Government of Tamilnadu
Social Science
in - standard
Untouchability
Inhuman-Crime
Depar
tment of School Edu
Lcation
A Publication under
Government of Tamilnadu
Distribution of Free Textbook Programme
(NOT FOR SALE)
Government of Tamil Nadu
First Edition - 2011
[This book is published under Uniform System of School Education Scheme)
AUTHORS
Prof T MURUt^AVEt,
Dept. of Humanities and Social Science,
Sri Venkateswcra College of Eng,Sri Perunnpudur.
Tmt. Meerpbal Gopt,
Tl Matric Hr Sec School,
Ambottur, Thiruvollur.
Tmt S.Chftra,
Panchayat Union Middle School,
1 7,Asthinapuram,Kattangolothur,
Kancheepuram.
Tmt. A.kalaivani,
Panchayat union Middle School,
Zamin Kaliyapurann,Pollachi.
Tmt. Manjit Srinlvas,
The School (KFI), Adyar,
Chennai.
Tmt Srikala,
Valliannmal Matric HrSec School
Chennai.
Tmt. Jeba Punitha,
MCC Matric Hr Sec School,
Chetpet, Chennai.
Tmt. Prema,
Leo Matric HrSec School
Chennai.
REVIEWER
Thiru. V. EXPEDITH,
Senior Consultant, SSA,DPL Chennai.
Tmt. SUMITRA AA. GAUTAMA.
Coordinator-Outreach ,The School [KFI),Chennai.
AUTHOR CUM CHAIRPERSON
Tmt. INDRA KOSALRAM,
Govt.Hr.Sec.School Perangiyur, Viliupuram District.
DTP
Ttiiru Saroth chandran
BOOK COVER DESIGN, LAYOUT, ART
Tlilru R. BAUVSUBRAMANIAN,
Govt.Hr.Sec.SchoolSurilipattiJheni District.
ARTIST TEAM
Ttifru M. JOHN RAJA, P.U.P.S Vengadesapurann,Cuddalore District
Thiru S. MANOHARAN, Govt.Hr.Sec.School. Silannalai,Theni District.
LAYOUT DESIGN
Thiru N. SRINATH
Textbook Printing
Tamil Nadu Textbook Corporation,
College Road, Chennai'600 006.
This book has been printed on 80 G.S.M. Maphtho Paper
Price: Rs.
Printed by offset at:
S.No
1. The world I like
1
^H ^^^^^^^V^^^^^^^^^^^H
2. My Neighbourhood
8
^^^^^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^^^^^^^H
3. On my way to School
14
t^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^^P^^Hl
4. Know your directions
26
■^■■■■^^■^^■■^■■^^^■H
5. Are you safe on the road?
35
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
6. Let us Travel
45
I^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^tari
7. Story of Food
57
^^■^^^■^^^r ^^
8. People who help us
72
k^^^^^^^^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hi
9. Our District
88
10. Five Physiographical Divisions of Ancient Tamil Nadu 101
■^■^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^^^^^l
^11. Our Feathered Friends
^ 112
i
^M
For our friends..-
The aim of the new edition is to make children read and enjoy learning. There
are activities that help them to work-individually and in small groups. It is important
for the teacher to facilitate group learning, as it promotes cooperation and
improves the quality of social interactions. The text is enriched by a variety of
illustrations, photographs, diagrams, maps and tables.
The chapters try to simulate real events that might contribute to learning in
the classroom, and where possible, introduce characters drawn from every day life,
in order to keep the children involved and interested in what they learn. Small
narratives have been used as a tool for sensitizing the child to the links that history
has with geography. Questions have been integrated into the learning frame, to
achieve the desired competencies for Class III. While the book offers enough
scope for precise and focused questioning, it is hoped that the child will not feel
intimidated by the scope of evaluation.
The book supports activity-based learning, and is 'learner centered'. The
teacher has a vital role - and her presence in the textbook is both real and virtual.
She stimulates the children's curiosity to learn further about
►► the environment that they live in (surroundings - home, neighbourhood, school),
^ the cardinal directions, road rules and the importance of safety,
►► travel and means of transport,
►> food and how it contributes to good health,
►^ public services and how they support us,
►► the districts of Tamilnadu,
^ the five physiographical divisions of land in Ancient Tamil Nadu, and how
they connect to our history and geography today,
^ the colourful and rich world of birds
^ an excursion to a historical site: Mamallapuram; and
>¥ two Stories from history to read and enjoy.
Finally, though the content of the book is child-centred, providing space
to explore and to make children active participants in the process of learning, it
is hoped that the teacher will enjoy and learn from transacting the book with
children..
f^^
1. Where I Live
®.
lamMeena. V
In my Home
I like to...
singsongs,
eat tasty food,
heap stories from my grandmother
go out with my parents,
play with my brother
"^oT^X
v-
ij
- * \lo
--^'iiX
.==^r
' liJlL
In my neighbourhood...
I like to...
play with my friends,
go to the market with my mother,
play on the swing in the park,
ride a bicycle in the playground.
.i:^'^
I
At school
I like to...
grow plants.
dance, sing, draw and make things,
learn along with my friends .
be appreciated by my teacher for good work
play in the evening with my friends.
What would you like to do? Write!
At my
M:Mi
Home
I like to...
Neighbourhood
I like to.
School
I like to...
Latha, Jamal, John and Mary are studying In class III,
They come from different neighbourhoods.
Let us listen to what they are going to tell us:
Where and with whom do
you live? Draw and write.
,"l,*
g As you see, families are of different kinds. There are big
families, small families and joint families.
Do you live in a small family or a big family?
Meena said
I love my family. My mother hugs me when
I return home from school. She listens patiently when I
tell her all about my day. I get angry when my brother
argues with me! At such times, my grandfather
consoles me. My family takes care of me in so many ways.
'I can share my thoughts with my family. When I am happy or sad or
angry, I can talk to some one at home,' said Jamal.
Will you share about yourself? Here are some questions for you.
Do you have a pet name at home? What is it?
What language[s] do you speak at home?
Whom do you speak to, when you are sad?
Whom do you speak to, when you are scared?
Whom do you go to, when you have doubts
in your lesson? .
Whom do you go to, when you have made
a mistake? .
/
Meena made thumb
impressions and turned
them into pictures of her
family. You can also do this!
Collect information from your home.
Your grandfather's native place...
Your grandmother's native place...
The names of their childhood friends...
The games they played during their childhood.
Which of those games exist even now? Do you play them?
Among those games which game do you like the most? Why?
Do you like to play alone or with your friends?
With whom do you play?
At School
At Home
•. •
This is the home of Sumathi and Saran. They say,
"In our home we have the freedom to speak what we think, and
we always share the house work... there is a lot of love."
Look at these pictures - they show you how Sumathi and Saran
help at home...
.m^j-s^
■<^ Vv'^'- - -
? _ ^c-
-==11^> ».'©*'
Do you help at home? How?
How do you spend your holidays with your family'
Draw a picture of your home.
Sketch it with trees and flowering plants that you like,
I
2. My neighbourhood
A neighbourhood is an area where many families live together. In a
neighbourhood, there may be roads, railway lines, bus stops, markets,
ration shops, places of worship, different kinds of plants, animals,
birds. Many people live in a neighbourhood.
have met Latha, Jamol, John and Mary. Here, they tell
you about their neighbourhood.
I live in a separate house in a village called
Kilapakkam. It has around 500
houses. There are many streets connecting these
houses. I live in Anna Street. There are 25
houses on the street. We have one common tap from
which we collect water and also one ration shop. We
get our provisions from the ration shop. There is also a small shop,
where my mother buys me sweets. My father, Nallathambi, works in a
hotel in Chennai and comes home during the week ends. I play * paandi *
with my friends Kala and Vanathi in the evenings. Their parents are
farmers. We celebrate different festivals and share sweets. We go
to school together.
From where does the family get its provisions?
What does Latha play with her friends?
What do they all do together?
0>
I live with my grandparents, parents, brother, aunt,
uncle and two cousins in Nagore. My house is near the
seashore. My grandfather is a fisherman. There are many
houses next to ours, may be 30 houses in the same row.
Most of the men here are fishermen. My father and my
uncle also go to fish in the sea. I have a lot of fun in th
evenings, playing with my br other and cousins.
t
Where is Jamal's home?
With whom does Jamal live?
Draw Jamal's neighbourhood.
JamaL
We live with our aunt and uncle in Tambaram, a
suburb of Chennai . We live in a flat. There are forty
families living in our apartment complex. Our parents
are working for a Non-Sovemmental Organization
[NGO] near Tirunelveli and visit us often. Tambaram
is a very crowded neighbourhood. All the children in
the flats play together in the evenings. But we all go to different
schools, Mary loves to visit Vandalur Zoo, that is
because there are lush green plants and animals there.
Where is John and Mary's home?
Why do they live with their aunt?
Why does Mary like to visit Vandalur Zoo?
Write about your neighbourhood with
the help of your teacher.
^
/
Meena and her neighbourhood
Look at this picture and
write down what Meena shares
with her neighbours.
Ik
>
<9
\:\\7 Whom do you like the most in your neighbourhood? Why?
f
\
Me, My Neighbourhood
Some of us have lived in one place all our lives.
Some others have moved to other places.
