The practitioner's medical dictionary; containing all the words and phrases generally used in medicine and the allied sciences, with their proper pronunciation, derivation, and definition

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THE PRACTITIONER'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY

GOULD— SCOTT

OTHER DICTIONARIES

By GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

THE POCKET PRONOUNCING MEDICAL DICTION-
ARY, 35,000 WORDS. Seventh Edition, Revised.
1008 Pages. Full Flexible Leather, Gilt Edges, Round
Corners, $1.00. Thumb Indexed, Si. 25, Postpaid.

THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE,
BIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES. Sixth Edition
with additions and corrections, and a Supplement
including 38,000 additional words. Numerous Illus-
trations. Large Square Octavo. 2204 Pages.
Double-Columned. Half Morocco, S14.00, Postpaid.

THE PRACTITIONER'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY

CONTAINING ALL THE WORDS AND PHRASES GENERALLY
USED IN MEDICINE AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES, WITH THEIR
PROPER PRONUNCIATION, DERIVATION, AND DEFINITION

BY GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

AUTHOR OF "A.\' ILI.rSTRA.TED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES," "THE
SVUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY." "POCKET MEDICAL DICTIONARY," ETC.

THIRD EDITION— REVISED AND ENLARGED

BY R. J. E. SCOTT, M.A., B.C.L., M.D.

FELLOW OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE
EDITO: OF HUGHES' "PRACTICE OF MEDICINE," GOULD AND PYLE's "CYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICINE

AND SURGERY," ETC.

BASED ON RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE

WITH MANY TABLES

PHILADELPHIA
P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.

10 1 2 WALNUT STREET

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Copyright 1916 by P. Blakiston's r

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CLA428293

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PRESS OF

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY

LANCASTER, PA.

MAR 2b 1916

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

The chief feature of this revision is the large number of new words included, prob-
ibly 20,000. Another point of importance is that the volume is compact and easy to
landle, while still sufficiently comprehensive to serve present-day demands. This
jreat increase in the number of words with a corresponding decrease in the size of the
)ook has been achieved by the omission of nearly all the illustrations now familiar in
the usual text-books and works of reference.

A dictionary is for casual use and brief consultation; therefore, the size of the type
need not be larger than legibility demands: that selected is similar to what has been
used in Gould's Pocket Dictionary' (of which thousands are sold yearly) and is a little
larger than in the present edition of the unabridged Webster. The result is a volume
of about three-fourths the bulk of the previous edition, or of any of the medical dic-
tionaries of its class with about 71,000 definitions.

The eponymic terms have been placed in their proper alphabetical order, so that one
need no longer be in doubt whether to look under " test " or " reaction " , ' ' phenomenon ' '
or "syndrome", "sign", or "symptom", for the desired information; this moreover
permits the insertion of the nationality and the dates of birth and death of those re-
ferred to. The proper name is constant; generic terms vary.

The definitions are based upon the standard literature and authoritative text-
books of the day, and are not copied from the older vocabularies.

As to pronunciation : The alphabetical sound of the letter has been the key. This
avoids the use of a confusing number of diacritics. Only when there may be any doubt
has the proper pronunciation been indicated by a diacritic mark. Over a letter "~~"
means that that letter has its usual alphabetical sound.

Proper names and their derivatives only have been capitalized in the title-words;
this is in accord with present usage which is a revival of the custom of some of the
lexicographers of the last century.

With the exception of a few signs which have no letter-equivalents, all of the matter
that preceded the regular pages in the former edition has been placed in alphabetical
order in the body of the book, where it will more readily be found.

The critical reader scarcely needs to be reminded that the principal duty of the
lexicographer is similar to that of a census-taker; it is his duty to make an inventory
of the words and their pronunciation as he finds them among the well-informed; it
is not his province to reform or to invent substitutes for the terms held to be unde-
siable. If words exist and are used, they should be recorded, whether they are well-
born, vulgar, hybrid, obsolete, or anomalous. Unfortunately many of our medical
terms were coined by men who knew "little Latin and less Greek"; but when once
these terms gain currency, usage sanctions them, although philologically incorrect.

We have striven for the fortunate medio tutissimus ibis, and if the aim has been
successfully carried out, then this Middle-of-the-Road Medical Dictionary contains
neither too much, nor too little, and should carry further the popularity of Gould's
series of Medical Dictionaries, of which more than one-third of a million volumes are
in the hands of the English-speaking practitioners of the world.

Among many, one illustration of the unexpected reach of far-off influence may be
permitted: — In the English-Chinese Lexicon of Medical Terms, compiled by Philip B.
Cousland, M.B., C.M. (Edin.), the valorous, philanthropic, and learned Editor, in his
Preface says: It is largely based on Gould's Medical Dictionary, and the Nomenclature
of the Royal College of Physicians of England, etc.

In its new form, it is believed that this well-known dictionary will be even more
useful than before.

George M. Gould,
R. J. E. Scott.

NOTES CONCERNING THE HISTORY OF
LEXICOGRAPHY*

Nomina si nescis peril cognitio rerum, said Coke with the acumen of the legal mind,
and it is generally true that the knowledge of things depends upon the knowledge of
their names. Discoveries of new facts, or new standpoints for viewing old facts, de-
mand new tags or " nicking " symbols whereby their status may be fixed and their recog-
nition insured and made more clear for distant or future students. Few philosophic
and scientific minds may exhibit an aloofness and a freedom from the tyranny of words
to enable them to study things without the aid of words and namings. But nothing,
it is admitted, is more blundering in a personal sense, and more harmful to the progress
of science, than the exhaustion of interest so soon as a classification and nomenclature
have been made. The ridiculous is only needed to end in the absurd, and this is
generally supplied by their wrong pigeon-holing and false ticketing. A diagnosis once
made, a mere word, long, mysterious, and meaningless, pinned upon the bunched
symptoms, and further study of etiology, prophylaxis, or therapeutics is with too
many at an end. Over 200 years ago Dr. South tried to check this "fatal imposture
and force of words" by showing how "the generality of mankind is governed by words
and names," not by things as they are, but as they are called — in a word, by "verbal
magic."

And yet in a groping science like medicine, one that inductively, slowly, and tenta-
tively is feeling its way toward the truth, this need of naming every step forward is pe-
culiarly necessary. It is the condition of securing the step in itself, and of guiding the
aftercomers. It is the blazing of trails into the wilderness of the unknown. Of course
no one can tell what lines of research may finally prove the best and true, and none,
therefore, what blazes will be useful or useless. New trails, shorter, easier, and better,
may indeed be discovered, and when the wilderness country is settled, all trails will
either be abandoned or become well-known roads. But even then good sign-posts and
pointing index-fingers will be helpful for strangers, and some of the old names will never
be discarded. None can surely foretell what words may die and what ones become a
part of the language. Hence the lexicographer may not too recklessly exclude.

The history of lexicography finds its first data about 700 or 800 A. D., in glosses, or
the more common explanatory words annexed or superposed over "hard" terms, and
made either in Latin or in the glossator's own vernacular. A list of such glosses was
called a glossarium, or as we say, a glossary. It soon became the custom for children
and students to learn by heart the classified lists of the names of things, such as those
of the parts of the body, of animals, trades, tools, virtues and vices, diseases, etc.
Such a list constituted a vocabularium or vocabulary. These glosses and vocabularies
were in time thrown together in bundles, at first without any order, and as lists, with-
out losing their individuality. Then came the "first letter order," in which all words
and terms beginning with the letter A were bundled together, still without discrimina-
tion, so that the entire list of words beginning with A, or B, had to be scanned in order
to find a special word. The classification proceeded to an arrangement of the items also
according to the second letter, then the third, etc., until after hundreds of years com-
plete alphabetization came into use. At first the aim had been to explain difficult
Latin words by easier Latin ones; then by English ones, and in the tenth and eleventh
centuries the English equivalents were the rule, and the glossaries were Latin-English.
The first book of this kind to be called a dictionarium, that is a repertory of dictiones
or sayings, was that of Sir Thomas Elyot in 1538, and from that time the word dic-
tionary has supplanted all others ; so much so that it is now the title of any alphabetic
gathering not only of words but of any kind of knowledge whatsoever.

* From the preface to Gould's "A Dictionary of New Medical Terms."

PREFACE vii

Our modern language of medicine is unique in that it is made up of the unchanged
and undigested materials and relics used or contributed during its entire history. The
persisting substratum is Latin, upon which has been placed a mass of pseudogreek
words not physiologicly created nor grown by natural philologic methods, but springing
Minervalike from the brains of thousands of modern Jupiters. These largely bear the
marks of their parentage in characteristics that do not, or should not, beget a spon-
taneous pride of lineage. From a highly variegated medievalism that has, indeed,
never ended, we have taken over another unassimilable conglomerate, and superadded
are thousands of dissimilar terms derived from modern chemistry, biology, bacteriology,
and many other sciences. Each single group of contemporaneous nationalities con-
tributes to the others its share of names, and is itself hard at work endeavoring to fuse
the whole heritage into homogeneity and unity with the amalgam of the spirit of the
general language dominant among its people. The result is a strange hodge-podge of
the medical language of two or more thousand years and of many special national
tongues, in mechanic, not chemic mixture, with modern sounds and symbols, the whole
amazingly heterogeneous and cacophonous. The thirtieth century medical student
will probably be compelled to memorize iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum, etc., and
to write his orders for drugs in a sad mixture of sorry Latin so far as his knowledge will
carry, and then to end it in despair in the vulgar manner of speech of his contempo-
raries. In general biology the law holds that the ontogeny epitomizes and repeats
the phylogeny; but only at the different successive stages of its individual develop-
ment. In medical language the phylum is always present, and there are no successive
stages; there has been no rebirth or inheritance; the ontogeny goes on preserving all
the old origins and accretions, and simply adding the new to them. For this sort of
evolution there is no name (unless Weissmann's immortality theory is applicable), and
its study may be commended to the Darwins and Spencers of the future as a note-
worthy exception to hitherto formulated laws. The result is before us: a huge and
unassimilated philologic mass, many times greater than it should be, the despair of
medical students and of the makers of dictionaries. These word-books, of course,
reproduce the phylogenetic history in the same way, and there is no escape from the
republication of all the methods and most all the words gathered and found useful in
the course of ages. Here with some modifications of detail must be repeated the glosses
and vocabularies of a thousand years ago, the foiled attempts together with the partial
successes at alphabetic arrangement, and lastly the addition of the modern encyclo-
pedia.

The functions of the dictionary-maker have thus become multiplied and varied.
As the gloss-lists and vocable-lists grew into dictionariums and as alphabetization be-
came thoroughgoing, as one after another subject was added to the word-gatherer's
work so our technical dictionary has at last become in part encyclopedic and expository,
its plan and outworking still somewhat subject to the personality, scholarship, and
judgment of the author. It will always remain an open question how far the author
should or may go in giving individual color to his dictionary. Johnson's famous
definitions of excise, lexicographer, oats, pension, pensioner, tory, whig, etc.; Webster's
"Americanism " in spelling; the Century's seconding in various ways the obvious trend-
ing of philologic progress, — these, and many such illustrate the lexicographer's belief
in his own, at least, "limited" free-will.

"Johnson's great work," says Dr. Murray, "raised English lexicography alto-
gether to a higher level. In his hands it became a department of literature." The
technical dictionary of to-day may indeed claim a higher office than that, because no
monograph or text-book comes near the far-reaching and lasting influence of modern
encyclopedic dictionaries. They help more than teacher or text-book to bring order
into the student's forming mind, and to systematize and make definite his knowledge.
In postgraduate life and practice there is no book that is so frequently consulted, and
the teachings of which are so clearly kept in memory. This is because of the validity
of the maxim of Coke.

Solely upon condition, however, that the author has put heart, intellect, and labor
into his work! If he has been content to repeat, copy, and adopt, it will not be so.
And even then only if other repeaters, copiers, and adopters " do not break through and
steal." As has often happened since, dictionary- theft is an ancient story. As long as

viii PREFACE

»

250 years ago Phillips plagiarized the glossographia of Blount. The robbed author
indignantly exposed the shamelessness of the cribber, even of misprints and errors.
But he was not ashamed ! More suo the thief, having no defense, made none, and in-
stead proceeded to correct all the errors pointed out by Blount, and, in many subse-
quent editions, the quack-lexicographer reaped the reward given by a too careless
public.

The ancient injustice would be much manifolded in modern times, with an intensely
progressing science which demands that, if to be of the best service, new editions
of its word-books shall be made every few years. The system must become systematic
and the professing truly professional. No spasmodic, incidental, or amateur methods
will nowadays avail. Revisions are required, and continuous labor, not only of one
but of many, so that helpers, a large corps of them, must be organized, and paid. Over
300 years ago a great worker in this field, one who "contrived and wrought not onelie
for our owne private use, but for the common profet of others," even with the patronage
of great men "who encouraged in this wearie worke" was grieved that "the charges
were so great and the losse of time" so much that he came near having "never bene
able alone to have wrestled against so manie troubles." Finding that "his spiritual
substance had vanished," old Simon Browne "took to an employment which did not
require a soul, and so became a dictionary-maker," piously adding that we should
"thank God for everything and therefore for dictionary makers."

SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Wt Weight.

nj> Minimum Minim.

3 Drachma Dram.

9 Scrupulum Scruple.

§ Uncia Ounce.

. Equal to.

. Infinity, 20 ft. distance. \ 0nt,v<?

. Combined with. J uPtlcs-

2 Applied to Zygoma.

00 Heard, but not Understood.

H Intensity of Magnetic Force.

I Intensity of Magnetism.

Z Contraction (Zuckung).

Z. Z.' Z." Increasing strengths of contraction.

k Magnetic Susceptibility.

ft Magnetic Permeability.

Micron Unit of Microscopic Measurement.

u Ohm.

p Specific Resistance.

£2 Megohm (one-millionth part of an

ohm).

—1 |h- Battery.

+ Plus. Anode or Positive Pole.

— Minus. Kathode or Negative Pole.

> Greater than, as K > A.

< Less than.

0 Degree.

' Inches.

.Foot. Lines; each one-twelfth of
an inch or about two millimeters.

. A mark of affirmation or authenti-
cation.

. A mark of doubt.

Figures or words separated by a
short dash indicate the extremes
of variation, as 5-10" long, few-
many flowered; i. e., varying
from s to 10 lines in length, and
with few to many flowers.

X Used to express magnification, thus

X 1000 indicates a magnification
of i-°T0Q diameters. The im-
proper fraction loToa indicates the
same thing, but is rarely used.

® An annual Herb.

© A biennial Herb.

21 A perennial Herb.

t> An Undershrub, deciduous.

b . . An Undershrub, evergreen.

6 A Shrub, deciduous.

5 A Shrub, evergreen.

S A Tree, deciduous.

t> A Tree, evergreen.

t> An herbaceous Vine, annual or

biennial.

1> A woody Vine, deciduous.

■7 A woody Vine, evergreen.

C A trailing Herb, annual or biennial.

lj A trailing Herb, perennial.

*» An aquatic plant.

g Flowers perfect.

0* A male animal, or a plant or flower

bearing only stamens or anther-
idia.

9 . . A female animal or a plant or flower

bearing only pistils or archegonia.

O A young animal of undetermined

sex, thus o" o, young male, or 9 yg
for young female, but O juv (ju-
venis, young).

0 A monocarpic plant.

O = Cotyledons accumbent.

O II Cotyledons incumbent.

§ A plant introduced and naturalized.

f A plant cultivated for ornament.

J A plant cultivated for use.

8 M^onecious.

0" 9 Diecious.

0* S 9 Polygamus.

o Wanting or none.

oo Numerous or indefinite; more than

twenty when applied to stamens.

a The microsecond represents .001

second or the unit of time in
experiments or psychophysical re-
actions.

THE PRACTITIONER'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY

A. Chemical symbol of argon.

a [&, kv, or d/z, without], i. The Greek letter
alpha, called alpha privative, equivalent to the pre-
fix un- or in-. It denotes absence or want of the
thing or quality expressed by the root of the word.
2. Abbreviation for accommodation, ampere, anode,
anterior, aqua, arteria, total acidity.

aa [&.va., of each]. An abbreviation, written aa,
used in prescriptions to denote repetition of the same
quantity for each item.

aaa. Abbreviation for amalgam.

Aaron's sign (ar'-un) [Charles D. Aaron, Ameri-
can physician, 1866- ] In appendicitis, pressure
over McBurney's point causes distress in the region
of the stomach or heart.

aasmus (a-as'-mus) [aaanos, a breathing out].
Asthma.

A.B. Abbreviation of Ariium Baccalaureus, Bach-
elor of Arts.

ab [ab, from]. A Latin preposition signifying from.

abaca (ab'-ak-ah; sp. pron., ah-vah-kah') . Manila
hemp; also Musa textilis, the plant which produces it.
See hemp.

abactio (ab-ak'-she-o) [abigere, to drive away].
An abortion, or labor, artificially induced.

abactus venter {ab-ak'-tus-ven'-ter) [abigere, to drive
out; venter, the belly]. An abortion procured by
artificial means.

Abadie's sign (ab-ad-e') [J. M. Abadie, French
ophthalmologist, 1842- ]. Spasm of the levator
palpebral superioris in exophthalmic goiter.

abaissement (ah-bds'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. Depres-
sion, falling. 2. Couching.

abalienatio mentis (ab-al-yen-a'-she-o) [see abalie-
nation]. Insanity.

abalienation (ab-al-yen-a'-shun) [ab, away; alienare,
to transfer]. Decay, especially mental decay, in-
sanity.

abalienated (ab-al '-yen-a-ted) [abalienatus, alien-
ated, estranged]. 1. Deranged, or insane. 2. Gang-
renous, or so severely injured as to require ampu-
tation or extirpation.

abanet. See abnet.

abaptiston (ah-bap-tis'-ton) [&, priv.; /3d7i-ru7Tos, im-
mersed]. A trephine so shaped that penetration of
the brain is impossible.

abarthrosis (ab-ar-tkro'-sis) [ab, from; arthrosis, a
joint]. Same as diarthrosis or abarticulation.

abarticular (ab-ar-tik'-u-lar) [ab, from; articulus,
joint]. Not connected with or not situated near a
joint.

abarticulation (ab-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [ab, from;
articulatio, joint]. 1. Same as diarthrosis; sometimes
also a synonym of synarthrosis. 2. A dislocation.

abasia (ah-ba'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; /Sd<m, a step].
Motor incoordination in walking. See astasia.
a. astasia, inability to walk or stand in a normal
manner, a. atactica, a form marked by awkwardness
and uncertainty of movement, a., choreic, that due
to choreic cramps in the legs, a., paralytic, that
form in which the legs give way under the weight of
the body and walking is impossible, a., paroxysmal
trepidant, a form of astasia-abasia (q. v.) in which
trepidation similar to that of spastic paraplegia
stiffens the legs and prevents walking, a., trembling,

incapacity to walk on account of trembling of the
legs.

abasic (ah-ba'-sik) [see abasia]. Pertaining to, or
affected with, abasia.

abatage (ah-bah-tazj') [Fr.]. 1. The slaughter of
an animal to prevent the infection of others. 2. The
art of "casting" an animal preparatory to an opera-
tion.

abatardissement (ah-bah-tar-dees'-mon(g)) [Fr.].
The gradual degeneration or deterioration of a breed
or race.

abatement {a-bdt'-ment). Mitigation or decrease
in severity of pain, or of any untoward symptom or
condition.

abattoir (ah-bat-war') [Fr.]. A slaughter-house or
establishment for the killing and dressing of animals.

abaxial (ab-ak'-se-al) [ab, from; axis, an axle].
Not situated in the line of the axis.

Abbe's catgut rings (ab'-e) [Robert Abbe, New
York surgeon, 1851- ]. Rings composed of 8 or
10 turns of heavy catgut in the shape of an oval,
with inside diameter of two inches, for use in intestinal
anastomosis. A.'s operation, lateral anastomosis of
intestine with catgut rings. A.'s string-method,
cutting through an esophageal stricture by the
sawing action of a string one end of which passes
through the mouth and the other end through an
opening in the stomach.

Abbe's condenser, A.'s illuminator (ab'-ba) [Ernst
Abbe, German physicist, 1845-1905]. A system of
lenses attached to a microscope for condensing the
light upon an object. A.'s, lenses, apochromatic,
see apochromatic lens. A.'s test-plate, an instrument
for testing microscopic objectives for spherical and
chromatic aberration, composed of a microscopic
slide with 6 cover-glasses ranging from 0.09 to 0.024
mm. thick, silvered on one side. Delicate, parallel,
ruled lines are cut through the silver film, thus
making a kind of micrometer with transparent rulings.

Abbott's method (ab'-ot) [Edville G. Abbott,
American orthopedist, 1872- ]. For treatment of
scoliosis: — overcorrection by means of plaster jackets
and bandages.

A.B.C. liniment. Compound liniment of aconite.
It contains liniment of aconite 40, liniment of bella-
donna 40, and chloroform 20.

A.B.C. process. A process for the deodorization
of sewage by the addition of a mixture of alum, blood,
and charcoal.

Abderhalden's test for pregnancy (ab'-der-hahl-
den) [Emil Abderhalden, Swiss physiologist and
chemist, 1877- ]. During pregnancy microscopic
portions of the chorionic villi enter the maternal
blood and cause the production of protective ferments
which may be detected in the serum by an optical
method and a dialyzation method. The ferments
disappear within a short time after delivery or
abortion.

abdomen {ab-do'-men) [abdere, to hide]. The
large inferior cavity of the trunk, extending from
the brim of the pelvis to the diaphragm, and bounded
in front and at the sides by the lower ribs and ab-
dominal muscles, and behind by the vertebral column,
the psoas and the quadratus lumborum muscles. It
is artificially divided into 9 regions by two circular

ABDOMINAL

ABERRATION

lines, the upper parallel with the cartilages of the
.ninth ribs, the lower with the iliac crests, and by
two lines drawn vertically upwards from the center
of Poupart's ligament. These lines are differently
situated by different writers. The regions thus
formed are, above, the right hypochondriac, the
epigastric, and the left hypochondriac; in the middle,
the right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar; and
below, the right inguinal, the hypogastric, and the
left inguinal, a., accordion, Kaplan's term for a
swelling of the abdomen attended with flattening of
the arch of the diaphragm and increased respiration.
It is not due to the presence of gas or to tumor, and
disappears under anesthesia; nervous pseudotympany.
a., acute, any acute abdominal condition requiring
prompt operation, a., boat-shaped, a., carinate, see
under scaphoid, a. obstipum, congenital shortening
of the rectus abdominis muscle, a., pendulous, a
relaxed condition of the abdominal walls in which
the latter hang down over the pubis, a., scaphoid,
see under scaphoid, a., uncinate, one in which the
terminal segments and those next to them are turned
under the others.

abdominal (ab-dom'-in-al) [abdomen]. Pertaining
to or connected with the abdomen, a. aneurysm,
see aneurysm, sl. aorta, the part of the aorta below,
the diaphragm, a. aponeurosis, see aponeurosis.
a. bandage, see a. binder, a. binder, a broad bandage
of muslin or flannel applied to the abdomen for
making pressure after delivery or after an operation.
Sometimes a many-tailed bandage is used. a. brain,
the solar plexus, a. breathing, see a. respiration.
a. cavity, the cavity within the peritoneum, a. com-
press, a form of local pack, made by forming folds
of a coarse linen towel of sufficient breadth to reach
from the ensiform cartilage to the pubis; one of the
folds is then wrung out of cold water, applied, and
the remainder is rolled around the body so as to
retain it in position, a. dropsy, ascites. a.
ganglia, the semilunar ganglia, a. gestation, see
pregnancy, extrauterine, a. hysteria, a hysteric
condition simulating peritonitis, in which the ab-
domen becomes extremely painful to the touch,
swollen, and distended with gas. a. line, the linea
alba. a. lines, muscle tracings on the abdominal
walls, a. muscles, the internal and external ob-
liques, the transversalis, rectus, pyramidalis, and
quadratus lumborum. a. phthisis, tuberculous
disease of the intestines or peritoneum, a. press,
see prelum abdominale. a. reflex, see reflexes, a.
regions, see abdomen, a. respiration, respiration

m wm

Abdominal Regions.

carried on chiefly by the diaphragm and abdominal
muscles, a. ring, external, a triangular opening in
the fibers of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
muscle, transmitting the spermatic cord of the male
and the round ligament of the female, a. ring,
internal, an oval aperture in the fascia transversalis
that transmits the spermatic cord of the male and
the round ligament of the female, a. section, see
celiotomy, a. surgery, the branch of surgery that
deals with the lesions of the abdominal viscera and
the operations performed upon them through inci-
sions in the abdominal walls, a. typhus, enteric
fever, a. viscera, the organs contained in the
abdominal cavity.

abdominoanterior (ab-dom-in-o-an-te'-re-or). Hav-
ing the belly forward (used of the fetus in the womb) .

abdominocystic (ab-dom-in-o-sis'-tik) [abdomen;

wans, bladder]. Relating to the abdomen and
bladder.

abdominogenital (ab-dom-in-o-jen'-il-al). Relating
to the abdomen and the genitalia, a. nerve, inferior,
the ilioinguinal nerve, a. nerve, superior, the
iliohypogastric nerve.

abdominohysterectomy (ab-dom-in-o-his-ter-ek' '-to-
me). Removal of the uterus through an abdominal
incision.

abdominohysterotomy (ab-dom-in-o-his-ter-ot'-o-
me). Hysterotomy through an abdominal incision.

abdominoposterior (ab-dom-in-o-pos-te' '-re-or) .

Having the belly toward the mother's back (used
of the fetus in the womb).

abdominoscopy (ab-dom-in-os'-ko-pe) [abdomen;
GKoireiv, to examine]. Examination of the abdomen
for diagnostic purposes, by inspection, palpation,
measurement, percussion, etc.

abdominoscrotal (ab-dom-in-o-skro'-tal). Relating
to the abdomen and the scrotum, a. muscle, the
cremaster muscle.

abdominothoracic (ab-dom-in-o-tho-ras'-ik). Re-
lating to the abdomen and thorax.

abdominous (ab-dom'-in-us). Having a large ab-
domen.

abdominouterotomy (ab-dom-in-o-u-ter-ot'-o-me) .
See abdominohysterotomy.

abdominovaginal iab-dom-in-o-vaj' -in-al) . Relat-
ing to the abdomen and the vagina.

abdominovesical (ab-dom-in-o-ves'-ik-al). Relating
to the abdomen and the urinary bladder, a. pouch,
a fold of the peritoneum in which are comprised the
urachal fossae.

abduce (ab-diis') [ab, away; ducere, to lead]. To
draw away, as by an abductor muscle.

abducens (ab-dii'-senz) [L., "leading away"].
A term applied to certain muscles, or their nerves,
that draw the related part from the median line of
the body. Also, the sixth pair of nerves supplying
the external recti of the eyes. a. labiorum, same as
a. oris. sl. oculi, the external rectus muscle of the
eye. a. oris, the levator anguli oris muscle.

abduct (ab-dukf) [abducere, to lead away]. To
draw away from the median line.

abduction (ab-duk'-shun) [ab, from; ducere, to
lead], i. The withdrawal of a part from the axis
of the body. 2. The recession or separation from
each other of the parts of a fractured bone or the
sides of a wound.

abductor (ab-duk'-tor). See abducens. a. auris,
the abductor muscle of the ear. a. digiti (dij'-it-i)
quin'ti, hallu'cis, in'dicis, min'imi digiti, pol'licis,
see muscles, table of.

abenteric (ab-en-ter'-ik) [ab, from; ivrkpov, intes-
tine]. Outside the intestine; involving or pertaining
to organs or parts other than intestinal, a. typhoid,
see under typhoid.

abepithymia (ab-ep-e-thi'-me-ah) [ab, from; iin6vfj.La
longing]. 1. A perverted longing, or desire. 2.
Paralysis of the solar plexus (the diaphragm formerly
was regarded as the seat of the soul [dv/ios], and of
the desires).

Abernethy's fascia [John Abernethy, English
surgeon, 1764-1831]. The subperitoneal areolar
tissue that separates the external iliac artery from
the iliac fascia overlying the psoas. A.'s operation,
for ligation of the external iliac artery. In the earlier
operation an incision was made in the line of the
artery for about three inches, commencing nearly
four inches above Poupart's ligament. Later the
incision was less nearly vertical and more curved,
with the convexity downward and outward, extending
from about one inch within and one inch above the
anterior superior spine to one and one-half inches
above, and external to, the center of Poupart's liga-
ment. A.'s sarcoma, a circumscribed fatty tumor
found chiefly on the trunk.

aberrant (ab-er'-anf) [ab, from; err are, to wander].
Deviating from the normal or regular type in appear-
ance, structure, course, etc., as the aberrant duct of
the testis or liver, aberrant arteries, etc. a. arteries,
long, slender vessels connected with the brachial or
axillary artery.

aberratio humorum {ab-er-a'-she-o) [see aberrant].
An abnormal tendency or direction of blood or other
fluid to a part; as in vicarious menstruation, a. lac-
tis, milk metastasis; see galactoplania. a. mensium,
a. menstruorum, see menstruation, vicarious.

aberration {ab-er-a'-shun) [see aberrant]. Devi-
ation from the normal; mental derangement; fetal

ABEVACUATION

ABORTION

malformation; vicarious menstruation; escape of the
fluids of the body by an unnatural channel. In
optics, any imperfection of focalization or refraction
of a lens, a., chromatic, the dispersion arising from
unequal refraction of light of different parts of the
spectrum. The violet rays, being more refrangible
than the red rays, are brought to a focus nearer the
lens, and the image is surrounded by a halo of colors.
a., dioptric, see a., spherical, a., distantial, indistinct
vision due to distance, a., lateral, a deviation of a
ray in any direction from the axis measured in the
focal plane perpendicularly to the axis, a., longi-
tudinal, a deviation of a ray from the focus, measured
along the axis above or below the focal plane, a.,
mental, a degree of paranoia that may or may not
amount to insanity, a., Newtonian, same as a.,
chromatic, a., spherical, the excess of refraction of
the peripheral part of a convex lens over the central
part, producing an imperfect focus and a blurred
image.

abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a'-shun) [ab, from; evacu-
ation], i. A morbid evacuation; an excessive or
deficient discharge. 2. The passage of matter from
one organ or cavity into another; metastasis.

abeyance (ab-a'-ans) [O. Fr., for "open-mouthed
expectation"]. A suspension of activity, or of
function; a state of suspended animation, or action.

Abies (a'-be-ez) [L.]. A genus of coniferous plants
including the fir, hemlock, and spruce. A. balsamea,
silver fir, balsam-fir, or balm of Gilead, a tree of the
nat. ord. Coniferce, from which is derived Canada
balsam. A. canadensis, hemlock-spruce; bark of
the Canadian fir-tree. It is used as an astringent in
various local and internal conditions. It yields
Canada pitch. A. excelsa, Norway spruce. It
yields Burgundy pitch. A. pectinata, the European
silver fir. Its buds are resinous, balsamic, and sud-
orific.

abietene (ab-i'-et-en), C7H16. A hydrocarbon
obtained from Pinus sabiniana, a California nut-
pine. It is an aromatic, volatile liquid, agreeing in
composition with normal heptane. Syn., erasene.

abietic, abietinic (ab-i-et'-ik, ab-i-et-in'-ik) [Abies].
Pertaining to the genus Abies, as abietic acid, C44H64-
O5 or C20H30O2, occurring in the resin of Abies excelsa
and Larix europcea.

abietin (ab-i'-et-in) [Abies]. A resinous principle
obtained from the turpentine of various species of
pine and fir. a. anhydride, C44H62O4, the main
constituent of resin.

abietite (ab-i'-et-it), CeHgOs. A sugar resembling
mannite, found in the needles of the European silver
fir, Abies pectinata.

abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'-es-is) [&, priv.; /Si'os, life;
genesis]. The (theoretic) production of living by
nonliving matter. The older term was spontaneous
generation.

abiogenetic, abiogenous (ab-i-o-jen-et'-ik, ab-i-oj'-
en-us). Pertaining to abiogenesis; characterized by
spontaneous generation.

abiogeny (ab-i-oj'-en-e). See abiogenesis.

abiological (ah-bi-o-loj'-ik-al) [a, priv.; /3ios, life;
\6yos, treatise]. Not pertaining to biology.

abiosis (ab-i-o'-sis) [a, priv.; /3tos, life]. The
absence of life.

abiotic (ab-i-ot'-ik). Opposed to, or incapable of,
or incompatible with life.

abiotrophy (ab-i-of -ro-fe) [&, priv.; QLos, life;
Tp6<f>r}, nourishment]. Degeneration or decay due to
defective vital endurance.

abirritant (ab-ir' -it-ant) [ab, from; irrilare, to
irritate]. 1. Tending to diminish irritation ; soothing.
2. Relating to diminished sensitiveness. 3. A rem-
edy or agent that allays irritation.

abirritation (ab-ir-it-a' -shun) [see abirritant]. Di-
minished tissue-irritability; atony or asthenia.

abjoint (ab-joint') [abjungere, to separate]. To
separate by means of a joint or septum.

abjunction (ab-jungk'-shun) [see abjoint]. The
separation by means of a joint or septum, as of spores
from a growing hypha in some fungi.

ablactation (ab-lak-ta'-shun) [ab, from; lactare, to
give suck]. The weaning of a child. The end of the
suckling period.

ablastemic (ah-blas-tem'-ik) [d, priv.; pXatrrrina, a
shoot]. Non-germinal; in no way related to germina-
tion.

ablastous (ah-blas'-tus) [o/3\a<rros, not budding,
sterile]. In biology, producing no germs or buds.
Sterile.

ablate (ab-lat') [ab, from; latum, from ferre, to
carry]. To remove; to cut off.

ablation (ab-la'-shun) [see ablate]. Removal of a
part, as a tumor, by amputation, excision, etc.

ablatio retinae (ab-la'-she-o ret'-in-e). Detachment
of the retina.

ablepharia, ablepharon (ah-blef-a'-re-ah, ah-blef-
ar-on) [&, priv.; fi\k<j>a.pov , the eyelid]. A congenital
condition in which there is a total absence either of
eyelids or of the interpalpebral fissure, a., partial,
a congenital defect in one or more of the eyelids.
a., total, a congenital condition in which there is
either a total absence of eyelids or the interpalpebral
fissure.

ablepharous (ah-blef'-ar-us) [see ablepharia]. With-
out eyelids.

ablepharus (ah-blef'-ar-us). An individual affected
with ablepharia.

ablepsia, ablepsy (ah-blep'-se-ah, ah-blep'-se)
[d/3Xei/aa, without sight]. 1. Blindness. 2. Dulness
of perception.

abluent (ab'-lu-ent) [abluere, to wash away].
Detergent. That which cleanses or washes away.

ablution (ab-lu'-shun) [see abluent]. Washing or
cleansing the body. Separation of chemical im-
purities by washing.

abmortal (ab-mor'-tat) [ab, from; mors, death].
Passing from dead or dying to living muscular fiber
(used of electric currents).

abnerval (ab-ner'-val) [ab, from; nervus, a sinew].
Passing from a nerve (used of electric currents in
muscular fiber).

abnet (ab'-nel) [Hebr., a girdle]. A girdle, or
girdleshaped bandage.

abneural (ab-nu'-ral) [ab, from; vevpov, nerve].
Pertaining to a part remote from the neural or
dorsal aspect; ventral. ^

abnormal (ab-nor'-mal) [ab, away from; norma,
a rule]. Not normal; not conformable with nature
or with the general rule.

abnormalism (ab-nor' -mal-izm) [abnormal]. 1. Ab-
normality. 2. An abnormal thing or structure.

abnormality, abnormity (ab-nor-mal'-it-e, ab-nor'-
mit-e). The quality of being abnormal; a deformity
or malformation.

aboiement (ah-bwah-mon' (g)) [Fr.]. Barking; the
involuntary utterance of barking sounds.

abolition (ab-o-lish'-un) [abolitio]. Destruction;
cessation; suspension, as of a physiological function.

abolitionism (ab-o-lish' -un-izm) [abolitio, an abol-
ishing]. A movement originating in England to
abolish the regulation and control of prostitution by
the health-officers. Also applied to the movement
to abolish vivisection.

abomasum, abomasus (ab-o-ma'-sum, ab-o-ma'-sus)
[ab, away; omasum, paunch]. The reed or proper
digestive stomach of ruminating mammals; also
called "fourth," or "true," stomach.

aborad (ab-o'-rad) [ab, away from; os, mouth].
Away from the mouth; in an aboral situation or
direction.

aboral (ab-o'-ral) [ab, away from; os, the mouth].
Opposite to, or remote from, the mouth.

aborigines (ab-or-ij'-in-ez) [ab, from; origo, origin,
beginning]. Primitive, autochthonous, native, in-
digenous.

abort (ab-orf) [ab, from; ortus, from oriri, to grow].

1. To miscarry; to expel the fetus before it is viable.

2. To prevent full development, as of a disease.

3. To come short of full_ development.

aborticide (ab-or' -tis-id) [abortus; ccedere, to kill].
1. The killing of the unborn fetus. 2. The means of
killing the fetus. 3. Causing the destruction of a
fetus.

abortient (ab-or' -sheni) [see abort]. Abortive;
abortifacient.

abortifacient (ab-or-te-fa'-shent) [abortus; facere,
to make]. 1. Causing abortion. 2. A drug or
agent inducing the expulsion of the fetus.

abortion (ab-or' -shun) [abortus, a miscarriage].
The expulsion of the ovum before the child is viable;
that is, any time before the end of the sixth month.
By some authors expulsion of the ovum during the
first 3 months is termed abortion; from this time to
viability it is termed immature delivery, or mis-
carriage, and from the period of viability to that of
maturity, premature delivery, a., accidental, see
a., spontaneous, a., artificial, that produced in-
tentionally, a., criminal, that not demanded for
therapeutic reasons, a., embryonic, abortion up to

ABORTIONIST

ABSCESS

the fourth month, a., epidemic, the occurrence of
many cases at about the same time, due to wide-
spread distress, excitement, or privation, or to some
form of poisoning, such as ergotism, a., fetal, abor-
tion after the fourth month, a., habitual, repeated
abortion in successive pregnancies, usually due to
syphilis, a., incomplete, when the membranes or
the placenta is retained, a., induced, see a., arti-
ficial, a., inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is
dead, or when there is an extensive detachment or
rupture of the ovum, a., justifiable, same as a.,
therapeutic, a., missed, the death of the fetus and
not followed within two weeks by its expulsion.
a., ovular, abortion within three weeks after con-
ception, a., partial, the premature loss of one fetus
in a case of multiple gestation, a., spontaneous,
that not induced by artificial means, a., therapeu'tic,
induced abortion to save the mother's life, a., tubal,
the escape of a fertilized ovum through the abdominal
opening of the oviduct into the peritoneal cavity.

abortionist (ab-or'-shun-ist) [see abortion]. One
who criminally produces abortions; especially one
who follows the business of producing abortions.

abortive {ab-or'-tiv) [see abortion]. Prematurely
born; coming to an untimely end; incompletely
developed; cutting short the course of a disease;
abortifacient.

abortus (ab-or'-tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus;
abortion.

abouchement (ab-oosh'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The ter-
mination of a small vessel in a larger one.

aboulia (ah-boo'-le-ah). See abulia.

aboulomania (ah-boo-lo-ma'-ne'ah). See abulo-
mania.

ab ovo (ab o'-vo) [L.]. In biology, from the egg;
from the beginning.

abrachia (ah-bra'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; Ppaxlow, arm].
The condition of an armless monster.

abrachiocephalia (ah-bra-ke-o-sef-a'-le-ah) [abra-
chia; «e0aXi7 head]. Headless and armless.

abrachiocephalus (ab-rdk-e-o-sef -al-us) [abrachia;
Ke<j>a\r), head]. A headless and armless monster.

abrachius (ah-bra'-ke-us). See abrachia.

abrade (a-brad') [abradere, to rub off]. To remove
by friction or chafing; to roughen by friction.

abraham (a' -bra-ham). To sham; to feign sickness
or lunacy. A.-man, i. A mendicant lunatic from
the Abraham Ward of Bethlehem Hospital, London;
they bore a distinctive badge. 2. An impostor who
feigned to be a lunatic and begged in the guise of an
Abraham man.

abrasio (ab-ra'-ze-o) [L.]. An abrasion, a. cor-
neal, a scraping off of the superficial epithelium of
the cornea, a. dentium, wearing away of teeth.

abrasion (ab-ra'-zhun) [ab, priv.; radere, to rub].
Excoriation of the cutaneous or mucous surface by
mechanical means. In dentistry, the wearing away
of the dentine and enamel, or the cutting edges of
the teeth, whether by mechanical or chemical means.

abrasor (ab-ra'-zor) [L., "abrader"]. A surgeon's
rasp or xyster; any file or instrument used in the
surgical or dental abrasion of a surface; also, a rasp
used in pharmacy.

abrastol (ab-rast'-ol). See asaprol.

abrin (ab'-rin). A phytotoxin obtained from the
Abrus precatorius; its action is similar to that of ricin,
but is less poisonous.

abrosia (ab-ro'-ze-ah) [aPpuala, fasting]. Want of
food; fasting.

abrotanum (ab-rot'-an-um) [hfipoTovov, an aromatic
plant]. The plant called southern-wood, Artemisia
abrotanum.

abruptio [L.]. Abruption; a tearing away. a.
placentae, premature detachment of the placenta.

abruption (ab-rup'-shun) [ab, away from; and
rumpere, to break]. 1. A rupture or tearing asunder.
2. A transverse fracture.

Abrus (a'-brus) [afipos, pretty]. Jequirity; Indian
licorice. The seeds of A. precatorius, or wild licorice.
Its properties are thought to be due to the presence
of certain ferments. See abrin. Infusions applied
to the conjunctiva or to any mucous surface induce
violent purulent inflammation with growth of false
membrane. It is used in producing artificial con-
junctivitis.

abscess, abscessus (ab'-ses, ab-ses'-us) [abscessus,
a departure or separation]. A localized collection of
pus surrounded by a wall of lymph. Syn., ecpyema;
gathering. According to location, abscesses are
named dorsal, mammary, ischiorectal, perityphlitic,

retropharyngeal, etc. a., acute, one resulting from an
acute inflammation of the part in which it is formed.
Syn., abscessus per fluxum. a.; alveolar, abscess in
the gum or alveolus, a. amebic, a variety of abscess
found in the liver and lung and containing amebae.
a., anorectal, one of the celluloadipose tissue near
the anus, a., arthrifluent, a wandering abscess
having its origin in a diseased joint, abscessus
arthriticus, Musgrave's term for intestinal abscesses
due to "gouty dysentery." a., atheromatous, an
area of softening in the wall of a vessel the result of
sclerotic endarteritis, a., bicameral, one with two
pockets, a., biliary, one connected with the gall-
bladder or a bile-duct, a., bursal, abscess in a
bursa, a., canalicular, mammary abscess that com-
municates with a milk-duct, abscessus carniformis,
Severinus' name for a hard sarcoma of the joints.
a., chronic, a., cold, one of slow and apparently non-
inflammatory development, generally about a bone,
joint, or gland. It is usually tuberculous and con-
tains cheesy material, a., circumscribed, one that is
limited by an exudation of lymph, a., cold, see a.,
chronic, a., congestive, one in which the pus appears
at a point distant from where it is formed, a., em-
bolic, one formed at the seat of a septic embolus.
a., fecal, one in the rectum or large intestine, a.,
fixation, an abscess produced by the subcutaneous
injection of an irritant as a treatment of grave septi-
cemia, a., glandular, one formed about a lymph-
gland, a., gravitation, one in which pus formed in one
part of the body tends to migrate, usually to portions
deeper or lower down, in the direction gravity would
take it. a., hematic, one due to an extravasated
blood-clot, a., hemorrhagic, one containing blood.
a., idiopathic, one not attributable to any disease.
a., iliac, a wandering abscess of the iliac region.
a., infecting mitral, one due to a lymph embolus
caused by endocarditis, a., intramastoid, one of the
mastoid process of the temporal bone, a., ischio-
rectal, one in the ischiorectal fossa, a., lacunar, one
in the urethral lacuna?, a., lumbar, a wandering
abscess of the lumbar region, a., lymphatic. 1. The
suppuration of a lymphatic gland. 2. An enlarged
bursa mucosa, a., mammary, one in the female
breast, a., marginal, one located near the anal
orifice, a., mastoid, suppuration occurring in the
cells of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone,
a., metastatic, an abscess secondary to pyemia and
ulcerative endocarditis, but not occurring through
septicemia. It is usually of embolic origin and gen-
erally located in the lungs and liver, a., miliary, a
small embolic abscess, a., milk, a mammary abscess
occurring during lactation. a., otic cerebral, a.,
otitic cerebral, an abscess of the brain following a
purulent disease of the inner ear. a., parametric,
a., parametritic, a form occurring frequently between
the folds of the broad ligament of the uterus or in
the neighboring cellular tissue, a., paranephric,
a., paranephritic, one occurring in the tissues about
the kidney, a., perimetric, a., perimetritic, pus
within the peritoneum originating from inflammation
of the peritoneal covering of the uterus, a., peri-
nephric, a., perinephritic, one occurring in the region
immediately surrounding the kidney, a., peri-
pleuritic, one that occurs beneath the parietal pleura
as the result of pleurisy, a diseased rib, or an injury.
a., periproctitic, one in the loose areolar tissue sur-
rounding the lower part of the rectum, a., peritoneal,
a collection of softened exudate which has become
encysted in cases of peritonitis, a., peritonsillar,
one that forms in acute tonsillitis around one or
both tonsils, a., phlegmonous, an acute abscess.
abscessus pneumococcalis, one due to infection by
pneumococci. a., postcecal, one located back of the
cecum, a., posttyphoid, chronic abscess following
typhoid, a., prelacrimal, an abscess due to caries of
the lacrimal or the ethmoid bone, producing a swell-
ing at the inner canthus immediately below the
upper margin of the orbit, a., primary, one formed at
the seat of pyogenic infection, a., psoas, one arising
from disease of the lumbar or lower dorsal vertebra?,
the pus descending in the sheath of the muscle, and
usually pointing beneath Poupart's ligament, a.,
pyemic, see pyemia, a., residual, one formed in or
about the residues of former inflammation. A.-root,
the root of Polemonium replans; alterative, astringent,
and expectorant, a., scrofulous, one due to tuber-
culous degeneration of bone or lymph-glands, a.,
secondary, same as a., embolic, a., septicemic, one
resulting from septic infection or accompanying

ABSCESSED

ABSTRACTION

septicemia, a., shirtstud, two abscesses communi-
cating by means of a sinus, a., spermatic, one
involving the seminiferous tubules, a., spinal, one
due to necrosis or disease of a vertebra, a., spirillar,
Verneuil's name for an abscess containing spirilla
from the saliva, a., stitch, one formed about a
stitch or suture, a., subaponeurotic, one beneath an
aponeurosis or fascia, a., subareolar, one beneath
the alveolar epithelium of the nipple, a., subfascial,
one beneath a fascia; postfascial abscess, a., sub-
mammary, one lying between the mammary gland
and the chest-wall. Syn., postmammary abscess;
retromammary abscess, a., subpectoral, one beneath
the chest muscles, a., subperitoneal, one arising
between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal
wall. Syn., preperitoneal abscess, a., subphrenic,
one located beneath the diaphragm, a., sudori-
parous, an abscess due to inflammation of obstructed
sweat-glands, a., sympathetic, a secondary or
metastatic abscess at a distance from the part at
which the exciting cause has acted (e. g., a bubo).
a., thecal, one in the sheath of a tendon, a., tuber-
culous, see a., chronic, a., tympanitic, one containing
gas generated by putrefaction. Syn., abscessus
flatuosus; gas abscess, a., urethral, i. Suppuration
of a urethral lacuna; a lacunar abscess. 2. One
involving the circumurethral tissue, a., urinary, one
resulting from extravasation of urine, a., urinous,
one containing urine mingled with the pus. a.,
verminous, a., worm, one containing intestinal
worms, from communication with the intestine.
a., wandering, one in which the pus has traveled
along the connective tissue spaces and points at some
locality distant from its origin. Syn., hypostatic
abscess; abscessus per congestum; abscessus per
decubitum.

abscessed (ab'sesd). Affected with or caused by
an abscess, as "abscessed teeth."

abscession (absesh'-un) [abscessio, departure].
I. An abscess; a critical discharge. 2. Metastasis.

abscissae (absis'se) [ab, away; scindere, to cut].
The transverse lines cutting vertical ones at right
angles, to show by a diagram the relations of two
series of facts, as, e. g., the number of pulse-beats or
the temperature record in given periods of time.

abscission (absish'-un) [see abscissa). Removal
of a part by cutting; or the suppression of a physio-
logical function.

absconsio (abskon'se-o) [abscondere, to hide].
A sinus or cavity whether normal or pathological.

absence (of mind) (ab'sens) [absentia, absence].
Inattention to surroundings; in marked instances it
may be a result of central lesions. It is often seen
in epileptics and melancholiacs.

absentia epileptica (ab-sen'-she-ah ep-il-ep' -tik-ah) .
Brief losses of consciousness occurring in the mild
form of epilepsy.

abs. feb. Abbreviation of absente febre [L.]. In
the absence of fever.

absinthe (ab'sinth). See under absinthium.

absinthiate (absin'-the-at). A salt of absinthic
acid.

absintbiated (ab-sin'-the-a-ted). 1. Mixed with
absinthe. 2. Containing wormwood.

absintbin (absinth' -in) [absinthium]. A bitter
crystalline principle obtainable from wormwood.
See absinthium.

absinthism (ab-sinth'-izm). A disease similar to
alcoholism, the result of the excessive use of absinthe.
It is characterized by general muscular debility and
mental disturbances, that may proceed to convulsions,
acute mania, or general paralysis.

absinthium (ab-sinth'-e-um) [L.]. Wormwood.
The leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium. Absin-
thium contains a volatile oil and an intensely bitter
principle, absinthin, C20H28O4, which is a narcotic
poison. Absinthium increases cardiac action and
produces tremor and epileptiform convulsions.
Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.) in infusion. It is used
as a stomachic tonic. Absinthe, a French liqueur,
is an alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with oils
of anise, marjoram, and other aromatic oils.

absinthol (ab-sinth'-ol), CioHieO. The principal
constituent of oil of wormwood; it is isomeric with
ordinary camphor.

absolute (ab'so-lut) [absolvere, to complete]. Per-
fect, entire, unconditional, a. alcohol, see alcohol.
a. temperature, see temperature, a. zero, see zero.

absorb (absorb') [absorbere, to suck up]. To suck
up or imbibe; to take within one's self.

absorbefacient (absorb-e-fa'shent) [absorptio, ab-
sorption; facer e, to make]. Favoring or tending to
produce absorption.

absorbent (absor'-bent) [see absorb]. 1. Absorb-
ing; capable of absorbing. 2. An organ or part that
absorbs. 3. A term applied to the lacteals and
lymphatics. 4. In materia medica, a drug or medi-
cine that produces absorption of diseased tissue.
a. cotton, see cotton, a. glands, see lymphatics.
a. system, the lacteals and lymphatics with their
associated glands.

absorptio (absorp'she-o) [see absorb], a. mor-
bosa, see absorption, excrementitial (2). a. pulmon-
alis, see absorption, pulmonary, a. sana, see absorp-
tion, physiological.

absorptiometer (absorpshe-om'-et-er) [absorption;
fikrpov, a measure]. A device for measuring the
thickness of the layer of liquid that is taken up
between two glass plates by capillary attraction.
Used in conjunction with a spectrophotometer, it
serves as a hematoscope.

absorption (absorp'shun) [see absorb]. The
permeation or imbibition of one body by another.
a., chylous, the act or process of the entrance of the
oil-globules of the chyle into the central canals of
the intestinal villi, a., coefficient of, that number
which represents the volume of a gas absorbed by a
unit volume of water at o° C. and at a barometric
pressure of 760 mm. a., cutaneous, absorption by
the skin, a., disjunctive, the removal of living tissue
around a necrosed mass, and its consequent sepa-
ration from its surroundings. a., excrementitial.

1. The absorption of fluid excretions by the mucosa.

2. The absorption of excretions or morbid products
(bile, pus) by the blood. Syn., pathological absorption;
absorptio morbosa. a., external, the taking up by
the skin or mucous surfaces of pabulum or medication
applied to the exterior of the body or of an organ.
a., internal. 1. The absorption of waste-products
by the tissues; absorption of decomposition of dis-
assimilation. 2. The taking up of pabulum by the
tissues; absorption of nutrition; molecular, nutritive,
organic absorption, a., interstitial, the removal by
the absorbent system of effete matters, a. lines,
a. bands, dark lines of the spectrum, called Fraun-
hofer's lines, caused by the arrest or absorption of
the ethereal waves of certain lengths and rapidities,
mainly by vapors of the sun's atmosphere, a.,
lymphatic, that which occurs in lymphatic vessels.
a. method, to determine whether or not hematuria
is due to lesion of the bladder. It is based on the
fact that the undenuded surface of the bladder will
not absorb foreign substances. Fifteen grains of
potassium iodide are injected into the bladder, and
fifteen minutes later the saliva is examined for iodine.
If found, it is an indication of an Unhealthy state of
the bladder, a., molecular, a., nutritive, a., organic,
see a., internal (2). a., pathological, see a., excre-
mentitial (2). a., physiological, a phenomenon forming
an important part of the digestive process, caused
in part by the vital activity of the epithelial cells
and in part by the physical laws of imbibition,
diffusion, and osmosis. Syn., absorptio sana. a.,
progressive, atrophy of a part due to pressure.
a., pulmonary, the taking up of oxygen, or of vapors
(as of ether), by the lungs, a., purulent, 1. a.,
excrementitial (2). 2. pyemia, a., recrementitial,
the absorption of surplus secretions, a., respiratory,
see a., pulmonary, a. spectrum, a spectrum showing
black lines where colors have been absorbed by the
transmitting medium, a. tube, see under tube.
a., ulcerative, that by which an ulcer forms or
extends its area, a., venous, absorption bv the veins.

absorptive (absorp'-tiv) [see absorb]. Having the
power or function of absorbing.

abstergent (abster'-jent) [abs, from; tergere, to
cleanse]. 1. Cleansing; detergent. 2. A cleansing
agent. See detergent.

abstersive (abster'siv) [abslersivus]. Abstergent.

abstinence (ab'stin-ens) [abs, from; tenere, to hold
or keep]. Privation or self-denial in regard to food,
liquors, etc. See fasting.

abstract (ab'strakt) [abstrahere, to draw away].
In pharmacy, a solid preparation containing the
soluble principles of a drug evaporated and mixed
with sugar of milk.

abstraction (abslrak'shun) [abstr actio, a drawing
away]. 1. Blood-letting. 2. Attention to one idea
to the exclusion of others. 3. In pharmacy, the
process of distillation.

ABSTRACTUM

ACATASTASIA

abstractum (ab-strak'-tum) [pi., abstracta]. An
abstract. See abstract.

abterminal (ab-ter' -min-al) [ab, from; terminus,
end]. Passing from tendinous into muscular tissue
(used of electric currents).

abulia (ah-boo'-le-ah) [d, priv.; (lovXri, will]. Loss
or defect of will-power.

abulic (ah-boo'-lik) [see abulia]. Characterized by
or affected with abulia.

abulomania (ah-boo'-lo-ma'-ne-ah) [abulia; fiavia,
madness]. A disease of the mind characterized by
imperfect or lost will-power.

abuse (ab-us') [abusus, a using up], i. Misuse or
overuse. 2. Rape, a., self-, masturbation.

abvacuation (ab-vak-u-a'-shun). Same as abe-
vacuation, g. v.

a.c. Abbreviation of the Latin ante cibum, before
meals.- Also abbreviation of air-conduction.

acacanthrax (ak-ah-kan'-thraks) [a, priv.; kclkos,
bad; dv0pa£, a carbuncle: pi., acacanthraces]. Non-
malignant anthrax.

Acacia (ah-ka'-she-ah) [L.]. 1. A large genus of
leguminous trees, shrubs, and herbs, many of them
Australian or African. A number of the species are
medicinal, and some are poisonous. The bark is
usually very astringent. 2. Gum-arabic, which is
produced by various species — A. lebbek, A. nilotica,
A. vera, and A. verek. A. Senegal also furnishes
gum-arabic, a nearly white, transparent gum,
soluble in water. It is used in the manufacture of
mucilage, and contains arabin, C12H22O11, identical
in composition with cane-sugar, a. anthelmintica,
see mussanin. a. catechu, see catechu, a., mucilage
of (mucilago acacia, U. S. P.), acacia, 34; water, to
make 100 parts; incompatible with alcoholic tinc-
tures, a., syrup of (syrupus acacia, U. S. P.),
mucilage, 25; simple syrup, 75. It is used in various
mixtures as a demulcent and to suspend insoluble
powders.

Acalypha (ah-kal'-if-ah) [d/caXD^s, unveiled]. A
genus of euphorbiaceous plants. A. fruticosa, of
India, is useful in dyspepsia and diarrhea, and is
tonic and alterant. A. hispida has similar uses.
A. indica is a plant common in India. The leaves
are expectorant, emetic, laxative. A. virginica, of
North America, is diuretic and expectorant. Dose
of the fluid-extract 10 min.-i dr. (0.6-4.0 Co); of the
juice (succus acalypha), for an infant, 1 dr. (4 Cc).

acampsia (ah-kamp'-se-ah) [d, priv.; K&nwreiv, to
bend]. Inflexibility of a limb.

acantha (ak-an'-thah) [aicavda, a thorn]. 1. A
vertebral process. 2. The spinal column. 3. Spina
bifida.

acanthesthesia, acanthsesthesia (ak-anth-es-the' -
ze-ah) [bicavOa, a prickle; alo-9ri<Tis, sensation]. A
sensation as of pricking with needles.

Acanthia lectularia (ak-an'-the-ah lek-chu-la'-re-ah)
[L.]. The common bedbug.

acanthial (ak-an'-the-al) [see acanthion]. Per-
taining to the acanthion.

acanthion (ak-an'-the-on) [&ko.p9lov, a little thorn].
A point at the base of the nasal spine.

Acanthocephala {ak-an-tho-sef'-al-ah) [anavda, spine;
Ke<j>akr], head]. An order of parasitic worms,
characterized by a thorny armature of the head and
proboscis. They are generally grouped in one genus,
Echinorrhynchys. They infest pigs, birds, and fishes,
and in their larval stage live in crustaceans.

acanthoid (ak-an'-thoid) [&Kav$a, a spine]. Re-
sembling a spine, or spicula; spinous.

acantholysis (ak-an-thol'-is-is) [&Kav9a, prickle;
Xdo-ts, a loosening, a wasting]. Any skin disease in
which there is an atrophy of the prickle-layer.
a. bullosa, see epidermolysis.

acanthoma (ak-an-tho'-mah) [aicav6a, a spine].
A neoplasm, or localized excessive growth in any
part of the prickle-cell layer of the skin.

acanthopelvis {dk-anth-o-peV -vis) [anavBa, thorn;
Pelvis]. Same as acanthopelys.

acanthopelys (ak-anth-op' -el-is) [&Kav9a, thorn;
ttcXuj, pelvis]. A pelvis that is encroached upon by

acanthosis (ak-an-tho'-sis) [&.Kav9a, a spine]. Any
skin disease marked by abnormities in the prickle-
cell layer, a. nigricans, a general pigmentation of
the skin, with papillary, mole-like growths.

acanthulus {ak-an'-thu-lus). An instrument for
removing thorns from wounds.

acapnia (ah-kap'-ne-ah). A condition of dimin-
ished carbon dioxide in the blood.

acapsular (ah-kap'-su-lar) [&., priv.; capsula, a
small box or capsule]. In biology, destitute of a
capsule.

acardia (ah-kar'-de-ah) [A, priv.; KapSla, heart].
Congenital absence of the heart.

acardiac (ah-kar'-de-ak). 1. Having no heart.
2. A fetus with no heart.

acardiacus (ah-kar'-di-ak-us) [see acardia], A
synonym employed by German writers for ompha-
losite, a. acephalus, one in which the head is wanting,
the thorax rudimentary, the pelvis and contiguous
parts perfectly formed, a. amorphus, a shapeless
lump with only rudiments of organs.

acardiohemia, or acardiohsemia (ah-kar-de-o-he'-
me-ah) [d, priv.; Kapbla, heart; alfia, blood]. Lack of
blood in the heart.

acardionervia {ah-kar-de-o-ner'-ve-ah) [d, priv.
KapSLa, heart; nervus, a sinew]. Diminished nervous
action or nerve-stimulus in the heart.

acardiotrophia (ah-kar-de-o-tro'-fe-ah) [d, priv.;
KapSla, heart; Tpo<pri, nutrition]. Atrophy of the
heart.

acardius (ah-kar'-de-us). Congenital absence of
the heart. An acardiac monster.

acarian (ah-ka'-re-an). Of or pertaining to the
acarids or mites.

acariasis (ah-kar-i'-as-is). A disease due to mites.
See mange.

acaricide (ak-ar'-is-td) [acarus; cadere, to kill].
An agent that destroys acarids.

acarid, acaridan {ak'-ar-id, ak-ar'-id-an) [d/capijs,
small; tiny]. Pertaining to acarus.

Acarina (ak-ar-i'-na). An order of Arachnida,
which includes the ticks and mites. They may
cause severe symptoms from their bites, apart from
the introduction of any parasite such as Spirochata.

acarinosis (ak-ar-in-o'-sis) [acarus, a mite]. Any
disease, as the itch, produced by a mite or acarid.

acarodermatitis (ak-ar-o-der-mat-i'-lis) [acarus, a
mite; dermatitis]. Dermatitis caused by acari, or
mites.

acaroid ?■ {ak'-ar-oid) [acarus; elSos, like]. Mite-
like, a. gum, Botany Bay gum; resina lutea. An
aromatic resin used in Australia as a remedy for
gastric troubles, intestinal catarrhs, diarrheas, etc.
Dose 8-16 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.) in alcoholic solution.
Benzoic acid is prepared from it, and it is said to
have the properties of storax and balsam of Peru.
a. resin. See a. gum.

acarophobia (ak-ar-o-fo'-be-ah) [acarus; tpofios, fear].
Morbid fear of the itch.

acarotoxic (ak-ar-o-toks'-ik) [acarus, a mite;
to^ikov, a poison]. Poisonous, or destructive, to
acari.

acarpae (ah-kar'-pe) [&, priv.; Kapiros, fruit]. A
name proposed for a group of skin diseases in which
there are no papules, tubercles, or elevated points.

acarpia (ah-karp'-e-ah) [anapirla]. Sterility; bar-
renness; unfruitfulness.

acarpous (ah-kar'-pus) [&, priv.; Kapiros, fruit].
1. Having no elevations; not nodular. 2. Producing
no fruit; sterile, barren.

Acarus (ak'-ar-us) [&, priv.; Keipeiv, to cut (because
so small)]. The mite, or tick, a parasite of man
and animals. A. scabiei, Sarcoptes scabiei, the itch-
mite, a small parasite with numerous sharp tubercles,
spines, and hairs on the dorsal surface. See scabies.

acatalepsia, acatalepsy {ah-kat-al-ep'-se-ah, ah-kat'-
al-ep-se) [a, priv.; Karahap-fiaveLv, to understand].
1. Uncertainty in diagnosis. 2. Mental impair-
ment; dementia.

acataleptic (ah-kat-al-ep'-tik) [&, priv.; Kara\ap-
fiavelv, to understand]. 1. Uncertain; doubtful (used
of a prognosis or a diagnosis of a disease). 2. A
person affected with acatalepsy.

acatamathesia {ah-kat-am-ath-e' -ze-ah) [&, priv.;
KaTap.a9t\a is, understanding]. 1. Inability to under-
stand conversation, due to mental disorder. 2. A
morbid blunting of the perceptions; as in psychical
deafness, or psychical blindness.

acataphasia (ah-kat-af-a'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; /card,
after; <£d<n's, utterance]. A disorder in the syntac-
tical arrangement of uttered speech, due to some
central lesion.

acataposis (ah-kat-ap-o'-sis) [&, priv.; Kara, down;
voals, a drinking, a swallowing]. A difficulty in
swallowing; dysphagia.

acatastasia {ah-kat-as-ta' -ze-ah) [aKaravTavia].
Absence of regularity, or of fixed character, in the
course of a disease, or in the nature of an excretion.

ACATASTATIC

ACELIOUS

acatastatic (ah-kat-as-tat'-ik). Marked or char-
acterized by acatastasia; irregular; not of definite
type.

acatharsia (ah-kath-ar'-se-ah) [iucadapcrla, un-
cleansed state]. Impurity; foulness; need of purga-
tion, or cleansing.

acathectic {ah-kath-ek'-tik) [iicaBeKTucos, ungov-
ernable]. Not able to retain, a. jaundice, see
jaundice.

acaudal, acaudate (ah-kaw'-dal, ah-kaw'-dat) [&,
priv.; cauda, a tail]. Tailless.

ACC. Abbreviation for anodal closure contraction.

accelerans nerve (ak-sel'-er-ans) [L.]. A nerve
that increases the rate and force of the heart's action.

acceleration (ak-sel-er-a'-shuri) [accelerare, to
hasten]. Quickening, as of the rate of the pulse or
of the respiration.

accelerator (ak-sel'-e-ra-tor) [see acceleration].
I. That which accelerates. 2. A muscle which
hastens a physiological discharge, a. nerves, nerves
passing from the medulla to the heart and conducting
stimuli that cause acceleration of the heart's action.
a. partus, an abortifacient or ecbolic agent, a.
urinas, a muscle of the penis the function of which is
to expel the last drops in urination, to expel the
semen, and to assist erection. The sphincter vagina?
is its analogue in the female.

accentuated {ak-sent'-u-a-ted). Abnormally or
unusually distinct, as respiratory or heart sounds.

accentuation (ak-sen-tu-a' -shun) [accentuare]. In-
creased loudness or distinctness.

access (ak'-ses) [accessus, an approach], i. An
attack of a disease. 2. The return of a fit, or
paroxysm. 3. Cohabitation. And see non-access.

accession {ak-sesh'-un) [ad, to; cedere, to go]. The
assault, beginning, or onset of a disease, or of a stage
of the same; applied especially to a recurrence of
periodical disease.

accessorius (ak-ses-o'-re-us) [pi., accessorii],

1. Contributory in a secondary degree; accessory.

2. An accessory, a. ad iliocostalem, see muscles,
table of. a. Willisii, the spinal accessory nerve.

accessory {ak'-ses-o-re or ak-ses'-o-re) [accessorius].
Auxiliary; assisting. A term applied to certain
glands, muscles, ducts, nerves, arteries, etc., that are
auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the principal.
Certain small muscles, as the lumbricales, are re-
garded as accessory to more important muscles.
a. nu'cleus, the origin of the spinal accessory nerve.
a. of the parot'id, the socia parotidis, a small gland.

accident {ak'-se-dent) [accedere, to occur]. 1. In
legal medicine, an event occurring to an individual
without his expectation, and without the possibility
of his preventing it at the moment of its occurrence.
2. An intercurrent or complicating symptom or
event, not to be looked for in the regular progression
of an attack of disease.

accidental (ak-se-dent'-al) [accidentalis]. 1. Due
to, or caused by, an accident. 2. Intercurrent;
having no essential connection with other conditions
or symptoms, a. images, after-images, a. murmur,
a murmur due to anemia.

-accipiter (ak-sip'-it-er) [L., "a hawk"]. A facial
bandage with tails radiating like the claws of a
hawk. a. quinqueceps, a five-headed accipiter
bandage, a. triceps, a three-headed accipiter ban-
dage.

acclimatation, acclimation, acclimatization (ak-li-
mat-a' -shun, ak-lim-a'-shun, ak-li-mat-iz-a' -shun) [ad,
to; clima, climate]. The process of becoming accus-
tomed to the climate, soil, water, etc., of a country
to which a plant, animal, person, or a people has
removed.

accommodation (ak-om-o-da' '-shun) [accommodare,
to adjust]. Adaptation or adjustment, particularly
the adjustment of the eye for different distances.
a., absolute, the accommodation of either eye
separately, a., asthenopia of, subnormal power of
the function of accommodation, or the pain or dis-
comfort from accommodative effort, a., binocular,
the combined accommodation of the two eyes.
a., histological, the occurrence of changes in the
morphology and function of cells following changed
conditions, a., negative, the opposite of positive
accommodation, the refractive power of the eye
being lessened, a. of the eye, that function of the
ciliary muscle and lens whereby objects at different
distances are clearly seen. It depends upon the
inherent elasticity of the lens, which when the ciliary
muscle of an emmetropic eye is at rest, is adapted to

the proper focalization of theoretically parallel
rays of light. Objects nearer, to be clearly seen,
require a greater refracting power on the part of the
eye because the rays from such objects are more
divergent. This additional refracting power is
gained by an increased anteroposterior diameter of
the lens, brought about by the contraction of the
ciliary muscle, which occasions a loosening of the
suspensory ligament and a thickening of the lens by
its own elasticity, a. phosphenes, the peripheral
light-streak seen in the dark after the act of accom-
modation, a., positive, that when the eye being
focused for a more distant object is required for
fixation upon a nearer point, a., range of relative,
the range of accommodation at the command of the
eye for any particular degree of convergence, a.,
reflex, Argyll Robertson pupil, a., region of, the
extent controlled by the eye within which it dis-
tinguishes objects clearly from the state of rest to
that of maximum accommodation, a., spasm of, a
term used to express excessive or persistent con-
traction of the ciliary muscle, following the attempt
to overcome error of refraction. It stimulates
myopia, a., subnormal, deficient power of accom-
modation, a., supernormal, excessive power of
accommodation, a., theory of, Helmholtz's, that
the increased convexity, of the lens is produced by a
relaxation of the suspensory ligament, thus removing
the influence which tends to flatten the lens and per-
mitting the latter by its elasticity to become more
convex, a., theory of, Schoen's, that the contraction
of the ciliary muscle produces the same effect on the
lens as is produced upon a rubber ball when held in
both hands and compressed with the fingers, a.,
theory of, Tscherning's, by the contraction of the
anterior part of both the radiating and circular
fibers of the ciliary muscle the ciliary processes are
drawn backward, and the suspensory ligament
pulled backward and outward; pressure of the
anterior portion of the muscle causes increased
convexity of the lens.

accommodative (ak-om' '-o-da-tiv) [accommodare, to
adjust]. Pertaining to the function of accommo-
dation, or resulting from it. a. iridoplegia, inability
of the iris to respond to accommodative effort.

accouche e (ak-koo-shay) [Fr., a, to; couche, a bed].
A woman delivered of a child.

accouchement (a-koosh-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The French
term for childbirth, a. force, rapid and forcible
delivery with the hand.

accoucheur (a-koo-shur) [Fr.]. A professional
male assistant at childbirth.

accoucheuse {a-koo-shuz) [Fr.]. A midwife.

accrementitial (ak-re-men-tish'-al) [accrescere, to
increase]. In biology, of or pertaining to the process
of accrementition.

accrementition (ak-re-men-tish'-uri) [ad, to; crescere,
to grow]. A growth in which increase takes place
by interstitial development from blastema, and
also by reproduction of cells by fission. The pro-
duction or development of a new individual by the
separation of a part of the parent; gemmation.

accrete {ak-ret'). In biology, grown together.

accretion (ak-re'-shun) [ad, to; crescere, to increase].
1. A term denoting the manner by which crystalline
and certain organic forms increase their material
substance. 2. The adherence of parts normally
separate. 3. An accumulation of foreign matter in
any cavity.

accubation (ak-u-ba'-jhun) [accubare, to recline].

1. A reclining posture; the taking to one's bed.

2. The act of lying in bed with another person.
accumulation {ak-u-mu-W -shun) [accumulare, to

heap up]. An amassing or collecting together.
a., fecal, an excessive aggregation of feces in the
large intestine; coprostasis.

accumulator (ak-u' -mu-la-tor) [accumulare, to heap
up]. An apparatus to store electricity.

-acea?. A suffix used in botany to designate a
family, the name chosen being one of the principal
genera. Ex., Rosa, Rosacea, Ranunculus, Ranuncu-
lacees.

acedia (ah-se'-de-ah) [iK-qSia]. A certain form of
melancholia.

acelia, acoelia (ah-se'-le-ah) [&, priv.; koCKlo., a
cavity]. The absence of a natural cavity. Syn.,
acelosis.

acelious (ah-se'-le-us) [&, priv.; koiXml, the belly].
Without a belly; applied to those extremely emaci-
ated.

ACELOSIS

8

ACETANILIDE

acelosis, acoelosis (ah-sel-o'-sis). See acelia.

acelous (ah-se'-lus) [&, priv.; koiXos, hollow].
Without intestines; anenterous.

A. C. E. mixture. An anesthetic mixture com-
posed of alcohol, i part; chloroform, 2 parts; ether,
3 parts. See anesthetic.

acenaphthene (as-en-af -then) [aceticus; naph-
thalene], C12H10. A hydrocarbon that occurs in coal
tar, and separates on cooling from the fraction
boiling at 260-2800 C. It crystallizes from hot
alcohol in long needles melting at 95° C. and boiling
at 2770 C.

acentric (ah-sen'-trik) [&, priv.; nevrpov, center].
Not eccentric; not originating in, or pertaining to,
a nerve-center; peripheric.

aceognosia (as-e-og-no'-se-ah) [okos, a remedy;
ypuais, knowledge]. A knowledge of remedies.

aceology (as-e-ol'-o-je) [a/cos a remedy; X6705, a
discourse]. Therapeutics; medical and surgical
treatment of disease; acology.

acephalemia, acephalsemia or acephalhemia,
acephalhsemia (ah-sef -al-e'-me-ah) [d priv.; Ke4>a\ij,
head; dlna, blood]. Deficiency of blood in the head.

acephalia (ah-sef-a '-le-ah) [d, priv.; K€<paXi?, head].
Absence of the head.

acephalism (ah-sef '-al-izm) . See acephalia.

acephalobrachia (ah-sef -al-o-bra' -ke-ah) [d, priv.;
Kt<f>a\r), head; fipaxluv, arm]. Absence of the head
and arms.

acephalobrachius (ah-sef-al-o-bra'-ke-us). A mon-
ster with neither head nor arms.

acephalocardia {ah-sef -al-o-kar'-de-ah) [d, priv.;
Kt<pa\ri, head; /capSta, heart]. Absence of the head
and heart.

acephalocardius (ah-sef -al-o-kar' -de-us) . A mon-
ster with neither head nor heart.

acephalocheiria, acephalochiria (ah-sef -al-o-ki' -
re-ah) [d, priv.; Ke<paMi, head; x«P. hand]. Absence
of the head and hands.

acephalocheirus, acephalochirus (ah-sef-al-o-kV
rus) [see acephalocheiria}. A monster with neither
head nor hands.

acephalocyst, acephalocystis (ah-sef -al-o-sist, ah-
sef -al-o-sist' -is) [d, priv.; Ke<j>aKii, head; averts, a
bladder]. The bladderworm. A headless, sterile
hydatid, found in the liver and other organs, aceph-
alocystis plana, Laennec's name for certain con-
cretions found in the sheaths of tendons and in
muscles, acephalocystis racemosa, the hydatid
mole of the uterus.

acephalogaster (ah-sef -al-o-gas'-ter) [dice^aXos, head-
less; ya<TT7)p, belly]. A monster with neither head
' nor belly.

acephalogasteria (ah-sef -al-o-gas-te' -re-ah) [see
acephalogaster]. Absence of the head and belly.

acephalophorous (ah-sef -al-of'-or-us) [d, priv.;
Ke<pa\r), head; <pkpeiv, to bear]. Destitute of a dis-
tinct head.

acephalopodia (ah-sef -al-o-po' -de-ah) [d, priv.;
Ke<pa\r), head; vovs, foot]. Absence of the head and
feet.

acephalopodius (ah-sef -al-o-po' -de-us) [see aceph-
alopodia). A monster with neither head nor feet.

acephalorrhachia, acephalorachia (ah-sef -al-or-a' -
ke-ah) [d, priv.; Ke<f>a\r), head; pdx«, spine]. Absence
of the head and vertebral column.

acephalorrhachus (ah-sef -al-or-a' -kus) [a, priv.;
Ke<t>a\r), head; pdx«, spine]. A monster destitute of
head and vertebral column.

acephalostomia (ah-sef -al-o-sto' -me-ah) [d, priv.;
Kt4>aKr), head; ar6p.a, mouth]. Absence of the head,
with a mouth-like opening on the superior aspect.

acephalostomus (ah-sef -al-os'-to-mus) [see aceph-
alostomia]. A monster without a head, but with a
mouth-like aperture.

acephalothoracia (ah-sef -al-o-tho-r a1 '-se-ah) [&, priv. ;
Ke<pa\ri, head; 0a>pa£, chest]. Absence of the head
and thorax.

acephalothorax (ah-sef-al-o-tho'-raks). A monster
destitute of head and thorax. Syn., acephalothorus.

acephalothorus (ah-sef -al-o-tho' -rus). A monster
without head or thorax. See acephalothoracia.

acephalous (ah-sef -al-us) [a.nk<pahos, headless].
Headless.

acephalus (ah-sef -al-us) [see acephalia]. A species
of omphalositic monsters characterized by complete
absence of the head and usually of the upper extremi-
ties. It is the commonest condition among the
omphalosites. a. dibrachius, an acephalus with two
upper limbs in a more or less rudimentary state.

a. dipus, an acephalus with two more or less developed
lower extremities, a. monobrachius, one with one
upper extremity, a cervical vertebra, and one or two
more or less developed lower extremities, a. mon-
opus, one with only one lower extremity, more or less
developed. See acephalopodius. a. sympus, one in
which the trunk ends in a long conic point at the
end of which are attached one or two feet.

acerate (as'-er-at) [acer, sharp]. 1. A salt of
aceric acid. 2. Sharp-pointed, acicular.

aceratosis (ah-ser-at-o'-sis) [d, priv.; /cepas, horn].
Deficiency or imperfection of corneous tissue.
Akeratosis.

acerbity (a-serb'-it-e) [acerbitas, sharpness, sour-
ness]. Acidity combined with astringency.

acercus (ah-ser'-kus) [anepicos, without a tail].
A monstrosity without a tail or the coccygeal vertebrae.

acerdol (as'-er-dol), Mn02K2KOH. An oxidation-
product- of potassium and manganese. It is used as
an oxidizer and disinfectant.

aceric (as-er'-ik) [acer, a maple tree]. Pertaining
to, or found in the maple; as aceric acid.

aceride (as'-er-id) [d, priv.; cera, wax]. An oint-
ment or plaster containing no wax.

acerotous (ah-ser'-o-tus) [d, priv.; Hypos, wax].
Containing no wax; said of ointments and plasters.

acervuline (as-er'-vu-lin) [acervulus, a heap].
Agminated, or aggregated; as certain mucous glands.

acervuloma (ah-ser-vu-lo'-mah) [acervulus, little
heap; pi., acervulomata}. See psammoma.

acervulus, a. cerebri (as-er'-vu-lus ser'-e-bri).
Concretionary matter near the base of the pineal
gland, consisting of alkaline phosphates and carbon-
ates, with amyloid matter. Syn., brain-sand.

acescence (as-es'-ens) [acescere, to grow sour].
1. The process of becoming sour; the quality of
being somewhat sour. 2. A disease of wines, whereby
they become sour, owing to the agency of Mycoderma
aceti.

acescent (as-es'-ent). Somewhat acid or tart;
acidulous.

acesodyne, acesodynous (ah-ses'-o-dln, ah-ses-od'-
in-us) [&Ke<r&dwos]. Allaying pain; anodyne.

acestoma (as-es'-to-mah) [d«effr6s, curable]. The
mass of young granulation tissue which later forms
the cicatrix.

aceta (as-e'-tah). Plural of aceium, q. v.

acetabular (as-et-ab'-u-lar) [acetabulum, a vinegar
cup]. Pertaining to the acetabulum.

acetabulum (as-et-ab'-u-lum) [see acetabular]. A
cup-shaped depression on the outer aspect of the
innominate bone for the reception of the head of the
femur, a. cotyle, the articular cavity of the innomi-
nate bone. a. humeri, the glenoid cavity.

acetal (as'-et-al) [acetum, vinegar]. 1. C6H14O2.
Ethidene diethylate, a colorless liquid with an
ethereal odor, produced by the imperfect oxidation
of alcohol under the influence of platinum black.
It is sparingly soluble in water; boils at 1040 C;
sp. gr. at 200 is 0.8304. Its action is that of a sopori-
fic. Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). 2. A mixture said to
consist of acetic ether and oils of cloves, bergamot,
lavender, lemon, menthol, orange, rosemary, thyme,
and absolute alcohol, a., dimethyl, see methylal.

acetaldehyde (as-et-aV -de-hid). The normal alde-
hyde; ethaldehyde. See aldehyde.

acetals (as'-et-alz) [acetum, vinegar]. Products of
the combination of aldehydes with alcohols at ioo° C.

acetamide, acetamid (as-et'-am-id), CH3. CO.NH2.
A white, crystalline solid produced by distilling am-
monium acetate, or by heating ethyl acetate with
strong aqueous ammonia. It combines with both
acids and metals to form unstable compounds.

acetamidoantipyrine (as-et-am-id-o-an-ti-pi'-rin). A
crystalline compound used as antipyrine.

acetamidophenol (as-et-am-id-o-fen'-ol). C6H4OH.-
NH.C2H3O. An oxidation-product of acetanilide;
hydroxyantifebrin.

acetaminol (as-et-am'-in-ol), C18H23NO4. A reac-
tion-product of paranitrobenzoyl chloride with
eugenol-sodium, followed by reduction and acetyliza-
tion. It occurs as white scales or crystalline powder,
soluble in alcohol and insoluble in water, and melting
at 1600 C. It is used in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Syn., para-acetamido-benzoyleugenol; acetamido-ben-
zoyl.

acetanilide (as-et-an'-il-id), CsHgNO. Phenyl-
acetamide. A white, crystalline solid, produced by
boiling anilin and glacial acetic acid together for
several hours, the crystalline mass being then dis-

ACETAS

ACETOPHENONEPHE NETIDINE

tilled. It melts at 1140 and boils at 259°. It is
soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether. Under the
name antifebrin it is prescribed as an antipyretic.
Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.), not exceeding 30 gr.
(2 Gm.) in the 24 hours; of the compound powder
(pulvis acetanilidi compositus, U. S. P.) 7 1 gr. (0.5
Gm.). a., ammoniated, a mixture of acetanilide,
25 parts; ammonium carbonate, 10 parts; sodium
bicarbonate, 5 parts; sugar of milk, 60 parts. It is
recommended as causing less depression than ace-
tanilide alone, a., monobromated, see antisepsin.

acetas (as'-et-as). An acetate or salt of acetic
acid.

acetate (as'-el-dt) [see acetic]. Any salt of acetic
acid. a. of lead, plumbi acetas; see plumbum.

acetated (as'-et-a-ted). Treated with or containing
an acetate, acetic acid, or vinegar.

acetic (as-e'-tik) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining to
acetum or vinegar; sour. See acid, acetic, a. acid
amide, see acetamide. a. acid esters, see methyl
acetate and ether, acetic, a. acid salts. 1. Readily
soluble crystalline salts formed from the bases.
2. Basic salts formed from iron, aluminum, lead,
and copper; sparingly soluble in water. 3. Alkali
salts, which have the property of combining with a
molecule of acetic acid to produce acid salts, a.
aldehyde, see under aldehyde, a. anhydride, C4H6O3,
a colorless, mobile liquid, highly refractive, and
with an odor of acetic acid. Sp. gr. 1.080 at 150 C.;
boils at I36°-I38° C. Syn., acetyl oxide; acetic
oxide; socalled anhydrous acetic acid. a. ether, see
under ether, a. fermentation, the development of
acetic acid by the activity of the Mycoderma aceti.
a. fungus, any one of several minute fungoid organ-
isms capable of inciting and maintaining acetic
fermentation, as first proved by Pasteur in 1864.

acetification (as-et-e-fi-ka'-shun) [acetum, vinegar;
facere, to make]. The production of vinegar by
acetic fermentation.

acetimeter, acetimetric, acetimetry. See aceto-
meter; acetometry ; acetometric.

acetin (as'-et-in) [acetum, vinegar], C3Hsj(C2H302)3.
A chemical compound formed by the union of glycerol
and acetic acid.

acetoacetate (as-et-o-as'-et-at). A salt of aceto-
acetic acid.

acetoacetic acid (as-et-o-as-e'-tik). A monobasic
acid formed from acetic acid by replacing one of the
hydrogen atoms of the acid radical with the acetic-
acid radical, acetyl. See Gerhardt. a. esters, CH3.
CO . CH2 . CO2R, liquids possessing an ethereal
odor, produced by the action of metallic sodium
upon acetic esters; they dissolve with difficulty in
water and can be distilled without decomposition.

acetoarsenite (as-et-o-ar' -sen-it). A salt composed
of an acetate and an arsenite of the same base.

acetobromide (as-et-o-bro'-mid). An acetic-acid
salt in which part of the hydrogen of the acid radicle
has been replaced by bromine.

acetochloride (as-et-o-klor'-id). A salt composed
of an acetate and a chloride of the same base.

acetoglycocoll (as-et-o-gli'-ko-kol) ,
^„ ^ NH . C3H2O.
CH2 < CO2H.
A substance resembling a monobasic acid, obtained
from the action of acetyl chloride on glycocoll silver
and of acetamide on monochloracetic acid ; it is soluble
in alcohol; melts at 2060 C. Syn., acetamidoacetic
acid; aceturic acid.

acetoiodide (as-et-o-i'-o-did). A double salt con-
taining the acetate and iodide of the same radical.

acetol (as'-et-ol). 1. See acetyl carbinol. 2. A
remedy for toothache, said to consist of acetic acid,
8.46%; alum, 3.07%; water, 88.5%; with a small
proportion of essential oils of sage, clove, and pepper-
mint.

acetoluid (as-e-tol'-u-id), C-HtNH . C2H3O. Aceto-
orthotoluid. An antipyretic resembling acetanilid.
The dose is not accurately determined.

acetomel (as-et'-o-mel). See oxymel.

acetometer (as-et-om' -et-er) [acetum, vinegar;
tikrpov, a measure]. An instrument used in the
quantitative determination of acetic acid.

acetometric (as-et-o-met'-rick). Pertaining to
acetometry.

acetometry (as-et-om' -et-re) [acetum, vinegar;
\xkrpov, measure]. The quantitative estimation of
the amount of acetic acid in vinegar. Usually made
by an acetometer.

aceton. 1. See acetone. 2. A proprietary remedy
for headache and influenza.

acetonasthma (as-et-on-az'-mah) [acetone; asthma].
Attacks of dyspnea similar to uremic asthma, accom-
panied, with restlessness, headache, nausea, vomiting,
transient amaurosis, and acetonuria.

acetone, aceton (as'-et-on) [acetum, vinegar],
CH3 . CO . CH3. Dimethylketone. A colorless,
mobile liquid, of peculiar odor and burning taste,
present in crude wood-spirit; it occurs in small
quantities in the blood and in normal urine, and in
considerable quantities at times in the urine of
diabetic patients. It is miscible with ether, alcohol,
and water. It is used as an anesthetic and anthel-
mintic. Dose 15--20 min. (0.9-1.2 Cc). Syn.,
mesitic alcohol; mesilyl alcohol; methyl acetyl; acetyl
methyl. See Chautard, Gunning, Legal, Lieben,
Malerba, le Nobel, Penzoldt, Reynolds, a. chloro-
form, HO . C(CH3)2CCl3, a compound formed by
the addition of potash to equal weights of acetone
and chloroform. It occurs as white crystals, spar-
ingly soluble in water, more freely in alcohol and
glycerol. Its 1 % aqueous solution is called aneson.
It is used as a hypnotic and anesthetic. Dose 15-20
gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.). Syn., chloretone; trichlortertiary
butyl alcohol; trichlorpseudobutyl alcohol, a. diethyl-
sulphone, see sulphonal. a., monochlorated, C3H5CIO,
a colorless liquid having a pungent odor, obtained by
chlorinating acetone, a. phenylhydrazone, (CHshC :-
N2HC6H5, one of the nitrogen derivatives of ketone.
a. resorcinol, C15H16O4 + H2O, a combination of
resorcinol with acetone and fuming hydrochloric
acid added hot. It occurs in small anhydrous prisms,
soluble in alkaline solutions, insoluble in water,
alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It melts at 2120-
2 130 C. It is used in the same manner as resorcinol.

acetonemia, acetonaemia (as-et-on-e'-me-ah) [ace-
tone; alua, blood]. The presence of acetone in the
blood.

acetones (as'-et-onz). A class of compounds that
may be regarded as consisting of two alcoholic radi-
cals united by the group CO, or as aldehydes in which
hydrogen of the group COH has been replaced by an
alcoholic radical.

acetonin (as-et'-on-in). 1. A body produced by
the action of ammonia on acetone. 2. Dihydrotri-
acetonamine.

acetonitrate (as-et-o-ni'-trat). A double salt, the
acetate and nitrate of the same radical.

acetonitril (as-et-on-i'-tril), CH3CN or C2H3N.
Methyl cyanide. It is a colorless liquid, having an
agreeable odor, and is prepared by distilling acetamide
with P2O5. It may also be produced from prussic
acid and diazomethane. It melts at— 410 C, boils
at 81.60 C, and has a sp. gr. of 0.789 at 150 C.
Syn., carbamine.

acetonoresorcinol. See acetone resorcinol.

acetonuria (as-et-o-nu'-re-ah) [acetone; ovpov, urine].
The presence of acetone in the urine.

acetonyl (as-et'-on-il), CH2 — CO — CH3. A uni-
valent radical obtained from acetone by taking away
one atom of hydrogen.

acetophenetidine (as-et-o-fen-et' -id-en) . See phen-
acetine.

acetophenone (as-et-o-fe'-non), C6H5(CO)(CH3).
Phenyl methyl ketone; also called hypnone; a hyp-
notic and antiseptic. It results from the action of
zinc methyl upon benzoyl chloride and crystallizes
in large plates, melts at 20. 50 and boils at 2020. It
is without satisfactory action. Dose 4-15 min.
(0.26-1.0 Cc).

acetophenoneorthooxyquinolin (as-et-o-fe-non-or-
tho-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in), C2H6NO . CH2 . CO . CeH5.

A base obtained by interaction between a halogen
compound of acetophenone and orthoquinolin in
the presence of solvents and an alkali. It forms
well-defined salts, is soluble in volatile solvents, and
melts at 130 ° C. It is said to have hypnotic and
antineuralgic properties; is odorless, tasteless, and
nonirritating.

acetophenonephenetidine (as-et-o-fe-ndn-fen-ef-
id-in). A condensation-product of acetophenone
and paraphenetidine. a. citrate,

r „ .OC2H5
(-6il4<N=C(CH3)(C6Ho) . HsC.

lemon-yellow needles, soluble in ether and hot
alcohol, insoluble in water. It melts at 88° C; is
antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose 8-15 gr.
(0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., malarin.

ACETOPYRINE

10

ACHIROUS

acetopyrine, acetopyrin {as-et-o-pi'-ren, -tin). A
mixture of antipyrine and acetyl salicylic acid, occur-
ring as a whitish, crystalline powder, soluble with
difficulty in cold water, ether, and petroleum ether,
readily soluble in warm water, alcohol, chloroform,
and warm toluol. It is antipyretic. Dose 7 gr.
(0.4 Gm.) 6 times daily. Syn., antipyrine acetyl-
salicylate, a. acetosalicylate, antipyretic, analgesic,
sedative; employed in influenza, bronchitis, rheu-
matic headache, sciatica, hemicrania, and acute
articular rheumatism.

acetous {as-e'-tus) [acetum, vinegar]. Resembling
vinegar; pertaining to or charged with vinegar or
acetic acid.

acetozone {as-et'-o-zon). See benzoylacetylperoxide.

acetparaphenetidine {as-et-par-a-fe-nef -id-en) .

Same as phenacetine.

acetparatoluid (as-et-par-ah-tol'-u-id), C3HN11O.
Antipyretic, colorless crystals, slightly soluble in
water, moderately soluble in alcohol; it melts at
1490 C. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., acet-
paramidotoluql ; paratolylacetamide.

acetphenetidin {as-et-fe-net'-id-in) [acetum; phenol].
A compound derived from phenol, having antipyretic
and antineuralgic properties. It is crystalline,
tasteless, and almost insoluble in water. Dose 4-30
gr. (0.26-2.0 Gm.). Syn., phenacetine.

acetum {as-e'-tum) [L.; gen., aceti; pi., aceta].
Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic acid produced by
acetous fermentation of wine, cider, or other fruit-
juice. In pharmacy, a solution of the active prin-
ciples of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. See
vinegar, a. aromaticum (N. F.) ["aromatic vine-
gar"], a mixture of alcohol, water, and acetic acid,
aromatized with the oils of rosemary, lavender,
juniper, peppermint, cassia, lemon, and cloves.
a. britannicum, an aromatic vinegar consisting of
glacial acetic acid, 600; camphor, 60; oil of cloves, 2;
oil of cinnamon, 1; oil of lavender, 0.5.

acetyl {as'-et-il) [acetum, vinegar], C2H3O. A uni-
valent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and
its derivatives. Aldehyde may be regarded as the
hydride, and acetic acid as the hydrate, of acetyl.
Syn., acetosyl; acetoyl; acetoxyl; othyl. a.-anhydride,
see acetic anhydride, a.-atoxyl, an atoxyl substitu-
tion product, better known as arsacetin, q. v. a.
benzene, see acetophenone. a. bioxydamide, see
acetamide. a. bromide, C2H3BrO, a reaction-product
of acetic acid with phosphorus pentabromide; it is a
fuming liquid which turns yellow in the air; it boils
at 81 ° C. It is used as a reagent, a. carbinol,
CH3 . CO . CH2OH, a saturated ketol produced by
the action of water and barium carbonate upon
chloracetone, also by fusing cane-sugar and grape-
sugar with caustic potash. It is a colorless oil
with a feeble, peculiar odor; boils at i45°-iso° C.
Syn., pyroracemic alcohol; acetone alcohol; oxy acetone;
methyl ketol; acetol. a. chloride, C2H3CIO, a reaction-
product of acetic acid with phosphorus trichloride;
it is a colorless, highly refracting, fuming liquid;
sp. gr. 1. 1305 at o° C.; boils at 55° C. It is used as
a reagent. a. ethylphenylhydrazin, C14H22N4O2,
colorless needles obtained by heating a solution of
ethylenephenylhydrazin with an excess of acetic
anhydrid. It is recommended as an antipyretic.
Syn., phenylhydrazinacetylethyl. a. formyl, see alde-
hyde, pyroracemic. a. hydrate, acetic acid. a.
hydride, same as acetic aldehyde. See under aldehyde.
a. iodide, C2H3OI, a reaction-product of acetic acid
with iodine and phosphorus; it is a brown, fuming
liquid; sp. gr. 1.98 at 170 C.; boils at i05°-io8° C.
a. isocyanide, (C2H3O) — N = C, a liquid in its simple
form, but capable of polymerization as a crystalline
solid. It boils at 930 C. Syn., acetic isocyanide;
cyanacetyl. a. isoeugenol, the direct antecedent of
vanillin in the manufacture of the synthetic product,
and is used as a substitute for vanillin, a. leuko-
methylene-blue, a colorless form of methylene-blue
for internal use. a. methyl, see acetone, a. oxide,
same as acetic anhydride, a.-paraamidophenyl-
salicylate, see salophen. a. peroxide, (C2H30)2C»2,
a thick liquid, insoluble in water, but readily dis-
solved by ether and alcohol. It is a powerful
oxidizing agent. It is decomposed in sunlight and
explodes violently when heated, a. phenylhydrazid,
a. phenylhydrazin, same as hydracetin and pyrodin.
a. tannin, a grayish-yellow, slightly hygroscopic,
odorless, tasteless powder, soluble in alcohol, dilute
sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, or sodium
borate; slightly soluble in hot water and ether;

insoluble in cold water; melting at 1900 C. It is an
astringent and is used internally in chronic diarrhea.
Externally, it is used in chronic pharyngitis. Dose
3-75 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). Application, 3 % solution
in 5 % sodium phosphate. Maximum dose 60 gr.
(4 Gm.) daily. Syn., tannigen. a. thymol, C12H16O2,
a colorless antiseptic liquid with a pungent taste
having a specific gravity of 1.009 at o° C. and boiling
at 244.40 C. Syn., thymol acetate, a. tribromsalol,
fine, white acicular crystals which melt at 108. 50;
insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol. Syn., cordyl.
a. urethane, see urethane.

acetylene {as-et'-il-en) [acetum, vinegar], C2H2.
A colorless gas, with a characteristic, unpleasant
odor, burning with a luminous, smoky flame. It is
formed by the imperfect combustion of illuminating
gas and other hydrocarbons. The acetylene series of
hydrocarbons has the general formula CnH2n-2.

acetylization (as-et-il-i-za'-shun). The act of
combining with or producing compounds of acetic
acid or acetyl.

Achalme's bacillus (ak-al'-ma). An anaerobic
bacillus, probably identical with Welch's Bacillus
aerogenes capsulatus; it has been regarded as the
cause of acute articular rheumatism.

ache (ak) [AS., acan, to ache]. Any continuous or
throbbing pain.

acheilia {ah-ki' -le-ah) [A, priv.; x«*°s. a lip].
The congenital absence of lips.

acheilous (ah-ki'-lus) [see acheilia]. Lipless.

acheilus (ah-ki'-lus) [A, priv.; x^os, a lip].
A person affected with acheilia.

acheir {ah'-kir) [A, priv.; x«t/?. the hand]. 1.
Acheirous. 2. Said of fishes lacking pectoral fins.

acheiria {ah-ki'-re-ah) [A, priv.; xelp, a hand].
The congenital absence of hands.

acheirous {ah-ki'-rus) [see acheiria]. Affected
with acheiria.

acheirus {ah-ki'-rus). An acheirous person, or
fetus; one who was born without hands.

achene {a-ken'). Same as achenium.

achenium {ah-ke'-ne-um) [A, priv.; xaiveiv, 'gape;
pi., achenia]. In biology, a small, dry, one-seeded,
indehiscent fruit.

achilia {ah-ki' -le-ah). See acheilia.

Achillea (ak-il-e'-ah) [Achilles, its reputed dis-
coverer]. Milfoil; yarrow. The herb A. mille-
folium. Its properties are due to a bitter, aromatic,
astringent, tonic extractive, achillein, and a volatile
oil. It has long been used as a vulnerary, and has
been highly recommended for intermittent and low
exanthematous fevers. Dose 1 oz.-i pint infusion
ad lib.; of the extractive, 1-3 dr. (4-12 Gm.); of the
volatile oil, 5-15 rnin. (0.3-1.0 Cc). To the genus
Achillea belong various other unofficial medicinal
plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in pre-
paring cordials and a diaphoretic medicine, and
A. ptarmica, or sneezewort, a strong sialagogue.

achillein, achilleinum {ak-il-e'-in, -i'-num), C20H38-
N2O15. A glucoside obtained from Achillea mille-
folium and A. moschata. Occurs as a brownish-red,
amorphous mass, of a strongly bitter taste, soluble
in water, less soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether.
It is stated that divided doses up to 30-75 gr. (2-5
Gm.) cause marked irregularity of the pulse.

Achilles tendon {ak-il'-ez ten'-don). The tendon
of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, inserted
into the back of the heel. A. t. reflex, contraction
of the calf of the leg on tapping the tendo Achillis.

achillobursitis (ak-il-o-bur-si'-tis) [Achilles tendon;
bursitis]. Inflammation of the bursa? lying approxi-
mate to the Achilles tendon.

achillodynia {ak-il-o-din' -e-ah) [Achilles \tendon;
bbbvi), pain]. Pain referred to the insertion of the
Achilles tendon.

achillorrhaphy {ak-il-or' -af-e) [Achilles tendon;
t>att>ii, suture]. Suture of the Achilles tendon; prac-
tised by C. Bayer instead of achillotomy for the
sake of lengthening the tendon. This is exposed, the
length divided in half, the upper end of one side,
the lower end of the other, cut across, and both the
cut surfaces united by a suture.

achillotomy {ak-il-of -o-me) [Achilles tendon; tout),
a cutting]. The subcutaneous division of the
Achilles tendon.

achillotenotomy {ak-il-o-ten-ot'-o-me). Same as
achillotomy.

achilous {ah-ki'-lus). See acheilous.

achiria {ah-ki'-re-ah). See acheiria.

achirous {ah-ki'-rus). See acheirous.

ACHIRUS

11

ACID

achirus (ah-ki'-rus). See acheirus.

achlorhydria (ah-klor-hi' -dre-ah) [d, priv.; chlor-
hydric {acid)]. Absence of free hydrochloric acid
from the gastric juice.

achloropsia (ah-klor-op'-se-ah) [d, priv.; x^«P°s.
green; 5i/<«, vision]. Green-blindness.

acholia (ah-ko'-le-ah) [&, priv.; x°^v> bile], i. Ab-
sence of biliary secretion. 2. Any condition ob-
structing the escape of the bile into the small intes-
tine. 3. Asiatic cholera. 4. A mild temperament.
a., pigmentary, that in which there are deficiency of
bile and lack of color in the feces, but no jaundice.

acholic (ah-kol'-ik). 1. Affected with acholia.
2. Able to cure jaundice. 3. Due to acholia.

acholous (ah'-ko-lus). Pertaining to or affected
with acholia.

acholuria (ah-kol-u'-re-ah) [d, priv.; x°M» bile;
olpov, urine]. The absence of bile-pigment in the
urine.

achondroplasia (ah-kon-dro-pla'-ze-ah) [d, priv.;
Xovbpos, cartilage; irX&aaeiv, to form]. Lack of
development in a cartilaginous structure; the ab-
sorption of cartilage during its transformation into
bone. 2. Parrot's term for a form of fetal rickets
in which the limbs are short, the curves of the bones
exaggerated, and there is an absence of the pro-
liferating zone of cartilage at the junction of the
epiphyses. The children are generally still-born.
This condition is very much like a fetal cretinism.
Also known as chondrodystrophia fetalis.

achondroplastic (ah-kon-dro-plas'-tik) . Pertaining
to achondroplasia.

achor (a'-kor) [dx«p. chaff, scurf, or dandruff: pl.f
achores (a-kor'-ez)]. Crusta lactea, ^ small pustule,
followed by a scab, upon the heads of infants; milk-
crust, a. barbatus, barber's itch.

achor dal (ah-kor' '-dal) [&, priv.; xopSrj, cord].
Not derived from the notochord.

achoresis (ah-kor-e'-sis) [a, priv.; x^peiv, to make
room; pi., achoreses). Grossi's term for the dimin-
ished capacity of a hollow organ, as of the bladder.
Syn., achoria. Cf. stenochoria.

Achorion (a-ko'-re-on) [dim. of &xwp> chaff], A
genus of fungous organisms, including several species
(possibly modified forms of Penicillium glaucum)
found in the skin, especially the hair-follicles. A.
keratophagus, the form causing onychomycosis.
A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurans. A. schoen-
leinii, the species occurring in ringworm, or Tinea
favosa.

Achras (ak'-ras) [dxpds, the wild pear]. A genus
of arboraceous plants of the order Sapotacece. A.
sapota [cochitzapotl, Mex.], the sapodilla plum; a
species indigenous to South America. The fruit is
edible, sweet, cloying; said to be beneficial in strang-
ury. The seeds are laxative and diuretic; they are
exhibited in emulsion in cases of gravel and renal
colic. The bitter astringent bark (cortex jamaicensis)
has been used as a substitute for cinchona bark.
The bark and seeds yield the glucoside sapotin. The
sap yields chicle-gum.

achreocythemia (ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah) [axpoios,
colorless; kvtos, cell; alp.a, blood]. Lack of coloring
matter in the blood.

achroa, achroia (ah-kro'-ah, ah-kroi'-ah). Same as
achroma, q. v.

achroacyte (ah-kro' -as-it) [dxpoios, colorless; kvtos,
cell]. A colorless cell, or lymphocyte.

achroacytosis (ah-kro-ah-si-to'-sis) [axpoios, color-
less; kvtos, cell]. Abnormal development of lymph-
cells.

achroiqcythemia (ah-kroi-o-si-the'-me-ah) , or achroe-
ocythaemia (ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah) [axpoios, colorless;
kvtos, cell; olp,a blood]. A deficiency of hemoglobin
in the red corpuscles; also, the diseased state that is
associated with such deficiency.

achroiocytosis (ah-kroi-o-si-to'-sis). Same as
achroacytosis.

achroma (ah-kro' -mah) [d, priv.; xp«mo. color].
Absence of color; albinism. Syn., achromasia;
achromatia; achromatosis ; achromodermia; vitiligo.
a., congenital, see albinism, a. cutis, see leukoderma.

achromacyte (ah-kro' '-mas-it) [d, priv.; xp«pa. color;
kvtos, cell]. A degenerated, decolorized erythrocyte;
a "phantom" or shadow corpuscle. Syn., Ponfick's
shadow corpuscle; Bizzozero's blood-platelet; Hayem's
corpuscle or hematoblast.

achromasia (ah-kro-ma'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; xp&pa.
color]. (1) An absence of color in the body; cachec-
tic pallor. (2) Loss of stain from a cell, a phe-

nomenon occurring in the in vitro method of staining
living cell. See achroma.

achromatia (ah-kro-ma'-she-ah). See achroma.

achromatic (ah-kro-mat'-ik) [d, priv.; xp&A"*. color].
1. Without color. 2. Colorblind. 3. Relating to
achromatin. a. lens, one the dispersing power of
which is exactly neutralized by another lens with
the same curvature, but having a different refrac-
tive index, a. spindle, see nuclear spindle.

achromatin (ah-kro' -mat-in) [d, priv.; xp"M«» color].
The groundwork of the nucleus of a cell; it is so
called because it is not readily stained by coloring
agents.

achromatism (ah-kro' -mat-izm) [d, priv.; xp&na-,
color]. 1. Absence of chromatic aberration. 2. Ab-
sence of color.

achromatophil (ah-kro-mat'-o-fil) [d, priv.; xp«a»*.
color; 4>Chtlv, to love]. 1. Showing no affinity for
stains. 2. A microbe or histologic element which
does not stain readily.

achromatophilia (ah-kro-mat-o-fil'-e-ah) [achro-
matophil]. The condition of being refractory to
staining.

achromatopsia (ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [d, priv.;
xpu>p.a, color; bxj/is, sight]. Color-blindness; dalton-
ism, a., partial, a form in which only one pair of
colors, which to the normal eye are complementary,
appear gray or white, a., total, that in which all
the colors appear as white or gray.

achromatosis (ah-kro-mat-o'-sis) [d, priv.; xp&M-a-,
color]. Any disease characterized by deficiency of
pigmentation in the integumentary tissues.

achromatous (ah-kro' -mat-us) [&, priv.; xpwm<*.
color]. Deficient in color.

achromaturia (ah-kro-ma-tu'-re-ah) [a, priv.; xp«pa>
color; ovpop, urine]. A colorless state of the urine.

achromia (ah-kro' -me-ah). See achroma.

achromodermia (ah-kro-mo-der' -me-ah) [d, priv.;
XP&p-a, color; Sepp.0., skin]. An albino tic or colorless
state of the skin.

achromophilous (ah-kro-mof -il-us) [d, priv.; xpw/xa.
color; <t>i\eip, to love]. Not readily stained; not
chromophilous.

achromotrichia (ah-kro-mo-trik'-e-ah) [d, priv.;
XP«pa. color; 0pi'£, hair]. Absence of pigment from
the hair.

achromous (ah-kro' -mus) [&, priv.; xp^mo. color].
Pale, colorless; having no color.

achronizoic (ah-kron-e-zo'-ik) [d, priv.; xpovi$eiv,
to hold out]. A term applied to drugs which are
incapable of remaining unchanged for any length of
time.

achronychous (ak-ron'-ik-us). See acronychous.

achroodextrin (ah-kro-o-deks'-trin) [axpoos, color-
less; dexter, right]. A reducing dextrin formed by
the action of the diastatic ferment of saliva upon
starch. It is a modification of dextrin and may be
precipitated by alcohol; it is not converted into sugar
by ptyalin, nor colored by iodine.

achylia (ah-ki'-le-ah) [a, priv.; xv^os, juice]. Ab-
sence of chyle. Syn., achylosis. a. gastrica, Ein-
horn's term for a condition of the stomach marked
by destruction of the glandular structures with
resulting absence of chyme ferment, and even mucus ;
called anadenia gastrica by Ewald.

achylosis (ah-ki-lo'-sis) [d, priv.; xv^6s, juice].
Deficient chylification. See achylia.

achylous (ah-ki'-lus) [see achylia]. Deficient in
chyle or in one of the digestive juices.

achymia, achymosis (ah-kV -me-ah, ah-ki-mo' -sis)
[d, priv.; x^MoSi chyme]. Deficient formation of
chyme.

achymous (ah-ki'-mus). Deficient in chyme.

acicular (as-ik'-u-lar) [acus, a needle]. Needle-
like.

acid, acidum (as'-id, -um) [acere, to be sour].
1. A name applied to any substance having a sour
taste. 2. A compound of an electronegative element
with one or more atoms of hydrogen which can be
replaced by electropositive atoms, when a salt is
formed. The majority of acids contain oxygen,
and are known as oxy acids; those not containing
oxygen are termed hydrogen acids or hydracids.
Acids vary in their terminations according to the
quantity of oxygen or other electronegative consti-
tuent. Those having the maximum of oxygen end
in -ic; those of a lower degree, in -ous. When there
are more than two combinations, the prefix per- is
joined to the highest, and hypo- to the lowest.
Acids that end in -ic, as sulphuric acid, form salts

ACID

12

ACID

terminating in -ate; those ending in -ous form salts
terminating in -ite. a., abietic, abietinic, see abietic.
a., abric, O2H24N3O, a crystallizable acid, said to
exist in jequirity. a., absinthic, an acid obtained
from wormwood; said to be identical with succinic
acid, a., acetic, an acid solution composed of 36
parts of absolute acetic acid, C2H4O2, and 64 parts
of water. It has strongly acid properties, a., acetic,
dilute, contains 6 % of absolute acid. Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Cc). An impure form, obtained by the de-
structive distillation of wood, is known as wood-
vinegar, or pyroligneous acid, a., acetic, glacial,
the absolute acid occurring in crystals melting at
22.5° C. It is an escharotic. a., acetoacetic, same as
a., diacetic. a., achilleic, same as a., aconitic. a.,
aconitic, CeHeOe, occurs in different plants, as
Aconitum napellus, sugar-cane, and beet-root. It
crystallizes in small plates that dissolve readily in
alcohol, ether, and water, and melt at i86°-i87°.
a., acrylic. 1. CH2 = CH . CO . OH =C3H402. A
monobasic acid which may be considered as the
oxide of acrolein, a colorless liquid. 2. A general
term for organic acids of the group CnH2n— 2O2, com-
prising two groups, the normal acrylic and the
isoacrylic acids. Normal acrylic acids occur in
vegetable or animal organisms or are derived from
natural products. Isoacrylic acids are formed
synthetically by the abstraction 6f the elements of
water from certain acid ethers, which in turn are
derived from oxalic acid by substituting 2 molecules
of an alcohol radical of the series CnHm+i for an atom
of hydrogen, a., adipic, C6H10O4, obtained by
oxidizing fats with nitric acid. It crystallizes in
shining leaflets or prisms; is soluble in 13 parts of
cold water; melts at 1480. It is dibasic, a., agaric,
a., agaricic, C16H30 . O5+H2O, a resin acid obtained
from the fungus Polyporus officinalis, growing on
larch trees. The acid has been recommended for
checking night-sweats. It also checks the other
excretions and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathar-

QTT

tic. a.s, alcohol, CnH2n<QQjj, monobasic acids

having the properties of the monohydric alcohols.
They are distinguished as primary, secondary, and
tertiary, according as they contain, in addition to
the carboxyl group, the group — CH2OH, the radical
= CHOH, or the group =C . OH. Syn., oxyacids;
hydroxy-fatty acids. Cf. c, glycollic. a.s, aldehyde,
bodies which combine the properties of a carboxylic
acid and of an aldehyde, a., aldepalmitic, Ci6H3oO,2
the chief component of the butter of the cow. a.,
alginic, an organic substance from algae that com-
bines with bases to form soluble and insoluble com-
pounds, a., aliphatic, same as a., fatty, a., allan-
turic, C7H10N6O6, from allantoin, by the action of
dilute nitric acid, a., alloxanic, C4H2N2O4, a crystal-
line acid obtained by treating alloxan with alkalies.
a., alloxypro'teic, a neutral sulphur compound found
in the urine, a., amidoacetic, see glycin. a., ami-
dobenzoic, C7H7NO2, occasionally found in the
urine, a., amidosuccinamic, same as asparagin.
a. s., amino, a large group of nitrogen-holding
substances derived from the decomposition of pro-
teins, a., aminoacetic, same as glycocoll, q. v.
a., anacardic, C22H32O3, a tetratomic acid obtained
by Stadler from the cashew-nut. It is used as an
anthelmintic in the form of ammonium anacardate.
a., angelic, C5H8O2, a crystalline monobasic acid.
It exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in
the roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and
amyl esters in Roman oil of cumin. It crystallizes
in shining prisms, melts at 45°, and boils at 185°.
It has a peculiar odor and taste, a., anisic, CsIIsOs,
obtained by oxidizing anisol and anethol with HNO3,
and from aniseed by the action of oxidizing sub-
stances. It is antiseptic and antipyretic, and is
used in the treatment of wounds and acute articular
rheumatism. Dose of the sodium salt 15 gr. (1 Gra.).
Syn., methylparaoxybenzoic acid, a., anisuric, C10H11-
NO2, an acid formed by the action of anisyl chloride
on the silver compound of glycocoll; it also occurs in
the urine after the ingestion of anise, a., anticyclic, a
white fragrant powder with pleasant, acid taste,
readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol; it is
used as an antipyretic. Dose T£w gr. (0.0006 Gra.).
a., antirrhinic, an acid from the leaves of digitalis.
a., apiolic, decomposition product of apiol. a.,
apocrenic, Berzelius' term for a brown, amorphous
substance obtained from the sediment of chalybeate
waters, a., arabic, see arabin. a., arachic, a.,

arachidic, a., arachinic, C2oH4o02=CwH39 . COOH,
a monobasic fatty acid obtained from oil of peanut,
Arachis hypogcea. a., argentic, silver monoxide.
a., aromatic, a name applied to certain organic acids
occurring in the balsams, resins, and other odorif-
erous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a dilute
mineral acid reinforced by aromatic substances in
order to modify its flavor, a., arsenic, a., arsenous,
see arsenic trioxide. a., arsinic, any one of a class
of acids formed by the oxidation of arsins or arsonium
compounds, a., aseptic, an antiseptic solution con-
sisting of an aqueous solution of 5 Gm. of boric
acid in 1000 Gm. of hydrogen dioxide (1.5%);
3 Gm. of salicylic acid may be added, a., asparagic,
a., asparaginic, a., asparamic, same as c, aspartic.
a., aspartic, C4H7NO4, occurs in the vinasse obtained
from the beet-root, and is procured from albuminous
bodies in various reactions. It is prepared by
boiling asparagin with alkalies and acids; crystallizes
in rhombic dibasic prisms or leaflets, and dissolves
with difficulty in water, a., aspartic, inactive,
NH2C2H3(C02H)2, formed by heating aspartic acid
with water or with alcoholic ammonia to I40°-I50°
C, or with HC1 to I70°-i8o° C. Syn., asparacemic
acid, a., atrolactic, C9H10O3, a monobasic acid
obtained from acetophenone by means of prussic
acid and H2SO4 or dilute HC1. a., auric, Au(OH)3,
gold trihydroxide. a., azelaic, a., azelainic, C9H16O4,
an oxidation-product of oleic acid, Chinese wax,
castor oil, or cocoanut oil; soluble in water, alcohol,
and ether, melts at io6°-i07° C, and boils at 3600 C.
Syn., anchoic acid; lepargylic acid; azelic acid;
azeloinic acid, a., azotic, nitric acid, a., benzamic,
see a., amidobenzoic. a., benzoic, C7H602, occurs free
in some resins, chiefly in gum benzoin and in coal-
tar. It crystallizes in white, shining needles or leaf-
lets, melts at 1200, and distils at 250°. It volatilizes
readily, its vapor possessing a peculiar odor, a.,
blattic, see antihydropin. a., boric, a., boracic, see
boron, a. of borax, orthoboric acid, a., borocitric,
a combination of boric and citric acid forming a white
powder which is used as a solvent for urates and
phosphates in urinary calculi, gout, etc. Dose
S-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). a., borophenylic, C6H7BO2,
obtained by the action of phosphorus oxychloride
upon a mixture of boric acid and phenol. It is an
antiseptic white powder with a mild aromatic taste,
not easily soluble in water, melting at 2040 C. It is
fatal to lower forms of life, but does not affect the
higher forms. Syn., phenylboric acid, a., borasali-
cylic, B(OH)(OCeH4 . CO2HK a combination of boric
and salicylic acids in molecular proportion. It is
used externally instead of salicylic acid, a., brom-,
one in which bromine has replaced one or more atoms
of hydrogen in the acid radical, a., bromacetic, see
a., monobromacetic. a., bromhydric, hydrobromic
acid, a., bromic, HBrOs, a colorless, acid liquid.
a., bursic, a., bursinic, a yellow, hygroscopic mass
obtained from an aqueous extract of Capsella bursa-
pastoris by the action of lead acetate and ammonia
and evaporating. Its aqueous solution is used in the
same manner as ergotin, hypodermatically and also
internally, a., butic, a., butinic, see a., arachic.
a., butyric, C4H8O2, an acid having a viscid appearance
and rancid smell. It is obtained commercially by
the fermentation of a mixture of sugar and butter or
cheese in the presence of an alkaline carbonate,
but occurs in various plants, in codliver oil, in the
juice of meats, and in the perspiration. Combined
with glycerol as glyceryl butyrate, it is essentially
butter, a., cacodylic, see c, dimethylarsenic. a.,
caffeic, C9H8O4, obtained when the tannin of coffee
is boiled with potassium hydroxide, a., cahincic or
caincic, see cahincin. a., camphoric, C10H16O4, a
dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor with
HNO3; it crystallizes from hot water in colorless
leaflets; melts at 1780, and decomposes into water
and its anhydride, CsHi4(CO)20. It is used in night-
sweats of phthisis. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.).
a., capric or caprinic, C9H19CO.OH, occurs in small
quantity as a glycerid in cow's butter. It crystallizes
in fine needles, melting at 300 C, and is very insoluble
in boiling water, a., caproic, C6H12O2, the sixth in
the series of fatty acids; a clear, mobile oil, colorless,
inflammable, and with a very acid and penetrating
taste, a., caprylic or caprillic, C7H15CO . OH, an
acid combined with glycerol, forming a glycerid
existing in various animal fats ; it is liquid at ordinary
temperatures, a., carbamic, H2N . CO . OH, car-
bonic acid in which NH2 replaces OH ; it is not known

ACID

13

ACID

in the free state; its ammonium salt is contained
in commercial ammonium carbonate. The esters of
carbamic acid are called urethanes. a., car baz otic,
see a., picric, a., carbolic, C6H5OH, phenol, — the
official designation of this substance, — is procured
from coal-tar by fractional distillation. It has a
very peculiar and characteristic odor, a burning taste,
is poisonous, and has antiseptic properties. The
sp. gr. at the melting-point is 1. 060-1. 066; it crystal-
lizes in colorless rhombic needles that melt at about
40° C, boiling at about 1800, and it is not decom-
posed upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it
dissolves in water with difficulty (1 : 19.6 at 250 C),
but is soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid,
and glycerol in all proportions. It unites with bases
to form salts, known as carbolates. Upon exposure to
light and air it deliquesces and acquires a pinkish
color. It is used in the manufacture of many of the
artificial coloring-matters, e. g., picric acid. It is a
powerful antiseptic and germicide. Internally it is
useful in vomiting, fermentation in the stomach, and
as an intestinal antiseptic; locally, as a caustic.
Dose, internally, §-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). a., car-
bolic, camphorated, a mixture of phenol 1 part and
camphor 3 parts, a., carbolic, chlorinated, see
trichlor phenol, a., carbolic, iodized, a solution of 20
parts of iodine in 76 parts of phenol with the addition
of 4 parts of glycerol. It is used as an antiseptic and
escharotic. a. carbolic, liquefactum (B. P.). Dose
1-2 min. (0.06-0.13 Cc). a., carbolsulphuric, a
mixture of equal parts of phenol and concentrated
sulphuric acid. It is used as a disinfectant in 2 to
3 % solution, a., carbonaceous, see carbon dioxide.
a., carbonaphtholic, see a., oxynaphthoic. a., car-
bonic, CO2, carbon dioxide; an ultimate product of
the combustion of carbon compounds; a colorless,
odorless gas, heavier than air, incapable of sustaining
respiration, a., carminic, Ci-HisOio, a coloring-
matter found in the buds of certain plants, and
especially in cochineal, an insect inhabiting different
varieties of cactus. It is an amorphous, purple-red
mass, readily soluble in water and alcohol, and yields
red salts with the alkalis, a., carthamic, see car-
thamin. a., caseic, lactic acid (q. v.). a., cate-
chinic, or catechuic, same as catechin. a., cathartic,
a., cathartinic, an active principle from several
species of cassia, a., cerebric, or cerebrinic, C59H113-
NO3, from brain tissue, a., cerotic, or cerotinic,
C27H34O2, a fatty acid existing in beeswax and in
Chinese wax. a.-characteristic, the replaceable
hydrogen and the elements immediately bound to it
in the molecule of an acid, as the CO . OH of organic
acids, a., chloracetic [chlorine and acetic], an acid,
called also monochlor acetic acid produced by the
substitution of chlorine for the hydrogen of the
radical in acetic acid. It is sometimes used as a
caustic, a., chloric, HCIO3, an acid known only
in its compounds (chlorates) and its aqueous solution.
a., cholalic, see a., cholic. a., choleic, C24H40O4, from
ox-bile, a., cholesteric, C12H10O7, an acid obtained
by Tappeiner from the oxidation of cholic acid with
potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid. This
must not be confounded with cholesterinic acid.
a., cholesterinic, CsHioOs, a dibasic acid obtained
from cholesterin and from cholic acid by action of
nitric acid; it occurs as a gum-like, yellow, hygro-
scopic body with an acrid taste, a., cholic, a.,
cholalic, C24H42O5, from glycocholic and taurocholic
acids; it crystallizes from out of a hot solution in
small anhydrous prisms, sparingly soluble in water,
and melting at 195 °. a., choloidic, derived from
cholalic acid, a., chondroitic, C1SH27SNO17, from
cartilage, a., chromic (chromii trioxidum, U. S. P.),
strictly, the compound H2Cr04; it forms salts called
chromates. It is a crystalline solid; escharotic.
a., chrysophanic, C15H10O4, exists in the lichen,
Parmelia parietina, in senna leaves, and in the
rhubarb root. It crystallizes in golden-yellow
needles or prisms, melting at 162 °. Syn., rheinic
acid. See chrysarobin. a., cinchotannic, see cincho-
tannin. a., cinnamic, a., cinnamylic, C9H8O2, occurs
in peru and tolu balsams, in storax, and in some
benzoin resins. It has been used in tuberculosis,
both internally and externally. Dose 1-10 min.
(0.06-0.65 Cc.) hypodermatically. a., citric, CsHsO-,
occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberries,
beets, and in various other acid fruits. It crystallizes
with one molecule of water in large rhombic prisms
that melt at ioo°, are colorless, inodorous, and ex-
tremely sharp in taste. It is refrigerant, antiseptic,

and diuretic, a., colopholic, a., colophonic, an acid
obtained from turpentine; it is used in plasters.
a., copahuvic, a., copaivic, C20H30O2, an almost
colorless, coarsely crystalline powder, obtained from
copaiba; it is soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene.
Sometimes written copaibic A. a., cresolsulphuric,
C7H7O . SO2 . OH, exists in the urine in small traces.
a., cresotic, a., cresotinic, C8H&O3, an aromatic
acid of which 3 isomeric compounds may be
formed by the action of sodium and carbonic
anhydride on the 3 modifications of cresol. They
all occur in acicular crystals. The para compound,
melting at 151° C. is used as an antipyretic in the
form of sodium cresolate. Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3
Gm.); maximum dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). Syn., oxy-
toluic acid; homosalicylic acid, a., cresylic, see
cresol. a., cryptophanic, C10H18N2O10, said to exist
in small quantities in human urine, a., cubebic,
Ci3Hh07(?), a white, waxy mass, turning brown on
exposure, obtained from cubeb berries, the unripe
fruit of Piper cubeba, soluble in alcohol, ether, and
alkaline solutions, and used as a diuretic. Dose
5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) in pills several times daily.
a., cumic, C10H12O2, produced by the oxidation of
cuminic alcohol with dilute HNO3. Very soluble in
water and alcohol; crystallizes in colorless needles or
leaflets; melts at 1160 and boils at about 2900.
a., cyanic, CONH, obtained by heating polymeric
cyanuric acid, a., cyanuric, see a., tricyanic. a.,
cynureinic, C20H14N2O6, decomposition product of
proteids found in dogs' urine, a., damaluric, C7H12O2,
found in urine, a., dextrotartaric, tartaric acid.
a., diacetic, C4H6O3, an acid present in the urine in
certain stages of diabetes and other diseased con-
ditions, a., dichloracetic, CHCI2 . CO2H, produced
when hydrated chloral is heated with CNK or
potassium ferrocyanide and water. At ordinary
temperature it occurs as a caustic, colorless liquid,
but crystallizes at a low temperature. Sp. gr.,
1.522 at 150 C; boils at i89°-i9i° C; soluble in
water and alcohol. It is used as an escharotic in
skin diseases, a., diiodosalicylic, C7H4I2O3, a white,
crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and ether,
slightly soluble in water, and melting at 220°-230° C.
It is antipyretic,, analgesic, and antiseptic, and is
used in rheumatism and gout. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-
1.3 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in wafers; maximum dose
30 gr. (2 Gm.). a., dimethylarsenic, As(CH3)200H,
a substance formed by the oxidation of cacodyl,
occurring in large, permanent prisms, odorless and
slightly sour. It is soluble in water and alcohol
and melts at 2000 C. It is considered not to be
toxic, and because of its solubility is easily absorbed.
Syn., cacodylic acid, a., dithiochlorsalicylic, SCeH .-
CI . OH . COOH, a reddish-yellow powder obtained
by heating a mixture of salicylic acid and sulphur
chloride to 1400 C. It is recommended as an anti-
septic, a., dithiosalicylic, C14H10S2O6, obtained from
salicylic acid and sulphur chloride heated to 1500 C,
and existing in two modifications differing in the
solubility of their salts. It is an antiseptic, analgesic,
antipyretic, yellowish-gray powder, partly soluble
in water. Its lithium and sodium salts only are used
in medicine as substitutes for salicylic acid, a.,
doeglic, C19H36O2, a crystalline monobasic acid
obtained from the oil of the doegling, or bottle-nosed
whale, a., dracic, a., draconic, a., draconylic, see
a., anisic, a., ethylenelactic, CH2 (OH) . CH2 . -
C02H=C3H603, an acid isomeric with ethidene
lactic acid or the lactic acid of fermentation; is
obtained from acrylic acid by heating with aqueous
sodium hydroxide to ioo° C. and in various other
ways. It is a thick, uncrystallizable syrup; on
heating it loses water and is converted into acrylic
acid. Syn., hydracrylic acid; fi-oxypropionic acid;
P-hydroxypropionic acid, a., ethylenephenylhydra-
zinsuccinic, C20H22N4O6, an acid obtained from an
alcoholic solution of ethylenephenylhydrazin and
succinic anhydride by boiling. It occurs in acicular
crystals, soluble in water. It is used as an anti-
pyretic, a., ethylidenelactic, lactic acid, a., ex-
cretolic, fatty acid from feces, a., fatty, a monobasic
acid formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol.
The fatty acids have a general formula of CnH2n02.
Syn., aliphatic acid, a., fellic, C23H40O4, a crystalline
cholic acid obtained by Schotten from human bile;
it is due to admixture with this acid that cholic acid
from human bile differs in appearance from that
obtained from other sources, a., filicic, ChHisOo,
from rhizome of Dryopteris filix-mas. a., fluoric,

ACID

14

ACID

hydrofluoric acid in aqueous solution; a strong
escharotic. a., formic, CH2O2, an acid obtained
from a fluid emitted by ants when irritated; it is
also found in stinging nettles, in shoots of the pine,
and in various animal secretions. It is prepared by
heating oxalic acid and glycerol. It is a colorless,
mobile fluid, with a pungent odor; it is a vesicant.
a., gallic, C7H6O6, occurs free in nutgalls, in tea, and
in the fruit of various other plants. It is obtained
from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute
acids. It crystallizes in fine, silky needles containing
one molecule of water. It dissolves slowly in water
and readily in alcohol and ether; has a faintly acid,
astringent taste; melts at near 2200. It is astringent
and disinfectant; useful in night-sweats, diabetes,
and chronic diarrhea, a., gallotannic, the tannin of
nut-galls, a., gaultheric, see methyl salicylate.
a., gentianic, gentisin, q. v. a., gluconic, C6H12O7,
formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane-sugar,
dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlorine or bromine
water. Most readily obtained from glucose. It is
dextrorotatory, but does not reduce Fehling's solu-
tion. Melts at 2000. a., glutamic, a., glutaminic,
C5H9NO4, decomposition product of proteids. a.,
glutaric, C5H8O4, found in decomposing pus. a.,
glycerinophosphoric, a., glycerinphosphoric, C3H9PO6,
a dibasic acid in combination with the fatty acids
and cholin as lecithin in the yolk of eggs, in bile, in
the brain, and in the nervous tissue. It is formed
by mixing glycerol with metaphosphoric acid. It is
a pale yellow, oily liquid, without odor, having a
sour taste; soluble in water and alcohol; is used in
the treatment of neurasthenia, tabes, etc. Dose
1 1-S gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) 3 times daily, a., glycerin-
sulphuric, C3H8SO6, a monobasic body forming a
series of salts called glycerosulphates. Syn., sulpho-
glyceric acid, a., glycerophosphoric, a decomposition
product of lecithin, a., glycerosulphuric, see a.,
glycerinsulphuric. a., glycocholic, C26H43NO6, a
monobasic acid found in bile; sparingly soluble in
water t and crystallizing in minute needles, a.,
glycollic, C2H4O3, oxy acetic acid, produced by the
action of nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid. It is a
thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on standing
over sulphuric acid; the crystals melt at 8^° and
deliquesce in the air. It dissolves readily in alcohol,
water, or ether, a., glycosuric, an acid sometimes
occurring in urine, a., glycuronic, CeHioO. This
acid has been found in urine; it probably does not
exist there normally, but appears after taking certain
drugs, as benzol, indol, nitrobenzol, and the quinine
derivatives, a., guaiacolcarbonic, a., guaiacolcar-
boxylic, C8H8O4, a monobasic crystalline acid, melting
at 150° C. It is antiseptic and antipyretic, a.,
gummic, see arabin. a., gymnemic, C32H55O12, a
greenish-white, amorphous powder with a harsh
acid taste, soluble in alcohol and chloroform and
slightly soluble in water and ether. It is obtained
from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, and obtunds
the taste for bitter or sweet things, but not for sour,
pungent, or astringent ones. It is used as a mouth-
wash in 12 % hydroalcoholic solution before taking
nauseous medicines, a., helvellaic, an acid which
destroys red blood-corpuscles, obtained by Bohm
from juice of the mushrooms belonging to the genus
Helvella. sl., helvellic, C12H20O7, an acid obtained
from fresh belladonna, occurring as a yellow, trans-
parent, syrupy liquid of strong acid reaction, a.,
hippuric, C9H9NO3, occurs in considerable amount
in the urine of herbivorous animals, sometimes in
that of man. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and
dissolves readily in hot water and alcohol. Syn.,
benzoyl glycocoll. a., homogentisic, CsHsO^, same as
a., oxymandel, an acid separated by Baumann from
highly-colored urine, believed to be formed by the
action of bacteria on the tyrosin normally found in
pancreatic digestion, a., hydra-, see hydrogen acids
under acid, a., hydracrylic, C3H6O3, an acid isomeric
with lactic acid. See a., eihylenelactic. a., hydriodic,
HI, a gaseous acid. Its solution (acidum hydri-
odicum dilutum, U. S. P.) and a syrup prepared from
it, syrupus acidi hydriodici (U. S. P.), are used as
alteratives, with the general effects of iodine. Dose
of the syrup 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). a., hydriodic, dilute,
a 10 % solution of hydriodic acid in 90 % of water;
an alterative of especial value in scrofulosis of
children, a., hydrobromic, HBr; the dilute acid,
which is the chief form used, consists of 10 parts
acid and 90 parts water. It is a solvent for quinine,
is useful in hysteria, congestive headaches, and

neuralgia, and is recommended as a substitute for
potassium and sodium bromides. Dose 20 min.-
2 dr. (1.3-8.0 Cc). a., hydrochloric, HC1, a liquid
consisting of 31 -9 % by weight of HC1 gas in 68.1 %
of water. It is colorless, pungent and intensely acid.
Syn., muriatic acid, a., hydrochloric, dilute, a 10 %
solution of absolute acid in water. Valuable as an
aid to digestion. Dose 3-10 min. (0.19-0.65 Cc).
a., hydrocyanic, aqueous, the hydrocyanic acid
obtained by distillation, which contains a certain
percentage of water before removal by fractional
distillation and desiccation, a., hydrocyanic, dilute,
HCN, a liquid consisting of 2 % of the acid with
98 % of water and alcohol. It possesses an odor like
that of bitter almonds. Prussic acid is found in
the bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the
cherry-laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled.
It is one of the most active poisons known, death
from complete asphyxia being almost instantaneous.
It is valuable for its sedative effects in vomiting,
whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose
1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 Cc). Syn., prussic acid, a.,
hydrocyanic, vapor, 1 part of dilute acid in 4-6 parts
of water, warmed, and the vapor inhaled to relieve
irritable coughs, a., hydrofluoric, HF, a compound
of hydrogen and fluorine; powerfully corrosive, used
for etching on glass, a., hydroparacumaric, C9H10O3,
occurs in urine in minute quantities, a., hydro-
sulphuric, H2S, a gas formed during the putrefaction
of albuminous substances ; it occurs in sulphur mineral
waters, and is produced by the action of mineral acids
on metallic sulphides. It has the odor of rotten
eggs. Syn., hydrogen sulphide; sulphureted hydrogen;
sulphhydric acid, a., hypochlorous, HCIO, an
unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and
bleaching agent, a., hypogeic, a., hypogaeic, C18H30O2,
a monobasic acid found in peanut (Arachis hypogcea)
oil, occurring as fine, colorless, stellate groups of
needles which melt at 330 C. and solidify again at
28°-30° C; soluble in alcohol and ether; insoluble
in water, a., hyponitrous, HNO, forms hyponitrites.
a., hypophosphorous, H3PO2; its salts (hypophos-
phites), also the dilute acid, and a syrup prepared
from it, are used as remedial agents, a., ichthyol-
sul phonic, C28H28S3O6, an acid produced from Tyro-
lean bituminous mineral by the action of sulphuric
acid; it is strongly acid and contains about 16.4 %
of sulphur. It is antiphlogistic and astringent, and
is used in the form of its salts, chiefly "ichthyol,"
the ammonium salt, a., igasuric, from seeds and
surrounding pulp of nux vomica, a., indigosulphuric,
C16H10S2N2O8, from indigo by the action of sulphuric
acid, a., indoxylsulphonic, C8H7NSO4, found in
urine, a., indoxylsulphuric, an acid that, combined
with potassium, occurs in the urine as indican.
a., inorganic, a mineral acid or one in which the
carboxyl group CO . OH is absent, a., inosic, a.,
inosinic, C10H14N4O11, found in muscle tissue, a.,
iodic, HIO3, a monobasic acid. Its solution (2 %)
has been recommended as an alterative by sub-
cutaneous injection, a., iodosobenzoic, CsH4 . 01 .-
COOH2, a compound analogous in action to iodo-
form, a., isobutylcarbonic, a., isobutylcarboxyHc,
see a., valeric, normal, a., isobutylformic, a., iso-
propylacetic, see a., isovaleric, a., isovaleric, (CH3)2 .-
CH . CH2 . CO2H, an isomer of valeric acid, obtained
from oil of valerian or from oxidation of amyl-alcohol ;
occurs as a transparent, colorless, oily liquid with odor
of valerian and old cheese; melts at 51 ° C; boils at
1740 C. Sp. gr., 0.9470 at o° C. Used in nervous
affections. Maximum dose 10 drops; a day, 40
drops. Syn., monohydrated valeric acid; valeric
acid; primary pentoic acid; isobutyl carboxyl; iso-
propylacetic acid, a., jecoleic, an acid forming one
of the essential constituents of cod-liver oil and
isomeric with doeglic acid, a., kombic, a compound
obtained by Fraser in the lead precipitate from an
aqueous solution of alcoholic extract of strophanthin.
It is freely soluble in water and of strongly acid
reaction, a., kynureic, see a., cynureic. a., lactic,
HC3H5O3, a liquid containing 75 % of absolute acid
in 25 % of water, produced in the fermentation of
milk. It is useful in aiding digestion, in diabetes, in
tuberculosis of the larynx, and as a solvent of false
membrane in diphtheria. Dose f dr.-| oz. (2-16
Cc.) in the 24 hours, a., lactic, diluted (B. P.),
lactic acid, 3 oz., distilled water, sufficient to make
one pint. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). a., lactolactic,
a., lactylolactic, C6H10O5, a monobasic acid obtained
from a solution of lactic acid heated to 1300 to

ACID

15

ACID

1400 C. Syn., lactyl lactate; lactic anhydride; lactyl
anhydride, a., lanoceric, C30H60O4, an acid resulting
from the saponification of lanolin; it melts at 1040 C.
a., lanopalmitic, C16H32O3, resulting from the saponi-
fication of lanolin. It melts at 87 °. a., leucamic,
see leucin. a., levulinic, CeHgOs, obtained from
levulose, cellulose, cane-sugar, etc.; a very hygro-
scopic crystalline substance, soluble in water, ether,
or alcohol, and melting at 33-5° C. a., linoleic,
C16H28O2, occurs as a glycerid in drying oils, such as
linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. a.,
lupamaric, the bitter acid of hops, a., lysuric,
C6Hi2(COC6H5)2N202, a substance obtained by
Drechsel from lysin by action of benzoyl chloride.
a., maleic, a., maleinic, C4H4O4, obtained from malic
acid by distillation; it occurs in prisms, soluble in
water, alcohol, and ether, melting at 130 ° C, boiling
at 160° C. a., malic, C4H6O5, a bibasic acid, occurring
free or in the form of salts in many plant-juices, in
unripe apples, in grapes, and in mountain-ash
berries. It forms deliquescent crystals that dissolve
readily in alcohol, slightly in ether, and melt at ioo°;
it has a pleasant acid taste, a., malonic, C3H4O4,
occurs in the deposit found in the vacuum pans
employed in beet-sugar manufacture; it may be
obtained by the oxidation of malic acid with chro-
mium trioxide. a., mandelic, CeHs . CH(OH) . CO2-
H, formed from benzaldehyd by the action of prussic
acid and HC1. a., mannitic, C6H12O7, from sugars
by oxidation, a., margaric, a., margarinic, C11H34O2,
a monobasic acid existing in nearly all animal fats
and occurring as a solid substance melting at about
6o° C. It is believed by some to be a mere mixture
of palmitic and stearic acids, a., marine, hydro-
chloric acid, a., meconic, C7H4O7, a tribasic acid,
occurring in opium in union with morphine. It
crystallizes with 3H2O in white laminae, a., mephi-
tic, carbon dioxide, a., mesotartaric, inactive
tartaric acid obtained by heating 30 parts of tartaric
acid with 4 parts of water for 2 hours to 165 ° C.
a., metaphosphoric, HPO3, a glassy solid, freely solu-
ble in cold water, and converted by boiling into
orthophosphoric acid. It is used as a test for albumin
in the urine, a., mineral, see a., inorganic, a.,
monobromacetic, C2H3Br02, produced by heating
acetic acid with bromine; it is escharotic and anti-
septic. Syn., bromacetic acid, a., monochloracetic,
C2H3CIO2, from chlorine by action of boiling acetic
acid containing sulphur and iodine; used in xanthoma.
a., monoiodosalicylic, C7H5IO3, produced by boiling
salicylic acid with iodine and alcohol. It is used in
acute articular rheumatism. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3
Gm.) a day. a., mononitrosalicylic, CeH3(N02)OH .-
CO2H, an acid obtained by action of nitric acid on
indigo or on salicylic acid. Syn., indigotic acid;
nitrospiroylic acid; nitroanilic acid; anilic acid, a.,
morphoxylacetic, C17H28NO3 . C . H2CO2H, a narcotic
similar to morphine but weaker, a., mucic, CeHioOs,
from gums and sugars, a., muriatic, see a., hydro-
chloric, a., muriatic, dephlogisticated, a., muriatic,
oxygenated, chlorine, a., muriatic, superoxygenated,
chloric acid, a., myoctonic, an acid obtained from
Palicourea marcgrafii, occurring as a yellowish, oily,
narcotic, and extremely poisonous liquid, a.,
myristic, C14H28O2, from nutmegs, a., myronic,
C10H19NS2O10, an acid that occurs as a potassium
salt in the seeds of black mustard, a., /3-naph-
thalinsulphonic, C10H7 . SO3H, an acid occurring in
white, opalescent scales with generally a tinge of
red; freely soluble in water and alcohol, slightly in
ether. It is a sensitive reagent for albumin, a.,
naphthionic, CioH6(NH2) . SO3H, an acid obtained
from naphthylamine by action of ammonium sulphite.
It is recommended as an antidote for nitrite poison-
ing; also in the treatment of acute iodism and in
troubles of the bladder originating in the alkalescence
of the urine. Dose 40-60 gr. (2.5-4.0 Gm.) daily.
Syn., a-naphthylaminsulphonic acid, a., naphthoic,
C11H8O2, a crystalline substance of which 2 isomeric
compounds may be formed by saponification of the
2 modifications of naphthonitril. a., narcotic, see
narcotin. a., neurostearic, C18H36O2, from brain-
tissue, a., nicotinic, C6H5NO3, from tobacco,
a., nitric, HNO3, a liquid consisting of 68 % absolute
acid in 32 % of water. The pure acid is colorless,
fuming, and highly caustic. It is used in cauteriza-
tion of chancres and phagedenic ulcers and as a
reagent, a., nitric, anhydrous, nitrogen pentoxide.
a., nitric, dilute, contains 10 % absolute acid. It is
used internally to aid digestion, to stimulate the

hepatic function, etc. Dose 3-15 min. (0.2-1.0 Cc),
well diluted, a., nitric, monohydrated, pure nitric
acid, a., nitro-, an acid produced from another
acid by replacing the hydrogen with nitryl (NO2).
a., nitroanilic, same as a., mononitrosalicylic. a.,
nitrohydrochloric, a., nitromuriatic, a golden-yellow,
fuming mixture of 4 parts of nitric and 15 of hydro-
chloric acid. It is a solvent of gold; it is valuable
in affections of the liver. Dose 1-7 min. (0.06-0.45
Cc), very dilute. Syn., aqua regia. a., nitro-
hydrochloric, dilute, consists of 4 parts nitric acid,
18 parts hydrochloric acid, and 78 parts water.
Dose 5-20 min. (0.3-1.3 Cc), well diluted, a.,
nitrosonitric, fuming nitric acid, a., nitrospiroylic,
see a., mononitrosalicylic. a., nitrous, HNO2, from
decomposing nitrites, a., Nordhausen, brown,
fuming sulphuric acid, first manufactured at Nord-
hausen. a., nucleic, a., nucleinic, any one of a
group of organic acids containing C, H, O, N, and
a large proportion of P. The nucleic bases are present
in the nucleic acid radicals as organic compounds.
The nucleic acids occur in nature, free or in combina-
tion with albumins, when they are called primary
acids. On decomposition they yield nucleic bases,
and according to their origin are termed sperma-
nucleic acid, thymono-nucleic acid, yeast-rmcleic acid,
etc According to Kossel, there are in reality only
4 true nucleic acids, viz., adenylic acid, guanylic
acid, sarcylic (hypoxanthylic) acid, and xanthylic
acid. On decomposition the primary acids give rise
to secondary acids which contain more phosphorus
than the primary acids, and may or may not give
rise to xanthin bases on further decomposition;
according to Simon, they may be divided into acids
of the type of plasminic acid and of thyminic acid
respectively, a., oleic, a., oleinic, C18H34O2, an acid
present in many fats and oils. It is a colorless oil,
crystallizing on cooling, soluble in alcohol, benzol,
and the essential oils; insoluble in water. It saponi-
fies when heated with alkaline bases. It is used in
making the oleates. a., organic, an acid char-
acterized by the presence of the carboxyl group,
CO. OH. a., orthoamidosalicylic, C6H3(NH2)(OH)-
COOH, a gray, amorphous, slightly sweet, inodorous
powder obtained by reduction of orthonitrosalicylic
acid and insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It is
employed in chronic rheumatism. Dose 3-7 gr.
(0.25-0.5 Gm.). a., orthoboric, see boron, a.,
orthophosphoric, H3PO4, ordinary phosphoric acid,
as distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro-
phosphoric acids, a., osmic, Os04, the oxide of
osmium, one of the rarer elements; it occurs as yellow,
acrid, burning crystals, yielding an intensely irri-
tating vapor; has been recommended for hypo-
dermatic use in sciatica, strumous glands, and
cancer; is used in histology as a fixing agent and stain
for fat. a., otoic, same as a., caprylic. a., oxalic,
C2H2O4, a colorless, crystalline solid, obtained by
treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash.
Occurs in many plants, chiefly as potassium oxalate;
with 2 parts of water it crystallizes in fine, trans-
parent monoclinic prisms. Is soluble in 9 parts of
water at moderate temperature and quite easily in
alcohol. Has been recommended in amenorrhea.
In large doses it is a violent poison, a., oxaluric,
C3H4N2O4, oxidation product of uric acid, a., oxuricr
Vauquelin's name for impure alloxanic acid, a.,
oxybutyric, see oxybutyric. a., oxygen, an acid
containing more oxygen than is requisite for satura-
tion, a., oxymandelic, CsH804, occurs in urine in
acute yellow atrophy of the liver, a., oxymuriatic.
1. Hydrochloric acid. 2. Chloric acid. 3. Chlorine.
a., /3-oxynaphthoic, C11H8O3, obtained from sodium
betanaphthol by the action of carbon dioxide with
heat. It is a surgical antiseptic Syn., P-naphthol-
carboxylic acid; 0-carbonaphthoic acid, a., oxypro-
pionic, lactic acid, a., oxypro'teic, a neutral sulphur
compound found in the urine, a., palmitic, C16H32O2,
an acid existing as a glycerol ether in palm-oil and
in most solid fats, a., paracresotic, C6H8O3, an
intestinal antiseptic, a., parafumaric, see a., maleic.
a., paralac'tic, see sarcolactic. a., paraoxyphenyl-
acetic, CsHsOs, found in small quantities in the urine.
a. of pearls, acid phosphate of sodium, a., pectic,
C16H22O15, from pectin, a., perchloric, HCIO4, a
volatile liquid; it forms perchlorates. a., periodic,
HI04-f-2H20, an acid obtained from iodine by the
action of concentrated perchloric acid; is soluble in
water and alcohol, slightly in ether, and melts at
i30°-i33° C. Is a powerful oxidizer. Syn., hepta-

ACID

16

ACID

iodic acid, a., permanganic, HMnGi, a monobasic
acid, a., perosmic, see a., osmic. a., phenacetu'ric,
found in the urine of herbivorous animals, sometimes
in human urine, a., phenic, carbolic acid, a.,
phenolsulphonic, see a., sulpho carbolic, a., phenylic,
phenol, a., phenylsalicylic, C13H10O4, a white, anti-
septic powder, soluble in alcohol, ether, and glycerol,
but very slowly in water; is used as a surgical dressing
like iodoform. Syn., orthooxydiphenylcarbolic acid;
phenylorthooxybenzoic acid, a., phenylsulphuric, see
a., sulphocarbolic. a., phocenic, see a., valeric.
a., phosphoantimonic, a yellowish, very acid sub-
stance, obtained from antimonium pentachloride by
the action of concentrated aqueous solution of sodium
phosphate. Used as an alkaloid reagent, a., phos-
phocarn'ic, O0H17N3O5, a nitrogenous extraction of
muscle, a., phosphoric, H3PO4, contains so % each
of acid and of water; is obtained from bones or by
oxidation of phosphorus. Syn., orthophosphoric acid.
a., phosphoric, anhydrous, P2O5, obtained from
phosphorus by complete combustion, occurring as a
bulky, light, white, deliquescent powder, soluble in
water. Is used as a chemical agent, a., phosphoric,
dilute, contains 10 % of absolute acid. Employed
in digestive disturbances, in strumous diseases, and
to dissolve phosphatic deposits. Dose 5-30 min.
(0.32-2.0 Cc). a., phosphoric, glacial, a., phos-
phoric, monobasic, see a., metaphosphoric. a., phos-
phorous, H3PO3, a dibasic oxyacid of phosphorus,
containing one atom of oxygen less than phosphoric
acid, a., phosphotungstic, H3PO4 . 12WO3, an acid
used as an alkaloid and peptone test, a., picric,
C6H2(N02)30H, obtained by the nitration of phenol.
Forms pale yellow, shining, prismatic, laminar, or
columnar crystals, which possess a very bitter taste.
Is readily soluble in hot water; its solution dyes silk
and wool a beautiful yellow color. It is recom-
mended as an antiperiodic and anthelmintic. Used
as a test for albumin and sugar. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.32-1.0 Gm.) a day. Syn., carbazotic acid; trini-
trophenol. a., pimentic, see eugenol. a., pipitzahoic,
a., pipitzahoinic, C15H20O3, a purgative principle
discovered by Rio de la Loza in species of Perezia,
and also obtained from Trixis radiale. Used as a
mild# drastic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). a.,
pivalic, see a., valeric, tertiary, a., plasminic, a
secondary nucleic acid obtainable from yeast. Is
soluble in water and precipitates albumins in acid
solution. Its phosphoric acid radical is capable of
forming a true organic iron compound containing
1 % of iron. On decomposition with mineral acids
by boiling it yields nucleic bases and phosphoric
acid, a., plumbic, Pb02, lead dioxide, a., polybasic,
acids containing several carboxyl groups, a., poly-
chromic, see a., aloetic. a., propionic, C3H6O2, an
oxidation-product of propylic alcohol; it is a clear,
colorless liquid, with an odor like butyric and acetic
acids, and a specific gravity of 1.013 at o° C.; is
miscible with water and boils at 141 ° C. a., pro-
pionylsalicylic, a compound obtained from salicylic
acid by action of anhydrous propionic acid. Used
in gout and rheumatism, a., prussic, see a., hydro-
cyanic, a., pyridintricarboxylic, a., pyridintricar-
bonic, CsHsNOe, an oxidation-product of cinchona
alkaloids; it is a white, crystalline powder, soluble
in water and alcohol, and melting at 2500 C. Is
antipyretic, antiseptic, and antiperiodic; used in
whooping-cough, typhoid and intermittent fevers,
etc., and externally as an injection in urethral in-
flammation. Dose 10 gr. (0.6 Gm.) 5 times daily.
Syn., carbocinchomeronic acid, a., pyro-, an acid
formed from another acid by action of heat, a.,
pyroboric, H2B4O7, from boric acid by heat, a., pyro-
gallic, CeHeOa, pyrogallol, formed by heating gallic
acid with water to 2100. It forms white leaflets or
needles, is readily soluble in water, less so in alcohol
and ether. Useful in the treatment of certain
skin diseases; is poisonous and must be used with
caution, a., pyroligneous, crude acid obtained in
the destructive distillation of wood. It is a clear
liquid, of reddish-brown color and strong acid taste,
with a peculiar penetrating odor described as em-
pyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains.
It contains from 4 to 7 % of real acetic acid, a.,
pyrophosphoric, the dihydric phosphate, 2H2O . P2O5,
one of the forms of phosphoric acid. It is poisonous.
Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure acid is a
soft glassy mass, a., pyrosorbic, see a., maleic.
a., quinic, C7H12O6, from cinchona bark, a., rheinic,
see a., chrysophanic. a., ricinoleic, C18H34O3, the

active principle of castor oil. a., rosolic, C20H16O3,
from rosanilin by action of nitric acid used as a dye
and test for acids, a., rutic, same as c, capric.
a., rutinic, C25H28O15, the coloring principle of rue.
a., salicylacetic, a., salicyloacetic, C9H8O5, a reaction-
product of sodium salicylate in a soda solution with
sodium monochloracetate; soluble in boiling water
and alcohol, slightly in cold water, ether, chloroform,
and benzene. It is antiseptic and used in the same
manner as salicylic acid. Syn., acetosalicylic acid;'
salicyloxy acetic acid; salicylhydroxyacetic acid, a.,
salicylic, C7H6O3, occurs in the buds of Spircea ulmaria,
in the oil of wintergreen, and in other varieties of
gaultheria. It forms either a white crystalline
powder, or white prismatic and acicular prisms with-
out odor or taste. It is soluble in water and in
chloroform, and is antiseptic; it is used in the treat-
ment of acute articular rheumatism and myalgia.
Dose s-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.), not exceeding 1 dr.
(4 Gm.) daily. Syn., orthooxybenzoic acid, a.,
salicylsulphonic, a., salicylsulphuric, see a., sul-
phosalicylic. a., salicyluric, C9H8(OH)N03, a com-
pound found in urine after taking salicylic acid.
a. of salts, hydrochloric acid, a., sarcolactic, C3H6O3,
occurs in blood and in muscles, to which it gives their
acid reaction, especially after the muscles have been
in a state of activity. It is also found in urine in
phosphorus-poisoning, a., sclerotic, a., sclerotinic,
an acid found in ergot, of which it is one of the
active principles, a., scoparic, see scoparin. a. of
sea-salt, hydrochloric acid, a., septic, nitric acid.
a., sphacelinic, an acid, regarded as the constituent
of ergot, which causes gangrene and develops the
cachexia of that disease, a., stearic, a., stearinic,
C18H36O2, associated with palmitic and oleic acids
as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, the tallows.
a., stibious, SbCh, a colorless, transparent mass,
soluble in alcohol and carbon disulphate, and melting
at 73.20 C. It is a caustic. Syn., antimonious oxide
of antimony; antimony trichloride, a., stibous,
C15H12O3 (Gmelin), a crystalline substance obtained
from oil of bitter almonds by action of fuming
sulphuric acid, a., succinic, C4H6O4, an acid ob-
tained in the distillation of amber, and also prepared
artificially, a., sulphanilic, CeH4(NH2) . SO3H, ob-
tained by heating anilin (1 part) with fuming H2SO4
(2 parts) to 1800 until SO2 appears. It crystallizes
in rhombic plates which effloresce in the air. It is
used as a reagent, a., sulphazotized, a class of acids
formed from potassium nitrite by action of sulphurous
acid, a., sulphocarbolic, C6H5HSO4, phenyl bisul-
phate, formed by the union of phenol and sulphuric
acid. Its salts, the sulphocarbolates, are used in
medicine as intestinal antiseptics, etc. a., sul-
phoindigotic, a., sulphoindylic, see a., indigosulphuric.
a.s, sulphonic, a class of acids of the general formula
Rn . (SO2 . OH)TO when Rn is a radical whose quanti-
valence is N. Such acids are derived from sulphuric
acid by the substitution of a radical for hydroxyl; or
they may be regarded as acid sulphites derived from
sulphurous acid, H2SO3, by the replacement of half
of its hydrogen by a basic radical, a., sulphonilic,
see a., sulphanilic. a., sulphophenic, see c, sul-
phocarbolic. a., sulphophenolic, same as phenol-
sulphonic acid, a., sulphosalicylic, C7H6SO6, an acid
obtained from salicylic acid by the action of sulphuric
anhydride, occurring as white crystals, soluble in
water and alcohol, melting at 1200 C, and colored
an intense violet-red by ferric chloride. It is used as a
test for albumin in urine. Syn., salicylsulphonic
acid, a., sulphothiocarbonic, see a., xanthogenic.
a., sulphuric, H2SO4, a heavy, oily, corrosive acid,
consisting of not less than 92.5 % sulphuric anhydride
and 7-5 % of water. It is used as a reagent and as a
caustic. Syn., oil of vitriol, a., sulphuric aromatic,
contains 20 % acid, diluted with alcohol and flavored
with cinnamon and ginger. It is used as an astringent
in diarrhea and in night-sweats; also in hemoptysis.
Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). a., sulphuric, dilute,
contains 10 % strong acid to 90 % of water. It is
used as an astringent. Dose 10-15 min. (0.65-1.0
Cc.) , well diluted, a., sulphuric, fuming, H2SO4 . SO3,
an oily liquid, fuming in the air, obtained by roasting
ferrous sulphate. Syn., Nordhausen oil of vitriol;
Nordhausen acid, a., sulphurous, H2SO3, a colorless
acid containing about 6.4 % of sulphurous anhydride
in 93.6 % of water. The gas, SO2, is a valuable
disinfectant. The acid is used as a spray or lotion
in diphtheria, stomatitis, and as a wash for indolent
and syphilitic ulcers. The various hyposulphites

ACID

17

ACINETATROPHIA

are mainly valuable in that they decompose and give
off sulphur dioxide. Dose 5 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0
Cc). a., sulphydric, see c, hydrosulphuric. a.,
sumbulic, a., sumbulolic, see a., angelic, a., sylvic,
C20H30O2, from resin, a., tannic, O4H10O9, an astrin-
gent acid obtained from nutgalls, and occurring in
yellowish, scaly crystals. It is soluble in water and
alcohol. It is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids
and tartar emetic, and is used as an astringent in
catarrh of mucous membranes, and externally in
many skin diseases. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.).
Syn., tannin. (For preparations of tannic acid see
respective headings.) a., tanningenic, a., tanningic,
see catechin. a., tartaric, H2C4H4O6, an astringent
acid widely distributed in the vegetable world,
occurring principally in the juice of the grape, from
which it deposits after fermentation in the form of
acid potassium tartrate (argol). It is chiefly em-
ployed in refrigerant drinks and in baking-powders;
20 grains neutralize 27 of potassium bicarbonate,
22 of sodium bicarbonate, and 155 of ammonium
carbonate. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a., tar-
taric, inactive, see a., mesotartaric. a., taurocholic,
C26H45NSO7, occurs in bile; it is very soluble in water
and alcohol and crystallizes in fine needles, a.,
telluric, H2TeCU+2H20, the dibasic acid of tellurium.
a., tetraboric, H2B4O7, boric acid heated to 1600 C,
forming a glassy mass. Syn., pyroboric acid, a.,
tetrathiodichlorsalicylic, (& : C6HCl[OH]COOH)2,
obtained from salicylic acid by the action of sul-
phuryl chloride, and heat; it occurs as a reddish-yellow
powder, soluble in aqueous alkalies. It is antiseptic
and used as a dusting-powder, a., thiacetylenic, see
a., thioacetic. a., thio-, an acid in which sulphur
is substituted for oxygen, a., thioacetic, C2H4OS,
a clear, pungent, sour liquid with a sulphureted
hydrogen odor, obtained from glacial acetic acid and
phosphorus pentasulphide. It is used as a substitute
for sulphureted hydrogen in analysis. Syn., ethane-
thiolic acid; thiacetylenic acid; thiacetic acid; aceto-
sulphuric acid, a., thiolinic, a dark mass, consisting
of linseed oil and sulphur dioxide, used in skin diseases.
Syn., sulphurated linseed oil; thiolin. a., thioncar-
bonthiol, see a., xanthogenic. a., thiosalicylic,
C7H6SO2, a brownish-yellow mass obtained from ami-
dobenzoic acid by the successive action of nitrous
acid and sulphureted hydrogen; a surgical antiseptic.
a., trichloracetic, HC2CI3O2, an acid formed from ace-
tic acid, 3 atoms of the hydrogen of which are, in
the new acid, replaced by chlorine. It is used as a
reagent for the detection of albumin in the urine
and as a caustic, a., trichlorcarbolic, a., trichlor-
phenic, see trichlor phenol, a., tricyanic, H3C3N3O3,
obtained from tricyanogen chloride by boiling it
with water and alkalies. It crystallizes from aqueous
solution with two molecules of water in large rhombic
prisms; soluble in 40 parts of cold water; easily
soluble in hot water and in alcohol. Syn., cyanuric
acid, a., trimethacetic, a., trimethylacetic, a.,
trimethylcarbincarbonic, see a., valeric, tertiary.
a., tropic, C9H10O3, from atropine, a., tumenol-
sulphonic, a substance obtained from tumenol by
action of fuming sulphuric acid; used as a dusting-
powder, a.s, uramic, a series of carbamide — CONH —
compounds occurring in the urine after the ingestion
of amido-acids. They comprise methylhydantoic
acid, taurocarbamic acid, uramidobenzoic acid, and
tyrosinhydantoinic acid or hydantoin hydropara-
cumaric acid. They are found after the ingestion of
sarcosin or methylglycocoll, of taurin, amidobenzoic
acid, and tyrosin respectively, a., ureous, see
xanthin. a., uric, C5H4N4O3, an acid found in the
urine of all animals, especially man and the carni-
vora, — rarely in the herbivora, — abundantly in the
excrement of birds, reptiles, and mollusks. It
exists usually in combination with the metals of the
alkaline group. It is separated from urine by
adding hydrochloric acid and allowing the crystals
to settle, a. of urine. 1. Phosphoric acid. 2. Uric
acid, a., urobenzoic, see a., hippuric. a., urocanic,
a., urocaninic, C6H6N2O2+2H2O, from degs' urine.
a., uroproteic, C66H116N20SO54 +nH20, from dogs'
urine, a., valeric, a., valerianic, C5H10O2, is formed
by oxidizing normal amyl-alcohol. It is a mobile
liquid with caustic acid taste and the pungent smell
of old cheese, a., valeric, active, see a., melhyl-
ethylacelic. a., valeric, normal, CH3(CH2)3C02H, an
isomer of valeric acid, first prepared by Lieben and
Rossi from pentonitril (C4H3CN); it is a liquid with
odor of normal butyric acid, boiling at 1860 C,

melting at 59° C. Sp. gr., 0.9568 at o° C.; Syn.,
pentoic acid; normal propylacetic acid; isobutyl car-
bonic acid, a., valeric, tertiary, (CH3)3C . CO2H, a
fatty crystalline acid containing a tertiary alcohol
radical, discovered by Butlerow, who obtained it
synthetically from tertiary butyl alcohol; melts at
35° C; boils at 163° C. Syn., pivalic acid; trimethyl-
acetic acid; pseudovaleric acid; trimethacetic acid;
pinalic acid; trimethylcarbincarbonic acid, a., ver-
atric, C9H10O4, occurs with veratrine in sabadilla
seeds; soluble in water and alcohol, a., viburnic,
ordinary valeric acid discovered in Viburnum opulus.
a.s, vinic, acids obtained from alcohol by action of
acids, a., vitriolic, sulphuric acid, a., xanthogenic,
HO . CS . SH, an acid not existing in the free state;
the xanthates are obtained from it. Syn., sulpho-
thiocarbonic acid; thioncarbonthiol acid, a.s, xantho-
proteic, nitrogenous substances obtained from solu-
tions of proteids by action of nitric acid, a., xan-
thylic, a primary nucleic acid yielding xanthin on
decomposition, a., yeast-nucleic, C40H59N16O22 .-
2P2O5, a primary nucleic acid occurring in yeast; it
contains a carbohydrate group, as Kossel was able
to obtain from it a hexose and a pentose.

acida (as'-id-ah) [L.]. Plural of acidum, q. v.

acidalbumin (as-id-al-bu'-min). A proteid acted
upon or dissolved in the stronger acids, and yielding
an acid reaction.

acidemia (as-id-e'-me-ah). A condition of de-
creased alkalinity of the blood.

acid-fast (as' -id-fast). Not easily decolorized by
acids when stained.

acidifiable (as-id-i-fi'-a-bl) [acidum, acid; fieri, to
become]. Capable of becoming sour.

acidifiant (as-id-if -i-ant) . See acidifiable.

acidification (as-id'-if-ik-a-shun) [acidum, acid;
facer e, to make]. Conversion into an acid; the
process of becoming sour.

acidify (as-id'-if-i). 1. To convert into an acid.
2. To render sour, to acidulate.

acidimeter {as-id-im' -et-er) [acidum, acid; ukrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for performing acidi-
metry.

acidimetric (as-id-e-met'-rik). Pertaining to acidi-
metry.

acidimetry (as-id-im' -et-re) [see acidimeter]. De-
termination of the free acid in a solution by an
acidimeter or by chemical reactions.

acidism (as'-id-izm) . Same as acidosis, q. v.

acidity (as-id'-it-e) [acidum, acid]. The quality of
being acid; sourness; excess of acid.

acidity of the stomach, sourness of the stomach
due to oversecretion of acid or to fermentation of the
food.

acidol (as'-id-ol). Trade name of betaine hydro-
chloride, C5H12NO2CI.

acidology (as-id-ol'-o-je) [&*«, a bandage, a point;
Xo-yos, a treatise]. The science of surgical appliances.

acidometer (as-id-om'-et-ur). See acidimeter.

acidometric (as-id-o-met'-rik). See acidimetric.

acidometry (as-id-om'-et-re). See acidimetry.

acidophil, acidophile (as-id'-o-fil) [acidum, acid;
<f>[\os, loving]. 1. Susceptible of imbibing acid stains.
2. A substance having an affinity for acid stains.

acidosis (as-id-o'-sis) [acidum, acid]. Acid intoxi-
cation caused by an abnormal production of acids in
the body and their faulty elimination.

acidosteophyte (as-id-os'-te-o-fit) [d»cis, a point;
osteophyte], A sharp, or needle-shaped, osteophyte.

acidoxyl (as-id-oks'-il). A compound of an acidyl
or acid radical with oxygen.

acid-proof (as'-id-pruf). Same as acid-fast, q. v.

acidulate (as-id'-u-lat) [acidulare, to make sour].
To render acid or sour.

acidulated (as-id'-u-la-ted). Somewhat sour or
acid.

acidulous (as-id'-u-lus) [see acidulated]. Mod-
erately sour.

acidulum (as-id'-u-lum) [L. dim. of acidum]. An
acid salt.

acidum (as'-id-um) [L.]. See acid.

acidyl (as'-id-il). The radical of an organic acid,
particularly those hydrocarbons of the formula
CnHn_i.

acidylated (as-id'-il-a-led). Combined with the
residue of a fatty acid (acidyl).

acinesia (as-in-e'-ze-ah). See akinesia.

acinesic, acinetic. See akinetic.

acinetatrophia (as-in-et-at-ro'-fe-ah) [acinesis; at-
rophia]. Atrophy due to lack of exercise.

ACINI

18

ACOCANTHERA

acini (as'-in-i) [L.]. Plural of acinus, q. v.

aciniform (as-in'-if-orm) [acinus, a grape]. Grape-
like.

acinose (as'-in-oz). See acinous.

acinotubular (as-in-o-tu'-bu-lar) [acinus, a grape;
tubulus, a tube]. Applied to a gland or other struc-
ture having tubular acini or secreting sacs.

acinous (as'-in-us) [acinus, a grape], i. Relating
to an acinus or having acini. 2. Resembling a grape
or a cluster of grapes; composed of granular con-
cretions.

acinus (as'-in-us) [acinus, a grape; pi., acini].
Any one of the smallest lobules of a compound gland,
as an acinus of the liver.

aciurgia (as-e-er'-je-ah), or aciurgy (as'-e-er-je)
td/ct's, point; ipyeiv, to work]. Operative surgery.

aclastic (ak-las'-tik). Not refracting.

acleidian (ah-kli'-de-an) [&, priv.; ic\eis, the collar-
bone]. ^ Without clavicles.

acleitocardia (ah-kli-to-kar'-de-ah) [&, priv.; n\eUiv,
to close; napSia, the heart]. Imperfect closure of
the foramen ovale.

acmastic (ak-mas'-tik) [acme]. Pertaining to dis-
ease with regular increase and decrease. (Epac-
mastic; first period. Paracmastic; period of decline.)

acme (ak'-me) [&«*"?. a point]. 1. The highest
point. 2. The crisis or critical stage of disease.
3. Acne; an acne papule; a wart.

acmon (ak'-mon) [&kiio)i>, an anvil]. The incus.

acne (ak'-ne) [6ucn-h, a point]. A common, usually
chronic, inflammatory disease of the sebaceous
glands, occurring mostly about the face, chest, and
back. The lesions may be papular, pustular, or
tubercular. It occurs usually between the ages of
puberty and 24 years, is generally worse in winter,
and is associated with menstrual and gastrointestinal
troubles. The individual lesions consist of minute
pink, acuminate papules or pimples, in the center of
which is a black-topped comedo (a. punctata, a.
papulosa). Syn., acne varus; acne vulgaris; whelk;
stone pock; acne boutonneuse; acne" Sruptive. a.,
adenoid, see lupus, disseminated follicular, a.
adolescentium, synonym of a. vulgaris, a. albida,
synonym of milium, a., arthritic, a form common
in adults, especially in women at the climacteric,
and thought to be connected with the arthritic
•diathesis, a. artificialis, that form that disappears
when the cause is removed, a. atrophica, synonym
of a. varioliformis, a., bromine, see a. coagminata.
a. cachecticorum, a form occurring in debilitated,
cachectic persons after prolonged wasting diseases,
as phthisis. The eruption occurs usually on the
trunk or legs, and is characterized by fiat, dull -red
papules and pustules of the size of a pin-head to
that of a lentil, a. cheloidienne, see dermatitis
papillaris capillitii. a., chlorine, a form occurring
among men engaged in manufacturing hydrochloric
acid. The skin of the face is pigmented, comedones
and pustules of varying size are thickly scattered
over the face, brow, scalp, neck, back, upper thorax,
genitals, and inner surface of the thighs. Atheromata
and curious cornifications resembling those of Darier's
disease are present on the scalp, a. ciliaris, acne
at the edges of the eyelids, a. coagminata, a form
in which the lesions occur in clusters. The name is
generally applied to the acne due to the internal use
of bromine or its compounds; the groups of closely
aggregated pustules form thick patches covered with
scabs of dried pus, presenting beneath a dusky red
and often moist surface, a., concrete, see seborrhea
sicca, a., congestive, see a. rosacea, a. contagiosa,
an inoculable pustular disease of horses, said to differ
from horse-pox. a. cornea, conic, discolored out-
growths, grouped or solitary, consisting of hard
plugs of sebaceous matter projecting from the
follicles. Syn., ichthyosis follicularis. a. decalvans,
an inflammatory disease of hair-follicles with destruc-
tion of the hairs and atrophy or cicatrization of the
skin. a. disseminata, synonym of a. vulgaris, a.,
elephantiasic, see a., hypertrophica. a. erythematosa,
see a. rosacea, a., fluent, see seborrhea oleosa.
a. frontalis, see a. varioliformis, a. generalis, acne
that has become general over the surface of the
body. a. granulosa, see a. cachecticorum. a. horde-
olans, a. hordeolaris, a form with the pustules
arranged in linear groups, a. hypertrophica, a stage
of acne rosacea in which there is a permanent, in-
tensely red, non-inflammatory, nodulated thickening
of the tips and sides of the nose, expanding it both
laterally and longitudinally, a. indurata, a variety

of acne vulgaris characterized by chronic, livid indur-
ations, the result of extensive perifollicular infiltra-
tion. It is especially seen in strumous subjects.
a., iodine, acne due to the prolonged use of an iodide.
a. keratosa, a rare form in which a horny plug takes
the place of the comedo, and by its presence excites
inflammation, a. luposa, see a. telangiectodes.
a. medicamentosa, acne due to the internal adminis-
tration of certain drugs — as iodine, bromine, etc.
a. mentagra, see sycosis, a. miliaris. 1. Milium.
2. A pustular variety of acne rosacea, a., miliary
arthritic, see a. cachecticorum. a., miliary scrofulous,
a variety of the disease usually occurring on the
forehead; the pustules are small, discrete, or confluent,
and often arranged in geometric figures, a. mollus-
coidea, a. molluscum, see molluscum. contagiosum
a. necrotica, see a. varioliformis, a. pancreat'ica,
small cysts in the pancreas due to obstructions of
the smaller ducts, a. papulosa, see acne, a., peni-
cilliform, see tinea asbestina. a. picealis, a form of
dermatitis common in fiber-dressers who work with
paraffin and in persons otherwise brought in contact
with tar or its vapor. It involves chiefly the extensor
surfaces of the limbs. Syn., tar acne, a., pilous,
a variety in which the pustules involve the hair-
bulbs, a., pilous, umbilicated, a variety in which
each pustule is umbilicated and pierced by a hair. .
a. punctata, a variety of acne vulgaris, a. punctata
albida, see milium, a. pustulosa, a variety of acne
vulgaris characterized by abscesses, a. rhinophyma,
same as a. hypertrophica. a. rodens, synonym of
a. varioliformis, a. rosacea, a chronic hyperemic or
inflammatory affection of the skin, situated usually
upon the face, especially the nose, cheeks, forehead,
and chin. Syn., rosacea; telangiectasis faciei; ncevus
araneus; brandy nose; whisky nose; spider nevus;
spider cancer, a. rosacea congestiva, see a. hyper-
trophica. a., scorbutica, acne associated with
scurvy, a. scrofulosa, a variety of acne cachecti-
corum, occurring in strumous children, a. sebacea,
synonym of seborrhea, a. sebacea cornea, see
Darier's disease, a. sebacea molluscum, see atheroma.
a., sebaceous, crusty, see seborrhea sicca, a., seba-
ceous, dry, a. sebacea exsiccata, see xeroderma.
a., sebaceous, fluent, see seborrhea oleosa, a. sim-
plex, a variety of acne vulgaris, a. Solaris, a form
due to exposure to the sun, marked by red papules
that seldom suppurate, occurring on the nose, lower
eyelids, and cheeks, a. sycosiformis, same as sycosis
non-parasitica. a., syphilitic, a. syphilitica, a form
with inflammation in the follicles, appearing in
scattered, pointed pustules with copper-colored base.
Syn., acneiform syphiloderm. a. tarsi, an inflamma-
tory affection of the large sebaceous glands of the
eyelashes (Meibomian glands), a. telangiectodes,
a. teleangeiectodes, Kaposi's name for a nonpustular
disease having its origin in the hair-follicles and pre-
senting smooth, shining, circumscribed, hemispheric
nodules, pale-pink to brownish-red in color, from a
pinhead to a cherry-stone in size. Epithelial cyst
formation and degeneration of the hair-follicle attend
it. Syn., disseminated follicular lupus simulating
acne; acne luposa; lupus miliaris; lupus follicularis
acneiformis; acute disseminated nodular tuberculous
lupus, a. tuberata, a. tuberculosa, see a. indurata.
a., tuberculoid, a., tuberculous, umbilicated, a.
umbilicata, see molluscum contagiosum. a., varicose,
a form characterized by dilated superficial capillaries.
a. varioliformis, a somewhat rare disease, situated
chiefly about the forehead, at the junction with the
hairy scalp, and extending into the hair. The
pustules appear in groups. Its etiology is unknown.
a. vulgaris, see acne.

acneform, acneiform (ak'-ne-form, ak-ne' -e-form) .
Resembling acne.

acnemia (ak-ne' -me-ah) [&, priv.; whur), leg].
I. Deficiency in the calf of the leg. 2. A condition
marked by total absence of legs.

acnemous (ak'-ne-mus) [&, priv.; kj^juij, leg].
Having imperfect calves; having no legs.

acnitis (ak-ni'-tis) [&/cjt«7. a point; ms, inflamma-
tion]. See hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa.

Acocanthera (ak-o-kan-the'-ra) [okwkt), a point;
&vdt)p6s, blooming]. A genus of plants of the order
Apocynacece. A. abyssinica yields an African arrow-
poison, mshangu, secured from a decoction of the
branches, the toxic property being due to a crystalline
glucosid, C29H46O3. A. defter sii and A. schimperi are
used as arrow-poisons in Africa. The poisonous
principles are crystalline glucosides. A. venenata

ACCELIUS

19

AC RANI A

is a species indigenous to southern Africa; a decoction
of the bark is used by the natives to poison arrows.
The poisonous principle is a glucoside, acocantherin,
similar to or identical with ouabain.

acoelius (ah-se' -le-us) . See acelius.

acoesis (ak-o-e'-sis). See audition.

acognosia (ah-kog-no'-ze-ah). See aceognosia.

acography (ak-og'-raf-e) [a/cos, a remedy; ypd<petv,
to write]. A description of remedies.

acoin (ak'-o-in). Hydrochloride of diparaany-
silmonoparaphenetylguanidin, a white powder, used
in infiltration anesthesia by Schleich's method in a
i : iooo solution of 0.8 % solution of sodium chloride;
also in 1 % aqueous solution in ophthalmology.

acolasia (ak-o-la'-ze-ah) [iucoXaaia, intemperance].
Unrestrained self-indulgence; lust; intemperance.

acolastic (ak-o-las'-tik) [d/co\ao-ia, intemperance].
Due to, or characterized by, acolasia.

acology (ak-ol'-o-je) [clkos, remedy; X670S, a dis-
course]. Aceology, q. v.

acolous (ah-ko'-lus) [&, priv.; k&\ov, limb]. Having
no limbs.

acomia (ah-ko'-me-ah) [a, priv.; Kop-q, hair].
Baldness. A deficiency of hair arising from any
cause.

acomous (ah-ko'-mus) [&, priv.; Kop-q, hair].
Hairless, blad.

aconine (ak'-o-nin). C26H39NO11. A decomposi-
tion product of aconitine.

aconite (ak'-on-it). See aconitum.

aconitia (ak-o-nish'-e-ah). Aconitine or aconitina.

aconitic acid (ak-on-it'-ik). See acid, aconitic.

aconitin (ak-on'-it-in). See aconitine.

aconitina (ak-on-it-i'-nah. 1. See aconitine. 2. An
impure aconitine or combination of principles ob-
tained from the root of Aconitum napelhcs, as pre-
pared by Morson. Its salts do not crystallize, but
form gum-like masses.

aconitine (ak-on'-it-en), C33H45NO12, aconitina
(U. S. P.). An intensely poisonous alkaloid from
Aconitum napellus and other species; it occurs as
white, fiat crystals of slightly bitter taste. Dose
j&xj gr. (0.0003 Gm.). Syn., aconiticum; aconitinum.
a., amorphous, a mixture of several bases found in
the bulbs of Aconitum napellus. Its principal con-
stituents are aconitine and picroaconitine. It is
15 or 20 times less poisonous than pure crystallized
aconitine. a., British, C36H49NO12 (Wright), the
alkaloid prepared by Morson from Aconitum ferox.
It is a yellowish-white, crystalline powder. Dose
stm gr. (0.0002 Gm.). Also called English aconitine;
acr aconitine; Morson's napelline or pure aconitine;
Hubschmann's pseudaconitine; Fliickiger's nepaline.
a., Duquesnel's, see a. nitrate, a. hydrobromide,
C33H«NOi2HBr-|-2!H20 (Jurgens), from crystalline
aconitine, occurring as small white tablets, soluble
in water and alcohol. Dose the same as the crystal-
line alkaloid, a. hydrochloride, C33H43NO12HCI +
3H2O (Jurgens), a white, crystalline powder from
crystalline aconitine, soluble in water and alcohol.
Dose about the same as the alkaloid. Syn., aconitine
chlorhydrate; aconitine hydrochlorite. a. nitrate,
C33H43NO12HNO3, fine white prisms or rhombic
crystals; it is highly poisonous and is used in neuralgia
and rheumatism. Dose about the same as the
alkaloid. Syn., Duquesnel's aconitine. a. phosphate,
a salt of aconitine. It occurs as a white, crystalline
powder or as a yellowish-white, amorphous powder,
a. salicylate, a salt of aconitine occurring as a white,
crystalline powder or as a yellowish- white, amorphous
powder, a. sulphate, (C33H43NOi2)2H2S04, a salt of
aconitine occurring as a crystalline powder, in glass-
like lumps, or as a yellowish-white, amorphous
powder.

aconitum (ak-on-i' -turn) [L.]. The root of A conitum
napellus. It possesses a bitter, pungent taste, and
produces numbness and persistent tingling in the
tongue and lips. Is very poisonous. It depresses
the heart, respiration, circulation, and paralyzes the
sensory nerves. Is antipyretic, diaphoretic, and
diuretic. The active principle is aconitine. As a
diaphoretic and depressant to the circulation it is
highly beneficial in fevers, acute throat affections,
and inflammation of the respiratory organs. Dose
\-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). aconiti, abstractum, has
double the strength of the powdered drug or its
fluid extract. Dose J-i gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.).
a., extractum. Dose ^-\ gr. (0.0 1 1-0.02 2 Gm.).
a., fluidextractum (U. S. P.), has a strength of 1 drop
to the grain of the powdered drug. Dose 5-2 min.

0.03-0.13 Cc). a., linimentum (B. P.), aconite
root, camphor, and rectified spirit, a., oleatum, a
2 % solution of aconite in oleic acid, a., tinctura
(U. S. P.), contains aconite 10, alcohol and water
each sufficient to make 100 parts. Dose 10 min.
(0.6 Cc). a., unguentum (B. P.), 8 grains to thejounce.

aconuresis (ah-kon-u-re'-sis) [a, priv.; conari, to
strive; oupij<ris, urination]. Involuntary discharge of
urine.

acoprosis (ah-kop-ro'-sis) [&, priv.; icoirpos, excre-
ment]. Deficient formation of feces.

acoprous (ah-kop'-rus). Characterized by the
absence of excrement in the bowels.

acopyrine (ak-o-pi'-rin). A combination of aspirin
and antipyrine; it is used in rheumatism. Dose,
o.s gm. 5 or 6 times daily.

acor (a'-kor) [L.]. Acrimony: acidity, as of the
stomach.

acorea (ah-ko-re'-ah) [a, priv.; Kopjj, pupil]. Ab-
sence of the pupil.

acoria (ah-ko'-re-ah) [&, priv.; Kopos. satisfaction].
1. A greedy or insatiable appetite. 2. Temperance
in eating. 3. A nervous stomach affection charac-
terized by a sense of fulness.

acorin (ak'-o-rin). A bitter glucoside obtained
from Acorus calamus, or sweet flag.

acormus (ah-kor'-mus) [a, priv.; Koppds, the trunk].
A monster without a trunk or body.

acorus (ak'-o-rus). See calamus.

acosmia (ah-koz'-me-ah) [a, priv.; Koapos, order].

1. Poor health. 2. Irregularity in the course of a
disease. 3. Ataxia. 4. Baldness. 5- Any deform-
ity causing irregularity of the features. Syn.,
acosmy.

acoulalion (ah-koo-la' -le-on) . An instrument used
in teaching speech to deaf-mutes.

acoumeter, acouometer (ah-koo'-me-ter, ah-koo-
om'-e-ter) [aKoveiv, to hear; pkrpov, a measure]. 1. An
instrument for measuring the acuteness of hearing.

2. An instrument arranged to give a typical sound of
a vowel, which may be used as a standard to which
other sounds may be referred.

acoumetric, acoumometric (ah-koo-met'-rik, ah-koo-
mo-met'-rik). Pertaining to the auditory sense or
to the power of estimating the relative distance of
sounds. Syn., acusmetricus ; acusmometricus.

acoumetry (ah-koo'-met-re) [duioveiv, to hear; pkrpov,
a measure]. The measurement or testing of the
acuteness of the hearing.

acouophony (ah-koo-of'-on-e) [bicoveiv, to hear;
4>uvq, sound]. Same as auscultatory percussion.

acouoxylon (ah-koo-oks'-il-on) [atcoveiv, to hear;
£v\ov, wood]. A wooden (pine) stethoscope.

acouphone (ah-koo-'fon) [tacoveiv, to hear; <pwvii,
sound]. A mechanism to aid defective hearing.

acousia (ah-koo'-se-ah) [iicovala, constraint]. 1. In-
voluntary action. 2. The faculty of hearing; audi-
tion.

acousma (ah-koos- or kowz'-mah) [iucovo-pa, thing
heard; pi., acousmata]. An auditory hallucination;
a condition in which imaginary sounds are noticed
by the patient, are believed by him to be real.

acousmatagnosis (ah-koos-mat-ag-no'-sis). Inabil-
ity to memorize sounds.

acousmatamnesia (ah-koos-mat-am-ne'-ze-ah). In-
ability to remember sounds.

acousmetric (ah-koos-met'-rik). See acoumetric.

acoustic {ah-koos' -tik or a-kows'-tik) [aKovartKos].
Relating to the ear or science of sound, a. duct,
the external meatus of the ear. a. nerve, the eighth
cranial nerve, a. tetanus, the rapidity of the in-
duction shocks in a frog's nerve-muscle preparation,
as measured by the pitch of a vibrating rod. a.
tubercle, a rounded elevation on either side of the
floor of the fourth ventricle.

acousticon (ah-koos' -tik-on). An ear-trumpet.

acoustics (ah-koos' -tiks or a-kows' -tiks) . The sci-
ence of sound.

acquired movements (ak-wi'-erd moov'-mentz).
Those brought under the influence of the will only
after conscious and attentive effort and practice, in
distinction from reacquired movements, those rein-
stated in their former proficiency after injury to the
motor regions of the brain.

acracholia (ak-ra-ko'-le-ah) [&Kpaxo\ia]. A fit of
passion; passionateness.

acraconitine. See pseudaconitine.

acrania, acranial (ah-kra'-ne-ah, ah-kra'-ne-al) [A,
priv.; Kpavlov, skull]. The condition of a monster
with partial or complete absence of the cranium.

ACRANIUS

20

ACROPATHY

acranius (ah-kra'-ne-us) [a, priv.: xpaviov, cranium].
A monster wholly or partly destitute of cranium.

acrasia (ah-kra'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; xpao-is, modera-
tion], i. Intemperance; lack of self-control. 2.
Acratia.

acratia (ah-kra'-she-ah) [axpareiv. d, priv.; xparos,
force]. Impotence, loss of power.

acraturesis (ah-krat-u-re'-sis) [axpareia, lack of
strength; ovpyo-is, micturition]. Inability to mic-
turate from atony of the bladder.

Acree-Rosenheim formaldehyde reaction in testing
for proteins. Put a few drops of a solution of
formaldehyde (1 : 5000) in a solution of protein and
mix well. After 2-3 minutes allow a little concen-
trated sulphuric acid to flow into the test-tube
slowly, so that the two solutions do not mix. A
violet color appears at the line of contact.

acribometer (ak-re-bom'-et-ur) [axpifHjs, accurate;
fiirpov, a measure]. A device for measuring minute
objects.

acrid (ak'-rid) [acer, sharp]. Pungent; irritating.

acridine (ak'-rid-in) [acrid], C13H9N. A substance
produced by heating anilin and salicylic aldehyde to
2600 with ZnCh. It dissolves in dilute acids with a
beautiful green fluorescence, and has a very pungent
odor. p

acrimony (ak'-rim-o-ne) [acrimonia]. Irritating
quality, pungency, corrosiveness: an acrid quality
or state.

acrinia (ah-krin'-e-ah) [&, priv.; xplveiv, to separ-
ate]. Diminution or suppression of a secretion or
excretion.

acrinyl sulphocyanate (ak'-rin-il). An acrid and
vesicating substance found in white mustard.

acrisia (ah-kris'-e-ah) [&, priv.; crisis]. The
absence of a crisis from a disease; an unfavorable
crisis or turn in the course of an attack of disease.

acritical (ah-krit'-ik-al) [&, priv.; xpiais, a crisis].
Without a crisis; not relating to a crisis.

acritochromacy (ah-krit-o-kro'-mas-e) [axpiros, un-
distinguished; xp«m«. color]. Color-blindness, achro-
matopsia.

acroaesthesia. See acroesthesia.

acroanesthesia (ak-ro-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [axpov, ex-
tremity; Apaiadrjaia, want of feeling]. Anesthesia
of the extremities.

acroarthritis (ak-ro-ar-thri'-tis). Arthritis of the
extremities.

acroasphyxia (ak-ro-as-fiks'-e-ah) [axpov, extremity;
d, priv.; er#6£«, pulse]. Asphyxia of the extremities.
Phenomenon of Raynaud.

acroblast (ak'-ro-blast) [axpov, extremity; /SXao-rds, a
germ]. Kollmann's term for that part of the ger-
minal membrane of the embryo which gives rise to
blood-vessels filled with blood and probably con-
nective tissue.

acrobystia (ak-ro-bis'-te-ah) [axpoffvo-rla, the fore-
skin]. 1. The prepuce. 2. Circumcision.

acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis'-te-o-lith) [axpofivarla, the
prepuce; \L9os, a stone]. A preputial calculus.

acrobystitis {ak-ro-bis-ti'-tis). Inflammation of the
prepuce.

acrocarpous (ak-ro-kar'-pus) [axpov, extremity;
Kapirfc, fruit]. In biology, fruiting at the tips, as

acrocephalia (ak-ro-sef-a'-le-ah) [axpov, the sum-
mit; KtQahii, the head]. Deformity of the head, the
top of which is more or less pointed.

acrocephalic, acrocephalous (ak-ro-sef'-al-ik, ak-ro-
sef'-al-us). Characterized by or affected with acro-
cephalia.

acrocephaly (ak-ro-sef-al-e) [axpov, a point; /ce<£aXij,
the head]. Same as acrocephalia.

acrocheir (ak'-ro-kir) [axpov, point; x**P. hand].
The ends of the fingers considered together; the
forearm and hand.

acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'-dori) [axpoxopS&v, literally,
the end of a catgut cord]. A pedunculated or pensile
wart. Synonym of molluscum fibrosum.

acrocinesis, acrocinetic. See akrokinesis, akrokinetic.

acrocyanosis (ak-ro-si-an-o'-sis) [axpov, extremity;
Kvavos, blue]. Blueness of the extremities due to
vasomotor disturbance.

acrodermatitis {ak-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [axpov, ex-
tremity; bkpixa, skin; it«, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion of the skin of an extremity, a., perstans, acro-
dermatitis which constantly recurs.

acrodigitalins (ak-ro-dij'-it-al-ins). Digitalis sub-
stances which do not possess the general character-
istics of glucosides.

acrodynia, acrodyny (ak-ro-din'-e-ah, ak' -ro-din-e)
[axpov, extremity; dduvrj, pain]. 1. Epidemic ery-
thema; a disease closely allied to pellagra. Char-
acterized mainly by pricking pains in the palm and
soles, hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia of these
parts, and an erythematous eruption, preceded by
bullae, chiefly on hands and feet. Followed by
exfoliation and dark-brown or black pigmentation.
Syn., pedionalgia epidemica; erythema epidemicum.
2. Clarus' term for a rheumatic disorder of the
nerves.

acroesthesia (ak-ro-es-the'-ze-ah) [axpos, extreme;
axpov, extremity; alad-qo'is, sensation]. 1. Exag-
gerated sensitiveness or sensibility. 2. Pain in the
extremities. <

acrokinesis (ak-ro-kin-e'-sis) [axpos, extreme;
xivrjo-Ls, movement]. Abnormal freedom of action,
as in certain cases of hysteria.

acrokinetic (ak-ro-kin-et'-ik). Characterized by
acrokinesis.

acrolein (ak-ro'-le-iri) [acer, sharp; oleum, oil],
C3H4O. Acrylic aldehyde. A colorless, mobile
liquid, of pungent odor, derived from the decom-
position of glycerol.

acromania (ak-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [axpos, extreme;
navia, madness]. Incurable insanity.

acromastitis (ak-ro-mas-ti'-tis) [axpov, extremity;
fiaa-rds, breast; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the nipple.

acromastium (ak-ro-mas'-te-um) [axpov, extremity;
naaros, breast]. The nipple.

acromegalia (ak-ro-meg-a'-le-ah). See acromegaly.

acromegaly (ak-ro-meg'-al-e). Abnormal develop-
ment of the extremities associated with disease of
the pituitary body or thyroid gland. Also known as
Marie's disease.

acromelalgia (ak-ro-mel-al'-je-ah). See erythro-
melalgia.

acromial (ak-ro'-me-al) [axpov, the summit, w/zos,
the shoulder]. Relating to the acromion, a. process,
the acromion.

acromicria (ak-ro-mik'-re-ah) [axpov, extremity;
Hixpos, small]. Abnormal smallness of the extremi-
ties. A condition in which there is a reduction in
the size of the nose, ears, and face, as well as hands
and feet.

acromioclavicular (ak-ro-me-o-kla-vik'-u-lar) [acro-
mion; clavicle]. Relating to the acromion and the
clavicle.

acromiocoracoid (ak-ro-me-o-kor'-ak-oid). Pertain-
ing to the acromion and the coracoid process.

acromiohumeral (ak-ro-me-o-hu'-mer-al) [acromion;
humerus]. Relating to the acromion and the hum-
erus, a. muscle, the deltoid.

acromion (ak-ro'-me-on) [axpov, the summit; 2>nos,
the shoulder]. The triangular-shaped process at
the summit of the scapula.

acromiothoracic {ak-ro-me-o-tho-ras'-ik) [acromion;
6u>pa£, thorax]. Relating to the shoulder and thorax.

acromphalus (ak-rom'-fal-us) [axpov, point; 6/x<l>a\6s,
the navel]. 1. The center of the umbilicus, to which
the cord is attached. 2. The first stage of umbilical
hernia, marked by a pouting of the navel. 3- The
remains of the umbilical cord attached to the child.

acromyle (ak-rom' -il-e) [axfov, point; niihn, patella].
The patella. _

acronarcotic (ak-ro-nar-kot'-ik) [acer, sharp; nar-
cotic]. 1. Both acrid and narcotic. 2. An agent
which combines an irritating and obtunding effect;
acting directly upon the peripheral nerves when
applied externally, or upon the brain and spinal cord,
producing paralysis, convulsions, and narcosis.

acroneurosis (ak-ro-nu-ro'-sis) [axpov, extremity;
vevpov, a nerve]. Any neurosis manifesting itself
in the extremities.

acronychous (ak-ron'-ik-us) [6.Kp6w\os]. Having
claws, nails, or hoofs; achronychous.

acronyx (ak'-ro-niks) [axpov, extremity; 6™£, a
nail]. Ingrowing of the nail.

acroparalysis {ak-ro-par-al'-is-is) [axpov, extremity;
■xapakvois, palsy]. Paralysis of the extremities.

acroparesthesia (ak-ro-par-es-the'-ze-ah) [axpov,
extremity; 7rapd, around; alo-e-qavs, sensation]. 1. Ab-
normal or perverted sensation in the extremities.
2. Extreme or confirmed paresthesia.

acropathology (ak-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [axpov, ex-
tremity; irados, disease; \6yos, treatise]. The path-
ology of the extremities.

acropathy (ak-rop'-a-the) [axpov, extremity; iraQos,
disease]. Any disease of the extremities.

ACROPHOBIA

21

ACTION

acrophobia {ak-ro-fo'-be-ah) [aicpov, a height; <£6/Sos,
fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height.

acroposthia (ak-ro-pos'-the-ah) [d/cpos, extreme;
■n-oadr]. foreskin]. The distal part of the prepuce.

acroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi'-tis) [d/cpos, extreme;
iroo-Or), foreskin]. Inflammation of the prepuce.
Posthitis.

acrorrheuma (ak-ro-ru'-mah) [aicpov, an extremity;
pevfia, a flux]. Rheumatism of the extremities.

acroscleriasis (ak-ro-skle-ri'-as-is) [aicpov, extremity;
o-kXtjpos, hard]. Sclerotic changes in the extremities.

acroscleroderma (ak-ro-skler-o-der'-mah). See
sclerodactylis.

acrose (ak'-roz). A substance isolated from con-
densation-products of glycerose (an oxidation-
product of glycerol) and formaldehyde, forming the
starting-point for the synthesis of fruit-sugar, grape-
sugar, and mannose.

acrosome (ak'-ro-som) [aicpov, extremity: o-&p.a,
body]. A small body at the front part of the head
of the spermatozoon.

acrosphacelus {ak-ro-sfas'-el-us). Gangrene of the
digits.

Acrostichum (ak-ros'-tik-um) [aicpov, a. point; cn-i'xos,
a line of writing]. A genus of ferns of the order
Polypodiacece. A. aureum, a tropical species; the
rhizome is used in decoction for dysentery and
disease of the spleen. A salt prepared from the
leaves is applied to ulcers. A. dichotomum, an
Arabian species [medjabese or mejahoese]; the leaves
are applied to burns. A. flavens, a South American
species, used as a laxative. A. furcatum, an Austra-
lian species having edible rhizomes. A. huacsaro,
a Peruvian species. It is said to be sudorific and
anthelmintic. A.sorbifolium, a West Indian species.
The juice is mixed with oil, ginger, and pepper, and
used as a cataplasm in sick headache.

acrotarsium {ak-ro-tar'-se-um) [axpov, the summit;
Taptros, the tarsus]. The instep.

acroteria (ak-ro-te'-re-ah) [d/cpwn7pta]. The ex-
tremities.^

acroteriasis (ak-ro-te-ri'-a-sis) [d/cpwr^pidXeij/, to
cut off the extremities]. Mutilation by the loss of an
extremity, especially a hand or foot. In teratology,
the absence of such a part.

acroteriasmus {ak-ro-te-ri-az' -mus) . Same as
acroteriasis.

acroteric (ak-ro-ter'-ik) [aKpcorhpia, the extremities].
Relating to the extremities; applied to conditions in
which the extremities are most affected.

acrothymion, or acrothymum (ak-ro-thi'-me-on,
ak-ro-thi'-mum) [aicpov, summit; thyme], A rugose
wart with a broad top.

acrotic (ah-krot'-ik) [a, priv.; kpotos, a striking].
i. Any defective beating of the pulse; failure of the
pulse. 2. [d/v-pos, extreme, outmost]. Relating to
the glands of the skin; affecting the surface.

acrotizm {ah' -krot-izm) . See acrotic (i).

acrotrophoneurosis {ak-ro-trof-o-nu-ro'-sis) [aicpov,
an extremity; rpocpr], nourishment; vevpov, nerve]. A
trophic disturbance of the extremities of central
origin.

acrylaldehyde (ak-ril-al' -de-hid). See acrolein.

act (akt) [agere, to put in motion]. The fulfilment
of a purpose or function, a., imperative, the act of
an insane person in response to an imperative morbid
impulse, a., sexual, see coitus.

Actaea (ak-te'-ah) [cucttj, the elder]. A genus of
ranunculaceous plants having active medicinal
qualities. A. alba, the white cohosh, has much the
same qualities as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga and A.
racemosa are more important. See cimicifuga. A.
rubra, red cohosh, and A. spicata are purgative and
emetic.

actinic {ak-tin'-ik) [&ktls, a ray]. Those rays of
the spectrum capable of producing chemical changes;
found in the violet and ultraviolet parts.

actinism (ak'-tin-izm) [AktIs, a ray]. i. The
chemical quality of light, or of the sun's rays. 2. The
radiation of heat or light, or that branch of science
which treats of it.

actinium (ak-tin'-e-um) [see actinic]. A radio-
active substance, thought to be an element, found
in pitchblende.

actinobacillosis (ak-lin-o-bas-il-o'-sis) [6lktLs, ray;
bacillus]. A disease of cattle and other domestic
animals due to a bacillus which produces radiate
structures in the affected tissues.

actinobolia (ak-tin-o-bo'-le-ah) [d*cTii'o/3oXiu', to
radiate]. 1. A term formerly used to express the

process by which the impulses of the will are con-
veyed to the different parts of the body. 2. Von
Helmont's term for the phenomena now included
under hypnotism.

actinobolism, actinobolismus {ac-tin-ob'-o-lizm,
ak-tin-ob-o-liz' -mus) . See actinobolia.

actinocerate, actinocerous (ak-tin-os'-er-at, -us)
[clktLs, a ray; /cepas, a horn]. Having horn-like
processes radiately arranged.

actinochemistry {ak-tin-o-kem' -is-tre) [oktU, a ray;
xr?p.«a, chemistry]. Chemistry dealing with decom-
position of substances by light.

actinocongestin {ak-tin-o-kon-jes'-tin) . A sub-
stance derived from the tentacles of Actinia; it con-
sists of a toxin and a proteid and when injected into
animals causes congestion of the viscera.

actinodermatitis (ak-tin-o-der-mat-i'-tis) [d/crts, a
ray; dermatitis]. Cutaneous lesions produced by
application of the rontgen-rays. Syn., radioder-
matitis.

actinogram (ak-tin'-o-gram) [cucrls, a ray; ypafaiv, to
write]. The record made by the actinograph.
Skiagram.

actinograph {ak-tin'-o-graf). An apparatus to
measure the actinism of sunlight. Skiagraph.

actinography. See actinology.

actinology {ak-iin-oV -o-je) [olktIs, a ray; \6yos, a
discourse]. 1. In biology, that kind of homological
relation that exists between the successive segments,
regions, or divisions of a part or organ, in that they
radiate or spring from it. 2. The science of the
chemical action of radiant light: actinography. 3. The
part of zoology which treats of the radiata.

actinolyte (ak-lin'-o-lit) [cucrls, a ray; \veiv, to
loose]. An apparatus designed for use in actino-
therapy.

actinometer (ak-tin-om'-et-er) [cucrls, a ray; p.krpov,
measure]. An apparatus for determining the in-
tensity of actinic rays.

actinomyces (ak-tin-om'-i-sez) [cucrls, a ray; hvktis,
a fungus; pi., actinomycetes], A vegetable parasite,
the cause of the disease actinomycosis. It is also
called the ray-fungus. It probably belongs to the
cladothrix group of schizomycetes. As seen in
tissues it presents itself in the form of a roset of fine
filaments clubbed at their outer ends; in the center
are numerous coccus-like bodies, the spores of the
organism.

actinomycoma (ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-mah) [clktIs, a ray;
plvks, a fungus; pi., actinomycomata], A tumor such
as is characteristic of actinomycosis.

actinomycosis (ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis) [d/cns, a ray;
P-VKTJS, a fungus]. A parasitic, infectious, inoculable
disease, first observed in cattle, and also occurring
in man, and characterized by the manifestations of
chronic inflammation, with or without suppuration,
often resulting in the formation of granulation tumors,
especially about the jaws. The disease is due to
the presence of a parasite, the ray-fungus, or acti-
nomyces. Syn., lumpy-jaw; holdfast; wooden tongue.

actinomycotic (ak-tin-o-mi-kot'-ik). Pertaining to
actinomycosis.

actinotherapy (ak-tin-o-lher'-ap-e) [cucrls, a ray;
depaireia, therapy]. The therapeutic use of actinic
rays.

action (ak'-shun) [agere, to do or perform]. A
doing; a working; especially the performance of a
function, a., after-, the brief persistence of negative
variation of the electric current in a tetanized muscle.
a.s, animal, voluntary movements, a. of arrest,
see inhibition, a., automatic, see a., reflex, a.,
capillary, see attraction, capillary, a., catalytic, a.,
contact, see catalysis. a., chemical, see reaction.
a., diastaltic, see a., reflex, a., electro-capillary,
electric phenomena resulting from chemical reaction
between dissimilar fluids connected by a capillary
medium, a., inhibitory, see inhibition, a., local, the
production of currents between different parts of the
same cell of a galvanic battery, a.s, natural, the
vegetative functions, a.s, pseudomotor, Heiden-
hain's term for phenomena resulting from stimulation
of the chorda tympani after section of the hypo-
glossal nerve; movements due to vascular or lym-
phatic engorgement, a., reflex, an involuntary
movement of part of the body resulting from an
impression carried by a sensory of afferent nerve to
a center, and then sent back by an efferent nerve to
the part, usually at or near the source of irritation.
a., safety-valve, the incomplete closure of the. tri-
cuspid valve, especially in cases of resistance in the

ACTIVATE

22

ADAMS'S OPERATION

pulmonary circulation, a., sexual, functioning of
the generative apparatus, a.s, vital, those essential
to the continuance of vitality, as of the heart and
lungs.

activate (ak'-liv-at). To render active.

activation (ak-tiv-a'-shun). The process of acti-
vating.

activator (ak'-tiv-a-lor). I. An agent which
renders active some other chemical agent such as
an enzyme. Also known as kinase, or coenzyme in
the case of ferments. The term is generally applied
to biochemical reactions. 2. The internal secretion
of the pancreas.

active (ak'-tiv) [see action]. 1. Energetic; decisive;
as active treatment. 2. Due to an intrinsic force as
distinguished from passive — e. g., active hyperemia.
a., optically, possessing optic rotatory power.

activity (ak-tiv'-it-e) [agere, to do or perform].
Capacity for acting; sensibility; vitality; potency;
energy, a., optic, the property of certain chemical
molecules to rotate the plane of polarization, due
to the presence of one or several asymmetric carbon
atoms in the molecule of every optically active body.
Cf. rotatory power, a., sense of muscular, see muscu-
lar sense, under muscular.

actol (ak'-iol). Trade name for silver lactate.

actual (ak'-chu-al) [agere, to do or perform]. Real;
effective, a. cautery, see cautery.

actuation (ak-chu-a'-shun). The mental function
that is exercised between the impulse of volition and
its performance.

acuclosure (ak-u-klo'-zhur) [acus, a needle ; claudere,
to close]. A method of arresting hemorrhage by the
aid of a needle which holds the artery closed for a
day. It embraces acupressure and acutorsion.

acuductor (ak-u-duk'-tor) [acus, a needle; ducere,
to lead]. A needle carrier.

acufilopressure (ak-u-fi'-lo-pres-ur) [acus, needle;
filum, a thread; pressure]. A combination of acu-
pressure and ligation.

acuition (ak-u-ish'-un) [acuere, to sharpen].
Increased effect of a drug's action by the addition
of another drug.

acuity (ak-u'-it-e) [see acuition]. Acuteness or
clearness, as acuity of vision.

aculeate (ak-u'-le-at) [aculeus, a sting, prickle].
In botany, armed with prickles, i. e., aculei; as the
rose and brier. In biology, having a sting.

acumeter (ak-u'-me-ier). An instrument for testing
hearing. See acoumeter.

acuminate (ak-u'-min-at) [acuminatus, pointed;
acute] . Sharp-pointed .

acupression, acupressure (ak-u-presh'-un, ak'-u-
presh-ur) [acus, a needle; pressura, pressure]. The
operation to stop hemorrhage by compressing the
artery with a needle inserted into the tissues upon
either side.

acupuncture (ak'-u-punk-chur) [acus, a needle;
pungere, to prick]. Puncture of the skin or tissue
by one or more needles for the relief of pain, the exit
of fluid, the coagulation of blood in an aneurysm, etc.

acus (a'-kus) [L.]. A (surgical) needle.

acusia (ah-koo'-ze-ah). See acousia (2).

acusimeter, acusiometer (ah-koo-sim'-et-er, ah-koo-
se-om'-et-er). Same as acoumeter.

acustica (ah-koos'-tik-ah). See acoustics.

acusticus (ah-koo'-stik-us) [L.]. The auditory, or
eighth cranial, nerve.

acute (ak-uf) [acutus, sharp]. Having a rapid
onset, a short course, and pronounced symptoms
and termination. Sharp, severe.

acute naculum (ak-u-ten-ak'-u-lum) [acus, a needle;
tenaculum pi., acutenacula]. A needle-holder.

acuteness {ak-uf -nes) [acutus, sharp]. The quality
of being acute, rapid or sharp. Referring to vision,
used as a synonym of keenness or acuity.

acuticostal (ak-ut-i-kos'-tal) [acutus, sharp; costa,
a rib]. Having projecting ribs.

acutorsion (ak-u-tor'-shun) [acus, a needle; torsion].
The twisting of an artery with a needle as a means
of controlling hemorrhage.

acyanoblepsia (ah-si-an-o-blep'-se-ah) [&, priv.;
Kbavos, blue; (SKkireiv, to look. Same as acy anopsia.

acyanobleptic (ah-si-an-o-blep'-tik). Affected with
or pertaining to acyanoblepsia.

acyanopsia (ah-si-an-op' -se-ah) [&, priv.; nvavos,
blue; 6\pis, sight]. Inability to distinguish blue
colors.

acyclia (ah-sik'-le-ah) [6., priv.; icvicXeZv, to circu-
late]. Arrested circulation of body-fluids.

acyclic (ah-sik'-lik) [&, priv.; kvk\i.k6s, circular].
1. In botany, not whorled. 2. Not characterized by
a self-limited course. Cf. Cyclic. 3. In chemistry,
aliphatic, having the structure of the open chain
compounds.

acyesis (ah-si-e' -sis) [a, priv.; kvt)<tk, pregnancy].
1. Sterility of the female. 2. Non-pregnancy. 3.
Incapacity for natural delivery. Syn., aciesis.

acyeterion (ah-si-et-e' -re-on) [see acyesis]. An
agent to prevent conception.

acyetic {ah-si-et'-ik) [&, priv.; [icvri<ns, pregnancy].
Relating to acyesis.

acyl (as'-il). An acid organic radical derived
from an organic acid by the removal of a hydroxyl
group (OH).

acyoblepsia (as-i-o-blep'-se-ah). Same as acyano-
blepsia.

acystia {ah-sis'-te-ah) [a, priv.; kwttis, bladder].
Absence of the bladder.

acystinervia (ah-sis-tin-er' -ve-ah) [&, priv.; kwttis,
bladder; nervus, a nerve]. Paralysis or lack of nerve
stimulus in the bladder.

acystonervia, acystoneuria (ah-sis-to-nur' -ve-ah,
-nu'-re-ah). See acystinervia.

a.d. Abbreviation for Latin auris dextra, right ear.

ad [ad, to]. A Latin preposition signifying to,
toward, at, etc. ; as, ad libitum, at pleasure or according
to discretion.

ad., or add. A contraction of adde, or additur,
meaning, add, or let there be added; used in pre-
scription writing.

adacrya {ah-dak'-re-ah) [6., priv.; SSucpvov, tear].
Absence or deficiency of the secretion of tears.

adactyl (ah-dak'-til) [A, priv.; 8oktv\os, digit].
1. Without fingers or without toes. 2. A mon-
strosity that has an absence of digits.

adactylia (ah-dak-til'-e-ah) [&, priv.; S&ktvXos, a
finger]. Absence of the digits.

adactylism (ah-dak'-til-izm) [&, priv.; 8&ktv\os, a
finger]. The absence of the digits.

adactylous (ah-dak'-til-us), see adactylism.

adalin (ad'-al-in). A proprietary preparation
used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is said to be
bromodiethylacetyl urea.

adamantin {ad-am-an' -tin) [&8&.fias, adamant].
Pertaining to adamant, a. cement, a substance
used for filling teeth, consisting of finely powdered
silex or pumice stone mixed with an amalgam of
mercury and silver. See amalgam, a. substance,
the enamel of the teeth.

adamantinoma (ad-am-an-tin-o' '-mah) [&§apas, ad-
amant; 6/ia, tumor]. An epithelial tumor re-
sembling in structure the enamel organ of a developing
tooth.

adamantoblast (ad-am-an'-to-blasf). An enamel-
cell; a columnar epithelial cell from which the enamel
of the teeth is developed. Ameloblast.

Adamkiewicz, demilune cells of (ad-ahm'-ke-a-vils)
[Albert Adamkiewicz, Austrian pathologist, 1850-
]. A peculiar form of nerve-corpuscle lying
below the neurilemma of medullated nerve-fibers;
it is stained yellow by safranin. A.'s reaction for
proteins. To a mixture of one volume concentrated
sulphuric acid and two volumes glacial acetic acid
add the protein. At the ordinary temperature a
reddish-violet color is obtained slowly but more
quickly on heating. The liquid has also a feeble
fluorescence, and gives an absorption band between
the lines B and F in the solar spectrum.

adamon (ad'-am-on). A preparation used as a
substitute for valerian; it is a sedative.

Adams's operation (Sir William Adams, English
surgeon, 1760-1829: William Adams, English surgeon,
1820- ]. Osteotomy for ankylosis of the hip-joint,
the neck of the femur being divided subcutaneously,
within the capsule. 2. Corectopy; the iris is drawn
into a small, corneal incision, in order to change the
position to the natural pupil. 3. For deviated nasal
septum; the bent cartilaginous septum is forcibly
straightened by means of special flat, parallel-bladed
forceps. 4. For Dupuytren's contraction, when the
bands extend far down the sides of the finger. It
consists in multiple subcutaneous section of the pal-
mar fascia from without inward. 5. For ectropion;
a triangular wedge is removed from the whole
thickness of the lower lid, and the edges are united
by sutures. 6. Iliac colotomy; a modification of
Cripps' operation, in which a vertical incision is
made external to the epigastric artery. 7. For
prolapsus uteri, see Alexander's operation.

ADAM'S APPLE

23

ADENO-

Adam's apple. See Potnum adami.

Adams-Stokes syndrome or disease [Robert
Adams, Scotch physician, 1794-1861; William Stokes,
Irish physician, 1804-1878]. A symptom-complex
consisting of bradycardia in association with epilepti-
form or apoplectiform seizures. Heart-block is often
present.

Adams's disease. See Adams-Stokes' disease.

Adansonia digitata {ad-an-so' -ne-ah dij-it-a'-tah)
[Michel Adanson, French naturalist, 1727-1806].
The baobab-tree, a native of Africa. The bark is
used in the form of an infusion, 1 oz. to I pint, as a
remedy for intermittent fever.

adansonine {ad-an'-so-nin). A febrifugal alkaloid
from the leaves and bark of Adansonia digitato.

adanto blaka. A malady common among the
negroes of the Gold Coast and of frequent preva-
lence in the tropic zone; it is due to an animal
parasite.

adaptation {ad-ap-ia'-shon) [adaptor e, to adjust].
In biology, favorable organic modifications suiting a
plant or animal to its environment, a. of the retina,
the faculty possessed by the retina of accommodating
the power of vision to a diminished amount of light,
as in a darkened room.

adapter {ad-ap'-ter) [adaptare, to adjust]. 1. Any-
thing which serves the purpose of fitting one thing to
another. An instrument by means of which the
direct electric current may be adapted to the various
forms of electrotherapeutic treatment. 2. A piece
of tubing used to connect the neck of a retort with
a receiver. 3. A microscope attachment for center-
ing or decentering the illuminating apparatus.
4. A collar used to fit an objective to a different nose-
piece than that for which it was made.

adarticulation {ad-ar-tik-u-W -shun) [ad, to; articu-
latio, a jointing]. See arthrodia.

adde {ad'-e) [imperative sing- of addere, to add].
Add; a direction used in prescription writing.

ad deliq. Abbreviation of ad deliquium [L.]. To
the point of fainting.

addephagia (ad-e-fa'-je-ah) [L.]. See bulimia.

addiment {ad'-im-ent) \addere, to add]. Ehrlich's
and Morgenroth's term (1899) for an active thermola-
bile substance (destroyed by a temperature of 560 C.)
contained in normal serum and capable of rendering
active the immune body of Ehrlich and setting up
bacteriolysis and hemolysis. See complement.

addimentary (ad-im-ent'-ar-e). Pertaining to addi-
ment.

Addison's anemia [Thomas Addison, English
physician, 1793-1860]. Pernicious anemia. A.'s
disease, a disease of the suprarenal capsules, first
described by Addison, and characterized by tuber-
culous infiltration of the capsules, discoloration of
the skin, progressive anemia, and asthenia, ending in
death from exhaustion. Bronzed skin may occur
without disease of the suprarenal capsules, and the
latter have been the seat of morbid processes without
an accompanying change in the skin. Syn., melasma
suprarenale; dermatomelasma suprarenale; cutis area;
bronzed skin. A.'s keloid, morphea. A.'s pill,
Guy's pill.

additamentum {ad-it-am-en' -turn) [L.]. Any appen-
dix, as an epiphysis, a. ad sacrolumbalem, see
muscles, a. coli, the appendix vermiformis. a.
necatum, the olecranon, a. suturae lambdoidalis,
the occipitomastoid suture, a. ulnae, the radius.
a. uncatum ulnae, the olecranon.

addition {ad-ish'-un) [addere, to add]. The
formation of a molecule by the direct union of two
or more different molecules without decomposition.
a. compound, see under compound, a. product, see
under product, a. reaction, see under reaction.

adducens {ad-du'-senz) [adducere, to bring toward].
An adductor, a term applied to certain muscles.
a. oculi, the internal rectus muscle of the eye.

adducent {ad-du' -sent) [see adducens]. Performing
adduction.

adduct {ad-ukt') [adducere, to bring forward]. To
draw toward the median line of a body.

adduction {ad-uk'-shun) [see adducens]. Any
movement whereby a part is brought toward another
or toward the median line of the body.

adductor (ad-duk'-tor) [adducere, to bring forward].
Any muscle effecting adduction, a. brevis, hallucis,
longus, magnus, minimus, obliquus hallucis, obliquus
pollicis, transversus hallucis, transversus pollicis;
see muscles, table of.

adelodermatous, adelodermous (ad-el-o-der'-mat-

us, ad-el-o-der'-mus) [0577X05, not seen; &kpp.a, skin].
Having concealed integument, as invaginated tracts.

adelomorphous {ad-el-o-mor'-fus) [aSrjXos, not seen;
fioptjjrj, form]. Not clearly defined; applied to certain
cells in the gastric glands.

adelphia {ad-el'-fe-ah). A form of monstrosity
characterized by the union of two organisms above,
the lower portions being separated.

adelphotaxy (ad-el-fo-taks'-e) [a8e\<f>6s, brother-
hood; Taxraeiv, to arrange]. The tendency of motile
cells to arrange themselves into definite positions.

ademonia (ad-e-mo'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; 8r)noi>la,
trouble, distress]. Mental distress.

ademosyne (ad-e-mos'-in-e) [aSruxoavvr], trouble,
distress]. Depression of spirits; home-sickness.

aden {a' -den) [adfy, an acorn, a gland]. A gland;
a bubo.

adenalgia {ad-en-aV -je-ah) [aden; aXyos, pain].
Glandular pain.

adenase (ad'-en-as). An enzyme which converts
adenin to hypoxanthin.

adenasthenia {ad-en-as-the' -ne-ah) [aden; a.<rQkvtia,
weakness]. 1. Functional weakness of a gland.
2. A disorder of the stomach characterized by
diminished and enfeebled secretion without anatomic
lesion, a. gastrica, see adenasthenia (2).

adendric {ah-den'-drik) [a, priv.; devdpov, tree].
Unprovided with dendrons.

adendritic (ah-den-drit'-ik) [a, priv.; bkvdpov, tree].
Without dendrites.

adenectomy (ad-en-ek'-to-me) [aden; inTop.ii, ex-
cision]. The excision of a gland.

adenectopia (ad-en-ek-to'-pe-ah) [aden; €ktottos,
away from a place]. A condition in which the
gland does not occupy its proper position.

adenectopic (ad-en-ek-top'-ik). Pertaining to
adenectopia.

adenemphratic {ad-en-em-frat'-ik). Pertaining to
adenemphraxis. _

adenemphraxis {ad-en-em-fraks'-is) [aden; epuppaZio;
a stoppage]. . Glandular obstruction.

Aden fever. See dengue. A. ulcer. See phagedena
tropica.

adenia {ad-e' -ne-ah) [aden]. A hyperplasia of the
tissue of lymphatic glands leading to the formation
of tumors. See lymphadenoma. a.s, angibromic,
Piorry's term for diseases of the glandular adnexa of
the digestive tract, a., leukemic, adenia associated
with a leukemic condition of the blood, a., simple,
that form which is unaccompanied by any increase
in the number of the white blood-corpuscles. A
synonym of Hodgkin's disease.

adenic {ad-en' -ik) [aden]. Relating to or of the
nature of a gland.

adeniform {ad-en' -e-f or m) [aden; forma, resem-
blance]. Shaped like a gland.

adenin {ad'-en-in). See adenine.

adenine {ad' -en-en) [aden], C5H5N5. 6 amino-
purin. The simplest member of the uric-acid group
of leukomaines, apparently formed by polymerization
of hydrocyanic acid, first discovered in the pancreas.
It occurs, with other bases, as a decomposition-
product of nuclein, and may be obtained from all
animal and vegetable tissues rich in nucleated cells.
It crystallizes in leaflets with pearly luster. It exists
abundantly in the liver and urine of leukocythemic
patients. Adenine is not poisonous.

adeninehy poxanthine {ad-en-en-hi-po-zanth '-en) .
C5H5N5+C5H4N4O. A compound of adenine and
hypoxanthine first observed by Kossel and isolated
by Bruhns, occurring in thick, starch-like, semi-
transparent masses, becoming white and chalky.

adenitis {ad-en-i'-tis) [aden; vrts, inflammation].
Inflammation of a gland. Syn., phlegmasia adenosa;
phlegmasia glandulosa. a. cervicalis syphilitica, an
engorgement of the cervical lymphatic glands; a
sign of syphilitic infection, a. cubitalis, Griinfeld's
term for inflammation of the epitrochlear lymphatic
gland, a. hyperplastica, Griinfeld's term for a bubo
in which plastic exudation predominates, a. pubica,
bubo of the public region, often accompanied by
suppurative lymphangitis of the dorsum of the penis.
a., syphilitic, primitive, see bubo, syphilitic, a.
universalis, a widespread induration of the lymphatic
glands accompanying primary syphilis.

adenization {ad-en-i-za' -shun) [aden]. 1. The
assuming of a glandular appearance. 2. Adenoid
degeneration.

adeno- [aSr/v, a gland]. A prefix denoting relation
to glands.

ADENOBLAST

24

ADENOSARCOMA

adenoblast (ad'-en-o-blasf) [adeno-; /SXao-ros, a
germ], i. Any functionally active gland-cell; a
cell that assists in the glandular action. 2. Haeckel's
name for an embryonic cell which forms a gland.

adenocarcinoma (ad-en-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [adeno-;
carcinoma]. Adenoma blended with carcinoma.

adenocele (ad'-en-o-sel [adeno-; k^Xtj, a tumor].
A cystic tumor containing adenomatous elements.
See adenoma.

adenocellulitis {ad-en-o-sel-u-W -lis) [adeno-; cellu-
litis]. Inflammation of a gland and the surrounding
cellular tissue.

adenochirapsology (ad-en-o-ki-rap-sol'-o-je) [aden;
X«'p. hand; a-wTeiv, to touch; X670S, treatise]. The
obsolete doctrine of the healing of scrofula by the
touch of a king's hand.

adenochondroma (ad-en-o-kon-dro'-mah) [aden;
xbvbpos, cartilage: pi., adenochondromata]. A tumor
consisting of both glandular and cartilaginous tissue.

adenocyst (ad'-en-o-sist) [adeno-; kxxttis, a cyst].
A cystic lymphatic gland; a glandular cyst. Cf.
adenocystoma.

adenocystoma (ad-en-o-sis-to'-mah) [adeno-; kxxttis,
a cyst; opa, a tumor]. A cystic adenoma.

adenodermia (ad-en-o-dur' -me-ah) [aden; 5epp.a,
skin]. Disease of the glands of the skin.

adenodiastasis (ad-en-o-di-as'-tas-is) [aden; 8ia<r-
Tcuris, separation]. 1. Displacement of a gland.
2. Abnormal separation of a gland into distinct
parts.

adenodynia (ad-en-o-din'-e-ah) [aden; oSvvrj, pain].
See adenalgia.

adenofibroma (ad-en-o-fi-bro'-mah) [adeno-; fibroma].
A combination of adenoma and fibroma.

adenofibrosis (ad-en-o-fi-bro'-sis) [adeno-; fibrosis].
Fibroid degeneration of a gland, particularly the
inflammatory neoplasms involving sudoriparous
glands, due to infection with Botryomyces. Cf.
botryomycosis. _

adenogenesis (ad-en-o-jen'-es-is) [adeno-; ykvtais,
a creation]. The development of a gland.

adenographer (ad-en-og'-ra-fur). A writer on
glands.

adenography (ad-en-og'-ra-fe) [adeno-; ypafciv, to
write]. 1. That part of descriptive anatomy which
treats of the glandular system. 2. A treatise on
glands and the glandular system.

adenohypersthenia (ad-en-o-hi-per-sthe'-ne-ah) [ad-
eno-; v-wkp, over; adkvos, strength]. Excessive activity
of the glands, a. gastrica, a condition characterized
by the secretion of gastric juice abnormally rich
in hydrochloric acid or excessive in quantity.

adenoid (ad'-en-oid) [adeno-; elSos, resemblance].

1. Resembling a gland. 2. In the plural, the same
as adenoid vegetations, a. acne, see lupus, dissemi-
nated follicular, a. body. 1. The prostate gland.