What about you?
Find out from the elders at home and from your neighbour and fill in.
Questions
For how many years
has your family
been staying here?
At home
From your
neighbour
'J
Where did your
family live before
coming here?
I
I
Two places which
you like the most
near your house.
My school
School is like a very big family, because it
teaches you about life. It is a place where
you spend a lot of time, building
relationships with your classmates and
teachers and learning many things.
^
\
rj-q. jK^^ ^
<3^ ^C ,^ ^^. p
^"■m-
It is also like a neighbourhood because there are responsibilities to
share. Our teacher teaches us to read and write. We also learn good
manners and gain knowledge and skills.
The school office staff keep all the school records. The Principal
make sure that the school runs smoothly. The noon meal worker cooks
our noon meals. When required there orz^ people who take cor^ of the
plants the maintenance and the safety of the school. All of them
make it possible for us to learn at school.
Date:
Day :
STD
Roll :20 + l8
Present : i«*ie.
We should
• come to school on time.
• keep our c\q&s room neat and clean.
{
• throw the waste in the dustbin.
• always follow the queue.
• ask questions one at a time in the class room.
• water the plants in our school everyday.
Do you follow these instructions in your school?
Among these, which one do you feel is the most important? Why?
^_JCeep your surroundings clean aj[}d tidy
I
Read the instructions on the boards at the Zoological Park
Why or^ they kept there? How are they helpful?
What will happen if you do not follow these instructions?
If we spit on the road, we spread disease.
If we waste water,
If we don't stand in a queue,
If we tease animals,
If we don't use the dust bin.
If we don't keep our surroundings clean and tidy,
■^^l^i.
.. -^^r-
*:Hn-ii&>>
3. On my way to school... ^ ^^;
Every day, on our way to school, we cross many different kinds of
trees and vehicles, hear the chirping of birds, along with a variety of
other sounds, pass many known and unknown people and see many
diverse scenes and sights.
Every day, through our
experiences as we come to
school, we learn many new things
These are what Meena usually observes when she goes to school.
Circle what you see on your way to school.
In the spaces given, draw any interesting objects, sights and
scenes that you have observed on your way to school.
'sn
Routes we travel by....
We choose a definite direction to reach a place,
This is how other creatures too do it!
Here is a bird.
How does It find Its way to its nest?
Are there any landmarks that help it
find its way?
V Here are two monkeys.
How do they move In the forest
in search of food?
Do the trees In the forest
look like pathways for the monkeys?
Fish move In groups - in the sea, river, lake or pond.
Are there paths in the water that they see and swim on?
How can you find the way from your home to school?
When people move from one place to another, they use different roads,
There are single-walker footpaths, there are mud roads on which
bullock carts move, and tar roads connect bigger places like towns .
cities and villages.
National Highways connect different states and cities in India.
We cox\ remember any route by the different places we cross on our
way there.
Can you name a few places that you cross on your way to school?
For Instance, you might say, 'I live near a level-crossing'. Is there
a bakery or a park next to your house? Is there a place of worship?
—
On my way to school, I cross
Everybody in a village town or city has ox\ address, or a way
by which they tell every one exactly where they live. This address
is also called a postal address because it helps the postman to
bring the letters to your home. It is important to remember your
postal address because it will help you to find your way back if
you are lost.
^ Warning
It is important to be safe at all times on our way to school. Later on
we will learn the road rules and how to follow them. Or\ your way to
school, do not speak to strangers and take the gifts or sweets they give.
It Is fun to think in what other ways we can write our address
You could say, for instance, that you live in a green
coloured house close to a huge neem tree. Or you
might say that your neighbour's balcony has
many fragrant rose plants or a bird's nest. Remember, your
home is a place that you can touch, hear, see, and smell!
Can you think of another way in which you can write your
address? Do try.
There is another easy way of telling your friend how to
come to your home - by using your right and left hand.
If you turn towards your right hand side, then you say,
'I am turning to my right.'
If you turn towards your left hand side, then you say,'
"I am turning to my left. '
To make sure that you are giving the right directions to your home,
here is another interesting game that you can play with
your friend. It is called a Mirror Game. Stand facing
each other. If you are A, then your friend is B. Imagine
that your friend is a mirror image. Lift your right hand up
<5C
^hich hand will your friend lift up?
. Touch your left eair.
Which ear will your friend touch?
You can
now direct your friend by saying, "Turn right, then
turn left after the level crossing, and walk straight
my flat is in the third building on the right."
h4
The place you go to daily is your school
Do you know your school address?
Name of the School :
Door Number
■
Street or Road
Area '
Town/City = State '■ PIncode ■
Like you Kalai also studies in Class III and she walks to
school everyday with her friends, Mekala and Ayesha. Today it
is Jdfjifihg; Kalai is carrying an umbrella. J^ As she and
her friends walk along the'^^^ y pond, they hear the frogs
croaking- KnuL &J^ t^ k..r...r..k k.r,.r..k. wfl^ They see an
P egret. Kalai jumps like a frog. Mekala tries to fly like an egret.
'I have seen this bird sitting on the cows back/ says Kalai.
'Now it is not raining', says Ayesha. P^s " the sun comes
out, they see their shadows in front of them. They all run. As
?
they run, they try to step on their shadows. But they cannot!
Ayesha says, 'I can step on your shadow, but I can't step on
mine!.' Can you say why? As I move, my shadow also moves.
On your way to school have you seen your shadow?
After crossing the poncl,there is a beautiful field and an
Ayyanar statue on the way.
They now cross an orchard. It is full of mango
trees. 'I like to eat mangoes,' says Kalai. A small dog joins
them for a while. They now come to the tar road. They see Q
a bus. Sameer is in it. Along_the road, they see a
; small shop. Near the shop.
there is a zebra crossing. They
carefully wait till the road is clear and then they cross the road. After
that, they turn right into a small lane and they are in front of their
school gate. As they enter, they hear their school bell ringing!
See and answer:
List what Kalai, Mekala and Ayesha saw on their way to school
\
^% V""\i^ River .•^■^ " ^ M.-.bzfJ.-
^ 4- J" '\..-ll
,%*<Kabir's House V-tl ~J\ jP^Av^ \
"^^^f I ■Lint > A4^ 1 ft
Kaini'S route map ' Kanl's house /'^^^ffi'Track
v^^ Ho US©.
House
See the map and answer using different colour pencils.
<^ Sketch the path that Kani takes to school,
cr* Sketch two different routes that Ravi can take to go to school.
cp- Tick what Kalai sees on her way to school.
<^ Circle the shops that are in the map.
^^ What do you find on the way to school from Kabir's house?
<^ How many turnings does Kani have to take on her way to school?
Count and write.
Children may form groups and play a memory game with what
they saw on their way to school.
Is your best friend's house far from, or near your house?
farQ near I I
What do you see on your way to school?
(^ On the right side, I see
^ On the left side I see
Who comes with you to school everyday?
♦
♦
Are there schoolmates who live close to you? Write their names.
Tick •
the water bodies you have
seen in your area.
River
Tank
Sea
Lake
Stream
None
Pond
□
Well
□
KEEP A WE/^THER CHART
bo you notice the weather, when you go out of your home?
Note the dates/time when it is
Date
hot
I /
mildly
warm
c
cloudy
rainy
.j^^?
Cold
i.A
Yesterday
Today
What do you see people doing on your way to school?
tik--.tT-^^l
^'^ -^.ss-^^
'.f^l^^'^^SW^^
To sum up... jB^
List what you have observed on your way to school
in the table given below - an example has been given to help you
BUILDINSS
TREES
THINGS
ANIAAALS
Post Office
Neem
Waste Bin
Dog
Let us have fun! Create your own symbols.
What symbol would you give, for some of the places
that you like? '■'•
For example, How would you show that you like sitting
under the rain tree m your school?
D
o
You can draw your symbols here.
#■
braw the path you take from home to school
/ Home Nv
D
School
m
4. Know your drrcctlon
Kavita and her friend fAalar lived in opposite houses on the same
road. They were studying in the same school in Class III. Both of them
walked to school together every day and were good
friends. They were learning about directions in their
Social Science class. On the way to school that day,
Kavitha and Malar had a heated argument about whether
they had to turn to the left or to the right to go to their
school. 'We have to turn to the left. I know it,' said
Kavita. 'No,' said Malar. 'We have to turn right.' They
kept arguing all the way to school. In school, they waited eagerly for
their teacher. The moment she entered the class, they ran to her and
told her of their confusion. 'You both are correct,' said the teacher,
smil ing. Can you guess why?
Can you indicate which Is Kavita 's and which is AAalar's house?
In class, the teacher said,
'Let us play a small game'.
You play it, too!
The teacher asked the children
to stand up. She asked, "What do you see in front of
you?' I see
'Now, turn to your left.
What do you see?' I see
Turn to your left. What do you see?'
I see .
Turn to your left again.
Now, what do you see?'
I see _________
Turn to your left again'.
7ou have made a full
circle around yourself.'
'Now let us play the same game by
turning to the right', said the teacher
When you get up In the morning, can you see where the
sunlight comes from? That direction is the East. In the evening,
look at where the sun light comes from. That direction is
the West. This helps us to find out in which direction <-^B '^
we are moving. "^^m J^
There are four main directions. They are North, East, West,
and South. The sun helps us to find the directions.