2. A melanotic tumor, a. disease, synonym of
Hodgkin's disease, a. muscle, see thyroadenoideus
under muscle, a. tissue, lymphadenoid tissue.
a. tumor, see adenoma, a. vegetations, a term applied
to a hypertrophy of the adenoid tissue that normally
exists in the nasopharynx.

adenoidectomy (ad-en-oi-dek'-to-me) [adenoid;
enronri, excision]. An operation for the removal of
adenoids.

adenoids. See adenoid vegetations.

adenolipoma (ad-en-o-lip-o'-mah) [adeno-; lipoma].
A combination of adenoma and lipoma.

adenolipomatosis (ad-en-o-lip-o-mat-o'-sis) [adenoli-
poma]. A diseased condition of the lymphatic system
characterized by fatty deposits in the neighborhood
of the neck, axilla?, and groins. It is generally
unattended with pain. Syn., multiple lipomata.

adenologaditis (ad-en-o-log-ad-i'-tis) [adeno-; Xo-
yades, whites of the eyes; ms, inflammation].
1. Ophthalmia neonatorum. 2. Inflammation of
the glands and conjunctiva of the eyes.

adenology (ad-en-ol'-o-je) [adeno-; X670S, a dis-
course]. The science of or a treatise on the glandular
system.

adenolymphocele (ad-en-o-limf -o-sel) [adeno-;
lymph; ich\ri, tumor]. Dilatation of the lymph-
vessels and enlargement of the lymphatic glands.

adenolymphoma (ad-en-o-lim-fo'-mah) [adeno-; lym-
phoma]. A combined adenoma and lymphoma.
See lymphadenoma.

adenom (ad'-en-om). A preparation used as a
genitourinary sedative and anaphrodisiac.

adenoma (ad-en-o'-mah) [adeno-; 6pa, a tumor: pi.,
adenomata]. 1. An epithelial tumor constructed after

the type of a secreting gland. 2. Any tumor which
has as its characteristic feature tubes or spaces lined
with epithelium, whether or not it arises from or is
connected with a gland, a. carcinomatodes renis, a
renal neoplasm probably derived from aberrant
adrenal tissue in the kidney, a. destruens, a de-
structive form of adenoma, a. diffusum, hyper-
plasia of the mucous membrane with predominance
of glandular elements, a. fibrosum, a fibrous growth
in the stroma of a gland, a., heteropodous, one
arising from the metastasis of normal glandular
tissue, a., lupiform, see lupus erythematosus, a.,
malignant, an adenomatous carcinoma, a., papil-
lary, a. papilliferum, a form arising from either the
alveolar or the tubular adenoma through stronger
growth of the epithelium and the formation of
papilla? of connective tissue, a., racemose, an
adenoma after the type of a racemose gland, a.,
renal, glandular carcinoma of the kidney, a. seba-
ceum, a fatty tumor of the face composed of sebaceous
glands, a. simplex, a tumor-like hyperplasia of a
gland, a. sudoriparum, a cutaneous tumor involving
hyperplasia of the sweat-glands. Cf. hidrosadenitis.
a., tubular, an adenoma after the type of a tubular
gland, a., umbilical, a tumor at the navel originating
through the coalescence of Meckel's diverticulum
with the umbilical ring, through which the intestinal
mucosa appears in the navel. Syn., intestinal
ectropia.

adenomalacia (ad-en-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [adeno-; fia-
\ada, softening]. Abnormal softening of a gland.

adenomatome (ad-en-o'-mat-om) [adenoma; Top.ii,
a cutting]. Cutting forceps or scissors for use in the
removal of adenomatous growths.

adenomatosis (ad-en-o-mat-o'-sis). A condition
characterized by diffuse overgrowth of glandular
tissue.

adenomatous (ad-en-o'-mat-us). Pertaining to an
adenoma; characteristic of glandular hyperplasia.

adenomeningeal (ad-en-o-men-in'-je-al) [adeno-;
Mfi-y^ a membrane]. Pertaining to or affecting the
glands of a membrane.

adenomesenteritis (ad-en-o-mes-en-ter-i'-tis) [ade-
no-; mesentery; trts, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the mesenteric glands.

adenomyoma (ad-en-o-mi-o'-mah) [adeno-; p.vs, a
muscle; 6p.a, a tumor: pi., adenomyomata], A tumor
composed of glandular and muscular tissues, a.,
branchiogenic, cyst-formation in consequence of in-
flammation of the mucous bursa in the median line
of the neck.

adenomyxoma (ad-en-o-miks-o'-mah) [adeno-; pv%a,
mucus; 6p.a, a tumor]. A growth having the char-
acters of adenoma and myxoma.

adenomyxosarcoma (ad-en-o-miks'-o-sar-ko-mah) .
A rare combination of malignant tumor forms
(observed in the cervix uteri); a primary adenoma
with secondary sarcoma and finally myxomatous
degeneration of the stromas.

adenoncosis {ad-en-on-ko'-sis) [adeno-; 67/0001$,
swelling]. The enlargement of a gland.

adenoncus (ad-en-ong'-kus) [adeno-; ojkos, a mass].
A glandular tumor.

adenopathy, adenopathia (ad-en-op' '-a-the, ad-en-o-
pa'-the-ah) [adeno-; iraBos, disease]. Any disease of a
gland, a., angiobromic, see adenias, angibromic.
a., primary, the lymphadenitis resulting from primary
syphilitic infection, a., syphilitic, the enlarged and
indurated cervical, inguinal, and cubital glands
symptomatic of syphilitic infection, a., tracheo-
bronchial, a., tracheobronchic, hypertrophy of the
peribronchial lymphatic glands observed in the
course of various diseases, causing spasmodic cough.
a., tracheolaryngeal, inflammation and hypertrophy
of the tracheolaryngeal lymphatic glands.

adenopharyngeal (ad-en-o-far-in'-je-al) [adeno-;
4>a.pvy£, pharynx]. Pertaining to the thyroid gland
and the pharynx. #

adenopharyngitis (ad-en-o-far-in-ji'-tis) [adeno-;
<t>&pvyi-, pharynx; itis, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the tonsils and pharynx.

adenophlegmon (ad-en-o-fleg'-mon) [adeno-; <j>\ky-
p.oi>T), inflammation]. Suppurative inflammation of a
gland. Phlegmonous lymphadenitis.

adenophthalrnia (ad-en-of -thai' -me-ah) [adeno-;
6<t>6a\p.6s, the eye]. Inflammation of the Meibomian
glands.

adenophyma (ad-e-no-fi'-ma) [adeno-; <f>vpa, a tumor
or growth]. A soft swelling of a gland.
, adenosarcoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah) [adeno-; sar-

ADENOSARCORHABDOMYOMA

25

ADIPOSITAS

coma]. A tumor with the characters of adenoma
and sarcoma combined.

adenosarcorhabdomyoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko-rab-do-
mi-o'-mah). A neoplasm composed of the elements
of sarcoma, adenoma, and rhabdomyoma.

adenoscirrhus (ad-en-o-skir' -us) [adeno-; scirrhus].
Adenoma with scirrhous or carcinomatous elements.

adenosclerosis (ad-en-o-skle-ro'-sis) [adeno-; o-kXtj-
p6s, hard]. A hardening of a gland, with or without
swelling.

adenose (ad'-en-os) [aSrjv, gland]. Glandular;
abounding in glands; gland-like.

adenosis {ad-en-o' -sis) [adijv, a gland]. i. Any
glandular disease. 2. Any chronic glandular dis-
order, a. scrofulosa, see scrofula.

adenosynchitoniris (ad-en-o-sin-ki-ton-i'-tis) [ade-
no-; abv, with; xltoiv, a covering; ins, inflammation],
i. Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. 2. Oph-
thalmia neonatorum.

adenotome (ad'-en-o-tom) [adeno-; roy.ii, a cutting].
An instrument for incising a gland or for removing
adenoids.

adenotomy (ad-en-ot'-o-me) [adeno-; rop-h, a cut-
ting]. The anatomy of the glands; dissection or
incision or removal of a gland.

adenous (ad'-en-us) [aoijv, gland]. See adenose.

adenyl (ad'-en-il). The radical, C5H4N4, contained
in adenin.

adephagia (ad-e-fa'-je-ah) [aSr)<payos, eating one's
fill; gluttonous]. Voracious appetite; bulimia.

adeps (ad'-eps) [L.; gen., adipis]. 1. Lard. The
fat obtained from the abdomen of the hog, composed
of 38 % stearin and margarin and 62 % olein. It
forms 70 % of ceratum and 80 % of unguentum.
2. Fatness. 3. Animal fat. a. anserinus, a. anseris,
goose-grease, a. benzoinatus (U. S. P.), benzoinated
lard; contains 2 % of benzoin, a. curatus, a prepara-
tion of lard, 48 parts, and 1 part of Peruvian balsam.
a. ex fele, cat's grease, a. lana? (U. S. P.), lanolin.
a. lanae hydrosus (U. S. P.), hydrous wool-fat, the
purified fat of the wool of the sheep, a. ovillus,
a. ovis, mutton suet. A fixed oil (oleum adipis) is
expressed from lard. a. praeparatus (B. P.), purified
fat of the hog. a. suillus, hog's lard; adeps.

adepsin (ad-ep'-sin) [adeps, lard]. A petrolatum
much like vaselin.

adermia (ah-der'-me-ah) [a, priv.; Sepua, skin].
Absence or defect of the skin.

adermogenesis (ah-der-mo-jen'-es-is) [a, priv.;
Skpfia, skin; yb>cais, generation]. Deficient cutaneous
development.

adermotrophia (ah-der-mo-tro'-fe-ah) [a, priv.;
Sepfia, skin; Tpo<pi], nutrition]. Atrophy of the skin.

adesmosis (ah-des-mo'-sis) [a, priv.; Seo-p^s, a
band]. Atrophy of the cutaneous connective tissue.

adgenic, adgenicus (ad-jen'-ik, ad-jen'-ik-us) [ad,
to; gena, the chin]. Attached to the genial tubercles
or apophyses.

Adhatoda (ad-ha-to'-da) [from the Tamil name].
A genus of plants of the order Acanthacea. A. hys-
sopifolia, a species native of South Africa; the willow-
leaved Malabar nut; bitter, aromatic. A. vasica, a
species native of tropical Asia; the Malabar nut.
The juice of the leaves is used as an expectorant.
The leaves, flowers, and root are considered antispas-
modic and are given in asthma, intermittent fever,
and rheumatism. The fresh flowers are bound over
the eyes in cases of ophthalmia. In decoction the
leaves with other remedies are used as an anthel-
mintic. The nut is emmenagogue and used to expel
the dead fetus.

adhesion (ad-he'-zhun) [adhcerere, to stick to].
1. The attractive force between two dissimilar bodies
that are in contact. 2. Abnormal union of two
surfaces as a result of inflammation, etc. a., primary,
called also healing by first intention and by immediate
union, a method of healing of wounds by the pro-
duction of lymph, followed by the vascularization and
cicatrization of the exudate, a., secondary, or
healing by second intention, or by granulation, is that
mode of healing attended by the production of pus
and the formation of granulations.

adhesive (ad-he'-siv) [see adhesion}. 1. Sticky;
tenacious. 2. Resulting in or attended with ad-
hesion, a. inflammation, inflammation accom-
panied by plastic exudation, and tending to the
union of apposed surfaces, a. plaster, resin plaster,
see resin and emplastrum.

adhesol (ad-he' -sol). A surgical dressing said to
contain copal resin, 350 parts; benzoin, 30 parts;
2

oil of thyme, 20 parts; alphanaphthol, 3 parts; tolu
balsam, 30 parts; ether, 1000 parts.

adhyoid (ad-hi'-oid). Adherent to the hyoid bone.

adiadochokinesis (ah-di-ad-o-ko-kin-e'-sis) [a, priv. ;
SiaSoxos, succeeding]. '.Inability to perform rapidly
alternating movements, such as pronation and
supination.

Adiantum (ad-e-an' -turn) [a, priv.; Siavros, capable
of being wetted]. A genus of ferns: the maiden-hair.
A. capillus-veneris and A. pedatum, of North America,
are serviceable in coughs and as demulcents.

adiaphoresis (ah-di-af-o-re'-sis) [a, priv.; oiatpo-
pevew, to perspire]. Deficient sweat.

adiaphoretic (ah-di-af-o-ret'-ik) [a, priv.; 5ia<j>o-
peveiv, to perspire]. Reducing the sweat; anidrotic.

adiaphorous (ad-i-af'-or-us) [aSia<popos, indifferent].
Neutral; inert; doing neither harm nor good.

adiapneustia (ah-di-ap-nus' -te-ah) [a, priv.; 5iox-
vevo-Tkeiv, to perspire]. A stoppage of perspiration.

adiarthrotos (ah-di-ar-thro'-tos) [dSiapOpuros, not
jointed]. 1. Without joints; unjointed. 2. Inar-
ticulate (applied to speech).

adiathermancy (ah-di-ath-er'-man-se) [a, priv.; 5id,
through ; depprj, heat]. Impermeability to radiant heat.

adiathermic (ah-di-a-thur'-mik) [d, priv.; 5id,
through; depp-f], heat]. Impervious to radiant heat.

adiathesia (ah-di-ath-e'-se-ah) [d, priv.; diaBeais,
condition]. _ A condition or particular disease that is
not congenital.

adiathesic (ah-di-alh-e'-sik) [a, priv.; Siadea-is, con-
dition]. Not connected with any diathesis.

adiathetic (ah-di-ath-et'-ik) [a, priv.; diaBeais, con-
dition]. Adiathesic.

adiemorrysis, adiaemorrhysis (ah-di-e-mor'-e-sis)
[d, priv.; 81a, through; alpa, blood; pvais, flowing].
Failure of the circulation of the blood through the
veins, due to some obstruction.

adietetic (ah-di-et-et'-ik). 1. Unwholesome for
food. 2. Unmindful of dietetic requirements.

adigan (ad'-ig-an). A digitalis preparation which
has been freed from digitonin and other saponin-like
constituents; it is said to be effective and nontoxic.

adipatum (ad-ip'-a-tum). An ointment-base said
to consist of lanolin, vaselin, paraffin, and water.

adipic (ad-ip'-ik) [adeps, lard]. Of or belonging
to fat. a. acid, see acid, adipic.

adipocele (ad'-ip-o-sel) [adeps; K-rfKv, hernia]. A
true hernia with hernia sac, containing only fatty
tissue.

adipocellular (ad-ip-o-sel'-u-lar). Made up of fat
and connective tissue.

adipoceration (ad-ip-os-er-a' -shun) [adeps, fat;
cera, wax]. The formation of adipocere.

adipocere (ad'-ip-o-ser) [adeps; cera, wax]. A
wax-like substance formed by the exposure of fleshy
tissue to moisture, with the exclusion of air; *. e.,
in the earth or under water. It consists of the
fatty acids in combination with the alkaline earths
and ammonium. Human bodies in moist burial
places often undergo this change.

adipofibroma (ad-ip-o-fi-bro'-mah) [adeps; fibroma].
A combined fatty and fibrous tumor.

adipogenous (ad-ip-oj'-en-us) [adeps, fat; gignere,
to produce]. Producing fat and adipose tissue.

adipol (ad'-ip-ol). Trade name of a mineral sub-
stance used as a base for ointments.
. adipolysis (ad-ip-ol'-is-is) [adeps; \vo-is, disso-
lution]. The cleavage or hydrolysis of fats in the
process of digestion by the action of a fat-splitting
enzyme.

adipolytic (ad-ip-o-lit'-ik). r. Efficacious in the
digestion or cleavage of fats. 2. An agent efficient
in fat-digestion. Cf. steapsin.

adipoma (ad-ip-o'-mah) [adeps; bpa, a tumor]. A
fatty tumor ; lipoma.

adipometer (ad-ip-om'-et-ur) [adeps, fat; pkrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for the estimation of fat.

adipose (ad'-ip-6s) [adeps]. Fatty, a. tissue,
fatty tissue distributed extensively through the body.
Consists of areolar connective tissue, the cells of
which contain fat-globules.

adiposis (ad-ip-o'-sis) [adeps]. Corpulence; fatty
infiltration, a. dolorosa, Dercum's disease, charac-
terized by the formation of soft nodules throughout
the connective tissue of the body, accompanied by
neuralgic pains, a. hepatica, fatty degeneration or
infiltration of the liver.

adipositas (ad-ip-os'-it-as) [L.]. Fatness; corpul-
ency, a. cordis, a fatty condition of the heart.
a. universalis, obesity.

ADIPOSITY

26

ADULTERATION

adiposity (ad-ip-os'-it-e). Fatness; corpulency.

adiposuria (ad-ip-o-su'-re-ah). The presence of
fat in the urine. Lipuria.

adipsa (ad-ip'-sah) [neut. pi. of adipsus, without
thirst], i. Remedies to allay thirst. 2. Foods
which do not produce thirst.

adipsia (ah-dip'-se-ah) [&, priv. ; 8L\pa, thirst].
Absence of thirst.

adipsous (ah-dip'-sus) [&, priv.; 8tya, thirst].
Quenching thirst.

aditus (ad'-it-us) [adire, to go to]. In anatomy,
an entrance, a. ad antrum, the outer side of the
attic, opening upward, backward, and outward
into the mastoid antrum. It gives lodgment to the
head of the malleus and the greater part of the incus.
a. ad aquaeductum Sylvii, the entrance to the ventri-
cular aqueduct situated at the lower posterior angle
of the third ventricle of the brain, a. ad infundi-
bulum, a smaller canal extending from the third
ventricle into the infundibulum; it is also called
vulva, a. ad laryngem, a. laryngis, the entrance to
the larynx, a. glottidis, one of the openings (superior
or inferior) of the glottis.

adjuster (ad-jus' -ter) [Ft., adjuster, to adjust].
I. A device formerly used for forcible reduction of
dislocations. 2. One for holding together the two
ends of a silver wire suture, to secure approximation
of the parts without strain on the tissues.

adjustment, coarse. Commonly, the rack and
pinion for raising or lowering the tube of a microscope
a considerable distance without lateral deviation.
a., fine, the micrometer screw generally at the top
of the column of a microscope for raising or lowering
the tube slowly through a short distance.

adjuvant (ad'-ju-vant) [adjuvare, to assist]. _ A
medicine that assists the action of another to which
it is added.

Adler's benzidine reaction for blood. Mix equal
parts of a saturated solution of benzidine in alcohol
or. glacial acetic acid and of hydrogen dioxide (3 %)•
Add to this 1 Cc. of an aqueous solution of blood:
a green or blue color develops. The blood solution
should be acid in reaction.

ad lib. Abbreviation of ad libitum [L.]. At
pleasure; as much as you please.

admaxillary (ad-maks'-il-a-re). Pertaining to
maxillary structures. Cf. gland, admaxillary.

adminic'ulum lin'eae al'bae. See Cooper's ligament.

admortal (ad-mor'-tal) [ad, to; mors, mortis, death].
Moving from living muscular tissue toward that
which is dead or dying, as electric currents.

admove, admoveatur (ad'-mo-ve, ad-mo-ve-a'-tur)
[imper. sing, and 3d pers. sing., subj., pass., of
admovere, to apply]. Apply; let there be applied;
directions used in prescription-writing.

adnasal (ad-na'-sal) [ad, near to; nasus, the nose].
Pertaining to the nose.

adnata (ad-na'-tah) [ad, to; nasci, to be born, to
grow]. 1. The tunica adnata; the conjunctiva; more
correctly, a tendinous expansion of the muscles of
the eye; it lies between the sclerotic and the con-
junctiva. 2. One of the coats of the testicle.

adnate (ad'-nat) [adnatus, grown to]. Congenitally
attached or united.

adnephrin (ad-nef-rin). Trade name of a prepara-
tion similar to epinephrin.

adnerval (ad-ner'-val) [ad, to; nervus, a nerve].
Moving toward a nerve; said of electric currents in
muscular fiber.

adneural (ad-nu'-ral) [ad, to; vevpov', a nerve].
1. A term used to describe a nervous affection in
which the disease is at the very point where the
symptoms appear. 2. Adnerval.

adnexa (ad-neks' -ah) [ad, to; nectere, to join].
Adjunct parts, as the adnexa of the uterus, a. bulbi,
the appendages of the bulb of the eye. a. oculi,
the appendages of the eye, as the lids and lacrimal
apparatus, a. uteri, the Fallopian tubes and the
ovaries.

adnexitis (ad-nek-si' -lis) . Inflammation of the
adnexa uteri.

adnexopexy (ad-neks' -o-pek-se). The operation of
raising and fixing the uterine adnexa to the abdominal
wall.

adolescence (ad-o-les'-ens) [adolescere, to grow].
The period between puberty and maturity, in males
from about 14 to 25 years; in females, from 12 to 21
years.

adonidin (ad-on'-id-in) [Adonis]. A glucoside
derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant indigenous in

Europe and Asia. It is recommended in cardiac
dropsy. Dose \-\ gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.). a. tan-
nate, a yellowish-brown powder, soluble in alcohol,
slightly soluble in water; it is used in the same
manneras the glucoside.

Adonis (ad-o'-nis). A genus of European herbs
belonging to the order Ranunculacece. A. aestivalis,
a plant much used in Italy as a cardiac tonic. Dose
of fluidextract 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc); of the
tincture 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). A. vernalis, is
used as a cardiac stimulant, antipyretic, and diuretic.
Dose of the tincture 3-20 min. (0.2-1.3 Cc).

adoral (ad-o'-ral) [ad, near to; os, the mouth].
Situated near the mouth.

adorbital (ad-orb' -it-al) [ad, near to; orbita, orbit].
Pertaining to the orbit, a. bone, see lacrimal bone.

adosculation (ad-os-ku-la'-shun) [ad, to; osculari,
to kiss]. 1. Impregnation by external contact with-
out intromission. 2. An articulation in which one
part is inserted into the cavity of another.

adrenal (ad-re' -nal) [ad, near to; ren, the kidney].
1. Adjacent to the kidney. 2. The suprarenal
capsule.

adrenalin (ad-ren'-al-in), O0H15NO3. Trade name
for a preparation containing the active principle of
the suprarenal gland, a. chloride, used in solution
of 1 : 10,000 to 1 : 1000 in surgical operations on
the eye, ear, nose, urethra, etc.; it is a powerful
astringent, hemostatic, and heart tonic.

adrenalinemia (ad-ren-al-in-e'-me-ah) [adrenalin;
alpa, blood]. Presence of adrenalin in the blood.

adrenalitis (ad-ren-al-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
suprarenal glands.

adrenals (ad-re'-nalz) [ad, near to; ren, the kidney].
The suprarenal capsules.

adrenine (ad-ren'-en). A preparation 6i the
medulla of the suprarenal gland.

adrenitis (ad-ren-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
adrenals.

adrenol (ad-re' -nol) . An oily solution of adrenalin .

adrenoxidase (ad-ren-ok'-sid-as). Oxygenized ad-
renal secretion, said to be present in blood plasma.

adrenoxin (ad-ren-oks'-in) [adrenal; oxygen]. An
organic compound or oxidizing substance formed in
the lungs by the internal secretion of the adrenals
combined with the atmospheric oxygen. This
substance endows the blood- plasm with its oxidizing
properties (Sajous).

Adrian's mixture. A hemostatic mixture con-
taining chloride of iron 25 parts, chloride of sodium
15 parts, and water 60 parts.

adrin (ad'-rin). Epinephrin hydrate, an active
principle of the suprarenal gland; used as a local
hemostatic and vasomotor stimulant.

adrue (ad-ru'-e). Antiemetic root. The root of
Cyperus articulatus; it is anthelmintic, aromatic,
stomachic. Dose of the fluidextract 20-30 min.
(1.3-2.0 Cc).

adscititious (ad-si-tish'-us). Additional; added
from without.

adsorption (ad-sorp'-shun). 1. The power pos-
sessed by certain substances of taking up fluids (apart
from capillary attraction). 2. The process whereby
a substance becomes a part of another and remains
in a state midway between mechanical mixture and
chemical combination.

adsternal (ad-stern' -al) [ad, near to; sternum].
Pertaining to or situated near the sternum.

adstrictio (ad-strik'-she-o) [adstringere, to draw
together; pi., adstrictiones]. 1. The retention of any
natural excretion. 2. The action of an astringent.
3. The ligation of a blood-vessel, a. alvei, consti-
pation.

ADTe. Abbreviation of anodal duration tetanus;
symbol for tetanic contraction, produced by an
application of the positive pole with the circuit
closed.

adterminal (ad-ter'-min-al) [ad, near to; terminus,
the end]. Moving toward the insertion of a muscle;
said of electric currents in muscular fiber.

adult (ad'-ult) [adultus from adolescere, to grow].
Mature; of full legal age. One of mature age.
a. sporadic cretinism, see myxedema.

adulterant (ad-ul'-tur-ant). 1. The substance used
in the process of sophistication. 2. One who
adulterates.

adulteration (ad-ul-ter-a'-shun) [adulterare, to
corrupt or falsify]. The admixture of inferior,
impure, inert, or less valuable ingredients to an
article for gain, deception, or concealment.

ADUSTION

27

AEROPERITONIA

adustion (ad-us'-chun) [adustus, burned up],
i. The quality of being scorched or parched. 2.
Cauterization.

advancement (ai-vans'-ment) [Fr., avancer, to
advance]. An operation to remedy strabismus,
generally in conjunction with tenotomy, whereby
the opposite tendon from the overacting one, having
been cut, is brought forward, so that, growing fast
in a more advanced position, it shall have more
power to act upon the globe of the eye. a., capsular,
an operation similar to that on the tendon upon
Tenon's capsule. It differs from advancement in
that the tendon itself is not divided, a. of the round
ligaments, an operation for replacement of the
uterus by taking up "the slack of the round liga-
ments." See Alexander's Operation, a. of Tenon's
capsule, see a., capsular.

adventitia (ad-ven-tish' -e-ah) [adventitius, foreign].
The external coat of a blood-vessel.

adventitious {ad-ven-tish' -us) [adventitius, foreign].
Accidental, foreign, acquired, as opposed to natural
or hereditary; occurring out of the ordinary or
normal place or abode.

adynamia, adynamy (ah-din-a'-me-ah, ah-din'-a-
me) [a, priv.; Svvanis, power]. Loss of vital or muscu-
lar power; prostration.

adynamic (ah-din-am' -ik) . See adynamia.

adynamicoataxic (ad-in-am-ik-o-at-aks'-ik). Per-
taining to adynamia and ataxia.

adynatus (ad-in' -at-us) . Weakly, sickly.

ae-. See e for English words beginning with ae.

Aeby, plane of. In craniometry, one passing
through the nasion and basion perpendicular to the
median plane.

Aedes (ah-e'-dez) [a-qd-qs, annoying]. A genus
of mosquitoes. A. calopus, the mosquito of yellow
fever, also called Stegomyia calopus.

aedoeagra (e-de-a'-grah). See edeagra.

aedoeitis (e-de-i'-tis). See edeitis.

aedoeodynia (e-de-o-din'-e-ah). See edeodynia.

aedoeology (e-de-ol'-o-je). See edeology.

aedoeomania {e-de-o-ma' -ne-ah) . See edeomania.

asdoeoscopy (e-de-os'-ko-pe). See edeoscopy.

aedoeotomy (e-de-ot'-o-me). See edeotomy.

aegagropilus (e-gag-rop'-il-us) [alyaypos, a wild
goat; 7rt\os, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed
of hair, found in animals and occasionally in man.
A bezoar.

aegilops (e'-jil-ops). See egilops.

aegobronchophony (e-go-brong-koff'-o-ne). See ego-
bronchophony.

aegonia (e-go' -ne-ah) [L.]. A minor or slight
egophony.

aegophony (e-goff'-o-ne). See egophony.

aeluropsis (el-u-rop'-sis) [aLXvpos, cat; o\pls, appear-
ance]. Obliquity of the eye or of the palpebral
fissure.

aequabiliter justo major, or minor pelvis (e-kwa-
bil'-it-er). See pelvis.

aer (a'-er). 1. See atmos. 2. See air. a. de-
phlogisticus, oxygen, a. fixus, carbon dioxide.

aerate (a'-er -at). To supply with air; to charge
with gas; to oxygenate, carbonate, etc. ; to arterialize.

aerated (a'-er-a-ted) [a-qp, atmosphere]. Charged
with gas or air; arterialized. a. waters, waters
charged with a greater amount of carbon dioxide
than they will absorb under ordinary conditions.

aeration (a-er-a'-shun) [a-qp, air]. Charging with
air or gas, such as carbon dioxide; the state of being
supplied with air or gas.

aerator (a'-er-a-tor). A machine for forcing gas
or air into liquids.

aerendocardia (a-er-en-do-kar'-de-ah) [a-qp, air;
hihov, within; KapSia, heart]. The existence of air
within the heart.

aerenterasic (a-er-en-tur-a'-sik) [a-qp, air; ivTepov,
the intestine]. Flatulent, tympanitic.

aerenter ectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta'-se-ah) [a-qp. air;
h-repov, intestine; e/crao-is, distention]. Flatulence;
distention of the abdomen by gas within the intes-
tines.

aerial (a-e'-re-al). Pertaining to the air. a. con-
duction, hearing through air-vibrations.

aerhemoctonia (a-er-hem-ok-to' -ne-ah) [a-qp, air;
atp.a, blood; ktovos, killing]. Death Lby the entrance
of air into the veins.

aericolous (a-er-ik' -ol-us) [aer, air; colere, to in-
habit]. Inhabiting the air. Living in the open air.

aeriferous (a-er-if -er-us) [a-qp, air; ferre, to bear].
Conveying air, as the trachea and its branches.

aerification (a-er-if-ik-a'-shun) [a-qp, air; facer e, to
make]. 1. The process of charging with air; the
state of being charged with air. 2. Emphysema.

aerifluxus (a-er-if-luks' -us) [a-qp, air; fiuxus, flow].
Any abnormal escape of air, as by belching, flatulence,
etc.

aeriform {a-e' -re-form) [a-qp, air; forma, form].
Resembling air or gas.

aerify (a-er'-e-fi) [a-qp, air; facere, to make]. 1. To
fill with air; to combine with air. 2. To change to
a gaseous state.

aeroanaerobic (a-er-o-an-a-er-o'-bik). Applied to
organisms which are both aerobic and anaerobic.

aerobe (a'-er-ob) [a-qp, air; /3tos, life]. One of the
aerobia. See aerobic.

aerobia (a-er-o' -be-ah) [a-qp, air; /Stos, life]. Plural
or aerobion. Organisms that require air or free
oxygen for the maintenance of life, a., facultative,
organisms normally or usually anaerobic, but under
certain circumstances acquiring aerobic power.
a., obligate, organisms dependent upon free oxygen
at all times; never anaerobic.

aerobic (a-er-o' -bik) [a-qp, air; pios, life]. Requiring
oxygen (air) in order to live. A term applied to
bacteria requiring free oxygen. Those which do not
grow in oxygen are called anaerobic. There are forms
that are able to grow without oxygen under favorable
conditions, though they make use of it when present;
others that may grow in its presence, but flourish
best without; these are called respectively facultative
aerobic or facultative anaerobic, while those first
mentioned are called obligatory aerobic or obligatory
anaerobic.

aerobion (a-er-o' -be-on) [a-qp, air; /Sios, life]. An
aerobe. See aerobia, and aerobic.

aerobioscope (a-er-o-bi'-o-skop) [a-qp, air; /3i'os, life;
a-Kowiiv, to examine]. An apparatus for collecting
and filtering bacteria from the air.

aerobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o'-sis) [a-qp, air; /3tos, life].
Life that requires the presence of air, or free oxygen.

aerobiotic (a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik) [a-qp, air; fiiwriKos, per-
taining to life]. Thriving only in the presence of
air.

aerocele (a-er'-o-sel) [a-qp, air; K17X77, tumor]. A
tumor varying with respiration, found in the thyroid
region, usually unilateral, with walls resembling
mucosa and containing mucous or mucopurulent
matter. Sometimes congenital, but oftener the
result of violent coughing or straining. When
acquired, it may disappear spontaneously. Syn.,
aerial bronchocele; aerial goiter; pneumatocele; trache-
ocele; hernia of the trachea.

aerocolpos (a-er-o-kol'-pos). Distention of the
vagina with air or gas.

aerocystoscope (a-er-o-sist'-o-skop). Same as
aerourelhroscope.

aerocystoscopy (a-er-o-sist-os'-ko-pe). Examina-
tion of the bladder with the aerourethroscope, the
bladder being distended with air.

aerodermectasia (a-er-o-der-mek-ta'-ze-ah) [a-qp, air;
8epfj.a, skin; e/cratrts, distention]. Surgical emphy-
sema; distention of the subcutaneous connective
tissue by air.

aeroductor (a-er-o-duk' -tor) [a-qp, air; ducere, to
lead]. An apparatus to prevent asphyxia of the fetus
if the after-coming head is retained.

aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'-iks) [a-qp, air; Swa/xis,
power]. The branch of physics that deals with gases
in motion.

_ aeroenterectasia (a-er-o-en-ter-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [a-qp,
air; ivrepov, intestine; acraais, dilatation]. Dis-
tention of the bowels with gas.

aerogen (a'-er-o-jen) [a-qp, air; ytwav, to produce].
Any gas-producing microorganism.

aerography (a-er-og'-ra-fe) [a-qp, air; ypa.<f>r), a
writing]. Description of air and its qualities.

aerohydropathy (a-er-o-hi-drop' -a-the) [a-qp, air;
vScop, water; ira&os, disease]. Pneumatic treatment
of disease, combined with hydropathy.

aerohydrotherapy. See aerohydropathy.

aerology (a-er-ol'-o-je) [a-qp, air; \6yos, treatise].
The science of the air and its qualities.

aerometer (a-er-om'-et-er) [a-qp, air; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the density
of gases. _

aeromicrobe, aeromicrobion (a-er-o-mi'-krob, -kro'-
be-on). See aerobe.

aeropathy (a-er-op' -ath-e) . Caisson disease, q. v.

aeroperitonia (a-er-o-per-it-o' -ne-ah) [a-qp, air; peri-
toneum]. Air or gas in the peritoneal cavity.

AEROPHAGIA

28

AFFERENT

aerophagia, aerophagy (a-er-o-fa'-je-ah, a-er-of-
a-je) [6.7JP, air; <j>ayelv, to eat]. The imbibing and
swallowing of air, especially observed in hysterical
patients, a., rectal, aspiration of air by the rectum.

aerophil (a-er'-o-fil) [&rip, air; <pikelv, to love].
i. An open-air-loving person or creature. 2. Aero-
bic.

aerophobia (a-er-o-fo'-be-ah) [&ijp, air; <£6/3os, fear].
Dread of a current of air.

aerophone (a'-er-o-fon) [ar)p, air; <j>wvf), sound].
An instrument for increasing the amplitude of sound-
waves.

aerophore (a'-er-o-for) [dijp, air; <pepeu>, to carry].
I. A device for inflating the lungs of a still-born
child with air. 2. A breathing apparatus, used by
firemen and others, to prevent the inhalation of
noxious gases.

aerophysic (a-er-o-fiz'-ik) [difa, air; <t>voav, to inflate].
Inflated; distended with air; flatulent.

aerophyte (a-er-o-flt) [dijp, air; <j>vtov, plant]. A
plant living exclusively in the air.

aeroplethysmograph (a-er-o-pleth-iz'-mo-graf) [h-qp,
air; ir\r)dvo-p.6s, an enlargement; ypafaiv, to write].
An apparatus for registering graphically the expired
air; the latter raises a very light and carefully equi-
poised box placed over water, and this moves a
writing-style.

aeroporotomy (a-er-o-por-ot'-o-me) [6.rjp, air; wopos,
a pore; rop-r), a cutting]. The operation of admitting
air to the lungs, as by intubation or tracheotomy.

aeroscope (a'-er-o-skop) [ar/p, air; anoiriiv, to ob-
serve]. An instrument for estimating the purity of
the air; also an instrument for the examination of
air-dust.

aeroscopy (a-er-os'-ko-pe) [see aeroscope}. The
investigation of atmospheric conditions.

aerostatics (a-er-o-stat'-iks) [a.-qp, air; <ttoltlk6s,
standing]. The branch of physics that treats of the
properties of gases at rest.

aerotaxis (a-er-o-taks'-is) [a,-qp, air; rdfis, order].
A form of taxis in which living organisms are attracted
or repelled by oxygen.

aerotherapeutics, aerotherapy (a-er-o-ther-a-pu'-
tiks, a-er-o-ther' -ap-e) [a-ftp, air; depaireveiv, to heal].
A mode of treating disease by varying the pressure
or the composition of the air breathed.

aerothermotherapy (a-er-o-ther-mo-ther'-ap-e) [arjp,
air; depur), heat; depaxela, therapy]. Treatment
with hot air.

aerothorax {a-er-o-tho'-raks). See pneumothorax.

aerotonometer (a-er-o-ton-om'-et-er) [ar/p, air; twos,
tension; iierpov, a measure]. An instrument for
estimating the tension of gases in the blood.

aerotonometry (a-er-o-ton-om'-et-re). Measure-
ment of the tension or pressure of gases in the blood.

aerotropism (a-er-of '-ro-pizm) [hyp, air; rpk-wew, to
turn]. 1. In biology, the deflection of roots from
the normal direction of growth by the action of
gases. 2. The tendency of certain protozoa to
mass around a bubble of air.

aerotympanal (a-er-o-tim' -pan-al) [hyp, air; rvp-iravov,
a drum]. Pertaining to the air and the tympanum.
Cf. air, innate.

aerourethroscope (a-er-o-u-reth'-ro-skop) [ar)p, air;
ovprjdpa, urethra; o-noirelv, to examine]. An instru-
ment modified from the endoscope used in aero-
urethroscopy. Syn., aerocystoscope.

aerourethroscopy (a-er-o-u-re-thros'-ko-pe) [&tip, air;
ovp-qOpa, urethra; aicoireZv, to examine]. Urethros-
copy conjoined with inflation of the urethra with air.

aerozol {a'-er-o-zol) [hyp, air; 6few, to smell]. A
mixture of essential oils said to contain 75 % of
ozone; it is used by inhalation in catarrhal affections.

aerteriversion (a-er-ter-iv-er'-shun). See arterio-
version.

aerteriverter (a-er-ter-iv-er'-ter). See arterioverter.

aerugo (e-ru'-go) [L., gen., ceruginis]. 1. Rust of a
metal. 2. Copper rust; verdigris. ae. ferri, the
subcarbonate of iron. ae. plumbi, lead carbonate or
subcarbonate.

aerumna (e-rum'-nah) [L.]. Mental distress, or
mental and physical distress combined.

Aerva (a-er'-vah) [Ar.]. A genus of plants of the
order Amarantacece. A. lanata, a species native of
tropical Asia and Arabia. It furnishes chaya-root,
which contains a mucilaginous principle and has
been used as a diuretic, in strangury, and as a de-
purative.

aes (ez) [L.]. Copper or brass. See copper.

aesculetin. See esculetin.

aesculin {es'-ku-lin). See esculin.

^sculus (es'-ku-lus) [L.]. A genus of sapinda-
ceous shrubs and trees; buckeye. M. glabra, Ohio
buckeye. The bark is tonic, astringent, and anti-
periodic. Dose of fluid-extract 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2
Cc). M. hippocastanum, horse-chestnut. The bark
is tonic, astringent, antiperiodic. Dose of fluid-
extract 20-60 min. (1.2-3.7 Cc). M. pavia, red
buckeye. The bark has been used as a febrifuge.
The fruit is said to be an active convulsant.

aestates (es-ta'-tez) [L., pi.]. Freckles or sunburn.

aesthema (es-the'-mah) [aladrma; pi. cesthemates].
A perception, sensation, sense.

aesthematology (es-the-mat-ol'-o-je). See esthe-
matology.

aesthesia (es-the'-ze-ah). See esthesia.

aesthesin (es'-the-sin). See esthesin.

assthesiogen (es-the'-se-o-jen). See esthesiogen.

aesthesiography (es-the-se-og'-ra-fe). See esthesiog-
raphy.

eesthesiology (es-the-se-ol'-o-je) . See esthesiology.

aesthesiomania (es-the-se-o-ma'-ne-ah). Seeesthesio-
mania.

aesthesiometer {es-ihe-se-om' -et-er) . See esthesiom-
eter.

aesthesiometry {es-ihe-se-om' -et-re). See eslhesiom-
etry.

aesthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro'-sis). See es-
thesioneurosis.

aesthesis (es-the'-sis). See esthesis.

aesthetica (es-thet'-ik-ah) [alo-d-qais, perception by
the senses]. Diseases characterized by impairment
or abolition of any of the senses.

aesthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). See estho-
physiology.

aestivaJ {es'-tiv-al). See estival.

aestivation {es-tiv-a'-shun). See estivation.

aestuarium (es-tu-a'-re-um). See estuarium.

aestuation (es-tu-a'-shun). See estuation.

aestus (es'-tus) [L.]. Heat; especially a flushing,
or sudden glow of heat. ae. volaticus, wildfire rash;
strophulus.

aetas (e'-tas) [L.]. Age; a period of life. See age.

aether (e'-ther). See ether.

aetherism {e'-ther-izm). See etherism.

aethiopification {e-the-op-if-ik-a'-shun). See ethiopi-
fication.

aethiopiosis {e-the-op-e-o' -sis) . See ethiopification.

aethiops {e'-the-ops) [AidLoif/, Ethiopian]. An old
term for any black mineral powder used in medicine.
ae. antimonialis, a black triturate of mercury, anti-
mony, and sulphur, made after several distinct
formula?, ae. martialis, black oxide of iron. ae. min-
eralis, black amorphous triturate of mercury with
sulphur, in various proportions.

aethomma (eth-om'-ah) [al96s, of a burnt color;
bpp.a, the eye]. 1. Pare's term for a pigmented con-
dition of the humors and tunics of the eye. 2. Kiihn's
term for a morbid condition marked by flashes of
light and flame appearing before the eye.

aetiology (e-te-ol'-o-je). See etiology.

afebrile (ah-feb'-ril) [&, priv.; febrilis, feverish].
Without fever.

afetal (ah-fe'-tal) [&, priv.; fetus, an offspring].
Without a fetus.

affection (af-ek'-shun) [ajflcere, to affect]. Disease.
a., parainfectious, one in which the symptoms or
conditions are only indirectly related to the disease
named; a by-condition or accessory infection of
certain diseases characterized by the appearance of
symptoms attributable to an intercurrent or second-
ary infection, as in the case of noma occurring in
cases of measles and due to infection with diphtheria.
a., pneumogastropituitous, see pertussis, a., poly-
uric, see lithuria. a., primary, one independent of
any preceding disease, a., secondary, one that is a
complication or sequel of a preexisting disease.
a., vaporous, see vapors.

affective (af-ek'-tiv) [see affection]. Exciting
emotion, a. faculties, the emotions and propensities,
especially those peculiar to man. a. insanity, emo-
tional or impulsive insanity.

affenspalte (af-fen-spal-ter) [German for ape's
split]. The parietooccipital fissure; ape-fissure.

afferent (af-er-ent) [afferens, carrying to]. Carry-
ing toward the center. Of nerves: conveying im-
pulses toward the central nervous system; sensory;
centripetal. Of blood-vessels: those, as the arteries,
conveying blood to the tissues. Of lymphatics.
those conveying lymph to a lymphatic gland.

AFFERENTIA

29

AGAR-AGAR

afferentia (af-er-en' -she-ah) . See vasa.

affiliation (af-il-e-a' -shun) [ad, to; filius, son].
In medical jurisprudence, the act of imputing or
affixing the paternity of a child in order to provide
for its maintenance.

affinity (af-in'-it-e) [affinis, akin to], i. Relation-
ship. 2. Attraction. 3. In biology, morphologic,
physiologic, and phylogenetic relationship between
organisms, a. of aggregation, cohesive attraction;
the mechanical affinity of similar molecules tending
to the formation of masses. Syn., quiescent affinity;
affinitas quiescens. a., chemical, the force, exerted
at inappreciable distances, that unites atoms.
a. of composition, the tendency of substances to
unite directly without previous decomposition.
Syn., affinitas compositionis ; simple affinity; single
affinity; compound affinity; mixing affinity, a.,
developed, that exhibited by compounds, but which
is not possessed by the constituents separately.
Syn., affinitas producta; resulting affinity; secondary
affinity, a., divellent, the tendency to form new
compounds at the expense of decomposition of those
previously existing. Syn., affinitas divellens; separ-
ating affinity, a., elective, the preference of one
substance for another over a second or third, a.,
elementary. 1. That which exists between the
elements of two or more compounds. 2. Physico-
chemical relationship of elementary substances.
a., mediating, that by virtue of which a substance
lacking the power of combination with a certain
substance secures it by preliminary combination with
another. Syn., appropriate affinity; imparted affinity;
intermediate affinity; inducing affinity; inductive
affinity; affinity of an intermedium; affinitas adjuta;
affinitas appropriata; affinitas approximata. a.,
morbid, the tendency of certain affections to exist
synchronously or as sequels, a., reciprocal, chemical
attraction between the elements of a secondary
compound, tending, under altered conditions, to the
reformation of the primary compound. Syn.,
alternating elective affinity; affinitas reciproca. a.,
simple elective, that exhibited by a simple body for a
single element of a compound. Syn., single elective
affinity, a. of solution, that existing between a dis-
solved substance and its solvent, a., vital, the
selective action or chemiotaxis exhibited by the
several tissues of an organism for their peculiar
pabulum.

affion, affioni [Turkish]. Crude opium; it contains
regularly 10 % of morphine. Syn., offium.

affixion (af-ik'-shun) [affigere, to fasten]. Ad-
hesion.

afflatus (af-la'-tus) [L., "a blowing upon"]. 1. A
draft or blast of air. 2. A sudden attack. 3. A sup-
posed inspiration or divine influence.

affluence (af-lu-ens) [affluentia, from affluere, to
flow to]. A determination or influx, as of blood to a
part.

affluent (af-lu-ent) [affluens, flowing to]. Pro-
ducing a congestion; determinant; flowing in or upon.

afflux, affluxion (af-luks, af-fluk' -shun) [affluere, to
flow toward]. The flow of the blood or other liquid
to a part.

affuse (af-uz') [af "under e, to pour upon]. To
sprinkle or pour upon from a height: to shower.

affusio (af-u'-se-o) [L.; pi., affusiones]. 1. An
affusion. 2. Suffusion. 3. Infusion. 4. Cataract.

affusion (af-u'-zhun) [affundere, to pour upon].
The pouring of water upon an object, as upon the
body in fever, to reduce temperature and calm nervous
symptoms, a., cold. Currie's method of treating
fevers by pouring cold water over the patient.
Syn., affusio frigida.

afibroma (ah-fi-bro'-mah) [&, priv.; fibroma]. A
mass of fibrous tissue which is not arranged so as to
form a tendon or fascia.

African arrow-poison. See strophanthus. A. fever,
synonym of dengue. A. gum, gum-arabic. A.
lethargy, a "sleeping-sickness" affecting west African
coast negroes. Increasing somnolence is the char-
acteristic symptom. It is very fatal — death from
exhaustion follows in from 3 to 6 months. Syn.,
nelavan.

afridol (af-rid-ol). An antiseptic, said to be an
orthotoluate of mercury and sodium.

afrodyn (af-ro-din) [a<t>po8L<ria, veneryl. An aphro-
disiac, the principal ingredient of which is said to be
the tincture of myorapuama.

af tannin (af -tan-in). An infusion of herbs with
formaldehyde and glycerin used in veterinary practice.

after (af-ter) [AS., after, back]. 1. The anus;
the buttocks. 2. Next in succession.

after-action, the negative variation in an elec-
trical current continuing for a short time in a tetan-
ized muscle, a., inner, that involving the whole
muscle or muscular fiber, a., terminal, that affecting
only the ends of the muscular fibers.

after-birth, the popular designation of the placenta,
cord, and membranes, sometimes called the secun-
dines.

after-brain. See hindbrain and metencephalon.

after-care, the care or nursing of convalescents;
specifically, the treatment of patients discharged as
cured from lunatic asylums.

after-cataract, cataracta secundaria; an opacity of
the media of the eye after operation for cataract due
to opacification of the capsule or to non-absorption
of the remains of the lens-substance.

after-current (af-ter-kur'-ent). See under current.

after-damp, a poisonous mixture of gases, such as
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, found in coal
mines after an explosion of inflammable gases.

after-gilding (af-ter-gild'-ing). A term introduced
by Apathy to designate the process of treating nerve-
tissues with salts of gold after fixation and hardening.
Cf . foregilding.

after-hearing, a neurotic condition in which sounds
are heard after the wave-motion that produces them
has ceased.

after-images, continued retinal impressions after
the stimulus of the light or image has ceased to act.
A positive after-image is a simple prolongation of the
sensation; a negative after-image is the appearance of
the image in complementary colors. After sensations
may be also experienced with other senses.

afterings (af -ter-ingz) . See after-milk.

after-milk, the strippings; the last milk taken
from the teat at any one milking. It is peculiarly
rich in butter, as compared with the fore-milk.

after-pains. See pains.

after-perception, the perception of a sensation
after the stimulus has passed away.

after-production (af-ter-pro-duk'-shun). A new
growth; neoplasm.

after-sensation, a sensation lasting longer than
the stimulus producing it.

after-taste, a gustatory sensation produced some
time after the stimulus has been removed.

after-treatment. See after-care.

after-vision (af-ter-vish'-on). The perception of an
after-image.

Ag. Abbreviation for argentum, Latin for silver.

agalactia (ah-gal-ak'-te-ah) [&, priv.; -ydXa, milk].
Xon-secretion or imperfect secretion of milk after
child-birth.

agalactous (ah-gal-ak'-tus) [a, priv.; yaka, milk].
1. Without milk. 2. Xot suckled; not nourished
with milk. 3. Capable of diminishing the secretion
of milk.

agal-aga! (ah'-gal-ah'-gal). See agar-agar.

agalasia (ah-gal-a'-ze-ah). See agalactia, a. con-
tagiosa, an epidemic, contagious disease of sheep and
goats, marked by drying-up of the milk.

agalorrhea, or agalorrhcea (ah-gal-o-re'-ah) [d, priv. ;
yaKa, milk; \peeiv, to flow]. A cessation of the flow
of milk.

agamic (ah-gam'-ik) [d, priv.; ydfxos, marriage].
In biology, not sexual; not pertaining to the sexual
relation; asexual reproduction; parthenogenesis.

agamogenesis (ah-gam-o-jen'-es-is) [a, priv.; ydp.os,
marriage; yeve<ns, generation]. Reproduction with-
out fecundation, as, e. g., by gemmation. See
parthenogenesis.

agamogenetic (ah-gam-o-jen-et'-ik) [d, priv.; yd/Ms,
marriage; ykveavt, generation]. Pertaining to
agamogenesis.

agamospore (ah-gam'-o-spor) [a, priv.; ydnos, marri-
age; airopa, offspring]. In biology, an asexually
produced spore.

aganactesis (ag-an-ak-te' -sis) [£7 avaxT-na is, physical
pain]. Irritation; physical pain or uneasy sensation.

aganoblepharon (ag-an-o-blef -ar-on) [ay avo&\Wopos,
mild-eyed]. Adhesion of the eyelids to each
other.

agar-agar (ag'-ar-ag'-ar) [Ceylon]. A kind of glue
made from certain sea-weeds, such as Gracilaria
lichenoides and Gigarlina speciosa, used in medicine
to make suppositories, and in bacteriological studies
to make a solution in which microorganisms are bred
or kept. See gelose.

AGAR HANGING BLOCK

30

AGLOBULIA

agar hanging block (ag'-ar). In bacteriology a
small block of nutrient agar cut from a poured plate,
and placed on a cover-glass, the surface next the
glass having been first touched with a loop from a
young fluid culture or with a dilution from the same.
It is examined upside down, the same as a hanging
drop.

agaric (ag-ar'-ik). Touchwood; spunk; tinder;
the product of different species of Boletus, a genus of
mushrooms. Boletus laricis, Polyporus officinalis —
is the white or purging agaric. Agaric or agaricinic
acid, in doses of T%— I Sr- (0.004-0.02 Gm.), is also
useful in night-sweats. Dose of the extract 3-6 gr.
(0.19-0.38 Gm.); of the tincture 3-20 min. (0.18-1.2
Cc). Agaricus chirurgorum, Boletus chirurgorum,
surgeon's agaric, a parasitic fungus formerly used
for moxa. Soaked in solution of potassium nitrate
it forms spunk. Agaricus muscarius, fly agaric,
poisonous mushroom, contains an alkaloid, muscarine.
Dose of the alkaloid \— 2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.).
Muscarine nitrate is used hypodermatically. Dose
hi— f gr. (0.006-0.048 Gm.).

agaricin (ag-ar'-is-in) [see agaricus]. 1. C16H30O5
+H2O. A white, crystalline substance, the active
principle of Agaricus albus. It has proved useful
in the night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Dose ^y — ^j gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.). Unof. 2. An
impure alcoholic extract of the agaric, Polyporus
officinalis; used as an anhidrotic.

Agaricus (ag-ar'-ik-us) [ayapiKov, of Dioscorides,
from Agaria, a former district of Poland or Sarmatia,
whence the Greeks derived the larch agaric]. A large
genus of hymenomycetous fungi; mushrooms and
toadstools. Cf. Polyporus amanita. A. chirurgorum,
see under' agaric. A. rubra, A. sanguinea, these
species, indigenous to France, were formerly included
under A. rubra. They yield the alkaloid agarythrine
and the rose-red coloring-matter ruberin.

agarythrine (ag-ar' -ith-rin) . A yellowish-white
alkaloid extracted by ether from Agaricus rubra and
A. sanguinea. It has a bitter taste and leaves a
burning sensation in the mouth.

agaster (ah-gas'-ter) [a, priv.; yaarrip, the stomach].
One without a stomach.

agastric (ah-gas'-trik) [see agaster]. Without an
intestinal canal, as the tape-worms.

agastronervia (ah-gas-tro-ner' -ve-ah)[a, priv.; yaarrip,
the stomach; nervus, a nerve or sinew]. See agastro-
neuria.

agastroneuria (ah-gas-tro-nu' -re-ah)[a, priv.; yaarrip,
the stomach; vevpov, a nerve]. Deficiency in the
nerve-stimulus sent to the stomach.

agathin (ag'-ath-in) [aya96s, good], CeH4(OH) .-
CH . N . N . (CH3) . CeHa. A greenish-white, crystal-
line substance, obtained by the interaction of salicylic
aldehyde and a-methylphenylhydrazine. It is used
as an antineuralgic in doses of 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.) 2 or 3
times daily. Its action is cumulative.

Agave (a-ga'-ve) [ayavf), noble]. A large genus of
amaryllidaceous plants, natives of North America.
A. americana, American aloe, the leaves of a plant
growing in North America. It is diuretic and anti-
syphilitic. Dose of the fluidextract |-i dr. (2-4 Cc).
The fresh juice is also similarly employed. The
fermented juice, called pulque, is a moderately stimu-
lant drink, very popular in Mexico.

age (aj). The length of time a being has existed;
also, a certain stage in life. a. of consent, in medical
jurisprudence the age at which a minor is considered
capable of consenting to sexual intercourse; it is
usually placed at 16 years, a. critique, the climac-
teric, a., marriageable, a., nubile, see nubility.
a. of puberty, see puberty.

agenesia, agenesis (ah-jen-e'-se-ah, ah-jen'-es-is)
[a, priv.; ykveais, generation]. 1. Incomplete and
imperfect development. 2. Impotence, barrenness.

agenosomia (ah-^en-o-so'-me-ah) [a, priv.; 7€wa>,
to beget; au>p.a, body]. Defective development of the
genitals.

agenosomus (ah-jen-o-so'-mus) [&, priv.; yewav, to
beget; awp.a, body]. A variety of single autositic
monsters, of the species Celosoma, in which there is a
lateral or median eventration occupying principally
the lower portion of the abdomen, while the genital
and urinary organs are either absent or very rudi-
mentary.

agent (a'-jent) [agere, to act, to do]. A substance
or force that by its action effects changes in the
human body.

agerasia (aj-er-a'-ze-ah) [ay-qpaala, eternal youth].

Vigorous old age; age without its wonted feebleness
and decay.

ageusia, ageustia (ah-gu'-se-ah, ah-goost'-e-ah) [a,
priv.; yevais, taste]. Abolition of the sense of taste.
a., central, that due to lesion of the cerebral centers
of the gustatory nerves, a., conduction, that due
to lesion in the nerves between their origin and
distribution, a., peripheral, that due to disorder
of the ends of the nerves of taste.

agger (aj'-er) [L.]. In anatomy, a pile or mound.
a. nasi, an oblique ridge on the inner surface of the
nasal process of the maxilla; also called crista eth-
moidalis. a. valvulae venae [pi., agger es valvular urn
venarum], the eminence of a venous valve; a projec-
tion within the lumen of a vein at the junction of a
valve.

agglomerate (ag-lom'-er-at) [agglomerare, to wind
into a ball]. Grouped or clustered.

agglutinant (ag-lu' -tin-ant). See agglutinative

agglutinate (ag-lu' -tin-at) [see agglutination]. To
glue together; to unite by adhesion.

agglutinatio (ag-lu-tin-a'-she-o). Agglutination.
a. maxilla; inferioris, trismus.

agglutination (ag-lu-tin-a'-shun) [agglutinate, to
paste to]. 1. A joining together. 2. A copulative
phenomenon accompanying hemolysis or bacteri-
olysis, thought by Gruber to be due to some de-
leterious effect on the membrane of the bacteria or
blood-corpuscles which makes it sticky, a. test, see
Widal's test.

agglutinative (ag-lu' -tin-a-tiv) [see agglutination],
1. Favoring agglutination; adhesive. 2. Any sub-
stance with adhesive properties, fitted to retain the
edges of wounds in apposition. 3. A remedy pro-
moting the repair of wounds by favoring nutrition.

agglutinin (ag-lu' -tin-in) [see agglutination]. A
specific principle occurring in the blood-serum of an
animal affected with a disease of microbic origin and
capable of causing the clumping of the bacteria
peculiar to that disease, as exemplified in the Widal
reaction.

agglutinogen (ag-lu-tin'-o-jen). A substance which
when introduced into the body is capable of causing
the formation of an agglutinin.

agglutinoid (ag-lu' -tin-oid) . An agglutinin with
the xy mo toxic group deficient or absent.

agglutinophore (ag-glu-tin'-o-for). Same as zymo-
phore, q. v.

agglutitio (ag-lu-tish'-e-o) [ad, against; glutire, to
swallow]. Difficult deglutition; an obstruction to
swallowing.

agglutogen (ag-lu' -to- j en). See agglutinogen.

agglutogenic (ag-lu-to-jen'-ik) [agglutinin; gener-
are, to produce]. Relating to substances from which
agglutinins originate.

agglutometer (ag-lu-tom' -et-er) . An apparatus
used in performing the agglutination or Widal test.

aggregate (ag' -re-gat) [ad, to; gregare, to collect
into a flock]. Grouped into a mass. a. glands,
Peyer's patches.

aggregation (ag-re-ga'-shun) [ad, to; gregare, to
collect- into a flock]. 1. The massing of materials
together. 2. A congeries or collection of bodies,
mostly of such as are similar to each other.

aggressin (ag-res'-in) [aggressio, an attack]. A
substance produced in the body by bacteria, having
the property of weakening the normal protective
substances of the body. By some it is held that this
substance increases the virulence of the bacteria.

aggressinogen (ag-res-in'-o-jen). An antigen
which gives rise to aggressins.

aggressivity (ag-res-iv'-it-e). The degree of ac-
tivity displayed by an invading microorganism
against the protective forces of the host.

agitation (aj-it-a'-shun) [agitare, to excite, arouse].
1. Fatiguing restlessness with violent motion; mental
disturbance. 2. A stirring or shaking, as in phar-
macy.

agitator (aj-it-a'-tor) [agitare, to excite]. Any
apparatus for stirring or shaking substances; a glass
rod used for stirring.

aglandular (ah-glan' -du-lar) [a, priv.; glandula, a
gland]. Having no glands; without glands.

aglaukopsia (ag-law-kop'-se-ah) [a, priv.; y\avK6s,
green; 6\pt.s, vision]. Green-blindness.

aglia (ag'-le-ah) [L.]. A speck or spot upon the
cornea or on the white of the eye.

aglobulia (ah-glo-bu'-le-ah) [a, priv.; globulus, a
globule]. A decrease in the quantity of red blood-
corpuscles.

AGLOBULISM

31

AGURIX

aglobulism (ah-glob'-u-lizm) [a, priv.; globulus, a
globule]. Aglobulia; oligocythemia.

aglossia (ah-glos'-e-ah) [a, priv.; yXaxraa, the
tongue], i. Absence of the tongue. 2. Dumbness;
senile impairment of speech.

aglossostomia (ah-glos-o-slo'-me-ah) [a, priv.;
yXcbaaa, the tongue; a-ropa, mouth]. The condition
of a mouth without a tongue.

aglossus (ah-glos'-us) [see aglossia]. A person
without a tongue.

aglutition (ah-glu-tish'-un) [d, priv.; glutire. to
swallow]. Difficulty in swallowing; inability to
swallow.

agmatoiogy (ag-mat-ol'-o-je) [aynos, a fracture;
X6-, os, a discourse]. The science or study of fractures.

agminate, agminated (ag'-min-at, ag' -min-a-ted)
[agmen, a multitude]. Aggregated; clustered, a.
glands, see gland, Peyer's.

agnail (ag'-nal). 1. Hangnail. 2. A whitlow.
3. A corn.

agnathia ( ah-gna' -the-ah) [d, priv.; yvaOos, a jaw].
Absence or defective development of the jaws.

agnathus {ag'-na-thus) [&, priv.; yvados, a jaw].
A monster with no lower jaw.

agnea, or agncea (ag-ne'-ah) [ayvoia, want of per-
ception]. A condition in which the patient does not
recognize things or persons.

Agnew's splint (ag'-nii) [David Hayes Agnew,
American surgeon, 1818-1802]. For hip-joint disease;
a long splint with a perineal band (fitted closely
against the tuber ischii) and a foot-piece; used after
the disappearance of acute symptoms and designed
to support the weight of the trunk.

agnin (ag'-nin) [agnus, a lamb]. A fatty sub-
stance derived from sheep's wool.

agnina membrana {ag-ni'-nah mem-bra' -naK) [L.].
"The lamb-like, or woolly, membrane," — the am-
mion.

agnolin (ag'-no-lin). Purified wool fat; adeps
lame.

agnosia (ah-gno'-se-ah) [a, priv.; yvwais, a recog-
nizing]. Loss of the perceptive faculty which gives
recognition of persons and things.

-agoga, -agogue [0705765, one who leads]. A suffix,
denoting agents that drive out other substances, as
emmenagqgues, lithagogues, etc.

agomphiasis (ah-gom-fi'-as-is) [&, priv.; yon<j>ios, a
tooth]. Same as agomphosis.

agomphious (ah-gom'-fe-us) [a, priv.; yofupios, a
tooth]. Without teeth.

agomphosis (ah-gom-fo'-sis) [see agomphious].
1. Absence of the teeth. 2. A loosening of the
teeth.

agonal (ag'-on-al) [aywvla, a struggle]. Struggling;
relating to the death-struggle.

agonia (ag-o' -ne-ah) [ayoivia, a contest or struggle].
1. Distress of mind; extreme anguish. 2. The
death struggle. [ayovos, barren]. Barrenness; ster-
ility; impotence, a. bark, see agoriada.

agoniadin (ag-on-i' -ad-in), C10H14O6. A glucoside
found in Agonia bark, and used as an antiperiodic.

agonous (ag'-o-nus) [ayovos, unfruitful]. Barren;
impotent.

agony (ag'-o-ne) [see agonal]. Violent pain; ex-
treme anguish; the death-struggle.

agopyrine (ag-o-pi'-rin). An influenza remedy
said to contain salicin, 4 gr. ; ammonium chloride
I gr. ; cinchonine sulphate, i gr.

agoraphobia (ag-o-ra-fo'-be-ah) [ay opa, a market-
place, assembly; <£6/3os, fear]. A morbid fear of
open places or spaces.

agoriadin (ag-o-ri' -ad-in) [Sp.l. C10H14O6. A glu-
coside, probably the active principle of agoriada.

Agostini's reaction for glucose. To 5 drops of
the urine add 5 drops of 0.5 % solution of gold
chloride and 3 drops of 20 % potash solution, and
heat gently. In the presence of glucose a red color
will be produced.

-agra (aypa, a seizure]. A Greek word added as a
suffix to various roots to denote seizure, severe pain;
as podagra, etc.

agraffe (ag-raf) [Fr. agrafe, a hook, clasp]. An
instrument to keep the edges of a wound together.

agrammatism (ah-gram'-at-izm) [a, priv.; ypapiia, a
word]. A phenomenon of aphasia, consisting in the
inability to form words grammatically, or the sup-
pression of certain words of a phrase; a form of
aphasia.

agraphia (ah-graf'-e-ah) [a, priv.; ypa<peiv, to write].
Inability to express ideas by writing, a., absolute,

a variety in which no letters can be formed. Syn.,
literal agraphia, a., acoustic, loss of capacity to
write from dictation, a. amnemonica, a form in
which letters can be written, but without conveying
any meaning, a. atactica, that form in which letters
cannot be formed from lack of muscular coordination,
a., literal, a. literalis, see a., absolute, a., motor,
inability to recall the movements of the hand neces-
sary in writing, a., musical, pathological loss of the
ability to write musical notes, a., optic, inability
to copy writing, but ability to write from dictation.
a., verbal, a variety in which a number of words
without meaning can be written. Cf. paragraphia.

agrapbic (ah-graf'-ik) [see agraphia]. Affected
with or pertaining to agraphia.

agremia (ag-re'-me-ah) [aypa, seizure; atfj.a, blood].
The condition of the blood in gout; the gouty dia-
thesis.

agria (ag'-re-ah) [aypios, wild]. A pustular erup-
tion; malignant pustule; herpes.

agridinium (ag-rid-in'-e-um). A dye-stuff used
with arsenophenylglycin, for its trypanocidal
properties.

agrielcosis (ag-re-el-ko'-sis) [aypios, wild; IXkojo-is,
ulceration]. A malignant or uncontrollable ulcera-
tion.

agrimony {ag' -rim-o-ne) [d7p6s, a field; fiovos,
alone]. The root of Agrimonia eupatoria, a mild
astringent. Dose of fluidextract \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

agriopsoria (ag-re-op-so'-re-ah) [aypios, wild; l/'wpa,
itch]. An incurable or severe attack, or variety,
of itch.

agriothymia (ag-re-o-thi'-me-ah) [aypios, wild;
dvfids, mind; will]. Maniacal fury.

agrippa (ag-rip'-ah) [L.]. One born with the feet
foremost.

agromania (ag-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [d7pds, a field; navla,
madness]. A mania for living in the country.

agron [East Indian]. A disease which occurs in
India, marked by roughening of the tongue, with
fissures.

agrypnetic (ah-grip-net'-ik) [a, priv.; virvos, sleep].
1. Sleepless; wakeful. 2. Preventing sleep; agryp-
notic.

agrypnia (ah-grip'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; virvos, sleep].
Loss of sleep; insomnia.

agrypnocoma (ah-grip-no-kor-mah) [aypvirvos, sleep-
less; K&na, coma]. Coma vigil; wakeful lethargy,
with low-muttering delirium.

agrypnotic {ah-grip-not'-ik) [d, priv.; virvos, sleep].
1. Preventing sleep; causing wakefulness. 2. A
medicine that prevents sleep.

aguamiel (ah-goo-ah-me-el') [Sp.]. The sap of the
pulque magueys, Agave atrovirens, and A. Mexicana.
From it is made the fermented drink pulque. It is
said to have diuretic, laxative, galactagogue, and
nutrient properties.

ague (a'-gii) [acutus, sharp; acute; Fr., aigu],
1. Malarial or intermittent fever; characterized by
paroxysms consisting of chill, fever, and sweating,
at regularly recurring times, and followed by an
interval or intermission the length of which deter-
mines the epithets quotidian, tertian, etc. In some
cases there is a double paroxysm, and hence these
are called double quotidian, double tertian, etc.
The duration of each paroxysm varies from 2 to 12
hours. Syn., fever and ague; intermittent fever; pe-
riodic fever; malarial fever ; marsh fever; paludal fever;
miasmatic fever. 2. A chill, a., Aden, see dengue.
a., brass-founders', a disease common among brass-
founders, characterized by symptoms somewhat
resembling an imperfect attack of intermittent fever,
the recurrence of the paroxysms, however, being
irregular. The direct cause is generally thought to
be the inhalation of the fumes of deflagrating zinc
or "spelter." a., brow-, intermittent neuralgia of
the brow, a.-cake, chronic enlargement of the
spleen in diseases of malarial origin, a., catenating,
ague associated with other diseases, a.-drop, see
Fowler's solution, a., dumb, ague without well-
marked chill, and with at most only partial or slight
periodicity. Syn., dead ague; irregular ague; latent
ague; masked ague, a., face, tic douloureux, a.,
partial, ague attended with pain which is limited to
some part or organ, a.-tree, common sassafras.
a.-weed. 1. See Gentiana. 2. Eupatorium perfoli-
atum, or thoroughwort.

aguish (a'-gu-ish). Resembling or relating to
ague; affected with ague.

agurin (ag'-u-rin). A compound of sodium theo-

AH

32

AL

bromate and sodium acetate; it is recommended
as a diuretic in doses of 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.).

Ah. Abbreviation of hypermetropic astigmatism.

Ahlf eld's sign (ahl'-felt) [Johann Friedrich Ahl-
feld, German obstetrician, 1843- ]. Irregular
tetanic contractions affecting localized areas of the
uterus, observed after the third month of pregnancy.

ahypnia (ah-hip'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; virvos, sleep].
Sleeplessness.

ahypnosis (ah-hip-no'-sis) [abirvLa, sleeplessness].
Entire absence of the capacity to sleep, most marked
in insanity.

aichmophobia {ak-mo-fo'-be-ah) [dixjui?. a spear
point; 4>ofieiv, to fear]. An extravagant dread of
sharp or pointed instruments.

aidoio- (a-doi'-o). See edeo-.

aidoiomania (a-doi-o-ma'-ne-ah). See edeomania.

ail (al) [ME., eyle]. 1. To be out of health. 2. A
slight indisposition. 3. Garlic, a., Wetherbee, a
popular name for progressive muscular atrophy,
from the fact that several successive generations of a
Massachusetts family of that name were affected
with the disease.

Ailanthus (a-el-an'-thus). See Ailantus.

ailantus (a-el-an'-tus) [Malacca, ailanto, "tree of
heaven"]. The bark of A. glandulosa, commonly
known as "tree of heaven." Its properties are due
to an oleoresin and a volatile oil. It is a nauseant
and drastic purgative and an excellent anthelmintic
against tape-worm. Dose of fluidextract 10 min.-i dr.
(0.6-4.0 Cc); of tincture 10 min.-2 dr. (0.6-8.0 Cc).

ailing (jZl'-ing). Indisposed; out of health; not
well.

ailment (al'-menf) [ME., eyle]. A disease; sick-
ness; complaint.

ailurophobia (a-lu-ro-fo'-be-ah) [cuhovpos, a cat;
<f>6Pos, fear]._ A morbid fear of cats.

ainhum (in'-hoom) [negro word, meaning to saw].
A disease of Guinea and Hindustan, peculiar to
negroes, in which the little toes are slowly and spon-
taneously amputated at about the digitoplantar fold.
The process is very slow, is unaccompanied by any
constitutional symptoms, and its cause is unknown.
It sometimes attacks the great toe.

aiodine (ah-i'-o-diri). A preparation of the
thyroid gland and tannin. It is a tasteless powder,
of which each gram is said to represent 10 Gm. of
the fresh glands and to contain 0.4 % of iodine. It is
used in myxedema.

air [&rip, the lower, dense air as distinguished from
alB-hp, the upper and purer air]. The atmosphere.
Atmospheric air consists of a mixture of 77 parts
by weight, or 79.19 by volume, of nitrogen, and 23
parts by weight, or 20.81 by volume, of oxygen,
with 0.03 to 0.06 parts by volume of CO2. It
also contains traces of ammonia, argon, nitrites,
and organic matter. By virtue of its oxygen it is
able to sustain respiration. One hundred cubic
inches weigh 30,935 grains. The pressure of the air
at sea-level is about 14! pounds upon the square inch.
a., alkaline, free or volatile ammonia, a., azotic,
nitrogen, a.-bag, see a.-cushion. a.-bath, thera-
peutic exposure to air, which may be heated, con-
densed, or variously medicated, a.-bed, an air-
tight rubber mattress, inflated with air, employed
in conditions requiring prolonged confinement to bed.
a.-bladder, see a.-vesicles. a.-cell, an air-sac; an
air-vesicle of the lung, a., complemental, the
amount of air that can still be inhaled after an
ordinary inspiration, a. conduction, a method of
testing the hearing-power by means of a watch held
at varying distances from the ear, or by the employ-
ment of a number of tuning-forks of varying pitch.
a.-cure, the therapeutic employment of air. a.-
cushion, a cushion filled with air, and usually made
of soft india-rubber, a., dephlogisticated, an old
name for oxygen, a.-douche, the inflation of the
middle ear through the nose, a.-embolism, the
entrance of free air into the blood-vessels during life.
a., expired, that driven from the lungs in expiration.
a., factitious, carbon dioxide, a., fixed, an old
name for carbon dioxide, a., hepatic, hydrogen
sulphide, a.-hunger, dyspnea on both inspiration
and expiration, a., inspired, that taken into the
lungs on inspiration, a., liquid, air which has been
liquefied by intense pressure; an extreme cold is
produced by its evaporation, a., mephitic, carbon
dioxide, a.-passages, the nares, mouth, larynx,
trachea, and bronchial tubes, a., phlogisticated, an
old name for nitrogen, a.-pump, an apparatus for

exhausting or compressing air. a., reserve, a., sup-
plemental, the air that can still be exhaled after an
ordinary expiration, a., residual, that remaining
in the lungs after the most complete expiration
possible, a.-sac, see a.-vesicles. a., solid, of Hales,
carbon dioxide; so called because of its property of
forming solid carbonates with metallic oxides,
a.-space, a space in tissues filled with air or other
gases, a., stationary, that remaining in the lungs
during normal respiration, a., supplemental, see
a., reserve, a.-tester, an instrument for testing the
purity of the air. a., tidal, that taken in and given
out at each respiration, a.-trap, a trap to prevent
the escape of sewer gas. a.-vesicles, the alveoli of
the lung, the ultimate division of the air-passages.
a., vital, an old name for oxygen.

air-break wheel, air-breaking wheel. An arrange-
ment by means of which the sparks may be promptly
extinguished when using a no-volt continuous
current to excite a coil; the spark formed at the
contact-brushes when the coil is energized is blown
out instantaneously by the air-blast.

airoform (ar'-o-form). Same as airol.

airogen (ar'-o-jen). See airol.

airol (ar'-ol). Trade name for bismuth iodosub-
gallate. q. v.

akamathesia, akamathesis. See akatamathesia.

akamushi disease (ah-kah-mu'-she) [Jap. aka, red;
mushi, bug, or insect]. Japanese river fever.

akanthesthesia (a-kan-thes-the'-ze-ah) [aicavda, a
thorn; aladrjais, sensation]. A form of paresthesia or
perverted sensation in which there is a feeling as of a
sharp point.

akanthion (a-kan'-the-on). See acanthion.

akaralgia (ak-ar-al'-je-ah). A proprietary "head-
ache cure." It contains sodium salicylate, sodium
sulphate, magnesium sulphate, lithium benzoate,
and nux vomica.

akarkine (ak-ar'-kin). Trade name for arsenic
albuminate; it is used as a cancer cure.

akatamah (ak-ah-tah'-mah). The native West
Central African name for an endemic peripheral
neuritis of obscure origin marked by numbness and
intense prickling and burning in the presence of cold
or damp.

akatamathesia (ah-kat-am-ath-e'-ze-ah) [&, priv.;
Karap.aBri<Tis, understanding]. Inability to understand.

akathisia (ah-kath-e'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; Kadlfav, to be
seated]. A name given by Lad Haskovec to a form
of rhythmic chorea in which the patient is unable
to remain seated; the affection resembles astasia-
abasia.

akidopeirastic (ak-id-o-pi-ras'-tik) [6/07, &kLs, needle;
Tretpao-Ti/cos, proving]. Relating to the exploratory
puncture of a diseased area by means of a stout
needle.

akidopeirastica (ak-id-o-pi-ras'-tik-ah) [axis, a
point; ireipafiiv, to make a trial of]. Exploratory
incision or puncture.

akinesia, akinesis {ah-kin-e'-se-ah, ah-kin-e' -sis)
[A, priv.; Klv-qcns, motion]. Lack of or imperfect
motion; motor paralysis, a. algera, an affection
characterized by abstinence from voluntary move-
ment on account of pain, which any active muscular
effort causes. The condition is probably a form of
neurasthenia, a., crossed, a motor paralysis on the
side opposite that in which the lesion exists, a.,
reflex, impairment or loss of reflex action.

akinesis, cerebral, that in which the lesion is in
the cerebrum, a. iridis, rigidity or immobility of
the iris, a., spinal, motor impairment due to a
lesion of the cord.

akinetic (ah-ki-net'-ik) [akinesia]. I. Relating to
or affected with akinesia. 2. An agent lessening
muscular action.

akoulalion {ah-koo-la'-le-on) [&kov€lv, to hear; XAXos,
speech]. A mechanical contrivance to aid defective
audition, used in training the deaf and dumb to
speak.

akouphone (ah'-koo-fori) [iucoveiv, to hear; <f>o>vri,
sound], A mechanism to aid defective hearing.

akromegaly, akromegalia (ak-ro-meg'-a-le, ak-ro-
me-ga'-le-ah) [anpov, extremity; p,eya\t], large]. A
disease characterized by an overgrowth of the
extremities and of the face, including the bony as
well as the soft parts. The etiology is unknown.
In a number of cases the pituitary body has been
enlarged; disease of the thyroid gland has also been
found in some instances.

Al. Chemical symbol of aluminum.

AL

33

ALBUM

al. i. The Arabic definite article the, prefixed to
many words to designate preeminence, etc., as alkali,
alcohol. 2. A chemical suffix denoting similarity to
or derivation from an aldehyde, as chloraZ, butyraJ,
etc.

ala (a'-lah) [L., "a wing": pi., alee], i. A wing.
2. Any wing-like process. 3- The arm .or shoulder;
in animals, the shoulder-blade, a. alba lateralis,
the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve, a. alba
medialis, the hypoglossal nucleus, a. auris, the
pinna of the ear. a. cinerea, a triangular space
of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the brain,
probably giving origin to the pneumogastric nerves.
a. descendens, the pterygoid process of the sphenoid
bone. a. ethmoidalis, the alar process of the eth-
moid, alse laterales. i. The great wings of the
sphenoid bone. 2. Wing-like processes on each
side of the nasal spine of the frontal bone. a. lob'uli
antra'lis, the lateral part of the median cerebellar
lobe. a. mag'na, the great wing of the sphenoid.
a. par'va, the small wing of the sphenoid, a. pon'tis,
the posterior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle.
alae majores. i. The greater wings of the sphenoid.
2. The external labia pudendi. alae minores.

1. The lesser wings of the sphenoid. 2. The labia
minora pudendi. a. nasi, the lateral cartilage of
the nose, alae parvae, the lesser wings of the sphenoid.
alae pulmonum, the lobes of the lung, a., of sacrum,
the flat, triangular surface of bone extending out-
ward from the base of the sacrum, supporting the
psoas magnus muscle, a. uvulae, a medullary layer
running from the posterior part of the uvula of the
cerebellum to the amygdala?, a. vespertilionis, the
broad ligament of the uterus, alae vulvae, the labia
of the pudendum.

alabaster (al-a-bas'-ter). i. Hydrous calcium sul-
phate. 2. Calcium carbonate.

alabastrine (al-a-bas'-tren). i. Relating to or
resembling alabaster. 2. Naphthalene.

alalia (al-a'-le-ah) [d, priv.; XaXtd, talk], i. Im-
pairment of articulation from paralysis of the muscles
of speech or from local laryngeal disease. 2. Aphasia
due to a psychic disorder, a., mental, a form
observed in children, which consists in inability to
speak through excessive stammering. Cf. dyslalia,
lalophobia, mogilalia, paralalia, a., relative, same
as a., mental.

alalic (al-a'-lik) [a, priv.; XaXtd, talk]. Charac-
terized by or pertaining to alalia.

alangine, alanginum (al-an'-jin, -um). An alkaloid
obtained from Alangium lamarkii, soluble in alcohol,
in ether, and in chloroform; it is used as a febrifuge
and emetic.

alanin (al'-an-in), C3H7NO2. Lactamic acid.
An organic base obtained by heating aldehyde
ammonia with hydrocyanic acid in the presence of
an excess of HC1. It occurs in aggregated hard
nodules with a sweetish taste. It is soluble in 5
parts of cold water; less soluble in alcohol; insoluble
in ether, a., mercury, mercury amidopropionate.

alant camphor. A camphor from elecampane.
See helenin.

alantic (al-an'-tik) [Ger., alant, elecampane].
Pertaining to or derived from elecampane, a. an-
hydride, C15H20O2, a crystalline substance derived
from the root of elecampane, melting at 66° C.

alantin (al-an'-tin). Same as inulin.

alantol (al-an'-tol), C20H22O. Inulol. An aro-
matic liquid obtained from elecampane; used in the
same manner as creosote in pulmonary tuberculosis.

alar (a'-lar) [ala, a wing]. 1. Wing-like. 2. Re-
lating to the shoulder, or axilla, a. ligaments,
lateral synovial folds of the ligament of the knee-
joint, a. ligaments, odontoid, lateral ligaments of
the odontoid process.

alares [pi. of alaris]. 1. The pterygoid muscles.

2. The wings of the sphenoid.

alaris (al-a'-ris) [ala, a wing]. Wing-shaped.
See alar.

alate (a'-lat) [ala]. Winged.

alatus (al-a'-tus). 1. Winged. 2. An individual
in whom there is a marked backward projection of
the shoulder blades.

alaxa (al-ak'-ser). Trade name of an aperient pre-
paration, the chief constituent of which is cascara
sagrada.

alba (al'-bah) [L., "white"]. The white fibrous
tissue of the brain and nerves, a., reticular, the
reticulated layer of alba on the anterior half of the
uncinate gyrus. Syn., substantia reticularis alba.

albaras, albarras [Ar.]. A skin disease charac-
terized by the formation of white, shining patches.
Syn., white leprosy; baras; barras.

albargin {al-bar'-jin) [album, white; argentum,
silver]. A compound of silver (15 %) and gelatose
(a transformation-product of glue). A yellow
powder, freely soluble in water, used in treatment
of gonorrhea in injections of 0.2 % solution 4 or s
times daily.

albedo (al-be'-do) [L., "whiteness"]. Whiteness.
a. retinae, retinal edema, a. unguis, or unguium,
the lunula of the nail.

albefaction (al-be-fak'-shun) [albus, white; facer e,
to make]. The act or process of blanching or ren-
dering white.

Albert's disease [Eduard Albert, Austrian surgeon,
1841-1900]. Achillodynia; inflammation of the
retrocalcanean bursa, generally secondary to osteitis
of the os calcis.

albescent (al-bes'-ent) [albescere, to become white].
Whitish.

albicans (al'-be-kanz) [albicare, to grow white].
1. One of the corpora albican tia of the brain. 2.
White; whitish.

albicantia {al-be-kan'-she-ah) [L.]. Plural of albi-
cans (1). _

albiduria (al-bid-u'-re-ah) [albidus, white; ovpov,
urine]. White urine. Chyluria.

Albini's nodules (ahl-be'-ne) [Giuseppe Albini,
Italian physiologist, 1830- ]. Small nodules
found on the free edge of the auriculoventricular
valves in some infants.

albinism, albinismus (al'-bin-izm, al-bin-iz' -mus)
[albus, white]. That condition of the skin in which
there is a congenital absence of pigment involving
its entire surface, including the hair and the choroid
coats and irises of the eyes. It is usually associated
with nystagmus, photophobia, and astigmatism.
Syn., alphosis; congenital achroma; congenital leuko-
derma; leukcethiopia; achromatosis ; leukopathia;
albitudo. a., acquired, a. acquisita, see vitiligo, a.,
partial, congenital absence of pigmentation in certain
parts of the skin, appearing in irregular, white,
sharply defined spots. Especially characteristic
are the changes of color in the hair, often observed in
negroes. The hairs are white and grow upon skin
devoid of pigment, or normally colored. Syn.,
poliosis circumscripta.

albino (al-be'-no) [Sp.]. A person affected with
albinism.

albinotic (al-bin-ot'-ik). Affected with albinism.

albinuria (al-bin-u'-re-ah) [albus, white; ovpeov,
urine]. 1. Chyluria; whiteness of the urine. 2.
Albuminuria.

albocinereous (al-bo-sin-e'-re-us) [albus, white;
cinereus, gray]. Having both white and gray
matter.

alboferrin (al-bo-fer'-in). An odorless, light-brown
powder, readily soluble in cold water. It is said to
consist of albumin, 90.14 %; iron, 0.68 %; phos-
phorus, 0.324%; amidonitrogen, 0.13%; and min-
eral substances, 9.5 %. It is indicated in chlorosis,
anemia, etc. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) for children;
45-75 gr. (3-5 Gm.) for adults, a day.

albolene (aV-bo-len) [albus, white; oleum, oil],
A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odorless,
used as an application to inflamed surfaces.

albor (al'-bor) [albus]. 1. A whiteness. 2. Egg-
albumen. 3. [Ar., al bill.] Urine, a. cutis, a.
nativus, albinism, a. ovi, white of egg.

albuginea {al-bu-jin' -e-ah) [albus]. 1. White or
whitish. 2. A layer of white fibrous tissue investing
an organ or part. Syn., tunica albuginea. a. oculi,
the sclerotic coat of the eye. a. ovarii, the tunica
albuginea of the ovary, a. testis, the tunica al-
buginea of the testicle.

albugineotomy {al-bil-jin-e-ot'-o-me) [albuginea;
tout], cutting]. Incision of any tunica albuginea
(q. v.).

albugineous (al-bu-jin'-e-us). 1. Whitish. 2. Be-
longing to a tunica albuginea.

albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i'-tis) [albuginea; wis, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of a tunica albuginea.

albugo (al-bic'-go) [L.]. 1. A white spot, as upon
the cornea. 2. A whitish, scaly eruption. 3. The
white of an egg.

albukalin (al-bu'-kal-in), C8H17N2O6. A substance
found in leukemic blood.

albulactin (al-bu-lak'-tin). See lactalbumin.

album {al'-bum) [albus, white]. A substance

ALBUMEN

34

ALBUMOSURIA

characterized by whiteness, a. candiense, bismuth
subnitrate. a. cards, see a. gr cecum, a. ceti, sper-
maceti, a. graecum, the feces of dogs fed upon
bones, and whitened by exposure. It was formerly
used in medicine, a. hispaniae, . a. hispanicum,
blanc d'Espagne, bismuth subnitrate. a. nigrum,
the feces of rats and mice, formerly used as a diuretic
and purgative, a. ovi, white of egg.

albumen (al-bu' -men) [albus]. The white of an
egg. See albumin.

albumimeter (al-bu-mim' -et-er) [albumin; fikrpov, a
measure]. See albuminimeter .

albumin (al-bu'-min) [albus, white]. A proteid
substance, the chief constituent of the animal tissues.
Its molecule is highly complex. It is soluble in
water and coagulable by heat. It contains the
following elements: Carbon, 51.5 to 54-5; hydrogen,
6.9 to 7-3; nitrogen, 15.2 to 17.0; oxygen, 20.9 to
23.5; sulphur, 0.3 to 2.0. Albumen, white of egg,
often called albumin, is largely composed of it.
Other varieties are called after their sources or char-
acteristic reactions, as acid-albumin, alkali-albumin,
muscle-albumin, serum-albumin, ovum-albumin, veg-
etable-albumin, etc. Syn., coagulable animal lymph;
coagulable lymph of the serum. See Axenfeld, Barral,
Boedeker, Cohen, Furbringer, Heller, Heynsius,
Hindenlang, Johnson, MacWilliam, Mehu, Millon,
Oliver, Oxyphenylsulphonic Acid, Parnum, Raabe,
Rees, Roberts, Spiegler, Tanret, Zouchlos. a., acid,
that changed by the action of acid, a., blood-, see
serum-albumin, a., caseiform, that variety not
coagulated by heat, but precipitated by acids.
a., circulating, that found in the fluids of the body.
a., derived, a modification of albumin resulting from
the action of certain chemicals upon native albumin.
a., egg, albumin of which white of egg is the type.
a., floating, same as a., circulating, a., imperfect,
one which fails to give all the ordinary reactions.
a., lacto-, see lactalbumin. a., milk, see eiweiss milch.
a., muscle-, a variety found n muscle-juice, a.,
native, any albumin occurring normally in the tissues.
a., organic, that forming an integral part of the
tissue, a., serum-, see serum-albumin, a., vege-
table, that found in various vegetable juices.

albuminate (al-bu' -min-at). A compound of
albumin and certain bases, as albuminate of iron.

albuminaturia (al-bu-min-at-u'-re-ah) [albuminate;
ovpov, urine]. The abnormal presence of albuminates
in the urine.

albuminid (al-bu' -min-id). Acidalbumin; syntonin.

albuminiferous (al-bu-min-if -er-us) [albumin; f err e,
to bear]. Yielding albumin.

albuminimeter (al-bu-min-im' -et-er) [albumin;
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for the quanti-
tative estimation of albumin in urine.

albuminimetry (al-bu-min-im' -et-re). The quanti-
tative estimation of the albumin in a liquid.

albuminiparous (al-bu-min-ip'-ar-us) [albumin;
parere, to produce]. Yielding albumin.

albuminofibrin (al-bu' -min-o-fi' -brin) . A compound
of albumin and fibrin.

albuminogenous (al-bu-min-oj'-en-us) [albumin;
yewav, to produce]. _ Producing albumin.

albuminoid (al-bu' -min-oid) [albumin; elSos, like-
ness]. 1. Resembling albumin. Applied to certain
compounds having many of the characteristics of
albumin. 2. Any nitrogenous principle of the
class of which normal albumin may be regarded as
the type. a. degeneration, or disease, see amyloid
degeneration.

albuminolysin (al-bu-min-oV -is-in) . A lysin which
causes destruction of albumins.

albuminometer (al-bu-min-om' -et-er). See albu-
minimeter.

albuminometry. See albuminimetry.

albuminone (al-bu' -min-on) [albumin]. A prin-
ciple derived from certain albuminoids; it is soluble
in alcohol and is not coagulable by heat.

albuminorrhea (al-bu-min-or-e' -ah) [albumin; pola,
a flow]. _ Excessive discharge of albumins.

albuminose (al-bu'-min- os) [albumin]. 1. A product
of the digestion of fibrin or of any albuminoid in
very dilute hydrochloric acid; acidalbumin. 2. Al-
bumose, or one of the products of the digestion of
albumin by the gastric juice.

albuminosis (al-bu-min-o' -sis) [albumin]. Abnor-
mal increase of the albuminous elements in the blood,
or the condition that results from such increase.

albuminous (al-bu' -min-us) [albumin]. Containing,
or of the nature of, albumin.

albuminuria (al-bu-min-u'-re-ah) [albumin; ovpov,
urine]. The presence in the urine of albumin, usually
serum-albumin. Albumin in the urine may result
from disease of the kidneys or from the admixture
of blood or pus with the urine. Its presence is some-
times not accounted for by either of these causes.
See a., cyclic, a. acetonica, albuminuria due to
asphyxia. Syn., anoxemic albuminuria, a. of adoles-
cence, see a., cyclic, a., adventitious, see a., pseudo-.
a., cardiac, that due to chronic valvular disease.
a., cicatricial, a form in which epithelial desquama-
tion is assumed to be replaced by tissue incapable
of restraining the transudation of albumin from the
blood, a., colliquative, that due to great disassim-
ilation of the blood-corpuscles or adipose tissue.
a., consumptive, see a., colliquative, a., cyclic, a
condition, also known as physiological, simple, func-
tional, or transient albuminuria, or the albuminuria
of adolescence, in which a small quantity of albu-
min appears in the urine, especially of the young,
at stated times of the day; hence the term, "cyclic."
a., dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain
forms of food., a., dystrophic, that dependent upon
imperfect formation of the blood-corpuscles, a.,
emulsion, that in which the urine has a milky tur-
bidity due to minute corpuscular elements, a.,
exudative, Gubler's name for albuminuria partially
due to the filtration of albumin through the mem-
branes of the kidney and also to the presence in the
urine of products of inflammation, as in cases of
nephritis, a., false, a mixture of albumin with the
urine during its transit through the urinary passages,
where it may be derived from blood, pus, or special
secretions that contain albumin, a., febrile, that
due to fever, or associated with acute infectious
diseases, slight changes occurring in the glomerules
without organic lesion, a., functional, see a., cyclic.
a., globular, that due to destruction of blood-cor-
puscles or dependent upon the presence of blood in
the urine, a., gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly
persons, who secrete a rather dense urine containing
an excess of urea, a., intrinsic, see a., true, a.,
mixed, the presence of a true with a pseudo-albu-
minuria. a., nephrogenous, that due to renal
disease, a., orthostatic, a form dependent upon an
upright posture, a., paroxysmal, same as a., cyclic.
a., partial, a form in which it is assumed that only
certain tubules are affected. Syn., albuminuria
parcellaire. a., physiological, the presence of albumin
in normal urine, without appreciable coexisting
renal lesion or diseased condition of the system.
a., pretuberculous, a condition observed in young
persons as a premonitory stage of tuberculosis,
believed to be due to the congestive action of the
tuberculous virus upon the renal structure, a.:
pseudo-, albuminuria dependent upon the presence
of such fluids as blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid,
or the "contents of an abscess cavity, in the urine.
Syn., adventitious albuminuria, a., residual, a form
in which a small amount of albumin may persist
following an attack of nephritis, a., true, that due
to the excretion of a portion of the albuminous
constituents of the blood with the water and salts of
the urine. Syn., intrinsic albuminuria.

albuminuretic (al-bii-min-u-ret'-ik). 1. Causing
albuminuria. 2. A drug which causes albuminuria.

albuminuric (al-bil-min-u'-rik) [see -albuminuria].
Associated with, of the nature of, or affected by,
albuminuria.

albumoid (al'-bu-moid). A protein found in
cartilage and in the crystalline lens; it is but slightly
soluble in acid and alkaline solutions, and insoluble
in neutral solutions.

albumone (al-bu'-mon). A protein found in the
blood; it cannot be coagulated by heat.

albumoscope (al-bu' -mo-skop) [albumin; o-Ko-n-elv, to
examine]. An appliance for determining the presence
and amount of albumin in urine.

albumose (al'-bu-m6s) [albumin]. Any albu-
minoid substance ranking among the first products
of the splitting-up of proteins by enzyms, and
intermediate between the food-albumins and the
typical peptones. According to Kuhne, there are at
least two albumoses, antialbumose and hemialbumose.
Hemialbumose yields the following: Protalbumose,
deuteroalbumose, heteroalbumose, and dysalbumose.

albumosuria (al-bu-mos-u' -re-ah) [albumose; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of albumose in the urine.
a., Bence- Jones', see a., myelopathic, a., myelo-
pathic, a condition marked by persistent occurrence

ALBURNUM

35

ALDOR'S METHOD

of albumose in the urine, accompanied by softening
of the bones, owing to sarcomatous disease.

alburnum (al-ber'-num) [L., "sap-wood"]. In bi-
ology, young wood, sap-wood.

albus (al'-bus) [L.]. White.

alcali (al'-ka-li). See alkali.

alcaptonuria (al-kap-ton-u'-re-ah). See alkapto-
nuria.

alcarnose (al-kar'-noz). A nutrient preparation
containing maltose combined with albumoses.

alchemy (al'-kem-e) [At., of doubtful derivation].
The supposed art of the transmutation of metals
(into gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases.

Alcock's canal [Thomas Alcock, English anatomist,
1784-1833]. A canal formed by the separation of
the layers of the obturator fascia for the transmission
of the pudic nerve and vessels.

alcogel (al'-ko-jel). A jelly-like combination of
alcohol and silicic acid.

alcohol (al'-ko-hol) [Ar., al-koh'l, the fine powder
for staining eyelids]. 1. Any compound of an
organic hydrocarbon radical with hydroxyl. Alco-
hols are classed as monacid (monatomic), diacid
(diatomic), and triacid (triatomic), according to the
number of hydroxyl radicals present in the molecules.
2. Ethyl-alcohol, C2H5OH: A liquid obtained by
the distillation of fermented grain or starchy sub-
stance. It is inflammable, colorless, and possesses a
pungent odor and burning taste. Internally, it is a
cerebral excitant and cardiac stimulant; in large
doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing mus-
cular incoordination, delirium, and coma. It exists
in wine, whisky, brandy, beer, etc., and gives to them
their stimulant properties. Commercial alcohol
contains 92.3 % of absolute alcohol with 7.7 % of
water. It is valuable as a cardiac stimulant in acute
failure of the heart's action and in adynamic con-
ditions, a., absolute (alcohol absolutum, U. S. P.),
ethyl-alcohol deprived of water, a., benzyl, CtHsO,
obtained from benzaldehyde by the action of sodium
amalgam, a., caustic, sodium ethylate. a., chlor-
ethyl, C2H5OCI, a substitution-product of ethyl-
alcohol in which one atom of hydrogen is replaced
by one atom of chlorine, a., cinnamic, a., cin-
namyl, a., cinnamylic, C9H10O, yellowish needles or
crystalline masses obtained from the distillation of
styracin. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, water,
glycerol, and benzine; melts at 30°-33° C; boils at
2500 C. It is antiseptic and is a deodorizer in a 12.5%
glycerol solution. Syn., styrilic alcohol; crystallized
styrone. a., denatured, alcohol into which some
other substance has been introduced, rendering it
unfit for drinking but still useful for other purposes.
a. deodoratum, ethyl-alcohol from which odorous
and coloring-matters have been removed by filtration
through charcoal, a., dilute (alcohol dilutum, U.
S. P.) contains 41.5 %, by weight, of alcohol, a.,
ethyl-, see alcohol (2). a., fatty, one obtained from a
hydrocarbon of the fatty series, a., iso-, an alcohol
derived from a hydrocarbon containing carbon atoms
which unite directly with more than two other carbon
atoms, a., methyl-, CH4O, commonly known as
"wood spirit." a., phenic, same as phenol, a.,
primary, a., secondary, a., tertiary, an alcohol pro-
duced by the replacement of 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen
atoms in carbinol by alkyls. a., unsaturated, that
derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same
manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from
their hydrocarbons. In addition to the general
character of alcohols, they are also capable of directly
binding two additional affinities, a., wood-, see
a., methyl-.

alcoholase (al'-ko-hol-as). A ferment which con-
verts lactic acid into alcohol.

alcoholate (al'-ko-hol-at). 1. A chemical com-
pound, as a salt, into which an alcohol enters as a
definite constituent. 2. A preparation made with
alcohol.

alcoholature (al-ko-hoV -at-chur) [Fr., alcoolature].
An alcoholic tincture.

alcoholic (al-ko-hol'-ik) [Arabic: al, the; koh'l,
finely powdered antimony]. 1. Pertaining to, con-
taining, or producing alcohol. 2. One addicted to
the use of spirituous drinks, a. radicals, the name
applied to the univalent hydrocarbon radicals which
unite with OH to form alcohols.

alcoholica (al-ko-hoV -ik-ah) . In pharmacy, alco-
holic preparations.

alcoholimeter (al-ko-hol-im' -et-er) . See alcoholom-
eter.

alcoholism (aV -ko-hol-izm) . The morbid results of
excessive or prolonged use of alcoholic liquors. The
term acute alcoholism has been used as a synonym
for inebriety. The chronic form is associated with se-
vere disturbances of the digestive and nervous systems.

alcoholist (al-ko-hol'-ist). An individual affected
with alcoholism.

alcoholization (al-ko-hol-iz-a' -shun) . The art or
process of alcoholizing; the state of being alcoholized;
the product of the process of alcoholizing.

alcoholize (al'-ko-hol-tz). _ 1. To impregnate with
alcohol. 2. To convert into an alcohol. 3. To
reduce to a very subtle powder.

alcoholomania (al-ko-hol-o-ma' -ne-ah) . Morbid
craving for intoxicating beverages.

alcoholometer (al-ko-hol-om' -et-er) [alcohol; ukrpov,
a measure]. A hydrometer or other instrument
used in determining the percentage of alcohol in
any liquid.

alcoholometry (al-ko-hol-om' -et-re) [alcohol; ukrpov,
a measure]. The determination 'of the proportion of
alcohol present in any liquid.

alcoholophilia (al-ko-hol-o-fiV -e-ah) [alcohol; 4>iXeZv,
to love]. The appetite for strong drink; a craving
for intoxicants.

alcolene (aV -ko-len) . A mixture of ethyl and
methyl alcohols.

alcometrical (al-ko-met' -rik-al) , Relating to the
estimation of the amount of alcohol in a liquid.

aldehydase (al-de-hi'-das). An oxydase, capable
of oxidizing certain aldehydes to the corresponding
acids.

aldehyde (al'-de-hid) [al, the first syllable of
alcohol; dehyde, from dehydrogenatum]. 1. A class
of compounds intermediate between alcohols and
acids, derived from their corresponding primary
alcohols by the oxidation and removal of 2 atoms of
hydrogen, and converted into acids by the addition
of an atom of oxygen. They contain the group
COH. 2. C2H4O. Alcohol deprived of 2 atoms of
hydrogen, or acetic aldehyde. It is a colorless, limpid
liquid with a characteristic odor, a.-alcoholate,
C4H10O2, an addition compound of acetic acid and
ethyl-alcohol, a.-ammonia, C2H4ONH3, obtained
from aldehyde by action of dry ammonia; soluble
in water, slightly soluble in ether. Syn., ammoniated
ethylic aldehyde; acetylammonium ; ammonium alde-
hydate; ethidene hydramine. a., anisic, C8H8O2,
results on oxidizing various essential oils (anise,
fennel, etc.) with dilute HNO3. a., aromatic, an
aldehyde obtained as an oxidation-product of a
primary aromatic alcohol and in turn giving rise by
oxidation to a monobasic aromatic acid, a., benzoic,
C7H6O, the oil of bitter almonds. Syn., benzalde-
hyde. a. characteristic, the univalent radical,
C(H)=0, common to the aldehydes, a., cinnamic,
CgHsO, the chief ingredient of_ the essential oil of
cinnamon and cassia, a., collidin, a., collinic, an
oxidation-product of albuminoids and gelatin; a
colorless, viscid oil with odor like oil of cinnamon.
a., formic, CH2O or HCHO is microbicidal and anti-
septic. Syn., formaldehyde, a., glycolyl, CH2(OH) .-
CHO, an oxidation-product of tartaric acid when di-
gested with water at 50°-6o° C. a., isobutylic, a.,
isobutyryl, C4H8O, a transparent, colorless, highly
refractive, pungent liquid; sp. gr., 0.797 at 150 C;
soluble in alcohol; boils at 6i° C. a., isovaleral, a.,
isovaleric, C5H10O, a pungent, oily liquid, with an
odor of apples, obtained from oxidation of amyl-
alcohol; sp. gr., 0.804 at 150 C; miscible in alcohol
and ether; boils at 92. 5° C. a., pyroracemic, CH3 .-
CO . CHO, a yellow volatile oil obtained by boiling
isonitrosoacetone with dilute sulphuric acid. Syn.,
acetylformyl; methylglyoxal ; propanalon. a., thio-,
an aldehyde in which the oxygen in the aldehyde
characteristic is replaced by sulphur, a., toluic,
a., toluylic, CsHsO, a substance occurring in 3 iso-
meric forms, all of which are liquids.

alder (al'-der). See alnus.

aldin (al'-din) [see aldehyds]. An amorphous
basic chemical substance, formed from an ammonia
compound of aldehyde. Several aldins are known.

aldol (al'-dol) [see aldehyde], C4H8O2. A colorless,
odorless liquid, obtained by the action of dilute
HO on crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde. It is
miscible with water, and at o° has a sp. gr. of 1.120;
upon standing, it changes to a sticky mass that can-
not be poured.

y. Aldor's method of testing for proteose in
urine. Use 10 Cc. of urine; acidify with hydro-

ALDOSES

36

ALGOR

chloric acid, and add phosphotungstic acid until no
more precipitate occurs. Centrifugate the solution;
wash the precipitate with absolute alcohol until the
latter is free from color. Dissolve the precipitate in
water to which^is added a little potassium hydroxide.
If the solution turns blue, heat gently until colorless.
When cool apply the biuret test; if positive, proteoses
are present.

aldoses (al'-do-sez) [see aldehyde]. Carbohydrates
which contain the aldehyde group, CHO. The
aldehyde alcohols, containing the atomic group
CH(OH) . CHO.

aldoxim, or aldoxime (al-doks'-im) [see aldehyde}.
Products derived from aldehydes by the substitution
of the oxim group N . OH for oxygen.

ale (al) IAS., ealu]. An alcoholic beverage brewed
from malt and hops. It contains from 3 to 7 % of
alcohol.

alecrthal (ah-les'-ith-al) [a, priv.; XeicLdos, yolk].
A term applied to certain ova having the food-
yolk absent, or present only in very small quantity.

alegar (a'-le-gar). Vinegar made of ale.

aleipsis (al-lp'-sis) [aXeupis, an anointing]. Steato-
sis; fatty degeneration.

alembic (al-em'-bik) [Ar., al, the; a/*/3i£, a cup].
A vessel used for distillation.

alembroth (al-em' -broth) [origin unknown]. An
old name for a compound of the chlorides of am-
monium and mercury. Its solution has been used
as an antiseptic.

Aleppo "boil, A. button, A. evil, A. pustule, A. ulcer.
See furunculus orientalis.

alepton P (al-ep' -ton) . Colloidal ferromanganese
peptonate.

alepton S. Colloidal ferromanganese saccharate.

aletocyte (al-e'-to-sit) [dX^rijs, wanderer; kvtIs, a
small box, a cell]. A wandering cell.

aletrin (al'-et-rin). See aletris.

aletris (al'-et-ris). Star-grass; unicorn-root; star-
wort; colic root. The root of A. farinosa. It is
tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, and was formerly a
popular domestic remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic
rheumatism. Dose of fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.65-
2.0 Cc); of tincture (1 in 8 proof spirit) 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Cc); of aletrin, the extractive, J-4 gr. (0.016-
0.26 Gm.).

aleudrin (a-lu'-drin). A white crystalline sub-
stance, used as a hypnotic and sedative. It is spar-
ingly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol,
chloroform, ether, and fatty oils.

aleukemia (ah-lu-ke'-me-ah) [d, priv.; Xeu/cos, white;
alua, blood].' Deficiency in the proportion of white
cells in the blood.

aleukocytic (ah-lu-ko-sit'-ik) [a, priv.; leukocyte].
Absence of leucytosis:

aleukocytosis (ah-lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [d, priv.; Xewcos,
white; kvtos, cell]. A diminished or insufficient
formation of leukocytes.

aleurometer (al-u-rom'-et-er) [aleuron; y.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument used for the examination
of crude gluten as to its power of distending under
the influence of heat, as a means of judging of the
value of a flour for bread-making.

aleuron (al-u'-ron) [aXevpov, flour]. 1. Wheat flour.
2. Small, round proteid particles found in seeds.

aleuronat (al-u' -ro-nat) [aleuron], A vegetable
albumin used as a substitute for bread in cases of
diabetes.

aleuroscope (al-u' -ro-skop) . See aleurometer.

Alexander's operation or Alexander-Adams's oper-
ation [William Alexander, English surgeon; James
A. Adams, Scotch surgeon]. A shortening of the
uterine round ligaments through an inguinal incision,
to cure retrodisplacement.

alexanderism (al-eks-an' -der-izm) [Alexander the
Great], The insanity of conquest; agriothymia
ambitiosa.

alexeteric (al-eks-e-ter' -ik) [aXefyrrip, defender].
Good against poison, venom, or infection.

alexeterium (al-eks-e-te'-re-um) [&Xe£riTr)p, a de-
fender]. An external defensive remedy against
poison or infection, as distinguished from alexi-
pharmac, an internal remedy. The plural alexeteria
was formerly used to designate remedies in general,
but applied later to those used against the poisonous
bites of animals.

alexia (ah-leks'-e-ah) [&, priv.; Xe£«, word]. Word-
blindness. A form of aphasia in which the patient
is unable to recognize written or printed characters.
a., cortical, a variety of Wernicke's sensory aphasia

produced by lesions of the left gyrus angularis.
a., motor, inability to read aloud what is written or
printed, although it is comprehended, a., musical,
loss of the ability to read music, a., optic, inability
to comprehend written or printed words, a., sub-
cortical, that due to interruption of the direct con-
nection between the optic center and the gyrus
angularis.

alexin (al-eks'-in) [&Xe£is, help]. 1. A defensive
proteid existing normally in the blood; any phylaxin
or sozin. 2. Any antibacterial substance, found in
the blood of certain animals and giving immunity
to certain toxins. See immunity.

alexipharmac, alexipharmic (al-eks-e-far'-mak,,
-mik) [&Xe!-eiv, to repel; <j>ix.pna.Kov, a poison]. 1. A
medicine neutralizing a poison. 2. Acting as an
internal antidote. See alexiterium.

alexipharmacon (al-eks-e-far'-mak-on) [see alexi-
pharmac]. Any alexipharmic medicine.

alexipyretic (al-eks-e-pi'-ret-ik) [dXe£ew, to ward
off; irvperos, a fever]. 1. A febrifuge. 2. Acting as a
febrifuge. _

alexiterium (al-eks-it-e'-re-um). See alexeterium.

alexocyte (al-eks'-o-sit) [dXe£ew, to ward off; /euros,
a cell]. 1. Hankin's name for an amphophile
leukocyte. 2. A protective cell of the body which
is said to secrete alexins.

aleze (ah-lez) [Fr., ale,ze}. A cloth to protect the
bed from becoming soiled by excreta, etc.

alga (al'-ga) [alga, a seaweed; pi., algce]. A sea-
weed; one of a group of acotyledonous plants living
mostly in the water.

algae (al'-je) [alga, a seaweed]. Plural of alga, q. v.

algaroth (al'-gar-oth) [Victor Algarotus, Veronese
physician]. Oxy chloride of antimony.

algefacient (al-je-fa'-shent) [algor, cold; facer e, to
make], _ Cooling, refrigerant.

algesia (al-je'-ze-ah) [&X70S, pain]^ 1. Pain; suffer-
ing. ' 2. Hyperesthesia as regards the sensation of
pain; also neuralgia.

algesichronometer (al-je-ze-kro-nom'-et-er) [a\yos,
pain; xp°"os, time; nerpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment used to note the lapse of time before a nerve
center responds to a painful stimulus.

algesimeter (al-jes-im'-et-er) [dX7os, pain; ukrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for determining the
acuteness of the sense of pain, a., Bjornstrom's,
one to test the sensibility of the skin, a., Boas', an
instrument consisting of a pad and spring, used to
determine the relative sensitiveness over the epigas-
trium. The normal tolerance is 9 to 10 kilograms;
in cases of gastric ulcer, 1 to 2 kilograms.

algesthesis (al-jes-the'-sis) [6X705, pain; atadt]<ns,
feeling]. The perception of pain; painful disease.

algetic (al-jet'-ik) [ahyelv, to have pain]. Per-
taining to, or producing, pain.

-algia (al'-je-ah) [6X705, pain]. A suffix denoting
pain, as odontalgia, neuralgia, etc.

algid (al'-jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold; chilly.
a. cholera, the cold stage of Asiatic cholera, a.
fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, with great
coldness of the surface of the body. a. state, the
cold stage of a disease.

algidism, algidity (al'-jid-izm, al-jid'-it-e) [see
algid]. A marked sense of coldness; chilliness.
a., progressive, see sclerema neonatorum.

algiomotor (al-je-o-mo'-tor) [6X70$, pain; mover e, to
move]. Causing movements attended with pain.

algiomuscular (al-je-o-mus'-ku-lar) [dX-yos, pain;
musculus, a muscle]. Causing pain in the muscles.

algogenic (al-go-jen'-ik) [&X70S, pain; yewav, to
produce]. 1. Causing neuralgic pain. 2. [algidus,
cold; yewav, to produce.] Lowering the body-
temperature below the normal.

algolagnia (al-go-lag' -ne-ah) [algos; Xayveia, venery].
Sexual perversion in which pain enjoined or endured
plays a part.

algometer (al-gom'-et-er) [algos; fierpov, a measure].
An instrument for testing the sensibility of a part to
pain.

algometry (al-gom'-et-re) [6x70s, pain; fierpov, a
measure]. The testing of pain, a., electric, a com-
parative estimation of the pain produced by an
induced electric current.

algophobia (al-go-fo'-be-ah) [6X705, pain; <£6j8os,
dread]. Unreasonable or morbid dread of pain.

algopsychalia (al-go-si-ka'-le-ah). See psychoal-
galia.

algor (al'-gor) [L.]. A sense of chilliness or cold-
ness.

ALGOS

37

ALKAPTONURIA

algos (al'-gos) [aXyos, pain]. Pain; a painful
disease, or attack.

algoscopy (al-gos'-ko-pe) [algor, cold; o-nowelv, to
see]. Same as cryoscopy.

algospasm (al'-go-spazm) [4X705, pain; awaanos,
spasm]. Painful spasm or cramp.

algospastic, algospasticus (al-go-spast'-ik, -us)
[a\yos, pain; o-irao-Tucos, a pulling]. Resembling or
of the nature of painful cramps.

Alibert's disease (al-e-bdr') [Jean Louis Alibert,
French physician, 1766-1837]. Mycosis fungoides.
A.'s keloid, true keloid.

alible (al'-e-bl) [alibilis, nutritive]. Nutritive; ab-
sorbable and assimilable.

alices (al'-is-ez) [L.]. Red spots preceding the
pustulation in smallpox.

alicyclic (al-i-si'-klik) [aXei^ap, fat; kwcXos, a
circle]. Having the properties of both aliphatic
(open-chain) and cyclic (closed-chain) compounds.

alienatio (al-yen-a'-she-o). See alienation, a.
partis, gangrene.

alienation (al-yen-a'-shun) [alienus, strange]. Men-
tal derangement.

alienism (aV -yen-izm) [alienare, to deprive of
reason]. The study and treatment of mental dis-
orders.

alienist (al'-yen-ist) [see alienation]. One who
treats mental diseases; a specialist in the treatment
of insanity.

aliform (al'-if-orm) [ala, wing; forma, shape].
Wing-shaped, a. process, the wing of the sphenoid.

alima (al-i'-mah) [aXltios, without hunger]. Ali-
mentary substances.

aliment (al'-im-ent) [alimentum, from alimentare,
to nourish]. Nourishment; food, a., accessory, a.,
adjective, a condiment, a., substantive, a food with
nutritive value as distinguished from a condiment.

alimentary (al-im-en'-ta-re) [see aliment]. Nourish-
ing, a. bolus, the food after mastication and just
prior to swallowing, a. canal, a. system, a. tract,
a. tube, the digestive tube, from the lips to the anus,
with its accessory glands, a. duct, the thoracic duct.

alimentation (al-im-en-ta'-shun) [alimentare, to
nourish]. The act of supplying with food. The
process of nourishment, a., artificial. See feeding,
artificial, a., artificial-, forced, see feeding, forced.
a., iodic-, the administration of iodine with the
food, a., rectal, the nourishing of a patient by the
administration of small quantities of concentrated
food through the rectum, a., voluntary-, the nour-
ishment of those who are willing to be fed, but are
incapacitated.

alimentotherapy (al-im-ent-o-ther'-ap-e) . The treat-
ment of disease by systematic feeding.

alinasal (al-i-na'-sal) [ala, a wing; nasus, the
nose]. Pertaining to the ala nasi, or wing of the
nose.

alinjection (al-in-jek'-shun) [alcohol; inicere, to
inject]. A process of preserving anatomical specimens
by repeated injections of alcohol.

aliphatic (al-e-fat'-ik) [aXeufyap, fat]. 1. Pertaining
to a fat. 2. Belonging to the open-chain series of
organic compounds, a. acid, see acid, fatty, a.-
cyclic. See alicyclic.

aliptic (al-ip'-tik). 1. Relating to inunction.
2. Gymnastic; pertaining to physical culture.

aliquot (al'-e-kwot) [alius, some; quot, how many].
A part of a number or quantity which will measure
it without a remainder, as 4 is an aliquot of 12.

alisphenoid (al-is-fe'-noid) [ala, a wing; sphenoid].
1. Pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid
bone. 2. The bone that in adult life forms the main
portion of the greater wing of the sphenoid.

f OH

alizaramid (al-iz-ar'-am-id), C14H6O2 < -^H . A

brown, crystalline substance obtained from boiling
a dilute solution of alizarin in ammonia. Syn.,
amidoanthraquinon.

alizarimid (al-iz-ar'-im-id), O4H7NO2. A violet-
red substance obtained from fiocculent precipitated
alizarin by action of ammonia with heat; it becomes
nearly black on drying.

alizarin (al-iz'-ar-in) [Ar., al, the; 'acarah, to
extract], C14H8O4; dihydroxyanthraquinone. The red
coloring principle occurring in Rubia tinctorum and
in anthracene. It occurs in red, prismatic crystals,
readily soluble in ether and alcohol. The alizarins
form a group of the anthracene colors, a.-blue, a
crystalline blue coloring-matter formed by heating
nitroalizarin in combination with H2SO4 and glycerol.

alkadermic (al-ka-der'-mik) [alkali; Sepua, skin].
Pertaining to or containing an alkaloid used in
subcutaneous injection.

alkalescence (al-ka-les'-ens) [Ar., al-qaliy, soda-
ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity.

alkalescent {al-ka-les'-ent) [see alkalescence]. Some-
what alkaline.

alkali (al'-ka-li) [see alkalescence]. The term
includes the hydroxides of the alkali metals; these
are electropositive, are strong bases, uniting with
acids to form salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify
fats, a.-albumin, a derived albumin; a proteid
that has been acted upon by dilute alkalies and
yields an alkaline reaction, a.-albuminate, a soluble
powder used as a culture-medium in bacteriology.
a., caustic, the solid hydroxide of potassium or sodi-
um, a., fixed, potassium or sodium hydroxide.
a. metals, sodium, potassium, lithium, cesium, and
rubidium, a., organic, one forming an essential
constituent of an organism, a., vegetable, potash or
potassium carbonate; also applied to the alkaloids.
a., volatile, ammonium hydroxide, which is decom-
posed by heat with the evolution of ammonia; also
ammonium carbonate.

alkaligenous (al-ka-lig'-en-us) [alkali; yevrp, pro-
ducing]. Affording or producing an alkali.

alkalimeter (al-ka-lim'-et-er) [alkali; fierpov, a
measure]. An instrument for estimating the alkali
in a substance.

alkalimetry (al-ka-lim'-et-re) [see alkalimeter].
The measurement of the amount of an alkali in a
substance.

alkaline (al'-ka-lin) [alkali]. Having the qualities
of or pertaining to an alkali, a. air, ammonia.
a. earths, the oxides of calcium, barium, strontium,
and magnesium, a. metals, those whose hydroxides
are alkalies, a. reaction, one in which red litmus
paper is turned blue.

alkalinity (al-ka-lin'-i-te) [alkali]. The quality of
being alkaline.

alkalinuria (al-ka-lin-u'-re-ah) [alkali; ovpov, urine].
Alkalinity of the urine.

alkalithia (al-ka-lith'-e-ah). A proprietary effer-
vescent preparation used in rheumatism, said to
contain 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) caffeine, 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.)
lithium bicarbonate, 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.) sodium bi-
carbonate, in each heaping teaspoonful. Dose 1
heaped teaspoonful 3 times daily in a large glass of
water.

alkalization (al-ka-li-za'-shun) [alkali]. The act
of rendering a thing alkaline; the state or quality of
being rendered alkaline.

alkaloid (al'-ka-loid) [alkali; rel5os, likeness].
Any one of the nitrogenous compounds occurring in
plants, and resembling ammonia in being basic and
in their method of forming salts with acids. Alka-
loids are believed to be substituted ammonias.
Alkaloids are, as a rule, the most active parts of
plants; many are used in medicine, a. s, animal,.
substances chemically like alkaloids, formed in the
decomposition of animal tissues. See leukomaine.
a., artificial, one produced synthetically, a., cada-
veric, a., putrefactive, see ptomaine, a., fixed, the
solid alkaloids; they contain carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen and oxygen, a., glucoside, a substance
which exhibits the characteristics of an alkaloid, but
is capable of decomposition into sugar and another
substance when acted upon by dilute acid, a.,
volatile, the liquid alkaloids; they contain no oxygen.

alkaloidal (al-ka-loid'-al) [alkali; eldos, likeness].
Having the qualities of an alkaloid.

alkalometry (al-kal-om'-e-tre). Administering alka-
loids. See dosimetry.

alkaluretic (al-ka-lu-ret'-ik) [alkali; ovpov, urine].
1. Causing or tending to cause a flow of alkaline
urine. 2. A drug rendering the urine alkaline.

alkamin (al'-kam-in). See alkine.

alkane (al'-kan). See paraffin (2).

alkanet (al'-kan-et) [Sp., dim. of alcana, henna].
The root of the herb, Alkanna (Anchusa) tinctoria,
yielding a red dye that is used in staining wood,
coloring adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to
give a red color to salves, etc.

alkanin (al'-kan-in). See alkannin.

alkanna-red. See alkannin.

alkannin (al'-kan-in) [see alkanet]. Alkanna-red;
a valuable coloring-matter obtained from alkanet.

alkapton (al-kap'-ton). A yellowish, resinous,
nitrogenous body occasionally found in urine.

alkaptonuria (al-kap-ton-'-u'-re-ah) [alkapton; ovpov.

ALKARGEN

38

ALLOCHESTHESIA

urine]. The presence of alkapton in the urine. It
has been found in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis
and in other instances in which there were no local
lesions or general disease. Urine containing alkapton
turns dark on standing or on the addition of an alkali.

alkargen (al-kar'-jen) [alkarsin; yevvav, to produce].
Dimethylarsenic acid, obtained from alkarsin by
the action of water.

alkarhein (al-kar-e'-in). A proprietary alkaline
preparation of rhubarb and pancreatin.

alkarsin (al-kar'-sin) [alcohol; arsenic]. _ "Cadet's
fuming liquid"; an extremely poisonous liquid con-
taining cacodyl. It is of a brown color, and on
exposure to the air ignites spontaneously.

alkasal {aV -ka-sal) . See aluminum-potassium
salicylate.

alkatrit (al'-ka-trit) [alkali; triturare, to rub to-
gether]. A triturate made from an alkaloid.

alkeins (al'-ke-inz). A collective name for the
ethers formed from the alkines.

alkermes (al'-kur-mez). See kermes.

alkine (al'-kin). Any member of the acetylene
series of hydrocarbons. Syn., alkomin.

alkyl (al'-kil) [alkali]. The name applied to any
of the univalent alcohol radicals, CnH2n+i; methyl,
ethyl, etc., are alkyls. a.-sulphides, thioethers;
sulphur analogues of the ethers. They are colorless
liquids, generally insoluble in water, and possessing
a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic.

alkylamine (al-kil'-am-in). A body having the
constitution of ammonia in which an alkyl replaces
hydrogen; i, 2, or 3 hydrogen atoms of the ammonia
molecule may suffer this replacement, thus yielding
primary or monalkylamines, having the general
formula NH2(CnH2n+i); secondary or dialkylamines,
having the general formula NH(CnH2n+i) (CpH2p+i) ;
and tertiary or trialkylamines , of the general formula
N(CnH2»+i) (CpH2+pi) (CgH2g+i).

alkylate (al'-kil-at). A compound derived from a
montaomic alcohol by replacement of the hydroxyl
hydrogen by a metal.

alkylation (al-kil-a'-shun). The exchange of
hydroxylic hydrogen atoms for alkyls.

alkylene (al'-ki-len). See olefin.

alkylogen (al-kil'-o-jen). A haloid salt of an alco-
hol radical.

allachesthesia, allachsesthesia (al-ah-kes-the'-ze-ah)
[dXXax^, in another place; ataOrjais, sensation].
Erroneous localization of tactile impressions, differing
from allocheiria in the respect that the sensation is felt
on the same side of the body, but in a different place
from that in which the irritation occurs.

allantiasis (al-an-ti'-as-is) [dXXas, a sausage].
Sausage-poisoning, due to the ingestion of sausages
in which putrefactive changes have taken place.

allantoic (al-an-to'-ik) [dXXas, a sausage; eldos,
resemblance]. Pertaining to the allantois. a. cir-
culation, the fetal circulation through the cord and
the umbilical vessels, a. vesicle, the hollow allan-
tois of certain animals.

allantoid {al-an' -toid) [see allantoic], 1. Resembling
a sausage. 2. Relating to the allantois. a. liquid,
see liquor amnii spurius.

allantoides (al-an-to'-id-ez). 1. Allantoid. 2. A
sausage. 3. The great toe. 4. The allantois.

allantoin (al-an' -to-in) [see allantoic], C4H6N4O3.
A crystalline substance occurring in traces in normal
urine, and prepared from uric acid by oxidation.
Also the characteristic constituent of the allantoic
fluid, and likewise found in fetal urine and amniotic
fluid.

allantois {al-an' -to-is) [see allantoic]. One of the
fetal membranes derived from the mesoblastic and
hypoblastic layers. Its function is to convey the
blood-vessels to the chorion. The lower part finally
becomes the bladder, the upper, the urachus.

allantotoxicon (al-an-to-toks'-ik-on) [dXXSs, a saus-
age; to£lk6v, a poison]. A poisonous substance,
probably a ptomaine, that develops during the
putrefactive fermentation of sausage.

allaxis (al-aks'-is) [aXaaaeiv, to vary]. Meta-
morphosis, transformation; the act or process of
conversion into some other condition or thing. Syn.,
allage.

allelomorph (al-e'-lo-morf) [aXhriXov, of one another;
fj.op<t>-h, form]. In Mendelian inheritance one of a
pair of contracted characters which become segre-
gated in the formation of germ cells.

allelomorphic (al-e-lo-mor'-fik). Pertaining to, or
characteristic of an allelomorph, q. v.

allelomorphism (al-e-lo-mor'-fizm). The presence,
in Mendelian inheritance, of allelomorphic characters.

allelotaxis (al-e-lo-tak'-sis) [aXhriXw, of one another;
Td|is, arrangement]. The development of a part
from different embryonic structures.

Allen's iodine test [Charles Warrenne Allen,
American physician, 1854-1906]. See under tinea
versicolor.

Allen's reaction for phenol. Add to one or two
drops of the liquid to be tested a few drops of hydro-
chloric acid and then one drop of nitric acid. A
cherry-red coloration is produced.

allene (al-en'), CH2 = C=CH2. An isomere of
allylene. Syn., P-allylene; isoallylene.

allenthesis {al-en' -thesis) [aXXoj, other; e?0e<m,
insertion]. The presence in or the introduction of
foreign bodies into the organism.

alleosis, or alloeosis (al-e-o'-sis) [dXXoiWis, change].

1. Change; alterative effect; recovery from illness.

2. Mental disorder.

alleotic, or allceotic (al-e-ot'-ik) [dXXoiWis, change].
1. Alterative. 2. A remedy or agent having an
alterative action.

allergen (al'-er-jen) [allergy; yewav, to produce].
A hypothetical substance of a toxic nature, sup-
posed to produce allergy.

allergy, allergia (al'-er-je, al-er'-je-a) [dXXos, other;
ipkpyeia, energy (from epyov, work)]. A form of
acquired immunity, in which a person reinfected
reacts differently from the way in which he reacted
after the primary infection. It is associated with
anaphylaxis.

allesthesia (al-es-the'-ze-ah) [dXXos, other; ala9j]ais,
feeling]. Synonym of allocheiria.

allevation (al-e-va' -shun) [ad, to; levare, to lift up].
1. The relief or palliation of pain. 2. The raising
or lifting of a patient from the bed or from the
reclining posture.

alleviator (al-e'-ve-a-tor) [allevare, to lighten]. A
device for raising orl iftinga sick person from the bed.

allex (al'-eks) [L.]. Same as hallux.

alliaceous (al-e-a'-shus) [allium, garlic]. Re-
sembling garlic, or pertaining to the same.

alligator-forceps (al'-e-ga-tor-for'-seps). A sur-
geons' toothed forceps, one of the jaws of which
works with a double lever.

Allingham's operation [William Allingham, English
surgeon, 1830-1908]. 1. For excision of the rectum;
the patient in the lithotomy position, an oval incision
is made into both ischio-rectal fossa?, around the
bowel, and prolonged backward to the coccyx; the
bowel is isolated, and separated with the ecraseur,
scissors, or Paquelin cautery. 2. For hemorrhoids;
the pile is dissected off from the muscular tissue with
scissors, the pedicle ligated, and the mass cut off.

3. For inguinal colotomy; the incision is from one
and one-half to three inches long, and is made parallel
with the outer third of Poupart's ligament, and about
one-half inch above. A.'s painful ulcer, anal fissure.
A.'s rectal plug, an appliance for controlling hemor-
rhage from the rectum.

Allis' sign [Oscar H. Allis, American surgeon].
Relaxation of the fascia lata between the iliac crest
and the trochanter major is indicative of fracture of
the neck of the femur.

alliteration (al-it-er-a' -shun) [ad, to; liter a, letter].
A form of dysphrasia in which the patient arranges
his words according to the sound.

allium (al'-e-um) [L.]. Garlic. The undried bulb
of A. sativum. It contains a pungent, volatile oil
that is found also in the leek and the onion. In
small amounts garlic acts as a condiment and aids
in the digestion and absorption of food. In chronic
bronchitis garlic applied as a poultice to the chest
and internally in boiled milk is beneficial. Poultices
of garlic applied to the spine are recommended in
infantile convulsions and may be applied over the
abdomen in gastrointestinal catarrh. A. cepa, the
common onion, and A. porrum, the leek, have
similar qualities. A., syrup of (syrupus allii), con-
tains fresh garlic, 20 Gm.; sugar, 80 Gm.; dilute
acetic acid, a sufficient quantity to make 100 Cc.
Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc).

alio-. A prefix used in chemistry to designate a
body which has been rendered more stable by heat;
also used to represent isomerism when there is
"relative asymmetry."

allocheiria. See allochiria.

alloaesthesia (al-ok-es-the'-ze-ah). Same as alla-
chesthesia.

ALLOCHEZIA

39

ALLYL

allochezia, allochetia (al-o-ke'-ze-ah, al-o-ke'-she-ah)
[dXXos, other; x«f«". to desire to go to stool]. I. The
passage of feces from the body through an abnormal
opening. 2. The passing of non-fecal matter from
the bowels.

allochiria (al-o-ki'-re-ah) [dXXos, other; x«P> hand].
An infrequent tabetic symptom, in which, if one
extremity be pricked, the patient locates the sensa-
tion in the corresponding member of the other side.

allochroic (al-lo-kro'-ik) [dXXos, another; xp^pa.
color]. Of changeable or diversified color.

allochroism (al-ok'-ro-izm) [dXXos, other; xp&p-a.
color]. 1. Variation in color. 2. A change of color.

allochromasia (al-o-kro-ma' -ze-ah) [dXXos, other;
XP&pa. color]. 1. Change of color in a part or tissue.
2. Color-blindness.

allocinetic (al-o-sin-et'-ik) . See allokinetic.

allogamy (al-og' -am-e) [dXXos, other; yap.os,
marriage]. In biology, cross fertilization.

allogotrophia (al-o-go-tro' -fe-ah) [alios; rpefaiv, to
nourish]. The nourishment of one part of the body
at the expense of some other part.

alloisomerism (al-o-i-som'-er-izm) [dXXos, other;
iaofiep-fis, having equal parts]. The application of
the same structural formula to many different com-
pounds; a variety of isomerism.

allokinetic (al-o-kin-ef -ik) [dXXos, other; kIvt]<tis,
motion]. Moved or set in motion by external
impressions or forces; not auto kinetic.

allolalia (al-o-la' -le-ah) [alios; \a\elv, to speak].
Any perversion of the faculty of speech. See alalia.

allolalic (al-o-lal'-ik) [dXXos, other; XaKelv, to
speak]. Affected with allolalia.

allomerism (al-om'-er-izm) [dXXos, other; /ikpos,
shape]. In chemistry, the property of retaining a
constant crystalline form while -the chemical con-
stituents present, or their proportions, vary.

allomorphic, allomorphous, allomorphus (al-o-mor' '•
fie, -us). Affected with allomorphism.

allomorphism (al-o-mor f'-izm) [dXXos, other; nop<prj,
shape]. The property possessed by certain sub-
stances of assuming a different form while remaining
unchanged in constitution.

allopath, allopathist (al'-o-path, al-op' -ath-ist)
[dXXos, other; iraBos, affection]. One who practises
allopathy. A common, but incorrect designation
for a regular practitioner.

allopathy (al-op' -a-the)]a\\os, other; waBos, affection].
According to Hahnemann, the inventor of the
term, that method of the treatment of disease con-
sisting in the use of medicines the action of which
upon the body in health produces morbid phenomena
different from those of the disease treated; errone-
ously used of the regular medical profession; opposed
to homeopathy.

allophasis (al-off' -as-is) [AXXos, other; </>&<ris,
speech]. Incoherency of speech; delirium.

allophemy (al-off' -e-me) [dXXos, other; <pijtit, to
speak]. v See heterophemy.

alloplast (al'-o-plast) [dXXos, other; -n-Xaaros, form,
mold]. In biology, a plastid composed of several
tissues; the opposite of homoplast.

allorrhythmia (al-or-rith'-me-ah) [alios; pvdubs,
rhythm]. Variation in intervals of the pulse.

allosan (al'-o-san). The allophanic acid ester of
santalol. It is a white, crystalline powder, used as
santalol.

allosteatodes (al-o-ste-at-o'-dez) [dXXos, other;
o-Tearudris, fat-like]. Marked by perversion or mor-
bidity of the sebaceous secretion.

allotherm (al'-o-therm) [dXXos, other; Bkpp.i\, heat].
An organismfwhose temperature is directly dependent
on its culture-medium.

allotoxin (al-o-toks'-in) [dXXos, other; to^lkov, poison].
Any substance, produced by tissue-metamorphosis
within the organism, that tends to shield the body
by destroying microorganisms or toxins that are
inimical to it.

allotriodontia (al-ot-re-o-don'-she-ah) [dXXorpios,
strange; 65ovs, tooth]. 1. The transplanting of
teeth from one person to another. 2. The existence
of teeth in abnormal situations, as in tumors.

allotriogeustia (al-ot-re-o-gus'-te-ah) [dXXorpioj,
strange; yevovs, taste]. Perversion of the sense of
taste; abnormity of the appetite.

allotriolith (al-ot'-re-o-lith) [dXXorpios, strange;
Xiflos, stone]. A calculus composed of unusual
material or formed in an abnormal situation.

allotriolithiasis (al-ot-re-o-lith-i' -as-is) [dXXorpios,
strange; X#os, a stone]. The formation or existence

of a calculus of unusual material, or composed
entirelyor in part of a foreign body.

allotriophagy (al-ot-re-off'-a-je) [dXXorpios, strange ;
_4>ayelv, to eat]. Depraved or unnatural appetite.

allotriotexis (al-ot-re-o-teks'-is) [&\\6tp<.os, strange;
re£is, birth]. 1. Abnormality in delivery. 2. The
birth or delivery of a monstrosity.

allotriuria (al-ot-re-u'-re-ah) [dXXorptos, strange;
ovpov, urine]. Abnormality of the urine.

allotrope (al'-o-trop) [see allotropic}. One of the
forms in which an element capable of assuming dif-
ferent forms may appear.

allotrophic (al-o-trof'-ik) [dXXos, other; rpo<pij,
nourishment]. Having perverted or modified char-
acters as a nutrient.

allotropic (al-o-trop'-ik) [dXXos, other; rpoiros,
manner], r. Characterized by allotropism. 2. Re-
lating to or marked by isomerism.

allotropism (al-ot' -rop-izm) [see allotropic]. 1. The
term expresses the fact of certain elements existing
in two or more conditions with differences of physical
properties; thus, carbon illustrates allotropism by
existing in the forms of charcoal, plumbago, and the
diamond. . 2. Appearance in an unusual or ab-
normal form.

allotropy (al-ot'-ro-pe). Allotropism.

allotrylic (al-o-tril'-ik) [dXXorpios, foreign; 6X17,
matter]. Due to the presence of a foreign prin-
ciple or material; enthetic. a. affections, morbid
states caused by the lodgment of foreign substances
in the organism. The foreign substance may be
animate or inanimate, organic or inorganic.

alloxamide (al-oks'-am-id) [alloxan; amide], A
substance, C8H4N4O1, obtained from alloxan by the
action of ammonia.

alloxan (al-oks'-an) [allantoin; oxalic], C4H2N2O4.
A crystalline substance produced by the oxidation of
uric acid.

alloxantin (al-oks-an' -tin) [alloxan], C8H4N4O7
+3H2O. A substance obtained by reducing alloxan
with SnCb, zinc, and HC1, or H2S in the cold. It
occurs in small, hard, colorless prisms that turn red
when treated with ammonia.

alloxin (al-oks'-in) [allantoin]. Any of a series of
xanthin bases, the result of the splitting-up of
chromatin, and which on oxidation produce uric
acid.

alloxur, alloxuric (al-oks'-ur, al-oks-u'-rik) [dXXos,
other; o£us, sharp]. A term applied by Kossel and
Kriiger to the xanthin bases, from the fact that
these, like uric acid, contain alloxan and urea groups.
a. bases, a. bodies, xanthin, hypoxanthin, guanin,
paraxanthin, adenin.

alloxuremia (al-oks-u-re'-me-ah) [alloxur; uremia].
Toxemia due to the resorption of the xanthin or
alloxur bases.

alloxuria (al-oks-u'-re-ah) [alloxur; ovpov, urine].
The pathological secretion of alloxur bodies (uric acid,
xanthin, hypoxanthin, paraxanthin, adenin, carnin,
etc.) in the urine.

alloy (al-oi') [Fr. aloyer, from L. alligare, to com-
bine]. 1. A compound of two or more metals by
fusion. 2. The least valuable of two or mor£ metals
that are fused together.

allspice (awl' -spls). The fruit of Eugenia pimenta.
a., Carolina, the leaves of Calycanthus fioridus,
having the properties of an aromatic stimulant.
See pimenta.

alius (al'-us) [L.]. The great toe. a. pollex, the
thumb.

allyl (al'-il) [allium, garlic], C3H5. A univalent
alcohol radical. Syn., allylum; acryl. a. acetate.
1. C3H5 . C2H3O, an aromatic liquid with sharp
taste, boiling at I03°-I04° C. 2. A salt of allylacetic
acid. a. alcohol, C3H5HO. A colorless, inflammable
liquid, with pungent odor, boiling at 97° C. a.
aldehyde, C3H4O. A synonym of acrolein, a.
borate, (CsHs^BOs, a liquid giving off pungent,
irritating vapors which cause a flow of tears; it boils
at i68°-i75° C. a. bromide, C3H5Br, a liquid with
pungent odor; sp. gr., 1.436 at 15° C; soluble in
alcohol and ether; boils at 70°-7i° C. Syn., bromo-
propylene. a. carbamine, CN . C3H5, a liquid ob-
tained by heating allyl iodide with silver cyanide;
it has an extremely foul and penetrating odor; boils
at q6°-io6° C. Syn., allyl cyanide; allyl isocyanide.
a. carbimide, CO . NC3H5, a foul liquid causing flow
of tears, formed by the action of potassium pseudo-
cyanate upon allyl iodide. Syn., allyl isocyanate;
allyl carboxylamine ; allyl pseudocyanate. a. chloride,

ALL YL AMINE

40

ALOPECIA

C3H5CI, a pungent liquid; sp. gr., 0.937 at 200 C;
boils at 450 C. Syn., chlorotritylen. a. cyanamide.
See sinamine. a. dioxide, C6H16O3, a colorless liquid
obtained from allyl alcohol by action of glycerol and
oxalic acid; sp. gr., 1.16 at 160 C; boils at I7i°-i72° *
C.; soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. Syn.,
diallyl oxide, a. iodide, C3H5I, a pungent liquid;
sp. gr., 1.848 at 120 C; soluble in alcohol; boils at
ioo°-i02° C. It is a reaction-product of phos-
phorus, iodine, and allyl alcohol, a. mustard oil,
CS . N . C3H6. The principal constituent of ordinary
mustard oil. Syn., allyl pseudosulphocyanate ; allyl
pseudothiocyanate ; allyl isothiocyanate ; allyl isosul-
phocyanate; allyl thiocarbimide. a. nitrate, C3H5 .-
NO3, a mobile liquid of pungent odor, boiling at
1060 C, formed from silver nitrate by action of allyl
bromide, a. phenol, C9H10O, a body obtained from
anisic aldehyde by action of potash ; it forms laminar
crystals, a. sulphate, C3H5HSO4, a substance
acting as a monobasic acid and forming salts called
allyl sulphates. Syn., allyl-sulphuric acid; allyl
and hydrogen sulphate, a. sulphide, (CsHs^S, the
essential oil of garlic. It is stomachic and sedative.
a. thiocyanate, NC . SC3H6, a colorless, . strongly
refracting, oily liquid, with odor of garlic and hydro-
cyanic acid, isomeric with allyl mustard oil and
producing headache, nervous excitement, and nausea
when inhaled. Syn., artificial oil of mustard; allyl
sulphocyanide. a. tribromide, C3HsBr3, a colorless
liquid used as an antispasmodic. Dose 5 drops.

allylamine (al-W -am-in) [allium; amide], NH2-
(C3H5]. Ammonia in which a hydrogen atom is
replaced by allyl. It is a caustic liquid.

almatein (al-mat'-e-in). A compound of hema-
toxylin and formaldehyde: it has no odor, and has
been recommended az a substitute for iodoform.

Almen's reagent for blood [August Almen, Swedish
physiologist, 1833- ]. A liquid containing blood
or blood-coloring matters, if well shaken with a
mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiacum and
oil of turpentine, becomes blue. A.'s test for glucose,
heat the liquid with a solution of bismuth subnitrate
dissolved in caustic soda and Rochelle salts; if it
contains glucose, the liquid becomes cloudy, dark
brown, or nearly black in color, and finally a black
deposit appears.

almond (ah'-mond) [ME., almonde]. See amyg-
dala, a.-bran, a cosmetic powder consisting of
perfumed powdered almonds and borax, a.-bread,
a variety of bread made from almond flour, for use
in diabetes as a substitute for ordinary bread.
a.-eyed, applied to the Mongolian race on account of
the peculiar elliptical form and slanting appearance of
the eyelids, a. of the ear, a. of the throat, the
tonsil, a. mixture, see under amygdala, a. oil,
oleum amygdalae. See amygdala, a. oil, bitter,
oleum amygdalae amaras. See under amygdala.
a.-paste, a magma of bitter almonds, alcohol, white
of egg, and rose-water, used to soften the skin and
prevent the hands and lips from chapping.

alnuin (al'-nu-in) [Celtic, al, near; Ian, a river-
bank]. A precipitate from the tincture of Alnus
rubra. Said to be alterative and resolvent. Dose
gr. ii-x.

Alnus (al'-nus) [L.]. 1. Alder-bark. 2. A genus
of shrubs and trees of the order Cupuliferce. A.
glutinosa, common European alder, has astringent
bark and leaves, which are used in intermittent fever
and as an application in wounds and ulcers. A.
serrulata contains tannic acid. The decoction of
bark and leaves is astringent and used as a gargle
and as a lotion for wounds and ulcers. Dose of
powdered bark 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.); of the fluidextract
30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). A. incana has qualities
similar to A. serrulata. It is recommended as a
hemostatic.

alochia (ah-lo' -ke-ah) [&, priv.; Xoxta, the lochia].
Absence of the lochia.

Aloe (al'-o). _ A genus of liliaceous plants. See
aloes, a. americana, see agave, a.-resin, an amor-
phous resinous constituent of aloes obtained as a de-
posit from a hot aqueous solution of aloes on cooling.

aloedary (al'-o-ed-a-re). A compound aloetic
purgative medicine.

aloeretin (al-o-e-re'-tin). See aloe-resin.

aloes (al'-oz) [&\6rj, the aloe]. The inspissated
juice of several species of aloe, of which Aloe socotrina,
A. barbadensis, and A. capensis are most commonly
used. Its properties are due to a glucoside, aloin,
C17H18O7. It is a tonic astringent, useful in amenor-

rhea, chronic constipation, and atonic dyspepsia.
It is also an emmenagogue and anthelmintic. Dose
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). a.-bitter, a bitter principle
obtained from aloes by evaporation of the aqueous
extract from which the aloe-resin has been extracted,
a.-bitter, artificial, a body obtained from aloes by
action of nitric acid, a., decoctum, compositum
(B. P.), Socotrine aloes, myrrh, and saffron, of each,
2 parts; potassium carbonate, 4 parts; licorice-juice,
24 parts; water, 768 parts; reduce by boiling to 642
parts and add 192 parts of compound tincture of
cardamom. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). a.,
enema (B. P.), aloes, potassium carbonate, and
mucilage of starch, a. et asafcetidae, pilulae (B. P.),
aloes and asafetida, of each, i\ gr. (0.1 Gm.). a. et
ferri, pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), contain 1 gr. (0.065
Gm.) each of aloes, ferrous sulphate, and aromatic
powder, incorporated with confection of roses, a. et
mastiches, pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), "Lady Webster's
pills," contain aloes, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.); mastic and
red rose, § gr. (0.032 Gm.). a. et myrrhae, pilulae
(U. S. P., B. P.), each contains aloes, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.);
myrrh, 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.); aromatic powder, \ gr.
(0.032 Gm.), mixed with syrup, a. et myrrhae,
tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.), aloes, 10; myrrh, 10;
alcohol, 100 parts. Dose \-z dr. (2-8 Cc). a.,
extractum (U. S. P.). Dose 2 gr. (0.12 Gm.).
a., extractum, aquosum, prepared by mixing aloes
1 part with 10 parts boiling water, straining and
evaporating. Dose §-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.).
a., hepatic, dark, liver-colored aloes, mostly Bar-
badian, a., pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), aloes and soap,
of each, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). a. purificata (U. S. P.),
the common drug purified by solution in alcohol
and evaporation. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.).
a. socotrinae, pilula (B. P.), contains Socotrine aloes,
hard soap, oil of nutmeg, and confection of roses.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). a., tinctura (U. S. P.,
B. P.), consists of aloes, 10; licorice, 10; dilute
alcohol, 100 parts. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). a.,
yinum (B. P.), has aloes, 6; cardamom, 1; ginger, 1;
white wine, 100 parts. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc).

aloetic (al-o-et'-ik) [aloes]. Containing or per-
taining to aloes.

aloetin {al-o-e' -tin) . 1. Aloe-resin. 2. A yellow,
crystalline principle obtainable from aloes.

alogia (ah-lo' -je-ah) [&, priv.; X670S, word, reason].

1. Inability to speak, due to some psychical defect.

2. Stupid or senseless behavior.

alogotrophy (al-o-got'-rofe) [aAo-yos, strange, absurd;
rpo4>i), nutrition]. Irregular and perverted nutrition,
leading to deformity.

aloin (al'-c-in) [aloes]. A bitter principle found
in aloes. It forms fine needles, possesses a very bitter
taste, and acts as a strong purgative. Several
glucosides of this name are described, as, barbaloin,
nataloin, zanaloin, socaloin. Dose §-2 gr. (0.032-
0.13 Gm.).

aloisol (al-o-is-oV) . An oily liquid obtained from
the distillation of aloes with quicklime.

alopecia (al-o-pe'-she-ah) [iXwireda, a disease of
foxes resembling mange]. Deficient hair; baldness.
It may be universal or partial, congenital or acquired.
It follows a large number of systemic affections.
Syn., lapsus capillorum; defluxio capillorum; vulpis
morbus, a. adnata, see a., congenital, a. areata,
that condition in which, suddenly or slowly, one or
several, usually asymmetrically distributed, patches
of baldness appear upon the hairy regions of the
body, more often upon the scalp and parts covered
by the beard. Syn., area Celsi; tinea decalvans;
porrigo decalvans; alopecia circumscripta, a., ca-
chectic, that due to general malnutrition, a. cir-
cumscripta, see a. areata, a., congenital, a rare form,
seldom complete, due to absence of hair-bulbs.
a. furfuracea, a form of baldness associated with
a disorder of the scalp, marked by hyperemia, itching,
and exfoliation of dry or fatty scales from its surface.
It may be acute or chronic, and produce a dryness,
brittleness, and lack of luster in the hair. Syn.,
alopecia pityroides capillitii; pityriasis capitis;
seborrhea capillitii; pityriasis simplex, a. localis,
that form occurring in one or more patches at the site
of an injury or in the course of a nerve. Syn.,
alopecia neuritica. a. neurotica, a name given to
baldness of trophoneurotic origin, a. orbicularis,
same as a. circumscripta, a. pityroides capillitii,
see a. furfuracea. a. pityroides universalis, a rapid
and general denudation of hair occurring in debilitated
states, preceded by abundant desquamation of fatty

ALOXANTHIN

41

ALUM

scales, a. senilis, that occurring in old age. a. sim-
plex, the idiopathic premature baldness of young
adults. It is most common in males, and is often
associated with premature grayness. a. syphilitica,
that due to syphilis, a. unguis, a. unguium, the
falling-off of the nails. Syn., onychoptosis, a. uni-
versalis, that in which there is a general falling-out
of the hairs of the body.

aloxanthin (al-oks-an'-thin), C15H10O6. A yellow
substance obtained from barbaloin and socaloin by
the action of potassium bichromate.

alpenstich (alp' -en-stik) [Ger.]. A form of severe
pleurisy or pleuropneumonia with typhoid symptoms
peculiar to mountainous regions.

alpha (al'-fah) [d\0a, the first letter of the Greek
alphabet]. The Greek letter o, used in combination
with many chemical terms to indicate the first of a
series of isomeric bodies, as alphanaphthol. a.-eigon,
a compound of iodine and albumin containing 15 %
of iodine and soluble in water, a.-leukocyte, one
disintegrating during blood-coagulation.

alphanaphthol (al-fah-naf'-thol). A variety of
naphthol.

alphasol {aV -fa-sol) . Trade name of a preparation
used as an antiseptic in rhinology and laryngology.

alphenols (al'-fe-nolz). A class of compounds
having the characteristics of both alcohols and
phenols.

alphodeopsoriasis (al-fo-de-o-so-ri'-a-sis) [dX0w5ijs,
leprous; xj/uplaais, psoriasis]. A form of psoriasis re-
sembling leprosy.

alphodermia (al-fo-der' -me-ali) [a\<j>6s, white; &kpy.a,
the skin]. Achromatosis; any disease marked by
lack of pigmentation.

alphol (al'-fol), C17H12O3. The salicylic ether of
alphanaphthol, a white, crystalline powder, soluble
in alcohol, in ether, and in fatty oils, and insoluble
in water; melts at 830 C. It is an internal anti-
septic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.) 3 times daily.

alphos (al'-fos) [ak<t>6s, vitiligo]. 1. An old name
for leprosy. 2. Psoriasis.

alphosis (al-fo'-sis) [see alphos]. Albinism; leuko-
derma.

alphozone (al'-fo-zon). Succinic dioxide. A white
crystalline powder derived from hydrogen dioxide
by. action of succinic acid. It is used as a germicide
in dilute aqueous solutions.

alphus (al'-fus). 1. See alphos. 2. A scrofulous
pustular disease of the skin attended with the forma-
tion of white cruses, a. confertus, a scrofulous form
of impetigo with clustered lesions attended with
formation of white crusts, a. leuce, Plenck's name
for a skin disease marked by white spots, which
penetrate the skin deeply and involve the hairs, and
if pricked, a milky fluid exudes. Syn., vitiligo leuce;
leuce. a. simplex, Plenck's name for a skin disease
marked by white patches not involving the hairs
and wandering from one part to the other, with
roughening of the skin. a. sparsus, a scrofulous
disseminated ecthyma attended with formation of
white crusts.

Alpinia (al-pin'-e-a)i) [Prosper Alpinus, Italian
botanist, 1553-1617]. A genus of zingiberaceous
tropical plants. A. chinensis, A. officinarum, and
other species furnish galangal.

Alquie's operation (al-ke-a') [Alexis Jacques
Alquie, French surgeon, 1812-1865]. Alexander's
operation.

Alsace gum (al-sds'). See dextrin.

alsol (al'-sol). A preparation of aluminum acetate
and tartaric acid; used as an astringent and dis-
infectant.

Alstonia (al-sto' '-ne-ah) [Charles Alston, Scotch
physician, 1683-1760]. A genus of apocynaceous
trees and shrubs. A. constricta, the Australian fever-
tree, yields the alkaloid alstonine. The bark is tonic,
antiperiodic, and antipyretic, and is used in inter-
mittent fevers. Dose of fiuidextract 30-60 min.
(2-4 Co). A. scholaris, the devil-tree, a native of
the East Indies, furnishes dita-bark; it is tonic,
astringent, antiperiodic, and anthelmintic.

alstonidin (al-ston'-id-in). An amorphous sub-
stance contained in a variety of dita-bark.

alstonin (al-sto' -nin). An amorphous substance
contained in a variety of dita-bark.

alstoninine. A crystalline alkaloid, C21H20N2O4,
obtained from Alstonia constricta.

alt. dieb. Abbreviation for the Latin altemis
diebus, every other day.

alter (awl'-ter). To castrate or spay.

alterant (awl'-ter -anf). Same as alterative.

alterative (awl'-ter -a-tiv) [alterativus]. 1. A medi-
cine that alters the processes of nutrition, re-
storing, in some unknown way, the normal func-
tions of an organ or of the system. The most im-
portant alteratives are arsenic, iodine, the iodides,
mercury, and gold. 2. Changing; alterant; re-
establishing healthy nutritive processes.

alternate (awl' -ter-nat) [alternare, to do by turns].
Occurring successively in space or time. a. hemi-
plegia, see hemiplegia.

alternating (awl' -ter-na-iing) [see alternate}. Oc-
curring successively, a. currents, electric currents
the direction of which is constantly changing, a.
insanity, a form of insanity in which there are regular
cycles of exaltation and depression.

alternation (awl-ter-na' -shun) [see alternate]. Re-
peated transition from one state to another, a., of
generations. 1. In biology, a generative cycle in
which the young do not resemble the parent, but
like forms are separated by one or more unlike
generations. 2. That form of reproduction in which
some of the members of the cycle can produce new
beings non-sexually, while in the final stage repro-
duction is always sexual. Tenia or tapeworm, is
an example.

alternator (awlt-'er-na-tor). An apparatus for
converting the direct dynamo current into an alter-
nating current.

Althaus' oil. An oil made as follows: Metallic
mercury, 1 part; pure lanolin, 4 parts; 2 % phenol,
5 parts. It is used in the treatment of syphilis in
injections of 5 min. (0.3 Co) at a dose.

Althea, Althaea (al-the'-ah) [L.l. Marshmallow.
The peeled root of Althaea officinalis, a plant of the
mallow family. It consists of about one-third of
vegetable mucus and starch, together with the
alkaloids asparagine and altheine (latterly regarded as
identical). Its decoction is employed as a muci-
laginous drink, a., ointment of (unguentum althaea),
an ointment composed of marshmallow root, 2 parts;
turmeric, flaxseed, and fenugreek, each, 1 part;
water, 70 parts; lard, 44 parts; yellow wax, 6 parts.
a., syrup of (syrupus althaeas), contains 4 % althea.
Dose indefinite. Asparagine possesses sedative and
diuretic properties, and is useful in ascites and gout.
Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.19 Gm.).

alt. hor. Abbreviation for the Latin altemis
horis, every other hour.

althose (al'-thos). Trade name of a preparation
containing senega, squill, and codeine; used as an
expectorant.

altitude (al'-te-tud) [altitudo, height]. The height,
as of an individual. In climatology, the elevation
of a place above the sea-level, a.-staff, a device
employed for measuring the exact height of recruits.
It consists of a rigid upright with a vertex-bar
moving without play at right angles to the upright.

Altmann's granules. Round bodies staining
readily with carbolfuchsin, and regarded as cell-
derivatives which have grown through the assimila-
tion of fat. Their absence is supposed to indicate
cancer. They are probably allied to Russell's
bodies. According to Ross, the substance which
forms chromosomes.

altricious (al-trish'-us) [altrix, a nurse]. Requiring
a long nursing; hence, slow of development (the
reverse of precocious).

alum (al'-um) [alumen, alum]. Any one of a class
of double sulphates formed by the union of one of the
sulphates of certain non-alkaline metals with a
sulphate of some alkaline metal. The standard (or
common commercial) alum, the official alumen (U. S.
P.), is the aluminum-and-potassium sulphate,
A1K(S04)2+I2H20. It is a powerful astringent and
styptic, and is also extensively used in the arts.
a., alumina-, a mixture of alum and aluminum sul-
phate, a., aluminum-, an alum composed of a
double sulphate of aluminum and another radical.
a., ammonia, the same as the standard, except that
the potassium is replaced by ammonium. It is
official in Great Britain, and is extensively used on
account of its cheapness. What is known as con-
centrated or patent alum is the normal aluminum
sulphate (alumini sulphas, U. S. P.), which is not a
true alum, a., ammonioferric (Jerri et ammonii
sulphas, U. S. P.), is strongly styptic, and is useful
in leukorrhea. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).
a., burnt, alum dried by heat; a spongy, pulverizable
substance. It is used as an astringent and on

ALUMEN

42

ALVEOLIN

fungous growths. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.333-2.0 Gm.).
Syn., calcined alum; alumen exsiccatum; alutnen
ustum. a., feather, a., feathered. 1. Alum occurring
in a fibrous form. 2. Asbestos, a.-hematoxylin, a
purple stain for tissues, obtained from an alcoholic
solution of hematoxylin by addition of an aqueous
solution of potash alum, a., potash, a., potassa,
a., potassic, a., potassium, an alum containing
potassium, particularly ordinary alum, or aluminum-
and-potassium sulphate, a., potassioferric, is similar
to ammonioferric alum, a., soda, double sulphate of
sodium and aluminum; it is too soluble for ordinary
uses, a.-whey, a preparation obtained by boiling
2 dr. of alum in a pint of milk and straining. It is
used as an astringent and internal hemostatic in
wineglassful doses.

alumen (al-u'-men) [L., gen., aluminis]. See alum.
a. exsiccatum (U. S. P.), burnt or dehydrated alum.
See alum, burnt.

alumil (al'-u-mil). Alumina in combination with
acids.

alumina (al-u'-min-ah) [L.], AI2O3. Aluminum
oxide: the principal ingredient of clay and of many
stones, earths, and minerals.

aluminated (al-u'-min-a-ted). Combined with
alum, alumina, or aluminum.

aluminated copper. See lapis divinus.

aluminic, aluminicus (al-u-min'-ik, -us). Relating
to or having the nature of alum.

aluminiferous (al-u-min-if -er-us) [alum; ferre, to
bear]. Yielding alum.

aluminium. See aluminum.

aluminol, alumnol (al-u'-min-ol, al-um'-nol) [alum-
inum]. The aluminum salt of betanaphthol sul-
phonic acid. It is an astringent and antiseptic;
and is used in gonorrhea, endometritis, and diseases
of the ear, nose, skin, etc.

aluminosis (al-u-min-o'-sus) [alum; vbaos, disease].
A chronic catarrhal inflammation of the lungs found
in pottery workers.

aluminous (al-u'-min-us). Relating to or con-
taining alum, alumina, or aluminum, a. chalybeate,
a term applied to mineral waters containing alum
and iron.

aluminum, aluminium (a-lu'-min-um, a-lii-min'-
e-um) [L.], A\= 27. Quantivalence II, IV. A silver-
white metal distinguished by its low sp. gr. — about
2.6. It is largely used in the arts and for certain
surgical instruments, a. acetate, AI2O . 4C2H3O2
+4H2O. Used as an internal and external dis-
infectant. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) 3 times
daily, a. acetoborate, antiseptic and disinfectant.
a. acetoglycerinate, glycerite of aluminum acetate.
It has one-fifth the strength of aluminum acetotar-
trate; used in 50 % solution in diseases of the nose,
throat, and ear. a. acetotartrate, an energetic
nontoxic disinfectant and astringent. It is applied
in 0.5 to 2 % solutions in diseases of the air-passages;
for chilblains, in 50 % solution, a. boroformate,
prepared from freshly precipitated aluminium hy-
droxide dissolved in 2 parts of formic acid, 1 part of
boric acid, and 7 parts of water. It is used as an
astringent and antiseptic, a. borotannate, a reaction-
product from tannic acid with borax and aluminum
sulphate, containing 76 % tannin, 13.23 % alumina,
10.71 % boric acid; used as a disinfectant and
astringent in skin diseases, applied pure or attenuated
in ointment or dusting-powder. Syn., cutal; cutol.
a. borotannotartrate, a compound of aluminum
borotannate and tartaric acid; is used externally in
skin diseases and in gonorrhea in 0.5 to 10 % solution.
Syn., soluble cutal or cutol. a. borotartrate, an
energetic, astringent, nonirritant antiseptic, used
externally in inflammatory diseases of the throat
and nose, and applied in substance or in solution
with the addition of glycerol. Syn., boral. a.
bromide, AhBr6. In combination with aluminum
chloride it is used as a gargle in diphtheria or taken
internally, a. caseinate, an intestinal astringent.
Dose 4-5 gr. (0.25-0.3 Gm.). a. chloride, AhCU,
colorless hexagonal plates which fume in moist air.
It is astringent and antiseptic, and is also used in
bleaching teeth, a. gallate, basic, a brown, anti-
septic dusting-powder made by precipitating a solu-
tion of aluminum sulphate with a solution of gallic
acid to which sodium hydroxide has been added.
a. hydroxide (alumini hydroxidum, U. S. P.), Al2(HO)6,
a tasteless white powder, feebly astringent. Dose
3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). Syn., aluminum hydrate.
a. oleate, Al(OsH33C>2)2, a yellowish mass, soluble in

alcohol, in ether, in benzene, and in oleic acid. It
is used as an antiseptic in skin diseases, a.-and-
potassium sulphate, AlK(S04)2 + i2H20, a valuable
astringent, used in catarrh, leukorrhea, gonorrhea.
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). In teaspoonful
doses it is an emetic. Syn., alum, a.-and-potassium
sulphocarbolate, AbK^Cel^HSO-Os, an antiseptic,
astringent, and styptic; it is used externally in a
5 to 20 % aqueous solution in cases of cancer and
putrid ulcerations, and as a mouth-wash. a. sali-
cylate, A1(C7H503)3, a reddish-white antiseptic
powder used in nasal catarrh and ozena. Syn.,
salumin. a. salicylate, ammoniated, a yellowish-
white powder used as an antiseptic and astringent in
inflammation of the nose and throat by dry insuffla-
tions or painting with a 20 % solution in 50 % of
glycerol and 30 % of water. Syn., soluble salumin.
a.-and-sodium silicate, Na2Si03AU(Si04)3, obtained
by adding aluminum hydroxide to a boiling solution
of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. It is
used in surgical dressings, a. sozoiodolate, is used
as an antiseptic wash in 2 to 3 % solution, a. sul-
phate (alumini sulphas, U. S. P.), Al2(S04)3, an anti-
septic and astringent used as a lotion in 5 % solution.
a. sulphocarbolate, Al2(CeH4HS04)6, white crystals,
soluble in water, in glycerol, and in alcohol. It is
recommended as an antiseptic in cystitis and suppur-
ating sores. Syn., sozal. a. tannate, a compound of
aluminum and tannic acid. a. tanno tartrate,
yellowish-white plates or powder, soluble in water;
used as an astringent and antiseptic insufflation or
gargle in laryngeal or catarrhal troubles. Syn.,
soluble tannal. a.-and-zinc sulphate, Al2(S04)3ZnS04,
a white, crystalline powder, soluble in water. It is
used as a caustic.

alumroot. The root of Heuchera americana. Its
properties are due to gallic and tannic acids. It is
very astringent. Dose of the fluidextract 10-20 min.
(0.65-1.3 Co). Also the root of Geranium macu-
latum, a mild astringent.

alundum (al-un'-dum). A preparation of alumina
used for making appliances which are to be sub-
jected to severe heat in the laboratory.

alusia (al-u'-se-ah) ^HKveiv, to wander]. Halluci-
nation; morbid state of mind.

alv. deject. Abbreviation for the Latin alvi
dejectiones, the intestinal evacuations.

alv. adstrict. Abbreviation for the Latin alvo
adstricta, the bowels being confined.

alvearium (al-ve-a'-re-um) [L.]. The external
auditory canal or meatus.

alveated (al'-ve-a-ted) [alveatus, hollowed out like a
trough]. Honeycombed; channeled; vaulted like a
beehive.

Alvegniat's pump (al-van'-yah). A mercurial air-
pump used in estimating the gaseous constituents of
the blood.

alveloz (al-vel-oth') [Sp.]. An extractive from
Euphorbia icterodoxa, having diuretic properties.
It is highly recommended as a topical application in
cancer.

alveola (al-ve'-o-la) [alveolus, a small hollow].
A little depression.

alveolar (al-ve'-o-lar) [see alveola]. Pertaining to an
alveolus, a. abscess, a gum-boil. a. arch, the
alveolar surface of the jaw. a. artery, a branch of
the internal maxillary artery, a. border, the margin
of the jaws. a. index, in craniometry, the gnathic
index; the ratio of the distance between the basion
and alveolar point, to the distance between the basion
and the nasal point, multiplied by 100. (Sometimes
the basilar index is called the alveolar index.) a.
passages, the ultimate division of the bronchi,
emptying into the infundibula. a. points, see
craniometric points, a. process, the border of the
superior maxilla, in which the alveoli are placed,
a. sarcoma, see sarcoma, a. structure, having small,
superficial cavities, as in the mucous membrane of
the stomach.

alveolarium (al-ve-o-la'-re-um) [alveus, a t>ee-hive].
A name sometimes applied to the external meatus of
the ear. It is so called because the wax of the ear
gathers in that place.

alveolate (al-ve' '-o-ldt, or al' -ve-o-lat) [alveolatus,
hollowed out like a little tray]. In biology, pitted,
honeycombed.

alveoli (al-ve' -o-li) . Genitive and plural of alveolus.

alveolin (al-ve' -o-lin). A chemical substance
obtained from the alveolar network in the deuto-
merites of gregarines.

ALVEOLITIS

43

AMAUROSIS

alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'-tis) [alveolus; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the alveolus of a tooth.

alveolocondylean (al-ve' -o-lo-kon-dil' -e-an) [alve-
olus, a hollow; k6v8v\os, a knuckle]. In craniometry,
pertaining to the alveolus and condyle, a. plane.
See plane.

alveolodental (al-ve' -o-lo-den'-tal) [alveoliis; dens, a
tooth]. Pertaining to the teeth and their sockets.

alveololabial (al-ve' -o-lo-la'-be-al). Pertaining to
the alveolar processes and the lips.

alveololabialis (al-ve-o-lo-lab-e-a'-lis) [alveolus, a
hollow; labium, the lip]. The buccinator muscle.

alveolomaxdllary (al-ve' -o-lo-maks-il'-a-re). The
buccinator muscle.

alveolosubnasal (al-ve' -o-lo-sub-na' -sal) [alveolus,
a hollow; sub, under; nasus, nose]. In biology,
pertaining to the alveolar and subnasal points of
the skull, a. prognathism, see prognathism.

alveolus (al-ve' -o-lus) [L.]. i. The bony socket of
a tooth. Syn., phatne; phatnia; phatnion. 2. A cell.
3. An air-cell of the lung. 4. A cavity, depression,
pit, cell, or recess, a. of a gland, the terminal
lobule of a racemose gland, a. laryngeus, see pouch,
laryngeal, a. of the stomach, one of the honey-
comb-like depressions found in the stomach.

alveus (al'-ve-us) [alveus, a trough]. 1. A trough,
tube, or canal; applied to ducts and vessels of the
body. 2. A cavity or excavation, a. ampullascens,
a. ampullescens, a. ampullosus, see receptaculum
chyli. a. communis, the utricle of the ear. a. cornu
ammonis, see a. hippocampi, a. hippocampi, a
certain structure in the cerebral hemisphere investing
the convexity of the hippocampus major, a. uro-
genitalis, see uterus masculinus.

alvine (al'-vin or al'-vin) [alvus, belly]. Pertaining
to the belly, a. concretion, an intestinal calculus.
a. dejections, a. discharges, the feces, a. obstruc-
tion, constipation.

alvus (al'-vus) [L., pi. and gen., alvi]. 1. The belly
or its contained viscera. 2. Diarrhea, a. adstricta,
a. astricta, an extreme degree of constipation.
a. dura, constipation, a. renis, the pelvis of the
kidney.

alymphia (ah-limf'-e-ah) [d, priv.; lympha, lymph].
A deficiency of lymph.

alypin (al'-e-pin). The hydrochloride of tetra-
methyl-dlamino-dimethyl-ethyl-carbinol-benzoate. It
is a synthetic preparation, similar to cocaine and
stovaine, and is. used as a local anesthetic. It is
less toxic than cocaine. For the eye and urethra,
a 2 per cent stolution is used; elsewhere, a stronger
solution.

alyssus (al-is'-us) [a, priv.; Xvaaa, madness].
Preventing or curing rabies.

Alzheimer's disease (alz'-hi-mer). A mental dis-
order generally occurring in middle life; it is charac-
terized by insidious onset, a rapidly progressive
course, and final dementia.

Am. Abbreviation for ametropia, and for mixed
astigmatism.

am-. A prefix indicating the group NH2.

A. M. Abbreviation of Artium Magister, Master
of Arts.

ama -(ah' -ma) [a/«7. a water-pail]. An enlarge-
ment at the end opposite the ampulla of a bony canal
of the labyrinth of the internal ear.

A. M. A. Abbreviation for American Medical
Association.

amaas (ah'-mahs) [Kaffir, soured milk]. A mild
form of small-pox prevalent in South Africa and
elsewhere; milk-pox.

amacrine (am'-ak-rin) [a, priv.; nanpos, long; is, a
fiber]. Applied to nerve-cells entirely devoid of axis-
cylinder processes.

amadou (am'-a-doo) [Fr., amadouer, to coax].
German tinder or touchwood; Boletus igniarius, a
fungus found on old tree-trunks, used to stanch local
hemorrhage and as a dressing for wounds, etc.
a. de Panama, a hemostatic prepared from the leaf-
hairs of Micronia mucronata.

amalgam (am-al'-gam) [jia\ayp.a, a soft mass].

1. A combination of mercury with any other metal.

2. Any soft alloy, a.-carrier and -plugger, an instru-
ment designed for carrying and introducing amalgam
into the cavity of a tooth, a., dental, compounds of
a basal alloy of silver and tin with mercury, used
for filling teeth. Gold, platinum, copper, zinc, or
bismuth is frequently added as a third metal to the
basal alloy, a.-manipulator, an instrument used by
dentists for preparing amalgam fillings.

amalgamate (am-aV -gam-at) . To unite a metal
in an alloy with mercury. To unite two dissimilar
substances. To cover the zinc elements of a gal-
vanic battery with mercury.

amalgamation (am-al-gam-a'-shun) [see amalgam].
In metallurgy, the process of combining mercury
with some other metal, as practised in separating
silver and gold from ores.

amandin (am-an'-din) [Fr., amande, almond]. A
proteid contained in sweet almonds.

amanitin (am-an'-it-in) [ap.avlrai, a kind of fungi].

1. A principle identical with cholin, obtained from
the fly-agaric. 2. A poisonous glucoside obtainable
from various species of agaric.

amara (am-a'-ra) [amarus, bitter]. 1. Bitters.

2. The bitter alkaloids. 3- [ap.apa, a trench.] A
sewer, drain, or stream. In the plural, amara, the
hollows of the outer ear.

amaril (am'-ar-il) [Sp., amarillo, yellow]. The
poison induced by Bacillus icteroides.

amarillic (am-ar-il'-ik). Pertaining to yellow
fever. Cf. amarylism.

amarin (am'-ar-in) [see amara], C21H18N2, triphenyl-
dihydroglyoxalin. It results from boiling hydro-
benzamide with caustic potash. It has a poisonous
effect on animals.

amaroids (am'-ah-roids). All distinctly bitter
vegetable extractives of definite chemical compo-
sition other than alkaloids and glucosides. Their
names end in -in or -inum. Also called "bitter
principles."

amarthritis (am-ar-thri'-tis) [ana, together; apdpov,
a joint; itis, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting
many, or several joints at once.

amarum (am-a'-rum) [see amara]. 1. A bitter.
2. Magnesium sulphate, a., genuine, magnesium
sulphate, a. purum, any simple bitter.

amarylism (am'-ar-il-izm) [see amaril]. Yellow
fever.

amasesis (ah-mas-e'-sis) [a, priv.; fxaaritns, chew-
ing]. Inability to chew.

amasthenic (am-as-then'-ik) [ap.a, together; adkvos,
strength]. Uniting the chemical rays of light in a
focus, as a lens.

amastia (ah-mas'-li-ah) [a, priv.; (ia<rr6s, breast].
Congenital absence of the mammae or nipples.

amativeness (am'-at-iv-nes) [amare, to love]. The
sexual passion.

amatory (am'-at-o-re) [amator, a lover]. Pertaining
to love. a. fever, love-sickness; chlorosis, a.
muscles, the oblique muscles of the eye, used in
ogling.

amaurosis (am-au-ro'-sis) [anavpoeiv, to darken].
Partial or total blindness, especially that occurring
without demonstrable lesion of the eye. Syn.,
paropsis amaurosis; gutta serena; cataracta nigra.
a., albuminuric, that due to renal disease, a. arthri-
tica, that due to gout. a. atonica, that due to
physical debility, a. centralis, that due to disorder
of the central nervous system, a., cerebral, that
due to disease of the brain, a. compressionis,
cerebral amaurosis caused by pressure upon the
optic nerve, a., congenital, that existing from birth.
•a. congestiva, that due to cerebral congestion.
a., diabetic, that associated with diabetes, a. dimi-
diate, that occurring in only one half of the visual
field, a., epileptiform, a., epileptoid, sudden blind-
ness not confined to epileptics, but considered by
some to be epileptic in its nature. Dilatation of the
retinal veins has been noted, but no "changes in the
retinal arteries have been observed. Syn., retinal
epilepsy; ophthalmemicrania. a. ex haemorrhagia,
a. ex hyperopsia, an incurable, inexplicable blindness
occurring suddenly after hemorrhages, especially of
the stomach. a., hysterical, that accompanying
hysteria, a. intermittens larvata, a blindness, often
unilateral, occurring with mild intermittent fever,
which is frequently followed by atrophy of the optic
nerve, a., intermittent, bilateral amaurosis occur-
ring as a complication of intermittent fever. It
usually begins with the chill and continues until the
sweating stage, a., progressive, the progressive
atrophy of the intraocular optic nerve-endings.
a., reflex, that resulting from a reflex action upon the
optic nerve from some remote source of irritation.
a., saburral, sudden temporary blindness occurring
in an attack of acute gastritis, a., spasmodic,
blindness due to convulsions, a., spinal, that caused
by atrophy of the optic nerve, due to lateral or
multiple sclerosis. Syn., rachialgic amaurosis, a.

AMAUROTIC

44

AMEBIC

sympathica, a., sympathetic, functional disorder of
one eye from reflex transmission of disease of the
other eye. a., uremic, that due to uremia.

amaurotic (am-au-rot'-ik) [see amaurosis]. Re-
lating to or affected with amaurosis, a. cat's-eye,
a light-reflex through the pupil in suppurative
choroiditis.

amaxophobia (am-aks-o-fo'-be-ah) [6.tia£a, a car;
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread of being in, or riding
upon, a car or wagon.

amazia (ah-ma'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; fj.a£6s, the breast].
Congenital absence of the mammary gland.

Ambard's coefficient (ohm-bar') [Leo Ambard,
French physician]. For estimating renal activity: it
shows the relation between the amount of urea in
the blood and that excreted by the kidneys.

K =

Ur

V-Txf

Ur =the quantity of urea in a liter of blood; D =the
total urea excreted in 24 hours; C =the amount of
urea in the urine; P=the weight of the patient in
kilograms.

amber (am'-ber). See succinum.

ambergris (am'-ber-gris) [amber; Fr., gris, gray].
A biliary or intestinal concretion of the sperm-whale,
Physeter macrocephalus. It exhales a fragrant,
musky odor when warmed, and is used in adynamic
fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. Dose
1-3 gr- (0.065-0.2 Gm.).

ambidexter (am-be-deks'-ter) [ambo, both; dexter,
the right hand]. An ambidextrous person.

ambidexterity (am-be-deks-ier'-it-e). Ability to
use both hands equally well; ambidextrousness.

ambidextrous (am-be-deks'-trus) [see ambidexter].
Able to use both hands equally well.

ambilateral (am-be-lat'-er-al) [ambo, both; latus,
side]. Relating to or affecting both sides.

ambilevous (am-be-le'-vus) [ambo, both; Icevus, on
the left side]. Unskilful in the use of both hands.

ambiopia (am-bi-o'-pe-ah). See diplopia.

ambitus (am'-bit-us) [ambire, to surround]. A
circumference, a. cerebelli, Burdach's term for the
cerebellum, pons, and oblongata taken together.

ambloma (am-blo'-mah) [a.fj.p\ufia, an abortion:
pi., amblomata]. An amblosis or abortion; an
aborted fetus.

amblosis (am-blo'-sis) [afi@\o)<ns, an abortion].
An abortion.

amblotic (am-blot'-ik) [&hP\wti.k6s]. Abortifacient.

amblyaphia (am-ble-a'-fe-ah) [&nfi\vs, dull; &4>rj,
touch]. Dulness of the sense of touch.

amblygeustia (am-ble-jus'-te-ah) [&m/SXus, dull;
7e0<7«, taste]. A diminution or blunting of the
sense of taste.

amblyope (am'-ble-op). A person affected with
amblyopia.

amblyopia (am-ble-o'-pe-ah) [&nfl\vs, dulled; &\p,
eye]. Dimness of vision, especially that not due to
refractive errors or organic disease of the eye. It
may be congenital or acquired, the acquired being .
due to the use of tobacco (amblyopia nicotinica),
alcohol, or other toxic influences; to traumatism; or it
may be hysterical. Nyctalopia and hemeralopia are
other forms; it may arise from entoptic phenomena,
such as muscce volitantes, micropsia, megalopsia,
metamorphopsia, etc. It may take the form of
contracted fields of vision, of color-blindness, or anes-
thesia of the retina. Syn., obfuscatio; offuscatio.
a., crossed, a. cruciata, amblyopia occurring through
lesion of the brain, in which a dimness of vision
with contraction of the field of vision exists in the
eye on the side opposite to the lesion, a. ex anopsia,
amblyopia from disuse or from nonuse. a., post-
marital, that due to sexual excess, called also Burn's
amaurosis.

amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o-pe-at'-riks) [amblyopia;
larpiKos, belonging to medicine]. The therapeutics
of amblyopia.

amblyoscope (am'-ble-os-kop) [amblyopia; aKoirelv,
to look]. An instrument by means of which an
amblyopic eye is trained to take its share in vision.

ambo (am' -bo). See ambon.

amboceptoid (am-bo-sep'-toid). A degenerated
amboceptor which has lost its binding group (hapto-
phore) on the one hand for the cell, or, on the other
hand, for the complement.

amboceptor (am-bo-sep'-tor) [ambo, both; caper er
to receive]. A hypothetical thermostabile substance
found in blood-serum after inoculation. It possesses-
two haptophore groups, viz., a cytophile and a com-
plementophile. Synonyms: immune body, repara-
tive, sensitizer, desmon, fixative^ fixator, philocytase,
receptor of the third order, a. unit, the smallest quan-
tity of amboceptor in the presence of which a given
quantity of red blood corpuscles will be dissolved
by an excess of complement.

amboceptorgen (am-bo-sep'-tor-jen). An antigen
giving rise to amboceptors.

ambon (am'-bon) [anfiuv, the lip of a cup]. The
fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds a socket in
which the head of a large bone is received, such as the
acetabulum, or the glenoid cavity.

ambos (am'-bos) [Ger.]. The incus, or anvil bone.

Amboyna button (am-boi'-nah but'-un). See fram-
besia.

ambra (am'-bra) [L.]. 1. Amber. 2. Ambergris.
3. Spermaceti, a. alba. 1. Spermaceti. 2. A light-
colored amber obtained in Brazil, a. atra, see o.
nigra, a. cineracea, a. cineria, a. cineritia, see
ambergris, a. flava, a. fulva, see succinum. a.
grisea, see ambergris, a. nigra, general name, for any
dark-colored amber or ambergris or dark, resinous
substance; also lignite and jet.

ambrein (am'-bre-in) [Fr., ambre], A substance
much resembling cholesterin; it is obtained from
ambergrisby digestion in hot alcohol.

ambrosia (am-bro'-zhe-ah) [dpi/3poaia, the food of
the gods]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs.
A. artemisicefolia, common hog-weed of North
America; stimulant, tonic, antiperiodic, and astrin-
gent. A. trifida has properties similar to A. artemi-
sicefolia. The pollen of these plants is by some
regarded as a cause of hay-fever.

ambulance (am'-bu-lans) [ambulare, to walk about].
1. In Europe the term is applied to the surgical
staff and arrangements of an army in service. 2. In
the United States the word is restricted to a vehicle
for the transference of the sick or wounded from one
place to another. 3. In Europe a portable military
hospital and its. equipments accompanying the army
in its movements, a. chaser, a "shyster" lawyer
who drums up accident damage cases against firms
and corporations.

ambulant, ambulating, ambulatory (am'-bu-lantr
am' -bu-la-ting, am'-bu-la-to-re). Relating to walking
or changing location; not conned to bed. a. blister,
a blister that changes its location, a. clinic, a clinic
for patients that can walk; a dispensary, a. ery-
sipelas, erysipelas that shifts from place to place.
a. tumor, a pseudotumor, a. typhoid, walking
typhoid; enteric fever in which the patient does not,,
or will not, take to his bed.

ambulatorium (am-bu-la-to'-re-um) [L.]. A dis-
pensary.

ambustial (am-bust'-she-al) [amburere, to scorch].
Caused by a burn.

ambustion (am-bus'-chun) [ambustio, a burn].
A burn or scald.

ameba, amoeba (am-e'-bah) [ktioifiii, a change].
A colorless, single-celled, jelly-like, protoplasmic
organism found in sea and fresh waters, constantly
undergoing changes of form and nourishing itself
by englobing surrounding objects, a. bucca'lis,
found in dental caries, a. coli, the ameba of dysen-
tery. This is a protoplasmic mass, resembling the
water ameba, 20 to 30 m in diameter, and composed
of a nucleus and a highly granular protoplasm con-
taining vacuoles. It is found in large numbers in
the stools of certain forms of dysentery, in the
intestinal mucous membrane, and at times in the
socalled dysenteric abscess of the liver. Whether
it is the real cause of the disease is not definitely
established, a. dysenter'iae, the organism responsible
for amebic dysentery, a.-enteritis, chronic enteritis
due to invasion of amceba coli. a. gingivals, one
species found about the gums. a. histolyt'ica, same
as the a. dysenteries.

amebaphobia (am-e-bah-fo'-be-ah) [ameba; <f>6f}ost
fear]. A morbid fear of becoming infected with
amebae.

amebiasis (am-e-bi'-as-is). The state or condition
of being_ infected with amebae.

amebic (am-e'-bik) [see ameba]. Pertaining to or
characterized by amebae. a. dysentery, dysentery
associated with the presence in the bowel of amceba
coli.

AMEBICIDE

45

AMINE

amebicide (am-e'-bis-td) [ameba; cadere, to kill],
i. Destructive of amebae. 2. A remedy that
•destroys ameba?.

amebiform (am-e'-be-form). See ameboid.

amebism, amcebism, amebaism, amoebaism (amr-
e-bizm, atn-e' -ba-izm) . A pathological condition due
to the invasion of the system by amebae.

amebocyte (am-e'-bo-slt). A leukocyte.

ameboid (am-e'-boid) [ameba; elSos, resemblance].
1. Resembling an ameba in form or in movement,
as the white blood-cells. 2. In bacteriology, of
•cultures which assume various shapes.

amebula, amoebula (am-e'-bu-lah). A merozoite
having the power of ameboid movement.

ameburia (am-e-bu'-re-ah). The occurrence of
amebae in the urine.

ameleia (am-el-i'-ah) [dpeXeia, indifference]. Mor-
bid apathy; indifference.

amelia (ah-me'-le-ah) [&, priv.; p.e\os, limb].
Congenital absence of the limbs.

amelification (am-el-if-ik-a'-shun). The formation
of the enamel of the teeth by means of the enamel
cells — ameloblast3.

amelioration (am-el-yo-ra'-shun) [ad, to; melior,
better]. Improvement.

ameloblast (am-el' -o-blast) [Anglo-French, amel,
enamel; /3Xao-r6s, a germ]. An enamel-cell, one of
the cylindrical cells covering the papilla of the enamel
organ of the teeth, and forming a beautifully regular
epithelial layer that produces the enamel.

amelus (am'-el-us) [&, priv.; jueXos, limb]. A
monstrosity without limbs.

amenia (ah-me' -ne-ah). See amenorrhea.

amenomania {am-en-o-ma' -ne-ah) [amaznus, agree-
able; tiavia., madness]. A mild form of mania in
which the symptoms are manifested under the form
of gaiety, fondness of dress, exaggeration of social
condition, etc.; a cheerful, or joyous delirium; a
morbid elevation of the spirits.

amenorrhea, amenorrhcea (ah-men-or-e' -ah) [a,
priv.; firiv, month; peiv, to flow]. Abnormal absence
of menstruation. Syn., paramenia obstructionist
amenia. a., ovarian, a., radical, that due to nono-
vulation. a., physiologic, absence of menstruation
during pregnancy, a., primitive, a term applied
to those cases in which the catamenia have not
appeared at the proper time, a., secondary, that
in which the discharge has been arrested after it
has existed during the reproductive period.

amenorrhea! {ah-men-or-e' -al) [see amenorrhea}.
Pertaining to amenorrhea.

ament (am'-ent) [ab, from; mens, mentis, the mind].
A person affected with amentia; an idiot.

amentia (ah-men'-she-ah) [&, priv.; mens, mind].
Defective intellect; idiocy.

amenyl (am'-en-il). Methylhydrastimide. It is a
vasodilator and is used as an emmenagogue. Dose
gr. I (0.05 gm.) twice daily.

amerism (am'-er-izm) [d, priv.; pkpos, a part].
The quality or condition of not dividing into seg-
ments or fragments.

ameristic (ah-mer-is'-tik) [a, priv.; ptepos, a part].
Not segmented.

amesiality (ah-me-ze-al'-it-e). The throwing of a
part, as the pelvis, to one side of the mesial line of
the figure.

ametabolic (ah-met-ab-ol'-ik) [L, priv.; p.era^6\os,
changeable]. Not due to, or causing, or undergoing,
metabolism.

ametamorphosis (ah-met-ah-mor' -jo-sis) [a, priv.;
fierafiop^aiais, change]. The absence of metamor-
phosis.

ametria (ah-met'-re-ah) [&, priv.; Mrpa, womb].
1. Congenital absence of the uterus. 2. [&, priv.;
likrpov, a measure.] Immoderation; asymmetry.

ametrohemia, ametroheemia (ah-met-ro-he' -me-ah)
[a, priv.; tirirpa, womb; alp.a, blood]. A defective
uterine blood-supply.

ametrometer (ah-met-rom'-et-er) [&, priv.; \ikrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for measuring ametropia.

ametrope (ah'-met-rop) [a, priv.; p.krpov, a measure;
6\pts, sight]. An individual affected with ametropia.

ametropia (ah-met-ro'-pe-ah) [a, priv.; ukrpov, a
measure; o\pis, sight]. The condition when an
imperfect image is formed upon the retina, due to
defective refractive power of the media or to ab-
normities of form of the eye. In myopia the antero-
posterior diameter is too great or the power of the
refractive media is too great; hyperopia (or hyper-
metropia) is the exact reverse; astigmatism is due to

imperfect curvature of the cornea or of the retina,
or to inequality of refracting power in different parts
of the lens; presbyopia is due to inelasticity of the
lens, producing insufficient accommodation; aphakia,
or absence of the lens, produces both insufficient
refracting power and loss of accommodation.

ametropic (ah-met-rop'-ik) [see ametropia]. Af-
fected with or pertaining to ametropia.

ametrous (ah-met'-rus) [&, priv.; p-vrpa, womb].
Lacking a uterus.

arnianthinopsy (am-e-an-thin-op'-se) [&, priv.;
lavdivos, violet-colored; fyis, sight]. Violet-blind-
ness; incapacity to distinguish violet rays.

amic (am'-ik) [ammonia]. Pertaining to or having
the nature of ammonia, or of an amine.

Amici's disc, A.'s stria. See Krause's disc.

amicrobic (ah-mi-kro'-bik) [&, priv.; microbion,
microbe]. Not due to, or associated with, microbes.

amicron (ah-mik'-ron) [&, priv.; p.Upov, small].
A particle which is too small to be observed with the
ultramicroscope.

amicroscopic (ah-mi-kro-skop'-ik). Too small to
be observed by the ultramicroscope.

amide (am' -id) [ammonia]. A chemical compound
produced by the substitution of an acid radical for
one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia.
The amides are primary, secondary, or tertiary,
according as 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen atoms have been so
replaced. They are white, crystalline solids, often
capable of combining with both acids and bases,
a., acid. 1. An amido-acid. 2. An amide as dis-
tinguished from amine or alkamide. a., allophanic,
see biuret, a. bases, see amine, primary.

amidine (am'-id-in) [Fr., amidon, starch]. 1.
Starch altered by heat into a horny, transparent
mass; soluble starch; the part of starch that is
soluble in water. 2. [ammonia.] One of a class of
monacid bases produced from the nitrites by heating
with ammonium chloride. In the free condition
they are quite unstable. They contain the group
C . NH . NH2.

amido- (am'-id-o). A prefix denoting a chemical
compound containing the univalent radical NH2.

amidoacetic acid (am-id-o-as-e'-tik). See glycocoll
and glycin.

amidoacetophenetidin (am-id-o-as-et-o-fe-net'-id-in)
See phenocoll.

amidoacid (am-id-o-as'-id) [ammonia; acetum,
vinegar]. An acid containing the amido-group NH2.

amidoazotoluol (am-id-o-az-o-toV -u-ol) . A reddish-
brown powder, allied to scarlet-red; it is soluble in
alcohol, ether, and fatty oils, but is insoluble in
water. It is used as an ointment to promote the
growth of epithelium on granulating surfaces.

amidobenzene, amidobenzol (am-i-do-ben'-zen,
-zol). See aniline.

amidocaffeine (am-id-o-kaf'-e-in) , CsH9(NH2)N40.
Fine acicular crystals obtained by heating brom-
caffeine with alcoholic ammonia.

amidocaproic acid. Same as leucin.

amidogen (am-id'-o-jen) [amide; yewav, to pro-
duce]. The hypothetical univalent radical, NH2,
replacing one atom of H in amido-compounds. See
amide.

amidoguaiacol (am-id-o-gwi'-ak-ol). A product of
acetoanisidin by nitration and reduction. It melts
at 1840 C. The salts are employed in the preparation
of colors and medicines.

amidosuccinamic acid (am-id-o-suk-sin-am'-ik).
Same as asparagin.

amidosulphonal (am-id-o-suV -fon-al) . Amidoace-
tone ethyldisulphone, a sedative.

amidoxim, or amidoxime (am-id-oks'-im). A sub-
stance derived from an amidine (2) by the substi-
tution of an OH group for an atom of hydrogen.

arnidulin (am-id' -u-lin) [see amidine]. Soluble
starch; prepared by the action of H2SO4 on starch,
thus removing the starch-cellulose.

amimia (ah-mim'-i-ah) [&, priv.; p.Tfios, a mimic].
Loss of the power of imitation or of making gestures.

amine, amin (am' -in) [ammonia]. The amines are
chemical compounds produced by the substitution
of a basic atom or radical for one or more of the
hydrogen atoms of ammonia, or basic derivatives of
carbon, containing nitrogen and viewed as ammonia
derivatives. They are called monamines, diamines,
triamines, etc., according to the number of amidogen
molecules, NH2, substituted for H. a., primary,
an amine in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by
a univalent alkyl. a., secondary, an amine in which

AMINO-

46

AMMONIUM

two hydrogen atoms are replaced by univalent
alkyls. a., tertiary, an amine in which three hydrogen
atoms are replaced by univalent alkyls.

amino-. A prefix denoting a chemical compound
containing the univalent radical NH2. a.-acid, an
organic acid in which one of the hydrogen atoms is
replaced by NH2.

aminoform (am-in'-o-farm). See urotropin.

aminol (am'-in-ol) [amine]. A gaseous substance
derived from the methylamine of herring-brine
mixed with milk of lime. It is disinfectant, and has
been used in the purification of sewage.

aminopurin (am-in-o-pu'-rin). Any compound
derived from purin by substitution of one of the
hydrogen atoms by the amino group, NH2; adenin.

aminosuria (am-in-o-su'-re-ah) [amine; ovpov, urine].
The presence of amines in the urine when voided.

amitosis (ah-mit-o'-sis) [&, priv.; /uros, a thread].
Cell-multiplication by direct division or simple
cleavage.

amitotic (ah-mit-ot'-ik) [see amitosis]. Of the
nature of, or characterized by, amitosis. a. cell-
division, direct cell-division, as distinguished from
karyokinesis.

amma (am' -ah) [a/xna, a tie: pi., ammata]. A
truss or girdle for hernia.

ammeter (am'-et-er) [ampere; iierpov, a measure].
A form of galvanometer in which the value of the
current is measured directly in amperes.

ammic (am'-ik). See ammoniacum.

ammism (am'-izm) [ap-p-os, sand]. Ammotheraphy ;
psammism.

ammonemia (am-o-ne'-me-ah). The supposed
presence of ammonium carbonate in the blood.

ammonia (am-o'-ne-ah) [from the name of Jupiter
Ammon, from the neighburhood of whose temple in
Libya ammonium chloride was obtained]. A color-
less, pungent gas, NH3, very soluble in water. The
preparations of ammonia are used as antacids and as
gastric and cardiac stimulants, in headache, hysteria,
etc. It is a stimulant to the heart, and, in its elimi-
nation through the lungs, stimulates and liquefies
the bronchial secretion, ammoniae, aqua (U. S. P.),
water of ammonia, a solution containing 10 % of
the gas in water. Dose 5 min.-§ dr. (0.3-2.0 Cc),
well diluted, ammonias, aqua, fortior (U. S. P.),
contains 28 % of the gas in solution, ammoniae,
linimentum (U. S. P.), ammonia-water, 35; cotton-
seed oil, 60; alcohol, 5 %• ammoniae, spiritus (U.
S. P.), a 10 % solution of ammonia-water in alcohol.
Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc), diluted, am-
moniae, spiritus, aromaticus (U. S. P.), aromatic
spirit of ammonia, an alcoholic solution of ammonium
carbonate flavored with lemon, lavender, and pi-
menta. Dose 5-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

ammoniac (am-o'-ne-ak). 1. See ammoniacum.
2. Relating to ammonia. 3. Relating to ammoni-
acum.

ammoniacal (am-o-ni' -ak-al) [ammonia]. Con-
taining or relating to ammonia.

ammoniacum (am-o-ni'-ak-um) [ammonia]. Am-
moniac. A gum obtained from a Persian plant,
Dorema ammoniacum. It is a stimulating expec-
torant and laxative, resembling asafetida, employed
in chronic bronchial affections. Dose 10-30 gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). ammoniaci cum hydrargyro,
emplastrum, ammoniac, 72; mercury, 18 %, with
sulphur, acetic acid, and oil, q. s. ammoniaci,
emplastrum, 100 parts of ammoniac digested with
140 parts of acetic acid, diluted, strained, and
evaporated, ammoniaci, emulsum, a 4 % emulsion
in water. Dose ?-i oz. (15-30 Cc).

ammoniameter (am-o-ne-am' -et-er) [ammonia;
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for testing the
strength of ammonia solutions.

ammoniated (am-o' -ne-a-ted) [ammonia]. Com-
bined with ammonia.

ammoniemia, or ammoniaemia (am-o-ne-e' -me-ah)
[ammonia; alpa, blood]. The theoretical decom-
position of urea in the blood, yielding ammonium
compounds. ,

ammonin (am'-o-nin). A soda deposit used in the
making of soap.

ammonionitrometry (am-o-ne-o-ni-trom'-et-re) [am-
monium; nitrogen; perpov, a measure]. An analytic
method of estimating separately the amount of
ammonia, nitrogen, and nitric acid contained in a
compound.

ammonium (am-o'-ne-um) [ammonia]. A hypo-
thetic univalent alkaline base, having the compo-

sition NH4. It exists only in combination, a.
acetate, solution of (liquor ammonii acetatis, U. S. P.),
spirit of Mindererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized
with ammonia. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (3.75-30.0 Cc).
a. anacardate, an ammonium compound of the
resinous acids of cashew-nut. It is a doughy mass,
soluble in alcohol, and used as a hair-dye. a. arse-
nate, (NH4)2HAs04. It is used as an alterative in
skin diseases. Dose \ gr. (0.03 Gm.), gradually
increased, 3 times daily, a. benzoate (ammonii
benzoas, U. S. P.), NH4C7H5O2. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.32-1.0 Gm.). a. bisulphate, NH4HSO4. Dose
10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a. bisulphite, NH4HSO3.
It is antiseptic and used internally in fermentative
dyspepsia, externally in skin diseases. Dose 10-30
gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a. bitartrate, NEUHC4H4O6, a
white, crystalline acid powder. It is used in the
manufacture of baking-powder, a. borate, 2(NH4-
HB2O4) +3H2O, used in renal colic; in combination
with codeine it is used in tuberculosis of the lungs.
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.) every hour in water
with licorice, a. borobenzoate, an intestinal anti-
septic, a. bromide (ammonii bromidum, U. S. P.),
NIHUBr, used in epilepsy, cough, and rheumatism.
Dose 10 gr.-§ dr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a. carbamate,
NH4NH2CO2, a white, crystalline, volatile powder,
stimulant, a reaction-product of carbon dioxide and
ammonia gas. Syn., ammonium carbonate anhydrine.
a. carbazotate, see a. picrate. a. carbolate, C6H5O .-
NH4, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 2-6 gr. (0.13-
0.4 Gm.). Syn., ammonium phenate; ammonium
phenylate. a. carbonate (ammonii carbonas, U. S. P.),
C2H11N3O5, a compound of ammonium and carbonic
acid. It is a stimulant expectorant and cardiac
stimulant. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). a.
chloride (ammonii chloridum, U. S. P.), NH4CI, sal
ammoniac, is used in bronchitis, rheumatism, and
liver disease. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.).
a. chloride, troches of (trochisci ammonii chloridi,
U. S. P.), each lozenge contains 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) of
the salt. a. embelate, the ammonium salt of em-
bellic acid, NH4C9H13O2. It is a teniacide. Dose
for children 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.); for adults 6 gr. (0.4
Gm.). a. fluoride, used in enlargement of the
spleen. Dose & — \ gr. (0.003-0.032 Gm.). It is
recommended in dyspeptic flatulence, 16 gr. (1 Gm.)
dissolved in 10 oz. (300 Cc.) of distilled water;
1 tablespoonful after each meal. a. formate, NH4-
CHO2, used in chronic paralysis. Dose 5 gr. (0.32
Gm.). a. glycerinophosphate, (NH4)2P04CsHb(OH)?,
soluble in water. It is used in neurasthenia, Addi-
son's disease, etc. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.)
several times daily, a. glycyrrhizate, an expectorant.
a. hypophosphite, NH4PH2O2+H2O, white, laminate
crystals, soluble in water. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-
2.0 Gm.) 3 times daily, a. iodide (ammonii iodidum,
U. S. P.), NH4I. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.).
a. nitrate, NH4NO3, used in preparing nitrous oxide.
a. persulphate, (NH4)2S20s, colorless crystals, soluble
in water with turbidity. It is a disinfectant and
deodorizer. Application, 0.5 to 2 % solution.
a. phosphate, (NH4)2HP04. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-
1.3 Gm.). a. phosphate, dibasic, (NHU^HPCu.
Used in rheumatism and gout. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.32-1.3 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in § oz. water.
a. picrate, CsHsCNKUXNCfeJsO, a salt in yellow
needles, of bitter taste; like other picrates, it is
explosive, and must be handled with care. It is
antipyretic and antiperiodic, and tends to correct
gastric disturbances. Dose 5 gr- (0.32 Gm.)_in 24
hours. Syn., Ammonium carbazotate. a. salicylate
(ammonii salicylas, U. S. P./, NH4C7II5O3, an anti-
rheumatic, antipyretic germicide and expectorant.
Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). a. silicofluoride,
2NH4F. SiF4, an energetic antiseptic and recon-
stituent. It is used by inhalation in diseases of the
nose and throat. a. succinate, (NBU^BUOm;
recommended, 1 part in 120 parts of water, as a
specific in colic. Dose 1 tablespoonful every 15
minutes, a. sulphate, (NH.4)2S04, used in the
preparation of other ammonium salts, a. sulphite,
(NH4)2SG3, an antiseptic used in fermentative dyspep-
sia. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). Applied ex-
ternally in skin diseases, 1 part in 10 parts of water.
a. sulphocarbolate, NH4C6H4HSO4, antiseptic. Dose
i-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 Gm.). a. sulphoricinate, brown,
ointment-like masses, soluble in alcohol and water.
It is antiseptic and deodorant, and applied in 20 %
solution in skin diseases or on ulcerated mucous mem-
branes, a. tartrate, (NH4)2C4H40e, clear crystals,

AMMONIURIA

47

AMPHEMEROS

soluble in water. It is an expectorant. Dose 5-30
gr. (0.3-2.0 Gm.). a. thiosulphate, (NH4)2S203,
soluble in water; antiseptic. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.3-
2.0 Gm.) in water, a. tungstate, fine white crystal-
line powder or needles, soluble in water, a. urate,
(XH4)CoH3N403, white crystalline powder, slightly
soluble in water. It is antiseptic and used in 4 %
ointment in chronic eczema. Ammonium urate
occurs in alkaline urine and at times in urinary
calculi, a. valerate, NH4C5H9O2, is used as a sedative
in hysteria. _ Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.).

ammoniuria (am-o-ne-u' -re-ah) [ammonia; ovpov,
urine]. A condition marked by excess of ammonia
in the urine.

Amnion's fissure (am'-on) [Friedrich Agust von
Ammon, German ophthalmologist. 1 799-1 861].
A pyriform fissure, occurring during the early fetal
period in the lower portion of the sclerotic coat of
the eye. A.'s operation. 1. Blepharoplasty ; re-
moval of all cicatricial tissue and freeing of the
remains of the lid, followed by transplantation of a
flap from the cheek. 2. For destruction of the
lacrimal sac; incision into, and excision of, a portion
of the anterior wall of the sac; closure by adhesive
inflammation. 3. For ectropion (from caries) ; an
incision is made around the cicatrix, the tissues are
dissected free, and after closing the lid the wound is
closed over the cicatrix. 4. For symblepharon; the
lid is divided by two converging incisions, into
three portions — two lateral and a central wedge-
shaped portion; the former are united by sutures,
and after union the central, wedge-shaped part is
dissected out. A.'s posterior scleral protuberance,
a variety of posterior ectasia of the sclera of the eye.

Amnion's horn (am'-on) [Ammon, an Egyptian
deity, represented with a ram's head]. The hippo-
campus major of the brain.

ammonol (am'-on-ol), C6H5NH2. A proprietary
remedy said to be ammoniated phenylacetamide;
pale-yellow crystals, said to be analgesic and anti-
pyretic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). a. sali-
cylate, a remedy for headache. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.).

ammotherapy (am-o-ther'-a-pe) [ap.p.os, sand; 0ep-
aireveiv, to heal]. The use of sand-baths in the
treatment of disease.

amnemonic (am-ne-mon'-ik) [a, priv.; fivrniovucfc,
relating to the memory]. Accompanied by or
resulting in impairment of the memory.

amnesia (am-ne' -se-ah) [anv-no-la, forge tfulness] .
Loss of memory, especially of the ideas represented
by words, a., auditory, word-deafness, a., retro-
anterograde, a perversion of memory in which recent
events are referred to a far-removed past, while the
occurrences of the remote past seem recent, a.,
retrograde, loss of memory for incidents and events
which occurred a shorter or longer time before the
attack of the disease. Besides that which may
result from severe infectious disease or from epilepsy,
it may be due to trauma or to hysteria, a., visual,
word-blindness, or inability to recognize printed or
written words.

amnesic (am-ne'-sik). Relating to amnesia, a.
aphasia, see amnesia.

amnestia (am-nes'-te-ah) [a/xpqoreia, forge tfulness].
Amnesia. _

amnestic (am-nes'-tik) [anv^arda, forgetfulness].
1. Amnesic. 2. Causing amnestia.

amnia (am'-ne-ah) [anvlov, a young lamb]. Plural
of amnion, q. v.

amnial (am'-ne-al). See amniotic.

amniochorial (am-ne-o-ko'-re-al) [amnion; xopiov,
a membrane]. Pertaining to both amnion and
chorion.

amnioclepsis (am-ne-o-klep'-sis) [anvlov, amnion;
KXeirrelv, to steal away]. The slow and unnoticed
escape of the liquor amnii.

amniocleptic, amnioclepticous (am-ne-o-klep'-tik,
-us) [amnion; K\eirrelv, to steal away]. Relating to
the unmarked escape of the liquor amnii.

amnion (am'-ne-on) [anvlov, a young lamb]. The
innermost of the fetal membranes; it is continuous
with the fetal epidermis at the umbilicus, forming a
complete sheath for the umbilical cord and a sac or
bag in which the fetus is inclosed. It contains one or
two pints of liquor amnii. It is a double, non-
vascular membrane, the inner layer or sac derived
from the epiblast, the outer from the mesoblast.
The cavity of the inner folds is called the true amnion,
that of the outer, the false. Syn., agnina membrana;
agnina pellicula; membrana agnina; agnina tunica;

abgas; abghas. a., dropsy of, excessive secretion of
liquor amnii.

amnionic (am-ne-on'-ik) [amnion]. Relating to
the amnion.

amniorrhea (am-ne-o-re'-ah) [amnion; pola, a flow].
The discharge of the liquor amnii.

amnios (am'-ne-os). 1. The liquor amnii. 2. The
amnion.

amniota (am-ne-o'-tah) [anvlov, a young lamb].
Animals with an amnion and allantois, comprising
mammals, birds, and reptiles. Those without an
amnion are called anamnia.

amniotic (am-ne-of -ik) [amnion]. Relating to the
amnion, a. cavity, the sac of the amnion, a. fluid,
the liquor amnii. See amnion.

amniotitis (am-ne-o-W -tis) [ap.vlov, a young
lamb; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
amnion.

amniotome (am' -ne.-o-tom) [ap.vlov, a young lamb;
tout), a cut]. An instrument for puncturing the fetal
membranes.

amnitis (am-ni'-tis). Same as amniotitis.

amoeba (am-e'-bah). See ameba.

amcebiasis (am-e-bi'-as-is). See amebiasis.

amcebiform. Same as ameboid.

amcebism, amceboism. See amebism.

amoeboid (am-e'-boid). See ameboid.

amcebula. See amebula.

amok, amuck (am-okf, a-muk') [A Malay word
denoting "an impulse to murder."]. In a
state of murderous frenzy; in Oriental regions
persons, mostly hashish eaters, often attack and kill
those whom they meet while in a state of wild fury.
In some cases the infuriated persons take this method
of seeking death, for they are shot down at
sight.

Amomum (am-o'-mum) [afiunov, an Eastern spice
plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous plants to which
the cardamom (A. cardamomum) and "grains of
paradise" (A. granum paradisi) belong.

amor (am'-or) |L.]. Love. a. insanus, see
erotomania, a. sui, love of self; vanity, a. veneris,
Columbus' term for the clitoris.

amorpha (ah-morf'-ah) [a, priv.; m°p<M. shape].

1. A cutaneous eruption having no definite form.

2. A macula. 3- Apparent diseases in which no
lesions can be discovered. 4. Intertrigo, a. in-
fantilis, a. lactantium, infantile intertrigo, a. vul-
garis, intertrigo.

amorphia (ah-mor'-fe-ah) [see amorpha]. Shape-
less condition.

amorphinism (ah-mor'-fin-izm) [&, priv.; morphine].
The condition resulting from the withdrawal of
morphine from one habituated to the drug.

amorphism (ah-mor'-fizm) [see amorpha]. The
state of being amorphous or without shape; want of
crystalline structure.

amorphous (ah-mor'-fus) Lsee amorpha]. Form-
less; shapeless; not crystalline.

amorphus (ah-mor'-fus) [a, priv.; nop<f>v< a form].
An acardiacus without head or extremities. See
also anideus. a. globulus, see anideus.

amotio (am-o'-she-o) [L.]. A detachment, a.
retina?. See ablatio retina.

amp. Abbreviation for ampere.

ampelopsin (am-pel-op'-sin). A tonic extract
made from Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Virginia creeper.

ampelotherapy (am-pel-o-ther'-a-pe) [ap.ire\os, a
grape-vine; depaireveiv, to heal]. The grape-cure
(q. v.).

amperage (am-par'-ahj) [Andre Marie Ampere,
French physicist, 1775-1836]. The number of am-
peres passing in a given circuit.

ampere (am'-par) [see amperage]. A unit of
measurement of an electric current. It is the
electromotive force of one volt produced in a circuit
having one ohm of resistance. A.'s law, same as
Avogadro's law, q. v.

amperemeter (am-par'-me-ter) [ampere; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for estimating the strength
of the current of an electric circuit in amperes.

amphamphoterodiplopia (am-fam-fo-ter-o-dip-lo '-pe-
ak). See amphodiplopia.

ampharkyochrome (am-far-ke'-o-krom). Same as
amphiarkyochrome.

amphauxesis, amphauxis (am-fawks-e'-sis, am-
fawks'-is) [ap.<t>l, around; avfacris, increase]. Growth
or increase by concentric circles. Syn., amphiphya.

amphemeros, amphemerus (am-fem'-er-os, -us).
1. Quotidian. 2. A quotidian fever.

AMPHI-

48

AMPULLA

amphi- (am'-fe) [&p.4>L, around]. A prefix signi-
fying about, on both sides, around, etc., as amphi-
arthrosis, amphibia, etc.

amphiarkyochrome (am-fe-ar'-ke-o-krom) [&n<f>l,
both; apuvs, net; xp&jua. color]. A term applied by
Nissl to a nerve-cell the stainable portion of whose
cell-body is in the form of a pale network, the nodal
points of which are joined by an intensely staining
network.

amphiarthrodial (am-fe-ar-thro'-de-al). Relating,
to amphiarthrosis.

amphiarthrosis (am-fe-ar-thro'-sis) [amphi; apdpov
a joint]. A form of mixed articulation in which the
surfaces of the bones are connected by broad discs
of fibrocartilage or else are covered with fibro-
cartilage and connected by external ligaments. It
is distinguished by limited motion, as, e. g., between
the vertebrae.

amphiaster (am'-fe-as-ter) [amphi-; b.<rri\p, a star].
The figure formed in indirect cell-division by the
achromatin threads and chromatin granules united •
to form the socalled nuclear spindle, together with
the threads of cell-protoplasm radiating from a
rounded clear space at each end of the spindle, known
as the stars or suns.

amphibia (am-fib'-e-ah) [amphi-; /3tos, life]. A
class of the Vertebrata, living both in the water and
upon the land, as the frog, newt, etc.

amphibious (am-fib'-e-us) [see amphibia]. Living
both on land and in water.

amphiblastic (am-fe-blas'-tik) [amphi-; /SXcurros,
a germ]. Pertaining to that form of complete
segmentation that gives rise to an amphiblastula.

amphiblastula (am-fe-blas'-tu-lah) [amphi-; blastula,
dim. of /SAaaros, a germ]. The mulberry-mass or
morula-stage in the development of a holoblastic egg.
It follows the stage known as amphimorula.

amphiblestritis (am-fe-bles-tri'-tis) [ap.cpiP\ri<rTpov,
a net; ir«, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
retina.

amphiblestroid (am-fe-bles'-troid) [&p.<pL^\ri<TTpov,
a net; eldos, form]. Net-like. a. apoplexia, Apo-
plexy of the retina, a. membrane, the retina.

amphibolia (am-fe-bo'-le-ah) [&jt#i/3oXia, uncer-
tainty]. The vacillating period of a fever or disease.

amphibolic (am-fe-bol'-ik) [see amphibolia]. Un-
certain; doubtful. Applied to a period in the febrile
process occurring between the fastigium and the
defervescence, and marked by exacerbations and re-
missions.

amphicelous (am-fe-se'-lus) [ancpi, at both ends;
koZXos, hollow]. In biology, biconcave, as the
center of the vertebrae of fishes.

amphicentric (am-fi-sen'-trik) [&.p.<f>L, both; nkvrpov,
a point]. Originating and ending in the same
vessel.

amphicrania (am-fe-krd'-ne-ah) [amphi-; Kpavlov,
the skull]. Headache affecting both sides of the
head.

amphicreatine {am-fe-kre'-at-in) [amphi-; Kpkaa,
flesh], C7H19N7O4. One of the muscle-leukomaines.
It crystallizes in brilliant oblique prisms of a yel-
lowish-white color, and is faintly basic.

amphicreatinine (am-fe-kre-at'-in-in) [see amphi-
creatin], C9H10N7O4. A member of the creatinin
group of leukomaines derived from muscle.

amphicroic (am-fe-kro'-ik) [amphi-; Kpoveiv, to
test]. Having the power to turn blue litmus-paper
red and red litmus-paper blue.

amphicytula (am-fe-sit'-u-lah) [hp.<pi, on both sides;
kvtos, cell]. The parent cell of an amphiblastic
ovum.

amphidesmic, amphidesmous (am-fe-des'-mik,
-mus) ]a.p.<pL, on both sides; 5e<rp.6s, a bond, a fetter].
Furnished with a double ligament.

amphidiarthrosis (am-fe-di-ar-thro'-sis) [amphi-;
SiapOpuxris, articulation]. A mixed articulation such
as that of the lower jaw, which partakes of the
nature both of amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis.

amphigastrula {am-je-gas'-tru-lah) [b.p.<pl, on both
sides; yao-rrtp, belly]. The gastrula of an amphi-
blastic ovum.

amphigony (am-fig'-o-ne) [amphi-; yovos, offspring].
The sexual process in its broadest sense; gamogenesis.

amphimicrobian (am-fe-mi-kro'-be-an) [amphi-;
p-Lnpos, small; (ilos, life]. Both aerobian and anaero-
bian.

amphimixis (am-fi-miks'-is) [amphi-; pl£is, mixing].
The mingling of two individuals or their germs;
sexual reproduction.

amphimorula (am-fe-mor'-u-lah) [amphi-; morula,
a mulberry]. The morula, or globular mass of
cleavage cells resulting from unequal segmentation,
the cells of the hemispheres being unlike in size.

Ampbioxus (am-fe-oks'-us) [a/x<pl, both; 6£vs,
sharp]. A genus of fishes tapering at both ends,
the lancelet.

amphipyrenin (am-fe-pi'-ren-in) [6.p.<f>i, around;
Trvp-qv, mass]. The nuclear membrane of a cell.

amphismela (am-fis-me'-lah) [ap.<pl, both; nv\i], a
probe]. A double-edged surgical knife.

Amphistoma (am-fis'-to-mah) [amphi-; <rr6p.a,
mouth]. A genus of trematode worms, named from
the mouth-like apparatus at either end, also called
amphistomum. One species, A. hominis, has been
found in the large intestine of man.

amphistomiasis (am-fis-to-mi'-as-is). The condi-
tion of being infested with Amphistoma.

amphitrichous (am-fit'-rik-us) [amphi-; 6pi£, a
hair]. Applied to the type of flagellation in certain
bacteria having a flagellum or flagella single at each
pole.

amphodiplopia (am-fo-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [ap.<pa, both;
SnrXoos, double; &\p, eye]. Double vision affecting
each of the eyes.

amphogenous (am-foj'-en-us). See amphoteric.

amphopeptone (am-fo-pep'-ton). A mixture of
hemipeptone and antipeptone.

amphophil, amphophilous (am'-fo-fil, am-fof -il-us)
[ap.<pa), both; (piKeiv, to love]. Readily stainable
alike with acid and with basic dyes.

amphoric (am-for'-ik) [amphora, a vase with two
handles]. Resembling the sound produced by
blowing across the mouth of a bottle, a. breathing,
breath-sounds with musical quality heard in diseased
conditions of the lung, especially in pulmonary
tuberculosis with cavity-formation, a. resonance,
in auscultation, a metallic sound like that of blowing
into a bottle, caused by the reverberation of sound
in a cavity of the lung. a. respiration, see a. breath'
ing.

amphoricity (am-for-is'-i-te) [amphoric]. The qual-
ity of being amphoric; the giving forth of amphoric
sounds.

amphoriloquy (am-for-il'-o-kwe) [amphoric, loqui, to
speak]. The production of amphoric sounds in
speaking.

amphorophony (am-for-of'-o-ne) [amphoric; <puvr\,
a sound]. An amphoric resonance or sound.

amphoteric, amphoterous (am-fo-ter'-ik, am-fot'-
er-us) [&p.<p6repoL, both of two]. Double-sided;
having the power of altering the color of both red
and blue litmus test-paper; a condition sometimes
presented by the urine, a. elements, elements
whose oxides unite with water, some to form acids,
others to form bases.

amphoterodiplopia (am-fot-er-o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [L.].
Amphodiplopia.

amphotropin (am-fo-tro'-pin). Hexamethylene-
tetramine camphorate ((CH2)6N4)2 . C8Hh(COOH)2.
It acts as a urinary antiseptic, is said to promote
the regeneration of sloughing epithelium, and to
increase diuresis and the elimination of uric acid in
pathological conditions.

amplexation (am-pleks-a'-shun) [amplexatio, an
embrace]. The treatment of a fractured clavicle
by an apparatus that fixes the shoulder and covers a
part of the chest and neck.

amplexus (am-pleks'-us) [L., an embrace]. 1. An
embracing; coitus. 2. Embraced, surrounded.

ampliation (am-ple-a'-shun) [ampliare, to increase].
Dilatation or distention of a part or cavity.

amplification (am-plif-ik-a'-shun) [amplificare, to
enlarge]. 1. In microscopy, increase of the visual
area. 2. Enlargement, as of a diseased organ.

amplifier (am'-ple-fi-er) [see amplification]. An
apparatus used in microscopy for increasing the
magnification. It consists of a diverging lens or
combination placed between the objective and the
ocular, and gives to the image-forming rays from the
objective an increased divergence.

amplitude (am'-ple-tud) [amplus, broad]. The
range or extent, as of vibrations and undulations,
the pulse-wave, etc.

ampoule (am-pool') [see ampulla], A small,
sealed, glass capsule, usually holding one dose of a
hypodermic solution, sterile and ready for use.

ampul {am-pool'). See ampoule.

ampulla (am-pul'-ah) [L., "a Roman wine-jug":
pi., ampulla:]. 1. The trumpet-mouthed or dilated

AMPULLACEOUS

49

AMYGDALA

extremity of a canal, as of the lacrimal canal, the
receptaculum chyli, the Fallopian tubes, mammary
ducts, semicircular canals, vas deferens, etc. 2. A
bulla or blister, a. chyli, the receptaculum chyli.
a. of rectum, the portion above the perineal flexure.
a. vitrea, a glass bottle.

ampullaceous (am-pul-a'-shus). 1. Flask-shaped;
big-bellied; gibbous. 2. Relating to an ampulla.
3. Attended with the formation of bullae or blebs.

ampullar, ampullate (am-pul'-ar, am'-pul-at).
Relating to an ampulla; shaped like an ampulla.

ampullitis (am-pul-i'-tis). Inflammation of an
ampulla, more especially that of the vas deferens.

ampullula (am-puV -u-lah) [dim. of ampulla].
A small ampulla, as in the lymphatic or lacteal

amputation (am-pu-ta'-shun) [amputare, to cut
away]. The removal of a limb or any projecting
part of the body. Amputation may be by the
knife, ligature, or other means, or it may be the
result of pathological processes, as gangrene, constric-
tion (e. g., of the cord in the fetus), a., accidental,
the separation of a limb by some form of accident.
a./aperiosteal, one in which the periosteum is com-
pletely removed from the end of the cut bone or bones.
a., bloodless, one in which there is but slight loss
of blood, on account of the circulation being con-
trolled by mechanical means, a., central, one in
which the scar is situated at or near the center of
the stump, a., circular, that performed by making a
single flap, by circular sweeps of a long knife, through
skin and muscles, in a direction vertical to the long
axis of the limb, a., circular skin-flap, a modification
of the circular, in which the skin-flap is dissected up,
and the muscles divided at a higher level, a., coat-
sleeve, a modification of the circular, in which the
cutaneous flap is made very long, the end being
closed by being gathered together by means of a tape.
a., congenital, amputation of fetal portions, due to
constriction by amniotic bands, a., consecutive,
an amputation during the period of suppuration or
later, a. in contiguity, amputation at a joint.
a. in continuity, amputation of a limb elsewhere
than at a joint, a., cutaneous, one in which the flaps
are composed exclusively of the integuments, a.,
diclastic, one in which the bone is broken with an
osteoclast and the soft tissues divided by means of an
ecraseur. Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and
purulent infection, a., double flap, one in which
two flaps are formed from the soft tissues, a., dry,
see a., bloodless, a., eccentric, one in which the
scar is situated away from the center of the stump.
a., elliptic, one that may be performed by a single
sweep, as in the circular method; the wound, how-
ever, having an elliptic outline, on account of the
oblique direction of the incision, a. of expediency,
one performed for cosmetic effect, a., flap, one in
which one or more flaps are made from the soft
tissues, the division being made obliquely, a., flap-
less, one in which, on account of destruction of the
soft parts, flaps cannot be formed, the wound healing
by granulation, a., galvanocaustic, one in which
the soft parts are divided with the galvanocautery,
followed by division of the bone by the saw. a.,
immediate, one done within 12 hours after the injury,
during the period of shock, a., intermediary, a.,
intermediate, a., intrapyretic, one performed during
the period _ of reaction and before suppuration.
a., intrauterine, see a., congenital, a., major, ampu-
tation of an extremity above the wrist- or ankle-joint.
a., mediate, see a., intermediary, a., mediotarsal.

1. Chopart's amputation. 2. An amputation through
the tarsus, preserving the scaphoid bone, a., minor,
amputation of a small part, as a finger, a., mixed, a
combination of the circular and flap methods, a.,
multiple, amputation of two or more members at the
same time, a., musculocutaneous, one in which
the flaps consist of skin and muscle, a., muscu-
lotegumentary, see a., musculocutaneous, a., natural,
see a., congenital, a., oblique, see a., oval, a.,
osteoplastic, one in which there are section and
apposition of portions of bone in addition to the
amputation, a., oval, a modification of the elliptic,
in which the incision consists of two reversed spirals
instead of the one oblique, a., partial. 1. One in
which but a portion of the extremity is removed.

2. An incomplete congenital amputation, a., patho-
logical, one done for tumor or other diseased condition.
a., primary, one done after the period of shock and
before the occurrence of inflammation, a., racket,

a variety of the oval amputation in which there is a
single longitudinal incision continuous below with
a spiral incision on either side of the limb, a.,
secondary, one performed during the period of
suppuration, a., spontaneous, see a., congenital;
it also occurs in the disease, ainhum. a., sub-
astragalar, a partial amputation of the foot, leaving
only the astragalus, a., subperiosteal, one in the
continuity, the cut end of the bone being covered by
periosteal flaps, a., supracondylar, see Gritti's
operation, a., synchronous, see a., multiple, a.,
tertiary, that performed after the inflammatory
reaction stage has passed, a. by transfixion, one
done by thrusting a long knife completely through a
limb and cutting the flaps from within out.

amuck. See amok.

amusia (ah-mu'-se-ah) [A, priv.; ftovaa, muse].
Loss of the ability to produce or comprehend music
or musical sounds; an abnormity as regards music
analogous to aphasia as regards the faculty of speech.
a., motor, that in which music is understood, but
the power of singing or otherwise reproducing music
is lost, a., sensory, musical deafness, or the loss of
the power of comprehension of musical sounds.

Amussat's operation (am-oo-sah') [Jean Zulema
A mussat, French surgeon. 1796-1856]. 1. A meth-
od of arresting hemorrhage by torsion of the arteries
by means of two forceps. 2. For atresia vagina;
dilatation by the use of the finger or a dull instru-
ment, without cutting. 3. For castration; by in-
cision upon the posterior surface of the scrotum.
4. For enterorrhaphy ; in cases of completely divided
intestine, each end is invaginated and passed over a
cork, with a groove at either end, and the intestine
is tied in the grooves. 5. For imperforated rectum;
the formation of an artificial anus in the perineum, f
with or without excision of the coccyx. 6. For
lumbar colotomy; a transverse incision is made,
crossing the outer border of the quadratus lumborum
muscle. A.'s valves, see Heister's valves.

amussis (am-us'-is) [L., "a carpenter's rule or
level"; pi., amusses]. One of two portions into
which a median fissure divides the posterior com-
missure of the brain.

amyasthenia (am-i-as-the'-ne-ah). Same as amyos-
thenia.

amyctic (am-ik'-tik) [A/xvktik6s, mangling]. 1.
Caustic; irritating. 2. A caustic or corrosive drug.

amydriasis (ah-mid-rV -ah-sis) . See mydriasis.

amyelencephalia (ah-mi-el-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [A, priv.;
fiveXos, marrow; Ke<f>a\ri, the head]. Absence of
both brain and spinal cord.

amyelencephalus (ah-mi-el-en-sef'-al-us) [A, priv.;
iive\6s, marrow; Ke<f>a\ii, the head]. A fetal monster
having neither brain nor spinal cord.

amyelia (ah-mi-e'-le-ah) [A, priv.; nve\6s, marrow].
Congenital absence of the spinal cord.

amyelic (ah-mi-e'-lik) [see amyelia]. Relating to
amyelia.

amyelinic (ah-mi-el-in'-ik). Without myelin.

amyelonervia (ah-mi-el-o-ner' -ve-ah) . See amy-
eloneuria.

amyeloneuria (ah-mi-el-o-nu'-re-ah) [A, priv.;
HveKos, marrow; vevpov, a nerve]. Paresis of the
spinal cord.

amyelonic (ah-mi-el-on'-ik). 1. Amyelic. 2. With-
out marrow.

amyelotrophy (ah-mi-el-ot'-ro-fe) [A, priv.; nveXSs,
marrow; rpo(j>rj, nourishment]. Atrophy of the
spinal cord.

amyelous (ah-mi'-el-us). See amyelic.

amyelus (ah-mi'-el-us) [A, priv.; /iveKSs, marrow].
A fetal monstrosity with partial or complete absence
of the spinal cord.

amyencephalus (ah-mi-en-sef'-al-us). See amy-
elencephalus.

amygdala (am-ig'-dal-ah) [&nvySaKr], almond],
1. The tonsil. 2. A small lobule on the lower surface
of each cerebellar hemisphere, projecting into the
fourth ventricle. 3. Almond. The seeds of A.
amara and A. dulcis, containing the principle emulsin.
The former contains amygdalin. The expressed oil
of the sweet almond is a demulcent and is useful in
skin affections; in doses of 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.), a mild
laxative; that of A. amara is used in cosmetics.
a. amara (U. S. P.), the bitter almond, a. dulcis
(U. S. P.), the svyeet almond, amygdalae amarae,
aqua (U. S. P.), a 1 : 1000 solution of the oil of
bitter almonds in water. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). amyg-
dalae amarae, oleum (U. S. P.), contains 3-14 % of

AMYGDALA

50

AMYLOSE

hydrocyanic acid and has similar uses. Dose J-i
min. (0.016-0.065 Cc). amygdalae amarae, spiritus
(U. S. P.), the spirit of bitter almonds, amygdalae,
emulsum (U. S. P.), oil of sweet almonds 6 %; sugar,
water, and acacia q. s. amygdalae expressum, oleum
(U. S. P.), expressed oil of almonds. Dose 1 oz.
(30 Cc). amygdalae, syrupus (U. S. P.), syrup of
almond; demulcent and slightly sedative. Dose 1-2
dr. (4-8 Cc).

amygdalae (am-ig'-dal-e) [L., pi. of amydala].
The tonsils.

amygdalectomy (am-ig-dal-ek'-to-me) [amygdala;
tKTo\xi\, a cutting-out]. Excision of a tonsil.

amygdalin (am-ig'-dal-in) [see amygdala], C20H27-
NOn +3H2O. A glucoside formed in bitter almonds,
in various plants, and in the leaves of the cherry-
laurel. Under the influence of emulsin, contained
in the almond, it splits up into glucose and hydro-
cyanic acid.

amygdaline (am-ig'-dal-en) [see amygdala]. 1. Al-
mond-like. 2. Pertaining to the tonsil.

amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i'-tis) [amygdala; ins, in-
flammation]. Tonsillitis.

amygdaloid (am-ig'-dal-oid) [amygdala; el8os,
form]. Resembling an almond, a. fossa, the
depressionfor the lodgment of the tonsil, a. tuber-
cle, a projection of gray matter at the end of the
descending cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain.
It is attached to the temporal lobe, and appears to
be nearly isolated by white substance.

amygdalolith (am-ig-dal'-o-lith) [amygdala; Xi0os,
a stone]. A concretion or calculus found in the tonsil.

amygdaloncus (am-ig-dal-ong'-kus) [amygdala;
07/cos, a mass]. Any tumor or swelling of the
tonsil.

amygdalopathy (am-ig-dal-op'-ath-e) [amygdala;
iraBos, a disease]. Any disease of the tonsils.

amygdalotome (am-ig'-dal-o-tom) [amygdala; rkp.-
veiv, to cut]. An instrument used in cutting the
tonsils.

amygdalotomy (am-ig-dal-ot'-o-me) [see amygdalo-
tome]. Tonsillotomy. Partial or complete abscission
of a tonsil.

amygodophenin 1 (am-ig-dof-en-in) , C6H4(OC2Hs)-
NH . OC . CH(OH)C6H5. A grayish-white, crystal-
line powder, derived from paramidophenol. It is
antirheumatic Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) from 1 to 6
times daily in powder. Syn., phenylglycolphenetidin.

amygmus (am-ig'-mus) [&(ivyn6s]. Scarification.

amykos (ah-mi'-kos) [&, priv.; juOkos, a fungus].
An antiseptic fluid composed of boric acid, glycerin
and infusion of cloves. Of reputed service in gonor-
rhea, dental caries, and catarrhs.

amyl (am'-il) [&nv\ov, starch]. The radical,
C5H11, of amy lie alcohol, the fifth member of the
series of alcohol radicals, CnH2n+i. a.-alcohol, see
amylic alcohol, a. bromide, CsHnBr, a transparent,
colorless liquid, soluble in alcohol. It is antiseptic
and germicidal, a. colloid, a fluid preparation con-
sisting of amyl hydride, 480 parts; aconitine, 1 part;
veratrine, 6 parts; collodion, to 960 parts. It is
painted on the skin in neuralgia, sciatica, etc Syn.,
anodyne colloid, a. hydrate, see amylic alcohol.
a. hydride, a fractional product of petroleum ether;
it is an antiseptic Syn., hydramyl; pentylene;
pentylhydride. a. iodide, CsHnI, the reaction-
product of isoamylic alcohol, iodine, and phosphorus.
It is sedative and antiseptic, and is used as an in-
halation in dyspnea, a. nitrite, C5H11NO2, a clear,
yellowish, volatile liquid, of a penetrating odor. It
produces vascular dilation and stimulates the heart's
action, and is useful in angina pectoris, respiratory,
neuroses, etc. Dose, internally, \-i min. (0.016-
0.065 Cc) dissolved in alcohol; by inhalation, 2-5
min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). a. nitrite, carbureted, amyl
nitrite saturated with carbon monoxide. It is
suggested as a substitute for pure amyl nitrite, to
obviate pressure in the head and other secondary
objectionable properties, a. salicylate, a compound
obtained from the action of chlorine on a saturated
solution of salicylic acid in amylic alcohol. It is
said to have the sedative properties of the amylic
derivatives as well as antirheumatic qualities. Dose
in acute rheumatism 10 capsules of 3 gr- (0.2 Gm.)
each, daily, a. valerate, a. valerianate, O0H20O2.
It is a cholesterin solvent and is used as a sedative
in gall-stone colic. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.).
Syn., apple oil.

amylaceous (am-il-a' -se-us) [see amyl]. Con-
taining starch; starch-like. See corpora amylacea.

amylamine (am-il'-am-in). See isoamylamine.
a. hydrochlorate, C5H14NCI, a reaction-product of
amyl cyanate, potassium hydrate, and hydrochloric
acid, occurring as deliquescent scales or crystals.
It is an antipyretic. Dose 7-1 5 gr- (0.45-1.0 Gm.).

amylase {am'-il-as) [anv\ov, starch; -ase]. Any
amylolytic enzyme, causing hydrolytic cleavage of
the molecules of starch.

amylate (am'-il-at). 1. A combination formed by
the replacement of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl
molecule in amylic alcohol with a metal or basic radi-
cal. 2. A compound of starch with a radical.

amylene (am'-il-en) [see amyl], C5H10. A liquid
hydrocarbon having dangerous anesthetic properties.
a.-chloral, CCI3 . CH . OH . O . C . (CHs^Hs, di-
methyl-ethyl-carbinol-chloral. It is hypnotic. Syn.,
dormiol. a. hydrate, C5H12O, a tertiary alcohol
used as a hypnotic. Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4
Cc).

amylenization (am-il-en-iz-a'-shun). The pro-
duction of anesthesia by means of amylene.

amylenol {am-iV -en-oV) . Amyl salicylate; used
externally in rheumatism.

amylic (am-il'-ik) [see amyl]. Pertaining to amyl.
a. alcohol, fusel oil; potato-starch alcohol; amyl
hydrate. Ah alcohol having the composition C5H12O,
produced in the continued distillation of fermented
grain. It was formerly used to adulterate whisky.
It is a solvent and reagent.

amylin (am'-il-in) [see amyl]. The insoluble wall
of the starch-grain.

amylism (am'-il-izm). The toxic condition pro-
duced by amyl alcohol.

amylobacter (am-il-o-bak'-tur) [anvXov, starch;
fSaKTrjpiov, a little rod]. A genus of schizomycetes
characterized by a period of development in which it
contains starch in its interior.

amylodextrin {am-il-o-deks' -trin) . Same as ery-
throdextrin. See soluble starch.

amyloform (am-il'-o-form). An odorless white
powder produced by the chemical combination of
starch with formaldehyde. It is non-toxic, quite
insoluble, and is not decomposed under 1800 C.
It is recommended as a surgical antiseptic.

amylogen (am-il'-o-jen) [anv\ov, starch; yev-hs,
produce]. Soluble starch.

amylogenic (am-il-o-jen'-ik) [afivhov, starch; yewav,
to produce]. Starch-producing.

amylohydrolysis (am-il-o-hi-drol'-is-is) [anv\ov,
starch; vSwp, water; Xuo-is, solution]. The hydro-
lysis of starch.

amylohydrolytic (am-il-o-hi-dro-lit'-ik) . Relating
to the hydrolysis of starch.

amyloid (am'-il-oid) [anv\oi>, starch ;eI5o$, form]. 1.
Starch-like. 2. A starchy substance. 3- Glycogen.
4. Virchow's name for a waxy body found in animal
tissue as a result of disease and resembling starch
only in the one particular that it is stained by
iodine. Cf. amyloid degeneration, a. bodies, bodies
resembling starch-grains, found in the nervous sys-
tem, the prostate, etc They are the result of a
localized amyloid degeneration, a. degeneration,
waxy or lardaceous degeneration. A degeneration
characterized by the formation of an albuminous
substance, resembling starch in its chemical reactions.
The process affects primarily the connective tissue
of the blood-vessels of various organs, and is con-
nected with or due to chronic suppuration in the
body. Amyloid substance gives a brown color with
iodine, a red color with gentian-violet, and turns
blue on being treated with iodine and sulphuric acid.
a. kidney, see Bright 's disease.

amyloidosis (am-il-oid-o'-sis). See amyloid degen-
eration.

amylolysis (am-il-oV -is-is) [anvXov, starch; Awm,
solution]. The digestion of starch, or its conversion
into sugar.

amylolytic {am-il-o-liV -ik) [see amylolysis]. Per-
taining to or effecting the digestion of starch, as the
ferments in the saliva and pancreatic juice that
convert starch into sugar.

amylon (am'-il-on) [&ijlv\op, starch]. 1. Starch.
2. Glycogen. 3. A principle found in grape-juice.

amyloplast (am'-il-o-plast) [anvKov, starch; Tr\a<r<reiv,
to form]. A leukoplast; a starch-forming proto-
plasmic granule.

amylopsin (am-il-op'-sin) [afivKov, starch; 6\pis,
appearance]. A ferment found in the pancreatic
juice which changes starch into sugar.

amylose (am'-il-os) [anv\ov, starch]. Any one of

AMYLUM

51

ANADROME

the group of carbohydrates, comprising starch, gly-
cogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, cellulose, and tunicin.

amylum (am'-il-um) [L.], CeHioOs. Starch,
amyli, glyceritum (U. S. P.). contains starch, 10;
water, 10; glycerol, 80 %; used for external appli-
cation, a. iodatum, contains starch, 95 %; iodine,
5 %, triturated with distilled water and dried. Dose
1 dr.-| oz. (4-16 Gm.). amyli, mucilago (B. P.),
used in making enemas.

amyluria (am-il-u'-re-ah) [a/ivXov, starch; ovpov,
urine]. Presence of starch in the urine.

amyocardia (am-i-o-kar'-de-ah) [a, priv. ; fivs,
muscle; KapSia, the heart]. Lack of muscular power
In the heart's contractions.

amyostasia (am-i-os-ta' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; fivs,
muscle; <rrd<m, standing]. An abnormal trembling
of the muscles while in use, often seen in locomotor
ataxia.

amyosthenia {am-i-os-the' -ne-ah) [a, priv.; fivs,
muscle; adkvos, force]. Deficient muscular power.

amyosthenic (am-i-o-sthen'-ik) [d, priv.; pis,
muscle; adivos, force]. Pertaining to amyosthenia.
Also, a medicine or agent depressing muscular action.

amyotaxia (ah-mi-o-taks'-e-ah) [&, priv.; fivs,
muscle; rd£is, arrangement]. Motor disturbance of
the muscles, of spinal or cerebral origin. Muscular
ataxia.

amyotonia {am-i-o-to' -ne-ah) [d, priv.; fivs, muscle;
t6i>os, tone]. Lack of muscular tone; myatonia.

amyotrophia (am-i-o-tro'-fe-ah) [d, priv.; fivs,
muscle; rpo4>fi, nourishment]. Atrophy of a muscle.

amyotrophic (am-i-o-tro' -fik) [see amytrophia].
Characterized by muscular atrophy, a. lateral
sclerosis, lateral sclerosis combined with muscular
atrophy. The lesion is in the pyramidal tracts and
in the ganglion-cells of the anterior gray horns of the
spinal cord. The disease has a marked tendency to
involve the medulla, a. paralysis, that due to
muscular atrophy.

amyotrophy (am-i-ot'-ro-fe). See amyotrophia.

amyous (am'-i-us) [d, priv.; fivs, muscle]. Weak;
deficient in muscle or muscular strength.

amyrin (am'-e-rin) [amyris], C4oH«0. A resinous
principle derived from Mexican Elemi.

Amyris (am'-e-ris) [L.]. A genus of tropical
trees and shrubs producing fragrant resins and gums,
such as Elemi, etc.

amyxia (am-iks'-i-ah) [d, priv.; tii'£a, mucus].
Absence or deficiency of mucous secretion.

amyxis (ah-miks'-is) [afivo-o-eiv , to scarify]. Scari-
fication.

amyxodes (ah-miks-o'-dez) . 1. Deficient in mucus;
relating to amyxia. 2. Scarified; relating to amyxis.

amyxorrhea (am-iks-o-re'-ah) [d, priv.; fiv£a, mucus ;
poia, flow]. Absence of the normal mucous secretion.

-an, a suffix applied to a class of bodies related to
the starch and sugar group. •

ana (an'-ah) [ava, so much each]. A Greek pre-
position signifying through, up, again, etc. In pre-
scriptions contracted to aa, meaning of each.

-ana. A termination preferably used as a suffix to
the name of a species around which others naturally
cluster, in the naming of subsections or groups of
species; e. g., the group of species of Helix related
to H. pomatia may be indicated by the term
pomatiana.

anabasis (an-ab' -as-is) [avafialveiv, to go up].
The increasing stage of acute disease.

anabatic (an-ab-at'-ik) [see anabasis]. Increasing;
growing more intense ; as the anabatic stage of a fever.

anabiosis (an-ab-i-o'-sis) [avafiioeiv, to come to
life again]. The reappearance of vitality in an
apparently lifeless organism. Resuscitation; reani-
mation.

anabiotic (an-ab-i-ot'-ik) [&va, again; /3i6s, life].
1. Relating to anabiosis. 2. Restoring the strength
or activity.

anabole (an-ab'-o-le) [avafiaWeiv, to throw up].
A throwing up; what is thrown up; vomit; vomiting;
expectoration; regurgitation.

anabolergy (an-ab-ol'-er-je) [avafiaWeiv, to throw
up; epyov, work]. The force expended or work per-
formed in anabolism or in anabolic processes.

anabolic (an-ab-ol'-ik) [ava(3aX\eiv, to throw up].
Pertaining to or characterized by anabolism.

anabolin (an-ab' -o-lin) [see anabolic]. Any sub-
stance formed during the anabolic process.

anabolism (an-ab' -o-lizm) [see anabolic]. Syn-
thetic or constructive metabolism. Activity and
repair of function; opposed to katabolism.

anabrosis (an-ab-ro'-sis) [avafSpucns, an eating up].
Corrosion, or superficial ulceration.

anabrotic (an-ab-rot'-ik) [avafipwo-is, an eating up].
Pertaining to anabrosis; corrosive.

anacampsis (an-ah-kamp'-sis) [avaKafivreiv, to bend
back]. A flexure.

anacamptic (an-ah-kamp'-tik) [see anacampsis].
Reflected, as sound or light; pertaining to or causing
a reflection.

anacamptometer (an-ah-kamp-tom' -et-er) [avo.Ka.fnr-
reiv, to bend back; fikrpov, a measure]. An appar-
atus for measuring reflexes.

Anacardium (an-ah-kar' -de-um) [ava, up; Kapdia,
the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds]. 1. A genus
of tropical trees. A. occidentale yields cashew-gum
and the cashew-nut. 2. The oil of the pericarp of
the cashew-nut, known as cardol, and used as an
escharotic. It is said to be of value in leprosy.
a., ointment of, 1 part of the tar to 8 of lard or
vaselin, used as a blistering ointment, a., tincture
of, 1 to 10 of rectified spirit. Dose 2-10 min.
(0.12-0.6 Cc).

anacatadidymous (an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [ava, up;
Kara, down; SISvfios, a twin]. Divided above and
below, but jointed centrally into one; said of certain
twin monsters.

anacatadidymus (an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [ava, up;
Kara, down; didvfios, a twin]. An anacatadidymous
monstrosity.

anacatharsis (an-ak-ath-ar'-sis) [di'd, up; Kadapo-is,
purgation]. Expectoration; vomiting.

anacathartic (an-ak-ath-ar'-tik) [ava, up; Kaffaptns,
purgation]. 1. Causing anacatharsis. 2. An ex-
pectorant, emetic, or sternutatory drug or agent.

anachlorhydria (an-ah-klor-hid'-re-ah). The lack
of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

anacid (an-as'-id) [av, priv.; acidum, acid]. Slight-
ly acid; subacid; not having the normal amount of
acidity.

anacidity (an-as-id'-it-e). The lack of normal
acidity; subacidity; inacidity.

anaclasimeter (an-ak-las-im' -et-er) [anaclasis;
fikrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring
the refraction of the eye.

anaclasis (an-ak' -las-is) [avoKkacns, a breaking-off
or back]. 1. Reflection or refraction of light or
sound. 2. A fracture. 3. Forcible flexion of a stiff
joint.

anaclastic (an-ak-las'-tik) [avaxhao-is, a breaking-
off, or back]. Pertaining to refraction, or to ana-
clasis.

anaclisis (an-ak' -lis-is) [avaicXio-is, reclining].'
Decubitus; the reclining attitude.

anacroasia (an-ak-ro-a'-ze-ah) [av, priv.; aicpoao-is,
hearing]. Inability to understand words that are
heard, while the same words if read by the patient
are understood.

anacrotic (an-ak-rot'-ik) [ava, up; upbros, a stroke].
Relating to. or characterized by anacrotism.

anacrotisin (an-ak' -ro-tizm) [see anacrotic]. The
condition in which there is one or more notches on
the ascending limb of the pulse-curve.

anacusia, anacusis (an-ak-oo' -se-ah, an-ak-oo'-sis)
[av, priv.; aKoveiv, to hear]. Complete deafness.

anadenia (an-ad-e' -ne-ah) [av, priv.; ad-hv, gland].
Insufficiency of glandular function. Chronic want
of gastric secretion, a. gastrica, Ewald's name for
achylia gastrica. a. ventriculi, see achylia gastrica.

anadesma (an-ah-dez'-mah) [avadkafiri, a fillet].
A band or fascia.

anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krot'-ik) [ava, up; Sis, twice;
Kporos, a stroke]. Characterized by anadicrotism.

anadicrotism (an-ah-di' -krot-izm) [see anadicrotic].
Dicrotism of the pulse-wave occurring in the upward
stroke.

anadidymous (an-ad-id' -im-us) [ava, up; Sldv/ios, a
twin]. Cleft upward into two, while single below —
said of certain joined twins.

anadidymus (an-ad-id' -im-us) [see anadidymous].
An anadidymous monster.

anadiplosis (an-ah-dip-lo'-sis) [ava, up, back;
dnr\6eiv, to double]. The reduplication or redoub-
ling of a fever paroxysm.

anadiplotic (an-ah-dip-lof -ik) [ava, up; 8nr\6eiv, to
double]. Characterized by anadiplosis.

anadipsia (an-ah-dip' -se-ah) [ava, intensive; 8i\pa,
thirst]. Intense thirst.

anadrome (an-ad'-ro-me) [avaSpofi-q, a running up].
1. An upward determination of the blood. 2. A
pain ascending from the lower to the higher portion

AN^EMATOPOIESIS

52

ANAMNESTIC

of the body. 3. The ascent of sap in plants. 4. See
globus hystericus.

anaematopoiesis (an-e-mat-o-poi-e'-sis). See ane-
matopoiesis.

anaematosis (an-e-mal-o'-sis). See anematosis.

anaemia (an-e'-me-ah). See anemia.

anaemic (an-e'-mik). See anemic.

anaerobe (an-a'-er-ob). See anaerobion.

anaerobia (an-a-er-o'-be-ah) [&v, priv.; k-qp, air;
/3t'os, life]. Plural of anaerobion. Microorganisms
having the power of living without air or free oxygen.
a., facultative, applied to organisms normally or
usually living in the presence of oxygen, but capable
of becoming anaerobic.

anaerobic (an-a-er-o'-bik) [see anaerobia]. Living
in the absence of the oxygen or air. See aerobic.

anaerobion (an-a-er-o' -be-on). See anaerobia.

anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o'-sis) [see anaerobia].
Life sustained in the absence of free oxygen; the
power of living where there is no free oxygen.

anaerobiotic, anaerobious (an-a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik, an-a-
er-o'-be-us) [see anaerobia]. Capable of existing
without free oxygen.

anaerophyte (an-a'-e-ro-fit) [b.v, priv.; irjp, air;
4>vt6v, a plant]. In biology, a plant capable of
living without a direct supply of oxygen.

anaeroplastic (an-a-er-o-plas'-tik) [&i>, priv.; ir/p,
air; irX&aaav, to shape]. Pertaining to anaeroplasty.

anaeroplasty (an-a'-er-o-plas-te) [&i>, priv.; &rjp, air;
irkaaaeiv, to shape]. The treatment of wounds by
immersion in warm water, so as to exclude the air.

anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-ah). See anesthesia.

anaesthesin (an-es' -thes-in) . Same as anesthesin.

anaesthetic (an-es-thet'-ik). See anesthetic.

anagenesis (an-aj-en'-e-sis) [av ay kwrja is, regen-
eration]. Reparation or reproduction of tissues.

anagnosasthenia {an-ag-nos-as-the' -ne-ah) [ava.-
yvwaris, reading; asthenia]. Neurasthenia in which
any attempt to read is accompanied by distressing
symptoms.

anagoge, anagogia (an-a-go'-je, an-a-go'-je-ah)
[Lvayuyi), a bringing up]. Vomiting, a. haematis,
a. sanguinis, a rush of blood to the head.

anagraph (an'-a-graf) [avaypa<j>rj, a writing out].
A physician's prescription or recipe.

anagyrine (an-aj-i'-rin) [ava, backward; yvpos, a
circle], CHN2O2. An alkaloid from the seeds of
Anagyris fcetida, a leguminous shrub of Southern
Europe. Its hydrochloride is poisonous, slowing the
respiration, and interfering with the heart's action.
a. hydrobromide, CuHis^C^HBr. Small, white,
shining scales, soluble in water and alcohol, melting
at 265° C. It is used as a heart stimulant.

anakhre (an-ak'-er). Synonym of goundou (q. v.).

anakroasia (an-ak-ro-a'-ze-ah). See anacroasia.

anakusis (an-ak-oo'-sis). See anacusia.

anal (a'-nal) [anus, the fundament]. Pertaining
to the anus.

analdia. (an-al'-de-ah). See marasmus. .

analepsia (an-al-ep'-se-ah). See analepsis.

analepsis (an-al-ep'-sis) [see analeptic]. 1. Re-
covery of strength after disease. 2. Suspension, as
in a swing. 3. Epilepsy with gastric aura.

analeptic (an-al-ep'-tik) [avdKriTTiKos, restorative].
1. Restorative. 2. Any agent restoring health after
illness.

analeptol (an-al-ep' '-tol) . A tonic preparation
said to contain phosphorus, T£o 8r-i nux vomica
extract, £ gr.; cinchona, 2 gr.; coca leaves, 1 gr.,
and the addition of aromatics.

analgen (an-al'-jen) [&v, priv.; aXyos, pain],
C26H14N2O4. A white, tasteless, crystalline powder,
almost insoluble in water, soluble with difficulty in
cold alcohol, but more readily in hot alcohol and
dilute acids. It melts at 406.40 F. It is employed
as an analgesic, antineuralgic, and antipyretic.
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.).

analgesia (an-al-je'-ze-ah) [see analgen]. Insensi-
bility to or absence of pain. a. algera, a. dolorosa,
severe pain in a part with loss of general sensibility.
a. panaris, synonym of Morvan's disease.

analgesic (an-al-je '-sik) [see analgen]. 1. Anodyne;
relieving pain. 2. Affected with analgesia. 3- A
remedy that relieves pain.

analgesia (an-al'-je-siri). See antipyrine.
analgetic (an-al-je' -tik). See analgesic.
analgia {an-al'-je-ah) [avt priv.; ahyos, pain].
Absence of pain.

analgic (an-al'-jik) [see analgen]. Analgesic,
analgin (an-al'-jin). Synonym of creolin.

analogue analog, (an'-al-og) [av&Xoyos, conform-
able]. A part or organ having the same function
as another, but with a difference of structure. The
correlative term, homologue, denotes identity of
structure with difference of function. The wing of
the butterfly and that of the bird are analogous, but
the wing of a bird and the arm of a man are homo-
logous.

analogous (an-al'-o-gus) [see analogue]. Con-
forming to, proportionate, answering to.

analogy (an-al'-o-je) [avaXoyos, conformable].
Similarity in function or origin between parts or
organs, without identity.

analosis (an-al-o'-sis) [avaXwais, expenditure].
A wasting away; atrophy.

analysis (an-al'-is-is) [avaXveiv, to unloose]. The
resolution of a compound body into its constituent
parts, a., absorptiometric, the determination of
the composition of gaseous bodies by observation
of the amount of absorption which occurs on exposure
to a liquid in which the coefficient of absorption of
different gases is already known, a., clinical, a
thorough examination of symptoms, lesions, and
history to determine the nature of a disease and its
cause, a., densimetric, analysis of a subject by
means of determining the specific gravity of the
solution and thus estimating the amount of dis-
solved matter, a., dry, that by means of blowpipe,
etc.; also spectral analysis, a., eudiometric, see
a., gasometric. a., gasometric, the determination'of
the constituents of gaseous compounds, especially
the determination of the amount of oxygen in speci-
mens of atmospheric air. a., gravimetric, the
quantitative determination, by weight, of the ele-
ments of a body, a., immediate, see a., proximate.
a., indirect, a quantitative estimation of the elements
of a compound obtained not by isolating them, but
by causing them to form new combinations and
observing the relation of the molecular weight of
these to that of the original body, a., inorganic,
that of inorganic matter, a., microchemical, chemi-
cal analysis with the aid of a microscope, a.,
organic, the determination of the elements of matter
formed under, the influence of life. The analysis of
animal and vegetable tissues, a., polariscopic,
analysis conducted with the polariscope. a., pris-
matic, spectral analysis, a., proximate, the deter-
mination of the simpler compound into which a
substance may be resolved, a., qualitative, the
determination of the nature of the elements that
compose a body, a., quantitative, the determination
of the proportionate parts of the various elements of a
compound, a., radiation, a method of analysis
based upon discoveries of Becquerel and taking
advantage of the comparative radioactivity of various
metals, a., spectral, ^the determination of the
composition of a body by means of the spectroscope.
a., thermometric, analysis by means of observation
of the varying temperature produced by the inter-
action of substances mixed or combined together.
a., ultimate, the resolution of a compound into its
ultimate elements, a., volumetric, the quantitative
determination of a constituent by volume, a., wet,
analysis conducted by means of solutions and precipi-
tations.

analyst (an'-al-ist). The person who makes an
analysis; analyzer.

analyzer (an'-al-i-zer) [see analysis]. 1. An analyst.
2. In a polariscope, the Nicol prism, which exhibits
the properties of light after polarization. 3. An
apparatus for recording the excursions of tremor
movements.

Anam ulcer. A form of phagedena, common in
hot countries.

Anamirta (an-am-er'-ta). A genus of Menis-
permacea. A. paniculata, or Menispermum coc-
culus, is the source of cocculus indicus.

anamirtin (an-am-er' -tin) [Anamirta, a genus of
plants], C19H36O2. A glycerid derived from coc-
culus indicus, the berry-like fruit of Anamirta
paniculata.

anamnesia (an-am-ne' -ze-ah) . See anamnesis.

anamnesis (an-am-ne' -sis) [avap.vri<Tis, a recalling
to mind]. 1. The faculty of memory; recollection.
2. That which is remembered; information gained
from the patient and others regarding the past his-
tory of a case.

anamnestic (an-am-nes'-tik) [see anamnesis].

1. Pertaining to the anamnesis, or history of a case.

2. Remembering. 3. Restorative of the memory.

ANAMNIONIC

53

ANASTALSIS

ionic (an-am-ne-on'-ik). Same as anam~
niotic.

anamniotic (an-am-ne-ot'-ik) [av, priv.; ap.vlov,
amnion]. Without an amnion.

anamorphosis (an-am-orf-o'-sis) [&va, again; pop<f>o-
eiv, to form], i. Distortion or anomaly of develop-
ment. In biology, gradual change of form in suc-
cessive members of a group. 2. In optics, that
process by which a distorted image is corrected by
means of a curved mirror, a., catoptric, correction
of a distorted image by means of a conic or cylindric
mirror, a., dioptric, correction of a distorted image
by means of a pyramidal glass.

ananabasia (an-an-ab-a'-ze-ah) [av, priv.; avafiaa-cs,
an ascending]. A form of abulia manifested by
incapacity to ascend heights.

ananaphylaxis (an-an-ah-fil-ak'-sis). A condition
which neutralizes anaphylaxis; it is wrongly termed
antianaphylaxis.

ananastasia {an-an-as-ta' -ze-ah) [av, priv.; hvaar-
tolols, a rising up]. An abulistic inability to rise
from a sitting posture.

anandria (an-an'-dre-ah) [&v, priv.; av-qp, man].
Lack of virility; impotence.

anangioplasia (an-an-je-o-pla'-se-ah) [av, priv.;
ayyelov, a vessel; ir\acr<reiv, to form]. Congenital
narrowing of the caliber of the blood vessels.

anangioplasm (an-an'-je-o-plazm) [av, priv. ; ayyelov,
a vessel; -n-\ao-p.a, something formed]. Imperfect
vascular development.

anapeiratic (an-ap-i-rat'-ik) [avaireipaadai, to do
again]. A condition due to excessive exercise, as in
writers' cramp.

anaphalantiasis (an-af-al-an-ti'-as-is) [Aj'd, up;
4>ahados, bald in front]. The falling out of the
eyebrows.

anaphase (an'-af-dz) [&va, up; <j>a.<ns, a phase].
The phenomenon of karyokinesis immediately pre-
ceding the formation of the daughter-stars, and up
to the formation of the resting daughter-nuclei.

anaphia (an-a'-fe-ah) [av, priv.; a4>rj, touch].
I. Defective sense of touch. 2. A state of abnormal
sensitiveness to touch. 3. A state in which nothing
is learned by palpation.

anaphora (an-af-or-ah) [ava<j>opa, a bringing up].
1. A bringing up, as by coughing. 2. Recovery
from illness. 3. Rush of blood to the head. 4. A
violent inspiration or respiration.

anaphoresis (an-af-or-e'-sis) [&v, priv.; <f>epeiv, to
carry]. A diminution in the activity of the sweat-
glands.

anaphoretic (an-ah-for-et'-ik). 1. Checking per-
spiration. 2. An agent that checks the secretion of
sweat.

anaphoria (an-af-o'-re-ah). An upward tendency
of the eyes and of the visual axes.

anaphrodisia (an-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) [av, priv.; 'A<f>po-
8iT7j, Venus]. Absence or impairment of sexual
appetite.

anaphrodisiac (an-af-ro-diz'-e-ak). 1. Relating to,
affected by, or causing anaphrodisia. 2. An agent
that allays the sexual desire.

anaphrodite ian-af-ro-dit). An individual affected
with anaphrodisia.

anaphylactic (an-ah-fil-ak'-tik) [av, priv.; <f>v\a£,
a guardian]. 1. Having the property of diminishing
immunity instead of reinforcing it. 2. A serum which
diminishes immunity, a. shock, the general con-
dition produced by the repeated injections of foreign
serum.

anaphylactin (an-ah-fil-ak'-tin). A substance sup-
posed to produce anaphylaxis; "a toxic, or irritating
nonassimilable substance, assumed to be part of the
proteid introduced on first injection, which renders
the tissue cells abnormally susceptible to reinjections
of the same substance."

anaphylatoxin (an-ah-fil-ah-tok'-sin). The poison-
ous substance which produces the symptoms in
anaphylaxis; it is non-specific, and is supposed to be
formed by anaphylactin and the newly injected pro-
tein.

anaphylaxis (an-ah-fil-ak'-sis). Induction of di-
sease; specifically, an intoxication due to the union
of a foreign substance with antibodies produced by
previous introduction of the same substance ; opposed
to prophylaxis.

anaphylaxy (an-ah-fil-aks'-e). See anaphylaxis.
anaplase (an'-ap-laz) [ava, up; irXdaaeiv, to build].
The stage of growth and development; the period
before full maturity.

anaplasia (an-ah-pla'-ze-ah). 1. The tendency of
certain* tissues toward reversion to an earlier or
embryonal type. 2. A similar tendency in cells
to revert to a less differentiated condition, prior to
cell division.

anaplasis {an-ah-pla' -sis) . See anaplasty.

anaplasm (an'-ah-plazm). See anaplasty.

anaplast (an'-ap-last) [avaifKaaatw, to shape].
See leukoplast.

anaplastic (an-ap-las'-tik) [avaifKaoaeLv, to build
up]. 1. Relating to anaplasty; restoring a lost or
defective part. 2. Agent that facilitates repair.
a. surgery, anaplasty.

anaplasty (an'-ap-las-te). An operation for the
restoration of lost parts; plastic surgery.

anaplerosis {an-ap-le-ro' -sis) [i.va, up; vkupbtw, to
fill]. The restoration or repair of a wound, sore, or
lesion in which there has been a loss of substance.

anaplerotic (an-ap-le-rot'-ik) [ava, up; irX-npoeiv, to
fill]. 1. Promotive of repair, favoring granulation.
2. A remedy or application that promotes repair.

anapnograph (an-ap'-no-graf) [avairvo-q, respiration;
ypa<f>eiv, to write]. An apparatus registering the
movements of (1) inspiration and expiration, (2) the
quantity of air inhaled.

anapnoic (an-ap-no'-ik) [ava, against; airvoia,
want of breath]. 1. Relieving dyspnea. 2. Favor-
ing respiration.

anapnometer, anapneometer {an-ap-nom'-et-er,
an-ap-ne-om' -et-er) [avairvo-q, respiration; p.krpov, a
measure]. . An anapnograph.

anapophysis (an-ap-of-is-is) [ava, back; air6<fiv<ris,
an offshoot]. An accessory process of a lumbar or
dorsal vertebra, curresponding to the inferior tubercle
of the transverse process of a typical dorsal vertebra.

anaptic (an-ap'-tik) [av, priv.; acp-h, touch]. Per-
taining to or marked by anaphia: loss of the tactile
sense.

anarcotine (ah-nar'-ko-tin) [a, priv.; narcotic].
Narcotine, which from its lack of narcotic power is
mis-named.

anarithmia (an-ar-ith'-me-ah). An inability to
count.

anarrhea, or anarrhcea (an-ar-e'-ah) [ava, up;
poia, flow]. Afflux to an upper part, as of blood
to the head.

anarrhexis {an-ar-eks'-is) [ava, up; prints, fracture].
Surgical refracture of a bone.

anarthria (an-ar'-thre-ah) [av, priv.; apdpov, articu-
lation]. 1. Defective articulation. 2. Absence of
vigor. 3. Without joints, a. _ centralis, partial
aphasia duet o central lesion, a. literalis, stammering.

anarthrous (an-ar'-thrus) [av, priv. ; apdpov, a
joint]. Jointless. So corpulent that no joints are
visible. 2. Lacking vigor. 3. Inarticulate.

anasarca (an-ah-sar'-kah) [ava, through; <rdp£, the
flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the subcu-
taneous areolar tissues of the body. Syn., catasarca;
episarcidium; hydrodermus; intercus; hydrops cellu-
laris. a., acute, a form in which the flesh preserves
its normal color and the depression made by the
finger disappears quickly, a. a fluxu, that due to
loss of body-fluids, as in diarrhea or diabetes, a.
americana, South American disease marked by sleepi-
ness, headache, debility, and swelling of the abdomen,
said to be due to the ingestion of sea-crabs, a.,
essential, that due to malnutrition, a. exanthe-
matica, that attributed to the suppression of an
exanthem, especially erysipelas, a. urinosa, that
due to suppression of urine. Syn., urinary leuko-
phlegmasia.

anasarcin (an-ah-sar'-sin) . A remedy for dropsy,
said to consist of the active principles of Oxydendron
arboreum, Sambucus nigra, and Urginea scilla.
Trade name of a remedy claiming to be a heart
tonic and diuretic.

anasarcous {an-ah-sar'-kus) [see anasarca]. Af-
fected with anasarca.

anasomia (an-ah-so'-me-ah) [ava, up; o-Cipa,
body]. A deformed condition in which the limbs
are abnormally adherent to the body.

anaspadiac (an-ah-spa'-di-ak)]. A person affected
with anaspadias.

anaspadias (an-as-pa'-de-as) [ava, up; cnraeiv, to
draw]. A urethral opening upon the upper surface
of the penis.

anaspasis (an-ah-spa' '-sis) [see anaspadias]. 1. A
contraction. 2. Revulsion.

anastalsis (an-as-taV -sis) . A term suggested by
Cannon for the upward moving wave of contraction

ANASTALTIC

54

ANCONAL

occurring in the first part of the colon during diges-
tion. There is no preceding wave of inhibition.

anastaltic (an-as-ial'-tik) [avaaraXTLKos, checking;
putting back], i. Strongly astringent. 2. Centri-
petal; afferent.

anastasis (an-as' -tas-is) [avaaraais, a setting up].
1. Recovery; convalescence. 2. An- upward afflux
of the body humors. 3. Resuscitation of one
apparently dead.

anastate (an' -as-tat) [avaffraros, caused to rise].
Any substance that appears in or is characteristic
of an anabolic process.

anastatic (an-asrtat' -ik) [see anastasis]. Tending
to recovery; restorative.

anastigmatic (an-ah-stig-mat'-ik) . Free from astig-
matism; said especially of photographic objectives
which are corrected for astigmatism as well as for
spheric and chromatic aberration.

anastole (an-as' -to-le) [avaaroKi], retracted I. Re-
traction; shrinking away, as of the lips of a wound.

anastomose (an-as' -to-moz) [see anastomosis].
To produce anastomosis; to communicate by anas-
tomosis.

anastomosis (an-as-to-mo' -sis) [avaaronoeiv, to
bring to a mouth]. 1. The intercommunication of
blood-vessels. 2. The establishment of a communi-
cation between two hollow parts or between two
distinct portions of the same organ. See a., intestinal.
3. A whetting of the appetite, a., crucial, an
arterial anastomosis in the upper part of the thigh,
formed by the anastomotic branch of the .sciatic, the
first perforating, the internal circumflex, and the
transverse branch of the external circumflex arteries.
a., entero-. See enter oanastomosis. a., intestinal,
an operation consisting in establishing a communi-
cation between two parts of the intestine.

anastomotic (an-as-to-mot'-ik) [see anastomosis],
1. Pertaining to anastomosis. 2. Sharpening the
appetite. 3. Aperient. 4. Causing dilation of the
peripheral blood-vessels. 5- A communicating ar-
tery or vein. See under artery and under vein.

anastomotica (an-as-to-mot'-ik-ah). 1. A communi-
cating artery or vein. 2. Tonic, aperient, or deob-
struent medicines, a. magna, see under artery.

anastomotris (an-as-to-mo' -tris) [L.; pi., anasto-
motrides]. Any kind of a dilating instrument.

anastrophe (an-as' -tro-fe) [ava<rTpk<j>eiv, to turn
upside down]. Inversion, particularly of the viscera.

anatherapeusis (an-ath-er-ap-u'-sis) [ava, up;
Bepaircvffis, medical treatment]. Treatment by in-
creasing doses.

anathrepsis (an-ath-rep'-sis) [avadp&{/is, a fresh
growth]. A renewal of lost flesh after recovery.

anathreptic (an-ath-rep'-tik) [avadpop is, a fresh
growth]. Restorative of lost flesh; nutritive.

anatomical, anatomic (an-at-om'-ik-al, an-at-om'-ik)
[anatomy]. Pertaining to anatomy, a. tubercle,
see verruca necrogenica.

anatomicochirurgical (an-a-tom-ik-o-ki-rur'-jik-al) .
Relating to anatomy and surgery.

anatomicomedical (an-at-om-ik-o-med' -ik-al) . Re-
lating to medicine and anatomy or to medical
anatomy.

anatomicopathological (an-at-om-ik-o-path-o-loj '-
ik-al). Pertaining to anatomy and pathology.

anatomicophysiological (an-at-om-ik-o-fiz-e-o-loj'-
ik-al). Relating to anatomy and physiology.

anatomic 0 surgical (an-at-om-ik-o-sur'-je-kal). Re-
lating to anatomy and surgery.

anatomist (an-at'-om-ist) [see anatomy]. One who
is expert in anatomy, a.'s snuff-box, the triangular
space between the tendons of the extensor of the
metacarpal bone of the thumb and the extensor of
the first phalanx on the back of the hand.

anatomize (an-at'-om-iz). To dissect.

anatomy (an-at'-o-me) [hva, up; rkfiveiv, to cut].
The science of the structure of organs or of organic
bodies, a., applied, anatomy as concerned in the
diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions.
a., artistic, that branch of anatomy treating of the
external form of men and animals, their osseous and
muscular systems, and the relative size of different
parts and members of their bodies, a., comparative,
the investigation and comparison of the anatomy of
different orders of animals or of plants, one with
another, a., descriptive, a study of the separate
and individual portions of the body, apart from
their relationship to surrounding parts, a., general,
that branch of descriptive anatomy treating of the
structure and physiological properties of the tissues

and their arrangement into systems without regard
to the disposition of the organs of which they form
a part, a., gross, anatomy dealing with the naked-
eye appearance of tissues, a., homological, the
study of the correlations of the several parts of the
body, a., medical, the application of anatomy to a
study of the causation and symptomatology of
nonsurgical diseases, a., microscopical, a., minute,
that studied under the microscope, a., morbid,
a., pathological, a study of diseased structures.
a., physiognomonical, the study of expressions
depicted upon the exterior of the body, especially
upon the face, a., physiological, an anatomical
study of tissues in respect to their functions, a.,
practical, dissection, a., regional, a study of limited
parts or regions of the body, the divisions of which
are collectively or peculiarly affected by disease,
injury, operations, etc. a., surgical, the application
of anatomy to surgery, a., topographical, the ana-
tomy of a part in its relation to other parts, a.,
transcendental, the study of the general design of
the body, and of the particular design of the organs.
Anatomy as related to theories of type, and evolu-
tion, a., vegetable, the branch of botany which
treats of the relative position, form, and structure
of the organs of plants, a., veterinary, the anatomy
of domestic animals.

anatresis (an-at-re'-sis) [avaTtrpav, to bore
through]. Perforation; trephining.

anatricrotic pulse (an-ah-tri-krot'-ik). A pulse
wave with three breaks on the ascending curve.

anatripsis (an-at-rip'-sis) [avdrpi^is, a rubbing].
1. Rubbing; the removal of a part or growth by
scraping or rubbing; inunction. 2. An upward or
centripetal movement in massage. 3. A crushing,
as of calculi. 4. Itching; scratching to allay
itching.

anatriptic (an-at-rip'-tik) [see anatripsis]. A medi-
cine to be applied by rubbing.

anaxon, anaxone (an-aks'-on) [av, priv.: axis].
A neuron devoid of axis-cylinder processes. Syn.,
amacrine cell.

anazotic (an-az-ot'-ik) [av, priv.; azotum, nitrogen].
Without azote or nitrogen.

anazoturia (an-az-ot-u'-re-ah) [av, priv.; azotum,
nhrogen; ovpov, urine]. A condition of deficient
excretion of nitrogen in the urine, the urea being
chiefly diminished.

anazyme (an'-a-zim). The commercial name for a
combination of carbolic and boric acids; it is a sub-
stitute for iodoform.

AnCC. Abbreviation for anodal closure contrac-
tion.

anchilops (ang'-kil-ops). See anckylops.

anchone (ang'-ko-ne) [a.7x«»'. to strangle]. A
spasmodic constriction of the throat observed in
hysteria.

anchorage (ang'-kor-aj). 1. The fixation of a
floating or displaced viscus, whether by a natural
process or by surgical means. 2. In dentistry, the
means adopted for the retention of a dental filling,
particularly its initial portion.

anchoraiis (an-ko-ra'-lis) [ancora, an anchor]. The
coronoid process of the ulna.

anchusin (ang'-ku-sin) [ayxovaa, alkanet], C35H40O8.
The red coloring-matter found in alkanet-root. See
alkanet.

ankyloblepharon (ang-kil-o-blef-ar-on). See an-
kyloblepharon.

anchyloglossia (ang-kil-o-glos'-e-ah). See ankylo-
glossia.

anchylops (ang'-kil-ops) [ayxi, near; <&^, the eye].
Abscess at inner angle of eye, prior to rupture.

anchylosis (ang-kil-o'-sis). See ankylosis.

ankylostomiasis (ang-kil-o-sto-mi'-as-is). See an-
kylostomiasis.

anchylostomum (ang-kil-os' -to-mum). See ankylo-
stoma.

ancipital (an-sip'-it-al) [anceps, double]. Two-
edged.

ancistrum (an-sis'-trum) [aynurrpov, a fish-hook].
A surgical hook.

ancon (ang'-kon) [aynbv, the elbow]. Originally
the olecranon process; applied to the elbow generally..

anconad (ang'-ko-nad) [ayn&v, the elbow]. Toward
the olecranon, or elbow.

anconagra (ang-kon-a'-grah) [ayK&v, the elbow.
ay pa, a seizure]. Arthritic pain at the elbow.

anconal, anconeal (ang'-kon-al, ang-ko' -ne-al)
[ay Kiev, the elbow]. Pertaining' to the elbow.

ANCONEN

55

ANEMONOL

anconen (ang' -kon-en) [ayKuv, the elbow]. Be-
longing to the ancon in itself.

anconeus (ang-ko-ne'-us). See under muscle.

anconoid (ang'-ko7t-oid) [ay kup, the elbow]. Re-
sembling the elbow.

ancyloglossum (an-sil-o-glos'-um). See tongue-tie.

ancylomele (an-sil-o-me'-le). See ankylomele.

Ancylostoma. See Ankylostoma.

ancyra (an'-si-rah) [aynvpa, an anchor]. A hook.

ancyroid (an'-sir-oid) [aynvpa, anchor; eWos,
form]. Shaped like an anchor.

Andernach's ossicles. See Wormian bones.

Andersen's ganglion [Carl Samuel Andersch,
German anatomist]. The petrosal ganglion. A.'s
nerve, see Jacobson's nerve.

Anderson's pill. The compound gamboge pill.
A.'s reaction for distinguishing between quinoline and
pyridine salts, the chloroplatinates of the latter, when
boiled with water, are changed into insoluble double
salts with the elimination of hydrogen chloride,
whereas the former remain in solution.

andolin (an'-do-lin). Trade name for a mixture of
anesthetics for spinal analgesia. It is said to contain
eucaine, stovaine, adrenalin hydrochloride and saline
solution.

Andral's decubitus [Gabriel Andral, French
physician, 1 797-1 876]. The position usually assumed
in the early stage of pleurisy by the patient, who
seeks to alleviate the pain by lying on the sound side.

andranatomy (an-dran-at'-o-me) [avrjp, a man;
avaTouLa, anatomy]. Human anatomy; the anatomy
or dissection of the male human subject.

Andreasch's reaction for cystein. To the hydro-
chloric acid solution add a few drops of dilute ferric
chloride solution and then ammonia. The liquid
will become a dark purplish red.

androgalactozemia (an-dro-gal-ak-to-ze'-me-ah)

[avrjp, man; -ydXo, milk; ^rjnia, loss]. The oozing of
milk from the male mamma.

androgenous (an-droj'-en-us) [av-qp, a man; yewav,
to bear]. Giving birth to males.

androgyna (an-droj'-in-ah) [aviip, a man; ywri,
woman]. A hermaphrodite; a female in whom the
genital organs are similar to those of the male.

androgyneity (an-droj' -in-e-it-e) [see androgyna].
Hermaphroditism.

androgynism (an-droj' -in-izm) [avrjp, man; yvvq,
woman]. Hermaphroditism.

androgynous (an-droj'-in-us) [avrip, man; ywf),
woman]. Hermaphrodite. Having the character-
istics of both sexes.

androgynus {an-droj'-in-us) [see androgyna]. A
hermaphrodite. A male with genital organs similar
to those of the female.

androlepsia (an-dro-lep'-si-ah) [av8po\j}\pia, a seizure
of men]. The process of fecundation in the female.

andrology (an-drol'-o-je) [av-qp, man; \6yos, sci-
ence]. 1. The science of man, especially of the
male sex. 2. The science of the diseases of the male
genitourinary organs.

andromania (an-dro-ma'-ne-ah) [avrjp, a man; pavla,
madness]. Nymphomania.

andrometoxin (an-drom-et-oks'-in) [Andromeda;
to^ikov, poison]. A poisonous anodyne principle
found in Andromeda japonica, occurring in Kalmia
lalifolia and some other ericaceous plants and found
in poisonous honey from Trebizond.

andromorphous (an-dro-mor'-fus) [&vf}p, man;
y.op4>fj, form]. Shaped like a man.

androphobia (an-dro-fo'-be-ah) [dv-qp, a man; <£6/Sos,
fear]. Fear or dislike of the male sex.

androphonomania (an-dro-fo-no-ma' -ne-ah) [avSpo-
4>6vos, man-killing; ixavia, madness]. Homicidal
insanity.

androsymphysia, androsymphysis (an-dro-sim-ftz' '-
e-ah, an-dro-sim'-fiz-is) [avrjp, a man; aw, together;
4>bei.v, to grow]. 1. A monstrosity formed by the
fusion of two male fetuses. 2. The growing together
of the male genitalia.

-ane. A suffix indicating a saturated hydrocarbon.
anebous (an-e'-bus) [av-qffos]. Not come to man's
estate; not having reached puberty; immature.

anecpyetous (an-ek-pi-e'-tus) [aveKwvrjTos]. 1. Not
suppurating. 2. Preventing suppuration; insuppur-
able.

anectasia (an-ek-ta' -se-ah) . See anectasis.
anectasin (an-ek' -ta-sin) [Lv, priv.; e/c, out of;
relveiv, to stretch]. A product of bacterial action
with an influence on the vasomotor nerves contrary
to ectasin (q. v.).

anectasis (an-ek' -las-is) [6.v, priv.; wraavs, ex-
tension]. Deficient size of an organ or part.

anedemin (an-e-de'-min) . Trade name of a dropsy
remedy. It is said to contain squill, strophanthus,
apocynum, and sambucus.

anedeus (an-e'-de-us) [a, priv.; alSoia, the genitals].
Lacking genital organs.

aneilema (an-i-le'-mah) [&va, up; dXeelp, to roll].
Flatulence; air or wind in the bowels; colic.

aneilesis (an-i-le'-sis) [aveikeelv , to roll together].
1. See aneilema. 2. Twisting of the body in ath-
letics. 3- Evolution.

Anel's operation for aneurysm [Dominique Anel,
French surgeon, 1628-1725]. Ligation on the cardiac
side close to the aneurysm. A.'s probe, A.'s sound,
a fine probe used for exploring or dilating the lac-
rimal puncta and lacrimal canals. A.'s syringe, a
yringes used in injecting fluids into the lacrimal
passages.

anelectric (an-el-ek'-trik) [&v, priv.; r)\eKTpov,
amber]. 1. Readily giving up electricity. 2. A
good conductor; a substance which readily parts
with electricity.

anelectrode (an-el-ek'-trod) [&va„ upward; electrode].
The positive pole of a galvanic battery; anode.

anelectrotonic (an-el-ek-tro-ton'-ik) [av, priv.;
fiKeKTpov, electricity; tovos, tension]. Relating to
anelectrotonus.

anelectrotonus (an-el-ek-trot'-o-nus) [see anelectro-
tonic]. The decreased irritability that is present in a
nerve in the neighborhood of the anode.

anematosis, ana?matosis (an-e-ma-lo'-sis). 1. Gen-
eral anemia. 2. Idiopathic anemia.

anemia (an-e'-me-ah) [6.v, priv.; alp.a, blood].
Deficiency of blood as a whole, or deficiency of the
number of the red corpuscles or of the hemoglobin.
It may be general or local. Local anemia, or ischemia,
is the result of mechanical interference with the circu-
lation of the affected part. General anemia is either
idiopathic or symptomatic, a., aplastic, anemia in
which the formative processes in the bone marrow
do not take place, a., cytogenic, synonym of a.,
idiopathic, a., essential, synonym of a., idiopathic.
■ a., idiopathic, a form in which the lesion is in the
blood or in the blood-making organs, a., infantum
pseudoleukemia, a form of primary anemia de-
scribed by von Jaksch as peculiar to the young child.
Morse holds that chlorosis is a condition wholly
foreign to infantile life and that von Jaksch's disease
does not represent a distinct clinical entity, a.,
lymphatic, synonym of Hodgkin's disease; see lym-
phadenoma. a., malignant, see pernicious anemia.
a., miners, see uncinariasis, a., myelogenous,
anemia attended with hyperplasia of myelogenous
tissue, a., paludal, anemia associated with or caused
by malaria, a., pernicious, see pernicious anemia.
a., primary, see a., idiopathic, a., secondary, that
due to a distinct cause, as hemorrhage, cancer,
wasting discharges, poisons, etc. Syn., symptomatic
anemia, a., septic, one which is septic to secondary
conditions, usually about the mouth, a., splenic,
chronic anemia with enlarged spleen, blood-changes,
chloranemia, leukopenia, hemorrhages from the
stomach, and pigmentation of the skin, a., sympto-
matic, see a., secondary. a., tunnel, see uncinariasis.

anemic (an-em'-ik) [see anemia]. Pertaining to
anemia, a. infarct, a wedge-shaped area of coagu-
lation-necrosis occurring in organs possessing terminal
arteries. It is the result of the sudden stopping of
such an artery by a thrombus or an embolus, a.
murmur, a murmur heard in anemic conditions, soft
and blowing in character, and disappearing with the
anemia. It is generally heard over the base of the
heart, a. necrosis, the coagulation-necrosis of
tissues resulting from the sudden stoppage of the
supplying artery.

anemometer (an-e-mom'-et-er) [avepos, wind;
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
the velocity of the wind.

Anemone (an-em' -o-ne) [avepZivrj, the wind-flower].
A genus of ranunculaceous herbs, most of which have
active medicinal and poisonous qualities. See
Pulsatilla.

anemonin (an-em' -o-nin) [see anemone], C15H12O6.
The active principle of the anemone. It is given
in bronchitis, asthma, and spasmodic cough. Dose
4-f gr- (0.016-0.048 Gm.) twice daily.

anemonol (an-em' -on-ol) [aveixoivq , wind-flower ;
oleum, oil]. The volatile oil extracted from anemone;
it is a powerful vesicant.

ANEMOPATHY

56

ANETHUM

anemopathy (an-em-op'-ath-e) [avefios, wind; irados,
disease]. Therapeutic treatment by inhalation.

anemophobia (an-e-mo-fo'-be-ah) [avep-os, wind;
4>bfios, fear]. Morbid dread of draughts or of winds.

anemotrophy, or anaemotrophy (an-em-ot'-ro-fe)
[av, priv.; alfia, blood; rpo<t>i), nourishment]. A de-
ficiency of blood nourishment; an impoverished
state of the blood.

anemydria, ana?mydria (an-em-id'-re-ah) [a, priv.;
alfia, blood; vSop, water]. Insufficiency of the
watery element in blood.

anencephalia (an-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [av, priv.; £yK.e<f>a-
Xoj, brain]. Congenital absence of the brain.

anencephalic (an-en-sef-al'-ik) [av, priv.; £yKk<f>a\os,
brain]. Pertaining to or characterized by anen-
cephalia.

anencephalohemia {an-en-sef-al-o-he'-me-ah) [av,
priv.; £yKe<f>a\os, brain; alp.a, blood]. Insufficiency
of blood in the brain.

anencephaloid (an-en-sef'-al-oid) [av, priv.; £yice<p-
aXos, brain]. Pertaining to anencephalia.

anencephaloneuria (an-en-sef-al-on-u'-re-ah) [av,
priv.; iyKe<t>a\os, brain; vevpov, a nerve]. Imperfect
nerve-action of the brain.

anencepbalotrophia, or anencephalotrophy (an-en-
sef-al-o-tro' -je-ah or -lot'-ro-fe) [av, priv.; eyicecfraXos,
brain; rpo4>i\, nutrition]. Atrophy, or lack of nutri-
tion of the brain. /

anencephalus (an-en-sef'-al-us) [see anencephalia].
A species of single autositic monsters in which there
is no trace of the brain.

anenergia (an-en-er'-je-ah) [av, priv.; evkpyeia,
energy]. Lack of vigor or power.

anenteremia (an-en-ter-e'-me-ah) [av, priv.; evrepov,
an intestine; dt/ia, blood]. Bloodless condition of the
bowels.

anenteroneuria (an-en-ter-o-nu'-re-ah) [av, priv.;
IvTtpov an intestine; vevpov, a nerve]. Intestinal
atony.

anenterotrophia (an-en-ter-o-tro'-fe-ah) [&v, priv.;
ivrepov, an intestine; Tpo<pri, nourishment]. Defec-
tive intestinal nutrition.

anenterous (an-en'-ter-us) [av, priv.; evrepov,
intestine]. In biology, having no intestine, as a
tapeworm or a fluke.

anepia (an-ep'-e-ah) [aveirqs, speechless]. In-
ability to speak.

anepiploic (an-ep-ip-lo'-ik) [av, priv.; iirlirXoov,
the caul]. Having no epiploon or omentum.

anepithymia (an-ep-e-thim'-e-ah) [av, priv.; kwldv-
p.ia, desire). Loss of any natural appetite.

anerethisia (an-er-eth-iz'-e-ah) [av, priv.; epedtfeiv,
to excite]. Imperfect irritability, as of a muscle or
nerve.

anergasis (an-er'-ga-sis) [see anergia], 'Absence of
functional activity.

anergia (an-er' -je-ah) [av, priv.; epyov, work].
Sluggishness; inactivity.

anergic (an-er'-jik) [see anergia]. Characterized
by sluggishness; as, anergic dementia.

aneroid (an'-er-oid) [&, priv.; vrjpos, wet; e!5os,
form]. Working without a fluid, a. barometer, see
barometer.

anerythroblepsia (an-er-ith-ro-blep'-se-ah). Same
as anerythropsia.

anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop'-se-ah) [av, priv.;
ipvdpos, red; oi/as, sight]. Impaired color-perception
of red.

anesin, aneson (an'-es-in, an'-es-on). A proprietary
aqueous solution of acetone-chloroform; used as a
hypnotic and local anesthetic.

anesis (an'-es-is) [aveats, remission]. An abate-
ment or relaxation in the severity of symptoms.

anesthecinesis, anaesthecinesis (an-es-the-sin-e'-sis)
[a, priv.; aiadrja-is, feeling; kIvt)o-is, movement], A
condition marked by loss of sensibility and motor
capacity.

anesthesia, anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-ah) [avaio-drjo-la,
want of feeling]. A condition of total or partial
insensibility, particularly to touch, a. angiospas'-
tica, loss of sensibility due to spasm of blood-vessels.
a., bul'bar, that due to a lesion in the medulla
oblongata, a., central, due to disease in the nerve-
centers, a., cerebral, that due to disease of the
cerebrum, a., crossed, anesthesia on one side of the
body, due to a central lesion of the other side, a.,
disso'ciated, loss of pain and temperature sensations,
the tactile sense being still present, a. dolorosa,
severe pain experienced after the occurrence of
complete motor and sensory paralysis, a symptom

observed in certain diseases of the spinal cord.
a., dolorous (of Liebreich), the transient but painful
anesthesia produced by the injection of water in
sufficient quantity to edematize the papillary layer
of the derma and subjacent layers. The pain is due
to the inhibitory swelling of the cells, a., efferent,
that due to disorder of the nerve-terminations,
disturbing their conductivity, a., electric, anes-
thesia caused by the passage of an electric current
through a part, a., facial, anesthesia of those parts
to which the sensory branches of the fifth cranial
nerve are distributed, a., general, anesthesia of the
entire body, including the abolition of all perceptive
power with consequent loss of consciousness, a.,
girdle, a zone of anesthesia encircling the body, due
to circumscribed disease of the spinal cord, a.,
infiltration-, local anesthesia effected by subcutaneous
injections, a., intraneural, local anesthesia effected
by injection into a nerve trunk, a., Javanese, that
produced by pressure upon the carotids, a., local,
that limited to a part of the body, a., mixed, that
partially produced and prolonged by the administra-
tion of morphine or other cerebral anodyne before the
anesthetic is given, a., muscular, loss of the muscu-
lar sense, a., olfactory, anosmia, a., optic, amauro-
sis, a., partial, anesthesia in which some degree of
sensibility is still present, a., peripheral, that
depending upon changes in the peripheral nerves.
a., primary, a temporary insensibility to slight pain
occurring in the beginning of anesthesia and during
which minor operations can be performed, a.,
rectal, that produced by the injection of an anes-
thetic agent into the rectum, a., regional, that
limited to a part of body supplied by an afferent
nerve which has been cocainized, a., sexual, ana-
phrodisia. a., spinal, (i) that due to a lesion of
the spinal cord; (2) that produced by the injection
of an anesthetic into the spinal subarachnoid space.
a., surgical, that induced by the surgeon by means
of anesthetics for the purpose of preventing pain,
producing relaxation of muscles, or for diagnostic
purposes, a., tactile, loss of sense of touch, a.,
thermic, loss of temperature sense, a., unilateral,
hemianesthesia.

anesthesimeter (an-es-lhes-im'-et-er) [anesthesia;
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument to measure the
amount of an anesthetic administered in a given time.

anesthesin {an-es'-thes-in). Paramidobenzoic acid
ester; it is used as a local anesthetic, also, internally,
for gastralgia.

anesthesiology (an-es-the-ze-ol'-O'je) [anesthesia;
X670S, science]. The science of anesthesia and
anesthetics.

anesthetic (an-es-thet'-ik) [see anesthesia]. 1. With-
out feeling; insensible to touch or pain. 2. A
substance that produces insensibility to touch or to
pain, diminished muscular action, and other phe-
nomena. Anesthetics may be general, local, partial,
and complete, a., general, one used for securing
general anesthesia, a. (general) mixtures, contain
combinations of substances for producing anesthesia.
a., local, an anesthetic that, locally applied, produces
absence of sensation in the organ or tissue so treated.

anestheticism {an-es-iheV -is-izm) [anesthetic]. The
quality of being anesthetic.

anesthetization (an-es-thet-iz-a'-shuri) [avaia-B^Tos,
insensible]. The act of placing under the influence
of an anesthetic.

anesthetize (an-es'-thel-iz) [see anesthetization].
To put under the influence of an anesthetic.

anesthetist, anesthetizer (an-es'-thet-ist, an-es'-
thet-i-zer) [see anesthetization]. One who administers
an anesthetic.

anesthol (an-es'-thol). A trade name for a mixture
of ether, chloroform and ethyl chloride. The pro-
portions of ether and chloroform vary; the ethyl
chloride is 17 per cent. It is used as a general anes-
thetic.

anesthyl (an-es'-thil). A local anesthetic said to
consist of ethyl chloride, 5 parts; methyl chloride,
1 part.

anethol (an'-elh-ol) [anethum; oleum, oil], C10H12O.
The chief constituent of the essential oils of anise
and fennel. It is employed in preparing the elixir
anethi (N. F.), being more fragrant and agreeable
than the anise oil. a., liquid, an isomeric modifica-
tion of anethol; it is an antiseptic, oil-like liquid.
Syn., isanethol.

anethum (an-e'-thum) [av&, up; aWeiv, to burn,
from the pungency of the seeds]. Dill; the dried

ANETIC

57

ANGINA

fruit of Peucedanum graveolens, indigenous to southern
Europe. It is aromatic, carminative, and stimulant.
Dose of the oil (oleum anelhi, B. P.) 1-4 min. (0.06-
0.24 Cc); of the water (aqua anethi, B. P.) 1-2 oz.
(30-60 Cc).

anetic (an-et'-ik) [Avert/cos, relaxing]. Soothing;
calmative; anodyne.

anetiological (an-e-te-o-loj'-ik-al) [av, priv.; alrla,
cause; \6yos, word]. Having no known cause;
dysteleological.

anetodermia (an-et-o-der'-me-ah) [averos, relaxed;
Sep/xa, skin]. Relaxation of the skin.

anetus (an'-et-us) [averos, loosened]. Any inter-
mittent fever.

aneuria (ah-nu'-re-ah) [&, priv.; vevpov, a nerve].
Lack of nervous power.

aneuric (ah-nu'-rik) [see aneuria]. Characterized
by aneuria.

aneurism (an'-u-rizm). See aneurysm.

aneuros (ah-nu'-ros) [avevpos, without sinews].
Feeble, inelastic, relaxed.

aneurosis (ah-nil-ro' -sis) [a, priv.; vevpov, a nerve].
A lack of nerves.

aneurysm (an'-u-rizm) [avevpvo-p.a, a widening].
A circumscribed dilatation of the walls of an artery.
Syn., Abscessus spirituosus. a., abdominal, an
aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, a., active,
cardiac dilation with hypertrophy, a., acute, an
ulceration of the heart-wall which, by communicating
with one of the chambers of the heart, forms an
aneurysmal pouch, a., ampullary, a small saccular
aneurysm; it is most common in the arteries of the
brain, a. by anastomosis, a dilatation of a large
number of vessels, — small arteries, veins, and capil-
laries,— the whole forming a pulsating tumor under
the skin. This form of aneurysm is especially seen
upon the scalp, a., arteriovenous, the simultaneous
rupture of an artery and a vein, the blood from both
being poured out into the cellular tissue and forming
a false aneurysm. A varicose aneurysm is produced
by the rupture of an aneurysm into a vein. An
aneurysmal varix results from the establishment of
a communication between an artery and a vein, the
latter becoming dilated and pulsating, a., cardiac,
an aneurysm of the heart, a., circumscribed, an
aneurysm, either true or false, in which the contents
are still within the artery though there may be
rupture of one or two of its coats, a., cirsoid, a
tortuous lengthening and dilatation of a part of an
artery, a., compound, one in which one or several of
the coats of the artery are ruptured and the others
merely dilated, a., consecutive, a., diffused, follows
rupture of all the arterial coats, with infiltration of
surrounding tissues with blood, a., dissecting, one
in which the blood forces its way between the coats
of an artery, a., ectatic, an expansion of a portion
of an artery due to yielding of all the coats, a.,
endogenous, one formed by disease of the vessel-
walls, a., exogenous, one due to traumatism.
a., external. 1. One remote from the great body-
cavities. 2. One in which the cavity of the tumor is
entirely or chiefly outside of the inner coat of the
artery, a., false, a., spurious, one due to a rupture
of all the coats of an artery, the effused blood being
retained by the surrounding tissues, a., fusiform, a
spindle-shaped dilatation of an artery, a., hernial,
one in which the internal coat of the artery, with or
without the middle coat, forms the aneurysmal sac
which has forced its way through an opening in the
outer coat. a.» lateral, an aneurysm projecting on
one side of a vessel, the rest of the circumference
being intact, a., miliary, a sac-like dilatation of an
arteriole, often the size of a pin's head, a., mycotic,
one due to the growth of bacteria in the vessel-wall.
a., osteoid, a pulsating tumor of a bone, a., partial.
1. See a., lateral. 2. An aneurysmal dilatation of a
portion of the heart, a., passive, a., passive cardiac,
cardiac dilatation with thinning of the heart-wall.
a., peripheral, a., peripheric, one involving the whole
circumference of an artery, a., racemose, see c,
cirsoid, a., sacculated, a sac-like dilatation of an
artery communicating with the main arterial trunk
by an opening that is relatively small, a., spurious,
see a., false, a., subclavicular, an aneurysm of the
axillary artery at a point too high to admit of liga-
tion below the clavicle, a., surgical, see a., external.
a., true, one in which the sac is formed of one, two,
or all of the arterial coats, a., varicose, see under
a., arteriovenous.

aneurysmal (an-u-riz'-mal) [see aneurysm]. Of the

nature of or pertaining to an aneurysm, a. diathesis,
a body-condition favoring the development of
aneurysms, a. varix, see under aneurysm, arterio-
venous.

aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat'-ik) [avevpvap.a, a
widening]. Affected with or of the nature of aneu-
rysm.

aneurysmectomy (an-u-riz-mek' -to-me) [avebpvopa,
aneurysm; enron-h, excision]. Excision of the sac of
an aneurysm.

aneurysmoplasty (an-u-riz'-mo-plas-te). Restora-
tion of the artery in aneurysm; reconstructive endo-
aneurysmorrhaphy.

aneurysmorrhaphy (an-u-riz-mor'-af-e). The sutur-
ing of an aneurysm.

aneurysmotomy (an-u-riz-mof -o-me) . Incision
into the sac of an aneurysm.

aneurysmus (an-u-riz' -mus) . 1. Dilatation; for
formation of an aneurysm. 2. Aneurysm.

aneuthanasia (an-u-than-a' -se-ah) [a, priv.; eWa-
vaaia, an easy death]. A painful or difficult death.

an. ex. (an'-eks). An abbreviation of anode excita-
tion.

anfract (an'-frakt) [anfractus, a winding]. An an-
fractuosity or sinuosity; an anfractuous organ or
structure.

anfractuosity (an-frak-lu-os'-it-e) [anfractus, a
bending round]. 1. Any one of the furrows or sulci
between the cerebral convolutions. 2. Any spiral
turn or winding; an interruption; a detour, a.,
ethmoidal, an ethmoidal cell.

anfractuous (an-frak'-tu-us) [anfractus, a bending
round]. Characterized by windings and turnings;
sinuous.

angeial (an-je'-al) [ayyeiov, a vessel]. Vascular.

angeio- (an-je-o-). See angio-.

Angelica (an-jel'-ik-ah) [L.]. The seeds and root
of Angelica archangelica. It is an aromatic stimu-
lant and emmenagogue. Dose of the seeds or roots
30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 Gm.).

angel's wing (an'-jelz wing). A deformity of the
scapula in which it turns forward and then backward,
giving the shoulder a peculiar dorsal bulge.

angi (an'-je). Inguinal buboes.

angiectasis (an-je-ek'-tas-is) [ayyeiov, a vessel;
l/crao-ts, dilation]. Abnormal dilatation of a vessel;
enlargement of capillaries.

angiectopia (an-je-ek-to'-pe-ah) [ayyeiov, a vessel;
£kt6ttos, displaced]. Displacement or abnormal
position of a vessel.

angielcosis (an-je-el-ko'-sis). See angielcus.

angielcus, or angeielcus (an-je-el'-kus) [ayyeiov, a
vessel; eXros, an ulcer]. An ulcer in the walls of a
vessel.

angiemphraxis (an-je-em-fraks'-is) [d-y^eld', a
vessel; ep.<t>pa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction of a
vessel or of vessels.

angiitis, angeitis (an-je-i'-tis) [ayyeiov, a vessel;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph-
vessel or of a blood-vessel.

angileucitis (an-je-lu-si'-tis). Same as angio-
leucitis.

angina (an'-jin-ah or (incorrectly) an-ji'-nah)
[angere, to strangle]. Any disease attended by a
sense of choking or suffocation, particularly an
affection of the fauces or pharynx presenting such
symptoms, a. abdominis, a condition due to
aneurysm or arteriosclerosis of the celiac plexus, and
accompanied by severe paroxysms of abdominal
pain. a. acuta, simple sore throat. Syn., angina
simplex, a. aphthosa, a., aphaethous, a form attended
with the formation of aphthae in some part of the
throat, a. canina, croup, a., cardiac, angina
pectoris, a. cruris, intermittent lameness, a. exsu-
dativa, croup, a. externa, synonym of mumps.
a., fibrinous, a noninfectious disease of the throat
simulating diphtheria, marked by the formation of a
layer of fibrinous exudation which is chiefly confined
to the tonsils. > The constitutional symptoms are
slight, a., follicular, clergyman's sore throat; see
pharyngitis, granular, a., herpetic, angina observed
in connection with smallpox and herpes, marked by
formation of vesicles in the throat which may be
attended with patches of exudation, a. laryngea,
synonym of laryngitis, a. lingualis, same as glossitis.
a. Ludovici, a., Ludwig's, see Ludwig's angina.
a. maligna, diphtheria, a. maxillaris, mumps, a.
membranacea, synonym of diphtheria, a. parotidea,
the mumps, or parotitis a. pectoris, a paroxysmal
neurosis with intense pian and oppression about the

ANGINAL

58

ANGIONEUROSIS

heart. It usually occurs in the male after 40 years
of age, and is generally associated with diseased
conditions of the heart and aorta. There is a sense
of impending death, and frequently there is a fatal
termination, a. pectoris vasomotoria, a term given
by Nothnagel and Landois to an angina associated
with vasomotor disturbances, coldness of the surface,
etc. a., phlegmonous. 1. An inflammation of the
mucous and submucous tissues of the throat, with a
tendency to extend more deeply, attended by edema-
tous swelling. 2. Acute inflammation of the deep-
seated structures of the throat, with a tendency to
pus-formation, a., pseudo-, a neurosis occurring
in anemic females, simulating angina pectoris, but
characterized by a less grave set of symptoms and
never resulting fatally, a., pultaceous, an affection
of the throat marked by the presence of whitish or
grayish patches which are easily detached, as they
are not true exudations, a., rheumatic, a form of
catarrhal angina in rheumatic persons, marked by
sudden onset of intense pain on swallowing, a.
serosa, a., serous. 1. Catarrhal angina. 2. Edema
of the glottis, a. simplex, see a., acuta, a. suffoca-
tiva, diphtheria, a., thymic. 1. Laryngismus strid-
ulus. 2. Bronchial asthma, a. tonsillans, quinsy.
a. trachealis, croup, a., ulceromembranous, see
tonsillitis, herpetic, a. varicosa, dyspnea due to
enlarged tonsillar vessels, a. vera, a. vera et legitima,
quinsy.

anginal (an'-jin-al). Relating to angina.

anginoid (an'-jin-oid) [see angina]. Resembling
angina.

anginophobia (an-ji-no-fo'-be-ah) [angina; <j>b(ios,
fear]. Morbid fear of angina pectoris.

anginose (an'-jin-os) [see angina]. Pertaining to
angina; characterized by symptoms of suffocation.

angio- (an-je-o-). A prefix signifying relating to a

angioasthenia (an-je-o-as-the'-ne-ah) [angio-; a<rde-
yeta, weakness]. Atony of Ihe blood-vessels.

angioataxia (an-je-o-at-aks'-e-ah) [angio-; &ra£ia,
want of order]. An irregularity in the tension of the
blood-vessels.

angioblast (an'-je-o-blast) [angio-; jSXcuttos, a germ].
An embryonic cell developing into vascular tissue.

angiocardiokinetic (an-je-o-kar-de-o-kin-et'-ik) [an-
gio-; KapSia, heart; Kivtlv, to move]. 1. Stimulating
or affecting the action of movements of the heart
and blood-vessels. 2. A drug which stimulates or
affects the movements of the heart and blood-
vessels.

angiocarditis (an-je-o-kar-di'-tis) [angio-; KapSia,
the heart; ins, inflammation]. An inflammation of
the heart and blood-vessels (hypothetical).

angiocavernous (an-je-o-kav'-er-nus). Relating to
cavernous angioma.

angioceratodeitis. See angiokeratoditis.

angiochalasis, or angeiochalasis (an-je-o-kal'-as-is)
[angio-; x<*Xao-is, relaxation]. Dilatation or relaxa-
tion of the blood-vessels.

angiocheiloscope (an-je-o-ki'-lo-skop) [angio-; x«t-
Xos, a lip; aKo-rrelv, to look]. An instrument by
means of which the blood-circulation in the capil-
laries of the mucosa of the lips is magnified for
observation.

angiocholitis (an-je-o-ko-li'-tis) [angio-; x°Xi?, bile;
wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the biliary
ducts.

angioderma pigmentosum (an-je-o-der'-mah pig-
men-to' -sum) . See atrophoderma.

angiodermatitis (an-je-o-der-mat-i'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the vessels of the skin.

angiodiastasis (an-je-o-di-as'-tas-is) [angio-; Siaa-
rao-is, a separation]. 1. Displacement or dilatation
of a vessel. 2. Retraction of the severed ends of a
blood-vessel.

angiodystrophia, angiodystrophy (an-je-o-dis-tro'-
fe-ah, -dis'-tro-fe) [angio-; Svs, bad; rpo(j>r}, nourish-
ment]. Defective nutrition of the vessels.

angioelephantiasis {an-je-o-el-e-fan-ti'-as-is). See
elephantiasis telangiectodes.

angiofibroma (an-je-o-fi-bro'-mah). A fibrous de-
generating angioma.

angiogenesis, angiogeny (an-je-o-jen'-es-is, an-je-
og'-en-e) [angio-; ytwav, to produce]. The develop-
ment of the vessels.

angioglioma (an-je-o-gli-o'-mah) [angio-; glioma],
A glioma rich in blood-vessels.

angiograph (an'-je-o-graf) [angio-; ypa<j>etv, to
write]. A variety of sphygmograph.

angiography (an-je-og'-ra-fe) [see angiograph].
A description of the vessels; angiology.

angiokeratoditis (an-je-o-ker-at-o-di'-tis) [angio-;
Kepas, cornea; ms, inflammation]. Vascular kera-
titis.

angiokeratoma (an-je-o-ker-at-o'-mah) [angio-;
Kepas, horn; op.a, tumor]. Lymphangiectasis ; telan-
giectatic wart; a very rare disease of the extremities,
characterized by warty-looking growths that develop
on dilated vessels in persons with chilblains, etc.
Dark vascular spots the size of pin-points or pin-
heads develop as an attack of chilblains is sub-
siding. The disease is peculiar to childhood.

angiokinesis (an-je-o-kin-e'-sis) [angio-; nweiv, to
move]. Excitation or action of the blood-vessels.

angioleucitis (an-je-o-lu-si'-tis) [angio-; Xewcos,
white; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
lymphatic vessels.

angioleukasia (an-je-o-lii-ka'-zhe-ah) [angio-; Xewcos,
white; e/crcuris, dilation]. Dilation of the lym-
phatics.

angiolith (an'-je-o-lith) [angio-; Xi'0os, stone]. A
venous calculus, phlebolith.

angiolithic (an-je-o-lith'-ik) [angio-; Xi0os, a stone].
A "term applied to neoplasms in which crystalline or
mineral deposits take place, with hyaline degeneration
of the coats of the vessels.

angiology {an-je-ol'-o-je) [angio-; \6yos, science].
The science of the blood-vessels and lymphatics.

angiolymphitis (an-je-o-limf-i'-tis). Same as angio-
leucitis.

angiolymphoma (an-je-o-limf-o'-mah) [angio-; lym-
pha, lymph; 6p.a, tumor]. A tumor formed of lym-
phatic vessels.

angioma (an-je-o' -mah) [angio-; 6p.a, a tumor].
A tumor formed of blood-vessels, a., cavernous, an
angioma with communicating blood-spaces, like the
cavernous tissue of the penis, originating chiefly
from the distended veins. Syn., angioma cavernosum;
angioma circumscriptum, a., fissural, Virchow's
name for a nevus which he judged, from its location,
corresponding to that of a fetal fissure, might be due
to a disposition to form anomalies on the part of the
region adjacent to the fissures, a., plexlform, one
consisting of enlarged, tortuous capillaries forming a
patch varying in color from claret to steel-blue; if
there is great increase of blood-vessels, the growth
has the character of a tumor, and large examples
of this variety are lobular in structure, a. serpi-
ginosum, infective angioma; nevus, lupus, a.,
telangiectatic, an angioma composed of dilated
blood-vessels, a., tuberose, a., tuberous, one
occurring in subcutaneous tissue and presenting the
appearance of a lipoma as it gradually replaces the
adipose tissue, or it may be accompanied by a true
fatty growth.

angiomalacia (an-je-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [angio-; p.a\a-
ula, a softening]. Softening of the blood-vessels.

angiomatosis (an-je-o-mat-o'-sis). A condition
favoring the production of angiomata.

angiometer (an-je-om'-et-er). See sphygmograph.

angiomyces (an-je-o-mi'-sez) [angio-; fivK-qs, a
fungus; an excrescence]. A fungoid or spongy dila-
tion of the capillaries.

angiomyocardiac (an-je-o-mi-o-kar'-de-ak) [angio-;
nvs, muscle; KapSia, the heart]. Pertaining to the
blood-vessels and the muscle of the heart.

angiomyoma (an-je-o-mi-o'-mah) [angio-; /xOs, a
muscle; ojua, a tumor: pi., angiomyomata]. A vascu-
lar and erectile muscular tumor.

angiomyopathy (an-je-o-mi-op'-a-the) [angio-; juDs,
muscle; iraBos, disease]. Any affection of the vessels
involving the musculature.

angiomyosarcoma (an-je-o-mi-o-sar-ko'-mah). A
tumor containing elements of angioma, myoma, and
sarcoma.

angioneoplasma (an-je-o-ne-o-plaz'-mah) [angio-;
veos, new; ir\aa-p.a, moulded substance; pi., angioneo-
plasmata]. A neoplasm made up of blood-vessels or
lymph-vessels.

angioneurectomy (an-je-o-nu-rek' '-to-me) [angio-;
veupov, nerve; tKTop.i), excision]. Resection of all
the cord-elements of the prostate except the vas,
with its artery and vein.

angioneuredema (an-je-o-nu-red-e'-mah). Same as
angioneuradema.

angioneuroedema (an-je-o-nu-ro-e-de'-mah). See
angioneurotic edema.

angioneurosis (an-je-o-nu-ro'-sis) [angio-; neurosis].
A neurosis of the blood-vessels; a disturbance of the

ANGIONEUROTIC

59

ANGLE

vasomotor system, either of the nature of a spasm of
the blood-vessels (angiospasm) or of paralysis (angio-
paralysis) .

angioneurotic (an-je-o-nu-rot'-ik) [see angioneuro-
sis]. Pertaining to angioneurosis. a. edema, an
acute circumscribed swelling of the subcutaneous or
submucous tissues, probably due to vasomotor
lesion. The disease often runs in families. It is at
times periodic, and is associated with colic and
gastric disturbances.

angioneurotomy (an-je-o-nu-rof -o-rtie) [angio-; vev-
pov, nerve; ropy, a cutting]. Division of the
nerves and vessels of a part.

angionoma (an-je-on-o'-mah) [angio-; vopi], ulcer].
Ulceration of a vessel.

angionosis (an-je-o-no'-sis) [angio-; vooos, a
disease]. See angiopathy.

angiopancreatitis (an-je-o-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). In-
flammation of the vascular tissue of the pancreas.

angioparalysis (an-je-o-par-al'-is-is) [angio-; irapa-
XiKTis, paralysis]. Vasomotor paralysis.

angioparalytic (an-je-o-par-al-it'-ik) [see angio-
paralysis]. Relating to or characterized by angio-
paralysis.

angioparesis (an-je-o-par'-es-is) [angio-; irapeois,
paresis]. Partial paralysis of the vasomotor appar-
atus.

angiopathy (an-je-op'-a-the) [angio-; irados, disease].
Any disease of the vascular system.

angiophorous (an-je-of'-or-us) [angio-; <f>epelv, to
bear]. Applied to tissue which accompanies and
supports vessels.

angioplania (an-je-o-pla'-ne-ah) [angio-; irXavri, a
wandering]. Irregularity or abnormality in the
course of a vessel.

angioplasty (an'-je-o-plas-te) [angio-; ir\6.ootiv, to
form]. Plastic surgery upon blood-vessels.

angioplerosis (an-je-o-pler-o'-sis) [angio-; wXripwois,
a filling-up]. vEngorgement of the vessels.

angiopressure (an-je-o-presh'-ur) . The production
of hemostasis by means of angiotribe and forceps
without ligation.

angiorhigosis (an-je-o-ri-go'-sis) [angio-; piyos,
cold]. Rigidity of the vessels.

angiorrhagia, or angeiorrhagia (an-je-or-a'-je-ah)
[angio-; prjyvwai, to break]. Bleeding from a
vessel.

angiorrhaphy (an-je-or'-af-e) [angio-; pa<pv, suture].
Suture of a vessel or vessels, a., arteriovenous, the
suturing of an artery to a vein, so as to turn the
arterial blood into the vein.

angiorrhea (an-je-or-e'-ah) [angio-; peiv, to flow].
An oozing of blood.

angiorrhexis (an-je-or-eks'-is) [angio-; p^is. a
bursting]. Rupture of a blood-vessel.

angiosarcoma (an-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) [angio-; <rap£,
flesh; 6pa, a tumor]. A vascular sarcoma.

angiosclerosis (an-je-o-skle-ro'-sis) [angio-; oi<\rjp6s,
hard]. The induration and thickening of the walls
of the blood-vessels.

angioscope (an'-je-o-skop) [angio-; anoirelv, to
inspect]. An instrument for examining the capillary
vessels.

angiosialitis (an-je-o-si-al-i'-tis) [angio-; oLaKov,
saliva; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
duct of a salivary gland.

angiosis (an-je-o'-sis) [6.yyeTov, a vessel]. Any
disease of blood-vessels or of lymphatics.

angiospasm (an'-je-o-spazm) [angio-; o-n-a.o-p.6s, a
spasm]. A vasomotor spasm.

angiospastic (an-je-o-spas'-tik) [see angiospasm].
Characterized by or of the nature of angiospasm.

angiosperm (an'-je-o-sperm) [angio-; oireppa, seed].
In biology, a plant the seeds of which are produced
within a closed vessel.

angiostegnosis (an-je-o-steg-no'-sis) [angio-; arky-
vuo-is, stoppage]. Stoppage or constriction of a
vessel.

angiostenosis (an-je-o-sten-o'-sis) [angio-; arkvaois,
a narrowing]. Narrowing of a vessel.

angiosteogenic, angiosteogenous (an-je-o-ste-oj'-
en-ik, -us) [angio-; barkov, a bone; yevvav, to pro-
duce]. Relating to, producing, or produced by
calcification of the vessels.

angiostrophe, angiostrophy (an-je-os'-tro-fe) [angio-;
o-Tpo<j>o, a twist]. Torsion of a vessel for the arrest
of hemorrhage.

angiosymphysis (an-je-o-sim'-fiz-is) [angio-; ovp-
<pvois, a growing together]. The growing together of
vessels.

angiosynizesis (an-je-o-sin-e-ze'-sis) [angio-; avpi-
Xavtiv, to collapse]. The collapse of the walls of a
vessel and subsequent growing together.

angiotasis (an-je-ot'-as-is) [angio-; rao-is, tension].
The tension of the vessels.

angiotatic (an-je-ot-al'-ik) [angio-; roots, tension].
Relating to angiotasis.

angiotelectasia, angiotelectasis (an-je-o-tel-ek-ta'-
ze-ah, an-je-o-tel-ek'-ta-sis). See telangiectasis.

angiotenic (an-je-o-ten'-ik) [angio-; rdvtiv, to
stretch]. Due to or marked by distention of the
blood-vessels.

angioteria (an-je-o-te'-re-ah) [angio-; rkpas, a
wonder]. An abnormal development of the vascular
system.

angio thlipsis (an-je-o-thlip'-sis) [angio-; flXi/Sew, to
rub; to gall]. The abrasion of a vessel.

angiotitis (an-je-o-ti'-tis) [angio-; otitis]. Inflam-
mation of the blood-vessels of the ear.

angiotome (an'-je-o-tom) [angio-; rop-q, a cutting]
The vascular tissue of an embryonic metamere.

angiotomy (an-je-ot'-o-me) [see angiotome]. i. In-
cision into a vessel. 2. That branch of anatomy
relating to the vascular system.

angiotribe (an'-je-o-trib) [angio-; rplfieiv, to grind
or bruise]. A clamp furnished with powerful jaws
used by Turner to occlude arteries in vaginal hyster-
ectomy.

angiotripsy (an-je-o-trip'-se) [see angiotribe]. Vas-
cular torsion and compression by means of the
angiotribe.

angitis (an-ji'-tis). See angiitis.

angle, angulus (ang'-gl, ang'-gu-lus) [angulus, an
angle]. 1. A corner. 2. The degree of divergence
of two lines or planes that meet each other; the space
between two such lines, a. of aberration, see a. of
deviation, a., acromial, that formed between the
head of the humerus and the clavicle, a., alpha, in
optics, that formed by the intersection of the visual
line and optic axis, a., alveolar, that formed between
a line passing through a spot beneath the nasal spine
and the most prominent point of the lower edge of
the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and the
cephalic horizontal line. a. of aperture, in optics,
that included between two lines joining the opposite
points of the periphery of a lens and the focus, a.,
biorbital, in optics, that formed by the intersection
of the axes of the orbits, a., cardio-hepatic, the
angle formed by the junction of the upper limit of
hepatic dullness with the right lateral line of cardiac
dullness, a., carrying, angle between the longi-
tudinal axis of the forearm and that of the arm, when
the forearm is extended, a., costal, the angle formed
by the meeting of ribs at the ensiform cartilage.
a., critical, that made by a beam of light passing
from a rarer to a denser medium, with the perpen-
dicular, without being entirely reflected, a. of
deviation. 1. In magnetism, the angle traversed by
the needle when disturbed by some magnetic force.
2. In optics, that formed by a refracted ray and the
prolongation of the incident ray. a.s, distal, the
angles formed by the union of the other surfaces of
the tooth crown with the distal surface, a. of ele-
vation, in optics, that made by the visual plane
with its primary position when moved upward or
downward, a., epigastric, same as a., costal, a.,
great, of the eye, the inner angle of the eye. a. of
incidence, in optics, the angle at which a ray of light
strikes a denser medium and undergoes reflection or
refraction, a.s, incisal, in dentistry, the angles of
the various lateral surfaces of the tooth crowns at
their junction with the incisal surface, a. of inclina-
tion (of pelvic canal), in obstetrics, that formed by
the anterior wall of the pelvis with the conjugate
diameter, a. of inclination (of pelvis), in obstetrics,
that formed by the pelvis with the general line of
the trunk, or that formed by the plane of the inferior
strait with the horizon, a. of jaw, the junction of
the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with
its posterior border, a.s, labial. 1. See a.s of the
lips. 2. In dentistry, the angles of the labial surface
of the tooth crown which join the other surfaces.
a., limiting, see a., critical, a. of the lips, that formed
by the union of the lips at each extremity of the
mouth, a., Louis', that between the manubrium
and gladiolus of the sternum, a., Ludwig's, see a.,
Louis', a., mesial, the angles formed at the junction
of the mesial surfaces of a tooth crown with the
other surfaces, a., meter-, in optics, the degree of
convergence of the eyes when centered on an object

ANGLESEY LEG

60

ANALINOPHILE

one meter distant from each, a., nasal (of the eye),
the inner angle of the eye. a., optic, that included
between lines joining the extremities of an object
and the nodal point. The smallest is about 30
seconds, a., pelvivertebral, same as a. of inclination
(of pelvis), a. of polarization, in optics, the angle of
reflection at which light is most completely polarized.
a., principal, the angle formed by that side of a
prism receiving the incident ray with the side from
which the refracted ray escapes, a. of pubes, that
formed by the junction of the pubic bones at the
symphysis, a. of reflection, in optics, that which a
reflected ray of light makes with a line drawn per-
pendicular to the point of incidence, a. of refrac-
tion, in optics, that which exists between a refracted
ray of light and a line drawn perpendicular to the
point of incidence, a., Rolandic, the acute angle
formed by the fissure of Rolando with the superior
border of the cerebral hemisphere, a., sacroverte-
bral, that which the sacrum forms with the last
lumbar vertebra, a., sigma, one between the
radius fixus and a line from the hormion to the
staphylion. a., sternoclavicular, that existing be-
tween the clavicle and the sternum, a., subcostal,
see a., costal, a., subpubic, that formed at the
pubic arch. a. of supination of the hand, a. of
supination of the radius, the extent to which the
hand is_ capable of being supinated; about 1800.
a., Sylvian, the angle formed by the posterior limb
of the Sylvian fissure with a line perpendicular to
the superior border of the hemisphere, a., temporal
(of the eye), the outer canthus of the eye. a., visual,
see a., optic, a., xiphoid, that formed by the sides
of the xiphoid notch.

Anglesey leg (an'-gl-se) [Marquis of Anglesey,
1768-1854]. An artificial limb formed from a solid
piece of wood hollowed out to receive the stump and
provided with a steel joint at the knee. The ankle-
joint was made of wood, to which motion was com-
municated by strong catgut strings posteriorly and
a spiral spring anteriorly.

anglicus sudor {ang'-lik-us su'-dor) [L.]. English
sweating fever. A contagious malignant fever, also
known as ephemera maligna, characterized by black
or dark-colored sweat.

angophrasia (an-go-fra'-ze-ah) [ayx^v, to choke;
4>pa<ns, utterance].' A speech-defect consisting of a
choking, drawling utterance, occurring in paralytic
dementia.

angor (an'-gor) [angor, a strangling]. Syn., angina.
a. animi, a sense of imminent dissolution, a. pec-
toris, angina pectoris.

angostura (an-gos-tu'-rah) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A.
town]. Cusparia bark. The bark of Valipea cus-
paria. It is a stimulant tonic and febrifuge, used
in malignant bilious fever, intermittent fever, and
dysentery. In large doses it is emetic. Dose of
fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc); of the bark
10-40 gr. (0.6-2.5 Gm.); of the infusion (infusum
/cusparia, B. P.) 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc).
0 Angstroem's unit (awng'-strem) [Anders Jonas
Angstroem, Swedish physicist, 1814-1874]- A unit
<of length equal to one one-hundred-millionth of a
.centimeter or one ten-thousandth of a micron: used
for measuring wave lengths.

Anguillula (an-gwil'-u-lah) [dim. of anguilla, an
eel: pi., anguillulce]. A genus of very small nematode
worms. A. aceti, the common vinegar eel. A.
intestinalis et stercoralis, Strongyloides intestinalis,
a worm found in the intestines and feces of persons
in tropical and subtropical countries.

angular (an'-gu-lar) [angulus, an angle]. Pertain-
ing to an angle, a. artery, the terminal branch of
the facial artery, a. gyrus, a. convolution, a con-
volution of the brain; see convolution, a. movement,
the movement between two bones that may take
place forward and backward or inward and outward.
a. processes, the external and internal extremities of
the orbital arch of the frontal bone.

angulation (an-gu-la'-shun). The formation of
angular loops in the intestine.

angulus (an'-gu-lus) [L.]. See angle.

angustura. See angostura.

anhalonine (an-hal-o'-nen) [Anhalonium, a genus
of cacti], C12H15NO3. A poisonous alkaloid from
Anhalonium lewinii. It forms salts with the ordinary
acids, a. hydrochloride, C12H15NO3HCI, is a cardiac
and respiratory stimulant and is used as is strychnine
in angina pectoris, asthma, and pneumothorax.

anhaphia (an-ha'-fe-ah). See anaphia.

anhedonia (an-hed-o' -ne-ah) . Complete loss of the
sensation of pleasure.

anhelation (an-hel-a'-shun) [anhelare, to pant].
Shortness of breath; dyspnea.

anhelitus (an-heV -it-us) [L.]. 1. Respiration.
2. Difficult respiration; asthma.

anhelose, anhelous (an'-hel-os, -us). Panting, out
of breath.

anhematosis {an-hem-at-o'-sis) [t\v, priv.; at/zaroew,
to make bloody]. Defective formation of the blood.

anhepatogenic (an-hep-at-o-jen'-ik) [i.v, priv.;
rJTrap, liver; yewav, to produce]. Not originating in
or produced by the liver.

anhidrosis (an-hid-ro'-sis) [&v, priv.; lopus, sweat].
Partial or complete absence of sweat secretion.

anhidrotic (an-hid-rot'-ik) [see anhidrosis], 1.
Tending to check sweating. 2. An agent that
checks sweating.

anhistic, anhistous (an-his'-tik, an-his'-lus) [dv.priv.;
lottos, aweb]. Structureless; not organized ;plasmic.

anhydration (an-hi-dra'-shun) [&v, priv.; vScop,
water]. 1. See dehydration. 2. The state or condition
of not being hydrated.

anhydremia (an-hi-dre'-me-ah) [t\v, priv.; Uwp,
water; alua, blood]. The opposite of hydremia.
A diminution of the watery constituents of the blood.

anhydric (an-hi'-drik). See anhydrous.

anhydride (an-hi'-drid) [t\v, priv.; vdcop, water].
A chemical compound, derived from an acid by the
withdrawal of a molecule of water; or an oxide,
which on combination with water forms an acid.
Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are examples.

anhydrite (an-hi'-drit). Anhydrous calcium sul-
phate.

anhydromyelia (an-hi-dro-mi-e' -le-ah) [hv, priv.;
vdcop, water; p.veK6i>, marrow]. A deficiency of the
fluid thac normally fills the spinal cavity.

anhydrous (an-hi'-drus) [see anhydride]. In
chemistry, a term used to denote the absence of
water, especially of water of crystallization.

anhypnia (an-hip' '-ne-ah) [t\v, priv.; virvos, sleep1,.
Sleeplessness, insomnia.

anhypnosis (an-hip-no'-sis) [d.v, priv.; virvos, sleep].
Insomnia.

anhysteria ian-his-te' -re-ah) [kv, priv.; varepa, the
uterus]. Absence of the uterus.

anianthinopsy (an-e-an-thin-op'-se) [&v, priv.;
lavdivos, violet-colored; oxj/ts, sight]. An inability
to recognize violet tints.

anideus (an-id'-e-us) [av, priv.; eiSos, form]. The
lowest form of omphalosite, in which the parasitic
fetus is reduced to a shapeless mass of flesh covered
with skin.

anidous (an-i'-dus) [c\v, priy.; elSos, form]. Form-
less, from general arrest of development; used of fetal
monsters.

anidros, anidrus (an-id'-ros, -rus). Marked by the
absence of perspiration.

anidrosis (an-id-ro'-sis). See anhidrosis.

anidrotic (an-id-rot'-ik). See anhidrotic.

anile (an'-il) [anus, an old woman]. Imbecile;
like an old woman.

anilide anilid, (an'-il-id) [Ar., al, the; nil, dark
blue]. A compound formed by the action of acid
chloride or acid anhydride upon aniline. The
anilides are very stable derivatives.

anilidmetarsenite {an-il-id-met-ar' -sen-it) , CeHs-
NO2ASC6H5NHASO2. A white, odorless powder
containing 37-69% of arsenic, about half as much as
arsenic trioxide. It dissolves in water up to 20 %,
and is used by subcutaneous injection in skin di-
seases. Dose I-3 gr. (0.05-0.2 Gm.) of 20 % solution
a day. Syn., atoxyl.

anilin, aniline {an'-il-in) [see anilide], C6H7N.
Amidobenzene ; phenylamine; formed in the dry distil-
lation of bituminous coal, bones, indigo, isatin, and
other nitrogenous substances. It is made by re-
ducing nitrobenzene. It is a colorless liquid with a
faint, peculiar odor, boiling at 1830; its sp. gr. at o°
is 1.036. When perfectly pure, it solidifies on cooling,
and melts at —8°. It is slightly soluble in water,
but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. Com-
bined with chlorine, the chlorates, and hypochlorites,
it yields the various aniline dyes known by the names
of a. purple, a. green, a. black, a. blue, etc. It is
used in chorea and epilepsy in § gr. (0.03 Gm.)
doses. Syn., phenylamine; crystallin; cyanol.

anilinophile (an-il-in'-o-fil) [anilin; 4>i\eZi>, to love].
1. Readily stained with anilin. 2. A tissue or ele-
ment staining readily with anilin.

ANILIPYRINE

61

ANISURIA

anilipyrine (an-il-i-pi'-rin). A feebly toxic white
powder, consisting of acetanilide, i part; antipyrine,
2 parts, melted together. It is more soluble in water
than either of its constituents. Dose, 8-16 gr.

anilism (an'-il-izm) [anilin]. An acute or chronic
disease produced in workmen in aniline factories by
the poisonous fumes. The symptoms are debility,
vertigo, gastrointestinal disturbance, and cyanosis.

anility (an-il'-it-e) [anilis, an old woman]. The
state of being imbecile or childish.

anima (an'-im-ah) [L.; spirit]. I. The soul; the
vital principle. 2. Formerly, the active principle
of a drug or medicine. 3. A current of air; the
breath; the mind; consciousness. In the plural,
anima, the swimming-bladders of herring, used as a
diuretic, a. aloes, refined aloes, a. brutalis, the
blood, animae deliquium, syncope, animae gravi-
tas, an offensive breath, a. hepatis, iron sulphate,
from its supposed efficacy in liver disease, animae
pathemata, mental affections, a. stahliana, a.,
Stahl's, the vital principle of plants or animals.

animal (an'-i-mal) [anima, the spirit, breath, or
life]. An organism capable of ingesting and digesting
food. No sharp line of distinction exists between the
lowest animals and certain vegetables. The higher
animals are distinguished by the power of locomotion
and the possession of a nervous system, a., char-
coal, bone-black, ivory-black, etc., is the product of
the calcining of bones in closed vessels, a. chemistry,
that concerned with the composition of animal
bodies, a. electricity, electricity generated in the
body, a.-gum, C12H20O10+2H2O. A substance pre-
pared from mucin by Landwehr, and so named on
account of its resemblance to the gum of commerce.
It occurs in many tissues of the body, is soluble in
water, and in alkaline solution readily dissolves cupric
oxide, the solution not being reduced on boiling.
It yields no coloration with iodine, and is very
feebly dextrorotatory, a. heat, the normal tempera-
ture of the body in man — about 98. 50 F. (370 C).
a. magnetism, mesmerism; hypnotism, a. starch,
see glycogen, a. tissue, the textures of the body.

animalcule (an-im-al'-kul) [animalculum, a minute
animal]. An animal organism so small as to require
the microscope for its examination.

animality (an-im-al'-it-e). The state of having an
animal nature.

animalization (an-im-al-iz-a'-shun) [animalis, ani-
mate]. The process of assimilating food to the
tissues ofthe body.

animation (an-im-a'-shun) [animare, to have life
or existence]. To be possessed of life. Formerly
used to denote the effect of the vital principle by
which the fetus acquires the power of continuing its
existence, a., suspended, a condition marked by
interrupted respiration and consciousness; caused
by strangulation, the inhalation of carbon dioxide or
other gases, etc.

anime (an'-im-e) [Fr., anime, origin doubtful].
A name of various resins, especially that of Hymencea
courbaril, a tree of tropical America; sometimes used
in plaster, etc.

animism {an'-im-izm) [anima, soul]. Stahl's
theory of life and disease, namely, that the soul is
the source of both normal and pathological activities.

aniodol (an-i'-o-dol). A glycerol solution of trioxyr
methylene, useful as an antiseptic in 1 % solution.

anion (an'-i-on) [ava, up; M>v, going]. In elec-
trolysis, an electronegative element or ion.

aniridia (an-i-rid'-e-ah) [&v, priv.; Ipis, the rain-
bow]. Absence or defect of the iris.

aniridism, aniridismus (an-ir'-id-izm, -iz'-mus).
See aniridia.

anisalol (an-is'-al-ol), CeH^OCHOCO^CsHs. The
phenyl ester of anisic acid, forming colorless crystals.
It is antirheumatic and analgesic. Dose 8-15 gr.
(0.52-1.0 Gm.).

anisalyl (an-is'-al-il) [anise; alcohol], C8H9O.
The univalent radical of anisic alcohol, a. hydrate,
anisic alcohol.

anisamide (an-is'-am-id), C8H9NO2. The amide of
anisic acid; anisyl amide.

anisate (an'-is-at) [anisum, anise]. A salt of anisic
acid.

anisated (an'-is-a-ted) [anisum, anise]. Containing
anise.

anischuria (an-is-kii'-re-ah) [&i>, priv.; laxovpLa,
retention of urine]. Enuresis or incontinence of
urine.

anise {an' -is). See anisum.

aniseed (an'-is-ed). Anise-seed. The seed of
Pimpinella anisum. See anisum.

anisette (an'-is-et) [anisum, anise]. A liqueur
prepared by the distillation of the seeds of star anise,
fennel, and coriander with water and alcohol and the
addition of sugar.

anisic acid. See acid, anisic.

anisidin (an-is'-id-in), N(C7HtO)H2. A base
obtained from nitranisol by action of ammonium
sulphide in alcoholic solution; with acids it forms
crystalline compounds. Syn., Methylphenidin; Meth-
ylamidophenol. a. citrate, an analgesic similar to
phenetidin citrate.

anisine (an'-is-in) [anisum, anise], C22H24N2O3.
A crystalline alkaloid, a derivative of anise.

aniso- (an'-is-o) [avuros, unequal]. In combina-
tion, unequal, unsymmetrical.

anisochromatic {an-is-o-kro-mat'-ik) [aniso-; xpwM«»
color]. Not having the same color throughout; said
of solutions containing two pigments used in testing
for color-blindness.

anisocoria (an-is-o-ko'-re-ah) [aniso-; Koprj, pupil].
Inequality of the diameter of the pupils.

anisocytosis (an-i-so-si-to'-sis) [aniso-; kvtos, cell].
Abnormal inequality in the size of the red blood-
corpuscles.

anisodactylus (an-is-o-dak'-til-us) [aniso-; SclktvXos,
a finger]. With unequal digits.

anisodont {an-i'-so-dont) [aniso-; 65ovs, tooth].
Having irregular teeth of unequal length.

anisognathous (an-is-og'-na-thus) [aniso-; yvoBos,
jaw]. Having the two jaws unlike as to the molar
teeth.

anisol (an'-is-ol) [see anisine], C7H8O. Methyl-
phenyl ether, produced by heating phenol with
potassium and methyl iodide or potassium methyl
sulphate in alcoholic solution. It is an ethereal-
smelling liquid, boiling at 1520; its sp. gr. at 150 is
0.991-

anisomelia (an-is-o-me'-le-ah) [aniso-; p.e\os, limb].
An inequality between corresponding limbs.

anisomelous (an-is-om'-el-us) [aniso-; p.e\os, a
limb]. Having limbs of unequal length.

anisomeria (an-is-o-me'-re-ah) [aniso-; nepos,
part]. The condition of having unequal organs or
parts in successive series.

anisometrope (an-is'-o-me-trdp). A person with
dissimilar refractive power of the two eyes.

anisometropia (an-is-o-met-ro'-pe-ah) [aniso-; ukr-
pov, a measure; &\p, [the eye]. A difference in the
refraction of the two eyes.

anisometropic (an-is-o-met-rop'-ik) [see aniso-
metropia]. Affected with anisometropia.

anisonormocytosis {an-is-o-nor-mo-si-to'-sis)

[aniso; norma a rule; kvtos, cell]. The presence in
the blood of the normal number of leukocytes, but
with an abnormal proportion of the various kinds of
leukocytes among themselves.

anisopia {an-is-o' -pe-ah) [aniso-; &\(/, eye]. In-
equality of visual power in the two eyes.

anisosthenic (an-is-o-sthen'-ik) [aniso-; adevds,
strength]. Not of equal power; used of pairs of
muscles.

anisotachys (an-is-ot'-a-kis) [aniso-; raxis, quick].
Applied to an accelerated pulse of varying rapidity.

anisotropal, anisotropic, anisotropous (an-is-o-
trop'-al, an-is-o-trop'-ik, an-is-ot' -ro-pus) [aniso-;
t pottos, turning]. Not possessing the same light-
refracting properties in all directions; a term applied
to doubly refracting bodies. In biology, varying in
irritability in different parts or organs.

anisotrophy (an-is-ot'-ro-fe) [see anisotropal]. The
quality of being doubly refractive or unequally
refractive in different directions ; or of being unequally
responsive to external influences.

anisum (an'-is-um) [L.]. Anise. The fruit of
Pimpinella anisum. Its properties are due to a
volatile oil. It is slightly stimulant to the heart
action. It liquefies bronchial secretions, and is
therefore a favorite ingredient in cough-mixtures.
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). anisi, aqua (U. S.
P.), oil of anise, 1; water, 500 parts. Dose indefinite.
anisi, essentia (B. P.). Dose 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2
Cc). anisi, oleum (U. S. P.), an ingredient in
tinctura opii camphorata. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3
Gm.). anisi, spiritus (U. S. P.), a 10 % solution
of the oil in alcohol. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

anisuria (an-is-il'-re-ah) [aniso-; urine]. A con-
dition characterized by alternate polyuria and
oliguria.

ANISYL

62

ANNULOSE

anisyl (an'-is-il) [anisum], CsthCte. A hypothetic
radical supposed to be found in anise and its deriva-
tives.

anitin (an'-it-in). A brownish powder obtained
from ichthyol. In 33 % aqueous solution it com-
bines with phenols, etc., to form anitols. Syn.,
ichthyosulphonic acid.

anitol (an'-it-ol). Any one of the soluble com-
pounds formed by anitin with phenols, cresols, etc.;
they possess germicidal properties.

anitrogenous (ah-ni-troj'-en-us) [&, priv.; nitrogen].
Nonnitrogenous.

ankle (ang'-kl) [ME., ancle]. The joint between
the leg and the foot. It is a ginglymus joint, with four
ligaments, the anterior, posterior, internal, and ex-
ternal, a.-bone, the astragalus, a.-clonus, the suc-
cession of a number of rhythmic muscular contractions
in the calf of the leg when the foot is suddenly flexed
by pressure upon the sole. It is a symptom of
various diseases of the spinal cord, especially those
involving the lateral pyramidal tracts, a.-jerk, see
a.-clonus. a.-joint, see ankle, a. reflex, see a.-
clonus. a., tailors', a ganglion or synovial sac over
the external malleolus in tailors, due to their con-
strained posture when at work. a. valgus, a debili-
tated condition of the ankle-joint due to laxity of the
internal lateral ligament, permitting the foot to act
as in talipes valgus.

ankola (an-ko'-lah) [Hind.]. The bitter, emetic
root-bark of Alangium lamarkii, a tree of tropical
Asia and Africa. It is used in India in skin diseases
and leprosy.

ankyla, ankyle (ang'-kil-ah, -e) [aynvXr], anything
bent]. 1. An angular part, particularly the elbow.
2. Ankylosis of a joint with flexion. 3. Abnormal
adhesion of parts.

ankylenteron (ang-kil-en'-ter-on) [Ay/ciAri, a coil;
evrepov, an intestine]. An adhesion between intes-
tinal coils.

ankyloblepharon (ang-kil-o-blef'-ar-on) [ankyle;
f}\e<papop, the eyelid]. The adhesion of the ciliary
edges of the eyelids.

ankylocheilia, ankylochilia (ang-kil-o-ki'-le-ah) [an-
kyle; xeiXos, lip]. Adhesion of the lips.

ankylocolpos (ang-kil-o-kol'-pos) [ankyle; ko\itos,
the vagina]. Atresia of the vagina or vulva.

ankylodactylia {ang-kil-o-dak-tiV -e-ah) [ankyle;
doKTv\os, finger]. Adhesion of fingers or toes to one
another.

ankylodeire, ankylodere, ankyloderis (ang-kil-o-
di'-re, -de'-re, ang-kil-od' -er-is) [ankyle; Seiprj, the
neck]. Wry-neck; torticollis.

ankylodontia (ang-kil-o-don'-she-ah) [ankyle; 686vs,
a tooth]. Irregularity in the position of the teeth.

ankyloglossia, ankyloglossum {ang-kil-o-glos'-e-ah,
ang-kil-o-glos' -um) [ankyle; yX&craa, the tongue].
Tongue-tie.

ankylomele (ang-kil-om'-el-e) [ankyle; /xeXos, a
limb]. 1. The abnormal growing together of limbs
(as of the fingers or toes). 2. [n^v, a probe] A
curved probe.

ankylomerism (ang-kil-om'-er-izm) [ankyle; nepos, a
part]. Abnormal adherence of parts to each other.

ankylopodia (ang-kil-o-po'-de-ah) [ankyle; irovs, a
foot.]. Ankylosis of the ankle-joint.

ankyloproctia [ang-kil-o-prok -te-ah) [ankyle; ttpwk-
t6s, the anus]. Atresia of the anus.

ankylorrhinia iang-kil-o-rin' -e-ah) [ankyle; pis, the
nose]. Marked adhesion between the walls of a
nostril.

ankylose (ang'-kil-oz) [ankyle]. To be, or to
become, consolidated or firmly united.

ankylosed (ang'-kil-ozd). Fixed by ankylosis.

ankylosis (ang-kil-o' -sis) [see ankylose]. Union
of the bones forming an articulation, resulting in a
stiff joint, a., capsular, that due to cicatricial shrink-
ing of the joint-capsule, a., cartilaginous, a form
observed as a sequel of subacute coxitis in the young,
marked with great muscle tension and absence of
suppuration; the cartilages may remain intact for a
long time, although the shrunken synovial membrane
has ceased to secrete, a., central, that due to causes
present within the joint, a., extracapsular, that due
to rigidity of the parts external to the joint, a., false,
a., spurious, that due to the rigidity of surrounding
parts, a., generalized, ankylosis affecting many
joints, or a tendency toward it. a., intracapsular,
that due to rigidity of the structures within a joint.
a., ligamentous, when the medium is fibrous, a.,
muscular, that due to muscular contraction, a., true,

a., bony, that in which the connecting material is
bone.

Ankylostoma, Ankylostomum (ang-kil-os'-to-mah,
-mum) [dX/c6Xos, crooked; <n-6jua, a mouth]. A genus
of nematode worms, one species of which, A. duode-
nale (hook-worm), is sometimes found in the human
intestine. It produces a condition analogous to
pernicious anemia. See uncinariasis.

ankylostomiasis (ang-kil-os-to-mi'-as-is) [see Ankyl-
ostoma]. The morbid condition produced by the
presence of the parasite Ankylostoma duodenale in the
human intestine. It is especially prevalent among
brickmakers and other workmen in Europe. Syn.,
dochmiasis; brickmakers' anemia; tunnel anemia;
miners' cachexia; Egyptian chlorosis; uncinariasis;
hookworm _ disease.

ankylotia {ang-kil-o' -she-ah) [ankyle; ofs, ear].
Union of the walls of the meatus auditorius.

ankylotome (ang-kil' -o-tom) [ankyle; to\u\, a cut].

1. A knife for operating on tongue-tie. 2. Any
curved knife.

ankylotomy (ang-kil-ot'-o-me) [ankyle; row, cut].
A cutting operation for the relief of tongue-tie.

ankylourethria (ang-kil-o-u-re'-thre-ah). See an-
kylurethra.

ankylurethra, ankylurethria (ang-kil-u-re'-thrah,
-re'-thre-ah) [ankyle; urethra]. Urethral stricture
or atresia.

ankyrism (ang'-kir-izm) [iyKvpiana, a hooking].
Articulation or suture by one bone hooking upon
another.

ankyroid (ang'-kir-oid) [ayKvpa, a hook]. Hook-
shaped, a. cavity, in the brain, the posterior or
descending cornu of the lateral ventricle, a. process,
the coracoid process.

anlage (ahn-lahg-eh) [German]. PL anlagen or
anlages. 1. The primitive undifferentiated mass of
cells or rudiment of a part in a developing embryo.

2. The place in the embryo where differentiation
first appears.

Annandale's operation (an'-an-dal) [Thomas Ann-
andale, Scotch surgeon, 1838-1907]. 1. For dislocated
cartilages; incision into the knee-joint and stitching
of the dislocated cartilages into their proper position.
2. For genu valgum; partial excision of both condyles
of the femur. 3. For nasopharyngeal polypus; divi-
sion of the alveolar margin and palatal portions of
the upper jaw along their center, from before back-
ward, and perforation of the bony septum of the
nose, thus permitting separation of the two portions
of the bone and exposure of the polypus. 4. For
varicocele; a modification of Lee's operation, the veins
only being excised, the scrotum being left intact.
5. For webbed-fingers; the longitudinal incisions are
made along the sides of each finger. A.'s triangle,
the space bounded in front by the patella, above by
the articular surface of the femur, and below by the
margin of the tibia.

annatto (an-at'-o). See annotto.

anneal (an-eV) [Saxon, annelan, to heat]. To heat
and cool slowly, as gold or other metals.

annectant (an-ek'-tant) [ad, to; nectere, to bind].
Linking or binding together, a. convolutions, see
convolution.

annelism (an'-el-izm) [anellus, dim. of annulus, a
ring]. Possessing a ringed structure.

annexa (an-neks'-ah). See adnexa.

annexopexy (an-neks'-o-peks-e). See adnexopexy.

annidalin (an-id'-al-in). Dithymoltriiodide. A
substitute for iodoform and aristol, q. v.

annotto (an-ot'-o) [native American]. A coloring-
matter obtained from the pellicles of the seeds of
Bixa orellana. It is used to color plasters and
butter. Syn., annatto; arnotto.

annuens (an'-u-enz) [annuere, to nod]. The rectus
capitis anticus minor muscle.

annular (an'-u-lar) [annulus, a ring]. Ring-like.
a. cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, a. finger, the ring-
finger, a. ligament, the ligament surrounding the
wrist and the ankle, a. muscle of Mueller, the
circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, a. process,
a. protuberance, the pons Varolii, a. reflex, a ring-
like reflection sometimes seen with the ophthalmo-
scope around the macula.

annulate (an'-u-ldt). Characterized by, made up
of, or surrounded by rings.

annulorrhaphy (an-u-lor'-af-e) [annulus, ring; pa<prj,
suture]. Closure of a hernial ring or sac by suture.

annulose \an'-u-los) [annulus, a ring]. Possessing
rings.

ANNULUS

63

ANOPHELICIDE

annulus (an'-u-lus) [see annular].^ A ring-shaped
or circular opening, a. abdominalis, the external
or internal abdominal ring. a. abdominis, the
inguinal ring. a. ciliaris, the boundary between the
iris and the choroid, a., femoralis, femoral ring
(O. T. crural ring), a., fibrocartilaginous, fibro-
cartilaginous ring. a. fibrosus. i. The external
part of the intervertebral discs. 2. Firm connective
tissue containing elastic fibers surrounding the
auriculoventricular openings of the heart. Syn.,
annulus fibrosus atrioventricular is. 3. The circular
fibrous attachment of the tympanic membrane to
the tympanic plate, a., haemorrhoidalis, hemor-
rhoidal ring, a., inguinalis abdominalis, abdominal
inguinal ring (O. T. internal abdominal ring), a.
inguinalis cutaneus, the external abdominal ring.
a., inguinalis subcutaneus, subcutaneous inguinal
ring (O. T. external abdominal ring), a., iridis major,
greater ring of iris, a., iridis minor, lesser ring of
iris. a. membranae tympani, an incomplete bony ring
that forms the fetal auditory process of the temporal
bone. a. migrans, a disease of the tongue marked by
crescentic bands of a light-colored rash which spread
over its dorsal surface and sometimes over the sides
and under surface. Syn., annulus errans. a. osseus,
the tympanic plate, a. ovalis, the rounded or
oval margin of the foramen ovale, a., tendineus
communis (Zinni), common tendinous ring of Zinn.
a. tracheae, a tracheal ring, a., tympanicus, tym-
panic ring. a. umbilicus, the umbilical ring, a.,
urethralis, urethral ring. a. ventriculi, the pylorus.

AnOC. Abbreviation for anodal opening contrac-
tion.

anocathartic (an-o-kath-ar'-tik) [avu, upward;
KodapriKos, purging]. Emetic.

anocavernosus (an-o-kav-ur-no'-sus). See bulbo-
cavernosus.

anocelia, anocoelia (an-o-se'-le-ah) [avoi, upward;
KoCKla, a cavity]. The thorax.

anoceliadelphous (an-o-se-le-ah-del'-fus) [avw, up-
ward; KoiXia, a cavity; aSe\<pos, a brother]. United
by the thorax or upper part of the abdomen.

anochilon, anocheilon, anochilos (an-o-ki'-lon, -los)
[avw, upward; xelXos, a lip]. 1. The upper Up.
2. An individual having a large upper lip.

anochiloschisis, anocheiloschisis (an-o-ki-los'-kis-is)
[avu, upward; x«X°s» a lip; ax^eiv, to split]. An
operation of splitting the upper lip for reducing its size.

anoci-association (ah-no'-se-as-o-se-a'-shun). The
condition in which pain, fear, shock, and neuroses
are blocked, and so excluded, in surgical cases.
See noci-association.

anococcygeal (an-o-kok-sij'-e-al) [anus, the funda-
ment; k6kkv£, the coccyx]. Pertaining to the anus
and the coccyx, a. ligament, a ligament that con-
nects the tip of the coccyx with the external sphincter
ani muscle.

anodal (an'-o-dal) [ava, up; 656s, a way]. Relating
to the anode; electropositive, a. closure, the closure
of an electric circuit with the anode placed in relation
to the muscle or nerve which is to be affected, a.
closure clonus, a. closure contraction, see contraction,
anodal closure, a. diffusion, same as cataphoresis.
a. duration, the duration of an anodal closure con-
traction, a. opening contraction, see contraction.

anode (an'-od) [see anodal]. The positive pole of a
galvanic battery, a., soluble, Sprague's term for an
anode formed of the metal which is deposited.

anodermous (an-o-der'-mus) [A, priv.; Sep/ia, the
skin]. Without the appearance of an epidermis.

anodic (an-od'-ik) [avu, upward; 680s, way].
1. In biology, applied to the upper edges of leaves
arranged in ascending spirals. 2. Ascending. 3.
Anodal.

anodinia (an-o-din' -e-ah) [a, priv.; udis, the pain
of childbirth]. Absence of labor-pains.

anodinous (an-od'-in-us). Without labor pains.

anodmia (an-od'-me-ah) [av, priv.; bbfi-q, smell].
Absence of the sense of smell.

anodont, anodontous, anodous (an'-o-dont, an-o-
dont'-us, an'-od-us) [av, priv.; 68ovs, a tooth]. Tooth-
less.

anodontia (an-o-don' -she-ah) [av, priv.; 68ovs,
tooth]. Absence of the teeth.

anodyne (an'-o-din) [av, priv.; odvvjj, pain]. 1. A
medicine that gives relief from pain. 2. Relieving
pain, a., Hoffmann's, compound spirit of ether.

anodynia {an-o-din' -e-ah) [see anodyne]. 1. Free-
dom from pain. 2. Loss of sensation. Cf. anodinia.

ancedochium (an-e-o-do'-ke-um) [avoos, without

understanding; 80x6s, a receptacle], A lunatic
asylum.

anoesia (an-o-e' -ze-ah) [avo-naia, a want of sense].
Want of understanding.

anogon (an'-o-gon). The mercurous salt of di-
iodoparaphenolsulphonic acid. It is said to contain
nearly 50 per cent, of mercury and 30 per cent, of
iodine. It is insoluble in the ordinary solvents, and
is used in the treatment of syphilis.

anoia (an-oi'-ah) [avoia, idiocy]. Synonym 01
idiocy.

anomalism (an-om' '-al-izm) [avw/iaXos, strange].
Deviation from the normal order or standard.

anomalology (an-om-al-ol'-o-je) [avwna\os, strange;
X670S, science]. The science of anomalies.

anomalonomy (an-om-al-on'-o-me) [avwna\La, ir-
regularity; vbnos, a law]. The science of the laws
governing anomalism.

anomalotrophy (an-om-al-ot' -ro-fe) . An anomaly
of nutrition.

anomalous (an-om' -al-us) [see anomaly]. Irregular;
characterized by deviation from the common or
normal order.

anomalus (an-om' -al-us) [av&naXos, not ordinary].
A muscle or muscular slip sometimes occurring
beneath the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.

anomaly (an-om' -al-e) [avwuaXia, irregularity]. A
marked deviation from the normal; an abnormal
thing or occurrence.

anomia (an-o'-me-ah). 1. See anomaly. 2. [d, priv.;
ovofia, name]. Loss of ability to name objects or to
recognize names.

anomous (an-o'-mus) [a, priv.; iLfios, the shoulder].
Without shoulders.

Anona (an-o'-nah) [Malay, menona]. A genus of
shrubs and trees of the order Anonacece, native of
tropical America. A. ambotay is a native of French
Guiana. The bark is applied to malignant ulcers.
A. glabra is a West Indian species. The juice of the
unripe fruit is applied to ulcers. A. muricata, sour-
sop, rough anona, is an American tree, but cultivated
in all tropical countries, where the ripe fruit is a
favorite food and used in a cooling drink for fevers.
The astringent unripe fruit is used in intestinal
atony. The bark is astringent tand irritant; the
root-bark is used in cases of disease resulting from
ingestion of poisonous fish; the leaf is anthelmintic
and externally a suppurant. The edible fruit of A.
obtusifolia is used in South America and in the
West Indies by the natives as a narcotic. A. reticu-
lata, custard-apple, is a West Indian tree, but culti-
vated throughout the tropics. The unripe dried
fruit and seeds are used as an intestinal ajtringent;
the kernels of the seeds are very poisonous ; the leaves
are anthelmintic. A. spinescens, of Brazil; the
seeds are used to poison vermin; the fruit as a poul-
tice. A. squamosa, sweet-sop, bullock's-heart, is an
American tree cultivated throughout the tropics for
its fruit, which is used medicinally as is A. muricata.
The seeds are used to destroy insects; the bark is
employed by the Malays and Chinese as a tonic.

anonychia (an-o-nik'-e-ah) [av, priv.; owj, nail].
Absence of the nails.

anonyma (an-on'-im-ah) [av, priv.; ovona, name].
The innominate artery.

anonymos (an-on'-im-us) [see anonyma]. The
cricoid cartilage.

anonymous (an-on'-im-us) [see anonyma]. Name-
less, a. bone, see innominatum.

anoopsia (an-o-op' -se-dh) [avu, upward; 5\j/is,
vision]. Strabismus in which the eye is turned
upward.

anoperineal (a-no-per-in-e'-al). Relating to the
anus and the perineum.

Anopheles (an-of-el-ez) [avu<pe\ris, harmful]. A
genus of dipterous insects (mosquitoes), belonging
to the family Culicidce. A. christopherse, of India,
harbors sporozoits, and in districts where present
the endemic index of malaria varies from 40 to 72 %.
A. maculipennis, is the common form of northern
and central Europe and America, and the common
agent in the transmission of the malaria parasite.
Syn., Anopheles quadrimaculatus. A. rossii, the
most widely distributed species in India, breeding
in foul water; does not carry the parasite of benign
nor of malignant tertian fever, and in Calcutta, where
this is the prevalent species, the endemic index of
malaria is zero.

anophelicide (an-of-eV -is-id) [anopheles; ccedere to
kill]. An agent which is destructive to anopheles.

ANOPHELIFUGE

64

ANTAGONISM

anophelifuge (an-of-el'-if-uj) [anopheles; fugare, to
put to flight]. An agent which prevents the bite or
attack of anopheles.

anophelism (an-of -el-izm) . Infestation of any
region, with anopheles.

anophoria (an-o-fo'-re-ah) [av6>, upward; <pkpeiv,
to bear]. See anotropia.

anophthalmia (an-of-thal'-me-ah) [av, priv.; 6<pda\-
fios, eye]. Congenital absence of the eyes. a.
cyclopica, a congenital malformation in which the
eye-socket is very ill-developed and the orbit rudi-
mentary or altogether absent.

anophthalmos (an-off-thal'-mus) [av, priv.; 6<j>dd\-
fios, eye]. i. Congenital absence of the eyes.
2. A person born without eyes.

anophthalmus (an-of-thal'-mus). See anophthalmos.

anopia (an-o'-pe-ah) [av, priv.; w^, the eye].
Absence of sight, especially that due to defect of
the eyes:

anopsia (an-op'-se-ah) [av, priv.; 6\pis, vision].
See amblyopia.

anopubic (a-no-pu'-bik). Relating to the anus
and the pubes.

anorchia (an-or'-ke-ah). See anarchism.

anorchism (an'-or-kizm) [av, priv.; opxts, the
testicle]. Absence of the testicles.

anorchous (an-or'-kus) [av, priv.; 6px<s, the
testicle]. Without testicles.

anorchus (an-or'-kus) [av, priv.; 6px<s, the testicle].
A person in whom the testicles are absent or not
descended.

anorectal (a-no-rek'-tal). Pertaining to the anus
and the rectum.

anoretic, anorectous (an-o-rek'-tik, an-o-rek'-tus)
[av, priv.j 6pef ts, appetite]. Without an appetite.

anorexia (an-or-ek' -se-ah) [av, priv.; 8pe£is, appe-
tite]. Absence of appetite, a. nervosa, an hysterical
affection occurring chiefly in young neurotic females,
and characterized by a great aversion to food.

anoria (an-or'-e-ah) [avcopia, untimeliness]. Im-
maturity.

anormal (ah-nor'-mal) [av, priv.; norma, a rule].
Abnormal.

anorrhorrhea (an-or-or-e'-ak) [av, priv.; 6pp6s,
serum; pola, a flow]. A diminished or defective
secretion of serous substance.

anorthography (an-or-thog'-ra-fe) [av, priv.; 6p96s,
straight; ypa<f>eiv, to write]. Incapacity to write
correctly; motor agraphia.

anorthopia (an-or-tho'-pe-ah) [av, priv.; 6p66s,
straight; 6\pis, vision]. I. A defect in vision in which
straight lines do not seem straight, and parallelism
or symmetry is not properly perceived. 2. Squinting;
obliquity of vision.

anorthoscope (an-or' -tho-skop) [av, priv.; bp66s,
straight; o-icoireZv, to look]. An apparatus for con-
necting in one perfect visual image disconnected and
incomplete pictures.

anorthosis (an-or-tho'-sis) [av, priv.; 6p9w<ns, a
making straight]. Absence or defect of erectility.

anoscope (a'-no-skop) [anus; aicoirelv, to look].
An instrument for examining the rectum.

anoscopy (an-os'-kop-e). Inspection of the anus
by means of the anoscope.

anosia (an-o' -se-ah) [a, priv.; voaos, disease].
Without disease; normal health.

anosmabic (an-oz-mab'-ik). See anosmatic.

anosmatic (an-oz-mal'-ik) [av, priv.; 607*17, smell].
i. With small olfactory lobes. 2. Not having a
keen sense of smell.

anosmia (an-oz' -me-ah) [av, priv.; 607*17, smell].
Absence of the sense of smell, a., afferent, that due
to the loss of the conductivity of the olfactory nerves.
a., central, that due to cerebral disease, a., organic,
that due to disease of the nasal pituitary membrane.
a., peripheral, that due to disease of the peripheral
ends of the olfactory nerves.

anosmic, anosmous (an-oz' -mik, -mus). 1. With-
out odor. 2. Having no sense of smell.

anosphrasia (an-os-fra'-ze-ah). Defect or absence
of the sense of smell.

anosphresis (an-os-fre'-sis) [av, priv.; 6o-<j>pr)o-is,
odor]. Same as anosphrasia.

anospinal (a-no-spi' -nal) [anus; spine]. Relating
to the anus and the spinal cord. a. center, a center
that controls the anal sphincters. It is situated in
the lumbar portion of the spinal cord.

anostomosis (an-os-tom-o'-sis). See anastomosis.

anostosis \(an-os-to'-sis) [av, priv.; 6are6v, bone].
Defective development of bone.

anotia (an-o' -she-ah) [see anotous]. Congenital
absence of the ears.

anotous (an-o'-tus) [a, priv.; ovs, ear]. Devoid of
ears: earless.

anotropia (an-o-tro'-pe-ah) [avu, upward; rpkweiv,
to turn]. A condition in which the visual axes have
a tendency to rise above the object looked at.

anotus (an-o'-tus) [av, priv.; ovs, the ear]. Desti-
tute of ears.

anovarthyroid serum (an-o-var-thi'-royd) [av, priv.;
ovum; thyroid]. A serum from sheep whose ovaries
and thyroid gland have been removed. It has been
used in osteomalacia.

anovesical (a-no-ves'-ik-al) [anus; vesica, the
bladder]. Pertaining conjointly to the anus and
urinary bladder.

anoxemia anoxaemia, anoxyemia (an-oks-e' -me-ah,
an-oks-e-e' -me-ah) [av, priv.; oxygen; alpa, blood].
1. A lack of oxygen in the blood. 2. An abnormal con-
dition due to the breathing of an insufficient amount
of oxygen; mountain sickness; balloon sickness.

anoxoluin, anoxolyin (an-oks-ol'-u-in, -i-in) [&v,
priv.; 6£vs, sharp; \veiv, to dissolve]. The substance
opposed to oxolyin, which, according to Le Conte,
exists with it in fibrin, albumin, globulin, and casein,
and which is not soluble in glacial acetic acid.

anoxycausis (an-oks-e-kaw'-sis) [av, priv.; 6£us,
sharp; navais, a burning]. Combustion without the
presence of oxygen.

anozol (an'-o-zol). A combination of iodoform and
thymol; deodorous iodoform.

ansa (an'-sah) [L., "a handle"]. A loop. a. at-
lantis, the uppermost cervical ansa. a. capitis, the
zygomatic arch, a., cervical, one of the intercom-
municating branches of the anterior cervical nerves.
a., coccygeal. See A. sacralis. a., galvanocaustic,
the wire loop of a galvanic cautery. Syn., liga-
lura candens. a., Haller's, the loop formed by the
nerve joining the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
a., Henle's, a part of the uriniferous tubule, a.
hypoglossi, a loop formed at the side of the neck by
the junction of the descendens noni nerve, with
branches of the second and third cervical nerves.
a., intergenicularis, fibers connecting the geniculate
bodies, a., intestinalis, any loop of the small intes-
tine, a. lenticularis, a bundle of fibers proceeding
from the neural laminae between the divisions of
the lenticular nucleus. Syn., ansa lentiformis;
lenticular loop. a. lumbalis, a. lumbaris, one of the
connecting ramifications between the branches of
the lumbar nerves, a., peduncularis, the ventral
stalk of the thalamus, a. sacralis, a loop joining the
ganglion impar with the sympathetic trunks of the
two sides.# a., sternal, the interclavicular notch.
a. subclavialis, a., subclavian, see a. of Vieussens.
a. supramaxillaris, one of communication between
the ventral and dorsal superior dental nerves, a. of
Vieussens, a loop extending from the third cervical
ganglion and surrounding the subclavian artery.
a. of Wrisberg, the nerve joining the right great
splanchnic and right pneumogastric nerves.

Anschuetz's chloroform. See chloroform.

anserine (an'-ser-en) [anser, a goose]. Resembling
a goose, a. disease, a wasting of the muscles of the
hands, rendering the tendons unduly prominent, and
suggesting the appearance of a goose's foot. a. skin,
goose-skin.

ansiform (an' -si-form) [ansa, a handle; forma,
shape]. Loop-shaped.

Anstie's rule (an'-sle) [Francis Edmund Anstie,
English physician, 1833-1874]. No healthy man can
take without injury more than the equivalent of
1 § ounces of absolute alcohol per diem. A.'s test
for alcohol in urine, a mixture of potassium bichro-
mate 1, and strong sulphuric acid 300 is added drop
by drop to the urine; an emerald green color denotes
the presence of a toxic amount of alcohol.

ant-, anti- (ant-, or an'-te) [avH, against]. Pre-
fixes to compound words signifying opposed to,
against, counteracting, etc.

antacid (ant-as'-id) [anti, against; acidus, acid].
1. Neutralizing acidity. 2. A substance counter-
acting or neutralizing acidity. An alkali.

antacidin (ant-as'-id-in). Saccharate of lime.

antacrid (ani-ak'-rid) [anti-; acer, sharp]. Cor-
recting acridity in the secretions, a. tincture, see
guaiac mixture, Fenner's.

antagonism (an-tag' -on-izm) [see antagonist]. Op-
position; opposed action, as of two sets of muscles
or of two remedial agents.

ANTAGONIST

65

ANTHRACEMIA

antagonist (an-tag'-o-nist) [avrayo:viaTf)s, counter-
acting]. A term applied to a drug that neutralizes
the therapeutic effects of another. In anatomy, a
muscle that acts in opposition to another, a.,
associated, a name given to that muscle of a healthy
eye that turns the globe in the same direction as the
affected muscle of the opposite eye would, if normal,
turn the eye to which it belongs.

antagonistic (an-tag-o-nis'-tik) [see antagonist].
Opposing.

antalgesic (ant-al-je'-sik) [see antalgic]. Antalgic.

antalgic (ant-al'-jik) [anti-; ahyos, pain], i. Re-
lieving pain. 2. A remedy that relieves pain.

antalkaline (ant-al'-kal-tn) [anti-; alkali], i. Neu-
tralizing alkalies. 2. An agent neutralizing alkalies,
as acids.

antanacathartic (ant-an-ah-kath-ar'-tik) [anti-; &vd,
up; KaBapcris, purgation]. 1. Checking expectoration.
2. An agent which checks expectoration.

antanemic (ant-an-e'-mik) [anti-; anemic]. 1. Cor-
recting anemia. 2. A remedy efficient in anemia.

antaphrodisiac (ant-af-ro-diz'-e-ak) [ant-; a<j>po5L<na,
sexual desire]. 1. Lessening the venereal desires.
2. An agent that lessens the venereal impulse; an
anaphrodisiac.

antaphroditic (anl-af-ro-dit'-ik). See antaphro-
disiac.

antapoplectic (ant-ap-o-plek'-tik) [anti-; &iroir}.ri£la,
apoplexy]. Efficient in preventing or treating apo-
plexy.

antarthritic (ant-ar-thrit'-ik) [anti-; dpOpiTiKos,
gouty]. 1. Relieving gout. 2. A medicine for the
relief of gout.

antasphyctic (ant-as-fik'-tik) [anti-; &<r<j>vKTos,
pulseless]. 1. Efficient in preventing asphyxia.
2. An agent efficacious in preventing asphyxia.

antasthenic (ant-as-then' -ik) [anti-; acrdeveia, weak-
ness]. Tending to correct debility and restore the
strength.

antasthmatic (ant-az-mat'-ik) [anti-; aa-d/xa, short-
drawn breath]. 1. Relieving asthma. 2. A medicine
serving for the relief of asthma.

antatrophic (ant-at-rof'-ik) [ant-; arpo<pla, wasting].
1. Preventing atrophy. 2. A drug that will prevent
wasting or atrophy.

antebrachial (an-te-bra'-ke-al). Pertaining to the
forearm.

antebrachium (an-te-bra'-ke-um). See antibra-
chium.

antecardium (an-te-kar'-de-um) [anti-; icapSla, the
heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of the stomach;
the infrasternal depression; the precordium.

ante cibum (ante si' -bum). Latin for "before a
meal."

antecornu (an-te-kor'-nu). See precornu.

antecubital (an-te-ku'-bit-al) [ante, before; cubitum,
the elbow]. Situated in front of the elbow.

antecurvature (an-te-kur'-va-tiir) [ante, forward;
curvatus, bent]. A forward curvature.

antedisplacement (an-te-dis-plas'-ment) [ante, for-
ward; O. F., des placer, to put out of place]. Forward
displacement of a part or organ.

antefebrile (an-te-feb'-ril) [ante, before; febris,
fever]. The period before a fever.

antefixatio uteri (an-te-fiks-a'-she-o u'-ter-i). The
operative suturing of the uterus in retroflexion.

anteflexion (an-te-ftek'-shun) [ante, before; fiectere,
to bend]. A bending forward, a. of uterus, a con-
dition in which the fundus of the uterus is bent
forward.

antehelix (an-te-he' -liks) . See anthelix.

antelocation (an-te-lo-ka'-shun) [ante, before; locus,
a place]. The forward displacement of an organ or
viscus.

antemetic (ant-em-et'-ik). See antiemetic.

antemortem (an'-te-mor'-tem) [L.]. Before death.

antenarial (an-te-na' -re-al) [ante, before; nares, the
nostrils]. Situated in front of the nostrils.

antenatal (an-te-na' -taV) [ante, before; natus, born].
Occurring or existing before birth.

anteneasmum, anteneasmus (an-ten-e-az'-mum,
-mus). P. Zacchias' term for a form of dementia
marked by restlessness and a suicidal tendency.

ante partum (an'-te par' -turn) [L.]. Before de-
livery.

antepileptic (ant-ep-il-ep'-tik) [anti-; iirl\ri^is, epi-
lepsy]. Relieving epilepsy.

anteprostatic (an-le-pros-tat'-ik) [ante, before;
7r poa-r arris, one who stands before]. Situated before
the prostate, a. glands. 1. Cowper's glands.

2. Certain small accessory glands sometimes found
between Cowper's gland and the prostate.

antepyretic (an-te-pi-ret'-ik) [ante; irvperos, fever].
Prior to the development of fever.

antereisis (ant-er-i'-sis) [avrepeio-Ls, resistance].
The resistance opposed by a dislocation during its
reduction.

anterethic (an-ter-eth'-ik) [anti-; epeOianos, irri-
tation]. Soothing; allaying irritation.

anterior (an-te'-re-or) • [L., "before"]. Situated
before or in front of; pertaining to the part or organ
situated toward the ventral aspect of the body. a.
poliomyelitis, inflammation of the anterior horns of
the spinal cord, giving rise to a characteristic paraly-
sis, common in children, a. rotation, the forward
turning of the presenting part in labor.

antero- (an'-te-ro-) [anterior, before]. A prefix
signifying position in front.

anterodorsal (an-te-ro-dor'-sal) [antero-; dorsum,
the back]. Pertaining to the ventral aspect of the
dorsum.

anterograde (an'-te-ro-grad) [antero-; gredi, to go].
Proceeding forwards.

anteroinferior (an-te-ro-in-fe'-re-or) [antero-; in-
ferior, lower]. Situated in front and below.

anteroinferior (an-te-ro-in-te'-re-or). Located ven-
trally and internally.

anterointernal (an-te-ro-in-tur'-nal). Situated in
front to the inner side.

anterolateral (an-te-ro-laf -er-al) [antero-; latus, a
side]. In front and to or on one side; from the
front to one side.

anteromedian (an-te-ro-me'-de-an) [antero-; medius,
the middle]. In front and toward the middle.

anteroparietal (an-te-ro-par-i'-et-al) [antero-; pari-
etal]. Anterior and also parietal, a. area, the
anterior part of the parietal area of the cranium.

anteroposterior (an-te-ro-pos-te'-re-or) [antero-; pos-
terior, backward]. Extending from before backward.

anterosuperior (an-te-ro-su-pe'-re-or) [antero-; su-
perior, upper]. Situated in front and above.

anterotic (ant-e-rot'-ik) [anti-; ipurucos, pertaining
to love]. Anaphrodisiac.

anteversion (an-te-ver' -shun) [ante, forward; vertere,
to turn]. A turning forward, a. of uterus, a tilting
forward of the uterus.

anthectic (an-thek'-tik) [anti-; Iktikos, hectic].
1. Efficacious against tuberculosis. 2. An agent or
remedy efficient against tuberculosis.

anthelicine (an-theV -is-in) [avdeKiZ, the inner
curvature of the ear]. Pertaining to the anthelix.

anthelix (an'-the-liks) [a.vdk\i£, the inner curvature
of the ear]. The ridge surrounding the concha of
the external ear posteriorly.

anthelmintic (an-thel-min'-tik) [anti-; eXfiivs, a
worm]. 1. Efficacious against worms. 2. Avermicide.

anthema (an'-the-mah) [dvdelv, to bloom]. An
exanthemj a skin eruption.

anthemis (an'-them-is) [dv0ep.ls, a flower]. Camo-
mile. The flower-heads of A. nobilis, the properties
of which are due to a volatile oil, a camphor, and a
bitter principle. It is useful in coughs and spas-
modic infantile complaints, and is an excellent
stomachic tome. Infusion of 4 dr. to 1 pint, given
in doses of 1-2 oz. (30-60 Co), anthemidis, extrac-
tum (B. P.). Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.).
anthemidis, infusum (B. P.). Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120
Co), anthemidis, oleum, the volatile oil of camo-
mile. Dose 2-10 min. (0.12-0.6 Co).

anthemorrhagic (ant-hem-or-aj'-ik) [anti-; alpa,
blood; pay la, a bursting]. Checking or preventing
hemorrhage.

anther (an'-ther) [avdripos, in full bloom]. In
biology, the male sexual organ in plants; the summit
and essential part of the stamen. It contains the
pollen or fecundating substance of the flower.

antherpetic (ant-her-pet'-ik) [anti-; herpes]. 1. Ef-
ficient against herpes. 2. An efficacious remedy for
herpes.

anthocephalous, anthocephalus (an-tho-sef -al-us)
[avdos, a flower; /ce^aXi?, a head]. Having a flower-
shaped head; e. g., tcenia anthocephala.

Anthony's fire, St. See erysipelas.

anthorism, anthorisma (an'-thor-izm, an-thor-iz'-
mah) [anti-; 6pi<rp.a, a boundary]. A diffuse swelling.

anthracemia (an-thras-e' -me-ah) [anthrax; al/xa,
blood]. 1. Woolsorter's disease; splenic fever of
animals; a disease due to the presence in the blood of
Bacillus anthracis. 2. Asphyxia due to carbon
monoxide poisoning.

ANTHRACENE

66

ANTI-

anthracene (an'-thra-sen) [anthrax], C14H10. A
hydrocarbon formed from many carbon compounds
when they are exposed to a high heat; also from
coal-tar. It crystallizes in colorless, monoclinic
tables, showing a beautiful blue fluorescence; dis-
solves with difficulty in alcohol and ether, but easily
in hot benzene; melts at 2130. It is the base from
which artificial alizarin is prepared.

anthracia (an-thra'-se-ah) [anthrax]. A name for
diseases characterized by the formation of carbuncles.
a. pestis, the plague, a. rubula, synonym of fram-
besia.

anthracic (an'-thras-ik) [anthrax]. Pertaining to
or of the nature of anthrax.

anthracin (an'-lhras-in) [anthrax], A toxic pto-
maine derived from pure cultures of the bacillus of
anthrax.

anthracina (an-thras-e'-nah). Melanotic car-
cinoma.

anthracion (an-thras'-e-on) [anthrax]. Contagious
anthrax.

anthracite (an'-thras-lt) [av9pa%, a coal]. A vari-
ety of mineral coal containing but little hydrogen,
and therefore burning almost without flame.

anthracnosis (an-thrak-no'-sis) [avdpa£, a coal;
vdaos, disease]. Black rot, a fungus disease of vines,
caused by the Phoma uvicola, or Sphaceloma ampelium.
anthracoid (an'-thrak-oid). [anthrax; eldos, like-
ness]. Resembling carbon, anthrax, or the gem
carbuncle.

anthracolemus, anthracoloemus (an-thra-kol-e'-
mus) [anthrax; Xot/ios, a plague]. Contagious
anthrax.

anthracoma (an-thrak-o'-mah) [anthrax], A car-
buncle.

anthracometer (an-thrak-om'-el-er) [anthrax; p.kr-
pov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating
the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

anthracometry (an-thrak-om'-et-re) [a.vdpa%, carbon;
p.krpov, a measure]. The determination of the
amount of carbon dioxide in air.

anthraconecrosis (an-thrak-o-ne-kro'-sis) [anthrax;
vkupoxTvs, death]. The necrotic transformation of a
tissue into a black mass, as in dry gangrene.

anthracopestis (an-thrak-o-pes'-tis) [anthrax, pestis,
a plague]. Malignant anthrax.

anthracophlyctis (an-thrak-o-fiik'-tis) [anthrax;
<j>\vktIs, a pustule]. The same as anthracopestis.

anthracosis (an-thrak-o'-sis) [anthrax; poaos, dis-
ease]. 1. "Miners' lung." A diseased condition of
the lung pnjduced by the inhalation of coal-dust.
It is a form of pneumokoniosis. 2. A malignant or
corroding ulcer; a carbuncle.

anthraflavon (an-thra-flav'-on) [anthracene? flavus,
yellow], CnHsCu. A substance acting as a dibasic
acid, forming yellow needles subliming without fusion
at temperatures above 3000 C.

anthragallol (an-thrargal'-ol), CuH&Os. A reaction-
product of benzoic, gallic, and sulphuric acids. It
occurs as a dark-brown paste or orange-red acicular
crystals, soluble in alcohol; melts at 3100 C. Sub-
limes at 200° C. It is used in dyeing. Syn., trioxy-
anthraquinone.

anthrapurpurin (an-thra-pur'-pu-rin) [anthracene;
purpurin], CuHsOs. A derivative of anthraflavic
acid and an isomer of purpurin and of flavopurpurin,
almost identical with the latter; it forms orange-
colored needles, a. acetate, a. diacetate, a fine
yellow, tasteless powder, freely soluble in glacial
acetic acid and xylol, sparingly so in alcohol; insoluble
in water. It is used as an aperient and laxative
(it colors the urine red). Dose 7 1 gr. (0.5 Gm.).
Syn., purgatin; purgatol.

anthraquinolin (an-thra-kwin'-ol-in) [anthracene;
quina, bark], C17H11N. A crystalline substance
melting at 1700 C., boiling at 4460 C; its solutions
exhibit an intensely blue fluorescence.

anthraquinone (an-thra-kwin'-on) [anthracene;
quinone], C14H8O2. A substance produced by oxi-
dizing anthracene with HNO3. It sublimes in yellow
needles, melting at 2770 C, and is soluble in hot
benzene and HNO3.

anthrarobin (an-thra-ro'-bin) , C14H10O3. A deriva-
tive of alizarin, similar to chrysarobin. It is a
yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but
soluble in alcohol and dilute alkaline solutions. It is
useful in psoriasis, herpes, pityriasis versicolor.

anthrasol (an'-thra-sol). A proprietary coal-tar
preparation; used in the form of an ointment for
pruritus and for skin affections.

anthrax (an'-lhraks) [av6pa£, a coal or a carbuncle].

1. A carbuncle. 2. An acute infectious disease due
to Bacillus anthracis. Syn., milzbrand; charbon;
woolsorter' s disease; splenic fever; splenic apoplexy;
Siberian cattle plague; plaga ignis; acacanthrax; mal
de Chabert; abscessus gangrcenescens ; abscessus
gangrcznosus. a., apoplectic, a very acute and
virulent form of malignant anthrax coming on
without premonitory symptoms and chiefly affecting
horses and cattle, a., contagious, malignant anthrax.
a., hemorrhoidal, a contagious form affecting the
rectum of animals and marked by evacuations of
dark-colored blood, a., malignant, see anthrax (2).
a., pulmonary, gangrene of the lungs, a., sympto-
matic, see black-leg.

anthropo- (an-thro-po-) [avdpuiros, a man; a human
being]. A prefix signifying relating to man or to
the human race.

anthropogenesis (an-thro-po-jen'-es-is) [anthropo-;
ykveais, generation]. The development of man,
as a race (phylogenesis) and as an individual (onto-
genesis).

anthropogeny (an-thro-poj'-en-e) [anthropo-; yewav,
to produce]. The study or science of the descent of
man.

anthropoglot (an'-thro-po-glot) [anthropo-; y\waaa,
the tongue]. Human-tongued, as a parrot.

anthropography (an-thro-pog' -ra-fe) [anthropo-;
ypa<j>eiv, to write]. A treatise upon the human
structure or organism.

anthropoid (an'-thro-poid) [anthropo-; elSos, like].
Man-like.

anthropology (an-thro-pol'-o-je) [anthropo-; X670S,
discourse]. The science of the nature, physical and
psychological, of man and of mankind.

anthropometallism (an-thro-po-mef -al-izm) [an-
thropo-; metal]. Hypnotism or the like condition,
induced by looking at a metallic disc.

anthropometer (an-thro-pom'-et-er) [anthropo-;
\ikrpov, a measure]. An instrument used in anthro-
pometry.

anthropometry (an-thro-pom'-et-re) [anthropo-;
p.krpov, a measure]. The determination of the
measurement, weight, strength, and proportions of
the parts of the human body.

anthropomorphic (an-thro-po-mor'-fik) [anthropo-;
p.op4>r\, form]. Man-like.

anthropomorphism (an-thro-po-mor'-fizm) [anthro-
po-; p.op<j>ij, form]. 1. Anthropomorphosis (q. v.).

2. The theory which ascribes human attributes to
the Deity.

anthropomorphosis (an-thro-po-mor-fo'-sis) [an-
thropo-; p.op<f>n, form]. The development of the
human figure; a change into the shape of a man.

anthropomorphous (an-thro-po-mor'-fus) [anthropo-;
p.op<f>rj, form]. Resembling a man in shape or
character.

anthroponomy (an-thro-pon'-om-e) [anthropo-; man;
vonos, a law]. The sum of what is known concerning
the laws which control the formation and functions
of the human body.

anthropophagy (an-thro-pof'-a-je) [anthropo-;
<t>ayelv, to devour]. 1. Cannibalism. 2. Sexual
perversion leading to rape, mutilation, and canni-
balism.

anthropophobia (an-thro-po-fo'-be-ah) I [anthropo-;
4>6Pos, fear]. A symptom of mental disease consisting
in fear of society.

anthroposomatology (an-thro-po-so-mat-ol'-o-je) [an-
thropo-; <rG>p.a, body; X670S, science]. The sum of
what is known regarding the human body.

anthropotomy (an-thro-pot'-o-me) [anthropo-; row,
section]. Human anatomy, or dissection of the
human body.

anthropotoxin (an-thro-po-toks'-in) [anthropo-;
Totucop, poison]. The toxic substance supposed to
be excreted by the lungs of human beings.

anthydropic (ant-hi-drop'-ik) [anti-; vSpwip, dropsy].
Effective against dropsy.

anthypnotic (ant-hip-not' -ik) [anti-; vttvos, sleep].
1. Preventive of sleep. 2. An agent that tends to
induce wakefulness.

anthypochondriac (ant-hip-o-kon'-dre-ak) [anti-;
hypochondriac]. Efficient in overcoming hypochon-
driasis.

anthysteric (ant-his-ter'-ik) [anti-; varepa, the
uterus]. 1. Overcoming hysteria. 2. A remedy
against hysteria.

anti- (an-ti-) [tori, against]. A prefix meaning
against.

ANTIABRIN

67

ANTICONTAGIOUS

antiabrin {an-ti-a' -brin) [anti-; abrin]. Ehrlich's
term for a hypothetic alexin in the blood of animals
rendered immune against abrin.

antiacid (an-te-as'-id). Antacid.

antiades {an-tV -ad-ez) [pi. of <Wtds, tonsil]. The
tonsils.

antiaditis (an-ti-ad-i'-tis) [<Wids, tonsil; iris, inflam-
mation]. Tonsillitis.

antiadoncus (an-ti-ad-ong'-kus) [Lvrias, a swollen
tonsil; 67/cos, a heap]. Any tumor or swelling of the
tonsils.

antiagglutinin {an-te-ag-lu' -tin-in). A substance
having the power of neutralizing the corresponding
agglutinin, q. v.

antiaggressin (an-te-ah-gres'-in) [anti-; aggressin].
A substance having the power of neutralizing the
corresponding aggressin.

antialbumate, antialbuminate {an-te-aV -bit-mat,
an-te-al-bu' -min-at) [anti-; albumen, white of egg].
Parapeptone; a product of the imperfect digestion
of albumin. It is changed by the pancreatic ferment
into antipeptone.

antialbumid {an-te-aV -bu-mid) . See antialbumate.

antialbumin {an-te-aV -bu-min) [see antialbumate].
One of the products of the action of the digestion of
albumin; it is probably one of the preformed sub-
stances existing in the proteid molecule.

antialbumose {an-te-aV -bu-mos) [see antialbumate].
One of the albumoses produced by the action of
pancreatic juice on albumin. It resembles syntonin
or acidalbumin, and is convertible into antipeptone.

antialexin {an-te-al-ek' -sin) . A substance which
has the power of neutralizing the corresponding
alexin.

antiamboceptor {an-te-am-bo-sep' -tor) . A sub-
stance which inhibits the action of an amboceptor.

antianaphylactin {an-te-an-ah-fi-lak' -tin) . A sub-
stance which inhibits the action of an anaphylactin.

antianaphylaxis {an-te-an-ah-fi-lak' -sis). A con-
dition neutralizing anaphylaxis: a state of absolute
insusceptibility ; see ananaphylaxis.

antiantibody {an-te-an' -te-bod-e) . An antibody to
an antibody.

antiantitoxin (an-te-an-te-toks'-in). An antibody
which is formed in immunization with an antitoxin
and which inhibits its action.

antiaphrodisiac {an-te-af-ro-diz'-e-ak). See ana-
phrodisiac.

antiapoplectic {an-te-ap-op-lek'-tik). An agent
which affords relief in, or prevents apoplexy.

antiar (an'-te-ar). See antiarin.

antiarin (an-te'-ar-in) [Javanese, antiar or ant jar],
C14H20O5+2H2O. The active principle of Antiaris
toxicaria or Upas antiar, Javanese poison-tree.
Intensely poisonous and used as an arrow-poison.
Is a cardiac depressant. Dose xhs gr. (0.00065
Gm.).

antiarsenin {an-te-ar' -sen-in) . An antitoxin pro-
duced as the result of the administration of arsenic.

antiarthrin {an-te-ar' -thrin) . The commercial
name for a preparation said to consist chiefly of the
extractives of horse chestnut, with salicin, saligenin,
dextrose, and hydrochloric acid. It is said to be a
specific for gout. Dose, 1 gm.

antiarthritic {an-te-ar-thrit'-ik) [anti-; arthritis].
A remedy against gout.

antiasthmatic {an-te-az-mat'-ik). See antasthmatic.

antiautolysin {an-te-aw-toV -is-in) [anti-; avrds,
self; Xiio-ts, solution]. A substance developed in the
blood having the power to restrain the solvent action
of autolysin.

antibacterial {an-te-bdk-te' -re-al) [anti-; bacterial].
1. Opposed to the germ theory of disease. 2. Op-
posed to or restraining bacterial action.

antibacterin {an-te-bak' -ter-in) . 1. A pale yellow
fluid said to consist of boric acid, 6.25 parts; iron
chloride solution, 1.5 parts; chloric ether, to make
100 parts. It is used by inhalation in tuberculosis,
beginning with 150 gr. (10 Gm.) daily, and increasing
to 10 times that quantity. 2. Crude aluminum
sulphate mixed with soot.

antibechic {an-te-bek'-ik) [anti-; (Jfe, a cough].
1. Alleviating or curing cough. 2. A remedy for
cough or hoarseness.

antibilious {an-te-biV -yus) [anti-; bilious]. Effec-
tive against bilious disorders.

antibiosis {an-te-bi-o' -sis) [anti-; /3ios, life]. An
association between two or more organisms which
is harmful to one of them. It is the opposite of
symbiosis.

antibiotic {an-te-bi-ot'-ik) [anti-; 0los, life]. 1. Per-
taining to antibiosis. 2. Tending to destroy life.

antiblennorrhagic {an-te-blen-or-aj'-ik) [anti-; &\kv-
va, mucus; piyvvvai, to burst]. Efficient in pre-
venting or curing gonorrhea.

antibodies {an-te-bod'-ez). Characteristic consti-
tuents of the blood and fluids of the immune animal;
antagonistic to the harmful action of bacteria; e. g.,
antitoxins, agglutinins, precipitins, etc. Cf. anti-
toxin.

antebrachial {an-te-bra'-ke-al) [anti-; /3paxu>»\ the
arm]. Pertaining to the forearm.

antibrachium {an-te-bra' -ke-um) . The forearm.

antibromic {an-te-bro'-mik) [anti-; Ppu>p.os, a
stench]. 1. Deodorant. 2. A drug that destroys
offensive smells. A deodorizer.

antibrule {an'-ti-brul). A proprietary analgesic,
antiseptic, and keratoplastic.

anticachectic {an-te-kak-ek' -tik) [anti-; Ka»c6s, bad;
e£«, habit]. Effective in destroying cachexia.
2. A remedial agent against cachexia.

anticacochymic {an-te-kak-o-kim'-ik) [anti-; Kaicfo,
bad; xuauSs, juice]. Anticachectic.

anticalculous {an-te-kaV -ku-lus) [anti-; calculus].
Good against calculus; antilithic.

anticancrin {an-te-kang'-krin). See cancroin.

anticarcinomatous {an-te-kar-sin-o' -mat-us) [anti-;
Kapnivuna, cancer]. Preventing carcincoma.

anticardium {an-te-kar' -de-um) [anti-; napdia., the
heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of the stomach;
the infrasternal depression.

anticarious {an-te-ka' -re-us) [anti-; caries, decay].
Preventing decay, as of the teeth.

anticatarrhal {an-te-kat-ar'-al) [anti-; catarrh].
Counteracting catarrh.

anticathode {an-te-kath'-od). The part of a
Crookes' tube opposite the cathode; it is that part
on which the cathode rays impinge.

anticaustic {an-te-kaws'-tik). Arresting the action
of a caustic agent.

anticausticon {an-te-kaws'-tik-on) [anti-; /cawm/cos,
burning]. A preparation of soluble water glass.

antichirotonus, anticheirotonus {an-te-ki-rof -o-nus)
[anti-; x«'p. hand; tovos, tension]. Forcible and
steady inflection of the thumb, seen at times in or
before attacks of epilepsy.

antichlor {an'-te-klor). 1. Sodium thiosulphate.
2. Potassium sulphate.

antichlorin {an-te-klor'-in). A preparation used
in anemia and said to consist of glucose, basic bis-
muth formate, and sodium bicarbonate.

antichlorotic {an-te-klo-rot'-ik) [anti-; xKuporris,
greenness]. Counteracting chlorosis.

anticholerin {an-te-kol'-er-in) [anti-; xo^epa, choL-
era]. A product isolated from cultures of cholera
bacilli, and used in the treatment of cholera.

anticipating {an-tis' -ip-a-ting) [anticipare, to take
before]. Occurring before the regular or expected
time, as an anticipating intermittent fever, one in
which the paroxysms occur earlier on successive days.

anticlinal {an-te-kli'-nal) [anti-; tiklveiv, to slope].
Sloping in opposite directions, a. vertebra, in man,
the tenth thoracic vertebra, where the thoracic
vertebrae begin to assume the characters of the
lumbar.

anticloudine {an-te-klow'-din). Trade name of a
paste for preventing moisture from precipitating on
eyeglasses, mirrors, or glass or nickel instruments.

anticnemion {an-tik-ne' -me-on) [anti-; nv-qn-q, leg].
The shin or front of the leg.

anticnesmatic {an-tik-ne s-mat' -ik) [anti-; Kvr\ap.as,
itching]. 1. Efficient against itching. 2. A remedy
for itching.

anticoagulant {an-te-ko-ag' -u-lant) [anti-; coagu-
lum]. 1. Opposed to or preventive of coagulation.
2. A substance preventing coagulation.

anticoagulin {an-te-ko-ag' -u-lin). A substance
formed in the body antagonistic in its action to that
of a coagulin {q. v.) .

anticomplement {an-te-kom' -ple-ment) [anti-; com-
plement]. A substance held by Ehrlich in his lateral-
chain theory to enter into the composition of an
antihemolysin (g. v.). It is capable of neutralizing
the action of a complement. Cf. antiimmune body
under body.

anticomplementary {an-te-kom-ple-men' -tar-e) . Cap-
able of lessening of abolishing the action of a com-
plement.

anticontagious {an-te-kon-ta'-jus). Counteracting
contagion.

ANTICONVULSIVE

68

ANTIIMMUNE BODIES

anticonvulsive (an-te-kon-vuV-siv). Effective
against convulsions.

anticope (an-tik'-op-e) [avriKoirr), a beating back].
Resonance; reaction; repercussion; counterstroke.

anticornutin (an-te-kor-nu'-iin) . i. Topasol G. II,
an antiseptic combination of zinc and copper ferro-
sulphates. 2. Topasol G. IV, a combination of
iron, zinc, and calcium sulphate.

anticoroin (an-le-ko'-ro-in). Topasol G. V, an
antiseptic combination of zinc, and magnesium sul-
phates.

anticreatinine {an-te-kre-at'-in-in). A leukomaine
derived from creatinine.

anticrisis (an-te-kri'-sis) [anti-; crisis]. An agent
or phenomenon preventing a crisis.

anticritical (an-te-krit'-ik-al) [anti-; uplais, a crisis].
Preventing the crisis of a disease.

anticteric (ant-ik'-tur-ik) [anti-; icterus], i. Efficient
against jaundice. 2. An efficient agent against
j aundice.

anticus (an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that in front]. An-
terior; in front of.

anticyclic acid. See acid, anticyclic.

anticytolysin (an-te-si-tol'-is-in). A substance
opposing a cytolysin.

anticytotoxin (an-te-si-to-toks'-in). A substance
antagonistic in its action to a cytotoxin.

antidiabetic (an-te-di-ab-et'-ik) [anti; diabetes].
1. Efficient against diabetes. 2. A remedy for
diabetes.

antidiabeticum (an-te-di-a-bet'-ik-um). A prepara-
tion recommended for diabetes, said to consist of
wheat starch, sugar of milk, sulphur, powdered senna
leaves, and fennel. Syn., glycosolveol; glycosolvol.

antidiabetin (an-te-di-ab-e'-tin). A mixture of
saccharin and mannite, used instead of sugar by
diabetics.

antidiarrheal (an-te-di-ar-e'-al) [anti-; diarrhea].
Preventing or overcoming diarrhea.

antidiastase (an-te-di'-as-tas). An antibody to
diastase.

antidiastole (an-te-di-as'-to-le) [eWiSiao-roXij, dis-
tinction]. Differential diagnosis.

antidigestive (an-te-di-jes'-tiv) [anti-; digestion].
Preventing the proper digestion of the food.

antidinic (an-te-din' -ik) [anti-; Slvos, a whirl].
Relieving or preventing vertigo.

antidiphtherin (an-te-dif-ther-in). A solution con-
taining cultures of Bacillus diphtheria, used against
diphtheria, a., Klebs', a preparation obtained by
precipitation with alcohol from the culture-fluid of
Bacillus diphtherias after removal of the bacilli.

antidolorin (an-te-do'-lor-in) [anti-; dolor, pain].
A proprietary preparation of ethyl chloride, used
for the relief of superficial pain.

antidotal (an-te-do'-tal) [anti-; doros, given].
Having the nature of an antidote.

antidote (an'-te-dot) [see antidotal]. An agent
preventing or counteracting the action of a poison.
a., arsenical, is prepared by dissolving 100 parts of
the hydrated sulphate of iron in 250 parts of water,
to which 15 parts of burnt magnesia and 250 parts
of water are added, a., chemical, one that changes
the chemical nature of the poison so that it becomes
insoluble or harmless, a., mechanical, one that
prevents absorption by holding the poison in mechani-
cal suspension or by coating the stomach, a.,
physiological, one that counteracts the physiological
effects of a poison, a., universal, a mixture of 1 part
of dissolved iron sulphate in 2 parts of magnesia water.

antidotism {an' -te-do-tizm) [see antidotal]. Thera-
peutic or physiologic antagonism; the possession of
antidotal properties; the act of giving antidotes.

antidromic nerve impulses (an-te-drom'-ik) [anti-;
Spd/xos, a running]. Nerve impulses passing in the
opposite direction to the normal, such as occurs
when vasodilatation follows peripheral stimulation
of an afferent nerve.

antidynamic (an-le-di-nam'-ik) [anti-; dvpa/us,
force]. Weakening, depressing.

antidyne, antidynous (an'-te-dln, an-tid'-in-us)
[anti-; bSvvi), pain]. Anodyne.

antidyscratic (an-te-dis-krat'-ik) [anti-; Svatcpaaia,
bad temperament]. Tending to overcome, as a
dyscrasia.

antidysenteric (an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik) [anti-; dysen-
tery]. 1. Serviceable against dysentery. 2. A remedy
for dysentery.

antidysentericum (an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik-um). A pro-
prietary remedy for dysentery and chronic diarrhea,

said to consist of myrobalans, pelletierine, extract of
rose and gum arabic.

antidysuric (an-te-dis-u'-rik) [anti-; dvaovpia, diffi-
cult micturition]. Relieving dysuria.

antiemetic (an-te-em-et'-ik) [anti-; emetic]. Pre-
venting emesis; relieving nausea.

antiendotoxic (an-te-en-do-toks'-ik) . Preventing or
counteracting the effect of endotoxins.

antiendotoxin (an-te-en-do-toks'-in). An antibody
which counteracts a bacterial endotoxin.

antienzyme ian-te-en' '-zim) [anti-; enzyme]. An
agent which neutralizes the action of an enzyme.

antiephialtic (an-ti-ef-e-al'-tik) . See antephialtic.

antiepilectic (an-te-ep-il-ek'-tik). See antepilectic.

antifebrile (an-te-feb'-ril) [anti-; febris, a fever].
An agent reducing a fever; a febrifuge.

antifebrin (an-te-feb'-rin) [anti-; febris, a fever],
C6H5 . C2H3O . NH. The proprietary name of ace-
tanilide or phenylacetamide. A white, crystalline
powder, insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol,
ether, and chloroform. It is antipyretic and anal-
gesic. The drug's official name is acetanilidum.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.).

antiferment (an-te-fer'-ment) [anti-; fermentum,
leaven]. An agent that prevents fermentation.

antifermentative (an-te-fer-men'-ta-tiv) [antifer-
ment]. Preventing fermentation.

antiflatulent (an-te-flat' -u-lent) . 1. Efficient against
flatulence. 2. A remedy for flatulence.

antiformin (an-te-for'-min). Trade name of a
disinfectant preparation containing solution of
potassium or sodium hypochlorite and of sodium
hydrate. It has a powerful solvent action on certain
organic substances; and is used in the laboratory for
the separation of tubercle bacilli from sputum, urine,
and other pathological products which contain these
bacilli.

antifungin (an-te-fun'-jiri). Magnesium borate,
used as a gargle.

antigalactagogue (an-te-gal-ak'-ta-gog) [anti-; ya\a,
milk; dyayds, leading]. Same as antigalactic.

antigalactic (an-te-gal-ak'-tik) [anti-; ya\a, milk].
1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A drug that
lessens the flow of milk.

antigen (an'-te-jen) [anti-; yewav, to produce].
Any bacterium or substance which, when injected
into an organism, is capable of causing the formation
of an antibody.

antigermin (an-te-jer'-min). A compound of copper
and an acid, forming a yellowish-green, tenacious
mass, soluble in 200 parts of water. It is said to be
disinfectant, deodorant, and bactericidal.

antigerminal (an-te-jer'-min-al) [anti-; germ].
Relating to the pole of the ovum opposed to the
germinal pole.

antigonorrheic (an-te-gon-o-re'-ik). A substance
which is capable of aiding in the cure of gonorrhea.

antihelix (an-te-he'-liks). See anthelix.

antihemagglutinin (an-te-hem-ag-glu' -tin-in). A
substance opposed in action to the hemagglutinins

antihemolysin {an-te-he-moV -is-in) [anti-; alpa,
blood; Xvais, solution]. A complex substance in the
blood-serum developed by inoculations with hemoly-
sins. It is an antibody to hemolysin; and is com-
posed of anticomplements and antiimmune bodies.

antihemolytic {an-te-hem-o-lit'-ik). Relating to an
antihemolysin; not capable of dissolving blood-
corpuscles. Preventing hemolysis.

antihemorrhoidal (an-te-hem-or-oid'-al). 1. Effec-
tive against hemorrhoids. 2. A remedy for hemor-
rhoids.

antiherpetic (an-te-her-pet'-ik) [anti-; herpes].
Preventing herpes.

antihidrotic (an-te-hi-drot'-ik) [anti-; idpus, sweat].
1. Diminishing the secretion of sweat. 2. An agent
that lessens perspiration.

antihormone (an-te-hor'-mon) [anti-; hormone],
A hormone which counteracts another hormone; an
antagonistic hormone; a chalone.

antihydropic (an-te-hi-drop'-ik). See anthydropic.

antihydropin {an-te-hi' -dro-pin) [anti-; i>8up, water].
A crystalline principle obtainable from the common
cockroach, Blatta {P eriplaneta) orientalis, and said
to be diuretic. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 Gm.).

antihysterical (an-te-his-ter'-ik-al). Relieving or
inhibiting hysteria.

antiicteric {an-te-ik-ter'-ik) [anti-; icteric]. Service-
able against jaundice.

antiimmune bodies. See under body.

ANTIISOLYSIN

69

AXTIMYCETIC

antiisolysin (an-te-i-sol'-is-in). A substance which
is capable of counteracting the action of an isolysin.

antikamnia (an-te-kam' -ne-ah) [anti-; naixveiv, to
suffer pain]. A proprietary remedy said to be com-
posed of sodium bicarbonate, acetanilide, and
caffeine. It is used as an analgesic in doses of 5-10
gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).

antikathode (an-te-kath'-od) [anti-; kathode]. A
piece of platinum foil so placed in a Crookes tube
as to intercept the kathode rays; being thus rendered
fluorescent, it becomes a source of roentgen-rays.

antiketogen (an-te-ke'-to-jen) [anti-; ketogen]. A
substance which produces antiketogenesis.

antiketogenesis (an-te-ke-to-jen'-es-is) [anti-; ketone
(acetone); genesis]. The dimination of acidosis by
the oxidation of sugar and allied substances in the
body.

antiketogenic (an-te-ke-to-jen'-ik) [anti-; ketone
(acetone); yewav, to produce]. 1. Pertaining to
antiketogenesis. 2. Preventing the formation of
acetone.

antikinase (an-te-ki' -nas) . An antibody to kinase.

antikol (an'-tik-ol). A proprietary antipyretic
mixture said to contain acetanilide, sodium bicar-
bonate, and tartaric acid.

antilabium (an-te-la'-be-um). See antelabium.

antilactase (an-te-lak'-tas). Antibody which coun-
teracts lactase.

antilactic (an-te-lak'-tik). See antigalactic.

antilactoserum (an-te-lak-to-se'-rum). A substance
antagonistic in its action to lactoserum (q. v.).

antilemic, antiloemic, antiloimic (an-te-le'-mik,
an-te-loi' -mik) [anti-; Xot/xos, the plague]. Efficacious
against the plague or other pestilence.

antileprol (an-te-lep'-rol). The ethyl ester of
chaulmoogra acid, recommended in place of chaul-
moogra oil in treatment of leprosy.

antilepsis (an-til-ep'-sis) [avTikrjipis, a receiving in
return]. 1. The treatment of disease by the appli-
cation of the remedy to a healthy part; revulsive
treatment. 2. A taking root. 3. A taking effect.
4. A seizure; an attack. 5. The support of a band-
age.

antileptic (an-til-ep'-tik) [6lvtI\t)\Pis, a receiving
in return]. 1. Revulsive. 2. Supporting, assisting.

antilethargic (an-te-leth-ar'-jik). 1. Anesting
lethargy; hindering sleep. 2. An agent efficacious
against lethargy.

antileukocidin {an-te-lu-ko' -si-din). The antibody
for the leukocytic poison of the streptococcus.

antileukotoxin (an-te-lu-ko-tok'-sin). The antibody
to a leukotoxin.

antilipase (an-te-lip'-as). A substance inhibiting
or counteracting a lipase.

antilithemic (an-te-lith-e'-mik) [anti; lithemia].
Correcting lithemia.

antilithic (an-te-lith'-ik) [anti-; >.L6os, a stone].
1. Efficacious against calculus. 2. An agent pre-
venting the deposit of urinary sediment.

antilobium (an-te-lo'-be-um) [anti-; Xo/Scs, the lobe
of the ear]. The tragus or part of the ear opposite
the lobe.

antiloemic (an-ti-le' -mik) . See antilemic.

antiluetic (an-te-lu-et'-ik) [anti-; lues, the plague;
syphilis]. Efficacious against syphilis.

antilypyrin {an-te-le-pV -rin) . An antipyretic and
analgesic substance obtained by heating acetanilide,
1 part, with antipyrine, 2 parts. Dose 7-8 gr. (0.45-
0.52 Gm.).

antilysin (an-til'-is-in) [anti-; Aixm, a loosing].
A substance opposed to the activity of a lysin.

antilysis (an-til'-is-is). The condition due to the
activity of antilysins.

antilyssic (an-te-lis'-ik) [anti-; \vaaa, rabies].
1. Tending to cure rabies. 2. A remedy for rabies.

antilytic. Relating to the action of an antilysin.

antimalarial (an-te-mal-a'-re-al). Preventing or
curing malaria.

antimaniacal (an-te-ma-ni' -ak-al) [anti-; navLa,
madness]. Overcoming insanity.

antimellin (an-te-meV -in) . A remedy employed
in diabetes purporting to be a glucoside separated
from the fruit of Eugenia jambolana.

antimephitic (an-te-mef-if '-ik) [anti-; mephitis, a
pestilential exhalation]. Efficacious against foul
exhalations or their effects.

antimere (an'-te-mer) [anti-; nkpos, a part].
1. Any one of the segments of the body that are
bounded by planes typically at right* angles to the
long axis of the body. 2. A homotype.

antimerology (an-te-mer-ol'-o-je) [anti-; fiepos, a
part; \6yos, science]. The science of homoty pic parts.

antimetropia (an-te-met-ro' -pe-ah) [anti-; melropia].
A condition characterized by opposing states of
refraction in the two eyes, as, for example, the exist-
ence of myopia in one eye and of hyperopia in the
other.

antimiasmatic (an-te-mi-as-mat'-ik) [anti-; fiiaa-fia,
exhalation]. Preventive of malaria.

antimicrobic (an-te-mi-kro'-bik) [anti-; microbe].
Arresting the development of microbes; antibacterial.

antimicrophyte (an-te-mik'-ro-fit) [avH, against;
Mucpos, small; <j>vt6v, plant]. A germicide.

antimigraine (an-te-mig'-ran). A proprietary
preparation said to consist of caffeine, antipyrine
and sugar. Dose, 1.5 gm. Syn., antihemicranin.

antimonial (an-te-mo' -ne-aV) [antimonium, anti-
mony]. Containing antimony.

antimonic (an-te-mon'-ik) [see antimonial]. A
term applied to those compounds of antimony that
correspond to its higher oxide.

antimonide (an'-te-mo-nid). Any binary combi-
nation of antimony.

antimonious (an-te-mo'-ne-us) [see antimonial].
A term denoting those compounds of antimony that
correspond to its lower oxide.

antimonium (an-te-mo'-ne-um). See antimony.

antimony (an'-te-mo-ne) [L., antimonium]. Sb =
120.2; quantivalence III and V. A metallic, crystal-
line element possessing a bluish-white luster. The
symbol Sb is derived from the old name, stibium.
Antimony is found native, as the sulphide, Sb2S3, as
the oxide, and is a constituent of many minerals.
It is used commercially chiefly for making alloys.
Type-metal, Britannia metal, and Babbitt antifric-
tion metal are alloys of antimony. In medicine
salts of antimony are used less frequently than
formerly. The salts are cardiac and arterial de-
pressants, diaphoretic and emetic, and in large doses
powerful gastrointestinal irritants, producing symp-
toms resembling those of Asiatic cholera. Antimony
has been used as an antiphlogistic in sthenic inflam-
mation, as a diaphoretic and expectorant, and as an
emetic, a. arsenate, a heavy white powder; it is
used in syphilitic affections of the skin. Dose & gr.
(0.001 Gm.) 4 times daily, a. arsenite, a fine white
powder; it is used in skin diseases, a. chloride, SbCb,
the "butter" of antimony; a strong caustic, a.
iodide, Sbb, red crystals, decomposed by water,
soluble in carbon disulphide; melts at 167 ° C. It is
alterative. _ Dose |-i gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.) in pills.
a. oxychloride, the "powder of algaroth"; now little
used. a. pentoxide, St^Os, antimonic acid, combines
with bases to form antimoniates. a., pills of, com-
pound (pilules antimonii composite, B. P.), Plum-
mer's pills, contain calomel and sulphureted anti-
mony, of each, \ gr. (0.032 Gm.). a. and potassium
tartrate (antimonii et potassii tartras, U. S. P.;
antimonium tartaratum, B. P.), 2KSbOC4H40e . H2O,.
"tartar emetic." Dose ^-^ gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.).
a., powder of (pulvis antimonialis, B. P.), antimonial-
powder, James' powder, consists of antimonious
oxide 33, and calcium phosphate 67 parts, and is-
diaphoretic; in large doses, emetic and cathartic
Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). a. sulphide, Sb2S»,
black sulphide of antimony. Dose \-i gr. (0.016-
0.065 Gm.). a. sulphide, golden, Sb2So, a fine,
odorless, orange-yellow powder, soluble in alkaline
solutions. It is alterative, diaphoretic, emetic, and
expectorant. Dose £-ii gr. (0.01-0.1 Gm.) several
times daily, a., sulphureted (antimonium sulphur-
atum, B. P.), the sulphide with a small but indefinite
amount of the oxide. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.).
a. tartrate, (SbO^QHUOe+I^O, a white, crystalline
powder. Used internally as a substitute for arsenic
in affections of the skin. Dose ^ gr. (0.0065 Gm.)
3 to 5 times daily, a. trioxide, antimonious acid,
Sb2C>3; soluble in hydrochloric and tartaric acids.
Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). It is an ingredient
of James' powder, a., vegetable, boneset. a., wine
of (vinum antimonii, U. S. P.), boiling water, 60;
tartar emetic, 4; stronger white wine, 1000 parts.
It contains about 2 gr. of tartar emetic to the ounce.
Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.6 Cc).

antimonyl (an'-tim-on-il). SbO. The univalent
radical of antimonous compounds.

antimucorin (an-te-mu' -kor-in) . Topasol G. Ill,
an antiseptic preparation of iron and zinc sulphate.

antimycetic (an-le-mi-se'-tik) [anti-; ^vK-qs, fungus].
1. See actinomycotic. 2. A fungicide.

ANTIMYCOTIC

antimycotic (an-te-mi-kot'-ik) [anti-; tivK-qs, a
fungus]. Destructive to microorganisms.

antimydriatic {an-te-mid-re-at'-ik) [anti-; p.vSplacris,
mydriasis], i. Opposed to or arresting dilatation of
the pupils. 2. A drug efficacious against mydriasis.

antinarcotic (an-te-nar-kot'-ik) [anti-; vapKuo-is,
a benumbing]. Preventing narcosis.

antinausea (an-te-naw' -se-aK) . A remedy for
seasickness, said to consist of cocaine and antipyrine.

antinephritic (an-te-nef-rit'-ik) [anti-; ve<f>p6s, the
kidney; irw, inflammation]. Preventing or curative
of renal disease.

antinervin (an-te-ner'-vin) [anti-; nervus, a tendon
or nerve]. Salbromalide, a mixture of bromacetani-
lide and salicylanilide; used for the relief of neuralgia.

antineuralgic (an-te-nu-ral'-jik) [anti-; vevpov, a
nerve; aXyos, pain]. Overcoming neuralgia.

antineuritic {an-te-nu-riV '-ik) . i. Efficient in
neuritis. 2. A remedy against neuritis.

antineuropathic (an-te-nu-ro-path'-ik) [anti-; vevpov,
nerve; iraBos, a disease]. 1. Efficient against nervous
disorders. 2. A remedy efficient in nervous diseases.

antineurotic (an-te-nii-rot'-ik) [anti-; vevpov, a
nerve]. A remedy of service in nervous diseases.

antineurotoxin (an-te-nu-ro-tok'-siri). A substance
which inhibits or counteracts a neurotoxin.

antiniad (an-tin'-e-ad) [anti-; IvLov, the nape of the
neck]. Toward the antinion; glabellad.

antinial (an-tin'-e-al) [anti-; ivlov, the nape of the
neck]._ Pertaining to the antinion.

antinien (an-tin'-e-en) [anti-; ivlov, the nape of the
neck]. Belonging to the antinion in itself.

antinion (an-tin'-e-on) [anti-; ivlov, the nape of
the neck]. See craniometrical points.

antinonnin (an-te-non'-in), CeH2 . (N02)2 . CH3OK,
potassium orthodinitrocresylate. See dinitrocresol.

antinosin (an-te-no'-sin) [anti-; voo-os, disease].
Tetraiodophenolphthalein, the soluble sodium salt of
nosophen; it is a greenish-blue antiseptic powder,
used in powder or in solutions of 1 : 1000, for
irrigations or gargle.

antiobesic (an-te-o-be'-sik) [anti-; obesity], 1. Ef-
ficient against corpulence. 2. A remedy for cor-
pulence.

antiodontalgic (an-te-o-don-taV-jik) [anti-; 65ovs,
tooth; a\7os, pain]. Curative of toothache.

antiopsonin (an-te-op'-son-in). A substance re-
tarding or destroying the action of an opsonin.

antiorgastic (an-te-or-gas'-tik) [anti-; 6pya.o-p.6s,
swelling, excitement]. Anaphrodisiac.

antiotomia, antiotomy (an-te-o-to'-me-ah, an-te-
ot'-om-e) [hvTLas, a tonsil; rkp.vtw, to cut]. Excision
of the tonsils.

antipaludean (an-te-pal-u'-de-an) [anti-; palus,
a marsh]. Efficient against malarial diseases.

antiparalytic (an-te-par-al-it'-ik) [anti-; paralysis].
1. Efficient against paralysis. An agent or remedy
efficacious in paralysis.

antiparasitic (an-te-par-as-it'-ik) [anti-; irapaocros,
a parasite]. 1. Destroying parasites. 2. An agent
destroying parasites.

antiparastata (an-te-par-as'-tat-ah) [anti-; irapao--
t arris, testicle]. Cowper's glands.

antiparastatitis (an-te-par-as-tat-i'-tis) [anti-; rapaa-
■7-dTTjs, a testicle]. Inflammation of Cowper's glands.

antipathic {an-te-path'-ik) [anti-; iraBos, disease].

1. A synonym of allopathic, both terms alike being
rejected by the advocates of rational medicine.

2. Producing contrary symptoms. 3. Antagonistic.
4. Anodyne.

antipathy (an-tip'-a-the) [anti-; iraBos, affection].
1. Aversion; an opposing property or quality. 2.
Morbid disgust or repugnance for particular objects.

3. Allopathy (q. v.). 4. An object exciting morbid
dislike or aversion. 5. Chemical incompatibility.
a., insensile, morbid repugnance excited by the
presence of some object which was not perceived by
any of the senses, a., sensile, morbid aversion
aroused by some appreciable quality of the exciting
object.

{an-te-pep' -ton) [anti-; irkirreiv, to
A variety of peptone not acted upon

antipeptone
cook; digest],
by trypsin.

antiperiodic
going round]

(an-te-pe-ri-od'-ik) [anti-; irtplobos, a
1. Preventing periodic attacks of a
disease. 2. A remedy against periodic disease, a.
tincture, see Warburg's tincture.

antiperistalsis (an-te-per-is-tal'-sis) [anti-; irepl,
around; otoXo-Is, compression]. Reversed peristalsis;
inverted or upward peristaltic action.

70 ANTIPYRETIC

antiperistaltic (an-te-per-is-tal'-tik) [see antiperi-
stalsis]. Relating to antiperistalsis.

antiperonosporin {an-te-per-o-nos' -por-in) . Topasol
G. I, an antiseptic preparation of zinc and copper
sulphates.

antiphagin (an-lif'-a-jin) [anti-; phagocyte]. A
substance formed in virulent bacteria which protects
them against phagocytosis.

antiphagocytic (an-te-fag-o-sit'-ik). Protecting
against or preventing phagocytosis.

antiphialtic {ant-if-e-aV -tik) [anti-; i<pidXrris, night-
mare]. Preventive of nightmare.

antiphlogistic (an-te-flo-jis'-tik) [anti-; <pX6yo>o-Ls,
inflammatory heat]. 1. Counteracting fever. 2. An
agent subduing or reducing inflammation or fever.
3. Applied to the pneumatic theory of Lavoisier as
having supplanted Stahl's phlogistic theory, a.
treatment, bloodletting, the application of cold, the
administration of antipyretics, etc.

antiphlogistine (an-te-flo-jis'-tin) [see antiphlogistic].
Trade name of a paste said to consist of kaolin or
purified clay, glycerol, and antiseptics; it is a sub-
stitute for poultices.

antiphlogosis {an-te-fio-go'-sis) [see antiphlogistic].

1. The reduction of inflammation. 2. Inflammation
purposely excited to counteract other inflammation.

antiphone (an'-te-fon) [anti-; <puvr), sound]. An
appliance worn in the auditory meatus, and in-
tended to protect the wearer from noises.

antiphthiriac, antiphtheiriac (an-te-thi'-re-ak) [anti-;
4>0eip, a louse]. 1. Efficient against lice or the con-
dition caused by them. 2. An agent effective against
lice.

antiphthisic (an-le-liz'-ik) [anti-; <pdi<ris, a wasting].
Efficient against phthisis. An agent checking in
phthisis.

antiphthisin (an-te-ti'-sin). A modified tuberculin,
made from the slight residue after precipitation with
sodium bismuth iodide.

antiphymin (an-te-fi'-min) [anti-; 4>vp.a, a tubercle].
Trade name of a preparation used in tuberculosis.
It is said to consist of formaldehyde, ozone, sulphur
dioxide. Used by inhalation in tuberculosis.

antiphytosin (an-te-fi-to'-sin). A preparation re-
sembling tuberculin.

antipilus (an-te-pi'-lus) [anti-; pilus, a hair].
Trade name of a preparation for removing hair.

antiplasis (an-te-pla'-sis). See antiplasm.

antiplasm (an'-te-plazm) [anti-; irXao-fia, a thing
molded]. 1. Formation according to a pattern.

2. Remolding into the normal form,
antiplastic (an-te-plas'-tik) [anti-; irXacro-eiv, to

form]. 1. Unfavorable to granulation or to the
healing process. 2. An agent impoverishing the
blood: 3. Preventing or checking plastic exudation.

antipruritic (an-te-plu-rit'-ik) [anti-; irXevplrrjs,
pleurisy]. Overcoming pleurisy.

antipneumonic (an-te-nii-mon'-ik) [anti-; pneu-
monia]. Of value in treating pneumonia.

antipneumotoxin (an-te-nu-mo-toks'-in). An anti-
toxin opposing pneumotoxin.

antipodagric (an-te-po-dag'-rik) [anti-; irodaypa,
gout]. Efficacious against gout.

antipodal (an-tip'-od-al) [anti-; irovs, a foot].
Situated directly opposite, a. cells, a term applied
to a group of four cells formed in the lower end of
the embryo-sac opposite to the cells constituting the
egg-apparatus, a. cone, the cone of astral rays
opposite to the spindle-fibers.

antipraxia (an-te-praks'-e-ah) [anti-; irpao-ativ, to
do]. Antagonism of functions or of symptoms.

antiprecipitin (an-te-pre-sip'-it-in). A substance
antagonistic. to a precipitin (q. v.).

antiprostate (an-le-pros'-tat). See anteprostate.

antipruritic (an-te-pru-rit'-ik) [anti-; pruritus,
itching]. 1. Relieving the sensation of itching.
2. A drug that relieves the sensation of itching.

antipsoric (an-tip-so'-rik) [anti-; 4>6>pa, the itch].
Effective against itching or the itch.

antiputrefactive (an-te-pu-tre-fak'-liv). See anti-
septic.

antipyic (an-te-pi'-ik) [anti-; irvov, pus]. Checking
or restraining suppuration.

antipyogenic (an-te-pi-o-jen'-ik) [anti-; irvov, pus;
yewav, to form]. Preventing or counteracting sup-
puration.

antipyonin (an-te-pi'-on-in). Sodium tetraborate.

antipyresis (an-te-pi-re'-sis) [anti-; irvperos, fever].
The reduction of fever by means of antipyretics.

antipyretic (an-te-pi-ret'-ik) [see antipyresis].

ANTIPYRINE

71

ANTISPASMODIC

i. Cooling; lowering the temperature. 2. An agent
reducing temperature. The most important anti-
pyretic agents are cold, diaphoretics, and the newer
remedies, many of which are coal-tar products, such
as antipyrine, acetanilide, phenacetin, etc.

antipyrine, antipyrin (an-te-pi'-rin) [anti-; trvp,
fever heat], C11H12N2O. Phenazone. The scientific
name is dimethyloxychinicin-phenyldimethylpyra-
zolon, or dihydrodimethylphenylpyrazine. An alka-
loidal product of the destructive distillation of coal-
tar. It may be produced by heating acetoacetic
ester with methylphenylhydrazine. It is a grayish
or reddish-white, crystalline powder, slightly bitter,
soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, and crystal-
lizes from an ethereal solution in shining leaflets
melting at 1130. It reduces temperature, causes
sweating, at times vomiting, peculiar eruptions,
pruritus, coryza, etc. Not rarely a cyanotic con-
dition of the face and hands is produced. Antipyrine
is incompatible with nitrous compounds. It is a
powerful antipyretic and analgesic. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.3-1.0 Gm.). a. bichloral, a trituration-product
of 94 parts of antipyrine with 165.5 parts of chloral
hydrate; it is hypnotic and analgesic. Maximum
dose 45 gr. (3 Gm.). Syn., dichloralantipyrine. a.
mandelate, a crystalline compound of antipyrine
and amygdalic acid, used as a remedy for whooping-
cough. Dose f-8 gr. (0.05-0.5 Gm.). Syn., tussol;
phenylgly collate, a. salicylate, a. salol, a brown
liquid obtained by fusing together equal parts of
phenyl salicylate and antipyrine. It is recom-
mended as an antiseptic, and as a hemostatic in
uterine hemorrhage, applied by means of cotton
tampons. Syn., salipyrine. a., test for, see Fieux.

antipyrinomania (an-te-pi-rin-o-ma'-ne-ah) [anti-;
irvperos, fever; fiavla, madness]. A condition similar
to morphinism, due to excessive use of antipyrine.
It is marked by nervous excitement.

antipyrotic (an-te- pi-rot' -ik) [anti-; 7ri>pw<m, a
burning]. 1. Efficacious against burns. 2. An
agent curative of burns.

antirabic (an-te-ra'-bik) [anti-; rabies, madness].
Preventing or curing rabies.

antirennene (an-te-ren'-en). Morgenroth's name
for the principle which appears in the blood of an
animal following the introduction of rennet. It has
the power of impeding the action of rennet on milk.

antirheumatic (an-te-ru-mat'-ik) [anti-; rheuma-
tism). Preventing or curing rheumatism.

antirheumaticum (an-te-ru-maf -ik-um) . A com-
pound of sodium salicylate and methylene-blue.
It occurs in blue, prismatic crystals, soluble in water
and alcohol. Dose i-if gr. (0.06-0.09 Gm.).

antirheumatin (an-te-ru' -mat-in) . An ointment
used in treatment of rheumatism, and said to contain
fluorphenetol, 1 part; difluordiphenyl, 4 parts;
vaselin, 10 parts; wool-fat, 85 parts.

antirheumol (an-te-ru'-mol). A solution of the
glycerin ester of salicylic acid in glycerin and alcohol.
It is used as a liniment in rheumatism.

antiricin (an-te-ris'-in). The antibody to ricin.
Its action is inhibited by cold and accelerated by
heat.

antirrhachitic (an-te-rak-it'-ik) [anti-; pdx«, the
spinel. Serviceable against rickets.

antirrheoscope (an-te-re'-o-skop) [avrlppoia, a
flowing back; (ricoireiv, to view]. J. J. Oppel's device
for observing the manifestations of visual vertigo.

Antirrhinum (an-te-ri'-num) [L.]. A genus of
scrophulariaceous plants. A. linaria, called also
Linaria vulgaris, toadflax, ramsted, "butter-and-
eggs," is a herbaceous plant of Europe and North
America; diuretic, cathartic, and irritant; used as a
poultice and fomentation.

antiscabin (an-te-ska'-bin). A preparation said
to consist of beta-naphthol, balsam of Peru, soap,
glycerin, boric acid, and alcohol. It is used in the
treatment of scabies.

antiscabious (an-te-ska'-be-us) [anti, against; sca-
bies]. _ Effective against the itch.

antiscarlatinal (an-te-skar-lat'-in-al) [anti, against;
scarlatina]. Efficient against scarlet fever.

antiscirrhous (an-te-skir'-us). Efficient against
scirrhus.

antisclerosin (an-te-skle-ro'-sin). Trade name of a
preparation of various inorganic salts, similar to
Trunecek's serum, used in arteriosclerosis to lessen
the intra-arterial pressure.

antiscolic (an-te-skol'-ik) [&.vri, against; c/cwXtj^, a
worm]. Vermifuge. See anthelmintic.

antiscorbutic (an-te-skor-bic'-tik) [anti-; scorbutus,
scurvy]. 1. Effective against scurvy. 2. A remedy
useful in scurvy.

antisecosis (an-te-sek-o'-sis) [anti-; aijKoeiv, to
weigh, balance]. 1. A restoration of health, strength,
etc. 2. Regulation of the food.

antisensibilisin (an-te-sen-sib-iV -is-in) . One of
the substances in an antigen.

antisensitizer (an-te-sen'-sit-i-zer). In Ehrlich's
side-chain theory, a substance antagonistic in its
action to that of the intermediary body or sensitizer.

antisepsin (an-te-sep'-sin) [anti-; o-f)4/is, putre-
faction], Ce^BrNHGzHsO. Asepsin; bromated
acetanilide; soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble
in water. It is antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic.
Dose 6-7 gr. (0.39-0.45 Gm.).

antisepsis (an-te-sep'-sis) [see antisepsin]. Ex-
clusion of the germs that cause putrefaction.

antiseptic (an-te-sep' -tik) [see antisepsin]. 1. Hav-
ing power to prevent the growth of the bacteria
upon which putrefaction depends. 2. An agent
that prevents development of bacteria. Among the
principal antiseptics are mercuric chloride, creolin,
phenol, iodoform, thymol, salicylic acid, boric acid,
formaldehyde, and potassium permanganate, a.
gauze, open cotton cloth charged with an antiseptic.
a. ligature, catgut or other material rendered aseptic
by soaking in antiseptic solutions, a. treatment of
wounds, this looks to thorough antisepsis as regards
the wound, the instruments, the operator's hands,
ths dressings, etc.

antisepticin (an-te-sep'-tis-in). Trade name of an
antiseptic mixture containing benzoic and boric
acids, thymol and eucalyptol.

antisepticism (an-te-sep' -tis-izm) [see antisepsin].
The theory or systematic employment of antiseptic
methods.

antisepticize (an-te-sep' -tis-lz) [see antisepsin].
To render antiseptic; to treat with antiseptics.

antisepticol (an-te-sep' -tik-ol). Trade name of a
liquid antiseptic said to contain boric acid, sodium
borate, benzoic acid, thymol, eucalyptol, menthol
and oil wintergreen.

antiseptin (an-te-sep' -tin) [see antisepsin]. 1. Zinc
borothymoliodide. It consists of 85 parts zinc
sulphate, 2.5 parts each of zinc iodide and thymol,
and 10 parts boric acid. It is an antiseptic. 2. A
proprietary preparation said to consist of sodium or
potassium silicate, 2 parts, and a 0.1 % solution of
mercuric chloride, 1 part.

antiseptol (an-te-sep' -tol) [see antisepsin], Cin-
chonine iodosulphate, an odorless and fairly effective
substitute for iodoform.

antiserum (ante-se'-rum). A serum having the
power of agglutinating and precipitating another
serum, a. method, a method of differentiating
human from other blood; modified Uhlenhuth's
antiserum method. Human blood-serum is injected
into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits in doses of 10 Cc.
every 8 or 10 days. After 6 injections their blood is
collected and preserved on ice; the serum is pipeted
off after 24 hours. Some rabbits, as control-animals,
are not injected. The blood to be tested is, if dried,
first dissolved, and then, as is fluid blood, diluted
with ordinary water and salt solution. Several
drops of the test-serum are added and the tubes
placed at a temperature of 350. If the blood to be
tested is human, a turbidity appears invariably; if
not human, it remains clear.

antisialagogue, antisialagog (an-le-si-al'-a-gog) [an-
ti-; alaKov, saliva; ayuyos, leading]. 1. Preventing
or checking salivation. 2. A remedy that is effective
against salivation.

antisialic (an-te-si-al'-ik) [anti-; a-LaXov, saliva],
1. Checking the flow of saliva. 2. An agent that
checks the secretion of saliva.

antisideric (an-te-sid-er'-ik) [anti-; aldepos, iron].
1. Incompatible with iron and counteracting its
effects; impoverishing the blood. 2. An agent or
drug opposed to the action of iron; one which im-
poverishes the blood.

antispasmin (an-le-spaz'-min) , C23H26NOsNa +
3NaC?H603. A compound of 1 molecule of narceine
sodium united with 3 molecules of sodium sali-
cylate, occurring as a white, slightly hygroscopic
powder containing about 50 % of narceine. It is
sedative and hypnotic. Dose i-i 5 gr. (0.01-9.1
Gm.).

antispasmodic (an-le-spaz-mod'-ik) [anti-; <Tira.trp.es,
a spasm]. 1. Tending to relieve spasm. 2. An agent

ANTISPASTIC

72

ANTIVIVISECTION

relieving convulsions or spasmodic pains, as the
narcotics, the nitrites, etc.

antispastic (an-te-spas'-tik) [anti-; airaaTiicos, draw-
ing], i. Revulsive; counter irritant. 2. Antispas-
modic. 3- A revulsive agent. 4. An antispasmodic.

antispermotoxin (an-ie-spur-mo-toks'-in). A sub-
stance opposed in its action to spermotoxin.

antispirochetic (an-te-spi-ro-ke'-tik) [anti-; spiro-
chete, a genus of bacteria]. 1. Arresting the action
of spirochetes. 2. An agent having this power.

antisplenetic (an-te-splen-et'-ik) [anti-; splen, the
spleen]. Remedial in diseases of the spleen.

antistapbylolysin (an-te-staf-il-oV -is-in) [anti-; sta-
phylococci, a genus of bacteria; Xu<ris, a loosing].
A substance antagonistic to the toxic products of
staphylococci, contained in healthy blood-serum.

antistasis (an-tis'-tas-is) [anti-; <rrdo-«, a standing].
Opposition; opposing effect.

antistatic (an-tis-tat'-ik). Antagonistic.

antisternum (an-le-stur'-num). The part of the
back opposite the breast.

antistreptococcic {an-te-strep-to-kok'-sik) [anti-;
streptococci, a genus of bacteria]. Antagonistic to or
preventing the action of streptococci.

antistreptococcin {an-te-strep-to-kok'-sin). 1. The
streptococcus-antitoxin. 2. A serum used in ery-
sipelas.

antistrumous (an-te-stru'-mus) [anti-; struma, a
scrofulous tumor]. Effective against struma or
scrofula.

antisudoral (an-te-su'-dor-al) [anti-; sudor, sweat].
Checking the secretion of sweat.

antisudorific (an-te-su-dor-if'-ik) [anti-; against;
sudor, sweat; facer e, to make]. Checking the excre-
tion of sweat.

antisudorin (an-te-su'-dor-in) [anti-; sudor, sweat].
A proprietary mixture said to consist of boric, citric,
and salicylic acids, borax, glycerin, alcohol, distilled
water, and several ethers; it is used to diminish
sweating of the feet.

antisyphilitic (an-te-sif-il-it'-ik) [anti-; syphilis].
1. Effective against syphilis. 2. A remedy used
in the treatment of syphilis.

antitabetic. An agent used to mitigate or aid in
the cure of tabes dorsalis.

antitetanic (an-te-tet-an'-ik). Noting an agent
used to mitigate or aid in the cure of tetanus.

antithenar (an-te-the'-nar) [anti-; dkvap, the flat
of the hand or the sole of the foot]. 1. Opposite to
thenar. 2. A muscle that extends the thumb or
opposes it to the hand; an antithenar muscle, a.
eminence, the border of the palm of the hand from
the base of the little finger to the wrist, a. muscles,
of the toe and of the thumb; the abductor pollicis
pedis and the flexor brevis pollicis manus; also, the
first dorsal interosseous muscle.

antithermic (an-te-ther'-mik) [anti-; depp.11, heat].
Cooling; antipyretic.

antithermin (an-te-ther'-min) [see antithermic],
C11H14O2N2. Phenylhydrazinlevulinic acid, a coal-
tar derivative used as an antipyretic, analgesic, and
antiseptic. Dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.).

antithermolin (an-te-ther' -mo-lin) . Trade name of
clay preparation used as an anodyne and antiphlo-
gistic.

antithrombin (an-te-throm' -bin) . A substance of
the nature of a ferment, having the power of retarding
or preventing coagulation.

antithyroidin (an-te-thi-roid'-in). See serum, thy-
roid.

antitonic (an-te-ton' -ik) . 1. Counteracting the
effects of a tonic. 2. A drug having opposite effects
to those of a tonic. 3- Diminishing tone or tonicity.

antitoxic (an-te-toks'-ik) [anti-; to^ikov, poison].
Antidotal; counteracting poisons.

antitoxigen (an-te-tok' -sij-en) [antitoxin; yewav, to
produce]. Any substance which induces the pro-
duction or increase of antitoxin in the blood.

antitoxin (an-te-toks' -in) [see antitoxic]. 1. A
counterpoison or antidote elaborated by the body to
counteract the toxins of bacteria. According to
some authorities, antitoxins are, like the toxins,
bacterial products. Antitoxins are used in the
treatment of certain infectious diseases and also to
confer immunity against these diseases. 2. The com-
mercial name for a fine white powder said to be a
coal-tar product and used as an analgesic and anti-
pyretic. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.) in from
1 to 4 hours, a., artificial, an antitoxin prepared by
passing an electric current through a toxic bouillon.

a., diphtheria, one prepared from the blood-serum
of an animal inoculated with Bacillus diphtheria.
a., tetanus, one prepared from the blood-serum of an
animal inoculated with Bacillus tetani. a. unit, 10
times the amount of serum requisite to neutralize
completely 10 times the minimum fatal dose of
diphtheria toxin in a half-grown guinea-pig; or the
amount of antitoxin which, when inoculated into a
guinea-pig of 250 Gm. weight, will neutralize 100
times the minimum fatal dose of toxin of standard
weight.

antitragic (an-te-lraj'-ik) [anti-; rpayos, the tragus].
Pertaining to the antitragus. a. muscle, a mere
rudiment in man; it arises from the antitragus, and
extends to the cauda of the helix.

antitragus (an-te-tra'-gus). An eminence of the
external ear opposite the tragus.

antitrismus (an-te-tris'-mus) [anti-; rpttr/xos. a
creaking]. A condition of tonic spasm in which the
open mouth cannot be closed.

antitrope (an'-te-trop) [anti-; rpkireiv, to turn].
Organs arranged to form a symmetrical pair. Thus
the right eye is an antitrope to the left. 2. An
antibody.

antitropin (an-te-tro'-pin). An antibody.

antitrypsin (an-te-trip'-sin). An antibody in-
hibiting the action of trypsin.

antitryptic (an-te-trip'-tik). 1. A ferment inimical
to bacteria. 2. Antagonistic to proteolysis.

antitryptic index. The power of any given serum
to inhibit tryptic digestion as compared with that
possessed by a normal standard serum. It is said to
be raised in cancerous conditions, and it is used to
differentiate gastric cancer from gastric ulcer.

antituberculin (an-te-tu-ber'-ku-lin). Antibodies
found in the sera of individuals who have been
treated with tuberculin.

antituberculotic (an-te-tu-ber*ku-lot' -ik) [anti-;
tuberculum, a tubercle]. Good against tuberculosis.

antitulase {an-te-tu'-las). An immunizing serum
for tuberculosis obtained from animals which have
been injected with tulase.

antituman {an-te-tu'-man). Trade name of a
cancer remedy containing sodium chondroitin sul-
phate. Dose 1 to 2 grains.

antitussin (an-t'e-tus' -in) [anti ; tussis, cough].
An ointment consisting of difluordiphenyl 5 parts;
vaselin, 10 parts, and lanolin, 85 parts; used as an
application in catarrh.

antitussive (an-te-tus'-iv) [anti-; tussis, cough],
i. Relieving or preventing cough. 2. A remedy for
cough.

antityphoid (an-te-ti'-foid). Opposed to typhoid.
a. extract, a preparation obtained by injecting re-
peatedly cultures of typhoid bacilli of increasing
virulence into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. The
animals are killed as soon as they do not react to
poisonous doses, and extracts are made of the thymus,
spleen, bone-marrow, brain, and spinal cord, by
soaking these organs in a solution of salt, glycerol,
and alcohol, with the addition of some pepsin. The
filtrate is injected in typhoid cases.

antitypic (an-te-tip'-ik) [anti-; tvwos, a type].
1. Efficient against the periodic recurrence of a
paroxysm or fever. 2. Irregular; not conformable to
a type. 3. An antiperiodic.

antiuratic (an-te-u-rat'-ik). 1. Efficacious against
the deposition of urates. 2. An agent that prevents
the deposit of urates.

antiurease (an-li-u'-re-as). An antibody to urease.

antivenene, antivenin {an-te-ven'-en, -in) [anti-;
venenum, poison]. A serum perfected by Calmette
by injecting cobra venom mixed with solutions of
calcium hypochlorite into horses. It is used in
doses of 2-i~5 dr. (10-20 Cc.) in bites of venomous
serpents.

antivenereal {an-te-ven-e'-re-al) [anti-; venereus,
pertaining to Venus, or to sexual intercourse].
Antisyphilitic; anaphrodisiac.

antivenomous (an-te-ven'-om-us). Antagonistic to
venom; a term applied to immunized animals, to
certain serums, and to antitoxins.

antivermicular (an-te-vur-mik'-u-lar) [anti-; vermis,
a worm]. Anthelmintic.

antiverminous (an-te-vur' -min-us) . See antivermi-
cular.

antivirulent (an-le-vir'-u-lent) [anti-; virus, a
poison]. Effective against viruses.

antivivisection (an-te-viv-is-ek'-shun). Opposition
to vivisection or animal experimentation.

ANTIVIVISECTIONIST

73

AORTA

antivivisectionist (an-te-viv-is-ek'-shun-ist) [anti-;
vivus, living; sectio, a cutting]. One who opposes
the practice of vivisection.

antizymotic (an-le-zi-mot'-ik) [anti-; fuyuwo-is, fer-
mentation], i. Preventing or checking fermentation.
2. An agent preventing the process of fermentation;
an antiferment.

antlia (ant'-le-ah) [ava, up; rXaeiv, to lift]. A
syringe or pump. a. gastrica, a stomach pump.
a. lactea, a pump for drawing milk from the breast.
a. mammaria, same as a. lactea.

antocular (ant-ok' -u-lar) [ante, before; oculus, the
eye]. Situated in front of the eye.

antodontalgic (an-lo-don-tal'-jik). See antiodontal-
gic.

antodyne (an'-to-dln). Trade name of an analgesic
and sedative, derived from phenol. Dose 7% grains
(0.5 gr.).

antophthalmic (ant-off-thal'~mik) [anti-; 6<f>9a\fiia.
ophthalmia]. Preventive or curative of ophthalmia,

antorbital (ant-orb' -il-al) [ante, before; orbita, the
orbit]. Lbcated in front of the orbit.

antorgastic (ant-or-gas'-tik). See antiorgastic.

antozenic (ant-o-ze'-nik) [anti-; &£eiv, to smell].
Curative of ozena.

antozone (ant-o-zon) [anti-; 6few, to smell]. An
imaginary allotropic modification of oxygen, now
known to be only hydrogen dioxide.

antozostomatic (ant-o-zos-to-mat'-ik) [and-; 6£6a-
touos, having a foul breath]. Corrective of a foul
breath.

antra (an'-trah). Plural of antrum, q. v.

antracele (an'-tra-sel) [antrum; 107X77, a tumor].
Dropsy of the antrum; an accumulation of fluid in
the maxillary sinus.

antral (an'-tral) [antrum]. Relating to an antrum.

antrectomy (an-trek'-to-me) [antrum; e/cro^i?, ex-
cision]. Surgical removal of the walls of an antrum,
especially the mastoid antrum.

antritis (an-tri'-tis) [antrum; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of an antrum, especially the antrum of
Highmore.

antroatticotomy (an-tro-at-ik-ot'-o-me). The opera-
tion of opening the mastoid antrum and the attic of
the tympanum.

antrocele (an'-tro-sel). See antracele.

antronalgia (an-tron-al'-je-ah) [antrum; aXyos,
pain]. Pain in the antrum.

antronasal (an-tro' '-na-zal) . Pertaining to the
antrum of Highmore and the nasal fossa.

antrophore (an'-tro-for). Cacao-butter bougies,
containing tannin, 5 %; r'esorcinol, 5 %; thallin sul-
phate, 2 to 5 %; zinc sulphate, 0.5 %.

antrophose (an'-tro-foz) [avrpov, a cavity; <j>&s,
light]. A phose having its origin in the central
ocular mechanism.

antrorse (an-trors') [ante, before; versus, turned].
In biology, directed upward or forward.

antroscope (an'-lro-skop) [antrum; oKoirelv, to
look]. An instrument for examining the maxillary
sinus.

antroscopy (an-tros'-ko-pe). Inspection of the
antrum by means of an antroscope.

antroto'me (an'-tro-tom) [antrum; rkuvew, to cut].
An instrument for the performance of mastoid
antrotomy.

antrotomy (an-lrot'-o-me). Incision of an antrum.

antrotympanic (an-tro-tim-pan'-ik) [antrum; rvp.-
■Kavov, a drum]. Relating to the cavity of the tym-
panum and to the tympanic antrum.

antrotympanitis (an-tro-tim-pan-i'-tis) [avrpov, a
cave; rvfiwavov, a drum]. Chronic purulent otitis
media.

antrum (an'-tru?n) [L.]. 1. A cavity or hollow
space, especially in a bone. 2. The antrum of
Highmore. a., cardiac, Luschka's name for a
dilatation sometimes found in the esophagus imme-
diately above its passage through the diaphragm.
a., dental, pulp-cavity of a tooth, a., duodenal,
the normal dilatation presented by the duodenum
near its origin, a. ethmoidal, the ethmoid sinus, a.
of Highmore, a cavity in the superior maxillary
bone. Syn., antrum gencz. a. Highmori testis, see
mediastinum testis. a., mastoid, the hollow space
beneath the roof of the mastoid process, a., maxil-
lary, see a. of Highmore. a. pyloricum Willisii, the
cavity of the pylorus, a. tubae, a sac-like dilatation of
the Fallopian tube about an inch from the fimbriated
extremity, regarded by some as occurring only in
pregnancy, a. tympanicum, the mastoid antrum.

Antyllus' method for aneurysm [Antyllus, a Greek
physician of the third century A. D.]. It consists in
ligation above and below the sac, followed by opening
of the aneurysm and evacuation of its contents.

anuresis (an-u-re'-sis) [av, priv.; ovpov, urine].
Anuria.

anuretic (an-u-ret'-ik) [see anuresis]. Pertaining
to or affected with anuria.

anuria (an-u'-re~aK) [see anuresis]. Suppression
of the urine.

anuric (an-u'-rik) [see anuresis]. Pertaining to
anuria.

anurous (an-u'-rus) [av, /priv.; ovpd, a tail]. With-
out a tail.

anus (a'-nus) [L., "the fundament"]. The ex-
tremity of the rectum; the lower opening of the
alimentary canal, a., artificial, an opening estab-
lished from the bowel to the exterior at a point above
the normal anus, most commonly from the colon,
either in the lumbar or in the iliac region, a., fissure
of, a slight tear in the mucous membrane at the anus,
usually due to passage of hardened feces. It is very
painful, a., fistula of, fistula in ano, a sinus opening
from the rectum into the connective tissue about the
rectum or discharging externally, a., imperforate,
absence of the anus, the natural opening being closed
by a membranous septum, a., infundibuliform, a
relaxed condition of the anus with destruction of
the natural folds, a., preternatural, an abnormal
aperture serving as an anus, whether congenital,
made by operation, or due to disease or injury. Syn.,
fecal fistula; anus prceternaturalis. a., preternatural
ileovaginal, a., preternatural vaginal, a. praeter-
naturalis vestibularis, the rare abnormity of the
rectum opening through the vulva, a., Rusconi's,
the blastopore, a., umbilical, a preternatural anus
located in the umbilical region, a. vulvovaginalis,
an anal opening communicating with the vulva.

anusol (an'-us-ol). Trade name for suppositories
of bismuth iodoresorcinsulphonate; used in rectal
diseases.

anvil (an'-vil). See incus.

anxietas (ang-zi'-et-as). See anxiety, a. tibiae,
a. tibiarum. 1. An annoying sensation of restlessness
in the muscles of the legs noted in neurasthenia.
2. An_ irregular movement of the legs. Syn., fidgets.

anxiety (ang-zi'-et-e) [anxius, anxious], Restless-
ness, agitation and general malaise, or distress,
often attended with precordial pain, and a notice-
able appearance of apprehension or worry visible in
the features.

anydremia, anydraemia (an-id-re'-me-ah). See
anhydremia.

anypnia (an-ip'-ne-ah) [av, priv.; vtrvos, sleep],
Sleeplessness.

anytin (an'-it-in). See anitin.

anytol. See anitol.

AOC. Abbreviation of anodic opening contrac-
tion.

aochlesia (ah-ok-le'-ze-ah) [a., priv.; oxXjya-is, dis-
turbance]. Rest; tranquillity; catalepsy.

aol (a'-ol). Trade name of a derivative of san-
talum album.

A. O. M. Abbreviation for Master of Obstetric
Art.

aorta (a-ort'-ah) [aoprri, aorta]. The large vessel
arising from the left ventricle and distributing, by
its branches, arterial blood to every part of the body.
It ends by bifurcating into the common iliacs at the
fourth lumbar vertebra. The arch, that extending
from the heart to the third dorsal vertebra, is divided
into an ascending, a transverse, and a descending part.
The thoracic portion extends to the diaphragm; the
abdominal, to the bifurcation, a., cardiac, that part
of the embryonic vascular system giving rise to the
aortic arches, a. chlorotica, a narrowing of the aorta,
sometimes found in chlorotic patients, a., dorsad.
1. The embryonic vessel formed by the junction of
the two primitive aortas. Syn., primordial aorta;
subyertebral aorta. 2. The thoracic aorta, a., in-
ferior, the abdominal aorta, a., left, the embryonic
division of the vascular system which finally becomes
the aorta, a., main, the embryonic vessel formed
by the junction of the two primitive aortas, a.,
pectoral, the thoracic aorta, a., pelvic, the middle
sacral artery, a., pericardiac, the part of the aorta
within the pericardial cavity, a., primitive. 1. That
part of the aorta extending from its origin to the
point where it first branches. 2. Two embryonic
branches of the cardiac aorta extending through the

AORTAL

74

APHACIC

first visceral arch and uniting to form the dorsal
aorta, a., right, the embryonic division of the
aortic bulb which finally forms the pulmonary artery.
a., root of, the origin of the aorta at the heart. Syn.,
radix aorta, a., superior, the thoracic aorta, a.,
systemic, see a., left, a., thoracic, see under aorta.

aortal (a-or.t'-al) [see aorta]. Relating to the aorta.

aortarctia (a-ort-ark'-she-ah) [aoprij, aorta; arctare.
to constrict]. A constriction or stenosis of the aorta,

aortectasia (a-ort-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [aoprri, aorta; e*c,
out; tAo-is, a stretching]. Aortic dilatation.

aorteurysma (a-ori-u-riz'-mah) [aoprri, aorta;
evpvap.a, a widening: pi., aorteurysmata]. Aortic
aneurysm or dilatation.

aortic {a-ort'-ik) [see aorta]. Pertaining to the
aorta, a. arch, see aorta and arch. a. area, the
part of the thorax about the second right costal
cartilage, where the aortic murmurs and sounds are
best heard, a. foramen, see a. opening of diaphragm.
a. murmur, a murmur produced by disease of the
aortic valves, a. opening of diaphragm, the aperture
in, or really behind, the diaphragm, through which
the aorta passes, a. opening of heart, the opening
between the heart and the aorta, a. plexus, the
plexus of sympathetic nerves, situated on the front
and sides of the aorta, between the origins of the
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, a. sinus,
a deep depression between the leaflets of the aortic
valve and the aortic wall. a. valve, the three semi-
lunar valves closing the aortic opening during the
cardiac diastole.

aortism (a-or'-tizm). A liability to disease of the
aorta.

aortitis (a-ort-i'-tis) [aorta; tr«, inflammation].
Inflammation of the aorta, a., nummular, that
characterized by white, circular patches in the inner
coat.

aortoclasia, aortoclasis (a-or-to-kla' -ze-ah, -sis)
[aorta; kAcwis, a breaking]. Rupture of the aorta.

aortolith, aortolite (a-or'-to-lith, -lit) [aorta; Xi0os,
a stone]. A calculus formed in the aorta.

aortolithia (a-or-to-lith'-e-ah). A calcareous depo-
sition in the aorta.

aortomalacia, aortomalaxia (a-ort-o-mal-a'-se-ah,
-aks'-e-ah) [aorta; p.a\aKia, softening]. Softening of
the aorta.

aortopathy (a-ort-op'-ath-e) [aorta; iraSos, disease].
Any disease of the aorta.

aortoptosis, aortoptosia (a-or-top-to'-sis, -to'-ze-ah)
[aorta; nrr&o-Ls, a falling]. A drooping of the abdominal
aorta associated with visceroptosis.

aortosclerosis (a-orl-o-skle-ro'-sis) [aorta; aicXr/pos,
hard]. Induration of the aorta.

aortostenosis {a-ort-o-sten-o'-sis) [aorta; <rrev6s,
narrow]. Stenosis or narrowing of the aorta.

aosmic (a-oz'-mik) [a, priv.; bo-p.ii, smell]. Having
no odor.

apaconitine (ap-ak-on'-it-in) . See apoaconitine.

apagma (ap-ag'-mah) [and, from; ayvvpai, to
break; pi., apagmata]. i. Separation, as of a fractured
bone. 2. The part separated.

apallagin (ap-aV -aj-in) [airaWayr), deliverance].
An antiseptic mercury salt of nosophen (q. v.).

apandria (ap-an'-dre-ah) [&ir6, from; avr)p, a man].
Morbid dislike of the male sex.

apanthropia {ap-an-thro'-pe-ah). See apanthropy.

apanthropy (ap-an' -thro-pe) [airo, from; avdpuiros,
man]. Aversion to society; morbid desire for solitude.

aparthrosis (ap-ar-thro'-sis) [airo, from; apdpov, a
joint], i. Dislocation; luxation of a joint. 2. In
anatomy, diarthrosis.

apastia (ap-as'-te-ah) [dirao-rla, fasting]. Abstinence
from food, as a symptom of mental disorder.

apathetic (ap-ath-et'-ik) [&, priv.; irados, feeling].
Affected with apathy; listless; without emotion.

apathy (ap'-ath-e) [a, priv.; ir&Bos, feeling]. In-
sensibility; want of passion or feeling.

apatropine {ap-af -ro-pen) [airo, from; atropine],
C17H21NO2. A compound derived from atropine by
the action of nitric acid. It is said to produce
peculiar convulsions.

ape (jap) [ME.]. A man-like monkey, a. fissures,
those fissures of the human brain that are also found
in apes, a.-hand, a peculiar shape of the hand
produced by the wasting of the thumb-muscles; it is
seen in some cases of progressive muscular atrophy.

apella (ap-el'-lah) [a, priv.; ireXXa, skin]. A cir-
cumcised person; one with a short prepuce.

apellous (ah-pel'-us) [d, priv.; 71-eXXa, skin]. 1. Skin-
less. 2. Without a prepuce; circumcised.

apenta {ah-pen' 'Adh) . A Hungarian aperient water.

apepsia (ah-pep' -se-ah) [d, priv.; irkirreiv, to digest].
Cessation or absence of the digestive function, a.,
hysterical, apepsia due to hysteria. Syn., hysterical
anorexia. . a. nervosa, see anorexia nervosa.

apepsinia (ah-pep-sin'-e-ah). [a, priv.; pepsin].
Absence of pepsin or pepsinogen from the gastric
juice.

apeptic (ah-pep'-tik) [see apepsia]. Affected with
apepsia.

apeptous {ah-pep' -tus) [d, priv.; irkirreiv, to digest].
1. Crude, indigestible, uncooked. 2. Apeptic.

aperception {ap-ur-sep' -shun) . See apperception.

apergol (ap-er'-gol). A preparation containing
apiol, ergotin, oil of savine, and aloin.

aperient (ap-e'-ri-ent) [aperire, to open]. 1. Laxa-
tive; mildly purgative. 2. A mild purgative; a
laxative.

aperiodic (ah-pe-re-od'-ik) [&, priv.; irepwdos, a
circuit]. Not periodic.

aperistalsis {ah-per-is-taV-sis) [d, priv.; irepi,
around; <rrdX<ns, constriction]. Cessation of the
peristaltic movements of the intestine.

aperitive (ap-er'-it-iv) [aperire, to open]. 1. Aperi-
ent. 2. Deobstruent. p 3. Stimulating the appetite;
an appetizer, a., hygienic, hygienic measures for
stimulating the appetite.

aperitol (ap-er'-it-ol). A proprietary purgative
consisting of the acetate and valerate of phenolphtha-
lein. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 gm.).

apertometer (ap-ur-tom'-et-er) [aperture; p.krpov, a
measure]. An optic device for determining the angle
of aperture of microscopic objectives.

apertor (ap-er'-tor) [L., an opener or beginner].
In anatomy, anything that opens, a. oculi, the
levator palpebral muscle.

apertura (ap-er-tu'-rah). An opening, a. anterior
ventriculi tertii cerebri, the vulva cerebri, a. aquae-
ductus cochleae, opening of aqueduct of cochlea on
the petrous bone. a. chordae, the internal opening
of the canal for the chorda tympani nerve, a.
canalis inguinalis, the inguinal ring. a. declivis,
the anus. a. externa aquaeductus vestibuli, external
opening of the aqueduct of the vestibule, a. externa
canaliculi cochleae, external opening of the canaliculus
of the cochlea, a. inferior canaliculi tympanici,
inferior opening of tympanic canaliculus, a. lateralis
ventriculi quarti, the foramen of Key and Retzius.
a. medialis ventriculi quarti, the foramen of Magen-
die. a. narium, same as nares. a. pelvis (minoris)
inferior, lower opening of lesser pelvis (O. T. pelvic
outlet), a. pelvis (minoris) superior, upper opening
of lesser pelvis (O. T. pelvic inlet), a. pelvis superior,
the superior strait of the pelvis, a. piriformis, piri-
form opening (O. T. anterior nares). a. scalae
vestibuli cochleae, an opening between the vestibule
and the scala vestibuli of the cochlea, a. sinus
sphenoidalis, opening of sphenoidal sinus, a.
spinalis, the vertebral foramen, a. superior canali-
culi tympanici, opening for the smaller petrosal
nerve, a. thoracis inferior, lower thoracic opening.
a. thoracis superior, upper thoracic opening, a.
tympanica canaliculi chordae, opening of the iter
chordae posterius into the tympanum, a. uterina,
opening of the Fallopian tube into the uterus.

aperture {ap'-er-chilr) [apertura, an opening].
An opening, a., angular, in the microscope, the
angle formed between a luminous point placed in
focus and the most divergent rays that are capable
of pasng through the entire system of an objective.
a., numerical, the capacity of an objective for ad-
mitting rays from the object and transmitting them
to the image.

apex (a'-peks) [L., "the extreme end of a thing";
pi., apices]. The summit or top of anything; the
point or extremity of a cone. a. auriculae (Darwini),
tip of the auricle of the ear. a.-beat, the impulse
of the heart felt in the fifth intercostal space, about
3 1 inches from the middle of the sternum, a. capituli
fibulae, apex of the head of the fibula; the styloid
process of the fibula, a. cartilaginis arytaenoideae,
tip of the artenoid cartilage, a. columnae posterioris,
apex of the posterior column, a. cordis, the apex
of the heart, a. linguae, up of the tongue, a. of
the lung, the upper extremity of the lung behind the
border of the first rib. a. murmur, a murmur heard
over the apex of the heart, a. nasi, the tip of the
nose. a. radicis dentis, apex of the root of a tooth.

aphacia (ah-fa'-se-ah). See aphakia.

aphacic (ah-fa'-sik). See aphakic.