Do this Exercise:
Learn the Cardinal Directions
stand facing the sun in the morning,
we face east and behind us is west.
Our right hand points towards the south
and our left hand, towards the north.
North
"These directions don't change wherever we go on earth.
Remember this and you will never be lost," said the teacher smiling.
"Always check the time of day to be correct in telling the direction."
The teacher then showed them two pictures.
"The first picture shows Appu standing in front of his school
at 8.30 in the morning.
The second picture shows Appu facing his home
at 4.30 in the evening. Can you teach him the cardinal directions?"
asked the teacher.
show the directions to Appu
Morning
East
West
Evening
Kavlta now understood the four cardinal directions. * We both turn
north to come to school', said Kavlta.
If both Kavlta and Malar are to turn to the North to come to school
Kavlta has to turn left and Malar has to turn to the right. Can you
say in which direction their houses face?'
Kavlta 's house faces ,
Molar's house faces .
Directions tell us where specific places are located.
Fill in the boxes with places given in bold letters:
:
C3cr3
N
A
w
V
s
*> From your home, walk towards the West and then turn towards the
North. You will find the park.
♦ From your home, walk towards the North. You will reach the
market.
•♦♦ From your home if you walk towards the East and then turn towards
the south you will find the nursery.
♦ If you go towards the South from your home, you will find the fancy
store.
*^ To the West of the fancy store you will find the school, and the
police station to the east of the fancy store.
Mariners Compass
Directions are very important for sailors.
His sense of direction guides the sailor to his
destination even in fog or rain.
Sailors use an instrument called a compass to find directions
while sailing. The needle of the compass always points towards the
North.
1
■^
Read and enjoy! Here is a story for you
To the north of Mayanur village, there is a small forest. To the east
of that forest, there is a small pond. Different kinds of birds live near
the pond with their young ones. There are crows, cranes, kingfishers,
pelicans and many more.
During summer, the pond dried up gradually.
All the birds gathered together
and had a discussion about what they
could do.
m.
fisx\ old kingfisher said, 'There is a tank to the south
Mayanur. That tank x\eN^v dries up. We can all go there
A crow said, 'Do not go there. It is crowded already*
A crane said, 'I remember there is a beautiful river. With my
jjtti friends, I will find out where it is and we can all go there/
The crQX\z and his friends flew to the West and saw the river
from a distance. There were green fields and many trees.
Thesbirds came back and gave the happy news to all the other
birds. They all flew to the riverside and spent the summer
eacefully.
'^
.:*►
- s
1.
^
\
^^^h \ ^ ^
-M
1
?!
■4
^
^
^
<^
■4
,/7
Can you draw a map that shows In which
directions the birds went?
A
f
rrmr
^ ^
Mayonur
T I 1
A
N
W
Look at the picture on Page 21. Find out and answer.
^ What directions does KanI take, to go to school?
^ What is to the west of the school?
^ Kabir's house is located to the of the temple.
^ Railway track is located to the of the church
^^
^
5. Are vou safe on the road?
It had rained in the morning.
Many children came early to
¥
m
school. They were playing outside v -^
and drawing lines on the wet sand. v]p
Some children were playing .
' paandl ' (hop and skip) on the sand.
Karthik was having fun. When he
saw his teacher, he ran to her and
said, 'Please look at these lines. Do these lines look like roads?'
'Yes,' said the teacher. The teacher asked them all to clean up and
come inside the class. 'It must have been fun to make so many roads in
the wet sand/ said the teacher. 'Shall we talk about it? What kind of
roads did you make?' asked the teacher
*AII kind of roads - mud roads, tar roads, big roads, curved roads,
straight roads, junctions, main
roads and crossroads we
even ran around the paandi track.'
'Name the vehicles running on
your roads,' asked the teacher.
'Car, bus, and auto - there was
atrafficjam, 'saidViji.
I
I
I
'Also, Isaac and Raju banged Into each other
and fell down,' said Seetha.
'I was trying to cross' , said Raju. 'I
did not expect that he would stretch his
hand suddenly.'
'What happened to the people who
were walking?' asked the teacher.
'Well, they did not have any place at all to walk,' said Kannan.
'Shall we speok about why all these things happened?' asked
the teacher.
'Nobody listens to anyone,' said Reshma.
'Everyone follows their own rules,' said Arul.
'This is happening everyday on the roods, too. Shall we create a
few rules that will make sense to everybody? To be safe, you nee
to' 'STOP, USTEN and only then START/ said the teacher.
'Let us form some simple rules for pedestrians,' said Mumtaj
'Here Is mine - walk on the footpaths. They are meant for us.'
'But there are no pavements near my house,' said Meena.
'Walk on the extreme side of the road if there are no pavements
or platforms. It will be safe for you,' replied Mumtaj.
We should not rush, run or play on the road,' said Raju.
Dio not read books or look at hoardings while walking on the road,'
said the teacher with a smile.
dth.
'When I go by bicycle to school with my brother, he waves his
hands to greet his friends on the road/ said Natasha.
'It is distracting and unsafe for both of you/ said the teacher.
'Never walk along railway tracks and bridges. Be careful
when you cross a railway track. We can also get the help of
older people while crossing the railway track. You can use
the over - bridge or subway if they are available,' ■'
^ said the teacher
I
s
i
'So many rules!' said Kevin. 'How will we remember?'
'Let us pretend that we are walking on the road. You must tell me
whether what I say is right or wrong. Are you ready to do this?'
asked the teacher.
c
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E
^
r
hi
q
c
E
E
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If it is right colour it with blue
If it is wrong f J colour it with orange.
©/o o ^
When there are no pavements, walk in /o o\ /o o\
the middle of the road. \>-V \0^
Do not rush or run on the road.
Always play near or on the road
Skip and play ball when you walk. It is fun!
Do not read books as you walk.
Don't look at hoardings or wall posters while walking
on the road.
©
When you are riding a bicycle with your brother to school on
the road, greet friends by waving your hands. / o o > /o o
Never walk along a railway track,
When you cross a railway track, do not^^^X /ooN
bother about the signal. xZV Xili^
yiiiiiiilOiiiiHfiHiii iiiy pyiiy^
'Now, I know what is right, but sometimes I forget!' said Kevin
The next day, the teacher decided to invite Mr.Arun
from the Traffic Department to teach the children the
traffic rules. He was very happy to talk to the children.
He showed them a picture of prescribed road safety
njles and explained these rules to the children.
TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKINGS
The most common sign is the traffic signal. Everywhere, there
are signs to help us to be safe. You just have to look and follow.
Traffic signals regulate the traffic,
— ► Red — STOP
_^ Yellow — GET READY
— ^ Green — ^O
Traffic signs guide the pedestrians.
STOP— Red
GO Green
Road markings are painted on the road and they are also useful to
guide and regulate the traffic. Follow the traffic signs and signals
for your safety.
Always try to cross the road at
zebra crossings. Subways and
footbridges are provided on wide
roads. We must use subways and
footbridges wherever they are provided. When you are at a pedestrian
crossing, you must wait for the green signal and also wait until the
vehicles come to a complete halt, before crossing.
Wherever there is no zebra crossing, you should wait, look right, left
and again right and then cross the road carefully. Before you cross the
middle of the road, look again to your left to make sure that no vehicle is
coming. We should not run while crossing a road.
Here are a few signs to follow
Guarded Roil Crossing
Unguarded Rail Crossing
School Zone
Speed Breaker
*^®^
Oangerous dip
Left Turn
Right Turn
Bus Stop
\
/
No Horn
Why is the driver shouting?
^4,
Look at the given pictures , Use (v) for do's , (X) for don'ts in the boxes provided.
^4.
Match the numbers given In the picture with the words:
Street Lamp ^ (^
Traffic Signal Q Q
Zebra Crossing Q_) Q_)
Name Board
Footpath
Traffic Police
Colour the pedestrian boxes.
should not cross - red colour
can cross
green colour
Place the traffic signs
in the right places. LJ
A A
A A
A A
.>i--
c^
Wf' 1'^ * ^'^
U^
6. Let us travel
■^ Semblan was worried. His father had not come back after
collecting firewood for the week. He lived in a small village. His
father had a frame of sticks to carry the firewood. He usually /
^, came back in a day or two, pulling a frame heavily
loaded with fire wood.
-» li' Sembian was waiting anxiously for his father. He knew his
father was a careful man. He always took the safe path used by many
others. Sometimes, his father came back with a story for Sembian.
He spoke about strange or beautiful or savage animals found in the
forest. Sembian longed to go with his father but he was too young.
Soon, Sembian heard a rumbling noise.
In the beginning, he was scared and he
thought of running to his mother.
But suddenly he saw his father pulling
something behind him. It moved!
This time, his father made very little
effort to pull the frame. Sembian was
, Jn^. T^
M
excited.He ran to his father and askedjKj^^ \
him, 'Father, what is that round thing
that moves the frame?'
i><'-^
(^
S
'I just made it. I had this idea when I was cutting a
slice of the tree trunk/ said his father proudly
*What do you think?' asked his father.
'I think it looks super!' said Sembian.
He was admiring his father. Really,
he thought that there was nobody
in the world like his father!
Sembian lived thousands of years ago!