APHAGIA

75

APHTHA

aphagia (ah-fa'-je-ah) [&, priv.; 4>a.y(:Zv, to eat].
Inability to eat or to swallow.

aphakia (ah-fa'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; <t>ai<6s, a lentil;
the crystalline lens]. The condition of an eye
without the lens.

aphakic (ah-fa'-kik) [see aphakia]. Not possessing
a crystalline lens.

aphalangiasis {ah-fa-lan-ji'-as-is) [a, priv.; <t>a\ay£,
phalanx]. The loss or absence of fingers and toes,
as in leprosy. Cf. ainhum. .

aphasia (ah-fa'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; <f>aais, speech].
Partial or complete loss of the power of expressing
ideas by means of speech or writing. Aphasia may
be either motor or sensory. Motor or ataxic aphasia
consists in a loss of speech owing to inability to
execute the various movements of the mouth neces-
sary to speech, the muscles not being properly co-
ordinated, owing to disease of the cortical center.
It is usually associated with agraphia, . "aphasia of
the hand," inability to write, and right-sided hemi-
plegia. Some aphasiacs can write, but are unable
to articulate words or sentences; this variety is
variously named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria,
according as the impairment of speech is more or
less marked. Charcot supposes the center for
articulate language divided into 4 subcenters —
a visual center for words, an auditory center for
words, a motor center of articulate language, and a
motor center of written language. Lesions of one
or more of these centers produce the characteristic
forms of aphasia, all of which have clinical exempli-
fications. Sensory aphasia, or amnesia, is the loss
of memory for words, and may exist alone or in
association with motor aphasia. Amnesia appears
clinically in 3 distinct forms: 1. Simple loss of memory
of words. 2. Word-deafness, or inability to under-
stand spoken words (there is usually some paraphasia
connected with this form). 3. Word-blindness, or
inability to understand written or printed words.
a., Broca's, motor aphasia, a., conduction, such as
is due to defect in some commissural connection
between centers, a., cortical, a., pictorial, a., true,
descruction of the iunction of the auditory speech-
center, a., functional, that in which there is no
manifest lesion, but it occurs as a result of excitement
in hysteria or in severe constitutional disorders.
a., gibberish, a form of transcortical aphasia in
which the speech is confused, words or syllables
being transposed or jumbled together, due to dis-
ruption of the tracts associating cortical speech-
centers. Syn., jargon aphasia, a., Kussmaul's, see
Kussmaul. a., mixed, combined motor and sensory
aphasia, a., optic, inability to give the names for
objects seen, due to interrupted connection between
the centers for vision and speech, a., pure, a., iso-
lated, a., subcortical, a., subpictorial, aphasia arising
from a lesion interrupting impulses toward the
afferent tracts proceeding to the auditory speech-
center, a., supracortical, a., suprapictorial, that
form of lesion completely severing the connection of
the auditory center with the cortical center, but not
destroying the auditory speech-center, the afferent
tracts proceeding to it or the efferent tracts passing
from it to the motor speech-center, a., tactile,
inability to recognize objects by the sense of touch,
due to lesion in the central parietal lobule, a., total,
a., universalis, inability to utter a single word, a.,
Wernicke's, cortical sensory aphasia.

aphasiac (ah-fa'-ze-ak) [see aphasia]. One who is
aphasic.

aphasic (ah-fa'-zik) [see aphasia]. Relating to or
affected with aphasia.

aphelexia (af-el-eks'-e-ah). An incorrect form of
the word aphelxia, q. v.

aphelotic (af-el-oi'-ik) [d<£eXKeu>, to draw away].
Absent-minded; lost in reverie.

aphelxia (af -elks' -e-ah) [a<j>k\Ktiv, to draw away].
Absence of mind; inattention to external impressions.

aphemesthesia (ah-fem-es-the'-ze-ah) [a, priv.;
<£i7AM?, voice; aiad-qcns, sensation]. Word -blindness;
word-deafness.

aphemia (ah-fe'-me-ah) [a, priv.; <i>vny, voice].
Mocor aphasia; inability to articulate words or
sentences from centric and not from peripheral disease
See aphasia.

aphemic (ah-fe'-mik) [see aphemia]. Relating to or
affected with aphemia.

aphephobia {af-e-fo' -be-ah) [£#17, touch; 06/9os, fear].
Hyperesthetic dread of contact with other persons.

apheter (af'-et-er) [&<j>eTr)p, one who lets go or

sends away]. A supposed impulse-carrying, or
trigger-material, probably a cata?tate, which com-
municates to the inogen the nerve impulse that
causes its destruction, and the consequent muscular
contraction. In a larger sense, any trigger-material
that takes part in any functional process may be
called an apheter.

aphilanthropy (ah-fil-anf-thro-pe) [&, priv.; <pCKeiv,
to love; &vdp6)iros, man]. Absence of social feeling;
a frequent sign of approaching melancholia.

aphlogistic (ah-flo-jist'-ik) [a, priv.; <j>\6£, a flame].
1. Noninflammable. 2. Burning without flame.

aphonia (ah-fo'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; <j>o>vq, voice],

1. Loss of speech, due to some peripheral lesion.

2. Hysterical, or paralytic absence of the power of
speech. 3. Voicelessness. a. clericorum, clergyman's
sore-throat, a., paralytic, see 'paralysis, phonetic.
a. paranoica, stubborn silence in the insane, a.,
spastic, see dysphonia spastica.

aphonic (ah-fon'-ik) [see aphonia]. Speechless;
voiceless.

aphorama, aphorema (af-o-ra'-mah, -re'-mah)
[acpopav, to have in full view]. The state of having
projecting eyes, enabling one to see at a distance on
each side without moving the head.

aphoresis {ah-for-e' -sis) [a, priv.; 4>6prjcns, bearing].
1. Separation or ablation of a part, either by excision
or amputation. 2. Lack of the power of endurance,
as of pain.

aphoria (ah-fo'-re-ak) [&, priv.; (pkpeiv, to bear].
Sterility of the female; unfruitfulness. a. impercita,
that attributed to aversion, a. impotens, that due
to impairment of conceptive power, a. incongrua,
that attributed to nonresponsive condition of the
conceptive power to the seminal fluid, a. para-
menica, that due to menstrual disorder, a. polyposa,
that attributed to the existence of a uterine polyp.

aphoric, aphorous (af'-or-ik, af-or-us) [a'<i>opos,
sterile]. 1. Relating to, causing, caused by, or
affected with sterility. 2. Unbearable, insufferable.

aphose (ah'-foz) [&, priv.; <f>ws, fight]. A sub-
jective sensation of shadow or darkness. Cf. phose.

aphrasia (ah-fra'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; <j>pa£eiv, to utter].
Absence of the power to utter connected phrases.
a., paralytic, that due to paralysis of the ideation
faculty, a., superstitious, the voluntary avoidance
of certain words from scruples of nicety or religion.

aphrenic, aphrenous, aphraenous {ah-fren'-ik,
ah'-fren-us, ah-fre'-nus) [&, priv.; <t>prjv, the mind].
Insane.

aphrodescin, aphrodaescin (af-ro-des' -in) [a<f>poo8ris,
foamy], C52H82O23. A glucoside constituent of the
cotyledons of horse-chestnut. It is a* colorless,
amorphous powder, soluble in alcohol and water, its
watery solution frothing like soap.

aphrodisia (af-ro-diz'-e-ah) ['A<f>po8lrr], Venus].
Sexual desire, especially when morbid or immoderate;
sexual congress.

aphrodisiac (af-ro-diz'-e-ak) [see aphrodisia]. 1.
Stimulating the sexual appetite; erotic. 2. An agent
stimulating the sexual passion.

aphronesis (ah-fro-ne'-sis) [a, priv.; <j>p6vrj(ns,
good sense]. Foolishness, silliness, madness.

aphronia (ah-fro'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; <f>prji>, the mind].
Apoplexy.

aphtha (af'-tha) [a4>0a, an eruption; pi., aphlhcs].
A form of stomatitis characterized by the presence
of small white vesicles in the mouth, occurring chiefly
in children under 3 years, and supposed to be due
to a special microorganism. Syn., acacos; acatui;
ophlyctis; morbus aphthosus; thrush; sprue; angina
aphthosa; aphthous stomatitis, a. anginosa, a form
of sore throat attended by slight fever, redness,
and enlargement of the fauces, with the formation
of small whitish specks on the tongue and mucosa
of the throat. It usually occurs in cold, damp
weather and in women and children, aphthae,
Bednar's, two symmetrically placed ulcers seen at
times on the hard palate of cachectic infants, one on
each side of the mesial line, aphthae, cachectic,
those appearing beneath the tongue, and associated
with grave constitutional symptoms; Riga's disease.
Syn., Cardarelli's aphthae, sl. epizootica, see foot-
and-mouth disease, a. febrilis, ulceration of the
mouth, extending to the esophagus and stomach,
and accompanied by fever, a. serpens, aphthae
serpentes, see cancrum oris, aphthae tropicae, a
disease of the tropics marked by epigastric fulness,
pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and redness of the tongue,
with the formation of small, white, painful spots on it.

APHTHA

76

APOCYNUM

Syn., tropical sprue; psilosis; gastroenteritis aphthosa
indica; phlegmasia membranes mucosa gastropul-
monalis. aphthae, Valleix's, see aphtha, Bednar's.

aphtha? (af'-the). Plural of aphtha, q. v.

aphthenxia (af-ihengks'-e-ah) [A, priv.; <fi6ey£t.s,
utterance]. A form of aphasia with impaired ex-
pression of articulate sounds.

aphthoid (af'-lhoid) [see aphtha]. Resembling
aphthae.

aphthongia (af-thon'-ge-ah) [d, priv.; <£06yyos, a
sound]. A peculiar form of aphasia due to spasm
of the muscles supplied by the hypoglossal nerve.

aphthous {a f -thus) [see aphtha}, i. Percaining to
or affected with aphtha?. 2. Presenting the appear-
ance of a surface covered with little ulcers.

apical {a'-pik-al\ [apex, the top]. Pertaining to
the apex.

apices (a'-pis-ez) [L.]. Plural of apex. Summits.

apicifixed (a-pis'-e-fikt). Attached by the apex.

apiciform (a-pis'-e-form) [apex, the top; forma,
form]. Sharp-pointed.

apicilar (a-pis'-il-ar) [apex, the top]. Attached to
or located upon an apex.

apiin (ap'-e-in) [apium, parsley], C27H32O16. A
glucoside obtained from the leaves, stems, and seeds
of parsley, Apium petroselinum. It is a yellowish-
white, crystalline powder, soluble in hot water and
alcohol, slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in
ether.

apinoid (ah'-pin-oid) [&, priv.; wivos, dirt; elSos,
form]. Clean; not foul. a. cancer, scirrhus; so
called from its cleanly section.

apiol (ap'-e-ol) [apium, parsley; oleum, oil], C12H14-
O4. A principle occurring in parsley-seeds; it crystal-
lizes in long white needles, with a slight odor of
parsley; melts at 300 C. (86° F.), and boils at 2040 C.
(5720 F.). It is used in dysmenorrhea and in
malaria. In large doses it produces ringing in the
ears and frontal headache. Syn., parsley-camphor.
Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). a., green, crude
ethereal oil from seeds of parsley, Apium petroselinum.
It is used as an emmenagogue and antiperiodic. Dose,
in dysmenorrhea, 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc.) 2 or 3
times daily; in malaria, 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). a.,
liquid, an alcoholic extract of parsley-seeds.

apiolin (ap'-e-ol-in). Rectified essential oil of
parsley, a yellow neutral liquid boiling at about
3000 C., soluble in alcohol. It is used as an emmena-
gogue. Dose, 0.2 gm. 2 or 3 times daily.

apion (ap'-e-on) [apium, parsley]. A substance
obtained from apiolic acid by heating with dilute
sulphuric acid; melts at 690 C.

apiosoma (ap-e-o-so' -rnali) . A protozoon said to
be found in the blood of patients suffering from
typhus fever; it is related to Piroplasma bigonicum.

apiphobia (ap-e-fo'-be-ah) \.apis, a bee; <t>6fios, fear].
Morbid terror of bees and of being stung by them.

Apis {a' -pis) [L., a bee]. A genus of hymenop-
terous insects. A. mellifica, the honey-bee; in home-
opathy the poison of the honey-bee's sting, or a
preparation thereof.

apisin (ap'-is-in) [apis, a bee]. Bee-poison.

apisination (ap-is-in-a'-shun). Poisoning from the
stings of bees.

apituitarism (ah-pit-u'-it-ar-izm). The condition
of absence of the function of the pituitary body,
owing to removal of that body.

Apium (a'-pe-um) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous
plants. A. graveolens, see celery. A. petroselinum,
is the common garden parsley; aperient, diuretic,
somewhat antiperiodic; useful in dysmenorrhea.
Dose of the fluidextract (of the root) git. xv-3J.

aplacental (ah-plas-en'-tal) [&, priv.; placenta].
Destitute of placenta.

aplanasia (ah-plan-a'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; irkavav, to
wander]. Entire or nearly entire absence of spherical
aberration.

aplanatic (ah-plan-at'-ik) [see aplanasia]. Not
wandering; rectilinear, a. focus, that focus of a lens
the rays from which do not undergo spherical
aberration in their passage through the lens. a.
lens, a lens corrected for aberration of light and
color; a rectilinear lens.

aplanatism (ah-plan'-at-izm). See aplanasia.

aplasia (ah-pla'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; irkhaaeLv, to form].
Incomplete or defective development. Syn., agenesis.

aplastic (ah-plas'-lik) [see aplasia]. 1. Structure-
less; formless. 2. Incapable of forming new tissue.
3. Relating to aplasia. 4. Defective in fibrin. 5- Ap-
plied to inflammations unattended with organizable

exudation, a. lymph, a nonfibrinous material inca-
pable of coagulation or organization.

aplestia (ah-ples'-te-ah) [airX-qvTia, insatiate desire].
Insatiable hunger; acoria.

apleuria (ah-plu'-re-ah) jd, priv.; irXevpd, a rib].
Congenital absence of the ribs.

apnea, apncea (ap-ne'-ah) [a, priv.; wvelv, to
breathe]. 1. A transient cessation of respiration from
an overabundance of oxygen, as, e. g., after forcible
respiration. 2. Asphyxia, a., cardiac, the period
of apnea in Cheyne-Stokes respiration, a., nervous,
that due to disorders of the centers of respiration.
a., placental, placental tuberculosis, a., uterine, a
form of dyspnea observed in hysterical patients, due
to no manifest disease. Syn., uterine asthma.

apneumatic (ap-nu-mat'-ik) [&, priv.; irvev/ta,
breath]. 1. Collapsed; uninflated, not inflatable;
said of parts of the lung. 2. Carried on with the
exclusion of air, as an apneumatic operation or
process.

apneumatosis (ah-nu-mat-o'-sis) [&, priv.; irvevna-
rwo-is, inflation]. Collapse or non-inflation of the
air-cells.

apneumia (ap-nu'-me-ah) [d, priv.; irvevnuv, lung].
Congenital absence of the lungs.

apncea {ap-ne'-ah). See apnea.

apo- (ap'-o) [d-n-o, from]. A prefix denoting from,
away, separation.

apoaconitine (ap-o-ak-on' -it-en) [dn-6, from; aconi-
tum, aconite], C33H41NO11. An alkaloid prepared
from aconitine by dehydration.

apoatropine (ap-o-af -ro-pen) [bird, from; atropine],
C17H21NO2. An alkaloid obtained by the action of
HNO3 on atropine.

apobiosis (ap-o-bi-o'-sis) [airo, from; /3£os, life].
Local death of a part.

apoblema (ap-o-ble'-mah) [a.Tr6fi\t)fia; d-n-6, away;
jSdXXeti', to throw]. The product of abortion.

apobole (ap-ob'-o-le) [d7ro/36Xij, a throwing away].
Expulsion; abortion.

apocamnosis (ap-o-kam-no'-sis) [hironanveiv, to
grow utterly weary]. Intense and readily induced
fatigue.

apocatastasis (ap-o-kat-as'-tas-is) [airoKarao-Taais,
restoration]. 1. Return to a previous condition.
2. The subsidence of an abscess or tumor.

apocatharsis (ap-o-kath-ar'-sis) [airo, away; KaBap-
ais, purgation]. Purgation; abevacuation.

apocathartic (ap-o-kath-ar'-tik). Same as cathartic.

apocenosis (ap-o-sen-o'-sis) [hivoKevbeiv, to drain].
1. An increased flow or evacuation of blood or other
humors. 2. A partial evacuation. In the plural,
apocenoses, Cullen and Swediaur's term for diseases
marked by fluxes and unattended by fever.

apochromatic (ap-o-kro-mat'-ik) [and, away; xP^Ma.
color]. Without color, a. lens, a lens of a special
variety of glass, corrected for spherical and chromatic
aberration.

apocodeine (ap-o-ko'-de-in) [&w6, from; codeine],
C18H19NO2. An alkaloid prepared from codeine by
dehydration. It is emetic and expectorant, with
other qualities much like those of codeine, and is
recommended in chronic bronchitis. The hydro-
chloride is generally used. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.25
Gm.).

apocope (ap-ok'-o-pe) [diro, from; kottt], a cutting].
Amputation or abscission; an operation or a wound
that results in loss of substance.

apocopous (ap-ok'-o-pus) [diro/coiros, cut off].
Castrated.

apocoptic (ap-o-kop'-tik) [airoKoirTeiv, to cut off].
Affected by or occurring from the removal of a part.

apocrustic (ap-o-krus'-tik) [iiroKpoveiv, to beat off].
Repellent; defensive; astringent.

apocynein (ap-o-sin'-e-in). A glucoside from
Apocynum_cannabinum, similar in character to digi-
talein.

apocynin (ap-os'-in-in) [see apocynum]. The
precipitate from a tincture of Apocynum cannabinum;
tonic, alterative, and cathartic. Dose |-i gr. (0.016-
0.065 Gm.).

apocynum (ap-os'-in-um) [apocynon, dogbane].
Canadian hemp. The root of A. cannabinum, the
properties of which are due to apocynin. It is a
good expectorant; in full doses it is emetic and
cathartic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.2 Gm.); of tincture
5-40 min. (0.3-2.5 Cc). Another American species,
A., androsamifolium, has similar properties. a.,
fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum apocyni, U. S. P.).
Dose 5-20 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc).

APODAL

77

APOPLEXY

apodal (ap'-od-al). See apodous.

apodemialgia (ap-o-de-me-al'-je-ah) [a.Tro8i]fiLa, jour-
ney: aKyeiv, to grieve]. A morbid dislike of home-
life with a desire for wandering.

apodia (ah-po'-de-ah) [a, priv. ; iroi/s, a foot].
Congenital absence of feet.

apodous (ap'-o-dus) [a, priv.; 7roiis, a foot]. Foot-
less; characterized by apodia.

apogamy (ap-og' '-am-e) [&w6, away from; yafios,
marriage]. In biology, i. Asexual reproduction where
the opposite usually occurs. 2. The total and
normal absence of sexual reproductive power.

apokenosis (ap-o-ken-o'-sis). See apocenosis.

apolar (ah-po'-lar) [d, priv.; iroXos, the end of an
axis]. Not possessing a pole. a. cells, nerve-cells
without processes.

apolepsis (ap-o-lep'-sis) [diroXryi/'is, a leaving off].
Suppression or retention of a secretion or excretion;
cessation of a function.

apolexis (ap-o-leks'-is) [awo\r]%is, a declining].
The decline of life; the stage of catabolism or decay.

Apollinaris water (ap-ol-in-a'-ris). A German
alkaline mineral water, highly charged with carbonic
acid, and largely used as a diluent in gout, rheuma-
tism, etc.

apolysin (ap-ol'-is-in), CeH^OOal^NHsCeOe. A
compound of citric acid and phenetidin. It is anti-
pyretic and analgesic. Dose 8-90 gr. (0.5-5.0 Gm.)
daily. Syn., monophenetidin citric acid.

apomorphine (ap-o-mor'-fen) [dird, from; morphine],
C17H18NO2. An artificial alkaloid, derived from mor-
phine by the abstraction of a molecule of water.
a. hydrochloride (apomorphince hydrochloridum, U. S.
P.), is the salt used, and is a grayish, crystalline
powder. It acts as a centric emetic. Dose vtttu
gr. (0.003-0.0065 Gm.), hypodermatically, or TV-$
gr. (0.0065-0.01 Gm.) by the mouth. It is expec-
torant in small doses.

apomorphosis (ap-o-mor-fo'-sis) [dironop^ow, to
change the form]. A chemical change by which one
substance acting upon another takes something away
from it.

apomyelin (ap-o-mi'-el-in) [bird, from; p.ve\6s,
marrow]. A peculiar phosphatized principle reported
to exist in the brain tissue and containing no glycerol.

apomyttosis (ap-o-mit-o'-sis) [airoiivo-o-tiv , to blow
the nose]. Any disease marked by stertor; a sneezing.

aponal (ap'-o-nal). The carbamic acid ester of
tertiary amyl alcohol; it is used as a hypnotic in
doses of 15 to_30 grains (1-2 grammes).

apone (ap-on') [Fr.: d, priv.; ttovos, pain]. An
anodyne; especially the concentrated tincture of
capsicum; used externally for the relief of pain, and
internally in small doses, diluted, for hemorrhoids,
dyspepsia, and mania. Dose gtt. iij-x.

aponeurography (ap-o-nu-rog'-ra-fe) [airovevpcoais,
aponeurosis; ypd<pr), a writing]. A description of the
fasciae, or aponeuroses.

aponeurology (ap-o-nii-rol'-o-je) [&iropevpw<ris, apo-
neurosis; X670J, an account]. The science of the
fasciae or aponeuroses.

aponeurosis (ap-o-nii-ro'-sis) [airo, from; vevpov, a
tendon]. A fibrous, membranous expansion of a
tendon giving attachment to muscles or serving to
inclose and bind down muscles, a. of occipitofron-
talis muscle, the aponeurosis that separates the
two slips of the occipitofrontalis muscle, a. of soft
palate, a thin, firm, fibrous layer, attached above
to the hard palate, and becoming thinner toward the
free margin of the velum, a., subscapular, a thin
membrane attached to the entire circumference of
the subscapular fossa, and affording attachment by
its inner surface to some of the fibers of the sub-
scapularis muscle, a., supraspinous, a thick and
dense membranous layer that completes the osseo-
fibrous case in which the supraspinatus muscle is
contained, affording auachment by its inner surface
to some of the fibers of the muscle, a., vertebral,
a thin aponeurotic lamina extending along the whole
length of the back part of the thoracic region, serving
to bind down the erector spinae, and separating it
from those muscles that unite the spine to the upper
extremity.

aponeurositis (ap-on-u-ro-si'-tis) [aponeurosis, ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of an aponeurosis.

aponeurotic (ap-on-u-roV '-ik) [aponeurosis]. Per-
taining to an aponeurosis, a. fascia, a deep fascia.

aponeurotome {ap-on-u' -ro-tom) [airovtvpwo-is, apo-
neurosis; tow, cutting]. An instrument for dividing
fascia?.

aponeurotomy (ap-on-u-rot'-o-me) [airovevpwo-is,
aponeurosis; t6/«7, cutting]. The incision, dissection,
or anatomy of the fasciae; fasciotomy.

apophlegmatic (ap-o-fieg-mat'-ik) [&ir6, away;
<t>\kyp.a, phlegm]. Promoting the expulsion of
mucus from the air passages.

apophysary {ap-off ' -is-a-re) [L-wo^veiv , to put
.forth]. Pertaining to or of the nature of an apo-
physis.

apophysate {ap-off' -is-at) [6.tt6, from; <f>v<ris,
growth]. Furnished with an apophysis.

apophyseal, apophysial (ap-o-fiz'-e-al). Same as
apophysary.

apophysis (ap-of-is-is) [&tt6, from; <t>v<ris, growth;
pi. apophyses]. A process, outgrowth, or swelling of
some part or organ, as of a bone, a., basilar, the
basilar process of the occipital bone, a., cerebral,
the pineal body, apophyses, false, see epiphyses.
a. lenticularis, the orbicular process of the temporal
bone. a. raviana, the processus gracilis of the
malleus, apophyses, true, those which have never
been epiphyses.

apophysitis {ap-of-is-i'-tis) [see apophysis; itvs,
inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of an apophysis.
2. Appendicitis.

apoplasmia {ap-o-plaz'-me-ah) [airo, away; ir\aap.a,
plasm]. Deficiency of the blood-plasm.

apoplectic (ap-o-plek'-tik) [apoplexy]. Pertaining
to or affected with .apoplexy, a. equivalents, a name
given to the premonitory symptoms of apoplexy,
indicating that the brain is subject to alterations in
blood-pressure.

apoplectiform {ap-o-plek' -tif-orm) [apoplexy; forma,
form]. Resembling apoplexy.

apoplectigenous (ap-o-plek-tij' -en-us) [apoplexy;
yewav, to produce]. Producing apoplexy or cerebral
hemorrhage.

apoplectoid {ap-o-plek' -toid) . Same as apoplecti-
form.

apoplexy (ap' '-o-pleks-e) [hirowhrio-creiv , to strike
down, to stun]. The symptom-complex resulting
from hemorrhage or the plugging of a vessel in the
brain or spinal cord. The term is sometimes also
applied to the bursting of a vessel in the lungs,
liver, etc. a., asthenic, that due to vital depression.
a., atonic, that which comes on gradually and does
not attain a high degree of development. Syn.,
imperfect apoplexy, a., atrabilious, deep melancholy
attributed to resorption of bile, a., bulbar, that
due to hemorrhage into the substance of the oblon-
gata, causing paralysis of one or both sides of the
body, inability to swallow, difficulty in protruding
the tongue, dyspnea, gastric disorders, and tumul-
tuous action of the heart, a., capillary, one resulting
from rupture of capillaries, a., consecutive, that
due to the arrest of some habitual discharge or
eruption, a., cutaneous. 1. See purpura hemor-
rhagica. 2. A sudden effusion of bloody to the skin
and subcutaneous tissue, a., dysarthritic, a form
accompanying arthritic diseases, in which the pain
disappears from the joints, and vertigo, pain in the
head, etc., appear, a., epileptic, coma with epilep-
toid symptoms, sometimes observed in cerebral and
acute inflammatory diseases, a., febrile, paroxysmal
fever attended with deep sleep and stertor. Syn.,
apoplexia febricosa. a., fulminant, a sudden and
fatal apoplexy, a., ingravescent, a term applied to a
form of apoplexy in which there is a slowly pro-
gressive loss of consciousness, due to a gradual leakage
of blood from a ruptured vessel, a., muscular, an
escape of blood into the muscular tissue, a., nervous.
1. Acute anemia of the brain. 2. A condition marked
by symptoms of cerebral congestion and hemorrhage
which are due to functional disturbance of the
nervous system, a. of the ovary, a., ovarian, hemor-
rhage into the stroma of the ovary, through the rup-
ture of a follicle, converting the organ into a cyst or
hematoma. The blood is gradually absorbed, though
it gives rise to great pain; the cause is unknown.
a., phlegmonous, a condition attributed to inflam-
mation of the brain and its membranes; it is marked
by delirium, fever, severe headache, conjunctival
injection, lacrimation, and a hard pulse, a., pituit-
ous, serous apoplexy, a., placental, a., placentary,
escape of blood into the placental substance, a.,
pontile, apoplexy due to a rupture of a blood-vessel
in the pons Varolii, a., progressive, that in which
there is a very gradual increase of the paralysis and
other symptoms, a., pulmonary, escape of blood
into the pulmonary parenchyma, a., pulmonary,

APOPSYCHIA

78

APPENDICITIS

vascular, very acute and extensive congestion of th2
lungs, leading to apoplectic symptoms and a fatal
termination, a., sanguineous, hemorrhage' into or
upon the brain, a., serous, that due to an effusion
of serious matter into or upon the brain, a., simple,
the name given to those cases of death from coma in
which no cerebral lesion is found, a., spinal, rupture
of a blood-vessel of tha spinal cord, a., splenic,.
(x) flow of blood into the splenic substance; (2) con-
tagious anthrax, a., suppurative, that due to
purulent processes and fever, a., symptomatic,
that attributed to another disease or to the arrest
of some habitual evacuation, a., uterine, escape of
blood into the muscular tissue of the uterus, a.,
venous, that due to congestion of the veins.

apopsychia {ap-op-sik'-e-ah) [&v6, away; 1^x17,
spirit]. Syncope; fainting; a faint,

apoptosis (ap-op-to'-sis) [&ir6, away; wtuxtls, a
falling]. A falling off, as of a crust, or of the hair;
loosening of a scab or crust.

apoquinamine (ap-o-kwin'-am-en), C19H22N2O. An
artificial alkaloid occurring as a white, amorphous
substance derived from quinamine, conquinamine,
or quinamidine by action of hydrochloric acid.

aporetin (ap-o-re'-tin) [&71-6, from; pi\rlvt\, a resin].
A purgative resin derived from rhubarb.

aporocephalous (ap-o-ro-sef'-al-us) [airopos, diffi-
cult to distinguish; Ke<pa\ri, the head]. Having a
head scarcely distinguishable.

aporrhegma (ap-o-reg'-mah) [apo-; priyvwai, to
break in pieces]. A substance split off from another
substance by biological action.

aporrhinosis (ap-or-in-o'-sts) [&tt6, from; pis, nose],
A discharge from the nostril.

aporrhipsis (ap-or-ip'-sis) [&ir6, away from;
pl-KTtw, to throw]. The throwing off of the clothes
or the bed clothes; a symptom seen in some cases of
insanity and in delirium.

aposepsis (ap-o-sep'-sis) [airoariip is, putrefaction;
sea sepsis]. Complete putrefaction.

aposia (ah-po'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; irbcns, drinking].
Absence of thirst; adipsia.

apositia (ap-o-sit'-e-ah) [a-n-6, from; <tZtos, food].
Aversion to or loathing of food.

apositic (ap-o-sit'-ik) [&iro, from; alros, iood].
Impairing the appetite; affected with apositia.

apostasis (ap-os'-tas-is) [LiroffTacns, a standing
away from]. 1. An abscess. 2. The end or the
crisis of an attack of disease; termination by crisis.
3. An exfoliation.

apostatic (ap-os-tat'-ik) [diroo-Taa-is, a standing
away from]. Relating to or of the nature of an
apostasis.

apostaxis (ap-o-staks'-is) [&tt6, from; o-rd£is, a
dropping]. A discharge of fluid by drops; epistaxis.

apostem (ap'-o-stem), or apostema (ap-o-ste'-mah)
i.-n-6(TTTtp.a, an abscess]. An abscess.

apostematic (ap-os-tem-at'-ik) [&ir6<TTrip.a, an ab-
scess]. Relating to or of the nature of an abscess.

apostemation (ap-os-tem-a'-shuri) [apostematio, ab-
scess formation]. The formation of an apostem- or
abscess.

aposthia (ah-pos'-the-ah) [d, priv.; irSo-Or), prepuce;
penis]. Congenital absence of the prepuce or penis.

Apostolus method [Georges Apostoli, French
physician, 1847-1900]. The use of strong electrolytic
or chemical galvanocaustic currents in the treatment
of diseases of the female generative organs, especially
uterine fibroids.

apostrophe (ap-os'-tro-fe) [&ir6, away; orpkfaiv, to
turn]. The arrangement of chlorophyll bodies along
the side walls of the cells as a result of excess or
deficiency of light. Cf. epislrophe and dystrophe.

apothecaries' weight. A system of weights and
measures used in compounding medicines. The
troy pound of 5760 grains is the standard. It is
subdivided into 12 ounces. The ounce is subdivided
into 8 drams, the dram into 3 scruples, and the
scruple into 20 grains. For fluid measure the quart
of 32 fluidounces is subdivided into 2 pints, the pint
into 16 fluidounces, the ounce into 8 fluidrams, and
the fluidram into 60 minims. The following symbol.;
and abbreviations are used:
ne, minim. 5. uncia, an ounce (480

grains).
3, scrupulus, a scruple lb, libra, a pound.

(20 grains). O., octarius, a pint.

5, drachma, a dram (60 gr., granum, a grain.

grains). ss., semissis, one-half.

See Weights and Measures.

apothecary (ap-oth'-e-ka-re) [SnrodriKr), a storehouse].

1. A druggist or pharmaceutical chemist, one who
prepares and sells drugs, fills prescriptions, etc.

2. In Great Britain a physician filling his own pre-
scriptions ; especially one licensed by the Society of
Apothecaries of London, or by the Apothecaries'
Hall of Ireland.

apothem, apothema (ap'-o-them, ap-olh'-em-ah)
[euro, from; 6kp.a, a deposit]. A brown powder
deposited from vegetable infusions or decoctions
exposed to the air.

apothesis (ap-oth'-es-is) [airoOea-is, a putting
back]. The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
a. funiculi umbilicalis, the reposition of an abnormally
protruded umbilical cord.

apotheter (ap-oth'-et-er). A navel-string repositor
devised by Braun, consisting of a staff with a sling
attached in which the prolapsed funis is placed and
carried up into the uterine cavity.

apous (ah' -pus). See apodous.

apozem, apozema (ap'-o-zem, ap-oz'-em-ah) [&ird,
away; $eiv, to boil]. A decoction, especially one to
which medicines are added.

apparatotherapy (ap-ar-at-o-ther'-ap-e). Treat-
ment by mechanical apparatus.

apparatus (ap-ar-a'-tus) [apparatus, preparation].
1. A collection of instruments or devices used for a
special purpose. 2. Anatomically the word is used
to designate collectively the organs performing a
certain function. 3. A collection of pathological
phenomena. 4. Cystotomy, a., absorbent, the
blood-vess°ls and lymphatics. a., acoustic, a.,
auditory, the external and internal ear, the auditory
canal, the tympanum, and the Eustachian tube.
a., chirurgicus, surgical apparatus, a., digestorius,
digestive apparatus, a., lacrimalis, lacrimal appar-
atus, a. ligamentosus colli, the occipitoaxoid liga-
ment, a broad band at the front surface of the
spinal canal that covers the odontoid process, a.
magnus, a. major, median cystotomy, a. minor,
lateral lithotomy, a. respiratorius, respiratory
system, a., segmental, see nephridia. a., sound-
conducting, a collective term for the auricle, external
auditory canal, tympanum, Eustachian tube, and
mastoid cells, a., sound-perceiving, that part of
the organism concerned in the perception of sound
consisting Of the auditory nerve, and its center of
origin and peripheral distribution, or the organs of
the labyrinth, a., urinary, the kidneys, ureters,
bladder, and urethra, a. urogenitalis, urogenital
system, a., uropoietic, the kidneys.

apparent (ap-a'-rent) [apparere, to appear]. Seem-
ing; appearing to be like. a. death, see death.

apparition (ap-ar-ish'-un) [apparitio, an appear-
ance]. 1. A visual delusion or hallucination. 2. The
sudden aggregation of scattered principles into an
element or corpuscle.

appendage (ap-en'-daj) [appendere, to weigh;
hang]. Anything appended, usually of minor im-
portance, a., auricular. 1. The projecting part of
the cardiac auricle. 2. Virchow's name for a round
or elongated cartilaginous prominence in front of
the tragus, a. cecal, the appendix vermiformis.
a.s, cutaneous; a.s, dermal, the nails, hair, sebaceous
glands, and sweat-glands, a.s, epiploic, see appen-
dices epiploicce under appendix, a.s of the eye, the
eye-lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac
and ducts, and conjunctiva, a.s, fetal, the placenta,
amnion, chorion, and umbilical cord, a.s, moss-
like, short processes seen on some nerve fibres in the
granular layers of the cerebellum, a., ovarian, the
parovarium, a., pineal, the epiphysis, a., pituitary,
the hypophysis, a.s, uterine, the ovaries and ovi-
ducts.

appendalgia (ap-end-al'-je-ah) [appendix; akyos,
pain]. Pain in the appendicular region.

appendectomy (ap-en-dek'-to-me). See appen-
dicectomy.

appendiceal, appendical {ap-en-di-se'-al, ap-en'-
di-kal). See appendicular.

appendicectomy {ap-en-dis-ek'-to-me). [appendix;
€Krofi7i, excision]. Excision of the vermiform
appendix.

appendices epiploicse {ap-en'-dis-ez ep-ip-lo'-is-e).
See appendix.

appendicitis (ap-en-dis-i'-tis) [appendix; ms,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform
appendix. Syn., paratyphlitis; epilyphlitis; abscess
of iliac form, a., gangrenous, that in which the
vermiform appendix is found gangrenous and slough-

APPENDICOSTOMY

79

AQUA

ing, usually with one or more perforation1? and free
leakage, a large section of the right groin full of
lemon-colored, septic fluid, a puddle of filth under-
neath the cecum and ileum, the omentum fixed with a
cluster of bowel adhesions beneath. Syn., green
groin, a. larvata, an incipient or latent form of
appendicitis, a. obliterans, an inflammation char-
acterized by the progressive obliteration of the lumen
of the appendix, by the disappearance of the epi-
thelial lining and glandular structure. The symp-
toms are acute attacks of brief duration, moderate
swelling at the seat of disease, and persistent tender-
ness in the region of the appendix during the inter-
missions.

appendicostomy (ap-en-dik-os' '-to-me) . The opera-
tion of opening the vermiform appendix, previously
anchored in an incision in the anterior abdominal
wall, for the purpose of irrigating the cecum and
colon; employed in amebic dysentery and consti-
pation. Syn., Weir's operation.

appendicular (ap-en-dik'-u-lar) [appendicula, a
small appendix], i. Pertaining to the vermiform
appendix. 2. Pertaining to the limbs, a. colic, a
spasmodic colicky pain originating in the appendix.

appendiculate (ap-en-dik'-u-lat). Having appen-
dages or protruding accessory parts.

appendix (ap-en'-diks) [pi., appendices; appendere,
to hang upon or to]. An appendage, a. auricularis,
see appendage, auricular (1). a. cerebri, the pituitary
body, a., ensiform, see xiphoid, a. epididymidis,
the vas aberrans. appendices epiploicae, fatty
projections of the serous coat of the large intestine.
a. lobularis, the flocculus, a., suprasphenoid, a.
ventriculi, the hypophysis, a., vermiform, a. vermi-
formis, the small, blind gut projecting from the
cecum, a., xiphoid, see xiphoid.

apperception (ap-er-sep'-shun) [appercipere, to
perceive]. The conscious reception of a sensory
impression; the power of receiving and appreciating
sensory impressions.

appetence, appetency (ap'-e-tens, ap'-e-ten-se)
[appetentia, appetite]. An appetite or desire; the
attraction of a living tissue for those materials that
nourish it.

appetite (ap'-e-til) [appetere, to desire]. The desire
for food; also any natural desire; lust, a.-breakfast,
more tasty and desirable than the ordinary test meal,
and calculated to excite a more natural flow of gastric
juice, a.-juice, flow of gastric juice provoked by
the mere sight and taste of food (without swallowing
it), a., perverted, that for unnatural and indi-
gestible things, frequent in disease and in pregnancy.

appetizer (ap-e-ti'-zer) [appetere, to desire]. A
medicine, or dose, taken to stimulate the appetite.

applanate (ap'-lan-at) [ad, to; planus, flat]. Hori-
zontally flattened.

applanatio, applanation (ap-lan-a'-she-o, ap-lan-a'-
shun) [L.]. A flattening, a. corneae, flattening of
the entire surface of the cornea from disease.

apple (ap'-l) [AS., ceppel, an apple]. The fruit of
the tree, Pyrus malus. a., Adam's, see pomum
Adami. a.-brandy, an alcoholic spirit distilled from
cider; cider-brandy, a. extract, see extr actum ferri
pomatum under extract, a. eye, synonym of exoph-
thalmos, a. head, a term for the broad thick skull
of dwarfs, a. oil, amyl valerate.

applicator (ap'-lik-a-tor) [L,]. An instrument
used in making applications.

Appolito's operation (ap-ol-e'-to). Enterorrhaphy
by means of a form of right-angle continuous suture.

apposition (ap-o-zish'-un) [apponere, to apply to].
1. The act of fitting together; the state of being
fitted together. 2. An addition of parts. 3. Develop-
ment by accretion.

approximal (ap-roks'-im-al) [ad, to; proximus,
next]. That which is next to; contiguous. In
dentistry, pertaining to contiguous surfaces, as
approximal fillings.

apraxia (ah-praks'-e-ah) [a, priv.; vpaoaeiv, to do].
Soul-blindness; mind -blindness; object-blindness; an
affection in which the memory for the uses of things
is lost, as well as the understanding of the signs by
which the things are expressed.

aprication (ap-re-ka'-shun) [apricatio, a basking
in the sun]. The sun-bath; sun-stroke.

aproctia (ah-prok'-she-ah) [&, priv.; irpw/cros, anus].
Absence or imperforation of the anus.

aproctous (ah-prok'-tus) [&, priv.; irpwuTos, the
anus]. Having imperforation of the anus.

apron (a'-pron) [O. F., naperon], 1. A cloth or

rubber covering to prevent the clothing from becom-
ing soiled. 2. The omentum, a., Hottentot, arti-
ficially or abnormally elongated labia minora. Syn.,
pudendal apron, a., masonic, a name sometimes
given to a support, attached to the waist, for the
penis and testicles in gonorrheal cases, a. of succor,
a canvas stretcher for carrying the wounded.

aprosexia (ah-pro-seks'-e-ah) [Lirpoa^ia, want of
attention]. A mental disturbance consisting in
inability to fix the attention upon a subject. An
inability to think clearly and to comprehend readily
what is read or heard; a condition sometimes observed
in the course of chronic catarrh of the nose or of the
nose and pharynx.

aprosopia (ah-pro-so'-pe-ah) [&, priv.: -Kpoauntov,
the face]. A form of fetal monstrosity with absence
of part or all of the face.

aprosopous (ap-ros'-o-pus) [&, priv.; irpbauirov, the
face]. Exhibiting aprosopia.

aprosopus {ap-ros'-o-pus) [&, priv.; irpovuirov, the
face]. An aprosopous fetus.

apselaphesia (ap-sel-af-e'-ze-ah) [a, priv.^Xd^cm,
touch]. Loss of the tactile sense.

apsithyria, apsithurea (ah-psith-i'-re-ah, -u'-re-ah)
[&, priv.; xpidvpl£eit>, to whisper]. Hysterical aphonia,
in which the patient loses the voice and is also
unable to whisper.

apsychia (ah-si'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; ^XV, spirit].
Unconsciousness; a faint or swoon.

aptyalia, aptyalism (ap-ti-a'-le-ah, ap-ti'-al-izm)
[&, priv.; irrvaki^eiv, to spit], I. Deficiency or
absence of saliva. 2. Psychic salivation; debility
and general disorder from loss of oxydases due to
excessive expectoration.

apulosis (ap-u-lo' -sis) [ovXeiv, to cicatrize]. Cica-
trization, or a cicatrix.

apulotic (ap-u-lot'-ik) [oiiXetv, to cicatrize]. Pro-
moting cicatrization, or apulosis.

apus (a'-pus) [&, priv.; irovs, foot]. 1. A mon-
strosity consisting in absence of the lower limbs, or
feet. 2. An apodous fetus.

apyknomorphous (ah-pik-no-morf -us) [a, priv.;
■kvkvos, compact; nop<j>rj, form]. Applied by Nissl
to feebly staining cells, or those in which the stainable
portions are not arranged in close proximity.

apyonin (ah-pi'-on-in) [&, priv.; wvov, pus]. A
remedy introduced as a substitute for pyoktanin in
ophthalmic practice. It is said to be identical with
yellow pyoktanin.

apyous (ah-pi'-us). Having no pus.

apyretic (ah-pi-ret'-ik) [a, priv.; irvperos, fever].
Without fever.

apyrexia (ah-pi-reks'-e-ah) [&, priv.; irvperos,
fever]. The non-febrile stage of an intermittent
fever; intermission or absence of fever.

apyrexial (ah-pi-rek'-sc-al) [see apyrexia]. Per-
taining to, or the nature of, or characterized by
apyrexia.

aq. Abbreviation for aqua [L.], water; also for
water of crystallization.

aqua (ak'-wah) [L., gen., and pi., aqua]. Water.
An oxide of hydrogen, having the composition H2O.
It is a solid below 320, a liquid between 32 ° and
2120, vaporizes at 2120 at the sea-level (bar. 760
mm.), giving off vapor of tension equal to that of
the air. Water is an essential constituent of all
animal and vegetable tissues. In the human body
it forms 2 % of the enamel of the teeth, 77 % of
the tissues, 78 % of the blood, and 93 % of the
urine. Water is a valuable antipyretic; internally,
it is diuretic. It is the most useful of all the solvents.
Aqua, in pharmacy, designates various medicated
waters, a. ammoniae (U. S. P.), ammonia-water.
Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). a. ammoniae fortior
(U. S. P.), stronger ammonia-water, used externally.
a. amygdalae amaras (U. S. P.), bitter almond water.
Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). a. anethi (B. P.), dill-water.
Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). a. anisi (U. S. P.), anise
water. Dose §-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). a. aurantii
florum (U. S. P.), orange-flower water. Dose §-2
oz. (15-60 Cc). a. aurantii florum fortior (U. S. P.),
triple orange-flower water, a. bulliens, boiling water.
a. calcis, lime water, a. camphorae (U. S. P.),
camphor-water. Dose \-\ oz. (15-30 Cc). a. car-
bolisata, 22 parts of liquefied phenol in 978 parts of
distilled water. Dose 1 dr.-£ oz. (4-16 Cc). a.
chlori (liquor chlori compositus, U. S. P.), chlorine
water. Dose 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc). a. chloroformi
(U. S. P.), chloroform-water. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60
Cc). a. cinnamomi (U. S. P.), cinnamon-water.

AQUACAPSULITIS

80

ARANTIUS

Dose |-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). a. communis, common
water, a. creosoti (U. S. P.), creosote-water. Dose
1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc). a. destillata (U. S. P.),
distilled water, a. ferrata, a chalybeate water.
a. fervens, hot water, a. fluvialis, river-water.
a. foeniculi (U. S. P.), fennel-water. Dose 1-2 oz.
(30-60 Cc). a. fontana, well- or spring-water.
a. fortis, see acid, nitric, a. hamamelidis (U. S. P.),
hamamelis water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). a. hydro-
genii dioxidi (U. S. P.), solution of hydrogen dioxide
used chiefly locally, a. labyrinthi, the clear fluid
existing in the labyrinth of the ear. a. laurocerasi
(B. P.), cherry-laurel water. Dose 5-30 min.
(0.3-2.0 Cc). a. Levico, water from springs at
Levico in the Tyrol, containing arsenic, iron, and
copper, a. marina, sea water, a. menthae piperita?
(U. S. P.), peppermint-water. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60
Cc). a. menthae viridis (U. S. P.), spearmint water.
Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). a. oculi, the aqueous
humor, a. omnium fiorum, a liquid distillation-
product of cow-dung collected during the month of
May; formerly used in pulmonary tuberculosis, a.
pimentae (B. P.), allspice water. Dose \-2 oz. (15-
60 Cc). a. pluvialis, rain-water, a. putealis, a.
puteana, well-water, a. regia, see acid, nitrohydro-
chloric. a. rosae (U. S. P.), rose-water. Dose 1-2
oz. (30-60 Cc). a. rosae fortior (U. S. P.), used for
making rose-water, a. vita?, brandy or spirit.

aquacapsulitis (ak'-wah-kap-sii-li' -lis) [aqua; cap-
sula; ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
membrane of Descemet; serous iritis.

aqua? (ak'-we) [pi. of aqua]. Waters; medicated
waters.

aquaeductus (ak-we-duk'-tus), see aqueduct.

aquapuncture (ak'-wah-pungk'-chur) [aqua; punc-
tura, a puncture]. 1. Counterirritation by means of a
very fine jet of water impinging upon the skin; it is
useful in neuralgic disorders. 2. The hypodermatic
injection of water as a placebo.

aquatic (a-kwat'-ik) [aqua]. Pertaining to water.
a. cancer, synonym of cancrum oris.

aqueduct, aquaeductus (ak'-we-dukt, ak-we-duk'-
tus) [aqua; ductus, a leading]. A canal for the
passage of fluid; any canal, aquaeductus cerebri,
see a. Sylvii. aquaeductus cochleae, aqueduct of
the cochlea, a., communicating, aquaeductus com-
municationis, a small canal sometimes found at
the junction of the mastoid part of the temporal
bone with the petrosa, which transmits a venous
branch to the end of the transverse sinus, a. of
Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the vestibule, extending
from the utricle to the posterior wall of the pyramid
in the brain, aquaeductus Fallopii, see under Fal-
lopian, aquaeductus Sylvii, the aqueduct of Sylvius,
the passageway from the third to the fourth ventricle,
the iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum. Syn.,
ventricular aqueduct, a., temporal, an inconstant
canal at the dorsal part of the superior angle of the
petrosa, for passage of the squamosopetrosal sinus.
aquaeductus vestibuli, the aqueduct of the vestibule
of the ear.

aqueous (a'-kwe-us) [aqua]. Watery, a. chamber
of the eye, the space between the cornea and the
lens; the iris divides it into an anterior and a posterior
chamber, a. extract, a solid preparation of a drug
made by evaporation of its aqueous solution, a.
humor, the fluid filling the anterior chamber of the eye.

aquiducous (a-kwe-du'-kus) [aquiducus; aqua,
water; ducere, to lead]. Hydragogue.

aquiferous (ak-wif -ur-us) [aqua, water; ferre, to
bear]. Carrying water or lymph.

aquocapsulitis (ak-wo-kap-su-li'-tis). See aqua-
capsulitis.

aquosity (a-kwos'-it-e) [aquositas, watery]. The
state or condition of being watery; moisture.

aquozon (ak'-wo-zon). Ozonized, distilled, and
sterilized water, containing 3 % by volume of ozone.

arabate (ar'-ab-dt). A salt of arabic acid.

arabic acid (ar'-ab-ik). See arabin. a., gum-,
see acacia.

arabin (ar'-ab-in) [arabic], (CeHioOs^ +H2O. Ara-
bic acid. A transparent, glassy, amorphous mass,
an exudate from many plants. It is soluble in water,
and is the principal constituent of gum-arabic.

arabinose (ar'-ab-in- os) [arabic], C6H12O6. One of
the glucoses made from gum-arabic on boiling with
dilute H2SO4. It crystallizes in shining prisms that
melt at ioo°; is slightly soluble in cold water, has a
sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's solution, but is
not fermented by yeast.

arabite (ar'-ab-it) [arabinose], C5H12O5. A sub-
stance formed from arabinose by the action of sodium
amalgam. It crystallizes from hot alcohol in shining
needles, melting at 1020. It has a sweet taste, but
does not reduce Fehling's solution.

Arachis (ar'-ak-is) [apaxos, a leguminous plant].
A genus of leguminous plants. A. hypogaea, see
ground nut. a. oil, peanut oil.

arachnida (ar-ak'-nid-ah) [hpaxv-qs, a spider].
A class of arthropods to which belong ticks (acari),
mites (linguaiulidce), spiders (araneida) , and scorpions
(scorpionida).

arachnitis (ar-ak-ni'-tis) [arachnoid; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane
of the brain. Syn., leptomeningitis externa; arach-
nodeitis; arachnoiditis; arachnoideitis ; arachnoitis.
a., rhachidian, a., spinal, spinal meningitis.

arachnoid (ar-ak' -noid) [6.pax"v> a spider's web;
elSos, form]. 1. Resembling a web. 2. The arach-
noid membrane. Syn., membrana media cerebri;
meningion; meningium; meninx arachnoidea; meninx
media; meninx serosa. 3. Pertaining to a membrane.
4. Thready; feeble; said of the pulse, a. cavity,
the space between the arachnoid and dura mater.
a. membrane, the delicate membrane of the brain
and cord between the dura and pia mater. It is
separated from the pia by the subarachnoid space,
and passes over the convolutions without dipping
down into the fissures between them.

arachnoidal (ar-ak-noid'-al) [see arachnoid]. Per-
taining to the arachnoid membrane.

arachnoidea (ar-ak-noid'-e-ah) [see arachnoid).
The arachnoid membrane; see arachnoid, a. en-
cephali, arachnoid of brain, a. oculi, outer layer of
choroid, a. spinalis, arachnoid of spine.

arachnoiditis (ar-ak-noi-di'-tis). See arachnitis.

arachnoidism (ar-ak' -noi-dizm) [hpaxvris, spider]
The condition produced by the bite of poisonous
spiders.

arachnoiditis (ar-ak-noid-i'-tis). Same as arach-
nitis.

arachnolysin (ar-ak-noV -is-in) [apaxvys, a spider;
Xiio-is, a loosing]. A very active hemolytic substance
extracted from spiders.

arachnopia (ar-ak' -no-pi' -ah) [arachnoid; pia].
The arachnoid and the pia considered together.

arachnorrhinitis (ar-ak-no-rin-i'-tis) [apkxvns, spider;
pis, nose; ms, inflammation]. A disease of the
nasal passages supposed to be due to the presence
of a spider.

arachnotitis (ar-ak-no-ti'-tis) [apaxvn, spider; 6i>s,
ear; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation said to be
caused by a spider in the auditory canal.

arack (ar'-ak). See arrack.

araeometer (ar-e-om'-et-er). See areometer.

araiocardia (ar-i-o-kar'-de-ah) [apaios, thin; KapSia,
heart]. Brachycardia.

Aralia (ar-a'-le-ah) [L.]. A genus of plants, order
Araliacece, embracing several species, having aro-
matic, diaphoretic, and resolvent properties. Gin-
seng, wild sarsaparilla, petty-morrel, and other plants
esteemed in popular medicine belong here; few have
active qualities of high value in any disease.

Aran's green cancer (ar-ahn') [Frangois Amilcar
Aran, French physician, 1817-1861]. Chloroma;
malignant lymphoma of the orbital cavity associated
with grave leukemia, and tending to form metastases
through the lymphatic system. Syn., cancer vert
d "Aran. A.'s law, fractures of the base of the skull
are the result of injury to the vault, the extension
taking place by irradiation along the line of the
shortest circle. The fractures of the base which
occur by contre-coup are exceptions to this law.

Aran-Duchenne's disease (ar-ahn' -doo-shen') [see
Aran; Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne de
Boulogne, French physician, 1806-1875]. Pro-
gressive muscular atrophy.

araneous (ar-a'-ne-us) [aranea, a spider's web].
1. Full of webs; resembling a cobweb. 2. Applied
to a thready, feeble pulse. 3- Consisting of separate
filaments, a. membrane, the arachnoid membrane.

Arantius, bodies of (ar-an'-she-us) [Julius Caesar
Arantius (Arantio, or Aranzio), Italian anatomist,
1530-1589]. The fibrous tubercles in the center of
each segment of the semilunar valves. A., canal of,
A., duct of, the ductus venosus. The smaller of the
two branches into which the umbilical vein divides
after entering the abdomen; it empties into the
ascending vena cava and becomes obliterated after
birth. A., ligament of, the obliterated ductus venosus

ARAROBA

81

ARCH

of Arantius. A., ventricle of, a small culdesac in
the medulla oblongata, forming the lower termina-
tion of the fourth ventricle.

araroba (ar-ar-o'-bah) [Brazil]. Goa powder.
An oxidation-product of the resin found deposited
in the wood of the trunk of A. andira, of Brazil.
Its active principle is chrysarobin or chrysophanic
acid. It is largely used in skin affections.

arbor (ar'-bor) [L.]. A tree. A name for the
arbor vita? of the cerebellum, a. vita? [tree of life].
i. A term applied to the arborescent appearance of a
section of the cerebellum, and also to a similar appear-
ance of the folds of the interior of the cervix uteri.
2. The Thuja occidentalis.

arborescent (ar-bor-es'-ent) [arbor]. Branching
like a tree.

arborization (ar-bor-iz-a'-shun) [arbor], i. A form
of nerve-termination in which nerve-fiber is brought
into contact with muscle-fiber by means of an ex-
pansion. 2. A group of crystals shoving a tree-like
appearance, a., terminal, i. A branched end of a
sensory nerve. 2. A motor end-plate, a., vascular,
a tree-like branching of blood-vessels.

arbulith (ar'-bu-lith). Trade name of a mixture of
lithium benzoate and arbutin; it is used as a urinary
antiseptic and antilithemic.

arbutin (ar'-bu-tin) [arbutus], C12H15O7. A bitter
glucoside obtained from Arciostaphylos uva-ursi, or
bearberry. It is neutral, crystalline, and resolvable
into glucose and hydroquinone. It is diuretic.
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). See Uva ursi.

Arbutus, (ar-bii'-tus) [L.]. A genus of ericaceous
shrubs and trees. A. menziesii, the madrono of
California, has an astringent bark, useful in diarrhea.
A. unedo, the European arbutus, is astringent and
narcotic. A., trailing, see Epigcea.

arc {ark) [arcus, a bow]. A part of the circum-
ference of a circle; a more or less curved passageway.
a., bigonial (of lower jaw), a measurement around
the anterior margin of the jaw. a., binauricular, a
measurement from the center of one auditory meatus
to the other, directly upward across the top of the
head, a., bregmatolambdoid, a measurement along
the sagittal suture, a., diastaltic nervous, Marshall
Hall's term for the nerves concerned in a reflex action.
a., frontal, the measurement from the nasion to the
bregma, a., maximum transverse, the measurement
across the face from a point on each side just anterior to
the external auditory meatus, a., nasobregmatic, a
line measured from the root of the nose to the bregma.
a., nahomaiar, measurement between the outer
margins of the orbits over the nasion. a., naso-
occipital, measurement from the root of the nose to
the lowest occipital protuberance, a., occipital,
measurement from the lambda to the opisthion.
a., parietal, measurement from the bregma to the
lambda, a., reflex, the pathway for a reflex act,"
comprising the center, the afferent and efferent
nerve, a., voltaic, the band of light formed by the
passage of a strong electric current between two
adjacent carbon points.

arcade (ar-kad') [see arc]. 1. A series of arches;
an arch. 2. The bow of a pair of spectacles, a.,
crural, Poupart's ligament, a.. Flint's, the arterio-
venous arch about the base of the renal pyramids.
a., temporal, a., temporal, inferior, the zygoma.
a., temporal, superior, the orbital arch.

arcanum (ar-ka'-num) [L., "a secret"]. A secret
medicine.

arcate (ar'-kat) [arcatus, bow-shaped]. Bow-
shaped; curved; arcuate.

arcatura (ar-ka-lu'-rah) [arcus, a bow]. A condi-
tion of horses marked by the undue outward curva-
ture of the forelegs.

arcein (ar'-se-in). Arecolin hydrobromide ; it is an
active miotic.

arch (arch) [arcus, a bow]. 1. A structure having
a curved outline resembling that of an arc or a bow.
2. A part of a circle, a., abdominothoracic, the
lower boundary of the front of the thorax, a., alve-
olar, that marking the outlines of the alveolar pro-
cesses of the jaw. a., anastomotic, one uniting two
vein, or arteries, a., anterior hyoid, a general term
which includes the tympanohyal, epihyal, stylohyal,
and ceratohyal arches, a., aortic, see aorta, a.s,
aortic, five pairs of vascular arches existing in the
fetus, a.s, axillary, twigs of the latissimus dorsi,
sometimes passing over the vessels and nerves
to the anterior part of the axilla, where they disap-
pear in the tissues, a.s, branchial, the cartilaginous

arches that support the gills of fishes. They are
also present in the human fetus, a.s, cervical, the
fourth and fifth postoral arches, a., cortical, that
portion of the renal substance which stretches from
one column to another and surrounds the base of
the pyramids, a., costal, the arch of the ribs,
a., cotylosacral, one formed by the sacrum and the
osseous structures extending to the coxofemoral
joints. Syn., standing arch, a., crural, Poupart's
ligament, a., dental. 1. The parabolic curve
formed by the cutting-edges and masticating surfaces
of the teeth. 2. The alveolar arch, a., epen-
cephalic, the bones lying over the epencephalon,
uniting in man to form the occipital bone. Syn.,
neurooccipital arch, a., facial, the first postoral
arch, a., femoral, same as a., crural, a., femoral,
deep, a band of fibers originating apparently in the
transverse fascia, arching across the crural sheath
and attached to the middle of Poupart's ligament
and the pectineal line. Syn., deep crural arch.
a.s of the foot, certain arches formed by the bones of
the foot; the most distinct is the transverse in the
line of the tarsometatarsal articulations. The inner
longitudinal is composed of the os calcis, the astra-
galus, the navicular, the 3 cuneiforms, and the first
3 toes, and the outer longitudinal is made up of the
os calcis, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth toes
a., gluteal, an opening in the gluteal fascia trans-
mitting the gluteal vessels and nerves, a., hemal,
Owen's term for the inferior loop of the typical
vertebra. It is so called because it surrounds the
essential portion of the vascular system. It is
formed dorsally by the centrum, laterally by the
pleurapophyses and hemapophyses, and inferiorly
by the hemal spine. Syn., infravertebral arch;
subcentral arch; vertebral ventral arch, a., hyoid, the
second branchial arch of vertebrates. Syn., lingual
arch; arch of tongue; parietohemal arch, a., inguinal,
Poupart's ligament, a., ischiopubic, that formed by
the pubis and the ischiopubic branches, a., ischio-
sacral, one formed by the sacrum, the descending
branches of the ischia, and the ilia lying be-
tween. Syn., sitting arch, a., laryngeal, Callender's
term for one in the embryo composed of a mem-
branous plate extending from the lower portion of
the skull and developing into the inferior constrictor
muscle, the cartilages of the larynx, the superior
portion of the trachea, and the thyroid body, a.s,
lateral inferior (of the skull), the bones encircling
the mouth, nose, and larynx, a.s, lateral superior,
the bones encircling the cerebrum, the cerebellum,
and the oblongata, a., mandibular, the first branch-
ial arch, developing into the lower jaw. Syn.,
maxillary arch, a., maxillary. 1. See a., mandi-
bular. 2. See c, palatomaxillary, a., mesence-
phalic, one formed by the basisphenoid, alisphenoid.
parietal, and mastoid bones. Syn., neuroparietal
arch, a., nasal, one uniting the two frontal veins.
a., neural, the superior loop of the typical vertebra
inclosing the neural canal. Syn., dorsal vertebral
arch; supravertebral arch, a., occipitohemal. See
girdle, shoulder-. Syn., pectoral arch; scapular arch;
scapuloclavicular arch; scapulocoracoid arch, a.,
osteoblastic, those formed imperfectly or completely
by the osteoblasts, arising from the bony trabeculae,
already developed and finally becoming bony, a.,
palatal, the concavity of the hard palate when seen
in transverse section, a. of the palate, posterior,
that formed by the posterior pillars of the fauces.
Syn., palatopharyngeal arch, a., palatine, that
formed by the anterior pillars of the fauces. Syn.,
anterior arch of the palate, a., palatomaxillary, one
formed by the palatine, maxillary, and premaxillary
bones or their analogue; it is looked upon as the
hemal arch of the nasal vertebra. Syn., maxillary
arch, a., palmar, the arch formed by the radial
artery and ulnar arteries in the palm of the hand;
there are two — a superficial and a deep. Syn.,
radial arch, a., palmar, superficial, the continuation
of the ulnar artery across the palm, a., pelvic, the
bones of the pelvis considered as the hemal arches
of the sacral vertebrae, a., pharyngeal, the fifth
pair of branchial arches, a., plantar, the arch made
by the external plantar artery, a.s, postoral, arches
in the fetus, five in number, that develop into the
lower jaw and throat. See a., branchial. Syn.,
cephalic, poststernal, skeletal, subaxial, vascular,
visceral arches, a., prosencephaly one considered as
the neural arch of the frontomandibular vertebra;
it is formed by the frontal, presphenoid, and orbito-

ARCH

82

ARCIFORM

sphenoid bones. Syn., neurofrontal arch. a. of
pubes, that part of the pelvis formed by the con-
vergence of the rami of the ischium and pubis on
each side. Syn., subpubic arch, a., radial. See a.,
palmar, a., rhinencephalic, the neural arch of the
nasal vertebra, formed by the vomer and the pre-
frontal and nasal bones. Syn., neuronasal arch.
a., Riolan's, the arch of the mesentery which is
attached to the transverse mesocolon, a., stylohy-
oid, the hemal arch of the parietal vertebra formed
by the stylohyal, epihyal, ceratohyal, basihyal,
glossohyal, and urohyal bones, a., supraorbital,
the curved and prominent margin of the frontal
bone that forms the upper boundary of the orbit.
a.s, tarsal, the arches of the palpebral arteries.
a., thyrocartilaginous, a communicating branch
between the superior thyroid arteries of the two
sides, lying at about the level of the angle of the
thyroid cartilage, a., thyrohyal, a., thyrohyoid, the
third of the postoral arches ; it develops into the hyoid
body and the greater cornua of the hyoid bone.
a., tonsillar. See isthmus of the fauces, a., trabe-
cular, one formed by the junction of the middle
trabeculae of the skull, containing the hypophysis
and the infundibulum. a. of a vertebra, the part of a
vertebra, formed of two pedicles and two laminae,
inclosing the spinal foramen, a., vertebral, i. A
neural arch. 2. A hemal arch, a., zygomatic, the
arch formed by the malar and temporal bones. Syn.,
subocular arch; suborbital arch; temporal arch.

arch-, archi [dpxi7, primitive]. Prefixes denoting
first, chief, or principal.

archaeocyte (ar-ke'-o-slt) [dpxalos, ancient; kvtos,
a cell]. A wandering or free ameboid cell.

archasus (ar-ke'-us) [dpxalos, ancient]. In spagiric
medicine, the invisible counterpart of the visible
body; solar heat as a source of life. 2. v. Helmont's
name for the vital principle of an organism.

archameba (ark-am-e'-bah) [arch-; djuoi/Si?, change].
Haeckel's hypothetic progenitor of all amebas and
of all higher forms of life.

archamphiaster, archiamphiaster (ark-am-fe-as'-
ter, ar-ke-am-fe-as' -ter) [arch-; ap.cpi, around; hari\p,
star]. In biology; those amphiasters concerned in
the production of the polar globules.

Archangelica (ark-an-jel'-ik-ah) [apxayyeKos, arch-
angel]. A genus of umbelliferous plants. See
Angelica.

archebiosis (ark-e-bi-o'-sis) [arch-; /Sios, life].
Spontaneous generation.

archegenesis (ark-e-jen'-es-is). The same as
archebiosis.

archegonium (ark-e-go'-ne-um) [&pxv< beginning;
ybvos, race]. The female reproductive organ of the
higher cryptogams.

archegony (ar-keg'-o-ne) [apxeyovos, first of a race].
The doctrine of spontaneous generation.

archelogy (ar-kel-o'-je) [apxv, a beginning; \6yos,
science]. The study of the foundation principles of
anthropology.

archenteric (ark-en-ter'-ik). Relating to the
archenteron.

archenteron (ark-en' -ter-on) [arch-; ivrepov, in-
testine]. The embryonic alimentary cavity.

archeocyte (ar'-ke-o-sit). Same as archaeocyte.

archepyon (ar-ke-pi' -on) [dpxn. a beginning; tvvov,
pus]. Pus that has become caseated, or so thick that
it does not flow.

archespore, archesporium (ar'-ke-spor, -e-um)
[apxVy a beginning; o-iropa, a seed]. In biology, the
cells that give rise to the lining of the anther-cell and
to the mother-cells of the pollen.

archetype (ar'-ke-ttp) [arch-; tvttos, a type]. In
comparative anatomy, an ideal type or form with
which the individuals or classes may be compared.
A standard type; original type; prototype.

archi-. See arch-.

archiater (ar-ke-a'-ler) [6.px<-arp6s, a chief physi-
cian]. 1. The head physician in a court. 2. The
chief physician of an institution.

archiblast (ar'-ke-blast) [archi-; fiXaaros, germ].
In embryology, the granular areola surrounding the
germinal vesicle. In pathology, the important
tissues of the body as contrasted with the parablast,
or connective tissues.

archiblastic (ar-ke-blas'-tik) [see archiblast]. De-
rived from the archiblast. The parenchymatous
tissues are regarded as archiblastic.

archiblastoma (ar-ke-blas-to'-mah) [archiblast; 5pa,
a tumor]. A tumor composed of archiblastic tissue,

such as myoma, neuroma, papilloma, adenoma,
carcinoma, etc.

archiblastula (ar-ke-blas' -tu-lah) [see archiblast}.
In embryology, a ciliated, vesicular morula, resulting
from complete and regular yelk-division and by
invagination forming the archigastrula.

archicytula (ar-ke-sit'-u-lah) [archi-; kvtos, a cell].
A fertilized egg-cell in which the nucleus is discernible.

archigaster (ar-ke-gas'-ter) tarchi-; yaarrip, belly].
The primitive, perfectly simple intestine; archenteron.

archigastrula (ar-ke-gas'-tru-lah) [see archigaster].
The gastrula as it is observed in the most primitive
types of animal development; called also bell-
gastrula, from its shape.

archigenesis (ar-ke-jen'-es-is). See archebiosis.

archil (ar'-kil) [ME., orchell]. A violet coloring-
matter similar to litmus, chiefly obtained from the
lichen, Roccella tinctoria; used for staining animal
tissues.

archirnonerula (ar-ke-mon-er'-u-lah) [archi-; fiovfi-
pys, single; solitary]. In embryology, a special name
given by Haeckel to the monerula stage of an egg
undergoing primitive and total cleavage.

archimorula (ar-ke-mor'-u-lah) [archi-; nopov, a
mulberry]. In embryology, the solid mass of cleavage
cells, or mulberry mass, arising from the segmentation
of an archicytula, and preceding the archiblastula
and archigastrula.

archinephric (ar-ke-nef'-rik) [&pxv, first; ve<pp6s,
the kidney]. Pertaining to the archinephron.

archinephron (ar-ke-nef'-ron) [archi-; ve<f>p6s,
kidney]. The primitive or embryonic stage of the
kidney or renal apparatus. The Wolffian body.

archineuron (ar-ke-nii'-ron) [archi-; vevpov, a
nerve]. 1. A primitive neuron. 2. The neuron at
which the impulse starts in any physiological act
involving the nervous system.

archipallium (ar-ke-pal'-e-um) [archi-; pallium, a
cloak]. The olfactory pallium, the rhinencephalon.

archistome (ar'-kis-tom). See blastopore.

architis (ar-ki'-tis) [dpxos, anus; ltls, inflamma-
tion]. Proctitis; inflammation of the anus.

archocele (ar'-ko-sel) [dpxos, anus; Kr)\r], hernia].
Rectal hernia.

archocystocolposyrinx, or archocolpocystosyrinx
(ar-ko-sis-to-kol-po-sir'-ingks, or ar-ko-kol-po-sis-to- .
sir'-ingks) [Apxos, anus; kxxttis, bladder; koXitos,
vagina; o-vpiyi-, fistula]. Recto-vesico-vaginal fistula.

archocystosyrinx (ar-ko-sist-o-sir'-inks) [&pxos,
anus; kvvtis, bladder; o-vpiy%, fistula]. A recto-
vesical fistula.

archometrum (ar-ko-mel'-rum) [apxos, anus; p.krpov,
measure]. A device for ascertaining the cahber of
the anus, or for dilating its sphincters.

archoplasm, archoplasma (ar'-ko-plazm, ar-ko-
plaz'-mah) [apxcov, a ruler; 7rXd<rpa, a thing formed].
Boveri's term for the substance from which the
attraction-sphere, the astral rays, and the spindle-
fibers of mitosis are derived and of which they
consist. Syn., kinoplasm.

archoptoma (.ar-kop-to'-mah) [dpxos, anus; irTwpa,
a fall]. A prolapse of the rectum.

archoptosis (ar-kop-to'-sis) [dpxos, anus; ■ktuvis,
a falling]. Rectal prolapse.

archoptotic (ar-kop-tot'-ik) [dpxos, anus; tttwo-is,
a falling]. Relating to archoptoma or archoptosis.

archorrhagia (ar-ko-ra'-je-ah) [dpxos, anus; p-nyvv-
vaL, to break out]. Rectal hemorrhage.

archorrhea (ar-ko-re'-ah) [&pxoj, anus; pelv, to
flow]. A discharge of blood or of any pathological
fluid from the anus.

archos (ar'-kos) [dpxos, the anus]. The anus.

archostegnoma (ar-ko-steg-no'-mah) [dpxos. anus;
areyvoeiv, to consolidate]. Archostenosis; a rectal
stricture.

archostegnosis (ar-ko-steg-no'-sis) [&px6s, anus;
areyvwa-Ls, a stopping]. A rectal stricture.

archostegnotic (ar-ko-steg-not'-ik) [dpxos, anus;
o-reyvuio-is, a stopping]. Relating to a rectal stricture.

archostenosis (ar-ko-sten-o'-sis) [dpxos, anus;
arevos, narrow]. Stricture of the rectum.

archostenotic (ar-ko-slen-ol'-ik) [dpxos, anus;
o-revos, narrow]. Relating to rectal stricture.

archosyrinx (ar-ko-sir'-ingks) [dpxos, anus; <rvpiy£,
a pipe]. 1. A syringe for the rectum. 2. Fistula in
ano.

archyle (ar-ki'-le) [apxv, a beginning; 8Xij, matter].
See protyle.

arciform (ar'-se-form) [arcus, bow; arch; forma,
form]. Arcuate, bowshaped; especially used to

ARCTATION

83

AREFACTION

designate certain sets of fibers in the medulla ob-
longata.

arctation {ark-la' -shun) [arctatio, to draw close
together]. Contraction of an opening or canal.

Arctium (ark'-te-um) [L.]. Burdock. See Lappa.

arctostaphylos (ark-to-staf'-il-os). See Uva ursi
and Manzanita.

arcual (ar'-ku-al) [arcualis, arched]. Arched; bent
or curved.

arcuate (ar'-ku-at) [arcuatio, a bowing]. Arched;
curved; bow-shaped, a. fibers of the cerebellum,
associating fibers connecting one lamina with another.
a. fibers of the cerebrum, associating fibers con-
necting adjacent convolutions.

arcuation (ar-ku-a' -shun) [arcuatio, a bowing].
Curvature, especially of a bone.

arcula (ark'-u-lah) [arcula, a casket]. The orbit.
a. cordis, the pericardium.

ar cuius (ar'-ku-lus) [dim. of arcus, a bow]. An
arching support for bed-clothes.

arcus (ar'-kus) [L., "a bow"]. A bow or arch.
a. aortae, the arch of the aorta, or transverse aorta.
a. arteriarum, the arterial arciformes of the kidney.
a. arteriosus manus, the palmar arch. a. arteriosus
palpebral, an arterial arch along the edge of the
eye-lid. a. arteriosus pedis, the plantar arch.
a. atlantis, the arch of the atlas, a. axillaris, arch
formed by the axillary artery, a. carpidorsalis, the
posterior carpal arch. a. cartilaginis cricoideae, arch
of the cricoid cartilage, a. coli intestini, the trans-
verse colon, a. corneas, see a. senilis, a. costarum,
arch of the ribs, a., cruralis, Poupart's ligament, a.
cruralis profundus, the deep crural arch. a. dentalis,
the dental arch. a. faucium, the palatine arch. a.
glossopalatinus, the anterior pillar of the fauces.
a. jugalis, the zygomatic arch. a. juvenalis, a white
ring around the cornea occurring in young individuals
and resembling the arcus senilis, a. lumbocostalis
lateralis (Halleri), ligamentum arcuatum externum.
a. lumbocostalis medialis (Halleri), ligamentum
arcuatum internum, a. major ventriculi, the great
curvature of the stomach, a. medullaris, the fornix.
a. minor ventriculi, the lesser curvature of the
stomach, a. occipitoparietalis, an annectant gyrus
between the superior parietal lobule and the occipital
lobe. a. palatini, the pillars of the fauces, a.
palatoglossus. Same as a. glossopalatinus. a. pala-
topharyngeus, the posterior pillar of the fauces.
a. palmaris, the palmar arch. a. pharyngoepiglot-
ticus, folds of mucous membrane passing from the
pharynx to the epiglottis, a. pharyngopalatinus,
posterior pillar of fauces, a. plantaris, the plantar
arch. a. popliteus, the arcuate popliteal ligament.
a. senilis, a ring of opacity at the edge of the cornea
seen in the aged. a. senilis lentis, an opaque ring
in the equator of the crystalline lens; it sometimes
occurs in the aged. a. spiralis, the zona arcuata in
the organ of Corti. a. subpubicus, the pubic arch.
a. superficialis volae, the superficial palmar arch.
a. supraorbital, the supraorbital arch. a. tarseus,
the tarsal arch. a. tarsi oculi. Same as a. arteriosus
palpebrce. a. thyrocartilagineus, the arch formed by
the superior thyroid arteries and the thyroid cartilage.
a. trachealis anterior, the arch formed by the inferior
thyroid arteries in passing over the trachea, a.
unguium. See lunula, a. vasculosi, arches formed
by branches of the renal artery in the kidney, a.
vasculosi renales, arches at the bases of the Mal-
pighian pyramids, formed by anastomoses of tiny
ramifications of the renal artery. They give off
vessels supplying the cortex of the kidneys, the Mal-
pighian corpuscles, and the capillary plexuses about
the uriniferous tubules. Syn., fornices vasculosi
renum. a. venosus, (i) an arch joining the anterior
jugular veins; (2) the venous arch in the palm of the
hand; (3) a venous arch on the back of the fingers.
a. vertebralis, a vertebral arch. a. volaris, the
palmar arch. a. zygomaticus, the zygomatic arch.

ardent (ar'-dent) [ardere, ardens, to burn]. Burn-
ing; fiery; glowing; accompanied by a sensation of
burning, a. fever, heat fever or thermal fever.
a. spirits, alcoholic liquors.

ardor (ar'-dor) [L., "heat"]. Violent heat; burning.
a. urinas, burning pain in the inflamed urethra
during micturition, a. venereus, sexual desire.
a. ventricoli, pyrosis, heart-burn. .

are (ar). French metric unit of square measure;
it is a square whose side is 10 metres.

area (a'-re-ah) [L., ",an open space"]. A limited
extent of surface, a. acustica, or a., auditory,

(1) the receptive center for audition in the superior
temporal gyrus; (2) an area in the lateral angle of
the floor of the fourth ventricle, a., Broca's. Same
as c. parolfactoria. a. Celsi, alopecia areata, a.,
cord, that part of the cortex in which lesions would
produce degeneration of the spinal cord. a. cribrosa,
small perforated space in the internal auditory
meatus through which pass filaments of the auditory
nerve, a., crural, a space at the base of the brain
included between the pons and chiasm, a. diffiuens,
alopecia areata, a., diffraction, a clear area seen in
the microscopic image around all bodies of greater
or less refractive power, a. embryonalis. Same as
a. germinativa. a. germinativa, or embryonic spot,
the oval germinating spot of the embryo, a. hypo-
glossi. Same as Trigonum hypoglossi. a. inter-
cruralis, or interpeduncularis, an area at the base of
the brain between the crura cerebri, a.s, motor,
the convolutions in front of the Rolandic fissure,
containing the centers for voluntary motion, a.,
non-nucleated, one of the clear spaces found at times
between the endothelial cells of blood-vessels; they
have no nuclei, are smaller than endothelial cells,
and are considered to be due to the removal of parts
of the surrounding endothelium, a., occipital,
(1) that part of the occipital bone above the superior
curved line; (2) the portion of the brain beneath the
occipital bone. a. opaca, the opaque circle about the
a. pellucida. a. paraterminalis, a space on the mesial
aspect of the embryonic cerebral hemisphere, a.
parolfactoria (Brocae), a small vertical gyrus beneath
the corpus callosum and continuous with the gyrus
cinguli. a. pellucida, the light central portion of
the a. germinativa. a., postpontile, that of the
metencephalon comprising the olivary bodies and
the lower lateral portion of the cerebellum, a.
postrema, on the floor of the fourth ventricle between
the ala cinerea and the taenia ventriculi quarti.
a., Rolandic, the excitomotor area of the cerebral
hemispheres, comprising the ascending frontal and
ascending parietal convolutions, a., sensor, sensory,
or sensorial, the general area of the cerebral cortex
in which sensation is perceived, a., septal, the
inner surface of each of the laminae which make up
the septum lucidum. a., somesthetic, the area for
body feelings or tactile sensation in the postcentral
convolution; the entire receptive and psychic sensory
area. a. vagi, the trigonum vagi or ala cinerea.
a. vasculosa, the space in the area opaca where
blood-vessels first develop, a.s, viscerocutaneous,
areas of skin and viscera corresponding to different
spinal segments, a., visual, the area of the cortex
cerebri, viz., the cuneus and superior occipital gyrus,
where vision is perceived, a. vitellina, 3Tolk-area
outside the area vasculosa in mesoblastic eggs.
a., vocal, the portion of the glottis lying between the
vocal bands.

Areca (ar-e'-kah). A genus of East Indian palms.
A. catechu is extensively distributed throughout
the tropics of Asia, where it has been cultivated
from the earliest times. It furnishes the betel-nut
(q. v.) ; the powdered nut is used as a vermifuge.

arecaidin (ar-e-ka'-id-in), C7H11NO2. An acid
contained in areca-nut, of which arecoline is its
methyl ether.

arecaine (ar-e'-ka-en), C-H11NO2 +H2O. A poison-
ous teniacidal alkaloid obtained from areca-nut,
forming colorless crystals soluble in water, insoluble
in alcohol, in ether, and in benzol.

arecane, arekane (ar'-ek-an). An oily and volatile
basic substance obtainable from areca-nut; said to
be a purgative and sialagogue, and to slow the pulse.

areca-nut (a-re'-kah-nut). See betel.

arecin (ar'-es-in) [Sp., areca], C23H26N2O. 1. An
organic base isomeric with brucine, derived from
cinchona-bark. 2. A brown-red coloring-matter ob-
tained from areca-'nuts. Syn., areca red.

arecoline (ar-e'-ko-len) [areca], C8H13NO2. A
liquid alkaloid isolated from the seeds of areca
catechu. It is a powerful poison, affecting the heart
similarly to muscarine. It has anthelmintic proper-
ties. Dose i^— ^ gr. (0.004-0.006 Gm.). a. hydro-
bromide, is used as a miotic, applied in 1 % solution,
and in the treatment of glaucoma. In veterinary
practice it is used as a cathartic and anthelmintic.
Injection for horse, f-I gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.).

arefaction (ar-e-fak'-shun) [arefactio; arefacere, to
make dry]. 1. Exsiccation or desiccation. The
removal of the structural or constitutional water
from a substance. 2. The drying of drugs before

AREFLEXIA

84

ARISTOLOCHIA

powdering them. 3. Dryness, as of the skin.
4. Withering, as of a paralyzed limb.

areflexia (ar-e-fleks' -e-ah) [&, priv.; reflectere, to
bend back]. The failure of a reflex; areflexion.

arefiexion. See areflexia.

arena (ar-e'-nah) [arena, sand]. 1. Brick-dust
deposit from urine; gravel. 2. Sabulous matter;
brain-sand.

arenaceous (ar-e-na'-se-us) [arenaceus; arena,
sand]. Of the nature of sand or gravel; sabulous.

arenation {ar-e-na'-shun) [arena, sand]. A sand-
bath. The application of hot sand to a limb or part
of the body. See ammotherapy.

areocardia (ar-e-o-kar'-de-ah) [apalos, thin, rare;
Kap8la, heart]. Bradycardia.

areola (ar-e'-o-lah) [dim. of area, an open space].
1. The brownish space surrounding the nipple
of the breast. This is sometimes called areola
papillaris. A second areola, surrounding this, occurs
during pregnancy. The pigmentation about the
umbilicus is called the umbilical areola. 2. Any
interstice or minute space in a tissue, a., primary,
cell-spaces still containing cartilage-cells in the
matrix of ossifying cartilage-bone. Syn., primary
marrow cavities; medullary spaces.

areolar (ar-e'-o-lar) [see areola]. Relating to or
characterized by areolae, a. tissue, cellular tissue;
loose connective tissue.

areolate, or areolated (ar-e'-o-lat, or ar-e'-o-la-ted)
[areola, dim. of area, an open space]. Marked or
characterized by areola?.

areometer (ar-e-om'-et-er) [&paios, rare, thin;
pkrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
the specific gravity of liquids.

areosis, arseosis (ar-e-o'-sis). The process of
becoming less compact; dilution.

arevareva (ar-a-var-a'-vah) [Tahitian]. A scaly
skin-disease said to be caused by the habitual use
of the drug Kava, q. v. It is accompanied by eye-
disease, with dimness of vision.

argal (ar'-gal). See argol.

argamblyopia (ar-gam-ble-o'-pe-ah) [&py6s, idle,
disused; amblyopia]. Amblyopia due to disuse of
the eye.

Argand burner (ar'-gand) [Ami Argand]. A
burner that uses gas or oil, and contains an inner
tube for supplying the flame with air.

argas (ar'-gas). The dove-tick. Found in dove-
cots and pigeon roosts; it may give rise to edema or
urticaria in man.

Argasidas (ar-gas'-e-de). A family of ticks, prac-
tically all members of which are pathogenic to man.

argema (ar'-jem-ah) [apye/xa, an ulcer; pi., arge-
mata]. A white ulcer of the margin of the cornea,
following phlyctenula.

argentamid (ar-jen'-tam-id). An antiseptic liquid
preparation of silver.

argentamine (ar-jen'-tam-en). A colorless alkaline
liquid consisting of an 8 % solution of silver phos-
phate in a 15 % aqueous solution of ethylenediamide.
It is applied in gonorrhea and conjunctivitis in
1 : 4000 solution. Syn., ethylenediamide silver phos-
phate.

argentation (ar-jen-ta'-shun) [argentum]. 1. Stain-
ing with a preparation of silver. 2. The act of
silvering. 3. The process of injecting mercury into
the vessels of an anatomic specimen. 4. Argyria.

argentic (ar-jen'-tik). Containing silver.

argentine (ar'-j en-ten). Containing or resembling
silver.

argentol (ar'-jen-tol), C9H5N . OH . S04Ag. Silver
quinaseptol, a yellow powder, sparingly soluble in
water; used as a surgical antiseptic and astringent in
ointment 1 : 100 or 2 : 100, in solution 1 : 1000 to
3 : 1000.

argentous (ar jen'-tus). Containing silver; applied
to a compound containing a relatively larger amount
of silver than an ordinary silver compound (argentic
compound)

argentum (ar-jen'-tum) [L.]. Silver. Ag = 107.88;
quantivalence, 1; specific gravity, 10.4 to 10.5.
A malleable and ductile metal of brilliant white
luster. It tarnishes only in the presence of free
sulphur, sulphur gases, and phosphorus, argenti
cyanidum (U. S. P.), AgCN, silver cyanide, is used
in the preparation of diluted hydrocyanic acid.
argenti nitras (U. S. P.), AgN03, silver nitrate,
argentic nitrate, "lunar caustic," a powerful astrin-
gent and an escharotic of moderate strength. It
stains skin and other tissues black. If too long

administered, it leaves a slate-colored, insoluble
deposit of silver under the skin (argyria). It is used
in gastric catarrh, in gastric ulcer, in intestinal
ulceration, and as an alterative in scleroses of the
nervous system. Dose £-| gr. (0.01-0.032 Gm.).
argenti nitras ' fusus (U. S. P.), "stick caustic,"
contains 4 % of silver chloride. It is used locally.
argenti nitras mitigatus (U. S. P.), the mitigated
caustic, or diluted stick, is fused with an equal
amount of potassium nitrate, argenti oxidum (U. S.
P.), Ag20, explosive when treated with ammonia.
Used internally for the same conditions in which the
nitrate is used. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.).
argentum vivum, an old name for mercury or quick-
silver.

argiamblyopia (ar-je-am-ble-o'-pe-ah) [kpyia, dis-
use; amblyopia]. See argamblyopia.

argilla (ar-jil'-ah) [apyiWos, potter's clay]. White
or potter's clay; alumina.

argillaceous (ar-jil-a'-shus) [apyiWos, white clay].
Clay-like; composed of clay.

arginase (ar'-jin-as). A ferment which has the
power of splitting arginin into urea and ornithin.

arginin (ar'-j in- in), C6H14N4O2. Guanidin di-
amino-valeric acid, a substance formed in the cleavage
of the protein molecule. It is hydrolyzed to urea
and ornithin.

argol (ar'-gol) [apyos, white]. The impure tartar
derived from wine; crude potassium bitartrate. See
tartar.

argon (ar'-gon) [apyos, idle; inactive]. An inert
gaseous element present in the atmosphere. Its
symbol is A; atomic weight, 39-88. Argon may be
obtained by freeing air, which has been deprived of
its carbon dioxide and water, from oxygen by means
of red-hot copper, and then absorbing the nitrogen
by means of metallic magnesium. The residual gas,
the passage of the gases being repeated a number of
times, is argon. Chemically, it is the most inert
element known.

argonin (ar'-go-nin). Silver casein; a soluble, anti-
septic silver salt.

Argyll Robertson pupil (ar'-gil) [Douglas Argyll
Robertson, Scotch physician, 1837-1909]. A pupil
that acts to accommodation but not to light; it is seen
in tabes dorsalis, paretic dementia, in some cases of
•encephalomalacia, senile brain atrophy, syphilis,
hydrocephalus, etc.

argyria (ar-ji'-re-ah) [argentum]. A form of dis-
coloration of the skin and mucous membranes pro-
duced by the prolonged administration of silver, the
granules of silver being deposited in much the same
position as those of the natural pigment of the skin.

argyriasis (ar-jir-i'-as-is). See argyria.

argyrism (ar'-jir-izm). Argyria.

argyritis (ar-jir-i'-tis). Yellow or silver litharge;
lead monoxide of a yellow color.

argyrol (ar'-jir-ol). A soluble silver salt obtained
by combining a proteid of wheat with 30 % of silver.
It is used in gonorrhea. Syn., silver vitelline.

argyrosis (ar-ji-ro'-sis). Same as argyria (q. v.).

arhinencephalia. See arrhinencephalia.

arhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah) [a, priv.; pis, nose]. Con-
genital absence of the nose.

arhovin (ar'-o-vin). Addition-product of diphenyl-
amine and thymylbenzoic acid ester, used in the
treatment of gonorrhea.

arhythmia (ar-ith'-me-ah). See arrhythmia.

Arica bark. Calisaya bark exported from Arica,
Chili. It contains the alkaloid, aricine.

aricine (ar'-is-en) [Arica], C23H26N2O4. An alka-
loid obtained from several varieties of cinchona-
bark.

aridura (ar-id-u'-rah) [L.]. Dryness; a drying up,
withering, or wasting of a part, or of the organism
as a whole. _ 2. Hectic fever.

aristocardia (ar-is-to-kar'-de-ah) [i-piarepos, left;
KapSla, heart]. Deviation of the heart to the left side.

aristochin (ar-is' '-to-kin). The ester of diquinine
carbonic acid; it is a white, tasteless powder con-
taining 96 per cent, of quinine.

aristol (ar'-is-tol) [apiaros, best], (C6H2CH3OI .-
C3H7)2. Dithymoliodide. It is also called annidalin,
although this is dithymoltriiodide. An iodine com-
pound used as a substitute for iodoform as an anti-
septic dressing. It has the advantage of being odor-
less, and is used either in the powder form or as a
5 to 10 % ointment with vaselin or lanolin.

Aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo'-ke-ah) [apiaros, best;
Xox«'a, the lochia]. A genus of exogenous herbs,

ARISTOLOCHIC

85

AROMATIC

many species of which have active medicinal qualities.
A. clematitis, of Europe, has been used as a tonic,
stimulant, and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of South
America, furnishes a part of the drug called guaco,
and is a good tonic and stimulant, A. rotunda, a
species of southern Europe, with offensive odor and
bitter taste, is employed as an emmenagogue and in
gout. A. serpentaria, Virginia snakeroot, is at
present more used in medicine than any other species.
See serpentaria.

aristolochic {ar-is-to-lo'-kik) [apiaros, best; Xoxeia,
the lochia], i. Having the property of expelling the
placenta, or of exciting or promoting the lochial
discharge. 2. A medicine used for expelling the
secundines or for exciting the lochial flow.

aristolochin (ar-is-to-lo'-kin) [see Aristolochia].
A bitter principle found in Virginia snakeroot.
See serpentaria.

aristoquin (ar-is' -to-kwin) . Same as aristochin.

Aristotle's experiment [Aristotle, Greek philoso-
pher, 384-322 B. C.]. The eyes being closed, when
a small spherical object is placed between two crossed
fingers of one hand so that it touches the radial side
of one and the ulnar side of the other, the sensation
produced is that of two objects.

arithmomania (ar-ith-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [api6p.6s, a
number; iiavla, madness]. An insane anxiety with
regard to the number of things that fall under the
observation. Sometimes it consists in constant or
uncalled-for counting of objects, sometimes in the
mere repeating of consecutive numbers.

arkyochrome (ar'-ke-o-krom) [apKvs, a net; xpwm«.
a color]. A somatochrome nerve-cell in which the
stainable portion of the cell-body appears in the
form of network.

arkyostichochrome (ar-ke-o-stik'-o-krom) [apKvs, a
net; arlxos, a row or rank; xp^M0-. a color]. Applied
by Nissl to a nerve-cell in which the chromophilic
particles of its cell-body present a combination of
both the striated (stichochrome) and network
(arkyochrome) arrangements, so that it is difficult
to decide which dominates; e. g., the Purkinje cells
of the cerebral cortex.

arlco-urease (arl'-ko-u'-re-as). A preparation of
the urealytic enzyme obtained from the soy bean,
Soja hispida. It decomposes urea into ammonia and
carbon dioxide; and is used to determine the amount
of urea in the urine, blood and other body fluids.

Arlt's ointment [Carl Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt,
Austrian physician, 1812-1887]. An ointment con-
taining 7| gr. (0.5 Gm.) of belladonna to i{ dr. (5
Gm.) of blue ointment. A.'s recess, A.'s sinus, a
small depression, directed forward and outward, in
the lower portion of the lacrimal sac; it is not con-
stant. A.'s trachoma, granular conjunctivitis; tra-
choma.

Arlt- Jaesche's operation [see Arlt's ointment.] For
distichiasis; the edge of the lid and the contained
ciliary bulbs are dissected from the tarsus, a crescent-
shaped piece of skin is removed from the lid above the
flap, and the edges of the wound are united, thus
transplanting the ciliary bulbs farther away from
the edge of the lids.

arm. 1. The upper extremity from the shoulder
to the elbow. 2. The upper extremity from the
shoulder to the wrist. 3. That portion of the stand
connecting the body or tube of a microscope with the
pillar, a. center, the cortical center for the move-
ment of the arm; it is situated in the middle third of
the ascending frontal and ascending parietal con-
volutions, a., milk, phlegmasia alba dohns in the
arm.

armamentarium (ar-ma-men-ta'-re-um) [L., an
arsenal]. The outfit of medicines or instruments of
the physician or surgeon, a. chirurgicum, surgical
instruments and appliances, a. lucinae, an outfit of
obstetrical instruments.

Armanni-Ehrlich's degeneration. Hyaline degen-
eration of the epithelial cells of Henle's looped tubes
in diabetes.

armarium (ar-ma'-re-um) [L.]. 1. Same as arma-
mentarium. 2. The literary* outfit of a physician or
surgeon, his library.

armature (ar'-mat-chur) [armatura, equipment].
1. A mass of soft iron at the extremity of a magnet.
Also, the core of iron around which coils of insulated
wire are wound. 2. Any protective investment of
an organism. 3. A condenser.

Armenian (ar-me' -ne-an) [Armenia]. Of or be-
longing to Armenia. A. blue. Same as ultramarine.

A. bole, a reddish, unctuous earth or clay formerly
much used in medicine, now used in tooth-powders
and in veterinary practice. It is absorbent and
astringent.

armilla (ar-mil'-dh) [armilla, a bracelet, ring].
1. The annular ligament of the wrist. 2. The Gas-
serian ganglion.

armpit (arm' -pit) [armus, shoulder; puteus, a well].
The axilla.

army itch. A distressing, chronic form of itch
prevalent in the United States at the close of the
civil war. The itching was intense. The eruption
was seen especially on the arms, forearms, chest,
abdomen, and lower extremities, particularly on the
ulnar side of the forearm and inner aspect of the thigh.
It resembled prurigo associated with vesicles, pus-
tules, and eczema.

Arneth's classification of neutrophiles (ar'-ndt)
[Joseph Arneth, German physician, 1873- ]. The
polynuclear neutrophiles are classified according to
the number of nuclear lobes which they contain.
The normal is said to be: 1 lobe, 5 per cent.; 2 lobes,
35 per cent.; 3 lobes, 41 per cent.; 4 lobes, 17 per
cent. ; and 5 lobes, 2 per cent.

Arnica (ar'-nik-ah) [L.]. A genus of composite-
flowered plants. The arnica of the U- S. P. is the
dried flower-heads of the plant commonly known as
"leopardsbane," A. montana. The root (arnica,
radix) is official in the B. P. Its properties are
probably due to an alkaloid, trimethylamine, C3H9X.
In small doses it is a cardiac stimulant; in larger
doses, a depressant. It is a popular remedy, when
locally applied, for sprains, bruises, and surface
wounds. Dose 15 gr- (1 Gm.). a., infusion of (20
parts flowers, 100 parts water), superior to the
tincture for local use. a. plaster, contains extract of
root, 33; lead-plaster, 67 parts, a. root, extract of.
Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). a. root, fluidextract of.
Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.065 Cc). a. root, tincture of,
10 %. Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc). a., tincture of
(tinctura arnica, U. S. P.), 20 %. Dose 15-30 min.
(1-2 Cc).

arnicin (ar'-nis-in) [arnica], C20H30O4. A brownish,
bitter neutral principle extracted from the root of
Arnica montana.

Arnold's bundle [Friedrich Arnold, German anato-
mist, 1803-1890]. The fibers which form the inner
third of the crusta of the cerebral peduncles. A.'s
canal, a small canal in the petrous portion of the
temporal bone, transmitting Arnold's nerve. A.'s
fold. See Beraud's valve. A.'s ganglion, the otic
ganglion. A.'s ground plexus, a plexus formed by
the axis-cylinders of nonmedullated nerve-fibers in
smooth muscular tissue. A.'s innominate canal, a
nonconstant canal in the base of the skull, internally
to the foramen rotundum; it transmits the super-
ficial and deep petrosal branches that have become
fused into one nerve. A.'s ligament, the ligament
connecting the body of the incus with the roof of
the tympanic cavity. A.'s membrane, the pig-
mentary layer of the iris. A.'s nerve, the auricular
branch of the pneumogastric nerve. A.'s oper-
culum, the operculum of the island of Reil. A.'s
recurrent nerve, a sensory branch of the ophthalmic
division of the trigeminus that anastomoses with the
trochlear nerve and is distributed to the tentorium
cerebelli and the posterior part of the falx cerebri.
A.'s stratum reticulatum, the network formed by
the fibers connecting the occipital lobe with the
optic thalamus before they enter the latter.

Arnott's bed (ar'-not) [Neil Arnott, Scotch physi-
cian, 1788-1874]. A rubber mattress filled with
water, designed to prevent bedsores.

Arnoux's sign (ar-noo'). In case of twins, a stethe-
scope applied over the mother's abdomen at a point
about midway between the two fetal hearts will
sometimes enable the physician to hear an apparent
unison, and at other times a distinct rhythm of four
beats; the double and quadruple rhythm alternate
with great regularity.

aroma (ar-o'-mah) [apufia, spice]. The fragrance
or odor emanating from certain vegetable substances,
especially those used for food and drink.

aromatic (ar-o-mat'-ik) [see aroma], 1. Having a
spicy odor. 2. A substance characterized by a fra-
grant, spicy taste and odor, as cinnamon, ginger, the
essential oils, etc. 3. A qualification applied to any
carbon compound originating from benzene, CeHe.
Their stability is relatively great as compared with
that of the fatty bodies, a. acids, those derived

AROMATIN

86

ARSENO-

from the benzene group of hydrocarbons, a. com-
pound, any benzyl derivative, a. fluidextract, aro-
matic powder, ioo; alcohol, sufficient to make ioo Cc.
a. powder. See cinnamomum. a. sulphuric acid.
See acid, sulphuric, a. tincture, an alcoholic solu-
tion of aromatic powder, a. vinegar, any mixture of
aromatic oils in vinegar, a. wine, a wine containing
in each ioo parts i part each of lavender, origanum,
peppermint, rosemary, sage, and wormwood.

aromatin (ar-o'-mal-in). A succedaneum for hops.

aromatize (ar-o'-mat-tz) [apu>p.a, spice]. To make
aromatic; to spice.

aromin (ar-o'-min) [see aroma]. A substance
derived from urine. When heated, it emits a fragrant
odor.

Aronson's serum (ar'-on-suri) [Hans Aronson,
German bacteriologist, 1865- ]. An antistrep-
tococcus serum obtained from horses that have been
treated with highly virulent cultures.

arophene (ar'-o-fen). A proprietary dental anes-
thetic.

arphoaline (ar-fo'-al-en). A preparation con-
taining arsenic, phosphorus and albumin; it is used
as a local application for cancers and ulcers.

arrachement (ar-ash-mon(g)') [Ft., a tearing out].
Tearing out; extraction.

arrack (ar'-ak) [Ind.]. A liquor distilled from
malted rice. Any alcoholic liquor is called arrack
in the East.

arrector (ar-ek'-lor) [L., "an erector"]. An erector.
a. pili, a fan-like arrangement of a layer of smooth
muscular fibers surrounding the hair-follicle, the
contraction of which erects the follicle and produces
cutis anserina, or "goose-skin."

arrectores pilorum (ar-ek-to'-rez pi-lo'-rum) [L.].
Plural of arrector pili, q. v.

arrest (ar-esf) [ad, to; restore, to withstand].
1. Stoppage, detention. 2. A disease of a mangy
character affecting the hind leg of horses between the
ham and postern, a., action of, inhibition (q. v.).
arrested development, is when an organ or organism
fails in its normal evolution, stopping at the initial
or intermediate stages of the process, arrested head,
when in parturition the child's head is hindered but
not impacted in the pelvic cavity.

arrhea (ah-re'-ah) [a, priv.; pola, a flow]. The
cessation or suppression of any discharge.

arrhenal (ar'-en-al). A monomethyl sodium
arsenate, recommended in treatment of tuberculosis.
Dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.) daily.

Arrhenius' law (ah-ra'-ne-oos) [Svante August
Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, 1859- ]. A solu-
tion must have a high osmotic pressure in order to
be electrically conductive. ..

arrhinencephalia (ar-in-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [&, priv.;
pis, nose; lyKktj>a\ov, the brain]. A form of partial
anencephalia in which there is malformation of the
nose.

arrhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah). Congenital absence of the
nose.

arrhythmia (ah-rith'-me-ah) [&, priv.; pvdp.6s,
rhythm]. Absence of rhythm.

arrhythmic (ah-rith'-mik) [see arrhythmia]. With-
out rhythm; irregular.

arrosion (ar-o'-zhun) [arrodere, to gnaw]. The
gnawing or destruction of vessel-walls by ulcerous
processes.

arrow-poison (ar-o-poi'-zun). See curara.

arrowroot (ar'-o-root) [ME., arow; roote). A
variety of starch derived from Maranta arundinacea
of the West Indies, southern United States, etc.
It is a popular remedy for diarrhea, and is widely
used as a food. Many other starchy preparations
are sold as arrow-root.

arsacetin (ars-as'-et-in). Sodium acetyl arsanilate;
acetyl atoxyl. It is an organic arsenic compound
used in sleeping-sickness, syphilis, and skin diseases.

arsamine (ars'-am-en). Same as atoxyl.

arsan (ar'-san). An organic arsenic preparation
consisting of vegetable protein with about 4 per cent,
of arsenic.

arsanilate (ar-san'-il-at). A salt of arsanilic acid.

arsenate, arseniate (ar'-sen-at, ar-se'-ne-at) [ar-
senic]. Any salt of arsenic acid, a., acid, a mono-
hydric or dihydric arsenate, a., basic, an arsenate
combined with the oxide or hydrate of a base, a.,
dihydric. 1. An acid arsenate containing two atoms
of hydrogen. 2. See pyroarsenic acid, a., mono-
hydric. 1. An acid arsenate containing one atom of
hydrogen. 2. Metarsenic acid, HAs03, a crystalline

substance obtained from arsenic trioxide by heating
above 2000 C. a., neutral. 1. A normal arsenate.
2. A pyroarsenate.

arsenauro (ar-sen-aw'-ro). A double bromide of
gold and arsenic; 10 min. contain 3V gr. each of gold
and arsenic bromides. It is an alterative and a tonic.
Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc.) in water three times
daily.

arsenglidin (ar-sen-gli'-din). Same as arsan.

arsenhemol (ar -sen-hem' -ol). A compound of
hemol and 1 % of arsenic trioxide, forming a brown
powder. It is used as a substitute for arsenic as an
alterative and hematinic. Dose 2 gr. (0.1 Gm.) 3.
times daily.

arseniasis (ar-sen-i'-as-is). Same as arsenism.

arsenic, arsenicum, arsenum (ar'-sen-ik, ar-sen'-i-
kum, ar-se'-num). 1. As = 74.96 ; quanti valence III, V.
A brittle, crystalline metal, of a steel-gray color,
tarnishing on exposure to the air. Sp. gr. 5.73. It
sublimes at 1800 C, and gives off a garlicky odor.
In medicine arsenic is used as an alterative in anemia,,
chronic malaria, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis,
as a gastric sedative, and in chorea. 2. Arsenic
trioxide. 3. Pertaining to arsenic, a. bromide,
AsBn, is used in diabetes. Dose 6V gr. (0.001 Gm.).
a. bromide, solution of {liquor arseni bromidi),
Clemens' solution, a 1 % solution of arsenic bromide.
Dose 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 Cc). a., butter of. See
a. chloride, a. caseinate, a soluble arsenic com-
pound for internal administration, a. chloride,
AsCl3, a colorless, oily liquid decomposed by water.
Dose ws—Tsgr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.). Syn., butter of
arsenic; chloride of caustic arsenic, a. disulphide,
AS2S2, occurs native as realgar. Syn., sandaraca;
red sulphide of arsenic; red arsenic. An artificial
disulphide of arsenic is prepared in the arsenic works
and contains about 15 % of arsenic and 27 % of
sulphur. Syn., red arsenic glass; ruby sulphur; red
orpiment. a., flowers of, a fine white powder, formed
by the sublimation of arsenic trioxide. a. glass, a
term applied to the vitreous mass obtained either by
heating arsenic pyrites with sulphurous ores, or by
the resublimation of the "flowers of arsenic" ob-
tained by subliming arsenic pyrites. Syn., white
arsenic glass, a. iodide (arseni iodidum, U. S. P.),
arsenous iodide, Asl3. Dose ■£$ — | gr. (0.003-0.008
Gm.). a. iodide, solution of mercuric and of (liquor
arseni et hydrargyri iodidi, U. S. P.) , Donovan's solu-
tion; contains arsenous iodide, 10 Gm.; red mercuric
iodide, 10 Gm.; distilled water, q. s. to make 1000
Gm. a., test for. See Bettendorf, Marsh, Reinsch.
a. trioxide (arseni trioxidum, U. S. P.), AS2O3, arsenous
acid; "ratsbane." Dose 5V — $ gr. (0.002-0.006 Gm.).
Syn., white arsenic, a. trioxide, solution of (liquor
acidi arsenosi, U. S. P.; liquor arsenici hydrochloricus,
B. P.), a 1 % solution of the trioxide in hydrochloric
acid and distilled water. Dose 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3
Cc). a. trisulphide, AS2S3, translucent, lemon-
colored, rhombic prisms, occurring in nature; sp. gr.
3.46; a corrosive and depilating agent recommended
for removal of warts. Syn., orpiment; yellow sulphide
of arsenic; arsenicum (Pliny) ;_ arsenii sulphidum
citrinum; King's yellow, a., white. See a. trioxide.

arsenical (ar-sen'-ik-al) [arsenum, arsenic]. Per-
taining to arsenic.

arsenicalism, (ar-sen'-ik-al-izm,) [arsenic]. Chronic
arsenic poisoning.

arsenicate (ar-sen'-ik-at). To impregnate with
arsenic. _

arsenicophagy (ar-sen-ik-off'-a-je) [arsenum, ar-
senic; <f>aytiv, to eat]. The habitual eating of arsenic.

arsenide (ar' -sen-id). A compound of arsenic with
another element.

arsenionization (ar-sen-i-on-i-za'-shun). The elec-
trical administration of arsenic ions into the tissues.

arseniophosphate (ar-sen-e-o-fos'-fat). A com-
pound of a base with both arsenic and phosphoric
acids.

arsenism (ar'-sen-izm) [arsenum, arsenic]. Chronic
arsenical poisoning; arsenicalism.

arsenite (ar' -sen-it) [arsenic]. Any salt of arsenous
acid.

arseniureted (ar-sen'-yu-ret-ed). Combined with
arsenic so as to form an arsenide, a. hydrogen,
arsine, AsH3-

arsenization (ar-sen-iz-a'-shun) [arsenum, arsenic].
Treatment with arsenical remedies.

arseno-. (ar'-se-no). Arsenic combined in the form
— As=As— . Thus arsenobenzol is C6H5— As=As
-CeH5.

ARSENOBENZOL

87

ARTERIA

arsenobenzol (ar-sen-o-ben'-zol). i. See arseno-.
2. See salvarsan.

arsenoblast {ar-sen'-o-blast) [ap<jr)v, male; /SXao-ros,
germ]. In biology, the male element of the sexual
cell, capable of multiplication by division; the
opposite of the thelyblast or female element.

arsenocerebrin (ar-sen-o-ser'-e-brin). A propri-
etary preparation said to contain cerebrin and
sodium cacodylate; it is suggested for use in epilepsy.

arsenophenylglycin {ar-sen-o-fen-il-gli'-sin). A
synthetic arsenic compound, a substitution-product
of atoxyl, used in syphilis, trypanosomiasis and
protozoan diseases in general.

arsenous (ar-se'-nus) [arsenic]. Containing arsenic.
a. acid. See arsenic trioxide.

arsine (ar'-sin). Arseniureted hydrogen, AsH3.

arsins (ar'-sinz) [arsenic]. Peculiar volatile
arsenic bases found by Selmi to be produced by the
contact of arsenic trioxide and albuminous sub-
stances.

arsinyl (ar'-sin-il). The proprietary name for
disodium-methylarsenate, a nontoxic substance allied
to cacodyl and free from its garlicky odor. It is
said to be a powerful tonic. Dose § gr. (0.03 Gm.)
twice daily.

arsonate (ar'-so-nat). A salt of arsonic acid.

arsonic acid {arson' -ik). An acid derived from
arsenic acid by the substitution of an organic radical
for one of the hydroxyl groups.

arsonium (ar-so'-ne-um) [arsenic; ammonium],
AsH4. A univalent radical in which arsenic replaces
the nitrogen of ammonium.

Arsonvalization {ar-son-val-iz-a' -shun) [d'Arsonval,
French physiologist and physicist, 1851- ]. The
therapeutic application of Tesla currents.

arsycodile (ar-sik'-od-il). 1. A chemically pure
cacodylate of sodium, a nontoxic salt used in emaci-
ation. Doae I gr. (0.03 Gm.) 4 times daily. 2. The
trade name of a number of preparations containing
sodium cacodylate.

artarine (ar' '-tar-en). An alkaloid, C20H17NO4,
from artar root; it is a cardiac stimulant, with action
similar to veratrine.

artar root (ar'-tar root) . A drug from West Africa,
probably the root of Xanthoxylum senegalense.

artefact (ar'-te-fakt) [arte, by art: factum, made].
In microscopy and histology, a structure that has
been produced by mechanical, chemical, or other arti-
ficial means; a structure or tissue that has been
changed from its natural state.

Artemisia (ar-tem-iz'-e-ah) ["Apre/xis, the goddess
Diana]. A genus of plants of the order Composites.
A. abrotanum, southern- wood, is stimulant, tonic,
and vermifuge, and is popularly used as a vulnerary.
It is similar in properties to wormwood. Dose of
fluidexlract 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). A. absinth-
ium. See absinthium. A. abyssinica, an African
species yielding the drug zerechtit, applied to relieve
cramps in the final stages of malaria. A. arbores-
cens, of southern Europe, is stomachic and tonic,
and is used as is A. absinthium. A. chinensis,
of Asia, is employed by the Chinese as a tonic
and emmenagogue, and the down covering the
leaf-surface in the preparation of moxa. A. frigida,
wild sage, mountain sage, sierra salvia. An herb of
western United States, introduced as a substitute for
quinine in the treatment of periodic fevers. Also of
service in diphtheria, rheumatism, and scarlatina.
Dose of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). A. mari-
tima, affords pure wormseed. A. mexicana, an
American species, is said to be a stimulant, emmena-
gogue, and anthelmintic. A. pontica, Roman worm-
wood; it grows in Europe and Asia, has a pleasant
odor and taste, and is used as a tonic and stimulant;
it is burned in Egypt during the plague to ward off
contagion. A. santonica, a species of Persia and
Tartary, a variety of wormseed sometimes imported
from Russia. A. spicata, an Alpine species with
strong aromatic properties. A. tridentata, sage-
brush, a shrub of the elevated portion of western
North America, containing a pungent volatile oil.
It is diaphoretic and stimulant. The Indians use
an infusion of the plant as remedial for colds and
headache and as a vermifuge. A. trifida, is found
in the valleys of Utah and Wyoming, and has proper-
ties similar to .4. tridentata. A. vulgaris, mugwort,
a popular remedy in various diseases.

arterenol (ar-te-re'-nol). A proprietary drug, said
to have an action similar to suprarenal preparations.

arteria (ar-te'-re-ah) [aprepia' trachea; artery.]

A hollow tube. See artery, a. acetabuli, artery of
the acetabulum, a. alveolaris inferior, inferior
dental artery, a. alveolaris superior anterior,
anterior superior dental artery, a. alveolaris
superior posterior, posterior dental artery, a. angu-
laris, angular artery, a. anonyma, innominate
artery, a. appendicularis, appendicular artery.
a. arcuata, arcuate or metatarsal artery, a. auditiva
interna, auditory artery, a. auricularis posterior,
posterior auricular artery, a. auricularis profunda,
deep auricular artery, a. axillaris, axillary artery.
a. basilaris, basilar artery, a. brachialis, brachial
artery, a. bronchialis, bronchial artery, a. bucci-
natoria, buccal artery, a. bulbi urethras, artery of
the bulb of the urethra, a. bulbi vestibuli (vagina;),
artery of the vestibular bulb of the vagina, a. canalis
pterygoidei (Vidii), Vidian artery, a. carotis com-
munis, common carotid artery, a. carotis externa,
external carotid artery, a. carotis interna, internal
carotid artery, a. centralis retinae, central artery of
the retina, a. cerebelli inferior anterior, anterior
inferior cerebellar artery, a. cerebelli inferior pos-
terior, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, a. cere-
belli superior, superior cerebellar artery, a. cerebri
anterior, anterior cerebral artery, a. cerebri media,
middle cerebral artery, a. cerebri posterior, pos-
terior cerebral artery. a. cervicalis ascendens,
ascending cervical artery, a. cervicalis profunda,
deep cervical artery, a. cervicalis superficialis,
superficial cervical artery, a. chorioidea, anterior
choroidal artery, a. ciliaris anterior, anterior ciliary
artery, a. ciliaris posterior brevis, short posterior
ciliary artery, a. ciliaris posterior longa, long pos-
terior ciliary artery, a. circumfiexa femoris lateralis,
external circumflex artery, a. circumfiexa femoris
medialis, internal circumflex artery, a. circumfiexa
humeri anterior, anterior circumflex artery, a. cir-
cumfiexa humeri posterior, posterior circumflex
artery, a. circumfiexa ilium profunda, deep circum-
flex iliac artery, a. circumfiexa ilium superficialis,
superficial circumflex iliac artery, a. circumfiexa
scapulae, dorsalis scapulae artery. a. clitoridis,
artery of the clitoris, a. cceliaca, celiac artery or axis.
a. colica dextra, right colic artery- a- colica media,
middle colic artery, a. colica sinistra, left colic
artery. a. collateralis media, middle collateral
artery, a. collateralis radialis, articular branch of
superior profunda artery, a. collateralis ulnaris
inferior, anastomotica magna artery, a. collateralis
ulnaris superior, inferior profunda artery, a. comi-
tans nervi ischiadici, comes nervi ischiadici, or com-
panion artery of the sciatic artery, a. communicans
anterior, anterior communicating artery, a. com-
municans posterior, posterior communicating artery.
a. conjunctivalis anterior, anterior conjunctival
artery, a. conjunctivalis posterior, posterior con-
junctival artery, a. coronaria (cordis) dextra, right
coronary artery, a. coronaria (cordis) sinistra, left
coronary artery, a. cystica, cystic artery, a. defer-
entialis, deferential artery, a. digitalis dorsalis,
dorsal digital artery, a. digitalis plantaris, collateral
digital branch artery, a. digitalis volaris communis,
palmar digital artery, or collateral digital artery.
a. dorsalis clitoridis, dorsal artery of the clitoris.
a. dorsalis nasi, dorsal artery of the nose. a. dorsalis
pedis, dorsal artery of the foot. a. dorsalis penis,
dorsal artery of the penis, a. epigastrica inferior,
deep epigastric artery, a. epigastrica superficialis,
superficial epigastric artery, a. epigastrica superior,
superior epigastric artery, a. episcleralis, episcleral
artery, a. ethmoidalis anterior, anterior ethmoidal
artery, a. ethmoidalis posterior, posterior ethmoidal
artery, a. femoralis, femoral artery, a. frontalis,
frontal artery, a. gastrica dextra, pyloric artery.
a. gastrica sinistra, gastric or coronary artery.
a. gastroduodenalis, gastroduodenal artery- a.
gastroepiploica dextra, right gastro-epiploic artery.
a. gastroepiploica sinistra, left gastro-epiploic artery.
a. genu inferior lateralis, inferior external articular
artery, a. genu inferior medialis, inferior internal
articular artery, a. genu media, azygos articular
artery, a. genu superior lateralis, superior external
articular artery, a. genu superior medialis, superior
internal articular artery, a. genu suprema, anasto-
motica magna (of knee), a. glutaea inferior, sciatic
artery, a. glutaea superior, (superior) gluteal artery.
a. haemorrhoidalis inferior, inferior hemorrhoidal
artery, a. haemorrhoidalis media, middle hemor-
rhoidal artery, a. haemorrhoidalis superior, superior
hemorrhoidal artery, a. helicina, a spiral artery, a.

ARTERIA

ARTERIODIASTASIS

hepatica, hepatic artery, a. hyaloidea, hyaloid artery.
a. hypogastrica, internal iliac artery, a. ilea, ileal
artery, one of the rami intestini tenuis arteries, a. ileo-
colica, ileocolic artery, a. iliaca communis, common
iliac artery, a. iliaca externa, external iliac artery, a.
iliolumbalis, iliolumbar artery, a. infraorbitalis,
infraorbital artery. _ a. intercostalis, intercostal
artery, a. intercostalis suprema, superior intercostal
artery, a. interlobaris renis, interlobar artery of
kidney, a. interossea communis, common interos-
seous artery. a. interossea dorsalis, posterior
interosseous artery, a. interossea recurrens, pos-
terior interosseous recurrent artery, a. interossea
volaris, anterior interosseous artery, a. jejunalis,
jejunal artery, a. labialis anterior, anterior scrotal
or labial artery, a. labialis inferior, inferior labial or
coronary artery. a. labialis posterior, posterior
labial artery, a. labialis superior, superior labial or
coronary artery. a. lacrimalis, lacrimal artery.
a. laryngea inferior, inferior laryngeal artery, a.
laryngea superior, superior laryngeal artery. a.
lienalis, splenic artery, a. ligamenti teretis uteri,
artery of the round ligament of the uterus, a. lingu-
alis, lingual artery, a. lumbalis, lumbar artery.
a. lumbalia ima, lowest lumbar artery, a. malleo-
laris anterior lateralis, external malleolar artery.
a. malleolaris anterior medialis, internal malleolar
artery, a. malleolaris posterior lateralis, posterior
peroneal artery, a. malleolaris posterior medialis,
internal malleolar artery, a. mammaria interna,
internal mammary artery, a. masseterica, masseteric
artery, a. maxillaris externa, facial artery, a. maxil-
laris interna, internal maxillary artery, a. mediana,
median artery, a. mediastinalis anterior, anterior
mediastinal artery, a. meningea anterior, anterior
meningeal artery. a. meningea media, middle
meningeal artery, a. meningea posterior, posterior
meningeal artery. a. mentalis, mental artery.
a. mesenterica inferior, inferior mesenteric artery.
a. mesenterica superior, superior mesenteric artery.
a. musculophrenica, musculophrenic artery. a.
nutritia femoris inferior, inferior nutrient artery of
femur, a. nutritia femoris superior, superior nutrient
artery of femur, a. nutritia fibulae, nutrient artery
of fibula, a. nutritia humeri, nutrient artery of the
humerus, a. nutritia pelvis renalis, nutrient artery
of renal pelvis, a. nutritia tibia?, nutrient artery of
tibia, a. obturatoria, obturator artery, a. occipi-
talis, occipital artery, a. cesophagea, esophageal
arlery. a. ophthalmica, ophthalmic artery, a. ovarica,
ovarian artery, a. palatina ascendens, ascending
palatine artery, a. palatina descendens, descending
palatine artery, a. palatina major, greater palatine
arcery. a. palatina minor, lesser palatine artery.
a. palpebralis lateralis, lateral palpebral artery, a.
palpebralis medialis, middle or internal palpebral
artery, a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior, inferior
pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreaticoduoden-
alis superior, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
a. penis, artery of penis, a. perforans prima, first
perforating artery, a. perforans secunda, second
perforating artery, a. perforans tertia, third per-
forating artery, a. pericardiacophrenica, the comes
nervi phrenici. a. perinei, superficial perineal artery.
a. peronaea, peroneal artery, a. phrenica inferior,
inferior phrenic artery, a. phrenica superior, superior
phrenic artery, a. plantaris lateralis, external plantar
artery, a. plantaris medialis, internal plantar artery.
a. poplitea, popliteal artery, a. princeps pollicis,
principal artery of thumb, a. profunda brachii,
superior profunda artery, a. profunda clitoridis,
deep artery of clitoris, a. profunda femoris, deep
femoral artery, a. profunda linguae, ranine artery.
a. profunda penis, artery to the corpus cavernosum.
a. pudenda externa, external pudic artery- a.
pudenda interna, internal pudic artery, a. pulmo-
nalis, pulmonary artery, a. radialis, radial artery.
a. recurrens radialis, radial recurrent artery, a.
recurrens tibialis posterior, posterior recurrent tibial
artery, a. renalis, renal artery, a. recurrens ulnaris,
recurrent ulnar artery, a. sacralis lateralis, lateral
sacral artery, a. sacralis media, middle sacral
artery- a. scrotalis anterior, anterior scrotal artery.
a. sigmoidea, sigmoid artery, a. spermatica externa,
cremasteric artery, a. spermatica interna, (internal)
spermatic artery, a. sphenopalatina, sphenopalatine
or nasopalatine artery, a. spinalis anterior, anterior
or ventral spinal artery, a. spinalis posterior, pos-
terior or dorsal spinal artery, a. sternocleidomas-
toidea, sternomastoid artery, a. stylomastoidea,

stylomastoid artery. a. subclavia, subclavian
artery, a. sublingualis, sublingual artery, a. sub-
mentalis, submental artery, a. subscapularis, sub-
scapular artery. a. supraorbitals, supraorbital
artery, a. suprarenalis inferior, inferior suprarenal
artery, a. suprarenalis media, middle capsular
artery, a. tarsea lateralis, lateral tarsal artery.
a. tarsea medialis, medial tarsal artery, a. tem-
poralis media, middle temporal artery, a. temporalis
profunda anterior, anterior deep temporal artery.
a. temporalis profunda posterior, posterior deep
temporal artery, a. temporalis superficialis, super-
ficial temporal artery, a. testicularis, testicular
artery, a. thoracalis lateralis, long thoracic artery.
a. thoracalis suprema, superior thoracic artery.
a. thoracoacromialis, acromiothoracic artery or
thoracic axis. a. thoracodorsalis, thoracodorsal
artery, a. thymica, thymic artery, a. thyreoidea
ima, lowest thyroid artery, a. thyreoidea inferior,
inferior thyroid artery, a. thyreoidea superior,
superior thyroid artery, a. tibialis anterior, anterior
tibial artery, a. tibialis posterior, posterior tibial
artery, a. transversa colli, transversalis colli, a.
transversa faciei, transverse artery of face. a. trans-
versa scapulas, suprascapular artery, a. tympanica
anterior, anterior tympanic artery, a. tympanica
inferior, inferior tympanic artery, a. tympanica
posterior, posterior tympanic artery, a. tympanica
superior, superior tympanic artery, a. ulnaris, ulnar
artery, a. umbilicalis, umbilical artery, a. ureth-
ralis, urethral artery, a. uterina, uterine artery.
a. vaginalis, vaginal artery, a. vertebralis, vertebral
artery, a. vesicalis inferior, inferior vesical artery.
a. vesicalis superior, superior vesical artery, a.
volaris indicis radialis, radialis indicis artery, a.
zygomaticoorbitalis, zygomatico-orbital artery.

arteriac (ar-te'-re-ak) [arteria]. i. Pertaining to
the trachea, or to the arteries. 2. A remedy used
in diseases of the trachea or of the arteries.

arteriae (ar-te'-re-e) [L.. plural of arteria].
Arteries, a. arciformes, arciform arteries of renal
arches, a. gastricas breves, the vasa brevia. a. inter-
lobulares, interlobular arteries. a. intestinales,
intestinal arteries or vasa intestini tenuis, a. meta-
carpeae dorsales, dorsal interosseous arteries, a.
renis, renal arteries, a. metacarpeae volares, volar
or palmar interosseous arteries. a. metatarseae
dorsales, dorsal interosseous arteries, a. metatarseae
plantares, digital branches of the plantar arch.
a. scrotales posteriores, superficial perineal arteries.
a. surales, inferior muscular arteries.

arteriagra (ar-ler-e-a'-grah) [arteria; ay pa, a
seizure]. Neuralgia of an artery.

arterial [see arteria]. Pertaining to an artery.

arterialization (ar-te-re-al-iz-a'-shun) [see arteria].
1. The process of making or becoming arterial; the
change from venous blood into arterial. 2. Vascu-
larization.

arteriarctia (ar-te-re-ark'-te-ah) [arteria; arctus,
bound]. Constriction or stenosis of an artery.

arteriasis (ar-te-ri'-as-is) [see arteria]. Degenera-
tion of an artery; it may be either calcareous or
fatty.

arteriectasis, arteriectasia (ar-te-re-ek'-tas-is, ar-te-
re-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [arteria; enraais, a stretching out].
Arterial dilatation.

arteriectopia (ar-te-re-ek-to'-pe-ah) [arteria; ^ktotvos,
out of place]. Displacement or abnormality in the
course of an artery.

arteriitis (ar-te-re-i'-tis). See arteritis.

arterin (ar'-ter-in) [see arteria], Hoppe-Seyler's
term for the arterial blood-pigment contained in the
red corpuscles.

arterioarctia (ar-te-re-o-ark'-le-ah). See arteri-
arctia.

arteriocapillary {ar-te-re-o-kap' -il-a-re) [arteria;
capillary]. Pertaining to arteries and capillaries, a.
fibrosis, a chronic inflammatory process character-
ized by an overgrowth of connective tissue in the
walls of the blood-vessels. It is known also as
arteriocapillary fibrosis of Gull and Sutton.

arteriochalasis (ar-te-re-o-kal'-as-is) [arteria; xa\-
oo-ts, a slackening]. Arterial atony.

arteriococcygeal gland (ar-te-re-o-kok-sij'-e-al).
Luschka's gland.

arteriodialysis (ar-te-re-o-di-al'-is-is) [arteria; Sia\-
v<tls, dissolution]. Attenuation of the arterial walls
with or without rupture.

arteriodiastasis (ar-te-re-o-di-as'-tas-is) [arteria;
Sia<TTa<ns, separation]. 1. The retraction of the two

ARTERIODIPLOPIESMUS

89

ARTERY

ends of a divided artery. 2. See arterioectopia.
3. The divergence of two arteries that lie near each
other normally.

arteriodiplopiesmus (ar-te-re-o-dip-lo-pi-ez'-mus)
[arleria; 8ur\o6s, twofold; irieo>i6s, pressure]. D'Eti-
olles' procedure for obtaining rapid coagulation of
the blood in that part of an artery lying between
two points upon which simultaneous pressure is
made.

arteriofibrosis (ar-te-re-o-fi-bro'-sis). See arterio-
capillary fibrosis.

arteriogram (ar-te'-re-o-gram). See sphygmogram.

arteriograph (ar-te'-re-o-graf) [arteria; ypd<petv, to
record]. A form of sphygmograph.

arteriography (ar-le-re-og'-ra-fe) [arteria; ypd<f>-n. a
writing]. 1. A description of the arteries. 2. The
graphic representation of the pulse-waves.

arteriola (ar-te-re-o'-lah) [L.: pi., arteriole?]. An
arteriole, a. recta, one of the arterioles going to
the pyramids in the cortex of the kidney.

arteriolae (ar-te-re o'-le) [L.]. Arterioles, a. auri-
cularis cordis, coronary arteries of the heart, a.
rectse, vasa recta of the kidney.

arteriole (ar-te'-re-ol) [arteriola]. A very small
artery, a., straight, one of the small blood-vessels
supplying the medullary pyramids of the kidneys.

arteriolith (ar-te'-re-o-lilh) [arteria; \L60s, a stone].
A calculus in an artery from calcification of a throm-
bus.

arteriology (ar-te-re-ol'-o-je) [arteria; X670S, science].
The science of the arteries; the anatomy, physiology,
and pathology of the arteries.

arteriomalacia (ar-le-re-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [arleria;
na\aKla, softness]. Softening of the wall of an artery.

arteriomalacosis (ar-te-re-o-mal-ak-o'-sis) . See ar-
teriomalacia.

' arteriometer (ar-te-re-om'-et-er) [arteria; ukrpov,
measure]. An instrument for measuring the changes
in the caliber of a pulsating artery.

arterionecrosis (ar-te-re-o-ne-kro'-sis) [arteria; nec-
rosis]. Necrosis of an artery or arteries.

arteriopalmus (ar-te-re-o-pal'-mus) [arteria; ird\p.6s,
palpitation]. Throbbing of the arteries.

arteriopathy (ar-te-re-op'-a-the) [arteria; irados,
illness]. Any disease of an artery or of arteries.

arterioperissia, arterioperittia {ar-te-re-o-per-is'-
e-ah, -it'-e-ah) [arteria; -wepiaaos, excessive]. Ab-
normal or excessive arterial development. Syn.,
perittarteria; perissoarteria.

arteriophlebotomy (ar-te-re-o-fie-bot'-o-me) [arteria;
4>\&l/, a vein; rkuvtiv, to cut]. Local bloodletting.

arteriopituitous (ar-te-re-o-pit-u'-it-us) [arteria;
pituita, mucus]. Applied to the blood-vessels of the
nasal passages.

arterioplania (ar-te-re-o-pla'-ne-ah) [arteria; ir'Kav-
aadai, to wander]. Deviation or tortuousness in the
course of an artery.

arterioplasty {ar-te' -re-o-plas-te) [arteria; irXaaaeiv,
to form]. Matas' operation for aneurysm.

arterioplegmus (ar-te-re-o-pleg'-mus) [arteria;
ir\eyp.a, anything twined or plaited]. Perplication.
Syn., arterioploce.

arteriorenal (ar-te-re-o-re'-nal) [arteria; ren, the
kidney]. Pertaining to the renal blood-vessels.

arteriorrhagia (ar-te-re-or-a'-je-ah) [arteria; p-qyw-
vai, to break forth]. Arterial hemorrhage.

arteriorrhaphy (ar-te-re-or'-af-e) [arteria; pa<pr],
suture]^ Suture of an artery.

arteriorrhexis (ar-te-re-or-eks'-is) [arteria; py%t.s,
a bursting]. Rupture of an artery.

arteriosclerosis (ar-te-re-o-skle-ro'-sis) [arteria;
<tk\tjp6s, hard]. A chronic inflammation of the ar-
terial walls, especially of the intima.

arteriosclerotic (ar-te-re-o-skle-rot'-ik) [see arterio-
sclerosis]. Pertaining to arteriosclerosis, a. kidney,
a kidney the seat of chronic interstitial inflammation
affecting primarily the blood-vessels.

arteriosity (ar-ie-re-os'-it-e) [arteria]. The quality
of being arterial.

arteriostenosis (ar-le-re-o-sle-no'-sis) [arleria; art-
vbs, narrow]. The narrowing of the caliber of an
artery in any part.

arteriosteogenesis (ar-le-re-os-le-o-jen'-e-sis) [ar-
teria; 6<tt€ov, a bone; ykveoii, production]. Calci-
fication of an artery.

arteriosteosis, arteriostosis (ar-te-re-os-te-o'-sis,
ar-te-re-os-to'-sis) . See arteriosteogenesis.

arteriostrepsis (ar-le-re-o-slrep'-sis) [arteria;
<jTpbl/is, a twisting]. The twisting of an artery for
the purpose of staying a hemorrhage.

arteriotome {ar-te' -re-o-tom) [arteria; rkp-veiv, to
cut]. A knife for use in ar tenotomy.

arteriotomy (ar-le-re-ot'-o-me) [arteria; rkp.vtw, to
cut]. 1. The cutting or opening of an artery for the
purpose of bloodletting. 2. Dissection or anatomy
of the arteries.

arteriotrepsis (ar-te-re-o-lrep'-sis) [arteria; <rrpk\pis,
torsion]. See arteriostrepsis.

arterious (ar-te' -re-us) [arleria]. Relating to the
arteries; arterial.

arteriovenous (ar-te-re-o-ve'-nus) [arteria; vena,
vein]. Both arterial and venous; involving an
artery and a vein, as an arteriovenous aneurysm.

arterioversion (ar-le-re-o-ver' -shun) [arteria; verier e,
to turn]. Weber's method of arresting hemorrhage
by turning vessels inside out by means of an instru-
ment called the arterioverter.

arterioverter (ar-te-re-o-ver'-ler). An instrument
for performing arterioversion.

arteritis (ar-te-ri'-tis) [arteria; ins, inflammation].
1. Inflammation of an artery. 2. Inflammation of
the external coat of an artery, a. deformans. See
endarteritis, chronic, a. obliterans. See endarteritis
obliterans. a., syphilitica, endarteritis deformans
caused by syphilis, a. umbilicalis, septic inflamma-
tion of the umbilical arteries in the newborn.

artery (ar'-ter-e) [see arleria]. One of the tube-
like vessels through which the blood is propelled by
the heart to all parts of the body. Arteries end in
arterioles and capillaries. They are composed of 3
coats: the outer, or tunica adventitia; the middle, or
tunica media, the muscular coat; the internal, or
intima, composed of endothelial cells, fibrous and
elastic tissue, a., abdominal. See a., circumflex
iliac, deep, a., abdominal, external or subcutaneous.
See a., epigastric, superficial; a., pudic, external
superior, a., abdominal, posterior. See a., epigastric,
deep, a., acetabular, a branch of the internal circum-
flex artery distributed^ to the hip-joint, a., acromio-
thoracic (thoracic axis), origin, second branch of
first part of axillary; distribution, shoulder, arm,
upper anterior part of chest, and mammary gland;
branches, acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavicular.
a., alar thoracic, origin, second part of axillary;
distribution, lymphatic glands in axilla, a.s, anasto-
motic, those which connect other arteries more or
less remote from each other, a., anastomotic (of
external plantar), origin, external plantar; distri-
bution, outer border of foot; it anastomoses with the
tarsal and metatarsal branches of the dorsalis pedis.
a., anastomotic (of internal plantar), origin, internal
plantar; distribution, inner side of foot; it anasto-
moses with internal tarsal branch of the dorsalis
pedis, a., anastomotica magna (of brachial), origin,
brachial; distribution, elbow; branches, posterior and
anterior, a., anastomotica magna (of superficial
femoral), origin, superficial femoral (in Hunter's
canal); distribution, knee; branches, superficial and
deep, a., angular, origin, the termination of the
facial; distribution, lacrimal sac and lower part of
orbicularis palpebrarum; it anastomoses with infra-
orbital, aorta, abdominal, origin, thoracic aorta;
termination, two common iliacs; branches, phrenic
(right and left), celiac axis, suprarenal or capsular
(right and left), superior mesenteric, lumbar (4 pairs),
renal (right and left), spermatic (right and left),
inferior mesenteric, right and left common iliac,
middle sacral, aorta, arch, origin left ventricle of
heart; distribution, thoracic aorta; branches, two
coronary, innominate, left common carotid, left
subclavian, aorta, primitive, that portion from the
origin to the point at which the first branch is given
off. aorta, thoracic, origin, arch of aorta; termi-
nation, abdominal aorta; branches, 2 or 3 pericardiac,
3 bronchial, 4 or 5 esophageal, 20 intercostal, sub-
costal (or twelfth dorsal), diaphragmatic, aberrans.
a., articular, middle (of knee), origin, popliteal;
distribution, crucial ligaments and joint, a., arti-
cular, superior external (of knee), origin, popliteal;
distribution, crureus and knee, a., articular, superior
internal, origin, popliteal; distribution, knee, a.,
auditory, external, a division of the first part of the
internal maxillary artery; it enters the tympanum
by the glaserian fissure and is distributed to the
tympanum, a., auricular, posterior, origin, fifth
branch of external carotid; distribution, back of
auricle, scalp, and part of neck; branches, parotid,
muscular, stylomastoid, anterior terminal or auri-
cular, and posterior terminal or mastoid, a., axillary,
origin, subclavian; distribution, brachial and seven

ARTERY

90

ARTERY

branches; branches, superior thoracic, acromio-
thoracic, long thoracic, alar thoracic, subscapular,
anterior and posterior circumflex, a., azygos (of the
tongue), a small artery formed by the junction of
branches of the dorsal arteries of the tongue; it
extends along the median line of the dorsum of the
tongue, a., basilar, origin, by confluence of right and
left vertebral; distribution, brain; branches, trans-
verse (or pontile), internal auditory, anterior cere-
bellar, superior cerebellar, two posterior cerebral.
a., brachial, origin, axillary; distribution, arm and
forearm; branches, superior and inferior profunda,
anastomotica magna, nutrient, muscular, radial,
and ulnar, a., cardiac, origin, gastric; distribution,
cardiac end of stomach, a., carotid, common, origin,
right side, innominate; left side, arch of aorta; distri-
bution, external and internal carotid; branches,
external and internal carotid, a., carotid, external,
origin, common carotid; distribution, anterior part
of neck, face, side of head, integuments, and dura
mater; branches, ascending pharyngeal, superior
thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular,
temporal, internal maxillary, a., carotid, internal,
origin, common carotid; distribution, greater part
of brain, the orbit, internal ear, forehead, and nose;
branches, tympanic, vidian, arteria receptaculi,
pituitary, gasserian, meningeal, ophthalmic, posterior
communicating, anterior choroid, anterior cerebral,
middle cerebral, a., carotid, primitive. See a.,
carotid, common, a., celiac, origin, abdominal aorta;
distribution, stomach, duodenum, spleen, pancreas,
liver, and gall-bladder; branches, gastric, hepatic,
splenic, a., central (of retina), origin, ophthalmic;
distribution, retina, a.s, central system of, Heub-
ner's and Duret's term for the primary or secondary
branches of the circle of Willis; they are distributed
to the central ganglia of the brain, a., cerebellar,
anterior, origin, basilar; distribution, anterior inferior
surface of cerebellum, a., cerebellar, inferior, origin,
vertebral; distribution, vermiform process and
cortex of cerebellum; branches, inferior vermiform
and the hemispheral. a., cerebellar, superior, origin,
basilar; distribution, superior vermiform process
and circumference of cerebellum; branches, superior
vermiform and hemispheral. a., cerebral, anterior,
origin, internal carotid; distribution, anterior portion
of cerebrum; branches, anterior communicating,
ganglionic (or central), commissural, hemispheral (or
cortical). a., cerebral, middle, origin, internal
carotid; distribution, middle portion of cerebrum;
branches, ganglionic (or central, hemispheral (or
cortical), a., cerebral, posterior, origin, basilar;
distribution, temporosphenoid and occipital lobes;
branches, ganglionic (or central) and hemispheral
(or cortical), a., cervical, origin, uterine; distribu-
tion, cervix uteri, a., cervical, ascending, origin,
inferior thyroid; distribution, deep muscles of neck
and spinal canal; branches, muscular, spinal, and
phrenic, a., cervical, deep, origin, superior inter-
costal; distribution, deep muscles of neck and spinal
canal; branches, muscular, anastomotic, vertebral
(or spinal), a., cervical, superficial, origin, transverse
cervical; distribution, trapezius, levator anguli
scapula?, splenius muscles, and posterior chain of
lymphatic glands, a., cervical, transverse (trans-
versalis colli), origin, thyroid axis; distribution,
posterior cervical and scapular regions; branches,
posterior scapular and superficial cervical, a., cir-
cumflex, anterior (of axillary), origin, axillary; dis-
tribution, pectoralis major, biceps, and shoulder-
joint; branches, bicipital and pectoral, a., circumflex
iliac, deep, origin, external iliac; distribution, upper
part of thigh and lower part of abdomen; branches,
muscular and cutaneous, a., circumflex, posterior
(of axillary), origin, axillary; distribution, deltoid,
teres minor, triceps, and shoulder-joint; branches,
nutrient, articular, acromial, muscular, a., colic,
left, origin, inferior mesenteric; distribution, de-
scending colon, a., colic, middle, origin, superior
mesenteric; distribution, transverse colon, a., colic,
right, origin, superior mesenteric; distribution,
ascending colon, a., colic, transverse, origin, colic,
middle; distribution, transverse colon, a., comes
nervi phrenici. See a., phrenic, superior, a., com-
municating, i. One establishing communication
between two arteries. 2. An artery having as origin
the dorsalis pedis; it enters into the formation of the
plantar arch and has two digital branches, a., com-
municating (or perforating), origin, deep palmar arch;
distribution, joins proximal ends of metacarpal and

second and third dorsal interosseous arteries, a.,
communicating, anterior, origin, anterior cerebral; it
assists in formation of anterior boundary of the circle
of Willis; sendvS branches to caudate nucleus. Syn.,
communicans willisii. a., communicating, posterior,
origin, posterior cerebral; it enters into formation of
circle of Willis; sends branches to uncinate con-
volution and optic thalamus; branches, uncinate,
middle thalamic, a. compressor, a. constrictor, an
instrument for occluding an artery for the purpose
of arresting or preventing hemorrhage, a., coronary,
inferior, origin, facial; distribution, lower lip.
a., coronary, left, origin, left anterior sinus of Val-
salva; distribution, heart; branches, left auricular,
anterior interventricular, left marginal, terminal.
a., coronary, right, origin, right anterior sinus of
Valsalva; distribution, heart; branches, right auri-
cular, preventricular, right marginal, posterior inter-
ventricular, transverse, a., coronary, superior, origin ,
facial; distribution, upper lip. a.s, cortical system of,
Heubner and Duret's term for the arteries distri-
buted to the cerebral cortex and the parts immedi-
ately beneath it. a., diaphragmatic, origin, thoracic
aorta; distribution, diaphragm, a., digital, origin,
external plantar; distribution, outer side of the second
and third, fourth, and fifth toes, a., digital, palmar,
origin, superficial palmar arch; distribution, both
sides of little, ring, and middle finger and ulnar
side of index-finger, a., dorsal (of penis), origin,
pudic; distribution, penis, a., dorsalis hillucis, a
continuation of dorsalis pedis; distribution, great
and second toes, a., dorsalis pedis, origin, continua-
tion of anterior tibial; distribution, assists to form
plantar arch; branches, tarsal, metatarsal, dorsalis
hallucis, communicating, a., end, a., terminal, an
artery that does not anastomose with other arteries
by means of large branches; there is usually a capil-
lary anastomosis, a., epigastric, deep (or inferior),
origin, external iliac; distribution, abdominal wall;
branches, cremasteric, pubic, muscular, cutaneous,
terminal, a., epigastric, superficial, origin, common
femoral; distribution, inguinal glands, skin, super-
ficial fascia, and abdominal wall, a., epigastric,
superior, origin, internal mammary; distribution,
abdominal wall and diaphragm, liver, and peritoneum,
branches, phrenic, xiphoid, cutaneous, muscular,
hepatic, and peritoneal, a., epiploic, origin, right and
left gastroepiploic; distribution, omentum. a.,
esophageal. 1. Origin, gastric; distribution, eso-
phagus. 2. Origin, inferior thyroid; distribution,
esophagus. 3. Origin, left phrenic; distribution,
esophagus. 4. (4 or 5). Origin, thoracic aorta;
distribution, esophagus, a., esophageal, inferior,
origin, coronary (of stomach); distribution, eso-
phagus, a., facial, origin, third branch of external
carotid; distribution, pharynx and face; branches,
ascending, or inferior palatine, tonsillar, glandular,
muscular, submental, masseteric, buccal, inferior
labial, inferior and superior coronary, lateralis nasi,
angular, a., femoral, common, origin, continuation
of external iliac; distribution, lower part of abdominal
wall, upper part of thigh and genitalia; branches,
superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac,
superficial external pudic, deep external pudic,
profunda, a., femoral, deep, see a., femoral, profunda.
a., femoral, profunda, origin, common femoral;
distribution, muscles of thigh; branches, external
circumflex, internal circumflex, and three perforating.
a., femoral, superficial, origin, continuation of
common femoral; distribution, muscles of thigh and
knee-joint; branches, muscular, saphenous, anasto-
motica magna, a. forceps, a forceps for catching or
twisting an artery; a hemostat. a., frontal, a branch
of the ophthalmic artery; it ascends the inner part
of the orbital arch and supplies the periosteum,
muscles, and integument of the middle forehead.
a., gastric (or coronary), origin, celiac axis; distri-
bution, stomach, liver, and esophagus; branches,
esophageal, cardiac, gastric, and hepatic, a., gastro-
duodenal, a branch of the hepatic artery given off
near the pyloric orifice of the stomach; branches,
right gastroepiploic and superior pancreaticoduo-
denal, a., gluteal, a branch of the internal iliac
which runs backward between the lumbosacral
cord and the first sacral nerve, turns around the
upper margin of the great sacrosciatic foramen, and
divides opposite the interval between the gluteus
medius and pyriformis muscles, into the deep and
superficial gluteal arteries, a., gluteal, deep, origin,
gluteal; distribution, deep muscles of posterior gluteal

ARTERY

91

ARTERY

region, a., gluteal, inferior, origin, sciatic; distribu-
tion, gluteus maximus. a., gluteal, superficial,
origin, gluteal; distribution, gluteus maximus and
integument over sacrum. a., gluteal, superior,
origin, deep gluteal; distribution, muscles adjacent.
a.s, helicine, the arteries found in cavernous tissue,
as in the testicle, uterus, ovary, etc. a., hemor-
rhoidal, inferior (or external), origin, pudic; distri-
bution, sphincter muscle, levator ani. a., hemor-
rhoidal, middle, origin, internal iliac, anterior
division; distribution, middle part of rectum, a.,
hemorrhoidal, superior, origin, inferior mesenteric;
distribution, upper part of rectum, a., hepatic,
origin, celiac axis; distribution, liver, pancreas, part
of duodenum, and stomach; branches, pancreatic,
subpyloric, gastroduodenal, right and left terminal.
a., iliac, common, origin, terminal branch of ab-
dominal aorta; distribution, peritoneum, subperi-
toneal fat, ureter, and terminates in external and
internal iliac; branches, peritoneal, subperitoneal,
ureteric, external and internal iliac, a., iliac, ex-
ternal, origin, common iliac; distribution, lower
limb; branches, deep epigastric, deep circumflex
iliac, muscular, and continues as femoral, a., iliac,
internal, origin, common iliac; distribution, pelvic
and generative organs and inner side of thigh;
branches, anterior and posterior trunk, a., iliac,
internal (anterior trunk), origin, internal iliac;
distribution, pelvic and generative organs and
thigh; branches, hypogastric, superior, middle, and
inferior vesical, middle hemorrhoidal, uterine, vaginal,
obturator, sciatic, internal pudic. a., iliac, internal
(posterior trunk), origin, internal iliac; distribution,
muscles of hip and sacrum; branches, iliolumbar,
lateral sacral and gluteal, a., innominate, origin,
arch of aorta; distribution, right side of head and
right arm; branches, right common carotid, right
subclavian, occasionally thyroidea ima. a., inter-
costal, anterior, origin, internal mammary; distri-
bution, intercostal muscles, ribs (upper five or six),
and pectoralis major, a., intercostal, anterior, origin,
musculophrenic; distribution, lower five or six
intercostal spaces, a., intercostal, superior, origin,
subclavian; distribution, neck and upper part of
thorax; branches, deep cervical, first intercostal,
arteria aberrans. a., interosseous, anterior, origin,
interosseous (common); distribution, muscles of
forearm, a., interosseous, common, origin, ulnar;
distribution, interosseous membrane and deep
muscles of the forearm; branches, anterior and
posterior interosseous, a., interosseous, posterior,
origin, _ ulnar; distribution, muscles of forearm.
a., labial, superior. See a., coronary, superior.
a., laryngeal, superior, origin, superior thyroid;
distribution, intrinsic muscles and mucous membrane
of larynx, a., lenticulostriate, origin, middle cerebral;
distribution, lenticular and caudate nuclei. a.,
lingual, origin, external carotid; distribution, tongue;
branches, hyoid, dorsalis linguae, sublingual, ranine.
a., mammary, external. See a., thoracic, long.
a., mammary, internal, origin, subclavian; distri-
bution, structures of thorax; branches, superior
phrenic, mediastinal (or thymic), pericardiac,
sternal, anterior intercostal, perforating, lateral
intercostal, superior epigastric, internal mammary.
a., maxillary, external. See a., facial, a., maxillary,
internal (maxillary group), origin, external carotid;
distribution, structures indicated by names of
branches; branches, deep auricular, tympanic, middle
meningeal, mandibular, small meningeal, a., maxil-
lary, internal (pterygoid group), origin, external
carotid; distribution, structures indicated by names
of branches; branches, masseteric, posterior deep
temporal, internal and external pterygoid, buccal,
anterior deep temporal. a., maxillary, internal
(sphenomaxillary group, origin, external carotid;
distribution, structures indicated by names of
branches; branches, posterior dental (or alveolar),
infraorbital, posterior (or descending) palatine, Vidian,
pterygopalatine, nasal, or sphenopalatine, a., median
(arteria comes nervi mediani), origin, anterior inter-
osseous; distribution, median nerve and superficial
palmar arch, a., mediastinal, anterior (or thymic),
origin, internal mammary; discribution, connective
tissue, fat, and lymphatics in superior and anterior
mediastinums, thymus gland. a.s, medullary,
i. Those supplying the medullary substance of the
brain. 2. The nutrient arteries, a., meningeal.
1. Origin, ascending pharyngeal; distribution, mem-
branes of brain. 2. Origin, posterior ethmoid;

distribution, dura mater, a., meningeal, anterior,
origin, internal carotid; distribution, dura mater.
a., meningeal, middle or great, origin, internal
maxillary; distribution, cranium and dura mater;
branches, anterior and posterior, a., meningeal,
posterior. 1. Origin, occipital; distribution, dura
mater. 2. Origin, vertebral; distribution, dura
mater, a., meningeal, small, origin, internal maxil-
lary; distribution, Gasserian ganglion, walls of
cavernous sinus, and dura mater, a., mesenteric,
inferior, origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, lower
half of large intestine; branches, left colic, sigmoid,
superior hemorrhoidal, a., mesenteric, superior,
origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, whole of small
intestine and upper half of large; branches, inferior
pancreaticoduodenal, colica media, colica dextra,
ileocolic, vasa intestini tenuis, a., musculophrenic,
origin, internal mammary; distribution, 'diaphragm,
fifth and sixth lower intercostal spaces, oblique
muscles of abdomen; branches, phrenic, anterior
intercostals, muscular, a., nasal, origin, ophthalmic;
distribution, lacrimal sac and integuments of nose;
branches, lacrimal and transverse nasal, a., naso-
palatine. See c, sphenopalatine, a., obturator,
origin, anterior division, internal iliac; distribution,
pelvis and thigh; branches, iliac (or nutrient), vesical,
pubic, external and internal pelvic, a., obturator,
external, origin, obturator; distribution, muscles
about obturator foramen, a., occipital. 1. Origin,
fourth branch of external carotid; distribution,
muscles of neck and scalp; branches, sternomastoid,
posterior meningeal, auricular, mastoid, princeps
cervicis, communicating, muscular, terminal. 2. A
branch of the posterior cerebral artery distributed
to the occipital gyri and surrounding parts, a.,
omphalomesenteric, origin, primitive aorta; distri-
bution, subsequently becomes the umbilical, a.,
ophthalmic, origin, internal carotid; distribution, the
eye, adjacent structures, portion of face; branches,
lacrimal, supraorbital, central artery of retina,
muscular, ciliary, posterior and anterior ethmoid,
palpebral, frontal, nasal, a., ovarian, origin, ab-
dominal aorta; distribution, ovary, ureter, Fallopian
tube, uterus; branches, ureteral, Fallopian, uterine,
ligamentous, a., palatine, origin, ascending pharyn-
geal; distribution, soft palate and its muscles, a.,
palatine, ascending (or inferior), origin, first branch
of facial; distribution, upper part of pharynx, palate,
and tonsils; branches, palatine, tonsillar, a., pala-
tine, descending, origin, internal maxillary; distri-
bution, to soft and hard palate; branches, anterior
and posterior, a., palmar arch, deep, origin, radial
and communicating of ulna; distribution, palm and
fingers; branches, princeps pollicis, radialis indicis,
palmar interosseous (3), recurrent carpal, posterior
perforating. a., palmar arch, superficial, origin,
ulnar and superficialis vols; distribution, palm and
fingers; branches, digital (4), muscular, cutaneous.
a., pancreatic. 1. Origin, hepatic; distribution,
pancreas. 2. Origin, splenic; distribution, pancreas.
a., pancreaticoduodenal, inferior, origin, superior
mesenteric; distribution, pancreas and duodenum.
a., pancreaticoduodenal, superior, origin, gastro-
duodenal; distribution, duodenum and pancreas.
a., perforating (or posterior communicating) (3),
origin, deep palmar arch; distribution, interosseous
spaces. a.s, pericardiacophrenic, the pericardiac
divisions of the internal mammary artery connecting
with sternal ramifications of the same artery and
with branches of the superior phrenic, bronchial,
and intercostal arteries to form the subpleural medi-
astinal plexus, a., pharyngeal. 1. Origin, pterygo-
palatine; distribution, roof of pharynx. 2. Origin,
sphenopalatine; distribution, roof and contiguous
portions of pharynx, a., pharyngeal, ascending,
origin, first branch external carotid; distribution,
pharynx, soft palate, tympanum, posterior part of
neck, and membranes of brain; branches, preverte-
bral, pharyngeal, palatine, tympanic, meningeal.
a., phrenic, origin, ascending cervical; distribution,
phrenic nerve, a., phrenic, superior (comes nervi
phrenici), origin, internal mammary; distribution,
pleura, pericardium, and diaphragm, a., plantar
arch, origin, external plantar artery; distribution,
anterior part of foot and toes; branches, articular
and plantar digital, a., plantar, deep, origin, meta-
tarsal; distribution, assists in formation of plantar
arch, a., plantar, external, origin, posterior tibial;
distribution, sole and toes; branches, muscular,
calcaneal, cutaneous, anastomotic, posterior per-

ARTERY

92

ARTHREMPYEMA

forating, plantar arch, a., plantar, internal, origin,
posterior tibial; distribution, inner side of foot;
branches, muscular, cutaneous, articular, anasto-
motic, superficial digital, a., popliteal, origin, con-
tinuation of femoral; distribution, knee and leg;
branches, cutaneous, muscular (superior and inferior)
or sural, articular, superior and inferior external,
superior and inferior internal and azygos, terminal
(anterior and posterior tibial, a., profunda (deep
femoral), origin, femoral; distribution, thigh;
branches, external and internal circumflex, three
perforating, a., profunda, inferior, origin, brachial;
distribution, triceps, elbow-joint. a., profunda,
superior, origin, brachial; distribution, humerus,
muscles and skin of arm; branches, ascending,
cutaneous, articular, nutrient, muscular, a., pterygo-
palatine (pterygopharyngeal), origin, internal maxil-
lary; distribution, pharynx, Eustachian tubes, and
sphenoid cells; branches, pharyngeal, Eustachian,
sphenoid, a., pudic, external, deep (inferior), origin,
femoral, common; distribution, skin of scrotum (or
labium in female), a., pudic, external, superficial
(superior), origin, common femoral; distribution,
integument above pubes and external genitalia.
a., pudic, internal, origin, internal iliac, anterior
division; distribution, generative organs; branches,
external (or inferior) hemorrhoidal, superficial
perineal, muscular, arteries of bulb, crus, and dorsal
of penis, a., pulmonary, origin, right ventricle;
distribution, lungs; branches, right and left, a.,
pyloric, inferior, origin, gastroduodenal or right
gastroepiploic; distribution, pyloric end of stomach.
a., pyloric, superior, origin, hepatic; distribution,
pyloric end of stomach, a., radial, origin, brachial;
distribution, forearm, wrist, hand; branches, radial
recurrent, muscular, anterior and posterior carpal,
superficial volar, metacarpal, dorsalis pollicis,
dorsalis indicis. deep palmar arch, a., ranine, origin,
lingual; distribution, tongue and mucous membrane
of mouth, a., renal, origin, abdominal aorta; distri-
bution, kidney; branches, inferior suprarenal,
capsular, ureteral, a.s, retinal, the central artery of
the retina and the upper and lower arteries on the
nasal side and on the temporal side of the optic
nerve, a., sacra media. See a., sacral, middle.
a., sacral, middle, origin, continuation of aorta;
distribution, sacrum and coccyx, a., scapular, dorsal,
origin, subscapular; distribution, muscles of infra -
spinous fossa; branches, infrascapular. a., scapular,
posterior, origin, continuation of transverse cervical;
distribution, muscles of scapular region; branches,
supraspinous and infraspinous, subscapular, muscu-
lar, a., sciatic, origin, internal iliac, anterior division;
distribution, pelvic muscles and viscera, and branches;
branches, coccygeal, inferior gluteal, muscular, anas-
tomotic, articular cutaneous, comes nervi ischiadici,
vesical, rectal, prostatic, etc. a., spermatic, origin,
abdominal aorta; distribution, scrotum and testis;
branches, ureteral, cremasteric, epididymal, testicu-
lar, a., sphenopalatine (nasopalatine), origin, in-
ternal maxillary; distribution, pharynx, nose, and
sphenoid cells; branches, pharyngeal, sphenoid,
nasal, ascending septal. a., spinal. i. Origin,
ascending cervical; distribution, spinal canal. 2.
Origin, intercostals ; distribution, spinal canal and
spine. 3. Origin, lateral sacral; distribution, spinal
membranes and muscles and skin over sacrum.
a., spinal* anterior, origin, vertebral; distribution,
spinal cord, a., spinal, lateral, origin, vertebral;
distribution, vertebra and spinal canal, a., spinal,
posterior, origin, vertebral; distribution, spine,
a., splenic. 1. Origin, celiac axis; distribution,
spleen, pancreas, part of stomach, omentum;
branches, small and large pancreatic, left gastro-
epiploic, vasa brevia, terminal. 2. Origin, left
phrenic; distribution, spleen, a., subclavian, origin,
right, innominate; left, arch of aorta; distribution,
neck, thorax, arms, brain, meninges, etc.; branches,
vertebral, thyroid axis, internal mammary, superior
intercostal, a., subscapular, origin, axillary; distri-
bution, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi,
serratus magnus, axillary glands; branches, dorsal
and infrascapular. a., suprascapular (transversalis
humeri), origin, thyroid axis; distribution, muscles
of shoulder; branches, inferior sternomastoid, sub-
clavian, nutrient, suprasternal, acromial, articular,
subscapular, supraspinous, and infraspinous. a.,
Sylvian, the middle cerebral artery, a., temporal,
origin, external carotid; distribution, forehead,
parotid gland, masseter muscle, ear; branches,

parotid, articular, masseteric, anterior auricular,
transverse facial, middle, anterior and posterior
temporal. a., temporal, deep, anterior, origin,
internal maxillary; distribution, anterior part of
temporal fossa, a., termatic, origin, anterior com-
municating; distribution, lamina cinerea and corpus
callosum. a., thoracic, acromial, origin, axillary;
distribution, muscles of shoulder, arm, and chest;
branches, acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavicular.
a., thoracic, alar, origin, axillary; distribution, axillary
glands, a., thoracic, external. See a., thoracic, long.
a., thoracic, internal. See a., mammary, internal.
a., thoracic, long (external mammary), origin, axil-
lary; distribution, pectoral muscles, serratus magnus,
mammary and axillary glands, a., thymic, origin,
internal mammary; distribution, connective tissue,
fat, and lymphatics of mediastinum and thymus.
a. of the thyroid axis, origin, subclavian; distribution,
shoulder, neck, thorax, spine, cord; branches, inferior
thyroid, suprascapular, and transverse cervical,
a., thyroid, inferior, origin, thyroid axis; distribution,
larynx, esophagus, and muscles of neck; branches,
muscular, ascending cervical, esophageal, tracheal,
and inferior laryngeal, a., thyroid, superior, origin,
external carotid; distribution, omohyoid, sterno-
hyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland; branches, hyoid,
sternomastoid, superior laryngeal, cricothyroid.
a., thyroidea ima, origin, innominate (usually);
distribution, thyroid body, a., tibial, anterior, origin,
popliteal; distribution, leg; branches, posterior and
anterior tibial recurrent, muscular, internal and
external malleolar. a., tibial, posterior, origin,
popliteal; distribution, leg, heel, and foot; branches,
peroneal, muscular, medullary, cutaneous, communi-
cating, malleolar, calcanean, internal and external
plantar, a., tonsillar. 1. Origin, ascending palatine;
distribution, tonsil and Eustachian tube. 2. Origin,
facial; distribution, tonsil and root of tongue, a.,
transversalis colli. See a., cervical, transverse.
a., ulnar, origin, brachial; distribution, forearm,
wrist, and hand; branches, anterior and posterior
ulnar, recurrent, common interosseous, muscular,
nutrient, anterior and posterior ulnar, carpal, palmar
arch, a., uterine. 1. Origin, internal iliac, anterior
branch; distribution, uterus; branches, cervical,
vaginal, azygos. 2. Origin, ovarian; distribution,
uterus, a., vasa brevia, origin, splenic; distribution,
stomach, a., vertebral, origin, subclavian; distri-
bution, neck and cerebrum; branches, lateral spinal,
muscular, anastomotic, posterior meningeal, posterior
and anterior spinal, posterior cerebellar, a., vesical,
inferior, origin, internal iliac, anterior division; dis-
tribution, bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and
vagina (in female), a., vesical, middle, origin,
superior vesical; distribution, bladder, a., vesical,
superior, origin, internal iliac, anterior division;
distribution, bladder; branches, deferential, ureteric,
middle vesical (occasionally). a., Vidian, origin,
internal maxillary; distribution, roof of pharynx,
Eustachian tube, and tympanum ; branches, pharyn-
geal, Eustachian, tympanic, a., vitelline. See a.,
omphalomesenteric.

arthragra (ar-thra'-grah) [arthron; aypa, seizure].
Gout.

arthragrosis (ar-lhrag-ro'-sis) [arthron; aypa, seizure
(pi., arlhragroses)]. Gout. In the plural, gouty
disorders affecting the skin.

arthral (ar'-thral) [arthron]. Articular; relating to
an arthron.

arthralgia (ar-thral'-je-ah) [arthron; &.\yos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in a joint. Syn., arlhroneuralgia;
articular neuralgia, a. saturnina. pain in the joints
and rigidity and cramps in the approximate muscles;
it is symptomatic of lead-poisoning.

arthralgic {ar-thral'-jik) [see arthralgia]. Relating
to arthralgia.

arthrectasia, arthrectasis (ar-threk-ta'-ze-ah, ar-
threk'-ta-sis) [arthron; ecreuns, dilation]. Dilation
of a joint-cavity.

arthrectomy (ar-threk'-to-me) [arthron; iKTop.ri, a
cutting-out]. Excision of a joint.

arthredema, arthrcedema (ar-lhred-e'-mah) [ar-
thron; olSrjua, a swelling, tumor]. Edema affecting
a joint.

arthrelcosis (ar-threl-ko'-sis) [arthron; ^X/cw<ns,
ulceration]. Ulceration of a joint.

arthremia (ar-thre'-me-ah) [arthron; aJua, blood].
A congested condition of a joint.

arthrempyema {ar-thr em-pi' -e-mah) [arthron-; ip.-
irvrjua, suppuration]. Suppuration or abscess of a joint.

ANTHREMPYESIS

93

ARTHROSTENOSIS

arthrempyesis (ar-threm-pi-e'-sis). Suppuration
in a joint.

arthrentasis (ar-thren'-ta-sis) [arthron; Ivratris,
distortion]. Distortion of the limbs due to gout.

arthric (ar'-thrik). See arthritic (2).

arthrifluent (ar-thrif'-lu-ent) [arthron; finer e, to
flow]. Applied to abscesses proceeding from a
diseased joint.

arthrifuge (ar'-thrif-uj) [arthron; fugare to put to
flight]. A remedy for gout.

arthritic (ar-thrit'-ik) [arthritis]. Relating — 1. To
arthritis or to gcut. 2. To a joint.

arthritis (ar-thri'-tis) [arthron; ms, inflammation].
Inflammation of a joint, a., acute, acute joint-
inflammation, particularly that due to gout. Syn.,
arthritis vera, a., acute serous, acute synovitis.
a. arthrodynia, gout. a. asthmatica, a form observed
in elderly persons subject to asthma, and mitigated
by an attack of the latter, a., atrophic. Synonym
of Charcot's joint disease, a., blennorrhagic, gonor-
rheal rheumatism, a., chronic, a form in which
the joints are not so much affected as are other parts
of the body. a. deformans, chronic inflammation of a
joint with deformity; rheumatoid arthritis. a.,
diaphragmatic, angina pectoris, a., erratic, retro-
cedent or metastatic gout. a. fungosa, tuberculous
disease of the joints; white swelling, a., gonorrheal,
gonorrheal synovitis, a., gouty, that due to gout.
a. hiemalis, winter gout, a form occurring less
frequently in summer than in other seasons, a.,
internal. See a., visceral, a., intervertebral. See
spondylarthritis, a. ischias, gout in the hip. a.
larvata, a., latent, a masked form not manifested by
the usual symptoms. a. maxillaris, rheumatoid
arthritis of the temporomaxillary joint, a. nodosa.
See osteoarthritis, a. pauperum. Synonym of a.,
rheumatoid, a. podagra, gout in the feet, a., pro-
liferating. See a. deformans, a., retrograde, sup-
pressed gout, a., rheumatoid, a chronic joint affec-
tion characterized by inflammatory overgrowth of
the articular cartilages and synovial membranes,
with destruction of those parts of the cartilages
subject to intraarticular pressure; there is progressive
deformity. Syn., chronic rheumatoid arthritis;
osteoarthritis; rheumatic gout; nodular rheumatism;
arthritis deformans, a. sicca, rheumatoid arthritis.
a., strumous. See a. fungosa. a., subdiarthrodial,
a form of fungous arthritis in which fleshy granu-
lations occur between the bone and the cartilage of
the joint, a. syphilitica, gonorrheal rheumatism;
also the nocturnal pains of syphilis, a. typica, acute
arthritis. a., urethral, gonorrheal rheumatism.
a. urica, gout attributed to excessive formation of
uric acid. Syn., arthritis uratica; panarthritis urica;
uarthritis. a. vertebralis, a breakdown of the inter-
vertebral discs. a., visceral, gout affecting an
internal organ, with alternating attacks in the joints.

arthritism {ar'-thrit-izm) [arthron]. Gout or the
gouty diathesis.

arthritolith (ar-thrW -o-lith) [arthron; XWos, a
stone]. Gouty calcareous deposit or concretion in or
around a joint.

arthro- (ar-thro-) [arthron]. A prefix denoting
relating to the joints.

arthrobacterium (ar-thro-bak-te'-re-um) [arthro-;
bacterium]. A bacterium forming arthrospores.

arthrocace (dr-throk'-as-e) [artho-; ko.k6s, ill].
Fungous, strumous, or tuberculous arthritis; caries
of a joint, a. coxarum, see coxalgia. a., senile,
changes in the joints occurring in the aged.

arthrocarcinoma (ar-thro-kar-sin-o'-mah) [arthro-;
carcinoma]. Carcinoma affecting a joint.

arthrocele (ar'-thro-sel) [arthro-; K17X77, a tumor].
Swelling of a joint.

arthrocenchriasis (ar-thro-sen-kri'-as-is) [arthro-;
tceyxpt-as, like a grain of millet]. A miliary eruption
occurring about a joint.

arthrochondritis (ar-thro-kon-dri'-tis) [arthro-; xbv-
8pos, a cartilage; ins, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion of the cartilaginous parts of a joint.

arthroclasia ( ar-thro-kla' -se-ah) [arthro-; k\6.€lv, to
break]. The breaking-down of ankyloses in order
to produce free movement of a joint.

arthrocleisis (ar-thro-kti'-sis) [arthro-; KXheiv, to
shut]. See arthrodesis.

arthrodesis (ar-throd'-es-is) [arthro-; 5e<m, a
binding]. Surgical fixation of paralyzed joints.

arthrodia {ar-thro' -de- ah) [apdpudLa, a kind of
articulation]. A form of joint admitting of a gliding
movement.

arthrodial (ar-thro' -de-al) [arthrodia]. Pertaining
to or of the nature of arthrodia.

arthrodynia (ar-thro-din'-e-ah) [arthro-; bbvvt),
pain]. Pain in a joint; arthralgia.

arthrodynic (ar-thro-din'-ik) [arthro-; bSwrj, pain].
Relating to or affected by arthrodynia.

arthroempyesis (ar-thro-em-pi-e'-sis) [arthro-; in-
irvrjais, suppuration]. Suppuration in a joint.

arthrogenous (ar-throj'-en-us) [arthro-; yewav, to
produce]. Forming an articulation, a. spore, an
arthrospore.

arthrography (ar-throg'-ra-fe) [arthro-; ypafaiv, to
write]. A description of the joints.

arthrogryposis (ar-thro-grip-o'-sis) [arthro-; ypvwco-
ais, flexure]. 1. Permanent flexure of a joint;
ankylosis. 2. Persistent idiopathic contracture of a
joint. 3. Tetany or tetanilla.

arthrokleisis. See arthrocleisis.

arthrolith (ar'-thro-lith) [arthro-; Xi'0os, a stone].
One of the free bodies which occur in joints, arising
from the segmentation of warty outgrowths of joint
cartilage or of synovial membrane. Syn., arthrophyte;
arthremphyte; joint-bodies; joint-mice; mures articu-
lar es; corpora mobilia articulorum; corpora libera
articulorum; tophus arthriticus ; arthrotophus.

arthrolitbiasis (ar-thro-lith-i'-as-is) [see arthrolith].
Gout.

arthrology (ar-throl'-o-je) [arthro-; \6yos, science].
The science of joints.

arthrolysis (ar-throl'-is-is) [arthro-; Xvo-is, a solu-
tion]. The division or removal of adhesions and
bone from an ankylosed joint.

arthromeningitis (ar-thro-men-in-ji'-tis) [arthro-;
mviyl-, membrane; ins, inflammation]. Synovitis.

arthron (ar'-thron) [apdpov, a joint]. A joint or an
articulation.

arthronalgia (ar-lhron-al'-je-ah). See arthralgia.

arthroncus (ar-throng'-kus) [arthro-; oyicos, a
swelling]. 1. A cartilaginous body such as occasion-
ally forms within the knee-joint. 2. Swelling of a
joint.

arthroneuralgia (ar-thro-nil-ral'-je-ah) [arthro-;
vevpov, nerve; &X70S, pain]. Neuralgic pain in'ajoint.

arthropathology (ar-thro-path-ol'-o-je) [arthro-; ira-
dos, disease; X670S, science]. The branch of pathol-
ogy dealing with joint-diseases.

arthropathy (ar-ihrop' -a-the) [arthro-; itaBos, dis-
ease]. 1. Any joint disease. 2. A peculiar trophic
disease of the joints, sometimes occurring in loco-
motor ataxia and syringomyelia; rarely in general
paralysis of the insane and in disseminated sclerosis.
Syn., Charcot's joint, a., Charcot's, see arthropathy
(2). a. osteopulmonary, Marie's disease, an enlarge-
ment of the ends of long bones in long standing
pulmonary disease. a., vertebral, arthropathy with
depressions and rugosities of the vertebrae.

arthrophlogosis (ar-thro-flo-go'-sis) [arthro-; <j>\iyeiv,
to burn]. Inflammation of a joint.

arthrophlysis (ar-throf -lis-is) [arthro-; 0\u<rts, an
eruption]. Gout accompanied with a cutaneous
eruption^ a. cardiaca. See miliaria arthritica.
a. vulgaris. See eczema arthrilicum.

arthrophyma (ar-lhro-fi'-mah) [arthro-; 4>vp.a, a
swelling]. Swelling of a joint.

arthrophyte (ar' -thro-fit) [arthro-; (pvrov, a growth].
A growth in a joint.

arthroplasty (ar'-thro-plas-te) [arthro-; irXdaativ,
to form]. The making of an artificial joint.

Arthropod (ar'-thro-pod) [arthro-; irovs, foot].
A member of the phylum arthropoda which embraces
crustaceans, insects and spiders.

arthropodous (ar-throp'-o-dus) [arthro-; irovs, a
ioot]. In biology, having jointed legs.

arthropyosis (ar-thro-pi-o'-sis) [arthro-; irvwcns,
suppuration]. Pus-formation in a joint.

arthrorheumatism (ar-thro-ru' -mat-izm) [arthro-;
rheumatism]. Articular rheumatism.

arthrorrhagia (ar-ihro-ra' -je-ah) [arthro-; prjyvwai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage into a joint.

arthrosia (ar-thro' -ze-ah) \arthron]. Painful in-
flammatory or other affection of a joint.

arthrosis (ar-thro' -sis) [kpBpbeiv, to fasten by a
joint]. Articulation or jointing; a suture.

arthrospore (ar'-thro-spor) [arthro-; airbpos, a seed].
A spore formed by fission, as opposed to an endospore.

arthrosteitis (ar-thro-ste-i'-tis) [arthro-; bo-rkov,
bone; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
bony parts of a joint.

arthrostenosis (ar-thro-sten-o'-sis) [arthro-; ork-
vw<ns, a narrowing]. Contraction of a joint.

ARTHROSTEOPHYMA

94

ARYTENOID

arthrosteophyma (ar-thro-ste-o-fi'-mah) [arthro-;
barkov, bone; <t>v/j.a, tumor]. A tumor of the bone
in a joint.

arthrosyrinx (ar-thro-sir'-ingks) [arthro-; avpiy%,
a pipel. A fistulous opening into a joint.

arthrotome (ar'-lhro-tdm) [arthro-; rb\n), a cutting].
A stout knife used in the surgery of the joints.

arthrotomy (ar-throt'-o-me) yarthro-; renveiv, to
cut]. Incision of a joint.

arthrotrauma (ar-thro-traw'-mah) [arthro-; rpavna,
an injury]. An injury to a joint.

arthrotropia (ar-lhro-tro'-pe-ah) yarthro-; rpoirri, a
turning]. Torsion of a limb.

arthrotyphoid (ar-thro-ti'-foid). Typhoid fever
with articular involvement.

arthrous (ar'-thrus) [arthron]. Pertaining to a
joint or joints; jointed.

arthroxerosis (ar-thro-zer-o' -sis) [arthro-; £kpu<ns,
a dry state]. Chronic osteoarthritis.

arthroxesis (ar-throks'-es-is) [arthro-; few, a
scraping]. The surgical treatment of an articular
surface by scraping.

Arthus phenomenon (ar'-toos) [Maurice Arthus,
French bacteriologist]. A rabbit treated with
horse's serum at intervals of six days shows a soft
infiltrate after the fourth injection, a hard infiltrate
after the fifth injection, and gangrene after the
sixth or seventh injection; this last is followed by
death.

artiad (ar'-te-ad) [aprtoj, even]. In chemistry, a
term designating an element or radical having an
even quanti valence.

article (art'-ikl) [articulus, a little joint]. A joint;
a segment of a jointed series.

articular (ar-tik'-u-lar) [articularis, of the joints].
Pertaining to an articulation or joint.

articularis (ar-tik-u-la'-ris). Articular, a. genu.
See subcrureas, in table of muscles.

articulate (ar tik'-u-lat) [articulare, to divide in
joints], i. Divided into joints. 2. Distinct, clear.
a. speech, the communication of ideas by spoken
words.

articulatio (ar-tik-u-la'-she-o) [L., a joint]. A
joint; see articulation, a. acromioclavicularis, acro-
mioclavicular joint, a. atlantoepistrophica, joint
between atlas and epistropheus or axis. a. atlanto-
occipitalis, joint between atlas and occipital bone.
a. carpometacarpea pollicis, carpometacarpal joint of
the thumb, a. calcaneocuboidea, calcaneocuboid
joint, a. cochlearis, spiral joint, a. composita,
compound joinc. a. coxae, hip-joint, a. cricoary-
taenoidea, arycorniculate synchondrosis. a. crico-
thyreoidea, cricothyreoid articulation, a. cubiti,
elbow-joint. a. cuneonavicularis, cuneonavicular
joint, a. ellipsoidea, elliptical joint, a. genu, knee
joint, a. humeri, shoulder-joint, a. humeroradialis,
humeroradial articulation, a. humeroulnaris, hu-
mero-ulnar articulation, a. incudomalleolaris, joint
between anvil and hammer, a. incudostapedia, joint
between anvil and stirrup, a. intercarpea, inter-
carpal articulation, carpal joints, a. mandibularis,
jaw-joint, a. manus, joint of the hand. a. ossis
pisoformis, joint of the pisiform bone. a. radioul-
naris distalis, inferior radio-ulnar joint, a. radioul-
naris proximalis, superior radio-ulnar joint. a.
sacroiliaca, sacro-iliac joint, a. sellaris, saddle joint.
a. simplex, simple joint, a. sphaeroidea, spherical
joint, a. sternoclavicularis, sternoclavicular joint.
a. talocalcanea, talocalcanean joint, a. talocal-
caneonavicularis, talocalcaneonavicular joint. a.
talocruralis, ankle-joint. a. talonavicularis, talo-
navicular joint. a. tarsi transversa (Choparti),
Chopart's transverse articulation of the tarsus.
a. tibiofibularis, superior tibiofibular articulation.
a. trochoidea, trochoid or pivot joint.
* articulation (ar-tik-u-la'-shun )[articulus, a joint].
I. A joint; a connection between two or more bones,
whether or not allowing movement between them.
The articulations are divided into: (1) Synarthroses,
immovable, subdivided into schindyleses, or grooved
joints; gomphoses, in sockets, as the teeth; and
suturce, as in the bones of the skull; (2) diarthroses,
or movable joints, subdivided into the arthrodia, or
gliding joints; the ginglymus, or hinge-like; the
enarthroses, or ball-and-socket joints; (3) amphi-
arthroses, or those of a mixed type. 2. The enuncia-
tion of spoken speech. 3. The articulating contact
of the cusps in the positions of mastication, a.,
false, one formed between the end of a dislocated
bone and the contiguous parts or between the parts

of a broken bone. Syn., pseudarthrosis. a., supple-
mentary, a false articulation in which the ends of
the fragments become rounded and covered with a
fibrous capsule.

articulationes (ar-tik-u-la-she-o'-nez) [L. pi., of
articulatio}. Joints, a. capitulorum, capitular joints
or articulations between the heads of the ribs and
the vertebra?, a. carpometacarpeae, carpometacarpal
joints, a. costotransversariae, costotransverse joints.
a. costovertebrales, joints between ribs and vertebrae.
a. digitorum manus, joints of the fingers, a. digi-
torum pedis, joints of the toes. a. interchondrales,
interchondral joints, a. intermetacarpeaa, intermeta-
carpal joints, a. intermetatarseae, intermetav.arsal
joints, a. intertarseas, intertarsal joints, a. meta-
carpophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints. a.
metatarsophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal joints.
a. ossiculorum auditus, joints of the auditory ossicles.
a. manus, joints of the hand. a. pedis, joints of the
foot. a. sternocostales, sternocostal joints.

articulator (ar-tik'-u-la-tor) [articulus, a joint].
An instrument used in mechanical dentistry for
holding the models in position while the artificial
teeth are being arranged and antagonized upon the
plates.

articulatory {ar-tik'-u-la-tor-e). Relating to articu-
lation.

articulo mortis, in (ar-tik'-u-lo morf-tis) [L.]. At
the moment of death. In the act of dying.

articulus (ar-tik'-u-ius) [dim. of artus, a. joint; pi.
and gen., articuli}. 1. A joint; a knuckle. 2. A seg-
ment; a part; a limb. 3. A moment of time.

artifact (ar'-te-fakt). See artefact.

artificial (ar-te-fish'-al) [artificialis]. Made or
imitated by art. a. anus, an opening in the abdomen
or loin to give exit to the feces, a. eye, a film of
glass, celluloid, rubber, etc., made in imitation of the
front part of the globe of the eye, and worn in the
socket or over a blind eye for cosmetic reasons,
a. feeding, the feeding of an infant by other means
than mother's milk. a. leech. See leech, artificial.
a. palate. See palate, artificial, a. pupil, the result
of removal of a piece of the iris (iridectomy, iridodi-
alysis, etc.) to allow the light to pass through the
opening, a. respiration, the aeration of the blood by
artificial means — a method of inducing the normal
function of respiration, as in asphyxia neonatorum,
drowning, etc. The chief methods are: — Bain's,
Byrd's, Calliano's, Dew's, Forest's, Hall's, Howard's,
Laborde's, Pacini's, Rosenthal's, S alter thwaite's,
Schafer's, Schroeder's, Schullze's, and Sylvester's, q. v.

artistomia (ar-le-sto' -me-ah) [apn, exactly; arona,
a mouth]. 1. Distinctness in utterance. 2. The
condition of an aperture, especially in surgicai
incisions, in which the size is perfectly adapted to
the purpose.

artiyls (ar'-te-ils) [apnos, complete]. Loewig's
name for hydrocarbons of the general formula Cnll2n.

Artocarpus (ar-to-kar'-pus) [apros, bread; Kapirbs,
a fruit]. A genus of trees of the order Urticacece,
including the breadfruit-tree, A. incisa. A. blumei
is an East Indian species with an edible fruit, the
oil of which is used in diarrhea; an ointment from
the buds and leaves is applied to buboes. A. inte-
grifolia, native in India, is prized for its wood; the
root is used in diarrhea and as an external appli-
cation in leprosy ; the root-bark is used as a vermifuge.

artus (ar'-tus) [L.: pi., artus], A joint; a limb; the
joints collectively.

aryepiglottic (ar-e-ep-e-glot'-ik). Same as ary-
tenoepiglottic.

aryl (ar'-il). A chemical prefix denoting an organic
radical belonging to the aromatic series.

arylarsonates (ar-il-ar'-so-nals). Aromatic organic
salts of arsenic, such as atoxyl, soamin and six hundred
and six.

arytenectomy (ar-e-len-ek'-to-me). See arytenoid-
ectomy.

arytenoepiglottic (ar-it-en-o-ep-e-glol'-ik) [bpiiraiva,
a pitcher; udos likeness; iiri, upon; yXwrris, glottis].
Eclating to an arytenoid cartilage and to the epi-
glottis; as the arytenoepiglGltic fold (or folds), con-
sisting of a fold of mucous membrane that extends
from each arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis.

arytenoid (ar-if -en-oid) [6,pvraiva, a pitcher; eldos,
likeness]. 1. Resembling the mouth of a pitcher.
2. Pertaining to the arytenoid cartilages, a. car-
tilages, two cartilages of the larynx regulating, by
means of the attached muscles, the tension of the
vocal bands, a. glands, muciparous glands, found

ARYTENOIDECTOMY

95

ASCITES

in large numbers along the posterior margin of the
arytenoepiglottic fold in front of the arytenoid
cartilages, a. muscle, a muscle arising from the
posterior surface of one arytenoid cartilage and
inserted into the corresponding parts of the other.
It is composed of three planes of fibers, two oblique
and one transverse. It draws the arytenoid cartilages
together.

arytenoidectomy (ar-e-ten-oid-ek'-to-me) [arytenoid;
eKTOfiri, a cutting-out]. Removal of an arytenoid
cartilage.

arytenoiditis (ar-e-ten-oid-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the arytenoid cartilage or muscles.

arythmia (ar-ith'-me-ah). See arrhythmia.

arythmic (ar-ith'-mik). See arrhythmic.

A. S. Abbreviation for Latin auris sinistra, the
left ear.

As. i. Chemical symbol for arsenic. 2. Abbrevi-
ation for astigmatism.

asa (a'-sah) [Pers., aza, mastic]. A gum. a. dul-
cis, benzoin; also the drug called laser.

asab [Ar.]. An African venereal disease said to
differ from syphilis.

asafetida, asafcetida (as-a-fet'-id-ah) [asa, gum;
fcetida, stinking]. A gum-resin obtained from the
root of Ferula fcstida. It is slightly soluble in alcohol
and forms an emulsion with water. Its properties
are due to a light volatile oil. It is antispasmodic,
stimulating, expectorant, and is used in hysteria and
in bronchial affections. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3
Gm.). a., emulsion of (emulsum asafcetidce, U. S. P.),
a 4 % emulsion of asafetida. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60
Cc). Syn., milk of asafetida. a., pills of (pilulcz
asafcetida, U. S. P.), composed of asafetida, soap,
and water. Dose 1-3. a., tincture of (tinctura
asafcetidce, U. S. P.), strength, 20 %. Dose 10-30
min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). Dewees' carminative (mistura
magnesice et asafcetidce) is an unofficial preparation
composed of magnesium carbonate, 5; tincture of
asafetida, 7; tincture of opium, 1; sugar, 10; distilled
water, sufficient to make 100 parts. Dose i dr.-| oz.
(1-15 Cc).

asaphia (as-a'-fe-ah) [a, priv.; <ra<j>r)s, clear]. Indis-
tinctness of utterance, especially that due to cleft
palate.

asaprol (as'-ap-rol), CaC2oHi4S208 +3H2O. Cal-
cium betanaphthol-a-monosulphonate, a substance
readily soluble in water and alcohol, and recom-
mended in asthma, tonsillitis, and acute articular
rheumatism, in doses of from 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.).

asarcia (ah-sar'-se-ah) [&, priv.; ffdp£, flesh].
Emaciation; leanness.

asarin (as'-ar-in). Same as asarone.

asarol (asf-ar-ol) [asarum; oleum, oil], CioHisO.
A camphor-like body derived from asarum.

asarone (as'-ar-on) [aaapov, asarabacca], C20H26O5.
Asarin. The solid component of the oil from Asarum
europceum. It forms monoclinic prisms, has an
aromatic taste, and smells like camphor.

Asarum (as'-ar-um) [aaapov, asarabacca]. A genus
of aristolochiaceous plants. A. canadense, called
wild ginger, Canada snakeroot, with other North
American species, is used chiefly in domestic practice.
It is a fragrant, aromatic stimulant. Dose of fluid-
extract 15 min.-| dr. (1-2 Cc). A. europceum has
diaphoretic, emetic, purgative, and diuretic qualities,
but is now little used except in veterinary practice.

asbestiform (as-best' -e-form) [asbestos]. Fibrous in
structure.

asbestos (as-bes'-tos) [a<r(ie<rTos, unquenchable],
A soft fibrous mineral made up of flexible or elastic
filaments, and the best nonconductor of heat known.
Mixed with plast tx it is used in mechanical dentistry
as a substitute for sand to form the investment
preparatory to soldering. It has also a limited use
in surgery.

asbolic, asbolicous, asbolicus (as-bol'-ik, ' -us)
[aafldXos, sooc]. Sooty; due to soot; e. g., carcinoma
scroti asbolicum.

asbolin (as'-bol-in) [see asbolic]. A bitter, acrid, yel-
low oil extracted from soot; it is used in tuberculosis.

ascariasis (as-kar-i'-as-is) [ascaris]. The symptoms
produced by the presence of ascarides in the gastro-
intestinal canal.

ascaricide (as-kar'-is-id) ascaris; ccedere, to kill].
A medicine that kills ascarides.

Ascaridas (as-kar'-ede) [ascaris]. A family of
nematode worms, to which belongs the round-worm
(Ascaris lumbricoides) and the threadworm (Oxyuris
vermicularis).

ascarides (as-kar'-id-ez). Plural of ascaris.

ascaridiasis (as-kar-id-i'-as-is). The presence ot
ascarides in the intestine.

Ascaris (as'-kar-is) [iaKapls, a species of intestinal
worm; pi. ascarides]. A genus of parasitic worms
inhabiting the intestine of most animals. A. alata,
a variety that has rarely been found in man. A.
lumbricoides, a variety found in the ox, hog, and man.
It inhabits the small intestine, especially of children.
A. mystax, the roundworm of the cat, rarely found in
man. A. trichiuris, the whip-worm. A. vermicularis.
Synonym of Oxyuris vermicularis.

ascending (as-end'-ing) vascendere, to rise]. Taking
an upward course; rising (as parts of the aorta and
colon, and as one of the venae cava;), a. aorta, the
first part of the aorta, a. colon, the first part of the
colon, a. current, in electricity, one going from
the periphery to a nerve-center, a. degeneration, a
degeneration of the nerve-fibers extending from the
periphery' to the center, or, in the spinal cord, from
below upward toward the brain, a. metamorphosis,
same as anabolism. a. paralysis. See paralysis,
ascending, a. tracts, the centripetal tracts of the
spinal cord, carrying afferent impulses.

Asch's operation [ash) [Morris J. Asch, American
physician]. For deviation of nasal septum; it
consists in a crucial incision over the deflection,
taking up the segments, reduction of the deflection,
and insertion of a tube to hold the segments in
place.

Ascherson's vesicles (ash'-er-sun) [Ferdinand
Moricz Ascherson, German physician, 1798-1879].
The peculiar small globules formed when oil and an
albuminous fluid are agitated together; formerly
thought to be cells.

ascheturesis (as-ket-u-re'-sis) [ao-xeros, resistless;
avprtais, urination]. An uncontrollable desire to
urinate; irrepressible urination.

aschistodactylism (as-kis-lo-dak'-til-izm) [d<rxto"ros,
uncloven; S&ktvKos, finger]. A synonym of syndac-
tylism.

aschistodactylous (as-kis-to-dak'-til-us). Affected
with syndactylism.

Aschoff bodies (ah'-shoff) [Ludwig Aschoff, German
pathologist, 1886- ]. Nodular bodies found in
the myocardium in patients who have suffered from
rheumatism.

ascia (ah'-se-ah or as'-ke-ah) [a, priv.; axid,
shadow]. A spiral bandage applied without reverses,
each turn of which overlaps the preceding for about
one-third of its width. Dolabra repens is the same
as the preceding, but the spirals are formed more
obliquely and do not overlap each other, but are
separated by a greater or less interval. Syn., dolabra
currens; fascia spiralis.

ascites (as-i'-tez) [&<77ar»js, a kind of dropsy; from
&<ric6s, a bag]. An abnormal collection of serous
fluid in the peritoneal cavity; dropsy of the peri-
toneum. It is either local in origin or part of a
general dropsy. The ascitic fluid is usually clear,
yellow, and coagulates on standing. It may be
turbid, blood-stained, and contain lymph-particles
or shreds. There are uniform enlargement of the
abdomen, fluctuation, percussion-dulness. Its usual
cause is cirrhosis of the liver. Syn., abdominal
dropsy; hydroperitoneum ; hydrops peritoncei. See
Duparque's method for detecting ascites, a., active,
a., acute, that in which there is a sudden large effusion
due to exposure or cold. a. adiposus, ascites char-
acterized by a fluid, milky appearance, due to the
presence in it of numerous cells that have undergone
fatty degeneration and solution. It is seen in certain
cases of carcinoma, tuberculosis, and other chronic
inflammations of the peritoneum. Syn., ascites
oleosus. a. chylosus, the presence of chyle in the
peritoneal cavity. It follows rupture of a chyle-duct.
a. intercus, an effusion occurring between the skin
and the peritoneum, a. intermuscularis, edema of
the adbominal muscles, a., mechanical, a., passive,
that due to diseases which retard the blood-current in
the portal vein. a. saccatus. 1. A form in which
the effusion is prevented by adhesions or inflamma-
tory exudate from entering the general peritoneal
cavity. Syn., encysted dropsy of the peritoneum.
2. An ovarian cystoma, a., sanguineous, a bloody
form affecting sheep and lambs. Syn., diarrhemia.
a. vaginalis, a collection of liquid within the sheath
of the rectus abdominis muscle, a. vulgatior, a form
apparently due to diseased kidneys, and preceded by
scanty, highly colored urine.

ASCITIC

96

ASPERMIA

ascitic (as-it'-ik) [see ascites]. Pertaining to or
affected with ascites.

asclepiadin (as-kle-pi'-ad-in) [asclepias]. A bitter
glucoside obtainable from various species of Asclepias.
It is poisonous, and has emetic, purgative, and
sudorific properties.

Asclepias (as-kle'-pe-as) [dox\ij7n.ds]. I. Pleurisy-
root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa. A popular
remedy in the Southern States for pleurisy. It is
diaphoretic, emetic, and cathartic. The infusion
recommended has a strength of i oz. of the powdered
root to 32 oz. of water. Dose a teacupful every
3 or 4 hours. 2. A genus of plants of the order
Asclepiadacece. A. curassavica, blood-flower, is an
herb common to tropical America; astringent, styptic,
and anthelmintic against the tape-worm. Dose of
fluidextract 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). A. longifolia,
of the western United States, is diaphoretic.

asclepin (as'-kle-pin) [asclepias]. 1. A poisonous
principle obtainable from asclepiadin by the separa-
tion of glucose from the latter. 2. The precipitate
from a tincture of Asclepias tuberosa; alterative,
evacuant, tonic, sedative. Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26
Gm.).

asclepion (as-kle'-pe-on). A resinous substance,
C20H34O3, obtained from Asclepias syriaca.

Ascococcus (as-ko-kok'-us) [ascus; kokkos, a kernel].
A genus of the family of Schizomycetes. The Asco-
cocci are microorganisms made up of round or ovoid
cells, united in massive colonies, and surrounded by
tough, thick, gelatinous envelopes, a. Billrothii, a
form found in putrid meat; its natural habitat is
the air; it is probably not pathogenic.

Ascoidium (as-ko-id' -e-um) [ascus; elSos, likeness].
A genus of Infusoria found in the urine and feces of
typhoid fever patients, in sewage, in the excrement
of cattle, and in the cecum of swine.

Ascomycetes (as-ko-mi-se'-tez). A group of fungi,
including aspergillus and oidium.

ascospore (as'-ko-spor) [ascus; airbpos, spore].
A spore produced by or in an ascus.

ascus (as'-kus) [&<tk6s, a bag or bladder]. - The
characteristic spore-case of some fungi and lichens,
usually consisting of a single terminal cell containing
eight spores.

-ase (as). A termination denoting an enzyme;
thus lipase, a fat -splitting enzyme.

asecretory (ah-se'-kret-o-re) [a, priv.; secretus,
separate]. Dry; without secretion.

Aselli's glands or pancrease [Gaspar Aselli, Italian
anatomist, 1581-1626]. A group of lymphatic
glands situated at the root of the mesentery.

aselline (as-el'-en). A poisonous ieukomaine found
in cod-liver oil.

asemasia (ah-sem-a' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; arj/xaaia, a
signaling]. Absence of the power to communicate
either by signs or by language.

asemia (ah-se'-me-ah) [&, priv.; <jrjp.a, sign]. In-
ability to form, express, or understand any sign,
token, or symbol of thought or feeling, whether
speech,_ writing or gesture, a. mimica. See amimia.
a. spuria. See parasemia.

asepsin (ah-sep'-sin). See antisepsin.

asepsis (ah-sep'-sis) [d, priv.; a^vs, putrefaction].
Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.

aseptic (ah-sep' -tik) [a, priv.; ^xros, septic].
Free from pathogenic bacteria, as aseptic wounds.
a. surgery, the mode of surgical practice in which
everything that is used, as well as the wound, is in a
germ-free condition.

asepticism (ah-sep' -tis-izm) [see aseptic]. The
doctrine or principles of aseptic surgery.

asepticize (ah-sep' -tis-iz) [see aseptic]. To render
aseptic.

aseptin (ah-sep' -tin) [see aseptic]. A proprietary
preparation containing boric acid, used for pre-
serving articles of food.

aseptol (ah-sep' -tol) [see aseptic], C6H6SO4. A
reddish liquid, with an odor of phenol, recom-
mended as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is used
externally (i to 10 % solution) and internally in
about the same dose as phenol. Syn., sozolic acid;
phenolsulphonic acid.

aseptolin (ah-sep' -tol-in) . A preparation of pilo-
carpine (0.018 %) in an aqueous solution of phenol
(2.74%); it is used in tuberculosis and in malaria.
Dose 50-70 min. (3-4 Cc.) daily, injected subcu-
taneously.

asexual (ah-seks'-u-al) [d, priv.; sexus, sex]. With-
out sex; nonsexual.

asexualization (ah-seks-u-al-iz-a'-shun). Removal
of the testicles in the male, or of the ovaries in the
female.

As. H. Abbreviation for hyperoptic astigmatism.

ash [ME., asch]. 1. The incombustible mineral
residue that remains when a substance is incinerated.
2. See manna, a. manna. See manna, a., prickly.
See xanthoxylum.

asialia (as-e-a'-le-ah) [&, priv.; <ria\ov, spittle].
Deficiency or failure of the secretion of saliva.

Asiatic (a-zhe-at'-ik) [Asia]. Pertaining or belong-
ing to Asia. A. cholera. See cholera, Asiatic. A.
pill, a pill composed of arsenic trioxide, black pepper,
powdered licorice, and mucilage.

Asimina (as-im-e'-nah) [L.]. A genus of trees.
A. triloba is the papaw tree of North America.

asitia (ah-sW -e-ah) [d, priv.; alros, food]. The
want of food; also a loathing for food.

askelia (ah-skel' -e-ah) [d, priv.; ovceXos, leg]. Non-
development of the legs.

As. M. Abbreviation for myopic astigmatism.

asoma (ah-so'-mah) [&, priv.; acbp.a, body]. A
species of omphalositic monster characterized by an
absence of the trunk. The head is never well
formed, and the vessels run from it to the placenta
in the membranes. Beneath the head is a sac in
which rudiments of body-organs may be found.
This is the rarest form of omphalosites.

asomus (ah-so'-mus) [d, priv.; <ru>ij.a, body]. A
monster with only a rudimentary body.

asonia (ah-so'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; sonus, a sound].
Tone-deafness.

aspalasoma (as-pal-as-o'-mah) [do-xdXa?, mole;
<rw/za, body]. A variety of single autositic monsters
of the species Celosoma, in which there is a lateral or
median eventration occupying principally the lower
portion of the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus,
the genital apparatus, and the rectum opening
externally by three distinct orifices.

asparagine (as-par'-aj-en) [asparagus], C4H8N2O3.
An alkaloid found in the seeds of many plants, in
asparagus, beet-root, peas, and beans. It forms
shining, four-sided, rhombic prisms, readily soluble
in hot water, but not in alcohol or ether. It is an
amid of aspartic acid, and forms compounds with
both acids and bases. It is diuretic. Asparagine
hydrargyrate has been used as an antisyphilitic, in
doses of £ gr. (0.01 Gm.) hypodermatically.

asparaginic acid. See acid, asparaginic.

Asparagus (as-par'-ag-us) [6.0-rrapayos, asparagus].
1. The green root of Asparagus officinalis, a mild
diuretic. Dose of fluidextract |-i dr. (2-4 Cc).
Unof. 2. A genus of plants belonging to the order
Liliacecc. A. acutifolius, a species of southern
Europe, is said to be more efficient medicinally than
A. officinalis. A. racemosus and A. sarmenlosus, of
the old world tropics, are employed in the same
manner as salep; an infusion of the root of A. sar-
mentosus is used to prevent the confluence of small-
pox pustules.

asparamide (as-par'-am-id). See asparagine.

asparolin (as-par'-ol-in). A brown liquid said to
consist of guaiac, asparagus, parsley, black haw,
and henbane. It is used as an antispasmodic
uterine tonic. Dose, 2-4 drams in hot water.
• aspartic acid (as-par'-tik). See acid, aspartic.

aspastic (ah-spas'-tik). Not spastic.

aspergillin (as-per-jil'-in) [aspergillus]. A pig-
ment obtained from the spores of Aspergillus niger.
Syn., vegetable hematin.

aspergillosis (as-per-jil-o'-sis). Pseudotubercu-
losis; morbid lesions due to some species of Asper-
gillus.

Aspergillus (as-per-jil'-us) [aspergere, to sprinkle].
A genus of fungi. A. auricularis, a fungus found in
the wax of the ear. A. fumigatus, found in the ear,
nose, and lungs. A. glaucus, the bluish mold found
,upon dried fruit. A.-keratitis, corneal inflammation
due to invasion by a fungus belonging to the genus
Aspergillus. Syn., Keratomycosis aspergillina. A.
mucoroides, a species found in tuberculous or
gangrenous lung tissue. A.-mycosis. See otomycosis.

aspermatic (ah-sper-mat'-ik) [d, priv.; cnrkpua,
seed]. Affected with or relating to aspermatism.

aspermatism (ah-sper'-mat-izm) [d, priv.; airepua,
seed]. 1. Non-emission of semen, whether owing to
non-secretion or non-ejaculation. 2. Defective
secretion of semen or lack of formation of sper-
matozoa.

aspermia (ah-sper'-me-ah). Same as aspermatism.

ASPERMOUS

97

ASTASIA

aspermous {ah-sper' -mus) [see aspermalic]. With-
out seed.

asperous {as'-per-us) [asper, rough]. Uneven;
having a surface with distinct minute elevations.

aspersion (as-per'-shun) [asper gere, to sprinkle].
Treatment of disease by sprinkling the body or the
affected part with a medicinal agent.

aspersus {as-per'-sus) [see aspersion]. Covered
with scattered dots or punctures.

asphalgesia {as-fal-je'-ze-ah) [aa-cj>i, their own;
aXyrjcns, pain]. Pitres' term for a condition observed
in hypnotism, in which intense pain follows the
touching of certain articles, and prolonged contact
produces convulsions.

asphyctic, asphyctous {as-fik'-tik, -tus) [asphyxia].
I. Affected with asphyxia. 2. Pulseless.

asphyxia {as-fiks'-e-ah) [a, priv.; cr<£i>£is, the pulse].
Suffocation; the suspension of vital phenomena
resulting when the lungs are deprived of oxygen.
The excess of carbon dioxide in the blood at first
stimulates, then paralyzes, the respiratory center of
the medulla. Artificial respiration is therefore
required in cases of asphyxia, a. cataphora, that
with brief incomplete remissions, a., lethargic, deep
sleep accompanying mental and physical torpor.
a., local, that stage of Raynaud's disease in which
the affected parts are dusky red from intense con-
gestion, a. neonatorum, the asphyxia of the new-
born from any cause, a. sideratorum, loss of con-
sciousness from lightning-stroke, a., solar, a. Solaris,
sunstroke, a., syncopal, a form of asphyxia in which
the heart-cavities are found vacant, a. valsalviana,
syncope due to disturbance of cardiac functions.

asphyxial {as-fik' -se-al) . Relating to or charac-
terized by asphyxia.

asphyxiant (as-fiks'-e-anf) [see asphyctic]. 1. Pro-
ducing asphyxia. 2. An agent capable of producing
asphyxia.

asphyxiate {as-fiks'-e-at) [see asphyctic]. To pro-
duce or cause asphyxia.

aspic {as'-pik) [a and spic, lavender spike]. The
great lavender, or spike lavender, Lavandula spica.
Its oil is at present used in veterinary practice and
occasionally in liniments.

aspidin (as'-pid-in) [Aspidium, a genus of ferns].
C23H27O7. An active principle obtained from male-
fern.

aspidiopsoriasis (as-pid-e-o-so-ri'-as-is) [a<TirL8iov,
a little shield; psoriasis]. A form of psoriasis marked
by the formation of scutiform scales.

Aspidium (as-pid'-e-um) (L.; gen., aspidii]. 1. A
genus of ferns known as shield-ferns. 2. The rhizome
of Aspidium filix-mas and of A. marginale, or mala-
fern. Its propesfcies are due to a resin containing
filicic acid. It is valuable chiefly against tape-worm.
Dose I dr.-| oz. (2-15 Cc). a., liquid extract of
{extr actum filicis liquidum, B. P.). Dose 15 min-
1 dr. (1-4 Cc). a., oleoresin of {oleoresina aspidii,
U. S. P.), an ethereal extract. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc).

aspidol (as'-pid-ol) [Aspidium, a genus of ferns].
C20H34O. A substance isolated from malefern.

aspidosamin {as-pid-os'-am-in), C22H28N2O2. A
basic principle from quebracho bark. It is emetic.

Aspidosperma {as-pid-o-sper' -mah) [&<nris, a shield;
airepua, a seed]. A genus of apocynaceous trees, of
which the quebracho is the most important.

aspidospermatin (as-pid-o-sper' -mat-in) [do-xts,
a shield; cnrepua, seed]. A basic substance, from
quebracho bark, said to be isomeric with aspidosa-
mine and to depress the temperature when admin-
istered.

aspidospermine {as-pid-o-sper' -men) [see aspido-
sperma], C22H30N2O2. An alkaloid extracted from
quebracho {Aspidosperma quebracho). It is a respira-
tory stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose 1-2 gr.
(0.065-0.13 Gm.).

aspiration {as-pir-a' -shun) [ad, to; spirare, to
breathe]. 1. The act of sucking up or sucking in;
inspiration; imbibition. 2. The act of using the
aspirator. 3. A method of withdrawing the fluids
and gases from a cavity, a. pneumonia. See pneu-
monia, aspiration.

aspirator {as' -pir-a-tor) [see aspiration]. An ap-
paratus for withdrawing liquids from cavities by
means of suction.

aspirin {as'-pir-in). The acetic-acid ester of
salicylic acid; small needles without color or taste,
used as an antipyretic and analgesic, as is sodium
salicylate. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., acetyl
salicylic acid.

aspirolithin {as-pir-o-lith'-in). A proprietary
combination of aspirin and lithium.

aspirophen {as-pi' -ro-f en). A mixture containing
salicylic acid and monacetyl phenocoll; it is said to
be antirheumatic and antipyratic Dose 10-15 gr.
(0.6-1.0 gm.).

Asplenium {as-ple'-ne-um). A genus of ferns called
spleen-worts, or miltwastes.

asporogenic {ah-spor-o-jen'-ik) [&, priv.; airopos,
seed; yev-qs, producing]. Not reproducing by means
of spores; not producing spores.

asporogenous {as-por-oj'-en-us). Same as asporo-
genic.

asporous {ah-spo;-rus) [&, priv.; awopos, seed].
Without spores.

assafetida {as-a-fet'-id-ah). See asafelida.

assanation {as-an-a'-shun) [ad, to; sanare, to make
sound]. The improvement of sanitary conditions.

assault {as-awlt') [assalire, to assail]. An attack.
a., criminal, in medical jurisprudence, the touching
or attempting to touch, on the part of a male, any
of the sexual organs (the breasts included) of a female
against her will, even though they be covered by
clothing.

assay {as-a') [Fr., assayer], 1. The testing or
analysis of a metal or drug to determine the relative
proportion of its constituents. 2. The substance
thus tested. 3. The process of assaying.

Assegat, triangle of. See under Assezat.

asselline {as-el'-en). A poisonous leukomaine
obtained from cod-liver-oil.

Assezat, triangle of, {ah-sa-zah') [Jules Assezat,
French anthropologist, 1832- ]. A triangle formed
by lines uniting the projection of the nasion on the
alveolo-condylar plane and the alveolar and nasal
points and one uniting the two latter.

assident {as'-id-ent) [assidere, to sit by]. Usually,
but not always, accompanying a disease; as, assident
symptoms. Opposed to pathognomonic.

assideration {as-id-er-a'-shun) [ad, intensive;
sideratio, an evil influence]. In forensic medicine,
infanticide by immersing in ice-cold water.

assimilable {as-im'-il-a-bl) [assimulare, to make
like]. Capable of being assimilated; nutritious.

assimilation {as-im-il-a' -shun) [see assimilable].
The process of transforming food into so nutrient a
condition that it is taken up by the circulatory
system, to form an integral part of the economy;
synthetic or constructive metabolism; anabolism.
a.-limit, the amount of starchy or saccharine food
which a person can ingest without the appearance of
glycosuria, a., mental, the mental reception of
impressions and their assignment by the conscious-
ness to their proper place, a., primary, that con-
cerned in the conversion of food into chyle and blood.
a., secondary, that relating to the formation of the
organized tissues of the body.

associated {as-o'-se-a-ied) [associatus, united].
Joined, a. movements, coincident or consensual
movements of muscles other than the leading one,
and which, by habit or unity of purpose, are invol-
untarily connected with its action: both eyeballs
move alike in reading, though one be a blind eye.
Movement of the normal arm will sometimes produce
slight motion of the opposite paralyzed arm. Uni-
formity of innervation is usually the cause of these
movements, a. paralysis, a. spasm, a common
paralysis or spasm of associated muscles.

association center {as-so-se-a'-shun). The center
controlling associated movements, a. c, anterior,
that part of the frontal cortex anterior to the motor
area. a. c, middle, the island of Reil. a. c, pos-
terior, that part of the cortex situated between the
sensory area at the equator and the area for vision
in the occipital lobe.

association test. A word is mentioned to the
patient, and the physician observes what other
words the patient will give as the ones suggested to
him by the first word. The time consumed in this
process is also noted.

assonance {as'-o-nans) [assonare, to respond to].
A morbid tendency to employ alliteration.

assuetude {as'-su-e-tud). Habituation to disturbing
influences; the condition of the organism in which it
has acquired such tolerance for a drug or poison that
the effect it once had is lost.

assurin {as'-u-rin), C46H97N2P2O9. A name given
by Thudichum to a complex substance occurring in
brain tissue.

astasia {ah-sia'-se-ah) [a, priv.; ardcns, standing].

ASTATIC

98

ASTRAGALOCALCANEAN

Motor incoordination for standing, a.-abasia, a
symptom consisting in inability to stand or walk
in a normal manner. The person affected seems to
collapse when attempting to walk.

astatic (ah-stat'-ik). Having no directive tendency.
a. needle, an apparatus consisting of two needles of
equal magnetic moments and exactly reversed in
direction.

asteatosis (as-te-at-o'-sis) [&, priv.; trrkap, tallow;
d)5r}s, fulness]. i. A deficiency or absence of the
sebaceous secretion. 2. Any skin disease (as xero-
derma) characterized by scantiness or lack of the
sebaceous secretion.- a. cutis, a condition of dimin-
ished sebaceous secretion, as the result of which the
skin becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured.

aster (as'-ier) [&<rrrip, a star]. 1. The stellate
structure surrounding the centrosome. 2. The stellar
group of chromosomes during karyokinesis.

astereognosis (ah-ste-re-og-no'-sis) [&, priv. ; arepeos,
solid; ypwas, knowledge]. Inability to recognize
objects by the sense of touch, due to lesion in the
central parietal lobule. Syn., stereoagnosis. Cf.,
aphasia, tactile.

asterion (as-te'-re-on) [aster]. A point on the
skull corresponding to the junction of the occipital,
parietal, and temporal bones.

asternal (ah-ster'-nal) [&, priv.; arkpvov, the
breast-bone]. 1. Without a sternum. 2. Not con-
nected with the sternum, a. ribs, the five lower
pairs, because not joined directly to the sternum.

asternia (ah-ster'-ne-ah) [see asternal]. Absence of
the sternum.

asteroid (as'-ter-oid) [aster; eldos, likeness].
1. Stellate. 2. See astrocyte.

asterol (as'-ler-ol). Trade name of a preparation
of paraphenolsulphonate of mercury and ammonium
tartrate; it is used as a surgical antiseptic and
bactericide.

asthenia (ah-sthe'-ne-ah) [&, priv.; aOkvos, strength].
Absence of strength ; adynamia. Syn., lipopsychia.

asthenic (ah-sthen'-ik) [see asthenia]. Charac-
terized by asthenia.

asthenogenia, asthenogenesis (ah-slhen-o-je'-ne-ah,
ah-sthen-o-jen'-es-is) [asthenia; yewav, to produce].
* The production of asthenia.

asthenometer (ah-sthen-om'-et-er) [asthenia; \ikrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for detecting and measur-
ing asthenia; especially, a device for measuring mus-
cular asthenopia.

asthenope {as' -then-op). A person suffering from
asthenopia.

asthenopia (ah-sthen-o'-pe-ah) [asthenia; &[» eye].
Weakness of the ocular muscles or of visual power,
due to errors of refraction, heterophoria, overuse,
anemia, etc. a., accommodative, that due to hyper-
opia, astigmatism, or a combination of the two,
producing strain of the ciliary muscle, a., muscular,
that due to weakness, incoordination (heterophoria),
or strain of the external ocular muscles, a., nervous,
a., retinal, a rare variety, caused by retinal hyperes-
thesia, anesthesia, or other abnormity, or by general
nervous affections, a. tarsal, that due to pressure
of the eyelids on the cornea.

asthenopic (ah-sthen-op'-ik) [see asthenopia]. Char-
acterized by asthenopia.

asthenoxia {as-then-ok'-se-ah) [asthenia; oxygen].
Insufficient oxidation of the waste products of
metabolism.

asthma (az'-mah) [aadp.a, panting]. A paroxysmal
affection of the bronchial tubes characterized by
dyspnea, cough, and a feeling of constriction and
suffocation. The disease is probably a neurosis, and
is due to hyperemia and swelling of the bronchial
mucous membrane, with a peculiar secretion of a
mucin-like substance. The attacks may be caused
by direct irritation of the bronchial mucous mem-
brane or by indirect or reflex irritation, as from the
nose, the stomach, the uterus. When dependent
upon disease of the heart, the kidneys, stomach,
thymus, etc., it has been designated cardiac, renal,
peptic, thymic, etc. a., arthritic. 1. That due to
gout. 2. Angina pectoris, a., bronchial. Same as
asthma, a., cardiac, paroxysmal dyspnea due to
heart disease, a. convulsivum. Synonym of asthma.
a. crystals, acicular crystals (Charcot-Leyden crys-
tals) contained in the sputum of asthmatic patients.
They are generally associated with eosinophil cells.
a. cultrariorum. See fibroid phthisis, a. dyspepti-
cum, asthma due to nervous reflexes through the
vagus, a., fuller's, a. fullorum, a pulmonary affec-

tion due to inhaling particles of wool and dust in the
manufacture of cloth, a., grinders'. See fibroid
phthisis, a., hay-. See hay-fever, a., intrinsic,
that due to direct irritation of the lungs, a., marine.
See beriberi, a., miller's. See laryngismus stridulus.
a., miner's. See anthracosis. a. nervosum. Syn-
onym of asthma, a., organic, asthma of cardiac
origin, a.-paper, niter-paper, a., paralytic bron-
chial, a rare form attributed to a relaxed condition of
the bronchioles, a., pneumobulbar, See's term for a
form attributed to pulmonary irritation transmitted
to the bronchioles by reflexes through the vagus.
a. purulentum, that due to an abscess in the respira-
tory passages, a., renal, a paroxysmal dyspnea
sometimes occurring in the course of Bright 's disease.
a., spasmodic. See asthma, a., thymic. Synonym
of laryngismus stridulus.

asthmatic (az-mat'-ik) [see asthma]. Relating to
or affected with asthma.

asthmaticoscorbutic (az-mat-ik-o-skor-bu'-tik). Re-
lating to asthma and scurvy.

asthmatophthisis (as-mat-o-tis'-is). Pulmonary
tuberculosis attended with asthma. Syn., asth-
matic phthisis.

asthmatorthopnea, asthmorthopnea (az-mat-or-
thop'-ne-ah, az-mor-thop' -ne-ah) [asthma; orthopnea].
Orthopnea due to asthma or respiratory obstruction
located in the chest.

asthma-weed. Lobelia inflata.

asthmogenic (az-mo-jen'-ik) [asthma; yevvav, to
produce]. Causing asthma.

asthmolysin (az-mol'-is-in). A mixture of the
extracts of the suprarenal glands and of the hypo-
physis with some preservative; said to be serviceable
in asthma. It is administered by hypodermic
injection.

astigmagraph (as-tig'-ma-graf) [&, priv.; arlypia.,
a point; ypa<peiv, to write]. An instrument for
illustrating the phenomena of astigmatism.

astigmatic (ah-stig-mat'-ik) [astigmatism]. Per-
taining to or affected with astigmatism.

astigmatism {ah-siig'-mat-izm) [&, priv." <rriyp.a, a
point, because rays of light from a point are not
brought to a point by the refractive media of the
eye]. That condition of the eye in which rays of
light from a point do not converge to a point on the
retina. It is usually due to inequality of curvature
of the different meridians of the cornea (corneal
astigmatism), but may be caused by imperfections
of the lens (lenticular astigmatism), unequal con-
traction of the ciliary muscle, or may perhaps be due
to retinal imperfection. It may be acquired or
congenital, and may complicate hyperopia or myopia,
producing either simple hyperopia, astigmatism., in
which one principal meridian is emmetropic, the
other hyperopic, or compound hyperopic astigmatism,
in which both meridians are hyperopic. but one
more so than the other. Complicating myopia we
may in the same way have simple myopic or com-
pound myopic astigmatism. In mixed astigmatism
one principai meridian is myopic, the other hyperopic.
Regular astigmatism is when the two principal
meridians are at right angles to each other; irregular
astigmatism when different parts of a meridian have
different refracting powers.

astigmatometer (ah-stig-mat-om'-et-er) [astigmat-
ism; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measur-
ing the degree of astigmatism.

astigmia (ah-stig'-me-ah). See astigmatism.

astigmic (ah-stig'-mik). See astigmatic.

astigmometer (ah-stig-mom'-el-er). See astigmato-
meter.

astigmometry (ah-stig-mom'-et-re). The measure-
ment of astigmatism.

astigmoscope (ah-stig'-mo-skop). An instrument
for measuring astigmatism.

astigmoscopy (ah-slig-mos'-kop-e). The measure-
ment of astigmatism by the astigmoscope; the use
of the astigmoscope.

astomatous (ah-sto' -mat-us) [&, priv.; ar6p.a,
mouth]. In biology, without a mouth or aperture.

astomia (ah-sto' -me-ah) [a, priv.; ar6p.a, a mouth].
The condition of having no mouth.

astomous (ah-sto' -mus). See astomatous.

astragalar (as-trag'-al-ar). Relating to the astra-
galus.

astragalectomy (as-trag-al-ek'-lo-me) [astragalus;
iKT6p.ri, excision]. Excision of the astragalus.

astragalocalcanean (as-trag-al-o-kal-ka'-ne-an) . Re-
lating to the astragalus and calcaneum.

ASTRAGALOSCAPHOID

99

ATAXIA

astragaloscaphoid (as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid) . Relating
to the astragalus and the scaphoid bone.

astragalotibial (as-trag-al-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to
the astragalus and the tibia.

astragalus (as-irag'-al-us) [aa-rpayaXos, a die; the
analogous bones of the sheep were used by the ancients
as dice]. The ankle-bone, upon which the tibia rests.

Astragalus. A genus of leguminous plants from
some varieties of which gum tragacanth is derived.
A. mollissimus is the loco-plant. The active prin-
ciple of this plant has mydriatic properties.

astral (as'-tral). Pertaining to an aster.

astraphobia, astrapaphobia (as-trah-fo'-be-ah, as-
trap-af-o'-be-ah) [harpa-irq, lightning; <£6/3os, fear].
Morbid fear of lightning.

astriction (as-trik'-shun) [asctrictio; ad, to; stringer e,
to bind]. Constipation or any condition resulting
from the use of astringents.

astringency (as-trin'-jen-se) [ad, to; stringer e, to
bind]. The quality of being astringent.

astringent (as-trin'-jent) [ad, to; stringer e, to bind].
i. Causing contraction; binding. 2. An agent pro-
ducing contraction of organic tissues, or that arrests
hemorrhages, diarrhea, etc.

astro- (as-tro-) [aarpov, a star]. A prefix meaning
star or star-shaped.

astroblast (as'-tro-blast) [astro-; /SXaoros, a germ].
A variety of glia-cell less differentiated than the endy-
mal cell and astrocytes.

astrocyte (as'-tro-sit) [astro-; kvtos, cell]. 1. One
of the cells derived from the endyma of the embryonic
cerebrospinal canal that, in the course of develop-
ment, wander toward the periphery, undergo modi-
fication, and form one of the two chief divisions of
glia-cells, the other divisions being the original
endymal cells. Syn., Deiiers' cells. 2. A stellate
bone-corpuscle.

astroid (as'-iroid) [aarpov, a star; elSos, resem-
blance]. 1. Star-shaped. 2. An astrocyte.

astrokinetic (as-tro-kin-et'-ik) [astro-; Kiveiv, to
move]. Applied to the phenomena of motion as
exhibited by the centrosomes of cells.

astrophobia (as-tro-fo'-be-ah) [aarpov, a star; <£6/Sos,
fear]. Fear of the stars and celestial space.

astrophorous (as-trof'-or-us) [aarpov, a star; <pepeiv,
to bear]. Having stellate processes.

astrosphere (as'-tro-sfer) [astro-; a-^alpa, sphere].

1. The radially arranged protoplasmic filaments
surrounding the centrosome in a dividing cell.

2. The central mass of the aster, exclusive of the
filaments or rays, in which the centrosome lies.

3. The entire aster exclusive of the centrosome. See
cenirosphere and sphere of attraction.

astrostatic (as-lro-stat'-ik) [astro-; loTavai, to
stand]. Applied to the resting condition of the
centrosomes of cells.

Asturian (as-tu'-re-an). Relating to Asturia, an
old province of Spain. A. rose. 1. Pellagra. Syn.,
rosa asturica; rosa asturiensis. 2. Leprosy.

astyclinic (as-ti-klin'-ik) [acrrv, city; clinic]. Same
as policlinic.

astysia (ah-stiz'-e-ah) [a, priv.; arveiv, to make
erect]. Incomplete power to erect the penis.

asurol (as'-u-rol). A preparation containing
mercury and sodium amido-oxybutyrate- it is used
in syphilis.

asyllabia (ah-sil-a'-be-ah) [&, priv.; <rv\\a(lri, a
syllable], A condition in which individual letters
are recognized, but the formation of syllables and
words is impossible.

asylum (as-i'-lum) [L., "a place of refuge"]. An
institution for the support, safe-keeping, cure, or
education of those incapable of caring for themselves,
such as the insane, the blind, etc. a. ear. See
hcematoma auris under hematoma.

asymbolia (ah-sim-bo' -le-ah) [&, priv.; <rvp.(3o\ov,
symbol]. The loss of all power of communication,
even by signs or symbols.

asymmetric carbon atom (as-im-et'-rik). In stereo-
chemistry, a carbon atom to which four different
univalents are attached.

asymmetry (ah-sim' -el-re) [&, priv.; avp-nerpLa,
symmetry]. 1. Unlikeness of corresponding organs
or parts of opposite sides of the body that are nor-
mally of the same size, etc., e. g., asymmetry of the
two halves of the skull or brain. 2. The linking of
carbon atoms to four different groups; the combina-
tion of carbon atoms with different atoms or atomic
groups, a., meridional. See under astigmatism.
a., unilateral. See hemihy per trophy.

asymphytous (ah-sim' -fit-us). Distinct; not grown
together.

asynclitism (ah-sin '-klil-izm) [&, priv.; avv, to-
gether; /cXiffts, an inclination]. The condition of
obliquity of two or more objects to each other;
e. g., an oblique presentation of the fetal head at
the superior strait of the pelvis.

asynechia (ah-si-ne'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; o-vvkxew, to
hold together]. Absence of continuity in structure.

asynergia (ah-sin-er' -je-ah) . Same as asynergy.

asynergic (ah-sin-ur'-jik). Not acting simul-
taneously or in harmony.

asynergy (ah-sin' -er-je) [a, priv.; avvepyia, co-
operation]. Faulty coordination of the different
organs or muscles normally acting in unison, a.,
progressive locomotor, a., motorial. See ataxia,
locomotor. a., verbal, defective coordination of
speech, as in aphasia, a., vocal, faulty coordination
of the muscles of the larynx due to chorea.

asynesia (ah-sin-e' -ze-ah) [aaweaia, stupidity].
Stupidity; loss or disorder of mental power.

asynetic, asynetous (ah-sin-et'-ik, ah-sin' -et-jis).
Affected with asynesia.

asynodia (ah-sin-o'-de-ah) [a, priv.; avvoUa, a
traveling together]. Sexual impotence.

asynovia (ah-sin-o'-ve-ah) [a, priv.; synovia].
A deficiency of the synovial fluid.

asynthesis (ah-sin' -thesis) [&, priv.; <rw0e<ns, a
putting together]. A faulty connection of parts.

asyntrophy (ah-sin' -tro-fe) [i, priv.; <rvvTpo<pla, a
growing up together]. Absence of symmetry in
growth and development.

asystematic (ah-sis-lem-at'-ik) [&, priv.; ownfata.
system]. Diffuse; not restricted to any one or
several systems of nerve fibers; applied to nervous
diseases that are general.

asystole, asystolia (ah-sis'-to-le, ah-sis-to' -le-ah)
[&, priv.; ava-ToX-n. a shortening]. Imperfect con-
traction of the ventricles of the heart, a., cardia-
taxic, transitory asystole due to accelerated heart-
action, a., cardioplegic. See amyocardia.

asystolic (ah-sis-tol'-ik) [see asystole]. Charac-
terized by asystole.

asystolism (ah-sis'-lol-itm) [&, priv.; a-varoXri, a
shortening]. Inability of the right ventricle of the
heart to empty itself of its contents, a condition
encountered in the last stages of mitral incompetence.
See asystole.

atactic (at-ak'-lik) [oltclktos, irregular]. Irregular;
incoordinate. Pertaining to muscular incoordination,
especially in aphasia.

atactilia (ah-tak-til' -e-ah) . Inability to recognize
tactile impressions.

atavic (at'-av-ik) [atavas, a forefather]. Relating
to or characterized by atavism.

atavism (al'-av-izm) [see atavic]. The reappearance
of a peculiarity in an individual whose more or less
remote progenitors possessed the same peculiarity
but whose immediate ancestors did not present it.

atavistic (at-av-is'-lik). Same as atavic.

ataxaphasia (at-aks-u-fa'-ze-ah). Inability to
arrange words synthetically into sentences.

ataxia (al-aks'-e-ah) [ara^ia, want of order].
Incoordination of muscular action, a., bulbar, tabes
due to a lesion in the pons or oblongata, a., cere-
bellar, a., cerebral, a., spinal, that due to disease of
the cerebellum of the brain or of the spinal cord.
a. cordis. See delirium cordis, a., diphtheritic, a
sequel of diphtheria preceding diphtheritic paralysis,
and in which the chief phenomena of locomotor
ataxia are present, a., family, a., Friedreich's,
a., hereditary. See Friedreich's disease, a., heredi-
tary cerebellar (of Marie), a form of ataxia that
resembles Friedreich's disease in being hereditary,
occurring in families; the gait, however, is not the
staggering gait of tabes, but the reeling gait of cere-
bellar disease; the knee-jerk is increased instead of
being diminished, and there are no deformities.
a., locomotor, a disease of the posterior columns of
the spinal cord, characterized by static and motor
ataxia, by fulgurant pains, girdle-sensation, Argyll
Robertson pupil, disturbances of sensation and of
the sphincters, and loss of the patellar reflex. Syn.,
posterior spinal sclerosis; tabes dorsalis. a., moral,
the inconstancy of ideas and will, attended with
convulsions and pain, observed in hysterical subjects.
a., motor, inability to coordinate the muscles in
walking, a., paralytic, of the heart, a condition
marked by dyspnea, weakness of cardiac sounds,
palpitation, edema, and dropsy, without any organic

ATAXIAGRAM

100

ATHYREA

heart disease, a., sensory, a form regarded as due
to disturbance of the nerve-tracts lying between the
periphery and the centers of coordination; its existence
is denied by some authorities, a., spinal. See a.,
cerebellar, a., static, the failure of muscular coordi-
nation in standing still, or in fixed positions of the
limbs, a., thermal, peculiar large and irregular
fluctuations of the body-temperature, due to a con-
dition of incoordination or a disordered or weakened
thermotaxic mechanism. This may give rise to the
socalled -paradoxic or hysterical temperatures, rising
occasionally to 1080 or no° F., without grave or
permanent injury, a., vasomotor. See vasomotor
ataxia.

ataxiagram (at-aks' -e-a-gram) [ataxia; yp&nna, a
marking], i. A line drawn by a patient suffering with
an ataxial disease. The patient's eyes are open or
closed and he attempts to make a straight line.
The character of the deviations from a straight line
that result are conceived to have a certain diagnostic
value. 2. The record made by an ataxiagraph.

ataxiagraph (at-aks'-e-a-graf) [ataxia; ypa<peiv, to
write]. An instrument for recording the swaying in
ataxia.

ataxiamnesia (at-aks-e-am-ne'-ze-ah) [ataxia; am-
nesia]. Muscular ataxia with loss of or impairment
of memory.

ataxiamnesic (at-aks-e-am-ne'-zik). Affected with
ataxia and amnesia.

ataxic (at-aks'-ik) [see ataxia], i. Pertaining to or
affected with ataxia. 2. A person affected with
ataxia, a. aphasia. See under aphasia, a. fever.
See typhus.

ataxoadynamia (at-aks-o-ah-di-nam'-e-ah). Ady-
namia combined with ataxia.

ataxodynamy (at-aks-o-din'-am-e) [ataxia; Swapis,
power]. Abnormity in the movements of a part or
organ.

ataxophemia (at-aks-o-fe'-me-ah) [ataxia; <?%u, to
speak]. Lack of coordination in speech.

ataxophobia (at-aks-o-fo'-be-ah) [dra|ta, want of
order; <j>6fios, fear]. 1. Excessive dread of disorder.
2. Morbid dread of suffering from locomotor ataxia.

ataxospasmodic (at-aks-o-spas-mod'-ik). Affected
with choreic ataxia or relating to it.

ataxy (at-aks'-e). See ataxia.

-ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying
any salt of an oxyacid having the termination -ic;
as, sulphate, phosphate.

atelectasis (at-el-ek'-tas-is) [areX-qs, imperfect;
e/crao-ts, expansion]. Imperfect expansion or collapse
of the air-vesicles of the lung. It may be present at
birth, or may be acquired from diseases of the bronchi
or lungs, a., absorption, acquired atelectasis in
which the air has been removed by absorption from
within, resulting from the plugging of the bronchial
tubes, a., compression, acquired atelectasis due to
pressure, a., obstructive, that due to obstruction
of a bronchial tube. See a., absorption.

atelectatic (at-el-ek-tat'-ik) [see atelectasis]. Relat-
ing to or characterized by atelectasis.

ateleiosis {at-el-i-o'-sis) [dreXeiWis, not arriving
at perfection]. A disease characterized by abrupt
onset, the absence of any perceptible cause, con-
spicuous infantilism with retention of unimpaired
intelligence, and marked tardiness in development of
the sexual system. Cf. progeria.

atelencephaly (at-el-en-sef -al-e) [AreXifa, incom-
plete; eyKe<f>akos, brain]. Imperfect development of
the brain.

atelia, ateleiosis (at-e'-le-ah, at-e-li-o' -sis) [dreXeia,
imperfection]. Persistence of the child's character-
istics in the adult. Imperfect development. The
word is compounded with others to designate the
part affected, as atelocardia, etc., imperfect develop-
ment of the heart, etc. a., asexual, that type in
which the sexual organs are implicated, a., sexual,
that type in which the sexual organs develop
normally.

atelic (al'-el-ik) [areXris, incomplete]. Functionless.

atelo- (at-el-o-). A prefix signifying imperfect
development.

atelocardia (at-el-o-kar'-de-ah) [atelo-; napdia,
heart]. An imperfect or undeveloped state of the
heart.

atelocephalous (at-el-o-sef-al-us) [atelo-; K«0aXi7,
head]. Having the skull or head more or less incom-
plete.

atelocheilia (at-el-o-ki' -le-ah) [atelo-; x«iXos, lip].
Defective development of a lip.

atelocheiria {at-el-o-ki' '-re-ah) [atelo-; x^P, hand].
Defective development of the hand.

ateloencephalia (at-el-o-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [atelo-; ly-
K€<f>aKos, brain]. Incomplete development of the
brain.

ateloglossia (at-el-o-glos'-e-ah) [atelo-; yXuxraa,
tongue]. Congenital defect in the tongue.

atelognathia (at-el-og-na'-lhe-ah) [atelo-; yvaBos,
jaw]. Imperfect development of a jaw, especially
of the lower jaw.

atelomyelia (at-el-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [atelo-; p.ve\6s,
marrow]. Congenital defect of the spinal cord.

atelopodia (at-el-o-po'-de-ah) [atelo-; irovs, foot].
Defective development of the foot.

ateloprosopia (at-el-o-pro-so'-pe-ah) [atelo-; irpb-
acoirov, face]. Incomplete facial development.

atelorrhachidia (at-el-o-rak-id'-e-ah) [atelo-; pax<-s,
spine]. Imperfect development of the spinal column,
as in spina bifida.

atelostomia (al-el-o-sto'-me-ah) [atelo-; o-ro/xa,
mouth]. Incomplete development of the mouth.

athelasmus (ah-thel-az'-mus) [&, priv.; 077X00716$, a
suckling]. Inability to suckle, from defect or want
of the nipples.

athelia (ah-the' -le-ah) [a, priv.; #17X57, a nipple].
Absence of a nipple.

athermal (ah-thur'-mal) [&, priv.; dkpfiri, heat].
Cool; applied to spring-water of a temperature
below 15° C.

athermancy (ah-thur' -man-se) [iuBeptiavros, not
heated]. The state of being impervious to radiant
heat.

athermanous (ah-ther' -man-us). Impervious to
radiant heat.

athermic, athermous {ah-ther '-mik, -mus). 1.
Without fever. 2. See athermanous.

athermosystaltic (ah-ther -mo-sist-al'-tik) [&, priv.;
Oepprj, heat; o-uo-TaXn/cos, drawing together]. Applied
to muscles which do not contract under the influence
of heat.

atheroma (ath-er-o'-mah) [&dripv, gruel; o/ia, tumor^.

1. A sebaceous cyst containing a cheesy material.
Syn., acne sebacea molluscum; sebaceous cyst; steatoma.

2. The fatty degeneration of the walls of the arteries
in arteriosclerosis ; by common usage the word is
also applied to the whole process of arteriosclerosis.
Arterial atheroma is also termed atherosis. a.,
capillary, the formation of fatty granules in the walls
of the capillaries.

atheromasia (ath-er-o-ma'-ze-ah) [see atheroma].
Atheromatous degeneration; the condition of ather-
oma.

atheromatosis. A more or less generalized athero-
matous condition of the arteries.

atheromatous (aih-er-o'-mal-us) [see atheroma].
Characterized by or affected with atheroma, a.
abscess. See abscess, atheromatous, a. ulcer, an
ulcer formed by the abscess breaking through the
intima.

atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-ro'-sis) [atheroma;
sclerosis]. A form of arteriosclerosis in which there
is hyperplasia of the outer layers of the involved
arteries and degeneration of the elastic layer.

atherosis (ath-er-o'-sis) [i£vpt], gruel]. A synonym
of atheroma (2).

athetoid (ath'-et-oid) [athetosis]. Pertaining to or
affected with athetosis, a. spasm, a spasm in which
the affected member performs athetoid movements.

athetosis (ath-et-o'-sis) [aderos, unfixed; change-
able]. A condition most frequently occurring in
children, and characterized by continual slow change
of position of the fingers and toes. It is usually due
to a lesion of the brain. It is also called "posthemi-
plegic chorea," from its occurrence after hemiplegia.
a., double congenital. See paraplegia, infantile
spasmodic.

athlete's heart [ad'Kelv, to contend with]. A slight
incompetency of the aortic valves, a condition some-
times found in athletes.

athrepsia (ah-threps'-e-ah) [&, priv.; rpkfeiv, to
nourish]. Malnutrition.

athreptic (ah-threp'-tik). Relating to or affected
with athrepsia.

athymia (ah-tnV -me-ah) [&, priv.; 6vp.6s, spirit].
1. Despondency. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3- In-
sanity. 4. Absence of the thymus gland.

athymic (ah-thi'-mik) [&, priv.; dvnos, mind].
Affected with athymia.

athyrea, athyria (ah-thi' -re-ah) [&, priv.; thyroid].
The condition arising from absence of the thyroid

ATHYREOSIS

101

ATOXIC

gland or suppression of its function. Syn., myxedema.
Cf. (hyreoprivus.

athyreosis (ah-thi-re-o'-sis). Atrophy or absence
of the thyroid gland and the pathological condition
consequent upon elimination of its function.

athyria. Same as athyrea.

athyroidea (ah-thi-roid'-e-ah). Absence of the
thyroid gland.

athyroidation. Same as athyrea, q. v.

athyroidea. Same as athyrea, q. v.

athyroidemia (ah-ihi-roid-e' -me-ah) . Davel's name
for myxedema.

athyroidism (ah-thi'-roy-dizm). Same as athyreosis
or athyrea.

athyrosis (ah-thi-ro'-sis). See athyreosis.

atlantad (at-lan'-tad) [See atlas]. Toward the
atlas in situation or direction.

atlantal (at-lan'-lal) [See atlas]. Relating to the
atlas.

atlanten {at-lan' -ten) [See atlas]. Belonging to the
atlas in itself.

atlanto- {at-lan' -to) [See atlas]. A prefix signify-
ing relation to the atlas; seen in the words atlanto-
axial (relating to the atlas and the axis), atlanto-
occipital, atlanto-odontoid, etc.

atlantoaxial (at-lant-o-aks'-e-al) . See atloaxoid.

atlas (at'-las) [''ArXas, a mythological Greek hero
who was supposed to carry the earth on his
shoulders]. The first of the cervical vertebrae. It
articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and
with the axis.

atloaxoid {at-lo-aks'-oid). Relating to the bones
termed the atlas and the axis.

atlodidymus (at-lo-did'-im-us). Same as atlo-
dymus.

atlodymus (at-lod'-im-us) [See atlas; 5L8vp.os,
double]. A monstrosity with two heads on one
neck and a single body.

atloido- (al-loi'-do). In composition, the same as
atlanto; seen in such examples as atloido-axoid,
atloido-odontoid, etc.

atmiatria, atmiatrics. See atmiatry.

atmiatry (at-mi'-at-re) [ar/us, vapor; larpeia,
medical treatment]. Treatment of diseases of the
lungs or mucous membranes by inhalation, fumiga-
tion, or by directing a current of vapor or gas upon
the part.

atmic (al'-mik) [dr/us, vapor]. Relating to, due
to, or consisting of vapor.

atmidalbumin {at-mid-aV -bu-min) . A substance
standing between the albuminates and the albumoses,
obtained by Neumeister at the same time with
atmidalbumose.

atmidalbumose (at-mid-al'-bu-mos). Neumeister's
name for a body obtained by the action of super-
heated steam on fibrin.

atmidiatrics (at-mid-re-at'-riks). Treatment of
disease by vapor.

atmidometer (at-mid-om'-et-er). See atmometer.

atmidometrograph (at-mid-o-met'-ro-graf) [arp-os,
vapor; ukrpov, a measure; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. A
self-registering atmidometer.

atmidoscope (at-mid'-o-skop) [arp-os, vapor; anowelv,
to view]. See atmometer.

atmiometer (at-mi-om'-et-er). A closed cabinet
with apparatus for treating diseases by means of
atmiatry.

atmismometer (at-mis-mom'-et-ur). See atmo-
meter.

atmisterion {at-mis-le'-re-on). See vaporarium.

atmo- (at-mo-) [arp.6s, vapor; breath]. A prefix
meaning vapor or breath.

atmocausia, atmocausis (at-mo-kaw'-se-ah, -sis)
[atmo-; navois, a burning]. Therapeutic cauterization
with steam by means of an atmocautery.

atmocautery (at-mo-kaw'-ter-e). An apparatus
used in practising atmocausis.

atmograph (at'-mo-graf) [atmo-; ypa<peu>, to record].
A form of self-registering respirometer.

atmography (at-mog'-raf e) [irpos, vapor; ypafaiv,
to write]. A description of vapors and evaporation.

atmokausis (at-mo-kaw'-sis). See atmocausis.

atmology (at-mol'-oj-e) [arpos, vapor; X670S,
science]. The science of vapors and evaporation.

atmolysis (at-mol'-is-is) [atmo-; Xuo-ts, loosing].
A method of separating the ingredients of mixed
gases or vapors by means of their different diffusi-
bility through a porous substance.

atmolyzer (ai-mol-i'-zur). An apparatus for
separating gases by diffusion.

atmometer, atmidometer (at-mom'-et-er, at-mid-
om'-et-er) [atmo-; pkrpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment for measuring the amount of water exhaled by
evaporation from a given surface in a given time,
in order to determine the humidity of the atmosphere.

atmos (at'-mos) [abbreviation of atmosphere]. A
proposed unit of air pressure, being the pressure of
one dyne on one square centimeter.

atmosphere (at'-mos-fer) [atmo-; a<f>alpa, a sphere].

1. The mixture of gases surrounding the earth to
the height of about 200 miles. 2. The pressure
exerted by the atmosphere at the level of the sea;
it is about 15 pounds to the square inch, or 1 kilogram
to the square centimeter. 3. In chemistry, any
special gaseous medium encircling a body. 4. The
climatic state of a locality.

atmospheric (at-mos-fer'-ik) [see atmosphere]
Pertaining to the atmosphere, a. moisture, the
vapor of water mingled with the atmosphere. It
varies in quantity according to the temperature.
a. tension, the pressure of the air per square inch on
the surface of a body. Normally, at the sea-level,
it is about 15 pounds per square inch, or equal to
that of a column of mercury about 30 inches in
height. It decreases about tV inch or ^ pound per
square inch for every 90 feet of altitude. Above
10,000 feet the rarity of the atmosphere is usually
noticeable in quickened breathing and pulse-rate.

atmospherization (at-mos-fer-iz-a' -shun) . The con-
version of venous into arterial blood by the absorption
of oxygen. Cf. dearterialization.

atmotherapy (at-mo-ther'-ap-e) [atmo-; depa-n-da,
therapy]. 1. A name given by Pitres to the treatment
of certain tics by methodic reduction of respiration.

2. The treatment of disease by vapor.

atocia (at-o'-se-ah) [cltokos, barren]. Sterility of
the female.

atom (at'-om) [a, priv. ; repveiv, to cut]. The ulti-
mate unit of an element; that part of an element
incapable of further division, or the smallest part
capable of entering into the formation of a chemical
compound, or uniting with another to form a mole-
cule— which last is the smallest quantity of a sub-
stance that can exist free or uncombined.

atomic (at-om'-ik) [see atom]. Pertaining to atoms.
a. heat, the specific heat of an atom of an element
multiplied by its atomic weight, a. theory, the
theory of Dalton that all matter is composed of
atoms, the weight of each atom differing for the
different elements, a. valence, the saturating power
of the atom of an element as compared with an
atom of hydrogen. Syn., equivalence, a. volume,
the atomic weight of an element divided by the
density, a. weight, the weight of an atom of an
element as compared with the weight of an atom of
hydrogen.

atomicity (at-om-is'-it-e) [see atom]. 1. Chemical
valence; quantivalence. 2. The number of OH.
groups is an alcohol or a base.

atomism (at'-om-izm) [&, priv.; rkpvuv, to cut]-
1. The science of atoms. 2. The theory that the
universe is composed of atoms.

atomist (at'-om-ist). One who believes in atomism-
atomistic (at-om-is'-lik). 1. Relating to or con-
sisting of an atom. 2. Relating to atomism.

atomization (at-om-iz-a' -shun) [see atom]. The*
mechanical process of breaking up a liquid into fine
spray.

atomizer (at'-om-i-zer) [see atom]. An instrument
for transforming a liquid into a spray.

atomology {at-om-ol'-o-je) [atom; \6yos, science].
The science of atoms; atomism.

atonia (al-o'-ne-ah) [arovla, want of tone]. Atony.

atonic (at-on'-ik) [atony]. Relating to or charac-
terized by atony.

atonicity (at-on-is'-it-e). Lack of tone, atony.

atony (at'-o-ne) [a, priv.; rbvos, tone]. Want of
tone. Debility. Loss of diminution of muscular or
vital energy.

atophan (at'-o-fan). Phenylcinchoninic acid, or
phenylchinolin carbonic acid. It is said to increase
the elimination of uric acid in cases of gout and
rheumatism.

atopomenorrhea (at-o-po-men-or-e'-ah) [aroiros,
out of plate; pfjp, month; peetv, to flow]. Vicarious
menstruation.

atopic (ah-top'-ik) [&, priv.; tottos, place]. Out of
place.

atoxic (ah-toks'-ik) [&, priv.; to&kov, poison].
Not venomous; not poisonous.

ATOXOGEN

102

ATROPHY

atoxogen (ah-toks'-o-jen) [d, priv.; to^ikov, poison;
y&>vav, to produce]. A defensive substance re-
sembling the enzymes and chemically allied to
toxins and antitoxins prepared from the adrenals
and spleen of the horse.

atoxyl (at-oks'-il), CsH4 . NH2 . AsO(OH)2, a com-
pound of arsenic acid and aniline, used in skin-
diseases and in sleeping-sickness.

atrabiliary (at-rah-bil'-e-a-re) [atra, black; bilis,
bile]. Pertaining to black bile, gloomy, melancholic.
a. capsules, an old name for the suprarenal capsules.

atrabilin {at-rah-bil'-in). A preparation of supra-
renal capsule; it has a hemostatic and vasoconstrictor
action.

atrachelia (ah-lrak-e'-le-ah) [d, priv.; Tpdx*?Xos, the
neck]. Absence or exceeding shortness of the neck.

atrachelocephalus (ah-lrak-el-o-sef'-al-us) [drpd-
X^Xos, without a neck; /ce0aXi7, the head], i. Affected
with atrachelia. 2. A monster with no neck or an
abnormally short one.

atrachelous (ah-trak'-el-us). Having no neck or
only a very short one; also, beheaded.

atractenchyma (ah-lrakt-en'-ki-mah) [arpaKros, a
spindle; eyxzlv, to pour in]. A tissue consisting of
spindle-cells.

atractoid (ah-trakt'-oid). Spindle-shaped.

atramental (at-ram-en'-lal) [atramenlum, ink].
Of an inky-black color.

atremia (ah-tre'-me-ah) [a, priv.; rpkp.cw, to
tremble]. 1. An absence of tremor. 2. Hysterical
inability to walk, stand, or sit without general
discomfort and paresthesia of the head and back,
all movements being readily executed in the recum-
bent posture. Syn., Neftel's disease.

atrepsy (ah'-trep-se) [d, priv.; rpkQeiv, to nourish].
Ehrlich's term for immunity to tumor cells produced
by the absence of the particular nourishment needed
for the growth of tumors.

atresia (ah-lre'-^e-ah) Ld, priv.; rprjais, perforation].
Imperforation or closure of a normal opening or
canal, as of the anus, vagina, meatus auditorius,
pupil, etc.

atresic (ah-tre'-zik) [see atresia]. Characterized by
atresia.

atretic (ah-tret'-ik). Same as atresic.

atreto- (ah-tre-to-) [drpijros, imperforate]. A prefix
meaning imperforate.

atretoblepharia {at-ret-o-blef-a'-re-ah) [atreto-; /SXe<£-
apov, eye-lid]. Symblepharon, q. v.

atretocephalus (ah-tret o-sef-al-us) [atreto-; nefakii,
the head]. A monster with imperforate nostrils or
mouth.

atretocormus (ah-tret-o-Icorm'-us) [atreto-; Kopufc,
the trunk]. A monster having one or more imper-
forate openings on the trunk.

atretocystia (at-ret-o-sis'-te-ah) [atreto-; averts,
bladder]. Atresia of the bladder.

atretogastria (ah-lret-o-gas'-tre-ah) [atreto-; yaa-rrip,
stomach]. Imperforation of the cardiac or pyloric
orifice of the. stomach.

atretolemia (ah-lret-o-le'-me-ah) [atreto-; Xat/xos, the
gullet]. Imperforation of the esophagus or pharynx.

atretometria (at-ret-o-me' -ire-ah) [atreto-; mrpa,
womb]. Atresia of the uterus.

atietopsia (al-ret-op'-se-ah) [drp^T-os, imperforate;
&\p, eye]. Imperforation of the pupil.

atretorrhinia (ah-tret-or-rin'-e-ah) [atreto-; pis, the
nose]. Nasal atresia.

atretostomia (ah-tret-o-sto'-me-ah) [atreto-; aropa,
the mouth]. Imperforation of the mouth.

atreturethria (ah-lret-u-re' '-thre-ah) [atreto-; ovprjdpa,
the urethra]. Imperforation of the urethra.

atria. Plural of atrium, a. mortis, the halls of
death (t. c, the heart, lungs, and brain).

atrial (a'-ire-al) [atrium, the fore-court, or hall].
Relating to an atrium.

a.tricha.(ah'-trik-ah) [d, priv.; 6pU-, hair]. A group
of bacteria having no flagella.

atrichia, atrichlasis (ah-trik'-e-ah, ah-trik-i'-as-is)
[d, priv.; 0pi£, hair]. Absence of the hair.

atrichosis {ah-trik-o'-sis) [see atrichia]. A con-
dition characterized by absence of hair.

atrioventricular (a-tre-o-ven-trik'-u-lar) [atrium,
hall; ventriculus, ventricle]. Relating both to the
atrium (or auricle) and to the ventricle of the heart.
atriplicism (at-rip'-lis-izm) [Atriplex, a genus of
plants]. A form of poisoning from eating uncooked
spinach, Atriplex littoralis. It is characterized by
painful infiltration of the backs of the hands and
forearms and a sensitiveness to light.

atrium (a'-lre-um) [L., "the forecourt or hall"].
1. The auricle of the heart. 2. The part of the
tympanic cavity of the ear below the head of the
malleus, a. anterius, the right auricle of the heart.
a. cordis, the auricle of the heart, a. cordis dextrum,
the right auricle of the heart, a. cordis posterius,
the left auricle of the heart, a., infection-, the point
of entrance of the bacteria in an infectious disease.
a. vaginae, the vestibule of the vulva.

atrolactyl (at-ro-lak'-til), C9H9O2. The radical of
atrolactic acid, a.-tropein. See aconitine, British.

Atropa {at'-ro-pah) ["Arpoiros, "she who turns
not"; undeviating; one of the three Fates who cut
the thread of life — in allusion to the poisonous effects
of the plant]. A genus of the natural order Solan-
acea. A. belladonna is the deadly nightshade, from
which atropine is obtained. See belladonna.

atrophia (at-ro'-fe-ah). See atrophy.

atrophic (at-ro'-fik) [atrophy]. Pertaining to or
affected with atrophy.

atrophied (at'*ro-fid) [d, priv.; Tpo<j>rj, nourishment].
Wasted; affected with atrophy.

atrophoderma (al-ro-fo-der'-mah). See atrophy of
the skin. sl. pigmentosum. See xeroderma pig-
mentosum.

atrophodermatosis {at-ro-fo-der-mat-o'-sis) [atrophy;
Skpua, the skin]. A class of skin diseases, including
atrophoderma, ulodermitis, and scleroderma, char-
acterized by atrophy of the cutis.

atrophodermia. Atrophoderma.

atropholysis (at-ro-fol'-is-is) [atrophy; \v<ris, a
loosing]. A flabby, weak, or ulcerated condition due
to insufficient nutrition.

atrophy, atrophia (at'-ro-fe, at-ro'-fe-ah) [brpocpla,
atrophy]. 1. Diminution in the size of a tissue, organ,
or part, the result of degeneration of the cells or a
decrease in the size of the cells. 2. To become
atrophied, a., accidental, that of a part from com-
pression or cutting off its blood-supply, a., acute
yellow. See icterus gravis, a., angibromic, decrease
in the size of the lumen of the alimentary canal.
a., brown, a form of atrophy in which the normal
pigment of the organ is retained, and in which there
is also frequently the addition of new pigment. It
occurs most frequently in the heart, muscles, and
liver, and is caused by chronic congestion. Syn.,
pigmented atrophy, atrophia cachochymica, that due
to indigestible food, a., cardiac, atrophy of the
heart following senile changes, or occurring in ca-
chectic conditions, or as a result of pressure exerted
by mediastinal tumors, etc. Syn., atrophia cordis.
a., chronic spinal muscular. See a., progressive
muscular, a. compression, atrophy of a part from
constant compression, a., concentric, that proceed-
ing from without inward and tending to lessen the
capacity of a hollow organ, a., correlated, an atrophy
of certain portions of the body following the removal
or destruction of other portions. Thus, amputation
of an arm will be followed by an atrophy of the
scapula; of a leg, by atrophy of the corresponding os
innominatum. a., cyanotic (of the liver), atrophy
of the parenchyma of the hepatic lobules due to
stasis in the venous circulation, causing dilatation and
congestion of the central veins and adjacent capil-
laries, a., degenerative, that due to degeneration of
the cells, a., eccentric, that proceeding from within
toward the periphery, a., granular, a form observed
in the liver and kidneys, causing diminution in size
and attended with excess in formation of connective
tissue, with copious supply of granular matter.
a., granuloproteic, that due to replacement of proper
cell-structure with fine granular masses, a., gray,
a degenerative change in the optic disc in which the
latter assumes a grayish color, a., halisteretic,
atrophy of bone manifested only by gradual thinning
of the lamellae of the spongy tissue, a., idiopathic
muscular, muscular wasting, beginning in various
groups of muscles, usually progressive in character,
and dependent on primary changes in the muscles
themselves. There is a strong hereditary predispo-
sition to the disease, a., inanition, emaciation from
diarrhea, a., individual, Charcot's name for atrophy of
individual muscles in different parts, the proximate
muscles not being affected, a., infantile, tabes mesen-
terica (q. v.). Syn., atrophia infantum; atrophia mesen-
terica. a., muscular, atrophy affecting muscles; it may
be hereditary or acquired, idiopathic, myelopathic,
myopathic, neuropathic, primary, secondary, simple,
or progressive, a. of the nails, onychatrophia.
Syn., atrophia unguis, a., necrobiotic, a., numerical,

ATROPIA

103

ATTENUATION

atrophy of a part with destruction of some of its
elements, atrophia nervea, atrophy of the nerves.
atrophia nervosa, gradual emaciation, with loss of
appetite, due to unwholesome and depressing en-
vironment, a., pigmentary, a., pigmented, a form
of atrophy so called from a deposit of pigment
(yellow or yellowish-brown), in the atrophied cells.
atrophia pilorum propria, atrophy of the hair, either
symptomatic or idiopathic in origin, a., progressive
facial, a condition characterized by progressive
wasting of the skin of the face. Syn., atrophia nova
facialis, a., progressive muscular, a chronic disease
characterized by progressive wasting of individual
muscles or physiological groups of muscles, and by an
associated and proportional amount of paralysis.
It is due to a degeneration and atrophy of the multi-
polar cells in the anterior gray horns of the cord, with
consecutive degeneration of the anterior nerve-roots
and muscles. The right hand is usually the part
first attacked, and takes on a peculiar claw-like form
(main-en-griff e) . The disease is most frequent in
males of adult life, and follows excessive muscular
exertion. Syn., chronic anterior poliomyelitis; wasting
palsy, a., progressive nervous, Jaccoud's name for
atrophy of the spinal nerve-roots due to pressure
from a deposit of fibrous substance on the spinal
arachnoid, a., progressive unilateral facial, a disease
characterized by progressive wasting of the skin,
connective tissue, fat, bone, and more rarely the
muscles of one side of the face. It is most common
in females; its course is slow and generally pro-
gressive, a., qualitative, degeneration, a., quanti-
tative. See a., simple, a., red, a form of atrophy
due to chronic congestion, as seen in the liver in
mitral and tricuspid valvular lesions, a., sclerotic,
a name for connective tissue found at times deposited
in the heart-substance after myocarditis, a., senile,
the physiological atrophy of advanced life. It affects
the lungs, the sexual and other organs, a., senile,
of the skin, an atrophy of the skin usually associated
with general signs of senile degeneration. Syn.,
atrophia cutis senilis; senile atrophoderma, a., serous,
atrophy associated with an infiltration of fluid into
the atrophic tissues, a., simple, that due to a
decrease in the size of individual cells, a., simple
brown, a condition of the heart in which the muscle-
fibers retain their striated appearance, but the muscle-
cells are small and contain yellow granules of pig-
ment, a. of the skin, atrophy characterized by
diminution or disappearance of certain of the ele-
ments of the skin: especially seen in advanced age.
The skin becomes thin, loose, wrinkled, and dis-
colored. Syn., atrophia cutis; atrophoderma, a.,
sympathetic, atrophy of the second member of a pair
of organs, following that of the first, a., tropho-
neurotic, that dependent upon abnormality of the
nervous supply of an organ or tissue, best illustrated
in muscular atrophy from disease of the anterior
horns of the spinal cord, atrophia verminosa,
emaciation due to intestinal worms, a., white, nerve
atrophy, leaving only white connective tissue.

atropia (at-ro'-pe-ah). See atropine.

atropic (at-rop'-ik). Relating to the genus Atropa
or to atropine.

atropine, atrophia (at'-ro-pen, at-ro-pi'-nah)
["At powos, one of the Fates who cut the thread of
life], C17H23NO3. The atropina of the U. S. P. is a
crystalline alkaloid derived from Atropa belladonna.
It is a mydriatic, antispasmodic, and anodyne; in
small doses a cardiac, respiratory, and spinal stimu-
lant; in large doses a paralyzant of the cardiac and
respiratory centers, the spinal cord, motor nerves,
and involuntary and voluntary muscles. It lessens
all the secretions except the urine. In full doses
it produces dryness of the throat, flushing of the
face, dilatation of the pupils, a rise of temperature,
and sometimes an erythematous rash. It is ex-
tensively used in ophthalmic practice to dilate the
pupil, to paralyze accommodation, and also in various
corneal, iritic, and other ocular diseases. Its thera-
peutic use in general medicine is also manifold; e. g.,
in inflammatory affections and the pain of cerebral
and spinal hyperemia, atonic constipation, cardiac
failure, hypersecretions, especially of the sweat, to
relieve local spasms, as in intestinal and biliary
colic, in asthma, whooping-cough, etc., and as a
physiological antagonist in opium-poisoning. a.
borate, (C17H23N 03)26407, is used in ophthalmic
practice, a. hydrobromide, CnHtaNOsHBr, white
crystals, soluble in water and in alcohol. It is used

as is atropine, a. hydrochloride, Q7H23NO3HCI ,
white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, slightly
in ether. Used in the same manner as atropine.
Dose ifas— -£$ gr. (0.0006-0.001 Gm.). a., lamellae of
(lamella atropines, B. P.), each contains STJVff gr.
(0.000013 Gm.) atropine, a. oleate {pleatum atro-
pina, U. S. P.), a 2 % solution of atropine in oleic
acid; it is a mydriatic, sedative, and anodyne, and is
used as an inunction in cases in which remedies
cannot be administered by the mouth, a. salicylate,
Q7H23NO3C7H6O2, a colloidal mass, used as is atro-
pine, a. santonate, a compound of atropine and
santonic acid, recommended as a mydriatic, a.
santoninate, C17H23O3C15H20O4, is used in ophthalmic
practice, a. stearate, C17H23NO3C17H35CO . OH, fine
white needles, greasy to the touch, melting at 1200 C.,
beginning to decompose at 1700 C., and containing
50.43 % of atropine. It is soluble in ether and in
alcohol. Applied in 1 : 500 oily solution as a sub-
stitute for oil of belladonna or oil of hyoscyamus.
a. sulphate (atropina sulphas, U. S. P.), the most
frequently used preparation of atropine, is a white
powder, of bitter taste and neutral reaction, and is
soluble in water. Dose T^r — 5xo gr. (0.00036-0.008
Gm.). a. sulphate, solution of (liquor atropines
sulphatis, B. P.). Dose 1-6 min. (0.065-0.4 Cc).
a. tartrate, (Ci7ll23N03)2C4H606, is used as is atropine.

atropinism (at'-ro-pin-izm). See atropism.

atropinization (at-ro-pin-i-za'-shune). The produc-
tion of the physiological effect of belladonna.

atropinize (af -ro-pin-iz) [atropine]. To bring under
the influence of, or to treat with, atropine.

atropism (at'-ro-pizm). Poisoning with, or the
morbid condition induced by, atropine.

atroscine (at'-ros-en), C17H21NO4. An alkaloid
isomeric with hyoscine, obtained from Scopolia
carniolica. It has a higher rotatory power than
hyoscine, and is from 2 to 4 times stronger in mydri-
atic action. Syn., atrosia.

attaint (at-aint') [attingere, to touch by striking].
An injury to a horse's leg caused by overreaching.

attar (at'-ar) [Ar., 'itr, perfume]. A general name
for any of the volatile oils. a. of rose, oil of rose.
The volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of the
Damascene rose. It comes mainly from eastern
Rumelia, and is generally adulterated with other
volatile oils. It is used as a perfume.

attendant (at-en'-dant) [aliendere, to wait upon].
A nonprofessional attache of an asylum or hospital.

attention (at-ten'-shun). The direction of the will
or thought upon an object or to a particular sensation.
a., central, the "imagination" or mental remaking
of the image by the mind when the peripheral visual
attention is abrogated, a., compound synchronous,
in this the consciousness recognizes and correlates
or combines multiple streams of synchronous and
diverse stimuli, visual, auditory, etc. a., multiple
synchronous auditory, two or more synchronous
tones or sounds or lines of such tones or sounds are
recognized by consciousness, a., multiple synchro-
nous central visual, the imagining or mental repro-
duction of multiple synchronous visual trains with-
out the objectively formed images, a., multiple
synchronous visual, that when the attention recog-
nizes two or more discrete sets of retinal images at
the same time, a., single-stream auditory, that
when a monotone, a sound, or series of single notes
or sounds, is listened to, exclusive of others, a.,
single-stream central, that when the central visual
attention, without objectively forming images,
follows the passing of imagined single or unitary
images in single file, a., single-stream central audi-
tory, that without the objective audition, a., single-
stream visual, that form of visual attention existing
when the eyes follow a linear concatenation of single
or unitary macular images to the exclusion of all
others, a., visual, that existing when the eyes,
consciously, observe a fixed or moving object.

attenuant (at-en'-u-ant) [attenuare, to make thin].
1. A medicine or agent increasing the fluidity or
thinness of the blood or other secretion. 2. A dilu-
ent. 3. Lessening the effect of an agent.

# attenuated (at-en'-u-a-ted). Wasted; thinned, a.
virus, a weakened virus.

attenuating (at-en' -u-a-ting) [see attenuant]. Mak-
ing thin.

attenuation (ai-en-u-a'-shun) [see attenuant]. The
act of making thin; a thinning, narrowing, or reduc-
tion of the strength or size of a substance, especially
the weakening of the pathogenic virulence of micro-

ATTIC

104

AURA

organisms by successive cultivation, by exposure to
light, air, heat, or other agency, or by passing through
certain animals, so that they may be used as a
vaccine to confer immunity from future attacks of
the disease, a., Sanderson's method of, the passing
of virus through the system of another animal (e. g.,
the guinea-pig, in anthrax) so that it becomes modi-
fied in virulency.

attic (at'-ik). Part of the tympanic cavity situ-
ated above the atrium, a. disease, chronic suppu-
rative inflammation of the attic, of the tympanum.

atticoantrotomy (ai-ik-o-an-lroi'-o-me) [attic; an-
trum; Tkuveiv, to cut]. The opening of the attic and
mastoid process.

atticomastoid (at-ik-o-mas'-ioid). Relating to the
attic and the mastoid.

atticotomy (at-ik-ot'-om-e) [aitic; re/iveiv, to cut].
Surgical incision of the attic.

attitude (at'-e-tud). See posture, a., crucifixion,
in hysteroepilepsy, a rigid state of the body, the arms
stretched out. at right angles, a. of fetus, the rela-
tion of its parts to one another, a., frozen, a peculiar
stiffness of the gait characteristic of disease of the
spinal cord, especially of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
a., passionate, the assumption of a dramatic or
theatrical expression, a position assumed by some
hysterical patients.

attollens (at-ol'-enz) [altollere, to rise up]. Raising.
a. aurem, a muscle raising the external ear.

attraction {at-rak'-shun) [atlrakere, to draw to].
The tendency of one particle of matter to approach
another; affinity. As existing between masses, it is
termed gravitation, while molecular attraction or
cohesion expresses the force aggregating molecules.
a., capillary, the force that causes liquids to rise in
fine tubes or between two closely approximated sur-
faces, or on the sides of the containing vessel, a.,
chemical, the attraction of affinity, relates to the
attraction of atoms of one element to those of others,
resulting in chemical compounds, a., electric, the
tendency of bodies toward each other when charged
with opposite electricities, a., magnetic, the influence
of a magnet upon certain metallic substances, chiefly
iron. a. sphere, the central mass of the aster in
karyokinesis.

attrahens (at'-ra-henz) [L., "drawing"]. Drawing
forward, as attrahens aurem, a muscle drawing the
ear forward and upward.

attrahent (al'-ra-hent) [attrahens, drawing]. i.
Drawing to; adducent. 2. A drawing application;
an epispastic or rubefacient.

attrition {al-rish'-un) [alter ere, to rub against].
1. An abrasion or chafing of the skin. 2. Any
rubbing or friction that breaks or wears the surface.

at. wt. Abbreviation of atomic weight.

atypical, (ah-tip'-ik-al) [a, priv.; tvttos, a type]
Irregular; not conformable to the type. a. fever, an
intermittent fever with irregularity of the paroxysm.

A. u. Abbreviation of Angstrom's unit.

Au. Chemical symbol of the element gold. See
aurum.

auante {aw-an'-te) [avalvuv, to dry]. A wasting
or atrophy.

auantic (aw-an'-tik) [avavriKos, wasted]. Charac-
terized by wasting; atrophic.

Aubert's phenomenon (o-bair'). An optical
illusion by which, when the head is inclined to one
side, a vertical line is made to appear oblique toward
the opposite side.

auchen (aw'-ken) [avxhv, the neck]. The neck or
throat, or the constricted part of any organ.

aucheniatria (aw-ken-e-al'-re-ah) [ai>xw, the throat;
i&Tpela, a healing]. The therapy of throat diseases.

audiclave (aw'-dik-lav). An instrument for aiding
hearing.

audiometer (aw-de-om'-et-er) [audire, to hear;
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
the acuteness of hearing.

audiometry (aw-de-om'-et-re) [audire, to hear;
\s.krpov, a measure]. The measurement, or testing,
of the sense of hearing.

audiphone (aw'-dif-on) [audire, to hear; <t>uvi), a
sound]. An instrument for improving the power of
hearing by conveying sounds through the bones of
the head to the labyrinth.

audition (aw-dish'-un) [audire, to hear]. The act
of hearing. Syn., acoesis; acousia; acusis. a. coloree,
color-hearing, a peculiar association between the
auditory and optic nerves, by which a certain sound
or musical note will give rise to a subjective sensation

of color, the same note in the same person being
always associated with the same color. Syn.,
chromatic audition, a. contre, the perception by one
ear of the vibrations of a tuning-fork placed on the
mastoid process on the other side.

auditory {aw' -dit-o-re) [see audition]. Pertaining
to the act or the organs of hearing, a. after-sensa-
tions, the sensations of sounds continuing or occurring
after the cessation of the stimulus, a. amnesia.
See mind-deafness, a. area, the cerebral center for
hearing, probably located in the temporosphenoidal
lobe. a. aura, an auditory sensation preceding an
attack of epilepsy, a. capsule, the primitive auditory
organ, formed by the invagination of the nervous
stratum of the epiblast. a. center. Same as a. area.
a. dysesthesia. Same as dysacusis, q. v. a. emi-
nence, the prominent part of the floor of the fourth
ventricle, lying between the inferior and superior
fovea, a. field, the area within which a sound may
be heard, a. hairs, the processes of the crista
acustica. a. meatus (external and internal), the
external and internal canals or openings of the ear.
a. nerve, the eighth cranial nerve, supplying the
internal ear; formerly the portio mollis of the seventh
pair of cranial nerves, a. nuclei, the nuclei in the
oblongata giving rise to the auditory nerves, a.
ossicles, the chain of small bones of the middle ear.
a. pit, the depression in the epiblast on both sides
of the embryonic after-brain, destined to form the
labyrinth of the ear. a. teeth, tooth-like tubercles
in the cochlea of the ear. a. vertigo, dizziness due
to pathological conditions of the ear. See Meniere's
disease, a. vesicle, the ectodermal sac from which
is developed the membranous labyrinth.

auditus (aw-di'-tus) [L.]. Hearing; the sense or
power of hearing.

Auenbrugger's sign (ow'-en-broog-er) [Leopold
Auenbrugger, Austrian physician, 1722-1809]. Bulg-
ing of the epigastric region in cases of extensive
pericardial effusion.

Auer's bodies (pw'-er) [John Auer, American
physician, 1875- ]. Rod-like bodies seen in the
lymphocytes in leukemia.

Auerbach's ganglia (ow'-er-bakh) [Leopold Auer-
bach, German anatomist, 1828-1897]. The ganglionic
nodes in Auerbach's plexus. A.'s plexus, plexus
myentericus, a nerve-plexus found between the
circular and longitudinal muscular coats of the
stomach and intestine, and consisting of a network
of pale nerve-fibers, at the nodal points of which
minute ganglia exist.

Aufrecht's sign (ow'-frekht) [Emanuel Aufrecht,
German physician, 1844- ]. Short and feeble
breathing heard just above the jugular fossa on
placing the stethoscope over the trachea; it is noted
in tracheal stenosis.

augment (awg'-ment) [augmentum, increase]. The
increasing stage of a fever or other acute disease.

augmentation (awg-men-ta' -shun) [augmentatio, an
increasing]. 1. Same as augment. 2. Increase in the
violence of symptoms.

augmentor {awg-men' -tor) . An agent which
increases or accelerates the action of auxetics; by
itself it is unable to produce cell division. See
auxetic.

augnathus {awg-na'-thus) [&D, besides; yvaBos, the
jaw]. A monster with two lower jaws.

aula {aw'-lah) [av\r], a hall or open court]. The
common mesal cavity of the cerebrum, it being also
the anterior portion of the third ventricle.

aulatela (aw-lat-e'-lah) [aula, a hall; tela, a web].
The roof or covering membrane of the aula.

aulic (aw'-lik) [aula, a hall]. Belonging or per-
taining to the aula. a. recess, a triangular de-
pression between the precommissure and the two
fornicolumns of the brain.

auliplexus (aw-le-pleks'-us) [aula, hall; plexus, a
network]. The choroid plexus of the aula.

aulix (aw'-liks) [aulix, a furrow]. The sulcus of
Monro, a groove on the mesal surface of the thalamus
just ventrad of the medicommissure.

aulophyte (aw'-lo-fit) [av\6s, pipe or tube; $vt6v,
a plant]. A symbiotic plant; one that lives within
another, but not as a parasite.

aura (aw'-rah) [avpa, a breath]. A breath of
wind; a soft vapor. The phenomenon preceding an
attack of epilepsy. It may be motor, sensory,
vasomotor, secretory, or psychic. It is also applied
to the symptom preceding an attack of any disease
or paroxysm, as the aura hysterica, aura vertiginosa,

AURADE

105

AUSCULATORY

etc. a., electric, the current of air that attends the
discharge of electricity from a point, a., epigastric,
a localized epileptic aura.

aurade, auradin (aw'-rdd, aw'-rad-in). A fatty
body obtained from oil of orange-flowers. It crystal-
lizes in tasteless, pearly, odorless scales, melting at
13 1 ° F.; soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Syn.,
Neroli camphor.

aural (aw'-ral) [auris, the ear]. 1. Relating to the
ear or to hearing. 2. [aura.] Relating to the air or
to an aura. a. vertigo. See Meniere's disease.

auramine (aw' -ram-en) [aurum, gold; amine].
Yellow pyoktanin, a yellow aniline color used to
some extent as an antiseptic.

aurantia (aw-ran'-she-ah) [aurantium], 1. An
orange coal-tar dye; an ammonium salt of hexa-
nitrodiphenylamine. 2. An orange or oranges.

aurantiamarin (aw-ran-te-am'-ar-in). A bitter
glucoside obtained from orange peel.

aurantin (aw-ran'-tin). See heptane.

aurantium (aw-ran'-she-um) [L.; gen., aurantii].
Orange. The fruit of Citrus vulgaris and C. auran-
tium. Both the flowers and the rind of the fruit
are employed in medicine, aurantii amari cortex
(U. S. P.), bitter orange-peel, aurantii amari, fluid-
extractum (U. S. P.), bitter orange-peel, alcohol,
and water. It is used as a flavor. Dose §— 1 dr.
(2-4 Cc). aurantii amari, tinctura (U. S. P.), bitter
orange-peel, 20; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 100. Dose
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii corticis, oleum (U. S. P.),
the volatile oil expressed from the rind of the orange ;
it is aromatic and a mild tonic, but is used mainly
as a flavor. Dose 1-5 drops, aurantii dulcis cortex
(U. S. P.), sweet orange-peel, aurantii dulcis, tinc-
tura (U. S. P.), sweet orange-peel, 20; dilute alcohol,
q. s. ad 100. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii,
elixir, oil of orange-peel, 1; sugar, 100; alcohol and
water, q. s. ad 300. aurantii florum, aqua (U. S. P.),
stronger orange-flower water and distilled water, of
each, 1 volume, aurantii florum fortior, aqua
(U. S. P.), water saturated with the volatile oil of
fresh orange-flowers, aurantii florum, oleum, oil of
neroli, a volatile oil distilled from fresh orange-
flowers. Dose 1-5 drops, aurantii florum, syrupus
(U. S. P.), sugar, 85; orange-flower water, sufficient
to make 100 parts. A common flavoring agent.
aurantii, infusum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc).
aurantii, infusum, compositum (B. P.). Dose 1-2
oz. (30-60 Cc). aurantii, spiritus, oil of orange-peel,
5; deodorized alcohol, 95. Dose according to quan-
tity of alcohol desired, aurantii, spiritus, compositus
(U. S. P.), oil of orange-peel, 20; oil of lemon, 5;
oil of coriander, 2 ; oil of anise, 5 ; deodorized alcohol,
sufficient to make 100 parts, aurantii, syrupus
(U. S. P.), tincture of sweet orange-peel, 5; citric
acid, 0.5; magnesium carbonate, 1; sugar, 82; water
sufficient to make 100 parts, aurantii, tinctura (B.
P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii, tinctura,
recentis (B. P.), tincture of fresh orange-peel. Dose
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii, vinum (B. P.), contains
12 % of alcohol.

aureol (aw-re'-ol). The commercial name of a
hair-dye said to contain menthol, 1 % ; amidophenol-
chlorhydrate, 0.3 %; monoamido-diphenylamine,
0.6 % ; dissolved in 50 % alcohol which contains
0.5 % sodium sulphite.

aureola (aw-re'-o-lah). See areola (1).

aureolin (aw-re'-o-lin) [aurum, gold]. A yellow
pigment obtained by heating paratoluidin with
sulphur and treating with turning sulphuric acid.
Syn., carnotine; polychromin; primulin yellow;
sulphine; thiochromogen.

auric (aw'-rik) [aurum, gold]. 1. Pertaining to
aurum or gold. 2. Referring to gold in chemical
combination as a triad, a. acid. See acid, auric.

auricle (aw'-rik-l) [auricula, the ear]. 1. The
expanded portion or pinna of the ear. 2. One of
the upper chambers of the heart receiving the blood
from the lungs (left auricle) or from the general
circulation (right auricle). 3- An ear-shaped appen-
dage. 4. A kind of ear-trumpet, a., cervical, con-
genital cartilaginous remains of the neck, arising
about the middle of the sternomastoid as symmetrical
bodies, occurring in man occasionally and almost
constantly present in the goat.

auricoammonic (aw-rik-o-am-on'-ik). Containing
gold and ammonium.

auricobarytic (aw-rik-o-bar-it'-ik). Containing gold
and barium.

auricula (aw-rik' -u-lah) [dim. of auris, ear].

1. Auricle, q. v. 2. The auricular appendix, a
pouch-like appendage to the auricles of the heart.

auricular (aw-rik' -u-lar) [see auricle]. 1. Relating
to the auricle of the ear. 2. Pertaining to the
auricles of the heart, as auricular appendix. 3. Re-
lating to the auricular nerve, arteries, veins, etc.
a. appendix, the anterior prolongation of the cardiac
auricle, a. finger, the little finger, a. point, the
central point of the external auricular meatus.

auriculare (aw-rik-u-la'-re) [auricularis , pertaining
to the ear]. The auricular point, q. v.

auricularis (aw-rik-u-la'-ris) [see auricle]. 1. Auri-
cular. 2. The extensor minimi digiti. See under
muscle, a. magnus, a branch of the cervical plexus
of nerves.

auriculate, auriculated (aw-rik' -u-lat, -ed). Fur-
nished with ears or ear-like appendages; auricled.

auriculocranial (aw-rik-u-lo-kra'-ne-al). Pertaining
to both the auricle and the cranium.

auriculooccipital (aw-rik-u-lo-ok-sip' -it-al) [auri-
cula, the ear; occiput, the back of the head]. Per-
taining both to the ear and the back of the head.
a., triangle. See triangle.

auriculotemporal (aw-rik-u-lo-tem' -po-ral) [auricle;
tempus, the temple]. Relating to the auricle and
to the temporal region, a. nerve, a branch of the
inferior maxillary, supplying superficial parts about
the auricle and temple.

auriculoventricular (aw-rik-u-lo-ven-trik' -u-lar) [au-
ricle; ventriculus, the ventricle]. Relating to an
auricle and a ventricle of the heart, a. bundle, the
bundle of His. a. opening, the opening between the
auricles and the ventricles of the heart.

auriform (aw'-rif-orm) [auris, the ear; forma,
shape]. Ear-shaped.

auriginous (aw-rij'-in-us). 1. Having the color
of gold. 2. Relating to jaundice.

aurilave (aw'-ril-av) [auris, the ear; lavare, to wash].
An appliance for cleansing the ears. An ear-brush
or ear-sponge mounted upon a handle.

aurinasal (aw-re-na'-sal) [auris; nasus, nose].
Pertaining to the ear and the nose.

auripuncture (aw'-re-punk-chur) [auris; puncture].
Puncture of the membrana tympani.

auris (aw' -ris) [L.]. The ear. a. externa, the
outer ear, auricle, pinna, a. interna, a. intima, the
internal ear, labyrinth, a. media, the middle ear,
tympanum.

auriscalp (aw'-ris-kalp) [auris, the ear; scalpare,
to scrape]. An instrument for cleansing the ear.
An ear-pick, or probe for the ear.

auriscope (aw'-ris-kop) [auris ;l<rKoirtiv, to examine].
An instrument for examining the ear, and especially
the Eustachian passage: an otoscope.

aurist (aw'-rist) [auris]. A specialist in diseases
of the ear.

aurobromide (aw-ro-bro'-mid). Gold and potas-
sium bromide.

aurous (aw'-rus) [aurum, gold], 1. Pertaining to
gold and its compounds. 2. Referring to gold in
chemical combination as a monad.

aurum (aw' -rum) [L.; gen., auri]. Gold. Au
= 197.2; quantivalence III. A brilliant yellow
metal, having a specific gravity of 19.3. It is soluble
in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, auri
bromidum, AuBr3, used in epilepsy and migraine.
Dose tjV- i gr- (0.003-0.01 Gm.). auri chloridum,
gold chloride. Dose 50— 35 gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.).
Also used as a stain for nerve tissue, auri et sodii
chloridum (U. S. P.), the double chloride of gold
and sodium. It is used as an alterative in chronic
inflammations, diabetes, in the treatment of the
alcohol habit, etc. Dose 3V — rts Sr- (0.002-0.006
Gm.). a. vegetabile, saffron.

auscult, auscultate (aws-kuW, aws'-kul-tat) [auscul-
tare, to listen to]. To perform or practise auscul-
tation; to examine by auscultation.

auscultation (aws-kul-ta' -shun) [see auscult]. A
method of investigation of the functions and con-
ditions of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and
other organs by the sounds they themselves give out
or that are elicited by percussion. It is called
immediate, when the ear is directly applied to the
part, and mediate, if practised by the aid of the
stethoscope. Obstetric auscultation is practised in
pregnancy to detect or study the fetal heart-sounds
or the placental murmur, a.-tube, in otology, an
instrument for listening to the forced passage of air
through the ear of another.

auscultatory (aws-kul'-ta-to-re) [see auscult]. Re-

AUSCULTOSCOPE

106

AUTOMATIC

lating to auscultation, a. percussion, the practice
of listening with the stethoscope to the sounds pro-
duced by percussing a part.

auscultoscope (aws-kult'-o-skop). Stethoscope, or
phonendoscope.

autacoid (aw'-tak-oid) [auto-; &kos, remedy].
A general term for all internal secretions, it includes
hormones and chalones, g. v.

autan (aw'-tan). Trade name of a preparation
said to be a mixture of paraformaldehyde and
barium dioxide. It is used to disinfect rooms.

autechoscope (aw-tek'-o-skop) [avros, self; vx°s<
sound; o-noirtiv, to inspect]. A device for enabling a
person to listen to sounds produced within his own
body.

autecic, autcecic (aw-te'-sik). See autecious.

autecious, autoecious (aw-te'-shus) [avros, self;
oIkos, dwelling]. Applied to parasitic fungi that
pass through all the stages of their existence in the
same host._

autemesia (aw-tem-e'-zhe-ah) [avros, self; ifielv, to
vomit]. Vomiting without manifest cause.

auto- (aw-to-) [avros, self]. A prefix meaning self,
of itself.

autoactivation (aw-to-ak-tiv-a'-shun) [auto-; acti-
vate]. The activation of a gland by an enzyme or
hormone derived from itself.

autoanticomplement (aw-to-an-te-kom'-ple-ment) .
An anticomplent, formed within the body, which
is capable of neutralizing its own complements.

autoaudible (aw-to-awd'-i-bl) [auto-; audire, to
hear]. Applied to cardiac sounds audible to the
patient.

autoblast (aw'-to-blast) [auto-; /3Xa<n-6s, a germ].
An independent bioblast.

autocatheterism (aw-to-kath' -et-er-izm) [auto-;
catheter]. The passage of a catheter by a person
upon himself.

autochthon (aw-tok' -thon) [avroxBuv, sprung from
the land]. An aboriginal inhabitant.

autochthonous (aw-tok' -thon-us) [see autochthon].
Aboriginal; formed (as, e. g., a clot) in the place
where it is found.

autocinesis (aw-to-sin-e'-sis). See autokinesis.

autocinetic (aw-to-sin-et'-ik). See autokinetic.

autoclasis (aw-tok' -la-sis) [auto-; ic\a<ns, breaking].
A breaking up of a part due to causes developed
within itself.

autoclave (aw'-to-klav) [auto-; clavis, a key],
i. Self -fastening; closing itself. 2. An apparatus for
sterilizing objects by steam-heat at high pressure.
3. To sterilize in an autoclave.

autoconduction (aw-to-kon-duk'-shun) [auto-; con-
duction]. A term used in electrotherapy for a
method of using high-frequency currents. The
patient or part to be acted upon is placed inside of
the solenoid, without any direct connection with
any part of the circuit.

autocystoplasty (aw-to-sis' -to-plas-te) [auto-; Kvo-ris,
bladder; irXaeraeiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the
bladder with grafts from the patient's body.

autocytolysin (aw7to-si-tol'-is-in). Same as auto-
lysis

autocytotoxins (aw-to-si-to-toks'-ins) [auto-; cyto-
toxin]. Cytotoxins produced in the body of the
individual by abnormal retention and absorption
of the products of degenerated and dead cells.

autodidact (aw'-to-di-dakt) [auto-; Sidaicros, taught].
One who is self-taught.

autodigestion (aw-to-di-jes'-chun) [auto-; digerere, to
digest]. Digestion of the walls of the stomach by
the gastric juice, from disease of the stomach.

autofundoscope (aw-to-fun' -do-skop) [auto-; fundus,
the bottom; a-Kowelv, to look]. An instrument for
self-examination of the vessels about the macular
region of the eye.

autogamous (aw-tog'-am-us) [auto-; yapios, mar-
riage]. In botany, a name applied to flowers that
are habitually self-fertilizing.

autogamy (aw-tog'-am-e). [See autogamous.] Self-
fertilization.

autogenesis (aw-to-jen'-es-is) [auto-; ykvzavs, pro-
duction]. Spontaneous generation; self-production.

autogenetic (aw-to-jen-et'-ik) [see autogenesis].
Produced within the organism.

autogenous (aw-toj'-en-us) [see autogenesis]. 1.
Pertaining to diseases or conditions self-produced
within the body and not derived from external
sources; applied to poisons generated in the body by
its inherent processes. 2. Having a distinct center

of development, as parts of bones, a. hemorrhage,
hemorrhage due to causes residing within the body;
not traumatic, a. vaccine, one derived from the
microorganism infecting the person to be immunized,
as opposed to stock vaccines which are made from
standard cultures.

autognosis (aw-tog-no'-sis) [auto-; yvaxris, know-
ledge]. Knowledge obtained by self -observation.

autogony (aw-tog'-o-ne) [avrbyovos, self -produced].
The rise of the simplest protoplasmic substance in a
formative fluid.

autographic (aw-to-graf'-ik) [auto-; ypafciv, to
write]. Self -registering, a. skin, a condition of
vasomotor paralysis, usually in hysterical patients,
in which markings made upon the skin form quite
persistent and intensely red traces, a. woman, one
with an autographic skin.

autographism (aw-tog' '-raf-izm) [auto-; ypafaiv, to
write]. The condition observed in the so-called auto-
graphic skin; dermographism. See urticaria factitia.

autohypnotic (aw-to-hip-not'-ik). 1. Relating to
autohypnotism. 2. An individual who can put him-
self into a hypnotic state.

autohypnotism (aw-to-hip'-not-izm) [auto-; vwvos,
sleep]. Mental stupor induced by dwelling intensely
upon some all-absorbing thought.

autoimmunization (aw-to-im-u-ni-za' -shun) [auto-;
immunization]. Immunization obtained by natural
processes at work within the body.

autoinfection (aw-to-in-fek' -shun) [auto-; infection].
Infection by virus originating within the body or
transferred from one part of the body to another.

autoinfusion (aw-to-in-fu'-shun) [auto-; infundere,
to pour in]. Compulsion of the blood to the heart
by bandaging the extremities, compression of the
abdominal aorta, etc.

autoinoculable (aw-to-in-ok'-u-la-bl) [auto-; inocu-
lare, to implant]. Capable of being inoculated upon
the person already infected. Chancroid is auto-
inoculable.

autoinoculation (aw-to-in-ok-u-la' -shun) [see auto-
inoculable]. Inoculation in one part of the body
by virus present in another part; self -inoculation.

autointoxication (aw-to-in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [auto-;
ro£uc6v, a poison]. Poisoning by faulty metabolic
products elaborated within the body; autoinfection.
a., endogenous, that due to the action of excessive
unneutralized or modified discharges from the cells
of any tissue acting upon the other tissues without
previous discharge from the body; or that due to the
action of products of decomposition and necrosis of
any tissue acting in a similar manner; or that due
to microendoparasites or macroendoparasites. a.,
exogenous, that due to the action of poisons entering
the system from without, through the skin, the
digestive, the respiratory or genitourinary tract, as
by the absorption of retained excreta, or of decom-
position- and fermentation-products developed in
the external secretions through the action of those
secretions, a., indirect, that caused by the absorp-
tion of retained excrements.

autoisolysin (aw-to-is-ol'-is-in) [auto-; laos, equal;
Xixris, a loosing]. A serum which dissolves the
corpuscles of the individual from which it was
obtained and also those of another individual of the
same species.

autokinesis (aw-to-kin-e'-sis) [auto-; Kivqo-is,
movement]. Voluntary movement.

autokinetic (aw-to-kin-et'-ik) [see autokinesis].
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, autokinesis.

autolaryngoscopy (aw-to-lar-ing-gos'-ko-pe) [auto-;
\apvy£, the larynx; oko-kHv, to examine]. The
examination of one's own larynx.

autolavage (aw-to-lav'-ahj) [auto-; lavage]. The
washing out of one's own stomach.

autolysate (aw-tol'-is-at) [see autolysin]. That
which results from or is produced by autolysis.

autolysin (aw-toV -is-in) [auto-; \v<ris, a loosing].
A lysin capable of dissolving the red blood-corpuscles
of the animal in the serum of which it circulates.

autolysis (aw-tol'-is-is) [see autolysin]. 1. Self-
digestion of tissues within the living body. 2. The
chemical splitting-up of the tissue of an organ by the
action of an enzyme peculiar to it. 3. The hemolytic
action of the blood-serum of an animal upon its own
corpuscles.

autolytic (aw-to-lit'-ik). Relating to autolysis.

automatic (aw-to-mat'-ik) [avrop-ari^eiv, to act
spontaneously]. Performed without the influence of
the will.

AUTOMATISM

107

AUXANOGRAPHY

automatism (aw-lom'-at-izm) [see automatic]. The
performance of acts without apparent volition, as
seen in certain somnambulists and in some hysterical
and epileptic patients, a., epileptic. See auto-
matism.

automatograph (aw-to-mat'-o-graf) [avropari^eiv,
to act spontaneously; ypa<fieZv, to record]. An instru-
ment for registering involuntary movements.

automaton (aw-tom'-at-on) [avrbp-aros, spontane-
ous]. One who acts in an involuntary or mechanical
manner.

automixis (aw-to-miks'-is) [auto-; /u'£«, mixture].
Same as autogamy.

automysophobia (aw-to-mis-o-fo'-be-ah) [auto-;
nv<ros, filth; <£6/3os, fear]. Insane dread of personal
uncleanliness.

autonephrectomy (aw-to-nef-rek'-to-me) [auto;
ve<t>pos, kidney; Uropi], excision]. Complete stricture
of the ureter so that no urine flows from the kidney
to the bladder.

autonomic, autonomous {aw-ton-om'-ik, -ion'-om-
us) [auto-; vopos, law]. Independent in origin, action,
or function; self-governing, a. nervous system, the
sympathetic nervous system supplying involuntary
muscle fibers, secreting glands, and arterioles.

autonomy (aw-ton'-o-me) [see autonomous]. Inde-
pendence.

autoophthalmoscope (aw-to-of-thal'-mo-skop). See
autophthalmoscope.

autopathic (aw-to-path'-ik) [auto-; ir6£os, suffering].
The same as endopathic or idiopathic.

autopepsia (aw-to-pep'-se-ah) [auto-; ireirreiv, to
digest]. Autodigestion.

autophagia (aw-to-fa'-je-ah) [auto-; <payeiv, to
eat]. i. Self -consumption; emaciation. 2. The
biting of one's own flesh.

autophagy (aw-tof.-a-je). See autophagia.
autophilia (aw-to-fil'-e-ah) [auto-; 4>i\elv, to love].
Morbid self-esteem.

autophobia (aw-to-fo' -be-ah) [auto-; <p6(3os, fear].
A morbid dread of one's self or of solitude.

autophonia (aw-to-fo'-ne-ah). 1. See autophony.
2. [auto-; 06ws, murder]. Suicide.

autophonomania (aw-to-fo-no-ma'-ne-ah) [avTo<povia,
suicide; p.avla, madness]. Suicidal mania.

autophonous (aw-tof'-on-us) [auto-; (puvri, voice].
Having the character of autophony.

autophony (aw-tof'-o-ne) [see autophonous], 1. The
auscultation of the physician's own voice through
the patient's chest. 2. The condition in which one's
own voice appears changed. It may be due to
chronic inflammation of the ear or to other causes.

autophthalmoscope (aw-toff-thal'-mo-skop). An
ophthalmoscope for examining one's own eye.

autophthalmoscopy (aw-tof-thal-mos' -ko-pe) [auto-;
6<j>da\p6s, the eye; o-Koireiv, to see]. Examination of
one's own eye with the ophthalmoscope.

autoplasty (aw'-to-plas-te) [auto-; ir\a<r<T(iv, to
form]. A method of repairing the effects of a wound
or lesion involving loss of tissue by grafting or
implanting fresh parts taken from other portions
of the patient's body.

autopsy (aw'-top-se) [auto-; o^is, a seeing]. The
postmortem examination.

autopsychorrhythmia (aw-to-si-kor-rith' -me-ah)

[auto-; \pvxh, mind; frvdpos, rhythm], A morbid
rhythmic activity of the brain; it is a symptom of
grave insanity.

autoscope (aw'-to-skop) [auto-; oko-kHv, to see].
An instrument arranged for the examination of one's
own organs by one's self.

autoscopy (aw-tos' '-ko-pe) [see autoscope]. The
examination of one's own organs by means of an
autoscope.

autoserotherapy (aw-to-se-ro-ther'-ap-e) [auto-; ser-
um; therapy]. Treatment of a disease (such as
pleurisy) by means of a serum obtained from the
patient himself.

autoserum (aw-to-se'-rum) [auto-; serum], A
therapeutic serum which is obtained from the
patient on whom it is used.

autosite (aw'-to-sit) [auto-; <t~itos, food]. 1. A
monster capable of an independent existence after
birth. 2. That member of a double fetal mon-
strosity that nourishes itself by its own organs and
also the other member, which is called the parasite.
autositic (aw-to-sit'-ik) [see autosite]. Of the nature
of an autosite.

autospermotoxin (aw-to-spurm-o-toks'-in) [auto-;
virepua, seed; to^lkov, poison]. A specific substance

produced in the blood-serum of an animal by intra-
venous injection of spermatozoa of another animal,
and which renders the serum of the treated animal
toxic for the spermatozoa of both.

autosterilization (aw-to-ster-il-iz-a'-shun) [auto-;
sterilization]. Sterilization effected by the normal
fluids of the body.

autostethoscope (aw-to-steth' -o-skop) [auto-; arfjOos,
the chest; aKoirelv, to examine]. A stethoscope so
arranged that by it one may listen to his own chest-
sounds.

autosuggestibility (aw-to-suj-es-tib-il'-it-e). That
mental state with loss of will, in which auto sug-
gestion easily occurs.

autosuggestion (aw-to-suj-es'-chun) [auto-; sug-
gestio, an intimation]. A peculiar mental condition,
often developing after accidents, especially railway
accidents; it is intimately associated with the hyp-
notic state. In both of these conditions the mental
spontaneity, the will, or the judgment is more or
less suppressed or obscured, and suggestions become
easy. Thus the slightest traumatic action directed
to any member may become the occasion of a paraly-
sis, of a contracture, or of an arthralgia. Syn., trau-
matic suggestion.

autotemnous (aw-to-tem'-nus) [auto-; self; repveiv,
to cut]. Capable of spontaneous division.

autotherapy (aw-to-ther'-a-pe) [auto-; depaweia,
treatment]. The spontaneous or self-cure of a
disease.

autotomy (aw-tot'-o-me) [auto-; roprj, a cutting].
1. Self-division; fission. 2. The performance of a
surgical operation upon one's own body.

autotoxemia (aw-to-toks-e'-me-ah) [auto-; to^ikov,
a poison; alp.a, blood]. Toxemia from poisons
derived from the organism itself.

autotoxicosis (aw-to-toks-ik-o'-sis) [auto-; to£ik6v,
poison]. The symptoms due to autotoxemia.

autotoxin (aw-to-toks' -in) [auto-; to^kov, a poison].
Any poisonous product of tissue-metamorphosis.

autotoxis (aw-to-toks f -is) [auto-; to£ik6v, poison].
Self -poisoning through the absorption of noxious prod-
ucts of katabolism, as in uremia. Cf . autointoxication.
autotransfusion (aw-to-lrans-fu'-zhun) [auto-; trans-
fusio, a pouring-out or forth]. The transfer of the
blood to the brain and other central organs by
elevating the hips and legs and by the use of elastic
bandages compressing the limbs.

autotransplantation (aw-to-trans-plan-ta'-shun)
[auto-: transplantation]. The operation of trans-
planting to a part of the body tissue taken from
another part of the same body.

autotrophic (aw-to-trof'-ik) [avros, self; rpo<pr\,
nutrition]. Self-nourishing. A term applied to
those forms of bacteria which do not require organic
carbon and nitrogen, but are able to form carbo-
hydrates and protein out of carbon dioxide and
inorganic salts.

autotuberculin (au-to-tu-ber' -ku-lin) . Tuberculin
prepared from a patient's own sputum.

autotyphization (aw-to-ti-fiz-a'-shun) [auto-; ty-
phoid]. The production of a condition resembling
typhoid fever from faulty elimination of waste-
material.

autovaccination (aw-to-vaks-in-a'-shun) [auto-; vac-
cinare, to vaccinate]. The reinsertion of fresh
vaccine lymph upon the same person from whom it
is taken.

autumn catarrh. Synonym of hay-fever, since it is
apt to occur in the autumn or the fall of the year.

autumnal (aw-tum'-nal) [autumn]. Pertaining to
the fall of the year. a. fever. Synonym of typhoid
fever.

auxanogram (awks-an'-o-gram) [av^aveiv, to grow;
ypa<t>eiv, to write]. A pure plate culture of microbes
which has been prepared by Beyerinck's auxano-
graphic method in which the colonies indicate which
one of several nutrient media is best suited to their
growth.

auxanographic (awks-an-o-graf'-ik). Pertaining to
auxanography.

auxanography (awks-an-og'-ra-fe). A method
devised by Beyerinck for ascertaining the nutrient-
mediums suitable for a growing microbe. Plate
cultures of poor mediums (e. g., 10 % gelatin or 2 %
agar in distilled water) are stippled with drops of
solutions the nutrient properties of which are to be
tested. The species of microbe under examination
will then develop strong colonies only on those spots
where the requisite pabulum is present.

AUXANOLOGY

108

AXIS

auxanology (awks-an-ol'-o-je) [av£aveiv, to grow;
\6yos, science]. The study of growth.

auxanometer (awks-an-om' -et-er) [av^aveiv, to
grow; nerpop, a measure]. An instrument used in
biological study for measuring the growth of young
organisms. *>

auxe (awks'-e) [av^rj, increase]. Enlargement in
bulk or volume.

auxesis (awks-e'-sis) [avfyais, enlargement]. In-
crease in size or bulk. Hypertrophy is a word often
incorrectly used where auxesis is meant.

auxetic (awks-et'-ik) [See auxesis]. i. Char-
acterized by auxesis. 2. Increase in size or bulk.
3. An exciter of reproduction; an agent which causes
proliferation of human cells, especially leukocytes.
See in vitro.

auxiliary (awks-il'-e-a-re) [auxilium]. 1. Aiding.

2. An adjuvant, auxiliaries of respiration, those
muscles brought into action in difficult respiration.

auxilium (awks-il'-e-um) [L., "help"]. A wheeled
vehicle or ambulance with couch and mattresses,
for use in the service of field military hospitals.

auxocardia (awks-o-kar'-de-ah) [avfr, an increase;
napUa, the heart]. The normal increase of the
volume of the heart during diastole, in distinction
from meiocardia, the diminution during systole.

auxochrome (awks'-o-krom) [avfav, increase;
XpwM«. color]. 1. That which increases color. 2. A
term applied to a chemical group which, if added to
a chromophore group will produce a dye.

auxocyte (awks'-o-sit) [av^eiv, to increase; kvtos,
a cell]. A cell which is concerned in growth or
reproduction.

auxometer (awks-om' -et-er) [avfav, to grow;
fierpov, a measure]. 1. A device for estimating the
magnifying power of lenses. 2. See auxanometer.

3. A dynamometer. Syn., auxemeter; auxenometer ;
auxesimeter ; auxiometer; auzometer.

auxospore (awks'-o-spor) [avfav, to grow; airopos,
seed, offspring]. A large spore produced, either
asexually, or by conjugation, in the Diatomacece.

auxotonic (awks-o-ton'-ik) [av&iv, to grow; tow,
tension]. Determined by growth, a.' movements,
movements due to growth rather than to stimulation.

auzometer {aw-zom' -et-ur) . See auxometer.

Av. Abbreviation for avoirdupois weight; see
weights and measures.

ava, ava-kava (ah'-vah, ah-vah-kah'-vah). See
kava-kava.

avaism (ah'-vah-izm). A malady from abuse of
kava, resembling absinthism.

avalanche theory. Pfliiger's theory that nerve-
energy gathers intensity as it passes toward the
muscles.

avalent (ah-va'-lent) [&, priv.; valence]. Without
valency.

avalvular (ah-val '-vu-lar) [a, priv.; valvula, a valve].
Lacking valves.

avascular (ah-vas'-ku-lar) [&, priv.; vas, a vessel].
Without blood; not possessing blood-vessels.

avascularization {ah-vas-ku-lar-iz-a'-shun). The
ace of rendering a part bloodless, as by compression
or bandaging.

avascularize (ah-vas'-ku-lar-iz) . To render blood-
less.

Avellis' symptom-complex (ah-vel'-lis) [Georg
Avellis, German laryngologist, 1864- ]• Paralysis
of one-half of the soft palate, associated with a
recurrent paralysis on the same side.

Avena (av-e'-nah) [L.J. A genus of plants. Oats.
Avena farina, oatmeal. A. sativa, the embryo of the
seed of the common oat-plant. It contains starch,
gluten, a ferment called diastase, and a small amount
of alkaline phosphates, and is a nutritious food.
Dose of the concentrated tincture or fluidextract 10
min.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Cc). The pericarp contains an
alkaloid possessed of slight narcotic powers.

avenin (av-e'-nin) [avena]. 1. A precipitate made
from a tincture of Avena sativa, or the oat. It is a
nerve-stimulant and tonic. 2. A nitrogenous prin-
ciple obtained from the oat, and nearly identical
with legumin; the gluten-casein of oats.

avenious, avenous (ah-ve'-ne-us, ah-ve'-nus) [&,
priv.; vena, vein]. Lacking veins.

avenolith (av-en'-o-lith) [avena; Xt0os, stone]. An
intestinal calculus formed around a grain of oats.

aversion (av-ur'-shun) [avertere, to turn aside],
1. A turning aside, as in the displacement of an
organ or in metastasis. 2. Nausea.

avidity (av-id'-it-e) [avidus, greedy]. In chemistry,

the tendency of certain weak acids, in suitable con-
ditions, to dispossess even the strongest acids and to
unite with their bases.

avirulent {ah-vir' -it-lent) [&, priv.; virus, a poison].
Without virulence.

avitaminosis (ah-vi-lam-in-o'-sis) [&, priv.; vita-
mine]. A disease resulting from deficiency of vita-
mines in the diet.

Avogadro's law [Amadeo Avogadro, Italian physi-
cist, 1 7 76-1 856]. Equal volumes of all gases and
vapors, at like temperature and pressure, contain
an equal number of molecules.

avoirdupois weight {av-or-du-pois'). See weights
and measures.

avulsio, avulsion (av-ul'-se-o, -shun) [avellere, to
tear away]. A tearing or wrenching away of a part,
as a polyp, a limb, etc. a. bulbi, avulsion of the
bulb, separation of the pupil from its attachments in
consequence of complete or almost complete rupture
of the tendons of the optic muscles and nerves.

axanthopsia {ah-zan-thop' -se-ah) [&, priv.; £avdos,
yellow; oipis, vision]. Yellow-blindness.

Axenf eld's test for albumin in urine {ahks' -en-felt)
[David Axenfeld, German physiologist]. Acidulate
with formic acid and add, drop by drop, a 0.1 %
solution of gold chloride, and warm. If albumin is
present, the solution becomes red, then purplish,
and on the addition of more gold chloride, blue.
The blue color is also produced by glucose, starch,
tyrosin, uric acid, urea, leucin, etc., but the red
color is characteristic of albumin.

axial (aks'-e-al) [axis]. Pertaining to or situated
in an axis. a. current, the column of red corpuscles
which, by reason of the weight of the cells, occupies
the center or axis of the blood-stream, a. hyperopia.
See hyperopia, axial, a. neuritis, inflammation of a
nerve axis. a. stream. See a. current.

axifugal {aks-if -u-gal) [axis; fugere, to flee].
Centrifugal.

axilemma (aks-il-em'-ah) [axis; \kpp.a, husk; skin].
An elastic sheath composed of neurokeratin, inclosing
the axis-cylinder of medullated nerve-fibers.

axilla (aks-il'-ah) [L.]. 1. The armpit. 2. The
prominence of the shoulder.

axillary (aks'-il-a-re) [axilla]. Pertaining to the
axilla, a. artery, the continuation of the subclavian
artery, extending from the lower border of the first
rib to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle,
where it becomes the brachial. See under artery.
a. glands, the lymphatic glands in the axilla, a.
plexus, the brachial plexus, formed by the last three
cervical and the first dorsal nerves, a. region, a.
space, the irregular conical space of the axilla.
a. vein, a continuation of the brachial vein, corre-
sponding with the artery and terminating in the
subclavian vein.

axin (aks'-in) [axinus], A fatty and varnish-like
substance produced in Mexico by an insect, Coccus
axinus. It is used in the arts and locally in medicine,
being regarded as a good vulnerary and resolvent.

axioplasm {aks'-e-o-plazm). See axoplasm.

axipetal (aks-ip'-et-al) [axis; petere, to seek].
Centripetal; applied to the transmission of impulses
toward an axone.

axis (aks'-is) [L., "axletree"]. 1. An imaginary
line passing through the center of a body. 2. The
second cervical vertebra. 3- A short artery which
breaks up into several branches, e. g., thyroid axis,
celiac axis. See under artery, a., basicranial, in
cramometry, a line drawn from the basion to the
middle of the ante'rior border of the cerebral surface
of the sphenoid bone, a., basifacial, in craniometry,
a line drawn from the anterior border of the cerebral
surface of the sphenoid to the alveolar point, a.,
binauricular, in craniometry, the imaginary line
joining the two auricular points, a., brain,, the
isthmus, a. celiac, same as celiac artery; see table of
arteries. &., cerebrospinal, the central nervous
system, a.-cord. See primitive streak, a.-corpus-
cle. See corpuscle, axile. a., craniofacial, in com-
parative anatomy the bones making the floor of
the cranial cavity, a.-cylindef, the conducting or
essential part of a nerve. Syn., axis-cylinder of
Purkinje. a.-cylinder process, that one of the
protoplasmic processes of a nerve-cell which becomes
an axis-cylinder, a., electric, a. line connecting the
two poles of an electric body, a., frontal (of the
eye), an imaginary line running through the eyeball
from right to left, and corresponding with the move-
ments of elevation and depression of the eyeball.

AXITE

109

AZZLE TEETH

a., hemal, the aorta, a., magnetic, a line connecting
the two poles of a magnet, a. neural, the cerebro-
spinal axis, a., optic, i. The line from the center
of the cornea to the macula lutea. 2. An imaginary
line passing from the center of the eye-piece of a
microscope through the body, objective, stage, and
substage, to the mirror, a., pelvic, an imaginary
line passing through all the median anteroposterior
diameters of the pelvic canal at their centers, a.,
sagittal (of the eye), an imaginary line running
through the eyeball from before backward, and
coinciding with the line of vision, a.-traction,
traction on the fetus in the axis of the pelvis, a.-
traction forceps, a forceps for performing axis-
traction, a. uteri. 1. The long diameter of the
uterus. 2. A line imagined to pass transversely
through the uterus near its junction with the cervix,
on which it is said to turn in retroversion, a., visual,
the line from the object through the nodal point to
the macula.

axite (aks'-it) [axis]. Gowers' name for the
terminal filaments of the axis-cylinder.

axle teeth (aks'-l teth). See azzle teeth.

axo- (aks-o-) [axis]. A prefix meaning axis.

axodendrite (aks-o-den'-drit) [axo-; bkvbpov, a tree].
Lenhossek's term for a nonmedullated, axopetally
conducting side fibril" on the axons, as distinguished
from a cytodendrite or one of the true medullated,
cellulifugal collaterals.

axofugal (ak-so-fu'-gal) [axo-; fugere, to flee from].
Directed away from an axis cylinder process.

axoid (aks'-oid) [axo-; eI5oj, likeness]. 1. Shaped
like a pivot. 2. Relating to the second cervical
vertebra.

axolemma. Jfee axilemma.

axolysis {aks-ol'-is-is) [axon; Xixus, solution].
Destruction of an axis cylinder.

axometer (aks-om'-et-ur) [axo-; p.krpov, measure].
An instrument used to adjust properly the axes of
spectacles to the eyes.

axon, axone (aks'-on) [axis]. 1. The body -axis.
2. An unbranched nerve-cell process of the second
order. See dendrite. 3. The cerebrospinal axis.
4. Kolliker's term for neurite. a. degeneration, dis-
integration and loss of function of the axis-cylinder.
a. hillock, the pyramidal projection of the nerve-cell
protoplasm from which the axon issues.

axoneuron (aks-o-nu'-ron) [axo-; vevpov, nerve].
A neuron the cell-body (nerve-cell) of which lies in
the interior of the brain or the spinal cord. The axo-
neurons are classified as rhizoneurons and the endaxo-
neurons.

axonometer (aks-o-nom' -et-er) [axo-; pkrpov, a
measure]. 1. An instrument used for locating the
axis of astigmatism. 2. An apparatus for determining
the axis of a cylinder.

axopetal (aks-op'-et-al). See axipetal.

axoplasm (aks'-o-plazm) [axis; ir\a<rp.a, a thing
molded]. Waldeyer's term for the delicate stroma
of reticular substance holding together the fine
fibrillae of the axis-cylinders. Syn., neuroplasm.

axospongium (aks-o-spun'-je-um) [axo-; avoyyos, a
sponge]. Held's term for the reticular structure of
the axis-cylinder.

axungia (aks-un'-je-ah) [L.]. Fat; lard; adeps.
axungise lunae, a variety of calcium carbonate,
axungiae vitri, salt of glass; a scum forming on the
surface of molten glass. It is applied as a desiccative
and detergent.

ayapana, ayapano. The South American name for
the leaves of the herb Eupatorium triplinerve, of
tropical America. It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and
tonic, and is used in infusion externally for wounds
and abscesses, internally for gastric disorders, and is
recommended as a substitute for tea, coffee, and
cocoa.

azalein (az-a'-le-in). See fuchsin.

azedarach (az-ed'-ar-ak) [Pers., azad, free; dirakht,
a tree]. Pride of China, the bark of Melia azedarach,
an Asiatic tree naturalized in the southern United
States. It occurs in curved pieces or quills, having a
sweetish taste. A decoction, \ oz. to 1 pint, is used

as an anthelmintic against the roundworm. Dose
\-i oz. (15-30 Cc). Dose of the fluidextract 1 dr.
(4 Gin.); of the tincture, 1 to 8, \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

azerin (az'-er-in) [a, priv.; Zvpos, dry]. A ferment
analogous to ptyalin and found in the digestive
secretions of Drosera, Nepenthes, and probably all
other insectivorous plants.

azoamyly (ah-zo-am'-il-e) [a, priv.; £u>ov, animal;
ap.v\oi>, starch]. The inability of the cell (hepatic)
to store up the normal amount of glycogen.

azobenzene (az-o-ben'-zen) [azote, nicrogen; ben-
zene], C12H10N2. A compound formed by the action
of sodium amalgam upon the alcoholic solution of
nitrobenzene. It forms orange-red, rhombic crystals,
readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingly
soluble in water. It melts at 68° and distils at 2930.

azobenzoid (az-o-ben'-zo-id). An amorphous white
powder derived from oil of bitter almonds by action
of ammonia.

azo-compound. In chemistry, a compound con-
taining the group — N =N — united to two hydro-
carbon groups; a compound intermediate between the
nitro-compounds and the amido-compounds, and
made from the former by partial reduction, or from
the latter by partial oxidation.

azoic (ah-zo'-ik) [a, priv.; fo>i7, life]. 1. Destitute
of living organisms. 2. Relating to nitrogen; azotic;
nitric.

azolitmin (az-o-lit'-min) [a, priv.; £0017, life; litmus],
C-H7NO4. A deep blood-red coloring-matter ob-
tained from litmus.

azomethane (az-o-meth-an') . Hydrocyanic acid.

azoospermia (ah-zo-o-sper' -me-ah) [a, priv.: f^,
life; awkppa, seed]. Absence of, or deficient vitality
of, the spermatozoa.

azoresorcin {az-o-rez-or'-sin) [a, priv.; £017, life;
resorcinol], C12H9NO4. A derivative of resorcinol,
occurring as dark-red and greenish crystals.

azotation (az-o-ta'-shun). The assimilation of
nitrogen from the air by organisms.

azote iaz'-ol) [&, priv.; fu^, life]. A synonym of
nitrogen.

azotemia {az-o-ie' -me-ah) [azote; alpa, blood].
The presence of nitrogenous compounds in the
blood; uremia.

azotenesis {az-o-ten-e'-sis) [azote]. Any one of a
class of diseases said to be due to a superabundance
of nitrogen in the system, such as scurvy.

azotic acid. Nitric acid.

azotiodic (az-ot-i-o'-dik). Containing nitrogen and
iodine.

azotized (az'-ot-lzd) [azote]. Xitrogenized; con-
taining nitrogen.

azotobacter (az-o'-to-bak-ter). A class of large
aerobic bacteria, capable of fixing free nitrogen from
the air. They are found in the soil.

azotometer (az-o-tom'-et-er) [azote; pkrpov, a meas-
ure]. A device for the measurement of nitrogen.

azotorrhea {az-o-to-re'-ah) [azote; pola, flow]. Ex-
cess of nitrogenous matter in the urine or feces.

azoturia (az-o-tu'-re-ah) [azote; ovpov, urine]. An
increase of the urea and urates in the urine.

azoxybenzene {az-oks-e-ben' -zen) [azote; 6££>s, sharp;
benzene], C12H10N2O. A compound obtained by the
reduction of nitrobenzene. It forms long 3-ellow
needles, easily soluble in alcohol and ether, but not
in water.

azulene {az'-u-len). Same as cerulein.

azyges (az'-ij-es) [dfiryifr, unwedded]. The
sphenoid bone.

azygos (az'-ig-os) [a, priv.; $vy6v, a yoke]. Applied
to parts that are single, not in pairs, a. uvulae, a
small muscle of the uvula, a. veins. See veins.

azygous (az'-ig-us) [see azygos]. Not paired.

azymia (ah-zi' -me-ah) [a, priv.; Ju/«?. a ferment].
Absence of ferment.

azymic (ah-zi'-mik) [a, priv.; fiv«7,.a ferment].
Not giving rise to fermentation.

azymous (az'-i-mus) [a, priv.; ^vprj, a ferment].
Unfermented.

• azzle teeth (az'-l) [E. dial., assal teeth]. A name
given to the molar teeth.

B

B. i. The chemical symbo 1 of boron. 2. Abbrevi-
ation for Beaume's hydrometer; also of Bacillus, and
Bacterium.

Ba. The chemical symbol of barium.

B.A. Abbreviation of Bachelor of Arts.

Babbit metal (bab'-it). An antifriction alloy com-
posed of 8 parts of tin, 2 of antimony, and 1 of
copper. Also used occasionally in dentistry.

Babes-Ernst's bodies [Victor Babes, Roumanian
bacteriologist, 1854- '■> Paul Ernst, German
pathologist, 1859- ]. Bodies found in bacteria,
especially those derived from animal bodies or
secretions; they stain more deeply than the rest of
the cytoplasm.

Babesia (ba-be'-ze-ah) [Victor Babes, Roumanian
bacteriologist, 1854- ]• Same as Piroplasma.

babesiosis (Jba-be-se-o'-sis). Infection with babesia.
Same as piroplasmosis.

Babinski's phenomenon, B.'s reflex (ba-bin'-ske)
[Jules Babinski, French neurologist, 1857- ]. Ex-
tension, instead of flexion, of the toes on exciting the
sole of the foot; it is connected with a lesion of the
pyramidal tract, and is found in organic, but not in
hysterical, hemiplegia. Syn., phinomene des orteils.
B.'s sign, diminution or absence of the Achilles
tendon reflex in true sciatica as distinguished from
hysterical sciatica.

bablabs, bablah (bab'-labz, -lah). The pods of
Acacia arabica and several other species; they are
used in coughs; the seeds contain 20 % of tannin.

babool, babul bark (ba-bool'). The astringent,
tonic bark of the babul tree, A cacia arabica, of India.

baby (Jba'-be). An infant, a newborn child, b.-
farm. An institution for raising orphan and pauper
infants, b.-farming, the business of receiving and
caring for the infants of those who, for any reason,
may be unable or unwilling to bring up their own
children.

bacca (bak'-ka) [L.]. A berry.

Baccefli's method (Jbat-chel'-le) [Guido Baccelli,
Italian physician, 1832- ]. 1. In echinococcus
cysts of the liver: aspiration is done on several
consecutive days, and washings made with a 1 : 1000
solution of mercury bichloride and a 1 : 100 salt
solution. 2. In tetanus: hypodermatic injection of a
solution of phenol. B.'s sign, aphonic pectoriloquy.
The whispered voice is transmitted through a serous,
but not through a purulent, pleuritic exudate.

baccharine (bak'-ar-in). A poisonous alkaloid ob-
tained from Baccharis coridifolia.

Baccharis (Jbak'-ar-is) [fiaxKapis, a fragrant herb].
A genus of composite trees. B. halimifolia, the
groundsel-tree, is a shrub of North America. A
decoction of the leaves and bark is a popular demul-
cent and pectoral medicine. B. pilularis, kidney
plant, a native of the Pacific coast of the United
States, is used in cystitis.

bacchia (bak'-e-ah, or bak-i'-ah) [Bacchus, the god
of wine]. A synonym of acne rosacea, a condition
often found in drunkards, b. rosacea. Synonym of
acne rosacea.

bacciform (bak' -si-form) [bacca; forma, form].
Berry -shaped.

Bach's reagent for hydrogen dioxide. This
consists of two solutions: (a) 0.03 potassium dichro-
mate and 5 drops of aniline in 1 liter of water; (6) 5 %
oxalic acid solution. Shake 5 Cc. of the solution to
be tested with 5 Cc. of solution a and 1 drop of
solution b; in the presence of hydrogen dioxide a
violet-red color results.

bacillac (bas'-il-ak). Trade name of a preparation
of milk which has been soured by the lactobacillus.

bacillar, or bacillary (bas'-il-ar; bas'-il-a-re)
[bacillus]. I. Relating to bacilli or to a bacillus. 2.
Consisting of or containing rods.

bacillemia, bacillaemia (bas-il-e'-me-ah) [bacillus;
dlfia, blood]. The presence of bacilli in the blood.

bacilli (bas-il'-i) [bacillus]. 1. Plural of bacillus,

q. v. 2. In pharmacy, cylindrical lozenges made by
cutting the lozenge mass, and rolling it into a soft
cylinder, on a pill-machine.

bacilli-carrier. A person who is apparently in good
health but who has pathogenic bacteria (such as
typhoid) in his tissues or secretions and so is able
to spread the disease.

bacillicidal (bas-il-is-id1 '-al) [bacillus, a rod;
ccedere, to kill]. Destructive to bacilli.

bacillicide (Jbas-il'-is-id) [bacillus, a rod; ccedere,
to kill]. 1. Destructive to bacilli. 2. An agent that
destroys bacilli.

baciiliculture (bas-il-e-kul'-chur) [bacillus, a rod;
cultura, cultivation]. 1. The, artificial culture of
bacilli for the purpose of studying their nature and
life. 2. A culture containing bacilli.

bacilliform (bas-il'-if-orm) [bacillus; forma, form].
Having the shape or appearance of a bacillus.

bacilliparous (Jbas-il-Hp'-ar-us) [bacillus; parere,
to produce]. Producing bacilli.

bacillogenous (bas-il-oj'-en-us) [bacillus; generare,
to beget]. Due to bacilli; producing bacilli.

bacillol {bas'-il-ol). A coal-tar distillation-product
resembling lysol, its active property being due to
cresols, of which it contains 52 %. It is an oily
fluid, of faint alkaline reaction, dark-brown color,
and odor of pitch, readily soluble in water, with sp.
gr. of 1. 100, and bactericidal in dilute solution.
In veterinary practice it is used in 2 % solution.

bacillophobia (bas-il-o-fo'-be-ah) [bacillus; <j>6fios,
fear]. Morbid fear of microbes.

bacillosis (bas-il-o' '-sis) [bacillus]. The condition
caused by infection with bacilli.

bacilluria (Jbas-il-u'-re-ah) [bacillus; ovpov, urine].
The discharge of urine containing bacilli.

bacillus (Jbas-il'-us) [dim. of baculus, a rod; pi.,
bacilli]. 1. A genus of the Schizomycetes comprising
the rod-shaped forms of bacteria. 2. An individual
of the genus Bacillus. 3. A medicated rod or bougie.
4. Any rod-like body, or, specifically, one of the
retinal rods. See Bacilli table of, page in.

bacillus carrier. See bacilli-carrier.

back (bak) [ME., bak]. Dorsum; posterior aspect.-
b.-airing, a term used in hygiene to designate the
admission of fresh air to traps by means of a separate
ventilating pipe of small diameter, b.-rest, a cloth-
covered frame adjusted to any height by means of
braces and ratchets, designed to relieve bedridden
patients.

backache (bak'-ak). Pain in the back.

backbone (bak'-bon). The vertebral column.

backset. A relapse of a disease.

bacony infiltration (ba'-kon-e in-fil-tra'-shun).
Same as amyloid degeneration.

bacteria (bak-te'-re-ah). Plural of bacterium
(<Z- v.).

Bacteriaceae (bak-te-re-a'-se-e) [bacteria]. The
Schizomycetes.

bacterial (bak-te'-re-al). Resembling, of the nature
of, or derived from bacteria, b. vaccine. See
bacterine.

bactericidal (bak-te-ris-id'-al) [bacteria; ccedere, to
kill]. Destructive to bacteria.

bactericide (Jbak-te'-ris-id) [bacteria; ccedere, to
kill], 1. Destructive to bacteria. 2. An agent
that destroys bacteria.

bacteridium (bak-ter-id'-e-um) [paKT-hpiov, a little
stick]. A genus of Bacteriacece characterized by
immobility of the elements at all periods of their
existence (Davaine). The distinction does not now
obtain.

bacteriemia (bak-te-re-e'-me-ah). The presence of
bacteria in the blood.

bacteriform (bak-te' -re-form) [bacterium; forma,
form]. Shaped like a bacterium.

bacterination (Jbak-ler-in-a'-shun). Inoculation
with bacterial vaccines.

bacterine (bak'-ter-en). Any vaccine prepared

BACILLI

111

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.

Name.

B. abortus

B. aceti or aceticus

B. of Achalme

B. acidi lactici (Hueppe)

B. acidi laevolactici (Schardinger) ....
B. acidificans longissimus (Lafar) ....

B. acidiformans (Sternberg)

B. adhaesioformans

B. aerogenes, I, II, III (Miller)

B. aerogenes capsulatus (Welch and

Nuttall).
B. aerogenes meningitidis (Cantini) . .

B. aerophilus (Liborius) . .•

B. albicans pateriformis

B. albuminis (Bienstock)

B. albus (Eisenberg)

B. albus anaerobiescens (Vaughan) . .
B. albus cadaveris (Strassmann and

Strieker).

B. albus putidus (Maschek)

B. alkaligenes

B. of Allantiasis (Miiller)

B. allantoides (Klein)

B. allii (Griffiths)

B. of Alopecia Areata (Kasauli and

Sabourand).

B. alvei (Cheshire and Cheyne)

B. amylobacter (Grueber)

B. amylobacter (Van Senus)

B. amylobacter (Van Tieghem)

B. amylovorus (Burrill)

B. "amylozyme" (Perdrix)

B. anaerobicus liquefaciens (Sternberg)

B. antenniformis (Ravenel)

B. anthracis (Rayer and Davaine)

B. anthracis claviformis (Chauveau
and Phisalix).

B. aquaticus liquefaciens (Podrowsky)

B. aquatilis (Lustig)

B. aquatilis (P. and G. C. Frankland) .

B. aquatilis fluorescens (Lustig)

B. aquatilis graveolens (Tataroff) ....

B. aquatilis radiatus (Zimmermann) .

B. aquatilis solidus (Lustig)

B. aquatilis sulcatus (Weichselbaum) .

B. arborescens (P. and G. C. Frank-
land).

B. arborescens nonliquefaciens (Rav-
enel) .

B. argenteo-phosphorescens (Katz) . . .

B. argenteo-phosphorescens liquefa-
ciens (Katz).

B. aromaticus (Pammel)

B. aurantiacus (P. and G. C. Frank-
land).

B. aurescens (Ravennel)

B. aureus (Adametz)

B. avisepticus

B. "B" (Hoffmann)

B. baccarinii (Machiati)

B. of Bang

B. beri-bericus (Lacerda)

B. berolinensis indicus (Claessen)

B. bienstockii (Bienstock)

B. bifidus

B. boocopricus (Emmerling)

B. botulinus

B. of Bovet

B. brassicae (Pommer)

B. brevis (Mori)

B. bronchicanis

B. bronchitidis putridae (Lumnitzer) . .
B. brunneus (Adametz and Wich-
mann).

B. buccalis (Vignal)

B. buccalis maximus (Miller)

B. bulgaricus

B. butylicus (Fitz)

B. butyri fluorescens (Lafar)

Where Found.

Characters.

Uterus of cow

Air, vinegar

Blood in acute rheumatic fever. .

Milk

Well water

Distillery yeast-mash

Liver, yellow-fever cadaver

Peritoneum

Healthy alimentary tract

Blood and viscera in cases of infec-
tious emphysema.

Meningitis

Air and water

Skin in seborrhea

Feces

Water

Water

Blood of cadaver

Water

Feces

Poisonous sausage, "Blunzen" . . .

Air

Decaying onions

Hair and scalp

Bee larvae, foul brood

Flour

Fermenting cellulose

Arable soil, manure

Pear blight

Water (Paris)

Intestines, yellow-fever cadaver. .

Soil

Blood in cases of anthrax, water,

soil.
Anthrax, soil, etc

Water

Water (Aosta)
Well water (Kent) ,

Water

Water (Dorpat) . . .

Water

Water

Water (Vienna) . . .
Water (Thames) . .

Soil

Sea-water, decaying fish .
Sea-water

On cabbage leaves .
Well water

Soil

Air and water

Blood of chickens

Diseased larvae of Liparis mon-

acha.
"Mai nero," or gummosis of

grape-vines.
Same as B. abortus.

Blood in cases of beri-beri

Water (Spree)

Human feces

Feces of nurselings

Cow dung

Pork, sausage, and other meat . . .

Intestine in case of enteritis

Infusions of cabbage

Sewage (Berlin)

In cases of canine distemper

Cases of putrid bronchitis

Water

Pathogenic for mammals.

Zymogenic.

Specificity disputed.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Causes pericolonic adhesions.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic, pathogenic.

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic

Nonpathogenic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic (green)

Pathogenic, chromogenic (brick

red).
Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.
Symbiotic-zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic, phyto-pathogenic.
Zymogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (yellowish).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic

(orange).
Saprophytic.

: Photogenic.
! Photogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromoparous (red-orange).

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (golden-yellow).
Pathogenic for birds, rabbits.
Pathogenic.

Phytopathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromoparous (indigo-blue).
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic through its toxin.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Normal human saliva . . .
Mouth of man, common .

Milk

On cereals, common. . . .
Milk, butter

Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (golden-yellow).
Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.
Chromoparous (green).

BACILLI

112

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— {Continued.)

Name.

B. butyricus (Prazmowski)

B. "C" (Foutin)

B. cadaver is (Sternberg)

B. canalis capsulatus (Mori)

B. canalis parvus (Mori)

B. candicans (Frankland)

B. of Canestrini

B. capsulatus (Mori)

B. capsulatus mucosus (Fasching)

B. capsulatus smithii (Theobald Smith)

B. carabiformis (Kaczynsky)

B. carnicolor (Tils)

B. carotarum (A. Koch)

B. caucasicus (Kern) (Syn. B. Kephir,
Sorokin) .

B. caulivorus (Galloway)

B. caviar fortuitus (Sternberg)

B. cavicidus havaniensis (Sternberg) . .

B. cavicidus (Brieger)

B. of Cazal and Vaillard

B. of Chancroid (Ducrey)

B. chauvsei (Bollinger and Feser)

B. of Cholera in Ducks (Cornil and

Toupet).
B. choleroides (Bujwid)

B. chromo-aromaticus (Galtier)

B. of Chyluria (Wilson)

B. cinctus (Ravenel)

B. circulans (Jordan)

B. cloacae (Jordan)

B. coeruleus (A. J. Smith)

B. coeruleus (Voges)

B. coli communior

B. coli communis (Escherich)

B. coli concentricus (Fitzpatrick)

B. coli icteroides (Fitzpatrick)

B. coli similis (Sternberg)

B. of Colomiatti

B. of Conjunctival Catarrh (Koch) . . .

B. constrictus (Zimmermann)

B. coprogenes fcetidus (Schottelius) . . .
B. coprogenes parvus (Eisenberg) ....

B. corallinus (Slater)

B. corticallis (Haenlein)

B. crassus aromaticus (Tataroff)

B. crassus sputigenus (Kreibohm)

B. cuneatus (Rivolta)

B. cuniculicidus (Koch and Gaffky) . .

B. cuticularis (Tils)

B. cuticularis albus (Tataroff)

B. cyaneo-fiuorescens (Zangemeister) . .

B. cyaneo-fuscus (Beyerinck)

B. cyaneo-phosphorescens (Katz)

B. cyanogenus (Ehrenburg-Hueppe) . . .

-B. cyanogenus (Jordan)

B. cystiformis (Clado)

B. "D" (Foutin)

B. of Dantec

B. delicatulus (Jordan)

B. of Demme

B. dendriticus (Bordoni-Uffreduzzi) . . .
B. denitrificans (Giltray and Aberson)

B. dentalis viridans (Miller)

B. devorans (Zimmermann)

B. dianthi (Arthur and Bolley)

B. diatrypeticus casei (Baumann)

B. diffusus (P. and G. C. Frankland) . .

Where Found.

Ropy milk, water, soil

Hailstones

Yellow-fever cadaver

Sewage (Berlin)

Sewage (Berlin)

Soil

Diseased bees

Sewage (Berlin)

Nasal secretions, influenza (man) .

Intestines of swine

Stomach of dog

Water (Freiburg)

Carrots and beets

Kephir granules

Potatoes and pelargoniums ......

Guinea-pigs, exudates after inocu-
lation with liver of yellow-fever
cadaver.

Intestine of yellow-fever cadaver.

Human feces

Cheesy nodules of peritoneum
and pancreas.

Soft chancres

Tissues of animals with "quarter
evil."

Blood of ducks

Water

Diseased pig

Chylous urine

Soil

Water

Water and in corn affected with
"Burrill's disease."

Water (Schuylkill)

Water

A form of B. coli communis, but
with different cultural proper-
ties.

Intestines of men and animals
(common) .

Alimentary tract in yellow-fever
cases.

Yellow-fever cadaver

Human liver

Conjunctivitis and xerotic masses
in eye.

Cases of "pink eye"

Water (Chemnitz)

Earth and intestines of hogs

Human feces

Atmospheric dust

Sour pine-bark liquor

Water (Dorpat)

Human sputum

Carcasses of domestic animals . . .

Water (Panke)

Water (Freiburg)

Water (Dorpat)

Blue milk

Blue cheese ; glue

Sea-water

Blue milk

Water

Urine in case of cystitis

Hailstones

Salt codfish which has turned red.

Water (Lawrence)

Blood in cases of erythema nodo-
sum.

Water (Turin)

Soil and air

Carious dentine

Well-water

Bacteriosis of carnations

Cheese

Soil and water

Characters.

Zymogenic.

Chromoparous (reddish-yellow).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic, chromogenic (pink).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (flesh-color) .

Saprophytic.

Symbiotic-cymogenic with Sac-

charomyces kefir.
Phytopathologic.
Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

No growth in artificial cultures.
Pathogenic, symbiotic-zymogenic

with Micrococcus acidi para-

lactici.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic, methyl mercaptan

odor.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.
Zymogenic, chromogenic (bright

yellow) .
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (blue).
Chromoparous (blue).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (cadmium-yellow)

Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (coral-red).

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic, fruit-like odor.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (yellow).

Saprophytic.

Chromoparous (blue).

Chromoparous (blue).

Photogenic, chromoparous

(green).
Chromoparous (blue).
Chromoparous (blue).
Pathogenesis undetermined.
Saprophytic.
Chromogenic (red).
Zymogenic, thermophilous.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Phytopathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow).

BACILLI

113

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Characters.

B. diphtheriae (Klebs and Loeffler) . . .
B. diphtheriae columbarum (Loeffler) . .
B. diphtheriae vitulorum (Loeffler)
B. dysenteriae (Chantemesse and

Widal).

B. dysodes (Zopf)

B. Eberth's. See B. typhi abdominalis.
B. endocarditidis capsulatus (Weich-

selbaum).

B. enteritidis (Gaertner)

B. entomotoxicon (Duggar)

B. epidermidis (Bizzozero)

B. erodens (Ravenel)

B. erysipelatos leporis (Koch)

B. erysipelatos suis (Koch) |

B. erythrosporus (Eidam) j

B. ethaceticus (P. Frankland, Fox, |

and Macgregor).
B. ethaceto-succinicus (P. Frankland

and Frew).
B. expneumo-enteritide suis (Klein) . . .
B. facultatus (Sadebach and Fraenkel)

B. figurans (Vaughan)

B. filiformis (Tils)

B. filiformis havaniensis (Sternberg) .

B. of Fiocca

B. fissuratus (Ravenel)

B. fitzianus (Zopf)

B. flavescens (Pohl)

B. flavocoriaceus (Adametz and Wich-
mann) .

B. flavus (Mace)

B. fluorescens albus

B. fluorescens aureus (Zimmermann) .
B. fluorescens liquefaciens (Fluegge) .

B. fluorescens longus (Zimmermann) .
B. fluorescens minutissimus

B. fluorescens nivalis (Schmolck) ....
B. fluorescens nonliquefaciens (Eisen-
berg and Krueger).

B. fluorescens ovalis (Ravenel)

B. fluorescens putidus (Fluegge)

B. fluorescens tenuis (Zimmermann)
B. fluorescens undulatus (Ravenel) .

B. foetkius (Passet)

B. foetidus lactis (Jensen)

B. foetidus ozaenae (Hajek)

B. formosus (Ravenel)

B. of Fulles

B. fulvus (Zimmermann)

B. fuscus (Schroetter)

Diphtheric membranes

Diphtheric exudates in pigeons. . .
Diphtheric exudates in calves. . . .
Intestines in dysentery cadavers . .

Bread

Viscera in cases of endocarditis . . .

Intestines in allantiasis

Diseased squash-bugs (Anasatris-
tis).

Epidermis between toes

Soil

Erysipelas in rabbit

Erysipelas in hogs

Putrefying egg-albumen, water . . .
Sheep-dung

In a solution of ammonio-ferric
citrate.

Swine with hog cholera

In nonmalignant pharyngeal my-
cosis.

Water

Water (Freiburg)

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver

Saliva of cats and dogs

Soil

Hay-dust, manure, soil

Marsh water

Water

Water

Water

Water

Air and water

Water

Water, decomposing infusions .

Glacier ice and water.
Water and in butter .

B. fuscus (Zimmermann)

B. fuscus limbatus (Scheibenzuber) . .
B. gangliformis (Ravenel)

B. gasoformans (Eisenberg) Water

B. gaytoni (Cheshire)

B. geminus major (Ravenel)

B. geminus minor (Ravenel)

B. ginglymus (Ravenel)

B. glaucus (Maschek)

B. "Golden-yellow Water" (Adametz
and Wichmann).

B. gossypinus (Stedman)

B. gracilis (Zimmermann)

B. gracilis anaerobiescens (Vaughan) . .

B. gracilis cadaveris (Sternberg)

B. granulatus (Babes)

B. granulosus (Russell)

B. graveolens (Bordoni-Uffreduzzi) . . .

B. of Grouse Disease (Klein)

B. of Guillebeau (Freudenreich)

Soil

Water

Water

Soil

Soil

Milk in Jutland dairies. .
Nasal secretions in ozena .

Soil

Soil

Air and water

Putrid infusions of maize.

Air and water

Rotten eggs, water

Soil.

Diseased honey-bees .

Soil

Soil

Soil

Water

Water

B. gummosus (Happ)

B. guttatus (Zimmermann)
B. "h" (Rosenberg)

Bacteriosis of cotton plant

Water

I Water

Human liver

Air

Sea-mud

Epidermis between toes

; Viscera of diseased grouse

. Ropy milk and inflamed udders of
cows.

Ropy infusions of digitalis

Water

Water (Main)

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic, pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (red).

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (yellow) .

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow).

Chromogenic (sulphur-yellow).

Chromogenic (golden-yellow) .

Chromoparous (yellow).

Chromoparous (pale yellow).

Zymogenic, chromoparous (fluor-
escent green).

Chromoparous (yellowish-green).

Zymogenic, chromogenic (blue-
green) .

Chromoparous (green).

Zymogenic, chromoparous (fluor-
escent-green) .

Saprophytic.

Zj'mogenic, chromoparous (yel-
low).

Chromoparous (greenish-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (gamboge-yellow).

Zymogenic, chromogenic (yel-
low).

Chromogenic (chrome-yellow).

Chromogenic (brown).

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic (dark-
yellow) .

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (gray).

Chromogenic (shining yellow).

Phytopathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Chromoparous.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic, pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Chromoparous (violet).

BACILLI

114

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Characters.

B. halophilus (Russell)

B. hansenii (Raspmussen)

B. havaniensis (Sternberg)

B. havaniensis liquefaciens (Sternberg)

B. of Havelburg

B. helvolus (Zimmermann)

B. heminecrobiophilus (Arloing)

B. hepaticus fortuitus (Sternberg) . . . .

B. hominis capsulatus (Bordoni-

Uffreduzzi).
B. of Horse-pox (Dieckerhoff and

Grawitz) .
B. hyacinthi septicus (Heinz)

B. hyalinus (Jordan) . . . .

B. hydrophilus fuscus (Sanarelli)

B. of Ice-cream Poisoning (Vaughan

and Perkins).
B. icteroides (Sanarelli)

B. of Icterus (Karlinsky and Ducamp) .
B. ilidzensis capsulatus (Karlinsky) . . .

B. implexus (Zimmermann)

B. incanus (Pohl)

B. indicus (Koch)

B. indigoferus (Claessen)

B. indigoferus (Voges)

B. indigogenes (Alparez)

B. inflatus (A. Koch)

B. influenza? (Pfeiffer)

B. of Intestinal Diphtheria of Rabbits
(Ribbert).

B. intestinus motilis (Sternberg)

B. inunctus (Pohl)

B. invisibilis (Vaughan)

B. iridescens (Tataroff)

B. janthinus (Zopf)

B. of Jefferies . .

B. of Jequirity Ophthalmia (de Wecker

and Sattler).
B. of Kartulis

B. "Kiel." See B. ruber kielensis.

B. of Kitasato. See B. pestis bubonicce

B. of Koubasoff

B. lacmus (Schroeter)

B. lactis acidi (Marpmann)

B. lactis aerogenes (Abelous)

B. lactis albus (Loeffler)

B. lactis cyanogenus (Hueppe)

B. lactis erythrogenes (Hueppe and
Baginsky).

B. lactis peptonans (Sterling)

B. lactis pituitosi (Loeffler)

B. lactis saponacei (Weigmann and
Zirn).

B. lactis viscosus (Adametz)

B. of Laser

B. latericeus (Adametz and Wich-
mann) .

B. Lemon-yellow (Maschek)

B. leporis lethalis (Gibier and Stern-
berg).

B. leprae (Armauer and Hansen)

B. leptosporus (L. Klein)

B. of Lesage

B. lethalis (Babes)

B. of Letzerich

B. of Lichen ruber (Laser)

B. limbatus acidi lactici (Marpmann) ,

B. limosus (Russell) ,

B. liodermos (Loeffler)

B. liquefaciens (Eisenberg) ,

Sea-mud

Air and water

Water

Epidermis

Stomach of yellow-fever cadaver .

Water

Callous lymphatic glands hi
guinea-pig.

Exudate of guinea-pig after in-
oculation with liver of yellow-
fever cadaver.

Cadaver of a rag-picker

Pustules of horses having acne

contagiosa.
White rust of hyacinth bulbs and

onions.

Water, sewage

Well water (Sienna)

Ice cream and cheese . . .

Alimentary tract, yellow-fever
cadaver.

Blood in case of infectious icterus .

Hot sulphur springs (Ilidze, Bos-
nia).

Water

Swamp-water

Stomach, E. Indian ape

Water

Water

Infusion of indigo-plant leaves . . .

Air

Air; nasal secretions in influenza .
Rabbits

Intestine, yellow-fever cadaver . . .

Swamp-water

Water

Water

Water (Panke) . . . ,

Alvine discharges in summer diar-
rhea.

Infusions of jequirity seed and in
jequirity ophthalmia.

Conjunctiva in Egyptian catarrhal
conjunctivitis.

Carcinoma of stomach

Water

Milk

Alimentary tract in healthy
persons.

Milk

Blue milk

Red milk

Pasteurized milk

Slimy milk

Soapy milk

Water and ropy milk

Diseased mice

Water.

Water

Intestines of yellow-fever cadaver

Leprous tubercles

Air

Green alvine discharges in infants
Tissues in case of septicemia ....

Urine in nephritis

Lymph in Lichen ruber

Milk'.

Sea-water and mud

Water and milk

Water, frequent

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (yellow).

Chromogenic (blood-red).

Chromogenic (blood-red) .

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (Naples-yellow)

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Phy topathogenic .

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic, produces

amaril.
Pathogenesis undetermined.
Thermophilous.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Chromoparous (red-yellow) .
Chromogenic (indigo-blue).
Chromoparous (blue).
Pathogenic, zymogenic, chromo-
parous (indigo-blue).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow) .

Zymogenic, chromoparous (vio

let).
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic.
Chromoparous (blue).
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromoparous (blue, triphenyl-

rosanilin) .
Chromoparous (red).

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.
Chromogenic (brick-red).

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow).
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

BACILLI

115

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Characters.

B. liquefaciens bovis (Arloing)

B. liquefaciens communis (Sternberg) .
B. liquefaciens lactis amari (Freuden-

reich).
B. liquefaciens magnus (Luederitz) . . .
B. liquefaciens parvus (Luederitz) ....
B. liquidus (P. and G. C. Frankland) .

B. litoralis (Russell)

B. lividus (Plagge and Proskauer) ....

B. lucens (Van Tieghem)

B. of Lucet

B. of Lungs of Cattle

B. lupuliperda (Behrens)

B. of Lustgarten

B. luteus (Dobrzyniecki)

B. luteus (Fluegge)

B. luteus suis (Salmon and Smith) ....
B. of Lymph in Fishes (Oliver and
Richet).

B. lyssae (Pasteur)

B. magenta (Pearmain and Moor) ....

B. maidis (Cuboni)

B. malariae (Klebs and Tommasi-
Crudeli).

B. mallei (Loeffler)

B. marsiliensis (Rietsch and Jobert) . .

B. martinez (Sternberg)

B. of Measles (Canon and Pielicke) . . .

B. of Meconium

B. megaterium (de Bary)

B. megatherium (Ravenel)

B. melanosporus (Eidam)

B. melitensis

B. melochloros (Winkler and Schroeter)

B. membranaceus amethystinus (Eis-

enberg).
B. meningitidis purulent^ (Naumann

and Schaeffer).

B. merismopoedioides (Zopf)

B. mesentericus fuscus (Fluegge)

B. mesentericus niger (Biel and Lunt) .
B. mesentericus ruber (Globig)

B. mesentericus vulgatus (Fluegge) . . .

B. of Miller

B. mirabilis (Hauser)

B. mollusci (Domenico)

B. mucosis capsulatis (Friedlander) . . .

B. mucosus ozaenae (Lowenberg)

B. multiformis trichorrhexidis (Ho-

dara) .

B. multipediculosus (Fluegge)

B. murisepticus (Gaffky)

B. murisepticus pleomorphus (Karlin-

sky).

B. muscoides (Liborius)

B. mycoides (Fluegge)

B. mycoides roseus (Scholl)

B. necrophorus (Loeffler)

B. of Necrosis of Liver in Badgers

(Eberth).
B. of Necrosis of Liver in Guinea-pigs

(Eberth).

B. of Nocard

B. No. 41 (Conn)

B. nodosus parvus (Lustgarten)

B. nubilus (P. and G. C. Frankland) . .

B. ochraceus (Zimmermann)

B. oedematis aerobicus (Klein) .......

B. cedematis maligni (Pasteur, Jou-
bert, and Chamberlain). (Vibrion
septique of the French.)

B. oleae (Prillieux and Bioletti)

B. oleae tuberculosis (Savartane)

Lungs of diseased ox

Yellow-fever feces

Bitter cream

Mice inoculated with soil

Mice inoculated with soil

Water (Thames, common)

Sea-mud

Water (Berlin)

Water

Dysentery of fowls

Cattle

Hops that had become "warm". .

Syphilitic lesions

Carious teeth

Air

Perivisceral fluid of hogs

Fishes

Hydrophobic saliva

Water

Feces of pellagra patients

Air and soil; Roman campagnia. .

Cases of glanders

Swine and ferrets affected with

plague.
Liver of yellow-fever cadaver. . . .

Blood in cases of measles

Meconium

Water and soil

Soil

Air

Spleen

Wormy apples

Well-water (Spolato)

Pus in case of purulent meningitis

Sewage, soil

Air, water, soil, hay-dust

Potatoes

Water, and on potatoes

Air, water, milk, potatoes; fre-
quent.

Intestinal tract of healthy persons

Decaying animal matter

Molluscum contagiosum

Lungs in pneumonia infrequent . .

Mucous membrane of nostrils

Diseased hairs in trichorrhexis
nodosa barba.

Air and water

Water (Panke)

Uterine discharges

Water, soil, cow-dung

Soil, water, hail

Soil

Eye of rabbit inoculated with

condyloma.
Badger

Guinea-pigs

Abscesses in cattle having farcy. .

Butter

Healthy human urethra

Water (Thames)

Water

Exudates of guinea-pigs inocu-
lated with garden soil.

Soil, dust, intestines of man and
mammals, also in musk.

Disease of olive tree ("olive-
knot").
Disease of olive tree

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromoparous (blue).

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Thermogenic, zymogenic, odor

of trimethylamin.
Specific pathogenesis disputed.
Chromoparous (yellow).
Chromoparous (yellow).
Chromogenic (yellowish-red).
Pathogenesis undetermined.

Specific pathogenesis disputed.
Chromogenic (carmin or mag-
enta) .
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.
Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Chromogenic (brown).
Chromogenic (black).
Pathogenic for Malta fever.
Pathogenic, chromogenic (emer-
ald-green).
Chromoparous (dark violet).

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Chromoparous (black).
Zymogenic, chromogenic (pink

to red).
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis disputed.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Chromogenic (red).
Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Phy topathogenic .
Phytopathogenic.

BACILLI

116

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Characters.

B. oogenes fluorescens (Zoerken-

doerf er) .
B. oogenes hydrosulphuricus (Zoerken-

doerfer).
B. "Orange-red" (Adametz and Wich-

mann) .

B. orthobutylicus (Grimbert)

B. of Osteomyelitis (Kraske and

Becker).

B. ovatus minutissimus (Unna)

B. oxalaticus (Zopf)

B. oxytocus perniciosus (Wyssoko-

witsch).

B. panificans (Laurent)

B., Paracolon (Gwyn)

B. paratyphosus (Archard and Ben-

saud) .

B. parvus ovatus (Loeffler)

B. (saccharo-bacillus) pastorianus

(Van Laer).

B. peptofaciens (Bernstein)

B. of Perez

B. pestifer (Frankland)

B. pestis bubonicae (Kitasato and

Vers in).

B. phaseoli (E. F. Smith)

B. phlegmonis emphysematosi

(Fraenkel).

B. phosphorescens (Fischer)

B. phosphorescens gelidus (Foerster) . .
B. phosphorescens indicus (Fischer) . . .
B. phosphorescens indigenus (Fischer) .

B. phosphoreus (Cohn)

B. phylloxericidus (Dubois)

B. pinnatus (Ravenel)

B. pituitosi (Loeffler)

B. plicatus (Zimmermann)

B. pneumoniae friedlanderi (Friedlan-

der).

B. pneumonicus agilis (Schou)

B. pneumosepticus (Babes)

B. polymyxus (Prazmowsk-i)

B. polypiformis (Liborius)

B. prausnitzii

B. prodigiosus (Ehrenberg)

B. proteus fluorescens (Jaeger)

B. of Pseudodiphtheria (Belfanti)

B. pseudoedema (Liborius)

B. Pseudopneumonicus (Fluegge)

B. pseudosepticus (Bienstock)

B. pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer)

B. pseudotuberculosis (Rabinowitsch) .
B. pseudotuberculosis in Rabbits

(Eberth).
B. pseudotuberculosis rodentium

(Pfeiffer).
B. psittacosis (Widal and Sicard)

B. puerperalis (Engel and Spillmann) .

B. pulpae pyogenes (Miller)

B. punctatus (Zimmermann)

B. of Purpura haemorrhagica (Babes
and Kolb).

B. putrificus coli (Bienstock)

B. of Pyemia (Beltzow)

B. pyocyaneus (Gessard)

B. pyogenes foetidus (Passet)

B. pyogenes soli (Bolton)

B. radiatus (Luederitz)

B. radiatus aquatilis (Zimmermann) . .
B. radicicola (Byerinck)

B. radiciformis (Tataroff)

B. radicosus (Zimmermann)

B. ramosus (P. and G. C. Frankland)

Rotten eggs

Rotten eggs

Water

Fermenting leguminous seeds
Cases of osteomyelitis

Skin in eczema seborrhoeicum . . . .

Air

Milk

Bread

Blood in infections resembling

typhoid fever.
In case of paratyphoid

Carcass of hog

Beer-wort

Milk

In cases of ozena

Air

Blood and lymphatics in bubonic
plague.

Parasitic on legumes

Pus in emphysema

Sea-water

Luminous sea-fish

Sea-water

Sea-water, and on fishes

Sea-water, and on fishes

Soil, manure

Soil

See B. lactis pituitos.

Water

Pulmonary exudates in croupous
pneumonia.

Pneumonia of rabbit

Blood in case of septic pneu-
monia.

Vegetable infusions

Cow-dung .

Water, soil

Food materials, etc

Viscera of diseased fowls

Human mouth and throat

Mice inoculated with garden soil .

Pus

Exudates in mice inoculated with
feces.

Viscera of horse

Butter

Tuberculosis nodule in rabbits . . .

Found in rats ;

Blood of parrots and human
beings having psittacosis.

Cases of puerperal sepsis

Gangrenous tooth pulp

Water (Chemnitz) .

Viscera of purpura cadaver

Water, feces

Blood in pyemia

Air, dust, water, pus

Pus

Exudates of rat inoculated with

garden soil.
Exudates of mice and guinea-pigs

inoculated with garden soil.

Water

Tubercles of leguminous plants,

arable soil.

Water

Water

Soil, water (Thames)

Zymogenic, chromoparous (pale

green).
Zymogenic.

Chromoparous (orange-red).

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Chromogenic (ocherous).
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Photogenic.

Photogenic.

Photogenic.

Photogenic.

Photogenic.

Pathogenic to phylloxera..

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (grayish).
Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic (red).

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic. '

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenesis undetermined.

Closely allied to B. pestis.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic, chromo-
parous (blue to verdigris-
green, pyocyanin).

Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (ochre-yellow).
Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.

BACILLI

117

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.)

Name.

B. ramosus (Eisenberg and Fraenkel)
B. ramosus liquefaciens (Fluegge) . . .

B. ranicida (Ernst)

B. reticularis (Jordan)

B. rheumarthritidis (Kuessmaul) ....

B. "Rhine water" (Burri)

B. rhinitis atrophicus

B. rhinoscleromatis (Cornil and Al-
varez) .
B. rodonatus (Ravenel)

Where Found.

"Der rothe Bacillus" (Lustig) .
B. rubefaciens (Zimmermann)
B. rubellus (Okada)

B. ruber (Frank)

B. ruber kielensis (Breunig)

B. ruber ovatus (Bruyning)

B. rubescens (Jordan)

B. rubidus (Eisenberg)

B. saccharo-butyricus (von Klecki) . . .
B. sanguinis typhi (Brannan and

Cheesman) .
B. saprogenes (Rosenbach)

B. saprogenes vini (Kramer)
B. satellitis

B. of Scarlet Fever (Crooke)

B. schafferi (Freudenreich)

B. of Scheurlen

B. of Schimmelbusch

B. schutzenbergii

B. scissus (Frankland)

B. of Seborrhea (Sabouraud)

B. secalis (Burrill)

B. "Seidenglanzender" (Tataroff) ,
B. of Senile Gangrene (Tricomi) .

B. septicaemia? haemorrhagicae (Stern-
berg) .

B. septicus acuminatus (Babes)

B. septicus agrigenus (Nicolaier) ....
B. septicus keratomalaciae (Babes) . . .

B. septicus sputi (Kreibohm)

B. septicus sputigenus (Fluegge)

B. septicus ulceris gangraenosi (Babes)

B. septicus vesicae (Clado)

B. sessilis (Klein)

B. smaragdinus phosphorescens (Katz)

B. smaragdinus foetidus (Reimann) . . .
B. of Smegma (Bunge and Trauten-
roth).

B. solanacearum (E. F. Smith)

B. solidus (Luederitz)

B. solitarius (Ravenel)

B. sorghi (Kellermann and Swingle) . .
B. of Southern Cattle Plague (F. S.

Billings).

B. spiniferus (Unna) .

B. stolonatus (Adametz and Wich-

mann) .

B. stoloniferus (Pohl)

B. striatus albus (von Besser)

B. striatus flavus (von Besser)

B. striatus viridis (Ravenel)

B. stuetzeri (Lehmann and Neumann)

B. suaveolens

B. subflavus (Zimmermann)

B. subtilis (Ehrenberg)

B. subtilis simulans (Bienstock)

B. of Sugar-beet Disease (Arthur and

Golden).

B. sulph-hydrogenus (Miquel)

B. sulphureum, I (Holschewnikoff) . . .
B. sulphureum, II (Holschewnikoff) . .
B. superficialis (Jordan)

Water

Air, water

Water; frogs dead of septicemia. .

Sewage

Effusions in joints in articular
rheumatism.

Water (Rhine)

Nasal secretions

Tubercles in rhinoscleroma

Soil.

Water

Water

Guinea-pigs after inoculation with
street dust.

Water

Water (Kiel)

Blighted sorghum

Sewage

Water

In "Quargelkase"

Blood in typhus fever

Decaying animal matter, fetid

feet, etc.

Wine

In intestinal ulcers in typhoid

fever.
Throat in anginose scarlet fever. .
"Puffy" and "Nissler" cheese. . . .

Mammary epithelia

Necrotic tissues in noma

Sewage

Soil

Hair and scalp

See B. zea.

Well-water (Dorpat)

Blood and tissues in cases of senile

gangrene.
Blood in septicemia

Characters.

Blood in septic infection

Garden soil

Cadaver; septicemia following

ker ato -malac ia.

Human saliva

Healthy and pneumonic sputum . .
Cadaver: septicemia following

gangrene.

Urine in cystitis

Blood of cow

On luminous fishes

Nasal secretions in ozena
Smegma

Brown rot of solanaceous plants . .
Mice after inoculation with garden
soil.

Soil

Sorghum blight

Blood of cattle with Texas fever . .

Skin in eczema seborrhoeicum
Water

Marsh-water : .

Healthy nasal secretions

Healthy nasal secretions

Soil

Soil

Water

Water

Air, water, soil; frequent

Human feces

Sugar beets

Water

Urine

Mud

Sewage

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (brown to yel-
low).
Chromoparous (raspberry red) .
Chromogenic (pale pink).
Chromoparous (red).

Chromoparous (blood-red) .

Chromoparous (blood-red) .

Phy topathogenic .

Chromogenic (pale pink).

Chromogenic (brownish-red).

Zymogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic, zymogenic (tri-

methylamin).
Zymogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (brick-red).

Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Photogenic, chromogenic (emer-
ald-green) .
Pathogenic, chromogenic (green)
Saprophytic.

Phytopathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.
Phy to pathogenic .
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (grayish-yellow) .
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (sulphur-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (pale-yellow).

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis not established.

Zymogenic; evolves H2S.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (reddish-brown).

Saprophytic.

BACILLI

118

BACILLI

TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Characters.

B. of Swine Plague, Marseilles.
B. sycosiferus fcetidus (Jordan)

B. syncyanus (Ehrenberg)

B. synxanthus (Schroetter) . . . .
B. syphilidis (Lust-garten)

B. tardigradus (Detmers)

B. tartaricus (Grimbert and Ficquet)

B. tenuis sputigenus (Pansini)

B. termo (Mace)

B. terrigenus (Frank)

B. tetani (Nicolaier)

See B. mar siliensis.

Hair and scalp in sycosis .

Water

Milk

Syphilitic new-growths and secre-
tions.

Water

Fermenting solution of calcium
tartrate.

Sputum

Water

Soil

B. thalassophilus (Russell)

B. thermophilus (Miquel)

B. tholoideum (Gessner)

B. tracheiphilus

B. tremelloides (Schottelius)

B. tremulus (Koch)

B. of Trichorrhexis nodosa (Markusfeld).

B. "Trommelschlagel" (Ravenel)

B. tuberculosis (Koch)

B. tuberculosis gallinarum (Maffucci) .

B. of Tuberculosis of Vines

B. tumescens (Zopf)

B. tussis convulsivae (Afanassiew) . . .
B. typhi abdominalis (Eberth)

B. typhi exanthematici (Plotz)

B. typhi murium (Loeffler)

B. ubiquitus (Jordan)

B. ulna (Cohn)

B. ulna (Vignal)

B. of Uptadel (Gessner)

B. urese (Leube) . . .•

B. ureae (Miquel)

B. vacuolatus (Ravenel)

B. vaginalis (Doderlein)

B. varicosus conjunctiva (Gombert) .

B. vascularis (Sternberg)

B. vascularum (Cobb)

B. venenosus (Vaughan)

B. venenosus brevis (Vaughan)

B. venenosus invisibilis (Vaughan) . . .

B. venenosus liquefaciens (Vaughan) .

B. ventriculi (Raczynssky)

B. vermicularis (P. and G. C. Frank-
land).

B. vermiculosus (Zimmermann)

B. of Verruga peruana (Izquierdo) . . .

B. verticillatus (Ravenel)

B. violaceus (Becker)

B. violaceus (Frankland)

B. violaceus laurentius (Jordan)

B. virens (Van Tieghem)

B. virescens (Frick)

B. viridans

B. viridescens liquefaciens (Ravenel) .

B. viridescens nonliquefaciens (Rav-
enel).

B. viridis (Van Tieghem)

B. viridis flavus (Frick)

B. viridis pallescens (Frick)

Arable soil, horse-dung, and tissues
of persons dead of tetanus.

Sea-mud

Air, water, soil, feces, sewage ....
Water, sewage, intestinal tract . . .

The cause of Cucurbit wilt

Water (Freiburg)

Vegetable infusions

Diseased hair

Soil

Sputum and tissues in tubercu-

Tuberculosis in fowls

Diseased grape-vines

Beets

Sputum in cases of pertussis

Water, milk, sewage; and blood,

urine, feces, and tissues of

typhoid-fever patients.

Diseased mice

Air, water, sewage

Egg-albumen

Normal saliva

Intestinal contents (man)

Soil, water, manure, old urine, etc.
Air

Soil

Normal vaginal secretions

Healthy conjunctival sac in man.
Viscera of yellow-fever cadaver . . .

Gummosis of sugar cane

Water

Water

Water

Water

Stomach of dog

Water (Lea)

Water

Nodules in cases of Peruvian wart
Soil

Water

Water

Water

Water

In green sputum .

Water

Soil

Soil

B. viscosus (Van Laer)

B. viscosus cerevisiae (Van Laer)

B. viscosus sacchari (Kramer)

B. viscosus vini (Kramer)

B. vulgaris (Hauser)

B. of Weigmann

B. "Weissen-" (Eisenberg)

B. "Weisser-" (Tataroff)

B. "White" (Maschek) ■'. .

B. "X" (Sternberg)

B. xerosis

B. "Y"

B. "Yellow" (Lustig)

B. of Yersin. See B. peslis bubonicce.

B. zea (Burrill)

B. zurnianus (List)

Water

Water

Air, water (Freiburg)

Ropy beer

Ropy beer and milk ....
Viscous saccharine fluids .

Ropy wine

Putrefying matter

Bitter milk

Water

Well-water (Dorpat) ....

Water

Yellow-fever cadavers . . .

In conjunctiva

In cases of dysentery . . .
Water

Pathogenic.
Chromoparous (blue).
Chromogenic (citron-yellow).
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Thermophilous.

Pathogenic.

Phytopathogenic.

Chromogenic (golden-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic, pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Phytopathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Pathogenic for typhus fever.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromoparous (yellow).

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Phytopathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (flesh-colored).

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Zymogenic.

Chromoparous (deep-violet).

Chromoparous (violet).

Chromoparous (violet).

Chromoparous (green).

Chromogenic (green).

Chromoparous (green).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (green).
Chromogenic (yellowish-green).
Zymogenic, chromogenic (yel-
lowish-green) .
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Non-pathogenic.

Bacteriosis of Indian corn .
Air and water

Saprophytic.

Phytopathogenic .
Zymogenic.

BACTERIA

119

BACTERIA

TABLE OF BACTERIA,

Name.

Where Found.

Primary Characters.

B. accidentalis tetani (Belfanti and

Pescarolo).

B. aceti (Hansen)

B. aceti (Peters)

B. aceticum (Baginsky)

B. aceticum (Zoilder)

B. acidi lactici (Grotenfeld)

B. acne contagiosae (Dieckerhoff and

Grawitz) .

B. aeris minutissimus (Bey)

B. amabilis (Dyar)

B. ambiguus (Wright)

B. amethystinus (Eisenberg)

B. amethystinus mobilis (Germano) . .

B. anaerobicum (Fluegge)

B. annulatus (Wright)

B. apii (Brizi)

B. apthosus (Siegel)

B. aquatilis communis (Zimmermann)
B. aquatilis sulcatus quartus (Weich-
selbaum).

B. aurantiacum (Trelease)

B. aureo-flavus (Adametz)

B. beta? (Arthur and Golden)

B. bovisepticus (Kitt)

B. brassier (Lehn and Conrad)

B. breslaviensis (Van Ermenghem) . . .

B. brunneo-flavus (Dyar)

B. brunneum (Schrdter)

B buccalis fortuitus (Vignal)

B. buccalis minutus (Vignal)

B. of Buffalo Plague (Ratz)

B butyri colloideum (Lafar)

B. campestris (Pammel)

B. of Canary-bird Septicemia (Rieck)
B. capitatum (Davaine)

B. carlsbergense (Hasen)

B. carneus (Tils)

B. catenulus (Dujardin)

B. caudatus (Wright)

B. centrifugans (Wright)

B. chlorinum (Engelmann) ,

B. cholera? columbarum (Leclancler) . ,
B. cholerae gallinarum (Perroncito) . . .
B. chologenes (Stern)

B. chrysogloia (Lafar)

B. citreus (Unna and Tomassoli)

B. citreus cadaveris (Strassmann and
Strecker).

B. coadnutus (Wright)

B. coherens (Wright)

B. coli aerogenes (Lembke)

B. coli anindolicum (Lembke)

B. coli commune (Escherich)

B. coli immobilis (Germano and
Maurea).

B. coli mobilis (Messea)

B. colorabilis (Naunyn)

B. conjunctivitis (Morax)

B. convolutus (Wright)

B. of Corn-stalk Disease (Billings) . . .

B. cuniculi pneumonicus (Beck)

B. cuniculicidus immobilis (Smith) . .

B. cuniculicidus septicus (Lucet) ....
B. cuniculicidus thermophilus (Lucet)

B. decidiosus (Wright)

B. decolorans major (Dyar)

B. decolorans minor (Dyar)

B. delabens (Wright)

Pus in a case of tetanus .

Sour beer and wine . .<

Sour dough

Beer-wort

Beer-wort

Feces, water, milk

Acne contagiosa in horses

Air

Air

Water

Water

Air

Mik

Water

Bacteriosis of celery plants. ."....

Liver and kidneys in cases of

"Maul-" and "Klauenseuche."

Water

Soil

Water

Water

Bacteriosis of sugar-beets .

"Buffelseuche"

Sauerkraut

Poisonous meat

Air

Putrid infusion of maize

Healthy saliva

Healthy saliva

Buffaloes having an infectious
disease.

Butter (frequent)

Decayed turnips

Canaries

Infusion of albuminous sub-
stances.
Air

Water

Putrid urine, blood in typhoid
fever.

Water

Water

Water

Wild pigeons

Chicken cholera

Case of angiocholitis with meni-

ingitis.
Air, water

Epidermis in eczema ,
Human cadaver

Water

Water

Dog-dung

Dog-dung

Abundant in human feces

those of domestic animals.

Feces

and

Typhoid stools

Yellow-fever cadaver

Conjunctival catarrah and chronic
inflammation of conjunctiva.

Water

"Corn-stalk disease" and broncho
pneumonia of cattle.

Lung plague of rabbits

Cause of a spontaneous rabbit
plague.

Epizootic of rabbits

Epidemic of rabbits and guinea-
pigs.

Water

Air

Air

Water

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (canary-yellow).

Chromoparous (bright-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (dark-blue).

Chromogenic (blue-violet).

Zymogenic.

Chromoparous (yellow).

Phytopathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (orange).

Chromogenic (chrome-yellow)

Phytopathogenic .

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic, pathogenic.

Chromogenic (brown to orange).

Chromogenic (brown).

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (golden-yellow).

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic (cad-
mium-yellow).
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (flesh-color).
Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (yellowish).
Zymogenic, chromogenic (green-
ish).
Chromophorous (green).
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Chromoparous (yellow, lipoxan

thin).
Chromoparous (citron-ye'low) .
Chromogenic (citron-yellow).

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic, pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Symbiotic-zymogenic with Bacil

his denitrificans, pathogenic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow).
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

BACTERIA

120

BACTERIA

TABLE OF BACTERIA.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Primary Characters.

B. delta (Dyar)

B. dendriticus (Lustig)

B. denitrificans (Gayon and Dupetit) ,

B. denitrificans (Stuetzer and Burri) . .
B. denitrificans agilis (Ampola and

Garino).
B. diphtheriae avium (Loir and

Duclaux).
B. diphtheriae cuniculi (Ribbert)

B. discissum (Dinwiddie)

B. domesticus (Dyar)

B. dormitator (Wright)

B. dubius (Bleisch)

B. dubius pneumoniae (Bunzl and

Federn).

B. duplicatus (Wright)

B. dysenteriae liquefaciens (Ogata)

B. dysenteriae vitulorum (Jensen)

B. egregium

B. ellenbachensis (Stuetzer and Hart-
leb).

B. emphysematosus (Fraenkel)

B. enchelys (Ehrenberg)

B. endometritidis (Kaufmann)

B. epsilon (Dyar)

B. equi-intestinalis (Dyar and Keith) .
B. eta (Dyar)

B. exanthematicus (Babes and Opres-
cu).

B. exiguus (Wright)

B. f aecalis alcaligenes (Petruschky) . . .

B. fairmontensis (Wright)

B. farinaceum (Wigand)

B. felis septicus (Fiocca)

B. ferrugineus (Dyar)

B. fimbriatus (Wright)

B. finitimus ruber (Dyar)

B. fischeri (Beyerinck)

B. flexuosus (Wright)

B. fluorescens (Lepierre)

B. fluorescens convexus (Wright)

B. fluorescens crassus (Frick)

B. fluorescens foliaceus (Wright)

B. fluorescens immobilis

B. fluorescens incognitus (Wright)

B. fluorescens mutabilis (Wright)

B. fluorescens schuylkilliensis (Wright)
B. friedbergensis (Ebert and Mandry)

B. furfuris (Wood and Wilcox)

B. fuscus liquefaciens (Dyar)

B. fuscus pallidior (Dyar)

B. fusiforme (Warming)

B. gallinarum (Klein)

B. gamma (Dyar)

B. gelatinosum betae (Glazer)

B. geniculatus (Wright)

B. gingivae pyogenes (Miller)

B. gliscrogenum (Malerba and Sanna-

Salaris).
B. gummis (Comes)

B. haematoides (Wright)

B. haemorrhagicus (Kolb)

B. haemorrhagicus nephritidis (Vas-

sale).
B. haemorrhagicus septicus (Babes) . . .
B. haemorrhagicus venenosus (Tizzoni

and Giovannini).
B. of Hemorrhagic Septicemia of

Swans (Fiorentini).

B. hessii (Guillebeau)

B. hudsonii (Dyar)

B. hyacinthi (Wakker)

B. hydrosulphureum ponticum (Zelin-

sky).
B. icterogenes (Guarnieri)

B. indigonaceus (Schneider)

Water

Water

Air, soil, straw, horse-dung, etc. .

Horse manure

Manure

Epizootic of fowls

Intestinal diphtheria of rabbits. .

Milk

Air

Water >

Feces

Rusty sputum of pneumonia ....

Water

Cases of dysentery in Japan ....

Dysentery of calves

Atmospheric dust

Soil and roots of small grains . . .

Gaseous phlegmon

Water

Liver abscess

Air

Horse manure

Air

Hemorrhagic infection in man. .

Water

Feces

Water

Sour dough

Septicemia, cats

Air

Water

Air

Air

Water

Water

Water

Air, water

Water

Air, water

Water

Water

Water

Poisonous sausages

In tanner's bran-plump soak ....

Air

Air.

Sea- water

Enteritis in fowls

Air

Mucigenous beet-juice

Water

Diseased teeth

Mucinous viscid urine

Gummosis of tomatoes, figs,
almonds, oranges, etc.

Water

Septicemia cadaver

Hemorrhagic nephritis

Septicemia in man

Purpura haemorrhagica

Swans

Ropy milk

Air

"Yellows" of hyacinth bulbs

Ooze (Black Sea)

Liver and blood in acute yellow

atrophy of liver; typhoid stools.

Water

Chromogenic (red).
Saprophytic.

Symbiotic-zymogemc with Bac-
terium coli commune.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow).

Chromogenic (bright-yellow).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow, lipoxan-

thin).
Zymogenic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic.
Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.
Chromogenic (pink).
Saprophytic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic (yel-
low).
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (salmon-pink).
Zymogenic, pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (brick-red).
Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (pink-red).
Chromogenic (yellowish).
Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (yellow-green).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (yellowish-green).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (bright-orange).
Chromogenic (pink-orange).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (ocherous).
Zymogenic, phytopathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Pathogenic, chromogenic (yel-
lowish).
Zymogenic, produces gliscrin.

Phytopathogenic.

Chromogenic (blood-red).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (ocherous-orange) .

Phytopathogenic .

Zymogenic (H2S) chromogenic.

(coffee-brown).
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (indigo-blue).

BACTERIA

121

BACTERIA

TABLE OF BACTERIA.— (Continued.)

Name.

B. inutilis (Dyar)

B. javaniensis (Eijikmann)

B. kochii (Hansen)

B. krallii (Dyar)

B. kutzingianum (Hansen)

B. lacticus (Gunther and Thierfelder)

B. lactis (Lister)

B. lactis aerogenes (Escherich)

B. lactis innocuus (Wilde)

B. lacunatus (Wright)

B. larvicida (Dyar)

Where Found.

B. leucaemia? canis (v. Lucet)
B. levans (Lehmann and Wolfrin)

B, lindolum (Fodor) y

B. lineola (Mueller)

B. litoreum (Warming)

B. of Liver Abscess (Korn)

B. lucens (Nuesch)

B. ludwigii (Karlinsky)

B. luminosum (Giard)

B. luminosus (Beyerinck)

B. luteum (List)

B. maddoxii (Miquel)

B. martinezii (Sternberg and Dyar)
B. monachal (Tubeuf)

B. monadiformis (Messea)

B. morbificans bovis (Basenau) ....

B. morbilli (Lanzi)

B. mori (Boyer and Lambert)

B. multistriatus (Wright)

B. muripestifer (Laser)

B. murisepticus (Fluegge)

B. navicula (Reinke and Berthold) .

B. nebulosus (Wright)

B. nexibilis (Wright)

B. nitrificans (Burri and Stuetzer) . .
B. nitroso, formae nova? (Rullmann)

B. oblongum (Boutroux)

B.-cedematis thermophilic (Novy) . .

B. olea? (Archangeli)

B. orchiticus (Kuetscher)

B. ovalis (Wright)

B. oxylacticus (Dyar)

B. pallescens (Henrici)

B. paradoxus (Kruse and Pasquale)

B. pasteurianus (Hansen)

B. periplaneta? (Tichomirow)

B. pfluegeri (Ludwig)

B. phasiani septicus

B. phosphorescens (Cohn)

B. phosphorescens pfluegeri (Foerster)
B. photometricum (Engelmann)

B. pini (Vuillemin)

B. of Pneumonia in Turkeys (Mac-

Fadyean) .
B. pneumonicusliquefaciens (Arloing)

B. pneumosepticus (Klein)

B. porri (Tommasi-Crudeli)

B. of Potato Scab (Bolley)

B. primus fullesii (Dyar)

B. pseudo-conjunctivitis (Kartulis) . . .
B. pseudo-influenza? (Pfeiffer)

B. pseudotyphosus (Loesener)

B. pullulans

B. putidum (Frick and Dyar) .

B. putredinis (Davaine)

B. pyocinnabareus (Ferchmin)

B. pyogenes anaerobicus (Fuchs)

B. pyogenes fcetidus liquefaciens

(Lanz) .
B. pyogenes minutissimus (Kruse)

Air

Air

Air

Air

Sour beer

Milk

Milk

Milk and intestines of milk-fed

animals.

Milk

Water

Diseased larva? of silkworm (Clisio-

campa fragilis).

Dog with leukocythemia

Sour dough

Soil

Water, soil

Sea-water

Case of liver abscess

Phosphorescent meat

Hot sulphur springs of Ilidze,

Bosnia.
Abdominal cavity of Amphipod

Crustacea (Talitrus).

Sea- water

Water

Fermenting urine

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver; air
Diseased larva? of the "nun"

moth (Liparis monache).

Typhoid stools

Cow with puerperal fever

Urine in case of measles

Diseased mulberry trees

Water

Plague of field mice

Mice

Wet rot of potatoes

Water

Water

Soil

Soil

Beer

Guinea-pig inoculated with con

taminated nuclein solution,
Tuberculosis of olive trees
Glandered horse
Water
Air

Primary Characters.

Cheese

Liver in case of dysentery

Beer wort

Diseased cock-roaches (Periplan-
eta orientalis).

Luminous meat and fish

Diseased pheasants

Fish and sea-water

Luminous fish

Water

Galls on alpine pine .
Turkeys

Exudates in lung-plague of cattle

Rusty sputum in pneumonia

Warts

Potatoes

Water

Conjunctival secretions

Secretions in broncho-pneumonia,
otitis media.

Water; liver abscess

Water

Air, water

Decaying plants .
Pus

Stinking pus of rabbit

Brain abscess after otitis media .

Pus in man ,

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (grayish-yellow).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (yellow).

Photogenic.

Thermophilous.

Photogenic, pathogenic.

Photogenic.

Chromogenic (orange-yellow).

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Phy topathogenic .

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Phytopathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Phytopathogenic .

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (bright-yellow) .

Chromogenic (ocherous).

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Photogenic.
Pathogenic.
Photogenic.
Photogenic.
Chromophorous (green) , photo-

philous.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Phytopathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (canary-yellow).

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow).

Zymogenic, chromoparous (yel-
low).

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (red-yellow), odor
of trimethylamin.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic, chromoparous (cit-
ron-yellow).

Pathogenic.

BACTERIA

122

BACTERIA

TABLE OF BACTERIA.— (Continued.)

Name.

Where Found.

Primary Characters.

B. pyriforme (Hansen)

B. recuperatus (Wright)

B. refractans (Wright)

B. rhodochrous (Dyar)

B. rhusiopathiae suis (Kitt)

B. ruber sardinae (Du Bois Saint
Sevrin).

B. rubescens (Lankester)

B. rugosus (Wright)

B. saliva? minutissimus (Wilde)

B. salmoneus (Dyar)

B. salmonica (Emmerich and Weibel) .
B. sanguinarium (Smith and Moore) . .
B. (photobacterium) sarcophilum (Du-
bois).

B. sarraceni cola (Dyar)

B. secundus fullesii (Dyar)

B. septicus putidus (Roger)

B. of Sheep-pox

B. sinuosus (Wright)

B. of Sporadic Pneumonia in Cattle

(Smith).
B. sputigenes crassus (Kreibohm)
B. sputigenes tenuis (Pansini)

B. subochraceus (Dyar)

B. suipestifer (Salmon and Smith) . . .

B. suisepticus (Schutz)

B. sulcatus liquefaciens (Kruse)

B. sulphureum (Rosenheim)

B. tachyctonum (Fischer)

B. termo (Dallinger and Drysdale) . .

B. termo (Vignal)

B. theta (Dyar)

B. tiogensis (Wright)

B. tracheiphilus (Smith)

B. trambustii (Trambusti and Gal-

cotti).
B. tularense

B. ureae (Jaksch)

B. uvae (Cugini and Macchiati)

B. vacuolatus (Dyar)

B. vaginae (Doederlein)

B. of Variola (Cose and Feltz) .
B. vermiforme (Ward)

B. vernicosum (Zopf)

B. violaceum (Bergonzini)

B. violaceus sacchari (Ager and Dyar)

B. viridis (Lesage)

B. xylinum (Brown)

B. zeta (Dyar)

B. zopfii (Kurth)

Air

Water

Water

Air

Erysipelas of swine .
Sardine oil

Water.

Water

Saliva

Air

Trout disease

Infectious leukemia in fowls .
Phosphorescent flesh

Leaf of pitcher-plant

Air

Cholera cadaver

In cases of sheep-pox or "Schaf-
blattern."

Water

Cattle

Sputum

In phthisis and catarrhal pneu-
monia.
Air

Hog cholera

Swine plague

Water

Wine

Stools in cholera nostras .
Putrefactive material . . .
Normal human saliva . . .

Air

Water

Diseased melons

Water

In conjunctivitis and lympha-
denitis.

Ammoniacal urine

Diseased grapes.

Bladders of Utricularia vulgaris .

Vaginal secretions

Vesicles in case of small-pox ....
Ginger-beer

Water

Putrefying egg-albumen .
Air

In "green diarrhea" of children.
Solutions of carbohydrates ....

Air

Intestinal tract of fowls

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (rose-color).

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (carmin-red) , zy-
mogenic, odor of trimethyl-
amin.

Chromophorous (bacterio-pur-
purin).

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (salmon-pink).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Photogenic.

Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (orange).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow-brown).

Zymogenic (evolves H2S).

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (yellowish-gray).

Ocherous.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic for rodents and trans-
missible to man.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (honey -yellow) . *

Zymogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic.

Symbiotic-zymogenic with Sac-
charomyces pyriformis.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (violet).

Chromogenic (violet).

Chromophorous (green).

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (orange-red).

Saprophytic.

Sarcin^.

Tetrads.

4

Staphylococci.

*£

Streptococci.

Diplococci.

Bacteria with Spores.

from a specific bacterium; a bacterial vaccine. See from the patient, b., polyvalent, one containing

vaccine, bacterial. It is a preparation of killed bac- bacteria of the same species but derived from many

teria suspended in a normal saline solution, b., different sources, b., stock, one made from bacteria

autogenous, one prepared from bacteria obtained not obtained from the patient.

BACTERIO-

123

BAEYER'S REACTION

Bacilli of Various Forms.

Bacteria with Capsules.

bacterio- (bak-te-re-o-) [bacterium]. A prefix
meaning relating to bacteria.

bacteriofluorescin (bak-le-re-o-fiu-o-res'-iri). A flu-
orescent coloring-matter produced by the action of
certain bacteria.

bacteriogenic (bak-te-re-o-jen'-ik) [bacterio-; gett-
er are, to produce]. Caused by bacteria.

bacteriogenous (bak-te-re-oj'-en-us). i. Producing
bacteria. 2. Bacteriogenic.

bacteriohemagglutinin (bak-te-re-o-hem-ag-lu' -tin-
in). A hemagglutinin produced in the body by
the action of bacteria; it is very unstable, being
destroyed at 580 C.

bacteriohemolysin (bak-te-re-o-hem-ol'-is-in). A
very unstable hemolysin formed in the body by
bacteria; it is destroyed at 58° C.

bacterioid (bak-te'-re-oid) [bacterio-; el8os, form].
Resembling bacteria; bacteriform.

bacteriological (bak-ie-re-o-loj'-ik-al) . Pertaining
to bacteriology.

bacteriologist (bak-te-re-ol'-o-jist) [bacteriology].
One versed in bacteriology.

bacteriology (bak-te-re-ol'-o-je) [bacterio-; \6yos,
science]. The science and study of bacteria.

bacteriolysin (bak-te-re-ol'-is-in). A specific anti-
body developed in the blood by the action of any one
bacterium and capable of causing the disintegration
of the same bacterium.

bacteriolysis (bak-te-re-ol'-is-is) [bacterio-; Avo-is,
a loosing]. The disintegration of bacteria, usually
by means of a specific antibody.

bacteriolytic (bak-le-re-o-lit'-ik). Possessing a dis-
integrating action upon living bacteria. Pertaining
to bacteriolysis.

bacteriopathology (bak-te-re-o-path-ol'-o-je) [bac-
terio-; pathology]. The science of diseases due to
bacteria.

bacteriophobia (bak-te-re-o-fo'-be-ah) [bacterio-;
<£6/3oy, fear]. A morbid dread of bacteria or other
microorganisms.

bacteriophytoma (bak-te-re-o-fi-to'-mah) [bacterio-;
4>vt6v, a growth]. A newgrowth caused by bacteria.

bacterioplasmin (bak-le-re-c-plaz'-min) [bacterio-;
■n-XdffM-a, anything formed or molded]. One of several
toxic principles or toxalbumins extracted from
pathogenic organisms, as of cholera or typhoid fever,
by pressure.

bacterioprotein (bak-te-re-o-pro'-te-in) [bacterio-;
irpuros, first]. A protein contained in bacteria. A
toxalbumin.

bacteriopurpurin (bak-te-re-o -pur' -pu-rin) [bacterio-;
purpura, purple]. A peach-colored pigment found
in the protoplasm of Beggiatoa roseopersicina.

bacterioscopic (bak-te-re-o-skop'-ik) [bacterio-;
vKoirelv, to view]. Pertaining to bactcrioscopy.

bacterioscopist (bak-te-re-os' -ko-pist) [bacterio-;
oko-kHv, to look]. A person devoted to the investi-
gation of bacteria.

bacterioscopy (bak-te-re-os'-ko-pe) [bacterio-; anoTrtiv,
to inspect]. The microscopic study of bacteria.

Bacteria Showing Flagella.

& 3$

Types of Spirilla.

bacteriosis (bak-te-re-o' -sis) [bacterium]. The
action of bacteria in the system; infection by bacteria.

bacteriotherapeutic (bak-te-re-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [bac-
terio-; therapeutic]. Relating to bacteriotherapy.

bacteriotherapy (bak-te-re-o-ther'-ap-e) [bacterio-;
therapy]. The treatment of disease by the intro-
duction of bacteria or their products into the system.

bacteriotropic (bak-te-re-o-trop'-ik) [bacterio-; rpoirrj,
a turning], A generic term used by Wright to denote
all substances in the blood which turn toward or are
attracted to bacteria. Said of agglutinins.

bacteriotropin (bak-te-re-of -ro-pin) [bacterio-: rpoirri,
a turning]. A principle in the blood which, by its
action on bacteria, aids the phagocytic action of the
leukocytes.

bacteriotoxin (bak-te-re-o-toks'-in). A specific
substance poisonous to bacteria.

bacteritic (bak-ter-it'-ik). Relating to or due to
bacteria.

Bacterium (bak-te'-re-um) [paKT-qpiov, a little stick;
pi., bacteria]. 1. A synonym of Schizomyces or
Microorganism. 2. The word was formerly restricted
to a genus of schizomycetous fungi established by
Ehrenberg (1838) and Dujardin (1841), characterized
by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like forms, without
tendency to unite into chains or filaments. Morpho-
logically, bacteria are spherical (cocci); in the form
of straight rods (bacilli); or of twisted rods (spirilla).
Bacteria are either aerobic, requiring free oxygen
or anaerobic, not requiring free oxygen. Again,
certain forms appear to possess the ability to flourish
in either condition, and are known as facultative
aerobic or facultative anaerobic. Bacteria are either
motile or nonmotile; they may exist as saprophytes,
facultative parasites, strict, obligate, or true parasites.
Those that produce pigment are known as chromo-
genic; those that produce fermentation, as zymogenic;
those that affect adversely the health of plants or
animals, as pathogenic. See Bacteria, Table of (page
119), and special terms under appropriate headings.

bacteriuria (bak-te-re-u'-re-ah) [bacterium; ovpov,
urine]. The discharge of urine containing bacteria.

bacteroid (bak'-ter-oid) [bacteria; eldos, form].
Resembling bacteria.

baculiform (bak-u' -le-form) [baculum, a stick;
forma, form]. Rod-shaped.

Badal's operation (bad-al') [Antoine Jules Badal,
French ophthalmologist, 1840- ]. Rupture of
the infratrochlear nerve for the relief of pain in
glaucoma.

bael (ba'-el). See bel.

Baelz's disease (bailts) [Erwin Baelz, German
physician, 1845-1913]. Progressive ulceration and
destruction of the mucous glands of the lips.

(von) Baer's law [Carl Ernst von Baer, Russian
embyrologist, 1792-1876]. The more special forms
of structure arise out of the more general, and that
by a gradual change. B.'s vesicle, the ovule.

Baeyer's reaction for glucose. Indigo is formed
on boiling a glucose solution with orthonitrophenyl-

BAG

124

BALLOTTEMENT

. propionic acid and sodium carbonate. When the
glucose is in excess, this blue is converted into indigo
white. B.'s reaction for indol, a watery solution of
indol to which have been added 2 or 3 drops of fuming
nitric acid and then a 2 % solution of potassium
nitrite drop by drop, yields a red liquid and then a
red precipitate of nitrosoindol nitrate, Ci6Hi3(NO)-
N21HNO3.

bag [AS., balg], 1. A sac. 2. The scrotum, b.,
intragastric, an elastic rubber bag which, when
folded over a tube which runs through it, occupies
less space than in ordinary stomach-tube, and
which has the exact shape of the stomach when it is
inflated within that organ. It is employed to obtain
the contents of the duodenum, b. of waters, the
fetal membranes inclosing the liquor amnii and
projecting through the os uteri early in labor. The
sac usually ruptures when the cervix is dilated.

bagnio (ban' -yd) [It., bagno, from Latin balneum,
a bath]. 1. A bath-house. 2. A house of prostitution.

Bagot's local anesthesia mixture. Cocaine hydro-
chloride, 0.04 gm. and sparteine sulphate, 0.05 gm.;
this is dissolved in 1 or 2 c.c. of boiled water.

Baillarger's outer band, line, or layer (bi'-yar-gha)
[Jules Gabriel Francois Baillarger, French neurool-
gist, 1806-1891]. A white band in the layer of large
pyramidal cells of the cortex cerebri. See also
Gennari and Vicq d'Azyr. B.'s internal band or line,
a white band between the layer of large pyramidal
cells and the polymorphous layers of the cortex.
B.'s sign, difference in the size of the pupils in
paralytic dementia.

bain-marie (ban-mah-re') [Fr.]. An instrument
for immersing solutions, microorganisms, etc., in
water or chemical solutions, thus keeping them at a
desired temperature.

Bain's method of artificial respiration. A modi-
fication of Sylvester's method (q. v.); the structures
surrounding the axilla are seized so that traction is
made directly upon the pectoral muscles.

Baker's cysts [William Morrant Baker, English
surgeon, 1839- 1896]. Hernial protrusions of the
synovial membrane of the joints through the fibrous
capsule.

bakers' itch. An eczematous affection of the
hands, caused by the irritation of the yeast, b.'s
leg, knock-knee, or genu valgum, b.'s salt. A
synonym of smelling-salts or ammonium bicarbonate;
it is sometimes used by bakers in leavening cakes.
b.'s stigmata, corns on the fingers from kneading
dough.

bakkola (bak'-o-lah). A fungus which grows on
birch trees in Finland; it is used in the form of a
decoction as a cancer-cure.

balance (bal'-ans) [L., bilanx, having two scales].
1. An instrument for weighing. 2. The harmonious
adjustment of related parts, b., electromagnetic,
an apparatus for estimating the intensity of electric
currents, b., thermic. See bolometer, b., torsion,
an instrument for estimating magnetic attraction
and repulsion.

balanic (bal'-an-ik) [/SaXaws, the glans penis].
Pertaining to the glans of the penis or of the clitoris.

balanism (bal'-an-izm) [/SaXcwos, acorn; pessary;
the glans penis]. The application of a pessary or
suppository.

balanitis (bal-an-i'-tis) [Pakavos, the glans penis;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans penis.

balano- (bal-an-o-) [QaXavos, the glans penis]. A
prefix meaning relating to the glans penis.

balanoblennorrhea (bal-an-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [balano-;
pxkwa., mucus; poia, a flow]. Gonorrheal balanitis.

balanocele (bal-an' -o-sel) [balano-; /c^Xr?, a hernia].
The protrusion of the glans through an opening in
the prepuce, as occurs in gangrenous phimosis.

balanoplasty (bal-an' -o-plas-te) [balano-; irXaaaeiv ,
to form]. Plastic surgery of the glans penis.

balanoposthitis (bal-an-o-pos-thi'-tis) [balano-;
irbcrdr), prepuce; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the glans penis and of the prepuce.

balanopreputial (bal-an-o-pre-pu'-she-al) [balano-;
prceputium, prepuce]. Relating to the glans penis
and the prepuce.

balanorrhagia (bal-an-or-a'-je-ah) [balano-; piyy-
vwai, to burst out]. Gonorrheal balanitis, with
copious discharge of pus.

balanorrhea (bal-an-or-e'-ah) balano-; poia, a flow].
Purulent balanitis.

Balantidium (bal-an-lid'-e-um) [PaXavridtov, dim.
of PahLvTiov, a bag]. A genus of protozoa. B. coli,

a protozoan parasite found in the intestine of man
and other vertebrates. B. minutum, a protozoan
found in the feces, smaller than the B. coli.

balanus (bal'-an-us) [fiakavos, an acorn]. 1. The
glans of the prepuce or of the clitoris. 2. A pledget,
suppository, or pessary.

balata (bal-at'-ah) [native Guiana]. The dried
milky juice of the bully-tree, Mimusops balata, and
of several other sapotaceous trees of Guiana. It is
intermediate between caoutchouc and guttapercha,
and is used chiefly in England as a substitute for
these.

balatin (bal'-at-in). The creamy sap from a South
American tree, Mimusops kauki; it is used as a
varnish and vehicle in skin diseases.

Balbiani, body of (bal-be-ah'-ne) [Balbiani, Italian
physician, ]. The yolk-nucleus or idio-

some, a small body seen near the nucleus of the
oocyte.

balbuties (bal-bu'-she-ez) [balbutire, to stammer].
Stammering.

bald (bawld) [ME., balde, bald]. Wanting hair.
A term applied to one who has lost the hair of the
scalp, b. ringworm. See tinea tonsurans.

baldness (bawld' -nes). Loss of hair; alopecia.

Baldy's operation (bawl'-de) [John Montgomery
Baldy, American gynecologist, i860- ]. For
prolapse of the uterus. The uterus is removed at
the internal os, and the cervical stump is fixed to
the abdominal wall at the lower end of the incision
by means of two silkworm-gut sutures; these latter
are made to transfix the cervical stump from side to
side and the free ends are brought through the
peritoneum, muscles, and deep fascia. They are
then securely t ied and cut off short and the knots
are buried, and the abdominal incision is closed.

Balfour's disease [George William Balfour, English
physician, 1822-1903]. A fatal disease of childhood,
with postmortem findings of greenish-yellow or
greenish-gray fibrosarcoma in various parts of the
body, especially the periosteum. Syn., chloroma;
chlorosarcoma.

ball (bawl) [ME., bal]. 1. An object having a round
or spherical shape. 2. In anatomy, any globular part.
3. In veterinary medicine a pill or bolus, b. of foot,
the rounded part at the base of the great toe. b. of
thumb, the rounded part at the base of the thumb.
b., martial, balls made of 2 parts of cream of tartar
and 1 part of iron filings; they were used in the
preparation of ferruginous baths. Syn., boli martis;
globuli martis. b.-and-socket joint. See diarthrosis
and enarthrosis. b.-thrombus, a non-attached ante-
mortem clot in the heart.

Ball's operation. 1. Iliac colotomy, in which the
incision is made in the left semilunar line, and the
bowel secured above and below the future artificial
opening by means of two special clamps, which are
removed after suturing and opening of the bowel.
2. For inguinal hernia; the sac is separated up to
the abdominal portion of the neck, and then twisted
around its own axis, after which the fundus is cut
away and the stump is secured in the ring.

ballet-dancer's cramp. See cramp.

Ballet's disease (bal-la') [Gilbert Ballet, French
ophthalmologist, 1853- ]. Ophthalmoplegia ex-
terna. B.'s sign, the loss of all voluntary movements
of the eyeball, with preservation of the automatic
movements and integrity of the movements of the
pupil. It is seen in B.'s disease, hysteria and ex-
ophthalmic goiter.

Ballingal's disease. Mycetoma.

ballismus (bal-iz'-mus) [/SaXXicrjuos, a leaping].
1. Chorea. 2. Paralysis agitans.

balloon (bal-oon') [Mod. E., baloon, a large bag].
1. In chemistry, a spherical glass receiver with a
short neck. 2. To distend a body -cavity by means
of air-bags or water-bags. b. sickness, an abnormal
condition due to the breathing of an insufficient
amount of oxygen.

ballonnement (bal-lon-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The balloon-
ing or distending of a part for operative or diagnostic
purposes.

ballooning (bal-oon' -ing). Surgical distention of
the vagina or other cavity of the body, by air-bags
or water-bags.

ballottement (bal-ot-mon(g)) [Fr., ballottement,
tossing; shaking about]. A method of diagnosing
pregnancy from the fourth to the eighth month. A
push is given the uterus by the finger inserted into
the vagina, and if the fetus is present, it will rise and

BALM

125

BANDAGE

fall again like a heavy body in water, b., cephalic,
the rebound of the fetal head against the hand when
depressed through the abdominal wall, b., ocular,
the falling of opaque particles in a fluid vitreous humor
after movements of the eyeball.

balm (bahm) [balsamum, a balsam], i. A popular
synonym of balsam. 2. Any soothing application
or ointment. See melissa. b. of Gilead, an oleoresin
obtained from the Balsamodendron gileadense.

bahnony (bal'-mo-ne) [origin uncertain]. The herb
Chelone glabra; cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose
of the fldext. 5 ss-j. Chelonin, the concentrated ext.
Dose gr. j-iv.

balneal (bal'-ne-al). Relating to baths.

balneation (bal-ne-a'-shun) [balneian, a bath].
1. The act of bathing. 2. Balneotherapy.

balneography (bal-ne-og'-ra-fe) [balneum; ypa<f>ij, a
writing]. A treatise on bathing, baths, and mineral
springs.

balneology (bal-ne-ol'-o-je) [balneum; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of baths and mineral waters,
and their effects upon the system.

balneophysiology (bal-ne-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [balneum;
physiology]. The physiology of bathing; the science
of the effects of baths upon the system.

balneotechnics {bal-ne-o-tek'-niks) [balneum, a
bath; rkxvri, an art]. The art of properly preparing
baths as to constituents and temperature and the
administration of them.

balneotherapeutics (bal-ne-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks). See
balneotherapy.

balneotherapy (bal-ne-o-lher'-ap-e) [balneum; depa-
ireia, treatment]. Systematic bathing for thera-
peutic purposes, or the treatment of disease by baths.

balneum (bal'-ne-um) [L.]. A bath. See bath.
b. arenas, a sand-bath. See ammotherapy. b. lac-
teum, a milk-bath. b. luteum, a mud-bath. b.
pneumaticum, an air-bath.

balsam (bawl'-sam) [^aXa-a/iov, the resin of the
balsam-tree]. The resinous, volatile, aromatic sub-
stance, liquid or solid, obtained from certain trees
by natural exudation or by artificial extraction.
Balsams are divided into two classes — those with, and
those without, benzoic and cinnamic acids. In
general they are mixtures of various essential oils,
resins, and acids, b.-apple, the plant Momordica
balsamina, and its warty, gourd-like fruit. It is
purgative, but its tincture is used in domestic medi-
cine chiefly as a vulnerary, b.-bog, a singular stone-
like, woody, umbelliferous plant, Bolax, or Azorella
glebaria, of the Falkland Islands and Patagonia. Its
aromatic gum is locally prized as a vulnerary, desic-
cative, and antigonorrheal remedy, b., Canada,
a turpentine gathered from the natural blisters of
the bark of Abies balsamea. It is used as a mounting-
medium by microscopists. See under turpentine.
b. of copaiba. See copaiba, b. of fir. Same as b.,
Canada, b., friars'. See benzoin, b., Houmiri,
b., Humiri, the fragrant exudate from the trees
Humiria balsamifera and H. floribunda, natives of
South America. It is used as an expectorant and
vermifuge. Syn., Umire. b. of Peru {balsamum
peruvianum, U. S. P.), the balsam obtained from
Toluifera pereirce; antiseptic, stimulant to the circu-
lation, and sedative to the nervous system, tonic
and expectorant. Applied locally, it is useful in
chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Dose of the
emulsion 10-25 min. (0.6-1.5 Cc). b.-root, a
popular name for certain composite-flowered plants
of the genus Balsamorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macro-
phylla, and B. sagittata are common in the Pacific
States and abound in a resinous balsam, b., Samari-
tan, a mixture of equal parts of oil and wine, heated
together, and a tenth part of rosemary leaves, b.,
stimulant, a mixture of 8 parts of turpentine and 1
part of mustard flour, b., sulphur, a mixture of 8
parts of olive oil and 1 part of sublimed sulphur
heated together, b., tagulaway, b., tagulavay, a
yellow oil prepared in the Philippines by boiling the
bark and twigs of the cebu, Parameria vulneraria,
in cocoanut oil; it is used as a vulnerary and in skin
diseases. Syn., cebur; Jagulaway balsam, b. of
Tolu, b. of Tolutan {balsamum tolutanum, U. S. P.),
obtained from Toluifera balsamum. Its properties
are due to a volatile oil, toluene. It possesses an
agreeable odor, and is a basis for many cough-
mixtures. It is expectorant. See also Tolu.

balsamation (bawl-sam-a'-shun) [see balsam].

1. Embalmment with balsamic or aromatic spices.

2. The act of rendering balsamic.

balsamic {bawl-sam' -ik) . Pertaining to or having
the nature or qualities of a balsam, b. tincture,
compound tincture of benzoin.

balsamodendron (bawl-sam-o-den'-dron). See bdel-
lium and myrrh.

balsamum (bawl'-sam-um) [balsam]. A balsam.
b. dipterocarpi. See Gurjun balsam.

Balser's fat-necrosis (bol'-ser) [August Balser,
German surgeon]. An acute disease of the pancreas
with areas of fat-necrosis in the interlobular tissue
of that organ, in the omentum and mesentery, at
times also in the pericardial fat and bone-marrow.

Bamberger's bulbar pulse (bam'-ber-ger) [Heinrich
von Bamberger, Austrian physician, 1822-1888].
Pulsation of the jugular vein, — the bulbus venae
jugularis, — synchronous with the systole, in tricuspid
insufficiency. B.'s disease, saltatory spasm. B.'s
fluid, an albuminous mercuric compound used in the
treatment of syphilis. It is made as follows: To
100 Cc. of a filtered solution of white of egg (con-
taining 40 Cc. of albumin and 60 Cc. of water) there
are added 60 Cc. of a solution of mercuric chloride
(containing 5 %, or 3 Gm., of mercuric chloride and
60 Cc. of a solution of sodium chloride (containing
20 %) ; finally, 80 Cc. of distilled wacer is added, which
brings the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing
0.010 mercuric chloride in every cubic cencimeter.
B.'s hematogenic albuminuria, albuminuria occurring
during the later stages of severe anemia. B.'s sign,
allocheiria; perception of a stimulus applied to the
skin of one extremity at the corresponding place
on the other extremity. B.'s type of hypertrophic
pulmonary osteopathy, a form in which painful
thickenings of the long bones, especially of the
forearm and leg, are a prominent symptom.

bamboo {bam-boo') [E. Ind., bambu]. A popular
name for many tree-like, woody-stemmed grasses,
especially those of the genus Bambusa. Bambusa
arundinacea is employed as an alterative, anthel-
mintic, and depurative. b.-brier, the root of Smilax
sarsaparilla, habitat, southern United States. Its
properties are identical with those of sarsaparilla.
Dose of the fluidextract \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

banana {ban-an'-ah) [Sp.]. The fruit of the
common banana, Musa sapientium, said to be a
valuable alterative, and useful in strumous affections.
Dose of the fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc).

bananina {ban-an-in'-ah). Banana flour, plantain
flour: the fruit of Musa sapientium, dried and pul-
verized.

banausea (ban-aw'-shur) [fiavavaia, handicraft].
Mechanical work as opposed to mental achievement;
Hippocrates' term for the practice of medicine
regarded from a commercial standpoint rather than
as an art; quackery.

band [ME., bande]. That which binds. A stripe.
A ligament, b.s, amniotic, bands formed by drawn-
out adhesions between the fetus and the amnion
where the cavity has become distended through the
accumulation of fluid. Syn., Simonart's bands, b.,
anogenital, the rudiment of the perineum; a trans-
verse band of integument completing the division
of the cloaca in the embryo, b. auriculoventricular,
the bundle of His. b., axis, the primitive streak.
b., belly-, a flannel band wound around the abdomen.
b. of the colon, inner, a band-like thickening of the
muscular coat running along the inner surface of
the ascending and descending colon and the inferior
aspect of the transverse colon, b.s, fetoamniotic,
amniotic bands producing deformities or intrauterine
amputation, b., furrowed, a small band of cinerea
uniting the uvula cerebelli with the cerebellar tonsils.
b., head-, a strap for securing a mirror to the fore-
head, b., horny (of Tarinus), the fore part of the
taenia semicircularis. b., mesoblastic, a band of
mesoblastic cells which extends the entire length of
the embryo, b., moderator, a fibromuscular fillet
that frequently extends across the right ventricle
of the heart. Syn., Moderator band. b. of Remak.
See fiber, axial; also Purkinje, axis-cylinder of. b.s,
supraorbital, the embryonal thickenings above the
eyes and to the outer side of them.

bandage (ban'-daj) [Fr., bande, a strip]. Bandages
are usually strips of muslin or other material, of
varying widths and lengths, used in surgery for the
purpose of protecting, compressing, etc., a part, or
for the retention of dressings and applications.
A simple bandage or roller consists of one piece; a
compound, of two or more pieces. Starch, plaster-
of-paris, silica, dextrin, tripoliih, etc., are used for

BANDAGES

126

BANDAGES

Barton's Bandage.

Recurrent of Head.

i. Circular Turns. Spiral Reversed of the

2. Oblique Turns. Forearm.

3. Spiral Turns.

Spiral Reversed Bandage.

Spica of Foot.

Figure of 8 of Upper Extremity.

BANDAGES

127

BANDAGES

Spiral of the Chest.

Desa ult's Bandage.

BANDAGER

128

BARFOED'S REAGENT

making stiff and immovable dressings or bandages.
According to their direction, bandages are classed as:
I. Circular, circular turns about the part. 2. Figure-
of-S, the turns crossing one another like the figure 8.

3. Oblique, covering the part by oblique turns.

4. Recurrent, the turns returning successively to the
point of origin. 5. Spica, the turns resembling the
arrangement of the husks of an ear of corn. 6. Spiral,
each turn covering one-half of the preceding. 7.
Spiral reverse, the bandage is reversed in order
better to adapt it to the part. Bandages are also
classed according to the part to which they are
applied. (See illustrations on pp. 126, 127.) b.,
abdominal. See binder, b., recurrent, a bandage
used after amputations, to support the flaps of the
stump, b.s, T-, bandages shaped like the letter T.

bandager (ban'-da-jer). One skilled in the appli-
cation of bandages. See dtesser.

bandagist (ban'-da-jist). A maker of trusses,
bandages, and other surgical appliances to be worn
upon the person.

bandelette (ban-dl-lef) . A small bundle.

Bandeloux's bed (band-loo'). An air-bed furnished
with a vessel for urine and surmounted with a gauze-
covered cradle.

Bandl's ring [Ludwig Bandl, German obstetrician,
1 842-1 892]. The line of depression sometimes felt
on digital pressure just above the pubes during
labor-pains; it corresponds to the site of the internal
os uteri.

bandolin (ban'-do-lin) [origin uncertain]. A
mucilage made usually of quince-seeds, or of gum-
tragacanth, used mainly as a paste for confining
the hair and making it lustrous; it is called also
fixature. See cydonium.

bandy leg (ban'-de leg). Bow-leg, genu valgum.

baneberry (ban'-ber-e). See Actcea.

bang, bhang, bangue (bang). See cannabis indica.

Bang's bacillus [Bernhard L. F. Bang, Danish
physician, 1848- ]. The Bacillus abortus.

banian (ban'-yan) [At., banyan, a trader]. A
South Asiatic fig-tree, Ficus bengalensis, remarkable
for the development of roots and secondary trunks
from its branches. The bark and seeds are tonic,
diuretic, and antipyretic.

bant [see Banting treatment]. To try the Banting
treatment.

Banti's disease (ban'-te) [Guido Banti, Italian
physician]. Enlargement of the spleen with progres-
sive anemia, followed by hepatic cirrhosis.

Bantingism (ban'-ting-izm) See Banting treat-
ment.

Banting treatment (ban'-ting) [William Banting,
English undertaker, 1797-1878]. A treatment of
obesity; the withdrawal of carbohydrates from the
food, and the use of a diet of nitrogenous food.

banyan (ban'-yan). See banian.

B. A. O. Abbreviation for Bachelor of the Art of
Obstetrics.

baobab tree. See Adansonia digitata.

baptin (bap'-tin) [baptisia]. A purgative glucoside
obtainable from Baptisia tinctoria.

baptisia (bap-tiz'-e-ah) [fiairTuns, a dipping].
Wild indigo. The root-bark of B. tinctoria, the
properties of which are due to an impure glucoside,
the socalled baptisin. It is laxative and stimulant
in moderate doses, emetic and cathartic in large doses,
and is used in amenorrhea, typhus and typhoid
fevers, and as a local application to indolent ulcers
and gangrenous sores. Dose of the resin 1-5 gr.
(0.065-0.32 Gm.). b., extract of. Dose 1-10 gr.
(0.065-0.65 Gm.). b., fluidextract of. Dose 2-20
min. (0.13-1.3 Cc). b., tincture of. Dose 5-30
min. (0.32-2.0 Cc).

baptisin (bap'-tiz-in) [baptisia]. 1. A precipitate
from the tincture of Baptisia tinctoria; antiseptic,
purgative, ecbolic, resolvent. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-
0.2 Gm.). 2. A bitter glucoside obtainable from the
plant Baptisia tinctoria; it has little medicinal activity.
baptitoxine (bap-tit-oks'-in) [baptisia; to^lkov, a
poison]. A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Baptisia
tinctoria. It hastens respiration and exaggerates
vasomotor activity.

baptothecorrhea (bap-to-the-kor-e'-ah) [/Sdir-ros, in-
fected; 0rjKri, vagina; peeiv, to flow]. Gonorrhea in
women.

baptorrhea (bap-tor-e'-ah) [/3dxroj, infected; pkeiv,
to flow]. Any infectious discharge from a mucous
surface, as gonorrhea.

bapturethrorrhea (bap-tu-reth-ro-re'-ah) [fid-wros,

infected; urethra; pketv, to flow]. Urethral gonor-
rhea; gonorrhea of men.

bar [OF., barre]. 1. A band or stripe. 2. The
part of the upper jaw of a horse destitute of teeth.
3. An arch. 4. A prominence of the symphysis
pubis projecting into the pelvic cavity. 5. A unit of
atmospheric pressure representing one megadyne
per square centimeter. b.s, hyoid, the pair of
cartilaginous plates forming the second visceral
arch, b., interureteric, same as b. of bladder, b.
of bladder, the transverse curved ridge joining the
openings of the ureters on the inner surface of the
bladder; it forms the posterior boundary of the tri-
gone. Syn., bar of the bladder; interureteric bar;
plica ureterica.

Barany's sign, B.'s nystagmus (bah'-rah-ne)
[Robert Bar any, Austrian otologist, 1876- ].
If the labyrinth of the ear is diseased injection of
water into the external auditory canal causes no
nystagmus; if the labyrinth is not diseased, similar
injection of water causes nystagmus, such nystagmus
being towards the same side if the temperature of
the water is above that of the body, and towards
the opposite side if the temperature of the water is
below that of the body. See Past pointing.

barba (bar'-bah) [L.]. 1. The beard. 2. A hair of
the beard.

Barbados aloes (bar-baf-doz al'-oz) [Barbados, an
island in the West Indies]. See aloes. B. distemper.
Synonym of yellow fever. B. leg. See elephantiasis
arabum. B. nut. See purging nut.

barbaloin (bar-bal'-o-in) [Barbados; &X617, aloe],
C17H20O7. The aloin derived from Barbados aloes.

barbel (bar'-bel) [barba, a beard]. The fish Cyprinus
barbus; the roe is used as a purgative in some coun-
tries, and causes vomiting and purging if eaten to
excess, b. cholera, an epidemic of fish-poisoning
from eating diseased barbels. The symptoms are
identical with those of cholera nostras, and are due
to a ptomaine. Syn., gastric ichthyotoxism.

barberry (bar'-ber-e). See berberis. b. gum, a
commercial name of certain varieties of gum-arabic.
barber's itch. Sycosis parasitaria.
Barberio's test for semen (bar-ba'-re-o). A drop
of spermatic fluid or an aqueous extract of a sper-
matic stain when treated with a saturated aqueous
solution of picric acid, shows a precipitate of yellow
refractile cystals which increase in size.

barbiers (bar'-berz) [E. Ind.]. A paralytic affec-
tion common in India, and probably a myelitis.
It is often confounded with beriberi.

barcoo (bar'-koo) [Australian]. A peculiar disease,
marked by nausea and vomiting, common in Austra-
lia. Its cause is unknown. It is also called "Fly-
sickness."

Bard's sign [Louis Bard, Swiss physician, 1857-
]. To diffei entiate between organic and con-
genital nystagmus. In the former the oscillations of
the eyeball increase when the patient follows the
physician's finger, moved before his eye alternately
from right to left and from left to right. In the
latter the oscillations disappear under these con-
ditions.

bardana (bar-da'-nah) [L.]. The burdock. See
lappa.

Bardinet's ligament (bar-de-na) [Barthelemy Al-
phonse Bardinet, French physician, 1809-1874]- The
posterior fasciculus of the internal lateral ligament of
the elbow-joint; it is attached above to the postero-
irferior portion of the internal condyle, and below,
by its expanded border, to the inner side of the
olecranon process.

Bareggi's reaction or sign (bar-ej'-e). Twenty or 30
drops of blood collected in a small test-tube and
allowed to stand for 24 hours will show a nonretracted
clot and a small amount of serum if the blood has been
taken from a typhoid-fever patient. In tuberculosis,
on the other hand, the clot will retract and an
abundance of serum will be formed.
baregin (bar-a'-zhin). See glairin
baresthesiometer (bar-es-the-ze-om'-et-er) [fiapos,
weight; ala9ri<rt,s, perception; vkrpov, a measure]. An
instrument for estimating the sense of weight or
pressure.

baresthesiometric (bar-es-the-ze-o-met'-rik) . Relat-
ing to the baresthesiometer.

Barfoed's reagent for dextrose (bar'-fed) [Christen
Thomsen Barfoed, Swedish physician, 18 15-1889].
One part copper acetate dissolved in 15 parts of
water; 5 Cc. of acetic acid containing 38 % of glacial

BARIC

129

BARRY

acetic acid, added to 200 Cc. of this solution. Heat
this reagent with a dextrose solution, and a reduction
of copper suboxide is produced, but not when heated
with lactose or maltose.

baric (ba'-rik) [barium]. Pertaining to or con-
taining barium.

barilla (bar-il'-ah) [Fr., barille, impure soda].
Impure sodium carbonate; being ashes obtained by
burning various chenopodiaceous plants of the
genera Salicornia and Salsola. They contain about
30 % of sodium carbonate.

barium (ba'-re-um) [/Sapos, weight]. Ba=i37-37;
quantivalence II. A metal of the group of alkaline
earths, of pale yellow color, characterized by a
strong affinity for oxygen. The salts are poisonous.
b. arsenate, Ba3(As04)2, a white powder, almost
insoluble in water. It is used in tuberculosis and
in skin diseases. Dose & — 1 gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.).
b. benzoate, Ba(C7H502)2+2H20, small, colorless
plates; it is used instead of digitalis as a heart-
stimulant, b. carbonate, BaCG-3, used in the pre-
paration of the chloride, b. chloride, BaCh . 2H2O,
soluble, used as a test for sulphates, which it precipi-
tates as barium sulphate, and also as a cardiac and
vasomotor stimulant. Dose §— 5 gr. (0.032-0.32
Gm.). b. chromate, BaCr04, yellow crystals, in-
soluble in water; it is used as a pigment. Syn., yellow
ultramarine, b. hydrate, b. hydroxide, Ba(OH)2,
caustic baryta; a crystalline substance, soluble in
water, and used as a test for sulphates, which it
precipitates as barium sulphate, b. iodide, formerly
used as an alterative. Dose f gr. (0.008 Gm.).
It is employed in ointments, b. manganate, Ba-
MnO*, emerald-green powder of microscopic prisms
or six-sided plates; it has been used as a pigment.
b. meconate, a compound of barium and meconic
acid; it is used as an anthelmintic, b. oxide, BaO,
baryta, b. sulphate, BaSO"4. b. sulphide, BaS, a
white, phosphorescent powder, soluble in water; it is
used as an alterant. Dose §-1 gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.)
in keratin-coated pills, b. sulphocarbolate, Ba(G;H5-
S04)2, colorless crystals, soluble in water; it is anti-
septic.

bark [ME., barke]. 1. The cortex or covering
surrounding the wood of exogenous trees. 2. Syno-
nym of Cinchona or Calisaya bark, b., Jesuits',
cinchona, b., Peruvian. See cinchona. (For other
barks, see the names of the plants or trees that
produce them.)

Barker's operation (bar'-ker) [Arthur Edward
James Barker, English surgeon, 1850- ]. 1. For
excision of the astragalus; the incision runs from just
above the tip of the external malleolus forward
and a little inward, curving toward the dorsum of
the foot. 2. For excision of the hip; by an anterior
incision, commencing on the front of the thigh,
one-half inch below the anterior superior iliac spine,
and running downward and inward for three inches.

Barker's post-partum pill {bar'-ker) [Fordyce Bar-
ker, American obstetrician, 1817-1891]. A laxative
pill recommended for use during the puerperium. It
contains compound extract of colocynth, if gr.,
purified aloes f gr., extract nux vomica T% gr., resin
of podophyllum ts gr., ipecac TV gr-. extract of hyos-
cyamus ii gr.

Barkow's ligament (bar'-ko) [Hans Carl Leopold
Barkow, German anatomist, 1 798-1 873]. Ligament-
ous bundles lying in the fatty tissue of the olecranon
fossa; they pass from the upper border of the fossa
vertically downward to join the deeper fibers of the
posterior ligament of the elbow-joint.

barley (bar'-le) [ME., barly]. A cereal belonging
to the order Graminece; the most common variety,
Hordeum distichon, is used as a food, _ and also in
the preparation of malt, b., decoction of. See
b.-water. b., pearl-, the decorticated grain, rounded
and polished, b.-water (decoclum hordei, B. P.),
a decoction consisting of 2 ounces of pearl-barley
boiled in i| pints of water and afterward strained.
It is used as a demulcent and food in the diarrheas
of children. Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc).

Barlow's disease (bar'-lo) [Sir Thomas Barlow,
English physician, 1845- ]. Infantile scurvy,
generally associated with rickets, and characterized
by subperiosteal hemorrhages, especially of the
long bones, with painful swellings.

barm (barm). Yeast.

Barnes' cervical zone (barnz) [Robert Barnes,
English obstetrician, 1817-1907]. The lowest fourth
of the internal surface of the uterus. B.'s curve,

in obstetrics, the segment of a circle, having for its
center the sacral promontory, its concavity looking
backward. B.'s dilators, or bags, graduated rubber
bags used fo. dilating the cc v .•; uteri in the induction
of abortion or premature labor.

baro- (bar'-o-) [/3dpos, weight]. A prefix implying
heaviness.

baroelectroesthesiometer (bar-o-e-lek-tro-es-the-ze-
om'-et-er) [baro-; electric; at<rdri<ns, perception; p.erpov,
a measure]. An apparatus to determine the amount
of pressure when electric sensibility to pain is felt.

barograph (bar'-o-graf) [baro-; ypafaiv, to record].
A self-registering barometer.

barology (bar-ol'-o-je) [baro-; \6yos, science]. The
branch of physics dealing with gravitation.

baromacrometer (bar-o-mak-rom'-et-er) [baro-;
panpos, long; nerpov, measure]. An apparatus for as-
certaining the weight and length of new-born infants.

barometer (bar-om'-et-er) [baro-; ukrpov, a measure].
An instrument for determining the weight and
tension of the atmosphere. It consists essentially
of a glass tube, about 36 inches long, closed at one
end, filled with mercury, and inverted in a basin of
mercury. The mercury will sink in the tube until
it rests at a height of about 30 inches (760 mm.) at
the sea-level, the height varying as the atmospheric
pressure increases or diminishes, b., air, a baro-
meter with air or gas imprisoned above the column
of liquid; the variations of atmospheric pressure are
indicatedby the changes in the volume of this air.
b., aneroid, a metallic box from which the air has
been exhausted, the tension being indicated by the
collapsing or bulging of the thin, corrugated cover,
which is _ connected with a movable index, b.,
boiling-point, an instrument for determining the
atmospheric pressure through observation of the
boiling-point of water. Syn., barothermometer ; hypso-
meter; thermobarometer. b.-maker's disease, a form
of chronic mercurial poisoning among the workmen
who make barometers. It is due to the inhalation
of the fumes of mercury.

barometric (bar-o-met'-rik). Relating to atmo-
spheric pressure, to a barometer, or to barometry.
b. light, the glow produced by the mercury in a
barometer tube when shaken.

barometrograph (bar-o-met'-ro-graf). See baro-
graph.

barometry (bar-om'-et-re). The science of atmo-
spheric pressure and the use of the barometer.

baroscope (bar'-o-skop) [baro-; vko-kHv, to observe].
An instrument used for determining the loss of
weight of a body in air, compared with its weight
in a vacuum. A form of baroscope has been invented
by Esbach for the quantitative determination of urea.

Barosma (bar-oz'-mah) [baro-; 6a-p.ii, smell]. A
genus of plants of the order Rutacece, native to the
Cape of Good Hope and vicinity, several species of
which yield the buchu of commerce

barosmin (bar-oz'-min) [barosma]. A precipitate
from the tincture of Barosma crenulata. Dose 2-3
gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.).

barotaxis (bar-o-taks'-is) [baro-; raits, orderly
arrangement]. Reaction of living matter to changes
in pressure.

barotropism (bar-ot'-ro-pizm) [baro-; rpo-n-fi, turn-
ing]. See barotaxis.

Barral's test for albumin and bile-pigments.
Cover the urine in a test-tube with a layer of 20 %
solution of aseptol (orthophenolsulphonic acid), and
in the presence of albumin a white ring will form at
the zone of contact of the two fluids; f of a grain
of albumin in 1 liter of urine may be thus detected.
Mucin causes a similar appearance, but it disappears
on boiling. A green ring will indicate the presence
of bile-pigments. This is much more sensitive than
the color test with fuming nitric acid.

barrenness (bar'-en-nes). Sterility in the female.

Barringtonia (bar-ing-to' -ne-ah) [D. Barrington,
an English naturalist]. A genus of plants of the
order Myrtacecs. B. acutangula is a tree growing in
Australia and India. The juice from the leaves
mixed with oil is used in skin diseases; the root is
bitter, cooling, and aperient, and is said to be similar
to cinchona; the seeds, prepared with sago and
butter, are used in diarrhea. B. bulonica is a tree of
Australia and India. The outer portion of the fruit
is used to stupefy fish. B. racemosa has properties
similar to B. acutangula.

Barry, retinacula of (bar'-e) [Martin Barry, Eng-
lish scientist, 1802-1855]. Tense filaments running

BARSATI

130

BASIHYAL

from the thickened portion of the cellular membrane
lining the Graafian follicle to other parts of the
membrane.

barsati (bar-sat-e') . A disease affecting horses,
considered analogous to cancer. Syn., atrophic
carcinoma.

Bartholin, duct of (bar'-tho-lin) [Caspar Bartholin,
Danish anatomist, 1655-1738]. The larger and longer
of the sublingual ducts,' opening into the mouth
near to, or in common with, Wharton's duct. B.,
foramen of, the obturator foramen. B., glands of,
the vulvovaginal glands, a pair of glands situated
at the entrance of the vagina, one on each side, and
corresponding to Cowper's glands in the male.

Bartholinian abscess. An abscess of Bartholin's
glands.

bartholinitis (Jbar-to-lin-i'-tis). Inflammation of
Bartholin's glands.

Barton's bandage [John Rhea Barton, American
surgeon, 1704-1871]. A bandage for the lower jaw.
B.'s fracture, the separation of the posterior portion
of the lower articular surface of the radius.

Baruch's sign (bar'-ook) [Simon Baruch, American
physician, 1840- ]. The resistance of the rectal
temperature to a bath, of 75° for 15 minutes, with
friction; it is pathognomonic of typhoid fever.

baruria {bar-u'-re-ah) [fiapvs, heavy; olpov, urine].
The passage of urine having a high specific gravity;
also the condition of the body associated therewith.

Barwell's operation (bar'-wel). Osteotomy for
genu valgum: division of the lower and upper end
of the tibia above and below their respective epi-
physes.

bary- (bar-e-) [fiapvs, heavy]. A prefix meaning
heavy, dull, or hard.

baryecoia {bar-e-ek-oi'-ah) [j8apwj/coia, hardness
of hearing]. Hardness of hearing; partial deafness.

baryencephalia {bar-e-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [bary-; £yici<f>-
aXos, brain]. Dulness of intellect.

baryencephalus (Jbar-e-en-sef-al-us) [see baryen-
cephalia]. A person with dull intellect.

baryglossia (Jbar-e-glos'-e-ah) [bary-; y'hcbaaa,
tongue]. Thick, slow utterance.

baryglossus (bar-e-glos'-us) [bary-; y\w<raa, the
tongue]. An individual suffering from baryglossia.

baryglottic, baryglotticus {bar-e-glot'-ik, -us). 1.
Relating to baryglossia. 2. A person affected with
baryglossia.

barylalia (bar-e-la'-le-ah) [bary-; XaXid, speech].
Thickness of speech.

barymastia (bar-e-mas'-te-ah) [bary-; /xeurros,
breast]. Same as barymazia.

barymazia (Jbar-e-ma'-ze-ah) [bary-; naf;6s, breast].
Heaviness or large size of the mamma?.

baryodmia (Jbar-e-od'-me-ah) [bary-; ddfiri, odor].
A heavy, disagreeable odor; also a subjective sen-
sation as of a disagreeable smell.

baryodynia (bar-e-o-din'-e-ah) [bary-; 6Swrj, pain].
Severe pain.

baryphonia (bar-e-fo'-ne-ah) [bary-; <f>covq, a voice].
A heaviness or difficulty of speech.

barysomatia (bar-e-so-ma'-she-ah) [bary-; au>/j.a,
body]. Excess in the weight of the body.

baryta, barytes (bar-i'-tah, bar-i'-tes) [barium].
Barium oxide, b., caustic. See barium hydrate.
b., synthetic. See barium sulphate.

barythymia {bar-e-thi' -me-ah) [bary-; dvfios, mind].
A melancholy, gloomy, or sullen state of mind.

baryticoargentic (bar-it-ik-o-ar-jen'-tik) [baryta;
argenium]. Containing baryta and silver.

baryticosodic (jbar-it-ik-o-so'-dik) [baryta; sodium].
Containing baryta and sodium.

barytin (bar'-il-in). Native barium sulphate.

basad (ba'-sad) [/3d(m, a foundation]. Toward
the basal aspect.

basal (ba'-sal) [fiaais, a foundation]. Pertaining
to or located at the base. b. ganglia, the optic
thalamus and corpus striatum of the brain.

basalia (ba-sa'-le-ah) [basis]. Huxley's term for
the metacarpal bones.

basculation (bas-ku-la'-shun) [Fr.t basculer, to
swing]. 1. The movement by which retroversion
of the uterus is corrected when the fundus is pressed
upward and the cervix drawn downward. 2. See
bascule movement.

bascule movement (bas'-kul) [Fr., bascule, a
swing]. The recoil of the heart in its systolic motion.

base (bas) [basis]. The lowest part of a body or
the foundation upon which anything rests. In
chemistry, an element or radical that combines with

an acid to form a salt. The electropositive molecule
or radical of a compound. In pharmacy, the most
important part of a prescription, b., acid-forming,
b., acidifiable, one which forms an acid by uniting
with water, b., aldehyde. See aldin. b., animal,
a ptomaine.

base-ball pitcher's arm, a peculiar condition of
the arm arising from over-use, characterized by loss
of strength, tenderness, neuralgic pains, and inflam-
mation and hypertrophy of the bone.

Basedow's disease (baz'-e-do) [Karl Adolphus
von Basedow, German physician, 1 799-1 854]. Exoph-
thalmic goiter or Graves' disease. See goiter, exoph-
thalmic. B.'s syndrome, tachycardia, flashes of
heat, and sweating crises.

Basella (bas-el'-ah) [Malabar name]. A genus of
plants of the order Chenopodiacece. B. rubra, Mala-
bar nightshade, is an esculent herb cultivated
throughout India, where the juice of the leaves is
given in infantile catarrh and an infusion of ^he
leaves is used as tea.

basement (bas'-ment) [Fr., bassement]. The funda-
mental portion, b.-membrane. See membrane, base-
ment-.

bas-fond (bah-fon(g)) [Fr.]. The floor or lowest
oprtion of the urinary bladder.

Basham's mixture {bash' -am) [William Richard
Basham, English physician, 1804-1877]. A mixture
of iron and ammonium acetate; liquor ferri et ammonii
acetatis.

basi- (ba-si-) [basis], A prefix meaning basis or base.

basial (ba'-se-al) [basis]. Relating to a base or to
the basion.

basialveolar (ba-se-al-ve'-o-lar) [basi-; alveolus].
Relating to the basion and the alveolar point.

basiarachnitis (ba-se-ar-ak-ni'-tis) [basi-; dp dx^s, a
spider; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of that
part of the arachnoid that corresponds to the base
of the skull.

basiator (Jba-se-a'-tor) [basiare, to kiss]. The
orbicularis oris muscle. See muscles, table of.

basic (ba'-sik). 1. Having properties of a base;
i. e., capable of neutralizing acids. 2. Basal or bas-
ilar, b. salt, a salt in which part of the hydroxyl
of the base is retained.

basichromatin (bas-e-kro' -mat-in) [basi-; xp&iia,
color]. According to Heidenhain, that portion of
the nuclear reticulum stained by basic aniline dyes.

basicity (bas-is'-it-e). 1. The quality of being
basic.^ 2. The combining power of an acid.

basicranial (ba-se-kra'-ne-al) [basi-; upavlov, the
skull]. Relating to the base of the skull. b. axis,
a line running from a point midway between the
occipital condyles through the median plane to the
junction of the ethmoid and presphenoid.

basidigital (ba-se-dij'-it-al) [basi-; digitus, a finger].
Pertaining to the bases of the digits, b. bone, any
metacarpal, or metatarsal bone.

basidiogenetic (bas-id-e-o-jen-et'-ik) [basidium, a
spore-producing cell; yeveais, origin]. In biology,
produced on a basidium.

basidiomycetes (bas-id-e-o-mi-se'-tez) [basidium;
hvkt)s, a fungus]. A division of fungi comprising
genera which produce spores upon basidia.

basidiophore (Jbas-id'-e-o-for) [basidium, a spore-
producing cell; tpepelp, to bear]. Furnished with
basidia.

basidiospore (bas-id'-e-o-spor) [basidium, a spore-
producing cell; 0-71-opd, seed]. One of the spores
produced upon a basidium.

basidium (bas-id'-e-um) [dim. of /8do-«, a base; pi.,
basidia]. In biology, a large cell in the higher fungi,
borne on the hymenium and producing spores at
its free end.

basifacial (ba-se-fa'-shal) [basi-; fades, face]. Per-
taining to the lower portion of the face. b. axis,
in craniometry, a line from the anterior point of the
premaxilla to the anterior point of the basicranial
axis.

basifier (ba'-sif-i-er) [basi-; facere, to make]. A
substance capable of converting a body into a base.

basifugal (bas-if-u-gal) [basi-; fugere, to flee].
In biology, derived from, or proceeding away from
the base; acropetal; centrifugal.

basigenic (ba-se-jen'-ik) [basi-; yewav, to produce].
Producing bases.

basihyal (Jba-se-hi'-al) [basi-; voeiSvs, shaped like
the letter v, upsilon]. Either one of the two bones,
one on each side, that form the principal part of
the body of the hyoid arch.

BASIHYOID

131

BATH

basihyoid (ba-se-hi'-oid). See basihyal.

basilad (bas'-il-ad) [fiao-Ls, foundation]. Toward
or to the base or basilar aspect.

basilar (bas'-il-ar) [basis]. Pertaining to the base.
b. artery. See under artery, b. membrane, a
membranous division-wall separating the scala
vestibuli from the scala tympani, extending from
the base to the apex of the cochlea, and supporting
the organ of Corti. b. process, a strong quadri-
lateral plate of bone forming the anterior portion of
the occipital bone, in front of the foramen magnum.
b. suture, the suture formed by the junction of the
basilar process of the occipital bone with the posterior
surface of the body of the sphenoid.

basilateral (bas-e-lat'-er-al) [basi-; latus, side].
Both basilar and lateral.

basilemma (bas-il-em'-ah) [bast-; \knna, a husk].
A basement-membrane.

basilen (bas'-il-en) [basis, base]. Belonging to the
basilar portion in itself.

basilic (ba-sil'-ik) [fiaaiXtKos, royal]. Important;
prominent; said of a structure or a drug. b. vein,
a large vein of the arm on the inner side of the biceps.

basilicon ointment (bas-il'-ik-on oint'-ment). Rosin
cerate. It consists of rosin, 35 Gm.; yellow wax, 15
Gm.; lard, 50 Gm.

basilobregmatic (bas-il-o-breg-mat'-ik) . Pertaining
to the base of the skull and the bregma.

basilomental (bas-il-o-men'-tal). Pertaining to
the base of the skull and to the chin.

basilopharyngeal (bas-il-o-far-in'-je-aV). Relating
to the basilar process of the occipital bone and to
the pharynx.

basilosubnasal (bas-il-o-sub-na'-zal). Relating to
the basion and the nasion.

basilysis (bas-il'-is-is) [bast-; Xuo-w, a loosening].
The breaking-up of the fetal skull in craniotomy.

basilyst (bas'-il-ist) [see basilysis]. An instrument
for use in perforating the cranial vault and breaking
up the base of the skull.

basin (ba'-sin) [ME.]. 1. The third ventricle of
the brain. 2. The pelvis, b.-trap, a trap or seat
in the outlet of the basin of a water-closet, placed
there to prevent the escape into the apartment of
noxious and offensive vapors and gases.

basinasal (bas-e-na'-sal) [basion; nasus, the nose].
Relating to the basion and the nasion.

basioalveolar (bas-e-o-al-ve'-o-lar). Relating to
the basion and to the alveolar point.

basioccipital (bas-e-ok-sip' -it-al) [basi-; occiput,
the back of the head]. A bone, separate in many
of the lower vertebrate animals, forming the central
axis of the skull. In adult human life it is the
basilar process of the occipital bone.

basioccipitosphenoidal (bas-e-ok-sip-it-o-sfe-noid'-
al). 1. Relating to the basioccipital bone and the
sphenoid.

basioglossus (bas-e-o-glos'-us) [basi-; y\a><raa, the
tongue]. That part of the hyoglossus muscle that
is attached to the base of the hyoid bone.

basion {ba'-se-on) [basis]. A point located at the
middle of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.

basiotic (bas-e-ot-ik) [basi-; ofc, ear]. Relating
to the base of the ear.

basiotribe (bas'-e-o-trib) [basion; rplfieiv, to grind
or crush]. An instrument used for perforating or
crushing the fetal head.

basiotripsy (bas-e-o-trip'-se) [see basiotribe]. The
operation of crushing the fetal head.

basipetal (bas-ip'-et-al) [basis, a base; peter e, to
seek]. In biology, applied to growth in plants from
the apex toward the base.

basipresphenoid (bas-e-pre-sfe'-noid). 1. Relating
to the basisphenoid and presphenoid bones. 2. The
basipresphenoid bone.

basirrhinal (bas-e-ri'-nal) [basi-; pis, nose]. Re-
lating to the base of the brain and to the nose.
Applied to a cerebral fissure located at the base of
the olfactory lobe.

basis (ba'-sis) [fiaais, foundation]. Base. b.
cranii, the base of the skull, b. pedunculi, the base
of the peduncle; the crusta or pes.

basisphenoid (bas-e-sfe'-noid) [basi-; a4>r\v, wedge;
«l5os, form]. The lower part of the sphenoid bone.

basisylvian (bas-e-sil'-ve-an) [basi-; Sylvian]. Ap-
plied to the transverse basilar portion or stem of the
Sylvian fissure.

basitemporal (bas-e-tem'-po-ral) [basi-; tempora,
the temples]. Relating to the base or lower part of
the temporal bone.

basivertebral (bas-e-ver'-te-bral) [basi-; vertebra,
a joint]. Relating to the basis or centrum of a verte-
bra.

basket cell. A cell surrounded by a network of
fibrils derived from the axis cylinder process of
another cell.

basophil, basopbile (bas'-o-fil) [basis; tpikelv, to love].
Cells and tissue elements showing an affinity for
basic rather than for acid dyes.

basophilia (bas-o-fil'-e-ah) [basophile]. Increase
in the number of basophiles in the circulating blood.

basophilic (bas-o-fil'-ik) [basophile]. 1. Combining
readily with bases; stainable by means of basic dyes.
2. Any histological structure which stains with basic
dyes.

basophilous (bas-of'-il-us) [basophile]. Stained by
basic rather than by acid dyes.

basophobia (bas-o-fo'-be-ah) [basis; <£6/3os, fear].
Complete inability to walk or stand erect, due to
emotional causes. The muscles concerned are not
appreciably impaired.

basophobiac (bas-o-fo'-be-ak). 1. A person affected
with basophobia. 2. Relating to or affected with
basophobia.

bass-deafness (bas'-def-nes). Deafness to certain
bass-notes, the higher notes being heard.

Bassini's operation {bah-se'-ne) [Edoardo Bassini,
Italian surgeon, 1847- ]. For the radical cure
of inguinal hernia: the sac is exposed, twisted, and
the neck ligated and removed; the spermatic cord is
lifted, and the border of the rectus is stitched to the
edge of the internal oblique, the transversalis muscle,
and the transversalis fascia to Poupart's ligament
under the cord. The cord is placed upon this layer
and the border of the external oblique is stitched to
Poupart's ligament over the cord.

bassora gum (bas'-o-rah gum). An inferior gum,
much used in adulterating tragacanth.

bassorin {bas'-o-rin) [Bassora, an Asiatic town],
C6H10O5, or 2C6H10O5. 1. A tasteless, odorless,
vegetable mucilage, insoluble in cold water, but
rendered soluble by alkalies; it is found in gum traga-
canth (of Bassora) and in cherry and plum gums.
2. A term for all vegetable mucilages.

bast. The inner bark of exogenous plants. The
fibrous parts of the bark are used in making cord-
age, and have a limited use in surgery.

bastard (bas'-tard) [OF., fils de bas, son of a bast or
of a pack-saddle]. 1. An illegitimate child. 2. Illegi-
timate. 3. A hybrid species. 4. See bastards.

bastards (bas' -tar dz) [bastard]. The name given
to an impure sugar procured by concentrating
molasses and allowing it to crystallize slowly in
moulds.

Bastedo's sign (bas-te'-do) [Walter Arthur Bastedo,
American physician, 1873- ]• If the colon is
d istended with air there will be pain and tenderness
at McBurney's point in cases of chronic appendicitis.

Bastian's law, B.-Brun's law [Henry Charlton
Bastian, English scientist, 1837- ; Ludwig
Bruns, German neurologist, 1858- ]. When
there exists a complete transverse lesion of the spinal
cord above the lumbar enlargement, the tendon
reflexes of the lower extremities are abolished.

basyl (ba'-sil) [/3d<rts, foundation]. 1. The electro-
positive constituent of a compound. 2. A body
which unites with oxygen to form a base.

basylous (bas'-il-us). See basigenic.

Bateman's disease [Thomas Bateman, English
physician, 1778-1831]. Molluscum contagiosum.
B.'s drops, the tinctura pectoralis, a weak tincture
of opium, camphor, and catechu; a popular remedy
in coughs.

bath [AS., bceth], 1. A bathing-place or room.
2. The medium in which the body is wholly or partly
immersed. As therapeutic agents, baths are classi-
fied according as water, vapor, air, etc., is used;
according to the temperature, as hot, temperate,
cold, etc.; according to the end desired, as nutri-
tional, medicinal, stimulant, etc. Special forms of
bath are the moor, peat, mud-, slime, pine-leaf, herb
(hay, gentian, camomile, juniper, marjoram, etc.),
brine, sand, tan, bran, malt, glue, soup, milk, whey,
blood, wine, guano, starch, soap, acid, iron, sulphur,
carbonic acid, compressed air, mustard, electric,
etc. 3. A medium, such as sand, water, oil, or other
substance, interposed between the fire and the vessel
to be heated, in chemical manipulations, b., acid,
add 1 5 oz. of nitric acid and 1 to 3 oz. of hydrochloric
acid to 30 gallons of warm water in a wooden or

BATH

132

BATH

earthenware vessel, and immerse the patient in this
for from 10 to 20 minutes. For a foot-bath, add 5 oz.
of nitric acid and 1 oz. of hydrochloric acid to 4
gallons of warm water. This is said to be useful in
cases of dyspepsia with sluggish liver and consti-
pation, b.s, acratothermal, baths prepared from
natural mineral waters of high temperature, but in
which the gaseous and saline constituents are small
in quantity and of feeble therapeutic action. Syn.,
indifferent thermal baths; simple thermal baths;
unmixed thermal baths, b., air-, a bath in which but
little water is employed, the body being exposed
freely to the air. It is employed in those cases in
which there is a tendency to catch cold on slight
exposure, b., alcohol, one in dilute alcohol, used to
reduce temperature in fever, b., alkaline, add 3 oz.
of potassium carbonate, or 6 of sodium carbonate,
to 25 or 30 gallons of hot water. It is used in chronic
squamous skin diseases, chronic rheumatism, and
lithemia. It should be taken in a wooden, earthen-
ware, or enameled tub. b., animal. 1. One pre-
pared from dung of cattle or the contents of the first
stomach of a freshly slaughtered ox. 2. The intro-
duction of the whole body of the part affected with
rheumatism into the body-cavity of an animal just
slaughtered, b., antimonial, one containing 1-2 oz.
of tartar emetic; it is used in skin diseases, b., anti-
rheumatic, one containing, in sufficient water for
the purpose, 100 Gm. of oil of turpentine, 10 Gm. of
oil of rosemary, 50 Gm. of sodium carbonate, b.,
antisyphilitic, a solution of is Gm. of mercury bi-
chloride in 500 Gm. of water, to be added to the
bath at the time of using, b., astringent, one pre-
pared with tannin or other astringents, to control
sweating or in the treatment of skin diseases, b.,
astringent, Most's, a bath for extensive burns,
consisting of a solution of 200 Gm. of alum in 6 to 8
pailfuls of cold water and 1 pailful of curdled milk.
b., balsamic, one containing tar, turpentine, or the
buds and bark of terebinthaceous plants, b., bog-,
a bath made by mixing bog-earth (produced by the
decomposition of plants in the presence of water and
found at iron and sulphur springs) with warm water
to form a pulpy or mushy consistence. This is used
as a mud-bath, b., borax, borax, 4 oz.; glycerol,
3 oz.; water, 30 gallons. It is used in the same class
of cases as the bran-bath, b., bran-, boil 1 pound
of bran in 1 gallon of water, strain, and add 30
gallons of water. This is a soothing and emollient
bath, and is of service in squamous and irritable
conditions of the skin. b. Brand, see Brand, b.,
buff-, one in which the bather is nude, b.-chair
[Bath, town in England, where the inventor James
Heath, lived]. A vehicle for the conveyance of
invalids and others; it is mounted on three or four
wheels, and may be pushed by hand or drawn by
pony or donkey, b., chemical, in chemistry, an
apparatus for regulating the temperature of chemical
processes by surrounding the substance with water,
sand, oil, or mercury, through which the heat is
communicated, b., cold, a bath of cold water, the
temperature of the latter varying from 32°-70° F.
(o°-2i° C). It is used to reduce fever and as a
general stimulant, b., dipolar, a hydroelectric
bath in which the patient does not come in contact
with either of the electrodes, but these are immersed
in the water at each end of the tub. b., effervescent,
a liquid bath containing a free gas, which is given
off with effervescence, b., Egyptian, a modification
of the Turkish bath, with rise of temperature to the
maximum point, followed by lowering of temperature
to the initial point, b., electric. 1. One in which
the medium of the bath and the bather's person are
included in the circuit of a galvanic current. 2. A
bath in which an electric current is generated by the
decomposition of the chemical constituents of the
medium, b., electrothermal, a hot bath combined
with exposure to the influence of electricity, b.,
foot-, a bath for the feet, used as a derivative agent
in cases of cold, etc. b., fucus-, one containing sea-
weed, or a decoction of it, imparting sodium chloride
and a small percentage of iodine, b., full, one in
which the patient's body is entirely covered by water,
so that his chin just clears it. b., gas-, one in which
a gas is applied to the entire body or an affected part
by means of a closed cabinet, b., graduated, one in
which the temperature of the water is gradually
lowered by the addition of cold or iced water, b.,
herb-, made by using the extract of pine-needles or
of some aromatic herbs; used as a tonic, b., hip-.

See b., sitz-. b., hot, one in which the temperature
of the water ranges from 1040 to no° F. (40°-43.3°
C). It acts upon the skin, producing free perspira-
tion, and accelerates the pulse and respiration, b.,
hot-air, a Turkish bath. A bath in hot air. It is'
useful as a diaphoretic, and in catarrhal, neuralgic,
and rheumatic conditions, but is contraindicated in
fatty degeneration of the heart, b., hydroelectric,
a water-bath charged with electricity, b., hydro-
static, a variety of permanent water-bath in which
the patient is supported without total immersion.
b., Indian, massage in combination with a Turkish
bath. _ b., internal, lavage of the stomach or rectum.
b., iodine-, one to which is added a solution of 8 Gm.
of iodine and 16 Gm. of potassium iodide in 600
Gm. of water, b., kinetotherapeutic, a water-bath
in which specified movements are carried out. b.,
light-. 1. See b., sun-. 2. Exposure of affected
parts to rays of light by means of various apparatus;
also of the whole body for inducing perspiration.
b., lime-, a bath to which slaked lime is added at the
time of using; it is used in gout and in treatment
of itch, b., medicated, a bath in which medicinal
substances, as mineral salts, sulphur, etc., are dis-
solved or held in suspension, b., mercurial, a bath
for the treatment of syphilis, given in the vapor of
mercury, usually prepared by vaporizing calomel
over an alcohol lamp, b., milk-, a bath in milk,
given for nutritive purposes, b., mineral. 1. The
water of a mineral spring used as the medium.
2. One to which a solution of mineral substances has
been added, b., monopolar, a hydroelectric bath
in which the wall of the metal tub is utilized as a large
electrode. The current entering here is conducted
to the entire surface of the body in contact with the
water, and passes out by means of a large metal
electrode the edges of which are covered by a rubber
pillow so placed that the patient can lie upon it
without coming in contact with the metal. Cf. b.,
dipolar, b., moor-, a bath in water mixed with the
earth of moors, b., mud-, a bath prepared by mixing
well-seasoned earths, containing more or less mineral
matter, with water containing the same substances.
It is useful in chronic rheumatism, b., mustard-,
made by inclosing from 2 to 4 oz. of ordinary mustard
in a piece of muslin or thin linen and hanging it in
about four gallons of hot water until the latter be-
comes yellow, or simply by adding mustard to water.
It is used as a general bath for infants in collapse,
convulsions, or severe bronchitis, the child being left
in until the skin becomes distinctly reddened. It is
also used as is the foot-bath or sitz-bath in amenor-
rhea, b., Nauheim, a natural thermal effervescent
(gaseous muriated) bath, b., needle. See b., rain-.
b., nutritive, one containing wine, milk, or any
nutritive ingredient, b., oxygen-, an inhalation of
oxygen to correct inadequate aeration of the blood;
also a local application of oxygen gas to gangrenous
ulcers, b., ozone-. See b., fucus-. b., pack-, one
in which the body is wrapped in wet cloths. See b.,
sheet-, b., peat-, an application of bog-earth con-
taining much vegetable matter and used in gout and
rheumatism, b., pine-, prepared by adding a de-
coction of pine-needles, or some pine-extract, to hot
water. It is mildly stimulating, and is employed in
hysteria, gout, and rheumatism, b. of Plombieres,
a bath to which a solution of 100 Gm. of powdered
gelatin in hot water is first added and afterward a
mixture of 100 Gm. of sodium carbonate, 20 Gm.
each of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate,
and 60 Gm. of sodium sulphate, b., plunge-, a
bath, hot or cold, into which the patient plunges.
b., rain-, consists of from four to six three-fourths
circles of pipes secured together at a distance of
2 to 3 inches. Each pipe has three lines of fine
perforations, from which the stream issues under
pressure, striking the body of the patient _ at all
points with considerable force, b., Russian, a
vapor-bath, the vapor being generated by throwing
water upon heated mineral or metallic substances.
Syn., vapor-bath, b., sand-. 1. One in which the
body of the patient is placed in a layer of dry sand
that has been heated. 2. In chemistry, the im-
mersion of a crucible, etc., containing a chemical com-
pound, in a vessel containing fine sand, the latter
being heated gradually to a high temperature, b.,
seaweed. See b., fucus-. b., sheet-, the application
of cold water to the body through the medium of a
wet sheet or towel placed upon the skin. It is used
to reduce temperature, b., shower-, a douche in

BATHMIC

133

BAYBERRY

which the water is delivered against the body from a
nozzle with numerous perforations, b., sitz-, one
in which only the buttocks and hips are immersed
in water. It is useful in pelvic inflammations,
amenorrhea, and retention of urine, b., slime-,
a bath in water mixed with the slimy deposit of
organic matter found in rivers and ponds, b.,
sponge-, one in which the patient's body is rubbed
with a wet sponge. It is used to reduce temperature.
b., sulphur, potassium sulphide 4 to 8 oz. in 30
gallons of water; a little sulphuric acid may be
added. It is used in certain skin diseases, scabies,
lead colic, and lead palsy, b., sun-, the exposure
of the naked body to the sun's rays, b., sweat-,
b., sweating, a bath to induce a free flow of perspira-
tion; e. g., a Turkish bath, b., tepid, the temperature
of the water ranges from 8s°-95° F. (2Q.4°-35° C).
It acts as a sedative, cleansing, and detergent agent;
the pulse, respiration, excretion, secretion, and
temperature are practically unaffected, b., Turkish,
one in which the bather is placed successively in
rooms of higher temperature, then shampooed or
rubbed, and finally stimulated by a douche of cold
water. See b., hot-air. b., vacuum, the treatment
of parts by subjecting them to a partial vacucum.
b., vapor-. See b., Russian, b., warm, a bath in
water having a temperature of from qo0-ioo° F.
(32.2°-38.5° C). It is used to calm the nervous
system, produce sleep, and allay reflex irritability.
b., water-. 1. A bath of water. 2. In chemistry,
a bath of water for immersing vessels containing
substances that must not be heated above the
boiling-point of water, b., zinc-chloride, a chemical
bath of molten zinc chloride for immersion of sub-
stances not to be heated beyond 7000 C.

bathmic (bath'-mik) [J3adfM6s, a threshold]. Relating
to bathmism.

bathmism (bath'-mizm) [fio£p.6s, a threshold].
Tha£ supposed modification of chemical force which
is active in the processes of nutrition.

bathmos (bath'-mos) [fSa£p.6s, a little fossa]. A
shallow depression or fosset.

bathmotropic (bath-mo-trop'-ik) [0a.Op.6s, threshold;
rpkireiv, to turn]. Applied by T. W. Engelmann to
a supposed set of fibers in the cardiac nerves which
affect the excitability of the cardiac muscle. Cf.
dromotropic; inotropic.

bathycardia (bath-e-kar'-de-ah) [fiadvs, deep; napdia.,
heart]. A condition in which the heart is in a lower
position than normal; the condition is an anatomical
one, and is not the result of disease.

bathycentesis (bath-e-sen-te'-sis) [fiadvs, deep;
KkvT7)<ns, puncture]. A deep surg cal puncture; deep
acupuncture.

bathyesthesia (bath-e-es-the'-ze-ah) [fiadvs, deep;
ol<jQr\<si%, sensation]. Oppenheim's term for the
muscle-sensations .

bathymetry (bath-im'-et-re) [/3a0us, deep; pkrpov, a
measure]. The measurement of the depths of the
sea or of any body-cavity, natural or abnormal.

bathystixis (bath-e-stiks'-is) [/3a0iis, deep; <rri£is,
puncture]. Deep acupuncture.

batophobia (bat-o-fo'-be-ah) [fiaros, a height;
<£6/3os, fear]. 1. Acrophobia; dread of being at a
great height. 2. Dread of high objects; fear of
passing near a high building or of going through a
deep valley.

batrachocephalus (bat-rak-o-sef'-al-us) [Parpaxos,
a frog; Kt<j>ah-h, the head]. Having a frog-like head.

batrachoid (bat'-rak-oid) [/3drpaxos, a frog; eZ<5os,
form. Frog-like.

batrachoplasty (bat'-rak-o-plas-te) [/3drpaxos, a
frog; ranula; -Kkao-aziv, to mold]. Plastic surgical
operation for the cure of ranula.

batracin (bat'-ra-sin) [fiarpaxos, a frog]. A poison-
ous secretion obtained from the cutaneous pustules
of toads. According to Calmeil, the poison of toads
contains methyl-carbylamine and isocyanacetic acid.

battalism (bat'-al-izm). See baltarism.

battarism (bat'-ar-izm) [fiarrapia-pos, a stuttering].
Stuttering or stammering.

battery (bat'-er-e) [batter la, a beating; battery].
A series of two or more pieces of apparatus arranged
to produce increased effect, as battery of boilers,
prisms, lenses, galvanic cells. It is usually applied
to a series of cells producing electricity (voltaic or
galvanic battery); also, frequently, to a single cell.
b., cautery, a galvanic battery with high electro-
motive force for heating a wire used as a cautery.
b., faradic, b., faradaic, one giving an induced or

faradic current, b., galvanic, one giving a galvanic
or chemical current, b., Hare's, a battery of cells
marked by low resistance. Two large plates of zinc
and copper, separated from each other by cloth or
some indifferent substance, are rolled on a wooden
cylinder and immersed in acidulated water. See
deflagrator. b., primary, the combination of a
number of primary cells so as to form a single battery.
b., secondary, the combination of a number of
storage-cells to form a single electric source, b.
storage, an apparatus consisting of a secondary
battery for storing electricity.

Battey's operation (bat'-e) [Robert Battey, Ameri-
can surgeon, 182 8-1 895]. Removal of the ovaries
in order to eliminate their physiological influence
and so produce the menopause.

Battle's incision (bat' -I). An incision to the right
or left of the median line of the abdomen down
to the rectus; the inner edge of this muscle is then
retracted and the posterior layer of its sheath incised
as well as the peritoneum.

battledore (bat' -el-dor) [ME., baiyldoure, a bat for
beating clothes]. An instrument shaped like a
racket, b. placenta, one in which there is a marginal
insertion of the cord.

Battley's sedative drops (bat'-le) [Richard Battley,
English pharmacist, 1770-1856]. A preparation con-
sisting of opium 3, water 30, alcohol 6; dose njj.
5-15 (0.3-1.0).

Baudelocque's diameter (bo-d'l-ok) [Jean Louis
Baudelocque, French obstetrician, 1746-1810]. In ob-
stetrics, theexternalc onjugate diameter of the pelvis.

Bauer's qualimeter (bow'-erz kwol-im' -et-ur) . A
static electrometer with pendulum and an index,
used to indicate the quality of the x-rays issuing
from a Roentgen tube.

Bauhin, gland of (bo'-hin) [Caspar Bauhin, Swiss
anatomist, 1560-1624]. See Blandin's gland. B.
valve of, the ileocecal valve.

Bauhinia (bo-hin'-e-ah). A genus of plants of the
order Leguminosce. B. variegata is a tree of India*
the bark is astringent and used as a tonic in fevers;
the buds are used in diarrhea and as a vermifuge.

Baumann's coefficient. The ratio existing between
the total sulphuric acid and the ether sulphuric acids
of the urine; it amounts to 10 %. B.'s reaction for
dextrose, to an aqueous solution of grape-sugar add
benzoyl chloride and an excess of sodium hydroxide
and shake until the odor of benzoyl chloride disap-
pears. A precipitate of benzoic -acid ester of dextrose
will be produced which is insoluble in water and
alkalies.

Baumann and Goldmann's test for cystin. If a
solution of cystin is shaken in caustic soda with
benzoyl chloride, a voluminous precipitate of benzoyl
cystin will be produced. The sodium salt occurs as
silky plates, readily soluble in water, but nearly
insoluble in an excess of caustic soda.

Baume (bo-ma') [Antoine Baume, French chemist,
1728-1804]. Abbreviation for Baume's hydrometer.

Baumes' law (bo-mes') [Jean Baptlste Timothee
Baumes, French physician, 1756-1828]. Same as
Colles's law. B.'s sign or symptom, retrosternal pain
in angina pectoris.

Baunscheidtism (bown'-shi-tizm) [Cail Baunsckeidt>
a German mechanic] . A mode of trea ting rheumatism
and chronic neuralgias by counterirritation, the latter
being produced by pricking the exterior of the part
affected with fine needles dipped in oil of mustard,
formic acid, or other irritant.

Bavarian dressing, B. splint. A variety of im-
movable dressing in which the plaster is applied
between two flannel cloths.

bavarol (bav'-ar-ol). A proprietary brown, aro-
matic liquid used in 5 % solution as a disinfectant.

bawchan, bauchee. Names given in India to the
seeds of Psoralea coryiifolia, used as a tonic and in
skin diseases. Syn., bauchan; bawchwan.

bay, lacrimal. The depression at the inner canthus
of the eye, holding the lacrimal canaliculi. b., oil of.
See myrcia. b.-rum. See myrcia. b.-tree, the
Laurus nobilis; also Prunus laurocerasus, commonly
called the laurel or the cherry-laurel.

Bayard's ecchymoses [Henri Louis Bayard, French
physician, 1812-1852]. Small capillary hemorrhages
found in the pleura and pericardium of infants who,
as the result of asphyxia, have made premature
efforts at breathing in the uterus.

bayberry (ba'-ber-e) [ME., bay; bery]. 1. The
berry of Laurus nobilis, bay, or noble laurel. 2. The

BAYCURU

134

BED

wax-myrtle, Myrica cerifera, and its fruit. 3. The
pimenta, or allspice.

baycuru (bi-koo-roo') [native S. A.]. The root of
a S. American plant, Statice braziliensis, one of the
most powerful astringents known. It is used for
ulcers of the mouth and for glandular enlargements.
Dose of the fluidextract nji. v-xxx.

Bayle's disease [Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French
physician, 1774-1816]. Progressive general paralysis
of the insane. B.'s granulations, miliary tubercles.

bayonet-leg {ba'-on-et leg). A backward displace-
ment of the leg-bones.

bazin (ba'-zin). Synonym of molluscum con-
tagiosum.

Bazin's disease (baz-an') [Pierre Antoine Ernest
Bazin, French dermatologist, 1807-1878]. 1. Psori-
asis buccalis. 2. Scrofulous ulcer of the leg. B.'s
erythema, erythema induratum scrofulosorum, a
form most commonly seen in strumous individuals;
it attacks the calf, or the leg immediately below,
more frequently than the front of the leg, occurring
in diffuse, ill-defined patches or in nodules, bright
red at first and gradually assuming a violet hue.
The nodules may be superficial or deep, a quarter
of an inch to an inch or more in diameter, and may be
slowly absorbed, and necrose or slough out, leaving a
very indolent ulcer.