Invention of Wheel
made Travel Easy
Today, we have many kinds of vehicles, using different kinds of
wheels and we use these vehicles to travel anywhere on the earth.
The invention of the wheel gave way for modern means of transport.
We also use Vehicles for transportation of goods.
(ft^^^
Which vehicle would you use to travel to these places?
market
"xir-af
another village
across a river
jW^
grandma's house
"-x^r^^
Find out the different ways in which your grandparents travelled
to these places in earlier days.
Vehicles used by people 50 years ago
We like to travel to different places. We need different means of
ransport to reach, different places, depending on the distance that
we need to cover and the time at our disposal.
> Vehicles that ply fast • . . . '
^ ' r Both have their
^ Slow moving vehicles I advantages!
^ In which vehicle would you like to travel? Why?
"\
for fun
for learning and work
for visiting religious places
Travel is
to meet friends and relatives
J
We have four types of routes:
/
2. Rail route
4. Air route
3. Sea route J
Name the vehicles that ply on these routes,
tt Type of route I- Type of transport ^ J E"i
? Road route ; 5€)D
Q .-^ ® __
« Rail route ; si
« J:; y
■ Sea route ^ !^ IS
tt . . , . ^ ^^ -. ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S
5 Air route "e^ ?|| 1
■ ^ "A
Railways
^^^^ Road Transport
Roads link many places all over the world.
^^^ Vehicles are the means of
transport used on the road. We use cars, buses, vans, jeeps,
motorbikes, bicycles and bullock carts to move from one place to
another. Trucks, tractors and lorries are used to
transport goods.
Trains run on rails.
Train travel is more comfortable
for long distances than travelling by road.
We can look out and enjoy the scenery while we travel
by train. India has a large network of railway lines. In Chennai,
we have metro rail service.
Water Transport
There are passenger ships and cargo ships. We can see them in
the sea and in big rivers. We use boats for ferry services to travel
short distance. Fishing boats and catamarans are used for fishing in
the sea, lakes and rivers.
Air Transport
The fastest means of transport is the aeroplane
We can cover long distances in a very short period of time, using
air transport. The helicopter is an aircraft without
wings, but has large blades on top that go round and propel it
forward. Do you know, when there is a flood or drought, or
when someone needs to be rescued, the helicopter
Jri is the vehicle that is used?
Make travel eco friendly.
Number the vehicles according to their speed.
How many persons can travel in each vehicle ?
How much fuel does each vehicle require?
Shade the vehicles that can run without petrol
or diesel, in a different colour.
M ill]
"?
s
s
^
f
Name the vehicles:
that can carry more than 100 persons at a time.
that you choose for short distances
which do not cause pollution
that carry many people
that do not cost much,
*f Vani and Rani went for a sports meet to Delhi.
Vani reached Delhi in three hours and Rani took two days.
Which means of transport did they take?
Vani . Rani .
If you are planning to go for an excursion from your school,
to which place would you like to go? How many students?
For how many days?
For the teacher
Children may be facilitated in small groups to discuss
and find out how we can make travel eco friendly.
^
Vehicles used in hilly regions
Winch train
Cable car (rope way)
The vehicles used for emergency.
Police car
Fire engine
Ambulance
The vehicles used for essential purposes,
During your holidays, have you travelled to visit
your relatives or gone on a tour?
What vehicles did you use? Share your experiences
^
f if i
Read and enjoy
Meena was so excited!
'Meena, why are you so excited today?' asked the teacher.
My uncle Sekar is coming back. 'He has gone on a tour to visit
places in India. He has taken many photographs/ said Meena.
Can you bring him to school tomorrow? He can talk to
all of us,' said the teacher.
The next day, Meena's uncle Sekar came to school and spoke
about his tour of India. 'I started my journey from Dhanushkodi.
I travelled by jeep to Periyapcttinam. I saw many small fishing
villages and palm trees. I enjoyed
travelling on the Pamban bridge from
Rameswaram, as 1 came by train
to Chennoi, the capital city of Tamilnadu.
across the sea. I went with my friend on a motorcycle to
Mamallapuram from Chennai and saw many beautiful sculptures
'^^^
■y,<i.yMA»,y>
15^
ttf
niniim
After returning to Chennal I travelled by a tourist bus to
Orissa and visited the sun temple at Koncrk. This temple
to the sun god is both scientific and artistic in its construction.
I flew by aeroplane from Orissa to^ Dispur, the capital of Assam.
I visited the Koziranga National Park ^**^r near Guwahati,
which is famous for the one - horned rhinoceros. Well, after that
I flew by helicopter to Shillong. It is the capital of
Meghciaya. There I saw very beautiful waterfalls called
the Elephant falls. From there I went to Srinagar, the capital of
Koshmir and took a ride in a ^m shikara in the bal loke. I visited
a few lovely flower gardens, too! From there I went by bus to
Jaiscimer in Rajcsthan and had a ride on the xUaflHp camel to
the Khuri sand dunes to watch the sun set. I then went to Mumbai,
the capital of Maharashtra and visited the Elephanta caves by boat.
From Mumbai I travelled by a fm^SLZS KJ c^'' along the West coast
to Kerala with a friend and reached Coimbatore through the Palakkad
Pass. Then I came to your school by an auto, ^3 said Sekar uncle
with a smile!
I'yiitxj
\:v
■■■"■^'
• ;«
_^ 7- Story of Food
i^
"•A'
rfa!"
Food is one the basic needs of all living beings.
Human beings cultivate the earth and make a variety
of interesting and tasty foods. Look at this picture.
Can you link the expression on the man's face
to what he has tasted?
Show the changes in your face if you were to taste
the things shown above!
The story of cultivation
Early human beings were first hunters and
food gatherers. Later they closely observed nature ai
understood that plants grow out of seeds. Then they
collected seeds and sowed them. To water them
regularly they started to live on the banks of rivers and
raised crops. Thus started the art of cultivation.
-57-'
X:^.
Name the food you like.
Name one food item that is
hot: salty:.
bitter: sweet:
Name one food item that Is
soft: crisp:.
hard: oily:
What kinds of food do you have when you are ill?
biscuss with your friend and write how one food item
at home.
Much of the food we eat in Tamil Nadu is prepared out of rice.
There are many traditional varieties of rice in India.
Can you name a few?
if^ Do you Know Who I am?
I am the paddy seed.
I give you the rice that you eat every day. I flourish in a hot
and humid climate. I grow in places which have high rainfall or where
my field may be flooded with water from a near by well or river. In
Tamil Nadu I grow in coastal wetlands and in the fertile clayey soil
along the river banks. Do you know, there are some kinds of paddy
that can grow with very little water or even in salt water?
''60''
Let us see the different stages of the cultivotion of rice
IThe fields are prepared ^p[
by ploughing.
2. The seeds are sown
on the seedling beds.
'^m'-'^^^^r'
s
•i*".~
■*'--
■■: ar'r r'^
3. After some days they
are transplanted by hand
in the fields, and flooded by
rainor river water.
4. Weeds are removed.
5. The crops are irrigated
till they grow.
6. Grains are fully
covered with brown husk.
7. The paddy is ready
for harvest.
8The paddy is threshed to
loosen the husk.
9, It is taken to the mill
and the husk is removed.
lO.Finally it is taken to the
market for sale.
HOW bO we SET SUGAR?
Look at this picture. With the help of your teacher discuss how
we get sugar from the farm.
Beverage
Plant( Sugorcane) sugarcane cut into pieces
Truck carrying sugarcane
Sugarcane grows well in a
hot and humid climate. It needs /
clayey wet soil. It is mainly
grown in areas where there is
l^-^'W^ plenty of water available
Sugar
in different
shapes and .,,.,7
sizes
residue
extraction
bagasse
. Maize
Millet
ftagi has calcium that helps in the formation of bones and teeth. It
is called 'finger millet' because of the finger like branches on the plant.
Kambu is called pearl millet because the grains look like pearls.
Our country is a big producer of kambu. Foxtail millet or thinai is
another ancient grain of India. It is extremely good for health.
Name the varieties of healthy food cooked from rice, wheat and millets,
Wheat
Whole grain gruel
It is very important to have nutritious food everyday.
The most nutritious breakfast is whole grain gruel.
It is a mixture of many grains and cereals in
semi-liquid form. It tastes good when jaggery is added to it
What are the ingredients used in whole grain gruel
(sathu maavu)?
^■§3-^
^
Pulses
What can you prepare from these pulses?
Get help from your parents or grandparents to fill in the table,
Black gram Moong del
Here are some common pulses rich
in protein. We include pulses in our
daily food.
6reen gram
Bengal gram
Tuvor dal
Greens
Include greens in your food!
You might notice that all these greens have Tamil names. They are
being used from ancient times. Minerals and vitamins are
present in greens. They give strength and energy to our body.
Murungai ' Thuthuvalai 1 Sirukeerai !.Manathakkali, Vallarai
Agathi keera^ Vendoya keerai ,Pasalai keerai,, Mola keerai , Ponnankanni
: Pi*
64^
Spices
We use them everyday in our cooking!
Now let us look at the medicinal value of common spices.
Perungayam (asafoetlda), Milogu (Pepper), Jeerakom (Cumin seeds),
Kadugu (Mustard), and bhania (Coriander seeds) aid digestion.