B. C. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Chemistry.
Also for Baccalaureus Chirurgice, Bachelor of Surgery.

B. Ch. Abbreviation for Baccalaureus Chirurgice,
Bachelor of Surgery.

B. C. L. Abbreviat:on for Bachelor of Civil Law.

bdella (del'-ah) [/SSeXXa, a leech]. 1. A leech.
2. A varicose vein.

bdellatomy (del-at'-o-me). See bdellotomy.

bdellepithecium (del-ep-e-the'-se-um) [bdella; e-rriTiB-
kvai, to put on]. A tube for applying leeches.

bdellium (del'-e-um) [Heb., d'bolakh]. A resinous
gum exuding from various species of Balsamodendron.
It resembles myrrh, b., Indian, has been recom-
mended as an emmenagogue.

bdellometer (del-om'-et-er) [08kX\a, a leech; ukrpov,
a measure]. A mechanical substitute for the leech,
consisting of cupping glass, scarificator, and ex-
hausting syringe.

bdellotomy (del-ot'-o-me) [/35eXXa, a leech; ro\xr\, a
cut]. The opening with the knife of the body of a
leech that is drawing blood; by this means the
activity of the leech may be considerably prolonged.

Be. Chemical symbol of beryllium, now called
glucinum.

B. E. Bacillary emulsion. See under tuberculin.

beaded (be'-ded). In bacteriology denoting dis-
jointed semi-confluent colonies along the line of
inoculation in a stab culture.

beads, rhachitic. "Rhachitic rosary"; the socalled
"beading of the ribs" in rickets; a succession of
visible and palpable swellings at the points where
the ribs join their cartilages.

beak (bek) [ME., beeke]. 1. The mandibular
portion of a forceps. 2. The lower end of the
calamus scriptorius. 3. The pad or splenium of the
corpus callosum. b., coracoid, the beak of the
coracoid process of the scapula, b. of the ence-
phalon. See beak (3). b. of the sphenoid bone.
See rostrum sphenoidale.

beaker (be'-ker) [Germ, becher, a cup, bowl].
A wide-mouthed glass vessel used in chemical labora-
tories, b.-cell, the goblet-cell found in mucous
membranes.

Beale's fiber (bel) [Lionel Smith Beale, English
physician, 1828-1906]. The fine spiral fiber sur-
rounding the process of some of the sympathetic
ganglion-cells of the frog.

bean (ben) [ME., bene]. The seeds of several
plants, mostly Leguminosce, especially that of the
common bean, Faba vulgaris, b., Calabar. See
physostigma. b., castor. See ricinus. b. of St.
Ignatius. See ignatia.

bearberry. See Uva ursi.

Beard's disease [George Miller Beard, American
physician, 1830-1883]. Nervous exhaustion; neu-
rasthenia.

Beard-Valleix's points. See Valleix's points
douloureux.

bearing-down. The feeling of weight or pressure
in the pelvis in certain diseases, b.-d. pains, uterine
pains in labor.

bear's-foot. Leafcup. A composite-flowered
plant, Polymnia uvedalia, of North America. A

popular remedy for enlargement of the spleen or the
"ague-cake" of malarious regions.

beat (bet) [ME., beten]. The pulsation of the
arteries or the impulse of the heart, b., apex-,
the stroke of the heart-apex against the chest-wall.
b., heart-, a pulsation of the heart, b., pulse-, an
arterial pulsation which can be felt.

Beatty-Bright's friction-sound. The friction-
sound produced by inflammation of the pleura.

Beau's disease (bo) [Joseph Honore Simon Beau,
French physician, 1806-1865]. Asystole; cardiac
insufficiency. B.'s lines, the transverse rings seen
on the finger-nails after convalescence from exhaust-
ing diseases.

Beaumes' sign (bo' -ma). See Baumes' sign.

Beaumes-Colles' law. See Colles' law.

Beauperthuy's method (bo'-per-thwe) [Louis Daniel
Beauperthuy]. A method of treating leprosy by good
hygiene, bathing with olive oil, the internal admin-
istration of mercury bichloride, and abstinence from
salted meats.

Beauvais' disease (bo'-va). Chronic articular
rheumatism.

bebeerine (beb'-e-ren). See nectandra. b. hydro-
chloride, C19H21NO3HCI, reddish-brown scales, soluble
in alcohol and water, and used as an antipyretic and
tonic. Dose -fe-T-h gr. (0.005-0.097 Gm.) 3 or 4 times
daily, b. sulphate, (Ci9H2iN03)2H2S04, reddish-
brown scales, soluble in water and alcohol; uses and
dose as in b. hydrochloride.

bebeeru bark (be-be'-ru). See nectandra.

Beccaria's sign (bak-kah'-re-ah). Painful pulsating
sensations in the occipital region during pregnancy.

bechesthesis (bek-es' -thes-is) [fiv£, cough; aladrjais,
sensation]. The sensation in the throat or air-
passages that prompts one to cough.

bechic (bek'-ik) [J317I, a cough]. Relieving cough;
a remedy against cough.

Bechterew's disease (bek'-ter-u) [Vladimir Mik-
hailovich von Bechterew, Russian neurologist, 1857-
]. Ankylosis of the vertebral column, associated,
as a rule, with muscular atrophy and sensory symp-
toms. B.'s layer, the layer of fibers between and
parallel to the tangential fibers and Baillarger's layer
in the cerebral cortex. B.'s nucleus, the nucleus of
the vestibular portion of the auditory nerve; an ill-
defined group of ganglion-cells lying dorsad of Deiters'
nucleus. B.'s reaction, the minimum strength of
the electric current necessary to provoke muscular
contraction requires a gradual diminution at every
interruption of the current or change in density,
to prevent tetanic contraction which will occur if
the inital strength is maintained. It is observed in
tetany. B.'s sign, anesthesia of the popliteal space
in tabes dorsalis. B.'s tract, the central tract of the
tegmentum that passes between the mesial side of
the superior olivary body and the fillet.

Beck's method [Emil G. Beck, American surgeon,
1866- ]. Tuberculous cavities in bone are
curetted and then filled with a paste containing 30
per cent, of bismuth subnitrate.

Beck's operation. To cure epilepsy due to ad-
hesions resulting from fracture or operations on the
skull. The skull defect is plugged with temporal
fascia and muscle.

Becker's reaction for picrotoxin. Picrotoxin
reduces Fehling's solution upon the application of
gentle heat. B.'s sign [Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker,
German ophthalmologist, 1828-1890]. Spontaneous
pulsation of the retinal arteries in exophthalmic
goiter. B.'s test, a test for astigmatism made by
means of a set of parallel lines in triplets placed in
various meridians.

Beclard's hernia (ba'-klar) [Pierre Augustin
B^clard, French anatomist, 1785-1825]. Hernia
occurring through the saphenous opening. B.'s
nucleus, a vascular, bony nucleus, of lenticular
shape, appearing in the cartilage of the lower epi-
physis of the femur during the thirty-seventh week
of fetal life.

Becquerel's disc (bek'-er-el). An apparatus for
estimating the difference in temperature between a
sound limb and a paralyzed one. B.'s pills, pills
containing quinine, extract of digitalis, and colchicum
seeds; they are used in gout. B.'s rays, invisible
radiations of electrified particles or ions projected
from radioactive bodies such as uranium, radium,
polonium, or their salts, without evident cause, and
persisting over long periods.

bed [AS., bedd]. The couch or support on which

BEDBUG

135

BELLINI'S DUCT

the body may rest in sleep or in sickness; usually a
mattress of straw, hair, or similar substance, b., air-,
a mattress of rubber or leather that can be inflated
with air. b.-case, a form of hysteria in which the
patient persistently lies in bed. b., fracture-, an
especial device for the use of a patient confined with
a fracture, composed of sections forming a double or
triple inclined plane with an aperture to allow of the
ejection of urine and feces, b.-hoist, a device for
lifting a patient from bed. b.-pan, a large shallow
vessel for receiving the alvine discharges of bedridden
patients, b., protection-, a bed arranged for the
confinement of maniacs in a recumbent posture.
b.-rest, an apparatus for propping up patients in
bed. b.-sore, a sore produced on any part of the
body by prolonged pressure against the bed or by
trophic changes in paralyzed parts, b.-swing, an
appliance like a hammock for swinging a patient
clear of the bed. b., water-, a rubber mattress
containing water; it is used to prevent the formation
of bed-sores.

bedbug (bed' -bug). An apterous insect, Cimex
lectularius, that infests bedsteads, and at times is
parasitic upon the human body.

bedlam (bed'-lam) [ME., bedlem, a corruption of
Bethlehem). An insane asylum.

bedlamism (bed' -lam-izm) [bedlam]. Insanity.

bedlamite (bed'-lam-it) [bedlam]. A madman; an
insane person.

Bednar's aphthae [Alois Bednar, Austrian physi-
cian]. Two symmetrically placed ulcers seen at
times on the hard palate of cachectic infants, one
on each side of the mesial line.

bedouin itch. A synonym of the vesicular variety
of lichen tropicus.

bedridden (bed'-rid-n). Confined to bed; applied
especially to those who seem permanently so affected.

bed-wetting. Nocturnal enuresis.

beef (bef) [ME., befe]. The flesh of domestic
cattle. It consists of water, 73; fibrin, 15; gelatin, 4;
albumin, 3; fat and other substances, 5 %• b.-
extract, the soluble fibrin of lean meat partly desic-
cated, b.-measles. See Cysticercus bovis. b.-tea,
the soluble extractive matter of beef, made by steep-
ing finely cut lean beef in its weight of water and
straining.

Beeley's square and plumb-line. An instrument
to measure degrees of deformity.

beer (ber). See malt liquors.

Beer's cataract knife (ber) [Georg Joseph Beer].
A knife with a triangular-shaped blade, for making
section of the cornea in the removal of the crystal-
line lens. B.'s operation, extraction of cataract by
the flap method.

beestings (best'-ings). First milk after parturi-
tion; colostrum.

beeswax (bez'-waks). Cera fiava (U. S. P.), wax
secreted by bees, of which their cells are constructed.
It is used in making candles, ointments, and pomades.

beet (bet). The genus Beta, especially B. vulgaris,
the common beet.

Begbie's disease (beg'-be) [James Begbie, Scotch
physician, 1 798-1 869]. 1. Exophthalmic goiter.
2. Localized rhythmic chorea.

Beggiatoa (bej-e-at-o'-ah) [J. Beggiato, Italian
botanist]. A genus of Schizomycetes, consisting of
swinging or gliding, milk-white, gray, rosy, or violet
threads. They decompose sulphur compounds and
store up sulphur granules in their protoplasm. They
are found in stagnant, fresh, or salt water, particularly
in that contaminated with sewage or factory waste.

begma (beg'-mah) [fiijyua, a cough; pi., begmata],
A cough; the matter expectorated by coughing.

behen, behmen, behn, ben. Arabian names for
roots of various plants.

behenic (be-hen'-ik). Derived from behen.

behen-nut (be' -hen-nut). The seed of Moringa
pterygosperma, and M. aptera, trees of tropical
countries. They afford oil of behen, or oil of ben.

Behier-Hardy's symptom (ba'-he-a) [Louis Jules
B'ehier, French physician, 1813-1876]. Aphonia,
an early symptom in pulmonary gangrene.

Behnng's law (ba'-ring) [Emil Adolph Behring,
German physician, 1854- ]. The blood and
blood-serum of an individual who has been artificially
rendered immune against a certain infectious disease
may be transferred to another individual with the
effect of rendering the other also immune. B.'s
serum, serum containing diphtheria-antitoxin. B.'s
tulase, an immunizing remedy against tuberculosis.

Beigel's disease (bi'-gel) [Hermann Beigel, German
physician, 1829-1879]. Trichorrhexis nodosa.

Beissenhirtz's reaction for aniline (bi'-sen-hairtz).
On the addition of a grain of potassium dichromate
to a solution of aniline in concentrated sulphuric acid
the solution becomes first red, then blue, the color
gradually disappearing.

bel, bela (be'-lah) [Hind.]. The dried, half-ripe
fruit of JEgle marmelos, or Bengal quince. It is
recommended as a remedy for chronic diarrhea and
dysentery. The ripe fruit is slightly laxative. Dose
\-\ dr. (2-4 Gm.). b., liquid extract of (extr actum
bela liquidum, B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

belae fructus (be-le fruk-tus) [L.]. Bael-fruit; see
bel.

belching (belch' -ing) [ME., belchen]. The expulsion
of gas from the stomach through the mouth; eructa-
tion.

belemnoid (bel-em'-noid) [fieKe/ivov, a dart; elSos,
form]. 1. Dart-shaped; styloid. 2. The styloid
process of the ulna or of the temporal bone.

Belfield's operation (bel'-feld) [William Thomas
Belfield, American surgeon, 1856- ]. Making an
artificial opening into the vas deferens.

bell (bel) [ME., bel]. A hollow, metallic, sounding
instrument. b.-gastrula. See archigastrula. b.-
metal, an alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and antimony.
b. sound, b. tympany, the sound produced in pneumo-
thorax by striking a coin, placed fiat upon the chest,
with another coin. It can be heard through the
stethoscope placed over the affected side.

bell-crowned (bel'-krownd). Applied to a tooth-
crown which is largest at the occlusal surface and
tapers to the gum.

Bell's disease [1. Sir Charles Bell, Scotch physi-
ologist, 1774-1842; 2. John Bell, Scotch anatomist,
1763-1820]. 1. See Bell's mania. 2. See Bell's
paralysis. B.'s law, [1]. the anterior spinal nerve-
roots are motor; the posterior, sensory. B.'s mania,
[1]. acute delirium; acute periencephalitis. B.'s
muscle, [2]. The short muscular ridge on the inner
surface of the bladder, passing forward from the
ureteral openings and ending in the uvula vesica?.
B.'s nerves, [2]. The external and internal respira-
tory nerves — i. e., the posterior thoracic and phrenic
nerves. B.'s palsy, B.'s paralysis, [1], peripheral
paralysis of the facial nerve. B.'s phenomenon, [1].
upward and outward rolling of the eyeball when an
attempt is made to close the eye of the affected side
in peripheral facial paralysis. B.'s respiratory
nerve, [2]. The long thoracic nerve. B.'s spasm, [1].
convulsive facial tic.

belladonna (bel-ah-don'-ah) [It., bella donna,
beautiful lady]. Deadly nightshade. A perennial
plant of the order Solanaceay indigenous to southern
Europe and Asia, and cultivated in the United States.
Its properties are due to the alkaloids atropine and
belladonnine, the latter thought to be identical with
hyoscyamine. Both leaves and root are employed.
It is used as an antispasmodic, as a cardiac and
respiratory stimulant, and to check secretions, as
those of the sweat and milk. b. leaves {belladonna
folia, U. S. P.), the dried leaves of Atropa belladonna.
b. leaves, extract of (extractum belladonna foliorum,
U. S. P.). Dose £ gr. (0.01 Gm.). b. leaves, tinc-
ture of (tinctura belladonna foliorum, U. S. P.),
15 %. Dose 1-30 min. (0.06-2.0 Cc). b. liniment
(linimentum belladonna, U. S. P.), made of camphor,
5; fiuidextract of belladonna root, 95. b. ointment
(unguentum belladonna, U. S. P.), contains extract
of belladonna leaves, 10; diluted alcohol, 6; benzoi-
nated lard, 65; hydrous wool-fat, 20. b. plaster
(emplastrum belladonna, U. S. P.), made of adhesive
plaster and extract of belladonna leaves, b. root
(belladonna radix, U. S. P.), the dried root of Atropa
belladonna, b. root, fiuidextract of (fiuidextr actum
belladonna radicis, U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-
0.3 Cc).

belladonnine (bel-ah-don'-in) [see belladonna],
C17H23NO3. An alkaloid found in belladonna. It
resembles atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine. It
occurs with atropine, and is likewise decomposed
into tropic acid and oxytropine, C8H15NO2. See
belladonna.

Bell-Bernhardt's phenomenon. See Bell's phe-
nomenon.

Bellini's duct (bel-e'-ne) [Lorenzo Bellini, Italian
anatomist, 1643-1704]. One of the excretory ducts
of the kidney. B.'s ligament, a ligamentous band
extending from the capsule of the hip- joint to the

BELLITE

136

BENZIDINE

greater trochanter of the femur. B.'s tubes, the
straight uriniferous tubules.

beUite (bel'-it) [bellum, war]. An explosive em-
ployed both in war and in blasting. A principal
element in its manufacture is nitrobenzol. The most
prominent symptoms induced by its inhalation and
absorption are headache, mental confusion, dyspnea,
pallor, blueness of the lips, general lividity, coma,
insensibility.

Bell-Magendie's law. See Bell's law.

Bellocq's cannula (bel'-oks). An instrument used
in plugging the nares.

Bellonia (bel-o'-ne-ah) [Peter Belon, a French nat-
uralist, 1499-1564]. A genus of plants of the order
Gesneracece. B. aspera is a shrub of the West Indies;
the bark is used in intermittent fever and in dysen-
tery.

bellows (bel'-oz) [ME., belowes]. An instrument for
propelling air through a tube or small orifice, b.
sound, the bruit de souffle, q. v.

belly (bel'-e) [ME., bely]. 1. See abdomen. 2. Any
belly- like enlargement of a part, b -bound, con-
stipated, b.-button, the navel, b. of a muscle, the
fleshy part of a muscle.

bellyache (bel-e-ak). See colic.

beloid (bel'-oid) [fieKos, an arrow]. Arrow-shaped
or styloid.

belonephobia (bel-o-ne-fo'-be-ah) \fie\oi>r), a pin;
<£6/3os, fear]. A morbid dread of pins and needles,
and of sharp-pointed objects in general.

belonoid (bel'-on-oid) [fieXovrj, a needle, bodkin].
Styloid; needle-shaped.

belonospasis (bel-on-os' -pa-sis) [fieXovrj, a point;
crvavis, a drawing]. Irritation by means of needles
or metallic tractors.

belt {belt). A girdle about the waist, b., abdomi-
nal, a broad, elastic belt worn about the abdomen
as a support during pregnancy, b., magnetic, a belt
consisting of plates of metal fastened upon a strip
of felt moistened with dilute acid. It is a cure-all
largely sold by empirics, b., test, a patient suffering
from enteroptosis experiences a sensation of relief
when firm upward pressure is made on the lower
part of the abdomen.

ben, oil of, benne oil (ben, ben'-e). Oleum bala-
tinum; it is obtained by expression from the seeds
of the several species of Moringa. It is a colorless,
odorless oil, not readily turning rancid. It is used
for extracting odors and for lubricating clocks and
light machinery.

Benario's method (ben-ar'-e-o). For the fixation
of blood-films. It consists in the use of a 1 % alco-
holic solution of formalin for one minute.

Bence- Jones' bodies [Henry Bence-Jones, English
physician, 1814-1873]- Peculiar bodies, consisting
of albumose, found in the urine in certain affections
of the bone-marrow, especially neoplasms. B.-J.'s
cylinders, long cylindrical formations derived from
the seminiferous tubules, sometimes seen in the
urine. B.-J.'s reaction, the urine is acidified with
acetic acid and gently heated, in the presence of
albumose a precipitate is formed, which is dissolved
on boiling and reappears on cooling.

bends (bendz) [ME., bend]. A term used by miners
and caisson-laborers for a condition produced by too
sudden reduction of the high air-pressure; it is indi-
cated by swellings or small bubbles under the skin;
see caisson disease.

Benedict's test for HC1 in the stomach. This
consists in auscultation over the stomach after the
patient has swallowed a small quantity of saturated
solution of sodium bicarbonate. Normal hydro-
chloric acidity is indicated by a fine crepitation,
superacidity by an earlier and louder sound, and
in anacidity the crepitation is absent.

benedictine (ben-e-dik'-tin) [benedicere, to bless].
A liqueur or cordial originally prepared by Bene-
dictine monks, and distilled at Fecamp, in France.
It much resembles chartreuse and trappistine.

Benedikt's syndrome (ben'-e-dikt) [Moritz Bene-
dikt, Austrian physician, 1835- ]. Paralysis of
the motor oculi of one side and tremor of the arm of
the opposite side; attributed by Charcot to a lesion
in the ventrointernal part of the crura cerebri.

beng (beng). See cannabis indica.

bengalin (ben'-gawl-in) [Hind., Bengal]. A blue
pigment derived from the benzene colors.

Benger's food. Partially digested and solidified
beef -tea, used as a food for invalids.

Bengue's anodyne balsam (ben'-ga). A compound

consisting of menthol, 32^; methyl salicylate, 32 J;
wool-fat, 33-

benign, benignant (be-nln', be-nig'-nant) [benignus,
kind]. Not endangering health or life; not malignant,
applied to certain tumors.

Benincasa (ben-in-ka' '-zah) [Benincasa, an Italian
nobleman]. A genus of plants of the order Cucur-
bitacece. B. cerifera is a perennial species of the
East Indies, with large, greenish fruit, the seeds of
which are used in dysuria and colic, the rind in
tuberculosis, asthma, and chills, and the plant in
fevers, vertigo, etc.

Benique's sound (ba-ne-ka') [Pierre Jules Benique,
French physician, 1806-1851]. A urethral sound
with a wide curve.

benne, oil of (ben'-e). Oil of sesame seeds. See
sesame.

Bennett's corpuscles. Large epithelial cells filled
with fatty detritus found in the contents of some
ovarian cysts.

Bennett's fracture [Edward Hallaran Bennett,
Irish surgeon, 1837-1907]. A longitudinal fracture
of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the
carpometacarpal joint and complicated by subluxa-
tion.

benzacetin (ben-zas'-et-in), C6H3(OC2H5)(NH .-
CHsCO)COOH. Colorless crystals, soluble in alco-
hol, slightly soluble in water; melt at 205 ° C. It is
used in neuralgia. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 Gm.).
Syn., acetamidomethyl-salicylic acid.

benzaconine (ben-zak' -on-en) . An alkaloid from
aconite with action similar to aconitine, except that
it lacks its antipyretic power and has little effect
on the sensory nerves, while it depresses the motor
group and also the muscle-fibers.

benzaldehyde (ben-zaV -de-hid) [benzoin; aldehyde],
C7H6O, benzaldehydum (U. S. P.). Bitter-almond oil;
a compound that results from the oxidation of benzyl
alcohol.

benzamide (ben'-zam-id) [benzoin; amide], C7H7NO.
A compound resulting from the action of benzoyl
chloride upon alcoholic ammonia.

benzamil (ben'-zam-il), C28H10NO2. A distillation-
product of oil of bitter almonds

benzanalgen (ben-zan-al'-jen), C9H5OC2H5 . HN-
COeCHsN. A derivative of chinolin. It is antiseptic ,
antipyretic, and antineuralgic, and has the power of
dissolving uric acid. It is used in rheumatism, tabes
dorsalis, and chronic gout. Dose 75~45 gr. (0.5-
3.0 Gm.).

benzanilide (ben-zan' -il-id) [benzoin; aniline],
C13H11NO. Benzoyl anilide, prepared by the action
of benzoyl chloride on aniline. It is used as an
antipyretic in children in doses of 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5
Gm.).

benzaurin (ben-zaw'-rin), C19H16O3. Red crystals
melting at 1000 C. Syn., Phenyldiphenolcarbinol.
b. anhydride, a colorless substance dissolving in
alkaline solutions with a violet color.

benzene (ben'-zen), Ceile. A hydrocarbon con-
tained in coal-tar. It is formed by the dry distil-
lation of all benzene acids. It is a mobile, ethereal-
smelling liquid, of specific gravity 0.899 at 0°. It
solidifies at about o°, melts at +6°, boils at 5800,
and burns with a luminous flame. It readily dis-
solves resins, fats, sulphur, iodine, and phosphorus.
Aniline and the aniline colors are derived from it.
Syn., benzol; phene; phenyl hydrid. b.-sulphonic
acid, C6H5 . SOsH, is prepared by boiling together
equal parts of benzene and H2SO4. It occurs in
small plates, readily soluble in alcohol and water,
and which deliquesce in the air.

benzenyl (ben'-zen-il). See phenyl, b.-amido-
thiophenol, C13H9NS, acicular crystals with fragrance
of roses, obtained from amidophenylmercaptan by
benzoic aldehyde and heat; it is soluble in alcohol,
ether, carbon disulphide, and dilute hydrochloric
acid. Syn., benzenylamidophenylmercaptan.

benzhydrol (benz-hi'-drol), C6H5-CH(OH) -CeHs.
An alcohol occurring as silky, acicular crystals,
slightly soluble in water, obtained from an alcoholic
solution of benzophenone by action of sodium amal-
gam. Syn., diphenylcarbinol. b. acetate, a thick
liquid obtained by heating benzhydrol with acetic
acid.

benzidine (ben'-zid-en). Diaminobiphenyl, NH2 .-
CeH4 . CeH4 . NH2. A colorless, crystalline sub-
'stance, formed by reaction of acids upon hydrazo-
benzene. Used in test for blood. See Adler's
benzidine reaction for blood.

BENZIL

137

BERARD'S ANEURYSM

benzil {benz'-il), Q4H10O2. A compound produced
by the action of nitric acid on benzoin.

benzUimide (ben-zil'-im-id), C28H22N2O2. White
silky needles obtained from an alcoholic solution of
benzil by action of dry ammoniacal gas.

benzimide {ben' -zim-id) [benzoyl; amide], C23H18-
N2O2. A compound formed by the action of hydro-
cyanic acid on benzoyl hydrate. It occurs also in
the resinous residue of the rectification of the oil of
bitter almonds.

benzin, benzinum, benzine {ben'-zin, -zi'-num,
ben'-zen). Petroleum ether. The benzinum of the
U. S. P. is a purified distillate from American petro-
leum, having a specific gravity of 0.77 to 0.79, boiling
at 8o° to 900 C, colorless, of ethereal odor, and a
slightly peppermint-like taste. It is a valuable sol-
vent for oils, fats, resins, caoutchouc, and some
alkaloids. It has been used against tape-worm. It
should be distinguished from benzene. Dose 5-10
min. (0.33-0.66 Cc.) on sugar or in mucilage, b.,
coal-tar, benzin obtained as a by-product in preparing
benzene and toluene from coal-tar oil by action of
acids and alkalies. It differs chemically and phys-
ically from petroleum benzin, and is used as a
cleansing fluid and as a solvent for resin, caoutchouc,
etc.

benzinin {ben' -zin-in). A toxin extracted by Au-
clair from tubercle bacilli. Syn., benzinobacillin.

benzinobacillin {ben-zin-o-bas'-il-in). See benzinin.

benzinomania {ben-zin-o-ma' -ne-ah) . The habit
of taking benzin, by inhalation. And see benzolism.

benzite {ben'-zit). A solution of sulphur in two
or three parts of hot coal-tar.

benzoate {ben'-zo-at) [benzoin]. Any salt of
benzoic acid, b., naphthol. See benzonaphthol.

benzoated {ben'-zo-a-ted) [benzoin]. Impregnated
with benzoin or with benzoic acid or a benzoate.

benzodiureid (ben-zo-di-u' -re-id) , C9H12N4O2. Tiny
needles obtained from benzoic aldehyde by action
of urea.

benzoglycollate {ben-zo- gli'-kol-at). A salt of
benzoglycollic acid.

benzohelicin {ben-zo-heV -is-in) , C20H20O8. A com-
bination of benzoyl and helicin. Syn., benzoyl helicin.

benzoic {ben-zo'-ik) [benzoin]. Pertaining to or
derived from benzoin, b. acid. See acid, benzoic.

benzoin {ben'-zoin or -zo-in) [origin obscure].

1. Benzoinum (U. S. P.), a resin obtained from
Styrax benzoin, a tree native to Sumatra and Siam.
It is a ketone alcohol, C14H12O2, and may be produced
by oxidizing hydrobenzoin with concentrated HNO3.
It is antiseptic and disinfectant, and is used mainly
as a stimulant expectorant in chronic bronchitis.

2. C14H12O2, a reaction-product of an alcoholic solu-
tion of potassium cyanide on benzoic aldehyde,
forming yellowish, fragrant prisms, soluble in hot
alcohol, melting at i35°-i37° C. It is used as an
external antiseptic, 1 part in 5 of lard. Syn., bitter-
almond oil camphor; phenylbenzoyl carbinol. b.,
flowers of, benzoic acid obtained by the sublimation
of benzoin, b., tincture of {tinctura benzoini, U. S.
P.), 20 % of the resin in alcohol. Dose §-1 dr.
(2-4 Cc). b., tincture of, compound {tinctura
benzoini composita, U. S. P.), friars' balsam; Turling-
ton's balsam; it consists of benzoin, 12; aloes, 2;
storax, 8; balsam of tolu, 4; alcohol, sufficient to
make 100 parts. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

benzoinam {ben-zo'-in-am), C28H24N2O. A crystal-
line powder derived from .benzoin by action of
alcoholic solution of ammonia with heat.

benzoinated {ben-zo' -in-a-ted) . Combined or
prepared with benzoin.

benzoinol {ben-zo' -in-ol). An oily liquid, said to
consist of albolene with gum benzoin in solution;
it is used as an excipient for menthol, camphor, etc.,
in diseases of the nose and throat.

benzoiodohydrin {ben-zo-i-o-do-hV -drin) , (C3H5)-
ClICCyHoCb). A brownish-yellow, oily mass, soluble
in alcohol, ether, and petroleum ether, insoluble in
glycerol. It decomposes at ioo° C, iodine being
liberated. It is a succedaneum for potassium iodide,
and is given in the same doses. Syn., chloroiodo-
benzoic-glycerinester ; glycerylchloriodobenzoate.

benzol, benzole, benzoleum {ben'-zol, ben'-zol,
ben-zol-e'-um). See benzene.

benzolguaiacol {ben-zol-givi'-ak-ol). See benzosol.

benzohne {ben' -zol-en) . Impure benzene, used
for removing grease.

benzolism {ben'-zol-izm). Benzol-poisoning, from
inhaling the vapor or swallowing it. It is marked

in light cases by dizziness, loss of consciousness,
and anesthesia; in severer cases by hallucination,
epileptic paroxysms, and coma.

benzonaphthol {ben-zo-naf-thol) [benzoin; naph-
thol], CioHtOCCtHoO). The benzoate of betanaphthol,
used as an .intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever
and other intestinal diseases. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-
0.52 Gm.).

benzonitrile {ben-zo-ni' -tril) [benzoin; niirum,
niter], C7H5N. An oil obtained from benzene-
sulphonic acid by distillation with potassium cyanide.
It has an odor resembling that of oil of bitter almonds,
and boils at 1910 C; its specific gravity is 1.023
at o° C.

benzoparacresol {ben-zo-par-ah-kre'-sol). An in-
testinal septic, insoluble in water. Dose, 4 gr.
(0.25 gm.). m

benzophenid {ben-zo-fen' -id) . Phenyl benzoate.

benzophenoneid {ben-zo-fe-no' -ne-id) . An anti-
septic and germicidal compound.

benzopyrine {ben-zo-pi'-rin). Antipyrine benzoate.

benzosalicin {ben-zo-saV -is-in) . See populin.

benzosalin {ben-zo-sa'-lin). Trade name for the
methyl ester of benzosalicylic acid; used in rheuma-
tism, sciatica, neuralgia. Dose, 20-40 gr. (1-2 gm.).

benzosol (ben'-zo-sol) [benzoin], C14H12O3. The
benzoate of guaiacol; it contains 54 % of guaiacol.
Its chief uses are as an intestinal antiseptic and in
pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 3-12 gr. (0.2-0.8
Gm.).

benzosulphate {ben-zo-suV -fat) . A salt of benzo-
sulphuric acid.

benzosulphinide {ben-zo-suV -fin-id) . Benzosul-
phinidum (U. S. P.) ; saccharin.

benzotrichloride {ben-zo-tri-klo' -rid) , C7H5CI3. A
colorless, transparent, highly refractive liquid, with
penetrating odor, obtained from boding toluene by
action of chlorine; sp. gr. 1.38 at 140 C; boils at
2I3°-2I4° C. Syn., benzenyl trichloride.

benzoyl {ben'-zo-il) [benzoin], CeHsCO. The
radical of benzoic acid, of oil of bitter almonds, and
of an extensive series of compounds derived from
this oil, or connected with it by certain relations.
b.-acetylperoxide, C9H8O4, an oxidized product of
the mixed anhydride of acetic and benzoic acids, a
crystalline body, slightly soluble in water and very
unstable. To prevent explosion by sudden heating
or grinding it is diluted with an equal quantity of
inert absorbent powder and called acetozone. It is
used as an intestinal antiseptic Dose 4-5 gr. (0.26-
0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., acetyl-benzoyl
peroxide, b. chloride, C7H5OCI, a transparent,
colorless, pungent oil with a specific gravity of
1. 21 at 190 C; it boils at i94°-i95° C. When acted
on by alcoholic ammonia it gives dibenzylamine.
It is used as a reagent in organic analysis and syn-
thesis. Syn., chlorobenzoyl chloride, b.-ecgonin, Ci6-
HisNCuH, a substance intermediate in composition
between cocaine and ecgonin. b.-eugenol, C17H16O3,
a substance forming large, transparent, colorless
prisms or small white crystals, soluble in alcohol,
ether, chloroform, and acetone; melts at 69°-70.S° C.
It is used in tuberculosis. Dose 7i~i5 gr- (0.5-1.0
Gm.). b.-glycocin, b.-glycocoll, hippuric acid, b.-
guaiacol. See benzosol. b. hydrate, benzoic acid;
also improperly applied to benzoic aldehyde, b.
peroxide, a bactericide and disinfectant substance.
b.-phenylhydrazin, C13H12N2O, an antiseptic. b.
pseudotropein, a local anesthetic, b. salicin, see
populin. b.-tropein, CeHutCeHoCCONO, silky, acicu-
lar needles; it is a local anesthetic.

benzyl (ben'-zil) [benzoin], C7H7. A univalent
hydrocarbon radical that does not exist in the free
state, but in combination forms a considerable
number of compounds, b. alcohol. See alcohol,
benzyl.

benzylic {ben-zil'-ik). Relating to or prepared with
benzyl.

benzylidene {ben-zil' -id-en) [benzoin], C-Ue. A
bivalent hydrocarbon radical derived from benzoin
compounds.

Beral's apparatus. In pharmacy, an apparatus
for effecting lixiviation.

Beraneck's tuberculin {ba-ran-ek') [Edmond Ber-
aneck, Swiss bacteriologist, 1850- ]. A tuberculin
made from two filtrates of tubercle bacilli, one
extracted with lime, the other with phosphoric
acid.

Berard's aneurysm {ba-rar) [Auguste B'erard,
French surgeon, 1 802-1 846]. A varicose aneurysm

BERAUD'S LIGAMENT

138

BETACISM

having its sac in the tissue immediately surrounding
the vein.

Beraud's ligament (ba-ro') [Bruno Jean Jacques
Beraud, French surgeon, 1825-1865]. The suspensory
ligament of the pericardium that is attached to the
third and fourth dorsal vertebra?. B.'s valve, a fold
of mucous membrane found occasionally in the
lacrimal sac, which it separates from the nasal
duct.

berberine (ber'-ber-en) [berberis], C20H17NO4. An
alkaloid found in the bark of Berberis and in many
other plants. It is recommended as a tonic and
antiperiodic, and is an ingredient of various lotions
for mucous membranes; it is useful in nasal catarrh,
etc. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). b. carbonate,
C41H34NO11, crystalline powder, soluble in hot water;
it is antiperiodic, stomachic, and tonic. Dose,
antiperiodic, 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.); stomachic and
tonic, |-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) 3 times daily, b.
hydrochloride, is used locally in gonorrhea.

berberis '(ber'-ber-is) [L.]. Barberry. The berberis
of the U. S. P. is the root of Berberis aquifolium and
other species. Its properties are due to an alkaloid,
berberine, C20H17NO4. It is an astringent, bitter
tonic; in large doses, a cathartic. It has been used
locally in conjunctivitis, and internally in malarial
and typhoid fevers, b., fluidextract of (fluidex-
tractum berberidis, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-
2.0 Cc). b., tincture of. Dose 10 min.-i dr.
(0.65-4-0 Cc).

bergamot, oil of (bur'-gam-ot) [Bergamo, a town
in Italy], C10H16. A volatile oil derived from the
rind of the Citrus bergamia. It is used mainly as a
perfume and as a clearing-agent in histological work.

bergapten (bur-gap' -ten), C12H8O4. A solid, greasy
compound obtained from bergamot oil, being the
lactone of burgaptenic acid. It melts at 1880 C.
Syn., bergamilene; bergamot camphor.

bergenin (bur'-jen-in) [Bergenia, a genus of plants],
C6H3O3H2O. A bitter, crystalline substance, ob-
tained from various species of saxifrage, melting at
1400 C. It is said to be a nerve tonic, with action
intermediate between that of salicylic acid and of
quinine.

Berger's paresthesia (bar'-ja) [Emil Berger,
Austrian physician]. Paresthesia in youthful sub-
jects, of one or both lower extremities, without
objective symptoms, accompanied by weakness.
B.'s sign, an elliptical or irregular shape of the pupil
sometimes seen in the early stage of tabes and
paralytic dementia and in paralysis of the third
cranial nerve.

Bergeron's disease (bar-ja-ron) [Etienne Jules
Bergeron, French physician, 1817-1900]. An affec-
tion characterized by abrupt, lightning-like, mus-
cular contractions, independent of the will and
limited ordinarily to the head and arms, involving
at times the two extremities of one side. Like
Dubini's disease, it is also known as " electric
chorea."

Bergeron-Henoch's chorea. See Bergeron's disease.

Bergmann's fibers, B.-Deiters' fibers. The
processes of certain superficial neuroglia cells of the
cerebellum- which radiate toward the surface and are
connected with the pia. B. incision. An oblique
incision to expose the kidney. From the outer edge
of the erector spina? at the level of twelfth rib down-
ward and outward toward the junction of the outer
and middle third of Poupart's ligament.

beriberi (ber'-e-ber-e) [Singhalese, beri, weakness].
An infectious disease, endemic in various countries
of Asia (Ceylon, India, China, Japan), Africa, and
Australia, and presenting the features of a multiple
neuritis. Bad food and defective hygienic conditions
are predisposing causes; the true etiological factor is
probably a microorganism. Syn., kakke; myelopathia
tropica; panneuritis epidemica. b., dropsical. See
uncinariasis, b., pseudo-, Gibbs' name for a disease
endemic in the Singapore Lunatic Asylum, which pre-
vails during the wet season and attacks Asiatics only.
It is not contagious, is marked by slight anemia,
considerable soft anasarca, and tendency to sudden
death from shock. The softness of the edema, lack
of spastic and paralytic conditions, and rapidity of
recovery distinguish it from beriberi. The period
of incubation is from one to two days, b., web,
that marked by anemia and dropsy without paralysis.

Berkefeld filter (berk' -felt). A filter of diatomace-
ous earth used to filter out bacteria and so obtain a
sterile filtrate.

Berlin's disease [Rudolf Berlin, German ophthal-
mologist, 1833-1907]. Commotio retinae; traumatic
edema of the retina.

Bernard's canal or duct (bur-nar') [Claude Bernard,
French physiologist, 1813-1878]. The supplementary
duct of the pancreas. B.'s center, the "diabetic
center" in the floor of the fourth ventricle. B.'s
granular layer, the deep layer of cells lining the
acini of the pancreas. It is granular in appearance
and stains but slightly with carmin. B.'s puncture,
the puncture of a definite spot in the floor of the
fourth cerebral ventricle for the production of arti-
ficial diabetes.

Bernays' aseptic sponge (bur'-nay) [Augustus
Charles Bernays, American surgeon, 1854-1907].
Small circular discs of prepared cotton fiber which
has been subjected to great pressure; when placed
in water, they increase in size 12 to 15 times. They
are recommended as controlling agents in nasal
hemorrhage.

Bernhardt's paresthesia (burn'-hart) [Martin
Bernhardt, German neurologist, 1844- ]. Ab-
normal sensations, especially of numbness, with
hyperesthesia and pain on exertion, in the region
supplied by the external cutaneous nerve of the
thigh.

Bernhardt-Roth's symptom-complex. See Bern-
hardt's paresthesia.

Bernheimer's fibers (burn' -hi-mer) [Stefan Bern-
heimer, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1861- ]. A
tract of nerve-fibers extending from the optic tract
to Luys' body.

berry (ber'-e). An indehiscent fruit with a peri-
carp that is succulent throughout, as the grape and
gooseberry.

Berthelot's test for phenol (bur'-thel-o) [Marcellin
Pierre Eugene Berthelot, French chemist, 1827-1907].
An ammoniacal solution of phenol treated with
sodium hypochlorite produces a beautiful blue
coloration.

Berthollet's law (bur-tol-a') [Claude Louis Berthol-
et, French chemist, 1748-1822]. When two salts
in solution can, by double decomposition, produce a
salt less soluble than either, this salt will be produced.

Bertillonage (ber-til-lon-a(h)j) [Alphonse Bertillon,
French anthropologist, 1853-1914]. A system of
carefully recorded measurements and descriptions
of criminals, for the purpose of future identification,
introduced into France by Bertillon and adopted
by the police of many large cities of the United
States.

Bertin, bones of (bur-tan') [Exupere Joseph
Bertin, French anatomist, 1712-1781]. The sphenoid
turbinated bones, partly closing the sphenoid sinuses.
B., column of, a cortical column of the kidney; the
part separating the medullary pyramids. B., liga-
ment of, the iliofemoral ligament.

beryllium (ber-il'-e-um) [firipvWos, beryl]. A
bivalent metal obtained from the beryl, whence its
name. Syn., glucinum. See elements, table of
chemical.

Berzelius' test for albumin (bur-ze'-le-us) [Johan
Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist, 1779-1848]. All
albuminous substances (except peptone) are precipi-
tated from their aqueous solutions by metaphosphoric
acid in freshly prepared concentrated solution.

besetment (be-set'-ment). An obsession.

besiclometer (bes-ik-lom'-et-er) [Fr., besides, spec-
tacle's; \ikrpov, measure]. An instrument used by
opticians for measuring the forehead to obtain the
proper width for spectacle frames.

Besnier's rheumatism (ba-ne-a') [Jules Besnier,
French physician]. Simple chronic articular rheu-
matism; chronic arthrosynovitis.

bestiality (bes-te-al'-it-e) [bestia, a beast]. Sexual
intercourse with an animal.

Bestucheff's mixture, B.'s tincture (bes'-tu-shef)
[Alexei Petrovich Bestucheff, Russian general, 1693-
1766]. The ethereal tincture of iron chloride, used
in erysipelas. It is made as follows: Tincture of
iron chloride, 1 part; spirit of nitrous ether, 4 parts.
Mix and expose to the rays of the sun in well-closed
bottles until the brownish color disappears. The
dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every 3 hours.

beta (be'-tah) [L.]. 1. The beet. 2. The second
letter of the Greek alphabet, used in chemical nomen-
clature to indicate the second of two isomeric com-
pounds.

betacism (be'-tas-izm) [beta, /S, the second letter of
the Greek alphabet]. The too-frequent use of the

BETAINE

139

BICEPS

&-sound in speech, or the conversion of other sounds
into it.

betaine (be'-ta-in). A ptomaine, C5H11NO2, ob-
tained from certain animal and vegetable substances,
including the beet.

betanaphthol (be-tah-naf -thol) . See naphthol.
b. bismuth, a preparation containing 80 % of bis-
muth oxide and 20 % of betanaphthol. It is a brown
powder, insoluble in water, and decomposed into its
component parts in the intestine, the betanaphthol
being absorbed and discharged with the urine, while
the bismuth is evacuated with the stools. It is an
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.).
b. carbonate, CO(OCioH7)2, a dinaphthyl ester of
carbonic acid obtained by the action of phosgene on
betanaphthol sodium. It is used as an intestinal
antiseptic, b. lactate, lactol.

betel (be'-teV) [E. Ind.]. A masticatory used in
the East. A few grains of the nut of the catechu
palm, Areca catechu, are rolled up with a small
amount of quicklime in a leaf of Piper betel, and
chewed. It is tonic, astringent, stimulant, and
aphrodisiac, and seems to increase the powers of
endurance. Dose of fluidextract 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc).
bethroot (beth-root). The rhizome of Trillium
erecta, astringent and tonic. Dose of fluidextract
rg> xxx-3j. Triliin, a concentrated ext. Dose gr.
ij-iv.

betin (be'-tin) [beta, a beet]. A precipitate pre-
pared from a tincture of the common beet. It has
been proposed as a substitute for ergot.

betol (be'-tol), C11H7O . C-H5O2. A salicylic ether
of naphthol, used in rheumatism and cystitis. It
resembles salicylic acid in its properties. Dose
10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). Syn., naphthalol; salin-
aphthol.

betony (bet'-on-e). The leaves of Stachys betonica,
formerly used as an emetic, expectorant, cathartic
and for various other purposes.

Bettendorff's test for arsenic (Joet' -en-dorf) . On
heating a solution of stannous chloride in concentrated
hydrochloric acid, specific gravity 1.19, with a solu-
tion of arsenic or arsenous acids in strong hydrochloric
acid, a brownish turbidity or precipitate of metallic
arsenic and tin is yielded.

Bettmann's test. Same as Bettendorff's test.
betula (bei'-u-lah) [betula, birch]. See birch.
betulase (bet' -u-las) . See gaultherase.
betulin (bet'-u-lin) [betula, birch], CseEUoCh. Birch-
resin, or birch-camphor, derived from the bark of
the white birch.

betulol (bet'-u-lol). An application for the treat-
ment of rheumatism, said to be more quickly ab-
sorbed than oil of wintergreen. Syn., methyl-oleo-
salicylate.

between-brain. The interbrain; also the mid-
brain.

Betz, giant cells of (bets) ;[Philipp Friedrich Betz,
German physician, 1819- ]• Large ganglion-cells
found in the deeper layers of the cortex, especially in
the ascending frontal convolution and the paracentral
lobule. They are usually arranged in small groups
of from three to five that are known as Betz's nests.
Bevan's incision. To expose the gall-bladder.
A vertical incision along the outer border of right
rectus muscle.

bex (beks) [/3^, a cough]. A cough, or disease
characterized by coughing, b. convulsiva, whooping-
cough, b. theriodes, synonym of whooping-cough.

bezoar (be'-zo-ar) [Pers., padzahr, the bezoar-
stone, supposed antidote for poison]. A concretion
found in the stomach or intestine of some animals
(especially ruminants), formerly believed to be
efficacious in preventing the fatal effects of poison.
b., oriental, a hard, round concretion obtained
from the intestine of the gazelle and other ruminants.
It consists of concentric layers of resinous matter
which burn with an agreeable odor; it is valued in
the East for supposed medicinal properties.

Bezold's ganglion (be'-zolt) [Friedrich Bezold,
German otologist, 1842-1908]. A ganglion in the
interauricular septum of the frog's heart. B.'s
mastoiditis, destruction of the apex of the mastoid
process with a tendency to the formation of an ab-
scess in the neck. B.'s perforation, perforation on
the inner surface of the mastoid, with formation of
an abscess under the sterno-mastoid. B.'s symptom,
the appearance of an inflammatory swelling a short
distance below the apex of the mastoid process is
evidence of mastoid suppuration. See Bezold's

mastoiditis, B.'s perforation. B.'s triad, diminished
or delayed bone conduction, diminished appreciation
of low tones, and negative Rinne's test, all together
indicating otosclerosis.

BF. [Fr. bouillon filtre, filtered broth or bouillon].
Same as Denys' tuberculin.

bhang (bang). See cannabis indica.

bhel (bel). See bel.

B. Hy. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Hygiene.

Bi. Chemical symbol of bismuth.

bi- [bis, twice]. A prefix meaning two, twice,
double.

biacuminate (bi-ak-u'-min-at) [bi-; acuminatus,
pointed]. Having two diverging pointed ends.

bialate (bi-a'-lat) [bi-; ala, a wing]. Having two
wings or wing-like appendages.

Bial's test for pentose (be'-al). Reagent: To 500
cc. of 30 per cent. HC1 add 1 gram of orcin and 25
drops of 10 per cent, ferric chloride solution. Four
to 5 cc. of this reagent are heated to the boiling point
and withdrawn from the flame. Add the suspected
urine drop by drop, up to 1 cc or less; a green color
will appear if pentose be present. If dextrose be
present in the urine it should first be removed by
fermentation with a pure culture of yeast.

bialuminate (bi-al-u'-min-at) [bi-; aluminum].
A salt of aluminum containing two equivalents of
aluminum combined with one of acid.

biangulate (bi-ang'-u-ldt) [bi-; angulus, an angle].
With two angles.

biapiculate (bi-ap-ik' -u-ldt) [bi-; apex, the summit].
With two summits.

biarsenate (bi-ar'-sen-at) [bi-; arsenic}. An acid
arsenate containing two atoms of hydrogen.

biarticulate (bi-ar-tik'-u-lat) [bi-; articulus, a
joint]. Having a double joint.

biasteriac, biasterial, biasteric (bi-as-ter'-e-ak,
bi-as-te'-re-al, bi-as-ter'-ik) [bi-; asterion, a cranio-
metric point]. Relating to the asterion on each side
of the skull; extending between the two asterions.

biauricular (bi-aw-rik' -u-lar) [bi-; auricula, the
ear]. Relating to two auricles or to two correspond-
ing auricular points.

biaurite (bi-aw'-rit) [bi-; auris, the ear]. Furnished
with two ears or ear-like projections.

biaxial (bi-aks'-e-al) [bis, twice; axis]. Furnished
with two axes.

bib. A portion of a red blood-corpuscle adherent
to the crescent bodies of the blood, observed in
malaria.

bibasic (bi-ba'-sik) [bi-; basis, a base]. Having
two hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases, as certain
acids; dibasic.

biberin (bib' -ur-in) . Same as bebeerin.

bibiru bark (bib-e'-roo). See bebeeru.

bibliography (bib-le-og'-ra-fe) [/3i/3Xiov, a book;
-rpa<t>ei.v, to write]. A classified list of references,
books, or authorities on any subject.

bibliophobia (bib-le-o-fo'-be-ah) [fiiffKLov, a book;
<f>6(}os, dread]. Morbid dislike of books.

biborate (bi-bo'-rat). See pyroborate.

bibromide (bi-bro' -mid) . A compound of bromine
with a radical or element, containing twice as much
bromine as another similar compound.

bibulous (bib'-u-lus) [bibere, to drink]. Having
the property of absorbing moisture. b. paper,
blotting paper.

bicalcarate (bi-kal'-kar-at) [bi-; calcar, a spur].
Furnished with two spurs or spur-like projections.

bicameral (bi-kam'-er-al) [bi-; camera, a vault].
Having two compartments.

bicapitate (bi-kap'-it-at) [bi-; caput, a head].
Having two heads; bicephalous; dicephalous.

bicapsular (bi-kap'-su-lar) [bi-; capsula, a capsule].
Having two capsules.

bicarbonate (bi-kar'-bon-at) [bi-; carbonate]. Any
salt of carbonic acid in Which only one of the hydro-
gen atoms has been replaced by a base.

bicaudal, bicaudate (bi-kaw'-dal, bi-kaw'-dat) [bi-;
cauda, tail]. Having two tails or appendages.

bicavitary (bi-kav'-it-a-re) [bi-; cavitas, a cavity].
Having two cavities.

bicellular (bi-seV -u-lar) [bi-; cella, a cell]. Com-
posed of two cells.

bicephalic, bicephalous (bi-sef-al'-ik, bi-sef -al-us) .
See dicephalous.

bicephalus. See dicephalus.

biceps (bi'-seps) [bi-; caput, head]. Having two
heads, a term applied to several muscles, as b. brachii,
b. flexor cruris.

BICEPTOR

140

BIGEMINAL

biceptor (bi-sep'-tor) [bi-; receptor]. A receptor
having two complementophile groups.

Bichat, canal of (be'-shah) [Marie Francois Xavier
Bichat, French anatomist, 1771-1802]. A canal
which was supposed by Bichat to exist between the
subarachnoid space and the third ventricle. B., fat-
ball of, the buccal fat-pad, a mass of fat lying in
the space between the buccinator and the anterior
border of the masseter; it is especially well developed
in infants. B., fissure of, the transverse curved
fissure passing below the splenium; its extremities
correspond to the beginning of the Sylvian fissure.
It affords passage to the pia, which forms within the
hemispheres the tela choroidea and choroid plexus.
B., foramen of, one connecting the subarachnoid
space and third ventricle; it transmits the cerebro-
spinal fluid. B., membrane of, the subendothelial
fibroelastic layer of the tunica intima of an artery.
B., tunic of, the intima of the blood-vessels.

bichlorid. See bichloride.

bichloride (bi-klo' -rid) [bi-; chlorine]. A salt
containing two equivalents of chlorine.

bicho (be'-cho). Epidemic gangrenous inflamma-
tion of the rectum.

bichromate (bi-kro' -mat) [bi-; chromium]. A salt
containing two equivalents of chromium.

bicinctus, bicingulatus (bi-sink'-tus, bi-sin-gu-la' '-
tus) [bi-; cingere, to gird]. Having two zones or belts.

bicipital, bicipitous (bi-sip'-it-al, -us) [biceps,
double-headed]. 1. With two heads. 2. Relating
to one of the biceps muscles.

biclavate (bi-kla'-vat) [bi-; clava, a club]. Clubbed
at each end. b.-bihamate, with the two club-
shaped ends bent toward each other, b.-cylindrical,
cylindrical and with clubbed ends.

biconcave (bi-kon'-kav). Hollow on both surfaces.

biconvex (bi-kon'-veks). Rounded on both surfaces.

bicornuate (bi-kor'-nu-at) [bicornutus, with two
horns]. Having two horns, as a bicornuate uterus.

bicorporal, bicorporate, bicorporated (bi-kor'-por-al,
-at, -a-ted) [bi-; corpus, a body]. Consisting of two
bodies.

bicrescentic (bi-kres-en'-tik) [bis, twice; crescere,
to grow]. Applied to a tooth having two ridges
in the form of a double crescent.

bicrural (bi-kru'-ral) [bi-; crus, a leg]. Having
two legs or leg-like processes.

bicuspid (bi-kus' -pid) [bi-; cuspis, the point of a
spear]. Having two cusps, as bicuspid teeth, b.
valve, the mitral valve of the heart.

bicyanate (bi<*ir -an-dt) [bi-; cyanogen]. A salt
having two equivalents of cyanic acid and one of a
base.

b. i. d. Abbreviation of the Latin bis in die, twice
daily.

bidacryc (bi-dak'-rik) [bi-; dacryon]. In crani-
ometry, relating to the two dacryons.

Bidder, ganglion of (bid'-er) [Friedrich Heinrich
Bidder, German anatomist, 1810-1894]. An accu-
mulation of ganglion-cells in the interauricular septum
and the auriculoventricular groove of the frog's
heart.

bidental (bi-den'-tal) [bi-; dens, a tooth]. Having
two teeth or tooth-like prominences.

bidet (be-det' or be'-da) [Fr., "pony"]. A tub or
basin with fixed attachments for the administering
of injections; also for use as a sitz-bath or hip-bath.

bidigital (bi-dij'-it-al) [bi-; digitus, a finger].
Referring to the tip of a finger of each hand.

Bieber's reagent. Equal volumes concentrated
sulphuric acid, red nitric acid, and water.

Biedert's cream mixture (be'-dar). An infant's
food made by mixing 4 oz. of cream with 12 oz.
of warm water, and adding § oz. of milk-sugar. It
contains 1 % of casein, 2.5 % of fat, and 3-8 % of
sugar. As the child grows older a larger proportion
of milk is added.

Bieg's entotic test (beg). When words are
audible only on being spoken into an ear-trumpet
connected with a catheter placed in the Eustachian
tube, but not through the ear-trumpet as ordinarily
applied, there is a probable lesion of the malleus or
incus which interferes with conduction.

bielectrolysis (bi-e-lek-trol'-is-is) [bi; ijhkKTpov,
amber; Xueris, resolution]. The electrolysis of two
substances at the same time.

biennial (bi-en'-e-al) [bi; annus, a year]. Every
two years. In botany, plants that produce foliage
and a root-stalk the first year, flowering and matur-
ing the second.

Biermer's anemia (ber'-mur) [Anton Biermer,
German physician, 1827-1892]. Pernicious anemia.
B.'s change of pitch, in hydropneumothorax the
tympanitic sound is lower in pitch when the patient
is sitting than when he is lying down.

Biernacki's symptom (ber'-nak-e) [Edmond Adol-
fovich Biernacki, Russian pathologist, 1866-1912].
Analgesia of the ulnar nerve at the elbow; it is ob-
served in tabes dorsalis and paretic dementia.

Bier's cups (ber) [August Karl Gustav Bier,
German surgeon, 1861- ]. Glass appliances
used to produce Bier's hyperemia. B.'s hyperemia.
A method of treatment by artificial production of
passive congestion in the part diseased. B.'s local
anesthesia. 1. Anesthesia in a limb produced by
intravenous injections of half per cent, cocaine after
the part has been rendered bloodless by elevation
and constriction. 2. Anesthesia of the lower part
of the body produced by the injection of an anes-
thetic agent into the spinal membranes.

Biesiadecki's fossa (be-es-e-ah-dek'-e) [Alfred von
Biesiadecki, Russian physician, 1839-1888]. A peri-
toneal recess which is bounded in front by a more
or less well-defined fold, the inner surface of which
looks upward over the psoas toward the root of the
mesentery, the outer extending toward the crest of
the ilium. Syn., fossa iliacosubfascialis.

Biett's collar (be-et'-) [Laurent Theodore Biett,
Swiss physician, 1781-1840]. A zone of lenticulo-
papular syphilide on the neck.

bifacial (bi-fa'-shal) [bi-; fades, a face]. Having
the opposite surfaces similar.

bifarious (bi-fa'-re-us) [bifarius]. Twofold; ar-
ranged in two more or less regular series or rows.

Birfi's test for bile. Acidify 150 to 200 Cc. of
urine with sulphuric acid; add drop by drop a 5 %
barium chloride solution, using about 30 drops to
every 100 Cc. of urine. Pour off the liquid and
collect the soft precipitate on absorbent cotton and
spread evenly. Place a crystal of potassium dicrho-
mate upon the surface of the precipitate, and in the
presence of bile a green ring will form around the
crystal, changing to blue and then to red. A small
amount of albumin will not interfere with the test,
but if much is present, the use of a saturated solution
of sodium sulphate is recommended instead of the
sulphuric acid.

bifid (bi'-fid) [bi-; findere, to cleave]. Divided into
two parts; cleft, as bifid uvula, b. spine, spina
bifida, b. tongue, one cleft longitudinally.

bifissile (bi-fis'-l) [bi-; findere, to split]. Parting
naturally into halves.

bifistular, bifistulous (bi-fis'-tu-lar, -lus) [bi-;
fistula, a pipe]. With two tubes.

biflagellate (bi-flaj'-el-at) [bi-; flagellum, a whip].
Furnished with two flagella.

bifocal (bi-fo'-kal) [bi-; focus, a point]. Having a
double focus. Applied to a system of lenses or
spectacle-glasses with two foci, chiefly used for the
correction of presbyopia, when there is at the same
time an error of refraction for distant vision. The
distance lens is above that for near-work. These are
sometimes called pantoscopic lenses, and also Franklin
spectacles, because the device was first made by
Benjamin Franklin. They are also called cement
lenses, because now made by cementing the lower
segment to the distance lens.

biforate (bi-fo'-rat) [bi-; foratus, perforated].
Having two foramina.

biformity (bi-form'-it-e). The condition of being
dimorphous.

biforous (bi'-for-us). 1. See biforate. 2. Having
two valves.

bifurcate (bi-fur'-kat) [bi-; furca, a fork]. Divided
into two, like a fork.

bifurcation (bi-fur-ka'-shun) [see bifurcate]. Divi-
sion into two branches, as of the trachea for the aorta.

bigaster (bi-gas'-ter). See biventer.

Bigelovia (big-lo'-ve-ah) [Jacob Bigelow, American
botanist, 1787-1879]. A genus of composite-flowered
plants. See Damiana.

Bigelow's ligament (big'-el-o) [Henry Jacob
Bigelow, American surgeon, 1816-1890]. The Y-
ligament of the hip-joint; iliofemoral ligament.
B.'s operation, litholapaxy. B.'s septum, the calcar
femorale, a nearly vertical spur of compact tissue
in the neck of the femur, a little in front of the
lesser trochanter.

bigeminal, bigeminous (bi-jem'-in-al, -us) [bi-;
geminare, to double]. Occurring in two pairs.

BIGEMINUM

141

BING'S TEST

bigeminum (bi-jem'-in-um) [bi, two; geminus, a
twin]. One of the corpora bigemina of the brain.

bihastate, bihastatus (bi-has'-tdt, bi-has-ta'-tus)
[bi-; hasta, a lance]. With two lance-shaped pro-
cesses.

bilabe (bi'-ldb) [bi-; labium, lip]. A surgical in-
strument for removing foreign bodies from the blad-
der through the urethra.

bilamellar, bilarnellate, bilamellated (bi-lam-el'-
ar, -at, -el-a'-ted) [bi-; lamella, a plate]. Consisting
of two thin plates.

bilaminar, bilaminate (Jbi-lam' -in-ar , -at) [bi-;
lamina, a sheet]. Composed of two layers.

bilateral (bi-lat'-er-al) [bi-; latus, a side]. Relating
to two sides; pertaining to or affecting both sides
of the body. b. symmetry, the symmetry of right
and left halves.

bilateralism (bl-lat'-er-al-izm) [see bilateral]. Bi-
lateral symmetry.

bile (bil) [bills, the bile]. The substance secreted
by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden-brown, and
is composed of biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and
certain pigments. The principal salts are the
sodium salts of taurocholic acid and glycocholic
acid. The taste of bile is intensely bitter, its reac-
tion feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to
1032. b. acids, tests for. See Drechsel, Mylius,
Pettenkofer, Slrassburg, v. Udransky. b., crystal-
lized, Plattner's name for sodium taurocholate.
b., cystic, bile contained in the gall-bladder as dis-
tinguished from that which is transmitted directly
from the liver to the duodenum, b., glastine, that
of a bluish color, so called from glastum, or woad
(I satis tinctoria), used for dyeing blue, b., hepatic,
that which is transmitted directly from the liver to
the duodenum without entering the gall-bladder.
b.-pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile. For
tests see Barral, Capranica, Cunisset, Dragendorff,
Dumontpallier, Fleischl, Gluzinski, Gmelin, Huppert,
Jolles, Marechal, Le Nobel, Rosenbach, Smith,
Stokvis, Trousseau, Ultzmann, Vitalli.

Bilharzia (bil-har'-ze-ah) [Theodor Bilharz, Ger-
man physician, 1825-1862]. A genus of trematode
worms, established by Cobbold, characterized by
having the sexes separate. B. haematobia. See
distoma haematobium.

bilharziasis, bilharziosis {bil-har-zi'-as-is, bil-har-
ze-o'-sis) [Bilharzia]. The group of symptoms
produced by the presence in the intestine of worms
of the genus Bilharzia.

bili- (bil'-e). A prefix denoting relating to the bile.

biliary (bil'-e-a-re) [bile]. Pertaining to the bile;
conveying the bile. b. acids, glycocholic and tauro-
cholic acids, b. calculus, a gall-stone, b. colic,
colic produced by the passage of gall-stones, b.,
diabetes, Hanot's disease, or hypertrophic cirrhosis
of the liver with icterus, b. ducts, the hepatic
and cystic ducts and the ductus communis choledo-
chus, together with the small ducts in the liver itself.

biliation (bil-e-a'-shun) [bile]. The secretion or
excretion of bile.

bilicyanin (bil-e-si'-an-in) [bili-; Kvaveos, blue].
A blue pigment obtained from biliverdin. Syn.,
cholecyanin; choleverdin.

bilification (bil-if-ik-a'-shun) [bili-; facere, to
make]. The formation of bile.

biliflavin (bil-e-fia'-vin) [bili-; flavus, yellow]. A
yellow coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin.

bilifulvin (bil-e-ful'-vin) [bili-; fulvus, reddish
yellow]. An impure form of bilirubin; also a yellow
bile color from ox-gall, not normally present in
human bile.

bilifuscin (bil-e-fus'-iti) [bili-; fuscus, brown],
C16H20N2O4. A pigment occurring in bile and in
gall-stones.

biligulate, biligulatus (bi-lig'-u-lat, bi-lig-u-la'-tus)
[bi-; ligula, a little tongue]. Formed like two tongues
or having two tongue-like processes.

bUihumin (bil-e-hu' -min) [bili-; humus, earth].
An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones
with various solvents.

bilin (bi'-lin) [bile]. A mixture of sodium tauro-
cholate and glycocholate, forming a constituent of
the bile.

bilineurin (bil-e-nii'-rin). Cholin.

bilious (bil'-yus) [biliosus, full of bile]. 1. Per-
taining to bile. 2. A term popularly applied to dis-
orders supposed to arise from a too free secretion of
bile. b. fever, a remittent fever characterized by
the vomiting of bile.

biliousness (bil'-yus-nes) [bilious]. A popular
name for a condition characterized by anorexia,
constipation, coated tongue, lassitude, and head-
ache, and supposed to be due to disorders in the
secretion and flow of bile.

biliphein (bil-e-fe'-in) [bills, bile; <j>alos, gray]. A
supposed bile-color, now regarded as an impure
bilirubin; called also cholophein.

biliprasin (bil-e-pra'-svi) [bili-; irpaaivos, leek-
green], C16H22N2O6. A pigment occurring in gall-
stones, icteric urine, and bile.

bilipurpin, or pilipurpurin (bil-e-per'-pin, bil-e-per'-
pii-rin) [bills, bile; purpura, purple]. A purple
coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin.

bUipyrrhin (bil-e-pir'-in). See cholepyrrhin.

bilirubin {bil-e-roo' -bin) [bili-; ruber, red], C16H20-
N2O3. A red coloring-matter, the chief pigment of
the bile, and also found in the urine in jaundice.
It is insoluble in water, and almost so in ether and
alcohol, but it is readily soluble in alkaline solutions.
It crystallizes in rhombic plates or prisms.

bilirubinemia {bil-e-roo-bin-e'-me-ah) [bilirubin;
alfia, blood], The presence of bilirubin in the blood.

bilirubinuria {bil-e-roo-bln-u' -re-ah) [bilirubin;
urine]. Presence of bilirubin in the urine.

bilis (bi'-lis). Bile, gall. b. bubula, ox-gall.

biliverdin {bil-e-ver'-din) [bili-; viridis, green],
C12H20N2O5, or C8N9NO2. A green pigment, the
first product of the oxidation of bilirubin. It gives
the characteristic color to the bile of herbivora, and
occurs in the urine in jaundice and in gall-stones.

bilixanthin {bil-e-zan' -thin) . See choletelin.

Billroth's anesthetic (bil'-rot) [Christian Albert
Theodor Billroth, Austrian surgeon, 1829-1894].
A mixture containing chloroform 3 parts, and alco-
hol and ether, each 1 part. B.'s disease. 1. Spurious
meningocele. 2. Malignant lymphoma. B.'s mix-
ture, see B.'s anesthetic. B.'s operation, pylorec-
tomy: a parietal incision is made in almost a trans-
verse direction; the divided walls of the stomach
and bowel are brought together and united by
sutures on the side of the greater curvature of the
stomach. B.'s suture, the button hole stitch.

bilobate (bi-lo'-bat) [bi-; Xo/S6s, a lobe]. With two
lobes; divided into two lobes.

bilobular (bi-lob'-u-lar) [bi, two; lobulus, lobule].
Having two lobules.

bilocular (bi-lok'-u-lar) [bi-; loculus, a little place].
Having two cells; divided into two compartments;
biloculate.

bimaculate (bl-mak' -u-lat) [bi-; macula, a spot].
Marked with two spots.

bimalar (bi-?na'-lar) . Extending between the
two malar bones.

bimalate (bl-mal'-at). In a series of malates, that
one which contains twice the amount of malic acid
that the first one of the series does.

bimanous (bi-ma'-nus) [bi-; manus, a hand].
Having two hands.

bimanual (bi-man'-ii-al) [bi-; manus, a hand].
With both hands; two-handed, b. palpation, palpa-
tion by means of both hands.

bimastoid (bi-mas'-toid). Relating to the two
mastoid eminences.

bimaxillary (bi-maks'-il-a-re). Extending between
the two maxilla?.

bimembral {bi-mem'-bral) [bi-; membrum, a mem-
ber]. With two limbs.

bimestral (bi-mes'-tral) [bi-; mensis, month].
Two months old; continuing two months.

bimolybdate (bi-mol'-ib-dat). A molybdate con-
taining twice as much molybdic acid as the corre-'
sponding normal molybdate.

bimucous (bl-mii'-kus) [bi-; mucus, mucus]. Re-
lating to two mucous surfaces.

bimuscular (bi-mus'-ku-lar) . Having two muscles.
Syn., dimyarious.

binary (bi'-nar-e) [binus, a couple]. In chemistry,
compounded of two elements. In anatomy, separ-
ating into two branches.

binaural (bln-aw'-ral) [bi-; auris, ear]. Pertaining
to or having two ears; used for both ears. b. stetho-
scope, a stethoscope with two tubes, one for each ear.

binauricular (bin-aw-rik'-u-lar). See binaural.

binder {bind'-er) [ME., byndere]. A wide bandage
about the abdomen, worn by women after labor
or after celiotomy, to support the abdominal walls.
b., mammary, a sling or suspensory for the mamma.

bindweb {bind' -web). The neuroglia.

Bing's test [Albert Bing, German otologist, 1844-

BINIODID

142

BIOPLASM

]. Let a vibrating tuning-fork be held on the
vertex until it has ceased to be audible; then close
either ear, and the fork will be heard again for a
certain period. If this period of secondary per-
ception is shortened, there exists a lesion of the
sound-conducting apparatus; if normal and yet deaf-
ness is present, the perceptive apparatus is involved.

biniodid. See biniodide.

biniodide (bin-i'-o-did). i. Having two atoms of
iodine in the molecule. 2. A binary salt having
twice as many atoms of iodine as it has of the other
element.

binocular (bin-ok' -u-lar) [bi-; oculus, an eye].
Pertaining to both eyes. In optics, an instrument
with two eyepieces for use with both eyes at once.
b. vision, the faculty of using both eyes synchronously
and without diplopia.

binotic. (bin-o'-tik). See binaural.

binovular (bin-ov' '-u-lar) [bi-; ovum, an egg].
Pertaining to or derived from two ova.

binoxide {bin-oks' -id) . See dioxide.

binuclear (bi-nu'-kle-ar) [bi-; nucleus, a kernel].
Having two nuclei.

binucleate (bi-nu'-kle-at). Having two nuclei.

binucleolate (bi-nu-kle'-o-lat) [bi-; nucleolus, a lit tie
kernel]. Having two nucleoli.

Binz's test for quinine in the urine (bints) [Karl
Binz, German chemist, 1832- ]. The reagent
consists of 2 parts of iodine, 1 part of potassium
iodide, and 40 parts of water; on being added to the
urine, a precipitate is thrown down if quinine is
present.

bio- [/3i'os, life]. A prefix meaning life.

bio-assay (bi-o-as-sa') [bio-; assay]. Estimation
of the strength of a drug as compared with a
standard sample.

bioblast (bi'-o-blast) [bio-; pXaaros, a germ]. A
plastidule or formative cell; a corpuscle that has
not yet become a cell.

bioblastic (bi-o-blast'-ik). Relating to bioblasts.
b. theory, Altmann's, according to which leukocyte
granules are considered as definite biological entities,
which affect, through oxygen-transmission, both
reduction and oxygenation, and in this manner
accomplish the disunions and the syntheses of the
economy without sacrificing their own individuality.
Cf. color-analysis.

biochemics (bi-o-kem'-iks) [bio-; xnneia, chemistry].
The chemistry of life. See biochemy.

biochemistry (bi-o-kem'-is-tre) [see biochemics].
The chemistry of the living tissues or of life; physi-
ological chemistry.

biochemy (bi'-o-kem-e) [see biochemics]. Chemical
force as exhibited in living organisms.

biocitin (bi-o-si'-tin). A preparation containing
casein, milk sugar and lecithin.

bioculate, bioculatus (bi-ok'-u-lat, bi-ok-u-la'-tus)
[see binocular]. Marked by two spots of color
different from the chief color.

biod (bi'-od) [filos, life]. 1. Animal magnetism.
2. See protyl. 3. Vital force.

biodesmus (bi-od-ez'-mus) [bio-; Secrnos, a bond].
The vital principle regarded as a bond between
organisms.

biodynamics (bi-o-di-nam' -iks) [bio-; bvvanis,
power]. The dynamics of life; dynamic biology.
See bionomy.

biogen (bi'-o-jen) [bio-; yevvav, to produce].
1. See protyl. 2. See bioplasm. 3. See magnesium '
dioxide.

biogenesis (bi-o-jen'-es-is) [bio-; ykveavs, origin].
The doctrine that living things are produced only
from living things — the reverse of abiogenesis.

biogenetic (bi-o-jen-et'-ik) [see biogenesis]. Per-
taining to biogenesis, b. law, the fact that a certain
tendency directs the drift or trend of development
of a being along a line parallel with that of the series
of forms ancestral to it. The being in the course of
its development briefly recapitulates that of the an-
cestral series to which it belongs. Syn., Mueller's law.

biogeny (bi-oj'-en-e) [see biogenesis]. In biology,
the evolution of organic forms, either considered
individually (ontogeny) or tribally (phytogeny).

biognosis (bi-og-no' -sis) [bio-; yvwais, knowledge].
The study of life and its phenomena; biology.

biograph (bi'-o-graf) [bio-; ypa^etv, to write].
An apparatus for securing photographs of animals
in motion. Syn., kinematograph.

biokinetics (bi-o-kin-et'-iks) [bio-; Kivrjais, motion].
The kinetics of life; the science of the movements of

living organisms, particularly those that are neces-
sary parts of the process of development. See
karyokinesis.

biologic, biological (bi-o-loj'-ik, -al) [see biology].
Pertaining or belonging to biology.

biologist (bi-oV -o-jist) [see biology]. One who is a
student of biology.

biologos (bi-ol'-o-gos) [see biology]. A designation
proposed for the intelligent living power displayed
in cellular and organic action and reaction.

biology (bi-ol'-o-je) [bio-; \6yos, science]. The
science of life and living things; it embraces the struc-
ture, function, and organization of living forms.
Syn., organology; organomy; '• somiology; zoonomy.
b., dynamic. See bionomy. b., static. See bio-
statics.

biolysis (bi-ol'-is-is) [bio-; [Xi>e»>, to loosen]. The
destruction of life. The devitalization of living
tissue by the action of living organisms.

biolytic (bi-o-lit'-ik) [bio-; Xtew, to loosen]. De-
structive to life; relating to biolysis.

biomagnetism (bi-o-mag'-net-izm) [bio-; magnetism].
Animal magnetism.

biometer (bi-om'-et-er) [bio-; fierpov, a measure].
1. A table of life expectancy, etc., upon which the
science of life-insurance is based. 2. An instrument,
of the nature of a tuning-fork, invented by Dr.
Collongues for the reproduction and increase of sounds
of the body ordinarily perceived by auscultation.

biometrics (bi-o-met'-riks) [see biometer]. The
science of the body-sounds perceived by auscultation.

biometry (bi-om'-et-re) [see biometer]. Life-
measurement; the estimation of the probable dura-
tion of any given life-form — in the past or future.

bion (bi'-on) [/3tos, life]. A definite physiological
individual element or organism. Cf. morphon.

Biondi's fluid. A staining medium used in histo-
logic laboratories. It is a mixture of orange-G,
methyl-green, and acid-fuchsin.

bionergy (bi-on'-er-je) [bio-; epyov, work]. Life-
force; force exercised in the living organism.

bionomics (bi-o-nom'-iks) [bio-; vbnos, law].
That branch of natural history which treats of the
relations of organisms among themselves and to
their environment.

bionomy (bi-on'-o-me) [see bionomics]. Dynamic
biology; biodynamics; the science of the laws and
functions of life.

bionosis (bi-o-no'-sis) [bio-; vbaos, disease]. A
disease caused by a living agent, such as a bacterial
disease.

biontic (bi-on'-tik) [bios]. Individual as opposed
to phyletic.

bionuclein (bi-o-nu'-kle-in) [bio-; nuclein]. A
term suggested by Sacharoff (1902) for the hypo-
thetical substance composed of a combination of iron
and nuclein which exists in all enzymes, holding that
all vital processes depend upon decomposition of
living substance set up by them.

biophagism, biophagy (bi-off'-aj-ism, -e) [bio-;
(j>o.yetv, to eat]. The capacity of absorbing living
matter.

biophagous (bi-of-ag-us) [bio-; <f>ayelv, to eat],
Feeding upon living organisms or upon living tissue
as insectivorous plants.

biophilia (bi-o-fil'-e-ah) [bio-; <pi\elv, to love]..
The instinct for self-preservation.

biophore (bi'-o-for) [bio-; <j>kpeiv, to bear]. One of
Weismann's hypothetical "bearers of vitality," corre-
sponding to the "plasomes" of Wiesner and Brucke
and to the "pangenes" of de Vries, the smallest
units that exhibit the primary vital forces, the bearers
of the cell-qualities.

biophthorous (bi-off'-thor-us) [bio-; <j>B6pa, destruc-
tion]. Ruinous to life.

biophysiography (bi-o-fiz-e-og'-ra-fe) [bio-; <j>i)<ns,
nature; ypa<t>eiv, to write]. Descriptive or structural
biology; organography, as distinguished from bio-
physiology.

biophysiology (bi-o-ftz-e-ol'-o-je) [bio-; <t>v<ns, na-
ture; Xo-yos, science]. The branch of biology including
organogenesis, morphology, and physiology.

Biophytum (bi-of'-it-um) [bio-; <pvrov, plant]. A
genus of plants of the order Geraniacece. B. sensi-
tivum is a native of the East Indies, where the root
is used in inflammations, in gonorrhea, and in
pulmonary affections.

bioplasm (bi'-o-plazm) [bio-; ir\a.aixa, form]. Any
living matter, but especially germinal or forming
matter; matter possessing reproductive vitality.

BIOPLASMIC

143

BISEXUAL

bioplasmic (bi-o-plaz'-mik) [bio-; ir\a.ap.a, form].
Relating to or of the nature of bioplasm.

bioplasmin (bi-o-plaz'-min). A hypothetical sub-
stance supposed to exist in all living cells and be-
lieved to be essential to their life and functional
activity.

bioplasson (bi-o-plas'-on) [bio-; ir'Ka.o-o-uiv, forming].
Elsberg's term for living matter. A synonym of
protoplasm or bioplasm.

bioplast (bi'-o-plast) [bioplasm], A mass or cell of
bioplasm that is a unit of living matter.

bioplastic (bi-o-plas'-tik) [bio-; 7rXa<rr6s, formed].
Relating to or of the nature of a bioplast or of bio-
plasm.

biopsia, biopsy (bi-op'-se-ah, bi'-op-se) [bio-; 6\J/is,
vision], i. Observation of the living subject; opposed
to necropsy. 2. A name coined by Besnier for the
excision, during life, of an eruptive lesion or fragment
of a newgrowth to establish the diagnosis by means
of an examination of the excised piece.

biopsic (bi-op'-sik) [bio-; o^is, vision]. Pertaining
to biopsy.

biopsychic, biopsychical (bi-o-si'-kik, -al). Per-
taining to psychic phenomena regarded from the
biological point of view.

biorbital (bi-or'-bit-al) [bi-; orbita, a circle]. Re-
lating to both orbits.

bios (bi'-os) [fiios, life]. Life.

bioscope (bi'-o-skop) [bio-; o-Koirelv, to view]. An
instrument used in bioscopy.

bioscopy (bi-os'-ko-pe) [see bioscope]. Examination
of the body to ascertain whether life is present.
b., electro-, examination by the aid of the electric
current. In about two hours after death the mus-
cular reaction is lost to faradic stimulation in the
tongue; after three or four hours in the extremities;
after five or six hours in the trunk. The reaction to
galvanism persists somewhat longer.

biose (bi'-os). A disaccharide.

biosis (bi-o'-sis) [filos, life]. Life; vitality.

biostatics (bi-o-stat'-iks) [bio-; arartKos, causing to
stand]. 1. Static biology; the science of the deter-
minate parts of biology, including anatomy and the
physics of the living body. 2. Vital statistics.

Biot's respiration (be'-o) [Camille Biot, French
physician]. Meningitic respiration: rapid, short
breathing, interrupted by pauses lasting from several
seconds to half a minute, sometimes observed in
healthy subjects during sleep; most frequently in
meningitis, in which it is an unfavorable prognostic
sign.

biotaxis, biotaxy (bi-o-taks'-is, bi'-o-taks-e) [bio-;
raiis, arrangement]. 1. The selective and arranging
function or activity of life, or of living cells. 2. Sys-
tematic biology; the classification of living organisms.

biothalmy (bi'-o-thal-me) [bio-; daXXeiv, to be
vigorous]. The art of living long and well.

biotic (bi-ot'-ik) [see biotics]. Pertaining to life
or to the laws of animal and vegetable progress and
evolution; physiological.

biotics (bi-ot'-iks) [0«m/c6s, vital]. The science
of vital functions and manifestations.

biotomy (bi-of -o-me) [bio-; Tky.vt.iv, to cut].
Vivisection. _

bipalatinoid (bi-pal-at'-in-oid). A gelatin capsule
with two compartments.

biparasitic (bi-par-as-it'-ik) [bi-; Trap6.ai.Tos, a
parasite]. Parasitic upon a parasite.

biparietal (bi-par-i' -et-al) [bi-; paries, a wall].
Relating to both parietal bones, b. diameter, the
distance from one parietal eminence of the cranium
to the other.

biparous (bip'-ar-us) [bi-; parere, to bring forth].
Producing two at a birth.

bipartite (bi-par'-til) [bi-; pars, a part]. In biology,
composed of two parts or divisions.

bipartition (bi-par-tisk'-un) [see bipartite]. Separa-
tion into two parts.

biped (bi'-ped) [bi-; pes, a foot]. 1. Having two
feet. 2. An animal with two feet.

biperf orate (bi-per'-fo-rat) [bi, two; perforalus,
bored through]. Having two perforations; as a
biperforate hymen.

biplumbic (bi-plum'-bik) [bi-; plumbum, lead].
Containing two atoms of lead.

bipocillated (bi-pos'-il-a-ted) [bi-; pocillum, a
little cup]. Having two cup-like appendages.

bipolar (bi-po'-lar) [bi-; polus, a pole]. Having
two poles or extremities, b. nerve-cells, nerve-cells
that have two prolongations of the cell-matter.

bipolarity (bi-po-lar'-il-e) [see bipolar]. The con-
dition of having two processes from opposite poles,
as a nerve-cell; or of having different electric proper-
ties existing at the two poles.

bipotassic (bi-po-tas'-ik). Having two atoms of
potassium.

bipubiotomy (bi-pu-be-ot'-o-me) [bi, double; pubes,
pubes; Teyveiv, to cut]. Double pubiotomy; an
obsolete operation in which the pubic bones were
both divided. See ischiopubiotomy.

bipunctate (bi-punk'-tat) [bi-; punctum, a point].
Having two dots or points.

bipupillate (bi-pu'-pil-at) [bi-; pupilla, pupil of
the eye]. Marked with spots which contain two
pupil-like dots

biramose, biramous (bi-ram'-oz, -us) [bi-; ramus,
a branch]. Having two branches.

birch (berch) [AS., birce]. Any tree of the genus
Betula. Birch-tar, or the tarry oil of Betula alba,
is useful in certain skin diseases. The bark of B.
lenta, the American black birch, yields a fragrant
volatile oil, identical with that of Gaultheria pro-
cumbens, for which it is extensively substituted.
b. camphor. Same as b.-resin. b.-resin. See betulin.

Bird's formula. The last two figures of the specific
gravity of the urine roughly indicate the number of
grains of solids to the ounce of urine. The same two
figures multiplied by 2 (Trapp's factor) give the parts
per 1000. B.'s sign, a well-defined zone of dulness
with absence of the respiratory sound in hydatid cyst
of the lung.

bird-lime. A viscous vegetable substance used
in Japan as a local dressing for wounds.

bird's nest bodies, or cells. The cells of certain
forms of carcinoma, distinguished by the concentric
arrangement of their cell-walls. See also cancer
nests, b., edible, the nest of certain species of swift,
used by the Chinese as food. It consists of marine
algae, Gelidium, cemented by the salivary mucus of
the bird. b. sternum, a deformity of the sternum
found in lateral curvature of the spine.

birefractive, birefringent (bi-re-frak'-tiv, bi-re-frin'-
jent) [bis, twice; refringere, to break back]. Doubly
refractive; anisotropic.

birhinia (bi-rin'-e-ah) [bi, two; pis, the nose].
A congenital defect in which there is the formation
of two noses.

birimose (bi-ri'-mos) [bis, twice; rima, cleft].
Having two clefts or slits.

Birkett's hernia [John Birkett, English surgeon].
Intraperitoneal inguinal hernia; hernia into the
vaginal process of the peritoneum.

birth (berth) [ME., byrth]. 1. The delivery of a
child; parturition. 2. That which is brought forth
in parturition, b., cross. See transverse presenta-
tion, b.-mark. See ncevus pigmentosus. b.-palsy,
any paralytic affection due to an injury received at
birth; less correctly, a congenital paralytic affection
due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state, b.,
partial, the incomplete expulsion of a child in labor;
of legal value in lawsuits for property, b., plural,
the birth of more than a single child, b., posthu-
mous, the birth of a child after the death of its
father, b., precocious, the occurrence of natural
labor after a shorter pregnancy than is usual, b.,
premature. See labor, b.-rate, the proportion of
births per thousand, b.-root. See beth root, b.-
wort, the plant Arislolochia climatitis (see Aristo-
lochia), so called from its former employment as a
depurant after childbirth, b., still. See still-born.
b., virgin-. See parthenogenesis.

bisacromial (bis-ak-ro'-me-al) [bis, two; acromion].
Relating to the two acromial processes.

bisalt (bi'-salt). See salt, acid.

bisaxillary (bis-ak'-sil-a-re) [bis; axilla]. Pertain-
ing to both axillae.

bische (bish) [East Indian name]. Endemic
dysentery.

Bischoff's operation (bish'-of) [Johann Jacob
Bischoff, German gynecologist, 1841- ]. Ab-
dominal section with extirpation of the gravid uterus

Bischoff's test for biliary acids (bish'-of) [Carl
Adam Bischoff, German chemist, 1855- ]• A red.
coloration results upon heating biliary acids with
dilute sulphuric acid and cane sugar.

bisection (bi-sek'-shun) [bi, two; sectio, a cutting].
Division into two parts; in obstetrics, embryotomy.

bisexual (bi-seks'-u-al) [bi-; sexus, sex]. Having
the reproductive organs of both sexes; hermaphro-
ditic.

BISFERIOUS

144

BISMUTHYL

bisferious (Jbis-fer'-e-us) [bis; ferire, to strike].
Having two beats; dicrotic.

bishoping (bish'-op-ing). In farriery, filing a space
between the teeth of a horse.

bisiliac (bis-il'-e-ak) [bis; iliacus]. Relating to
the two most distant points of the two iliac crests.

bisiscbiadic, bisicbiatic (bis-is-ke-ad'-ik, bis-is-ke-
at'-ik) [bis, two; iaxi-aSiKos, relating to the hip].
Relating to both ischia, or to corresponding points
on the two ischia.

Biskra boil, B. button (bisk' -rah) [Biskra, a town
in Algeria]. See furunculus orientalis.

bismal (biz'-mal). Trade name for the bismuth
salt of methylene digallic acid; used as intestinal
antiseptic and astringent.

Bismarck-brown. A brown, basic aniline dye,
extensively used as a stain and counterstain in
histology; also called vesuvine.

bismon (biz'-mon). Colloidal bismuth oxide, con-
taining 20 per cent, of bismuth, and used like the
subnitrate.

bismutal, bismuthol (biz'-mu-tal, -thol). Bismuth
and sodium phosphosalicylate.

bismutan (biz'-mu-tan). A yellow, insoluble
powder, said to be a mixture of bismuth, resorcin,
and tannin; used in the diarrhea of children.

bismuth, bismuthum (biz'-muth, biz-mu' -thum)
[L.]. Bi=2o8; quantivalence I, III, V. A pinkish-
white, crystalline metal. Its commercial salts often
contain arsenic. The insoluble salts of bismuth
are feebly astringent. The derivatives of bismuth
are chiefly employed as astringents and sedatives to
mucous membranes and as gastrointestinal antisep-
tics. The soluble salts are irritant in large doses.
b. albuminate, a powder containing 9 % of bismuth;
it is used in stomachic or intestinal cramp. Dose
5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily, b. and
ammonium citrate (bismuthi et ammonii citras, U. S.
P.), soluble in water. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32
Gm.). b. and ammonium citrate, solution of (liquor
bismuthi et ammonia citratis, B. P.). Dose f-i dr.
(2-4 Cc). b. benzoate, BUGrHsOxh, a white powder
containing 27 % of benzoic acid. It is an internal
and external antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97
Gm.). b. betanaphtholate, 2Bi (CioH70)3+Bi203
a light brown, odorless, insoluble powder, containing
80 % bismuth trioxide. It is an intestinal antiseptic.
Dose 15-30 gr. (0.97-1.94 Gm.). Syn., betanaph-
tholate; naphthol bismuth; orphol. b. bilactomo-
notannate, an odorless yellow powder, used in the
diarrhea of infants. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.).
Syn., lactanin. b. borate, BiB03, an intestinal
antiseptic. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). b. boro-
phenate, Bi203B(C6H5)(C03) +3H2O. It is recom-
mended as a surgical dressing used as a dusting-
powder, or in burns or scalds applied as a paste
(25 to 50 % in glycerol) on lint. Syn., markasol.
b. carbolate, BUOH^CeEUO, a grayish-white powder
containing 80 % of bismuth oxide and 18 to 19 %
of phenol. It is an intestinal antiseptic and is used
externally as a substitute for iodoform. Dose 5-1 5
gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). Syn., bismuth phenate; bismuth
phenylate; phenol bismuth, b. carbonate (bismuthi
carbonas, B. P.), (BizChCOsk H2O. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). b. and cerium salicylate, an anti-
rheumatic and intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.32-0.97 Gm.). b. chrysophanate, Bi(CisH904)2-
Bi203, a yellow, amorphous powder, insoluble in
ordinary solvents, but soluble in nitric or sulphuric
acid; it is used as a siccative in psoriasis. Appli-
cation, 5 to 20 % ointment. Syn., dermol. b.
citrate (bismuthi citras, U. S. P.), BiCoHeCb, soluble
in water of ammonia. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.).
b. cresolate, an odorless, tasteless, grayish-white
powder, insoluble in water and alcohol; it is an
internal and external antiseptic, b. dithiosalicylate,
a bulky yellow powder without odor, used as a wound
antiseptic and in ophthalmic practice, in diseases
of the nose and throat, and in dentistry. Syn.,
thioform. b. iodosubgallate, C6H2(OH)4COOBiI, an
antiseptic used as a dusting-powder on wounds.
Syn., airol; bismuth oxyiodogallate. b. lactate,
BiH(C3H.i03)2, an internal and external antiseptic.
Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). b. loretinate, a
combination of bismuth and loretin, used as a
surgical and intestinal antiseptic and also in ophthal-
mology. Dose i\ gr. (0.5 Gm.). b., magistery of,
same as b. subnitrate. b. metacresol, an intestinal
antiseptic consisting of a combination of 75 % of
bismuth with 17.5 % of metacresol. b. methylene-

digallate, 4CisHi20io+3Bi(OH)3, an internal astrin-
gent. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) every 3 hours.
Syn., bismal. b.-naphthalin benzoate, an intestinal
antiseptic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn.,
intestin. b. naphthoglycerite, a remedy for gonor-
rhea, b. nitrate, Bi(N03)3+5H20, an astringent
and antiseptic. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).
b. oxide (bismuthi oxidi, B. P.), Bi203. Dose 5-15
gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). b. oxybromide, BiOBr. It is
recommended in the treatment of nervous dyspepsia
and hysteria accompanied by gastric pains and
vomiting. Dose 5-6 gr. (0.3-0.4 Gm.) several times
daily, b. oxychloride, pearl white. It is used as a
cosmetic, b. oxyiodide. See b. subiodide. b. oxyi-
odomethylgallol, C6H2COOCH3(OH)20 . BiOH . I, a
dark-gray powder containing 23.6 % of iodine and
38.4 % of bismuth, used as a surgical antiseptic.
Syn., iodogallicin. b. oxyiodopyrogallate, b. oxyiodo-
pyrogallol, a combination of bismuth subiodide with
pyrogallol. It is recommended as a surgical anti-
septic, b. oxyiodotannate, a wound antiseptic.
Syn., ibit. b., pancreatinized, used in dyspepsia.
Dose 15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.). b. peptonate, b., pep-
tonized, used in dyspepsia and gastralgia. Dose
15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.). Syn., bismuthated peptone.
b. permanganate, Bi(MnC>4)3, a dry dusting-powder
for wounds and ulcers, b. phenate, b. phenylate.
See b. carbolate. b., phenol-, a compound of bis-
muth, 27.5 %, with phenol, 22 %; it is used as an
intestinal antiseptic, b. phosphate, BiP04, an
intestinal disinfectant. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.).
b. powder, compound, Ferrier's snuff, contains 2
grains of morphine hydrochloride in 1 ounce, with
bismuth and acacia. It is used in the treatment of
coryza. b. pyrogallate, (CeHstOH^O^BiOH, an
internal antiseptic in doses of 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97
Gm.). Applied in skin diseases in 10 to 20 % oint-
ment or dusting-powder. Syn., helcosol. b. resor-
cinate, a yellowish-brown powder containing about
4 % of bismuth trioxide. It is used in catarrh of
the stomach, b. salicylate, (C7H603)3Bi203, a salt
obtained by Thibault from bismuth oxide, instead
of the hydroxide, as is customary. It is used as an
external and internal antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.32-0.97 Gm.). b. subbenzoate, basic benzoate
of bismuth; used as a wound antiseptic, b. sub-
carbonate (bismuthi subcarbonas, U. S. P.), (BiO)2-
CO3 . H2O, insoluble. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4-0
Cc); feebly astringent and sedative, b. subgallate
(bismuthi subgallas, U. S. P.). See dermatol. b.
subiodide, BiOI, used as an antiseptic dusting-pow-
der, like iodoform, b. subnitrate (bismuthi subnitras,
U. S. P.), BiON03 . H2O, the salt chiefly used in
medicine as a sedative astringent to the gastro-
intestinal mucous membrane. Dose 10 gr.-i dr.
(0.65-4.0 Cc). b. subsalicylate (bismuthi sub-
salicylas, U. S. P.), a white, amorphous powder.
Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). b. sulphite, a combination
of sodium sulphite and bismuth nitrate. It is an
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.).
b. sulphophenylate, a general intestinal disinfectant.
Dose 3§-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily.
b. tannate, an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 10-30 gr.
(0.65-1.94 Gm.). b. tribromcarbolate, b. tribrom-
phenate, Bi203(C6H2Br30H), an insoluble powder
containing about 60 % of Bi203. It is used as an
antiseptic in cholera and intestinal disorders. Dose
8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 Gm.); maximum dose a day 90
gr. (5.85 Gm.). Syn., xeroform. b. trioxide, Bi203.
It is incompatible with alkalies and water in excess.
It is antiseptic and astringent. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-
2.6 Gm.). Syn., bismuthous oxide, b. troches
(trochisci bismuthi, B. P.), each contains 2 gr. (0.13
Gm.). b. valerate, a white powder with the odor
of valeric acid, soluble in dilute hydrochloric or
nitric acid, insoluble in water or alcohol; it is used
as a sedative and antispasmodic in neuralgia, chorea,
epilepsy, etc Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.194 Gm.).

bismuthal (biz'-mu-thal). Containing bismuth.

bismuthate (biz'-mu-that). A salt of bismuthic
acid.

bismuthic (biz'-mu-thik). Relating to bismuth;
containing bismuth in its higher valency.

bismuthol. See bismutal.

bismuthosis (biz-mu-tho'-sis). Chronic bismuth-
poisoning; it may follow the use of the soluble salts.

bismuthous (biz'-mu-thus). Containing bismuth
as a trivalent radicle.

bismuthyl (biz'-mu-thil), BiO. A univalent radical.
b. bromide. See bismuth oxybromide. b. chloride.

BISMUTOL

145

BLACK

See bismuth oxychloride. b. iodide. See bismuth
subiodide. b. nitrate. See bismuth subnitrate.

bismutol {biz'-mii-toT). A compound of sodium
salicylate and soluble bismuth phosphate.

bismutose {biz'-mu-tos). A bismuth and albumin
compound, equivalent in action to bismuth sub-
nitrate. Useful in gastrointestinal affections of
infectious character. For children under six months
the dose is 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.); for those over six
months it may be given in 60 gr. (1 dr.) doses.

bisol {bi'-soV). Soluble bismuth phosphate con-
taining about 20 % of bismuth oxide. It is used in
gastralgia. Dose 3-72 gr. (0.19-0.5 Gm.).

bispep {biz' -pep). A proprietary preparation
containing bismuth, pepsin, ammonium carbonate,
and aromatics.

bissa (bis'-ah) [native African]. An affection
of man and sheep, common in Egypt, and charac-
terized by the production of edema, b. bol, a kind
of myrrh, from Balsamodendron Kafal, a tree of E.
Africa. It is- used largely in adulterating the finer
grades of myrrh, and is said to stimulate powerfully
the flow of milk in cows.

bistellate {bi-steV -at) [bi, two; Stella, a star].
Shaped like a double star.

bistephanic {bi-ste-fan'-ik) [bi, two; are^avLov,
dim. of ffre<f>avos, a wreath]. Relating to the two
stephanions.

bistort {bis' -tort) [bis, twice; tortus, twisted].
Snake-weed, adder's wort. The rhizome of Poly-
gonum bistorta, an astringent. Dose of fiuidextract
iijj xx-xl.

bistoury (bis'-too-re) [Ft. bistouri]. A long, slender
(straight or curved) knife used in surgery, b.-cache,
one that has the blade concealed for passing to the
point to be incised, and by pressure on the handle
the blade is exposed and the incision made.

bistratal (bi-stra'-tal) [bis; stratum, layer]. Ar-
ranged in two layers.

bistriate {bi-stri'-at) [bis; stria, a furrow]. Marked
with two lines or streaks.

bisulcate {bi-sul'-kat) [bi, two; sulcus, a furrow].
Having two furrows or grooves.

bisulphate {bi-sul'-fat) [bi-; sulphur]. A sulphate
in which the base replaces but one of the two hydro-
gen atoms of the acid.

bisulphide (bi-sul'-fid) [bi, two; sulphur]. In
chemistry, a sulphur compound in which there are
two atoms of sulphur to one atom of the other
substance of the compound.

bisulphite {bi-sul'-fit) [bi, two; sulphur]. A sul-
phite in which the base replaces but one of the
two hydrogen atoms of the acid.

bitartrate (bi-tar'-trat) [bi-; raprapov, tartar].
Any tartrate in which only one replaceable hydrogen
atom has been replaced by a base.

bite (bit) [AS., bitan]. 1. The corrosion of a sub-
stance with an acid. 2. The more or less perfect
coaptation of the upper and lower teeth, b., open,
that in which the upper and lower incisors do not
close together, b., underhung, that in which the
upper incisors overreach the lower.

bitemporal (bi-tem'-por-al) [bi-; tempora, the
temples]. Pertaining to the two temples.

bitnoben {bit-no' -ben) [Hind, for "black salt"].
An East Indian polychrest remedy composed of salt,
myrobalan and iron.

bitonal {bi-to'-nal) [bis, twice; tonus, a tone].
Double-toned.

Bitot's spots {be'-to). Xerosis conjunctiva?.
Silver-gray, shiny, triangular spots on both sides
of the cornea, within the region of the palpebral
aperture, consisting of dried epithelium, flaky masses,
and microorganisms. Observed in some cases of
hemeralopia.

bitrochanteric {bi-tro-kan-ter'-ik) [bi-, two; tro-
chanter]. Belonging to the two trochanters.

bitter {bit'-er) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A peculiar,
acrid, biting taste, of which that of quinin is an
example; unpalatable, b. almond, the nut of
Amygdalum amarum. It contains hydrocyanic acid,
b.-almond oil, oleum amygdala? amars. See benzal-
dehyde. b. apple, the fruit of the colocynth, a pur-
gative remedy, b.-blain, a West Indian herb,
Vandellia diffusa, employed in fevers and in hepatic
disorders, b. bugleweed, the herb Lycopus europceus,
alterative and tonic. Dose of fiuidextract §— 1 oz.
(16-32 Cc). b. cucumber, colocynth. b. cup. See
cup, bitter, b. purging salt, magnesium sulphate.
b.-root, the root of Gentiana lulea, a tonic, b. salts,

magnesium sulphate, b. tincture, the tinctura
amara (N. F.), prescribed also in the German phar-
macopoeia; it is a tincture of gentian, centaury, bitter
orange-peel, orange-berries, and zedoary. Syn.,
stomach-drops, b. water, a water containing mag-
nesium sulphate, b. wine of iron, a solution of
white wine, syrup, iron citrate, and quinine.

bitters {bit'-ers) [see bitter]. 1. Medicines charac-
terized by a bitter taste. 2. An alcoholic drink, an
appetizer, b., aromatic, medicines that unite the
properties of aromatics with those of simple bitters.
b., simple, medicines that stimulate the gastro-
intestinal tract without influencing the general
system, b., styptic, medicines that add styptic
and astringent properties to those of bitterness.

bittersweet {bit'-er-swet). See dulcamara.

bitumen {bit-u'-men) [L.]. Mineral pitch or oil,
composed of various hydrocarbons. In the solid
form it is usually called asphalt; in the liquid form,
petroleum. An intermediate form is known as
mineral tar or maltha. By distillation, bitumen
yields benzol, naphtha, paraffin, and various other
hydrocarbons, liquid and gaseous.

bituminization {bi-tii-min-iz-a' -shun) . A con-
version into bitumen.

biurate {bi-u'-rat). An acid urate; a urate con-
taining twice as much of the uric-acid constituent
as an ordinary urate.

biuret {bi'-u-ret) [bi-; ovpov, urine], C2H5N3O2
+H2O. A compound formed by exposing urea to a
high temperature for a long time. It is readily
soluble in water and in alcohol; it crystallizes with
one molecule of water in the form of warts and
needles. When anhydrous, biuret melts at 1900 C.
with decomposition, b. reaction for proteids. See
Piolrowski's reaction, b. reaction for urea, melt
urea completely in a dry test-tube and continue
the heat for some time. When cold, dissolve in
water, add abundant caustic soda and a dilute
solution of copper sulphate drop by drop. The
solution becomes first pink, then reddish-violet, and,
finally, bluish-violet, according to the amount of
copper sulphate added

bivalence {biv'-al-ens) [bi-; valens, having power].
In chemistry, a valence or saturating power double
that of the hydrogen atom.

bivalent {biv'-al-ent) [see bivalence]. In chemistry
applied to an element of which an atom can replace
two atoms of hydrogen or other univalent element,
or to a radical that has the same valence as such
an element.

bivalve {bi'-valv) [bi-; valva, a valve]. Having
two valves or shells, as a speculum.

biventer {bi-ven' -ter) [bi-; venter, a belly]. 1. Hav-
ing two bellies, as a muscle. 2. A digastric muscle.
b. cervicis, the inner portion of the complexus
muscle, b. maxillae, the digastric muscle.

biventral {bi-ven' -tral) [see biventer]. Having two
stomachs; having two bellies, as the digastric muscle.

bivittate {bi-vit'-at) [bi-; vitta, a fillet]. Marked
by two longitudinal stripes.

bivo {be'-vo). Trade name of a beef and iron
wine.

Bixa {biks'-ah) [biche, Brazilian name]. A genus
of plants of the order Bixacea. B. orellana is the
annotto-tree, a native of South America and now
dispersed throughout the tropics, furnishing from
the pulp surrounding the seeds the annotto of com-
merce. The pulp is used as a remedy for dysentery
and the seeds are said to be astringent and antipy-
retic.

bixin {biks'-in) [bixa], C16H26O2. An orange-red
coloring-matter found in annotto.

bizincic {bi-zink' -ik) . Containing two atoms of
zinc.

bizygomatic {bi-zi-go-mat'-ik). Relating to both
zygomas, or to the most prominent points on the
two zygomatic arches.

Bizzozero's blood-platelets {bit-sot'-ser-o) [Giulio
Bizzozero, Italian physician, 1846-1901]. Small,
round or elliptical, nonnucleated bodies found in the
blood of mammals, including man. B.'s corpuscles.
See Neumann's corpuscles. B.'s crystals. See
Charcot's crystals.

black {blak) [AS., blcec]. Characterized by an
absence of color. The appearance of an object
from the surface of which none of the spectrum
colors is reflected, b. alder. See Prinos. b. anti-
mony, antimony tersulphide, Sb2S3. b. ash. 1. The
bark of Fraxinus sambucifolia, a mild tonic and

BLACKBAIN

146

BLASTODERM

astringent. Dose of fluidextract §-i dr. (2-4 Cc).
2. Impure sodium carbonate Na2CC>3 mixed with
carbon, b. blood, venous blood, b. cancer. See
melanosis, b. cohosh. See cimicifuga. b.-damp,
carbon dioxide gas, which is found in greater or less
quantity in all collieries, being given off by many
coals, either mixed with fire-damp or separately, or
produced in various other ways, as by the exhalations
of the miners, by fires, and by explosions of fire-
damp. Syn., choke-damp. b. death. See plague.
b. disease, a disease of malarial origin and pernicious
course, characterized by extreme darkening of the
skin, which may be brown or black in color. It
occurs in the Garo Hills in Assam, b. draught. See
senna, b.-drop. See opium, b. erysipelas. Syn-
onym of anthrax, b. eye, livor (or sugillatio) oculi;
ecchymosis of the tissues about the eye, usually
from injury, b. haw. See viburnum, b. hellebore.
See hellebore, b. jaundice, an excessive jaundice
arising from obstruction of the gall-ducts. The
color of the skin is greenish-black, b.-lead, a form
of carbon properly known as the mineral graphite.
b. measles, rubeola nigra, a grave or malignant form
of measles, b. pepper. See piper nigrum, b.
phthisis. A synonym of miner's phthisis, b. sick-
ness, cerebrospinal fever, b. snakeroot. See cimi-
cifuga. b. spit. See miner's phthisis, b. tongue.
1. A name given to a condition characterized by the
formation, upon the dorsum of the tongue, of a hair-
like deposit that passes through various stages
of coloration from yellow to brown and finally black,
ultimately disappearing by desquamation as gradu-
ally as it came. Repeated recurrence is the rule.
It is probably an undue proliferation of the epithe-
lium, the result of irritation. 2. A term applied to
erysipelatous glossitis, b. vomit, the coffee-ground
vomit of yellow fever, etc. b. walnut, the leaves of
Juglans nigra, a tonic, alterative, and deobstruent.
Dose of fluidextract 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). b.-
wash, lotio hydrargyri nigra (B. P.). b. willow, the
buds of Salix nigra, a bitter tonic with aphrodisiac
properties. Dose of fluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4
Cc).

blackbain [OE.]. Synonym of anthrax.

blackberry (blak'-ber-e). See rubus. b. cordial,
the cordiale rubi fructus (N. F.). Its formula is:
blackberry juice, 3 pints; cinnamon, in coarse powder,
2 troy oz.; cloves and nutmeg, in coarse powder,
each, i troy oz.; dilute alcohol, 2 pints; syrup, 3 pints.

blackhead (blak'-hed). See comedo.

blackleg (blak'-leg). A febrile, generally fatal,
disease, chiefly affecting cattle and sheep, which is
characterized by the rapid appearance of irregular
nodules in the skin and muscular tissues, that are at
first tense and very painful, but rapidly become
painless and crepitating. It is caused by Bacillus
chauvcei, or the bacillus of symptomatic anthrax.
Syn., symptomatic anthrax.

blackwater fever. A very fatal infectious disease
occurring especially on the low coasts of tropical
Africa, but also in Sicily, Greece, Central and South
America, Java, New Guinea, and the southern
portions of the United States. The disease is almost
exclusively confined to the white race, and is char-
acterized by a chill, an irregular intermittent or
remittent fever, vomiting, dyspnea, jaundice, and
hemoglobinuria. An almost invariable complication
is nephritis. Studies of the blood have revealed
the presence of a small, annular, nonpigmented,
intracellular parasite; also forms having a roset or
crescent shape.

bladder (blad'-er) [AS., bloeddre, a blister]. 1. A
membranous sac serving for the reception of fluids
or gases. 2. The hollow organ which serves as a
reservoir for the urine, b., atony of, inability to
expel the urine, from deficient muscular power.
b., bilobed, b., bilocular, a sacculated bladder
having two pouches, b., brain-, a cerebral vesicle.
b., catarrh of. See cystitis, b., encysted, a urinary
bladder with communicating cysts connected with
it. b., exstrophy of, b., extroversion of. See ex-
strophy of bladder, b., gall-. See gall-bladder, b.-
germ. See blastula. b., irritable, a condition char-
acterized by constant desire to urinate, b., multi-
locular, a sacculated bladder having many pouches.
b., neck of, the constricted portion continuous with
the urethra in front, b., nervous, a condition in
which there is a frequent desire to urinate, with
inability at the same time to perform the act per-
fectly, and consequent slight dribbling at its close.

b., sacculated, a condition due to overextension, in
which pouches are formed by the forcing out of its
mucous coat between the hypertrophied muscular
fibers, and in which urine may be held and become
decomposed, and in which calculi may be retained,
b.-stammering, Sir James Paget's name for that
condition observed in young males who are unable
to micturate when under observation or surrounded
by unusual conditions or objects. It is due to spasm
of the compressor urethrae muscle, b.-stammering,
false, a condition in which there is some mechanical
or pathological interference with urination, b.,
sterile, a hydatid cyst without secondary cysts,
heads, or broad capsules, b., supplementary, a
diverticulum caused by sacculation of the urinary
bladder. Syn., parurocystis. b.-worm. See worm-
bladder-, b. wrack. See Fucus vesiculosus.

blade (blad) [ME., blad, a leaf of grass]. In
biology, the broad part of a leaf, b.-bone. The
scapula or shoulder-blade.

blain (blan) [ME., blane, a blister]. 1. A blister;
an elevation of the cuticle containing serum; a
pustule; a blotch. 2. Synonym of anthrax.

Blainville's ears (blan-veV) [Henri Marie Ducrotay
de Blainville, French anthropologist, 1777-1850].
Congenital asymmetry of the ears.

Blancard's pills (blang'-kard) [Stephen Blancard,
Dutch physician, 1650-1702]. Pills of iron iodide.

bland (bland) [blandus, mild]. Mild; soothing.

Blandin's ganglion [Philippe Frederic Blandin
French surgeon, 1798-1849]. The sublingual gan-
glion, a small gangliform enlargement lying between
the lingual nerve and the sublingual gland. B.'s
gland, a muciparous gland situated near the tip of
the tongue in the median line and opening by several
ducts on the lower surface of the tongue.

Blandin-Nuhn's gland. See Blandin's gland.

Blasius' (Blaes') duct. See Stenson's duct.

blast (blast) [AS., blast}. 1. See exotospore. 2. See
blight (2). 3. Inflammation. 4. A disease of sheep.

blastema (blas-te'-mah) [/SXAcrrjjMo, from f3\a<rTai>eiv,
to germinate]. 1. The formative lymph or rudi-
mentary tissue, from which, by differentiation,
tissues and organs are developed. A synonym of
protoplasm. 2. An undifferentiated protoplasmic
layer in certain eggs or embryos, b., ossific, b.,
ossifying, b., subperiosteal. See osteogenetic layer.
b. pili, a hair-papilla.

blastemic (blas-tem'-ik) [ffkaaraveiv, to germinate].
Relating to blastema; rudimentary; bioplasmic

blasticle (blas'Hik-l). The vitelline nucleus.

blastid (blas'-tid) [pXaaros, a germ]. In embry-
ology, a very small clear spot on the fecundated ovum
marking the place of the nucleus or cytoblast.

blastidium (blas-tid'-e-um) [pXaards, a germ].
An endospore or cell of endogenous origin.

blasto- (blas-to-) [0Xa<rr6s, a germ]. A prefix
meaning germ or bud.

blastocardia (blas-to-kar'-de-ah) [blasto-; xapSia, the
heart]. The germinal spot.

blastocele, blastoceloma (blas'-to-sel, -o'-ma)
[blasto; koLXos, hollow]. The central cavity of the
blastula or vesicular morula. The nucleolus of the
ovum.

blastocelis (blas-to-se'-lis) [blasto-; ktjXi's, a spot],
Wagner's name for the germinal spot.

blastochyle (blas'-to-kll) [blasto-; xvMk, juice].
The colorless fluid in the blastodermic vesicles.

blastoccelum, blastocceloma (blas-to-se'-lom, blas-
to-se-lo'-mah). Same as blastocele.

blastocolysis (blas-to-kol'-is-is) [blasto-; /coXowm, a
cutting off]. The arrest of a developmental process.

blastocyst, blastocystinx (blas'-to-sist, blas-to-sist'-
inks) [blasto-; kv<ttis, a bladder]. The germinal
vesicle.

blastocyte (blas'-to-sit) [blasto-; kvtos, a cell].
An undifferentiated embryonic cell; a cell which
is capable of giving rise to daughter cells of varying
characters.

blastocytoma (blas-to-si-to'-ma) [blasto-; kvtos, a
cell; btia., a tumor]. A tumor in which the elements
are blastocytes, or undifferentiated cells.

blastoderm (blas'-to-derm) [blasto-; 5kpna, the skin].
In embryology, the germinal membrane formed by
the cells of the morula, lying On the internal surface
of the vitelline" membrane of the impregnated ovum.
The whole hollow sphere, with its surrounding cells,
is called the blastodermic vesicle, and is formed about
the tenth day. The ectoderm (or epiblast) and the
endoderm (entoderm or hypoblast) layers are simply

BLASTODERMIC

147

BLENORRHEAL

due to a proliferation of the blastodermic cells about
the germinal area, whereby the blastoderm is doubled,
thus forming these outer and inner layers. The
mesoblast or middle layer is developed after the
others, and probably from the hypoblast. Syn.,
blastodermic membrane; germ membrane; germinal
membrane, b., bilamlnar, the blastoderm when it
consists only of the ectoderm and the endoderm.
b., trilaminar, the blastoderm after the formation
of the mesoblast.

blastodermic (blas-to-der'-mik) [see blastoderm].
Relating to. the blastoderm, b. vesicle, see blasto-
derm.

blastodisc (blas'-to-disk) [blasto-; dia-Kos, disc].
A blastodermic disc; a mass or disc capping one
pole of the yolk.

blastogenesis (blas-to-jen'-es-is) [blasto-; yivecns,
generation], i. In biology, Weismann's theory of
origin from germ-plasm, in contradistinction to
Darwin's theory of pangenesis. 2. Reproduction
by buds.

blastogeny (blas-toj'-en-e) [see blastogenesis].
Haeckel's term for the germ-history of an individual
organism; a division of ontogeny.

blastoma (blas-to' -mah) [blasto-; 6p.a, a tumor].
1. A granular growth due to the presence of a germ
or microorganism. 2. One of a peculiar group of
true tumors which originate from embryonic cell-
nests; e. g., chondroma, glioma, etc. Syn., enblastoma.

blastomere (blas'-to-mer) [blasto-; p-epos, a part].
Any one of the nucleated cells or segments into
which the fecundated vitellus divides.

blastomyces (blas-to-mi'-sez) [blasto-; p.vni)s, a
fungus; pi., blastomycetes]. A genus of budding
fungi usually referred to Torula or Saccharomycetes.
Single-celled thallophytes, destitute of chlorophyl,
which reproduce by yeast-like buds or by endo-
genous cell-formation, b. dermatidis (Gilchrist,
1894), a yeast-like organism producing a scrofulo-
derma in man. See dermatitis, blastomycetic.

blastomycetic (blast-o-mi-se'-tik). Pertaining to
or caused by budding fungi {blastomycetes). b.
dermatitis. See under dermatitis.

blastomycosis (blas-to-mi-ko'-sis). An affection
due to budding fungi (blastomycetes). Cf. blasto-
myces; saccharomyces ; torula.

blastoneuropore (blas-to-nu'-ro-por) [blasto-; veupov,
a nerve; wopos, a pore]. In biology, the temporary
aperture in certain embryos formed by the coalescence
of the blastopore and neuropore.

blastosphere (blas'-to-sfer) [blasto-; a<f>aipa, a
sphere]. The blastodermic vesicle or blastula.

blastophore (blas'-to-for) [blasto-; <pkpeiv, to bear].
That part of a sperm-cell that does not become
converted into spermatozoa.

blastophyllum (blas-to-fil'-um) [blasto-; <f>v\\ov, a
leaf]. The endoderm or ectoderm; a primitive germ-
layer.

blastophyly (blas-tof -il-e) [blasto-; <pv\r), a tribe].
The tribal history of individual organisms.

blastopore (blas'-to-por) [blasto-; iropos, passage;
pore]. The small opening leading into the noto-
chordal canal, or, after the canal has fused with the
yolk-cavity, leading into the archenteron. It is
situated at the hind end of the primitive axis and
is a small portion of the gastrula mouth.

blastoprolepsis (blast-o-pro-lep'-sis) [/3\cio-t6s, a
germ; wp6\Tj\pis, an anticipating]. Hastening of
development.

blastosphere (blas'-to-sfer) [fiXaaros, a germ;
<r<paipa, a sphere]. In biology, the "blastula,"
"germinal vesicle," or "vesicular germ." A hollow
sphere composed of a single, simply layer of germinal
cells. A vesicular morula.

blastostroma (blas-to-stro'-mah). See embryonic
area.

blastous (blast' -us). Relating to a blastema.

blastula (blas'-tu-lah) [dim. of /3\a<rr6s, a germ].
The blastodermic vesicle; see blastoderm.

blastulation (blas-tii-la'-shon) [dim. of /9Xcutt6s, a
germ]. In embryology, the conversion of morula or
mulberry-germ into a blastula or vesicular germ.

blastzellen (blast' -tsel-en) [Ger.]. Primitive cells
from which are developed all other kinds of cells.
They are seen in the embryo before any beginning of
differentiation, and are characterized by their
large size, richness in cytoplasm, and large nuclei.

Blatin's suture, a modification of Gely's suture
n which one needle and two threads of different
colors are used.

Blatta (blat'-ah) [L., "blood-colored"]. 1. A genus
of Blattidce. 2. A clot of blood. B. (Periplaneta)
orientalis, the cockroach; the powdered body is a
popular remedy for dropsy among the Russian
peasants. Tinctura blattarum orientalium is used in
whooping-cough. Dose, 1 or 2 drops in water at
intervals of 2 hours

Blaud's pill (blawd) [P. Blaud, French physician,
1774-1858]. A pill containing equal parts iron
sulphate and potassium carbonate; for use in anemia,
etc.

bleach (blech) [ME., blechen, to make white].
To make white or pale.

bleacher's eczema (blech' -erz ek'-zem-ah). Eczema
of the hands of bleachers, due to the use of hot water
and strong lye.

bleaching fluid. A fluid obtained by passing
chlorine gas into an emulsion of calcium hydrate.
Syn., Eau de Javelle; Javelle water, b. powder.
chlorinated lime, a mixture of calcium chloride
and calcium hypochlorite, containing free chlorine
gas. It is used as a disinfectant.

blear eye (bler'-i). See blepharitis ulcerosa.

bleb (bleb). See bulla.

bleeders (ble'-derz) [AS., bledan, to bleed]. 1. A
popular term for those who are subjects of the
hemorrhagic diathesis. Syn., hemophiliacs. 2. One
who practises venesection, b.'s disease. See hemo-
philia.

bleeding (ble'-ding). See bloodletting and hemor-
rhage.

blemmatrope (blem'-at-rop) [(i\kp.p.a, a glance;
rpkiretv, to turn]. An apparatus for showing the
various positions of the eye in its orbit.

blenal (blen'-al). Sanatol carbonate, a yellow,
oily liquid, used in gonorrhea.

blenna (blen'-er) [f}\kwa, mucus]. Mucus, b.
narium, mucus from the nose.

blennadenitis (blen-ad-en-i'-tis) [blenna-; &8yv,
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous glands and follicles.

blennelytria (blen-el-it'-re-ah) [blenna-; eKvrpov,
sheath, vagina]. Vaginal catarrh, leucorrhea.

blennemesis (blen-em'-es-is) [blenna-; ifiieiv, to
vomit]. The vomiting of mucus.

blennenteria (blen-en-te'-re-ah) [blenna-; ivrepov,
intestine]. A mucous diarrhea or dysentery.

blennenteritis (blen-en-ter-i'-tis) [blenna-; ivrepov,
intestine; wis, inflammation]. 1. Enteritis with a
copious discharge of mucus. 2. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the bowel.

blennisthmia (blen-isth'-me-ah) [PKkwa, mucus
iadpaa, a throat]. Pharyngeal catarrh.

blenno- (blen-o-) [^Xwa, mucus]. A prefix
meaning mucus.

blennocele (blen'-o-sel) [blenno-; /07X77, a tumor].
Gonorrheal epididymitis.

blennochesia, blennochezia (blen-o-ke'-ze-ah) [blen-
no-; -xkotiv, to want to go to stool]. See blennenteria.

blennocystitis (blen-o-sis-ti'-tis) [blenno-; kwt«,
bladder; ins, inflammation]. Catarrh of the urinary
bladder.

blennogenic, or blennogenous (blen-o-jen'-ik, or
blen-oj' -en-us) [blenno-; ykvzois, production]. Pro-
ducing or secreting mucus; muciparous.

blennoid (blen'-oid) [blenno-; elSos, form]. Re-
sembling mucus; myxoid; muciform; mucoid.

blennoma (blen-o' -mah) [blenno-; opa, a tumor;
pi., blennomata]. 1. A mucous polypus. 2. A myxoma.

blennometritis (blen-o-me-tri'-tis) [blenno-; nvrpa,
the uterus; wis, inflammation]. Catarrhal metritis.

blennometrorrhea, blennometrorrhoea (blen-o-met-
ror-e'-ah). See metroblennorrhea.

blennophlogisma, blennophlogosis (blen-o-flo-jis'-
mah, blen-o-jlo-go'-sis) [blenno-; <j>\6yu><Tn, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a mucosa.

blennophthalmia (blen-off-thaV -me-ah) [blenno-;
6<p9a\fj.ia, disease of the eyes]. Catarrhal conjunc-
tivitis.

blennoptysis (blen-op'-lis-is) [blenno-; -n-rvais, a
spitting]. Bronchial mucous expectoration.

blennorrhagia (blen-or-a'-je-ah) [blenno-; prjyvvpat,
to burst forth]. 1. An excessive mucous discharge.
2. Gonorrhea.

blennorrhagic (blen-or-aj'-ik) [see blennorrhagia].
Relating to blennorrhagia.

blennorrhea (blen-or-e'-ah) [blenno-; po-q, a flow].
Same as blennorrhagia.

blennorrhea!, blennorrhoic (blen-or-e'-al, -o'-ik)
[see blennorrhea]. Relating to blennorrhea.

BLENORRHINIA

148

BLEPHAROPTOSIS

blennorrhinia (blen-or-in'-e-ah) [blenno-; pis, the
nose]. Coryza; nasal catarrh.

blennosis (blen-o'-sis) [blenno-; vbaos, disease;
pi., blennoses]. Any disease of a mucous membrane.

blennostasin (blen-os'-tas-in). The proprietary
name for a yellow solid body said to be cinchonidine
hydrobromide, Ci9H22N20(HBr)2, a nontoxic vaso-
motor constrictor and blennostatic. It is used in
influenza, colds, night-sweats, etc. Dose 15-60 gr.
(1-4 Gm.) hourly.

blennostasis (Jblen-os'-tas-is) [blenno-; <rTa<ns, a
staying]. The checking or suppression of any
mucous discharge.

blennostatic (blen-os-tat'-ik) [blenno-; vtchtls, a
staying]. 1. Checking or suppressing mucous dis-
charges. 2. An agent capable of suppressing mucous
discharges.

blennostrumous (blen-o-stru'-mus). Relating to
gonorrhea and to scrofula.

blennothorax (blen-o-tho'-raks) [blenno-; 0obpa£,
the thorax]. Pulmonary catarrh.

blennotorrhea (blen-ot-or-e'-ah) [blenno-; ovs, ear;
polo., a flow]. A mucous discharge from the ear.

blennurethria (blen-u-re'-thre-ah) [blenno-; ovp-qdpa,
the urethra]. Urethral gonorrhea.

blennuria (Men-it' -re-ah) [blenno-; ovpov, urine].
The discharge of mucus in the urine.

blennymenerysipelas (blen-e-men-er-e-sip f-e-las)

[blenno-; vp\i)v, membrane; erysipelas]. Erysipelas
attacking a mucosa.

blennymenitis (blen-im-en-i'-tis) [blenno-; vp.-qv,
membrane]. Inflammation of any mucous surface.

blephara (blef'-ar-ah). Plural of blepharon, q. v.

blepharadenitis (blef-ar-ad-en-i'-tis) [blepharon;
iSrjv, a gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the Meibomian glands, b. tarsalis. See horde-
olum.

blepharal (blef-ar-al) [0\kcj>a,pov, the eyelid].
Relating to an eyelid or to the eyelids.

blepharanthracosis (blef-ar-an-thrak-o'-sis) [fi\e4>-
apov, the eyelid; 6.i>9p6.Kwo- is, a charring; carbunculi-
zation]. Carbuncular inflammation of the eyelid.

blepharedema (blef-ar-e-de'-mah) [fiXkcpapov, the
eyelid; ol5r)fj,a, a swelling]. Swelling or edema of
the eyelids.

blepharelosis {blef-ar-el-o' -sis) [0\e<papov, the
eyelid; elAeu', to roll]. Synonym of entropion.

blepharemphysema (blef-ar-em-fis-e'-mah) [/3Ae0-
apov, eyelid; e/j.<pvar)na., an inflation]. Emphysema
of an eyelid.

blepharides (blef-ar' '-id-ez) . Plural of blepharis.

blepharis (blef'-ar-is) [/SAec/>apts, an eyelash].
1. An eyelash. 2. A genus of plants of the order
Acanthacece. B. capensis is a plant of South Africa
used in blood-poisoning from anthrax and in treat-
ment of snake-bites. Dose 3-4 oz. (90-118 Cc.) of
a 1 : 100 decoction.

blepharism (blef'-ar-izm) [fi\e<f>api£eiv , to wink].
Rapid involuntary winking; morbidly excessive
nictitation.

blepharitic (blef-ar-it'-ik) [$\k<papov, the eyelid;
ins, inflammation]. Relating to or affected with
blepharitis.

blepharitis (blef-ar-i'-tis) [blepharon; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the eyelids, b. acarica,
marginal blepharitis in which the Demodex folli-
culorum^ is present upon or about the eyelashes.
b. ciliaris, b. marginalis, inflammation of the ciliary
or marginal border of the lids. b. gangrenosa,
carbuncle of the eyelids, b. glandularis, b. glandu-
losa, inflammation of the Meibomian glands, b.
internus, palpebral conjunctivitis, b. phlegmonosa,
inflammation of the cellular tissue of the eyelid.
b. scrofulosa. See b. simplex, b. simplex, mild
inflammation of the borders of the eyelids with
formation of moist yellow crusts on the ciliary
margins, gluing together the eyelids, b. squamosa,
that attended with the formation of scabs, b.
ulcerosa, an ulcerative inflammation of the eyelids.

blepharo- (blef-ar-o-) [blepharon]. A prefix mean-
ing relating to the eyelid.

blepharoadenitis (bUf-ar-o-ad-en-i'-tis). See bleph-
aradenitis.

blepharoadenoma (blef-ar-o-ad-en-o'-mah) [bleph-
aro-; how, a gland; 6p.a., a tumor]. An adenoma of
the eyelid.

blepharoatheroma (blef-ar-o-ath-er-o'-mah) [bleph-
aro-; atheroma], A sebaceous cyst of the eyelid.

blepharoblennorrhea (blef-ar-o-blen-or-e'-ah). See
ophthalmia, purulent, blepharoblennorrhoea gonor-

rhoea, b. maligna, gonorrheal ophthalmia, bleph-
aroblennorrhoea neonatorum, ophthalmia neona-
torum, blepharoblennorrhcea urethritica, gonorrheal
ophthalmia.

blepharocarcinoma (blef-ar-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [bleph-
aro-; carcinoma]. Carcinoma affecting the eyelid.

blepharochalasis (blef-ar-o-kal'-as-is) [blepharo-;
xaKaais, a slackening]. A method of treating tra-
choma by excising oval slices from the upper and
lower palpebral conjunctiva, with incision of the
outer canthus.

blepharochromidrosis (blef-ar-o-kro-mid-ro'-sis)

[blepharo-; x/^Ma, color; iSpws, sweat]. Colored
sweat of the eyelids, usually of a bluish tint.

blepharocleisis {blef-ar-o-kli'-sis) [blepharo-; n\el-
o-ls, closure]. Ankyloblepharon; abnormal closure
of the eyelids.

blepharoclonus (filef-ar-ok'-lon-us) [blepharo-; k\6-
vos, commotion]. Spasm of the orbicularis palpe-
brarum muscle.

blepharocoloboma (blef-ar-o-kol-o-bo'-mah). See
coloboma palpebrce.

blepharoconjunctivitis (blef-ar-o-kon-junk-liv-i'-tis) .
See conjunctivitis, palpebral.

blepharodiastasis (blef-ar-o-di-as'-tas-is) [blepharo-;
5ia.o-Ta.cns, separation]. Excessive separation of the
eyelids; or inability to close the eyelids completely.

blepharodyschrea (blef-ar-o-dis-kre'-ah), or bleph-
arodyschroia (blef-ar-o-dis-kroi'-ah) [blepharo-; Svst
bad; xpoia, color]. Discoloration of the eyelid from
nevus or from any other cause.

blepharoedema (blef-ar-o-e-de'-mah). See bleph-
aredema.

blepharoemphysema. See blepharemphysema.

blepharohematidrosis (blef-ar-o-hem-at-id-ro'-sis)
blepharo-; al/ia, blood; idp&s, sweat]. The rare
occurrence of sweating blood from the skin of the
eyelid.

blepharolithiasis (blef-ar-o-lith-i'-as-is) [blepharo-;
\idos, a stone]. The formation of marginal con-
cretions within the eyelid.

blepharomelasma (blef-ar-o-mel-az'-mah) blepharo-;
MeXas, black]. Seborrhcea nigricans occurring on the
eyelid.

blepharomelena (blef-ar-o-mel-e'-nah). See bleph-
arochromidrosis.

blepharon (blef-ar-on) [&Xk<papov, the eyelid; pi.,
blephara]. The eyelid; palpebra.

blepharoncosis (blef-ar-ong-ko'-sis) [blepharoncus].
The formation of a blepharoncus, or the condition
of suffering due to such a growth.

blepharoncus (blef-ar-ong'-kus) [blepharo-; oyicos,
an enlargement]. A tumor or swelling of the eyelid.

blepharonysis (blef-ar-on-i'-sis) [blepharo-; vvo-aeiv,
to prick]. Operation for entropion by means of
Gaillard's suture.

blepharopachynsis (blef-ar-o-pak-in'-sis) [blepharo-;
Traxvs, thick]. Morbid thickening of the eyelid.

blepharophimosis (blef-ar-o-fi-mo'-sis) [blepharo-;
4>lp.o)ais, a shutting-up]. Abnormal smallness of the
palpebral aperture.

blepharophryplastic (blef-ar-o-f rip-las' -tik) [bleph-
aro-; 6(j>pvs, brow; 7rXa<rrt/c6s, plastic]. Pertaining to
the plastic surgery of the lid and eyebrow.

blepharophryplasty (blef-ar-off'-re-plas-te) [bleph-
aro-; 6<t>pvs, eyebrow; ir\a,ao-eiv , to form]. Plastic
surgery of the eyebrow and eyelid.

blepharophthalmia (blef-ar-of-thal'-me-ah) [bleph-
aro-; 6cpda.\p.6s, eye]. Combined palpebral and
ocular conjunctivitis.

blepharophthalmic (blef-ar-of-thal'-mik). Relating
to the eyelids and the globe of the eye, or to blephar-
ophthalmia.

blepharophthalmostat {blef-ar-of-thal'-mo-stat). See
blepharostat.

blepharophyma (blef-ar-o-fi'-mah) [blepharo-; <f>vp.a,
a growth; pi., blepharophymata]. A tumor of, or
outgrowth from, the eyelid.

blepharoplast (blef'-ar-o-plast) [blepharo-; irXao-aeiv,
to form]. An individualized centrosome, found in
certain protozoa, such as trypanosoma.

blepharoplastic (blef-ar-o-plas'-tik) [blepharo-;
ifKao-TLKos, plastic]. Pertaining to blepharoplasty.

blepharoplasty (blef-ar-o-plas-le) [see blepharoplast].
An operation for the restoration of any part of the
eyelid.

blepharoplegia {blef-ar-o-ple'-je-ah) [blepharo-;
ifK-qy-n, a stroke]. Paralysis of an eyelid.

blepharoptosis (blef-ar-op-to'-sis) [blepharo-; irruais,
a fall]. Drooping of the upper eyelid.

BLEPHAROPYORRHEA

149

BLOOD

blepharopyorrhea {blef-ar-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [blepharo-;
irvov, pus; peeu\ to flow]. A flow of pus from the
eyelid.

blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or'-a-fe) [blepharo-; pa<f>ri,
a seam]. The stitching together of a portion of the
edges of the lids.

blepharorrhea (blef-ar-or-e'-ah) [blepharo-; poia, a
flow]. A discharge from the eyelid.

blepharospasm (blef'-ar-o-spazm) [blepharo-; a-irao--
nos, a spasm]. Spasm of the orbicularis palpe-
brarum muscle; excessive winking.

blepharospath (blef-ar-o-spath) [blepharo-; <ntbBi),
a blade]. A forceps for taking up or holding an
artery; for use in operations on the eyelid.

blepharosphincterectomy (blef-ar-o-sfink-ter-ek' -to-
me) [blepharo-; acpiynTrip, sphincter; e/cro/x^, inci-
sion]. An operation to lessen the pressure of the
upper lid upon the cornea; it consists in making an
incision the entire length of the lid, about 2 mm.
above the lid-border; by a second incision a small
oval flap of skin, 2-4 mm. broad, is removed along
with all the underlying muscle-fibers. The wound
is closed with two or three sutures.

blepharostat {blef'-ar-o-stat) [blepharo-; (ttcltikos,
causing to stand]. An instrument for holding the
eyelids apart while performing operations upon the
eyes or lids.

blepharostenosis (blef-ar-o-ste-no'-sis) [blepharo-;
o-rews, narrow]. Diminution of the space between
the eyelids.

blepharosymphysis {blef-ar-o-sim'-fiz-is). See ble-
pharosynechia.

blepharosyndesmitis (blef-ar-o-sin-des-mi'-tis) [ble-
pharo-; avvdeapos, a bond]. See conjunctivitis,
palpebral.

blepharosynechia (blef-ar-o-si-nek'-e-ah) [blepharo-;
o-wixeict, a holding together]. The adhesion or
growing together of the eyelids.

blepharotomy (blef-ar-ot'-o-me) [blepharo-; rkuveiv,
to cut]. Incision into the eyelid.

blepharydatis {blef-ar-id' -at-is) [blepharo-; vSaris,
a vesicle]. A hydatid affecting the eyelid.

blessed thistle. See Carduus.

Blessig's groove [Robert Blessig, Russian physi-
cian, 1830-1878]. The slight groove in the embryonic
eye that marks off the fundus of the optic cup from
the zone that surrounds the periphery of the lens
and corresponds in position with the future ora
serrata.

blight (blit). 1. A partial paralysis of certain
facial nerves, arising from sudden or extreme cold.
2. A fungus-disease of plants, b. of the eye, an
extravasation of blood within the conjunctiva.
b., sandy, a form of ophthalmia attended with
photophobia and a sensation of grittiness, due to
the formation of pus in the openings of the Mei-
bomian glands.

blighted {bli'-ted). Withered, blasted; affected
with blight.

blind {blind) [AS]. Without sight; deprived of
sight, b. gut, the cecum, b. spot, that part of
the fundus of the eye where the optic nerve enters.

blindness {blind' -nes) . Want of vision. b.,
Blight's. See Bright's blindness, b., color-, imper-
fect color-perception. This condition is found in
about 4 % of persons, is more frequent in men than
in women, and is probably due to nonexercise of the
color-sense. Complete color-blindness is very rare,
the different colors probably appearing as different
intensities or shades of white light. In partial
color-blindness defective perception of red is the most
frequent, green, blue, and yellow, respectively, being
next in order. Tests for color-blindness usually con-
sist in matching and classifying colored yarns.
b., cortical, blindness due to lesion of the cortical
center of vision, b., day-. See nyctalopia, b.,
electric-light, a condition similar to snow-blindness,
due to exposure of the eyes to intense and prolonged
electric illumination, b., gold, a form of retinal
asthenopia at times affecting dentists, owing to
which there is inability to distinguish the filling from
the tooth, b., intellectual, b., mental. See b.,
psychic, b., moon-, a rare condition of retinal
anesthesia said to be due to exposure of the eyes to
the moon's rays in sleeping, b., nervous. See
amaurosis, b., night-. See hemeralopia. b., object-.
See apraxia. b., psychic, loss of conscious visual
sensation from destruction of the cerebral visual
center; there is sight but not recognition, b., snow-,
photophobia and conjunctivitis due to exposure of

the eyes to the glare of sunlight upon snow, b.,
soul. See b. psychic, b., word-. See aphasia.

blinking {blink' -ing). An involuntary winking.

blister {blis'-ter) [ME.]. A vesicle resulting from
the exudation of serous fluid between the epidermis
and true skin; also the agent by which the blister is
produced, b., blood-, a blister which contains
blood, b., fly-, a blister of cantharides. See
cantharides. b., flying, a blister that remains long
enough to produce redness of the skin and not
vesication.

blistering {blis'-ter-ing). Forming a vesicle upon
the skin. b. collodion, a solution of cantharidin in
collodion, b. liquid. Same as b. collodion, b.
paper, paper saturated with cantharides; used for
producing vesication.

bloat {blot) [ME., blote, swelling]. 1. Puffiness;
edema; turgidity from any cause, as from anasarca.
2. A form of colic in the horse produced by tym-
panitic distention of the intestines. Also called
■wind colic.

block {blok) [ME., blok, a piece of wood]. 1. In
dentistry a mass of gold-foil for filling teeth, made
by folding a tape of foil upon itself several times
by means of pliers. 2. To obstruct the path of all
sensory impressions in the nerve-trunks and roots
in the spinal cord which connect the area of surgical
operation with the sensorium. b. heart. See heart.

blocking {blok' -ing). F. Franck's term for the
transitory sensory paralysis of the entire peripheral
distribution of a nerve by the infiltration of the
sectional area of a nerve-trunk in any part of its
course with cocaine or a similar analgesic.

Blocq's disease [Paul Oscar Blocq, French physi-
cian, 1 860-1 896]. See Briquet's ataxia.

blondine {blon'-den) [Fr., blonde, light, fair].
A preparation of hydrogen dioxide, used for bleaching
the hair.

blood {blud) [AS., blod]. The fluid that circulates
through the heart, arteries, and veins, supplying
nutritive material to all parts of the body. In the
human being the blood of the arteries is bright red
and dichroic; that of the veins, dark red and mono-
chroic. Blood consists of plasma and corpuscular
elements, the latter being the red corpuscles, the
white corpuscles, and the blood-plaques. In a
cubic millimeter there are about 5,000,000 red and
10,000 white corpuscles. The red color of the blood
is due to the hemoglobin contained in the red cor-
puscles. The total amount of blood was formerly
estimated at ^3 of the body-weight, but now £> of
the body-weight is believed to be a more correct
figure. When exposed to the air, blood coagulates,
forming a red clot and a yellowish fluid called serum.
Healthy blood consists of 78 % of water and 22 %
of solids. See Almen, Bremer, Hayem, Hoppe-
Seyler, Robert, Ladendorff, Pacini, Rubner, Sal-
kowski, Struve, Van Deen, Wetzel, v. Zaleski. b.-
casts, tube casts to which red blood-corpuscles are
attached, b.-cell, a blood corpuscle, b.-coagula-
tion. See Hammarsten, Lilienfeld, Pekelharing,
Schmidt, b.-corpuscles, red, circular, biconcave
discs floating in the blood. Red corpuscles are
circular in mammals (except the camel) and elliptical
in birds and reptiles. In man they are about 35V0
inch (7 m) in diameter and kJm inch thick, b.-
corpuscles, granular, bodies described by Erb in
blood of mammals and supposed to be transitional
blood-corpuscles, b.-corpuscles white, colorless cor-
puscles, about one-third larger in diameter than the
red — ^^j inch (10 m). They exhibit movements
similar to those of the ameba. b.-crasis, the mix-
ture of the constituents of the blood. When the
blood-crasis is diseased or disordered, the condition
is known as dyscrasia. b.-crystals, crystals of
hematoidin. b., defibrinated, blood from which the
fibrin has been removed by agitating it with twigs.
b.-disease. A synonym of dyscrasia. b.-dust. A
synonym of hemokonia. b.-fiuke. See Bilharzia
hamatobia. b.-islands, a term applied to the groups
of corpuscles developed during the first days of
embryonic life, within the large branched cells of
the mesoblast. b.-pigments. See hemoglobin, hema-
tin, and hematocyanin. b.-plaque. See b.-platelets.
b.-plasma, the liquor sanguinis, or fluid part of the
blood, b.-platelets, circular or oval, light-gray
bodies found in the blood. They are from 1 to 1.3 n
in size, and number from 18,000 to 300,000 in the
cubic millimeter. Their function is not definitely
known; they are an important factor in thrombosis.

BLOODLESS

150

BODY

b.-poisoning, a morbid state due to the circulation
of bacteria or their products, or both, in the blood,
as the result of a local infection, b.-pressure, the
tension of the blood in the arteries, b.-root. See
sanguinarid. b.-shot, redness due to turgescence of
blood-vessels; ecchymosed, — e. g., the eye. b.-
stroke, apoplexy, b.-tumor. See hematoma, b.-
vessel, an artery or a vein.

bloodless (blud'-les) [blood]. Without blood.
b. operations, surgical operations, such as ampu-
tations, in which the member is so bandaged by
compresses and elastic bands that the blood is ex-
pelled and kept from the part to be operated upon.

bloodletting (blud-let'-ing). The artificial abstrac-
tion of blood from the body, b., general, venesec-
tion or phlebotomy, b., local, b., topical, the
removal of a small quantity of blood by cupping
leeching, or scarification, b., revulsive, that per-
formed for arresting internal hemorrhage, b.,
spoliative, bleeding to reduce the number of blood-
corpuscles.

bloody (blud'-e). Having the nature of, or filled
with blood, b. flux, dysentery, b. sweat, ephi-
drosis.

blotch. A pimple or blain; a small discolored
patch of skin; a group of small pustules.

blow-pipe (blo'-plp). A cylindrical tube, from
twelve to eighteen inches long, about half an inch
in diameter at one end, and gradually tapering to a
fine point or nozzle, which may be straight or bent
at a right angle; it is used in directing the flame of a
lamp in a fine conical tongue, for the purpose of
producing a high temperature by hastening the
combustion.

blucaloids (blu'-kal-oids). Capsules containing
methylene-blue and oil of eucalyptus; said to be
useful in malaria.

blue [ME., blew]. One of the colors of the spec-
trum, b. baby, a child with congenital cyanosis.
b.-blindness, defective color-perception for blue.
b. cardinal-flower. Synonym of Lobelia syphilitica.
b. cohosh. See Caulophyllum. b. disease, cyanosis
of the newborn, usually due to congenital disease of
the heart, b. edema, a puffed and bluish appearance
of the limb sometimes seen in hysterical paralysis.
b.-flag. See Iris. b. gentian, the root of Gentiana
catesbcei, tonic and stomachic. Dose of fluidextract
10-40 niin. (0.65-2.65 Cc). b.-gum tree. See
Eucalyptus. b.-mass. See mercury mass. b.,
methylene-. See methylene-blue. b. ointment,
unguentum hydrargyri dilutum (U. S. P.). b. pill,
a pill made from blue-mass, b., Prussian, ferric
ferrocyanide, (Fe2)2(FeCeN6)3. b. stick. Same as
b.-stone. b.-stone, copper sulphate, b., Turnbull's,
ferrous ferrocyanide, Fe3Fe2(C3N3)4. b. vision,
cyanopsia. b. vitriol, copper sulphate.

bluebottle (blu'-bot-l). See Carduus.

blues (blooz). A popular name for short periods
of mental depression; they are usually associated
with indigestion.

Blumberg's sign (bloom' -berg). In active peri-
tonitis, pressure of the hand on the abdomen causes
less pain than sudden removal of the pressure;
during convalescence, pressure causes greater pain
than sudden removal of the pressure.

Blumenau's nucleus (bloo'-men-ow) [Leonid Blu-
menau, Russian neurologist, 1862- ]. The
lateral nucleus of the cuneate nucleus.

Blumenbach's clivus (bloo'-men-bakh) [Johann
Friedrich Blumenbach, German physiologist, 1752-
1840]. The inclined surface of the sphenoid bone
which lies behind the posterior clinoid processes
and is continuous with the basilar process of the
occipital bone. B.'s process, the uncinate process
of the ethmoid bone.

blunt-hook (blunt' -hook). An obstetrical instru-
ment, used mainly in embryotomy.

blushing (blush' -ing) [ME., blushen, to glow]. The
sudden and temporary reddening of the face due to
vasomotor action caused by shame, modesty, or
confusion. See rubor.

Blyth's test for lead in potable water [Alexander
Wynter Blyth, English chemist]. On the addition
of a 1 per cent, alcoholic tincture of cochineal a
precipitate is formed.

BNA. Abbreviation for Basle nomina anatomica,
Basle anatomical nomenclature.

Boas' reagent (bo'-as) [Ismar Boaz, German physi-
cian, 1858- ]. A solution of tropeolin or paper
saturated with such a solution. B.'s sign, the pres-

ence of lactic acid in the gastric contents in cases of
cancer of the stomach. B.'s test, in cases of intestinal
atony a splashing sound can be obtained on pressure
upon the abdominal wall after the injection of a
small quantity (200-300 Cc.) of water into the
bowel. B.'s test for hydrochloric acid in the con-
tents of the stomach, in 100 Gm. dilute alcohol
dissolve 5 Gm. pure resorcinol and 5 Gm. white
sugar. Spread a few drops of this reagent in a thin
layer upon a porcelain dish and heat gently. If a
glass rod dipped in the solution is applied to a drop
of the filtrate from the stomach, a deep scarlet streak
is produced. B.'s treatment of hemorrhoids, after
extrusion of the hemorrhoids they are treated by
Bier's suction until an edematous ring appears;
later, they drop off.

Boas-Oppler bacillus (bo'-as op'-ler) [Ismar Boas,
German physician, 1858- ; Bruno Oppler, Ger-
man physician]. A strepto-bacillus sometimes found
in the gastric contents; when present in large num-
bers it is said to indicate carcinoma of the stomach.

boat-belly (bot'-bel-e). See scaphoid abdomen.

bocaral (bo'-kar-al). An antiseptic preparation
containing boric acid, carbolic acid, and alum.

Bocconia (bok-o'-ne-ah) [Paolo, Boccone, Italian
botanist, 1633-1704]. A genus of plants of the order
PapaveracecB. B. frutescens is a native of the West
Indies; the juice is purgative and anthelmintic.

Bochdalek's canal (bok-dal-ek') [Bochdalek, Austri-
an anatomist, -1883]. A minute canal passing
obliquely downward and outward through the mem-
brana tympani from the upper edge of the inner
surface of the latter to the umbo, where it opens on
the outer surface. B.'s ganglion, the supramaxillary
ganglion; a small gangliform enlargement at the junc-
tion of the anterior and middle dental branches of the
superior maxillary nerve. B.'s gap, the interval exist-
ing in the diaphragm between the costal and lumbar
attachments of this muscle. B.'s glands, cysts devel-
oped in the tongue derived from the primitive thyro-
glossal duct. B.'s muscle, the triticeoglossus muscle,
a small muscle extending from the cartilago triticea in
the thyrohyoid ligament upward and forward to the
tongue, which it enters, together with the posterior
part of the hyoglossus. B.'s tubes, round or tubular
cavities opening into the posterior portion of the thyro-
glossal duct; like the latter, they are inconstant after
birth. B.'s valve, a small fold of the lining membrane
of the lacrimal duct, near the punctum lacrimale.

Bock's pharyngeal nerve [August Carl Bock,
German anatomist, 1782-1833]. The posterior
efferent (pterygopalatine) branch of the spheno-
palatine ganglion.

Bockhart's impetigo. Epidermic abscesses caused
by pyogenic micrococci.

bodik. A Malay liquor made from rice.

Bodo (bo' -do) [L.]. A genus of flagellate protozoa.
B. saltans has been reported as living in great numbers
in unhealthy ulcerations. B. urinarius has been
found in the urine of cholera-patients.

body (bod'-e) [AS., bodig]. 1. The animal frame
with its organs. 2. A cadaver or corpse. 3- The
important and largest part of an organ, as the
body of the uterus. See also corpus and corpora.
4. A mass of matter, b., alloxur. See alloxur.
bodies, amylaceous, b., amyloid, a term applied by
Virchow (1856) to bodies found in the central nervous
system of adults and young persons dying of various
diseases (not alone of diseases of the nervous system).
They are concentrically striated, stain deep brown
with Lugol's solution, blue with iodine and sulphuric
acid, and give the characteristic amyloid color with
the aniline stains, b., antiimmune, a substance
held by Ehrlich in his lateral-chain theory to enter
into the composition of an antihemolysin (q. v.).
Cf . anticomplement. bodies, bigeminal. See corpora
quadrigemina. b.-cavity, the space contained within
the thoracic and abdominal walls, b., central.
1. The nucleus. 2. In the plural, peculiar corpuscles
which are permanently present near the nucleus in
protoplasm during cell-division, bodies, chromatin,
bodies of various forms found in the reticulum of a cell
undergoing mitosis, bodies, direction, b., directive,
the minute abortive cells extruded by the egg-cell as
the final phenomenon in the process of maturation;
polar bodies, b., immune, a name given by Pfeiffer to
one of the two substances of a hemolytic serum. It is
thermostabile and has two affinities, a stronger one for
the red blood-cell and a weaker one for the comple-
ment. Having two uniting processes, it is an ambo-

BOECK'S DISEASE

151

BONE

ceptor. b., inclusion, a nucleoid, b., intermediary,
b., intermediate. See b., immune and amboceptor.
bodies, katalytic, the ferments, b.-louse. See
under pediculus. bodies, melon-seed, bits of fibrin,
cartilage, or of tuberculous or syphilitic granulation
tissue, found in enlarged bursae and ganglia, bodies,
metachromatic, small granules in bacterial cells
staining differently from the surrounding cytoplasm.
bodies, parenchymal, the lobules of the lacrimal
gland, b., perineal, the tissues between the vulva
and anus, b., pituitary. See pituitary, b.-sarcode,
the protoplasm of the cell-body, bodies, semilunar.
See cells, demilune.

Boeck's disease (bek) [Carl Wilhelm Boeck, Nor-
wegian physician, 1808-1875]. Sarcoid tumor of the
skin. B.'s lotion, for dry, itching, inflammatory
diseases. Talc and starch, each, 50; glycerol, 20;
lead-water, 100. The bottle to be well shaken; the
lotion diluted with twice the volume of water and
applied with a brush. B.'s scabies, scabies crustosa;
Norwegian itch.

Boedeker's reaction for albumin (bo'-dek-er).
Treat the liquid with acetic acid and add a solution
of potassium ferrocyanide drop by drop. White
precipitate of albumin will be formed.

Boerhaave's glands (bor'-hav) [Hermann Boerhaave,
Dutch physician, 1668-1738]. The sudoriparous
glands. The convoluted glands in the skin that
secrete the sweat.

Boernstein's test for saccharin. Extract the sub-
stance to be tested with ether; remove the ether and
heat with resorcinol and sulphuric acid and next add
an excess of soda solution. In the presence of
saccharin a strong fluorescence is produced. Ac-
cording to Hooker, other substances, e. g., succinic
acid, also produce this reaction.

Boettcher's cells (bet'-kher) [Arthur Boettcher,
German anatomist, 1831-1889]. Dark-colored cells,
with a basally situated nucleus, found between
Claudius' cells. B.'s crystals. See crystals, spermin.

Boettcher-Cotugno's space (ko-tun'-yo). The
endolymphatic sac of the internal ear.

Boettger's test for dextrose (bet'-ger) [Wilhelm
Carl Boettger, German chemist, 1871- ]. Take
5 Gm. of basic bismuth nitrate, 5 Gm. of tartaric
acid, and 30 Cc. of distilled water. Add to this slowly
a strong solution of sodium hydroxide, stirring con-
tinually until a clear solution is obtained. To a
small quantity of this add some solution of dextrose
and boil. A black precipitate of metallic bismuth
is formed. Or the test may be performed in this
way: Add some solid bismuth subnitrate to the liquid
already rendered alkaline with sodium carbonate or
potassium and boil. The existence of dextrose will
be evinced by the darkening of the bismuth salt or a
black precipitate.

Bogg's sign. In hypertrophy of the thymus: an
upward shifting of the lower level of percussion
duiness when the "seated" subject's head is extended
backwards towards the spine.

Bogros' space (bog'-ro) [Jean Annet Bogros,
French anatomist, 1786-1825]. A space between
the peritoneum above and the fascia transversalis
below, in which the lower portion of the external
iliac artery can be reached without wounding the
peritoneum.

Bogrow's fibers (bog'-ro). A tract of nerve-fibers
passing from the optic tract to the optic thalamus.

boil (boil) [Mod. E., boile]. A furuncle; a localized
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous connec-
tive tissue attended by the formation of pus. See
furunculus. b., Aleppo, b., Delhi, a peculiar ulcera-
tive affection endemic in India, due to a specific
microorganism. See furunculus orientalis. b., blind,
one of brief continuance and not attended by the
formation of a core.

boiled oil. Linseed oil that has been heated to a
high temperature (1300 C. and upward), while a
current of air is passed through or over the oil, and
the temperature increased until the oil begins to
effervesce from evolution of products of decomposition.

boilermakers' deafness. See deafness, boiler-
makers'.

boiling [ME., boilen, to stir]. The vaporization of a
liquid when it gives off vapor having the same
tension as the surrounding air. b. point, the tem-
perature at which a liquid begins to boil.

bolbomelanosis (bol-bo-mel-an-o' -sis) [Po\@6s, a
bulb; neXavufia, blackness]. The process of forma-
tion of a melanoma.

boldine (bol'-din). See under boldus.

boldo (bol'-do). See boldus.

boldoglucin. An aromatic glucoside obtained from
Peumus boldus and other species. It is a hypnotic
in doses of 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.).

boldus (bol'-dus) [L.]. Boldo. The leaves and
stems of an evergreen, Peumus boldus, native to
Chili, sometimes used in anemia and general debility
as a substitute for quinine. It contains a bitter
alkaloid, boldine, a hypnotic in doses of 3 gr. (0.2
Gm.). Dose of the fluidexlract, 1-4 min. (0.065-
0.26 Cc.) ; of the tincture, which contains 20 % of the
drug, 5-8 min. (0.32-0.52 Cc).

bole (bol) [/3wXos, a clod of earth]. A translucent,
soft variety of clay formerly much used in medicine —
internally as an astringent, externally as an ab-
sorbent. Several varieties are used, as the Armenian
bole, the Lemnian, and the French bole.

boletiform (bo-let' -e-f or m). Shaped like a mush-
room.

Boletus (bo-le'-tus). A genus of fungi, some species
of which are edible while others are highly poisonous.

Bolognini's sign (bo-lo-ne'-ne). On pressing with
the tips of the fingers of both hands alternately
upon the right and left of the abdomen of a patient
who is lying on his back and whose abdominal
muscles are relaxed by flexion of the thighs, a sen-
sation of friction within the abdomen is perceived;
it is noticed in the early stages of measles.

bolometer (bo-lom'-et-er) [fioX-q, a ray, a throw;
ukrpov, a measure].' A device for measuring minute
differences in radiant heat. Syn., thermic balance.

bolus (bo'-lus) [L.]. 1. A large pill. 2. The rounded
mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing.
3. See bole.

bombus (bom'-bus) [fionflos, a humming sound].
A ringing or buzzing sound in the ears; tinnitus.
Also a sonorous movement or rumbling flatus of
the intestines: borborygmus.

Bond's splint. For fracture of the lower end of
the radius: — A thin, wooden splint, with sole-leather
edges an inch high, and a curved block to rest in the
palm of the hand. A pasteboard splint is used on
the back of the forearm, both reaching from below
the elbow to almost the distal ends of the meta-
carpal bones.

bonducin (bon'-du-sin), C14H15O5. A bitter prin-
ciple from bonducella; a white powder, soluble in
alcohol, chloroform, fats, and oils, used as a febrifuge.
Dose i|-3 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.).

bonduk, bonducella (bon'-duk, bon-du-sel' -ah)
[L.]. Bonduc-seeds. The seeds of Ccesalpinia bondu-
cella, a tropical plant. It is a bitter tonic and anti-
periodic in intermittent fevers. Dose 10-15 gr.
(0.65-0.97 Gm.).

bone (bon) [AS., ban]. A hard tissue that consti-
tutes the framework or skeleton of the body. Bone
usually consists of a compact outer mass covered with
periosteum, surrounding a reticulated inner structure
that incloses a central cavity filled with marrow.
A transverse section of a long bone shows bone-
tissue to be composed of a number of nearly circular
zones, each having a central tube, the Haversian
canal, through which the blood circulates. Sur-
rounding the Haversian canal are concentrically
arranged lamina?, or layers of bone, between which
are found irregular spaces called lacunae, containing
bone-corpuscles and communicating with the Haver-
sian canal and each other by means of canaliculi,
through which the nutrition is conveyed to all parts
of the bone, b.-ache, osteocopic pain, b., ankle-,
the talus or astragalus, b., articular, that element
of the mandible or lower jaw which is formed from
the condylar portion of the cartilaginous rudiment
in Meckel's cartilage. Syn., os articulare; os con-
dyloideum maxilla inferioris. b.-ash, the calcic
phosphate remaining after bones have been inciner-
ated, b., basilar. 1. The sphenoid and occipital
bones regarded as one. 2. The sacrum. 3. The
last lumbar vertebra. 4- The basioccipital bone.
5. The basisphenoid bone in birds, b., cancellated,
b., cancellous, bone consisting chiefly of spongy
tissue, b.-cartilage. See ossein, b.-cell, an osteo-
blast, b., cheek-, the malar bone, b.-chips. See
Senn's bone-plates, b., collar-, the clavicle, b.-
conduction, the transmission of sound-waves to the
auditory nerve by means of sonorous vibrations
communicated to the bones of the skull, b.-cyst,
a tumor distending and thinning bone, and filled
with serum or bloody fluid; in rare cases bone-cysts

BONELET

152

BOROTARTRATE

contain hydatids, b.s, elongated, long bones, like
the ribs, devoid of a medullary cavity, b., endo-
chondral, such true bone as originates from osteo-
blastic centers in fetal cartilage, and not from peri-
osteum, b., epipteric, a small Wormian bone some-
times found between the great wing of the sphenoid
and the anterior inferior angle of the parietal bone.
b., exercise, an ossification in the left arm of soldiers
due to constant pressure of a musket, b., flat, a
bone more or less in the form of a plate, b.-gelatin.
See gelatin, bone-, b., intermaxillary. See mesogna-
thion. b., long, one consisting of a narrow shaft and
two expanded ends, b.s, pneumatic, those containing
many air-cells or air-sacs, b., puboischiadic, b.,
puboischiatic, the os pubis and the ischium taken as
one. b., rider's, an ossification of the lower tendon
of the adductor longus or magnus from pressure.
b., sesamoid. See sesamoid bone. b.-setter, a
specialist at setting bones; usually an uneducated
empiric, and often a pretender to hereditary skill in
the business, b., short, one the three dimensions of
which are approximately equal, b., stirrup. See
stapes, b.s, sutural, the Wormian bones of the
skull, b.s, Wormian, small bones in the sutures of
the skull. See bones, table of, page 153.

bonelet (bon'-let). See ossicle.

boneset. See Eupatorium.

Bonfils' disease. See Hodgkin's disease.

Bonnaire method (bon-air') [ — Bonnaire, French
obstetrician]. A method of bimanual dilatation of
the cervix for rapid artificial delivery.

Bonnet's capsule (bon-a') [Amadee Bonnet, French
surgeon, 1809-1858]. The posterior portion of the
sheath of the eyeball; Tenon's capsule. B.'s posi-
tion, the position assumed by the thigh in coxitis:
flexion, abduction, and outward rotation.

boohoo (boo-hoo') [native S. Pacific]. A kind of
gastritis with slight fever and with great nostalgia
and depression of spirits. It attacks strangers in
some of the Pacific Islands.

Boophilus (bo-off' -il-us) [|8ous, ox; <j>CKeiv, to love].
A genus of cattle-ticks. B. annulatus, the cattle-
tick which carries the piroplasma responsible for
Texas fever (a disease of cattle).

boot, Junod's. See Junod's boot.

boracic acid {bo-ras'-ik). See under boron.

boracil (bo'-ras-il). A preparation composed of
boric acid, benzoic acid, acetanilide, and resorcinol.
It is used as an antiseptic dusting powder.

boracite (bo'-ras-U). Native magnesium borate.

borage (bo' -raj). The plant Borago officinalis, a
demulcent, mild refrigerant and diaphoretic. Dose
of fluidextract, 5 J.

boral (bo'-ral). See aluminum borotartrate.

boralide (bo'-ral-id). A proprietary" wound-
antiseptic said to contain equal parts of boric acid
and acetanilide.

borate (bo' -rat) [Ax., buraq, borax]. Any salt of
boric acid.

borated (bo'-ra-ted). Containing or combined with
borax or boric acid.

borax (bo'-raks). See boron.

borborygmus (bor-bor-ig'-mus) [/3op/3opv7/x6s, a rum-
bling: pi., borborygmi]. A rumbling of the bowels.

Bordeaux emulsion (bor-do). A preparation con-
taining lime 0.3, copper sulphate 1.6, liquid petro-
latum 6.0, and water to 100.

border (bord'-er) [ME.]. In anatomy, the boundary
of an area or surface, b., basal, b., cuticular, b.,
striated. See layer, cuticular. b., bright, the margin
of a ciliated cell, b., vermilion, the line of union of
the mucosa of the lip with the skin.

Bordet's phenomenon (bor'-da) [J. Bordet, Belgian
bacteriologist]. See Pfeiffer's reaction, from which
it differs only in the use of a small quantity of normal
serum instead of fresh peritoneal fluid. B.'s specific
test, for human blood: it is based upon the fact that
the blood-serum of an animal subcutaneously in-
jected with the blood of another animal of a different
species rapidly develops the property of agglutinating
and dissolving the erythrocytes similar to those
injected, but has no effect upon blood derived from
any other source.

Bordier-Fraenkel's sign. See Bell's phenomenon.

boric (bo'-rik). Relating to boron; containing bo-
ron, b. acid. See under boron.

boricin (bo'-ris-in). A proprietary mixture of
borax and boric acid used as an antiseptic.

boride (bo' -rid). A compound of boron with a
radical or element.

borine (bo'-ren). 1. A compound of 1 atom of
boron and 3 atoms or 3 molecules of a univalent
radical. _ 2. A proprietary antiseptic said to contain
boric acid and aromatic stearoptens.

borism (bo'-rizm). Poisoning with boric acid or
borax.

borneene (bor'-ne-en), C10H16. A peculiar volatile
oil, the chief constituent of oil of camphor. It is
isomeric with oil of turpentine and holds in solution
borneol and rosin.

Borneo camphor (bor'-ne-o ham' -for). See borneol.

borneol (bor'-ne-ol) [Borneo]," CioHisO. Borneo
camphor; a substance that occurs in Dryobalanops
camphora, a tree growing in Borneo and Sumatra.
It is _ artificially prepared by treating the alcoholic
solution of common camphor with sodium.

borneyl (bor'-ne-il), C10H14. The radical of
borneol.

bornyval (bor'-ne-val). Isovalerate of borneol;
an aromatic liquid used as a nerve sedative and
antispasmodic. Dose 6 mimims.

boroborax (bo-ro-bo'-raks). A crystalline combi-
nation of borax and boric acid. It is used as an
antiseptic.

borocalcite (bo-ro-kal'-sit). Native calcium borate.

borocarbide (bo-ro-kar' -bid) . A compound of
borax and carbon.

borochloretone (bo-ro-klor'-et-on). A combination
of boric acid and chloretone; used as an antiseptic
dusting powder.

borocitrate (bo-ro-sit'-rat). A compound of both
citric and boric acid with an element or radical.

borofax (bo'-ro-fax). Trade name of an emollient
and sedative preparation containing boric acid.

borofluorin (bo-ro-flu'-or-in). A proprietary anti-
septic and germicide said to contain boric acid,
sodium fluoride, benzoic acid, and formaldehyde.

boroform (bo'-ro-form). A condensation product
of boroglycerin and formaldehyde, used as an anti-
septic.

boroformal, boroformalin (bo-ro-form'-al, bo-ro-
form'-al-in). A proprietary antiseptic said to con-
sist of borosalicylic glycerol, benzoresorcinol, menthol,
thymol, eucalyptol, and formalin.

borogen (bo'-ro-jen). Boric-acid ethyl ester. It is
used by inhalation in diseases of the air-passages.

boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'-er-id). See boroglycerin.

boroglycerin (bo-ro-glis'-er-in). A mixture of boric
acid with glycerol, b., glycerite of (glyceritum boro-
glycerini, U. S. P.), boroglycerin dissolved in glycerol
by heating. Syn., solution of boroglycerin.

boroglycerol (bo-ro-glis'-er-ol). Boroglycerin.

borol (bo'-rol). Borosulphate of sodium or po-
tassium.

borolyptol (bo-ro-lip'-tol). A proprietary internal
and external antiseptic said to contain acetoborq-
glyceride, formaldehyde and the antiseptic consti-
tuents of Pinus pumilio, eucalyptus, myrrh, storax,
and benzoin.

boron (bo'-ron) [Ar., buraq, borax]. B=n;
quantivalence III, V. A nonmetallic element oc-
curring in two allotropic forms — as a powder and
as a crystalline substance. It is the base of boric
acid and of the mineral borax. Boracic or, more
properly, boric acid, H3BO3, is a crystalline substance,
found native in the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It
occurs in white, transparent crystals, soluble in
water and alcohol; it is antiseptic. Dose 5-2 0 gr.
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). Unguentum acidi borici (U. S. P.,
B. P.) contains hard paraffin, 2; soft paraffin, 4;
boric acid, 1 ; it is used as an antiseptic and in dermat-
ology. Borax, Na2B407+ioH20, sodium borate
(more correctly, disodic tetraborate), occurs as
white, transparent crystals, soluble in water, alcohol,
and glycerol; it is used as an antiseptic. Dose 5-40
gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). Glycerinum boracis (B. P.)
contains borax, glycerol, and distilled water; used
as a local application. Mel boracis (B. P.), borax
honey, contains borax, clarified honey, and glycerol
(about 1 in 7) ; used as a local application.

borophenol (bo-ro-fe'-nol). A soluble disinfectant
compound of borax and phenol.

borosalicyl, borsalyl (bo-ro-sal'-is-il, bor'-sal-il).
Sodium borosalicylate.

borosol (bo'-ro-sol). A proprietary liquid used as
a wash for perspiring feet and said to contain alumi-
num tartrate, boric and salicylic acids, glycerin, and
free tartaric acid.

borotartrate (bo-ro-tar'-trat). A combination of
boric and tartaric acids with a base.

BONES

153
TABLE OF BONES.

BONES

Name.

Anvil.
Astragalus.
Atlas [BNA].

Calcaneus [BNA]
(calcaneum) (os
calcis).

Capitatum (os)
[BNA] (os mag-
num).

Carpus [BNA] (ossa
carpi).

Clavicula [BNA]
(clavicle) .

Coccygis (os) [BNA]
(coccyx).

Concha nasalis in-
ferior [BNA] (in-
ferior turbinate
bone) .

Costae [BNA] (ribs).

Principal Features.

Coxae (os) [BNA]
(innominate bone;
os innominatum).

See Incus.

See Talus.

First cervical vertebra ;
ring-like; anterior and
posterior arches and
tubercles; articular sur-
faces.

See Epistropheus.

The heel bone ; irregularly
cuboid; lesser process
[sustentaculum tali] ,
greater process, peroneal
ridge or spine, superior
groove articular surfaces.

Largest bone of carpus;
occupies center of wrist;
head, neck, body; short
bone.

Consists of os naviculare
manus, os lunatum, os
triquetrum, os pisiforme,
os multangulum majus,
os multangulum minus,
os capitatum, os hama-
tum. See inidvidual
bones.

Collar-bone, resembles the
italic "/"',' conoid tuber-
cle, deltoid tubercle, ob-
lique line.

The last bone of the verte-
bral column; resembles a
cuckoo's beak; usually
composed of four small
segments: base, apex,
cornua.

Situated on the outer wall
of the nasal fossa; irregu-
lar bone.

Twelve in number on each
side; shaft, head, neck,
tuberosity, angle (an-
terior and posterior),
anterior or sternal ex-
tremity; first, second,
tenth, eleventh and
twelfth are peculiar;
flat bones.

Large, 3 parts; flat bone;
with its fellow and
sacrum and occcyx forms
pelvis.

Ilium — superior broad ex-
panded portion, crest,
superior, middle, and in-
ferior curved lines ilio-
pectineal line, venter,
auricular surface, anter-
ior and posterior, su-
perior and inferior spin-
ous processes, f (about)
of acetabulum.

Ischium — lower and back
portion, body, tuberosity
and ramus, spine, greater
and lesser sacrosciatic
notches, external and
internal lips of tuber-
osity, lower boundary
of obturator foramen,
I (about) of acetabulum.

Articulations and
Variety.

Occipital bone — double ar-

throdia.
Epistropheus, four joints—

diar throdia rotatoria and

double arthrodia.

Astragalus, )

Cuboid, >■ arthrodia.

Scaphoid, J

!ehc£3dlMetacarpal-

Sternum,

SaX^ofl- -

first rib,
Sacrum — amphi arthrodia.

Ethmoid,

Maxilla, vsynar-

Lacrimal, I throdia.

Os palatinum,.
Vertebrae — arthrodia.

f First rib — syn-

c, „ arthrodia.

Sternum,-, 0thers_flr.

I throdia.

f With its fellow of "I synar-
J opposite side, Vthro-
| Sacrum, j dia.

I Femur — enarthrodia.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Longus colli {tubercle), rectus
capitis posticus minor {spin-
ous process).

Tibialis posticus, tendo Achil-
lis, plantar is, abductor pol-
licis, abductor minimi digiti,
flexor brevis digitorum, flexor
accessorius, extensor brevis
digitorum.

Flexor brevis poll ic is (part).

Sternomastoid, trapezius, pec-
toral is major, deltoid, sub-
clavius, sternohyoid, platys-
ma.

Coccygeus, gluteus maximus,
extensor coccygis, sphincter
ani, levator ani.

None.

Internal and external intercos-
tals, scalenus anticus, medius
and posticus, pectoral is min-
or, serratus magnus, obliquus
externus, transversalis, quad-
ratus lumborum, diaphragm,
latissimus dorsi, serratus pos-
ticus superior and inferior,
sacrolumbalis, musculus ac-
cessorius ad sacrolumbalem,
longissimus dorsi, cervicalis
ascendens, levatores costar-
um, infracostales.

Ilium — tensor vaginae femoris,
external oblique, latissimus
dorsi, iliacus, transversalis,
quadratus lumborum, erector
spinae, internal oblique, glu-
teus maximus, medius, and
minimus, rectus, pyriformis,
multifidus spinae, sartorius.

Ischium — obturator externus
and internus, gracilis, levator
ani, gemelli superior and in-
ferior coccygeus, biceps,
semitendinosus, semimem-
branosus, quadratus femoris,
adductor magnus, transver-
sa perinei, erector penis.

* The abbreviation [BNA] used throughout this table indicates that the term is in accordance with the
Basle anatomical nomenclature.

BONES

154

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.)

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and
Variety.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Coxae (continued).

Pubis — body, horizontal

Pubis — internal and external

ramus, descending ra-

oblique, transversal is, rectus,

mus, spine, iliopectineal

pyramidalis, psoas parvus,

line, angle, symphysis,

pectineus, adductor magnus,

obturator foramen (up-

longus, and brevis, gracilis,

i

per boundary), \ of

external and internal obtur-

acetabulum.

ator, levator ani, compressor
urethrae, accelerator urinae.

Cranium BNA]..

Occipital, parietal (two),
frontal, temporal (two),
sphenoid, ethmoid. See
individual bones.

Cuboideum (os)

Somewhat pyramidal;

Os calcis,

Flexor brevis pollicis.

[BNA] (cuboid).

tuberosity.

External cunei-
form,

Fourth and fifth
metatarsal
bones,

arthro-
dia.

Cuneiform (of car-
pus).
Cuneiforme (os)

See Triquetrum (os).

Irregularly wedge-shaped ;

Os naviculare

Tibialis anticus and posticus.

primum [BNA]

the largest of the three.

pedis,

(internal cunei-

Cuneiforme se-

avtltYO-

form).

cundum,

dia.

First and second

metatarsal

bones,

Cuneiforme (os)

Wed ge-shaped ; smallest

Os naviculare

Tibialis posticus.

secundum [BNA]

of the three.

pedis,

(middle cunei-

Cuneiforme pri-

form).

mum,

Cuneiforme ter-
tium,

Second metatar-
sal,

arthro-
' dia.

Cuneiforme (os)

Wedge-shaped.

Os naviculare

Tibialis posticus, flexor brevis

tertium [BNA]

pedis,

pollicis.

(external cunei-

Cuneiforme se-

form).

cundum,
Os cuboideum,

arlhro-
' dia.

Second, third.

and fourth

metatarsal

bones,

Epistropheus [BNA]

Second cervical vertebra;

First cervical vertebra —

Longus colli, check ligaments

(axis).

body, odontoid process,

diarthrodia rotatoria and

pedicles, laminae, spin-

double arthrodia.

ous process, transverse

Third cervical vertebra —

processes, articular sur-

double arthrodia.

faces'.

Ethmoidale (os)

Irregularly cubic; situated

Os sphenoidale ,

None.

[BNA] (ethmoid).

at anterior part of base
of skull; horizontal or
cribriform plate, perpen-

Two sphenoid —

turbinated,
Frontal,

dicular plate, two lateral

Two nasal,

synar-

masses, crista galli.

Two maxillary,
Two lacrimal,
Ossa palatinum,
Conchee nasalis

inferior,
Vomer,

> thro-
dia.

Femur [BNA].

Cylindrical; longest, larg-

Os coxae — enarthrodia.

Gluteus medius, gluteus mini-

est, and strongest bone in

Tibia — ginglymus.

mus, pyriformis, obturator

the body; shaft and two

Patella — arthrodia.

internus, obturator externus,

extremities, head, neck,

gemellus superior, gemellus

greater and lesser tro-

inferior, quadratus femoris,

chanters, linea aspera,

psoas magnus, iliacus, vastus

condyles; a long bone.

externus, gluteus maximus,
short head of the biceps,
vastus internus, adductor
magnus, pectineus, adductor
brevis, adductor longus, cru-
reus, subcrureus, gastrocne-
mius, plantaris, popliteus.

Fibula [BNA].

Long bone; shaft, upper

Tibia — arthrodia.

Biceps, soleus, peroneus lon-

extremity or head, lower

Talus, with the tibia and

gus, extensor longus digi-

extremity or external

fibula — ginglymus.

torum, peroneus tertius, ex-

malleolus.

tensor proprius pollicis, tibi-
alis posticus, flexor longus

pollicis, peroneus brevis.

BONES

155

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.)

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and
Variety.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Foot.

Composed of tarsus, meta-
tarsus, and phalanges
(q. v.).

Frontale (os) [BNA]

The forehead bone; a flat

Two parietal,

Corrugator supercilii, orbicu-

(frontal).

bone; a frontal portion

Sphenoid,

laris palpebrarum, and tem-

and an orbitonasal por-

Ethmoid,

synar-

poral on each side.

tion; frontal eminences,

Two nasal,

. thro-

superciliary ridges, sup-

Two maxillary,

dia.

raorbital arches, supra-

Two lacrimal,

orbital notches or fora-

Ossa zygomatica, .

mina, internal and ex-

ternal angular processes,

temporal ridges, nasal

notch, nasal spine, nasal

*

eminence or glabella.

Hamatum (os)

Wedge-shaped; hook-like

Os lunatum, 1

Flexor brevis minimi digiti

[BNA] (unciform).

process; in lower row of

Fourth and fifth atho_

flexor ossis metacarpi minimi

carpus; short bone.

metacarpal, } an?f°
Os triquetrum,

digiti, anterior annular liga-

ment.

Os capitatum, J

Hand.

Composed of carpus, meta-
carpus, and phalanges
(ff. v.).

Largest bone of upper ex-

Humerus [BNA].

Scapula (glenoid cavity) —

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus,

tremity; long bone; a

enarthrodia.

teres minor, subscapularis,

shaft and two extremi-

Radius, } Singlymus.

pectoralis major, latissimus

ties. Upper extremity

dorsi, deltoid, coracobrachi-

presents a head, neck,

alis, brachialis anticus, tri-

and greater and lesser

ceps, subanconeus, pronator

tuberosities. Lower ex-

radii teres, flexor carpi radi-

tremity, trochlea, olecra-

alis, palmaris longus, flexor

non fossa, coronoid fossa,

digitorum sublimis, flexor

external and internal

carpi ulnaris, supinator lon-

condyles, supratrochlear

gus, extensor carpi radialis

foramen, supracondyloid

longior, extensor carpi radi-

ridges.

alis brevior, extensor com-
munis digitorum, extensor
minimi digiti, extensor carpi
ulnaris, supinator brevis, and
anconeus.

Hyoideum (os)

A bony arch; irregular

None.

Sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omo-

[BNA] (hyoid).

bone; a body, two

hyoid, digastricus, stylohyoid,

greater and two lesser

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genio-

cornua.

hyoglossus, hyoglossus, mid-
dle constrictor of the pharynx.

Ilium (os) [BNA]

See Coxce (os).

(ilium).

Incus [BNA] (anvil).

Resembles a bicuspid

Malleus — arthrodia (trig-

None.

tooth with two roots,

ger-joint) .

body, and two processes.

Stapes — arthrodia.

The largest bone in the

Inferior maxillary.

See Mandibula.

Inferior turbinated.

See Concha nasalis inferior.

Innominate.

See Coxce (os).

Ischii (os) [BNA]

See Coxce (os).

(ischium).

Lacrimale (os)

Small; situated at front

Frontal, "l

Tensor tarsi.

[BNA] (lacrimal).

part of inner wall of

Ethmoid,

orbit; resembles finger-

Superior [ synarthro-

nail; crest, lacrimal

maxillary, ( dia.

groove; flat bone.

Inferior j
turbinated, J

Lingual.

See Hyoideum (os).

Lunatum (os) [BNA]

Upper row of carpus; four

Radius — condyloid.

(semilunar).

surfaces, crescentic out-

Os capitatum, 1

line.

Os hamatum,
Os triquetrum, > arthrodia.
Os naviculare
manus, J

Magnum (os) .

See Capilatum (os).

Malar.

See Zygomaticum (os).

Malleus.

Resembles a hammer;

Incus — arthrodia (trigger-

Tensor tympani.

head, neck, handle or

joint) .

manubrium, processus

gracilis, processus brevis;

irregular. The second

largest bone of the ear.

Mandibula [BNA]

Body and two rami; con-

The two temporal bones —

Levator menti, depressor labii

(inferior maxillary ;

tains the teeth of the

bilateral condyloid — di-

inferioris, depressor angud

mandible).

lower jaw; symphysis, 1 arthrodia.

oris, platysma myoides, buc-

BONES

156

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.)

Name.

Mandibula (contin-
ued).

Maxilla [BNA] (su-
perior maxillary).

Metacarpalia (ossa)
[BNA] (meta-
carpal).

Metatarsalia (ossa)
[BNA] (meta-
tarsal).

Multangulum majus
[BNA] (trape-
zium).

Multangulum minus
[BNA] (trape-
zoid).

Nasale (os) [BNA]
(nasal).

Principal Features.

mental process, mental
foramen, coronoid and
condyloid process, head,
neck, sigmoid notch;
irregular bone.

Forms with its fellow the
whole of the upper jaw;
somewhat cuboidal;
body and malar, nasal,
alveolar and palatine
processes; hollow (the
antrum of Highmore or
maxillary sinus), inci-
sive or myrtiform fossa,
canine fossa, canine emi-
nence, infraorbital fora-
men, posterior dental
canals, maxillary tuber-
osity, posterior palatine
canal, infraorbital
groove; irregular bone.

Five in number; shaft,
base, and head; long
bones.

Five in number; shaft,
base, and head; long
bones.

In lower row of carpus;
very irregular; six sur-
faces, groove; short bone

Smallest bone in second
row of carpus; wedge-
shaped; six surfaces;
short bone.

Oblong; forms with its
fellow the bridge of the
nose; nasal foramen,
spine, crest; fiat bone.

Articulations and
Variety.

Frontal,

Ethmoid,

Nasal,

Os zygomati-

cum,

synar-

Lacrimal,

thro-

Concha nasal is

| dia.

inferior,

Palate,

Fellow of oppo-

site side,

Second row of carpus —
arthrodia.
Phalanges — condyloid.

Tarsus — arthrodia.
Phalanges — condyloid.

Os naviculare

1

manus,

Multangulum

1 arthro-

minus,

| dia.

First and second

metacarpal,

J

Os naviculare "1

manus,

Second metacar-

arthro-

pal,

y dia.

Multangulum

ma] us,

Os capitatum, _,

Frontal,

)

Ethmoid,

1 synar-

Nasal (opposite),

f thro-

Maxillary,

) dia.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

cinator, masseter, orbicularis
oris, geniohyoglossus, genio-
hyoideus, mylohyoideus, di-
gastric, superior constrictor,
temporal, internal pterygoid,
external pterygoid.
Orbicularis palpebrarum, obli-
quus inferior oculi, levator
labii superioris alaeque nasi,
levator labii superioris pro-
prius, levator anguli oris,
compressor nasi, depressor
ala? nasi, dilator naris pos-
terior, masseter, buccinator,
internal pterygoid, orbicu-
laris oris.

To the thumb — flexor and ex-
tensor ossis metacarpi pol-
licis, first dorsal interosseous.

Second metacarpal bone — flexor
carpi radialis, extensor carpi
radialis longior, first and sec-
ond dorsal interosseous, first
palmar interosseous, flexor
brevis pollieis (frequently).

Third metacarpal — extensor
carpi radialis brevior, flexor
brevis pollieis, adductor pol-
lieis, second and third dorsai
interosseous.

Fourth metacarpal — third and
fourth dorsal and second
palmar interosseous.

Fifth metacarpal — extensor
carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi
ulnaris, flexor ossis metacarpi
minimi digiti, fourth dorsal
and third palmar interos-
seous.

First — tibialis anticus (part),
peroneus longus, first dorsal
interosseous.

Second — adductor pollieis, first
and second dorsal interos-
seous, tibialis posticus (part).

Third — adductor pollieis, se-
cond and third dorsal and
first plantar interosseous,
tibialis posticus (part).

Fourth — adductor pollieis,
third and fourth dorsal and
second plantar interosseous,
tibialis posticus (part).

Fifth — peroneus brevis, pero-
neus tertius, flexor brevis
minimi digiti, transversus
pedis, fourth dorsal, and
third plantar interosseous.

Adductor pollieis, flexor ossis
metacarpi pollieis, flexor bre-
vis pollieis (part).

Flexor brevis pollieis (part).

BONES

157

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.)

Name.

Naviculare (os)
manus [BNA]
(scaphoid of wrist).

Naviculare (os) pedis
[BNA] (scaphoid
of ankle).

Occipitale (os) [BNA1
(occipital).

Palatinum (os)
[BNA] (palate).

Parietale (os) [BNA]
(parietal) .

Patella [BNA].

Pelvis.

Phalanges digitorum
pedis [BNA] (phal-
anges of foot).

Principal Features.

Largest bone of first row;
boat-shaped; upper and
outer part of carpus; four
surfaces; tubercle; short
bone.

Or navicular bone; boat-
shaped; inner side of
tarsus, four surfaces,
tuberosity; short bone.

Back part and base of
cranium; trapezoid in
shape; outer and inner
tables; external protub-
erance, external occipital
crest, superior and in-
ferior curved lines, fora-
men magnum, condyles,
jugular process, anterior
and posterior condyloid
foramina, basilar pro-
cess, pharyngeal spine,
4 fossae on internal sur-
face, internal occipital
protuberance and crest,
grooves for the cerebral
sinuses, torcular hero-
phili, jugular foramen;
flat bone.

Back part of nasal fossa;
helps to form floor and
outer wall of nose, the
roof of mouth and floor
of orbit, also spheno-
maxillary and pterygoid
fossae and the spheno-
maxillary fissure ; L-
shaped; inferior or hori-
zontal plate, superior or
vertical plate, posterior
palatine canal, posterior
spine, inferior and su-
perior turbinated crests,
maxillary process, ptery-
goid process, accessory
descending palatine ca-
nals, orbital process,
sphenoid process, sphe-
nopalatine foramen.

Form sides and roof of
skull; irregular, quadri-
lateral; two surfaces,
four borders, four angles,
parietal eminence, tem-
poral ridge, parietal fora-
men, furrows for cerebral
sinuses, depressions for
Pacchionian bodies; flat
bone.

Flat; triangular sesamoid;
anterior part of knee-
joint; two surfaces, three
borders, apex; flat bone.

Composed of two ossa
coxae, os sacrum, and os
coccygis (q. v.).

Two of great toe, three of
each of the others ; shaft,
base, head; long bones.

Articulations and
Variety.

Rad ius — condyloid

Multangulum -»
majus,

Multangulum
minus, j

Os capitatum,

Os lunatum,

Talus,

Cuneiform
(three),

Cuboid (occa-
sionally),

Parietal (two),

Temporal (two)

Sphenoid,

arthro-
dia.

arthro-
dia.

) synar-
> thro-
) dia.

Atlas — double arthrodia.

Sphenoid,
Ethmoid,
Maxillary,
Concha nasal is

inferior,
Vomer,
Opposite palate, ,

synar-
thro-
dia.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

External lateral ligament of
wrist.

Tibialis posticus (part).

Twelve pairs — occipitofron-
talis, trapezius, sternomas-
toid, complexus, biventer
cervicis, splenius capitis, su-
perior oblique, rectus capitis
posticus, major and minor,
rectus lateralis, rectus capitis
anticus, major and minor,
superior constrictor of the
pharynx.

Tensor palati, azygos uvulae,
internal and external ptery-
goid, superior constrictor of
pharynx.

Temporal.

Opposite pari-
etal

Occipital, l*yj£-

Frontal, f *">"

Temporal,
Sphenoid,

Condyles of femur — partly Rectus, crureus, vastus in-
arthrodial. tern us, vastus externus.

First row with metatarsal

and second phalanges —

condyloid.
Second of great

toe with first

phalanx; o f

other toes, with I gingly-

first and third | mus.

phalanges,
Third row with

second row,

First — great toe — inner tendon

extensor brevis digitorum,

abductor pollicis, adductor

pollicis, flexor brevis pollicis,

transversus pedis.
Second toe — first and second

dorsal interosseous, first lum-

brical.
Third toe — third dorsal and

first plantar interosseous,

second lumbrical.
Fourth toe — fourth dorsal and

second plantar interosseous,

third lumbrical.

BONES

158

BONES

TABLE OF BONES— (Continued.)

Name.

Phalanges digitorum
pedis (continued).

Phalanges digitorum
manus [BNA]
(phalanges of
hand).

Pisiforme (os) [BNA]
(pisiform).

Pubis.

Pyramidale (os).
Radius [BNA].

Ribs.

Sacrum (os) [BNA].

Scaphoid of carpus.

Scaphoid of tarsus.
Scapula [BNA].

Principal Features.

Fourteen in number,
three for each finger
and two for thumb;
shaft, head, base; long
bones.

Anterior and inner side of
carpus; small; spherical;
one articular facet; short
bone.

See Coxm (os).

See Triquetrum (os).

Outer side of forearm;
shaft, head, neck, tuber-
osity, lower extremity,
oblique line, sigmoid
cavity, styloid process.

See Costa.

Large triangular bone at
lower part of vertebral
column and upper and
back part of pelvic
cavity; composed of five
vertebrae; base, pro-
montory, four surfaces,
apex, central canal, an-
terior and posterior sa-
cral foramina, lateral
masses, laminae, articu-
lar processes, sacral
cornua, transverse pro-
cesses, sacral groove,
ala; irregular bone.

See Naviculare (os) ma-
nus.

See Naviculare (os) pedis.

Back part of shoulder;
triangular; posterior as-
pect and side of thorax;
two surfaces, three bor-
ders, three angles, sub-

Articulations and
Variety.

First row with metacarpal
bones and second row of
phalanges — -condyloid.

Second row with"!
first and third I -z
rows, Y mu*

Third row with mus-
second row, J

Os triquetrum — arthrodia.

Humerus — ginglymus.
( superior — diar-
I throdia rotatoria.
middle — membran-
ous.

I inferior — diarthro-
[ dia rotatoria.
Os lunatum — condyloid.

Ulna,

Last lumbar

vertebra,
Coccyx,
Ossa coxae
(two),

_ amphi-
arthrodia.

Humerus — enarthrodia.
Clavicle — arthrodia.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Fifth toe — flexor brevis minimi
digiti, abductor minimi digiti,
third plantar interosseous,
fourth lumbrical.

Second — great toe — extensor
longus pollicis, flexor, longus
pollicis.

Other toes — flexor brevis digi-
torum, one slip of common
tendon of extensor longus
and brevis digitorum.

Third — two slips from the
common tendon of the ex-
tensor longus and extensor
brevis digitorum, and flexor
longus digitorum.

Thumb — extensor primi inter-
nodii pollicis, flexor brevis
pollicis, . abductor pollicis,
adductor pollicis, flexor lon-
gus pollicis, extensor secundi
internodii.

First — index-finger — first dor-
sal and first palmar inter-
osseous.

Middle finger — second and
third dorsal interosseous."

Ring finger — fourth dorsal and
second palmar interosseous.

Little finger — third palmar in-
terosseous, flexor brevis mini-
mi digiti, abductor minimi
digiti.

Second — to all — flexor sublimis
digitorum and extensor com-
munis digitorum; in addition.

To index-finger — extensor in-
dicis.

To little finger — extensor mini-
mi digiti.

Third — flexor profundus digi-
torum, extensor communis
digitorum.

Flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor
minimi digiti, anterior annu-
lar ligament.

Biceps, supinator brevis, flexor
sublimis digitorum, flexor
longus pollicis, pronator
quadratus, extensor ossis
metacarpi pollicis, extensor
primi internodii pollicis,
pronator radii teres, supina-
tor longus.

Pyriformis, coccygeus, iliacus,
gluteus maximus, latissimus
dorsi, multifidus spinae, erec-
tor spinae, extensor coccygis.

Subscapularis, supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, trapezius, del-
toid, omohyoid, serratus
magnus, levator anguli sca-
pulae, rhomboideus major

BONES

159

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.)

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and
Variety.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Scapula (continued).

Semilunar.
Sesamoid [BNA].

Sphenoidale (os)
[BNA] (sphenoid).

Sphenoid turbinated
or sphenoid
spongy bones.

Stapes [BNA].

Sternum [BNA].

Superior maxillary.
Talus [BNA] (astra-
galus).

Tarsus [BNA]
(ankle).

Temporale (os)

[BNA] (temporal).

scapular fossa, subsca-
pular angle, dorsum,
spine, supraspinous and
infraspinous fossae, acro-
mion process, glenoid
cavity, neck, head, cora-
coid process; flat bone.

See Lunatum (os).

Small, rounded masses,
cartilaginous in early
life, osseous in the adult;
developed in tendons;
inconstant, except patel-
lae.

Anterior part of base of
skull; bat-shaped, with
wings extended; body,
two greater and two
lesser wings, two ptery-
goid processes, ethmoid
spine, optic groove, optic
foramen, olivary pro-
cess, pituitary fossa, an-
terior, middle, and pos-
terior clinoid processes,
sella turcica, carotid or
cavernous groove, lin-
gula, ethmoid crest,
sphenoid cells or sinuses,
sphenoid turbinated

bones, rostrum, vaginal
processes, pterygopala-
tine canal, spinous pro-
cesses, round foramen,
oval foramen, foramen
Vesalii, foramen spino-
sum, pterygoid ridge,
external orbital fora-
mens, Vidian canal,
pterygoid fossa, internal
and external pterygoid
plates, hamular process,
scaphoid fossa.

Situated at anterior and
inferior part of body of
sphenoid; exist as separ-
ate pieces until puberty
and occasionally are not
joined in the adult.

Resembles a stirrup; one
of the ossicles of the
tympanum; head, neck,
two branches (crura) ,
base; irregular bone.

The breast-bone ; manu-
brium, gladiolus, ensi-
form cartilage, or first,
second, and third pieces,
anterior and posterior
surface, borders.

All the bones of ]

cranium, synar-

Malar (two), > thro-
Palate (two), dia.

Vomer, J

and minor, triceps, teres
major and minor, biceps,
coracobrachialis, pectoralis
minor, platysma, latissimus
dorsi.

Temporal, external and in-
ternal pterygoids, superior
constrictor, tensor palati,
levator tympani, levator pal-
pebral, obliquus superior,
superior, inferior, internal
and external recti.

f£™d'} synarthrodia.

Incus — arthrodia.

Clavicles (two) — arthrodia.

Costal cartilages (seven
on each side) first — syn-
arthrodia; others, arthro-
dia.

See Maxilla.

Irregularly cubic; forms j Tibia,
the keystone of arch of I Fibula,

ginglymus.

None.

Stapedius.

Pectoralis major, sternomas-
toid, sternohyoid, sternothy-
roid, triangularis sterni, apo-
neuroses of the obliquus ex-
ternus and internus and trans-
versalis muscles, rectus, dia-
phragm.

Internal and external lateral
ligaments.

foot; head, neck, six Calcaneus

articular surfaces.

Consist of calcaneus, or
os calcis, talus, cuboid,
navicular, internal, mid-
dle, and external cunei-
form. See individual
bones.

Situated at side and base
of skull; squamous, mas-
toid and petrous por-
tions, temporal ridge,
zygoma or zygomatic
process, eminentia ar-
ticularis, glaserian fis-
sure, tubercle, glenoid
fossa, postglenoid pro-

Os naviculare > arthrodia.
pedis, J

Occipital,
Parietal,
Sphenoid,
Inferior maxil-
lary,
Malar,

^synar-
throdia.

Temporal, masseter, occipito-
frontalis, sternomastoid,
splenius capitis, trachelo-
mastoid, digastricus, retra-
hens aurem, stylopharyn-
geus, stylohyoideus, stylo-
glossus, levator palati, tensor
tympani, tensor palati, sta-
pedius.

BONES

160

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.)

Name.

Temporale (contin-
ued).

Tibia [BNA].

Trapezium.
Trapezoid.
Triquetral.
Triquetrum (os)

[BNA] (cuneiform

of carpus).

Turbinate, inferior.
Turbinate, middle.

Turbinate, superior.

Tympanic.
Ulna [BNA].

Unciform.
Vertebra [BNA].

Principal Features.

cess, tympanic plate,
mastoid foramen, digas-
tric fossa, occipital
groove, sigmoid fossa,
mastoid cells, meatus
auditorius externus, hi-
atus Fallopii, meatus
auditorius internus, lam-
ina cribrosa, aquaeduc-
tus vestibuli, styloid
process, stylomastoid
foramen, auricular fis-
sure; irregular bone.

At front and inner side of
leg; next to femur in
length and size; pris-
moid in form; upper
extremity or head, tuber-
osities, spinous process,
tubercle, popliteal notch,
shaft, crest (the shin),
oblique line, internal
malleolus: long bone.

See Multangulum majus.

See Multangulum minus.

See Wormian.

Pyramidal.

See Concha nasalis inferior,

The free convoluted mar-
gin of the thin lamella
that descends from the
under surface of the
cirbriform plate of the
ethmoid bone.

The thin curved plate of
the ethmoid that bounds
the superior meatus of
the nose above.

Includes the incus, mal-
leus, and stapes (q. v.).

Inner side of forearm,
parallel with radius ;
prismatic; shaft and two
extremities, olecranon
process, coronoid pro-
cess, greater and lesser
sigmoid cavities, ob-
lique ridge, perpendicu-
lar line, head or lower
extremity, styloid pro-
cess; long bone.

See Hamatum (os).

Twenty-six; cervical sev-
en, dorsal twelve, lum-
bar five, sacrum (com-
posed of five), coccyx
(composed of four) ; each
has a body and an arch;
latter has two pedicles,
two lamina?, and seven
processes, viz.: four ar-
ticular, two transverse,
one spinous). Peculiar
vertebrae, first, second,
and seventh cervical;
first, ninth, tenth, elev-
enth, and twelfth dorsal,
sacrum, coccyx; irregu-
lar bones.

Articulations and
Variety.

Femur — ginglymus.

{superior — ar-
throdia.
middle— mem-
branous.
inferior — arthro-
dia.
Talus with fibula — gingly-
mus.

Os lunatum, "1
Pisiform, j

Os hamatum, Varthro-
Interarticular dia.

fibrocartilage.J

Humerus — ginglymus.

"superior — diar-
throdia rotato-
ria.

Radius, .J middle — mem-
branous.
inferior — diar-
throdia rotato-

Articulate with each
other, and with occipital
and innominate bones
and ribs (q. v.).

Intervertebral articula-
tions, between the bod-
ies— amphiarthrodia.

Between articular pro-
cesses— arthrodia.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Semimembranosus, tibialis an-
ticus, extensor longus digi-
torum, biceps, sartorius,
gracilis, semitendinosus, tibi-
alis anticus, popliteus, soleus,
flexor longus digitorum, tibi-
alis posticus, ligamentum
patellae.

Triceps, anconeus, flexor carpi
ulnaris, brachialis anticus,
pronator radii teres, flexor
sublimis digitorum, flexor
profundus digitorum, flexor
longus pollicis (occasionally),
pronator quadratus, supi-
nator brevis, extensor ossis,
metacar^i pollicis, extensor
secundi internodii pollicis,
extensor indicis, extensor
carpi ulnaris.

Attachment of muscles. — To
the atlas are attached nine
pairs: the longus colli, rectus
anticus minor, rectus later-
alis, rectus posticus minor,
obliquus superior and in-
ferior, splenius colli, levator
anguli scapulae, and first
intertransverse.

To the axis are attached eleven
pairs: the longus colli, ob-
liquus inferior, rectus posti-
cus major, semispinalis colli,
multifidus spinae, levator
anguli scapulae, splenius colli,
scalenus medius, transvers-
alis colli, intertransversales,
interspinales.

To the remaining vertebrce
generally are attached thirty-
five pairs and a single
muscle : anteriorly, the rectus
anticus major, longus colli,
scalenus anticus, medius, and

BONES

161

BONES

TABLE OF BONES.— {Continued.)

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and
Variety.

Muscular and Ligamentous
Attachments.

Vertebra (continued).

Vomer [BNA].

Wormian.

Zygomaticum (os)
[BNA] (os malae,
the malar or cheek
bone).

Situated vertically at back
part of nasal fossa?;
forms part of septum
of nose; somewhat like a
plowshare; two surfaces
and four borders.

Supernumerary bones; ir-
regular, inconstant, iso-
lated, interposed be-
tween the cranial bones,
most frequently in the
lambdoid suture.

Small; quadrangular; at
upper and outer part of
face; forms prominence
of cheek, part of outer
wall and floor of orbit,
part of temporal and
zygomatic fossae; fron-
tal, orbital, maxillary
and zygomatic processes,
malar foramen, four bor-
ders; irregular bone.

Sphenoid,

Ethmoid,

Superior maxil-
lary (two),

Palate (two),

Cartilage of the
septum.

synar-

■ thro-

dia.

Frontal,
Sphenoid,
Temporal, ,
Maxillary, J

posticus, psoas magnus, psoas
parvus, quadratus lumborum
diaphragm, obliquus internus
and transversalis, posteriorly,
the trapezius, latissimus dor-
si, levator anguli scapula?,
rhomboideus major and min-
or, serratus posticus superior
and inferior, splenius, erector
spinse, sacrolumbalis, longis-
simus dorsi, spinalis dorsi,
cervicalis ascendens, trans-
versalis colli, trachelomas-
toid, complexus, biventer
cervicis, semispinalis dorsi
and colli, multifidus spina?,
rotatores spinae interspinales,
supraspinales, intertransver-
sales, levatores costarum.

■ synarthrodia.

Levator labii superioris pro-
prius, zygomaticus major
and minor, masseter, tem-
poral.

BOROTARTROL

162

BOUGIE

borotartrol (bo-ro-tar'-trol). A mixture of neutral
sodium tartrate and boric acid.

Borsch's bandage (borsh). A bandage specially-
arranged to cover one eye only. See page 126.

Borsieri's line (bor-se-a'-re). In the early stage of
scarlatina, a line drawn on the skin with the finger-
nail leaves a white mark which quickly turns red
and becomes smaller in size.

borsyl (bor'-sil). A proprietary dusting-powder for
perspiring feet, said to consist of borax, boric acid,
talcum, and spermaceti.

boss (bos) [ME., boce]. A wide, more or less circular
protuberance, as on the skull or on a tumor, b.,
parietal. See eminence, parietal, b., Pott's. See
Pott's curvature, b., sanguineous. 1. A swelling due
to a contusion and containing extravasated blood.
2. See caput succedaneum.

bossed (bosd). Having a prominent center on a
circular flat surface.

bosselated (bos'-el-a-ted) [boss]. Covered with
bosses or small nodules.

Bostock's catarrh (bos'-tok) [John Bostock, English
physician, 1773-1846]. Hay-fever.

Boston's reaction for Bence- Jones' albumose.
It depends upon the presence in the albumose of
loosely combined sulphur: (1) 15 to 20 Cc. of filtered
urine are placed in a test-tube and to it an equal
quantity of saturated solution of sodium chloride is
added, and the whole shaken; (2) 2 or 3 Cc. of a 30 %
solution of caustic soda are now added and shaken
vigorously; (3) the upper one-fourth of the column
of liquid is gradually heated over the flame of a
Bunsen burner to the boiling-point, whereupon a
solution of lead acetate (10 %) is added, drop by
drop, boiling the upper previously heated stratum
of liquid after each additional drop; (4) when the
drop of lead acetate comes in contact with the liquid,
a copious pearly or cream-colored cloud appears at
the surface, which becomes less dense as the boiling-
point is reached; and when boiling is prolonged for
one-half to one minute, the upper stratum shows a
slight browning, which deepens to a dull black.
This lessens in intensity toward the bottom of the
tube. After standing the reaction becomes intensi-
fied, and a black precipitate falls through the clear
liquid and collects at the bottom of the tube.

bostryx (bos'-triks) [/36<rrpi>x°J. a curl]. In biology,
a helicoid cyme.

bot (bot) [botus, a belly-worm]. The larva of
certain species of flies of the genus CEstrus, which are
conveyed into the stomach of man, where they hatch.
Also the threadworm, Oxyuris vermicularis.

Botal's duct, Botallo, duct of (bo'-tal, io-tal'-o)
[Leonardo Botallo, Italian anatomist, 1530- ].
Ductus arteriosus Botalli. A short vessel in the
fetus between the main pulmonary artery and the
aorta. B., foramen of, the foramen ovale in the
interauricular septum of the fetal heart. B., liga-
ment of, the remains of Botal's duct.

botalismus (bot-al-iz'-mus) . See botulism.

botanic (bo-tan'-ik) [fioravr), an herb]. Pertaining
to botany, b. physician, a title assumed by certain
persons who profess to use only vegetable remedies.
See eclectic.

botany (bot'-an-e) [fforavrj, an herb]. The science
of plants — their classification and structure.

bothrenchyma (both-ren'-ke-mah) [fiodpiov, a pit;
iyxetiv, to pour in]. Pitted tissue.

bothria (both'-re-ah) [L.]. Plural of bothrion, or of
bothrium.

Bothriocephalus (both-fe-o-sef '-al-us) [bothrion;
Ke<f>a\r), a head]. A genus of tape-worms. B. latus,
the fish tape-worm, a common parasite of man in
certain European localities. It may reach 25 feet
in length, with a breadth of three-fourths of an inch.
Syn., Dibothrium latum; Tcenia lata.

bothrioid (both'-re-oid) [bothrion; elSos, likeness].
Pitted; foveolated; covered with pit-like markings.

bothrion (both'-re-on) [fioOplov, a pit]. 1. A small
cavity; the socket of a tooth. 2. A facet, or fosset,
such as is seen upon the head of most of the tape-
worms. 3- A deep corneal ulcer.

bothrium (both'-re-um). See bothrion.

botryoid (bot'-re-oid) fj96rpus, a bunch of grapes;
€"5os, likeness]. Resembling in shape a bunch of
grapes.

Botryomyces (bot-re-o-mi'-sez) [fiorpvs, a bunch of
grapes; /iukjjs, a fungus; pi., botryomyceles]. A general
term for those fungi which occur in grape-like clusters.
B. equi, the specific microorganism of botriomycosis.

botryomycoma (bot-re-o-mi-ko'-mah) [06rpvs, a
bunch of grapes; y-vK-qs, a fungus]. A tumor occurring
in animals or persons affected with botryomycosis.

botryomycosis (bot-re-o-mi-ko'-sis) [see Botry-
omyces], A disease of horses in which fibromatous
nodules form in the lungs. It is supposed to be
caused by a microorganism called Botryomyces;
it is communicable to man.

botryomycotic (bot-re-o-mi-kot'-ik) . Relating to or
affected with botryomycosis.

botryophyma (bot-re-o-fi'-mah) [Porpvs, a bunch of
grapes; <j>vp,a, a growth]. A vascular, fungus-like
growth from the skin. b. cseruleum, a form having
a blue coloration, b. rubrum, a form having a red
color.

botryotherapy (bot-re-o-ther'-a-pe) [pdrpvs, a bunch
of grapes; depawevtiv, to heal]. The grape-cure;
treatment by an almost exclusive diet of grapes.

Botrytis (bot-ri'-tis) [fiorpvs, a bunch of grapes].
A genus of fungi. B. bassiane, a mold causing
muscardine, a disease of silkworms.

Bottcher's cells, B.'s crystals. See under Boettcher.

Bottger's test. See Boettger's test.

Bottini's operation (bot-te'-ne) [Enrico Bottini,
Italian surgeon, 1837-1903]. For enlarged prostate
gland; a fresh channel is bored through the substance
of the gland by means of the galvano-cautery.

bottle (bot'-l) [ME., botel; Fr., bouteille]. A vessel,
usually of glass, with a narrow neck, b., feeding,
a fiat flask with a nipple of India-rubber attached,
used for feeding infants, b. nose, a common name
for Acne rosacea, b., specific gravity, a Florence flask
graduated to contain 500-1000 grains of water, with
the weight of which an equal volume of any other
liquid may be compared, b.-stoop, in pharmacy,
a block so grooved that it serves to hold a wide-
mouthed bottle in an oblique position while a powder
is being dispensed from it. b.-wax, a hard, stiff
variety of wax used in sealing bottles.

botulin (bot'-u-lin). See botulismotoxin.

botulism, botulismus (bot'-u-lizm, bot-u-liz'-mus)
[botulus, a sausage]. Sausage-poisoning.

botulismotoxin (bot-u-liz-mo-toks'-in). A toxic
albumose of poisonous meat produced by Bacillus
botulinus, van Ermengem. Syn., botulin; botulinic
acid.

Bouchard's coefficient (boo-shar) [Charles Jacques
Bouchard, French physician, 1837- ]. The ratio
existing between the amount of urea and the sum-
total of the solids in the urine — approximately 50.
B.'s disease, dilation of the stomach due to deficient
function of the gastric muscular fibers. B.'s nodosi-
ties, enlargement of the second phalangeal joints
of the fingers, associated with dilation of the stomach.
B.'s treatment of obesity, a daily diet of 1250 Gm.
of milk and 5 eggs divided into 5 meals.

Bouchardat's test (boo-shar-dah') [Apollinaire
Bouchardat, French chemist, 1 806-1 886]. For
alkaloids. — When potassium triiodide is added to
any alkaloid in solution a brown precipitate results;
this latter is soluble in alcohol.

Bouchut's tubes (boo-shoo') [Jean Eugene Bouchut,
French physician, 1818-1891]. A variety of tubes
for intubation of the larynx. ,

Boudin's law (boo-dan') [Jean Christian Marc
Frangois Joseph Boudin, French physician, 1806-
1867]. The poisons of malaria and tuberculosis are
antagonistic. This law is not founded upon fact.

Bougard's paste (boo-gar') [Jean Joseph Bougard,
French physician, 1815-1884]. A caustic paste
containing mercury bichloride, zinc chloride, arsenic,
cinnabar, starch, and wheat-flour.

bougie (boo-zhe') [Fr., "a candle"]. 1. A slender
cylindric instrument made of waxed silk, catgut,
etc., for introduction into the urethra or other passage,
for the purpose of dilation, exploration, etc. 2. A
suppository, b. a boule. See b., bulbous, b. a
empreinte, one with a waxy substance adherent to
its point, by means of which an impression of the
stricture may be taken, b., armed, a bougie with
a piece of silver nitrate or other caustic attached to
its extremity, b., bulbous, a bougie with a bulbous
tip. b., caustic, b., cauterizant. See b., armed.
b., emplastic. 1. See b. a empreinte. 2. A flexible
bougie coated with a mixture of wax, diachylon, and
olive-oil. b., filiform, a whalebone or other bougie
of very small diameter, b., fusiform, one with a
spindle-shaped shaft, b., medicated. 1. A bougie
charged with some medicament. 2. A medicated
suppository, b., rosary, a beaded bougie used in a

BOUGINAGE

163

BRACHIOFACIAL

strictured urethra, b., soluble, a suppository com-
posed of substances dissolving at body-temperature.
b., whip-, one with filiform end gradually increasing
in thickness.

bouginage (boo-zhe-nahzh') . Dilatation with a
bougie.

bouhou (boo-hoo'). See boohoo.

Bouillaud's disease {boo-e-yo') [Jean Baptiste
Bouillaud, French physician, 1796-1881]. Infective
endocarditis. B.'s metallic tinkling, a peculiar clink
sometimes heard to the right of the apex-beat in
cardiac hypertrophy.

bouillon (boo-e-yon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. A broth made
by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. 2. A liquid
nutritive medium for the culture of microorganisms,
prepared from finely chopped beef or beef-extract.

boulimia (boo-lim'-e-ah). See bulimia.

Boulton's solution. A compound tincture of
iodine, phenol, glycerol, and distilled water; it is
used for spraying in rhinitis.

bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.]. 1. In anatomy, a cluster
of nerves, blood-vessels, or muscles. 2. The delicate
perfume and flavor of good wine. 3. The odor char-
acteristic of a disease.

Bourdin's paste (boor-dan') [Claude Etienne Bour-
din, French physician, 19th cent.]. An" escharotic
mixture of nitric acid with flowers of sulphur.

bourdonet (boor-don-a') . An ovoid mass of lint.

bourdonnement (boor-dun-mon(g)) [Fr., b&urdonner,
to buzz]. Any buzzing sound. The murmur that is
heard when the stethoscope is applied to any part
of the body. It is thought to result from contraction
of the muscular fibrils.

Bourget's test (boor-zha') [Louis Bourget, Swiss
chemist]. For iodine or iodides. — Filter paper is
impregnated with starch solution and then moistened
with a 5 per cent, solution of ammonium sulphate;
on being subsequently made wet with a solution
containing iodine, it strikes a deep blue color.

boutonniere (boo-ton-ne-air') [Fr., buttonhole].

1. A buttonhole-like incision. 2. External urethro-
tomy.

boutons terminals (boo'-ton(g) ter-me-nal) . Small
terminal enlargements or tactile-cells of sensory
nerves, as in the nose of the guinea pig and mole.

Bouveret's disease (boo'-ver-a). Paroxysmal
tachycardia. B.'s sign in intestinal obstruction,
this sign is applicable only to the large gut: great
distention of the cecum and a large elevation in
the right iliac fossa.

bovillse (bo-vil'-e) [L.]. Measles.

bovin (Jbo'-viri) [bos, ox]. A modified virus derived
from the tubercle bacillus, of greater virulence than
bovovaccine.

bovine (bo'-vin) [bovinus, of an ox], 1. Ox-like.

2. Relating to, or derived from a cow or ox or heifer.
b. heart, the immensely hypertrophied heart of aortic
valvular disease, b. hunger, bulimia, b. lymph,
vaccine virus from cows.

bovinine (bo'-vin-in) [see bovine]. A proprietary
preparation of beef used as a food for invalids and
convalescents.

Bovista (bo-vis'-tah) [L.]. 1. A genus of fungi
closely allied to Lycoperdon; some of the species are
edible. 2. The Lycoperdon bovista, a fungus or
puff ball. When dry it is a good styptic, and its
tincture has been used in nervous diseases.

bovovaccine (bo-vo-vak'-sin) [bovine; vaccine]. An
extract of tubercle bacilli used for protection against
bovine tuberculosis.

bovox (bo' -vox). A proprietary essence or extract
of beef.

bovril (bov'-rit). Trade name of a preparation
containing extract of beef, peptone, albumin, and
fibrin.

Bowdichia (bo-dich'-e-ah) [Edward Bowdich, an
English naturalist]. A genus of plants of the order
LeguminoscB. B. virgilioides is a South American
tree, of which the bark (alchornoque or alcornoque
bark) is diaphoretic, roborant, and antisyphilitic.

Bowditch's law (bo'-ditch) [Henry Pickering
Bowdilch, American physiologist, 1840-19 11]. Any
stimulus which is capable of exciting the heart at all
will produce as great a response as the strongest
stimulus.

bowel (bow' -el) [OF., boel, from L., botellus, a
sausage]. The intestine, b.-complaint, diarrhea.
b., lower, the rectum.

bow-leg [ME., bowe]. An arching outward of the
lower limbs. See genu varum.

Bowman's capsule (bo' -man) [Sir William Bowman,
English anatomist and ophthalmologist, 1816-1892].
The expanded portion forming the beginning of a
uriniferous tubule. B.'s discs, the products of a
breaking up of muscle-fibers in the direction of the
transverse striations. B.'s glands, glands found in
the olfactory mucous membrane. B.'s membrane,
a thin, homogeneous membrane representing the
uppermost layer of the stroma of the cornea, with
which it is intimately connected. B.'s muscle,
origin; 1. Longitudinal portion (Brucke's muscle):
junction of cornea and sclera; 2. Circular portion
(Mueller's muscle) : the fibers form a circle; insertion;
1. Outer layers of choroid. 2. Ciliary processes;
innervation, ciliary; it is the muscle of visual accommo-
dation. B.'s probe, a probe used in dilating strictures
of the lacrimal duct. B.'s sarcous elements, muscle-
caskets; the small elongated prisms of contractile
substance that produce the appearance of dark
stripes in voluntary muscle. B.'s tubes, artificial
tubes formed between the lamellae of the cornea by
the injection of air or colored fluid.

Bowman-Mueller's capsule. See Bowman's cap-
sule.

box, boxwood (boks, boks'-wood). See buxus.

Boyer's bursa (bwoi-ya') [Alexis Boyer, French
surgeon, 1757-1833]- The subhyoid bursa. B.'s
cyst, cystic enlargement of the subhyoid bursa.

Boyle's law (boil) [Robert Boyle, English physicist,
1627-1691]. At any given temperature the volume
of a given mass of gas varies inversely as the pressure
it bears. Syn., Mariotie's law.

Bozeman's catheter (boz'-man) [Nathan Bozeman,
American surgeon, 1825-1905]. A double-current
catheter.

Bozzi's foramen (bot'-tze). See Soemmering' s
yellow spot.

Bozzolo's sign (bot-tzo'-lo) [Camillo Bozzolo,
Italian physician, 1845- ]. Visible pulsation of
the arteries of the nares, said to occur in some cases
of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.

B. P. or B. Ph. Abbreviation for British Pharma-
copeia.

B. P. C. Abbreviation for British Pharmaceutical
Codex.

Br. Chemical symbol of bromine.

bracelets (bras' -lets). Transverse lines across the
anterior aspect of the wrist.

Brachet, mesolateral fold of (brash-a'). The
right lamella of the primitive mesentery which passes
to the dorsal aspect of the right lobe of the liver and
whose free edge bounds the foramen of Winslow.

brachia (bra'-ke-ah). Plural of brachium.

brachia conjunctiva. White fibers passing from
the cerebellum towards the corpora quadrigemina
and the cerebral hemispheres.

brachial (bra'-ke-al) [brachium]. Pertaining to the
arm. b. artery, the continuation of the axillary
artery, extending along the inner side of the arm.
See under artery, b. glands, the lymphatic glands
of the arm. b. plexus, the plexus of the fifth, sixth,
seventh, and eighth cervical and the first dorsal
nerves, b. veins, the veins of the arm that accom-
pany the brachial artery.

brachiafgia (bra-ke-al'-je-ah) [brachium; SXyos,
pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the arm or in the brachial
plexus.

brachialis anticus (bra-ke-a'-lis an'-tik-us). See
muscles, table of.

brachiform (bra'-ke-form) [brachium; forma, form].
Arm-shaped.

brachinin (brak'-in-in). A substance obtained
from the bombardier-beetle, Brachinus crepitans, of
Europe. It is said to be efficacious against rheu-
matism. _

brachio- (bra-ke-o-) [brachium]. A prefix meaning
pertaining to the brachium.

brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-al'-ik) [brachio-;
Ke<j>a\fi, head]. Pertaining to the arm and the head.
b. artery, b. vein, the innominate artery and vein.

brachiocrural (bra-ke-o-kru'-ral) [brachio-; crus,
the leg]. Pertaining to or affecting the arm and leg.

brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-kii'-bit-al) [brachio-; cubi-
tus, forearm]. Relating to the arm and forearm, as,
the brachiocubital ligament.

brachiocyllosis (bra-ke-o-sil-o'-sis) [brachio-; kv\-
Aioxj-is, a bending]. A crookedness of the arm; also
the paralysis that may accompany it.

brachiofacial (bra-ke-o-fa'-shal). Pertaining to
both arm and face.

BRACHIOFASCIALIS

164

BRAN

brachiofascialis (bra-ke-o-fas-e-a'-lis) [brachio-;
fascia, a bundle]. See under muscles.

brachioncus (bra-ke-ong'-kus) [brachio-; ojkos, a
swelling]. Any hard and chronic swelling of the
arm.

bracbioradial (bra-ke-o-ra'-de-al) [brachio-; radius].
The supinator longus muscle. See muscles, table of.

brachiorrhachidian, brachiorachidian (brak-e-o-
rak-id'-e-an) [brachio-; paxis, the spinal column].
Relating to the arm and the spinal cord.

brachiorrheuma (bra-ke-o-ru'-mah) [brachio-; peO/za,
a flux]. Rheumatism of the arm.

brachiostrophosis (bra-ke-o-stro-fo'-sis) [brachio-;
(TTpkfaLv, to turn], A twist or twisted deformity of
the arm.

brachiotomy (bra-ke-ot'-o-me) [brachio-; ropA\, a
section]. The surgical or obstetrical removal of an
arm.

brachiplex (bra'-ke-pleks) [Ppaxiuiv, the arm;
plexus, a twining]. The brachial plexus.

brachistocephalic, or brachistocephalous (bra-kis-
to-sef-al'-ik, or bra-kis-to-sef'-al-us) [/SpdxicTos, short-
ness; Ke<£aXi7, head]. Having an extremely short
and very broad head.

brachium (bra'-ke-um) [^paxlw, the arm; pi.,
brachia]. The arm, especially the upper arm; also,
any arm-like object or structure, brachia cerebelli,
the peduncles of the cerebellum, brachia cerebri,
b. of optic lobes, the bands connecting the nates
and testes with the optic thalamus, b. conjunctivum
cerebelli, same as b. copulativum. b. copulativum,
the superior peduncle of the cerebellum, b. pontis,
the brachium of the pons, being also the middle
peduncle of the cerebellum, b. quadrigeminum
inferius, the postbrachium, a white band connecting
the postgeniculum to the postgeminum. b. quad-
rigeminum superius, the prebrachium, a white
band between the pregeminum and the thalamus.

Brach-Romberg's sign. See Romberg's sign.

brachy- (brak-e-) [fipaxvs, short]. A prefix mean-
ing short.

brachycardia (brak-e-kar'-de-ah). Same as brady-
cardia.

brachycephalia (brak-e-sef-a'-le-ah) [brachy-; ice<pa\r),
a head]. The quality of being brachy cephalic.

brachycephalic, brachycephalous (brak-e-sef-al'-ik,
brak-e-sef'-al-us) [brachy-; ne<j>dkri, a head], i. Ap-
plied to skulls of an egg-like shape, with the larger
end behind. 2. Having a skull the transverse dia-
meter of which is more than eight-tenths of the
long diameter.

brachycephalism (brak-e-sef'-al-izm). See brachy-
cephalia.

brachycephaly (brak-e-sef'-a-le). See brachyceph-
alia.

brachycheirous, brachychirous (brak-e-ki'-rus)
[brachy-; x«p> the hand]. Having short hands.

brachycnemic, brachyknemic (brak-e-ne'-mik)
[brachy-; Kvi]p.i\, the leg]. A term applied by Sir
W. Turner to a leg proportionately shorter than the
thigh.

brachydactylia (brak-e-dak-til'-e-ah) [brachy-; 86x-
rvXos, a digit]. Abnormal shortness of the fingers or
toes.

brachydactylous (brak-e-dak'-til-us) [brachy-; 8ax-
tvXos, a finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal short-
ness of the fingers or toes.

brachyglossal (brak-e-glos'-al) [brachy-; y\a>o-o-a,
tongue]. Having a short tongue.

brachygnathous, brachygnathus (brak-e-na'-thus).
[brachy-; yvados, a jaw]. Having short jaws.

brachyhieric (brak-e-hi'-e-rik) [brachy-; Updv,
sacrum]. Having a short sacrum.

brachykerkic (brak-e-kerk'-ik) [brachy-; Kepds, a
shuttle]. Having the forearm disproportionately
short as compared with the upper arm.

brachymetropia (brak-e-me-tro'-pe-ah) [brachy-;
ixkrpov, a measure; &^, the eye], nearsightedness or
myopia q. v.

brachymetropic (brak-e-me-trop'-ik) [brachy-; fierpov,
a measure; &ip, the eye]. Nearsighted, or myopic.

brachynosis, brachynsis (brak-in-o'-sis, brak-in'-
sis) [brachy-; vbaos, disease]. The contraction or
shortening of an organ or part by disease.

brachyntic (brak-in'-tik). Related to or affected
with brachynosis.

brachyotus (brak-e-o'-tus) [brachy-; oiis, the ear].
Short-eared.

brachypnea (brak-ip-ne'-ah) [brachy-; irvolr\, breath].
Abnormal shortness of breath.

brachypodous (brak-ip'-o-dus) [brachy-; irbvs, foot].
In biology, possessing a short foot or stalk.

brachyrrbinia {brak-e-rin'-e-ah) [brachy-; pis, a
nose]. Abnormal shortness of the nose.

brachystaphylic (brak-e-staf'-il-ik) [brachy-;
<rTa4>v\r), the palate]. Having a short alveolar arch.

bracket (brak'-et) [OF., braguette). An apparatus
for supporting a joint or rendering it immovable.

bradesthesia (brad-es-the'-ze-ah). See bradyesthesia.

brady- (brad-e-) [fipadbs, slow]. A prefix meaning
slow.

bradyarthria (brad-e-ar'-thre-ah) [brady-; apdpov,
articulation]. Abnormally slow articulation of
words: bradylalia.

bradybolism (brad-ib'-o-lizm) [brady-; /3dXXew, to
throw]. Same as bradyspermatism.

bradycardia (brad-e-kar'-de-ah) [brady-; xapSla,
heart]. Slowness of the heart-beat — the opposite of
tachycardia.

bradycauma (brad-e-kaw'-mah) [brady-; Kavfia,
burn: pi., bradycaumata]. Slow cautery, as with the
moxa.

bradycausis (brad-e-kaw'-sis) [brady-; Kavais, a
burning]. A slow burning; the application of a slow
caustic.

bradycinesia (brad-e-sin-e'-se-ah) [brady-; Kivtiais,
movement]. Extreme slowness of movement.

bradycrote (brad'-e-krot) [brady-; kpotos, beating].
Marked by or relating to slowness of the pulse.

bradycrotic (brad-e-krot'-ik) [brady-; kpotos, a
beating]. Bradycrote.

bradydiastole (brad-e-di-as'-to-le) [brady-; diao-ToXri,
a drawing apart]. A prolongation of the diastolic
pause; it is generally associated with myocardial
lesions. Syn., bradydiastolia.

bradyecoia (brad-e-ek-oi'-ah) [brady-; &Koveiv, to
hear]. Hardness of hearing.

bradyesthesia bradyaesthesia (brad-e-es-the'-ze-ah)
[brady-; atadrjais, perception]. Dulness of perception.

bradyglossia (brad-e-glos'-e-ah). See bradylalia.

bradylalia (brad-e-la'-le-ah) [brady-; XaXeip, to
talk]. A slowness of utterance.

bradylogia (brad-e-lo'-je-ah) [brady-; \6yos, dis-
course]. Bradylalia.

bradypepsia (bard-e-pep'-se-ah) [brady-; irtyis,
digestion]. Slow digestion.

bradyphagia (brad-e-fa'-je-ah) [brady-; <payew, to
eat]. Slowness in eating.

bradyphasia (brad-e-fa'-ze-ah). See bradylalia.

bradyphrasia (brad-e-fra'-ze-ah) [brady-; <ppaais,
utterance]. Slowness of speech; it occurs in some
types of mental disease.

bradypnea, bradypnoea (brad-ip-ne'-ah) [brady-;
irveew, to breathe]. Abnormal slowness of breathing.

bradyspermatism (brad-e-sper'-mat-izm) [brady-;
<nrepp.a, seed]. Abnormally slow emission of semen.

bradysphygmia (brad-e-sfig'-me-ah) [brady-; <r<f>vyp.6s,
pulse]. Abnormal slowness of the pulse.

bradytocia (brad-e-to'-se-ah) [brady-; t6kos, birth].
Abnormally slow or protracted parturition.

bradytrophic (Jbrad-e-trof-ik) [brady-; rpo<prj, nutri-
tion]. Characterized by slowness of trophic changes.

bradyuria (brad-e-u'-re-ah) [brady-; obpov, urine].
Slow passage of urine.

Braidism (Jbrad'-izm) [James Braid, English
physician, 1795-1860]. The hypnotic state pro-
duced by fixation of the eyes upon a shining object.

brain (bran) [AS., brcegen]. That part of the
central nervous system contained in the cranial
cavity, and consisting of the cerebrum, the cerebellum,
the pons, and the medulla oblongata, b., abdominal,
the solar plexus, b., after-. See metencephalon.
b.-axis, that portion of the brain-substance including
the island of Reil, the basal ganglia, the crura, pons,
medulla, and cerebellum, b.-bladder, a cerebral
vesicle of the embryo, b., end-, see telencephalon.
b. fag, brain tire, b.-fever. See meningitis, b.,
fore-. See prosencephalon, b., great, the cerebrum.
b., hind-. See epencephalon. b., mid-. See mesen-
cephalon, b. pan, the cranium, b., railway-, a
condition analogous to railway spine, and character-
ized by cerebral disturbance. See Erichsen's disease.
b.-sand. See acervulus. b. stem, the brain axis.
b. storm, sudden and severe phenomena due to
cerebral causes, b.-tire, a condition of brain ex-
haustion due to excessive functional activity, b.,
'twixt-. See diencephalon and thalamencephalon.
b., wet, the cerebral edema caused by alcoholism.

bran (bran) [Breton, brenn]. The epidermis or
outer covering of the seeds of most cereals, b,

BRANCH

165

BREGMATODYMIA

bath. See bath, bran. b. dressing, a dressing for-
merly used for compound fracture of the leg. The
leg was placed in a fracture-box and surrounded with
clean bran.

branch {branch), i. A name given to the divisions
of offshoots of blood-vessels, lymphatics, or nerves,
from the trunk or main stem. 2. A primary divi-
sion of the animal kingdom.

branchia {brang'-ke-ah) [fipdyxi-o., gills]. The gills
of fishes.

branchial (brang'-ke-al). Pertaining to the bran-
chia. b. arches. See arches, branchial, b. cyst,
a cyst formed of embryonic structures in a branchial
arch or cleft, b. fistula, a congenital fistula in the
neck, in connection with the branchial openings.
b. openings. See clefts, visceral.

branchiogenic {brang-ke-o-jen'-ik). Same as
branchiogenous.

branchiogenous (brang-ke-oj'-en-us) [branchia;
yevvav, to produce]. Produced or developed from a
branchial cleft.

branchioma (brang-ke-o'-mah) [branchia; opa, a
tumor]. A tumor developed from remains of the
branchial arches.

branchiomere {brang'-ke-o-mer) [branchia; pkpos,
a part]. The segment of the lateral mesoderm
between each two branchial (gill) clefts.

Brand method [Ernst Brand, German physician,
1827-1897]. A system of baths employed in the
treatment of typhoid fever.

Brandt's method. Treatment of affections of the
Fallopian tubes by massage in an endeavor to force
out their contents into the uterus.

brandy {bran' -de). See Spiritus vini gallici.

branks {brangks) [Gael., brancas, a kind of pillory].
The mumps.

Brasdor's method {braz'-dor) [Pierre Brasdor,
French surgeon, 1721-1797]. Treatment of aneurysm
by ligation of the artery immediately beyond the
aneurysm.

brash {brash) [Dutch, braaken, to vomit]. A
common name indicating almost any disorder of the
digestive system; any rash, or eruption; a short
fit of illness, b., water. See pyrosis.

brass {bras) [ME., bras]. An alloy of copper with
25-40 per cent, of zinc, b.-founder's ague. See
ague.

Brassica {bras' -ik-ah) [AS.]. A genus of plants of
the order Cruciferce, including the common cabbage.
B. alba, white mustard; the powdered seeds a condi-
ment and rubefacient. B. nigra, black mustard.

brassicon {bras'-ik-on). A proprietary local appli-
cation for headache, said to consist of 2 gm. oil of
peppermint, 6 gm. camphor, 4 gm. ether, 12 gm.
alcohol, 6 drops mustard oil.

brassy-eye. See chalcitis.

Braun's canal {brown) [Gustav von Braun, Austrian
obstetrician, 1820-1911]. See canal, neurenteric.
B.'s hook. A hook used for decapitation of the
fetus.

Braun's reaction for glucose {brown) [Christopher
Heinrich Braun, German physician, 1847- ].
Treat the glucose solution with caustic soda, and
warm until it is yellow; then add a dilute solution of
picric acid and heat to boiling. A deep red color
will be produced. Creatinin gives the same reaction,
even in the cold, and acetone also, though slightly.

Braune's canal. The continuous passage formed
by the uterine cavity and the vagina during labor,
after full dilation of the os. B.'s os internum. See
Bandl's ring.

Braun-Fernwald's sign {brown-f aim' -volt) [Karl
von Braun, Austrian obstetrician, 1823-1891].
An early sign of pregnancy consisting in an increased
thickness of one-half of the body of the uterus and
in the presence of a longitudinal median groove,
these changes being dependent upon unequal con-
sistence of that organ.

Bra vais- Jackson's epilepsy {brav'-a). See Jack-
sonian epilepsy.

brawn {brawn) [OF., braon, flesh]. The flesh of a
muscle; well-developed muscles.

brawny {brawn' -e) [see brawn}. Fleshy; muscular.
b. induration, pathological hardening and thickening
of the tissues.

Braxton Hicks' sign. See Hicks.

braxy {braks'-e). Anthrax in sheep.

brayera {bra-ye'-rah). See cusso.

bread {bred) [AS., bredd]. A mixture of flour and
water rendered porous by carbon dioxide, and baked.

The flour may be of wheat, corn, oat, or rye. The
carbon dioxide may be introduced by fermenting the
starch with yeast, b., brown, a kind of bread made
from a mixture of corn, rye, and wheat flour, b.,
Graham, bread made from unbolted wheat flour;
it contains more gluten, diastase, and mineral phos-
phates than ordinary bread, b.-paste, a culture-
medium for bacteria and molds. Stale, coarse
bread is dried, ground to powder, and made into a
paste with water, b.-poultice, bread-crumbs steeped
in hot water, b., pulled, fresh bread pulled apart
longitudinally and rebaked until brittle, b., white,
bread made from bolted wheat flour, and therefore
deficient in diastase, gluten, and mineral phosphates.
Other kinds, such as rye (or black), corn, bran,
barley, etc., indicate their composition by their name.

break {brak) [AS., brecan}. 1. In electricity, to
open the circuit of a battery. 2. In surgery, a
fracture. 3. To change suddenly and involuntarily
from the natural voice to a shrill one or to a whisper,
as with boys at puberty, or with adults under strong
emotion, b. shock, a term sometimes employed in
electrotherapeutics for the physiological shock pro-
duced on the opening or breaking of an electric circuit.

breakbone fever. See dengue.

breast {brest) [ME., brest], 1. The anterior part
of the chest. 2. The mamma, b.-bone, the
sternum, b., broken, abscess of the mammary
gland, b., chicken-, a deformity marked by promi-
nence of the sternal portion of the chest. Syn.,
pectus carinatum. b., funnel-, a depression of the
chest-walls at the sternum resembling the bowl of
a funnel; it is like shoemaker's breast, only it may
occur at any point. Syn., funnel-chest, b., gathered,
mammary abscess, b., hysterical, a form of masto-
dynia due to hysteria, b., irritable tumor of, a name
given by Astley Cooper to peculiar, sharply defined
fibromatous or neuromatous tumors of small size
and extreme tenderness, b.-pang, angina pectoris.
b., pigeon-. Same as b., chicken-, b.-pump, a
sunction-apparatus for removing the milk from the
breast, b., shoemaker's, a depression of the sternum
in shoemakers due to the pressure of tools against
it and the xiphoid cartilage.

breath {breth) [AS., brceth]. The air exhaled from
the lungs, b.-sounds, the respiratory sounds heard
upon auscultation. See Table page 166.

breathing. See respiration. b., abdominal,
breathing in which the abdominal walls move de-
cidedly and in which the diaphragm is actively
engaged, b., Cheyne-Stokes'. See Cheyne-Stokes'
respiration, b., interrupted, b., cog-wheel, b., wavy,
a broken or interrupted inspiratory sound produced
by nervousness, irregular contraction of the muscles
of respiration, or irregular expansion of the lung from
disease, b., mouth-, habitual respiration through
the mouth, b., puerile, the breathing normally
heard in children, and heard in adults when the
respiratory murmur is exaggerated, b., suppressed,
entire absence of breath-sounds, as in pleuritic
effusion and certain solid conditions of the lung.
b., thoracic, respiration in which the thoracic walls
actively move.

Brecht's cartilages {brekt). The ossa supra-
sternalia, two small cartilaginous or bony nodules
near each sternoclavicular joint, above the sternum.
They are regarded as the rudiments of the episternal
bone that is well developed in some animals.

breech {brech) [ME., breech}. The buttocks.
b., frank, a breech presentation in which the thighs
are flexed and the legs extended on the anterior
surface of the fetus, b. presentation, presentation
of the buttocks of the child at the os uteri during labor.

breeches splint. A splint that surrounds the leg;
oftenest made of woven wire.

breeze, electric. See static breeze.

bregenin {breg'-en-in) [Low Ger., bregen, brain],
C40H87NO5. A name given by Thudichum to a
viscous principle, soluble in and crystallizable from
alcohol, by means of which it has been extracted
from brain-tissue. It is fusible like a fat, but is
miscible with water.

bregma {breg'-mah) [fipeypa, the sinciput]. 1. The
part of the skull corresponding to the anterior fon-
tanel. 2. The junction of the coronal and sagittal
sutures.

bregmatic {breg-mal'-ik). Relating to the bregma.

bregmatodymia {breg-mat-o-dim' -e-ah) [fipeypa, the
sinciput; Sidvpos, twin]. Teratic union of twins by
the bregmata.

BREIN 166 BREVISSIMUS OCULI

TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.
(Altered and enlarged from J. K. Fowler.)

Variety

Inter-

Inten-

Condition

of breath-

Period.

Pitch.

Quality.

val.

Duration.

sity.

Where heard.

in which

ing.

heard.

Vesicular.

i. Inspira-
tion.

Low.

Vesicular.

None.

Variable .

Over the lungs
in health.

In health.

2. Expira-

Lower.

Blowing.

Shorter

Faint or

tion.

than in-
spiration
or absent.

absent.

Bronchial.

i. Inspira-
tion.

High.

Tracheal.

Dis-
tinct.

Variable .

In health, in
regions of sev-

In health; pul-
monary tuber-

2. Expira-

Higher.

Tracheal.

Equal to or

Greater.

enth cervical

culosis, lobar

tion.

longer
than in-
spiration.

spine.

In disease, over
areas of con-
solidation.

pneumonia,
large pleuritic
effusions,
thoracic aneu-
rysm, medias-
tinal tumors.

Broncho-

i. Inspira-

Higher

More or

Slight.

Variable .

In health, ant.,

In health;

vesicular.

tion.

than in
vesicu-
lar

breath-
ing.

less
tracheal.

over sternal
portion of in-
fraclavicular
region; post.,
upper part of

pneumonia,
pulmonary
tuberculosis.

2. Expira-

Higher

More or

About

Greater.

interscapular

tion.

than in
vesicu-
lar
breath-

less
tracheal.

equal to
inspira-
tion.

region. In
disease, over
slight con-
solidation.

Amphoric.

i. Inspira-

ing.
Low.

Hollow and

Dis-

Variable.

Over a large

Pulmonary

tion.

metallic.

tinct.

cavity com-

tuberculosis.

2. Expira-

Lower.

Both char-

Longer

Greater.

municating

tion.

acters
more
marked.

than in-
spiration.

with an open
bronchus.

Cavernous.

i. Inspira-

Low.

Blowing

Dis-

Variable.

Over a cavity

Pulmonary

tion.

and hol-
low.

tinct.

communi-
cating with an

tuberculosis.

2. Expira-

Lower.

Both char-

Longer

Greater.

open bron-

tion.

acters

more

marked.

than in-
spiration.

chus.

Tubular.

i. Inspira-
tion.

Higher
than in

Laryngeal
or whif-

Dis-

Variable.

Over consoli-

Lobar pneu-
monia, pulmo-

tinct.

dated areas.

bron-

fing.

nary tubercu-

chial

losis.

breath-

ing.

2. Expira-

Higher.

Laryngeal

Equal to or

Greater.

tion.

or whif-
fing.

longer
than in-
spiration.

brein (bre'-in) . A glucoside isolated from Bryonia
alba. It is a powerful stimulant to the arterioles
and useful in the treatment of post-partum hemor-
rhage and other forms of metrorrhagia.

Breisky's disease (bri'-ske) [August Breisky,
German gynecologist, 1832-1889]- Kraurosis vulvae.
B.'s method, of measuring the dimensions of .the
pelvis at its outlet: Measure externally the distance
between the tuberosities of the ischia, and the
distance from the junction of the sacrum and coccyx
to the lower border of the arcuate ligament.

Bremer's reaction for diabetic blood (brem'-ur)
[John Lewis Bremer, American physician, 1874- ].
The blood is prepared as in ordinary staining methods,
and, after drying in a hot-air sterilizer, stained with
methylene-blue and eosin. The erythrocytes of
diabetic blood are stained greenish-yellow, whereas
in normal blood they appear brownish.

Brenner's formula (bren'-nur) [Rudolf Brenner,
German physician, 1821-1884]. 1. With the same
current strength the kathodal closing contraction is
four times as strong as the kathodal opening con-
traction. 2. The normal auditory nerve reacts to
the kathodal closure by a sound sensation which
immediately attains its maximum and then gradually
diminishes; the anodal opening causes with the
same current strength a somewhat weaker sound
that is of short duration.

brenzcain {brenz'-ka-in). See guaiacolbenzyl ester.

brenzkatechinuria (brenz-kat-e-kin-u'-re-ah). See
alkaptonuria.

brephopolysarcia (bref-o-pol-e-sar'-ke-ah) [flpe<t>os,
an infant; wo\vs, much; <rdp£, flesh]. Excess of
flesh in an infant.

brephotrophium (bref-o-tro'-fe-um) /5pe<£os, infant;
rpk<t>eiv, to nourish]. An infant-asylum; a foundling-
hospital.

brephydrocephalus {bref-id-ro-sef'-al-us) [0pk<f>os,
an infant; hydrocephalus]. Hydrocephalus in in-
fants.

Breschet's canal, B.'s veins (bresh'-a) [Gilbert
Breschet, French anatomist, 1784-1845]. The canals
and veins of the diploe. B.'s helicotrema, the
helicotrema, the foramen of communication between
the'* scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. B.'s
sinus, the sphenoparietal sinus.

Bretonneau's diphtheria (bret'-on-o) Pierre Breton-
neau, French physician, 1778-1862]. Diphtheria of
the pharynx.

breviductor (brev-e-duk'-tor) [L.]. The adductor
brevis muscle of the thigh. See muscles, table of.

breviflexor (brev-e-fieks'-or) [L.]. Any short,
flexor muscle.

brevissimus oculi (brev-is'-im-us ok'-u-li) L.].
The shortest muscle of the eye; the obliquus inferior.
See muscles, table of.

BREWER'S OPERATION

167

BROMAMIDE

Brewer's operation (broo'-er) [George Emerson
Brewer, American Surgeon, 1861- ]. Closure of
wounds of arteries with rubber plates. B.'s point,
the costo-vertebral angle, which is tender in cases
of infection of the kidney.

Brewster's law (broo'-ster). The polarizing angle
has such a value that the reflected and the refracted
rays are at right angles to each other.

brick-dust deposit. A reddish sediment in the
urine, consisting of urates.

bricklayer's itch. Eczema due to irritation of
lime-mortar.

brickmakers' anemia. See ankylostomiasis, doch-
miasis.

bridge (brij). 1. The upper ridge of the nose
formed by the union of the two nasal bones. 2. In
electricity, an apparatus for measuring the resistance
of a conductor, b. coloboma. See coloboma. b.,
herpetic, a term for fascicular keratitis, q. v. b.,
intercellular, slender protoplasmic processes con-
necting proximate cells. Syn., internuclear bundles.
b., jugal. See arch, zygomatic, b. of nose, the
prominent ridge formed by the nasal bones, b. of
Varolius, the pons Varolii, b.-work, in dentistry,
the adaptation of artificial crowns of teeth to and
over spaces made by the loss of natural teeth, by
connecting such crowns to natural teeth or roots for
anchorage by means of a bridge, and thereby dis-
pensing with plates covering more or less of the roof
of the mouth and the alveolar ridge.

bridle (bri'-dl) [AS., bridel]. 1. A band or filament
stretching across the lumen of a passage, or from
side to side of an ulcer, scar, abscess, etc. 2. A
frenum. b. stricture, a stricture due to the presence
of a delicate band stretched across the lumen of the
urethra.

Brieger, bacillus of (bre'-ger) [Ludwig Brieger,
German physician, 1849- ]. Bacillus cavicidus.
t B.'s method, a method of separating ptomaines
from a putrefying mass.

Bright's blindness (brit) [Richard Bright, English
physician, 1789-1858]. Partial or complete loss of
sight, which may be temporary, independent of any
change in the optic disc or retina; it occurs in uremia.
B.'s disease, a generic term for acute and chronic
diffuse disease of the kidneys, usually associated
with dropsy and albuminuria. B.'s disease, acute,
an acute inflammation of the kidney; it may be
parenchymatous, interstitial, or diffuse. B.'s disease,
chronic, a chronic inflammation of the kidney,
affecting the parenchyma, the connective tissue, or
both. Amyloid degeneration is also considered a
chronic form of Bright's disease. B.'s friction-
sound. See Beatty- Bright's friction-sound. B.'s
granulations, the granulations of the large white
kidney.

brightic (brit'-ik). A person suffering from
Bright's disease.

brightism (brit'-izm). Chronic nephritis.

Brill's disease [Nathan E. Brill, American physi-
cian, i860- ]. An acute infectious disease of
unknown origin, very similar to a mild form of typhus,
It is shorter than typhoid, lasting only 12 to 14 days,
and is characterized by a short incubation, intense
headache, apathy, prostration, a maculo-papular
eruption not disappearing on pressure, and a fall of
temperature by crisis or rapid lysis. The Widal
test is negative. Prognosis is good; the treatment,
symptomatic.

brim (brim) [ME.]. The upper edge or margin,
as the brim of the pelvis.

brimstone (brim'-ston). See sulphur, b., cane,
sublimed sulphur molded into the form of solid
cylinders about an inch in diameter. Syn., roll-
sulphur, b., vegetable, the spores of Lycopodium
clavatum.

Brinton's disease (brin'-tun) [William Brinton,
English physician, 1823-1867]. 1. Linitis plastica;
hypertrophy and sclerosis of the submucous con-
nective tissue of the stomach. 2. Infantile scurvy.

Briquet's ataxia (bre-ka') [Paul Briquet, French
physician, 1796-1881]. Hysteric ataxia; astasia-
abasia.

brisement (brez-mon(g)) [Fr.]. A breaking or
rupture, b. force, the forcible breaking up of struc-
tures causing ankylosis of a joint.

brise-pierre (brez'-pe-ar') Fr., "stone-crusher"].
An old form of lithotrite.

Brissaud-Marie's syndrome (bre-so-mar-e') [Ed-
ouard Brissaud, French physician, 1852-1909; Pierre

Marie, French neurologist, 1853- ]. Hysterical
glossolabial hemispasm.

bristle-cell. Any one of the ciliated cells at the
termination of the auditory nerve-filaments.

British gum. See dextrin.

broach (Jbrotch). A five-sided steel instrument
used by dentists for enlarging the canal in the root,
and the opening into a decayed cavity in the crown
of a tooth.

broad. Wide; extensive. b. ligament. See
ligament, broad, b. tapeworm. See Bothriocephalus
latus.

Broadbent's sign (brawd'-bent) Sir William Henry
Broadbent, English physician, 1835-1907]. A visible
retraction, synchronous with the cardiac systole,
of the left side and back in the region of the eleventh
and twelfth ribs, in adherent pericardium.

Broca's aphasia (bro'-kah) [Paul Broca, French
surgeon and anthropologist, 1824-1880]. Cortical
motbr aphasia. B.'s area, the medial portion of
the anterior, olfactory lobe. Syn., area parolfactoria;
gyrus olfactorius medialis. B.'s cape, the dividing-
point of the fossa Sylvii. B.'s center, the posterior
part of the left third frontal convolution; it is the
center of speech. B.'s convolution, the third frontal
convolution of the left hemisphere. B.'s diagonal
band, a band of gray matter forming the posterior
part of the anterior perforated space and extending
from the gyrus subcallosus to the anterior end of the
gyrus hippocampi. B.'s fissure, the fissure surround-
ing Broca's lobe. B.'s olfactory area, trigonum ol-
factorium; the posterior end of the gyrus rectus,
lying anteriorly to the mesial root of the olfactory
tract. B.'s parietal angle, in craniometry, that
included between two lines joining the auricular
point and the bregma and lambda. B.'s point, the
auricular point, the center of the external auditory
meatus. B.'s pouch, a pear-shaped sac lying in the
tissues of the labia majora; it is analogous in struc-
ture to the dartos, but contains no muscular fibers.
B.'s visual plane, a plane drawn through the axes
of the two orbits.

Brodie's abscess (bro'-de) [Sir Benjamin Collins
Brodie, English surgeon, 1783-1862]. Chronic
abscess of bone, most frequently of the head of the
tibia. B.'s disease, pulpy disease of a joint, more
especially the knee-joint; also spinal neuralgia
following trauma, and often hysterical. B.'s joint,
hysterical arthroneuralgia. B.'s pain, the pain caused
by lifting a fold of the skin in the neighborhood of a
joint in articular neuralgia.

Broesike's fossa (bre'-zik-eh) [Gustav Broesike,
German anatomist, 1853- ]. The parajejunal
fossa; a recess in the peritoneal cavity which is
situated in the first part of the mesojejunum and
behind the superior mesenteric artery.

Brokaw ring (brok'-aw). A ring used in intestinal
anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drainage-
tubing and threaded with catgut strands.

brom-, bromo-. A prefix denoting the presence
of bromine in a substance.

bromal (bro'-mal) [brom-; aldehyde], CBn . CHO.
Tribromaldehyde, analogous to chloral, and produced
by the action of bromine on alcohol. It is a colorless,
oily fluid, of a penetrating odor and sharp, burning
taste, boiling at I72°-I73° C; it has been used in
medicine, having properties similar to those of chloral.
b. hydrate, CBr3 . CHO+H20, a fluid of oily con-
sistence, having a structure similar to that of chloral
hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than the
latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy.
Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.).

bromalbacid (bro-mal'-bas-id). A compound of
bromine and albumin used as a sedative. Dose
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).

bromalbumin (bro-mal'-bu-min). See bromoal-
bumin.

bromaldehyde (Joro-maV -de^hld) . A compound of
bromine and aldehyde.

bromalin (bro'-mal-in), CeH^N^HsBr. A sub-
stance occurring as a white, crystalline powder,
soluble in water, melting at 2000 C. It is a nerve-
sedative and antiepileptic, used as a substitute for
potassium bromide. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.)
several times a day. Syn., bromethylformin; hexa-
methylenetelraminbromethylate.

bromaloin (bro-mal'-o-in), CnHisBnOT. A deriva-
tive of barbaloin by the action of bromine. Syn.,
tribromaloin.

bromamide (bro' -mam-id) [brom-; amide]. A bro-

BROMARGYRITE

168

BROMOHYDRATE

mine compound of the anilin group, with the formula
CeHzBnNH . HBr. It contains 75 % of bromine,
and is used as an antipyretic in doses of 10-15 grains
(0.65-1.0 Gm.).

bromargyrite (bro-mar'-jir-it). Native silver bro-
mide.

bromate (bro' -mat) [bromin]. A salt of bromic
acid.

bromateccrisis (bro-mat-ek'-ris-is) [/3pwjua, food;
IxKplais, excrement]. The passage of undigested
food.

bromated (bro' -ma-ted). Impregnated with bro-
mine.

bromatography (bro-mat-og'-ra-fe) [0pu>p.a, food;
ypa<i>7], a writing]. A description of or treatise on
foods.

bromatology {bro-mat-ol'-o-je) [/3p«pa, food; X670S,
a science]. The science of foods.

bromatometer (bro-mat-om'-et-ur) [/SpcDpa, food;
ukrpov, measure]. An instrument used in 'bro-
matometry.

bromatometry (bro-mat-om'-et-re). The estimation
of the daily amount of food requisite for an indi-
vidual.

bromatotherapy (bro-mat-o-ther'-ap-e) [Pp&na, food;
Bepaireveiv, to heal]. Treatment of diseased con-
ditions by regulation of the diet.

bromatotoxicon (bro-mat-o-toks'-ik-on). A general
term for the active agent in food-poisoning.

bromatotoxin (bro-mat-o-toks'-in) [(3p&na, food;
to^lkov, poison]. A basic poison generated in food
by the growth of microorganisms.

bromatotoxism {bro-mat-o-toks'-izm) [/Spw/za, food;
to^ikov, poison]. Poisoning with infected food.

brombenzoyl (brom-ben'-zo-il), C7H6O . Br. A
crystalline substance obtained from oil of bitter
almonds by action of bromine; it is soluble in alcohol
and ether. Syn., brombenzoylic acid.

bromcaffeine {brom-kaf-e'-in), CsHgBrN^. A
compound obtained by mixing 1 part of caffeine
with 5 parts of bromine; melts at 2060 C.

bromeigon (bro-mi'-gon). An insoluble compound
of bromine and a proteid.

bromelin (bro'-mel-iri) [Bromelia, a genus of plants].
A digestive principle, allied to trypsin, found in the
juice of pineapples. It will digest 1500 times its
weight of proteids.

bromethyl (brom'-eth-il). See ethyl bromide under
bromine, b. formin. See bromalin.

brometone (bro' -met-on) [brom-; acetone]. A bro-
mine derivative of acetone, analogous to chloretone.
It is used as a nerve sedative instead of the bromides.

bromglidin (brom-gli'-din). A proprietary organic
bromine compound: used as a nerve sedative.

bromhemol (brom'-he-mol). A compound of hemol
and 2.7 % of bromine. It is used when continued
effect of bromine is desired. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2
Gm.). Syn., bromohemol.

bromhidrosis. See bromidrosis.

bromhydrate (brom-hi'-drat). See hydrobr ornate.

bromhydric (brom-hi'-drik). See hydrobromic.
b. ether, hydrobromic ether.

bromic (bro'-mik). Containing or compounded
with bromine.

bromide, bromid (bro' -mid, bro' -mid). A salt of
hydrobromic acid; the bromides of calcium, iron,
ammonium, potassium, and sodium are used in
medicine. They allay nervous excitement and are
employed as sedatives, b., basic, a compound of a
bromide with the oxide of the same base. b. of
ethyl. See ethyl bromide under bromine.

bromidia (bro-mid'-e-ah). A proprietary hypnotic
and anodyne.

bromidrosiphobia (bro-mid-ros-e-fo'-be-ah) [f}pu>p.os,
a stench; iSpws, sweat; 4>6Pos, fear]: Insane dread
of offensive personal smells, with hallucinations as
to the perception of them.

bromidrosis (bro-mid-ro'-sis) [f}p&p.os, a stench;
ISpuis, sweat]. Osmidrosis; an affection of the
sweat-glands in which the sweat has an offensive
odor.

bromidum (bro'-mid-um). Bromide; a salt of
bromine.

brominated, brominized (bro'-min-a-ted, -Izd).
Combined with bromine.

bromine, bromum (bro'-men, -mum) [Pp€>p.os, a
stench]. Br =79.92 quantivalence I. A reddish-
brown liquid which, at ordinary temperatures, gives
off a heavy, suffocating vapor. It is a very active
escharotic and disinfectant and internally a violent

poison. The salts of bromine are cerebrospinal and
cardiac depressants, and are employed as sedatives,
particularly in epilepsy, eclampsia, spasmodic
affections, insomnia, hysteria, migraine, etc. The
salts of the alkaline metals are those most commonly
used, bromidum ammonii (U. S. P.), NEUBr. Dose
5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). b. blocks, porous blocks of
diatomaceous earth incinerated with calcium sac-
charate and impregnated with three times their
weight of bromine, which is gradually given off by
them. They are used as disinfectants, bromidum
calcii (U. S. P.), CaBr2. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0
Gm.). b. chloride, BrCl (below io° C), a reddish-
yellow, mobile, very volatile liquid. It is used as an
internal and external caustic in cancer, bromide,
ethyl, C2HsBr, useful in spasmodic coughs. Dose
10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). bromidi, ferri, syrupus,
contains 10 % of the salt. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc).
b. iodide, IBrs, a dark-brown liquid, soluble in water;
it is used as a gargle in diphtheria, in 0.1 % solution.
bromidum litbii (U. S. P.), LiBr. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). bromidum, nickel. See nickel.
b. pentachloride, BrCb, a caustic liquid, bromidum
potassii (U. S. P.), KBr. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0
Gm.). bromidum sodii (U. S. P.), NaBr. Dose
5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). bromidum strontii
(U. S. P.), SrBr2. Dose 15-20 gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.).
bromidum, zinci (U. S. P.), ZnBr2. Dose §-2 gr.
(0.032-0.13 Gm.).

brominism. See bromism.

brominol (bro'-min-ol). A solution of bromine in
sesame oil.

bromiodide (bro-mi'-od-id). A compound formed
from the bromide and the iodide of the same base.

bromiodoform (bro-mi-o' -do-form), CHB^I. A
substitution-compound of bromine and iodoform.

bromipin (bro'-mip-in). A liquid compound of
bromine and sesame oil containing 10 % of bromine.
It is used as a sedative in epilepsy. Dose 1-3 tea-
spoonfuls daily.

bromism, brominism (bro'-mizm, bro'-min-izm)
[bromine]. Certain peculiar phenomena produced
by the prolonged administration of the bromides.
The most marked symptoms are headache, coldness
of the extremities, feebleness of the heart's action,
somnolence, apathy, anesthesia of the soft palate
and pharynx, pallor of the skin, and a peculiar
eruption of acne which is one of the earliest and most
constant symptoms. There is also anorexia, and at
times there are loss of sexual power and atrophy of
the testes or mamma;.

bromite (bro'-mit). 1. Native silver bromide.
2. A salt of bromous acid.

bromium (bro'-me-um). Bromine.

bromoalbumin (bro-mo-al'-bu-min). A compound
of bromine (10 %) and albumin; it is used in epilepsy.
Syn., bromalbumin; bromosin.

bromocaffeine (bro-mo-kaf'-e-in) [bromine; caffeine].
A proprietary effervescing preparation containing
caffeine. It is used for the relief of headaches.

bromocamphor (bro-mo-kam'-for). See camphor,
monobromated.

bromochloralum (Jbro-mo-klo-ral'-um) [bromo-;
chloral]. A proprietary antiseptic and disinfecting
compound, containing the bromine and chloride of
aluminum.

bromocoll (Jbro' -mo-kol) [bromo-; KoKKa, glue]. A
product of the condensation of bromine, tannin, and
gelatin; a light-brown, odorless, almost tasteless
powder, containing 20 % of bromine, soluble in
alcoholic fluids. It is indicated when other bromides
are not well borne. Dose 15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.)
a day; in epilepsy, 123 gr. (8 Gm.). Syn., dibromo-
tannic glue.

bromoform (bro' '-mo-form), CHBr3. A bromide
having a structure like that of chloroform, CHCI3;
it is sedative and anesthetic and is used in whooping-
cough and in seasickness in doses of 2-5 min. (0.13-
0.32 Cc). Syn., formobromide ; formylbromide ;
methenyl tribromide; tribrommethane.

bromoformin (bro-mo-for'-min). Bromethylate of
hexamethylene tetramine; it is used as a sedative.

bromoformism (bro-mo-form'-izm). Poisoning with
bromoform.

bromography (bro-mog'-ra-fe). Same as bromato-
graphy.

bromohematin (bro-mo-hem'-al-in). Hematin hy-
drobromide.

bromohemol. See bromhemol.

bromohydrate. See hydrobromate.

BROMOHYDRIC

169

BRONCHOCELE

bromohydric. See hydrobromic.

bromohyperidrosis (bro-mo-hi-per-id-ro'-sis) [bro-
mo-; virep, over; ISpucns, a perspiring]. A condition
marked by excessive and offensive perspiration.

bromoiodism (bro-mo-i'-o-dizm) [bromism; iodism].
Poisoning by bromine and iodine compounds together.

bromol (bro'-mol), C6H2BrsOH. Tribromophenol;
an antiseptic substance used in the form of a powder,
solution (i : 30 olive oil), or ointment (1 : 10).
Internally it is used in cholera infantum and typhoid
fever. Dose TV-| gr. (0.006-0.02 Gm.).

bromolein (brom-o'-le-in). A combination of
bromine (20 per cent.) and unsaturated oil of almonds.

bromolitbia (bro-mo-lith'-e-ah). A proprietary
remedy for gout.

bromo mania (bro-mo-ma'-ne-ah). Insanity from
excessive use of bromides.

bromomenorrhea (bro-mo-men-or-e'-ah) [0pa>nos,
stench; pA\v, month; f>dv, to flow]. Disordered
menstruation marked by offensiveness of the flow.

bromophenol (bro-mo-fe'-nol). 1. See bromol.
2. C6H4BrOH. A violet-colored liquid obtained from
phenol by accion of bromine. It is used in a 1 to 2 %
ointment in treatment of erysipelas. Syn., ortho-
bromphenol.

bromopnea, bromopnoea (brom-op-ne'-ah) [fip&nos,
stench; wvoia, breath]. Fetid breath.

bromopropylene (bro-mo-pro'-pil-en). See allyl
bromide.

bromopyrine (bro-mo-pi'-rin). 1. CnHnBrN20, a
substance used as is antipyrine, occurring in white
needles, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and hot
water, melting at 1140 C. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0
Gm.). Syn., monobromoantipyrin. 2. A proprietary
mixture said to consist of antipyrine, caffeine, and
sodium bromides.

bromoseltzer (Jbro-mo-selt'-zer). A proprietary
headache remedy.

bromoserum (bro-mo-se'-rum). A solution of 6
parts of sodium bromide and 1.5 parts of sodium
chloride in 1000 parts of water. It is used by injec-
tion as a substitute for bromides.

bromosin (bro' -mo-sin). See bromoalbumin.

bromosoda (bro-mo-so'-da). A proprietary remedy
for dyspepsia.

bromous (bro'-mus). Containing bromine united
with oxygen in the same proportion as in the chlorous
compounds.

bromphenols (brom-fe'-nolz) . A series of bro mated
phenols occurring at times in the precipitates of
tested urine.

bromum (bro' -mum). See bromine.

bromural (bro'-mii-ral). Monobrom-iso-valeryl-
urea; a white crystalline powder, soluble in hot
water; it contains about 35 per cent, of bromine,
and is used as a hypnotic. Dose gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6).

bromurated (bro'-mu-ra-ted). Containing bromine
or a bromine salt.

bronchadenitis (brongk-ad-en-V-tis) [broncho-; ad-hv,
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
bronchial lymphatic glands.

broncheopyra (brong-ke-o-pi'-rah) [bronchus; irvp,
fire]. A suffocative cough.

bronchi (brong-ki) [L.]. The plural of bronchus.
The two tubes into which the trachea divides opposite
the third dorsal vertebra, called respectively the
right and the left bronchus.

bronchia (brong'-ke-ah) [(3p6yxos, the windpipe].
The bronchial tubes, especially those that are smaller
than the two bronchi.

bronchiadenosciixhus (brong-ke-ad-en-o-skir'-us)
[bronchus; Lb-qv, a gland; cnappos, hard]. Scirrhus
of the bronchial glands.

bronchial (brong'-ke-al) [bronchus]. Relating to
the bronchi, b. arteries. See under artery, b.
crises, dyspneic paroxysms occurring in locomotor
ataxia, b. fluke. See Distoma Ringeri. b. glands,
the chain of lymphatic glands running beside the
bronchi, b. tube, a bronchus, or one of its sub-
divisions.

bronchiarctia (brong-ke-ark'-she-ah). See broncho-
stenosis.

bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek'-tas-is) [bronchus;
Zktcktis, dilatation]. Dilatation of the walls of the
bronchi. It occurs in chronic bronchitis, in fibroid
pneumonia, and in tuberculosis of the lung. It may
involve a tube uniformly, producing the cylindrical
form; or it may occur irregularly in sacs or pockets —
the sacculated form. The characteristic symptom
of bronchiectasis is paroxysmal coughing, with the

expectoration of large quantities of mucopurulent,
often fetid, matter. Cavernous breathing may be
heard over the dilated tubes.

bronchiectatic (brong-ke-ek-tat'-ik). Pertaining to
or affected with bronchiectasis.

bronchiloquy (brong-kil'-o-kwe) [bronchus; loqui, to
speak]. Bronchophony.

broncbiocele (brong'-ke-o-sel) [bronchiolus, a little
air passage; K17X77, tumor]. A swelling or dilatation
of a bronchiole.

bronchiocrisis (brong-ke-o-kri'-sis) [bronchus; crisis].
Paroxysmal coughing in tabes dorsalis.

bronchiole (brong'-ke-ol) [dim. of bronchus]. One
of the smallest subdivisions of the bronchi.

bronchiolectasis (brong-ke-o-lek'-ta-sis) [bronchiole;
e/craais, dilation]. A rare form of bronchiectasis
diffused to all parts of the lung, making it appear as
if riddled with small cavities.

bronchioli (brong'-ke-o-li). Bronchioles.

bronchiolitis (brong-ke-o-li'-tis) [bronchiole, iris,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the bronchioles.
b., asthmatic. See b., exudative, b., exudative, b.
exudativa, an inflammation of the bronchioles, with
exudation, a condition by some held to be the cause
of bronchial asthma, b. fibrosa obliterans, b.
obliterans, b., obliterating fibrous, bronchiolitis
resulting in obliteration of the finest bronchioles by
connective-tissue plugs.

bronchiolus (brong-ki-o'-lus) [dim. of bronchus, pi.
bronchioli]. A bronchiole.

bronchiospasmus (brong-ke-o-spaz'-mus) [bronchus;
spasm]. Spasm of the bronchi.

bronchostenosis (brong-ke-o-ste-no'-sis) [bronchus;
ffr'evos, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus or of
any one or more of the bronchial tubes.

bronchismus (Jbrong-kiz'-mus). Suffocative bron-
chial spasm due to spinal paralysis.

bronchitic (brong-kit'-ik) [bronchitis]. Relating to,
of the nature of, or affected with, bronchitis.

bronchitis (brong-ki'-tis) [bronchus; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane
of the bronchial tubes. Syn., pleuritis bronchialis.
b., acute, is due to exposure to cold, to the inhalation
of irritant vapors, to certain infectious agents, etc.
It is characterized by fever, cough, substernal pain,
and by dry rales in the early, and moist rales in the
later, stages, b., capillary, an acute bronchitis of
the finer bronchioles; it is generally the result of
a downward extension of an acute bronchitis. Child-
ren are most frequently affected. Dyspnea, nervous
depression, and cyanosis are prominent symptoms.
Catarrhal pneumonia is a common complication.
b., catarrhal, a form attended with profuse muco-
purulent discharges, b., chronic, a form of bron-
chitis usually occurring in middle or advanced life,
characterized by cough and by dry and moist rales.
It may be due to repeated attacks of acute bronchitis,
to gout, rheumatism, or tuberculosis, or it may
be secondary to cardiac and renal disease, b. con-
vulsiva, whooping cough, b., croupous, b., fibrinous,
b., plastic, a rare variety attended with the expec-
toration of casts of the bronchial tubes, containing
Charcot-Leyden crystals and eosinophile cells, after
a paroxysm of dyspnea and violent coughing, b.,
dry, that unattended by expectoration, b., mechani-
cal, a forni caused by the inhalation of dust, etc.
b., phtbinoid, a consumptive form with purulent
sputum, b. potter's. Same as b., mechanical, b.,
putrid, b., fetid, a variety of chronic bronchitis
characterized by the discharge of a copious, half-
liquid, extremely offensive sputum, b., secondary,
one which develops as a complication of some pre-
ceding disease, b., suffocative, b. suffocans, acute
capillary bronchitis, b., summer, hay-fever.

bronchium (brong'-ke-um) [L.; pi. bronchia]. A
bronchial tube.

bronchlemmitis (brong-klem-i'-tis) [bronchus; \kp.p.a,
a skin]. Croupous bronchitis.

broncho- (brong-ko-) [bronchus]. A prefix meaning
relating to the bronchi.

bronchoaegophony (brong-ko-e-goff'-o-ne). Seebron-
choegophony.

bronchoalve'olar (brong-ko-al-ve'-o-lar). Same as
bronchovesicular.

bronchocavernous (brong-ko-kav'-er-nus). Both
bronchial and cavernous; it is applied to respira-
tion.

bronchocele (brong'-ko-sel [broncho-; K17X77, a tumor].
Really a tumor of a bronchus, but generally signifying
goiter, b., aerial. See aerocele.

BRONCHOCEPHALITIS

170

BRUCE AND MUIR

bronchocephalitis (brong-ko-sef-al-i'-tis). Synonym
of whooping-cough.

bronchoconstriction (brong-ko-kon-strik'-shuri). The
narrowing of the caliber of the pulmonary air-passages.

bronchoconstrictor (brong-ko-kon-strik'-lor). Con-
stricting the caliber of the air-passages of the lungs.

bronchodilator (brong-ko-di-la'-tor). Dilating the
caliber of the air-passages of the lungs.

bronchoegophony (brong-ko-e-goff'-o-ne) [broncho-;
atf-, a goat; <j>a>vi), a voice, sound]. Bronchophony
combined with egophony.

bronchoesophagoscopy (brong-ko-e-sof-ag-os'-ko-pe)
[broncho-; esophagus; (woireiv, to view]. Inspection
of the interior of the bronchi and esophagus.

bronchohemorrhagia (brong-ko-hem-or-a'-je-ah) .
Extravasation of blood from the lining membrane
of the bronchial tubes.

broncholemmitis (brong-ko-lem-i'-tis). See bronch-
lemmitis.

broncholith, broncholite (brong'-ko-lith, brong'-ko-
llt) [broncho-; \L6os, a stone]. A calculus or con-
cretion formed in a bronchial tube.

broncholithiasis (brong-ko-lith-i'-a-sis) [broncho-;
lithiasis]. The formation of calculi in the bronchial
apparatus.

bronchomotor (brong-ko-mo'-tor). Affecting the
caliber of the bronchial apparatus.

bronchomycosis (brong-ko-mi-ko'-sis) [broncho-;
mycosis]. The growth or presence of fungi in a
bronchial tube.

bronchopathy (brong-kop'-a-the) [broncho-; iraBos,
disease]. Any disease of a bronchus.

bronchophonic (brong-ko-fon'-ik) [broncho-; <j>o>vi),
a voice]. Relating to bronchophony.

bronchophony (brong-kof'-o-ne) [broncho-; <j>a>vri, the
voice]. The resonance of the voice within the
bronchi as heard on auscultating the chest. It is
normally present over the lower cervical spines, in
the upper interscapular region, and over the sternal
portion of the infraclavicular regions. The most
frequent pathological cause is consolidation of the
lung, b., accidental, that due to disease, b.,
pectoriloquous. See pectoriloquy, b., whispered,
bronchophony elicited by causing the patient to
whisper.

bronchophthisis (brong-ko-thi'-sis) [broncho-; <j>6l.<ns,
a wasting]. Pulmonary tuberculosis characterized
by extensive lesions of the bronchial tubes.

bronchophyma (brong-ko-fi'-mah) [broncho-; $vp.a,
a growth]. Any growth, as a tubercle, in a bronchial
tube.

bronchoplasty (brong'-ko-plas-te) [broncho-; ir\aa-
aeiv, to form]. The closure of a tracheal or bronchial
fistula by operation.

bronchoplegia (brong-ko-ple'-je-ah) [broncho-; w\riyri,
a blow]. Paralysis of the bronchial tubes.

bronchopleurisy (brong-ko-plu'-ris-e). Bronchitis
existing with pleurisy.

bronchopleuropneumonia (brong-ko-plu-ro-nu-mo'-
ne-ah). Coexistent bronchitis, pleurisy, and pneu-
monia.

bronchopneumonia (brong-ko-nu-mo'-ne-ah) [bron-
cho-; pneumonia]. Lobular pneumonia, a term
applied to inflammation of the lungs, which, begin-
ning in the bronchi, finally involves the parenchyma
of the lungs. This disease is most frequently en-
countered in children, but may occur in old age,
and may be a simple catarrhal or a tuberculous pro-
cess. Syn., bronchopneumonia; bronchoalveolitis ;
bronchopneumonias; catarrhal pneumonia; micro-
bronchitis.

broncho pneumonitis (brong-ko-nii-mon-i'-tis). Bron-
chopneumonia.

bronchopulmonary (brong-ko-pul'-mon-a-re) . Re-
lating to the bronchi and lungs.

bronchorrhagia {brong-kor-a'-je-ah) [broncho-;
prjyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
bronchial tubes.

bronchorrhea, bronchorrhcea (brong-kor-e'-ah)
[broncho-; ptlv, to flow]. A form of bronchitis
attended with profuse expectoration. Syn., blen-
norrhagia pulmonum; bronchoblennorrhea. b., serous,
a form in which the sputum is serous. ■

bronchorrhoncus (brong-kor-ong'-kus). A bron-
chial rale.

bronchoscope (brong'-ko-skop) [broncho-; axoireiv,
to look]. An instrument employed for the direct
inspection of the interior of a bronchus.

bronchoscopy {brong-kos'-ko-pe). Inspection of
the interior of the bronchial tubes.

brdnchospasm (brong'-ko-spazm) [broncho-; spasm].
Bronchial spasm.

bronchostenosis (brong-ko-ste-no'-sis) [broncho-;
<rrev6s, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus.

bronchotetany (brong-ko-tet'-an-e) [broncho-; tetany].
A condition characterized by extreme dyspnea
caused by spasm of the muscles in the bronchi
preventing the access of air to the lungs.

bronchotome (brong'-ko-tom) [broncho-; rkuveiv,
to cut]. An instrument for cutting the trachea or a
bronchus in the operation of bronchotomy,-

bronchotomy (brong-kot'-o-me) [see bronchotome].
Incision into the trachea, or bronchus.

bronchotracheal (brong-ko-tra'-ke-al) [broncho-;
rpaxela, the windpipe]. Relating to a bronchus
(or to both bronchi) and to the trachea.

bronchovesicular (brong-ko-ves-ik'-u-lar) [broncho-;
vesicula, a vesicle]. Both bronchial and vesicular.
See breath-sounds, table of.

bronchus (brong'-kus) [0p6yxos, bronchus; pi.,
bronchi]. One of the primary divisions of the
trachea, b., eparterial, the first branch of the right
bronchus situated above the right pulmonary artery.
b., hyparterial, the left bronchus and the remaining
branches of the right bronchus, situated below the
pulmonary artery.

bronzed (bronzd). Tanned; of a bronzed color.
b. skin, a symptom of Addison's disease, b.-skin
disease. See Addison's disease.

brood-cells, in cell-division, the mother-cells
inclosing the daughter-cells.

broom. See Scoparius.

brossage (bro-sazh) [Fr. "brushing"]. The re-
moving of granulations with a stiff brush, as in
trachoma.

Brossard's type of progressive muscular atrophy
(bros-ar'). "Type femoral avec griffe des orteils"
(femoral type with a claw-like appearance of the
toes). See Eichhorst's type.

broth. See bouillon.

broussaisism (broo-sa-izm) [Francois Joseph Victor
Broussais, French physician, 1772-1838]. The
opinion that gastro-intestinal irritation is the prime
cause of disease.

brow (brow) [AS., bru]. The forehead; the super-
ciliary ridge; the eyebrow; the upper anterior portion
of the head, b.-ache, b.-ague, neuralgia of the first
division of the fifth cranial nerve, generally due to
malaria, b.-pang. Synonym of hemicrania. b.
presentation, presentation of the fetal brow in labor.

brown (broun) [AS., brun]. Having a dark color
inclining toward red or yellow., b. atrophy, an
atrophy of a tissue associated with a deposit therein
of a brown or yellow pigment, b., Bismarck-.
See Bismarck-brown, b. induration of lung, a state
of the lung due to long-continued congestion, usually
arising from valvular heart disease. It is charac-
terized by an increase in connective tissue and an
excess of pigment, b. mixture, mistura glycyrrhizse
composita. b. ointment, the unguentum fuscum
(N. F.); called also unguentum matris, or "mother's
salve." It is composed of "brown plaster," 2 parts;
oil, 1 part; suet, 1 part. b. plaster, the emplastrum
fuscum camphoratum (N. F.) ; called also emplastrum
matris camphoratum, or "camphorated mother's
plaster"; official in German pharmacy. It is made
of red oxide of lead, 30 parts; olive-oil, 60 parts;
yellow wax, 15 parts; camphor, 1 part.

Brown's phenomenon. See Brownian movement.

Browne's (Crichton) sign. Tremor of the labial
commissures and outer angles of the eyes in the
early stage of paralytic dementia.

Brownian movement [Robert Brown, English
botanist, 1773-1858]. An oscillatory movement
observed under the microscope in very fine granules,
drops, etc., when suspended in a liquid. The move-
ment is not locomotion, and is to be distinguished
from that of the self-motility of living microorganisms.
Its cause is not definitely known, but it may be
due to heat, light, electricity, osmosis, etc. Same as
pedesis.

Brownism (brown-izm). See brunonian theory.

Brown-Sequard's paralysis (sa-kar') [Charles
Edouard Brown-S'equard, French physiologist and
neurologist, i8i7-i8Q7]« Paralysis and hyperesthe-
sia of one side and anesthesia of the other side of
the body.

Bruce and Muir, septomarginal tract of. A part
of the descending posteromedial tract of the spinal
cord.

BRUCEA

171

BRYONIA

Brucea {bru-se'-ah) [Bruce, the Abyssinian ex-
plorer (1730-1794)]- A genus of plants of the
order Simarubece. B. ferruginea is an Abyssinian
species; the bark and root are used in dysentery.
B. sumatrana is a species of the Asiatic tropics and
of Australia; all parts of the plant are bitter, tonic,
febrifuge, vermifuge, and antidysenteric.

Bruch's glands {brook) [Carl Wilhelm Ludwig
Bruch, German anatomist, 18 19-1884], Lymph-
follicles found in the conjunctiva about the inner
canthus of ruminants. B.'s layer, B.'s membrane,
the lamina basalis which forms the inner boundary
of the choroid.

brucine (bru'-seri) [Brucea], C23H26N2O4. A poison-
ous alkaloid found in Strychnos nux-vomica and in
Strychnos ignatia. It crystallizes in prisms con-
taining 4H2O, and melts at 178 °. Its taste is ex-
ceedingly bitter and acrid. Its action on the animal
economy is similar to, but much less powerful than,
that of strychnine. Dose xV~ \ gr. (0.005-0.03 Gm.) ;
maximum dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.), single; 3 gr. (0.2
Gm.) a day Antidotes: chloral, chloroform, tannic
acid. Syn., brucia; brucinum; brucium; pseudo-
angustin; vomicine. b. hydrobromide, C23H26N2O4 . -
HBr, a substitute for strychnine in ophthalmic
surgery; it is 40 times less poisonous, b. hydro-
chloride, C23H26N2O4 . HC1, small whi£e crystals,
soluble in water; used as is brucine. b. nitrate,
C23H26N2O4 . HNO3 +3H2O4, white crystalline powder,
soluble in water; used as is brucine. b. phosphate,
(C23H26N204).H2P04, white, crystalline powder,
soluble in water; use and dose the same as those of
brucine. b. sulphate, (C23H26N204)2HS204+35H20,
white, microscopic crystals, soluble in water and
alcohol; use and dosage the same as those of brucine.

Brack's disease. A syndrome described by Bruck
as consisting of multiple fractures and marked
deformity of bones, ankylosis of most of the joints,
and muscular atrophy.

Brudzinski's signs (brood-zin'-ske). 1. In menin-
gitis, if the neck of the patient is bent forwards,
flexion occurs at the hip, knee and ankle. 2. In
meningitis, when forcible flexion of the lower limb
on one side is made, flexion or extension will be
observed in the opposite limb; this is also called
contralateral reflex.

Bruecke's lines {brook' -eh) [Ernst Wilhelm Bruecke,
Austrian physiologist, 1819-1892]. The broad bands
which alternate with Krause's membranes in the
fibrils of striated muscles. B.'s muscle. 1. See
Bowman's muscle. 2. The muscularis mucosa? of
the small and large intestine. B.'s reagent for pro-
teids, saturate a boiling 10 % solution of potassium
iodide with freshly precipitated mercuric iodide.
Filter when cool; the filtrate is used with hydro-
chloric acid as a precipitant for the proteids. B.'s
tunica nervea, the layers of the retina, exclusive of
the rods and cones.

Bruenninghausen's method (bru'-ning-how-zen)
[Hermann Joseph Bruenninghausen, German physi-
cian, 1 761-1834]. The induction of premature labor
by dilating the cervix uteri.

Braggiser's hernia. See Kroenlein's hernia.

bruise (brooz). See contusion.

bruissement (bru-es-mon(g)) [Ft.]. A purring
sound heard on auscultation.

bruit (bru-e) [Ft., "a noise or report"]. An ad-
ventitious sound heard on auscultation. For kinds —
amphoric, rotatory, etc. — see murmur, b., aneurys-
mal, the blowing murmur heard over an aneurysm.
b. d'airain, the ringing note heard through the
stethoscope applied to the chest-wall when a coin is
struck against another pressed against the surface
of the chest on the opposite side. It is pathogno-
monic of a collection of gas in the pleural cavity.
b. de clapbtement, a splashing sound often heard in
cases of well-marked dilatation of the storrfach when
pressure is made upon the abdominal walls, b. de
craquement, b. de cuir neuf, the creaking sound,
like that of new leather, sometimes heard in peri-
carditis, b. de diable, a humming, rushing sound
heard in the veins in anemia, b. de drapeau, a
rustling murmur heard in croup and laryngitis.
b. de froissement, a clashing sound of the lungs or
heart, b. de galop, a cantering rhythm of the heart-
sounds, in which, owing to a reduplication of the
second sound, three sounds are heard. It occurs
most frequently in mitral stenosis, b. de lime, a
cardiac sound as if made by a file or saw. b. de
moulin, the water-wheel sound, b. de pot fele,

the cracked-pot sound, b. de rappel, a sound
resembling the double beat upon a drum. b. de
scie. Same as b. de lime. b. de soufflet, the bellows-
murmur, b., placental, the uterine souffle, a blowing
sound heard over the uterus in pregnancy.

Brun's law (broon). Same as Bastian's law, q. v.

Bran's test for uric acid in minute particles.
Examine the particle in naphthalin monobromide,
the index of refraction of which is 1.66. Compare
this with indexes of refraction of uric acid, 1.73;
calcium oxalate, 1.60; calcium phosphate, 1.63. If
on raising the tube of the microscope the crystal
becomes brilliant, the substance under the micro-
scope has a higher index than the fluid in which it is
immersed; it becomes darker if the substance has a
lower index than the fluid.

branet, or brunette (bru-nef) [Ft.]. 1. Of a dark
complexion. 2. One with a dark complexion.

Brunfelsia (brun-fel'-se-ah) [O. Brunfels, a botanist
of Metz, 1464-1534]. A genus of plants of the
order Saponacece. A syrup made from the fruit of
B. americana, a West Indian species, is used as a
tonic in recovery from diarrhea. B. uniflora, of
Brazil, is purgative, emetic, and emmenagogue.
Syn., mer curio vegetal.

Brann's cell-nests, B.'s epithelial nests {broon)
[Albert von Brunn, German anatomist, 1849-1895].
Branched or solid groups of fiat epithelial cells oc-
curring in all normal ureters. B.'s glands. See
Brunner's glands. B.'s layer, B.'s membrane, the
stratum of more or less pyramidal epithelial cells
forming the deep layer of the nasal mucous membrane.

Brunner's glands (broo'-ner) [Johann Conrad
Brunner, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1727]- The race-
mose glands found in the wall of the duodenum.

Branonian movement. See Brownian movement.
B. theory, Brownism; a doctrine, taught by Dr. John
Brown (1735-88), that both physiological and
pathological phenomena are due to variations in a
natural stimulus, its excess causing sthenic, and its
deficiency producing asthenic, diseases.

brush [OF., broce]. An instrument consisting of a
collection of some flexible material fastened to a
handle. In medicine various forms of brushes are
employed, as the acid brush, of glass threads; the
electric brush, an electrode in the form of a brush;
the laryngeal brush; the nasal, pharyngeal, and
stomach brush, b.-burn, the injury produced by
violent friction and the resulting heat;_ it often
resembles a burn or scald, b., terminal. See
motorial end-plate.

Bryant's ampulla (bri'-ant) [Sir Thomas Bryant,
English surgeon]. The apparent distention of an
artery immediately above a ligature, due to the
contraction of the vessel above the ampulla, where it
is not completely filled by the clot. B.'s iliofemoral
triangle, the rectangle formed by a vertical line
dropped from the anterior superior iliac spine to the
horizontal plane of the body; by a second line drawn
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tip of
the trochanter, and by a third, the "test-line," which
joins the two at a right angle to the vertical line.
Shortening of the neck of the femur will be indicated
by a shortening of the test-line. B.'s line, the
vertical line forming one of the boundaries of the
iliofemoral triangle. B.'s operation," for lumbar
colotomy; an oblique incision is made midway between
the last rib and the iliac crest. The bowel is fixed
in position and opened.

Bryce's test [James Bryce, Scotch physician].
For vaccinal infection: the inoculation is repeated
at a certain period in the evolution of vaccinia, upon
the theory that systemic infection does not take place
at once, but only after the lapse of a number of days
from the time of inoculation.

brygmus (brig'-mus) [fipvynfc, biting]. Same as
odontoprisis.

bryology (bri-oV-o-je) [Ppvov, a moss; X670S, a
science]. The science of mosses.

bryonia (bri-o'-ne-ah) [fipvoivla, bryony]. Bryony.
The root of B. alba and B. dioica, indigenous to
Europe. Its properties are due to an intensely bitter
glucoside, bryonin, C4SH80O19, which is a strong irri-
tant when applied to the skin or mucous membrane,
often producing vesication. It is used in pleurisy,
pleuropneumonia, rheumatic fever, and colds. Dose
of the powdered root 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of
the infusion (1 : 16) \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc); of the
tincture, a 10 % solution of the root in alcohol, 1-2
dr. (4-8 Cc).

BRYONIDIN

172

BUFOTALIN

bryonidin (bri-on'-id-in). A glucoside isolated from
Bryonia alba, more active than bryonin.

bryonin {bri'-o-niri). See under bryonia.

bryony (bri-o'-ne). See bryonia.

bryoplastic (bri-o-plas'-tik) [fipvov, moss; niKaaaeiv,
to form]. A descriptive term loosely applied to such
abnormal growths of tissue as resemble vegetable
forms.

Bryson's sign [Alexander Bryson, English physi-
cian, 1802-1869]. Diminished power of expansion
of the thorax during inspiration; occasionally ob-
served in exophthalmic goiter and in neurasthenia.

B. S. Abbreviation for (1) Bachelor of Science
and (2) Bachelor of Surgery.

B. Sc. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Science.

bubo (bu'-bo) [Povfiwv, the groin]. Inflammation
and swelling of a lymphatic gland, particularly of
the groin, and usually following chancroid, gonorrhea,
or syphilitic infection. Syn., adin; inguinal adenitis;
sympathetic abscess, b., absorption. See b., viru-
lent, b., indolent, one with enlargement and hyper-
plasia without the formation of pus or any tendency
to break down. Syn., adenitis e blennorrhea; adenitis
e sclerosi. b., parotid. See parotitis, b., pesti-
lential, that associated with the plague, b., pri-
mary, a slight adenitis of the groin due to mechanical
irritation or other cause; formerly supposed to be
due to syphilis without a chancre having preceded.
b., rheumatic, a hard lump, occurring oftenest on
the back of the neck, as a sequel of acute articular
rheumatism, b., serpiginous, an ulcerated bubo
which changes its seat or in which the ulceration
extends in one direction while healing in another.
b., simple. See b., sympathetic, b., strumous,
hypertrophied glands forming a large indolent
swelling in a scrofulous subject. b., sympathetic,
one caused by irritation, friction, injury, etc., and
not arising from an infectious disease, b., syphilitic,
that which appears in syphilis a few days after the
primary lesion. It runs a slow course of six months
or more. Syn., primitive syphilitic adenitis, b.,
venereal, that due to venereal disease, b., viru-
lent, an ulcerated, suppurating bubo due to ab-
sorption of the virus of a chancre. Syn., chancrous
adenitis.

bubon d'emblee [Fr.]. See bubo, primary.

bubonadenitis (bu-bon-ad-en-i'-tis) [bubo; adriv, a
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of an
inguinal gland.

bubonalgia (bu-bon-al'-je-ah) [bubo; akyos, pain].
Pain in the inguinal region.

bubonic (bu-bon'-ik) [see bubo]. Relating to a
bubo. b. plague. Synonym of plague.

bubonocele (bu-bon'-o-sel) [fiovfiuiv, the groin;
Kifhi), hernia]. Inguinal hernia when the gut does
not extend beyond the inguinal canal.

bubononcus {bu-bon-ong'-kus) [bubo; 67/cos, a
tumor]. A swelling in the groin.

bubonopanus (Jbu-bon-o-pa'-nus) [bubo; irapos,
torch]. An inguinal bubo.

bubonulus (bu-bon'-u-lus) [L., dim. of bubo].
Lymphangitis of the dorsum of the penis, often with
abscesses; due to chancroidal virus.

bubophthalmia (bu-bof-thal'-me-ah). See kerato-
globus.

bucardia (bii-kar'-de-ah) [/3o0s, ox; Kapdla, heart].
Cor bovinum; see bovine heart.

bucca (buk'-ah) [L. gen. and pi., bucca]. 1. The
cheek; the hollow of the cheek, or its inner surface.
2. The mouth.

buccal {buk'-al) [bucca, the cheek]. Pertaining
to the cheek or mouth, b. coitus, sexual perversion
where gratification is found by mouth.

buccellation (buk-sel-a'-shun) [bucella, a morsel].
Hemostasis by a lint compress.

buccilingual (buk-se-ling'-wal) [bucca; lingua, the
tongue]. Relating to the cheek and the tongue.

buccinatolabialis (buk-sin-al-o-la-be-a'-lis). The
buccinator and orbicularis oris regarded as one.

buccinator (buk'-sin-a-tor) [L., "a trumpeter"].
The thin, fiat muscle of the cheek. See muscles,
table of.

buccobranchial (buk-o-brang'-ke-al). Relating to
the mouth and the branchial cavity.

buccocervical (buk-o-ser' -vik-al) [bucca, cheek;
cervix, neck]. Pertaining to the cheek and the neck.

buccogingival (buk-o-jin'-jiv-al). Pertaining to
the cheek and the gums.

buccolabial (buk-o-la' -be-al) [bucca, cheek; labium,
lip]. Pertaining to the cheek and the lip.

buccolingually (buk-o-lin'-gwal-e). From the cheek
toward the tongue.

buccopharyngeal (buk-o-far-in'-je-al) [bucca, the
mouth; pharynx]. Relating to the mouth and to
the pharynx.

buccula (buk'-u-lah) [L., dim. of bucca]. The
fleshy fold seen beneath the chin, and forming what
is called a double chin.

Buchner's albuminoid bodies (bookh'-ner). De-
fensive proteids. B.'s humoral theory of immunity.
This supposes that a reactive change has been brought
about in the integral cells of the body by the primary
affection from which there has been recovery, and
this change is protective against similar invasions
of the same organism.

buchu (bu'-kii) [native African]. The leaves of
several species of Barosma, yielding a volatile oil,
to which its properties are probably due, and a
bitter extractive, barosmin. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-
0.32 Gm.). It causes a sensation of glowing warmth
over the body, stimulates the appetite, and increases
the circulation. It is useful in cystitis and other
affections of the genitourinary mucous membrane.
Dose of the leaves 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). b., fluid-
extract of (fluidextr actum buchu, U. S. P.). Dose 10
min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). b., infusion of (infusum
buchu, B. P.J. Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc). b. resin,
barosma. b., tincture of (tinctura buchu, B. P.).
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

Buchwald's atrophy (buk-volt). Idiopathic, diffuse,
progressive atrophy of the skin.

Buck's extension [Gurdon Buck, American surgeon,
1807-1877]. An apparatus consisting of a weight
and pulley for applying extension to a limb. B.'s
fascia, the sheath of the corpora cavernosa and the
corpus spongiosum, which arises from the symphysis
pubis by the suspensory ligament of the penis and
is continuous with the deep layer of the superficial
perineal fascia.

buck-bean (buk'-ben). Bog-bean. The rhizome
of Menyanthes trifoliata, tonic, antiscorbutic, and
emmenagogue. It has been recommended as a vermi-
fuge, and has been used in functional amenorrhea.
Dose of fluidextr act 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc).

bucket fever. Dengue, q. v.

buckeye bark (buk'-i bark). The bark of ^Esculus
glabra, astringent and tonic, used in rectal irritation,
prolapse, and various uterine derangements. Dose
of fluidextr act 3-5 min. (0.2-0.32 Cc).

buckthorn {buk' -thorn) . See frangula and rhamnus.
b., California. See cascara sagrada.

bucnemia (buk-ne'-me-ah) [0ous, an ox; wri/it],
the leg]. Inflammation of the leg, characterized
by tenseness and swelling; elephantiasis; also phleg-
masia dolens. b. tropica, elephantiasis arabum.

Budd's cirrhosis [William Budd, English physi-
cian, 1811-1880]. Hepatic cirrhosis due to auto-
intoxication from the gastrointestinal tract. B.'s
jaundice. See Rokitansky's disease.

Budde's method (bood'-deh) [G. Budde, Danish
chemist]. A method of preserving milk. To a
quart of fresh milk 12 cc of a 3 per cent, solution of
peroxide of hydrogen is added; the mixture is heated
to 1240 F., for a few hours, and is then rapidly cooled,
when it is supposed to be sterilized.

buddeise (bood'-de-lz). To treat by Budde's
method.

budding (bud'-ing) [ME., budden]. In biology, a
form of reproduction or cell-division, occurring among
the polyps and infusorians, in which a bud is given
off by the parent and comes to resemble the latter.
The process is also called gemmation.

Budge's center. 1. The ciliospinal center in the
cervical spinal cord. 2. The genitospinal center
in the lumbar spinal cord.

Buehlmann's fibers (b el-man). Certain lines on
decayed teeth.

Buetschili's nuclear spindle (bet'-she-le). The
spindle-shaped figure observed during karyokinesis.

buffers' consumption (buf'-erz con-sump' -shun).
The phthisis occurring among metal-polishers.

bufty coat (buf'-e). A grayish or buff -colored
crust or layer sometimes seen upon a blood-clot,
after phlebotomy, and once looked upon as a sign of
inflammation. It is caused by the partial subsidence
of the red blood-corpuscles.

bufidine {bu'-fid-en) [bufo, the toad]. Phrynine,
a poisonous alkaloid from the venom of the toad.

bufotalin (bic-fo'-tal-in), C119H171O25. A toxic
substance isolated by Phisalix and Bertrand from

BUFOTENIN

173

BUNSEN BURNER

the parotid gland and skin of the common toad,
Bufo vulgaris; it is a transparent resin, soluble in
chloroform, alcohol, and acetone. It acts on the
heart and does not affect the nervous centers.

bufotenin (bii-fo'-ten-in). A toxic body found
with bufotalin (q. v.) ; it exerts a powerfully paralyzing
action on the nervous centers.

bugantia (bu-gan'-she-ah) [L.]. A chilblain.

buggery (bug'-er-e) [OF., bougre, an heretic].
Sodomy; bestiality.

bugleweed (bu'-gl-wed). The herb, Lycopus
virginicus, narcotic and astringent. Dose of fldext.
5 ss-ij. Lycopin, concentrated extract. Dose gr.
j-iv.

Buhl's desquamative pneumonia (bool) [Ludwig
von Buhl, German physician, 1816-1880]. Caseous
pneumonia, in which the exudate consists chiefly
of desquamated alveolar epithelium. B.'s disease,
acute fatty degeneration of the viscera of the new-
born, with hemorrhages in various parts of the body.

Buhl-Dittrich's law. In every case of acute general
miliary tuberculosis an old focus of caseation is to
be found somewhere in the body. This law, being
based upon the belief in the etiologic nonidentity
of diffuse caseous and miliary tuberculosis, is not in
conformity with modern views.

bukardia (bil-kar'-de-ah) [PovicapSia., ox-heart].
Hypertrophy of the heart.

Bulam, or Bulama boil (bu'-lam or bu-lam'-ah).
A boil occurring on the African island of Bulam;
probably caused by a burrowing-worm or insect-
larva. B. fever, a West-Africa coast fever, said to
be identical with yellow fever.

bulb [L., bulbus]. 1. An oval or circular expansion
of a cylinder or tube. 2. The medulla oblongata.
b., arterial, the anterior part of the embryonic heart
from the division of which the aortic and pulmonary-
stems have their origin, b., brachial, b., brachi-
orhachidian, the expansion of the spinal cord at the
place of distribution of the nerves forming the
brachial plexus, b. of the corpus cavernosum, the
swelling at the junction of the corpora cavernosa.
b., crural, the dilatation of the spinal cord in the
lumbar region, b., dental, dental papilla, b. of
the eye, the eyeball, b.s, four, the corpora quadri-
gemina. b., gustatory. See taste-bulbs, b., hair-,
the swelling at the root of a hair, b., nerve-. See
end-bud and motorial end-plate, b., olfactory, one of
the two bulbs of the olfactory nerve situated on each
side of the longitudinal fissure upon the under sur-
face of each anterior lobe of the cerebrum, b.,
rhachidian, the oblongata. b. of spinal cord, b. of
spinal marrow, the oblongata, b.s, tonsillar, the
lobules of the cerebellum. Syn., bulbi tonsillares.
b. of urethra, the posterior expanded part of the
corpus spongiosum, b. of vagina, a small body of
erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule of the
vagina, homologous to the bulb of the urethra of
the male. b. of vena jugularis, the dilatation at the
termination of the external jugular vein.

bulbar (bul'-bar). Bulbous. Pertaining to the
medulla, b. disease, b. paralysis, a term applied
to the progressive and symmetrical paralysis of the
muscles of the mouth, tongue, pharynx, and some-
times those of the larynx. This paralysis is due to a
disease of the motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata;
an acute and a chronic form are met. The acute
form is due to hemorrhage or softening; the chronic,
to degeneration. There is also a pseudobulbar
paralysis, due to symmetrical lesions of the motor
cerebral cortex. Syn., labioglossolaryngeal paralysis.

bulbi vestibuli (btd'-bi ves-tib'-u-li) [L.J. A name
sometimes given to the glands of Bartholin.

bulbocavernosus (bul-bo-kav-ern-o'-sus) [bulb;
caverna, a cavern]. The accelerator urinae muscle,
corresponding to the sphincter vaginae of the female.

bulbonuclear (bul-bo-nu' '-kle-ar) . Relating to the
oblongata and its nerve-nuclei.

bulbopetal (bul-bop'-et-al) [bulb; pelere, to seek].
Moving toward the bulb ; said of nerve-impulses.

bulbourethral {bul-bo-u-re'-thral) [bulb; ovpi)dpa,
the urethra]. Relating to the bulb of the urethra.

bulbous [bulb]. Terminating in a bulb.

bulbus (bul'-bus) [L.]. A bulb. b. arteriosus,
at a certain stage in the development of the heart
the upper aortic enlargement is so called, b. cin-
ereus. See bulb, olfactory, b. crinis, a hair-bulb.
b. oculi, the globe of the eye. b. pili. Same as
b. crinis. b. rhachidicus, the oblongata, b. urethras.
See urethra, b. venae jugularis internae inferior, an

enlargement of the jugular vein immediately above
its union with the subclavian vein. b. venae jugularis
internae superior, an enlargement of the internal
jugular vein at the point of exit from the jugular
foramen, b. vestibuli, the bulb of the vagina; see
bulb of vagina.

bulesis (bu-le'-sis) [/3ouXi?<ris, the will]. The will,
or an act of the will.

bulimia (bu-lim'-e-ah) [/Sous, an ox; Xi/z6s, hunger].
Excessive, morbic hunger; it sometimes occurs in
idiots and insane persons, and it is also a symptom
of diabetes mellitus and of certain cerebral lesions.
Syn., bulimiasis; bulimy.

bulimic (bu-lim'-ik). See bulimia.

bulla (bul'-ah) [L., "a bubble"]. A bleb or blister,
consisting of a portion of the epidermis detached
from the skin by the infiltration beneath it of watery
fluid, the result of a liquefaction-necrosis, b.
dolentissima, a small, very painful cutaneous ulcer,
which persists for a long time. b. ethmoidalis, a
rounded projection into the middle meatus of the
nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid cell. b. a frigore,
a blister from the effect of cold, bullae gangraenosae,
those occurring in moist gangrene of the skin. b.
ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the bony ex-
ternal meatus of the ear.

bullate (bul'-at) [bulla, a bubble]. 1. Inflated;
fornicated and with thin walls; blistered; marked
by bullae. 2. Of bacterial cultures, a growth rising
in convex prominences, like a blistered surface.

bullation {bul-a'-shun) [bullare, to bubble]. 1. In-
flation. 2. Division into small compartments.

bull-dog forceps. Forceps with strong teeth and
a clasp to prevent slipping.

Buller's shield. A watch-glass in a frame of
adhesive plaster or rubber worn in front of the
sound eye to protect it from an infected eye.

bullet forceps. For extracting bullets.

bulletin (JbuV -let-in) [bulla, a seal]. A brief,
official statement of a patient's condition.

bullet-probe. An instrument for locating bullets.

bullous (bul'-us) [bulla]. Marked by bullae; of
the nature of a bulla.

bundle {bun'-dl) [AS., bindan, to bind]. In
biology, a fascicular grouping of elementary tissues,
as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers, b., aberrant, a
band of nerve-fibers in the isthmus of the gyrus
fornicatus. b., anterior marginal, the ventral part
of the descending cerebellar tract in the spinal cord.
b., atrioventricular, the bundle of His. b., ground,
anterior, the anterior root zone in the white matter
of the spinal cord, b., ground, lateral, a part of the
lateral column of the cord extending from the ventral
to the dorsal horn, b., hemispheral, the posterior
one of the two bundles composing the anterior com-
missure. It originates in the pyramidal cells of the
temporal lobe and amygdaloid nucleus, passes through
the external capsule and lenticula, unites with the
mesial part of the commissure at the point of the
decussation of its fibers, and radiates to the opposite
temporal lobe, b., longitudinal, a bundle of fibers
outside of the optic radiation, passing from the occi-
pital to the temporal lobe, b., marginal, a small
fasciculus at the end of the dorsal cornu of the spinal
cord, b., primitive, b., Schwann's primitive, a
muscular fiber, b., respiratory, the solitary fasci-
culus, b., solitary, b., trineural. See under solitary.
See also Helweg, His, Krause, Lenhossek, Meynert,
Spitzka, Stilling, Turck, Vicq d'Azyr, Weissmann.

Bunge's law. The epithelial cells of the mammary
gland (of the rabbit, cat, and dog) select from the
mineral salts of the blood-plasma all the inorganic
substances exactly in the proportion in which they
are necessary for the development of the offspring
and for the building-up of the latter's organism.

bunioid {boo' -ne-oid) [fiowos, a hill; elSos, like-
ness]. _ Having a round form; applied to tumors.

bunion (bun'-yun) [origin uncertain]. A swelling
of a bursa of the foot, especially of the metatarso-
phalangeal joint of the great toe.

bunodont (bu'-no-dont) [(iovvos, a hill, mound;
6606s, tooth]. Pertaining to tuberculate molar
teeth.

bunogaster {bu-no-gas'-ter) [fiowos, a little hill;
yao-rrip, stomach]. A protruding abdomen.

Bunsen burner [Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German
chemist and physicist, 1811-1899]. A form of burner
in which, before ignition, the gas is mixed with a
sufficient quantity of air to produce complete oxi-
dation. B. cell. In this the positive element is

BUPHANE

174

BURTON'S LINE

zinc; the negative element, carbon; exciting agent,
dilute sulphuric acid; depolarizing agent, nitric acid;
E.M.F., 1.75-1-96 volts.

Buphane {bu'-fan-e) [L.]. A genus of plants of
the order Amaryllidea. B. disticha is a native of
the Cape of Good Hope; the juice of the bulb is
used as an arrow-poison by the Hottentots.

buphthalmia, buphthalmos {buf-thal'-me-ah, -mos).
See keratoglobus.

bur, burr [ME., burre]. 1. In botany, a rough,
prickly shell or case. 2. The lobe of the ear. 3. In
dentistry, an instrument with a rounded, pointed,
cylindrical or ovoid head and a cutting blade, used
in the dental engine for excavating carious dentine
and for other purposes, b., surgical, an instrument
similar in form to a dental bur, but larger, designed
for surgical operations upon the bones.

Burckhardt's corpuscles, peculiar angular or
roundish bodies of a yellowish color found in the
secretion of trachoma.

burcquism {boork'-izm). See metallotherapy.

Burdach's column {boor'-dakh) [Karl Friedrich
Burdach, German physiologist, 1776-1847]. The
posteroexternal column of the spinal cord. B.'s
fissure, a small fissure between the insula and the
operculum. B.'s nucleus, the cuneate nucleus, a
small nucleus of gray matter in the funiculus cuneatus
of the oblongata, forming the termination of the long
fibers of Burdach's column. B.'s operculum. See
Arnold's operculum.

burdock (Jber'-dok). See Lappa.

burette, buret {bu-ret') [Fr.]. A graduated tube
designed for measuring small quantities of a reagent.
It is usually held vertically in a stand and is provided
with a stopcock.

Burgundy pitch. See under pix.

burking [Burke, a noted criminal]. Suffocation
produced- by a combination of pressure on the chest
with closure of the mouth and nostrils. This was
the method employed by Burke.

Burma boil. A form of endemic ulcer common
in Burma. B. head, a disease of the Burmese
territory marked by loss of memory, idiocy, homicidal
mania, and inability to walk.

burn. 1. To become inflamed. 2. To char or
scorch. 3. To have the sensation of heat. 4. An
injury caused by fire or dry heat. 5- A disease in
vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to oxygenize. 7. In
surgery, to cauterize, b., brush-. See brush-burn.

Burnam's test for formaldehyde {bur'-nam) [Curtis
Field Burnam, American surgeon]. Same as Rimini's
test, q. v.

burner [see burn], A common name for a lamp
or heating apparatus used in laboratories for chemical
and pharmaceutical purposes. See Argand, Bunsen.

Burnett's disinfecting fluid {bur-net') [Sir William
Burnett, English surgeon, 1779-1861]. A strong solu-
tion of zinc chloride with a little iron chloride.

burning (burn'-ing) [ME., bernen, to burn]. Con-
suming with heat or fire. b. bush, euonymus. b.
glass, a convex lens or concave mirror causing a
sufficient concentration of the sun's rays to ignite an
object placed at the focus, b. of the feet, a neurotic
affection of the soles of the feet, common in India.
b. oil, kerosene, b. point, in testing petroleum oils,
the temperature at which a spark or lighted jet will
ignite the liquid itself, which then continues to burn.
This point is usually 6° to 200 C. higher than the
flash-point, but there is no fixed relation between the
two.

Burns' amaurosis [John Burns, Scotch physician,
1774-1850]. Postmarital amblyopia. Impaired
vision caused by sexual excess. B.'s ligament [Alan
Burns, Scotch anatomist, 1781-1813]. See Hey's
ligament.

Burow's solution {boo'-ro) [Karl August Burow,
German surgeon, 1 809-1 874]. A solution consisting
of alum, 5 parts; lead acetate, 25 parts; in 500 parts
of water; used to wash old ulcers. B.'s vein. An
inconstant venous trunk formed by branches of the
inferior epigastric veins and joining the umbilical vein.

burquism (berk'-izm). Same as burcquism.

burr. See bur.

burring {bur'-ing) [ME., borre, a harshness in the
throat]. Rhotacism; in stammering, the mispro-
nunciation of the letter r. b. engine, a dental
appliance for the use of burs, etc., in forming cavities,
etc. See dental engine.

burrow {bur' -6) [ME., borow, a hole]. 1. To make
a hole or furrow, as in the skin; said of the itch

insect. 2. To force a way through, as pus through
the tissues.

burrowing {bur'-o-irtg). The term given to the
passage of pus through the tissues after the formation
of an abscess.

bursa {bur'-sah) [L., "a purse"]. A small sac
interposed between parts that move upon one
another, b., accidental, b., adventitious, one
resembling a bursa mucosa, but due to friction or
pressure, b., acromial, external, one beneath the
acromion, between the coracoid process, the deltoid
muscle, and the capsular ligament, b., acromial,
internal, one lying above the acromion, between the
tendon of the infraspinatus and the teres major.
b. anserina, one under the insertion of the gracilis
and sartorius muscles, b. cordis, the pericardium.
b., gluteal. See under gluteal, b., gluteofascial,
b., gluteotrochanteric, one lying between the tro-
chanter major and the gluteus maximus. b., iliac.
1. One lying between the tendon of the iliacus muscle
and the trochanter minor. 2. One between the
pelvic brim and the iliopsoas muscle, b. mucosa,
a membranous sac secreting synovial fluid, b.,
obturator, one under the tendon of the obturator
internus. b., omental, b. omentalis, a large cavity
formed by the peritoneum back of the stomach and
in the great omentum. The lesser peritoneal sac.
b. patellae, b. patellaris, one lying between the patella
and the skin. b. patellae amplificata, housemaid's
knee. b. patellaris lateralis externa, one lving
between the patella and the external lateral dilatation
of the tendon of the quadriceps extensor cruris;
it is rarely found, b. patellaris lateralis interna,
one between the patella and the inner lateral dilatation
of the quadriceps extensor cruris; it may be either
deep or superficial, b. pharyngea, a blind pouch
projecting upward from the pharynx toward the
occipital bone, b., plantar, one over the instep
either above or below a tendon, b., popliteal, a bursa
situated in the popliteal space between the tendon
of the semimembranosus and the tendon of the
inner head of the gastrocnemius, where they rub
against each other, b., prepatellar, a bursa situated
over the patella and the upper part of the patellar
ligament, b., riders', an enlarged bursa due to
excessive horseback riding, b. sacralis, one found
in the aged over the sacrococcygeal articulation or
over the spine of the fourth or fifth sacral vertebra.
b., subhyoid. See subhyoid bursa, b., synovial,
one found between tendons and bony surfaces.
b. testium, the scrotum.

bursal {bur'-sal) [bursa, a purse]. Pertaining to a
bursa, sac, or follicle.

bursalis {bursa' -lis). The obturator internus
muscle.

bursalogy {bur-sal' -o-je) [bursa, a purse; \6yos,
science]. The science or study of the bursas; the
anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the bursas.

Bursera {bur'-ser-ah) [Burser, German botanist].
A genus of tropical trees, several species of which
afford resinous gums. B. gummifera is a native of
South America; the resin, chibou or cachibou, is
used in plasters and salves and internally in diseases
of the lungs and kidney. The leaves are vulnerary,
the bark is anthelmintic and antigonorrheic, and the
root is used in diarrhea.

burserin {bur'-ser-in) [see Bursera]. A resinous
constituent of opobalsamum.

bursiform {bur'-sif-orm) [bursa, a purse; forma,
form]. _ Resembling a bursa.

bursine {bur' -sen). An alkaloid isolated from
Capsella bursa-pastoris. It is a yellow, deliquescent
powder, used as an astringent, tonic, and styptic
instead of ergot, and hypodermatically in aqueous
solution.

bursitis {bur-si' -tis) [bursa, a purse; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of a bursa, b., omental,
inflammation of the omental bursa, b., prepatel-
laris, housemaid's knee, b., retrocalcaneal. See
achillodynia. b., Thornwaldt's, catarrhal inflam-
mation of the anterior portion of the median recess
of the nasopharynx.

bursopathy {bur-sop' -ath-e) [bursa; iraffos, suffer-
ing]. Any disease ot the bursa, particularly dropsy
due to some general disease.

bursula {bur'-su-lah) [dim. of bursa, a purse].
A small bursa; the scrotum.

Burton's line [Henry Burton, English physician,
19th cent.]. A blue line along the margins of the
gums in chronic lead-poisoning.

BUTANE

175

BYTHIUM

butane (bu'-tan), C4H10. An anesthetic substance
isolated from petroleum. Syn., butyl hydride.

Butcher's saw [Richard G. Butcher, Irish sur-
geon]. A saw used in amputations and excisions;
it has a narrow blade that can be adjusted at any
angle, so that it runs easily and in any direction.

butter (but'-er) [butyrum, butter]. 1. The fatty
part of the milk obtained by rupturing the cells of
the fat-globules by "churning" or mechanical agi-
tation. 2. Various vegetable fats having the con-
sistency of butter. 3. Certain chemical products
having the appearance or consistence of butter.
b. of antimony, chloride of antimony, b. of cacao.
See cacao butter, b. of tin, chloride of tin. b. of
zinc, zinc chloride.

butterfly patch. A patch of lupus erythematosus
on the cheeks and nose.

butterine (but'-er-en) [butter]. An artificial sub-
stitute for butter, made principally of beef-fat.
Oleomargarine.

buttermilk (but'-er-milk). The liquid left after
extracting the butter from cream, b.-belly, a dis-
tended abdomen; pot-belly.

butternut (but'-er-nut). See juglans.

buttocks (but'-uks) [dim. of butt, an end]. The
nates. The fleshy part of the body posterior to the
hip-joints, formed by the masses of the glutei muscles.

button (but'-un). See furunculus orientalis. b.,
Amboyna. See frambesia. b. anastomosis, anas-
tomosis by means of a Murphy button, b., belly-,
the navel, b., Biskra. See furunculus orientalis.
b.-bush, the bark of Cephalanthus occidentalis, a
tonic, febrifuge, and diuretic. Dose of fluidextract
|-i dr. (2-4 Cc). b., Chlumsky's, an intestinal
button made of pure magnesium after the pattern
of the Murphy button. It remains undissolved for
four weeks, only the outer . part becoming softer.
b., Corrigan's, a steel, button-shaped cautery-iron,
introduced by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1802-80). b.-
makers' chorea. See chorea, buttonmaker's. b.,
Murphy, a device used in gastroenterostomy or
intestinal anastomosis, b.-snakeroot, the root of
Liatris spicata and of Eryngium yucccefolium; a
stimulant, tonic, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose
of fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). See Chlumsky,
Corrigan, Murphy.

buttonhole fracture. One in which a missile has
perforated the bone, b., mitral, an advanced degree
of constriction of the mitral orifice of the heart.
b. operation, boutonniere operation, q. v.

butyl (bu'-til) [butyrum, butter], C4H9. A hydro-
carbon alcohol radical, b.-chloral, b.-chloral hy-
drate. See chloral butylicum. b. hydride. See
butane, b.-hypnal, a combination of butyl-chloral
and antipyrine. It is hypnotic and antipyretic.

butylamine (bu-til'-am-in) [butyl; amine], C4H9NH2.
A substance contained in codliver oil, possessing
diuretic and diaphoretic properties.

butylene (bu' -til-en) [butyrum], C4H8. A hydro-
carbon belonging to the olefin series. It exists in
three isomeric forms, all of which are gases at ordi-
nary temperatures.

butyphus (bu-ti'-fus) [j3ovs, an ox; Tv<f>os, stupor].
The cattle-plague. Syn., rinderpest.

butyraceous (bu-tir-a'-se-us) [butyrum]. Resemb-
ling or containing butter.

butyrate (bu'-tir-at) [butyrum, butter]. A salt of
butyric acid.

butyric (bu-tir' -ik). Contained in butter; derived
from butter, b. acid. See acid, butyric.

butyrin (bu'-tir-in) [butyrum], C3Hs(C4H702)3.
A constant constituent of butter, together with olein,
stearin, and other glycerids. It is a neutral, yellow-
ish, liquid fat, having a sharp, bitter taste.

butyroid (bii'-tir-oid) [butyrum]. Buttery; having
the consistence of butter.

butyromel (bu-tir' -o-mel) . The proprietary name
for a mixture of 2 parts of fresh butter and 1 part of
honey, rubbed together until a clear yellow mixture
is obtained. It is used in preparing palatable pre-
parations of codliver oil and other nauseous oleaginous
substances.

butyrometer (bu-tir-om'-et-ur) [butyrum, butter;
ukrpov, measure]. An apparatus for determining
the proportion of fatty matter in milk.

butyroscope (bu-tir' -o-skop) [butyrum, butter;
o-KOTrelv, to look]. An instrument for estimating
the proportion of fat in milk.

buxine (buks'-in) [buxus, the box-tree]. Berberine,
the alkaloid of Buxus sempervirens. It is a white,
amorphous powder with a persistent bitter taste;
very insoluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol
and chloroform. It is used as a febrifuge; dose gr.
3-6.

buxus (buks'-us) [L., the box-tree]. A genus of
trees affording boxwood, b. sempervirens, the
common box or box-tree of Europe and Asia. Its
leaves, wood, and oil have been employed in medicine.

buyo cheek cancer (bu'-yo) [Tagalog term]. A
cancer of the cheek found in natives of the Philip-
pine Islands ; it is associated with the chewing of a
mass made up of buyo leaves, betel-nut, slaked lime
and tobacco.

Bychowski's test for albumin. Put a drop or
two of the urine into a test-tube filled with hot
water and shake it; in the presence of albumin a whit-
ish cloud is formed and is diffused through the liquid.
Phosphates give the same result, but the cloud dis-
appears on addition of a drop of acetic acid.

bynin (bi'-nin) [fivv-n, malt]. 1. A proteid, in-
soluble in water, found in malt. 2. A proprietary
liquid extract of malt made in England, b. amara,
a combination of bynin (2) with the phosphates of
iron, quinine, and strychnine.

bynol (bi'-nol). A combination* of malt extract
and cod-liver oil.

Byrd's method (bird) [Harvey Leonidas Byrd,
American physician, 1820-1884]. For artificial
respiration in asphyxia neonatorum: The physician's
hands are placed under the middle portion of the
child's back, with their ulnar borders in contact and
at right angles to the spine. With the thumbs
extended, the two extremities of the trunk are carried
forward by gentle but firm pressure, so that they
form an angle of 45 degrees with each other in the
diaphragmatic region. Then the angle is reversed
by carrying backward the shoulders and the nates.

byrolin (bir'-ol-in). A proprietary remedy said
to be a combination of boric acid, glycerol, and
lanolin, and recommended for use in skin diseases.

bysma (biz'-mah) [/3uo>ia, a stopper; plug: pi.,
bysmata]. A plug or tampon.

byssinosis (bis-in-o'-sis) . A pulmonary affection
due to the inhalation of cotton-dust.

byssocausis (bis-o-kaw'-sis) [/3iWos, cotton; kuvo-ls,
a burning]. Cauterization by the moxa; moxi-
bustion.

byssoid (bis'-oid). Consisting of a filamentous
fringe of which the strands are of unequal length.

byssophthisis (bis-o-tis'-is). See byssinosis.

byssus (bis'-us) [fivao-os, cotton, flax]. 1. Charpie,
lint, or cotton. 2. The hairy growth of the pubic
region. 3. In biology, a bunch of silky filaments
secreted by the foot, in several molluscs. A name
formerly given to the mycelium of large fungi.

bythium (bith'-e-um) [0Wos, depth]. A supposed
new chemical element said to have been obtained
from sulphur. %The claim has not been accepted.

C. i. The chemical symbol of carbon. 2. The
abbreviation of centigrade, congius, closure, con-
traction, cylinder, or cylindrical lens.

Ca. 1. Chemical symbol of calcium. 2. Abbre-
viation for cathode.

caballine aloes (kab'-al-in al'-oz). An inferior
quality of aloes, known also as fetid or horse aloes.

Cabanis' pallet. A shovel-shaped instrument
consisting of two plates of perforated silver, jointed
and movable on each other; it is used to seize the
extremity of the nasal probe in Mejean's operation
for lacrimal fistula.

cabbage (kab'-aj). See brassica. c.-rose. See
rose, pale, c, skunk-, a fetid plant of North America,
Symplocarpus fcetidus. Its tincture and fluidextract
are prescribed as antispasmodics and antasthmatics.

Cabot's ring bodies (cab'-ot) [Richard Clarke
Cabot, American physician, 1868- ]. Intra- and
extra-cellular bodies having the general shape of a
ring and found in the blood in severe anemia.

cacaerometer (kak-a-er-om'-e-tur) [kokos, bad;
drip, air; pkrpov, measure]. An apparatus for deter-
mining the impurity of the air.

cacaine (kak-a'-en) [Nahuatl, cacauatl, cacao].
Theobromine, q. v.

cacanthrax (kak-an'-thraks) [kokoj, bad; 6.v6pa1~, a
coal]. Contagious anthrax. See anthrax.

cacao (kak-a'-o). See theobroma. c.-butter (oleum
t heobromatis, U. S. P.), is obtained from seeds or
nibs of theobroma cacao. It is a pure white fat, with
a pleasant odor and taste; it fuses at 86° F. (300 C);
its specific gravity is from 0.945 to 0.952. It is
used in cosmetics and for pharmaceutical preparations.
See also theobroma.

cacaphthae (kak-aff'-the) [kokos, bad; a<f>9a, an
eruption]. Malignant or cachectic aphthae. See
aphtha. _

cacation (kak-a'-shun) [cacatio, a going to stool].
Defecation; alvine discharge.

cacatory (kak'-at-o-re) [cacatio, a going to stool].
Attended with diarrhea; as a cacatory fever.

CaCC. Abbreviation for cathodal closure con-
traction; also written CCC.

caccagogue (kak'-a-gog) [kclkkt), dung; &yuy6s,
leading]. 1. Aperient; laxative. 2. An aperient,
especially an ointment or suppository that induces
gentle purgation.

cacemia (kas-e'-me-ah, or \kak-e' -me-ah) [kcikos,
bad; alpa, blood]. An ill-condition of the blood;
depravity of the blood.

cacesthesis (kak-es-the'-sis) [kclkos, bad; atadTjo-is,
sensation]. Morbid sensation.

cachectic (kak-ek'-tik) [see cachexia]. Charac-
terized by cachexia.

cachelcoma (kak-el-ko'-mah) [xa/coj, ill; eX/capa,
ulcer: pi., cachelcomata], A malignant or foul ulcer.

cachet (kash-a) [Fr.]. A pharmaceutical prepa-
ration consisting of two concave pieces of wafer,
varying in size from | to ig inches in diameter,
round or oblong in shape, in one of which the powder
to be administered is placed, and the other, having
previously been moistened, is then laid over the
powder and the two margins are pressed together,
when they adhere and completely inclose the powder.

cachexia, cachexy (kak-eks'-e-ah, kak-eks'-e) [ko.k6s,
bad; !£«, a habit]. A depraved condition of general
nutrition, due to some serious disease, as syphilis,
tuberculosis, carcinoma, etc. c. aquosa. See Gries-
singer's disease, c, cancerous, c, carcinomatous,
a condition marked by weakness, emaciation, and a
muddy or brownish complexion, due to carcinomatous
disease. Syn., cachexia canceratica; cancerous dia-
thesis, c, lymphatic. Synonym of Hodgkin's dis-
ease, c, miner's. See uncinariasis, c, osteal,
profound cachexia seen in children and accompanied
by painful swelling of one of the long bones, with
hematinuria or extravasation of blood into a tissue,
and often by rhachitic phenomena, c, pachydermic.

See myxedema, c, paludal. See malarial cachexia.
c, periosteal. See c, osteal, c. splenetica, that
associated with splenic enlargement, c. strumipriva,
c, thyreopriva, the condition allied to, if not identical
with, myxedema, following the extirpation of the
thyroid gland, c, thyroid, exophthalmic goitre.
c. venerea, syphilis, c. virginum, chlorosis.

cachexy (kak-eks'-e). See cachexia.

cachibou (kash-i-boo') . See under bur sera.

cachinnation (katsh-in-a'^shun) [cachinnare, to laugh
loudly]. Immoderate laughter, as in the insane.

cachou (kash-oo') [Fr. for "catechu"]. An aro-
matic pill or tablet for concealing the odor of the
breath.

caco- (kak-o-) [kcikos, bad]. A prefix meaning bad
or diseased.

cacocholia (kak-o-ko'-le-ah) [caco-; x°Ml> bile].
A morbid condition of the bile.

cacochroia, cacochroea (kak-o-kroi'-ah, kak-o-kre'-
ah) [caco-; xp°i-a-, color]. A bad complexion; un-
natural color of the skin.

cacochylia (kak-o-ki'-le-ah) [caco-; x^os. juice].
Imperfect or disordered digestion.

cacochymia (kak-o-ki'-me-ah) [caco-; x^juos, juice].
A morbid state of the fluids, humors, blood, or
secretions; faulty stomachic digestion.

cacocnemia (kak-ok-ne' -me-ah) [caco-; nv-qpri, leg].
Thinness or ill-condition of the leg or shin.

cacocolpia (kak-o-kol'-pe-ah) [caco-; k6\itos, vagina].
A diseased state of the vagina; gangrene of the vulva.

cacodes (kak-o'-dez) [/ca/K«5??s, ill smelling]. Hav-
ing a foul, offensive odor.

cacodiacol (kak-o-di'-ak-oV). Guaiacol cacodylate.

cacodontia (kak-o-don'-te-ah) [caco-; 68ovs, tooth].
A bad condition of the teeth.

cacodyl (kak'-o-dil) [/caKwSrjs, ill-smelling; vX-n,
matter], AsCCEUH Dimethylarsine; a radical con-
taining arsenic, hydrogen, and carbon. It is a
colorless, heavy liquid, with an extremely offensive
odor; it is inflammable when exposed to air. Its
protoxide is called alkarsine (q. v.).

cacodylate (kak-od'-il-at). A salt of cacodylic
acid. The sodium and the iron salts are used in
medicine. _

cacodyliacol (kak-o-dil-i'-ak-oV). Guaiacol caco-
dylate: used in tuberculosis; dose, 2 grains (0.04 gm.).

cacoethes (kak-o-e'-thez) ' [caco-; rj8os, a habit].
1. Any bad habit, disposition, or disorder. 2. A
malignant ulcer.

cacoethic (kak-o-eth'-ik) [caco-; fidos, habit].
Malignant.

cacogalactia (kak-o-gal-ak'-te-ah) [caco-; ya\a,
milk]. A bad or abnormal condition of the milk.

cacogastric (kak-o-gas'-trik) [caco-; yaarrip, the
stomach]. Dyspeptic.

cacogenesis (kak-o-jen'-es-is) [caco-; -ye^eo-ts, for-
mation]. Any morbid, monstrous, or pathological
growth or product.

cacogenics (kak-o-jen'-iks) [nanoyeviis, ill-born].
The opposite of eugenics. The sum total of the
conditions which tend to the deterioration of the
human race.

cacoglossia (kak-o-glos'-e-ah) [caco-; yXSiaaa, the
tongue]. Gangrene of the tongue.

cacolet (kak'-o-la) [Fr.]. A mule-chair or horse-
pannier for the transportation of the wounded.

cacomelia (kak-o-me' -le-ah) [caco-; peKos, limb]. A
congenital pathological condition or deformity of a
limb.

cacomorphia (kak-o-mor'-fe-ah) [caco-; pop<t>ii, form].
Malformation; deformity.

caconychia (kak-o-nik'-e-ah) [caco-; oro{, nail].
Disease or defect of a nail or of the nails.

cacopathy, or cacopathia (kak-op'-a-the or kak-o-
palh'-e-ah) [caco-; waffos, illness]. Any severe,
malignant, or untoward condition or disease.

cacopharyngia (kak-o-far-in'-je-ah) [caco-; <f>apvy£,
the pharynx]. Gangrene of the pharynx.

CACOPHONIA

177

CAFFEINE

cacophonia (kak-o-fo'-ne-ah) [caco-; <pwvri, voice].
An altered, depraved, or abnormal voice.

cacophonic (kak-o-fon'-ik) . Affected with caco-
phonia.

cacophthalmia (kak-off-thaV -me-ah) [caco-; ophthal-
mia]. A malignant inflammation of the eye.

cacoplasia (kak-o-pla' -ze-ah) [caco-; ifKaaaw, to
form]. The formation of diseased structures.

cacoplastic (kak-o-plas'-iik) [see cacoplasia]. i.
Characterized by a low degree of organization.
2. Relating to cacoplasia.

cacopragia (kak-o-pra'-je-ah) [caco-; irpaaaeiv, to
do]. Functional derangement, as of nutritive
processes, or of organs.

cacoproctia (kak-o-prok'-te-ah) [caco-; ttpuktos,
anus]. A gangrenous state of the rectum.

cacorrhachis (ka-kor'-rak-is) [caco-; pax's, spine].
A diseased state of the vertebral column.

cacorrhinia (kak-or-in'-e-ah) [caco-; pis, nose].
Any diseased condition of the nose.

cacosmia (kak-oz' -me-ah) [caco-; oapri, smell]. A
disgusting smell.

cacosomium (kak-o-so' -me-um) [caco-; aiopa, body].
A hospital for leprosy and other incurable diseases,
cacospermia (kak-o-sper' -me-ah) [caco-; o-irepp.a,
seed]. Any diseased state of the semen.

cacosphyxia (kak-o-sfiks'-e-ah) [caco-; o-#i>£is, pulse].
A disordered state of the pulse.

cacosplanchnia (kak-o-splangk'-ne-ah) [caco-; o-irhay-
xva, the viscera]. Diseased condition of the
digestive tract and resulting emaciation.

cacostomia (kak-o-sto'-me-ah) [caco-; a-ropa, mouth].
Any diseased or gangrenous state of the mouth.

cacothanasia (kak-o-than-a! -ze-ah) [caco-; diwaros,
death]. A painful or miserable death.

cacotheline (kak-oth! -el-en), C42H22NO20. An alka-
loid produced from brucine by the action of HNO3.

cacothesis (kak-oth' -es-is) [caco-; 0«ris, a placing].
A faulty position of a part or of the entire organism.
cacothymia (kak-o-thim'-e-ah) [caco-; dvpds, mind].
A disordered state of the mind or disposition; mental
disorder with moral depravity; insane malignity of
temper.

cacotrichia (kak-o-trik'-e-ah) [caco-; 9pi£, hair].
A diseased condition of the hair.

cacotrophia (kak-o-tro'-fe-ah). Same as cacotrophy.
cacotrophy (kak-ot'-ro-fe) [caco-; Tpo<j>i), nourish-
ment]. Disordered or defective nutrition.

cacozyme (kak'-o-zim) [caco-; £vp.r), a ferment].
A disorganizing, putrefactive, fermentative, or path-
ogenic microorganism.

cactin (kak'-tin). An acrid resinous glucoside
obtained from Cereus grandifiorus.

cactina (kak-ti'-nah) [koktos, a prickly plant].
A proprietary preparation said to be a proximate
principle derived from night-blooming cereus (Cactus
grandifiorus and C. mexicana). It is a cardiac
stimulant, recommended as a substitute for digitalis.
cactus (kak'-tus) [koktos, a prickly plant]. A
genus of plants, c. grandifiorus, a plant indigenous
to the West Indies and cultivated in North America
and Europe. It bears large white or straw-colored
flowers which bloom only at night. The prepara-
tions of cactus are stimulant to the spinal cord, the
vasomotor center, and the cardiac ganglia. They
have been used as substitutes for digitalis. Dose of
tincture 15-20 min. (1.0-1.3 Cc); of fiuidextract 5-10
min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). Syn., night-blooming cereus;
Zerus grandifiorus.

cacumen (kak-u'-men) [L.; pi., cacumina]. 1. The
top, as of a plant. 2. The culmen of the vermis
superior of the cerebellum.

cadaver (kad-av'-er or kad-a'-ver) [cadere, to fall;
pi., cadavera]. A dead body, especially that of a
human being.

cadaveric (kad-av'-er -ik) [cadaver]. Pertaining to
the cadaver, c. alkaloids, ptomaines, c. ecchy-
moses, c. lividity, certain postmortem stains, closely
resembling in their general appearance the effects
of bruises or contusions. They occur on the lowest
and most dependent parts of the body. c. rigidity,
rigor mortis, c. spasm, the early, at times instan-
taneous, appearance of rigor mortis, seen after death
from certain causes. It is also called instantaneous
rigor and tetanic rigidity.

cadaverine (kad-av'-er-en) [cadaver], C5H14N2. A
ptomaine, occurring very frequently in decomposing
animal tissues. It is a thick, clear, syrupy liquid,
having an exceedingly unpleasant odor. An auxetic
in cancer.

cadaverization (kad-av-er-iz-a'-shun) [cadere, to
fall]. The passage of a living body to the state of a
cadaver. Applied to the algid and cyanotic stage
of cholera.

cadaverous (kad-av' -er-us) [cadere, to fall]. Re-
sembling a cadaver; ghastly; of a deathly pallor.

cade (kad) [a Languedoc name]. See juniper.
c, oil of (oleum cadinum, U. S. P.), a tarry oil from
the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus; it is used in skin
diseases.

caderas (kad-e'-ras). See mal de caderas.

Cadet's fuming liquid [Louis Claude Cadet de
Gassicourt, French chemist, 1731-1799]. See alkarsin.

cadinene (kad'-in-en), C15H24. A sesquiterpene
boiling at 2740 C.

cadmium (kad' -me-um) [Ko.hp.La., calamine]. Cd =
112.40 quantivalence II; sp. gr. 8.60-8.69. A bluish-
white metal resembling zinc in its general properties.
In its physiological action it is escharotic and astrin-
gent; internally, in large doses, it produces emesis
and violent gastritis, c. iodide, Cdi2, used as an
ointment, 1 to 8 of lard. c. salicylate, Cd(C7H5C>3)2,
white needles, soluble in water and alcohol. It is
used in purulent ophthalmia, etc., and is said to be
a more active antiseptic than other cadmium salts.
c. sulphate, CdSCu . 4H2O, an astringent in gonorrhea
and in corneal opacities; used as a lotion in strength
of I gr. or 4 to 1 oz. of water, or as an ointment in
1 : 40 of fresh lard. c. sulphocarbolate, Cd(CeH5-
SOxh, white crystals, soluble in water; it is anti-
septic and astringent. Syn., cadmium sulpho-
phenylate.

caduca (kad-du'-kah) [cadere, to fall]. Thickened
mucous membrane of the uterus in pregnancy. See
decidua. ^

caducity (kad-du'-sit-e) [caducitas, senility]. Sen-
ility; the feebleness of advanced age.

caducous (kad-u'-kus) [caducus, falling off].
Dropping off very early, as compared with other
parts. Deciduous, c. morbus. Falling sickness; an
old name for epilepsy.

caecal (se'-kal). See cecal.

caecitas (se'-sit-as) [L.]. Blindness, c. diurna,
day-blindness. c. nocturna, night-blindness. c.
verbalis, word-blindness.

caecitis (se-si'-tis). See cecitis.

caecum (se'-kum). See cecum.

caenaesthesis (cen-es-the'-sis). See cenesthesis.

caeruleus (se-ru'-le-us) [L.]. Sky-blue. c. morbus,
blue disease. See cyanosis.

caerulosis (se-ru-lo'-sis) . See cyanosis.

Caesalpinia (ses-al-pin'-e-ah) [L.]. A genus of
tropical leguminous trees. C. bonducella is a prickly,
trailing shrub of most tropical coasts. The seeds,
Molucca beans, and the whole plant are anthelmintic
and emmenagogue; the oil of the seeds is used in rheu-
matism. It contains bonducin. C. coriaria, American
sumac, divi-divi, is a South American shrub culti-
vated in India, where the dried powdered pods are
used as an antiperiodic Dose 40-60 gr. (2.6-4.0
Gm.). A decoction of the pods is used as an injec-
tion in the treatment of bleeding piles. C. echinata,
a tree of Brazil, furnishes Brazil-wood; the bark, rich
in tannin, is used as an astringent, roborant, and
febrifuge. C. sappanis, a tree of India; the brownish-
red wood, sappan-wood, contains sappanin and is
used as an astringent; it furnishes a red dye and the
root a yellow dye. _

caesarean operation or section (se-sar'-e-an). See
cesarean section.

caesium (se'-se-um). See cesium.

caffea (kaf'-e-ah) [L.]. The seeds of Coffea arabica.
The dried and roasted seeds are almost universally
used in infusion as a beverage, forming a cerebral
stimulant and stomachic tonic. They are valuable
in promoting digestion and allaying hunger and
fatigue. The properties are due to an alkaloid,
caffeine, identical with theine. See thea and caffeine.
The fiuidextract of Caffea viridis is intended as a
substitute for the fiuidextract of guarana. Dose §-2
dr. (2-8 Cc). See Guarana.

caffeic acid (kaf-e'-ik). See acid, caffeic.

caffeine (kaf'-e-in or kaf-en) [caffea], C8H10N4O2
+H2O. See under caffea. An alkaloid found in
the leaves and beans of the coffee-tree, in tea, in
Paraguay tea, and in guarana, the roasted pulp of
the fruit of Paulinia sorbilis. It occurs in long,
silky needles, slightly soluble in cold water and
alcohol, with a feebly bitter taste. It is a cerebro-
spinal, circulatory, and renal stimulant. Dose 1-3

CAFFEINISM

178

CALCANEO-ASTRAGALAR

gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.), Syn., guaranine; methyltheo-
bromine; psoraline; theine: trimelhylxanthine. c.
borocitrate, (CsHioN^^BOs, a white, crystalline
powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform;
it decomposes in water. It has the effect of caffeine
combined with the antiseptic action of boric acid.
c. bromide. See c. hydrobromide. c. carbolate,
C8H10N4O2 . HOCeHs, a white, crystalline mass,
soluble in alcohol and water with decomposition.
It is an antiseptic, diuretic, and stimulant, having
the combined action of caffeine and phenol, and is
used subcutaneously. c. chloral, C8H10N4O2— CCI3-
COH, a molecular combination of caffeine and chloral,
occurring in soluble crystals. It is sedative and
analgesic. Dose 3~5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). c. citrate,
(caffeina citrata, U. S. P.)y (CsHioN^sCeHsO, a
true salt, forming a white, crystalline powder, used
in the same manner as caffeine. It is soluble in water
and alcohol with decomposition. Dose 1-5 gr.
(0.065-0.32 Gm.). c, citrated, this is improperly
called caffeine citrate and is prepared by dissolving
equal weights of caffeine and citric acid in double
the quantity of hot distilled water. Dose 3-8 gr.
(0.2-0.52 Gm.). c, citrated, effervescent (caffeina
citrata effervescens, U. S. P.). Dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.).
c. citrosalicylate, (CsHioN^sCeHsOr+tCsHioN^ . -
C7H603)3, a true salt occurring as a white, crystalline
powder, decomposing in water. It is antiseptic and
is used as is caffeine, c. diiodide. See c. triiodide.
c. hydrobromide, caffeine bromide, a true salt,
CsHioN^HBr, occurring as large crystals, reddish
or greenish on exposure, soluble in water on decom-
position. It is used as a diuretic in injections of
4-10 min. of a solution of 10 parts caffeine hydro-
bromide, 1 part hydrobromic acid, and 3 parts
distilled water, caffeina?, injectio, hypodermatica,
1 grain of caffeine in 3 minims. Dose 1-6 min.
(0.065-0.39 Cc). c. salicylate, C8H10N4O2 . C7H6O3,
a true salt occurring as white, crystalline masses,
soluble in water and alcohol with decomposition.
It is used instead of caffeine with salicylic acid.
Dose as caffeine, c. and sodium benzoate, a white
powder containing 45.8 % of caffeine, soluble in 2
parts of water. It is used instead of caffeine by
subcutaneous injection. Dose about double that
of caffeine. Syn., caffeinum natriobenzoicum. c.
and sodium salicylate, a white powder, soluble in 2
parts of water, and containing 62.5 % of caffeine.
It is used in rheumatism, etc., instead of caffeine, by
subcutaneous injection. Dose about double that of
caffeine. Syn., caffeinum natriosalicylicum. c. and
sodium sulphonate, a diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.).
Syn., symphoral. c. tannate, a yellow powder,
more astringent than caffeine; uses and dosage as
caffeine. c. triiodide, (C8H10N4O2I2 . HI)2+3H20,
dark-green prisms, of a metallic luster, soluble in
alcohol. It is a diuretic and alterative, used instead
of potassium iodide, and said to be nondepressing.
Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.). Syn., diiodocaffeine
hydriodate. c. valerate, C8H10N4O2 . C5H10O2, small
lustrous needles, soluble in alcohol with decompo-
sition. It is used in nervous headache, whooping-
cough, etc. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.3 Gm.) several
times a day.

caffeinism (kaf'-e-in-izm or kaf-en'-izm) [caffeine].
Chronic coffee-poisoning; a train of morbid symptoms
due to excess in the use of coffee.

caffeism (kaf'-e-izm). See caffeinism.

caffeol (kaf'-e-ol). See caffeone.

caffeone (kaf-e-on) [caffea], C8H10O2. A volatile
aromatic oily principle (empyreumatic oil) produced
by the roasting of coffee. Syn., caffeol.

Cagot (kag-o) [Fr.]. 1. A member of an outcast
race or clan in the S. W. of France ; formerly regarded
as lepers. 2. (By error) a cretin. C. ear. This is
an ear with no lower lobe ; but it is asserted that this
is a peculiarity of the Lapps, and not of the Cagots.

cahinca, or cainca (kah-hing'-kah) [native S.
American]. The diuretic root of Chiococca racemosa,
C. densifolia, or C. anguifuga, rubiaceous shrubs of
tropical America.

cahincin (kah-hin'-sin) [cainca or cahinca, the
South American name for several species of Chio-
cocca], C40H64O18. A glucoside from Chiococca race-
mosa and C. brachiata. In small doses it is diuretic
and cathartic and in large doses emetic. It is used
in dropsy. Dose, diuretic and cathartic, 2-4 gr.
(0.13-0.26 Gm.); emetic, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.);
maximum dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., caincic acid.

caisson-disease (ka'-son-diz-ez). Diver's disease,

tunnel disease, or the bends, a morbid condition due
to increased atmospheric pressure, sometimes occur-
ring in divers, caisson-workers, etc. Paraplegia,
hemiplegia, anesthesia, and apoplectic attacks are
common, coming on only after a return to the normal
atmosphere. The nature of the lesion is obscure.

Cajal's (Ramon y) cells (kah'-hal) [Santiago Ramon
y Cajal, Spanish histologist, 1852- ]. Fusiform
or triangular ganglion cells lying near the surface
of the cerebral cortex and giving off branched pro-
cesses parallel to it. C.'s moss-like appendages.
See appendage. C.'s tassel-cells, pyramidal cells
of the cortex cerebri having a large number of den-
dritic processes hanging from their base.

cajuput oil, cajeput oil (kaj'-u-put) [Malay, caju-
puti, white wood]. A volatile oil (oleum cajuputi,
U. S. P.), distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca
cajuputi. It resembles oil of turpentine. It is used
in flatulent colic, hysteria, cutaneous disorders, and
toothache. Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). c.
spirit (spiritus cajuputi, B. P.), contains 2 % of the
oil. Dose i-i dr. (2-4 Cc).

cajuputene, cajeputene (caj-u-pu-ten' , caj-e-pu-
ten') [Malay], C10H16. The principal constituent of
cajuput oil; it is a liquid of an agreeable odor.

cajuputol, cajeputol (kaj-u-pit'-tol) [see cajuput
oil]. The more limpid part of cajeput oil; it is found
also in some other fragrant volatile oils.

caked (kakd). Compressed or hardened into a
solid mass. c. bag, in cows, an inflammation of the
mammary gland, c. breast, a breast in a puerperal
woman in which the milk has become hardened and
inspissated.

cal. Abbreviation of small calory.

Cal. Abbreviation of large or great calory.

Calabar bean (kal'-ab-ar ben) [Calabar, a. region of
West Africa]. See physostigma. C. swellings, an
edematous enlargement occurring in the natives of
Calabar and other parts of West Africa. It is thought
to be produced by the action of Filaria loa in the
subcutaneous tissues.

calabarine (kal-ab' '-ar-en) . An alkaloid from
Calabar bean.

calabarization (kal-a-bar-iz-a'-shun). The act of
bringing a person under the effects of calabarine.

calage (kal-ahzh') [Fr., wedging]. A method of
prophylaxis or treatment of sea-sickness by fixation
of the viscera by pillows placed between the abdomen
and the wall of the cabin and between the back and
edge of the berth, the patient lying upon the side.

Calaguala (kah-lah-gwah'-la) [Peruvian]. The
commercial name for several ferns of the order
Polypodiacece, especially Polypodium calaguala, of
Peru, which is esteemed an excellent resolvent and
diaphoretic It is used in chronic affections of the
air-passages and in whooping-cough in doses of 30-
60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) daily. A decoction is used exter-
nally as a dressing for wounds.

calamine (kal'-am-in) [calamina, a corruption of
cadmia]. Native zinc carbonate. Calamina prce-
parata, the prepared calamine, washed and pulverized,
is used mainly as an external exsiccant and astringent.

calamus (kal'-am-us) [L., "a reed"]. Sweet-flag.
The rhizome of Acorus calamus. It contains a
volatile oil and acorin, a bitter nitrogenous principle.
The root is an aromatic, stomachic tonic, and a com-
mon ingredient of many popular "bitters." C. draco
is a species of ratan palm that affords a part of the
so-called dragon's-blood of commerce, c, fluid-
extract of (fluidextr actum calami, U. S. P.). Dose
15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). c. scriptorius [a writing-
pen or reed], the groove on the floor of the lower
extremity of the fourth ventricle, at the end of which
is the ventricle of Arantius.

calaya (kal-a'-yah). A fluidextract of the fruit of
Anneslea febrifuga (?), used in malaria. Dose 30 gr.
(2 Gm.) every 2 hours.

calcalith (kaV -kal-ith) . A proprietary preparation
said to be a rheumatism remedy and uric-acid solvent.
It consists of calcium carbonate, lithia and col-
chicine.

calcaneal (kal-ka'-ne-al) [calcaneum, the heel].
In biology, relating to the heel-bone, or calcaneum,
or to a tuberosity in birds, resembling the calcaneum.

calcaneo-astragalar (kal-ka'-ne-o-as-trag'-al-ar). See
calcaneoastragaloid. c.-astragaloid, relating to the
calcaneum and the astragalus, c.-cavus, a club-foot
that combines the characters of calcaneus and cavus.
c.-cuboid, belonging to the calcaneum and the
cuboid, c.-navicular. Relating to the calcaneum and

CALCANEUM

179

CALCIUM

the scaphoid bone, or os naviculare. c.-scaphoid,
belonging to the calcaneum and the scaphoid bone,
c.-talar (kal-ka-ne-o-ta'-lar). See calcaneo-astragalar.
c.-tibial (kal-ka-ne-o-tib'-e-al) [calcaneum; tibia].
Relating to the calcaneum and tibia, c.-valgo-cavus,
club-foot combining the features of calcaneus, valgus
and cavus.

calcaneum, calcaneus (kal-ka'-ne-um, -us). The
os calcis or heel bone. See bones, table of.

calcaneus (kal-ka'-ne-us) [calcaneum, the heel],
i. See calcaneum. 2. Club-foot in which the heel
alone touches the ground, the instep being drawn
up toward the shin.

calcar (kal'-kar) [L., "a spur"]. 1. Any spur or
spur-like point, as the hippocampus minor. 2. Ergot
of rye. 3. The calcaneum. 4. The styloid process
of the temporal bone. c. avis, the hippocampus
minor, c. femorale, a plate of hard tissue around the
neck of the femur, c. pedis, the heel bone.

calcarate (kal'-kar-al) [calcar]. Spurred; furnished
with spurs or spur-like processes.

calcarea, calcaria (kal-ka'-re-ah) [calx, limestone].
Lime.

calcareous (kal-ka'-re-us) [calcarea]. 1. Pertaining
to or having the nature of limestone. 2. Haying a
chalky appearance or consistence. 3- Growing in
chalk.

calcariform (kal-kar' -e-form) [calcar; forma, form].
Spur-shaped.

calcarine (kal'-kar-en) [calcar]. Spur-shaped; re-
lating to the hippocampus minor, c. fissure. See
fissure, calcarine.

calcic (kal'-sik) [calx, lime]. Of or pertaining to
lime or calcium, c. inflammation of gums and
peridental membrane, inflammation caused and
maintained by deposits of calculus on the necks of
the teeth.

calcicosis (kal-sik-o'-sis) [calx]. Marble-cutter's
phthisis; a chronic inflammation of the lung due to
the inhalation of marble-dust.

calcidine (kal'-sid-en). Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing calcium and iodine; used in catarrhal
laryngitis; dose gr. §— 1 (0.02-0.06).

calciferous (kal-sif-er-us). Containing lime, chalk,
or calcium.

calcific (kal-sif'-ik) [calx]. Forming lime.
calcification (kal-sif-ik-a' -shun) [calx; fieri, to
become]. The deposit of calcareous matter within
the tissues of the body, c, metastatic, that resulting
from an excess of lime-salts in the blood, as occurs
in the rapid breaking down of bones from osteo-
malacia.

calcigerous (kal-sif-er-us) [calx, lime; gerere, to
bear]. Containing lime or a lime-salt; as the cal-
cigerous cells of the dentine, or calcigerous tubules
in bone.

calcigrade (kal'-sig-rad) [calx, heel; gredi, to walk].
Walking on the heels.

calcination (kal-sin-a'-shun) [calcinare, to calcine].
The process of driving off the volatile chemical
constituents from inorganic compounds. The ex-
pulsion of carbon dioxide from carbonates.

calcine (kal'-sin or kal-sin') [calcinare, to calcine].
To separate the inorganic elements of a substance
by subjecting it to an intense heat.

calcinol (kal'-sin-ol). Trade name of calcium
iodate.

calcis, os. The heel bone.

calcium (kal'-se-um) [calx], Ca =40.07; quanti-
valence II. A brilliant, silver-white metal, the basis
of limestone, characterized by strong affinity for
oxygen, and isolated with great difficulty. It is
best known in the form of calcium oxide, quicklime;
calcium hydroxide, slaked lime; and calcium carbonate,
limestone or chalk, c. acetate, Ca(C2Hs02)2, a
white, amorphous powder, soluble in water. It is
used in tuberculosis and psoriasis, c. albuminate,
an alterative and nutrient used in rhachitis. c.
benzoate, Ca(C7Ho02)2, used in nephritis and albu-
minuria of pregnancy. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65
Gm.). c. bisulphite, liquid, a solution of calcium
sulphite (CaS03) in an aqueous solution of sulphurous
acid. It is used, when diluted with 4 to 8 times its
amount of water, as an antiseptic gargle or wash.
c. borate, a very light white powder. It is used as
an antiseptic and astringent, internally in children's
diarrhea and externally in fetid perspiration and weep-
ing eczema.' Dose 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.32 Gm.) 3 times
daily. Application, 10 to 20 % ointment or dusting-
powder, c. boroglyceride, an antiseptic substance

prepared by heating together calcium borate and
glycerol. It forms a transparent, hygroscopic
mass, soluble in water and alcohol, c. bromide (calcii
bromidum, U. S. P.), a nerve sedative. Dose 10-30
gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.) twice daily, c. bromoiodide,
Cal2+CaBr2, a mixture of calcium iodide and
bromide in molecular proportions, forming a yellow
powder soluble in water. It is alterative and seda-
tive. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily.
c. carbide, CaC2, obtained from lime with carbon,
by the electric furnace. It occurs in gray to bluish-
black irregular lumps, decomposing with water,
evolving acetylene, and leaving a residue of slaked
lime; sp. gr. 2.22. It is used in the palliative treat-
ment of cancer of the vagina and uterus, c. car-
bolate, Ca(OC6H5)2, a reddish, antiseptic powder,
used as a disinfectant and internal and external anti-
septic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). c. carbonate,
Ca(OC4H5)2, a reddish powder used as an internal
and external antiseptic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32
Gm.). c. carbonate, precipitated (calcii carbonas
pracipitatus, U. S. P.), CaC03, a fine white powder,
without odor or taste. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c.
chloride (calcii chloridum, U. S. P.), CaCh, soluble
in water; used internally to increase the coagulability
of the blood. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). c.
citrate, Ca3(CeH507)2-|-4H20, a crystalline powder,
soluble in 1730 parts of water at oo° C. ; more soluble
in cold water. A solution is recommended for the
treatment of burns, c. cresylate, a syrupy fluid
obtained by treating calcium hydroxide with cresol.
It is used as a disinfectant instead of phenol, c.
eosolate, Ca3(C9H7S20i2)2, a sulphosalt of aliphatic
creasote esters containing 25 % of creasote and
occurring as a gray powder soluble in 10 parts of
water. Dose 4-10 gr. (0.26-0.65 Gm.) 4 or 5 times
daily, c. ferrophospholactate, used in the treatment
of tuberculosis and rhachitis. Dose 3-75 gr. (0.2-
0.5 Gm.). c. glyceroarsenate, a crumbling white
powder, insoluble in water and alcohol, freely soluble
in mineral and organic acids, especially in dilute citric
acid. It is used in treatment of tuberculosis. Daily
dose I gr. (0.01 Gm.). c. glyceroborate, an anti-
septic compound of equal parts of calcium borate and
glycerol, c. glycerophosphate, CaCsI^POe, a white,
crystalline powder, soluble in cold water, almost
insoluble in boiling water; it is a nerve tonic. Dose
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily. In treatment
of enuresis, dose, for adults, 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) twice
daily, c. hippurate, Ca(CgH8N02)2, a white, crystal-
line powder, slightly soluble in hot water. It is
alterative. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). c.
hydrate. See c. hydroxide, c. hydroxide, slaked
lime. c. hypochlorite, Ca(C10)2, white cubes decom-
posing readily. It is an antiseptic and is used as a
disinfectant and strong bleaching agent, c. hypo-
phosphite (calcii hypophosphis, U. S. P.), Ca(PH202)2,
a white, crystalline powder, lustrous scales, or trans-
parent crystals, soluble in 7 parts of water, decom-
posing and giving out inflammable gas above 3000 C.
It is used in tuberculosis, chlorosis, etc. Dose 10-
30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). Syn., calcium hypophos-
phorosum. c. hyposulphite. See c. thiosulphate. c.
iodate, Ca(I03)2+6H20, a white, crystalline powder,
soluble in 400 parts of water, insoluble in alcohol.
It is used internally in doses of 4-5 gr. (0.26-0.32
Gm.) to check fermentation and also as a succeda-
neum for iodoform. Syn., calcinol. c. iodide, Cal2,
a white powder or yellowish- white hygroscopic mass,
soluble in water and alcohol. It is an alterative used
instead of potassium iodide. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-
0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily in syrup. Maximum dose,
daily, 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c. and iron lactophosphate,
a yellowish powder used in treatment of rhachitis
and tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.)
several times daily, c. lactate, CaCCsHsO^h+sEhO,
white, opaque, granular masses, soluble in water
and hot alcohol. It is used in treatment of rhachitis
and tuberculosis of children. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.19-
0.65 Gm.) in syrup, c. lactophosphate, a crystalline
compound of calcium lactate and calcium phosphate
containing 1 % of phosphorus; soluble in water. It
is stimulant and nutrient. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.19-
0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily, c. oxide (calx, U. S. P.),
CaO, quicklime, c. oxide, chlorinated. See lime,
chlorinated, c. oxysulphide, a compound of calcium,
oxygen, and sulphur, forming a yellowish powder;
used in washing scrofulous ulcers, c. permanganate,
Ca(Mn04)2+5H20, deliquescent, brown crystals
with violet luster, soluble in water. It is used

CALCOGLOBULIN

180

CALENDULA

internally in diarrhea of children and externally as a
mouth lotion. Dose f-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.).
c. peroxide, Ca02+4H20, an antiseptic, used in acid
dyspepsia and summer diarrhea. Dose (children)
\-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.). c. phosphate, antimoniated,
a mixture of precipitated calcium phosphate (67
parts) and antimony oxide (33 parts), occurring as a
dull white, gritty powder, without odor or taste,
soluble in boiling water. It is alterative, purgative,
and emetic, and is used in acute rheumatism and
febrile diseases. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.)
4 to 6 times daily. Syn., antimonial powder; James'
febrile powder.' c. phosphate, dibasic, CaH2(P04)2 or
CaHP04, a white powder, soluble in acids, insoluble
in water. It is used in diseases of bone, chlorosis,
etc. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.). Syn., bicalcic
phosphate; secondary calcium phosphate, c. phos-
phate, monobasic, CaH4(P04)2+H20, the chief con-
stituent of the so-called "superphosphate of lime,"
a decomposition-product of tricalcic or dicalcic
phosphate and sulphuric acid, occurring as white,
deliquescent, strongly acid crystals, c. phosphate,
precipitated (calcii phosphas prcecipitatus, U. S. P.),
Ca3(P04)2, a bulky white powder, odorless and taste-
less. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c. phosphate, tribasic,
Ca3(P04)2, a light, white, amorphous powder without
odor or taste, soluble in acids, insoluble in water.
It is used as is the dibasic, c. propionate, Ca(C3Hs-
02)2, a white powder, soluble in water, c. quinovate,
a compound of calcium and quinovic acid used in
malarial fever and dysentery as a tonic. Dose £-§
gr. (0.013-0.032 Gm.). c. salicylate, CaC7H403
+H2O, a white, crystalline powder with alkaline
reaction, soluble with difficulty in water. It is used
in intestinal diseases. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.).
c. santonate, c. santoninate, Ca(Ci5Hi904)2, a white,
odorless,, insipid powder, insoluble in water or chloro-
form. It is anthelmintic. Dose |-i| gr. (0.03-0.1
Gm.). c. sulphate, 2CaS04+H20, a fine white,
odorless and tasteless powder, used in making plaster
bandages for fractures. Syn., gypsum; plaster-of-
Paris. c. sulphate, dried (calcii sulphas exsiccatus,
U. S. P.), a fine white powder without odor or taste.
c. sulphydrate, CaS . H2S, transparent crystals
decomposing in the air; it is used as a depilatory.
c. sulphide, CaS, a compound of calcium and sulphur,
a yellow-white substance with odor of hydrogen
sulphide and forming a large percentage of calx
sulphurata. It is recommended in treatment of
influenza (dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) 4 times hourly) and
in treatment of diphtheria (dose | gr. (0.01 Gm.)
every hour, under 1 year of age, every £ hour between
the ages of 1 and 3, and every 15 minutes between
the ages of 3 and 5). Syn., calcium monosulphide.
c. sulphide, hydrated, CaS; it is used as a depilatory.
c. sulphite, CaSOs, a white powder, soluble in sul-
phurous acid and in 8op parts of water. It is anti-
septic and is used in flatulent diarrhea. Dose TV-S
gr. (0.0065-0.32 Gm.). c. sulphocarbolate, Ca-
(C6HsS04)2+6H20, a white, odorless, astringent
powder or scales, soluble in water. It is an internal
antiseptic and astringent. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0
Gm.) in 1 % solution, c. sulphophenate. See c.
sulphocarbolate. c. thiosulphate, CaS203, white anti-
septic crystals, soluble in water; it is an internal
antiseptic. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.194-0.65 Gm.).

calcoglobulin (kal-ko-glob'-u-lin). A combination
of soluble calcium salts with an albuminous base.
It has a distinct and definite form and is probably
the basis of all the calcic tissues of the body.

calcoid (kal'-koid) [calx, lime; eldos, resemblance].
A neoplasm of the tooth-pulp.

calcospherites, calcosphaerites (kal-ko-sfe'-ritz)
[calx, lime; sphcera, a sphere]. Hartig's term for the
granules or globules formed in embryological dental
pulp and in tissues like bone and shell by calcium
salts brought by the blood into loose proteid com-
bination and modified by the cytoplasm.

calcspar (kalk'-spar). Calcium carbonate, CaC03.

calculary (kal'-ku-la-re) [calculus, a stone]. Re-
lating to or of the nature of a calculus.

calculifragous (kal-ku-lif'-rag-us) [calculus, a stone;
f r anger e, to break]. Lithotritic; breaking or reducing
a stone in the bladder.

calculoid (kaV -ku-loid) . Resembling a calculus; a
concretion.

calculous (kal'-kii-lus) [calculus]. Of the nature
of a calculus.

calculus (kal'-ku-lus) [dim. of calx, chalk]. A
calcareous or stone-like concretion found in the body,

particularly in cavities, c, alternating, one com-
posed of alternate layers of the substances pf which
it is made up. c, arthritic, a gouty concretion, c,
articular. See c, arthritic, c, aural, hardened
cerumen in the external auditory canal, c, biliary,
a gall-stone, c, blood, a fibrinous calculus containing
remains of blood-corpuscles, c, bronchial, a con-
cretion in an air-passage.^ c, chalky, one made up
mainly of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
with small amounts of magnesium carbonate, water,
and organic matter, and frequently having a foreign
body as a nucleus, c, cutaneous. See milium, c,
cystic. 1. A vesical calculus. 2. A gall-stone.
3. One composed of cystin. c, cystic-oxide, c,
cystin, a urinary calculus, rarely found, and com-
posed largely of cystin. c, dental, tartar on the
teeth or gums, c, encysted, a vesical calculus
which has become invested in a pouch springing
from the wall of the bladder, c, essential, one
having its origin within the tissue of an organ and
not due to a foreign body, c, fatty, a vesical cal-
culus having a nucleus of fat or saponaceous matter.
c, fibrinous, a vesical calculus made up of dried
coagulated albumin, c, fusible, a urinary calculus-
composed of phosphates of ammonium, calcium, and
magnesium, c, hemic, a concretion of coagulated
blood, c, incarcerated. See c, encysted, c, in-
testinal. Same as enterolith, c, lacteal. Same as
c. mammary, c, laminated, one made up of layers
of different materials, c, mammary, a calcareous
nodule sometimes obstructing the lactiferous ducts.
c, mulberry, the oxalate-of-lime variety, resembling
a mulberry in shape and color, c, nasal, one found
in the nasal cavities, c, organic, one with a nucleus
formed of epithelium, blood, etc. c, pineal, brain-
sand. See acervulus. c, podagric. See c, arthritic.
c, prostatic, one in the prostate gland, c, renal,
a calculus found in the kidney, c, salivary. 1. One
formed in the ducts of the salivary glands. 2. The
tartar deposited on teeth, c, scrotal. 1. A vesical
or prostatic calculus which has made its way to the
scrotum. 2. One formed in the scrotum from cal-
careous degeneration, c, secondary, a vesical cal-
culus formed in consequence of a diseased condition
of the mucosa of the urinary tract, c. serumal,
tartar on the teeth from exudation of diseased gums.
c, urinary, a concretion composed of concentric
layers of crystallized substance cemented together
by mucus or other organic material, occurring in
the bladder. Urinary calculi (sand, gravel, or stones,
according to size) may be classified as follows: (1)
Those containing a mixture of uric acid with urates,
with either little or no phosphates; (2) mixed calculi,
those containing more phosphates than uric acid;
(3) calcium-oxalate calculi; (4) phosphatic calculi —
composed of calcium phosphate, triple phosphate,
or a combination of calcium and magnesium phos-
phates; (5) calcium-carbonate calculi; (6) cystin
calculi; (7) xanthin calculi; (8) fibrinous calculi,
consisting of fibrin or inspissated albumin, c,
uterine, an intrauterine concretion; a womb-stone;
formed mainly by calcareous degeneration of a
tumor, c, vesical, a calculus found in the urinary-
bladder, c. xanthic, a urinary calculus of xanthic
oxide.

calcusol (kal'-ku-sol). A proprietary remedy for
gout, said to consist of piperidine parasulphamine-
benzoate and potassium bicarbonate.

Caldani's ligament (kal-dah'-ne) [Leopoldo Marco
Antonio Caldani, Italian anatomist, 1725-1813].
A fibrous band extending from the inner border of
the coracoid process to the lower border of the
clavicle and upper border of the first rib, where it
unites with the tendon of the subclavius muscle.

caldarium (kal-da'-re-um). A hot bath, or a room
used for the administration of a hot bath.

calef acient (kal-e-fa'-she-ent) [calidus, warm ; facere,
to make]. 1. Warming; producing a sensation of
heat. 2. A medicine, externally applied, that causes
a sensation of warmth.

calef actor (kal-e-fak'-tor) [calidus, warm; facere,
to make]. A warmer; a little, portable stove; a
pocket stove; a chafing-dish.

calendula (kal-en'-dii-lah) [calender, the first day
of the month]. Marigold. The flowering plant
known as the garden-marigold, C. officinalis. c.r
tincture of (tinctura calendula, U. S. P.), contains
20 % of the leaves and stems. It is used as a local
application to wounds, bruises, and ulcers, and has.
been vaunted as a cure for carcinoma.

CALENDULIN

181

CALORY

calendulin (Jzal-en'-du-lin) [calendula]. An amor-
phous principle obtainable from calendula.

calentura (kal-en-tu'-rah). i. See calenture (i).
2. Applied to an epidemic disease of horses in the
Philippines. It is caused by a species of Spirillum.
c. amarilla, c. vomito negro, yellow fever.
} calenture (kal'-en-tur) [Sp., calentura, heat; L.,
calere, to be hot], i. A tropical remittent fever
with delirium; formerly, a supposed fever of this
kind that attacked mariners, leading them to leap
into the sea. 2. Sunstroke.

calf (kahf) [Icel., kalfr]. The thick, fleshy part
of the back of the leg, formed by the gastrocnemius
and soleus muscles, c.-bone, the fibula.

calibrate (kal'-ib-rat) [Fr., calibre, the bore of a
gun]. 1. To estimate the exact size of an opening,
as of intestines to be united by anastomosis. 2. To
graduate the tubes of a thermometer so that it will
indicate the temperature correctly, or to determine
the errors of the gradation when made; also, to
determine the indication of the reading after the
correction of the errors.

calibration (kal-e-bra'-shun) . The act, process, or
result of calibrating.

calibrator (kal'-e-bra-tor). An instrument for
determining the exact diameter of the lumen of an
opening, as of the urethra. It may consist of a
truncated cone supplied with a scale or some form
of dilating blades.

caliche (kah-le'-che) [S. A., "a flake of lime from a
wall"]. The South American name for crude
sodium nitrate; Chili saltpeter.

California buckthorn. See cascara sagrada.

caligation, caliginosity (kal-ig-a'-shun, kal-ij-in-
os'-it-e). See caligo.

caliginous (kal-ij'-in-us). Relating to or affected
with caligo.

caligo (kal-i'-go) [L.]. Dimness of vision; an
opacity of the cornea, lens, or vitreous humor.

calipers (kal'-ip-erz) [corruption of caliber]. Com-
passes with curved legs.

calisaya (kal-is-a'-yah) [S. A.]. Cinchona bark,
especially that of cinchona calisaya. See cinchona.

calisayin (kal-e-sa'-yin). An amorphous base con-
sisting mostly of quinine obtained from cinchona bark.

calisthenics, callisthenics (kal-is-then'-iks), [/ca\6s,
beautiful; aQkvm, strength]. The practice of various
rhythmical movements of the body, intended to
develop the muscles and produce gracefulness of
carriage; light gymnastics, especially designed for
the use of girls and young women.

calix (ka'-liks). See calyx.

Callaway's test (kaV -la-way) [Thomas Callaway,
English surgeon, 19th century]. In dislocation of
the humerus the circumference of the affected
shoulder, measured over the acromion and through
the axilla, is greater than that of the sound side.

Calleja's olfactory islets. Nests of large stellate
cells interspersed with small nests of minute pyra-
midal cells, found in the cortex of the hippocampal
gyrus.

Calliano's method of artificial respiration. A
modification of Sylvester's: the arms are drawn up
so as to expand the thorax, and then fixed above and
behind the head by fastening the wrists together;
pressing with the hands upon the thorax some 18
to 20 times a minute to induce respiration.

callisection (kal-e-sek'-shun) [callus, insensitive;
sectio, a cutting]. Vivisection of anesthetized
animals.

Callisen's operation (kal'-is-en) [Heinrich Callisen,
Danish surgeon, 1740-1824]. For lumbar colotomy;
a vertical incision is made following the line of the
descending colon.

callomania (kal-lo-ma'-ne-ah) [ko.\6s, beautiful;
mania]. Delusion in which the patient believes
herself endowed with beauty.

callosal (kal-o'-sal) [callosum]. Pertaining to the
corpus callosum.

callositas (kal-os'-it-as). See callosity.

callosity (kal-os'-it-e) [callus]. A hard, thickened
patch on the skin produced by excessive accumulation
of the horny layers. Syn., callositas; keratoma;
tyloma; tylosis.

callosomarginal (kal-o-so-mar'-jin-al) [callosum;
mar go, margin]. Relating to the callosal and
marginal gyri of the brain.

callososerrate (kal-o-so-ser'-dt) [callus; serratus,
saw-shaped]. Serrated callous projections.

callosum (kal-o'-sum). See corpus callosum.

callous (kal'-us) [callus]. Hard. See callus.

callus (kal'-us) [L.]. 1. A callosity; hardened and
thickened skin. 2. The new growth of incomplete
osseous tissue that surrounds the ends of a fractured
bone during the process of repair, c, interior, c,
internal, provisional callus of a fractured bone de-
posited in its medullary canal, c, permanent, the
permanent bond of bony union after reabsorption
of the provisional callus, or cartilage-like, plastic
material first thrown out. c. of skin, induration and
thickening of the skin.

calmant (kahm'-ant) [ME., calme]. A calmative
medicine.

calmative (ka(h)V -mat-iv) . 1. Calming; sedative.
2. An agent that produces a calming or sedative
effect.

Calmette's reaction or ophthalmo-tuberculin test
(kal-mef) [Albert Calmette, French bacteriologist,
1863- ]. A diagnostic measure to detect the
presence or absence of tuberculosis. It consists in
the instillation into the eye of a drop of a one per
cent, aqueous solution of an alcoholic precipitate of
Koch's old tuberculin. In a positive reaction the
conjunctiva becomes congested and a fibrinous
exudate forms in the lower conjunctival sac and at
the inner canthus.

calmin (kal'-min). A compound of antipyrine
and heroine; it is used in asthma.

calolactose (cal-o-lak'-tos). Trade name of an
intestinal disinfectant said to consist of calomel,
1 part; bismuth subnitrate, 1 part; lactose, 8 parts.

calomel (kal'-o-mel) [koKos, fair; ^eXas, black].
Mercurous chloride, c, colloidal. Same as calo-
melol.

calomelol (kal'-o-mel-ol). Colloidal calomel; a
proprietary preparation containing calomel and
albumin; used as a dusting-powder or in ointment.

calor (ka'-lor) [L.]. 1. Heat. 2. Moderate fever-
heat; less than fervor and ardor, c. animalis, animal
heat. c. febrilis, fever-heat. c. fervens, boiling
heat. c. innatus, natural or normal heat. c. in-
ternus, inward fever: fever not appreciable on the
surface of the body. c. mordax, c. mordicans,
biting or pungent heat. c. nativus, native or animal
heat; blood-heat; normal heat.

calorescence (kal-or-es'-ens).^ Tyndall's name for
the conversion of rays of heat into rays of light.

Calori's bursa (ka-lor'-e) [Luigi Calori, Italian
anatomist, 1807-1896]. A bursa between the arch
of the aorta and the trachea.

caloric (ka-lor'-ik) [calor]. 1. Pertaining to a calory
or to heat. 2. Heat.

caloricity (kal-or-is'-it-e) [calor, heat]. The heat-
producing power of the living animal body.

calorie (kal'-or-e). See calory.

calorifacient (kal-or-if-a'-she-ent) [calor; facer e, to
make]. Heat-producing (applied to certain foods).

calorific (kal-or-if'-ik) [calor, heat; facere, to make].
Heat-producing, c. center, heat-producing center.

calorimeter (kal-or-im'-et-er) [calor; fterpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the heat
that bodies produce or absorb, c, respiration
(Atwater's), an apparatus used to determine the
caloric values of various foods and their effect on
metabolism.

calorimetric equivalent. The amount of heat
necessary to raise the temperature of the calorimeter
i° C.

calorimetry (kal-or-im'-et-re). The estimation of
the heat-units by the calorimeter, c, direct, a
method of estimating the amount of heat produced
and given off by an animal incased in a ventilated
cabinet, and inclosed in another cabinet filled with
air or water, by gaging the amount imparted to the
air or water in the second cabinet, c, indirect,
that arrived at by an estimation of the calorific value
of a known quantity of food ingested by an animal
in a given time.

calorimotor (kal-or-im-o'-tor) [calor, heat; motor,
mover]. A galvanic battery that produces heating-
effects, generating electricity in large quantity, but
not necessarily with a high electro-motive force.

calorinesis (kal-or-in'-es-is) [calor, heat; pi.,
calorineses]. Any disease characterized by an alter-
ation in the quantity of animal heat.

calory {kal'-or-e) [Fr., calorie]. A heat-unit; the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of one kilogram of water from o° to i° C. c, great.
See calory, c, rational, the amount of heat required
to raise the temperature of one gram of water from

CALOT'S METHOD

182

CAMPHOR

o° to ioo° C, and is approximately equal to ioo small
calories, c, small, the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of one gram of water i° C.

Calot's method (kal'-o) [Francois Calot, French
surgeon, 1861- ]. A method of forcible reduc-
tion of angular deformity of the spine.

calox. A proprietary preparation, containing cal-
cium peroxide; used as a dentifrice.

calumba (kal-um'-bah) [native Mozambique, ka-
lumb]. Columbo. The root of Jateorrhiza calumba,
native to South Africa and parts of the East Indies.
It is an excellent example of a simple bitter, and
contains a bitter principle, calumbin, C21H22O7, of
which the dose is 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). It is not
astringent, and may be prescribed with salts of iron.
It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, and as a mild, appe-
tizing tonic in convalescence, c, extract of (ex-
tractum calumba., B. P.). Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65
Gm.). c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum calumba,
U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). c,
infusion of (infusum colomba, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz.
(30-60 Cc). c, tincture of (tinctura calumba, U.
S. P.), contains 10 % of calumba. Dose §-2 dr.
(2-8 Cc).

calumbin (kal-um'-bin). A bitter principle found
in calumba, q. v.

calvaria. calvarium (kal-va'-re-ah, -um) [calva, the
scalp]. The upper part of the skull; the skull-
cap.

calvarian (kal-va'-re-an) [calva, the scalp]. Relat-
ing to the calvaria.

calvities (kal-vish'-e-ez), [calvus, bald]. Baldness.

calvitium (kal-vish'-e-um). See calvities.

calvous {kal'-vus) [calvus]. Bald.

calx (kalks) [L.]. 1. The heel. 2. Calcium oxide.
c. chlorinata (U. S. P., B. P.), chlorinated lime.
c. sulphurata (U. S. P., B. P.), consists largely of
calcium sulphide; used externally and internally in
skin diseases. Dose TV gr. (0.006 Gm.). c. usta,
c. viva, burnt lime, unslaked lime, quick lime.

calyces of the kidneys (kal'-is-ez) [plural of calyx].
The cup-like tubes of the ureter that encircle the
apices of the Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys.

calyciform (kal-is'-e-form) [calyx; forma, shape].
Cup-shaped; resembling a calyx.

calycine (kal'-is-in) [calyx, calyx]. In biology,
pertaining to or resembling a calyx.

calycle (kal'-ik-l) [caly cuius, a little calyx]. In
biology, applied to parts that resemble a calyx, as
the bracts or leaflets of certain plants, or the cup-
cells of zoophytes.

calyculus (kal-ik'-u-lus) [pi., calyculi]. See calycle.
calyculi gustatorii. See taste-buds.

calyx (ka'-liks) [L.; pi., calyces]. A cup; especially
one of the cup-like divisions of the pelvis of the
kidney into which the pyramids project, c. of ovum,
the wall of the Graafian follicle from which the
ovum has escaped.

camara (kam'-ar-ah). 1. An arched or vaulted
chamber. 2. The fornix of the brain. 3. The
hollow of the external ear.

cambium (kam'-be-um) [L.]. A layer of tissue formed
between the wood and the bark of exogenous plants.

cambodia (kam-bo'-de-ah). See cambogia.

cambogia (kam-bo'-je-ah) [Camboja, or Cambodia,
in Siam]. Gamboge. A resinous gum from Garcinia
hanburii, a tree native to southern Asia. Its proper-
ties are due to gambogic acid. It is a drastic, hydra-
gogue cathartic, decidedly diuretic, c, compound
pill of (pilula cambogia composita, B. P.), contains
cambogia, aloes, hard soap, compound powder of
cinnamon, and syrup. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65
Gm.). It is also officially a constituent of compound
cathartic pills.

camera (kam'-er-ah) [Ka.iia.pa, an arched roof or
chamber]. 1. See camara. 2. In optics, the apparatus
used for photography, c. aquosa, the anterior aque-
ous chamber of the eye. c. cordis, the enveloping
membrane of the heart, the pericardium, c. lucida,
an optical device for superimposing or combining two
fields of view in one eye, invented by the chemist,
Wollaston. c. oculi, the chamber of the eye. c.
septi lucidi, the fifth ventricle of the brain.

camisia foetus (kam-is'-e-ah). The chorion.

camisole (kam-is-oV) [Fr.]. The strait-jacket,
used for the restraint of the violently insane.

Cammidge's test [Percy John Cammidge, English
physician]. A test for the detection of pancreatic
disease by examination of the urine for a substance,
probably pentose.

camomile, chamomile (kam'-o-mil). See anihemis
and matricaria.

Campani's test (kam-pah'-ne). For glucose: If a
concentrated solution of lead subacetate mixed with
a dilute solution of copper acetate is added to urine
containing glucose a yellow to orange-red precipitate
results.

camp cure. Life in camp and in the open air,
adopted as a therapeutic measure, c. fever, synonym
of typhus fever, c. measles, an epidemic of measles
among soldiers.

Camper's angle (kam'-per) [Peter Camper, Dutch
anatomist, 1722-1789]. See facial angle. C.'s
chiasm, the crossing of the inner fibers of the
tendons of the flexor sublimis digitorum (see under
muscle) after they have separated to give passage to
the tendons of the deep flexor. C's fascia, the
superficial layer of the lower part of the superficial
fascia of the abdomen. C.'s ligament, triangular
ligament; the deep perineal fascia. C.'s line, a line
running from the external auditory meatus to a
point just below the nasal spine.

camphacol (kam'-fak-ol). A proprietary prepara-
tion said to contain camphoric acid, formaldehyde
and guaiacol; used in catarrhal conditions of the
respiratory and urinary tract. Dose gr. 5-20 (0.3-
1.2 Gm.).

camphene (kam'-fen) [camphor]. 1. Any one of
the volatile oils or hydrocarbons having the general
formula C10H16, isomeric with oil of turpentine.
Many camphenes, as oil of cloves, etc., exist ready
formed in plants. They are liquid at ordinary
temperatures. 2. Purified oil of turpentine.

camphenol (kam-fe'-nol) . A compound of camphor
cresols, and phenols; it is a disinfectant.

camphin (kam'-fin) , CioHs. A colorless oil obtained
by the distillation of camphor with iodine.

camphoid (kam'-foid) [camphor]. A substitute for
collodion. It is a solution, one in 40, of pyroxylin,
in equal parts by weight of camphor and absolute
alcohol.

camphol {kam'-fol). See borneol.

campholyptus (kam-fo-lip'-tus). A proprietary
external anodyne said to consist of eucalyptol,
camphor and chloral.

camphophenique (kam-fo-fen-ek') [Fr.]. A pro-
prietary preparation combining camphor and phenol;
it is recommended as an antiseptic and local stimulant.

camphor (kam'-for) [camphor a, camphor], C10H16O.
A solid, volatile oil obtained from Cinnamomum
camphora, a tree indigenous to eastern Asia. It
yields camphoric and camphonic acids, also camphor
cymol when exposed to a high heat in closed vessels.
It is antispasmodic, anodyne, diaphoretic, and stimu-
lant. Applied locally, it is rubefacient. It is used
in cholera, vomiting, the typhoid state, headache,
diarrhea with pain, etc., cardiac depression, and
affections requiring an antispasmodic, c, artificial,
C10H16HCI, a terpene hydrochloride obtained from
oil of turpentine by action of hydrochloric acid;
it is a solid very similar to camphor, c.-ball, an
English preparation used as an application to chapped
skin. Its composition is spermaceti, 4; white wax,
12; oil of almonds, 5; melt in a water-bath, and add
flowers of camphor 4; dissolve, and when nearly cold
pour into boxes or mold in gallipots, c, Borneo.
See borneol. c, carbolated, a mixture of 2! parts of
camphor with 1 each of phenol and alcohol; it is a
good antiseptic dressing for wounds, c. cerate
(ceratum camphora, U. S. P.), consists of camphor
liniment, 3; olive-oil, 12; simple cerate, 85. It is
used for itching skin affections, c, chloral, a fluid
prepared by mixing equal parts of camphor and
chloral. It is an excellent solvent for many alkaloids,
and is used externally as a sedative application, c,
citrated, a compound of citric acid and camphor; a
white powder, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and stimu-
lant. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) several times
daily, c, flowers of, powdered camphor obtained
by condensing sublimed camphor, c.-ice, a cosmetic
preparation made by melting 16 parts of white wax
with 48 parts of benzoated suet, and then adding 8
parts of camphor and 1 part of oil of lavender, c,
Japan, the commercial variety brought from Japan;
it is also called tub camphor, from the receptacle in
which it comes, or Dutch camphor, from its intro-
duction into the market by that people, c. liniment
(linimentum camphora, U. S. P.), a preparation con-
sisting of camphor, 20 parts; cotton-seed oil, 80 parts.
c. liniment, compound (linimentum camphora com-

CAMPHORACEOUS

183

CANAL

positum, B. P.), contains camphor and oil of lavender
dissolved in rectified spirit, and strong solution of
ammonia added, c, liquid, oil of camphor, c,
liquid artificial, CioHieHCl, a liquid isomere of solid
artificial camphor obtained from oil of turpentine by-
action of gaseous hydrochloric acid at high tempera-
tures, c, monobromated (camphora monobromata,
U. S. P.), CloHisBrO, camphor in which one atom of
hydrogen has been replaced by an atom of bromine.
It resembles the bromides in therapeutic action.
Dose i-io gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). c, Neroli. See
auradeA c.-resin, C20H30O2, a yellow, resinous [body
obtained from camphor by heating it with an "alco-
holic solution of caustic potash, c. salicylate, pre-
pared by heating together 14 parts of camphor and
11 of salicylic acid. It is used as an ointment.
c, spirit of (spiritus camphor cb, U. S. P.), contains
camphor, 10; alcohol, 90 parts. Dose 5-20 min.
(0.3-1.2 Cc). c, tincture of, compound (tinctura
camphora composita, B. P.), contains opium, benzoic
acid, camphor, oil of anise, and proof spirit. Dose
15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). c, tincture of, Rubini's,
a saturated solution of camphor in alcohol. Dose
2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). c.-water (aqua camphora,
U. S. P.), consists of camphor, 8; alcohol, 5; distilled
water, sufficient to make 1000 parts. Dose 1-4 dr.
(4-16 Cc).

camphoraceous (kam-for-a'-shus). Resembling or
containing camphor. Syn., camphoroid; camphorous.

camphorate (kam'-for-at). A salt of camphoric
acid.

camphorated (kam'-for-a-ted) [camphor]. Impreg-
nated with camphor, c. oil, camphor liniment
(camphor 20, cotton-seed oil 80).

camphoric (kam-for'-ik). Relating to camphor.
c. acid. See acid, camphoric, c.-acid phenetidin, a
compound of camphoric acid and paraphenetidin.
c. anhydride, C11H14O3, the anhydride of camphoric
acid, a sticky mass obtained by heating the crude
acid.

camphorism (kam'-for-izm). Camphor-poisoning;
a condition marked by gastritis, coma, and con-
vulsions, due to excessive ingestion of camphor and
its preparations.

camphorogenol (kam-for-oj'-en-ol), C10H18O2. A
constituent of camphor occurring as a tolerably
heavy oil with smell somewhat like camphor; boils
at 212-2130 C.

camphoromania (kam-for-o-ma'-ne-a) [camphor;
^d^ia, frenzy]. The camphor habit; a morbid craving
for camphor.

camphoroxol (kam-for-oks'-oT). A 3 % solution of
hydrogen dioxide containing 32 % of alcohol and 1 %
of camphor.

camphrene (kam'-fren) , C9H14O. A volatile product
of camphor and sulphuric acid.

camphyl (kam'-fil). The hypothetical radical of
borneol, C10H17. c. alcohol, borneol.

campimeter (kam-pim'-et-er). See perimeter.

campsis (kamp'-sis) [/ca^i/as, a curving]. Any
abnormal curvature or flexion.

camptodactylia (kamp-to-dak-til'-e-ah) [KanTrros,
bent; SoktvXos, finger]. Permanent flexion of one
or more fingers.

campylochirus (kam-pil-o-ki'-rus) [Ka/nrvKos, crook-
ed; xeLp, hand]. Having distorted hands.

campylorrhachis (kam-pil-or'-a-kis) [/ca/i-n-uXos,
crooked; pax«, backbone]. A fetus with spinal
deformity.

campylorrhinus (kam-pil-o-ri'-nus) [KafnrvXos,
crooked; pis, nose]. A monstrosity with a de-
formity of the nose.

Canada balsam (kan'-a-dah). See balsam, Canada.
C. fleabane. See erigeron. C. hemp. See apocynum.
C. pitch. See pix canadensis.

canadine (kan'-ad-en), C21H21NO4. An alkaloid
from the rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis, occurring
in pure white needles, soluble in alcohol and melting
at I32°-I35° C.

canadol (kan'-ad-ol). A transparent volatile
liquid resembling benzene in smell. It is a local
anesthetic used in minor surgical operations.

canal, canalis (kan-aV ', kan-a'-lis) [L., canalis].
A tubular channel or passage, c, abdominal. See
c, inguinal, c, adductor. See Hunter's canal.
c, Alcock's. See Alcock's canal, c, alimentary, the
whole digestive tube from the mouth to the anus.
c, alisphenoid, in comparative anatomy, a canal in
the alisphenoid bone, opening anteriorly into the
foramen rotundum, and transmitting the external

carotid artery, c, alveolar, anterior, one located
in the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior
superior dental nerve, c, alveolar, inferior, the
inferior dental canal, c, alveolar, median, one
located in the superior maxilla and transmitting the
middle superior dental nerve, c, alveolar, posterior,
one situated in the superior maxilla; it transmits the
posterior superior dental nerve, c, alveolodental,
any of the dental canals, c, anal, the third part
of the rectum or space between the rectum proper
and the anus, c, arachnoid, a space formed beneath
the arachnoid membrane of the brain; it transmits
the vena? magna? Galeni. c. of Arantius, the ductus
venosus. c, archinephric, the duct of the archine-
phron or primitive kidney, c, Arnold's innominate.
See Arnold's canal, c, arterial. See ductus arteri-
osus, c, atrial, the cavity of the atrium, c, audi-
tory, external, that from the auricle to the tympanic
membrane, c, auditory, internal, that beginning
on the posterior surface of the petrous bone, and
extending outward and backward for a distance of
about four lines; it transmits the auditory and facial
nerves and the auditory artery, c, auricular. 1. See
c, auditory, external. 2. The constriction between
the auricular and ventricular portions of the fetal
heart, c, avant-, the anterior portion of the male
urethra, c, Bartholin's, the duct of Bartholin's
gland, c, Bernard's. See Bernard's canal, c,
Bichat's. See Bichat's canal, c, biliary. See c,
hepatic. c, blastoporic. See c, neur enteric, c,
Bochdalek's. See Bochdalek's canal, c. of bone,
a canaliculus of bone, c, Braun's. See c, neur en-
teric, c, Braune's. See Braune's canal. c,
Breschet's. See c.s of diploe. c, bullular. See c.
of Petit, c, caroticotympanic, two or three short
canals extending from the carotid canal to the
tympanum; they transmit branches of the carotid
plexus, c, carotid, one in the petrous portion of the
temporal bone; it transmits the internal carotid
artery, c.s of cartilage, the canals in ossifying
cartilage during its vascularization, intended to
receive prolongations of the osteogenetic layer of the
periosteum. They radiate in all directions from the
center of ossification, c, central (of the modiolus),
a canal running from the base to the apex of the
cochlea, c, central (of spinal cord), the small canal
that extends through the center of the spinal cord
from the conus medullaris to the lower part of the
fourth ventricle. It represents the embryonic
ectodermal canal, c, cerebrospinal. 1. The neural
or craniovertebral canal formed by the skull and the
spine, and containing the brain and spinal marrow.
2. The primitive continuous cavity of the brain and
spinal cord, not infrequently more or less extensively
obliterated in the cord, but in the brain modified in
the form of the several ventricles and other cavities.
c, cervical. See c. of cervix uteri, c, cervicouterine.
See c, uterine, c. of cervix uteri, that portion of the
uterine canal that extends between the internal and
the external os. canalis choledochus, the common
bile-duct. c. of chorda tympani, a small canal in
the temporal bone, between its squamous and petrous
portions, parallel with the Glaserian fissure; it trans-
mits the chorda tympani nerve, c, ciliary. See
c. of Fontana. c, circumpeduncular, the lateral
ventricles of the brain, c. of Cloquet. See c,
hyaloid, c, cochlear, the spiral and snail-like cavity
of the cochlea, 28 to 30 mm. long. The base is turned
inward toward the internal auditory meatus, and
the apex outward toward the tympanum, c, con-
necting, the arched or coiled portion of a uriniferous
tubule, joining with a collecting tubule, c. of Corti.
See Corti's canal, c, Cotugno's, c. of Cotunnius.
See aqueduct of Cotunnius. c, craniopharyngeal, a
fetal canal perforating the posterior part of the
sphenoid bone and extending from the pharynx to
the hypophysis and the epiphysis; it sometimes
persists in infancy, c, craniovertebral. See c,
cerebrospinal, and c, vertebral, c, crural. See c,
femoral, c.s of Cuvier. See Cuvier's canals, c,
cystic, the cystic duct, c, deferent, the vas de-
ferens, c.s, demicircular. See c.s, semicircular, c,
dental, anterior, one extending into the facial portion
of the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior
dental vessels and nerves, c, dental, inferior, the
dental canal of the inferior maxilla; it transmits the
inferior dental nerve and vessels, c.s, dental,
posterior, two canals in the superior maxilla. They
transmit the superior posterior dental vessels and
nerves, c.s, dentinal, the minute canals in dentine,

CANAL

184

CANAL

extending approximately at right angles to the surface
of a tooth from the pulp-cavity, into which they
open, to the cementum and enamel, c.s of deriva-
tion, anastomotic venous branches extending from
deep to superficial veins, c, digestive. See c,
alimentary, c.s of diploe, canals in the diploe of
the cranium transmitting Breschet's veins, c,
ejaculatory. See duct, ejaculatory. c. of epididymis,
a convoluted tube, about 20 feet long when straight-
ened, forming the epididymis and continuous with
the vas deferens, c, ethmoid, anterior, one between
the ethmoid and frontal bones; it transmits the nasal
branch of the ophthalmic nerve and the anterior
ethmoid vessels, c, ethmoid, posterior. See c,
orbital, posterior internal. c, Eustachian. See
Eustachian canal, c, facial, the aqueduct of Fal-
lopius; it transmits the facial nerve, c, Fallopian.
See c, facial, c. of the Fallopian tube. See aquee-
ductus Fallopii. c, femoral. 1. The inner com-
partment of the sheath of the femoral vessels behind
Poupart's ligament. 2. See c, Hunter's, c. of
Ferrein. See Ferrein's canal, c. of Fontana, a series
of small spaces formed by the interlacing of the
connective-tissue fibers of the framework of the peri-
pheral processes of the iris, situated in the angle of
the anterior chamber, and serving as a medium for
the transudation of the aqueous humor from the
posterior to the anterior chamber of the eye. Syn.,
canal of Hovius; ciliary canal; Fontana's spaces.
c.s, galactophorous, the lactiferous tubules of the
mammary gland, canalis ganglionaris, the spinal
canal of the modiolus, c. of Gartner. See Gartner's
canal, c, genital, in comparative anatomy, any
canal designed for copulation or for the discharge
of ova. c. of Guidi. See c, Vidian, c, Han-
nover's. See Hannover's canal, c.s of Havers.
See Haversian canals, c, hemal, the ventral of the
two canals, of which, according to R. Owen, the
vertebrate animal is composed. It contains the heart
and the other viscera, while the neural canal incloses
the central nervous system, c. of Henle. See
Henle's canal, c, Hensen's. See Hensen's canal.
c, hepatic. 1. The excretory duct of the liver.
2. The radicles of the hepatic duct, c, hernial, one
transmitting a hernia, c, His', the thyroglossal
duct of the fetus, of which the cecal foramen of the
tongue is the vestige and which may persist during
postnatal life. c. of Hovius. See c. of Fontana.
c. of Huguier. See c. of chorda tympani. c,
Hunter's. See Hunter's canal, c. of Huschke.
See Huschke's canal, c, hyaloid, a canal running
anteroposteriorly through the vitreous body, through
which, in the fetus, the hyaloid artery passes, to
ramify on the posterior surface of the crystalline lens.
c. of the hypoglossus, the anterior condylar foramen.
c, incisor, a canal that opens into the mouth by an
aperture just behind the incisor teeth of the upper
jaw; it is formed by a groove on the adjoining sur-
faces of the superior maxillae, and has two branches
that open into the nasal fossae, c, infraorbital, a
small canal running obliquely through the bony
floor of the orbit; it transmits the infraorbital artery
and nerve, c, inguinal, a canal about i| inches
long, running obliquely downward and inward from
the internal to the external abdominal ring, and con-
stituting the channel through which an inguinal
hernia descends; it transmits the spermatic cord in
the male and the round ligament of the uterus in
the female, c, innominate. See Arnold's innomi-
nate canal, c, intestinal, that portion of the ali-
mentary canal that is included between the pylorus
and the anus, c, intralobular, biliary, the radicals
of the bile-ducts, forming a fine network in and around
the hepatic cells, and communicating with vacuoles
in the cells, c. of Jacobson. See c, tympanic.
c. of Kowalewsky. See c, neurenteric. c, lacrimal.
1. The bony canal that lodges the nasal duct. 2. One
of the lacrimal canaliculi. c, Landzert's. See c,
craniopharyngeal. c, Lauth's. See c. of Schlemm.
c. of Loewenberg. See Loewenberg's canal. c,
malar, one in the malar bone transmitting the malar
division of the temporomalar branch of the superior
maxillary nerve, c.s, mandibular. See c, dental,
inferior, c, mastoid, one opening just above the
stylomastoid foramen and transmitting the auricular
branch of the vagus nerve, c, maxillary. See c,
dental, c, median. 1. The central canal of the
spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius, c,
medullary. 1. The hollow cavity of a long bone,
containing the marrow. 2. See c, vertebral. 3. The

central canal of the spinal cord. 4. A Haversian
canal. 5- In embryology, the medullary tube.
c, medullary, cerebrospinal, the central canal of
the spinal cord, c, membranous, of the cochlea,
a canal in the cochlea, following the turns of the
lamina spiralis; it is bounded by the basilar mem-
brane, the membrane of Reissner, and the wall of the
cochlea, c.s, membranous, semicircular. See c.s,
semicircular, c. of modiolus. See c, spiral, of the
modiolus, c, myelonal, the central canal of the
spinal cord, c, nasal. 1. See c, lacrimal (1).
2. An occasional canal found in the posterior portion
of the nasal bone; 'it transmits the nasal nerves.
c, nasolacrimal. See c, lacrimal (1). c, naso-
palatine. See c, incisor, canalis nervi petrosi
profundi minoris, one in the petrosa transmitting the
deep petrosal nerve, canalis nervi petrosi super-
ficialis majoris, one opening into the Fallopian aque-
duct and transmitting the great superficial nerve.
c, neural. See c, vertebral, c, neurenteric (of
Kowalewsky), also called blastoporic canal, in the
embryo, a passage leading from the posterior part of
the medullary tube into the archenteron. c, neuro-
central. See c, vertebral, c. of Nuck. See Nuck,
canal of. c.s, nutritive. See c.s. Haversian, c,
obstetric. See c, parturient, c, obturator, a canal
in the ilium transmitting the obturator nerve and
vessels, c.s, olfactory, in the embryo, the nasal
fossae at an early period of development, c, om-
phalomesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that con-
nects the cavity of the intestine with the umbilical
vesicle, c, orbital, anterior internal. See c, eth-
moid, anterior, c, orbital, posterior internal, the
posterior of two canals formed by the ethmoid bone
and the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It trans-
mits the posterior ethmoid vessels, c, palatine,
accessory posterior, one or two canals in the hori-
zontal plate of the palate bone, near the groove
entering into the formation of the posterior palatine
canal, c, palatine, anterior, formed by the union
of the incisive canals; it opens on the palate behind
the incisor teeth, c, palatine, descending. See
c, palatomaxillary, c, palatine, external, small, a
small canal in the pyramidal process of the palate
bone, close to its connection with the horizontal
plate. It transmits the external palatine nerve, c,
palatine, posterior, c, palatine, smaller. See c,
palatomaxillary, c, palatine, superior, one formed
by the palate bone and the superior maxilla, trans-
mitting the large palatine nerve and blood-vessels.
c, palatomaxillary, one formed by the outer surface
of the palate bone and the adjoining surface of the
superior maxilla. It transmits the large palatine
nerve and blood-vessel, c, parturient, the channel
through which the fetus passes in parturition, com-
prising the cavity formed by the uterus and vagina
considered as a single canal, c, pelvic, the canal of
the pelvis from the superior to the inferior strait.
c, perivascular, the lymph-spaces about the blood-
vessels, c. of Petit. See Petit's canal, c, petro-
mastoid, a small canal, not always present, situated
at the angle of union between the mastoid and
petrous bones. It transmits a small vein from the
middle fossa of the skull to the transverse sinus.
c.s, petrosal, two canals on the upper surface of the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, transmitting
the large and small superficial petrosal nerves, c,
pharyngotympanic, one in the embryo developing
into the Eustachian canal and the tympanum, c,
plasmatic, a Haversian canal, c, pore. See c,
porous, c, porous, a canal in the ovule, supposed to
serve for the entrance of the spermatozoids in fecun-
dation, c, portal, the space in the capsule of Glisson
of the liver, in which the portal vein, hepatic artery,
and bile-duct lie. c, primitive, the vertebral canal
of the embryo, c.s, pseudostomatous, the processes
of branched cells that extend from a subepithelial or
endothelial layer to the free surface, their free ends
forming the pseudostomata. c., pterygoid. See
c. Vidian, c, pterygopalatine, one formed by the
root of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
bone and the sphenoid process of the palate bone. It
transmits the pterygopalatine vessels and nerve.
c, pulmoaortic. See ductus arteriosus, c. of the
quadrigemina, the Sylvian aqueduct, canalis radicis,
one in the root of a tooth, c.s of Recklinghausen.
See Recklinghausen's canals, c, recurrent, canalis
recurrens. See c, Vidian, c, Reichert's. See
c, Hensen's. c. of Reissner. See c, membranous,
of the cochha. c. of Rivinus, the duct of the sub-

CANALICULAR

185

CANCER

lingual gland, c. of Rosenthal. See c, spiral, of
the modiolus, c, sacculocochlear, one connecting
the sacculus and the cochlea, c, sacculoutricular,
one connecting the sacculus and the utricle, c,
sacral, the continuation of the vertebral canal in the
sacrum, c.s, Saviotti's. See Saviotti's canals, c. of
Schlemm. See Schlemm's canal, c.s, semicircular,
bony canals of the labyrinth of the internal ear.
They are three in number, — the external, superior,
and posterior, — and contain the membranous semi-
circular canals, c, semicircular, anterior, c, semi-
circular, anterior vertical. See c, semicircular,
superior, c, semicircular, external, that one of the
semicircular canals of the labyrinth having its plane
horizontal and its convexity directed backward.
c, semicircular, frontal. See c, semicircular, su-
perior, c, semicircular, horizontal. See c, semi-
circular, external, c, semicircular, inferior, c,
semicircular inner, c, semicircular, internal. See
c, semicircular, posterior, c, semicircular, lateral.
See c, semicircular, external, c, semicircular,
osseous. See c.s, semicircular, c, semicircular,
posterior, that one of the semicircular canals having
its convexity directed backward and its plane almost
parallel to the posterior wall of the pyramid, c,
semicircular, posterior vertical, c, semicircular,
sagittal. See c, semicircular, posterior, c, semi-
circular, superior, that one of the semicircular canals
having its convexity directed toward the upper
surface of the pyramid, c.s, seminal, the seminifer-
ous tubules, c, serous, any minute canal connected
with the lymph-vessels and supposed to be filled with
lymph, c, sheathing, the communication between
the cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle
and the general peritoneal cavity. It soon closes in
man, leaving the tunica vaginalis a closed sac. c,
spermatic, i. The vas deferens. 2. The inguinal
canal in the male, c., sphenopalatine. See c,
pterygopalatine, c, spinal. See c, vertebral, c,
spiral, of the cochlea, one that runs spirally around
the modiolus, taking two turns and a half, diminishing
in size from the base to the apex, and terminating in
the cupola, c, spiral, of the modiolus, a small
canal winding around the modiolus at the base of the
lamina spiralis, c, spiroid, of the temporal bone.
See c, facial, c, of Steno, the duct of the parotid
gland, c. of Stilling. See c, hyaloid, and c, central,
of spinal cord, c, suborbital. See c, infraorbital.
c, supraorbital, one at the upper margin of the orbit.
It transmits the supraorbital artery and nerve, c,
tarsal, one between and below the heads of the
abductor hallucis, transmitting the vessels and nerves
to the sole of the foot, c, temporal, c, temporo-
malar. See c, zygomaticotemporal, c, thoracic,
the thoracic duct, canales tubagformes, the semi-
circular canals, canalis tuberculorum quadrigemin-
orum, the aqueduct of Sylvius, c, tuboovarian, the
oviduct, c, tubotympanal, the inner division of the
first gill cleft in the embryo, c, tympanic, one that
opens on the lower surface of the petrous bone,
between the carotid canal and the groove for the
internal jugular vein. It transmits Jacobson's
nerve, c, uterine, the cavity of the uterus, including
the body and neck, c, uterocervical, the cavity, of
the cervix uteri, c, uterovaginal. 1. The common
canal formed by the uterus and vagina. 2. In em-
bryology, the duct of Mueller, c, vaginal, the canal
of the vagina, c, vaginoperitoneal, the inguinal
canal, c, vascular. See c.s, Haversian, c, vector,
the oviduct, c, venous, the ductus venosus. c,
vertebral, the canal formed by the vertebrae; it
contains the spinal cord and its membranes, c,
Vidian. See Vidian canal, c.s, Volkmann's. See
Volkmann's canals, canalis vomeris, one lying
between the vomer and the lower surface of the
sphenoid, and transmitting blood-vessels to the nose.
c.s, vomerobasilar, c.s, vomerosphenoid, lateral,
small lateral canals lying between the vomer and the
sphenoid, transmitting blood-vessels, c, vulvar,
the vestibule of the vagina, c, vulvouterine, the
vagina, c, vulvovaginal. 1. The vagina and the
vulva considered as a single canal. 2. The orifice
of the hymen, c. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct.
c. of Wolff. See Wolffian duct, c, zygomatic. See
c, zygomaticotemporal, c, zygomaticofacial. See c,
malar, c, zygomaticotemporal, the temporal canal
of the malar bone, running from its orbital to its
temporal surface. It transmits a branch of the
superior maxillary nerve.

canalicular (kan-al-ik'-u-lar) [canal]. Canal-
shaped; relating to a canaliculus.

canaliculization {kan-al-ik-u-liz-a'-shun) [canalicu-
lus, a little canal]. The formation of canaliculi, as
in bone, or as in calcified cartilage.

canaliculus (kan-al-ik'-u-lus) [L.]. 1. A small
canal; especially that leading from the punctum to
the lacrimal sac of the eye. 2. Any one of the
minute canals opening into the lacunae of bone.
canaliculi accessorii, inconstant canals at the outer
edge of the anterior condylar foramen, for the trans-
mission of veins, c. of communication, c. communi-
cationis, a canal at the junction of the petrosa and the
mastoid portion of the temporal bone, transmitting
a vein from the middle fossa of the skull to the trans-
verse sinus. Syn., aquaductus communicationis. c.
laqueiformis. See Henle's loop. c. mastoideus, canal
for the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, canali-
culi medullares. See canals, Haversian, c. pharyn-
geus. See canal, pterygopalatine, canaliculi, serous.
See canals of Recklinghausen, c. tympanicus, canal
for the tympanic branchy of the glossopharyngeal
nerve, canaliculi vasculosi, Haversian canals.

canalis (kan-a'-lis). Same as canal.

canalization (kan-al-iz-a'-shun) [canal]. 1. The
formation of canals, as in tissues, etc. 2. A system
of wound-drainage without tubes.

canary-seed (kan-a'-re-sed). The hulled seeds of
Phalaris canariensis; it is used in emollient poultices.

cancellate, cancellated {kan'-sel-at, -a'-ted) [cancel-
lore, to provide with a lattice]. Reticulated, or
characterized by latticed lines, as the spongy tissue
of bones, or certain leaves consisting entirely of
veins.

cancellation {kan-sel-a'-shun) [cancelli, lattice-
work]. The quality of being cancellate; cancellous
structure.

cancelli (kan-sel'-li) [L. pi. of cancellus, a lattice].
See cancellus.

cancellous (kan'-sel-us) [cancellus, latticework].
Resembling latticework, as the tissue in the articular
ends of long bones.

cancellus (kan-sel'-us) [L. ; pi., cancelli, latticework].
A space, or unit of structure, in cancellous bone;
any one of the minute divisions in spongy bone.
The spongy, latticework texture of bone.

cancer (kan'-ser). 1. See carcinoma. 2. Any kind
of malignant growth. Syn., malignant disease.
c, acinous, c, acute, medullary carcinoma or medul-
lary sarcoma, c, adenoid, a malignant form chiefly
composed of tubules lined with epithelium; adeno-
carcinoma, c. a. deux, cancer attacking both husband
and wife, or successively a man's first and his second
wife. c. albus. See cancrum oris and noma. c.
anthracinus, one beginning as a black speck and
developing into a mulberry-like growth, c, apinoid,
a hard cancer, so called because of the cleanness of
its section, c, apioid, a hard cancer resembling an
immature pear in section, c. aquaticus. Synonym
of gangrenous stomatitis, c, Aran's green. See
Aran's green cancer, c, areolar. See carcinoma,
colloid, c.-bandage, a crab-shaped bandage; a split
cloth of eight tails, c, black, melanotic cancer.
c. of the blood, leukocythemia. c, cavernous, a
colloid carcinoma in which the alveoli have become
absorbed, c.-cell, an epithelial cell of peculiar, dis-
torted shape, found in the interior of cancer-nests.
It is an ordinary epithelial cell altered in outline by
pressure, c, cellular, c, cerebriform. See car-
cinoma, soft, and sarcoma, encephaloid. c, chimney-
sweep's. See carcinoma, chimney-sweep' s. c, chon-
droid, a hard cancer, which on section exhibits a
shining, bluish-white appearance, c, chronic, a
scirrhous cancer, c, cicatrizing, a form of hard
cancer marked by atrophy and shrinking, c, clay-
pipe. See c.K smoker's, c, Cohnheim's theory of
the embryonic origin of. See Cohnheim's theory.
c, colloid. See carcinoma, colloid, c, connective-
tissue. See c, hard, c, dendritic, a papilloma.
c, duct, a form of columnar epithelioma, c, eburne-
ous. See scleroderma, c, embolic, one due to em-
bolic infection, c, encephaloid. See carcinoma,
encephaloid. c. en cuirasse, disseminated cancer
of the skin of the thorax, c, epithelial, epithelioma.
c, fasciculated, a spindle-celled sarcoma, c, fun-
goid, c, fungous, c, hematoid. See sarcoma,
encephaloid; angioma, cavernous; and angiomyces.
c, gelatiniform, c, gelatinous, a colloid cancer, c,
glaucoid, c, green. See Aran's green cancer, c,
hard, one containing an excess of fibrous tissue.

CANCERATE

186

CANNON-BONE

c, inclusion theory of. See CoKnheim's theory of the
embryonic origin of cancer, c, jacket, a continuously
spreading cancerous infiltration of the superficial
tissues, c.-juice, the milky fluid yielded by the cut
surface of a cancer on scraping, c, lipomatous, one
marked by many fat-cells in the stroma, c, mam-
mary, i. One affecting a mammary gland. 2. See
c, mastoid, c, mastoid, a form of medullary sar-
coma presenting on section the appearance of boiled
cow's udder. _ c, medullary. See c, soft, c,
melanotic, a pigmented form. c. mollis, soft cancer.
c, nephroid, a form of encephaloid sarcoma having
the appearance of a kidney in section, c.-nest, a
mass of cancer-cells, c. occultus, latent cancer.
c, osteoid. 1. One containing a deposition of osseous
material. 2. See osteosarcoma. 3. See osteochon-
droma, c, osteolytic, carcinomatous infiltration of
bone without distinct tumor-formation, c, primary,
c, primitive, one not due to infection from some
preceding cancerous manifestation. c. pullulans,
an ulcerating cancer which forms granulations, c,
pulpy, c, pultaceous. See c, colloid, c, ramose, a
form of hard cancer which branches, c, rodent.

1. Lupus. 2. Rodent ulcer, c, scirrhous. See c,
hard, c, smoker's, epithelioma of the lip or mouth
attributed to tobacco smoke or the irritation of a
pipe, c, soft, one in which the cells predominate,
the connective tissue being very small in amount.
c, solanoid, one having the appearance of a potato
in section, c, soot. See carcinoma, chimney-sweep' s.
c, stone, scirrhous carcinoma, c. terebrans, an
epithelioma, c, tubular epithelial. See cylindroma.
c. verrucosus, epithelioma with wart-like epithelial
hypertrophy, c, villous. See papilloma, c. xan-
thosus. See Aran's green cancer.

cancerate (kan'-ser-at). To become cancerous; to
be developed into a cancer.

canceration (kan-ser-a'-shun). Development into
a cancer; the assumption of malignant qualities by a
tumor.

cancerine (kan'-ser-en) [cancer]. The name given
to a ptomaine obtained from the urine in cases of
carcinoma of the uterus. It is a white substance,
crystallizing in fine needles and soluble in alkaline
solutions. Its formula is C8H5NO3.

cancerism (kan'-ser-izm). The tendency to can-
cerous formation.

canceroderm (kan'-ser-o-derm). A. T. Brand's
name for angiomata, conspicuous in size and number,
which appear in certain people who are not aged,
and which he believes bear a relation to malignant
growths.

canceromyces (kan-ser-o-mi'-sez). See cladospor-
ium cancerogenes.

cancerous (kan'-ser-us). Having the qualities of a
cancer; malignant.

canchasmus (kan-kaz'-mus) [nayKaanos, loud
laughter]. Hysterical or immoderate laughter.

Cancriamceba macroglossia (kang-kre-ah-me'-bah
mak-ro-glos' -e-ah) . An organism claimed to have
been found in epithelial carcinoma, and of which the
spores are identical with Plimmer's bodies.

cancriform (kang'-krif-orm) [cancer, a crab; forma,
form]. Resembling a cancer in appearance.

cancrine (kang'-kren). Cancerous.

cancroid (kang'-kroid) [cancer]. 1. Cancer-like.

2. An epithelioma. 3. A variety of keloid, c. cor-
puscles. See corpuscles, cancroid, c, dermic, epithe-
lioma attacking all the layers of the skin, c, folli-
cular, epithelioma arising in the hair-follicles or in
the glands of the skin, c, papillary, epithelioma
affecting the papillary layer and subsequently the
other layers of the skin. c. ulcer. See rodent
ulcer.

cancroin (kang'-kro-in) [cancer]. A substance
(said to be identical with neurin) introduced by
Adamkiewicz as a material for hypodermatic injec-
tion in cases of malignant disease, it being regarded
by him as an alexin destructive of cancer tissue.

cancrum (kang'-krum) [cancer]. A cancer or
rapidly spreading ulcer, c. nasi, gangrenous rhinitis
of children, c. oris, a disease of childhood between
the ages of one and five, characterized by the forma-
tion of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces of the
cheeks or lips. There is but slight pain, but the
prostration is great, and death usually results from
exhaustion or blood-poisoning. The disease is
bacterial, poor hygienic surroundings and a debili-
tated system being predisposing causes. Syn.,
canker of the mouth; gangrenous stomatitis; noma;

gangrenous ulceration of the mouth, c. pudendi,
ulceration of the vulva.

candela (kan-de'-lah) [candere, to glow]. 1. A
medicated candle for fumigation. 2. A wax bougie.

canella (kan-el'-ah) [dim. of canna, a reed]. The
bark of C. alba deprived of its corky layer and dried.
It is a native of the West Indies, and is an aromatic
tonic and bitter stomachic. Dose of the powdered
bark 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). It is official in the B. P.

cane-sugar. See saccharose (1).

canicaceous (kan-e-ka'-shus) [canicce, a kind of
bran]. Furfuraceous.

canine (ka'-ntn) [cants, a dog]. Partaking of the
nature of, relating to, or resembling a dog or the sharp
tearing-teeth of mammals, located between the
incisors and the molars, c. appetite, bulimia, c.
eminence, a prominence on the outer side of the
maxilla, c. fossa. See fossa, canine, c. laugh, a
sardonic smile or grin. c. madness, rabies; hydro-
phobia, c. muscle, the levator anguli oris. c. teeth,
the cuspid teeth next to the lateral incisors; so called
from their resemblance to a dog's teeth. Syn.,
conoides; cuspidati; cynodontes; denies angulares;
denies canini; denies laniarii; eye-teeth.

caniniform (kan-in'-if-orm) [caninus, pertaining
to the dog; forma, shape]. Applied to teeth re-
sembling canines.

canities (kan-ish'-e-ez) [L.]. Poliosis; hoariness;
blanching of the hair.

canker (kang'-ker) [cancer, a crab]. An ulceration
of the mouth, or any ulcerous or gangrenous sore;
cancrum oris; in farriery, a fetid abscess of the
horse's foot. See cancrum oris, c.-rash. Synonym
of scarlatina.

Canna (kan'-ah) [nawa, a cane]. A genus of large-
leaved marantaceous plants. C. indica has an acrid
and stimulant root; it is alterative, diuretic, and
diaphoretic. The rhizome of C. speciosa affords
canna-starch, a substitute for arrowroot.

cannabene (kan'-ab-en). See under cannabis.

cannabin (kan'-ab-in). A crystalline resin from
Indian hemp; it is hypnotic. Dose 1I-4 gr. (0.097-
0.26 Gm.). c. tannate, a yellow, astringent powder,
soluble in alkaline water or alcohol; it is hypnotic
and sedative. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.6 Gm.).

cannabindon (kan-a-bin'-don), C8H12O. A dark,
cherry-red syrup obtained from Indian hemp;
soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. It is hypnotic
and narcotic. Dose §-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.).

cannabinine (kan-ab'-in-en) [cannabis], A volatile
alkaloid from Indian hemp. -

cannabinol (kan-ab'-in-ol), C18H24O2. A red oil
obtained by fractional distillation from Indian hemp,
and supposed to be its most active ingredient.

cannabinon, cannabinone (kan-ab'-in-on) [canna-
bis]. An amorphous bitter resinoid from Indian
hemp, used as a hypnotic. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2
Gm.).

Cannabis (kan'-ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian hemp.
The flowering tops of C. saliva, of which there are
two varieties, C. indica and C. americana, the former,
being the more potent; they contain a resin, cannabin,
and a volatile oil, from which are obtained cannabene,
C18H20, a light hydrocarbon, and cannabene hydride, a
crystalline body. It is antispasmodic, narcotic, anp
aphrodisiac. In large doses it produces mental
exaltation, intoxication, and a sensation of double
consciousness. It is used in migraine, in paralysis
agitans, in spasm of the bladder, in sexual impotence,
in whooping-cough, in asthma, and in other spas-
modic affections. Bang, bhang, cunjah, churrus, and
hashish are the various Indian names by which the
drug is known. C. indica (U. S. P.), Indian cannabis.
Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). C. indica, extract of (ex-
tr actum cannabis indices, U. S. P.). Dose |-i gr.
(0.01-0.065 Gm.). C. indica, fluidextract of (fluid-
extr actum cannabis indicce, U. S. P.), an alcoholic
preparation. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). C.
indica, tincture of (tinctura cannabis indicce, U. S. P.),
contains 10 % of the drug. Dose 20 min.-i dr.
(1.3-4.0 Cc).

cannabism (kan'-ab-izm) [cannabis, hemp]. The
habitual use of Cannabis indica; ill-health caused
by the misuse of Cannabis indica.

cannabist (kan'-ab-ist) [cannabis, hemp]. A devo-
tee to the use of Cannabis indica.

cannon-bone, canon-bone {kan'-on bon). One of
the functional and complete metacarpal or meta-
tarsal bones of a hoofed quadruped, supporting the
weight of the body upon the feet.

CANNULA

187

CAPITAL

cannula {kan'-u-laK) [dim. of canna, a tube]. A
tube used for withdrawing fluids from the body. It
is generally fitted with a pointed rod for puncturing
the integument, c, perfusion, a double cannula,
one tube of which is used for the inflow of a fluid
and the other tube for the outflow; it is employed in
the irrigation of a cavity.

cannular, cannulate {kan'-u-lar, -lat) [cannula].
Tubular; channeled.

canor (ka'-nor) [L. ; pi., canores). A musical
sound, c. stethoscopicus. See metallic tinkling.

Canquoin's paste (kan-kwan') [Alexandre Can-
quoin, French physician, 1823- ]. A paste of
flour, water, and zinc chloride; it is a powerful
escharotic.

Cantani's diet (kan-tah'-ne) [Arnoldo Cantani,
Italian physician, 1837-1893]. An exclusive meat-
diet in diabetes. C.'s treatment, a method of
treating cholera by high enemata of large quantities
of water containing tincture of opium and tannic
acid at a temperature of from ioo° to 1040 F.

cantering rhythm {kan' -ter-ing rithm). See bruit
de galop.

canthal (kan'-thal) [navdbs, a canthus]. Relating
to a canthus.

cantharene {kan'-thar-en), C10N12I2O3. A com-
pound obtained from cantharidin by action of hy-
driodic acid.

canthariasis (kan-thar-i'-as-is) [cantharis]. A term
proposed by Hope for the diseases that originate
from the presence in the body of coleopterous insects
or their larva?.

cantharidal {kan-thar' -id-al) [cantharides]. Relat-
ing to or containing cantharides. c. collodion
{collodium cantharidatum, U. S. P.). See collodion,
cantharidal.

cantharidated {kan-thar' -id-a-ted). Containing
cantharides.

cantharides {kan-thar' -id-ez) [Kavdapls, a blistering
Spanish fly]. The dried body of a species of beetle,
C. vesicatoria (nat. ord. Coleoptera). It contains a
powerful poisonous principle, cantharidin {q. v.).
Locally applied, cantharidis is a rubefacient and
vesicant; internally it is an irritant, causing pain and
vomiting. In toxic doses it produces severe gastro-
enteritis, strangury, and priapism. It is used as an
external counterirritant in the form of "blisters."
Internally it is employed as a stimulant to the geni-
tourinary mucous membrane, especially in cystitis,
atony of the bladder, amenorrhea, etc.; also in skin
diseases, c. cerate {ceratum cantharidis, U. S. P.),
cantharides, 35; rosin, 20; yellow wax 20; lard, 35
parts; liquid petrolatum, q. s. c. liniment, can-
tharides, is parts; oil of turpentine, q. s. ad 100.
c. ointment {unguentum cantharidis, B. P.), can-
tharides, yellow wax, olive-oil. c. paper {charta
epispastica, B. P.), blistering paper, contains can-
tharides, 1; Canada turpentine, 1; 10 olive-oil, 41
spermaceti, 3; white wax, 8; water, 10 parts, spread
on paper, c. plaster {emplastrum cantharidis, B. P.),
cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared
lard, rosin, c, tincture of {tinctura cantharidis,
U. S. P.), contains 10 % of the drug. Dose 3-10
min. (0.09-0.3 Cc). c, vinegar of {acetunt can-
tharidis, B. P.), of the strength of 1 to 8.

cantharidic {kan-thar -id' -ik) . Relating to or
obtained from cantharides. c. anhydride. Synonym
of cantharidin.

cantharidin {kan-thar' -id-in) [cantharides], C10H12O4.
The bitter principle contained in Spanish flies and
other insects; it crystallizes in prisms or leaflets, and
melts at 2180. It has an extremely bitter taste, and
produces blisters on the skin. See cantharis.

cantharidism {kan-thar' -id-izm) [cantharides]. Can-
tharidal poisoning, c, external, poisoning by ab-
sorption from a cantharidal blister.

cantharis (kan'-thar-is). See cantharides.

canthectomy {kan-thek' -to-me) [canthus; Iktoixt], a
cutting out]. Excision of a canthus.

canthitis {kan-thi'-tis) [canthus; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a canthus.

cantholysis {kan-thol'-is-is) [canthus; Xwns, a
loosening]. Canthotomy with section of the external
canthal ligament.

canthoplastic {kan-tho-plas'-lik) [canthus; irXatro-eiv,
to form]. Relating to canthoplasty.

canthoplasty {kan'-tho-plas-te) [canthus; irXaaaeiu,
to form]. An operation for increasing the size of
the palpebral fissure by cutting the outer canthus.

canthorrhaphy {kan-thor' -a-fe) [canthus; pa<p7), a

seam]. An operation to reduce the size of the
palpebral fissure by suture of the canthus.

canthotomy {kan-thof -o-me) [canthus; ro/xr}, a
cutting]. Surgical division of a canthus.

canthus {kan'-thus) [icavdos, canthus]. The angle
formed by the junction of the eye-lids.

cantus galli {kant'-us gal'-i) [L., "cock-crowing"].
Same as child-crowing.

canula {kan'-u-laK). See cannula.

CaOC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening con-
traction.

caoutchouc {koo'-tshook) [S. A.]. Rubber. The
chief substance contained in the milky juice that
exudes upon incision of a number of tropical trees
belonging to the natural orders Euphorbiacece,
Artocarpacece, and Apocynacece. The juice is a vege-
table emulsion, the caoutchouc being suspended in it
in the form of minute transparent globules. When
pure, caoutchouc is nearly white, soft, elastic, and
glutinous; it swells up in water without dissolving;
the best solvents are carbon disulphide and chloro-
form. It melts at about 1500 C. and decomposes
at 2000 C.

cap., abbreviation for capiat [L.], let him take.
_ cap {kap) [AS., cappe]. 1. See tegmentum. 2. The
tissue covering the conical end of a fymph-follicle.
c, enamel, the concave enamel-organ covering the
top of the growing tooth-papilla, c, nuclear, a col-
lection of chromophilic substance on one side of the
nucleus of a cell.

capacity {kap-as'-it-e) [capacitas, capacity]. 1. The
power of holding or containing; mental or physical
ability. 2. Cubic extent, c, testamentary, a legal
term signifying the degree of mental ability requisite
for making a valid will, c, thermal, the amount of
heat absorbed by a body in being raised i° C. in
temperature, c, vital, the total amount of air that
can be expelled by the most forcible expiration after
the deepest inspiration.

capiat {ka'-pe-at) [L., "let it take"]. An instru-
ment intended for use in removing remnants of the
placenta, polypi, or the like, from the uterine
cavity.

capillaire {kap-il-dr') [Fr.]. The plant Adiantum
capillus veneris, a species of maiden-hair fern; also a
cough-syrup prepared from the same. See adiantum.

capillaraneurysm {kap-il-ar-an' -u-rizm) [capillus;
avevpvana, a widening]. Excessive capillarectasia.

capillarectasia {kap-il-ar-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [capillus; «-
TCLtns, a stretching-out]. Dilation of the capillaries.

capillarimeter {cap-il-ar-im! -et-ur) [capillus, a hair;
fikrpov, a measure]. A device for estimating the
diameter of capillary tubes.

capillaritis {kap-il-ar-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
capillaries.

capillarity {kap-il-ar' -it-e) [capillary]. 1. Capillary
attraction; the force that causes fluids to rise in fine
tubes or bores. 2. The condition cf being capillary.

capillary {kap'-il-a-re) [capillus]. 1. Hair-like;
relating to a hair, to a hair-like filament, or to a tube
with a hair-like bore. 2. A minute blood-vessel
connecting the smallest ramifications of the arteries
with those of the veins, c. attraction. See capil-
larity, c. bronchitis. See bronchitis, capillary.
c. drainage. See drainage, c. fissure, c. fracture, a
linear fracture, without displacement, capillaries,
Meigs', the branching capillaries discovered by A. V.
Meigs between the muscular fibers of the human
heart, c. nevus. See nevus (2). c. pulse, pulsation
of the capillaries sometimes seen in aortic regurgita-
tion, c. vessels, the capillaries.

capilliculture {kap-il ' -e-kul-chur) [capillus, hair;
cultura, culture]. Systematic treatment for the
improvement or restoration of the hair.

capillitium {kap-il-ish' -e-um) [L.]. The hair of
the head, or the portion of the scalp thus covered.

capillose {kap'-il-os) [capillosus]. Hairy.

capillurgy {kap'-il-ur-je) [capillus, a hair; epyov,
work]. The art of destroying superfluous hair.

capillus {kap-il'-us) [L.; pi., capilli]. 1. A hair;
specifically a hair of the head. 2. A hair-like fila-
ment. 3. A hair's breadth (1-10 to 1-12 of a line).

capistration {kap-is-tra' -shun) [capistrum, a halter].
See phimosis; also trismus.

capistrum {kap-is'-trum) [L., "a muzzle or halter";
pi., capistra]. 1. A bandage for the head or lower
jaw. Syn., capelina. 2. Trismus.

capital {kap'-it-al) [caput]. 1. Pertaining to the
head, or to the summit of a body or object. 2. Of
great importance, as a capital operation in surgery.

CAPITALIS REFLEXA

188

CAPSULE

capitalis reflexa (kap-it-a'-lis re-fieks'-ah). A re-
current bandage for a stump.

capitate (kap'-it-dt) [caput, head]. In biology,
having a head or a head-like termination.

capitatum {kap-it-a'-tum). The large bone of the
carpus, the os magnum.

capitellum (kap-it-el'-um) [dim. of caput], i. A
small head or rounded process of bone. 2. The
rounded, external surface of the lower end of the
humerus. 3- The bulb of a hair.

capitiluvium (kap-it-el-u'-ve-um) [caput, head;
luere, to wash]. A washing or bathing of the head;
a wash for the head.

capitium (kap-ish'-e-um) [L.]. A bandage for the
head; it may be triangular or four-cornered, c.
magnum, c. quadrangulare, c. quadratum, a four-
cornered head bandage, c, minus, c. triangulare, a
three-cornered head bandage.

capitones (kap'-it-on-ez) [L.]. Fetuses with heads
too large for unassisted delivery.

capitopedal (kap-it-o-ped'-al) [caput, a head; pes,
foot]. In biology, pertaining to or near the junction
of the head and foot.

capitular (kap-it'-u-lar) [caput, head]. Pertaining
to a capitulum or head. c. process of a vertebra,
one with which the head of a rib articulates.

capitulum (kap-it'-u-lum) [L., "a small head"].
A little head. c. of Santorini, a small elevation on
the apex of the arytenoid cartilage, corresponding in
position to the posterior extremity of the vocal band.

capnomor (kap'-no-mor) [icairt>6s, smoke; nolpa, a
part], C20H22O2. A transparent, colorless, oily fluid,
a constituent of smoke obtained from the heavy oil
of tar. It dissolves caoutchouc.

cappa (kap'-ah). The ectocinereal lamina of the
mesencephal.

Capparis (kap'-ar-is) [L., "the caper-bush"]. A
genus of shrubs including the caper-bush, C. spinosa.
Its flower-buds (capers) are pickled or made into
sauce. The bark of the root and the flowers are
official remedies in some countries. It is diuretic,
cathartic, depurative, stimulant. C. aphylla, a
shrub of India, is esteemed in the treatment of boils
and affections of the joints. C. coriacea is a native of
Peru; the fruit is antiepileptic and antihysteric. The
root-bark of C. jamaicensis, of South America, is
rubefacient, the root diuretic, the leaves and flowers
antispasmodic.

capped hock (kapd' hok). In farriery, the develop-
ment of a bruise at the point of the hock of a horse,
with the formation of a hygroma, the result of rubbing
or striking that part against the partition of the
stall, c.-knee, a dropsical collection in the bursa in
front of the knee-joint of the horse.

Capranica's reaction for bile-pigments. Add to
the solution chloroform containing some bromine, and
shake; it becomes first green, blue-violet, yellowish
red, and finally colorless. If the green or blue solu-
tion is shaken with HC1, the color is destroyed by
the acid. C.'s reaction for guanin. 1. A warm
solution of guanin hydrochloride with a cold saturated
solution of picric acid gives a yellow precipitate oc-
curring as silky needles. 2. Add to a guanin solution
a concentrated solution of potassium f erricyanide ; a
yellowish-brown prismatic precipitate is formed.
3. On the addition of a concentrated solution of
potassium chromate to guanin solutions an orange-
red crystalline precipitate is formed. It is very
insoluble in water.

caprate (kap'-rdt). A salt of capric acid.

caprenalin (kap-ren'-al-in). Trade name of a
preparation from suprarenal capsules; used as a
vasoconstrictor, hemostatic, and cardiac stimulant.

capreolar (kap-re'-o-lar) , capreolary (kap'-re-o-la-
re), capreolate (kap'-re-o-lat) [capreolus, a tendril].
In biology, climbing, furnished with tendrils; in
anatomy resembling tendrils, as the spermatic vessels,
vasa capreolaria. c. vessels, the spermatic vessels,
from their twined and twisted appearance.

capric (kap'-rik) [caper, a goat]. Relating or
belonging to, or having the odor of, a goat. c. acid.
See acid, capric.

capriloquium (kap-ril-o'-kwe-um) [caper, a goat;
loqui, to speak]. Same as egophony.

caprin (kap'-rin]) [see capric]. An oily and flavor-
ing constituent of butter; glycerol caprate.

caprinate (kap'-rin-dl). See caprate.

caprinic (kap-rin'-ik). See caprice

caprizant (kap'-ri-zant) [see capric]. Leaping; of
irregular motion, applied to the pulse.

caproate (kap'-ro-at). A salt of normal caproic
acid.

caproic (kap-ro'-ik). See capric. c. acid. See
acid, caproic. c. anhydride, C12H22O3, a neutral oily
liquid.

caproin (kap'-ro-in). A fat, resembling caprin,
found in goat's butter.

caprone (kap'-ron) [see capric], C11H22O. Caproic
ketone; a clear, volatile oil found in butter, and
forming the larger part of the oil of rue.

caproyl (kap'-ro-il). 1. CeHuO. A hypothetical
radical. Syn., hexoyl. 2. CeHw, a radical. Syn.,
hexyl.

caproylamine (kap-ro-il'-am-in) [caproyl; amine],
C6H15N. Hexylamine. A ptomaine formed in the
putrefaction of yeast.

caprylate (kap'-ril-at). A salt of caprylic acid.

caprylic acid (kap-ril'-ik). See acid, caprylic.

capsaicin (kap-sa'-is-in). See capsicin.

capsella (kap-sel'-ah) [dim. of capsa, a box]. The
leaves and stems of C. bursa pastoris, common in
temperate climates. C. bursa pastoris, shepherd's
purse; the leaves are hemostatic and antiscorbutic.

capsicin (kap'-sis-in). 1. C9H14O2. The active
principle of Cayenne pepper, found in the pericarp
and placenta of Capsicum fastigiatum, and soluble
in alcohol, ether, benzene, and fixed oils. It is a
thick, yellowish-red substance, and its vapors are
intensely acrid. Dose ^-| gr. (0.006-0.016 Gm.).
2. An oleoresin from capsicum, occurring as an oily
liquid devoid of pungency.

capsicol (kap'-sik-ol) [capsicum; oleum, oil]. A
red oil obtainable from the oleoresin of capsicum.

capsicum (kap'-sik-um) [capsa, a box]. Cayenne
pepper. The fruit of C. fastigiatum, native to
tropical Africa and America. Its odor and hot taste
are due to a volatile oil, capsicin, C9H14O2, which is
irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. In-
ternally it is a stomachic, tome, diuretic, and aphro-
disiac. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, flatulent
colic, and intermittent fever. C. annuum is the
common red pepper of the garden, c, fluidextract
of (fluidextr actum capsici, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.-
1 dr. (0.3-4.0 Cc). c. liniment, 1 in 10, for chest
affections, rheumatism, etc. c, oleoresin of (oleo-
resina capsici, U.. S. P.). Dose § gr. (0.03 Gm.).
c. plaster (emplastrum capsici, U. S. P.), prepared
from the oleoresin and adhesive plaster, c, tincture
of (tinctura capsici, U. S. P.), contains 10 % of cap-
sicum. Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc).

capsitis (kap-si'-tis). Same as capsulitis.

capsotomy (kap-sot'-o-me). See capsulotomy.

capsula (kap'-su-lah) [L., "a small box"]. 1. The
internal capsule of the brain; it is the thick layer of
fibers between the caudatum and thalamus mesad
and the lenticula laterad; it is continuous with the
crura caudad, and its expansion is called the corona.
2. See capsule, c. articularis, capsular ligament.
c. glomeruli. See Bowman's capsule.

capsular (kap' -su-lar) [capsule]. Pertaining to a
capsule, c. artery, the middle suprarenal artery,
see arteries, table of. c. cataract, an opacity of the
capsule of the ciystalline lens. c. hemiplegia, a
hemiplegia due to a lesion in the internal capsule.
c. ligament, the sac or membranous bag that sur-
rounds every movable joint or articulation. It con-
tains the synovial fluid, c. vein, the suprarenal
vein, see vein.

capsulation (kap-su-la' -shun) [capsule]. The act
or process of inclosing in capsules.

capsule (kap'-sul) [dim. of capsa, a chest]. 1. A
membranous sac inclosing a part. 2. An envelope
surrounding certain organisms. 3. A soluble shell
for administering medicines, c, atrabiliary. Same
as c, suprarenal, c, acoustic. See c, auditory.
c, adipose. See c. of the kidney, c, aqueous,
c. of the aqueous humor, Descemet's membrane.
c, articular. See capsular ligament, c, auditory,
the primitive auditory organ, formed by the invagi-
nation of the nervous stratum of the epiblast. See
also vesicle, auditory, c, Bonnet's. See Bonnet's
capsule, c, Bowman's. See Bowman's capsule.
c, Bowman-Mueller's. See Bowman's capsule, c,
brain. See capsula (1). c, cartilage, c. of a carti-
lage-cell, the lining of cartilage-cavities containing
the cartilage-cells, c, crystalline. See c. of the
lens, c, external, a layer of white nerve-fibers
forming part of the external boundary of the lenticular
nucleus, c, fibrous. See ligament, capsular, c. of
Glisson. See Glisson's capsule, c.s, glutoid, gelatin

CAPSULITIS

189

CARBOHYDRATURIA

capsules treated with formaldehyde, c, hemor-
rhoidal, a metal, capsule-shaped device for applying
Vienna paste to a hemorrhoid, c, hyaloid. See
membrana limitans. c.» internal, a layer of nerve-
fibers on the outer side of the optic thalamus and
caudate nucleus, which it separates from the lenticular
nucleus, and containing the continuation upward of
the crus cerebri, c. of the kidney, the fat-containing
connective tissue encircling the kidney, c. of the
lens, a transparent, structureless membrane inclosing
the lens of the eye. c, Malpighian, the commence-
ment of the uriniferous tubules. See Bowman's
capsule, c. Mueller's. See Bowman's capsule, c,
nasal, the embryonic cartilage which becomes the
nose. c. of a nerve-cell, that portion of the neuri-
lemma which covers a ganglion-cell, c, optic, the
embryonic structure forming the sclera, c, periotic,
the structure surrounding the internal ear. c,
renal. See c.f suprarenal, c.s, seminal, expansions
of the vasa deferentia near the seminal vesicles;
applied by some authorities to the seminal vesicles.
Syn., capsular es seminales. c.s, sense, the carti-
laginous or bony cavities containing the organs of
sense, c, suprarenal, the ductless, glandular body
at the apex of each kidney, c, suprarenal accessory,
an additional capsule attaining the size of a pea and
sometimes attached to the suprarenal capsule by
connective tissue, c, synovial. See membrane,
synovial.^ c. of Tenon, the tunica vaginalis of the eye.

capsulitis (kap-su-li'-tis) [capsule; im, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the capsule of the lens or of
the fibrous capsule of the eyeball.

capsulociliary (kap-su-lo-sil'-e-a-re) [capsule; tilium,
an eyelid]. Relating to the capsule of the lens and
to the ciliary organ.

capsulolenticular Qzap-su-lo-len-tik'-u-lar) [capsule;
lenticula, a lentil]. Relating to the lens and to its
capsule.

capsulopupillary {kap-su-lo-pu' -pil-a-re) [capsule;
pupilla, the pupil of the eye]. Relating to the
capsule of the lens and to the pupil.

capsulorrhaphy {kap-su-lor'-af-e) [capsule; pa^v,
a suture]. Suture of a capsule, to repair a rent or
to prevent dislocation.

capsulotome (kap'-su-lo-tom). i. See cystotome.
2. An instrument used by Buller in capsulotomy to
steady the capsule; it consists of two fine needles
fixed parallel to each other in a handle.

capsulotomy (kap-su-lot'-o-me) [capsule; renveiv,
to cut]. The operation of rupturing the capsule of
the crystalline lens in cataract-operations.

captation (kap-ta'-shuri) [captare, to desire]. The
first or opening stage of the hypnotic trance.

captol (kap'-tol). A product of the condensation
of tannin and chloral; it is used in i to 2 % solution
as an antiseborrheal agent and lotion for the hair.
Syn., tannochloral.

Capuron's cardinal points. Four fixed points of
the pelvic inlet, the two iliopectineal eminences
anteriorly, and the two sacroiliac joints posteriorly.

caput (kap'-ut) [L.; pi., capita]. The head; also
the chief part or beginning of an organ, c. breve,
the transversus pedis muscle, c. caecum coli, the
cecum, c. caudati, the base of the corpus striatum.
c. coli, the head of the colon; the cecum, c. cordis,
the base of the heart, c. cornu posterioris. Same
as c. gelatinosum. c. epididymidis, head of the
epididymis, the globus major, c. galeatum, a child's
head emerging at birth covered with the caul. c.
gallinaginis. See verumontanum. c. gelatinosum, the
name given to the translucent gray matter covering
the dorsomesal periphery of the dorsal horn of the
spinal cord. It is a peculiar, striated substance com-
posed of numerous closely crowded cellular elements,
in part connective-tissue cells, in part nerve-cells.
c. humerale, the humeral head. c. medullas, c.
medullas oblongata?, Bartholin's name for the cere-
brum as distinguished from the oblongata, capita
medullas oblongata;, the thalami. c. Medusae, the
peculiar plexus of veins surrounding the umbilicus
in periportal cirrhosis of the liver. It represents
collateral paths for the return of the venous blood
from the abdominal viscera, c. obstipum. Syno-
nym of wry-neck. c. penis, the glans penis. c.
quadratum, the rectangular head of rickets, flattened
upon the top and at the sides, with projecting occiput
and prominent frontal bosses, c. succedaneum, a
tumor composed of a serosanguineous infiltration of
the connective tissue situated upon the presenting
part of the fetus, c. tali, the head of the astragalus.

c. testis, the epididymis, c. transversum. The

same as c. breve.

caputin (kap'-u-tin) . A proprietary preparation
containing acetanilide.

caraate (kah-rah-aht'-a). Mai de los pintos.

carageen, caragheen. See carrageen.

caramel (kar'-am-el) [Fr., "burnt sugar"]. Cane-
sugar deprived of two molecules of water. It is a
viscid, brown-colored liquid.

Carapa (kar'-ap-ah) [caraipi, the Guiana name].
A genus of tropical meliaceous trees. C. guianensis
has an antispasmodic and febrifuge bark, and its seeds
afford carap-oil, a protective against insects and
vermin. C. moluccensis is an East Indian tree; the
bitter bark is used in diarrhea and the seeds in colic.
The fruit and bark of C. procera, of the tropics of
Asia and Africa, are antiperiodic; the oil from the
seeds is anthelmintic and expectorant.

carapine (kar'-ap-en). An alkaloid from the bark
of Carapa guianensis.

caraway (kar'-ah-wa). See carum.

carbamate (kar'-bam-at). A salt of carbamic acid.

carbamic (kar-bam'-ik). Obtained from carba-
mide, c. acid. See acid, carbamic.

carbamide (kar'-bam-id) [carbo, a coal; amide],
CH4N2O. Urea.

carbamin (kar-bam'-in). See acetonitril.

carbasus (kar'-bas-us) [Kapffaaa, fine flax]. Gauze;
thin muslin used in surgery, c. carbolata (N. F.)f
carbolized gauze, c. iodoformata (N. F.), iodoform
gauze.

carbazotate (kar-baz-o'-tat) [carbo, a coal; azotum,
nitrogen]. Same as pier ate.
. carbazotic acid (kar-baz-ot'-ik). See acid, picric.

carbenzyme (kar'-ben-zim). Trade name of a
preparation containing trypsin and charcoal, used
in the treatment of tuberculous fistulas and other
tuberculous lesions; it is said to digest dead and
disintegrating tissues.

carbide (kar'-bid). A compound formed by the
direct union of carbon with some radical or element.

carbimids (kar'-bim-idz). Bodies isomeric with
cyanates, but distinguished from true cyanates in
that alkalies decompose them into carbon dioxide
and amine. Syn., carbonylamines.

carbinol (kar'-bin-ol) [carbo]. Methyl-alcohol,
CH3OH. Also a generic term for the alcohols
formed by substituting hydrocarbon radicals for
the hydrogen in the methyl radical of carbinol.

carbo (kar'-bo) [L.]. A coal; charcoal, c. ani-
malis (U. S. P.), animal charcoal; bone-black; it is
used in pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry
largely as a decolorizing agent and as a filter, c.
animalis purificatus (U. S. P.), purified animal
charcoal. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). c. ligni
(U. S. P.), wood-charcoal; an absorbent, disinfectant,
and deodorizer, used in poulticing wounds and
dressing ulcers. It is used internally in gastroin-
testinal irritation.

carbocyclic compounds (kar'-bo-si-klik) . Organic
compounds of the closed chain series in which the
rings consist of carbon atoms exclusively.

carboformal (kar-bo-form'-al). A combination of
carbon and paraformaldehyde in the form of blocks
(Gliih blocks) for purposes of disinfection, the for-
maldehyde being liberated by the burning of the
carbon.

carbohemia (kar-bo-he'-me-ah) [carbo; alfia, blood].
Imperfect oxidation of the blood.

carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'-drat) [carbo; vdup, water].
An organic substance belonging to the class of com-
pounds represented by the sugars, starches and
celluloses; and containing carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen. The carbohydrates form a large class
of organic compounds, and may be arranged into
three groups: the glucoses (monoses); the disac-
charids, or sugars; and the polysaccharids. The
glucoses are the aldehyde derivatives or ketone
derivatives of the hexahydric alcohols, into which
they may be converted by the absorption of two
hydrogen atoms. They are mostly crystalline sub-
stances, very soluble in water, but dissolving with
difficulty in alcohol. They possess a sweet taste.
The disaccharids and polysaccharids are ethereal
anhydrides of the glucoses. They may all be con-
verted into the glucoses by hydrolytic decomposi-
tion. The disaccharids are ether-like anhydrides of
the hexoses.

carbohydraturia (kar-bo-hi-drat-u' '-re-ah) [carbo-
hydrate; ovpov, urine]. The presence of an ab-

CARBOLATE

190

CARCINOMA

normally large proportion of carbohydrates in the
urine.

carbolate (kar'-bol-at). i. A salt of phenol. 2. To
impregnate with phenol.

carbolfuchsin (kar-bol-fook'-sin) [carbo; fuchsin].
A staining fluid consisting of 90 parts of a 5 %
aqueous solution of phenol and 1 part of fuchsin
dissolved in 10 parts of alcohol.

carbolic (kar-bol'-ik) [carbo; oleum, oil]. Con-
taining or derived from coal-tar oil. c. acid. See
acid, carbolic, and phenol.

carbolism (kar'-bol-izm) [see carbolic]. Phenol
poisoning; a diseased state induced by the misuse or
maladministration of phenol, c, cutaneous, dry
gangrene due to the action of liquid phenol or to
prolonged application of a solution of it upon the
skin.

carbolize (kar'-bol-lz) [see carbolic]. To impreg-
nate with carbolic acid. To render aseptic or anti-
septic by the use of carbolic acid.

carbolmarasmus (kar-bol-mar-az'-mus) [carbolic;
ixapaanb<s, decay]. Chronic carbolism: a condition
marked by vomiting, vertigo, headache, salivation,
nephritis, and general marasmus.

carboluria (kar-bol-u'-re-ah) [carbo, a coal; oleum,
oil; ovpov, urine]. The presence of carbolic acid in
the urine, producing a dark discoloration. It is one
of the signs of carbolic-acid poisoning.

carbolxylene (kar-bol-zi'-len). A clearing mixture
composed of phenol, 1 part, and xylene, 3 parts;
used for clearing microscopic sections which are to be
mounted in Canada balsam or other resinous medium.

carbometer. See carbonometer.

carbon (kar'-bon) [carbo]. Charcoal. C=i2;
quantivalence II, IV. A nonmetallic element oc-
curring in the various forms of diamond, graphite or
"black lead," charcoal, and lamp-black. It is the
central or characteristic element of organic com-
pounds, c. dioxide, the acid, gaseous product,
having the composition of CO2, commonly known
as "carbonic-acid gas" or carbonic acid. It is a color-
less gas, having a sp. gr. of 1.52, soluble in cold water,
and possessing a pungent smell and an acid taste.
Inhaled, it destroys animal life by asphyxiation.
c. dioxide snow, frozen CO2 used in the treatment of
certain skin affections, c. disulphide (carbonei
disulphidum, U. S. P.), carbon bisulphide, CS2, a
colorless, transparent liquid, of offensive odor, highly
inflammable, very poisonous. It is used as a solvent
for caoutchouc and as a reagent, c. monoxide, CO,
carbonic oxide, a colorless, tasteless, and inodorous
gas, one of the products of imperfect combustion. It
is actively poisonous, c. nitride, CN, cyanogen.
c. oxysulphide, a body, COS, formed by conducting
sulphur-vapor and carbon monoxide through red-
hot tubes; it is a colorless gas, with a faint and
peculiar odor. It unites readily with air, forming
an explosive mixture, and is soluble in an equal
volume of water. It is present in the waters of
some mineral springs, c. tetrachloride, CCU, anes-
thetic, used in asthma by inhalation.

carbonate [carbon]. A salt of carbonic acid.
c, acid, a substitution-compound of carbonic acid
in which there is replacement of but one of its hy-
drogen atoms with a base, c, basic, a compound of
a carbonate with the oxide of the same base, c,
hydric. See c, acid, c, hydrogen. 1. Carbonic
acid. 2. Acid carbonate, c, neutral, c, normal,
a substitution-compound of carbonic acid in which a
base replaces all its hydrogen.

carbonated (kar'-bo-na-ted). 1. Containing car-
bonic acid or carbon dioxide. 2. Changed into a
carbonate.

carbone (kar'-bon). A carbuncle.

carbonemia (kar-bon-e'-me-ah) [carbo; alua, blood].
An accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood.

carboneum (kar-bon'-e-um). Carbon.

carbonic (kar-bon'-ik). Relating to, obtained from,
or containing carbon, c. acid. See carbon dioxide.
c. anhydride, carbon dioxide, c. snow, carbon
dioxide in crystal form.

carbonide (kar'-bon-id). 1. See carbide. 2. A
mineral which contains carbon. 3. An oxalate freed
from its hydrogen by heat.

carbonite (kar'-bon-it). An oxalate.

carbonization {kar -bon-iz-a' -shun) [carbon]. The
process of decomposing organic substances by heat
without air, until the volatile products are driven off
and the carbon remains.

carbonometer (kar-bon-om'-et-er) [carbon; n'erpov,

a measure]. An apparatus for indicating the degree
to which the air of a room is vitiated by carbon
dioxide.

carbonometry (kar-bon-om'-et-re). The determi-
nation of the amount of carbon dioxide present in
air, by the aid of the carbonometer.

carbonous (kar'-bon-us). Containing carbon.
carbonyl (kar'-bon-il) [carbon]. A. hypothetic
organic radical having the formula CO.

carbonylamines (kar-bon-il'-am-ens). See car-
bimides.

carborundum (kar-bo-run'-dum). Silicon carbide,
SiC, a substance of extreme hardness.

carbosapol {kar-bo-sa' -pol) [carbo; sapo, soap].
A clear disinfectant solution obtained by warming
together phenol, so parts; yellow soda-soap, 25 parts;
and soft potash-soap, 25 parts.

carbostyril (kar -bo-stir '-il) [carbo, charcoal; styrax,
storax], C9H7NO. Oxyquinoline; a compound pre-
pare^ by digesting quinoline with a bleaching-lime
solution.

carbosulphide, carbosulphuret (kar-bo-sul'-fid, -fur-
et) . A compound of carbon and sulphur with a radical,
carbothialdin (kar-bo-thi-aV -din) , C4H10N2S2. White
crystals obtained on evaporating carbon sulphide
with an alcoholic solution of aldehyde ammonia. It
is soluble in acids.

carbovinate (kar-bo-vin'-at). An ethyl carbonate.
carboxyhemoglobin (kar-boks-e-hem-o-glo'-bin) [car-
boxyl; hemoglobin]. The compound of carbon mon-
oxide and hemoglobin formed when CO is present in
the blood. The carbon monoxide displaces the
oxygen and checks the respiratory function of the
red corpuscles.

carboxyl (kar-boks'-il) [carbo; 61-vs, sharp]. 1. The
group, CO . OH, characteristic of the organic acids.
The hydrogen of this can be replaced by metals,
forming salts. 2. Same as carbonyl.

carboy (kar'-boi) [Turk., karaboya]. A large bottle
protected by wickerwork and a wooden box, used in
the transportation of corrosive and other liquids.

carbuncle, carbunculus (kar'-bung-kl, kar-bung'-
ku-lus) [carbo], A hard, circumscribed, deep-seated,
painful suppurative inflammation of the subcutaneous
tissue. It differs from a boil in being of greater size,
having a flat top, and several points of suppuration.
It is erroneously called anthrax.

carbunculosis (kar-bung-ku-lo' -sis) . A condition
characterized by the formation of carbuncles.
carburet (kar'-bu-ret). Carbide.
Carcassonne's ligament. See Colles' fascia.
carceag. A disease of sheep described by Babes
in Rumania; it is probably a form of trypanosomiasis.
carcinelcosis (kar-sin-el-ko'-sis) [carcinoma; ZKkoxtis,
ulceration]. A cancerous ulcer, c. fungosa. See
cancer verrucosus.

carcinolytic (kar-sin-o-lit'-ik) [carcinoma; Xiktis,
solution]. Said of a substance which is destructive
to cancer cells.

carcinoma (kar-sin-o'-mah) [/cap/aVai/m; xapxtVos,
a crab; 6y.a, tumor]. Cancer. A malignant epi-
thelial tumor composed of a connective-tissue stroma
surrounding groups or nests of epithelial cells. Three
varieties are generally described — the squamous, the
cylindrical, and the glandular. See Boas' sign; de
Morgan's spots; Semon's symptom; Spiegelberg's^ sign.
c, acinous. See cancer, acinous, c, adenoid, c.
adenodes, c. adenoides. See cancer, adenoid, c.
asbolicum. See c, chimney-sweep's, c, chimney-
sweep's, epithelioma of the scrotum, occurring among
chimney-sweepers, and supposed to be caused by the
irritant action of soot. Syn., soot cancer, c, colloid,
one in which the delicate connective-tissue stroma is
filled with colloid matter, the result of a colloid
degeneration of the epithelial cells. In some cases
the degeneration is mucoid instead of colloid. It
affects chiefly the alimentary canal, uterus, etc.
c, cylindrical, one in which the cells tend to assume
a cylindrical or columnar shape. This shape is best
seen in the cells nearest the periphery of the nests.
c. durum, a hard cancer, c, encephaloid, one of rapid
growth, with a small amount of stroma, large alveoli,
and greater amount of cells and blood-vessels, c.,,
fibromedullary, one containing about an equal portion
of cells and stroma, c. fibrosum, c, fibrous. See
c, scirrhous, c, glandular, a carcinoma in which
the cells are of the glandular or secreting type. c.,.
hyaline. See c, colloid, c, lenticular, a form of
scirrhous cancer, c. melanodes, a pigmented cancer.
c. molle, a soft or a medullary cancer, c. nigrum..

CARCINOMATOID

191

CARDIOCELE

See melanocarcinoma. c. psammosum, one in which
stratified calcareous concretions differing from those
found in psammomata have replaced the epithelial
elements, c, reticulated, one which has undergone
fatty metamorphosis and exhibits its stroma more
distinctly, c. sarcomatodes, c, sarcomatous, an
adenocarcinoma which has undergone sarcomatous
degeneration of the connective tissue, c, scirrhous,
a form which occurs most commonly in the breast;
it has a stout, fibrillated stroma, closely packed with
large nucleated cells. Syn., hard carcinoma, c.
scroti, c. scroti asbolicum. See c, chimney-sweep's.
c, squamous, one derived from squamous epithelium;
the cells are cuboid in shape, c. ventriculi, cancer
of the stomach, c, villous. See papilloma.

carcinomatoid (kar-sin-o' -mat-oid) [carcinoma;
etdos, appearance]. Resembling a carcinoma.

carcinomatosis (kar-sin-o-mat-o'-sis). The patho-
logical condition giving rise to carcinomata.

carcinomatous (kar-sin-o' -mat-us) [carcinoma].
Relating to or affected with carcinoma.

carcinomelcosis (kar-sin-om-el-ko'-sis). See car-
cinelcosis.

carcinopolypus (kar-sin-o-poV -e-pus) . A cancerous
polyp.

carcinosarcoma (kar-sin-o-sar-ko'-mah) [carcinoma;
sarcoma]. A mixed tumor having the characters of
carcinoma and sarcoma ; it usually affects the thyroid
gland.

carcinosis (kar-sin-o' -sis) [carcinoma], i. A car-
cinomatous cachexia; a tendency to the development
of malignant disease. 2. A form of carcinoma, usu-
ally fatal, beginning generally in the uterus or the
stomach and spreading to the peritoneum, c,
acute, rapidly fatal carcinosis, c, miliary, one in
which there are many secondary nodules the size of
miliary tubercles, c, miliary, acute, the rapid
formation of minute cancerous nodules, either
primary or secondary, within an internal organ or
upon its surface.

carcinous (kar'-sin-us) . Cancerous.

carcinus (kar'-sin-us) [«ap/«Vos, crab]. Same as
cancer, or carcinoma.

cardamom, cardamomum (kar'-dam-om, kar-dam-
o'-mum) [L.]. The fruit of Elettaria cardamomum,
cultivated in Malabar. Its properties are due to a
volatile oil, C10H16. It is an aromatic, carminative
stomachic, used as an ingredient of several "bitters."
When combined with purgatives it is useful to
prevent griping, c, infusion of. Dose 2 oz. (64
Cc). c, tincture of (tinctura cardamomi, U. S. P.),
20 % strength. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). c, tinc-
ture of, compound (tinctura cardamomi composita,
U. S. P.), cardamom, 20; cinnamon, 20; caraway, 10;
cochineal, 5; glycerol, 60; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad
1000 parts. Dose |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

Cardarelli's symptom [Antonio Cardarelli, Italian
physician, 19th century]. See Oliver's symptom.