Poondu (6ar\ic) is good for respiratory problems. It kills intestinal worms.
Karuveppilai (Curry leaves) are good for the hair and the eyes.
Manjol (Turmeric) is a powerful antiseptic. It kills intestinal worms.
Iryi (Fresh ginger) is good for treating nausea.
Chillies are of various kinds, high in Vitamin C and minerals.
FIND OUT
Ask your grand mother to tell you all the medicinal uses of spices
that she knows make a little book let of her remedies.
Eat Healthy Food
We work, we play, we think and we write. The internal organs
of our body are continuously working. We need energy. We get
energy from food. It also helps us to grow. It is very important
to have nutritious food every day.
^^^ It would be good for you to have at least one glass of milk
jT jk every day. Cereals, like rice and wheat, millets like ragi and
I M cholam, pulses like thuvarai (Red gram dhal) and pachai payaru
» m (6reen gram dhal) and oilseeds like Ellu (sesame) and Nilakadalal
^J^r (groundnut) are used daily in our kitchen to make healthy food.
How do we get our food?
The food that people ate traditionally depended on the crops that
were cultivated in the place where they lived. The crops depended on
the climate and soil. Today, with the growth of towns and cities many
people don't grow their own crops. The flow chart given below shows
how we get our food in towns and cities.
m.
Cattle
farming or rearing
|ih^
Fishfng
\
Farming
K/^
^ "•'" *' fe ' ''^v^3
m
Poultry
* -A-/
66
oii^
^>S:
- "^r^-^--
Apart from farming, people have also reared cows, goats and sheep,
poultry, and caught fish. Along with rice, pulses, vegetables and fruits,
milk, meat, fish, eggs and farm produce are carried by trucks and lorries
to the common market. From the bazaar it is taken to small shops for sale.
We buy them from the common market and also from small traders. Using
these products of the farm, different varieties of food are prepared
and served.
/jj
67-^
Find the religious festivals.
On this day, sweet pongal is prepared with rice,
jaggery, ghee and cashew nut
For nine days varieties of grams or da! are soaked in water
and cooked.
Cakes and pastries are made from wheat and milk products.
1
Biriyani is prepared with meat and eggs.
Nome 3 kinds of foods that you con Identify from the smell that
comes from the kitchen when they are cooked.
Name 3 healthy food items that you love to eat
Collect information from your elders.
What kinds of food did you grandparents enjoy in their childhood?
What kinds of vatthals, vadams, pickles and podls were / are
made at home?
Name the food that can be eaten raw.
Name some food items which are steamed.
Name some food items which are deep fried,
Name your favourite food
Match the food and the religious festival in which it is made
•69^
Name any other festivals celebrated in your area and the
foods prepared during these festivals.
Shall we drink fruit juice?
S""
i
/
^
Take a lemon. Cut it into two pieces
Squeeze out the juice. Add 2-3 cups
of water. Mix well with 3-4 spoons of
sugar. Add a pinch of salt. Lemon
juice is ready. A healthy drink
on a hot day!
You can also prepare orange juice
by the same method.
"^
^
Prepare a recipe for a vegetable and fruit salad with your friends and
teacher. Write down your method of preparation.
Vegetable Salad
* • - - *
List of vegetables
Method of preparation
m.
Fruit Salad
List of fruits
Method of preparation
\
■^
District Central Co-Operative Bank LTD
Head office
Do you know the places given in the picture?
72
Panchayat Union Office
Write the names of the places in the given space.
Look at the previous page. Now, link the places by drawing lines
from your home to the place you will go to
f when you are sick.
/ to learn.
/ to buy sugar and rice at a fair price.
/ when your valuables are stolen.
/ to send letters to your friends.
/ to save your money.
/ to get water supply for your house.
/ to get power supply for your house.
All the places given in the picture orz very helpful for
our daily lives.
Have you gone to these places? Why?
Tick ( ^ ) the places which are near your house, (walkable
distance) or far from your house (Need to use a vehicle).
Place
Near your Far from ^ . ...
, , Service provided
house your house
School
Bank
Hospital
Police station
Post office
Bus stand
We need the servrces and co operation of all people in society,
to live in peace and happiness.
In your neighbourhood,
what services do the people who wear khaki uniforms, provide?
what services do the people who wear white uniforms, provide ?
What work does your father do? Where does he work?
What work does your mother do? Where does she work?
Who keeps the neighbourhood neat and clean?
What do you want to become when you grow up? Why?
Here are some services we are going to learn about.
Post office Indian scientist and former President
of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
replies to letters or greetings
sent to him by school children.
fTTTUi-l'h-l
<B ■ ■WfW^r •^I'wi «JI^Ct4
s
TT^^ % irfsffw fHrt fff%T
3RAil]l"RAJ'ATl ailAVMy,
New Delhi- lIOOfH
LOrifTff IG. 20CW
nk,ij Qffoicffi jgs.TT«fIa(5.
This is a reply from him to
a Class 3 student K. Janani of
Anichampalayam Panchayat
Union Middle School.
Seki K JJnani
D/o D. Kiinrarr.n
" rii ■ inir. n ' L
V.:ip- ;: - C^f; J62
6Dr FBaeo
Have you received a letter?
From where did you get it?
From whom did you get it?
How do we get letters from distant places?
You will wonder how a letter reaches our friends and relatives.
Now, let us observe the services of the postman. The post office is an
important place in our neighbourhood. We buy stamps, envelope, post
cards and Money Order forms from the post office. We send and
receive letters and parcels through the post office. We can also send
urgent messages through telegrams and parcels through Speed Post.
The journey of a letter
We post the letters in the letter box. The letter box Is
red in colour. Letters are collected in a bag from ther^
letter box. They are sent to the main
post office. The sorter separates the
letters. Then the letters are sent to
different places by air, land or sea. A postman
or a post woman delivers the letters to the
address written on the letter.
What are these? Name them. Write the price
89^^
.^^^ \ I I I I G
j—- ™ —
|L — : -^'
1
1
'—1 1 1 1 1 n
TRY THIS....
Collect different types of stamps and arrange them.
Write a letter to your friend and ask him or her to reply.
Discuss how the letters will reach you and your friend.
Write your friend's
address on this
postcard
fVTj-l,.T.,-V-.'-^' ■^ .'-.>-w^
,^ COLLECT ^
NearestftiiJateJicBufejij
'^
ft^PlN
i ITT 3^ ^ # H ^ f^fS'sftT ^ fi ^ ^" Do not write or print bsiow Ihis line)
Watch the post box near your house and note the timings
of clearance.
Name of the post man who brings letters to your house.
Development of Information Technology has reduced the
usage of letters and telegrams. Exchange of information
and messages takes place mostly through E-mail using
computers and cell phones.
^>f^
m^ ,
^^ i
VK^
c^r^ -
w
Bank
Learn to sayfe money.
Banks help us to save money and also get back money whenever
we need it. It is safe to keep money in the bank. Banks also provide us
with safety lockers to keep our valuable things. National banks and
co-operative banks help us to save, borrow and repay the money.
Name some of the banks that you know.
Automatic Teller Machine
This is the Automatic Teller Machine (ATM). We
can use an ATM card to withdraw money from our
bank account at any time! It functions 24/7 I
Women in Self Help Groups [SHGs] get
loans from the bank for many of their activities.
Are there SHGs in your area? Find out how they
function, and what they do.
Find out how to use pay in slip, cheque and demand drafts.
i» gxrrr
■ -•«>4«>««t
*
Hta«k, it,H^.I*,M
^m:
e
t^j^H^HM
ajiait3i«5
in^ c»<u.aiei w^ii
Our Friends
Look at this picture. What kind of work is being done by different
people here? Fill in.
People work to earn money for their needs and to contribute to their
society.This we call as their profession or job. The people of the
society in which we live are doing different types of work. But we
live together in a society. All professions are inter-related and
inter-dependant.
Tailors stitch clothes. Masons construct houses and
other buildings. A carpenter makes doors, windows and other
fittings. A plumber fits and repairs the pipes for water supply and
sanitation. A welder welds metal to make grills for windows and
doors.
Fill in:
Who
Constructs houses and buildings?
Makes doors and windows?
Fits pipes for water supplyZ.
Stitches school uniforms!
Teaches you to read and write?
Washes and iron your clothes?_
Cleans your surroundings?
Mention the names of some other essential workers, \
who help you.
'Can you think of any other public services?'
'We need someone to give us medicine when we are sick!*
said the teacher. t'a
'My mother is an Assistant Nursing Midwife [ANM]. She visits
many villages once a week to give medicines to the sick people,
said Arul.
/^ /r;))j'Can nurses give medicines?' asked Meena.
^^ / 'Well, they are trained to do so,' said the teacher.
We find Government Hospitals in towns and cities. A small
neighbourhood has a Primary Health Centre [PHC] which benefits the
people of the village. Mobile dispensaries help the people
who do not have hospitals or Primary Health Cerxtres in
their villages. Nurses are also trained to visit villages.
'Is the treatment free? 'asked Raju.
'Yes all Government Hospitals and Primary Health Centres give free
treatment. Doctors and nurses take care of patients in Government
Hospitals and Primary Health Centres,' said the teacher.There are
doctors to treat sick birds and animals, to they are called veterinarians
Write down any five persons who are doing different jobs in
M:^
your neighbourhood.
Jobs they do
Name of the Job
iMt^
Identify and fill in what these people do in the picture given,
/ ( )r )
( )(^ )
( )( )
Who cleans your house every day?
Have you seen people doing jobs that serve others in your area?
Yes /No ^ J
Who cleans your area?
'How can we help them to help us better?' •/'
'We cor\ separate the waste materials into biodegradable and
non-degradable/said Natasha,
'We must not throw the waste into gutters/ said Rani.
'We must not spit or throw rubbish on the road', said Balu.
'You are good citizens!' said the teacher with a smile. 'You help
us all to think/ said Natasha with a smile. i
How will you keep your surroundings neat and clean?
Public sector undertakings belong to the government.
Their functions and proceedings are common to all the people.
Who maintains your surroundings and takes care of the street lights?
Who gives connections for drinking water and sewage to your house?
Water is supplied to houses in cities, towns and villages from different
sources. Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations take care of
supplying good drinking water to our houses.
Power supply is provided by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board [TNEB].
Cities, towns and villages are provided with electricity.
It is also supplied to industries and factories.
Panchayats
Towns
Cities
Panchayat Union
Municipalities
Corporations
All these facilities which are common to the public are made
available to you.
To which category does your place belong?
Corporations
Panchayat Union
Municipalities
One of the basic needs of man is water. The Executive Officer of the
Panchayats or Municipalities takes the responsibility of providing water
in common tanks wherever there is water shortage .
Ration Shop (PliS)
A Fair Price Shop is a Public Distribution System.
^-— j^l^^It is also called a Ration shop. We can get food grain,
pulses, oil and kerosene from the ration shop at a
(^ price lower than the market price. One must have a ration
card for buying these things from this shop.
We go every month to the ration shop and buy our provisions.
They are called fair price shops because they do not sell to make
profit.
Can you name some of the food items that you get from the
ration shop?
What do you see in this Picture?
If you are in this place what will you do?
Which number will you call first?
^Ambulance
The trained people of fire service will put out the fire and save
people and property when there is a fire.
When there are natural disasiers like cyclones, floods and
earth quakes we get the help from the fire service.
'Do you know who maintains law and order?'
It is the
Where will you find him?
What is his work?
The policemen maintain law and order. They look after our property.
When we have lost any valuables we make a complaint
at the police station.
We feel safe because the policemen
The policeman ^W are on duty round the clock.
registers our complaints and ^ _ ....
^ ^ There are "All Women",
takes action. He takes ^^
care of public safety m. police stations too.
Is there a police station in your place?
People who protect our country.
Do you know any person who is in the Armed forces?
I I Army
I I Navy
I I Airforce
^^^20^2x0^^^
9. Our District
Mala was excited and busy in helping her parents
at home and re-arrang'mg her room when she came
to know that her uncle and aunt were coming to her house for the
first time from abroad.
To find Mala's house they should know
Now let us know about our district.
Put a tick (v/) on your district in the district map of Tamilnadu,
Find out how many districts are there.
Number the district on the map.
Name your district.
Is there any reason to call your district by this name?
i88
District map of Tamilnadu
How many districts are there in Tamilnadu?
Write the names of the seas to the East and the South of
your state..
^9-
u'
/
My district is
Name your neighbouring districts
Is your district near the coastal region
If yes, write the name of the sea
My district has hills | mountains I
plateau | plains | coastal regions I
My district gets water supply from lakes | rivers | tanks |
Climate in my district is warm | cool and dry | wet |
Team work
liner evei
o
August 2011
July 2011
Take a calendar of the year . Record the weather everyday
Here are symbols to record the weather hot
windy -=::::i:s' and cloudy ^ ^ At the end
of the year find the months which have
hot, windy and cloudy. With
the help of this weather record,
we can learn about the seasonal
changes.
'\^oi
September 2011
June 2011
s
M
T
W
T
F
S
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Climate and season in your district
The hottest month is .
The coldest month is .
Name the hills or mountain in your
district
da ^
Name the rivers that flow in your district
Does your district have forests? Yes/No
List the grains, vegetables and fruits grown in your district.
Industries in your district:
Name of the Industry
Products
Place
Collect pictures of factories and industries in your district
and paste them m the scrap book.
Transport facilities in your district:
Bus stop I Harbour I
Railway station I Airport I
Identify the districts with the help of the shape and colour.
Write the names of all the districts.
<^
«
Districts of
Tamilnadu
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh .5T>
^-"uCThiruvallur
N
W E
Is
Chennai
Kancheepuram
Tiruvannamalai
Dharmapuri
Salem
Villupuram /
Nilgiris Erode
CoiolDatore
Kerala
Namakkal Perambalur
Ariyalur
Karur Thirlchlrapalli
i»""^==ie-5^
Arabian Sea
Tirunelveli
^anniya
kumafi
Indian Ocean
Dindigul
Then! f^^^urai Sivagangai
Virudunagar
Thoothukudi
^ 7%,
I Name the places of Importance in your district.
1
Pilgrim centres Sanctuaries
Historical places Hill resorts
In your District
Languages spoken
Festivals celebrated
Local Festivals
Cultural Activities
With the help of your teacher collect information x ^
about the Taluks in your district.
Number of Taluks in your district
Name of the place in which you live
Name of the Taluk where you live _
Each district is famous for what is produces
for eg:
Salem - Mangoes
Dindigul - Lock
Tanjore - Paddy
What is your district famous for?
r7
Photo Album
Gingee Fort
Courtallam water falls
Nagore Dargha
Marina Beach
Nilgiri Botanical Garden
Velankanni Church
'P
Kanyakumari -Thiruvalluvar
statue
Pamban Bridge
Kallanai bam
Thoothukudi Harbour
Here are some pictures of places of
importance to visit in our state.
Put a tick (v/) on the places that you
recognise. With the help of your teacher
get to know more about these places.
Thanjai Periya Kovil
(Brahadeeshwara Temple)
Read and enjoy
A visit to Mahabalipuram
Kannagi and her classmates were excited
when their teacher announced a visit to Mahabalipuram. She is
studying in Class III in a school in North Chennai. Her mother packed
chapattis and variety rice for her to eat at Mahabalipuram. It was a
cloudy day and a pleasant breeze was blowing.
A Tamil Nadu Tourism and bevelopment Corporation bus was arranged
for the trip. A guide was also there in the bus. The bus started at 8 a.m.
Children were very happy to occupy their seats in the bus. The guide
introduced himself as Mr. Vasanth and welcomed the children. He
wished them a pleasant journey.
The bus went along the East Coast Road from Chennai. The guide
told them that they were travelling along the Coast of the Bay of
Bengal. Kannagi looked at the sea on her left. It was beautiful on
that cloudy day. The guide showed them the picturesque backwaters
of Muttukadu when they were crossing the bridge. Children
v^v.
were singing all the way and
enjoying the journey.
I
^ They reached
Mahabalipuram at 9.30 am.
Now the guide started describing the historical place.
'Mamallapuram, was once a port city of the Pallavas. The rockcut
temples were built by Mahendravarman I. His son Mamallan or
Narasimha Varman continued to build more rock cut temples and
structured shrines at Mahabalipuram. The shore temples and rock
carvings were built during the reign of Narasimha Varman.
Mahabalipuram was once a flourishing port town of the Pallava rulers.
Now it is a famous tourist spot. It is around 57kms South of Chennai.
The guide took them to see the Shore Temple, the Five
Rathas, the Old and New Light Houses, Trimurthi Caves, Varaha
and Tiger Caves, Beach and the Sculpture Training Centre. The
temple carved out of a single large rock makes Mahabalipuram
special. There are also beautiful hill-side stone reliefs,' said the
guide.They found some letters on the rock. *What are these
scripts? asked Kannagi.'They are some of the oldest known
Devnagari and Tamil Grantham scripts,' said the guide.
it-
j^r^jund^s^^enance
5ij @ ^ #« 2_ ^
a a i I u Li
Grantham script
Single Granite
'Does It mean that there were people here before
the Pallavas?' asked Tanu. 'Of course,' said the
guide.
Every port of our lond has on oncient history.
'Look at this panel, you can find a
pious cat praying to fool the mice to come closer,'
said the guide. People in those days had a sense of
... humour too. 'Another relief inside a hall with pillars -
ail carved out of a rock - showed Krishna holding up a
hillock to protect his fellow villagers from
heavy thunderstorms,' said the guide.
The children saw a giant natural rock balanced
on the slope of a hlllsidel 'It is quite amazing!'
said kannagl's classmate Vetrivel, in excitement.
Then, they went to see the Pancha Rathas
I.e., the Five Chariots. 'These are five monolithic temples In the
shape of chariots each made In a different style and named
after a character from the AAahabharata' , said the guide.
'I have read the story of the Mahabharata in comics'.
*How creative ancient people wereP said Kannagi.
'Now it is time for lunch. Let us have lunch/ said the teacher
The children sat down forming a circle. They exchanged their
food and had their lunch happily. ^^
The guide then took the children to the Wq^^ I^ous^
Lighthouse and the Sculpture Museum,
The children climbed the old light house.
^^-.^- «|^,^ '^"l" 'S breath-taking/ Kannagi said, as
ir "^ ^ - r'.^ they had a view from the light house.
'I do not mind being caretaker of a lighthouse/ said her friend
Alisha, echoing her own feelings. The museum has many sculptures.
Finally, they visited the Shore Temple. Many people had come to see
this beautiful place - foreigners, students, parents and children.
The teacher and the children spent sometime on the silvery
sandy beaches. There \Nzre also shops selling ^ beautiful conches
and shells. Kannagi and her friends bought
their mothers. The teacher and the
children thanked the guide, Mr.Vasanth.
They all returned home in the evening
one each for
Is there any tourist spot in
your district arrange the
trip visit and enjoy.
y-*r^'??'^T^-
r ^^-.
f T^
^liori^aiiiei^
V^
l^^j^2^
-
[JU^IaSu^
BBSb^^'^
%*
Animals, plants, birds and insects are co-travellers with us on
this beautiful earth. Some animals live in water. Some animals live
both on land and in water and some live only on land. There are both
terrestrial and water plants.
A landscape is an area of land which is unique because of its weather,
nature of the land and soil, plants, trees and creepers that
grow in that particular habitat. Animals and birds live and
adapt themselves to the environment.
Tamil Literature has classified our land into five ^^^
landscapes'. Each of these was named after a flower.
The five landscapes are described as
(Curiryi or the landscape of mountains V^>i^ ^
Mullai or the landscape of forests
Marudham or the landscape of the agricultural fields
Neidhal or the landscape of coastal regions and^
Palai or the landscape of^ry lani
S£
M.
Kurinji - Mountainous Region
I am Solaiamma from the Kolli hills. Ours Is a hilly area, so
mornings and evenings here are cool and misty. I would love to tell
you about the animals, birds, trees, fruits, and flowers in our
landscape.
In our hills we have lakes waterfalls and streams. There are
many old trees like Red Sanders (vengai). Flame of the Forest
(purasai),Teak, Bamboo, Sandalwood, and Indian Rosewood (sissoo).
Hill bananas, which taste good are still grown in the the Sirumalai
Hills in Dindigul.
The name of the region Kurinji, Is also the name of the
famous Kurinji flower which blooms in the Nilagiri Hills of
Tamil Nadu. These hills are also famous for the nimble Nilagiri
m
Tahr (mountaii3g|oat5?^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 5|
The shrub whose brilliant blue and white flowers blossom for only
a few days once every twelve years, blankets the slopes in radiant
colour. We tnibals are ancierxt inhabitants of
this land and have gathered leaves, roots,
fruits and honey in the forests.
m
\
Flowers like Kandhal (glory Illy) the rose and the lotus thrive in \
the cool air.that is fragrant with many rare medicinal herbs.
The great Hornbill calls from the thick forest and the peacock
dances with the first rains. Hunting wild animals is prohibited in
our forests. Many elephants roam there. One of them has come to
talk to you. "I am the largest land mammal in our country. I travel
ong distances to find water and food. Now a days people hav<
started farming and building houses across my path, and I have
^ lost my habitat. I am also poached for my tusks."
\^ Your teacher has marked the hilly areas in Tamil Nadu on a map.^
^l'rf*tW* \Att i. l_ • i-_
sM? What words come into your ^^^^1^x1 - Landscape of the Mountains / V+
•■''" mind when you think of ^^^ r^^ i r^^^
you
the hills?
Write the names of the
Districts which hove hilly
areas.
'he elephant is sad
^i^cause
Vellore
-...Tn
Thiruvanamalai ■' ^'
Dharmapuri '-^
^^^ ■ Viflupuram «^udhuchQrt
L^xr^'^'^^"^ - y^'^^^^^ Cuddalore\
/ ^,^ _ JAnialury .
Karur ^ \ ^>-^^'^ <r^ r'--:^ Nagapattinam
J j ,-^--:^"^^-^ ^ { ^
Dindukkal ^ ^- \,. > "\ ^
i^ ^udukkottai J ^ '
Madurai ^Sivagangab^ ^
■V,
/■ '"-^
" Ramanathaputam
mi
>c^
7-^
*■
^
'0 )
Mullai - Forest region
Hi! I'm Nandini and I live in Sathya Mangalam. We are shepherds and
cowherds, and our wealth is our cattle. My father takes the cattle
f to graze early in the morning, and returns at noon. My mother sells
curd and buttermilk. The climate is mild and rainy, and there are
many rivers and streams in our landscape. There are thick, old
forest trees here, and also trees and plants that people have planted
for their animals. The palmyra, the coconut, the areca and the
banana share space with the jackf ruit, jamun, mango, neem and
tamarind trees. Pearl millet (kambu), finger millet (ragi), and
sorghum (cholam) are also cultivated here. There are many animals
,^ and birds like the barbet, jungle fowl, flying squirrel, fox, wolf,
cheetah and wild bees. But with the shrinking forests, most of the
deer have gone. The spotted deer has come to talk to you.
" As my name suggests, I have white spots on a fawn-red
J coloured coat. Only the males have antlers. Most of
1
my grazing areas have gone. I have been killed for my
antlers and eaten for my meat. Only a few of us survive today,
at the forest's edge". Your teacher has marked the forested areas
in Tamil Nadu on a map.
V
Jp
^^■-^^^^-
Look at the Mullai areas on the map of Tamil Nadu . Locate the
districts where forests are found.
/
^Forest . , y'N!?^^"f
Krishnagiri f ^M^
•"^^Y , Dharm^uri ^i,
M
N
t
^
Thimvanamalai
roimbtpin
00
SelanT '' -^LJ^'
Nama
Villupuram- - >"
#"1
erambalL^,
^ Cuddalore
'y'...y^--^r^'-;t.( ■ J '-— .^JAriyalUT./' (
\^ _Jhirichirapalli J / \' _..-jJ
i ^ .— /7 ^ ^Tanjavur J i-^ \
'^«Rv?v
^
- -'^
^ f ^ \
^
__ !?
"^;
•1
1?^ '
■ I II ^« *l
ff
Marudham - Cropland [plains and river basins]
/Ay name Is Devon.
The Marudham landscape gets Its name from the flower of the
myrtle or Arjuna (Marudham) tree. I am from Pathamadai. This
is a beautiful place, with the river Tamiravaruni flowing through our
fertile lands, and irrigating our fields. Our landscape is flat, and
rivers flow slowly, depositing rich soil for our farms. A kind of
grass called korai grass grows along the river banks, and when it is
dry, people make mats out of it.
Most of us are farmers. We have warm seasonal rains, that help us
to cultivate almost any crop on our fields - many types of paddy,
pulses, oil seeds, millets , cotton and where possible, even sugarcane!
Do you know people in the Sangam period knew how to extract
sugarcane juice?
In our landscape people have found many ways of storing water and
Marudham land is dotted with eris, ooranis and tanks people have
used bulls to plough the land and also caught and eaten many kinds
of fish from the rivers and ponds . Snakes like the cobra are found
In this region - they control rats which are a pest in our fields .
Here is one to talk to you.
I am always alert in thick jungles and In the farms. I catch rats and
save the crops. You rarely see me because I sense the vibrations
of your steps through my body. I live In holes and termite mounds.
It is in your hands to plant trees and make the crop lands more fertile!
Your teacher has marked the fertile areas in Tamil Nadu on a map.
What words come to your mind when you think of the former?
Rivers flowing in this landscape bring
Look ot the Marudhom oreas on the mop of Tomil Nadu . ^
Locate the districts and the rivers where fertile land is found
Marudham areas in the map of Tamil Nadu
Marutham Crop Lands
B/%
Symbols J
1
Crop
1
Mat making
m
Silks
M
Weaving
10
di_a
N.
^m^ -
% Neidhal - Seashore [Coastal Regions]
My name is Antony. I come from Nagapattinam. Tamil Nadu has
a very large coastal area. The people who lived, and continue to live
here are the fisher folk. This *thinai' or landscape gets its name
from the water lily that used to grow in the back waters of rivers
has they met the sea, Thazhampoo and Magizhampoo were also
found in this region. The next and boats drawn up on the beach and
the odour of drying fish attract many sea birds like the gull, tern
and heron. Many different varieties of fish are caught and sold.
Sharks, whales, kavalai and sea horses are some of the fish I know.
There were many busy harbours in the ancient days where Indian
pepper and cardamon were sent In ships across the sea, to be sold in
foreign lands. Even today this area has many important ports.
There are many marshes are wetlands along the coast where the
great Indian Marsh Crocodile used to live. As you know, it is
wetlands that provide us with fresh sweet water by recharging the
ground water. Sea turtles, to this day, lay there eggs on the
beaches, along the Tamil Nadu coastline.
Here is a turtle that has come to talk to you
I am an Olive Ridley turtle. I am also called Panguni Aamai'
because I nest along the coast of Tamil Nadu during January
February and march. I reptile and I live in the sea. Do keep the ^v
beaches safe for me.
■J \
Your teacher has marked the coastal areas in Tamil Nadu on a map
What words come to your mind when you think of the fisherman?
Neidhcl - areas in Tamil Nadu
^'""t
E What does the sea
,_^ennai tUPtlc WOllt US tO do?
Kancheepuram
Sw^^ Locate the districts
where coastal land
is found.
I Symbols
Huts
"^(ST Coconut Trees
~ki%»*^ *<
Catamaran
Trawler
"^Sb^^ Fishes
The marshes or wetlands provide the coastal areas with
Marshland:
* *
A low lying wetland with grassy vegetation: usually a transition zone
between land and water.
Backwaters:
Areas of stagnant water ^(yr^d by backflow from a body of wSl^ei".' 4
i'
J LJ Paalai - Dry lands. Wastelands
In Tamllnadu, there are no deserts. But there or^ dry lands.
Dry land farming has been done in Tamil Nadu for a long time. People
have learnt to live in hot and dry conditions and save every drop of
water. Horses, some cattle, wolves, tigers and many kinds of lizards
are some animals to be found in this landscape. Plants like the cactus,
thorny bushes and palm trees and dry land crops like millets, (cholam
and kambu) oilseeds like the sun flower, groundnut, sesame and pulses
like green gram and black gram grew here.
Fruits like dates, figs, guavas and pomegranates are available
here. There are also dry land herbs like aloe vera, and hardy trees
like Drumstick (AAurungaf) and the Karuvelam which grow well here.
Birds of prey like vultures, hawks and kites are the natural birds
of this landscape.
Palai is o landscape where the wells have gone dry, the
ground woter has become solty, the ponds hove become dirty and
unusable, the soil is unfit for plonts, and humon beings find it
very hord to live. Todoy, we need to be careful and 'protect our "k
P-
^P
v***
environment. Let us toke core of our soil ond woter ond keep the J
^^of
air clean! Let us not fill our earth with waste! Let us toke core
ifC
-S?
the other creotures thot shore this beoutifu! world with us.
Let us plant trees and toke core of our forests!
m.
Your teacher has'fharked the coastal areas in Tamil Nadu on a map
Palai - Dry Lands
^P^jdukkottai
f^C
7\
'W
-^F^'
g^^^manathapuram
How can wc protect
our environment?
Locate the districts
where dry lands are
found.
symbols
^ Millets
J|i Red Chillies
^0 WoodApple
Karuvelam
In what kind of land form do you live in?
Look at these foot steps and name the animals that have conie here,
vT
'JiT
v7>
^
Dharani has spotted ten birds in the picture. How many can you find?
Colour and write their names in the branch box given below.
Name some domesticated birds. Have you noticed them? Their beaks
are all different. Looking at the beaks and legs, find out the name of
the bird and write.
braw a beak of the bird you know and name it.
Who are they? Name them
I use my beak to make holes
for nesting and locate
insect larvae under the bark.
Who am I?
My call is koohu-koohu.
Everybody likes my sweet
voice which gives me fame.
Who am I?
Chur-chur-r-r-it-it-it-it"
People love my call. You can
see me in your backyard.
Now our number is reduced,
Who am I?
I am a night bird having powerful eyesight.
I can look around me by turning my head. You
may have heard my hooting sound at night.
Who am I? .
I fly very high and have
good eye sight. I swoop down
upon the prey in water or
on the ground from a great
height. Who am I?
I have colourful feathers.
I am admired by all and I cry aloud
before the rain.
Who am I?
I am bright coloured and
attractive. I live in tree holes
and in nests, dug In banks
of water bodies. I like to eat
fish and that is what gives me
my name.
Who am T? .
Let us study some of our feathered friends ^^
The Common Babbler
The Common Babblers are ancient Inhabitants of
Tamil Nadu. They are called sewen sisters or seven
brothers because they are usually seen in groups of 6 - 10
They chatter and chirp. They live on insects, grain, nectar and
berries.
They are social birds and take care of each other.
The Mynah
The Mynah belongs to the starling family of
birds. It Is dark brown with yellow markings on its
head. Its beak is famous for Its bright yellow colour.
This bird too is a native of this landscape and Is
found everywhere In Tamllnadu.
It Is also a good imitator of sounds and calls!.
Indian Magpie Robin
The Indian Magpie Robin Is a cheerful and
friendly bird. It is a native of this landscape and
Ives in dry scrub jungles, perching on the village
roofs and entering verandahs and picking up Insects
It nests in a tree trunk or hole or pad of grass and drinks
the nectar of dry land flowers. When It sings, its tall bobs up
and down!
Let us make friends with birds. Keep water and food
for the birds In your garden and observe the birds that
come to drink water and feed themselves.
^
The Crow Pheasant
The Crow Pheasants Who...wooo....you
would have heard their call! They are brown birds V
with long tails and red eyes. They are weak flyers
They eat insects and live in woodlands. w-*^
The Weaver Bird
The Weaver Bird is a master builder. The nest
faces downwards. It feeds on seeds and
lives in colonies on trees.
The Hornbill
Perhaps no story of birds in our landscape is complete
without the mention of the Hornbill. It lives mainly
in the dense forests and is an ancient inhabitant
of our land.
Find out the different types of nests the different
birds build. Where do they build them? Collect the
empty nests and find out what materials they have
used to build the nests. Take a walk in the morning]
with your note book and draw the birds you see
around you
117
F|**!
Birds of prey are called 'raptors'. These birds are good
hunters and they fly very high. They also have very good
eyesight and they dive from a great height to catch
their prey. They have very large and powerful wings, as well!
' Here are a few.
?r^Tf^ :T^ f >^ ^ipn^^^^/tTr:
i'^t^ fW\ *^y ^n i jgr t^ '^jL '
4
Birds protect trees by reducing the number of leaf- ii.
eating insects and protect the forests too. Many birds are
friends of mankind. Their droppings help in improving the
fertility of the soil. The food and life of birds depend on
the quality of natural environment.
^
Think
Can all birds fly? Name two birds that cannot fly,
Collect the feathers which you find lying around
In your scrap book draw a bird that you like
and paste the right feather on it. 3p^ (|
Write the name of the bird.
-k
Have you ever observed the birds while flying and
walking in different ways?
When you see birds, watch how they walk and nfove
their neck and listen to the sounds made by them.
Enact and ask your friend to guess the bird you
have enacted.
Discuss
What will you do if you happen to get wings?
Where will you go? Which bird do you like to be? Why?
Which is your favourite bird. Why?
♦
Circle the birds that cannot fly very high
^V, W^
1
I
«* • *%•
We will now learn about one of the oldest bird sanctuaries
in India - the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, a home for migratory
birds. It is located in the Kancheepuram District of Tamil Nadu.
It attracts a variety of birds because it has many small lakes
and a number of trees. It acts as a feeding ground for the birds.
The sanctuary was started in 1798 by the villagers who realized
the importance of the birds that migrate and breed here. Their
knowledge of the use of bird's droppings, helped them to increase
their crop yield and motivated them to start the sanctuary.
Darter
A sanctuary is a safe place for birds and animals.
Bar-tailed Godwit
^^
Wmmmm
?v<
S ligianiiTik c K >
V.
AAigratory birds
Migratory birds travel thousands of miles
from different parts of the world to avoid
the biting cold. The birds nest here mainly
from the month of November to March. ,^^11' 1
During this time birds are^
mostly building and ^^SR^ K.
maintaining their nests. The number of birds
arriving during the season is estimated to be
around 50,000
As summer sets in, the water in the tanks starts
receding. By this time, the chicks become old and are
strong enough to fly. The migratory birds start returning in
batches to their native places.
Heron
In which region is Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary located?
:^
When was the sanctuary started?.
Name some of the birds that come there.
Bharata
BharatQ was a brave boy.
He was the son of the ancient
King Dushyanta. Bharata' s mother
was Shakuntala. Bharata lived
with his mother in the forest
during his childhood. He grew up in the midst of wild animals.
Bharata grew to be strong and fearless - for instance, he made
a sport of opening the mouths of tigers and lions and counting
their teeth!
Bharata became a king at a very young age. Young Bharata
conquered and ruled the entire subcontinent of India.
His empire was named Bharatavarsha, the land of Bharata.
He ruled virtuously and earned great fame.
Bharatavarsha refers to the
whole of modern India and many
other countries of today which
did not exist then. Our country
is known as Bharat in memory
of the great King Bharata .
Manikarnika was born on 19th November 1828
in Kashi (Varanasl). Her nick name was Manu.
She was educated at home. She studied
self defence, horsemanship, and archery.
She formed her own army with her
t'i.
^^,.
n
female friends.
She was married to Sangadhar Rao, the Raja
of Jhansi, at the age of 14. After her marriage,"
she was given the name Lakshmi Bai.
When her husband died, she became the
ruler of Jhansi.
Lakshmi Bai took part in the revolt of 1857. She went to the
battlefield riding a horse and fought against the British bravely.
She died in the battlefield in 1858.
Rani Lakshmi Bai became a national hero and
is remembered even today as a brave woman.
The first Women's Unit of the Indian National
Army was named after Rani Lakshmi Bai.
M,
Paper house
Take a square paper and fold
it into 16 parts.
Shall we draw a
Kingfisher?
(D
> Cut the edges of the fold
as shown in the picture.
Paste the centre leaves
of the cut portion as Li^
shown in the picture.
Then paste the corner
edges as shown in the
picture.
Now the house
is ready.
Draw the doors, windows
and colour them.
You can make different types of houses
using different kinds of colourful oil
paper (Marble) with the help of
your teacher.
124
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