Carden's amputation (kar'-den) [Henry Douglas
Carden, English surgeon, -1872]. Amputation

through the condyles of the femur just above the
articular surface; a single rounded flap is removed
from the front of the joint, and the operation is
completed by a circular incision.

cardia (kar'-de-ah). 1. The heart. 2. The eso-
phageal orifice of the stomach. 3. The fundus of
the stomach.

cardiac (kar'-de-ak) [cardia]. 1. Pertaining to the
heart. 2. Pertaining to the cardia of the stomach.
3. A drug acting especially on the heart, c. cycle,
the period included between the beginning of one
heart-beat and the beginning of another, c. dropsy,
a dropsical effusion due to heart disease with loss of
compensation, c. ganglia, ganglia lying in the
grooves and substance of the heart — the principal
ones are Remak's and Bidder's, the first on the
surface of the sinus venosus, and the latter (2) at
the auriculoventricular groove, c. impulse, the
elevation caused by the movement of the heart,
usually seen in the fifth left intercostal space, c.
murmur. See murmur, cardiac, c. orifice (of the
stomach), the esophageal orifice, c. passion. See
cardialgia. c. plexus. See plexus, cardiac, c.
rhythm, the term given to the normal regularity in
the force and volume of the individual heart-beats.

cardiactia (kar-de-ak'-le-ah) [KapSla, heart; arctus,
bound]. Cardiac stenosis.

cardiagra (kar-de-a'-grah) [KapSla, heart; ay pa
seizure]. 1. Gouty attack of the heart. 2. Angina
pectoris.

cardiagraphy (kar-de-ag'-raf-e). See cardiography
(2).

cardialgia (kar-de-aV -je-ah) [cardia; SXyos, pain].
Pain in the region of the heart, usually due to gaseous
distention of the stomach; heartburn. Syn., morbus
cardiacus; morsus stomachi; morsus ventriculi. c.
icterica, heartburn with jaundice, c. inflammatoria,
gastritis, c. sputatoria, pyrosis.

cardiameter (kar-de-am'-et-er) [cardia, p.krpov,
measure]. An apparatus for determining the posi-
tion of the cardiac orifice of the stomach.

cardiamorphia (kar-de-am-or'-fe-ah) [KapSla, heart;
a, priv.; pop<pij, form]. Deformity or malformation
of the heart.

cardianastrophe (kar-de-an-as'-tro-fe) [KapSla, heart
avaarpoipri, a turning back]. Congenital displace-
ment of the heart to the right side of the chest.

cardianesthesia (kar-de-a?i-es-the'-ze-ah) [cardia;
avawjQr)<jLa, want of feeling]. A condition of the
heart marked by lack of sensation.

cardianeuria (kar-de-ah-nu'-re-ah) [KapSla, heart;
a, priv.; vevpov, a nerve]. Lack of nerve-stimulus to
the heart.

cardianeurysma (kar-de-an-u-riz'-mah) [cardia;
i.vevpvap.a, a widening]. Aneurysm of the heart.

cardiant (kar '-de-ant) [cardia]. 1. Affecting the
heart. 2. A remedy that affects the heart.

cardiaortic (kar-de-ah-or'-tik). Relating to the
heart and the aorta.

cardiaplegia (kar-de-ah-ple' -je-ah). See cardio-
plegia.

cardiasthenia (kar-de-as-the'-ne-ah) [cardia; &<r6k-
*>eia, weakness]. A peculiar weakness of the heart
due to neurasthenic conditions.

cardiasthma (kar-de-az'-mah) [KapSla, heart; aa6p.a,
asthma]. Dyspnea or so-called asthma due to heart
disease.

cardiataxia (kar-de-at-ak'-se-ah) [KapSla, heart;
ataxia]. Incoordination of the contractions of the
heart.

cardiatelia (kar-de-ah-te' -le-ah) . See atelocardia.

cardiatomy. See cardiotomy.

cardiatrophia (kar-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [KapSla, heart;
arpcxpia, wasting]. Atrophy of the heart.

cardiauxe (kar-de-awks'-e) [KapSla, heart; ai^,
increase]. Enlargement of the heart.

cardicentesis (kar-de-sen-te'-sis). See cardiocentesis.

cardie chema (kar-de-ek-e'-mah) [KapSla, heart;
nxvM-o-y sound; pi., cardiechemata]. A sound ^produced
in or by the heart.

cardiectasis (kar-de-ek'-tas-is) [KapSla, heart;
eKraats, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the heart.

cardiectomy (kar-de-ek'-to-me) [cardia; eKTopAi,
cutting out]. Excision of the cardiac end of the
stomach.

cardielcosis (kar-de-el-ko'-sis) [cardia; IXkoktis,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the heart.

cardiemphraxia (kar-de-em-fraks'-e-ah) [KapSla,
heart; €p.<ppa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction to the
blood-current in the heart.

cardietnmoliposis (kar-de-eth-mo-lip-o'-sis) [cardia;
rfip.bs, a sieve; XiVos, fat]. A deposit of fat in the
connective tissue of the heart.

cardieurysma (kar-de-u-riz'-mah) [KapSla, heart;
evpvs, wide]. Dilatation of the heart.

cardinal (kar'-din-al) [cardo, a hinge]. Important;
preeminent, c.-flower, a common name for several
species of Lobelia, chiefly Lobelia cardinalis. c.
points of Capuron. See Capuron's cardinal points.
c. veins, the venous trunks which, in the embryonic
stage, 'form the primitive jugular veins.

cardine (kar'-den). A fluid preparation of sheep-
hearts digested in glycerol and boric acid, used
subcutaneously as a heart-tonic and diuretic. Dose
50 min.-i^ dr. (3-5 Cc).

cardio- (kar-de-o-) [cardia]. A prefix meaning
relating to the cardia.

cardioaccelerator (kar-de-o-ak-seV -er-a-tor) . Hast-
ening the action of the heart, c. center. See center,
cardioaccelerator .

cardioaortic (kar-de-o-a-or'-tik). Relating to the
heart and the aorta, c. interval, the interval be-
tween the apex beat and the arterial pulse.

cardioarterial (kar-de-o-ar-te'-re-al) . Pertaining to
the heart and the arteries.

cardioaugmentor (kar-de-o-aug-men'-tor). Increas-
ing the vigor or force of the heart-beat.

cardiocele (kar'-de-o-sel) [cardio-; K17X77, hernia].
Hernia of the heart, c. abdominalis, hernial pro-
trusion of the heart into the abdomen.

CARDIOCENTESIS

192

CARDITIC

cardiocentesis (kar-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [cardio-; Kevrrj-
<m, puncture]. Puncture of one of the chambers of
the heart to relieve engorgement.

cardioclasia (kar-de-o-kla'-ze-ah) [cardio-; kX&o-is,
rupture]. Rupture of the heart.

cardiodemia (kar-de-o-de'-me-ah) [cardio-; Srjiios,
fat]. Fatty heart; fatty degeneration of the heart.

cardiodilator (kar-de-o-di-la'-tor). An instrument
for dilating the cardia.

cardiodynia (kar-de-o-din'-e-ah) [cardio-; ohvvr),
pain]. Pain in or about the heart.

cardiodysesthesia, (kar-de-o-dis-es-lhe'-ze-ah) [car-
dia; Sus, bad; atadtiats, perception]. Defective inner-
vation of the heart.

cardiodysneuria (Jzar-de-o-dis-nu'-re-ah). See cardi-
odysesthesia.

cardiogmus (kar-de-og'-mus) [cardio-; 6yp.os, a
furrow], i. Cardialgia. 2. Aneurysm of the heart.
3. Angina pectoris, c. strumosus, synonym of
exophthalmic goiter.

cardiogram (kar'-de-o-gram) [cardio-; ypap/ia, a
writing]. The tracing of the cardiac impulse made
by the cardiograph.

cardiograph (kar'-de-o-graf) [cardio-; ypafaiv, to
write]. An instrument for registering graphically
the modifications of the pulsations of the heart.

cardiographer {kar-de-og'-ra-fer) [see cardiograph].
An authority upon diseases of the heart.

cardiographic (kar-de-o-graf'-ik) [cardio-; ypa<f>eip,
to write]. Pertaining to or recorded by the cardio-
graph.

cardiography (kar-de-og'-ra-fe) [cardio-; ypa<f>eiv,
to write]. 1. The use of the cardiograph. 2. A
description of the anatomy of the heart.

cardioid (kar'-de-oid) [cardio-; eldos, likeness].
Like a heart.

cardioinhibitory (kar-de-o-in-hib'-it-o-re) [cardio-;
inhibere, to restrain]. Inhibiting or diminishing the
heart's action. The cardioinhibitory fibers pass to
the heart through the pneumogastric nerves.

cardiokinetic {kar-de-o-kin-et'-ik) [cardio-; Kivelv,
to move]. 1. Exciting the heart-action. 2. An
agent which excites the action of the heart.

cardiolith (kar'-de-o-lith) [cardio-; Xi0os, a stone].
A cardiac concretion.

cardiology (kar-de-ol'-o-je) [cardio-; \6yos, dis-
course]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology
of the heart.

cardiolysis (kar-de-ol'-is-is) [cardio-; Xwris, loosen-
ing]. Resection of the ribs and sternum over the
pericardium to free the latter from its adhesions to
the anterior chest-wall in adhesive mediastinoperi-
carditis.

cardiomalacia (kar-de-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [cardio-;
liaXada, softness]. Softening of the heart.

cardiomegalia (kar-de-o-meg-a'-le-ah) [cardio-;
M«7as, large]. Cardiac enlargement.

cardiomelanosis (kar-de-o-mel-an-o'-sis) [cardio-;
melanosis]. Melanosis of the heart.

cardiometer (kar-de-om'-et-er) [cardio-; n'erpov, a
measure]. An instrument for estimating the force
of the heart's action.

cardiometry {kar-de-om'-et-re) [cardio-; ukrpov, a
measure]. The estimation of the size and dimen-
tions of the heart (as by means of auscultation and
percussion).

cardiomyoliposis (kar-de-o-mi-o-lip-o'-sis) [cardio-;
(ifo, muscle; Xi7ros, fat]. Fatty degeneration of the
heart-muscle.

cardiomyomalacia (kar-de-o-mi-o-mal-a'-she-ah) .
See cardiomalacia.

cardioncus (kar-de-ong'-kus) [cardio-; 5yicos, a
tumor]. An aneurysm in the heart or one in the
aorta close to the heart.

cardionecrosis (kar-de-o-nek-ro'-sis) [cardio*-; vk-
/cpw<m, a killing]. Gangrene of the heart.

cardionosos, cardionosus (kar-de-on-o'-sos, -sus)
[cardio-; vbaos, disease]. Any pathological affection
of the heart.

cardiopalmus (kar-de-o-pal'-mus) [cardio-; ira\p.6s,
palpitation]. Palpitation of the heart.

cardioparaplasis, cardioparaplasmus (kar-de-o-par-
a-pla'-sis, -plaz'-mus) [cardio-; irapavX&^ei-v, to wander
from the right way]. Cardiac malformation.

cardiopath (kar-'de-o-path) [cardio-; iraBos, disease].
A sufferer from heart disease.

cardiopathy (kar-de-op'-a-the) [cardio-; v6&os,
diseasej. Any disease of the heart.

cardiopericarditis (Jzar-de-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis) [car-
dio-; pericardium; ins, inflammation]. Associated

carditis and pericarditis; inflammation of the heart
tissues and of the pericardium.

cardiophone (kar'-de-o-fon) [cardio-; <j>avii, voice].
An instrument used to aid in hearing the sounds of
the heart.

cardiophtharsis {kar-de-of-thar'-sis) [cardio-;
<j>delpe).v, to corrupt]. Any affection of the heart
causing destruction of its substance.

cardioplegia {kar-de-o-ple'-je-ah) [cardio-; ir\riyfi, a
stroke]. Paralysis of the heart.

cardiopneumatic {kar-de-o-nu-mat'-ik) ; [cardio-
irvevna, breath/]. Pertaining* to the heart and
respiration, c. movements, those movements of the
air in the lungs that are caused by the pulsations of
the heart and larger vessels.

cardiopneumograph (kar-de-o-nu'-mo-graf) [cardio-;
wvevfia, breath; ypa<peiv, to write]. An instrument
designed for graphically recording cardiopneumatic
movements. _

cardioptosis (kar-de-op-to'-sis) [cardio-; irTSxns,
falling]. Prolapse of the heart. Syn., Rummo's
disease.

cardiopulmonary (kar-de-o-pul'-mon-a-re). Relat-
ing to the heart and lungs; cardiopulmonic.

cardiopuncture (kar-de-o-punk'-chilr) cardio-; punc-
tura, a puncture]. 1. Cardiocentesis. 2. Any sur-
gical or vivisectional puncture of the heart.

cardiopyloric (kar-de-o-pi-lor'-ik) [cardio-; pyloric].
Referring to both the cardiac and pyloric portions of
the stomach.

cardiorenal {kar-de-o-re'-nal) [cardio-; ren, kidney].
Relating to the heart and the kidneys.

cardiorrhaphy (kar-de-or'-af-e). Suturing of the
heart.

cardiorrheuma {kar-de-or-u'-mah) [cardio-; rheuma-
tism]. # Rheumatism of the heart.

cardiorrhexis (kar-de-or-eks'-is) [cardio-; pi?£is, a
tearing]. Rupture of the heart.

cardioschesis (kar-de-os'-kis-is). [cardio-; oxlais,
a cleaving]. The tearing apart of adhesions which
exist between the heart and the chest-wall in adhesive
pericarditis.

cardiosclerosis {kar-de-o-skle-ro'-sis) [cardio-;
a-Kkripoeiv, to harden]. Induration of the tissues of
the heart. See fibroid heart.

cardioscope {kar'-de-o-skop) [cardio-; anoireiv, to
view]. An instrument for the observation of the
movements or of lesions of the heart.

cardiospasm (kar'-de-o-spasm) [cardio-; airaafios,
a drawing]. 1. A spasm of the heart. 2. Spasmodic
contraction of the esophageal opening of the stomach.

Cardiospermum {kar-de-o-sper' -mum) [cardio-;
ffwipfia, seed]. A genus of plants of the order
Sapindacece. C. halicacabum is a climbing tropical
annual; the leaves and mucilaginous root are diuretic
and diaphoretic.

cardiosphygmograph (kar-de-o-sfig'-mo-graf). An
instrument for the simultaneous recording of the
heart and pulse movements.

cardiostenosis (kar-de-o-ste-no'-sis) [cardio-; arkvu-
txis, narrowing]. Constriction of the heart, especi-
ally of the conus arteriosus; also the development of
such a constriction.

cardiotomy (kar-de-ot'-o-me) [cardio-; ropri, cut-
ting]. 1. The anatomy or dissection of the heart.
2. Incision of the heart. 3. Incision of the cardiac
end of the stomach.

cardiotopography (kar-de-o-to-pog'-ra-fe) [cardio-;
rdiros, place; yp&<peu>, t6 write]. The topography or
topographic anatomy of the heart and the cardiac area.

cardiotoxic (kar-de-o-toks'-ik) [cardio-; t6£lkov,
poison]. Having a poisonous effect upon or through
the heart.

cardiotrauma (kar-de-o-traw'-mah) [cardio-; rpavpa,
a wound]. Traumatism or wound of the heart.

cardiotromus (kar-de-ot'-ro-mus) [cardio-; tremere,
to tremble]. Fluttering of the heart.

cardiotrophe, cardiotrophia (kar-de-ot'-ro-fe, kar-
de-ot-ro'-fe-ah) [cardio*-; rpo4>i\, nourishment]. 1.
Heart-nutrition. 2. The volume of the heart.

cardiovascular (kar-de-o-vas'-ku-lar) [cardio-; vascu-
lum, a small vessel]. Pertaining to the heart and the
blood-vessels.

cardipaludism (kar-de-pal'-u-dizm) [icapSia, heart;
paludism]. Disturbance of the heart's action due
to malaria.

cardipericarditis (kar-de-per-e-kar-di'-tis) . See car-
diopericarditis.

carditic (kar-dit'-ik) [kclpSIcl, the heart; ins, in-
flammation]. Relating to or affected with carditis.

CARDITIS

193

CARNOSIN

carditis (kar-di'-tis) [cardia; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the heart, c, internal. Synonym
of endocarditis.

cardivalvulitis {kar-de-val-vu-li'-tis) . Endocarditis
confined to the valves.

cardol (Jzar'-dol). See anacardium.

Carduus (kar'-du-us) [L., "a thistle"]. The seeds
of C. marianus, St. Mary's-thistle, and C. benedictus,
blessed thistle. A decoction of the former, 2 oz.
to 1 pint, constitutes an old and popular remedy for
hemoptysis. The latter is also a popular cure-all,
used mainly as a tonic bitter. Dose of decoction
1 dr.-£ oz. (4-16 Cc.) ; of tincture 10-20 min. (0.6-
1.2 Cc).

cargentos (kar-jen-tos). Colloidal silver oxide
containing about 50 per cent, of silver, and used
similarly to silver nitrate.

Cargile membrane (kar'-gil) [Charles H. Cargile,
American surgeon, 1853- ]. An animal membrane
resembling gold-beaters' foil, made from the peri-
toneum of the ox and used in surgery for packing
and to prevent adhesions; when applied to the raw
surface of the bowel it adheres without supporting
stitches and forms an artificial peritoneum. Syn.,
animal velum.

cariated (ka'-re-a-ted). Carious.

caribi (kah-re'-be). Epidemic gangrenous proc-
titis.

carica (kar'-ik-ah) [carica, a dry fig, so called from
Caria in Asia Minor]. A genus of plants of the
order Papayacece. C. -papaya, the papaw-tree of
tropical America, contains in its leaves and fruit the
alkaloid carpaine, besides the ferment papain or
papayotin; the leaves also contain the glucoside
carposid. The milky juice and the seeds are anthel-
mintic, c.-cocoa, a preparation of cocoa containing
papaim

caricin (kar'-is-iri). See papain.

caricous (kar'-ik-us) [carica, a fig]. Fig-shaped,
as a caricous tumor.

caries (ka'-re-ez) [L., "rottenness"]. A molecular
death of bone or teeth, corresponding to ulceration
in the soft tissues. See Rust's sign. c. articulorum.
1. Caries of a joint. 2. See c. fungosa. c, atonic,
a form described by Billroth, attended with but little
swelling and a thin, fetid discharge, c. callosa,
syphilitic chancre, c. carnosa, fungous caries,
marked by large granulation-masses, c. centralis,
circumscribed chronic osteomyelitis, which, working
from within, causes disease of the cortical substances.
Syn., osteitis interna, c. dentis, c. dentium. See
c. of teeth, c. fungosa, tuberculosis of a bone with
attached sequestrum, the meshes of the latter being
filled with granulations growing into them from the
inner surface of the cavity, c. gallica, syphilitic
chancre, c. granulosa. See c. fungosa. c. interna.
See c. centralis, c, lacunar, a form in which the
undermined bone is full of lacunae, c. mollis. See
c. fungosa. c, necrotic, a form in which portions of
the bone lie in a suppurating cavity, c. nongallica,
simple chancre, c. profunda. See c. centralis.
c. sicca, a form of tuberculous caries characterized
by absence of suppuration, obliteration of the cavity
of the joint, and sclerosis and concentric atrophy of
the articular extremity of the bone. c. of spine,
tuberculous osteitis of the bodies of the vertebrae
and intervertebral fibrocartilage, producing curvature
of the spine. Syn., Pott's disease, c. strumosa,
tuberculous caries, c. of teeth, a chemical decom-
position of the earthy part or any portion of a tooth,
accompanied by partial or complete disorganization
of the animal framework of the affected part. Syn.,
odontonecrosis. c. tuberculosa, tuberculous caries.

cariesin (ka-ri-es'-in). A medical preparation of
carious bone.

carina (kar-i'-nah) [L., "the keel"]. 1. Any keel-
like structure. 2. A mesial ridge on the lower
surface of the fornix cerebri. 3. The spinal column.
c. aquaeductus Sylvii, the carinate inferior margin of
the Sylvian aqueduct, c. vaginae, the anterior
column of the vagina.

carinal (kar'-in-al). Carinate.

carinate (kar'-in-at) [carina]. Keeled.

cariosity (kar-e-os'-il-e). See caries.

carious (ka'-re-us) [caries]. 1. Pertaining to or
affected with caries. 2. Marked by irregular pits
or perforations so as to present the appearance of
carious bone.

Carissa (kar-is'-ah) [L.]. A genus of shrubs. See
ouabain.
8

carissin (kar-is'-in). According to Bancroft, a
glucoside from the bark of Carissa ovata, resembling
ouabain in action.

Carlsbad salt (kahrlz'-bahd). A salt supposed to
be prepared from Carlsbad water. C. water. A
famous mineral water used largely for chronic affec-
tions of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, gout, and
diabetes.

carmalum, Mayer's. A stain consisting of car-
minic acid, 1; alum, 10; water, 200 parts. It is
well adapted for sections cut on the freezing micro-
tome.

carmin (kar'-min), CnHisOio. A coloring-matter
extracted from cochineal.

carminant {kar'-min-ant) [carmen, a charm].

1. Carminative. 2. A carminative agent or medicine.
carminative (kar-min'-at-iv) [carminare, to card;

hence, to cleanse]. Having the power to cure
flatulence and colic. Carminatives are generally
aromatics.

carminophile (kar-min -o-fil) [carmin; <f>i\eii>, to
love]. Readily stainable with carmin.

carnal (kar'-nal) [carnalis, fleshly]. Pertaining to
flesh, c. knowledge, sexual intercourse.

carnallite (kar'-nal-it) [v. Carnall, Prussian miner-
alogist 1804-1874]. Potassium-magnesium chloride.

carnation {kar-na'-shun) [carnatio]. The natural
color of flesh.

carnauba (kar-na-oo'-bah) [Braz.]. 1. The root
of Coper nicia cerifera, a wax-producing palm-tree of
tropical America. It is used in Brazil as an alterative
and resembles sarsaparilla in its properties. Dose of
the fluidextract 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 2. See C.
wax. c. wax, the wax obtained from Copernicia
cerifera.

carneoaponeurotic (kar-ne-o-ap-on-u-rot'-ik). Fleshy
and pertaining to an aponeurosis.

carneopapillosus (kar-ne-o-pap-il-o'-sus) . Com-
posed of fleshy papillae, as the columns of the
vagina.

carneotendinous (kar-ne-o-ten'-din-us) . Both mus-
cular and tendinous.

carneous (kar'-ne-us) [carneus, of flesh]. Fleshy.
c. columns. See columnce carnece.

carniferrin (kar-ne-fer'-in). A tasteless meat
preparation containing phosphocarnic acid and 30 %
of iron. Dose for adults 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.). Syn.,
iron phospkosarcolactate.

carniferrol (kar-nif'-er-ol). A preparation of meat-
peptone with iron; it is used as a stimulant dietetic.
Syn., liquor carnis f err opeptonatus.

carnification (kar-nif-ik-a'-shun) [caro, carnis, flesh;
facer e, to make]. A term indicating the alteration of
tissue, especially the lung, to a dense, fleshy appear-
ance, c. of bone. See osteosarcosis. c. of the lung,
congestive, brown induration of the lung. c. of the
lungs, c, pulmonary. 1. The change of the paren-
chyma of the lungs into a red material resembling
muscle. 2. A consolidation of the lung from action
of inflammation.

carniformis (kar-ne-form'-is) [see carnification].
Having a flesh-like appearance, e. g., abscessus carni-
formis.

carnigen (kar'-ne-jen). A dietetic albumose.

carnine (kar'-nen) [caro, carnis, flesh], C7H8N4O3. A
leukomaine isolated from American meat-extract, but
not from muscle tissue itself; also obtained from yeast
and wine.

carnivorous (kar-niv'-o-rus) [caro, carnis, flesh;
vorare, to devour]. Flesh-eating.

Carnochan's operation (kar'-no-kan) [John Murray
Carnochan, American surgeon, 1817-1887]. 1. For
elephantiasis: ligation of the main artery of the limb.

2. For neuralgia: removal of the second division of
the fifth nerve, together with the sphenopalatine
ganglion as far back as the foramen rotundum.

carnogen (kar'-no-jen) [caro, carnis, flesh; generare,
to produce]. Glycerite of bone-marrow, containing
60 % of red marrow and 25 % of unaltered fibrin of
ox-blood, with albumin, susepnded in glycerol. It is
a hematinic and used chiefly in pernicious anemia.
Dose 1-2 tablespoonfuls 3 times daily.

carnolin {kar'-nol-in). A solution of 1.5 % of
formaldehyde; it is a food-preservative and disin-
fectant.

carnose {kar'-nos) [carnosus, fleshy]. Resembling
or having the consistence of flesh.

carnosin (kar' -no-sin), C9H14N4O3. A base, soluble
in water, isolated from Liebig's meat-extract; it
melts with decomposition at 239° C.

CARNOSITY

194

CARTHAMUS

carnosity (kar-nos'-it-e) [carnosus, fleshy]. A fleshy
growth or excrescence.

Carnot's solution (kar'-no). A solution of gelatin,
5 to 10 per cent., in normal saline. It is used as a
local hemostatic.

caro (ka'-ro) [L. gen., carnis]. Flesh, c. luxur-
ians, exuberant granulation.

Caroba (kar-o'-bah) [L.]. The leaflets of Jacaranda
procera and of Cybistax antisyphilitica. It is a popu-
lar Brazilian remedy as an emetocathartic, alterative,
and tonic in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the
jluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc).

carobin (kar'-o-bin). A crystalline body obtained
from Jacaranda procera.

caroid (kar'-oid). A digestive ferment obtained
from Carica papaya; a pale-yellow powder. Dose
i-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.).

carolinium (kar-o-lin'-e-um). The provisional
name given by Baskerville to a supposed new element
obtained from thorium oxide.

carone (kar'-on). A substance obtained from
dihydrocarvone by action of hydrobromic acid.

Carony bark (kar-o'-ne) [Caroni, a river in Vene-
zuela]. Angustura bark.

carotic (kar-ot'-ik) [/capos, stupor]. 1. Carotid.
2. Stupefying; or of the nature of stupor. 3. A
drug to produce sleep.

caroticoclinoid (kar-ot-ik-o-kli'-noid). Relating to
a carotid artery and a clinoid process of the sphenoid
bone.

caroticotympanic (kar-ot-ik-o-tim-pan'-ik) . Relat-
ing to the carotid canal and the tympanum.

carotid (kar-ot'-id) [icapbeiv, to produce sleep].
1. The carotid artery, the principal large artery on
each side of the neck. See under artery. 2. Of or
relating to the carotid artery, c. gland. See under
gland, c. plexus, the nerve-plexus around the car-
otid artery, c. tubercle, the anterior tubercle of the
transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra.

carotidaneurysma (kar-o-tid-an-u-riz'-mah) . Aneu-
rysm of the carotid artery.

carotis (kar-ot'-is) [L.]. The carotid artery.
c. cephalica, c. cerebralis, the internal carotid
artery, c. communis, the common carotid artery.
c. externa, c. facialis, the external carotid artery.
c. interna, the internal carotid artery, c. primitiva,
the common carotid artery.

carpagra (kar-pag'-rah) [carpus; aypa, a seizure].
A sudden attack of pain at the wrist.

carpaine (kar-pa'-en), C14H25NO2. A nalkaloid
, extracted from the leaves of Carica papaya. It is
recommended for the subcutaneous treatment of
heart disease. Dose i\r-| gr. (0.006-0.01 Gm.)
subcutaneously, every day or every second day.
c. hydrochloride, C14H25NO2HCI, bitter white crystals,
soluble in water. It is used in mitral insufficiency
and aortic stenosis. Dose £-§ gr. (0.013-0.022 Gm.)
daily. Injection, Ty-§ gr. (0.0065-0.01 1 Gm.)
daily.

carpal (kar'-pal) [icap-irSs, the wrist]. Pertaining
to the carpus or wrist.

carpale (kar-pa'-le) [carpus]. Any one of the
wrist-bones.

carpectomy (kar-pek'-to-me) [carpus; Iktouti, exci-
sion]. Excision of one or more of the carpal bones.

carpen (karp'-en) [carpus]. Belonging to the
carpus in itself.

carphologia (kar-fol-o'-je-ah) . See carphology.

carphology (kar-fol'-o-je) [icap<pos, chaff; \kyeiv, to
collect]. The aimless picking at the bedclothes, seen
in grave fevers, particularly in the socalled typhoid
state.

carpitis (kar-pi'-tis) ^carpus; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of one or more of the carpal joints.

carpo- (kar-po-) [carpus]. A prefix meaning relat-
ing to the carpus.

carpocace (kar-pok'-as-e) [carpus; kcucos, bad].
A diseased condition of the wrist.

carpocarpal (kar-po-kar'-pal). Applied to the
articulation between the two rows of carpal bones;
also to different parts of the carpus in relation to each
other.

carpocervical (kar-po-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the
wrist and the neck.

carpogenic (kar-po-jen'-ik) [icapiros, fruit; ykv-qs,
producing]. Applied to the fruit-producing cell or
system of cells in certain alga?.

carpogenous (kar-poj'-en-us) [icapiros, a fruit;
yewav, to produce]. Fertile; fruit-producing.

carpogonium (kar-po-go' -ne-um) [aapTos, fruit;

ybvos, producing]. In biology, the unfertilized
female reproductive organ of certain thallophytes.

carpolith (kar'-po-lilh) [icapiros, fruit; Xiflos, a
stone]. 1. A hard concretion formed in a fruit.
2. A petrified fruit.

carpometacarpal (kar-po-met-a-kar'-pal) [carpo-;
metacarpus]. Relating to the carpus and to the
metacarpus.

carpo-olecranal (kar-po-o-le-kra'-nal) [carpo-; ole-
cranon]. Relating to the wrist and the lower portion
of the upper arm.

carpopedal (kar-po-pe'-dal) [carpo-; pes, pedis, a
foot]. Affecting the wrists and feet, or the fingers
and toes. c. contraction. See contraction, carpo-
pedal. c. spasm, a spasm of the hands and feet, or
of the thumbs and great toes, associated with laryn-
gismus stridulus of children.

carpophalangeal (kar-po-fa-lan'-je-al). Pertaining
to the wrist and the phalanges.

carpophalangeus, carpophalanginus (kar-po-fal-
an'-je-us, kar-po-fal-an-ji'-nus). 1. Relating to the
wrist and to a phalanx. 2. See under muscle.

carpophilous (kar-pof'-il-us) [icapiros, fruit; <pi\elv,
to love]. Parasitic upon fruit.

carpoptosis (kar-pop-to'-sis) [carpus; 7nwis, a
fall]. Wrist-drop.

carposid (kar'-po-sid). A crystalline glucoside
from Carica papaya.

carpozyma (kar-po-zi'-mah) [icapiros, fruit; £vp.r],
ferment]. A genus of microorganisms producing
fermentation.

carp's-tongue (karps'-tung). An elevator used in
the extraction of roots of teeth.

Carpue's method of rhinoplasty (kar'-poo) [Joseph
Constantine Carpue, English surgeon, 1764-1846].
A repair of the nose by taking a heart-shaped flap
from the forehead.

carpus (kar'-pus) [L.]. The eight bones collec-
tively forming the wrist.

carrageen, carragheen (kar'-ag-en) [Carragheen in
Ireland]. Irish moss. See chondrus.

carreau (kar'-o). Scrofulosis and tuberculosis of
the digestive organs.

carrefour sensitif (kar-foor' son-set-eef) [Fr., sen-
sory crossway]. The posterior part of the posterior
limb of the internal capsule of the cerebrum.

Carrick bend (kar'-ik bend). A form of knot for
fastening together two ligatures. The merit of the
knot consists in the free end being held firmly between
the two long portions.

carriers (kar'-e-ers). Individuals who are con-
valescent from an infectious disease but, while show-
ing no signs or symptoms of the disease, harbor and
eliminate the microorganism, and so spread the
disease, c, chronic, carriers who eliminate the
microorganisms for an indefinite period, c, tem-
porary or transitory, convalescents who eliminate
the microorganisms only for a short time after
recovery.

Carrion's disease [Daniel E. Carrion, Peruvian
student, 19th century]. Verruga peruviana; Peru-
vian wart.

Carron oil {kar'-on). An oil consisting of equal or
nearly equal parts of linseed-oil and lime-water.
It is used as an application to burns, and is named
after the Carron iron-works in Scotland, where it
was first employed.

carrotin (kar'-o-tin) [carota, carrot]. C18H24O. A
lipochrome, the coloring-matter of carrots and
tomatoes.

car-sickness. The symptoms similar to those of
sea-sickness produced by journeying in railway
cars.

Carswell's grapes [Sir Robert Cars-well, English
physician, 1793-1857]- Pulmonary tubercles when
they occur in a racemose distribution at the ex-
tremities of several adjacent bronchioles.

Carter's operation (kar'-ter) [William Wesley
Carter, American laryngologist, i860- ]. Trans-
planting a piece of bone from a rib in order to make
a new bridge for the nose.

Carthagena bark. Cinchona from Carthagena.

carthamin (karth'-am-in) [Ar., qartama, paint],
C14H16O7. The coloring-matter in safflower, the
blossoms of Carthamus tinctorius.

carthamus (karth'-am-us) [Ar., qartama, paint].
American or bastard saffron or safflower. The
flowers of C. tinctorius. An infusion, "Saffron tea,"
is a popular domestic remedy as a diuretic in measles
and other exanthematous affections.

CARTILAGE

195

CARVOL

cartilage (kar'-til-aj) [cartilago, gristle]. Gristle;
a white, semiopaque, nonvascular connective tissue
composed of a matrix containing nucleated cells
which lie in cavities or lacunas of the matrix. When
boiled, cartilage yields a substance called chondrin.
c, annular, i. Any ring-shaped cartilage. 2. The
cricoid cartilage, c, anonymous, the cricoid carti-
lage, c, aortic, the second costal cartilage on the
right side, c, arthrodic, c, arthrodial. See c,
articular, c, articular, that lining the articular
surfaces of bones, c, arytenoid. See arytenoid
cartilage. ■ c, asternal, the costal cartilages which are
detached from the sternum, c.-bone. 1. See ossein.
2. See c, calcified, c.s, Brecht's. See Brecht's
cartilage, c, bronchial, plates of cartilage, in some
instances very minute, found in the bronchial tubes.
c, calcified, that in which a calcareous deposit is
contained in the matrix. Syn., cartilage-bone;
crusted cartilage; primary bone. c. cells or cor-
puscles, connective-tissue cells in matrix or cartilage.
c, cellular. See c, parenchymatous, c, ciliary.
See c, palpebral, c, corniculate. See Santorini's
cartilage, c, costal, that occupying the interval
between the true ribs and the sternum or adjacent
cartilages, c, cricoid. See cricoid cartilage, c.s,
cuneiform. See Wrisberg's cartilages, c, dentinal.
See ossein, c, diarthrodial. See c, articular, c,
embryonal. See c, parenchymatous, c, ensiform,
the third piece of the sternum. Syn., xiphoid
appendix; xiphoid cartilage, c.s, epactal, small
cartilaginous nodules on the upper edge of the alar
cartilages of the nose, c, epiphyseal. See c,
intermediary (2). c, fetal. See c, temporary, c,
fibro-. See fibrocartilage. c, floating. See arthro-
lith. c, Huschke's. See Jacobson's cartilage, c,
hyaline, is distinguished by a finely granular or homo-
geneous matrix, c, innominate, the cricoid carti-
lage, c.s, interarticular, flat fibrocartilages situated
between the articulating surfaces of some of the
joints. Syn., interarticular fibrocartilages. c, inter-
arytenoid, an inconstant cartilage found between the
arytenoid cartilages, c.s, interhemal, nodules of
cartilage which aid in the formation of the hemal
arch of a vertebra, c, intermediary. 1. Cartilage-
bone in process of transformation into true bone.
2. That interposed between the epiphysis and
diaphysis of a bone, c.s, interneural, nodules of
cartilage which aid in the formation of the neural
arch of a vertebra, c.s, intervertebral. See inter-
vertebral discs, c, investing. See c, articular, c,
Jacobson's. See Jacobson's cartilage, c, Luschka's.
See Luschka's cartilage, c, Luschka's subpharyn-
geal. See under Luschka. c, Meckel's. See
Meckel's cartilage, c.s, Morgagni's. See Wrisberg's
cartilages, c, palpebral, the connective tissue form-
ing the framework of the eyelids, c, parachordal.
See parachordal cartilage, c, parenchymatous, that
in which cells form the main part of the tissue.
c.s, pyramidal, the arytenoid cartilages, c.s,
quadrate, several small cartilages passing out from
the alar cartilages in the external part of the nostril.
c, reticular, a peculiar cartilage found in the auricle
of the ear, the epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes. Its
peculiarity consists in a network of yellow elastic
fibers pervading the matrix in all directions, c,
retiform. See c, reticular, c. of Santorini. See
Santorini's cartilage, c, Seller's. See Seiler's
cartilage, c.s, semilunar, two interarticulating
cartilages of the knee, c, sesamoid. See sesamoid
bone, c, sesamoid (of the larynx), Luschka's carti-
lage, c.s, sesamoid (of the nose). See c.s, epactal.
c.s, sigmoid. See c.s, semilunar, c, synarthrodial,
that of any fixed or slightly movable articulation.
c, tarsal. See c, palpebral, c, temporary, that
which is ultimately replaced by bone, c, tubal, a
rolled triangular cartilage running from the osseous
part of the Eustachian tube to the pharynx, c. of
Weitbrecht. See Weilbrecht's cartilage, c.s of Wris-
berg. See Wrisberg's cartilage, c, xiphoid. See c,
ensiform. c, yellow. See c, reticular.

cartilagin (kar-tiV -aj-in) [cartilago, cartilage]. A
characteristic principle of hyaline cartilage. Boiling
changes it into chondrin.

cartilagines (kar-til-aj'-in-ez) [plural of cartilago].
Cartilages, c. alares minores, lesser alar cartilages,
sesamoid cartilages, c. corniculatae, corniculate
cartilages, cartilages of Santorini. c. cuneiformes,
cuneiform cartilages, cartilages of Wrisberg.

cartilaginification (kar-til-aj-in-if-ik-a'-shun) [cartila-
go, cartilage:facere, to make]. A change into cartilage.

cartilaginifbrm (kar-til-aj-in'-if-orm) [cartilago, car-
tilage; forma, forml. Resembling cartilage.

cartilaginoid (kar-til-aj'-in-oid) [cartilago, cartilage;
elSos, form]. Resembling cartilage.

cartilaginous (kar-til-aj'-in-us) [cartilage]. ' Made
up of or resembling cartilage.

cartilago (kar-til-a'-go) [L.]. See cartilage, c.
alaris major, the lower lateral cartilage of the nose.
c. alaris minor, one of the lesser alar cartilages of
the nose. c. auriculae or auris, the cartilage of the
pinna of the ear. c. basilaris, the cricoid cartilage;
the fibrocartilage in the foramen lacerum medium.
c. corniculata, the corniculum laryngis. c. cricoidea,
the cricoid cartilage, c. cuneiformis, the cuneiform
cartilage of the larynx, c. ensiformis, the xiphoid
cartilage, c. epiglottica, the cartilage of the epi-
glottis, c. nasi lateralis, the upper lateral cartilage
of the nose. c. ossescens, cartilage destined to
become bone. c. septi nasi, cartilage of the nasal
septum, c. thyreoidea, the thyroid cartilage, c.
triticea, a small oblong cartilaginous nodule often
found in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament, c. tubas
auditivae, the cartilage forming part of the Eustachian
tube. c. vomeronasalis, the vomerine cartilage or
cartilage of Jacobson. c. Wrisbergii. Same as
c. cuneiformis. c. xiphoidea, the xiphoid or ensiform
process.

carum (ka'-rum) [k6.pop, caraway]. Caraway.
It is official in the U. S. P. in the form of the dried
fruit of C. carvi, indigenous to Europe, and an allied
species native to the Pacific coast of America. Its
odor and taste are due to a volatile oil. It is used
chiefly as a flavor. C. petroselinum, parsley, is
diuretic and sedative, carui, aqua (B. P.), caraway
water. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). carui, infusum,
2 dr. to 1 pint. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). carui,
oleum (U. S. P.), oil of caraway. Dose 1-5 min.
(0.06-0.3 Cc). N

caruncle (kar'-ung-kl) [caruncula]. A small, fleshy
growth, c, lacrimal, one upon the conjunctiva near
the inner canthus. c, urethral, a small, bright-red
growth situated on the posterior lip of the meatus
urinarius: a frequent condition in women. The
caruncle varies in size from a hempseed to a filbert;
it is very painful, especially during micturition and
coitus, and bleeds readily.

caruncula (kar-ung'-ku-lah) [dim. of caro, flesh;
pi., carunculcz]. A caruncle, carunculas cuticulares,
the nymphse. c. innominata, the lacrimal gland, c.
major, a caruncle marking the common orifice of the
common bile-duct and the pancreatic duct. c.
mammillaris. 1. The olfactory tubercle, between
the roots of the olfactory nerves. 2. The enlarged
ends of the galactophorous ducts in the nipple.
c. minor, one in the duodenum in the center of which
a supplementary pancreatic duct occasionally opens.
c. Morgagnii, the middle lobe of the prostate, carun-
culae myrtiformes, the projections of membrane near
the orifice of the vagina, thought to be the remains of
the hymen after its rupture, carunculae papUlares.
See papilla, renal, c. salivalis. See c. sublingualis.
c. sublingualis, one marking the orifice of Wharton's
duct. Syn., papilla salivalis inferior, c. urethrae.
See caruncle, urethral.

caruncular (kar-ung'-ku-lar) [caruncula, a caruncle].
Like or pertaining to a caruncle.

carunculate, carunculated (kar-ung'-ku-ldt, -ed].
Furnished with a caruncle.

cams (ka'-rus) [*dpos, stupor]. Deep, lethargic
sleep, c. cataleptica, catalepsy, c. ecstasis, trance,
or catalepsy, c. lethargus, lethargy.

Cams' curve (ka'-rus) [Karl Gustav Carus,
German obstetrician, 1789-1869]. The longitudinal
axis of the pelvic canal, which forms a curved line,
having the symphysis pubis as its center.

carvacrol (karv'-ak-rol) [Ital., carvi, caraway; aicpos,
sharp], C10H13 . OH. A liquid body occurring in
the oil of certain varieties of satureja. Syn., cymic
phenol; cymophenol; metaisocymophenol; oxycymol.
c. iodide, O0H13OI, a brown powder, slightly soluble
in alcohol, readily soluble in olive-oil, ether, and
chloroform, melting at 900 C. ; it is used as a substitute
for iodoform. Syn., iodocrol.

carvene (karv'-en) [It., carvi, caraway], C10H16.
A hydrocarbon contained in caraway. It is a light
terpene. See also citrene.

carvol (karv'-ol) [It., carvi, caraway; oleum, oil],
CioHuO. An aromatic alcohol isomeric with carva-
crol, and obtained from oil of cumin. It is an oil
with a pleasant odor, boiling at 2250 C.

CARVONE

196

CASSAREEP

carvone (kar'-von). Same as carvol.

Carya (kar'-e-ah) [/capita, the walnut-tree]. Hick-
ory; a genus of trees of the order Juglandacece,
indigenous to North America. C. tomentosa yields
a crystalline principle, caryin, believed to be identical
with quercitrin. The leaves of most of the species
are aromatic and astringent and the bark bitter
and astringent. The inner bark is used in dyspepsia
and intermittent fever.

caryenchyma (kar-e-en'-ki-mah) [k&pvov, nut (nu-
cleus); iv, in; xwos, juice]. The more fluid part of
the protoplasm of a nucleus.

caryin (kar'-e-in). See under Carya.

caryinum (kar-e-in'-um). Nut-oil.

caryoblast (kar'-e-o-blast) [xapvov, nucleus; /SAcwros,
a germ]. Any nucleated plastidule.

caryochrome (kar'-e-o-krom). See karyochrome.

caryocinesis (kar-e-o-sin-e'-sis). See karyokinesis.

caryocinetic (kar-e-o-sin-et'-ik) . i. See karyokinetic.
2. Ameboid.

caryolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is). See karyolysis.

caryomitosis (kar-e-o-mi-to'-sis) . See karyomitosis.

caryophyllin (kar-e-o-fil'-in) [caryophyllus], C10H16O
or C20H32O2. The neutral crystalline principle of
cloves.

caryophyllus (kar-e-o-fil'-us) [napvov, a nut; <pvX\ov,
a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia
aromatica, distinguished by their pungent, spicy
taste. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, which
is antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also con-
tains a crystalline body, eugenin, C10H12O2, and a
camphor, caryophyllin, CioHwO. It is useful as a
stomachic and to prevent "griping" when combined
with purgatives, caryophylli, infusum (B. P.), a
strength of 1 to 40 is recommended. Dose 1-2 oz.
{30-60 Cc). caryophylli, oleum (U. S. P.), oil of
cloves, contains an acid and a phenol compound.
Dose 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 Cc). It is used also by
microscopists to clarify preparations and tissues for
mounting.

caryoplasm (kar'-e-o-plazm). See karyoplasm.

caryorrhexis. See karyorrhexis.

casanthrol (kas-an'-throl). A mixture of casein
ointment with a coal-tar product; it is used as a
varnish in skin diseases.

casca-bark (kas'-kah). Sassy-bark; ordeal-bark.
The bark of Erythrophlceum guineense, a tree native to
Africa. Its properties are due to an alkaloid. It
is valuable in intermittent fevers and as a heart-
tonic; in over-doses it produces nausea and vomiting.
Erythrophleine, the active alkaloid, is a local anesthetic.
Dose of the aqueous extract 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) ; of the
fluidextract 5-15 min. (0.3-0.9 Cc); of the tincture
(25 % strength) 10 min. (0.6 Cc).

cascador (kas'-ka-dor) [casca, bark]. A gatherer
of cinchona bark.

cascanata (kas-kan-at'-ah). A proprietary laxative
and alterative said to consist of the active principles
of cascara sagrada, gentian, rhubarb, and other
jherbs, holding in solution phosphate of sodium and
magnesium.

cascara {kas'-kar-ah). Spanish for "bark." c.
;amarga, Honduras bark. The bark of a tree native
an Mexico, much used as an alterative tonic in
syphilis and skin affections, c. cordial, a trade
preparation. Dose 15 min.-2 dr. (1-8 Cc). c.
sagrada {rhamnus purshiana, U. S. P.), the bark of
Rhamnus purshiana, or California buckthorn. Its
properties are due to a volatile oil. It is useful in
chronic constipation. Syn., chittem bark; sacred bark.
c. sagrada, extract of (extractum rhantni purshiana,
U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). c. sagrada,
fluidextract of {fluidextr actum rhamni purshiana,
U. S. P.). Dose is min. (1 Cc). c. sagrada,
fluidextract of, aromatic {fluidextr actum rhamni
purshiana aromaticum, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min.
(1 Cc).

cascarilla (kas-kar-il'-ah) [Sp., dim. of casca, bark].
The bark of Croton eluteria, native to the Bahama
Islands, an aromatic bitter, increasing the_ natural
secretions of the digestive organs, cascarillae, in-
fusum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). cascar-
illae, tinctura (B. P.). Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

cascarillin (kas-kar-il'-in) [cascarilla], C6H9O2.
The active principle of cascarilla; a white, crystalline,
bitter substance, scarcely soluble in water.

cascarin (kas'-kar-in), C24H10O10. A substance
isolated by Leprince from the bark of Rhamnus
purshiana (cascara sagrada), and believed by him
to contain the active tonic and laxative principles

of that bark; it occurs in granular masses or prisms.
Dose ii-3 gr. (0.099-0.198 Gm.). According to
Phipson, this is identical with rhamnotoxin.

case (kds) [cadere, to happen]. 1. A single instance
or example of a disease. 2. A covering, or box-like
structure, c, brain-, the calvaria. c, muscle-,
see muscle, c.-taking, the collection of memoranda
and notes of an individual case for service in diagnosis
or prognosis, or for use in a medico-legal inquiry.
c, trial-, in ophthalmology, a case containing various
lenses for refracting the eye, etc.

Casearia {kas-e-a'-re-ah) [J. Casearius, Dutch
botanist]. A genus of tropical trees of the order
Samydacece. C. esculenta is a native of the Asiatic
tropics and Australia; its bitter roots are said to be a
valuable remedy in hepatic torpor. C. ovata, the
anavingah of the Malays, is a large tree, bitter in all
its parts. The fruit is diuretic. C. tomentosa
is a tree of India; the bitter leaves are used by the
natives in medicated baths and the fruit is diuretic

casease (ka'-se-as). An enzyme which digests
casein, found by Duclaux and produced by bacteria,
notably Tyrothrix tenuis.

caseate (ka'-ze-dt). 1. A lactate. 2. To undergo
cheesy degeneration.

caseation (ka-ze-a'-shun) [casein]. The precipi-
tation of casein during the coagulation of milk.
Also a form of degeneration in which the structure
is converted into a soft, cheese-like substance.

caseiform (ka'-ze-if-orm). Resembling cheese or
casein.

casein (Jza'-se-in) [caseus, cheese]. A derived
albumin, the chief proteid of milk, precipitated by
acids and by rennet. It is closely allied to alkali-
albumin, but contains more nitrogen and a large
amount of phosphorus. It constitutes most of the
curd of milk. Syn., caseum; lacterin. c. dyspepton,
an insoluble, semigelatinous substance, separated in
the first stages of gastric digestion, c, gluten. See
c, vegetable, c.-mercury, a compound of casein and
mercury bichloride, soluble in water with a trace of
ammonia added; it is antiseptic, c. ointment, an
ointment-base consisting of casein, 14 parts; potas-
sium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, each, 0.43
part; glycerol, 7 parts; vaselin, 21 parts; borax, 1
part; water, 56 or 57 parts. ' c.-peptone, a light-
brown, soluble powder used as a nutrient, c. sac-
charide, a compound of dry casein, 1 part; cane-sugar,
9 parts, and sodium bicarbonate enough to render it
slightly alkaline. It is useful in preparing emulsions
of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or gum-resins.
c. of the saliva, ptyalin. c.-sodium, a compound
of casein and sodium hydroxide, used as a nutrient.
c, vegetable, a nitrogenous substance resembling the
casein of milk; two varieties have been described —
legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and conglutin, in hops
and almonds.

caseinogen (ka-se-in'-o-jen) [caseum, cheese; yewav,
to produce]. A peculiar substance occurring in
milk, neither an alkali-albumin nor a globulin, but
occupying a distinct position among proteids. When
acted upon by a digestive ferment it produces casein,
or the curd of milk. Caseinogen is a proteid ana-
logous to fibrinogen, myosinogen, etc

caseoiodine (ka-se-o-i'-o-din). A compound of
casein and iodine (8 or 9 %) forming a white powder,
soluble in dilute hot alcohol and in hot alkalies. It
is used in myxedema. '

caseose (ka'-se-os) [caseum, cheese] A product of
the gastric digestion of casein.

caseous (ka'-se-us) [caseus, cheese]. Having the
nature or consistence of cheese.

cashew (kash-oo'). The cashew-nut, the product
of Anacardium occidentale. See Anacardium.

Casimiroa (kas-im-ir-o'-ah) [after Casimiro Gomez].
A genus of plants belonging to the order Rutacea.
C. edulis is the zapote bianco of Mexico; the edible
fruit is anthelmintic; the bitter bark with the leaves
and seeds are incinerated and used medicinally.

casogen (ka'-so-jen). Trade name of a milk food
said to contain 95 per cent, of milk protein, 4 per
cent, glycerophosphates, and 1 per cent, ovolecithin;
used in neurasthenia, anaemia and dyspepsia.

cassareep, cassaripe (kas'-a-rep) [South American
name]. The concentrated juice of the cassava, the
root of Jatropha manihot, made innocuous by boiling;
it is a condiment, and as an ointment (10 %) is
recommended in the treatment of purulent conjunc-
tivitis, corneal ulcers, and other diseases of the
eye.

CASSAVA

197

CATAGMA

cassava (kas-ah'-vah) [Sp., casabe]. i. The manioc
plant (Jatropha manihot and other species of Jatro-
pha). 2. Tapioca.

Casselberry position (kas'-el-ber-re) [William

Evans Casselberry, American laryngologist, 1858-

]. The patient after an intubation lies with his

face downward while drinking so that the fluid may

not enter the tube.

Casser's (Casserius') fontanel [Giulio Casserio,
Italian anatomist, 1545-1616]. The fontanel formed
by the temporal, occipital, and parietal bones.
C.'s ganglion, the Gasserian ganglion. C.'s muscle.
1. Ligamentous fibers attached to the malleus and
formerly described as the laxator tympani minor
muscle. 2. The coracobrachialis. C.'s perforating
nerve, the external cutaneous nerve of the arm.

Casserian (kas-e'-re-an). See Gasserian.

Cassia (cash'-e-ah) [nao-La, a perfume]. 1. A genus
of leguminous plants, several species of which afford
senna. 2. An old name, still used commercially, for
the coarser varieties of cinnamon. See Cinnamon.
C. alata, the ringworm-shrub, is a widely diffused
tropical shrub. The juice of the leaves mixed with
lime-juice is used in the treatment of ringworm,
and the wood and bark are alterant. C. beareana
is a species of East Africa. A decoction of the root
is highly recommended in black-water fever, and the
powdered bark is applied as a dressing to ulcers.
C. marilandica, of North America, produces the
leaves called American senna, which are less active
as a cathartic than the true senna. C.-bark, cas-
sia-lignea. See cinnamon. C.-buds, the immature
fruit of Chinese cinnamon; used chiefly as a spice.
C, oil of, a variety of oil of cinnamon, used in phar-
macy and in perfumery. C, purging {cassia fistula,
U. S. P.), the dried fruit of a tree growing in tropical
regions. The pulp (cassice pulpa, B. P.) is a mild
laxative. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.).

cast (kast) [ME., casten, to throw]. 1. A mass of
fibrous or plastic material that has taken the form of
some cavity in which it has been molded. From
their source, casts may be classified as bronchial,
intestinal, nasal, esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral,
vaginal, etc. Of these, the renal casts, by reason of
their significance in diseases of the kidney, are the
most important. Classed according to their con-
stitution, casts are epithelial, fatty, fibrinous,
granular, hyaline, mucous, sanguineous, waxy, etc.
See tube-casts. 2. Strabismus, c.s, Kuelz's. See,
Kuelz's casts, c.s, tubular exudation (of the intestine)
a pathognomonic symptom of mucous colitis.

castanea (kas-ta'-ne-ah) [L.]. Chestnut. The
leaves of C. vesca. They contain tannic and gallic
acids and other principles the value of which is not
known. They are used in infusion or decoction as a
remedy for whooping-cough. Dose of the fluid-
extract 5-60 min. (0.3-3.8 Cc).

Castellani's test (kas-tel-ah' -ne) [Aldo Castellani,
Italian physician]. If an immune serum is mixed
with its corresponding bacteria, the agglutinins for
these bacteria are absorbed, as are also the partial
agglutinins for the heterologous bacteria.

Castellino's sign. See Oliver's symptom.

castor (kas'-tor). See castoreum. c.-bean, c.-oil.
See under ricinus. c.-xylene, a mixture composed
of castor-oil, 1 part, and xylene, 3 parts, used for
clearing or clarifying the collodion or celloidin of
objects embedded in collodion.

castoreum (kas-to'-re-um) [ko.<ttwp, the beaver].
The dried preputial follicles and their secretion,
obtained from the beaver, Castor fiber. It is a red-
dish-brown substance with a strong odor. It is
antispasmodic and stimulant, its action resembling
that of musk. Dose of the tincture |-i dr. (2-4 Cc).

castoria (kas-to'-re-ah) [koxtto>p, the beaver]. A
proprietary medicine recommended as a substitute
for castor oil.

castorin (kas'-to-rin). A neutral principle ob-
tainable from castoreum.

castration (kas-tra'-shun) [caslrare, to cut]. Orchi-
dectomy; the excision of one or both testicles, c,
female, removal of the ovaries; oophorectomy;
spaying.

castrensis (kas-tren'-sis) [castra, a camp]. 1. Re-
lating to camps. 2. Camp-fever or dysentery due
to unsanitary living in camps.

casual (kaz'-u-al) [casus, chance]. 1. Fitted or set
apart for the treatment of accidental injuries, as a
casual ward in a hospital. 2. An occupant of a
casual ward in a hospital.

casualty (kaz'-u-al-te) [casus, chance]. An acci-
dental injury; a wound, or loss of life, accidentally
incurred; an injury in a battle.

Casuarina (kas-u-ar-e'-nah) [casuarius, the casso-
wary, from the resemblance of the stems to the heavy
feathers of this bird]. A genus of plants of the
order Casuarinacece. The tonic and styptic bark of
C. equisetifolia, of Malaya, is used in the treatment
of beriberi. C. montana is a native of Malaya; the
bark is used in beriberi; the leaves in colic; the
seeds in a salve in the treatment of headache.

casuistics (kaz-u-is' -tiks) [casus, a case]. The
study of individual pathologic cases as a means of
arriving at the general history of a disease.

casumen (kas'-u-men). A proprietary dietetic
said to contain 93 % of proteid.

cata-. A prefix denoting downward, or according
to, or against.

catabasial (kat-ah-ba'-se-al) [Kara, down; basion].
Applied to skulls having the basion lower than the
opisthion.

catabasis (kat-ab'-as-is) [Karafiao-is, a descent].
The decline of a disease.

catabatic (kat-ah-bat'-ik). Pertaining to catabasis.

catabiotic (kat-ah-bi-ot'-ik) [Kara, intensive; /3i6s,
life]. Applied to the power of growing structures
which causes the development of approximate cells
to be harmonious with the primary structure.

catabolergy (kat-ab-ol'-er-je) [/card, down; (la\\eivr
to throw; ipyov, work]. Energy expended in cata-
bolic .processes.

catabolic (kat-ab-ol'-ik) [Kara, down; /3dXXetv, to
throw]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, cata-
bolism.

catabolin, catabolite (kat-ab'-o-lin, -lite) [kclto.,
down; /3dXX€«/, to throw]. Any product of cata-
bolism.

catabolism (kat-ab'-ol-izm) [/card, down; PaKkeiv, to
throw]. Destructive metamorphosis; disassimila-
tion; physiological disintegration; movement toward
a cata-state.

catabolite (kat-ab'-o-lit). Same as catabolin.

catabythismomania (kat-ab-ith-iz-mo-ma'-ne-ah)
[/ca.Ta/3u0io>i6s, submergence; fiavia, madness]. In-
sane impulse to suicide by drowning.

catabythismus (kat-ab-ith-iz'-mus) [Ka.TaPvdio-p.bs, sub-
mergence]. Drowning; especially suicidal drowning.

catacausis (kat-ak-aw'-sis) [/card, down; naieiv, to
burn]. Spontaneous combustion.

cataclasis (kat-ak' -las-is) [/card, down; K\aaav, to
break]. 1. A fracture. 2. See catacleisis.

catacleisis (kat-ak-li'-sis) [/card/cXeto-is, a locking].
Closure of the eyelids by adhesion or by spasm.

cataclysm (kat'-ak-lizm) [tear aichvo- (ids, a deluge],
1. An effusion. 2. A sudden shock.

catacoustics (kat-ah-koos'-tiks) [/card, after; a.Koveii>r
to hear]. The science of reflected sound.

catacrotic (kat-ak-rot'-ik) [Kara, down; nporos, a.
striking]. Interrupting the line of descent in a.
sphygmogram.

cata erotism (kat-ak'-rot-izm) [/card, down; uporos,
a striking]. An interruption or oscillation of the
line of descent in a sphygmogram; the quality of
being catacrotic or of being marked by oscillation
in the sphygmographie line of descent.

catadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krot'-ik). Having one or
more secondary expansions, as a pulse.

catadicrotism (kat-ad-ik'-rot-izm) [Kara, down;
dUporos, double beating]. The occurrence of a
divided or double pulsation in the downward stroke
of the sphygmograph.

catadidymous lkat-ad-id' -im-us) [Kara, down;
8t.8vp.os, twin]. Joined into one, as a twin mon-
strosity, but with downward cleavage, so that the
upper parts are double.

catadidymus (kat-ad-id '-im-us) [Kara, down; 8l-
8vp.os, twin]. A catadidymous monstrosity.

catadioptric (kat-ah-di-op'-trik) [Kara, over against;
dioptric}. Applied to optical instruments which
have the power of reflecting and refracting light at
the same time.

catadrome (kat'-ad-rom) [Kararpexeiv, to run at
or over]. 1. The onset of a disease. 2. The decline
of a disease.

catagenesis (kat-aj-en'-es-is) [Kara, down; -ykvtais,
generation]. The process ot creation by retrograde
metamorphosis of energy, or by the specialization of
energy.

catagma (kat-ag'-mah) [Karayp-a, a fracture: pi.,
catagmata}. A fracture.

CATAGMATIC

198

CATARACT

catagmatic (kat-ag-mat'-ik) [Karayfia, a fracture].

1. Relating to or serviceable in cases of fracture.

2. A remedy that promotes the union of broken
parts.

catalase (Jkat'-al-as). See milk-catalase.

catalepsy (kat'-al-ep-se) [nark, down; \a^a^eiv,
to seize]. A condition of morbid sleep, associated
with a loss of voluntary motion and a peculiar plastic
rigidity of the muscles, by reason of which they take
any positionjin which they are placed and preserve
it for an indefinite time. The condition is associated
with hysteria, with forms of insanity, and is a stage
of the hypnotic sleep, c, local, that affecting a
single organ or group of muscles.

cataleptic (kat-al-ep'-tik) [see catalepsy], i. Re-
lating to, affected with, or of the nature of, catalepsy.
2. A person affected with catalepsy.

cataleptiform (kat-al-ep'-tif-orm) [catalepsy; forma,
form]. Resembling catalepsy.

cataleptize {kat-al-ep'-tiz). To reduce to a state
of catalepsy.

cataleptoid (kat-al-ep'-toid) [catalepsy; elSos, like-
ness]. Like catalepsy, c. state, a condition due to
neuromuscular excitability and differing from true
catalepsy in that the limbs must be held in fixed
attitudes for a few seconds before they maintain
themselves and friction causes them to become limp.

cataleptolethargic {kat-al-ep-to-leth-ar'-jik) . Hav-
ing the nature of catalepsy and lethargy.

Catalpa {kat-aV -pah) [native Am. Indian] . A genus
of American and Asiatic bignoniaceous trees. A.
bignoniodes and A. speciosa, of North America,
have astringent, anthelmintic, and tonic qualities;
the leaves and pods are reputed anodyne, emollient,
and antasthmatic.

catalysis (kat-al'-is-is) [KaraXveiv, to dissolve].
In chemistry, a reaction that appears to take place
owing to the mere presence of another body that
apparently undergoes no change.

catalyst (kat'-al-ist). A substance having the
power to produce catalysis.

catalytic (kat-al-it'-ik) [icaTa\veu>, to dissolve].

1. Of the nature of, or characterized by, catalysis.

2. Any medicine that is supposed to break down,
destroy, or counteract morbid agencies existing
within the economy. See alterative. 3. A retro-
gressive change.

catalyzation (kat-al-i-za'-shun) . The act or process
of catalysis.

catalyzer {kat-a-li'-zur). Any substance that
accelerates chemical _ or physical processes which
would occur without it.

catamenia (kat-am-e'-ne-ah) [/card, concerning,
according to; mv, month]. The recurrent monthly
discharge of blood during sexual life from the genital
canal of the female.

catamenial (kat-am-e'-ne-al) [catamenia]. Per-
taining to the catamenia.

catapasm (kat'-ap-azm) [Karairacrfia, powder].
A dry powder to be sprinkled upon the skin or upon
a sore.

cataphasia (kat-af-a'-ze-ah) [KaTCKpaais, assent].
A condition of imperfect consciousness, in which
the patient repeatedly utters the same word or
words spontaneously, or in reply to a question.

cataphonics (kat-ah-fon'-iks) [Kara, after; <puvrj,
sound]. That branch of physics treating of reflected
sounds.

cataphora (kat-af'-o-rah) [Kara^opa, to fall].
Lethargy; imperfect or restless coma, with intervals
of coma-vigil.

cataphoresis (kat-af-or-e'-sis) [/card, down; <pepeiv,
to carry]. The introduction of drugs into the
system through the skin by means of ointments or
solutions _ applied by the electrode of a battery.
c, anemic, the application of cataphoresis upon a
part from which the blood-supply has previously
been cut off by an Esmarch bandage or a rubber
ring, c, static, a method of introducing into the
body gaseous medicaments that have been inclosed
within a bell-jar or tube into which enters a brush
electrode connected with the positive pole of an
influence machine.

cataphoretic (kat-af-o-ret'-ik). Pertaining to cata-
phoresis.

cataphoria (kat-af-o'-re-ah) [Kara, down; <£op6s,
tending]. A tendency of both eyes to assume too
low a plane.

cataphoric (kat-af-or'-ik) [cataphoresis]. 1. Pass-
ing, or causing a passage, from the anode to the

cathode, through a diaphragm or septum. 2.
Relating to lethargy or to apoplexy.

cataplasis (kat-ap' -las-is) [Kara, down; irXdo-ts,
formation]. 1. The stage of decline in the indi-
vidual life. 2. The application of a plaster or
coating.

cataplasm, cataplasma (kat'-ap-lazm, kat-ap-laz'-
mah) [Ka.rinr\a<rfia, a poultice], A poultice (q. v.).
cataplasma carbonis (B. P.), a poultice made of
wood-charcoal, 1; bread-crumb, 1; linseed-meal, 3:
boiling water, 20 parts, cataplasma fermenti
(B. P.), a mixture of beer, yeast, wheat-flour, water
at ioo° F. It is a stimulant and antiseptic for
indolent ulcers, cataplasma kaolini (U. S. P.), a
mixture of kaolin, boric acid, thymol, methyl salicy-
late, oil of peppermint, and glycerol.

cataplectic (kat-ap-lek'-tik) [/caron-X^is, a striking
down]. Fulminant; sudden and overwhelming.

cataplexis (kat-ap-leks'-is) [/cardTrXi^is, a striking
down]. 1. A sudden and overwhelming shock or
attack of disease; prostration by the onset of disease
or by shock. 2. Hypnotic sleep.

cataptosis {kat-ap-to'-sis) [/cord, down; tttuxtis, a
falling]. Apoplexy; epilepsy; paralysis; ptosis.

cataract (kat'-ar-akt) [/carappdKTrjs, a water-fall].
Partial or complete opacity of the crystalline lens
or its capsule, c, adherent, opacity of the lens, due
to disturbed nutrition, in which it is attached by
exudates to the adjacent parts, as in cyclitis. c,
aridosiliquose, an overripe cataract with a dry,
wrinkled capsule, c, capsular, cataract due to
opacity of the capsule, c, capsulolenticular, one
involving both the capsule and the lens, c, chalky.
See c, aridosiliquose. c, cholesterin, one containing
what are apparently crystals of cholesterin. c,
concussion, a soft cataract due to an explosion or
some other concusison. c, cortical, one due to loss
of transparency of the outer layers of the lens, c,
cystic. See c, Morgagnian, c, diabetic, a form
associated with diabetes, c.-discission, an operation
preliminary to absorption, or extraction by suction,
consisting in rupturing the capsule, so that the
aqueous humor gains access to the lens, c.-extrac-
tion, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical
operation, c, fibrinous, a false cataract consisting
of an effusion of plastic lymph on the capsule and
into the field of vision, c, fibroid, a false cataract
consisting of an opacity in the axis of the visual rays
though not in the lens, c, fluid, the breaking-up
of an opaque lens into a milky fluid, c, green, a
name given to a grayish-green reflex seen in glau-
coma; it is also seen when the pupil is dilated and
the media are not completely transparent, c,
grumous, a spurious cataract from hemorrhage into
the cornea or into the vitreous, c, gypseous, an
overripe cataract presenting a white appearance
from having undergone degeneration, c, hard.
See c, senile, c, hyaloid, a spurious cataract attri-
buted to opacity of the anterior part of the vitreous.
c, immature, one in which only a part of the lens-
substance is cataractous. c, incipient, forked /linear
opacities in the equatorial region of the lens seen in
middle-aged persons and sometimes remaining
unchanged for years. Syn., arcus senilis lentis;
gerontoxon lentis. c, interstitial. See c, lenticular.
c, lacteal. See c, fluid, c, lamellar, one due to
opacity of certain layers between the cortex and
nucleus, _ the remaining layers being transparent.
c, lenticular, one occurring in the lens proper.
c, lymph, c, lymphatic. See c, Morgagnian.
c, mature, one in which the whole lens-substance is
cataractous. c, membranous, a fibrinous deposit
from the iris upon the capsule, which becomes opaque.
c, mixed, one which ultimately affects the whole
lens, but begins as a cortical opacity in sharply
demarcated streaks or triangular patches, c,
Morgagnian, one in which an overripe cataract shrinks
and leaves a nucleus floating in the dissolved outer
layers, c, myelin, one containing a semitransparent,
yellowish, friable substance, c, nuclear, one of
moderate extent beginning in the nucleus, c, pig-
mented, c, pigmentous, a spurious cataract due to
an injury by which the pigment from the posterior
surface of the iris has been detached, forming a tree-
like appearance, c, polar (anterior or posterior),
a form in which the opacity is confined to one pole
of the lens, c, pseudomembranous, a condition
marked by white spots on the lens due to iritis.
c, pupillary, congenital closure of the pupil, c,
pyramidal, one in which the opacity is at the anterior

CATARACTOPIESIS

199

CATHETER

pole and is conoid, the apex extending forward.
c, recurrent capsular, c, secondary, capsular cataract
appearing after the extraction of the lens, c, ripe.
See c, mature, c, senile, the cataract of old per-
sons, the most frequent form, and that understood
when not specified as congenital, juvenile, traumatic,
soft, etc. c, siliculose, c, siliquose. See c, arido-
siliquose. c, soft, a form occurring especially in the
young; the lens-matter is of soft consistence and
milky appearance, c, spontaneous, one not de-
pendent upon some other lesion or disease, c,
stony, one that has undergone degeneration and
become of stony hardness, c, tremulous, c, vacil-
lating, one associated with laceration of the zonule
of Zinn, causing trembling of the iris and of the
cataract on movement of the eyeball, c, true,
lenticular cataract, c, unripe. See c, immature.
c, zonular. See c, lamellar.

cataractopiesis (kat-a-rak-to-pi-e'-sis). See couch-
ing.

cataractous (kat-ar-ak'-tus) [cataract]. Of the
nature of or affected with cataract.

catarrh (kat'-ahr') [tcarappeZv, to flow down].
Inflammation of a mucous membrane. The term
is also applied to certain inflammations of the
tubules of the kidney and the air-vesicles of the lung.
c, alveolar, a condition occurring in bronchopneu-
monia in which the alveoli of the lungs contain
a granular liquid exudate holding modified epithelial
cells and blood-corpuscles, c, atrophic nasal,
chronic nasal catarrh resulting in dryness and
atrophy of the membrane, c, dry, bronchitis in
which there are frequent, severe attacks of cough-
ing, with pain and but little expectoration, c,
epidemic. See influenza, c, gastric, gastritis.
c, hemorrhagic, bronchial catarrh attended with a
superficial extravasation of blood into the mucous
tissue, c, infectious, that caused by pathogenic
microorganisms either by direct invasion or by the
effect of toxins generated by them, c, intestinal,
enteritis, c, intoxication, that caused by chemical
poison — (a) introduced with the ingesta; (b) developed
from the ingesta through putrefaction; (c) that de-
veloped from the blood, c, Laennec's. i. See c,
dry. 2. See c, piluitous. c, membranous nasal,
a form of nasal catarrh marked by the formation of a
thick pseudomembrane. c, mycotic, that caused by
a fungus, c, nasal, coryza. c, papillary, catarrh
of the renal papillae. c, pituitous (of Laennec),
chronic serous bronchorrhea attended with copious
secretion discharged by severe paroxysms of coughing.
c, pulmonary, bronchitis, c, rarefying dry (of the
nasopharynx), a state of malnutrition marked by
pale, dry mucosa and at times the occurrence of
varicose veins in the pharyngeal wall and about the
orifices of the Eustachian tubes, c, rose-, hay-fever.
c, Russian, influenza, c, serous, that marked by
secretion consisting chiefly of a serous fluid, c,
suffocative. Synonym of capillary bronchitis, c,
summer-, hay-fever, c, uterine, endometritis.
c, vasomotor, hay-fever, c, vernal. See con-
junctivitis, vernal, c, venereal. Synonym of gonor-
rhea, c, vesical, cystitis.

catarrhal (kat-ahr'-al) [catarrh]. Of the nature of,
affected with, or relating to catarrh, c. fever.
Synonym of influenza, c. inflammation, an inflam-
mation of an archiblastic surface, characterized by
proliferation and desquamation of the epithelium.

catarrhectic (kat-ar-ek'-tik) [KarapprjKTiKos]. Pur-
gative.

catastalsis (kat-as-tal'-sis). A term suggested by
Cannon for the downward moving wave of con-
traction occurring in the stomach, during digestion.
There is no preceding wave of inhibition.

catastaltic (kat-as-tal'-tik) [KaTao-rkWi-iv, to check,
to send downward]. i. Astringent. 2. Passing
from above downward (as a nerve-impulse). 3. An
inhibitory or sedative agent.

catastasis (kat-as'-tas-is) [/cardo-racm, a settling].
Condition, state, habit; a decline, or quieting of
symptoms; restitution, as of a displaced part.

catastate (kat'-as-tat) [naraaTaais, settling down].
Any one of a series of successive catabolic states,
substances, or conditions, each one of which is less
complex, more stable, and exhibits less functional
activity than its predecessor.

catastatic (kat-as-tat'-ik) [/caTcurrao-is, a settling
down]. Relating to a catastasis, or to a catastate.

catatonia (kat-at-o'-ne-ah) [Kara, down; twos,
tension]. A form of mental derangement progressing

from melancholia successively through mania and
stupidity to imbecility and tonic convulsions.

catatony (kat-at'-o-ne). See catatonia.

catatricrotism (kat-ah-tri'-krot-izm) [Kara, down;
rpeis, three; tcporos, a striking]. The occurrence of
a third pulsation in the downward stroke of the
sphygmograph.

catatropia (kat-ah-tro'-pe-ah) [kata-; rpoiros, a
turn]. An actual turning of both eyes downward.

catavertebral (kat-ah-ver'-te-bral) [Kara, down;
vertebral]. Located on the side of a centrum of a
vertebra next to the blood-vessels.

catching (katsh'-ing). Contagious, in the popular
sense, i. e., directly from one person to another, as
scabies, ringworm, syphilis, gonorrhea, typhus,
variola, diphtheria, and scarlatina.

catechin (kat'-e-kin) [catechu], C21H20O9 +5H2O.
Catechinic acid, the active principle of catechu. It
crystallizes in shining needles of a snow-white, silky
appearance.

catechol (kat'-e-kol). See pyrocatechin. c. di-
methylate, c. dimethyl-ether. See veratrol. c.
monomethylate, c. monomethyl-ether. See guaiacol.

catechu (kat'-e-ku) [E. Ind.]. An extract pre-
pared from the wood of Acacia catechu, a native of the
East Indies. It contains 50 % of tannic acid, and
hence is a powerful astringent. It is used in the
diarrhea of children and as a gargle and mouth-wash.
Dose of the powdered extract 10 gr.-| dr. (0.65-2.0
Gm.), The catechu of the Pharmacopeia of 1890
has been replaced by gambir (q. v.). c, infusum
(B. P.). Dose i-i| oz. (30-45 Cc). c, pulvis,
compositus (B. P.), contains catechu, kino, and
rhatany. Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.).

catelectrode (kat-el-ek'-irod). See cathode.

catelectrotonus {kat-el-ek-trot'-o-nus) [Kara, down;
rjXeKTpov, amber; rbvos, tension]. The state of
increased irritability of a nerve near the cathode.
See anelectrotonus.

catenating (kat'-en-a-ting) [catenare, to chain
together]. Connecting; linking; e. g., catenating
ague, ague associated with another disease.

catenoid (kat'-en-oid) [catena, chain; eldos, re-
semblance]. Resembling a chain.

catgut (kat'-gut). The intestine of various animals,
particularly the sheep, treated to make ligatures.
c, carbolized, catgut rendered aseptic by soaking
in a solution of phenol, c, chromicized, gut treated
with chromium trioxide. c.-plate, an appliance for
uniting intestinal edges in intestinal anastomosis.
It is made of a solid catgut sheet, is thin, large, and
flat, and resembles the Senn decalcified bone-plates.

catharma (kath-ar'-mah) [Kodapy.a, refuse; pi.,
catharmata]. That which is removed by purgation;
excrement.

catharsis (kath-ar'-sis) [KadaLpeiv, to purge].
Purgation.

cathartate (kath-ar'-tat). A salt of cathartic acid.

cathartic {kath-ar'-tik) [see catharsis]. 1. Purga-
tive. 2. A medicine used to produce evacuations
of the bowels; a purgative, c. acid. See senna.
c. pill, compound. See under compound.

cathartin {kath-ar' -tin) . A bitter principle found
in rhubarb, senna and jalap.

cathartogenin (kath-ar-toj'-en-in). A yellow-brown
substance obtained from cathartic acid by decom-
position with hydrochloric acid. Syn., catharlogenic
acid.

cathartomannite {kath-ar-to-man'-it). See sennit.

cat-head (kat'-hed). A term applied by Rosch
to certain skulls the bones of which are too thin,
the form rotund, with the occiput markedly project-
ing, while all prominences and muscular impressions
are inconspicuous. Cf. apple head.

cathelectrotonus. See catelectrotonus.

Cathelineau's sign. See Tourette's disease.

catheresis, cathaeresis (kath-er-e'-sis) [KoBaiptiv,
to reduce]. 1. Prostration or weakness induced
by medication. 2. Caustic action; it often designates
a feebly caustic action.

catheretic (kath-er-et'-ik) [naOalpeiv, to reduce].
1. Reducing; weakening; prostrating. 2. Caustic.
3. A reducing or caustic agent.

catheter (Jkath' -el-er) [Kaderrip, a thing put down].
1. A hollow tube for introduction into a cavity
through a narrow canal. 2. Specifically, one in-
tended to be passed through the urethra into
the bladder. c, Bozeman's, a double-current
uterine catheter, c, Eustachian, an instrument for
examining, distending, or making applications to

CATHETERISM

200

CAUSE

the Eustachian tube. c. fever, systemic disturbance
with fever, following the introduction of a catheter
into the urethra., c, Gouley's. See Gouley's
catheter, c.-life, continuous dependence upon the
catheter for evacuation of the bladder, c, lung, a
soft-rubber tube that may be passed down the trachea.
c, Schroetter's. See Schroetter's catheter, c, self-
retaining, one that will hold itself within the bladder
without other appliances to assist it.

catheterism, catheterization (kath'-et-er-izm, kath-
et-er-iz-a'-shun) [catheter]. The introduction of a
catheter.

catheterize (kath'-et-er-tz) . To introduce a catheter.

catheterostat (kath'-et-er-o-stat) [catheter; araros,
standing]. A stand with glass tubes for holding
sterilized catheters.

cathion. Cation.

cathodal (kath'-o-dal) [/card, down; 68os, way].
Relating to a cathode.

cathode (kath'-od) [Kara, down; Bdos, way]. The
negative electrode or pole of an electric circuit.

cathodic (kath-od'-ik) [/card, down; 6Sos, way].
I. Relating to a cathode. 2. Proceeding downward;
efferent or centrifugal (applied to a nerve-current or
nerve-impulse).

catholicon {kath-oV -ik-on) [koBoXikov, universal].
A universal remedy; a cure-all.

cathypnosis (kath-ip-no'-sis) [KaOvirpwais, a fall-
ing asleep]. Syn. of African lethargy.

cation (kat'-e-on) [koltiov, going down]. An elec-
tropositive element, i. e., one which passes to or is
evolved at the cathode in electrolysis.

cativi, cativia [Carib for manihot-root]. A skin
disease of Central America said to be caused by an
animal parasite, and resembling in its lesions grated
manihot-root.

catlin, catling {kat'-lin, kat'-ling) [dim. of cat].
A long, pointed, two-edged knife used in amputation.

catnep, catnip (kat'-nep, kat'-nip) [corruption of
catmint]. The leaves and tops of the herb Nepeta
cataria, a stimulant and tonic; a popular remedy
for chlorosis, hysteria, etc. Dose of fiuidextract 1-2
dr. (4-8 Cc).

catochus (kal'-o-kus) [k&toxos, a holding down].
1. Catalepsy; coma-vigil. 2. Apparent deaths trance.

catodont (kat'-o-dont) [Kara, down; 6S6vs, tooth].
Possessing teeth only in the lower jaw.

catoptric test. The diagnosis of cataract by means
of the reflection of images from the cornea and lens-
capsules. <

catoptrics (kat-op'-triks) [kLtottpov, a mirror].
The laws of the reflection of light.

catoptroscope (kat-op'-tro-skop) [koltotttpov, a
mirror; aKoirelv, to examine]. An instrument for
examining objects by reflected light.

catoteric (kat-o-ter'-ik) [/carwrepwcos, a carrying
downward]. A purgative or cathartic.

catramin (kat' -rant-in). A turpentine obtained
from Tsuga canadensis and other conifers. It is
recommended as a stimulant, diuretic, and expector-
ant in chronic respiratory troubles, and is used in
tuberculosis and lupus subcutaneously and as an
embrocation.

cat's ear. A deformed ear similar to that of a
cat. c.'s eye, a morbid yellowish appearance of the
fundus of the eye. c.'s-eye pupil, an elongated pupil.

cat's-purr. A peculiar purring bruit heard on
auscultation, due to a defect of the mitral valve.
Syn., Fremissement cataire.

cattle-plague. See Rinderpest.

catulotic (kat-ul-ot'-ik) [narovKveiv, to cause to
cicatrize]. Promoting cicatrization.

cauda (kaw'-dah) [L.]. 1. A tail. 2. The part
of a muscle forming its insertion, c. cerebelli, the
vermiform process, c. epididymidis, the inferior
part of the epididymis, c. equina, a term applied
collectively to the roots of the sacral and coccygeal
nerves, from their resemblance to a horse's tail.
c. helicis, an appendage of the cartilage of the ear
at the union of the helix and antihelix. c. medulla?
(of Bartholin), a collective term for the oblongata
and spinal cord. c. muliebris, the clitoris, c.
salax, the penis, c. striati, the narrow posterior
portion of the caudate nucleus.

caudad (kaw'-dad) [cauda; ad, to]. Toward the
tail or cauda; opposed to cephalad; in man, down-
ward.

caudal (kaw'-dal) [cauda]. 1. Pertaining to a cauda
or tail. 2. Referring to a position near the tail end
of the long axis of the body.

caudate (kaw'-dat) [cauda]. Having or resembling
a tail. c. lobe of liver, a small lobe of the liver.
c. nucleus, the intraventricular portion of the corpus
striatum.

caudation (Jzaw-da'-shun) [cauda]. 1. The con-
dition of being furnished with a tail. 2. Elongation
of the clitoris.

caudatolenticular, caudolenticular (kaw-dat-o-len-
tik'-u-lar, kaw-do-len-tik'-u-lar). Pertaining to both
the caudate and the lenticular nuclei.

caudatum (kaw-da'-tum). See corpus striatum.

caudex (kaw'-deks) [L., "a tree-stem"]. 1. In
biology, applied to the scaly, unbranching trunk of
a palm-tree or tree-fern. 2. The main portion of
the brain-stem, the fibers running from the spinal
cord to the hemispheres of the brain, c. cerebri.
See caudex (2). c. dorsalis. 1. The spinal cord.
2. The oblongata, c. encephali, the cerebral
peduncle, c. encephali communis, the oblongata
and crus cerebri, c. encephali pontilis, the pons.
c. medullaris, the cerebral peduncle.

caudiduct (kaw'-de-dukt) [cauda, tail; ducere, to
draw]. In biology, to draw or carry backward
toward the tail.

caudiferous {kaw-dif'-er-us) [cauda; ferre, to bear].
Having a tail or tail-like appendage.

caudle (kaw'-dl) [ME., caudel, a warm drink].
A nutritious food for invalids. It is made as follows:
Beat up an egg to a froth; add a glass of sheiry and
half a pint of gruel. Flavor with lemon-peel, nut-
meg, and sugar.

caul (kawl) [ME., calle, a hood]. 1. A portion
or all of the fetal membranes covering the head and
carried out in advance of it in labor. 2. The great
omentum.

cauliflower excrescence. A tumor with an irregu-
lar surface resembling the cauliflower.

cauline (kaw'-lin) [ko.v\6s, a stalk]. In biology,
of or pertaining to the stem.

caulophyllin (kaw-lo-fil'-in) [kclvXSs, a stalk; <f>vX\ov,
a leaf]. A resinoid precipitate from the tincture of
caulophyllum. See caulophyllum.

caulophyllum (kaw-lo-fil'-um) [/cauXos, stalk; <j>v\\ov,
leaf]. Blue cohosh; "squaw-root"; the rhizome and
rootlets of C. thalictroides, growing in Canada and
the northern United States. It contains a glucoside,
saponin, and two resins, one of which is caulophyllin.
It produces intermittent contractions of the gravid
uterus, and possesses diuretic, emmenagogue, and anti-
spasmodic powers. There are no official prepara-
tions. Dose of the powdered drug 5-20 gr. (0.32-
1.3 Gm.); of caulophyllin 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.).

cauloplegia (kaw-lo-ple'-je-ah) [Kav\6s, a stalk;
7tXtj7^, a stroke]. Paralysis affecting the penis.

caulosterin (kaw-los'-ter-in) [icav\6s, a stalk;
crrepkos, solid], C26H44O. An aromatic compound
occurring in the root and stem of seedlings of the
yellow lupine which have grown in the dark. It is
levorotary, forming lustrous plates which melt at
iS8°-i59° C.

cauma (kaw'-mah) [icavp,a, a burning; pi., caumata].
Fever; heat; pyresis; an inflammatory fever; a burn.
c. enteritis, synonym of intestinal catarrh, acute.

caumatic (kaw-mat'-ik) [navna, a burning]. Per-
taining to cauma.

caumesthesia (kaw-mes-the'-ze-ah) [Kavp.a, heat;
aladrjais, sensation]. A condition in which a person
experiences a sense of heat, when the temperature is
not high.

causalgia {kaw-sal'-je-ah) [navaos, a burning;
&X70S, pain]. The burning pain that is sometimes
present in injuries of the nerves.

cause (katvz) [causa, a cause]. The sources, con-
ditions and origins of a result. The preceding factors
that unite to produce a given condition. Causes
are spoken of as efficient, instrumental, final, pri-
mary, secondary, predisposing, controlling, deter-
mining, ultimate, exciting, etc. c, antecedent. See
c, predisposing, c, determining, a cause that
precipitates the action of another or other causes.
c, efficient, c, essential, one that secures the effect
independent of the action of other causes, c, endo-
pathic, see c, internal, c, exciting, the immediately
preceding and conditioning factor, c, exopathic,
c, external, one that acts external to the organism.
c, immediate, see c, proximate, c, internal, a
cause acting within the organism, c, negative, one
consisting in the absence of some prophylactic con-
dition, c, predisponent, c, procatarctic, see c,
predisposing, c, predisposing, that which tends to

CAUSOMA

201

CEASMIC

the development of a condition, c, primary, c,
proximate, that one of several causes which takes
effect last and acts with rapidity. c, remote, c,
secondary, an ultimate cause, c, ultimate, one that
eventually comes into play aided by a proximate
cause, c, vital, a specific pathogenic microorganism.

causoma (kaw-so'-mah) [navo-upa; Kaieiv, to burn;
pi., causomata]. A burning; usually an inflammation.

caustic (kaws'-tik) [causticum, caustic], i. Very
irritant; burning; capable of destroying tissue. 2. A
substance that destroys tissue, c. alkali, a pure
alkaline hydrate or oxide, c. arrows, conical sticks
charged with caustic material, c, lunar (argenti
nilras fusus, U. S. P.), silver nitrate, c, metallic,
one containing a metal or a metallic salt, c, miti-
gated (argenti nitras miligatus, U. S. P.), silver
nitrate made less active by fusion with potassium
nitrate or argentic chloride, c, perpetual, fused silver
nitrate, c. potash, potassium hydroxide, c. soda,
sodium hydroxide.

causticity (kaws-tis'-it-e) [naleiv, to burn]. Caus-
tic quality; corrosiveness.

cauter (kaw'-ter) [Kavrrjp, a burner]. A searing-
iron or cautery-iron; any caustic application.

cauterant (kaw'-ter-ant) [navT-qp, a burner]. 1.
Caustic; escharotic. 2. A caustic substance.

cauterism (kaw'-ter-izm). See cauterization.

cauterization (kaw-ter-iz-a' -shun) [see cautery].
The application of a cautery; the effect of such an
application, c, distant, that performed by holding
the cautery at some distance from the surface
to be cauterized, c, galvanochemical (Apostoli's),
the destruction of the mucosa by means of electrolytic
action, c, inherent, deep cauterization by means
of the actual cautery, c, Neapolitan, deep cauter-
ization through an incision, c, objective. See
c, distant, c. by points, c, punctate, deep cauter-
ization with a pointed cautery, c, slow, that per-
formed with moxa. c, subcutaneous, deep cauteriza-
tion by injection of caustics or by inclosing the
cautery in a tube so as not to affect the superficial
parts, c, tubular, Tripier's operation of charring
the walls of an opening made into a cyst by means
of an instrument connected with the negative pole
of a battery.

cauterize (kaw'-ler-iz) [see cautery]. To sear or
burn with a cautery or a caustic.

cautery (kaw'-ter-e) [navT-ripLov, a branding-iron].
A metal instrument heated by the electric current
or in a flame, used to destroy tissue or for producing
counterirritation. Syn., inustorium. c, actual, the
white-hot iron, c, button-, an iron heated in hot
water, c, ' galvanic, a platinum wire heated by
electricity, c, nummular, a cautery iron fitted with
a coin-shaped disc, c, Paquelin's. See Paquelin's
cautery, c, potential, c, virtual, the application of
caustic substances, c, solar, a lens for concentrating
the rays of the sun upon a part to be cauterized.
c, steam. See atmocausis. c, thermo-. See ther-
mocautery.

cava (ka'-vah) [L.]. 1. A vena cava. 2. Any
external cavity or hollow of the body.

caval (ka'-val) [cava]. 1. Relating to a vena cava.
2. Hollow.

cavalry-bone (kav'-al-re-bon). A bony deposit in
the adductor muscles of the thigh.

cavascope (kav'-a-skop) [cava; aKowelv, to view].
An apparatus for illuminating a cavity.

cavern (kav'-ern) [caverna, a hollow]. A cavity in
the lung due to necrosis of the parenchyma; also the
cavity of a dilated bronchus, c, brand, one due to
gangrenous destruction of a circumscribed segment
of the lung parenchyma.

cavernitis (kav-er-ni'-tis). Inflammation of the
corpora cavernosa.

cavernoma (kav-ern-o' -mah) [cavern; bpa, a tumor].
A cavernous tumor; a cavernous angioma.

cavernosum (kav-ur-no' -sum) . The corpus caver-
nosum.

cavernous (kav'-er-nus) [cavern]. Having hollow
spaces, c. angioma, an angioma filled with blood-
spaces, c. bodies, the corpora cavernosa of the
penis, c. breathing, the breath-sounds heard over a
pulmonary cavity, c. groove, the carotid groove.
c. plexus. See plexus, cavernous, c. sinus, a venous
sinus situated at the side of the body of the sphenoid.
c. tissue, erectile tissue, c. tumor, a cavernous
angioma.

caviar, or caviare (kav-e-ar') [Fr.]. The salted
hard roe of the sturgeon and other large fish.

cavitary (kav'-it-a-re) [cavitarius, hollow]. Hollow;
having, or forming cavities. Applied to any nema-
tode worm; any intestinal worm that has a body-
cavity; a worm that is not anenterous.

cavitas (kav'-it-as) [L.]. A hollow, a cavity, c.
cochleata. See duct, spinal, c. glenoidalis, the
glenoid cavity, c. pulpae, the pulp-cavity of a
tooth. See dental cavity.

Cavite fever (kav-e-ta1). An acute contagious
disease confined almost exclusively to Cavite naval
station in the Philippines. It is marked by sudden
onset, high temperature, severe muscular pain, and
extremely tender and painful eyeballs, the incu-
bation period varying from two days to two weeks.

cavitis (ka-vi'-tis) [cava; iris, inflammation].
Inflammation of a vena cava; celophlebitis.

cavity (kav'-it-e) [cavum]. A hollow. See under
abdominal, amniotic, cotyloid, glenoid, pulp, and
serous, c, ankyroid, the descending cornu of the
lateral ventricle, cavities, cerebral, the ventricles
of the brain, c, cotyloid, the acetabulum, c,
cranial, the hollow of the skull, c, epiploic, the
omentum, c, nasal, the nasal fossa, c, oral, that
of the mouth. Syn., cavum oris; spatium oris.
c, pleural, the closed space of the pleura included
between its parietal and visceral layers, c, pleuro-
peritoneal, the celom or body-cavity, c, preperi-
toneal. See Retzius' space, c, sigmoid, one of two
depressions on the head of the ulna for articulation
with the radius and humerus.

cavo-valgus (ka'-vo-val'-gus) [cavus, hollow; valgus,
bow-legged]. Cavus combined with valgus. See
clubfoot.

cavus (ka'-vus) [L.]. 1. A hollow; a cavity.
2. Talipes arcuatus; hollow-foot.

cavum (ka'-vum) [L.]. Any hollow or cavity,
normal or pathological, c. abdominis, the cavity of
the abdomen, c. articulare, joint cavity, c. con-
chae, the deepest part of the concave surface of the
concha, c. denris, the pulp-cavity of a tooth, c.
epidurale, epidural cavity, c. laryngis, cavity of
larynx, c. Meckelii. See Meckel's cavity, c. medi-
astinale anterius, anterior mediastinal cavity, c.
mediastinale posterius, posterior mediastinal cavity.
c. medullare, the medullary canal of bones, c. nasi,
nasal cavity, c. oris proprius, the cavity of the mouth
proper, c. pelvis, pelvic cavity, c. pericardii, the
pericardial cavity, c. peritonaei, the peritoneal
cavity, c. pharyngis, cavity of pharynx, c. pleurae,
the pleural cavity, c. Retzii. See Retzius's space.
c. septi, the embryonal fifth ventricle of the brain.
c. septi pellucidi, cavity of septum pellucidum, the
fifth ventricle, c. subarachnoideale, the subarach-
noid space, c. thoracis, thoracic cavity, c. sub-
durale, the subdural space, the interval between
the dura mater and the arachnoid, c. thoracis,
thoracic cavity, c. tympani, the tympanic cavity.
c. uteri, the cavity of the uterus.

cayaponine (ka-ap'-o-nen) [Cayaponia, Brazilian
name]. An alkaloid extracted from Cayaponia
globosa, a cucurbitaceous plant of Brazil. It is said
to purge without griping. Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.).

Cayenne pepper (ki'-en). See capsicum.

Cazenave's lupus (kaz-ndv') [P. L. A. Cazenave,
French dermatologist, 1795-1877]- Lupus erythe-
matosus. C.'s vitiligo. See Celsus' area.

Cb. Chemical symbol of columbium.

Cc, c.c. Abbreviations of cubic centimeter. «

C.C.C. Abbreviation of cathodal closure con-
traction; also written CaCC.

c.cm. Abbreviation for cubic centimeter; more
frequently written c.c.

CCTe. Abbreviation for cathodal closure tetanus.

Cd. Chemical symbol of cadmium.

Ce. Chemical symbol of cerium.

ceanothin (se-an-o' -thin) . 1. A brown powder
obtained from Ceanothus americanus. It is purgative
and alterative, and is used in syphilis, dysentery,
and sore throat. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.).
2. A resinoid isolated from Ceanothus americanus;
slightly soluble in alcohol and ether.

cearin (se'-ar-in). An ointment-base consisting
of carnauba wax, 1 part; paraffin, 3 parts, melted
together and mixed with 4 times its weight of liquid
petrolatum.

ceasma (se-az'-mah) Ueaap-a, a chip; pi., ceasmata].
A splinter; a fissured state.

ceasmic (se-az'-mik) [iceaapa., a chip]. Fissured;
remaining in the primitive fissured state of the
embryo.

CEBOCEPHALIA

202

CELIOPARACENTESIS

cebocephalia (se-bo-sef-a'-le-ah) [ktjPos, a kind of
monkey; Kecpu\r), the head]. The condition of being
cebocephalic.

cebocephalic (se-bo-sef-al'-ik) [icf/Pos, a kind of
monkey; Ke<j>a\r], the head]. Of the nature or
appearance of a cebocephalus.

cebocephalus (se-bo-sef'-al-us) [ktjPos, a monkey;
Ke<pa\rj, head]. A variety of single autositic mon-
sters of the species Cyclocephalus, in which there is
entire absence of the nose, with, however, two
orbital cavities and two eyes, the region between the
eyes being narrow and perfectly flat.

cebur (se'-bur). See balsam, Tagulaway.

cecal (se'-kal) [cecum], i. Pertaining to the cecum.

2. Ending in a cul-de-sac.

cecectomy (se-sek'tom-e) [cecum; 7-0/117, a cutting].
Excision of the cecum.

cecitas (se'-sit-as) [L.]. Blindness.

cecitis (se-si'-tis) [cecum; wis, inflammation].
Inflammation of the cecum; typhlitis.

cecity (ses'-it-e) [ccecus, blind]. Blindness.

cecocele (se'-ko-sel) [cecum; kt/Xt/, hernia]. A
hernia into the cecum. Syn., typhlocele.

cecograph (se'-ko-graf) [ccecus, blind; ypa<pei.v, to
write]. A writing-machine for the use of the blind.

cecopexy (se'-ko-peks-e) [cecum; 7r^ts, fixation].
Fixation of the cecum by a surgical operation.

cecoplication (se-ko-pli-ka'-shun). An operation
for the relief of dilated cecum, consisting in taking
folds in its wall.

cecoptosis (se-kop-to'-sis) [cecum; irT&cns, a falling].
A downward displacement of the cecum.

cecosigmoidostomy (se-ko-sig-moid-os'-to-me) (ce-
cum; sigmoid; arop-a, a mouth]. The making of an
anastomosis between the cecum and sigmoid.

cecostomy (se-kos'-to-me) [cecum; ardfia, a mouth].
The formation of an artificial anus in the cecum.

cecum, csecum (se' kum) [ccecus, blind]. The large
blind pouch or culdesac in which the large intestine
begins, c. mobile, abnormal mobility of the cecum,
so that it can be pushed up out of its normal situa
tion.

cecutiency (se-ku'-shen-se) [ccecutire, to become
blind]. Tendency to, or the commencement Of,
blindness.

cedar (se'-dar) [cedrus, cedar]. One of the genus
of coniferous trees, Cedrus. c.-oil, a transparent oil
obtained from Juniperus virginiana, and used as a
clearing agent in histology and for oil-immersion
lenses.

Cedrela (sed'-re-lah) [/ceSpeXdr^, a cedar-fir tree].
A genus of trees found in tropical regions and allied
to mahogany, c. febrifuga, of Southern Asia;
c. odorata, bastard cedar, of tropical America (see
Cailcedra). c. rosmarinus, of Indo-China, and
c. toona, of India, are among the species that afford
active medicines.

cedrene (se'-dren) [cedrus, cedar], C15H24. A vola-
tile liquid hydrocarbon found in oil of red cedar (see
Juniperus virginiana), oil of cloves and oil of cubebs.
c. camphor, C15H26O, a camphor that separates from
the oil of red cedar.

cedrin (se'-drin) [cedrus, cedar]. A bitter crystal-
line substance obtained from cedron.

cedron (se'-dron) [cedrus, cedar]. The seeds of
C. simaba, a popular external remedy in tropical
America for the bites of venomous insects and
serpents, and of reputed value in malarial fevers.
Dose of the fluidextract nj> j-viij.

ceke (the'-ke). A Fiji term for elephantiasis of the
scrotum.

Cel. Abbreviation for Celsius, scale of thermo-
meter.

celandine (sel'-an-den). See chelidonium.

celarium, ccelarium (se-la'-re-um). The epithelium
of the celom.

celastrine (se-las'-tren). 1. Mosso's name for a
poisonous alkaloid obtained from the leaves of
Catha edulis; it resembles caffeine physiologically,
though more energetic and differing essentially from
it. Syn., kathine. 2. A bitter principle found by
Dragendorff in the leaves of Celastrus serratus.

3. A substance forming minute white crystals found
by Wayne in Celastrus scandens.

Celastrus (sel-as'-trus) [/^Xao-rpos, an evergreen
tree]. A genus of trees and shrubs, nearly allied to
Euonymus. C. paniculatus is a climbing shrub of
India; the oil from the seeds (oleum nigrum) is a
powerful stimulant and diaphoretic in gout and
fever. C. scandens, of North America, is cathartic,

diuretic, and alterative. C. serratus is a native of
Abyssinia; the leaves are used in malaria; they con-
tain tannin, a bitter principle, celastrin, and a vola-
tile oil.

celation (sel-a'-shun) [celatio, a hiding]. The
concealment of illness, of a birth, or of pregnancy.

cele (sel) [koi\Icl, cavity]. An encephalic cavity;
used instead of ventricle.

-cele (sel) [K17X77, a tumor]. A suffix denoting a
tumor, or swelling, or hernia.

celenteron (se-len'-ter-on). Same as archenteron,
q. v.

celerina (sel-e-ri'-nah). A proprietary remedy
said to contain celery, black haw, coca and kola.

celery (sel'-er-e) [aeKivov, a kind of parsley].
The stalk of Apium graveolens, or common garden
celery. It contains apiol, q. v. It is reputed to be
antispasmodic and nervine. Dose indefinite, c.
seed, used to cover the taste of other drugs.

celia (se'-le-ah) [/coiXia, belly]. 1. The belly; the
stomach. 2. A ventricle of the brain.

celiac (se'-le-ak) [celia]. Abdominal; pertaining
to the belly, c. artery. Same as c. axis. c. axis,
a branch of the abdominal aorta; it divides into the
gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See under
artery, c. disease, a form of chronic indigestion
generally occurring in children under five years of
age, and characterized by offensive diarrhea, c.
ganglion. See ganglion, semilunar, c. passion, pain-
ful diarrhea, or dysentery, c. plexus, a sympathetic
nerve-plexus situated about the origin of the celiac
axis.

celiaca (se-li'-ak-ah) [noChla, the abdomen].
Diseases of the abdominal organs.

celiacomesenteric (se-le-ak-o-mez-en-ter'-ik). Re-
lating to the celiac and mesenteric regions.

celiadelphus (se-le-ad-el'-fus) [ztoiXfa, belly; &8e\<f>6s,
brother]. A monstrosity having two bodies joined
at the abdomen.

celiagra (se-le-ag'-rah) [koiKLo., belly; &ypa, seizure].
Abdominal gout.

celialgia (se-le-aV -je-ah) [celia; &\yos, pain]. Pain
in the abdomen.

celian, celine (se'-le-an, se'-lin). Same as celiac.

celianeurysm (se-le-an' -u-rizm) [celia; ivexjpvapLa,
a widening]. An abdominal aneurysm.

celiectasia (se-le-ek-ta'-zeah) [celia; Iktoo-is, a
stretching-out]. Abnormal distention of the ab-
dominal cavity.

celiectomy (se-le-ek'-to-me) [celia; iKrofirj, a cut-
ting]. Excision of an abdominal organ.

celiemia (se-le-e'-mc-ah) [celia; aljua, blood].
Hyperemia of the abdominal viscera.

celiitis, cqeliitis (se-le-i'-tis) [celia; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs.

celiocele, coeliocele (se'-le-o-sel) [celia; kt/Xtj, a
hernia]. Abdominal hernia.

celiocentesis, cceliocentesis (se-le-o-sen-te'-sis)
[koiKLo., belly; nevrfiais, puncture]. Puncture of the
abdomen.

celiocyesis (se-le-o-si-e'-sis) [noikta, belly; kvt/o-is,
pregnancy]. Abdominal extra-uterine gestation.

celiodynia, cceliodynia (se-le-o-din'-e-ah) [celia;
bbbv-q, pain]. Pain in the abdomen.

ceiiogastrotomy (se-le-o-gas-trot'-o-me) [celia;
yaarrip, stomach; ropA\, cutting]. The opening of the
stomach through abdominal incision.

celiohemia, cceliohsemia. See celiemia.

celiohysterectomy (se-le-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [celia;
iffrepa, womb; I/crop.^, a cutting out]. 1. Excision
of the uterus through an abdominal cut. 2. Porro-
cesarean section.

celiohysterotomy (se-le-o-his-ter-ot'-o-me). 1. Same
as cesarean section, q. v. 2. Incision of the uterus
through an abdominal cut.

celiolymph (se'-le-o-limf) [noiKta, a cavity; lympha,
water]. The cerebro-spinal fluid"

celiomyalgia (se-le-o-mi-aV -je-ah) [/coiXia, belly;
p.0s, muscle; &X70S, pain]. Pain in the abdominal
muscles.

celiomyitis, cceliomyitis (se-le-o-mi-i'-tis) [celia;
p.v%, muscle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the muscles of the abdomen.

celiomyodynia, cceliomyodynia (sele-o-mi-o-din'-
e-ah). See celiomyalgia.

celioncus (se-le-ong'-kus) [/coiXia, the belly; oyKos,
a swelling]. A tumor of the abdomen.

celioparacentesis (se-le-o-par-ah-sen-te'-sis) [koiXi'o,
belly; paracentesis]. Tapping, or paracentesis of the
abdomen.

CELIOPYOSIS

203

CELL

celiopyosis (se-le-o-pi-o'-sis) [/coiXi'a, belly; ttiWis,
a suppuration]. Suppuration in the abdominal
cavity.

celiorrhea (se-le-or-e'-ah) [/coiXia, the belly; peeiv,
to flow]. Diarrhea.

celioschisis (se-le-os'-kis-is). [celia; <rxi'<m, fissure]
Congenital abdominal fissure.

celioscope (se'-le-o-skop) [koXXos, a hollow; <jkottzIv,
to examine]. An apparatus for illuminating and
inspecting body-cavities.

celioscopy, ccelioscopy (se-le-os'-ko-pe). Kelling's
method of examining the peritoneal cavity by filling
it with sterile filtered air through a hollow needle,
plunging a trocar through the distended abdominal
wall, and passing through the trocar a cystoscope by
means of which the adjacent peritoneal surface may
be inspected.

celiotomy (se-le-ot'-o-me) [celia; tow, a cutting].
Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity.

celitis (se-li'-tis) [KoCKla, belly; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs.

cell (sel) [celia, a small, hollow cavity], i. A
granular mass of protoplasm containing a nucleus.
The typical adult cell consists of protoplasm or
cell-contents, a nucleus, and, within the latter, one
or more nucleoli. The cell may or may not have a
cell-wall. The protoplasm consists of two parts —
the spongioplasm and the hyaloplasm. The nucleus
is made up of a nuclear membrane, nuclear fibrils
(chromatin), and nuclear matrix (achromatin) . The
nucleolus is a highly refracting body the function of
which is not known. 2. A galvanic element or single
member of a galvanic battery without the connecting
wire between the metals, c, acid. Same as c,
adelomorphous, c, acidophil, one which attracts acid
dyes. Syn., oxyphil cell. c.s, adelomorphous,
epithelial cells composing the chief part of the lining
of the glands of the stomach, particularly the pyloric
region. They are supposed to secrete pepsinogen.
Syn., central cell; peptic cell, c, adventitial. 1. A
branched cell peculiar to the perithelium. 2. A stel-
late cell of the membrana propria of glands, c, air-.
See air-cell, c.s, amacrine, spongioblasts of the
inner nuclear layer of the retina; they lack long pro-
cesses, though sometimes axis-cylinder processes are
given off which may extend into the nerve-fiber layer.
The bodies of these cells are often partly in the
nner molecular layer, c, ameboid, a cell capable of
changing its form and of moving about like an
ameba. c, apolar, a nerve-cell without processes.
c. basket, a neuron from whose axis cylinder there
project fibrils which surround another cell, c,
beaker-. See c, goblet-, c, binary nerve-, two
pyriform nerve-cells contained in a single sheath and
each provided at its pointed end with a single nerve-
fiber; these radiate in opposite directions, c.-body,
the mass of a cell, c, bone-. See osteoblast, c,
brush-. See Deiters' cells, c.s, calcigerous. 1. Cells
containing earthy salts found in dentine. 2. Mueller
and Henle's name for the lacunae of bone and their
canaliculi. c.-capsule, a thick or unusually strong
cell-wall, c, central. Same as c, adelomorphous.
c.s, centroacinar, c.s, centroacinous, little cellular
masses found by Robert Langerhans in the inter-
stitial connective tissue of the pancreas. Syn.,
Langerhans' islets; Renaut's follicular points, c,
chromatophore, a cavity directly beneath the epi-
dermis containing pigment and changing its shape
and color by means of attached radiating muscular
bands, c, ciliated, one provided with cilia, c,
cleavage, a segmentation-cell, c, columnar, one
of the elongated cells forming columnar epithelium.
c.s, commissural. Same as c, heteromeral. c.-cones,
the cancer-nests of a squamous epithelioma — so
called from their conical shape, c, constant, the
galvanic element of a constant battery, c. of Corti.
See Corti's cell, c.-cover, the cuticular layer, c,
cover-. See c, tegmental, c, cylindrical, a variety
of epithelial cell shaped like a miniature cylinder.
c, cytochrome, a nerve-cell having a cell-body very-
small in proportion to its nucleus, c, daughter-,
a cell originating from the division of the protoplasm
of a mother-cell, c.s, decidual, a proliferation of
young connective-tissue cells above the uterine glands
taking place after the ovum is impregnated, c. of
Deiters. See Deiters' cells, c.s, delomorphous,
Rollet's name for granular cells which stain deeply,
occurring next the basement-membrane in the glands
of the stomach in the cardiac region. They are
supposed to secrete acid, c.s, demilune, granular

protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands, lying
between the mucous cells and the basement-mem-
brane. Syn., cells of Gianuzzi. c, dentine, c, denti-
nal. 1. An odontoblast. 2. One of the lacunae in
dentine similar to those in bone. 3. One of the
bodies forming the matrix- in dentine, c.-division.
See karyokinesis. c.-doctrine, the theory that the
cell is the unit of organic structure, and that cell-
formation is the essential process of life and its
phenomena, c, elementary, an embryonic cell;
also a leukocyte, c, embryo, c, embryonic, one
arising from the division of the ovum. Syn., ele-
mentary cell; formative cell; primary cell; primitive
cell; primordial cell, c.s, embryoplastic, cells origi-
nating from the mesoblast and becoming stellate or
fusiform; they comprise the fixed connective-tissue
corpuscles in developing connective tissue. Syn.,
fibroplastic bodies or cells, c.s, endothelial, flat cells
found on the inner surface of vessels and spaces
that do not communicate directly with the external
air. c.j epidermic, c, epithelial. See epithelium.
c, epithelioid, one of the flattened cells forming an
epithelial or endothelial covering in forms of mem-
branous connective tissue, c.s, ethmoid, the cellular
cavities of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone.
Syn., ethmoid sinuses, c, external ciliated. See
Corti's cell, c, fiber-, a cell elongated into a fiber.
c, fibriUated. 1. See Heidenhain's rods. 2. One
of the fibrillated cells lining the interlobular ducts of
the salivary glands, c.-fission, cell-division, c.s,
follicular. 1. Those of which the membrana granu-
losa is composed. 2. See Sertoli's columns, c,
formative. Same as c, embryonic, c.s, Foule's. See
Foule's cells, c, fusiform, a spindle-cell, c,
ganglion-, a large nerve-cell, especially that found
in the spinal ganglia, c, germinal, an epiblastic
cell from which a neurone is derived, c, giant-,
large multinuclear cells occurring in tuberculosis and
other infectious granulomata, in bone, in giant-cell
tumors, etc. c. of Gianuzzi. See c.s, demilune.
c.s, glia-, neuroglia, c.-globulins, Halliburton's
name for forms of globulin that occur in lymph-
corpuscles and can be extracted from them by solu-
tions of sodium chloride, c, goblet-, an epithelial
cell that has been bulged out like a goblet by the
presence of mucin, c.s, Golgi's. See Colgi's cells.
c, Grove. See Grove's cell, c, guard. See guard.
c, gustatory, a taste cell, c, hair. See hair, c,
hecateromeric, c, hecatomeral, a nerve-cell of the
cinerea of the spinal cord whose processes divide into
two, one going to each side of the cord, c, heckle,
a prickle-cell, c.s, Heidenhain's. 1. See c.s, delo-
morphous. 2. See c.s, adelomorphous, c, hetero-
meral, c, heteromeric, a nerve-cell in the cinerea
of the spinal cord, the axons of which pass through
one of the commissures and enter the white matter
of the other side of the cord. Syn., commissural cell.
c, histogenetic wandering, a migratory connective-
tissue cell or glandular cell; a wandering cell that is
not a leukocyte, c.s, horn-, c.s, horny, those com-
prising the stratum corneum of the epidermis; they
are homogeneous cells containing keratin, and are
modified to form nails, hoofs, hair, etc. c.s, imbri-
cated, those overlapping like roof -tiles, c, indiffer-
ent, a cell found in the walls the neural tube, c-
islets, the centers of most active growth in young
cellular tissues. They contain the stores of nutri-
ment that are gradually dissolved and digested.
c.s, v. Koelliker's. See v. Koelliker's cell, c.s, v.
Koelliker's tract-. See v. Koelliker's tract-cells.
c.s, liver-, nucleated polyhedral or spheroidal cells
containing granules of glycogen and pigment and
more or less fat, forming the glandular substance of
the liver, c, locomotive, one endowed with power
of movement, especially a ciliated cell, c, lymphoid,
a small, round, connective-tissue cell containing a
relatively large nucleus, c, marrow, an osteoblast.
c.s, mast-, leukocytes containing coarse basophile
granules. They are occasionally present in the
peripheral circulation as the result of certain patho-
logical influences, but are totally foreign to the normal
blood of man. They are commonly found in the
splenomedullary type of leukemia. The granules of
the mast-cell show an intense affinity for basic
aniline dyes, toward which they react metachro-
matically. In view of their distinctive behavior
toward selective stains for mucin, Harris suggests for
the mast-cell the term mucinoblast. c, mastoid, one
of the hollow air-spaces in the structure of the mastoid
process, c.s, medullary. 1. Marrow-cells. 2. The

CELL

204

CELLULITIS

ameboid cells of cartilage-bone. C, mother-, a cell
that divides its protoplasm and gives each part
a new cell-wall, c, motor, a nerve-cell generating
impulses, c, mucin-, c, mucous, c, mucus-, a cell
which secretes mucus, particularly a kind of salivary
cell secreting mucus, but no albumin, c.-multi-
plication, cytogenesis, a name given to the process of
reproduction of cells. It may be direct, as when a
cell constricts and cuts off a part of itself, or indirect,
when the division is preceded by the cycle of nuclear
changes known as karyokinesis. c.s, muscle-, a
general term for cells the substance of which is
contractile, c, myeloid, i. See myeloplax. 2. Ap-
plied, from its resemblance to a cell of the red marrow
of bone, to one of the oval multinuclear cells of mye-
loid tumors, c, naked, one unprovided with a cell-
wall, c.-nests, a collection of epithelial cells closely
packed together and surrounded by a connective-
tissue stroma. Cell-nests are found in carcinoma.
c, neuroglia, one of the cells of the neuroglia; flat,
round cells, especially numerous about blood-vessels
and the pia mater, c, neutrophil. See c, acidophil.
■c., nuclear, a nucleated dendritic nerve-cell, c,
nucleated, a cell containing one or more nuclei.
Syn., karyota. c.-nucleus, the cytoblast; the areola.
•c.s, oxyntic. See c.s, delomorphous. c, oxyphil.
See c, acidophil, c.s, palatine, the cells formed
by the junction of the palatine and ethmoid bones,
c, parietal. Same as c, delmorphous. c, peptic.
Same as c, adelomorphous, c, pigmented, one
containing granules of pigment, c, pillar, a peculiar
S-shaped cell with a striated body, found in the
organ of Corti. c.s, plasma-. 1. (Of Unna.)
Cubic or rhombic cells, the protoplasm of which
stains deeply with methylene-blue, while the nucleus,
which has usually an eccentric situation, is readily
decolorized (by creosote or styrone). They are
probably derived from lymphocytes, and play an
important part in inflammatory reactions, especially
in granulomatous processes. 2. (Of Waldeyer.)
Nucleated cells of varying size and shape, with
voluminous, coarsely granular protoplasm, found in
connective tissue, especially about the blood-vessels.
c.-plate. 1. The equatorial plate in which division
of the nucleus occurs during karyokinesis. 2. (Of
Strasburger.) The equatorial thickening of the
spindle-fibers from which the septum arises during
the mitosis of plant-cells, c.-plate, subendothelial,
a small granular cell of unknown function occurring
in the intima of blood-vessels, c, polar. See under
polar, c, porous. 1. One containing an opening
in the side. 2. A porous jar containing one of the
liquids of a galvanic battery, c, prickle-. See
prickle-cell, c, primary. 1. An embryonic cell.
2. Any undifferentiated cell, c, protective. See
c, tegmental, c.s, pseudoplasma, cells found in
normal human spleen and differing from plasma-cells
in that they are larger, and possess twisted nuclei
which do not present the characteristic chromatin
arrangement. They appear to be a variety of large
mononuclear leukocyte, the protoplasm of which has
become basophilic, c.s, Ranvier's. See Ranvier's
cells, c, roof. 1. See c, tegmental. 2. One found
on the convexity formed by the junction of the two
rows of arches in the organ of Corti. c, salivary,
one of those forming the lining of the alveoli of
the salivary glands, c.-sap, the more fluid part of
the cell-contents, c, sarcogenic, an embryonic
cell which develops into a muscular fiber, c, seg-
mentation. See blastomere. c.s, sense-, c.s, sen-
sory, those adapted for the reception and trans-
mission of sensory impressions, c.s, sensory epi-
thelial, modified epithelial cells in an organ of sense
connected with the fibrils of the nerves of that organ.
c, sensory nerve-, a nerve-cell the axis-cylinder pro-
cess of which is supposed to be continued as a sensory
nerve, c, septate, one with a septum across its
lumen, c, serous fat-, a fat-cell occurring in emaci-
ated individuals, in which the fat is reduced to a few
small globules and in its place there is a pale proto-
plasm mixed with a mucoid fluid; the cell is no longer
spherical, c, simple, one which has not undergone
differentiation, c, sister-, one formed simul-
taneously with another in the division of a mother-
cell, c, Sorby tubercular. See Sorby's cell, c-
spaces. See Recklinghausen's canals, c., sperm,
a spermatozoon; a spermatoblast, c, spider-. See
Deiters' cells, c, spindle-, a cell having a fusiform
shape, c, spiral fiber-, a motor cell of the heart,
having a spiral fiber coiled around a larger straight

one. These separate, after a short distance, pro-
ceeding in different directions. The cell constantly
disengages the excitation which the spiral fiber
transmits to the heart-muscle. Syn., Beale's cell;
spiral fiber ganglion-cell, c.s, splanchnic, those of the
splanchnic layer of the mesoderm, c.s, squamous, a
variety of epithelial cells found on the surface of the
skin and certain mucous membranes and charac-
terized by their scale-like flatness, c.-stations, cells
in the sympathetic ganglion around which the nerve-
fibers arborize, c, sterile, one occurring in a repro-
ductive organ, but not participating in reproductive
processes, c.s, Stilling's. See Sailing's cells, c.s,
stroma, those forming the mass of an organ, c,
swarm, a naked ciliated cell, c, sympathetic, a
nerve-cell of the sympathetic nervous system as
distinguished from one of the cerebrospinal system.
c, tapetal, c, tapetum, one which forms or aids
others in forming an investment over an organ.
c, taste, a spindle-shaped cell in taste-buds, c,
tegmental, one covering and protecting another cell
of special function, as, e. g., those forming the outer
layer of the taste-buds. Syn., cover-cell, c.-theory,
the doctrine that cell-formation is the essential
biogenetic element, c, twin, a single cell resulting
from the fusion of two cells, c, two-fluid, a galvanic
element in which two fluids are used, c, vasofactive,
c, vasoformative, a cell that anastomoses with other
similar cells so as to form blood-vessels, c.s, vortex,
Meyer's term for cortex cells which show a peculiar
whorl-like and very regular arrangement of the
chromophilic material, c.-wall, the membrane
surrounding a cell, c, wandering, a leukocyte.
c, whip-, a cell furnished with flagella. c, zinc-
carbon, a galvanic cell in which zinc and carbon are
the two elements employed, c, zinc-copper, a
galvanic cell in which zinc and copper are the elements
employed.

cella (sel'-ah) [L.]. 1. A cell. 2. A portion of
the paracele extending caudad from the porta.
c. lateralis, the lateral ventricle of the brain, or one
of its cornua. c. media, the central cornu of the
lateral ventricle, or that part of the ventricle whence
the cornua extend, c, turcica. See sella turcica.
c. of Wilder. Same as c. media.

cellasin (sel'-as-iri). Trade name of a ferment
which is said to split sugar, starch, fat and peptone.

celliferous (sel-if'-er-us) [cella, cell; ferre, to bear].
Producing, forming, or bearing cells.

celloid (sel'-oid) [cella, a cell; eUos, form]. Re-
sembling a cell.

celloidin (sel-oid'-in) [cell; elSos, form]. A con-
centrated form of collodion for use in embedding
objects for histological purposes.

cellotropin {sel-ot'-ro-pin). Monobenzoyl arbutin,
obtained from the action of benzoyl chloride upon
arbutin in neutral solution. Used in the treatment
of tuberculosis and scrofula.

cellula (sel'-u-lah). See cellule.

cellular (sel'-u-lar) [cella, cell]. Relating to or
composed of cells, c. cartilage, cartilage composed
mainly of large cells, with but little intercellular
substance, c. membrane, c. tissue, areolar tissue;
bony connective tissue; cancellous tissue, c. path-
ology. See pathology, cellular, c. therapy, the name
applied by Aulde to the method in therapeutics of
exhibiting properly-selected medicaments with a
view to restoration of cell-function. It aims to
apply scientifically those remedies that experience
has shown to possess special curative properties in
the restoration of disordered functions.

cellule (sel'-iil) [cellula, a small cell]. A small
cell.

cellulic {sel'-u-lik). Relating to cells; derived from
cell-walls by action of acids or alkalies.

cellulicidal (sel-u-lis' -id-al) [cellule; ccedere, to
kill]. Destructive to cells.

celluliferous (sel-u-lif-er-us) [cellula, a little cell;
ferre, to bear]. In biology, producing small cells.

cellulifugal (sel-u-lif'-u-gal) [cellule; fugere, to flee].
Pertaining to the transmission of impulses from a
nerve-cell.

cellulipetal {sel-u-lip' -e-tal) [cellule; petere, to seek].
Relating to the transmission of impulses toward a
nerve-cell.

cellulitis (sel-u-li'-tis) [cellule; ins, inflammation],
a diffuse inflammation of cellular tissue. Syn.,
ethmyphytis. c, ischiorectal, inflammation of the
cellular tissue lying below the anal levator muscle
or anal fascia, c, pelvic. See parametritis, c,

CELLULOADIPOSE

205

CENTER

pneumococcous, that due to the invasion of pneu-
mococci.

celluloadipose {sel-u-lo-ad' -ip-oz) . Relating to
loose connective tissue containing fat-cells.

cellulocutaneous (sel-u-lo-ku-ta'-ne-us) [cellule;
cutis, skin]. Relating to cellular tissue and the skin.

cellulofibrinous {sel-u-lo-fi'-brin-us). Both cellular
and fibrinous.

celluloid {sel'-u-loid) [cellula, a little cell; eiSos,
form]. A product of the action of camphor upon
pyroxylin.

cellulosa {sel-u-lo'-sah) [L.]. A cellular coat.
c. chorioideae, the external layer of the choroid coat
of the eye.

cellulose {sel'-u-los) [cellule], C12H20O10. Wood-
fiber; lignose, the principal ingredient of the cell-
membranes of all plants. It is a white, amorphous
mass, insoluble in most of the usual solvents, c,
reagent for. See Schultze, Schweitzer.

cellulosity {sel-u-los'-e-te). The condition of being
cellular.

celology {sel-ol'-o-je) [^77X77, hernia; X670S, science].
That branch of surgical science that treats of hernia.

celom, celoma {se'-lom, se-lo'-mah) [wiXwjua, a
cavity]. The embryonic body-cavity.

celophlebitis {se-lo-fle-bi'-tis) [koIXos, hollow;
<t>\e\//, vein; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
vena cava.

celophthalmia {se-loff-thal' -me-ah) [noTKos, hollow;
dipdaX/jLos, eye]. Hollowness of the eyes.

celoscope {se'-lo-skop) [koIXos, hollow; anoirelv, to
observe]. An instrument for examining a cavity
of the body by means of the electric light, enclosed
in a flask and mounted upon a glass shank.

celosis {se-lo'-sis) [koIXos, hollow]. The forma-
tion of any cavity, c, endocytic, the formation of a
cavity within a cell, c, paracytic, the formation
of a cavity between cells.

celosoma (se-lo-so'-mah) [koIXos, hollow; acbfia, the
body]. A species of single autositic monsters char-
acterized by more or less extensive body-cleft, with
eventration, associated with various anomalies of
the extremities, of the genitourinary apparatus, of
the intestinal tract, and even of the whole trunk.

celosomia {se-lo-so' -me-ah) [ktjXij, hernia; acbfia,
body]. Congenital protrusion of the viscera, with
defect of the thoracic or abdominal walls.

celosomus (se-lo-so'-mus) [K17X??, a hernia; aibfia, the
body]. A monster with fissure or absence of the
sternum and hernia of the thoracic or abdominaL
organ.

celostomia (se-lo-sto'-me-ah) [koIXos, hollow; ctoho.*
mouth]. Hollowness of the voice.

celotome {se'-lo-tom) [/ojX??, hernia; rkiiveiv, to cut].
A hernia-knife.

celotomy (se-lot'-o-me) [K17X77, hernia; rkuveiv, to-
cut]. The operation for strangulated hernia by
incision of the stricture.

Cels. Abbreviation for Celsius; the Celsius scale
of the thermometer.

Celsius scale [Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer,.
1701-1744]. A term sometimes (but erroneously)
employed for the centigrade scale on the thermo-
meter. It is the reverse of the centigrade scale,
having the freezing-point at ioo° and the boiling
point at o°.

Celsus' area {sel'-sus) [Aulus Cornelius Celsusr
Roman physician and writer, 1st century, A.D.].
Alopecia areata. C.'s chancre, the soft chancre or
chancroid. C.'s kerion, suppurating ringworm, a
pustular inflammation of the hair-follicles of the
scalp in tinea tonsurans. C.'s papules, a form of
acute papular eczema (lichen agrius).

cement (se-ment') [ccementum, a rough stone].
1. Any plastic material capable of becoming hard
and of binding together the objects that are con-
tiguous to it. 2. Filling-material for the teeth.
3. The crusta petrosa of the teeth, c.-substance,
the substance holding together the endothelial cells
of the intima of blood-vessels.

cementation {sem-en-ta' -shun) [cement]. 1. A pro-
cess of causing a chemical change in a substance by
surrounding it with the powde. of other substances
and exposing the whole to red heat in a closed vessel
for a length of time. 2. In biology, the concrescence
of hyphae.

cementinification {se-men-tin-e-fik-a'-shun). The
formation of cementum about the dental root.

cementoblast {se-ment' -o-blast) [ccementum, cement;
/3Xacrros, germ]. A cement-corpuscle in tooth-tissue;

more correctly, an osteoblast that takes part in the
development of the dental cement.

cementodentinary {se-ment' -o-den'-tin-a-re) [cce-
mentum, cement; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Relating to
the cement and dentine of a tooth.

cementoma {se-ment-o'-mah) [ccementum, cement;
o/ia, tumor; pi., cementomata], A tumor thrown out
by the irritated alveolar periosteum.

cementoperiostitis {se-men-to-per-e-os-U'-tis). Same
as pyorrhoea alveolaris.

cementosis {sem-en-to' -sis) . The development of
a cementoma.

cementum {se-ment' -um) . A layer of bone de-
veloped by ossification of the dental follicle over the
root of the tooth. It differs from ordinary bone by
the greater number of Sharpey's fibers in it. Its
development begins on the milk-teeth during the
fifth month.

cenadelphus, coenadelphus {sen-a-del'-fus) [noivbs,
common; d5eX<£6s, a brother]. A double monster
with the halves equally developed or having one or
more vital organs in common.

cenencephalocele {sen-en-sef-aV -o-sel) [nevos, emp-
ty; 67«:e0aXos, brain; K17X77, tumor]. A protrusion
of pure brain substance through a cranial fissure.

cenesthesia, censesthesia {sen-es-the' -ze-ah) [kwos,
destitute; atadrjaia, perception]. Hysterical loss of
consciousness of identity.

cenesthesis {sen-es-the' -sis) [noivbs, common;
aladria-is, feeling]. A sense of existence, either pain-
ful or pleasurable. It is the prevailing conscious
state of feeling, either of depression or of exaltation,
which is the resultant of the subconscious organic
sympathies of the whole organism. It does not
exceed physiological limits so long as it does not
exclude the normal exercise of mental functions.

cenesthetic, coenesthetic {sen-es-thef -ik) . Relating
to cenesthesis.

cenogenesis, cenogeny. See kenogenesis.

cenophobia. See kenophobia.

cenosis {sen-o'-sis) [Kevacns, a draining]. 1. Eva-
cuation; apocenosis. 2. Inanition.

cenotic {sen-ot'-ik) [ickvuais, a draining]. 1. Caus-
ing cenosis; drastic; purgative. 2. A drastic drug
or agent.

Cent. Abbreviation for centigrade and centimeter.

Centaurea {sen-taw' -re-ah) [nkvTavpos, centaur],
A genus of composite-flowered herbs. See carduus.

centaury {sen'-taw-re) [centaurea]. A popular
name for various plants of the genera Centaurea,
Erythrcea, Sabbatia, Chlora, etc., especially Erythrcea
centaurium, which is used as a simple, bitter tonic.
Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc.) in decoction several times a
day.

center {sen'-ter) [centrum, the center]. 1. The
middle point of any surface or of a body. 2. The
ganglion or plexus whence issue the nerves controlling
a function, c, accelerating, a center in the medulla
sending accelerating fibers to the heart. These
leave the cord through the branches of communica-
tion of the lower cervical and upper six dorsal nerves,,
passing thence into the sympathetic, c, anovesical*.
one in the spinal cord near the point of origin of the
third and fourth sacral nerves. Incontinence of
urine and feces is due to paralysis of this center-
c, arm, the cortical center controlling the move-
ment of the arm, supposed to be in the cortex
occupying the middle third of the anterior cen-
tral gyrus as well as the base of the superior and
middle frontal gyri. c, articulate language, the
speech-coordinating center, which is supposed to
include Broca's gyrus, the anterior gyri of the
insular, the intervening cortical area, the supra-
marginal gyrus, the first temporal gyrus, and the
angular gyrus. c, association. See association.
c, auditory, a center in the first temporosphenoid
convolution upon each side, c, Broca's. See c,
speech, c, cardiac. 1. One in the lower cervicai
and upper dorsal portions of the spinal cord which
controls the movements of the heart. 2. That
portion of the oblongata embracing the cardio-
accelerator and cardioinhibitory centers, c, cardio-
accelerator, that of the spinal cord which through
the cardiac nerves and plexus sends impulses to the
heart, causing it to beat more rapidly. These
impulses are not constantly emitted, as are the
inhibitory impulses which travel by the pneumo-
gastric. c, cardioinhibitory, in the medulla, efferent
impulses being carried by the vagus, c, cerebral
inspiratory, one said to exist in the thalamus, which

CENTER

206

CENTRAL

by direct stimulation causes deeper and more rapid
inspirations. c.? cerebrospinal, the cerebrospinal
axis, c, ciliospinal, connected with the dilatation of
the pupil; it is in the lower cervical part of the cord,
and extends downward, from the first to the third
dorsal, c, color, a center for perception of colors,
said to be situated in the occipital cortex anterior
to the apical region, c, convulsional, a hypothetical
center said to lie in the floor of the fourth ventricle.
c, coordinating, the cerebellum, the ganglia at
the base of the brain, and in some degree the cinerea
of the spinal cord, are regarded as controlling co-
ordination, c, cortical, the parts of the cerebral
cortex concerned in motor, sensory, and psychic
functions, c, coughing, in the medulla, above the
inspiratory center, c, deglutition. See c, swallow-
ing, c, deputy, a secondary ganglion-cell in the
spinal cord; also a nucleus of one of the cranial nerves.
c, diabetic, in the posterior part of the anterior half
of the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the median
line, c, epiotic, the ossification center of the mastoid
portion of the temporal bone, c, erection. See
c, genitourinary, c, excitomotor, the sensitive
centers of the brain considered as one; these are the
crura, the pons, the oblongata, the deeper parts of
the cerebellum, and the corpora quadrigemina.
c.s, facial movement, one in the ascending frontal
gyrus and one in the angular gyrus, c, genitouri-
nary, one in the lumbar poition of the spinal cord,
but controlled from the medulla, controlling erection
of the penis and emission of semen, c, glycogenic,
the diabetic center, c, half-vision, one in the apex
of the occipital lobe, receiving impressions from
corresponding halves of the two retinae, c, head and
neck movement, one in the posterior end of the second
frontal gyrus and in the corresponding part of the
first frontal gyrus, c, heat-regulating, c, tempera-
ture, the center for the control of body-temperature.
See c, thermotaxic. c, higher visual, one regarded
as lying in the angular gyrus, in which there is
effected a combination of the impressions received
from the half -vision centers, making a complete
image, c, Hitzig's. See Hitzig's center, c.s of
inhibition, c.s, inhibitory. See c.s of moderation.
c, inspiratory, i. A reflex center in the oblongata
forming part of the respiratory center. 2. See c,
cerebral inspiratory. 3. A reflex center in the post-
geminum. c, intracardiac, three small nerve-
ganglia connected with the cardiac plexus, to which
is due the automatic beating of the heart after
separation from the body, c, kinesthetic, one in
the third left frontal convolution presiding over the
motor element in speech, c, laryngeal cortical, one
in the posterior end of the inferior frontal gyrus, c,
leg, one in the upper portion of the ascending frontal
convolution, c. for mastication and sucking, one
in the medulla, c, median (of Luys). See Luys,
nucleus of. c, medullary. 1. The interior white
matter of the cerebral hemispheres. 2. See c,
neural, c.s of moderation, c.s, moderator, nervous
centers in the spinal cord and the cerebral peduncle
which restrain, generally by reflex action, various
functions of the body, c, motor, a nervous center
•controlling motion, c, musculotonic, that which
is continually discharging impulses which keep the
muscular system in a condition of slight contraction.
It is regarded by some as a special center of the
cord, but it is questionable whether this condition
is attributable to any special center rather than to
the action of all those cells whose function it is to
send out motor impulses, c, nerve-, c, nervous,
any group of nerve-cells acting in unison for the
performance of some function, c, neural, in the
embryo, that part of the epiblast ultimately de-
veloping into the brain and spinal cord, c, nutrition.
See c, trophic, c, olfactory, probably in the hippo-
campal region of the temporal lobe, c, opisthotic,
the center of ossification of petrous bone. Huxley's
name for the part of the periotic cartilage surrounding
the fenestra rotunda and the cochlea, c. of ossi-
fication, the place in bones at which ossification begins.
c, parenchymatous nerve-, Korner's name for a
nerve-cell existing in the substance of an organ and
controlling its action, c, parturition, in the spinal
cord, at the level of the first and second lumbar
vertebrae, c, peristaltic, one in the oblongata
controlling peristalsis, c, phonation. See c, laryn-
geal cortical, c, psychomotor, that portion of the
cortex from which motor impulses originate, c,
psychosmic, the olfactory center, c, reflex, any

nerve-cell of group of cells in the brain, cord, or
ganglionic system which receives an impression
through centripetal nerve-fibers and transforms it
into an impulse which is transmitted through centri-
fugal nerve-fibers, c, respiratory, in the medulla,
between the nuclei of the vagus and accessorius.
c. for secretion of saliva, on the floor of the fourth
ventricle, c, Setschenow's. See Setschenow's cen-
ter, c, sneezing, in the medulla, c, spasm, in
the medulla, at its junction with the pons, c,
speech, in the third left frontal convolution in right-
handed people; probably the island of Reil has some
influence also, c, sudoral. See c, sweat, c,
supreme, Spitzka's name for the cortical centers of
the brain as a whole, c, swallowing, on the floor
of the fourth ventricle, c, sweat, the dominating
center is in the medulla, with subordinate centers in
the spinal cord. c, tactile, one for the sense of
touch, located by Ferrier in the hippocampus and
the gyrus hippocampus, c, thermal cortical, one
discovered in the cerebral cortex of the dog, stimu-
lation of which caused a change in the temperature
of the opposite limbs, c, thermoexcito-, c, thermo-
genic. 1 . A hypothetical center of the cord concerned
in the changes in body-temperature. 2. The mesial
portion of the striatum and the parts directly beneath
it. c, thermotaxic, six heat-regulating cerebral
centers; of the four principal centers, one is located
in the caudatum, one in the subjacent cinerea, one
in the cinerea surrounding the most anterior portion
of the third ventricle, and one at the anterior inner
extremity of the thalamus, c, trophic, a nerve-
center regulating nutrition, c, upper, for dilator
pupillae, in the medulla, c.s, vascular, c.s, vaso-
constrictor, centers in the cord controlling the
contractility of the smaller blood-vessels, c, vaso-
dilator, in the medulla, c, vasomotor, in the me-
dulla, c, visual, in the occipital lobe, especially
in the cuneus. c, vomiting, an area in the oblongata
concerned in the reflex act of vomiting; stimulation
of the terminal filaments of the vagi excites its action.
c, winking, the reflex center concerned in winking,
situated in the oblongata, c.s, word-. 1. One in
the left superior temporosphenoid gyrus controlling
the perception of words heard. 2. A center in the
posterior part of the left parietal lobe and one in the
second left frontal gyrus governing the perception of
printed or written words.

centering (sen'-ter-ing) [center]. In microscopy,
the arrangement of an object or an accessory so
that its center coincides with the optical axis of the
microscope. In optics, having the pupil and the
optic center of the refracting lens in the same axis.

centesimal (sen-les'-im-al) [centum, a hundred].
In the proportion of 1 to 100.

centesis (sen-te'-sis) [kcpttjo-is, a pricking]. Punc-
ture; perforation.

centi- (sen-ti-) [centum], A prefix meaning one
hundred.

centifidous (sen-tif'-id-us) [centi-; finder e, to split].
Cleft into many or 100 parts.

centigrade (sen'-te-grad) [centi-; gradus, a step].
Having 100 divisions or degrees. Abbreviation, C.
c. thermometer, a thermometer with zero as the
freezing-point and ioo° as the boiling-point of water.
See under thermometer.

centigram, centigramme {sen'-te-gram) [centi-;
yp&nna, a small weight]. The hundredth part of a
gram, equal to 0.154328 grain troy.

centiliter (sen'-til-e-ter) [centi-; \irpa, a pound].
The hundredth part of a liter, equal to 0.6102 of a
cubic inch.

centimeter (sen'-tim-e-ter) [centi-; . pkrpov, a
measure]. The hundredth part of a meter, equal to
0.3937 (or about f) of an inch.

centinormal {sen-te-nor'-mal) [centi-; norma, nor-
mal]. The itb of the normal; applied to a solution
the iita of the strength of a normal solution.

centrad {sen'-trad) [centrum; ad, to]. 1. Toward
the center, or toward the median line. 2. An
angular measure, one hundredth of a radian; about
o.S7°.

central (sen'-lral) [centrum]. Relating to the
center; passing through the center, c. artery, an
artery in the optic nerve and retina; it passes to the
optic papilla and then divides. See under artery.
c. fissure, the fissure of Rolando, c. ganglia, the
corpora striata and optic thalami. c. ligament,
the terminal filum of the spinal cord. c. lobe, the
island of Reil.

CENTRALITY

207

CEPHALIZATION

centrality (sen-tral'-it-e). Applied to the condi-
tion of nervous phenomena originating in the central
nervous system and not in the peripheral nerves.

centraphose, centrophose (sen'-trah-fcz, sen'-lro-
foz). See under phose.

centraxonial (sen-traks-o'-ne-aV) [nkvTpov, center;
a£wv, axis]. In biology, having a central axial line.

centre (sen'-ter). See center.

centren (sen'-tren) [centrum, a center]. Belonging
solely to a center.

centric (sen'-trik) [centrum]. Relating to a center,
especially to a nerve-center.

centricipital (sen-tris-ip'-it-al) [centrum, center;
caput, a head]. Relating to the centriciput; parietal.
c. vertebra, the second or more central of the three
principal cranial vertebrae.

centriciput (sen-tris'-ip-ut) [centrum, center; caput,
head]. The mid-head; the second cranial segment
situated between the sinciput and occiput.

centrifugal (sen-trif'-u-gal) [centrum; fugere, to
flee]. Receding from the center to the periphery.
c. force, the force by which a revolving body tends
to fly off at the periphery, c. machine, one by which
tubes of liquid are rapidly revolved for the purpose
of driving particles floating in the liquid to the
distal ends of the tubes.

centrifugalization (sen-trif-u-gal-iz-a' -shun) [see
centrifugal]. The use of a centrifuge.

centrifugalized milk. Milk from which the cream
has been separated by whirling it in a centrifugal
machine.

centrifuge (sen1 '-trif-uf) [see centrifugal], i. A
centrifugal machine; an apparatus for separating
substances by centrifugal force. 2. To submit to
the action of a centrifuge.

centriole (sen'-tre-ol) [centrum]. Boveri's term for
a minute body, central horn, contained within the
centrosome; in some cases it is not distinguishable
from the latter.

centripetal (sen-trip' -et-al) [centrum; peter e, to
seek]. Traveling toward the center from the peri-
phery.

centro- (sen-tro-) [centrum]. A prefix meaning
central.

centroacinal, or centroacinar (sen-tro-as'-in-al, or
cen-tro-as'-in-ar) [centrum, center; acinus, a grape].
Belonging to the center of an acinus, c. cells are
found in the acini of the pancreas, etc.

centrodesmus (sen-tro-des'-mus) [centro-; Sea/xos,
a band]. Heidenhain's term for the band primarily
connecting the centrosomes and giving rise to the
central spindle.

centrodontous (sen-tro-don'-tus) [nkvrpov, a sharp
point; 68ovs, a tooth]. Furnished with sharp-pointed
teeth.

centrodorsal (sen-tro-dor'-sal). Pertaining to the
central dorsal region.

centrolecithal (sen-tro-les'-iih-aV) [centro-; \eici6os,
yolk]. In embryology, having the food-yolk located
centrally.

centronucleus (sen-tro-nu'-kle-us). Same as amphi-
nucleus.

centrophose (sen'-tro-foz) [nevrpov, center; <£«s,
light]. See under phose.

centroplasm (sen'-tro-plazm). The protoplasm of
the centrosphere; the archoplasm.

centrosclerosis, centro-osteosclerosis (sen-tro-skler-
o'-sis, sen-tro-os-te-o-skler-o'-sis) [centro-; sclerosis].
Osteosclerosis of the central cavities of bones.

centrosome (sen'-tro-som) [centro-; a&na, body].
1. A highly refractive body lying in the protoplasm
of the ovum and other cells, and taking an active
part in cell-division. Syn., pole-capsule. 2. An
organ of the cell, usually diminutive, lying within
the nucleus or near by in the cytoreticulum. It is
regarded as the especial organ of cell-division, and
in this sense as the dynamic center of the cell. Syn.,
attraction-particle; daughter -periplast; polar corpuscle.
c.s, quadrille of, the conjugation of paternal with
maternal centrosomes, based upon the view that each
germ-cell contributes a centrosome that divides into
two daughter-centrosomes. Syn., quadrille of centers.

centrosphere (sen'-tro-sfer). See sphere of attraction.

centrostaltic (sen-tro-stal'-tik) [centro-; ordXais,
constriction]. Relating to the action of nervous force
in a spinal center, c. motion, the motion of nervous
force in the spinal center.

centrostigma (sen-tro-stig'-mah) [Kkvrpov, center;
ariyna, a point]. In morphology, having all the
axes converging to a central point.

centrum (sen'-trum) [L.]. 1. The center or middle
part; the body of a vertebra, exclusive of the bases
of the neural arches. 2. A spine; a pointed pro-
jection, c. cinereum, the gray commissure of the
spinal cord. c. commune, the solar plexus, c.
geminum, the capsula. c. ovale majus, the large
mass of white matter appearing when either of the
cerebral hemispheres is cut down to the level of the
corpus callosum. c. ovale minus, the white matter
appearing when the upper part of a hemisphere of
the brain is removed, c. ovale Vieussenii, the central
white matter seen on making a section of the brain
at the level of the upper surface of the callosum.
Syn., centrum medullar e; centrum ovale majus et
minus; centrum semiovale Vieussenii; centrum ovale
of Vicq d'Azyr; medulla; tegmentum ventriculorum.
c. rubrum. See nucleus tegmenti. c. tendineum,
the central tendon of the diaphragm.

cephaeline (sef-a'-el-in). See emetine.

cephaelis (sef-a'-el-is). See ipecacuanha.

cephal- (sef-al-). See cephalo-.

cephalad (sef'-al-ad) [cephal-; ad, to]. Toward
the head.

cephalagra (sef-al-ag'-rah) [neQak-h, head; aypa,
seizure]. Gouty headache.

cephalalgia (sef-al-al'-je-ah) [cephal-; akyos, pain].
Headache.

cephalalgic (sef-al-al'-jik) [*:e<£aXi7, head; akyos,
pain]. Relating to headache.

cephalanthin (sef-al-an' -thin) . See under cephal-
anthus.

Cephalanthus (sef-al-an' -thus) [cephal-; av6m, a
flower]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. C. occi-
dentalis is the button-bush or crane-willow of North
America; its bitter bark is laxative and tonic and is
used in periodic fevers and paralysis. The bark
contains cephalin, cephaletin, and a toxic principle
cephalanthin, which, according to Mohrberg, causes
.destruction of the red blood-corpuscles, vomiting,
convulsions, and paralysis.

cephalea (sef-al-e'-ah) [Ke<f>a\aia, headache]. Head-
ache; especially severe or chronic headache, with
intolerance of light and sound.

cephaledema, cephaloedema (sef-al-e-de'-mah)
[cephal-; olSelv, to swell]. Edema of the head;
cerebral edema.

cephalemia (sef-al-e' -me-ah) [/cec£aXi7, head; alp.a,
blood]. An abnormal determination of blood to the
head.

cephalhematocele (sef-al-hem-at'-o-seT) [cephal-;
hematocele]. A hematocele situated beneath the
scalp, and communicating with a dural sinus, c,
Stromeyer's. See Stromeyer's cephalhematocele.

cephalhematoma (sef-al-hem-at-o'-mah) [cephal-;
hematoma]. 1. A collection of blood beneath the
pericranium, forming a tumor-like swelling. 2. Caput
succedaneum. c, external, an effusion between the
pericranium and the skull, c, internal, an effusion
between the dura and the skull.

cephalhematometer (sef-al-hem-at-om'-et-ur) [«<£-
aXj), the head; alp.a, blood; fierpov, a measure].
An apparatus for the estimation of the increase or
diminishment of the amount of blood within an
animal's head.

cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hi'-dro-sel) [Ke<pa\v, head;
vSup, water; ktjXtj, tumor]. Effusion of cerebral
fluid beneath the occipito-frontal aponeuroses in
fractures of the skull.

cephalic (sef-al'-ik) [Ke<pa\ri, head]. 1. Pertaining
to the head. 2. Any remedy for headache, c. index.
See index, cephalic, c. vein, a vein pf the upper
arm. c. version. See version, cephalic.

cephalin (sef'-al-in) [/ce^aX^, the head]. An un-
stable phosphatic substance obtained from brain-
substance; it is allied to lecithin; it is called also
kephalin.

cephaline (sef'-al-en). A proprietary headache
remedy said to consist of antipyrine and pulverized
coffee, each 5 parts, and caffeine and sodium salicy-
late, each 2 parts. Dose, 4 gr.

cephalitis (sef-al-i'-tis). See encephalitis. c.
iEgyptiaca, an epidemic form of encephalitis occurring
in Egypt during the hot winds of early summer.
c. littriana, inflammation of the epiphyses, c.
meningica, meningitis, c. nervosa, pertussis.

cephality (sef-al' -e-te) [K€<j>a\ri, the head]. Agassiz's
term for the preponderance of the head over the
remainder of the organism.

cephalization (sef-al-iz-a' -shun) [/ce^aXi?, the head].
In biology, Dana's term for that specialization the

CEPHALIZE

208

CERATE

tendency of which is to concentrate important parts
and organs at the head region of the trunk.

cephalize (sef'-al-iz) [/ce<£aXij, head]. To develop
head-organs.

cephalo- (sef-al-o-) [K«j>a\ri, head]. A prefix
denoting relating to the head.

cephalocathartic (sef-al-o-kath-ar'-tik) [cephalo-;
KadapTiicos, purging]. i. Purging or relieving the
head. 2. A medicine that relieves the head.

cephalocele (sef'-al-o-sel) [cephalo-; K17X77, tumor].
Hernia of the brain; protrusion of a mass of the
cranial contents.

cephalocentesis (sef-al-o-sen-te'-sis) [cephalo-;
Kevrrjais, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the
cranium.

cephalocercal (sef-al-o-ser'-kal) [cephalo-; Kepicos,
tail]. In anatomy, from head to tail.

cephalochord (sef'-al-o-kord) [cephalo-; xop^-h,
cord]. The cephalic portion of the chorda dorsalis
in embryonic life.

cephaloclasia (sef-al-o-kla'-ze-ah). See cephalo-
tripsy.

cephaloclast (sef'-al-o-klast). See cephalotribe.

cephalodymia (sef-al-o-dim'-e-ah) [cephalo-; Svnevat.,
to enter]. Teratologic union of twins by the
merging of their heads together.

cephalodynia (sef-al-o-din'-e-ah) [cephalo-; 68vvri,
pain]. Rheumatism affecting the occipitofrontalis
muscle, the pain being chiefly experienced in the
forehead or occiput, and at times involving the eye-
balls.

cephalofacial (sef-al-o-fa'-shal). Relating to the
skull and to the face.

cephalogaster (sef-al-o-gas'-ter) [cephalo-; yacrr-qp,
stomach]. The anterior division of the enteric canal,
as in certain parasitic worms, where it is continued
into a second division, the typhlosole.

cephalograph (sef'-al-o-graf) [cephalo-; ypa<f>eiv, to
write]. An instrument for recording the contours
of the head.

cephalography (sef-al-og'-ra-fe) [cephalo-; ypa<j>eiv,
to write]. A description of the head.

cephalohemometer {sef-al-o-hem-om'-et-er) [ceph-
alo-; al/xa, blood; \ikrpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment for noting changes in the intracranial blood-
pressure.

cephaloid (sef'-al-oid) [cephalo-; eldos, likeness].
Resembling the head.

cephalology (sef-al-ol'-o-je) [cephalo-; X670S, sci-
ence]. The science of cranial measurements and
indications.

cephaloma (sef-al-o' -mah) [cephalo-; 6p.a, tumor;
pi., cephalomata]. Encephaloid carcinoma; soft
carcinoma.

cephalomelus (sef-al-om'-el-us) [cephalo-; /zeXos, a
limb]. A form of double monster in which there is
a supernumerary limb attached to the head.

cephalomenia (sef-al-o-me'-ne-ah) [cephalo-; \xi\v,
a month]. Vicarious menstruation through the
nose.

cephalomeningitis (sef-al-o-men-in-ji'-tis) [cephalo-;
nrjvt.y£, a membrane; vris, inflammation]. Cephalic
meningitis; inflammation of the cephalic meninges.

cephalometer (sef-al-om'-et-er) [cephalo-; p-erpov,
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the head.

cephalometry (sef-al-om'-et-re) [cephalo-; nkTpov,,a.
measure]. 1. The use of the cephalometer; cranio-
metry. 2. The art of taking measurements of the
head to determine the position of the fissures and
convolutions of the brain.

cephalomyitis (sef-al-o-mi-i'-tis) [cephalo-; nvs, a
muscle; im, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
muscles of the head.

cephalonasal (sef-al-o-na'-sal). Relating to the
skull and the nose.

cephalonia (sef-al-o' -ne-ah) [Ke<j>ahr), head]. Mac-
rocephaly with hypertrophy of the brain.

cephalo-orbital (sef-al-o-or' -bit-al) [cephalo-; orbita,
an orbit]. Relating to the cranium and orbits.
c. index. See index.

cephalo-orbitonasal (sef-al-o-or-bil-o-na'-zal) [ceph-
alo-; orbita, an orbit; nasalis, of the nose]. Relating
to cranium, orbits, and nose.

cephalopagus (sef-al-op'-ag-us) [cephalopagy]. A
double monstrosity having the heads united at the
top.

cephalopagy (sef-al-op'-ath-e) [cephalo-; irriyvvvai, to
join]. That form of monstrosity marked by the
development of two individuals having heads united
at the top.

cephalopathic (sef-al-o-path'-ik) [cephalo-; vaBos,
disease]. Pertaining or belonging to a disease of the
head.

cephalopathy (sef-al-op'-ath-e) [cephalo-; ir&Bos,
disease]. Any disease of the head.

cephalopharyngeus (sef-al-o-far-in'-je-us). 1. Re-
lating to the head and pharynx. 2. See under
■muscle.

cephalophyma (sef-al-o-fi'-mah). Synonym of
cephalhematoma.

cephaloplegia (sef-al-o-ple'-je-ah) [cephalo-; irXwh,
a stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles about the head
and face.

cephalorrhachidian (sef-al-o-rak-id'-e-an) [cephalo-;
pdx«, spine]. Same as cerebrospinal.

cephaloscope (sef'-al-o-skop) [cephalo-; oKoirelv,
to examine]. A stethoscope for use in auscultation
of the head or the ear.

cephaloscopy (sef-al-os'-ko-pe) [cephalo-; aKo-welv,
to examine]. 1. Auscultation of the head. 2. Ex-
amination of the head with a view to ascertaining the
condition of the mental faculties.

cephalostat (sef'-al-o-stat) [cephalo-; ItrravaL, to
cause to stand]. A vise or clamp for holding a
patient's head; a head-rest.

cephalothoracopagus (sef-al-o-tho-rak-op'-ag-us)

[cephalo-; dupa.%, thorax; 7ra7eis, joined]. A double-
headed monster with united thoraces and necks.
These monsters are divided by Veit into prosopothor-
acopagus and syncephalus.

cephalothorax (sef-al-o-tho'-raks) [cephalo-; dupa£,
a breastplate]. In biology, the anterior portion of
the body of an arthropod formed by the union of
the head and thorax.

cephalotome (sef'-al-o-tom) [cephalo-; Tkp.veiv, to
cut]. The instrument used in performing cepha-
lotomy.

cephalotomy (sef-al-ot'-o-me) [cephalo-; rbp.i\, sec-
tion]. The opening or division of the head of the
fetus to facilitate labor.

cephalotractor (sef-al-o-trak'-tor) [cephalo-; trac-
tor]. Obstetric forceps.

cephalotribe (sef'-al-o-trib) [cephalo-; rpLfieiv, to
crush]. An instrument for crushing the fetal head.

cephalotridymus (sef-al-o-trid'-im-us) [cephalo-;
rpibvpos, triple]. A three-headed monster.

cephalotripsy (sef'-al-o-trip-se) [cephalo-; rpl^is,
a crushing]. The operation of crushing the fetal
head when delivery is otherwise impossible.

cephalotriptor (sef-al-o-trip'-tor). See cephalotribe.

cephalotrypesis (sef-al-o-tri-pe'-sis) [cephalo-; rpv-
it7)<ti.s, a boring]. A trephining of the skull.

cephaloxia (sef-al-oks'-e-ah) . Synonym of torticollis.

ceptor (sep'-tor) [capere, to take]. A term sug-
gested by Ehrlich in place of intermediary body.
According to the manner of action he distinguishes
uniceptors and amboceptors.

cera (se'-rah) [L.]. Wax. A mixture of cerotic
acid, cerolein, and myricin, gathered by the honey-
bee from the pollen of flowers and the leaves of
plants, c. alba (U. S. P.), white wax, prepared by
bleaching yellow wax. It is valuable as an ingredient
of cerates and ointments, c. flava (U. S. P.), yellow
wax; it possesses an agreeable balsamic odor, and is
soluble in ether, in hot alcohol, and in chloroform.

ceraceous (se-ra'-se-us) [cera, wax]. Waxy. Re-
sembling wax.

ceral (se'-ral). Pasta cerata, a proprietary vehicle
for application of medicaments, said to consist of
wax, potash, and water.

ceramuria (ser-am-u'-re-ah) [Kepa/ios, potter's
earth; ovpov, urine]. Phosphaturia.

cerasin (ser'-as-in) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. 1. An
ingredient of the gum of cherry-, peach-, and plum-
trees, apparently identical with bassorin. 2. A
crude precipitate from tincture of choke-cherry.

cerate (se'-rat) [cera]. In pharmacy, an unctuous
preparation consisting of wax mixed with oils, fatty
substances, or resins, and of such a consistence that
at ordinary temperatures it can be readily spread
upon linen or muslin, and yet is so firm that it will
not melt or run when applied to the skin, c,
camphor. See camphor cerate, c, cantharides. See
cantharides cerate, c, Goulard's. See Goulard's
cerate', c. of lead subacetate. See Goulard's cerate.
c, rosin. See rosin cerate, c, rosin, compound.
See rosin cerate, compound, c, touch, a lubricant
used in vaginal inspection, consisting of spermaceti,
white wax, and caustic soda, each, 1 part; olive-oil,
16 parts. Syn., ceratum pro tactu.

CERATED

209

CEREBROSCOPY

cerated (se'-ra-ted) [cera]. Coated with wax.

ceratiasis (ser-at-i'-as-is). See keratiasis.

ceratin (ser'-at-in). See keratin.

ceratitis (ser-at-i'-tis). See keratitis.

cerato- (ser'-a-to). See kerato-.

ceratocele (ser'-at-o-sel). See keratocele.

ceratoglossus (ser-at-o-glos'-us). See keratoglossus,
in muscles, table of.

ceratohyal (ser-at-o-hi'-al). See keratohyal.

Ceratonia (ser-at-o'-ne-ah) [/cepa-rowta]. i. A genus
of leguminous trees. 2. The fruit of C. siliqua, the
carob-tree, a native of the regions about the Mediter-
ranean. The falcate, fleshy pods, called carob-pods,
sugar-pods, and St. John's bread, are demulcent and
pectoral and contain carobin, carobone, and carobic
acid. They are used as food and form the chief
constituent of much of the patented food for cattle.
The seeds are used as a substitute for coffee.

ceratonosus. See keratonosus.

ceratoplasty (ser'-at-o-plas-te). See keratoplasty.

ceratoscope (ser'-at-o-skop). See keratoscope.

ceratotomy (ser-at-ot'-o-me). See keratotomy.

ceratonyxis (L.). See keratonyxis.

ceratorrhexis {ser-at-o-reks'-is). See keratorrhexis.

ceratose (ser'-at-os). See keratose.

ceratosis (ser-at-o'-sis). See keratosis.

ceratotomy (ser-at-ot'-o-me). See keratotomy.

ceraunics (ser-aw'-niks). See keraunics.

cercaria (ser-ka'-re-ah) [kcpkos, tail]. Any trema-
tode worm (fluke) in its second (or tailed) stage of
larval life.

cercarian (ser-ka'-re-an) [nep/cos, a tail]. Any
trematode, or fluke-worm, in the cercaria stage.

cercnnus (serk'-nus) [nkpxvos, rough, hoarse].
Hoarseness; noisy respiration.

ceratum (se'-ra-tum). See cerate.

cercomonad (ser-ko-mo'-nad). A member of the
genus cercomonas.

Cercomonas (ser-ko-mo'-nas) [nkpicos, tail; novas,
monad]. A genus of flagellate infusorians. C.
intestinalis, a protozoon, occasionally found in the
fecal discharges of patients suffering with typhoid
fever, chronic diarrhea, or cholera. Its pathological
significance has not yet been ascertained.

cerea flexibilitas (se'-re-ah fleks-ib-il' -it-as). That
condition of muscular tension in the insane in which
the limbs may be molded into any position.

cereal (se'-re-al) [Ceres, the goddess of agricul-
ture]. 1. Relating to edible grains. 2. Any edible
grain.

cerealin (se-re'-al-in). An enzyme converting
starch into glucose, isolated from bran-extract.

cerebellar (ser-e-bel'-ar) [cerebellum]. Relating to
the cerebellum, c. ataxia, ataxia due to some
cerebellar lesion, c. tonsil. See amygdala (2).

cerebellic (ser-e-bel'-ik). See cerebellar.

cerebellifugal (ser-e-bel-if'-u-gal) [cerebellum; fugere,
to flee]. Tending from the cerebellum.

cerebellipetal (ser-e-bel-ip' -e-tal) [cerebellum; peter e,
to seek]. Tending toward the cerebellum.

cerebellitis (ser-e-bel-i'-tis) [cerebellum; wis, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the cerebellum.

cerebellocortex (ser-e-bel-o-kor'-teks) [cerebellum,
cortex, bark]. The cortex of the cerebellum.

cerebellospinal (ser-e-bel-o-spi'-nal) [cerebellum,
spina, the spine]. Relating to the cerebellum and
the spinal cord.

cerebellum (ser-e-bel'-um) [dim. of cerebrum]. The
inferior part of the brain lying below the cerebrum
and above the pons and medulla. It consists of two
lateral lobes and a middle lobe.

cerebral (ser'-e-bral) [cerebrum]. Relating to the
cerebrum, c. apoplexy. See apoplexy, c. arteries.
See arteries, table of. c. fornix. See fornix, cerebral.
c. gyri, the convolutions of the brain, c. hemiplegia,
hemiplegia due to cerebral apoplexy, c. index. See
index, cerebral, c. maculae, spots on the skin caused
by slight irritation, and abnormally persistent.
They may indicate disorder of the vaso-motor
mechanism, c. nerves. See nerves, table of. c.
pneumonia. See pneumonia, cerebral, c. surprise,
the speedy, but not long-persistent stupor that often
follows sudden mental shock or grave lesion or injury
of the brain, c. vesicles, the embryonic vesicles
from which the brain is developed. See brain-
bladder.

cerebralgia (ser-e-bral'-je-ah) [cerebrum, the brain;
&X70S, pain]. Pain in the head.

cerebralism (ser'-e-bral-izm) [cerebrum, the brain].
The theory that mental operations are due to the

activity of the brain; or that thought is a function
of the brain.

cerebrasthenia (ser-e-bras-the'-ne-ah) [cerebrum;
asthenia]. Cerebral asthenia; cerebral neurasthenia;
phrenasthenia.

cerebrasthenic (ser-e-br as-then' -ik) [cerebrum, the
brain; a.<rdwhs, without strength]. Characterized
by, or pertaining to, cerebrasthenia.

cerebration (ser-e-br a' -shun) [cerebrum]. Mental
activity, c, unconscious, mental activity of which
the subject is not conscious.

cerebriform (ser-e'-bre-form). See cerebroid.

cerebrifugal (ser-e-brif -u-gal) [cerebrum, the brain;
fugere, to flee]. Centiifugal; efferent; transmitting
or transmitted from the brain to the periphery.

cerebrin (ser'-e-brin) [cerebrum], 1. O7H33NO3.
A nitrogenous glucoside obtained from brain-tissue,
nerves, and pus-corpuscles. It is a light, colorless,
exceedingly hygroscopic powder. 2. A preparation
from the gray mattei of the brain of sheep and calves,
made with equal parts of glycerol and 0.5 % of phenol
solution. It has been used in chorea. Dose 5-10
min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). Syn., cerebrin-alpha; cerebrinin.
3. A proprietary antineuralgic elixir, said to contain
analgesin, ether, caffeine and cocaine.

cerebrinacide (ser-e-brin'-as-id) [cerebrum, the
brain]. One of certain substances found in brain-
tissue, and capable of combining with metallic
oxides.

cerebrinin (se-reb'-rin-in). See cerebrin (2).

cerebripetal (ser-e-brip'-et-al) [cerebrum, the brain;
petere, to seek]. Centripetal; afferent; transmitting
or transmitted from the periphery to the brain.

cerebritis (ser-e-bri'-tis) [cerebrum; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the proper substance of
the cerebrum, c, local, softening of the brain.

cerebro- (se-re-bro-) [cerebrum]. A prefix denoting
relating to the cerebrum.

cerebrocardiac (ser-e-br o-kar'-de-ak) [cerebro-; nap-
dia, the heart]. Applied to diseases characterized
by both cerebral and cardiac symptoms.

cerebrogalactose (ser-e-bro-gal-ak'-tos). Same as
cerebrose.

cerebrohyphoid (ser-e-bro-hi'-foid) [cerebro-; v<j>i],
tissue; elSos, likeness]. Resembling the substance
of the brain.

cerebroid (ser'-e-broid) [cerebro-; eldos, likeness].
Resembling brain-substance.

cerebrol (ser'-e-brol) [cerebrum, brain; oleum, oil].
An oily, reddish fluid obtainable from brain-tissue.

cerebrology (ser-e-br ol'-o-je) [cerebro-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of the brain; encephalology.

cerebroma (ser-e-bro'-mah) [cerebrum, the brain;
6p.a, a tumor; pi., cerebromata], A growth, outside
the cranium, that contains cerebral tissue.

cerebromalacia (ser-e-br o-mal-a'-se-ah) [cerebro-;
naXaKia, softness]. Softening of the brain tissue.

cerebromedullary (ser-e-br o-med-ul'-ar-e) [cerebro-;
medulla, marrow]. Relating to the brain and spinal
cord.

cerebrometer (ser-e-brom' -et-er) [cerebro-; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for recording cerebral
impulses.

cerebroolein (ser-e-bro-o'-le-in). A compound of
olein and lecithin forming a yellow oil; it is obtained
from brain tissue.

'cerebropathy (ser-e-br op' -a-the) [cerebro-; iraBos, ill-
ness]. 1. A train of symptoms following overwork,
and approaching the character of insanity. 2. Cere-
bral disease in general, c, psychic, mental disease
resulting from primary lesion of the brain or spinal
cord, but presenting distinct symptoms of its
own.

cerebrophysiology (ser-e-br o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). The
physiology of the brain.

cerebropontile (ser-e-bro-pon'-til). Relating to the
cerebrum and pons.

cerebropsychosis (ser-e-bro-sik-o'-sis) [cerebro-; \pv-
xwo-is, animating]. Mental disturbance due to a
disease of the psychic centers.

cerebrorrhachidian (ser-e-bro-ra-kid'-i-an) [cerebro-;
pdx«, spine]. Cerebrospinal.

cerebrosclerosis (cer-e-bro-skle-ro'-sis) [cerebro-;
<tkXt)p6s, hard]. Sclerosis of cerebral tissue.

cerebroscope (ser-e'-bro-skop). An ophthalmoscope
used in the diagnosis of brain disease.

cerebroscopy (ser-e-bros'-ko-pe) [cerebro-; o-noireiv,
to inspect]. 1. Ophthalmoscopy in the diagnosis of
brain-disease. 2. Encephaloscopy. 3. The post-
mortem examination of the brain.

CEREBROSE

210

CERVICONASAL

cerebrose (ser'-e-bros) [cerebrum], C6H12O2. A
crystallized sugar isomeric with glucose, occurring
in brain tissue.

cerebrosensorial (ser-e-bro-sen-so'-re-al) [cerebro-;
sensorium, the organ of sensation]. Pertaining to
the cerebral sensorium.

cerebroside (ser'-e-bro-sid) [cerebrum]. One of a
class of substances occurring in brain tissue, con-
taining cerebrose, just as glucosides contain glucose.

cerebrosis (ser-e-bro'-sis) [cerebrum, the brain].
Any cerebral disorder.

cerebrospinal (ser-e-bro-spi'-nal) [cerebro-; spina,
the spine]. Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord.
c. axis. See axis, cerebrospinal, c. fever. See
under fever, c. fluid, the fluid between the arachnoid
membrane and the pia mater. _ c. meningitis. See
fever, cerebrospinal, c. sclerosis, sclerosis of the
brain and spinal cord. c. system, the brain, spinal
cord, and nerves.

cerebrospinant (ser-e-bro-spi'-nant) [cerebro-; spina,
the spine]. A medicine that acts upon the brain
and spinal cord.

cerebrosuria (ser-e-bro-su' -re-ah) . The presence of
cerebrose in the urine; cerebral diabetes.

cerebrotomy (ser-e-brot'-o-me) [cerebro-; rkfiveiv,
to cut] . Surgical or anatomical section of brain-tissue.

cerebrum (ser'-e-brum) [L.]. The chief portion
of the brain, occupying the whole upper part of the
cranium, and consisting of the right and left hemi-
spheres, c. abdominale, the solar plexus, c. exsic-
catum, the dried and powdered gray substance of
the brain of calves; one part represents five parts of
the fresh organ. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) a day.
c. posterius, the cerebellum.

cerecloth (ser'-kloth) [cera]. Cloth impregnated
with wax and rendered antiseptic; used as a dressing
for wounds.

cerectomy (ser-ek'-to-me). See kerectomy.

cereiform (se-re'-e-form) [cereus, a wax taper;
forma, form]. Shaped like a wax taper.

cereolus {ser-e'-o-lus) [cera, wax: pi., cereoli]. A
bougie of waxed linen, often medicated.

cereometer (se-re-om'-et-ur) [cera, wax; n'erpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for the estimation of the
quantity of wax in a given mixture by determining
the specific gravity.

cereous (se'-re-us) [cereus]. Made of wax.

ceresin (ser'-es-in) [cera, wax]. Ozokerite that
has been bleached without distillation; it is used as a
substitute for beeswax.

cereus (se'-re-us) [L.. "a wax candle"]. A genus
of cactaceous plants, c. grandifiorus. See cactus
grandiflorus.

cerevisia (ser-e-vis'-e-ah). See cervisia.

cerevisin (ser-e-vis'-in). Dried yeast used in-
ternally in furunculosis (dose 1 teaspoonful before
each meal) and for application in leukorrhea and
gonorrheal vaginitis (15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) in sup-
pository of cacao-butter).

eerie (se'-rik) [cera]. 1. Relating to wax. 2. Con-
taining cerium as a quadrivalent radical.

ceridin (se' -rid-in). Cerolin. A fatty substance
obtained from yeast; used in the treatment of acne.

cerin (se'-rin) [cera]. 1. An ether of cerotic acid;
one of the substances found in wax. 2. (Of Chev-
reul.) A crystalline precipitate from an aqueous
extract of cork by action of hot alcohol.

cerite (se'-rlt). A Swedish mineral formerly
called the heavy stone of Bastnas, from which cerium
is obtained.

cerium (se'-re-um) [named from the planet Ceres].
Ce =140.25; quantivalence II, IV. One of the rarer
metals. It forms two series of salts (cerous and eerie
salts) corresponding to the two oxides. See elements,
table of chemical, c. nitrate. 1. Ce2(N03)e . 12H2O,
white crystals, soluble in water; an antiseptic used
in solutions of 1 : 1000. Syn., cerous nitrate. 2.
Ce(N03)4, a reddish-yellow mass of crystals, soluble
in water and alcohol. It is used as a nerve-tonic
in irritable dyspepsia and chronic vomiting. Dose
i-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., eerie nitrate, c. oxa-
late (cerii oxalus, U. S. P.), Ce2(C20<)3 . 9H2O, a
white, granular powder, insoluble in water or alcohol,
but soluble in hydrochloric acid. It is useful in the
vomiting of pregnancy. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65
Gm.) in pill. c. valerate, has been used in the same
class of cases as the oxalate. Dose i? gr. (0.1 Gm.).

cerolein (se-ro'-le-in) [cera, wax]. A substance
found in beeswax, soluble in alcohol; probably a
mixture of fatty acids.

cerolin (se'-ro-lin). A preparation said to be the
active principle of yeast. It consists of the glycerides
of fatty acids with cholesterins, lecithin and ethereal
oil. It is said to be useful in furunculosis, acne,
sycosis and skin affections.

ceroma (se-ro'-mah) [cera; 5fxa, a tumor]. A cystic
tumor the tissue of which has undergone fatty
degeneration.

ceromel (se'-ro-mel) [cera, wax; mel, honey].
Honey cerate; wax, one pait; honey, two or four
parts. It is applied to wounds and ulcers, chiefly
in Asiatic countries.

ceroplastic (se-ro-plas'-tik) [cera, wax; irKaaaeiv, to
mould]. Modeled, or as if modeled, in wax. c.
catalepsy. See catalepsy.

ceroplasty (se'-ro-plas-te) [cera, wax; icKturociv, to
mould]. The modeling of anatomical preparations in
wax.

cerosate (se'-ro-sat). A salt of cerosic acid,
cerosic (se-ro'-sik). Relating to cerosin.
cerosin (se'-ro-sin) [cera, wax]. A wax-like sub-
stance forming a white or grayish-green coating on
some species of sugar-cane. When purified, it yields
fine, light pearly scales.

cerosis (ser-o'-sis) [cera, wax]. That morbid con-
dition of a membrane in which it seems to consist of
waxlike scales.

cerostroma, cerostrosis (ser-o-stro'-mah, -sis).
See ichthyosis hystrix.

cerotate (se'-ro-tat). A salt of cerotic acid.
cerotic (se-ro'-tik). Derived from wax. c. acid.
See acid, cerotic.

cerous (se'-rus). Containing cerium as a bivalent
radical.

certificate (ser-tif'-ik-dt) [certificare, to certify].
A written statement, as for insurance, or in case of
birth or death.

cerumen (ser-u'-men) [cera]. The wax of the ear.
•eeruminosis (ser-u-min-o'-sis). An excessive secre-
tion of cerumen.

ceruminous (ser-u'-min-us) [cera]. Pertaining to
cerumen, c. glands, glands secreting cerumen.

ceruse (se'-rus) [L., cerussa]. 1. White lead:
basic carbonate and hydrate of lead. 2. A white
face-powder, c, antimony, white oxide of antimony;
also antimonic acid.

cerussa (se-rus'-ah). See ceruse.
cervical (ser'-vik-al) [cervix, the neck]. Pertaining
to the neck or to the cervix uteri, c. carcinoma, "car-
cinoma of the neck of the uterus, c. endometritis.
See endocervicitis. c. pregnancy, a rare condition
in which, from atrophy of the decidual membranes,
the impregnated ovum is not properly held in place,
and, dropping, lodges in the cervical canal, where
it develops until the uterus expels it.

cervicalis (ser-vik-a'-lis) [cervix]. 1. Cervical.
2. A cervical artery, muscle, nerve, or vein.

cervicen (ser'-vis-en) [cervix, the neck]. Belonging
solely to the cervix.

cervicicardiac (ser-vis-ik-ar'-de-ak) [cervix, the
neck; KapSia, the heart]. Relating to the neck and
the heart, as the cervicicardiac nerves, branches of
the vagus.

cerviciplex (ser-vis'-ip-leks) [cervix, the neck;
plexus, a network]. The cervical plexus.

cervicispinal (ser-vis-e-spi'-nal). Relating to the
neck and spinal cord.

cervicitis (ser-vis-i'-tis) [cervix; ms, inflammation].
Inflammation of the cervix uteri.

cervico- (ser'-vik-o). Prefix denoting relation to
the neck or to the cervix of an organ.

cervicoauricular (ser-vik-o-aw-rik'-u-lar). Relating
to the back of the neck and the outer ear.

cervicobasilar (ser-vik-o-bas'-il-ar). Pertaining to
the neck and the basilar region.

cervicobrachial (ser-vik-o-bra'-ke-al) [cervico-; bra-

chium, the arm]. Relating to the neck and the arm.

cervicobregmatic (ser-vik-o-breg-mat'-ik) [cervico-;

Ppeyna, the sinciput]. Relating to the cervix or nucha

and the bregma.

cervicodynia (ser-vik-o-din'-e-ah) [cervico-; o&bvr),
pain]. Cramp or neuralgia of the neck.

cervicofacial (ser-vik-o-fa'-shal) [cervico-; fades,
face]. Relating to the neck and the face.

cervicohumeral (ser-vik-o-hu'-mer-al). Relating to
the neck and the upper arm.

cervicomuscular (ser-vik-o-mus'-ku-lar). Relating
to the muscles of the neck.

cerviconasal (ser-vik-o-na'-zal). Running from the
back of the neck to the nose.

CERVICO-OCCIPITAL

211

CHALODERMIA

cervico-occipital {ser-vik-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [cervico;-
occiput, the back of the head]. Relating to the
neck and the back of the head.

cervico-orbicular {ser-vik-o-or-bik' -u-lar) [cervico-;
orbicularis, circular]. Relating to the neck and the
orbicular muscle.

cervicoscapular (ser-vik-o-skap' -u-lar). i. Relating
to the back of the neck and the scapula. 2. The
transverse artery or vein of the neck.

cervicovaginal (ser-vik-o-vaj'-in-al) [cervico-; va-
gina]. Relating to the cervix uteri and the vagina.
cervicovesical (ser-vik-o-ves'-ik-al). Pertaining to
the bladder and the cervix uteri.

cervimeter (ser-vim'-et-er) [cervix; ukrpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for measuring the cervix
uteri.

cervisia (ser-vis'-e-ah) [L.]. Ale or beer, cervisiae
fermentum, beer-yeast. The ferment obtained in
brewing beer, and produced by Saccharomyces cere-
visics.

cervix (ser'-viks) [L.]. A constricted portion or
neck. c. conical, c, conoid, c, conoidal, malforma-
tion of the cervix uteri marked by a conical shape and
elongation, with constriction of the os externum.
c. cornu, the constricted portion of the cornu dorsale.
c. obstipa, c. rigida, wryneck, c. tapiroid, a cervix
uteri with a very elongated anterior lip. c. uteri,
the neck of the uterus, c. vesicae, the neck of the
bladder.

ceryl (se'-ril) [cera, wax], C27H55. An organic
radical found in combination in beeswax.

cesarean section, or operation [ccedere, to cut].
Extraction of the fetus through an incision made in
the abdomen, c. section, postmortem, extraction of
the child after the mother's death.

cesarotomy (se-zar-ot'-om-e) . Cesarean section.
cesium, caesium (se'-ze-um) [L., "bluish-gray"],
Cs = 132.81; quantivalence I. A rare alkaline metal
resembling potassium in physical and chemical
properties, c. and ammonium bromide, CsBr . -
3NH4CI. sedative used in epilepsy. Dose 15-45 gr.
(1-3 Gm.); maximum dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.). c. bitar-
trate, CsHQKUOe, used in nervous heart-palpitation.
Dose 3-5 gr. (0.18-0.3 Gm.). c. bromide, is a good
sedative, but its cost is very great, c. carbonate,
CS2CO3; used in epilepsy, c. chloride, lowers the
pulse-rate and raises arterial pressure. Dose 2-5
gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). c. hydrate, c. hydroxide,
CsOH, is used in epilepsy, c. and rubidium and
ammonium bromide, CsBr.RbBr . 6(NH4Br), a
nervine. Dose 15-45 gr- (*~3 Gm.) once or twice
daily; maximum dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.). c. sulphate,
CS2SO4, used as an antiepileptic.

cestode, cestoid (ses'-tod, ses'-toid) [wards, a
girdle; elSos, likeness]. Shaped like a girdle or
ribbon; applied to worms, of which Tama is a type.
cestus (ses'-tus) [L., a girdle]. The fold of the
metatela encircling the dorsal part of the brain-
tube.

cetacea (se-ta'-se-ah) [ktjtos, a whale]. An order
of mammals living in the sea, as the whale, dolphin,
etc.

cetaceum (se-ta'-se-um) [see cetacea]. Spermaceti.
A fatty substance somewhat resembling paraffin
in its physical properties. It is obtained from the
head of the sperm-whale, Physeter macrocepkalus.
It is soluble in ether, in chloroform, and in boiling
alcohol, and is employed as an emollient. Cetacei,
ceratum, contains spermaceti, 10; white wax, 35;
olive-oil, 55 parts. Cetacei, unguentum (B. P.),
contains spermaceti, white wax, almond-oil, and
benzoin.

cetic, cetinic (se'-tik, se-iin'-ik). Pertaining to
cetin or to the whale.

cetin (se'-tin) [see cetacea], C32H64O2. The chief
constituent of commercial purified spermaceti. It is
a fatty, crystalline substance, soluble in alcohol and
ether, insoluble in water, melting at 49 ° C, and
volatilizing at 3600 C. Syn., cetinum.

Cetraria (se-lra'-re-ah) [ccetra, a short Spanish
shield]. 1. A genus of lichens. 2. Iceland moss —
a lichen, C. islandica, found in Iceland and other
northern countries. It contains a form of starch,
lichenin, that gelatinizes when boiled with water.
It is a feebly tonic demulcent, sometimes used in
pulmonary affections. Cetrariae, decoctum (B. P.),
contains 5 % of the lichen. Dose 2-4 oz. (60-120 Cc).
cetrarin (se-tra'-rin) [ccztra, a short Spanish shield].
The bitter principle of Iceland moss, crystallizing in
fine needles, and nearly insoluble in water.

cetyl (se'-til) [celus, a whale], C16H33. An alcoholic
radical existing in beeswax, and spermaceti.
cevadilla (sev-ad-il'-ah). See sabadilla.
cevadine (sev'-ad-en), C32H49NO9. A crystalline
alkaloid of cevadilla. See veratrine.
Ceylon sickness. Beriberi.

ceyssatite (ses'-a-tit) [Ceyssat, a village of Puy-de-
Dome, France]. A fossil earth from the village of
Ceyssat, France, composed almost entirely of pure v
silica. It is used as an absorbent dusting-powder.

C.F. Abbreviation for Canadian Formulary of
Unofficial Preparations.

Cg. Abbreviation for centigram.
C.G.S. Abbreviation for centimeter, gram, second;
denoting that system of scientific measurements
which takes the centimeter, the gram, and the second
as the units respectively of distance, mass (or weight),
and time.

Chabert's disease (shab-air') [Philibert Chabert,
French veterinarian, 1737-1814]. Symptomatic an-
thrax; black-leg. Cs oil, a mixture of crude animal
oil and oil of turpentine.

Chaddock's external malleolar sign (chad'-ock)
[Charles Gilbert Chaddock, American physician].
Extension of one or more of the toes when the
external inframalleolar skin area is irritated; it is
found in organic disease of the spino-cortical reflex
paths.

Chadwick's sign [James Read Chadwick, American
gynecologist, 1 844-1905]. Same as Jacquemier's
sign.

chaeraphrosyne (ke-raf-ros'-in-e) [xalpeiv, to re-
joice; &.<j>po(rvvri, senselessness]. Amenomania.

chaeromania (ke-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [\aipeip, to rejoice;
fiavia, madness]. Amenomania.

chaff bone (chaf-bon). A name for the inferior
maxilla.

Chagas' disease {chah'-gahs) [Carlos Chagas,
Spanish physician]. Parasitic thyroiditis.

Chagres fever (shag'-ras) [Chagres, a river on the
isthmus of Panama]. A malignant form of malaria,
endemic on the isthmus of Panama.

chain (chan). 1. A series of connected links of
metal, etc. 2. In (organic) chemistry (a series of
atoms linked together by one or more bonds).
c. ecraseur, an eciaseur of which a chain forms the
cutting part, c.-saw, a surgeon's saw, the teeth of
which are linked together like a chain.

chalastic (kal-as'-tik) [xaXaari/cos, making supple].
1. Emollient, softening. 2. An emollient or laxative
medicine.

chalastodermia (kal-as-to-der'-me-ah). Synonym
of dermatolysis.

chalaza (kal-a'-zah) [chalazion]. One of the twisted
cords binding the yolk-bag of an egg to the lining
membrane of the shell; or that part of a seed where
its coats unite with each other and the nucleus.

chalazia (kal-a'-ze-ah) ^chalazion], 1. The socalled
hailstone sputa. 2. A chalazion.

chalazion (kal-a'-ze-on) [xa\a£iov, a small hail-
stone]. A tumor of the eyelid from retained secre-
tion of the Meibomian glands; a Meibomian cyst.
Syn., porosis palpebra. c. terreum, one in which
there is degeneration of the contents and change to
calcium carbonate and cholesterin. Syn., lithiasis
palpebralis.

chalazonephritis (kal-a-zo-nef-ri'-tis) [chalazion;
nephritis]. Granular nephritis.

chalcitis (kal-si'-tis) [xaX*6s, anything made of
metal]. A severe inflammation of the eyes, marked
at first by excessive lacrimation and sensitiveness to
light, resulting in blurred vision and continued flow
of mucus. It is due to rubbing the eyes after the
hands have been used on brass, as is done by trolley-
car conductors and workmen. Syn., brassy eye;
chalkitis.

chalcosis (kal-ko'-sis) [xoXkos, copper]. A deposit
of copper particles in the tissues.
chalice-cell (chal'-is). Goblet cell.
chalicosis (kal-ik-o'-sis) [x<Wu£, gravel]. A disease
of the lungs caused by the inhalation of dust or sand.
chalinoplasty (kal-in-o-plas'-te) [\a\iv6s, a bridle
or rein; irhLooew, to form]. An operation to form
a new frenum of the tongue.

chalk (chawk) [calx, limestone]. Calcium carbo-
nate. See calcium, c.-stone, gout-stone — a deposit
beneath the skin in gouty patients.
chalkitis (kal-ki'-tis). See chalcitis.
chalodermia (kal-o-dur'-me-ah) [xa\a<ns, a slacken-
ing; 5epp,a, the skin]. A term for dermatolysis.

CHALONE

212

CHARCOT-MARIE'S SYMPTOM

chalone (kal'-on) [xa\av, to loosen]. An inhibitory
hormone. See hormone.

chalonic (kal-on'-ik). Pertaining to chalone.

chalybeate (ka-lib'-e-at) [xaXvxfs, steeij. i. Con-
taining iron. 2. Having the color or taste of iron.
3. A substance or medicine containing iron.

Chamselirium (kam-e-lir'-e-um) [xap.ai, on the earth;
\elptov, a lily]. A genus of plants of the order
Liliacece. The rhizome of C. luteum, devil's-bit, of
the United States and Canada, is a uterine tonic,
anthelmintic, diuretic, and febrifuge. Dose of
aqueous infusion (1 oz. to 1 pint) a wineglassful.

chamber (cham'-ber) [camera, a chamber]. A cav-
ity or space, c, anterior (of the eye), the space
between the cornea and the iris, c, aqueous (of
the eye), the space between the cornea and lens.
c, posterior (of the eye), the space between the iris
and the lens. The chambers of the eye contain the
aqueous humor, c, resonance, a resonant chamber
attached to a tuning-fork for acoustic investigation.

Chamberland filter (tsham' -ber-land) [Charles
Edouard Chamberland, French bacteriologist, 1851-
1908]. A filter made of unglazed porcelain; only
ultramicroscopic microorganisms pass through it.

chamecephalic (kam-e-sef-al'-ik) [xauai, low; /ce0-
a\ri, head]. Characterized by chamecephaly.

chamecephalous (kam-e-sef'-al-us). See chame-
cephalic.

chamecephaly (kam-e-sef'-al-e) [xauai, low; KecpaX-f),
head]. In craniometry, that condition of the skull
in which the cephalic index is 700 or less. A fiat
and receding skull.

chameconcha (kam-e-kong'-kah) [xap.ai, low; K&yxv,
orbit]. In craniometry, an orbital index below 80.01 °.

chameconchous (kam-e-cong'-kus) [xafial, low;
Koyxv, concha]. In craniometry, having an orbital
index of not more than 8o°.

chamecranious (kam-e-kra'-ne-us) [xap.ai, low;
Kpavibv, skull]. In craniometry, having the greatest
length of the skull proportioned to its height.

chameleon-phenomenon (kam-e'-le-on-fen-om'-e-
non). A peculiar reaction shown by Bacillus pyo-
cyaneus; when grown on agar, a light-green color is
imparted to the medium, which after 48 hours
turns very dark green. On potato a yellowish-brown
growth is formed, which turns green when the super-
ficial portion is removed by scraping, but it soon
resumes its brown color.

chameprosopic (kam-e-pro-so'-pik) [xauai, low;
irpoauirov, face]. Low-faced; having the zygomatic
facial index below 900.

chamocephalic (kam-o-sef-al'-ik) [xafiai, on the
ground, low; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. See chamecephalic.

chamois-skin (sham'-wah-, or sham' -e-skin) . Prop-
erly the skin or tanned leather of the chamois; now
prepared from split sheep-skin. It is used in surgery
and for underclothing.

chamomile (kam'-o-mll). See anthemis and
matricaria.

chamoprosopic (kam-o-pro-so'-pik) [xap.ai, on the
ground; irpbauivov, face]. See chameprosopic.

champacol (sham'-pa-kol) [champaka, Bengalese
name]. A camphor, C17H30O, from the wood of the
champak-tree, Mirhelia champaca. Syn., Champaca
camphor.

champagne (sham-pan) [Ft.]. An effervescent
wine useful as a remedy for nausea and vomiting.

champignon (shawm-pin-e-on(g)'). A suppurative
inflammation of the spermatic cord of a horse,
developing sometimes after castration.

chancebone (chans'-bon). A name for the ischium.

chancre (shang-ker) [Fr.]. A term formerly used
indiscriminately for any primary venereal ulcer, but
now generally applied to the initial lesion of syphilis
(q. v.). c, arsenical, ulceration resembling a syph-
ilitic chancre, but due to arsenic, c, hard, c,
Hunterian, c, indurated, c, infecting, c, non-
suppurating, c, true, the ulcer of syphilitic origin,
which is followed by constitutional syphilis, c,
nonincubatory, c, noninfecting, c, simple, c, soft,
a contagious, suppurating, nonsyphilitic venereal
ulcer, properly called chancroid, c, Sahara, the
Aleppo boil.

chancroid (shang'-kroid) [chancre; elSos, form].
A local, infective process, transmitted by sexual
intercourse, and characterized by ulceration, local
glandular involvement, and often suppuration. It
has been variously termed the soft, nonindurated,
simple, or nonsyphilitic chancre. See chancre, c,
phagedenic, chancroid with a tendency to slough.

c, serpiginous, phagedenic chancroid that spreads
superficially in curved lines.

chancroidal (shang-kroi'-dal). Pertaining to or of
the nature of a chancroid.

chancrous (shang'-krus). Of the nature of a
chancre.

change (chanj). The word is colloquially used for
either the establishment or the cessation of the
menstrual function, c. of life, the menopause.

channel (chan'-el) [ME., chanel). See canal.
c.s, intercellular. 1. Irregular canals of communi-
cation between the intercellular spaces interposed
between prickle-cells, and thought to be connected
with the lymph-capillaries. 2. Tiny canals between
gland-cells, c.s, intracellular, the minute canals
which connect vacuoles in the cell-body of liver-
cells with the biliary canaliculi or intercellular
channels, c, lymphatic, c, plasmatic. See Reck-
linghausen's canal, and canal, serous.

channel-bone (chan'-el-bon). The clavicle.

Chantreuil's method (shang-treeV) . In pelvimetry,
a method of ascertaining the distance between the
tuberosities of the ischia (11 cm.) in estimating
the size of the pelvic outlet. The two thumbs are
placed upon the tuberosities, while an assistant
measures the distance between them.

chap [ME., chappen, to cleave]. A slight or
superficial fissure of the skin, usually upon the lips,
hands, or nipples.

chaparra amargosa. A plant growing in Mexico
and Texas; the infusion and the fluid extract are used
in amebic dysentery.

chappa (chap' -ah). The name among the Popo
people in the colony of Lagos for a disease believed
to be neither tuberculous nor syphilitic, marked by
severe initial pains in muscles and joints, followed by
swelling and the formation of round multiple nodules
the size of a pigeon's egg; without forming abscesses
these are exposed by ulceration of the skin. The
disease finally attacks the bones.

characterizing group. A group of atoms in the
molecule of a compound which distinguishes that
class of compound from all other classes.

charbon (shar'-bon) [Fr., "charcoal"]. Anthrax
(q. v.).

charcoal (char'-kol) [ME., charren, to turn; col,
coal]. Coal made by subjecting wood to a process
of smothered combustion. See under carbo.

Charcot's artery (shar-ko') [Jean Martin Charcot,
French physician, 1825-1893]. The "artery of
cerebral hemorrhage," one of the lenticulostriate
arteries that passes through the outer part of the
putamen. C.'s cirrhosis. See Hanot's disease.
C.'s crystals, octahedral crystals of the phosphate of
Schreiner's base (spermin), found in the sputum of
asthma, in seminal fluid, leukemic blood, and feces.
C.'s disease. 1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
2. Arthropathy of tabes dorsalis. 3. Multiple cere-
brospinal sclerosis. C.'s fever, a septic fever occur-
ring in cases of jaundice due to impacted gall-stones.
C.'s gait, the gait of Friedreich's ataxia. C.'s inter-
mittent claudication, intermittent paresthesia of the
legs attended with pain, tremor, and excessive
perspiration due to arteriosclerosis; a condition first
noted by French writers in apparently healthy horses
and afterward observed in man. Syn., angina cruris;
angiosclerotic paroxysmal myasthenia; intermittent
lameness; intermittent limping. C.'s joint. See
C.'s disease (2). C.'s method. See hypnotism. C.'s
pain, hysterical pain in the ovarian region. C.'s
posterior root-zone. See Burdach's column. C.'s
sensory crossway, the posterior third of the posterior
limb of the internal capsule. Syn., carrefour sensitif.
C.'s sign, in facial paralysis the eyebrow is raised;
in facial contracture it is lowered. Syn., signe du
sourcil. C.'s syndrome, intermittent claudication,
an affection connected with arteriosclerosis of the
lower extremities. C.'s zones, the syterogenhic zones.
Charcot-Guinon's disease (shar-ko' -gwe-nyong').
Dementia complicating some cases of progressive
muscular dystrophy.

Charcot-Leyden's crystals (shar-ko-W -den) . See
Charcot's crystals.

Charcot-Marie's symptom. See Marie's symptom.
C.-M.'s type of progressive muscular atrophy, the
neurotic type of progressive muscular atrophy;,
progressive neural muscular atrophy, commencing
in the muscles of the feet and the peroneal group.
C.-M.-Tooth's type of progressive muscular atrophy _
See C.-M.'s type of progressive muscular atrophy.

CHARCOT-NEUMANN'S CRYSTALS 213

CHEMISM

Charcot-Neumann's crystals. See Charcot's crys-
tals.

Charcot-Robin's crystals. See Charcot's crystals.

Charcot-Vigouroux's sign. See Vigouroux's sign.

chariot (char'-e-ot). The movable coil of an induc-
tion apparatus.

charlatan (shar'-lat-an) [Ital., ciarlatano, a quack].
A quack; a pretender to medical skill; an advertising
doctor.

charlatanism, charlatanry (shar'-lat-an-izm, -re).
i. The state of being a quack. 2. The practices of a
quack.

Charles' law (charlz) [Jacques Alexander Caesar
Charles, French physicist, 1746-1823]. Equal incre-
ments of temperature add equal amounts to the
product of the volume and pressure of a given mass
of gas. The increase is ^3 of its volume measured at
— 2730 C, which is the zero of absolute temperature.

charleyhorse (char'-le-hors). Stiffness of the right
arm and leg in baseball players.

charpie (shar'-pe) [carpere, to pluck]. Picked or
shredded lint; linen shreds for dressing wounds.

Charriere's guillotine (shar-re-ar') [Joseph Francois
Benoit Charriere, French instrument maker, 1803-
1876]. An instrument for excising tonsils. C.'s
scale, the French scale for measuring the size of
urethral sounds or catheters; the consecutive numbers
differ by f mm.

charta (kar'-tah) [xapTrjs, paper]. A paper. In
pharmacy, a strip of paper the fibers of which are
impregnated with a medicinal substance. Also a
wrapper for holding powders, c. cantharidis, c.
epispastica, blistering-paper, c. emporetica, porous
or bibulous paper, c. exploratoria, test-paper.
c. sinapis (U. S. P.), mustard-paper.

chartreuse (shar-trooz') [Fr.]. A tonic cordial,
obtained by distillation from various plants growing
on the Alps.

chartula (kart'-u-lah) [dim. of charta]. A little
paper, especially a paper containing a single dose of a
medicinal powder.

chasma, chasmus (kaz'-mah, kaz'-mus) [xcutaioj, a
gaping]. A yawn.

Chassaignac's axillary muscle {shas-a-nyak')
[Edouard Pierre Marie Chassaignac, French surgeon,
1 804-1 879]. A nonconstant muscular bundle that
extends across the axillary hollow from the lower
border of the latissimus dorsi to the lower border of
the pectoralis minor or to the brachial fascia. C.'s
tubercle, the carotid tubercle on the transverse pro-
cess of the sixth cervical vertebra.

chaudepisse (shod-pes) [Fr. "hot urine"]. The
scalding and painful urination of the acute stage of
gonorrhea.

chauffeur's fracture (sho-fer). Same as Colles'
fracture; caused by "back fiie" of the motor which
suddenly jerks the crank handle in the opposite
direction from which it is being turned.

chaulmoogra, or chaulmugra oil (chawl-moog'-rah)
[E. Ind.]. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of
Gynocardia odorata, a tree native to the East Indies.
It is soluble in alcohol, and its properties are due to
gynocardic acid. It is used in leprosy, in scaly
eczema, psoriasis, and syphilitic skin affections.
For external use, 1 part of the acid to 24 of petroleum.
Internally, 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc.) of the oil or
§-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.) of the acid, in capsules.

Chaussier's areola (sho-se-a') [Frangois Chaussier,
French physician, 1746-1828]. The areola of in-
flammatory induration of a malignant pustule.
C.'s line, the raphe of the corpus callosum.

Chautard's test for acetone (sho-tar'). Allow
sulphurous acid to pass through a solution of 0.25
Gm. of fuchsin in 500 Cc. of water until the solution
becomes yellow. On the addition of a portion of
this to the liquid to be tested for acetone it will
assume a violet color if acetone is present.

Chauveau's retention theory (sho-vo') [Auguste
Chauveau, French veterinarian, 1827- ]. See
under immunity.

chawstick (chaw'-stik). See chewstik.

chaya, c.-root (chi'-ah). The plant, Aerva lanata.
Syn., shaya-root.

Ch. B. Abbreviation for Chirurgice Baccalaureus,
Bachelor of Surgery.

Cheadle-Barlow's disease [Walter Butler Cheadle,
English physician]. See Barlow's disease.

check (chek) [OF., eschec, from Pers. shah, a king].
A sudden stop, c.-experiment. See control experi-
ment, c.-ligament. See ligament, check-.

checkerberry (chek' -er-ber-e) . A popular name for
Gaultheria procumbens.

cheek (chek) [AS., cedce]. The side of the face;
it is composed of fat, areolar tissue, muscles, etc.
c. bone, the malar bone. c. teeth, the molar teeth.

cheese (chez) [AS., else]. A food prepared from
the casein of skimmed or unskimmed milk.

cheesy (chez'-e) [cheese]. Of the nature of cheese.
c. degeneration, c. necrosis, caseous degeneration
or caseation; the conversion of the tissues into a
substance resembling cheese, c. tubercle, a tubercle
that has undergone cheesy necrosis.

cheil-, cheilo- (kil-, ki-lo-). For words thus be-
ginning see chil- or chilo-.

cheiranthin (ki-ran'-thin). A glucoside from the
leaves and seeds of Cheiranthus cheiri, with action
similar to that of digitalis.

cheiro- (ki-ro-). For words thus beginning see
chiro-.

chekan, cheken (chek'-en) [Chilian]. 1. The
leaves of Eugenia cheken, a South American shrub.
It is diuretic and expectorant and similar in action
to eucalyptus. It is used in chronic pharyngitis,
laryngitis, etc. Dose of the fluidextract \-i dr.
(2-4 Cc). 2. The crude resin obtained from
Cannabis indica.

chelate (ke'-lat) [xvM, a claw]. 1. Claw-shaped.
2. Having claw-shaped appendages or processes.

chelene (ke-len'). Ethyl chloride.

chelerythrine (kel-er' -ith-ren) , C19H17NO4. A pois-
onous alkaloid obtained from Chelidonium.

chelidonine (kel-id'-o-nen) [chelidonium], C19H17-
N3O3+H2O, or C19H17NO4. A crystalline alkaloid of
celandine (Chelidonium majus). c. phosphate, a
white, crystalline powder, soluble in water; it is
used as an analgesic, c. sulphate, (C2oHi9NOs)2H2S04,
a white crystalline substance, soluble in water; it is
a narcotic like morphine, but less toxic. Dose I5-3
gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.).

chelidonism (kel-id' -on-izm) . Poisoning by Chel-
idonium majus; it is marked by inflammation of the
mouth and gastrointestinal tract and hematuria.
It is due to the action of chelerythrine.

chelidonium (kel-id-o'-ne-um) [xekiB6vi.ov, celan-
dine]. Celandine. The leaves and stems of C.
majus, with properties due to a number of alkaloids
and acids. It is a drastic cathartic and externally
an irritant, and has been used in jaundice, whooping-
cough, and catarrhal pneumonia. Dose of the plant
10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of the juice 5-20 min.
(0.32-1.3 Cc.).# Unof.

chelidoxanthin (kel-id-o-zan' -thin) [chelidonium].
One of the bitter, crystalline constituents of celandine.

cheloid (ke'-loid). See keloid.

cheloma (ke-lo'-mah). Same as keloid.

chelonin (kel'-on-in). See balmony.

chelotomy (ke-lot'-o-me). See kelotomy.

Chelsea pensioner (chel'-se) [Chelsea, town in
Englandl. Compound confection of guaiacum; it
contains guaiacum resin, 1; rhubarb, 2; acid potas-
sium tartrate, 7.5; nutmeg, 1; sublimed sulphur,
14.5; and clarified honey, 74. It is a popular remedy
(in England) for rheumatism and gout.

chematropism (kem-at'-ro-pizm). See chemotr op-
ism, and chemotaxis.

chemical, chemic (kem'-ik-al, kem'-ik) [chemistry].
Of or pertaining to chemistry, c. antidote, an anti-
dote which decomposes a poison, c. equation, the
formula representing a chemical reaction, c. food,
compound syrup of phosphates, c. reflex. Same
as humoral reflex, q. v.

chemicity (kem-is'-it-e). The state of having
chemical properties.

chemicoanalytic (kem-iko-an-al-it'-ik). Relating
to chemical analysis.

chemicocautery (kem-ik-o-kaw'-ter-e). Cauteriza-
tion by means of chemical agents.

cheminosis (kem-in-o' -sis) [chemistry; vbaos, dis-
ease]. Any disease caused by chemical agents.

chemiotaxis, chimiotaxis (kem'-e-o-taks-is, kim'-e-
o-taks-is). See chemotaxis.

chemise (she-mez'). A form of surgical dressing
made of muslin and applied after operations upon
the rectum or bladder to control or prevent hemor-
rhage.

chemism (kem'-izm) [xny-f-ia., chemistry]. 1.
Chemical force. 2. Iatrochemistry or chemiatry.-
See spagirism. 3. The theory that assumes the
development of the universe to be due to chemical
processes.

CHEMIST

214

CHIGNON FUNGUS

chemist (kem'-ist). i. One skilled in chemistry.
2. A druggist, c. pharmaceutical, a druggist.

chemistry (kem'-is-tre) [x^aa, chemistry]. The
science of the molecular and atomic structure of
bodies, p., actinic, c, actino-, that treating of
decomposition of light, c, analytic, that concerned
in the determination of the constituents and decom-
position-products of substances; also in the estima-
tion of the relative proportion of their elements and
the number and interrelation of the atoms contained
in a molecule, c, animal, that dealing with animal
substances, c, atomic, that concerned in the
structure of molecules, the relations of their con-
tained atoms, and the laws governing their com-
bination, c, electro-. See electrochemistry, c,
empirical, c, experimental, i. The sum of chemical
knowledge established by experiments. 2. The car-
rying on of experiments for determining chemical
laws and knowledge, c, forensic, that concerned
in legal investigations, c, galvano-. See galvano-
chemistry. c, inorganic, the chemistry of substances
which do not contain carbon, c, organic, the chem-
istry of organic substances, or of the carbon com-
pounds, c, physiological, the chemistry of the vital
processes of animals and plants, c, pneumatic, the
chemistry of vapors and gases, c, stcechiometric.
See c, atomic, c, synthetic, that which deals with
the building-up of compounds from their elements.

chemocephalus (kem-o-sef '-al-us) [xanal, low; ne<f>-
a\r], head]. An individual possessed of a flat head.

chemoceptor (kem-o-sep'-tor). One of the side
chains or receptors in a living cell, having the power
of fixing chemical substances in the same way that
bacterial toxins are fixed.

chemoimmunology (kem-o-im-u-nol'-o-je). The
study of the chemical processes concerned with the
problem of immunity.

chemolysis (kem-ol'-is-is). Chemical decomposi-
tion.

chemoreceptor (kem-o-re-sep'-tor) . See chemoceptor.

chemosis (ke-mo'-sis) [x^/wais, a gaping). Swelling
of the conjunctiva.

chemosmosis (kem-os-mo'-sis) [chemistry; cb<r/i6s,
an impulse]. Chemical action resulting from
osmosis.

chemosmotic (kem-os-mot'-ik). Relating to or due
to chemosmosis.

chemosynthesis (kem-o-sin'-thcs-is). The building
up of compounds by chemical action.

chemo tactic (kem-o-iak'-tik) [chemotaxis]. Pertain-
ing or relating to chemotaxis.

chemotaxis (kem-o-taks'-is) [chemistry; raaaeiv,
to order, arrange]. The property of cellular attrac-
tion and repulsion. It is displayed by the protein
constituents of the protoplasm of various species of
bacteria, as well as by proteids from a great variety
of sources. The qualifications positive and negative
are added according as the phenomenon is one of
attraction or repulsion.

chemotherapy (kem-o-ther'-ap-e). Treatment of
disease based on the affinity which is supposed to
exist between various chemical agents and the
tissues of the body or invading microorganisms.

chemotic ike-mot' -ik) [chemosis). Pertaining to or
marked by chemosis.

chemo tropism (kem-ot'-ro-pizm) [chemistry; rpoirr),
a turning]. The destruction of bacteria by phago-
cytes; the victory of the phagocytes over bacteria,
or of bacteria over phagocytes. In biology, the
attraction of leukocytes by certain chemical sub-
stances held in solution in the blood. Cf. chemotaxis.

chenopodium {ken-o-po' -de-um) [xv"> a goose;
■koSlov, a little foot]. American wormseed; the fruit
of C. ambrosioides, or anthelminticum, a plant native
to the United States, with properties due to a volatile
oil, which is the only preparation used. It is an
efficient anthelmintic against the roundworm, c,
oil of {oleum chenopodii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min.
(0.32-1.0 Cc).

cheoplastic (ke-o-plas'-tik) [x&w, to pour; ir\aa-
tikos, plastic]. Made soft and yielding by heat.
c. metal, an alloy composed of tin, silver, and bis-
muth, with a small trace of antimony

Cherchewsky's disease (sher-shef'-ske) [Michael
Cherchewsky, Russian physician]. Nervous ileus.
An affection, closely simulating intestinal obstruc-
tion, that has been observed in neurasthenia.

cheromania, chseromania (ker-o-ma'-ne-ah). See
amenomania.

cherophobia iker-o-fo'-be-ah) [xaipeiv, to rejoice;

<pbfios, fear]. Morbid fear of gaiety, or of being happy,
cherry (cher'-e) [icepavos, cherry-tree]. The bark
of the common cherry, Prunus serotina, a mild bitter
and tonic containing tannin. Dose of fluidextract
£-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). Prunin, a concentrated extract;
dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). See also choke-cherry
and Prunus virginiana. c.-laurel, the European
evergreen cherry, Prunus laurocerasus. Water
distilled from its leaves is used in the same way as
dilute hydrocyanic acid. Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4
Cc). c, wild. See prunus.

chervil (shur'-vil) [AS., cerfille]. The European
potherb Anthriscus cerefolium. It is said to be
deobstruent, diuretic, and emmenagog.

Chervin's method (sher'-van) [Claudius Chervin,
French teacher, 1 824-1 896]. A method of treating
stuttering.

chest. See thorax, c, alar, c, paralytic, c,
phthisical, c, pterygoid, a narrow thorax having a
winged appearance from abnormal projection of the
wings of the scapula, c, barrel-, a peculiar forma-
tion of the chest observed in cases of long-standing
emphysema of the lungs; it is round, like a barrel,
and in respiration is lifted vertically instead of being
expanded laterally, c, emphysematous. See c,
barrel-.

chestnut. See castanea.

chewstick (chu'-stik). The bark of Gonania
domingensis , a popular aromatic bitter in the West
Indies. It is also used as a dentifrice and masti-
catory. Dose of the fluidextract j-ij.

Cheyne's nystagmus. See Cheyne-Stokes' nystag-
mus. C.'s symptom. See Cheyne-Stokes' respiration.

Cheyne's operation (chain) [William Watson
Cheyne, English surgeon]. For the radical cure
of femoral hernia; after reducing the hernia, a flap
of the pectineus muscle is raised and made to cover
the hernialforifice.

Cheyne-Stokes' asthma (chain-stoks) [John Cheyne,
Scotch^physician, 1777-1836; William Stokes, Irish
physician, 1804-1878]. Dyspnea due to pulmonary
congestion*' in an advanced stage of chronic myo-
carditis. C.-S.'s nystagmus, a variety of nystagmus
in which the oscillations of the eyeball have a rhyth-
mic variation similar to the rhythm of Cheyne-
Stokes' respiration. C.-S.'s phenomenon, C.-S.'s
respiration, a peculiar type of breathing in which
there is a rhythmic increase of the respirations up
to a certain degree of rapidity, then gradually de-
creasing again to temporary cessation. It occurs
in certain grave affections of the central nervous
system, heart, and lungs, and in intoxications.

Chian (ki'-an). Pertaining to Chios, an island in
the iEgean Sea. C. turpentine. See terebinthina.

chiasm, chiasma (ki'-azm, ki-az'-mah) [x<-a$eiv, to
make a cross, as an X]. 1. The optic commissure.
2. A crossing, c, Camper's. See Camper's chiasm.

chiasmal (ki'-az-mal). Pertaining to the optic
chiasm.

chiastometer (ki-as-tomf-et-er) [xia<rr6s, crossed;
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
any deviation of the optic axes from parallelism.

chibou (see-boo') [Fr.]. The resin or gum of
Bur sera gummifera, a tree in Florida and tropical
America; it is locally valued in diseases of the lung
and kidneys, and is used in various plasters and
ointments; it is called also cachibou and archipin.

chickahominy fever (chik-a-hom'-in-e). A synonym
of Typhomalarial fever.

chicken (chik'-en) [AS., cicen]. The domestic
fowl, c.-breast, an abnormally prominent condition
of the sternum and of the sternal region; pigeon-
breast; it is seen in rhachitic persons, etc. c. cholera.
See cholera, chicken, c.-fat clot, a clot of blood, yel-
lowish in color, consisting largely of fibrin, and con-
taining but few red cells, c.-pox. See varicella.

chicle. See batata.
- chicory (chik'-or-e). dehor ium intybus, a com-
posite plant of Europe and Asia, naturalized and
growing in the United States. Its ground root is
used to adulterate coffee.

chielin (ki'-el-in). A thick, nontoxic, brown, vis-
cous substance isolated from the bulb of the tulip.
It is recommended in eczema and in skin diseases in
veterinary practice.

Chiene's lines [John Chiene, Scotch surgeon, 19th
cent.]. Imaginary lines designed to aid in localizing
the cerebral centers in operations upon the brain.

chignon fungus (shen-yon(g)) [Fr.]. A fungoid
disease of the hair in which oval or roundish masses

CHIGOE

215

CHIRATIN

s urround the hair-shaft at irregular intervals. It is
also miscalled chignon gregarine.

chigoe (chig'-o) [Ft., chique]. Sand-flea; sarcop-
sylla penetrans, a small parasite of the skin, affecting
usually that portion between the toes and fingers;
also the red harvest mite, leptus irritans. It is also
written chigo, chegoe, chigga, chiggre, chigger, jigger.

chilalgia (kil-al'-je-ah) [xeiXos, lip; &\y6s, pain].
Neuralgia affecting the lips.

chilblain (chil'-blan) [AS., cele, cold; blegen, a boil].
A congestion and swelling of the skin, due to cold,
and attended with severe itching or burning; vesicles
and bullae may form, and these may lead to ulcera-
tion^ Syn., erythema pernio; pernio.

childbed. The popular term for the puerperal
state, c. fever, puerperal fever.

childbirth. Parturition.

child-crowing. The crowing sound of the respira-
tion that characterizes laryngismus stridulus.

chilectropion (ki-lek-tro'-pe-on) [xetXos, lip; ectro-
pion]. Eversion of the lip.

Chili saltpeter. Sodium nitrate.

chilitis (ki-li'-tis) [x^Xos, lip; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the lip.

chill (chit) [AS., cele, chilliness]. A sensation of
cold accompanied by shivering, usually appearing
shortly after exposure to cold or wet. It is frequently
the initial symptom of acute disorders, as pneumonia,
etc. It is a prominent symptom of various forms of
malarial fever.

chills and fever. A popular term for intermittent
fever.

chilo- (ki-lo-) [xeTAoj, lip]. A prefix meaning
relating to the lips.

chiloangioscope (ki-lo-an'-je-o-skop) [xeiXos, lip;
ayyelov, vessel; o-noireiv, to look]. An apparatus for
observing the circulation of the blood in the human
lip.

chiloangioscopy (ki-lo-an-je-os'-ko-pe) [xeZXos, lip;
ayyeiop, vessel; anoirelv, to look]. The use of the
cheiloangioscope.

chilocace (kil-ok'-as-e) [xeiXos, lip; kclkos, evil].
A firm, reddish swelling of the lip in scrofulous
children.

chilognathopalatoschisis (ki-log-nath-o-pal-at-os'-ki-
s*s) txetXos, lip; yvaBos, jaw; palatum, the palate;
<rxtff«, a splitting]. Marchand's term for a mal-
formation marked by fissure of the lip, alveolar
process, and palate.

chilognathus (ki-log'-na-thus) [xeiXos, lip; ypaBos,
jaw]. Harelip.

chilogramma {ki-lo- gr am' -mah) [xeiXos, lip; ypdp.p.a,
a mark: pi., cheilogrammata]. Jadelot's labial line.

chiloncus (ki-long'-kus) [xeiXos, lip; 6y/cos, tumor].
Tumor of the lip.

chiloplasty (ki'-lo-plas-te) [xeiXos, lip; irXL^eiv,
to form]. Any plastic operation upon the lip.

chilorrhagia (ki-lor-a'-je-ah) [xeiXos, lip; pyyvwai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the lips.

chiloschisis (ki-los' -kis-is) [xeiXos, lip; <rxia«, a
split]. Hare-lip. c. complicated, harelip attended
with fissure of the palate or of the alveolar arch.

chilostomatoplasty (ki-lo- sto-mat-o-plas'-te) [xetXoj,
lip; <TTona, mouth; irXaaaeiv, to form]. Chiloplasty
including restoration of the mouth.

chimaphila (ki-maf'-il-ah) [x«Ipa, winter; <fi[kos,
loving]. Pipsissewa; prince's-pine; the leaves of
C. umbellata, an evergreen found in the United
States, an astringent tonic and excellent diuretic.
The bruised leaves are used as a rubefacient. It is
valuable in dropsy, in renal disease, and in affections
of the urinary passages, c, decoction of (decoclum
chimaphila, B. P.). Dose 1-3 oz. (30-90 Cc).
c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum chimaphila, U. S.
P.). Dose |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

chimaphilin (ki-maf -il-in) . A resinoid from the
leaves of Chimaphila umbellata; diuretic in dose of
from one to four grains (0.065 to 0.26 Gm.).

chimney-sweep's cancer. See carcinoma, chimney-
sweep's.

chimogene (ki'-mo-jen) [x«A"^, cold winter
weather; yewa^, to produce]. A highly volatile
liquid proposed by Vanderweyde as a substitute for
rhigolene, ether, etc., producing cold in local anes-
thesia.

chin [AS., tin]. The mentum; the lower part of
the face, at or near the symphysis of the lower jaw.
c.-cough, whooping cough, c.-jerk, c.-renex. See
jaw-jerk and under reflex.

china (kin' -ah or ke'-nah). Same as cinchona.

chinaphthol (kin-af'-thol). A yellow, bitter,
insoluble powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic.
Dose 7i-75 gr. (0.5-5.0 Gm.) daily. Syn., quinine
belanaphthol-a-monosulphate.

chinaseptol (kin-a-sep'-tol). See diaphtol.

chinine, chininum (kin'-en, kin-in'-um). See
quinine.

cbinoform (kin'-o-form). A compound of formal-
dehyde with cincho tannin. Syn., quinoform.

chinoidine, chinoidinum (kin-oi'-den, kin-oi-di'-
num) [Sp., china]. Quinoidine. A mixture of
amorphous alkaloids obtained in the manufacture of
quinine. It has the therapeutic properties of qui-
nine. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.). c, animal, a
substance giving, like quinine, a blue fluorescence in
solutions of dilute acids, first obtained by Bence-
Jones from the liver, but found in all the organs and
tissues of the body, especially in the nerves, c.
borate, yellowish scales, soluble in water and alcohol,
used as is chinoidine. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.).
c. citrate, reddish scales, soluble in water and alcohol.
Dose 5-25 gr. (0.32-1.6 Gm.). c. tannate, a yellow
or brown powder, slightly soluble in alcohol; anti-
pyretic, astringent, and tonic. Dose 2-12 gr.
(0.13-0.8 Gm.). In veterinary practice it is given
in hog-cholera in 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) doses 3 times
daily.

chinol (kin'-ol). Quinoline monohypochlorite,
C9H6N . CIO, a white, crystalline, odorless powder,
with a pungent taste; soluble in alcohol, almost
insoluble in cold or hot water. It is antipyretic and
analgesic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.32 Gm.).

chinoline, chinolina (kin'-o-len, kin-o-W -nah) .
See quinoline.

chrnone (kin' -on). See quinone.

chinopyrin (kin-o-pi'-rin). See quinopyrine.

chinoral (kin'-or-al). An oily, bitter liquid con-
taining quinine and chloral; antiseptic and hypnotic.
Dose 1-15 gr. (0.06-1.0 Gm.). Syn., quinochloral.

chinosol (kin'-o-sol). See quinosol.

chinotoxin (kin-o-toks'-in). A synthetic compound
said to possess properties similar to those of curare.
Syn., diquinolin dimethyl sulphate.

chinotropin (ki-no-tro'-pin). Quinate of urotropin;
used as a urinary antiseptic and uric acid solvent;
dose, gr. 5-15 (0.3-10 Gm.).

chinovin (kin'-o-vin) [china, quinine], C30H38O8.
A glucoside obtained from cinchona.

chiolin (ki'-ol-in). A proprietary remedy for
diseases of the skin.

chionablepsia, chionablepsy (ki-on-ab-lep' -se-ah,
ki-on-ab-lep'-se) [x'«", snow; a(3\&pia, without
sight]. Loss of sensibility of the retina resulting
from the exposure of the eyes to reflection of the
sunlight upon snow; snow-blindness.

chionanthin (ki-o-nan'-thin) [x^v, snow; avdos, a
flower]. A precipitate from the tincture of the
rootbark of Chionanthus virginiana; it is an aperient,
diuretic, tonic, and narcotic. Dose 1 to 3 grains.

Chionanthus (ki-o-nan' -thus) [x^v, snow; avdos, a
flower]. A genus of oleaceous trees and shrubs.
C. virginiana, fringe-tree or poison-ash. The root is
used as a vulnerary.

chionyphe (ki-on'-if-e). Madura-foot.

chionyphe (ki-on'-if-e) [xwv, snow; i><j>ri, a texture].
1. See mycetoma. 2. A genus of fungi, c. Carteri,
a parasitic fungus, apparently the cause of the
disease known as fungus foot, or madura foot, q. v.

chiragra (ki-rag'-rah) [x«P, the hand; ay pa, a
seizure]. Gout in the hand.

chiralgia (ki-ral'-je-ah). See chiragra.

chirapsia (ki-rap' '-se-ah) [xe'p. hand; a^is, a
touching]. Friction with the hand; massage.

chirarthritis (ki-rar-thri'-tis) [x«P, hand; apdpov,
a joint; ins, inflammation]. Rheumatism or ar-
thritis of the hand.

chirata, chiretta (ke-ra'-tah, ke-re'-tah) [Hind.,
chiraela, a species of gentian]. The dried plant of
Swertia chirayita. It resembles gentian in its thera-
peutic properties, and is an excellent tonic. It does
not contain tannin. Dose of the powdered plant
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum
chirata, U. S. P.). Dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). c,
infusion of (infusum chirata, B. P.). Dose 2 oz.
(64 Cc). c, tincture of (tinctura chirata, B. P.)
(10 % strength). Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

chiratin, chirettin (kir-at'-in, ki-ret'-in) [Hind.,
chiraela, a species of gentian], C26H48O15. A light-
yellow, crystalline, bitter glucoside, obtained from
chirata.

CHIRETTA

216

CHLORALIN

chiretta (kir-et'-ah). See chirata.

chirismus (ki-riz'-mus) [xet.pt.op6s, a handling].
I. Manipulation; a kind of massage. 2. Spasm of the
hand.

chiro-, cheiro- (ki-ro-) [xdp, the hand]. A prefix
meaning hand.

chirokinesthetic (ki-ro-kin-es-thet'-ik) [xdp, hand;
kinesthetic]. Relating to the subjective perception
of the motions of the hand, particularly in writing.

chirol (ki'-rol). A solution of resins and fatty oils
in a mixture of ethers and alcohols, used as a pro-
tective varnish for the hands in surgery.

chirology (ki-rol'-o-je) [xdp, hand; \6yos, science].
A method of communicating with deaf-mutes by
means of the hands; it is distinct from dactylology.

chiromancy (ki-ro-man'-se). See palmistry.

cbiromania {ki-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [xdp, hand; pavla,
insane desire]. Masturbation.

chiromegaly (ki-ro-meg'-al-e) [xdp, hand; peyaXrj,
large]. Enlargement of one, or both hands, but not
of akromegalic nature. Syn., pseudoakrcmegaly.

chirometer (ki-rom'-et-ur) [xdp, hand; pkrpov,
measure]. Osiander's instrument for measuring a
distance on the finger in manual pelvimetry.

chiropelvimeter (ki-r o-p el-vim' -et-er) [chiro-; pelvis;
p-erpov, a measure]. In manual pelvimetry, an
instrument for measuring the hand.

chiroplasty (ki'-ro-plas-te) [xdp, hand; nXaooeiv,
to form]. A plastic operation on the hand.

chiropodalgia (ki-ro-pod-al'-je-ah). See acrodynia.

chiropodist {ki-rop' -o-dist) [chiro-; irovs, foot].
A surgeon or person who professionally treats dis-
eases of the hands and feet, especially corns, bunions,
and affections of the nails.

chiropody (ki-rop' -od-e) [xdp, hand; irous, foot].
The business or profession of a chiropodist.

chiropompholyx (ki-ro-pom-fo'-liks) [xdp, hand;
7r6p.0oXu£, blister]. Dysidrosis: pompholyx; an ill-
defined, inflammatory skin-disease confined to the
hands and feet, and characterized by the develop-
ment of peculiar vesicles or blebs, arranged in groups.

chiropractic (ki-ro-prak'-tik) [xdp, the hand;
vpaaauv, to do]. A method of restoring health by
manipulation of the spinal column.

chirospasm (ki' -ro-spazm) [xdp, the hand; oira.op.bs,
a drawing]. Writers' cramp.

chirotheca, cheirotheca (ki-ro-the'-ka) [chiro-; 017/07,
case]. A long, narrow roller bandage for wrapping
the fingers, c. completa, one for all the fingers of a
hand. c. incompleta, one for a single finger only.

chirurgeon (ki-rur'-jon) [xeipovpybs, a surgeon].
A surgeon.

chirurgery (ki-rur'-jer-e) [chirurgia, from xdp,
hand; tpyov, work]. Same as surgery.

chirurgia (ki-rur'-je-ah) [see chirurgeon]. Surgery.

chirurgical (ki-rur'-jik-al) [xeipovpyia, surgery].
Pertaining to surgery.

chirurgicogynecological (ki-rur-je-ko-jin-e-kol-oj'-ik-
al). Pertaining to surgical operations for gyneco-
logical conditions.

chitin (ki'-tin) [x^twv, a tunic], C15H26N2O10. A
colorless skeleton; the animal analogue of the cellulose
of plants.

chitinization (kit-in-iz-a'-shun). Transformation
into chitin.

chitinous (ki'-tin-us). Resembling chitin. c. de-
generation, amyloid degeneration.

chitonitis (ki-ton-i'-tis) [xit&v, a tunic; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of any investing mem-
brane.

chitosan (kit'-o-san), C14H26N2O10. A cleavage-
product of chitin heated to 1800 C. with alkali and
a little water; it is soluble in dilute acids.

chittim-bark (chit' -im-bark) . See cascara sagrada.

chlamydobacteria (klam-id-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [x\apvs,
mantle; bacteria]. Bacteria surrounded by a thick
capsule or sheath.

chlamydospore (klam'-id-o-spor) [x^apvs, mantle;
oiropa, seed]. In biology, applied to a spore having
its own protective envelope.

chlamydozoa (klam-id-o-zo'-ah) [x^apvs, cloak;
fwoj/, animal]. Protozoa consisting of a cell or cells
surrounded by a capsule.

chliasma (kli-az'-mah) [x^i-aiveiv, to make warm].
A fomentation, a poultice.

chloasma (klo-az'-mah) . [x^oa^eiv, to be pale
green]. A deposit of pigment in the skin, occurring
in patches of various sizes and shapes, and of a
yellow, brown, or black color. Syn., discolor ations;
melanoderma; melasma, c. hepaticum, liver-spots;

a form following dyspepsia and popularly associated
with hepatic disturbance, c. phthisicorum, the
brown patches upon the skin of the forehead or upper
portions of the cheeks in tuberculous patients, c.
uterinum, chiefly located on the forehead, temples,
cheeks, nipples, and median line of abdomen. They
are marked during pregnancy, and often during
menstruation.

chloracetic acid (klor-as-e'-tik). See acid, chlor-
acetic.

chloracetization (klor-as-et-iz-a'-shun). The pro-
duction of local anesthesia by chloroform and glacial
acetic acid.

•chloracetyl (klor-as'-et-il). 1. C2CI2. A radical
formed from acetyl by the replacement of hydrogen
with chlorine. 2. Acetyl chloride.

chloracne (klor-ak'-ne) [chlorine; acne]. An acnei-
form eruption of the face, chest and back, occurring
in workers in* chlorine, and the chlorides.

chloral (klo'-ral) [chlorine; aldehyde], C2CI3HO. A
pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is
often misapplied to chloral hydrate. Syn., aceto-
chloral; trichlorated or trichloracetic aldehyde, c,
anhydroglyco-, chloralose. c, anhydrous, chloral
as distinguished from chloral hydrate, c. antipyrine.
See hypnal. c, butyl- (butyl-chloral hydras, B. P.),
croton-chloral, C4H5CI3 +OH2O, a solid occurring in
crystalline scales, resembling chloral hydrate, but
made with butyl, OH9, as a base, instead of ethyl,
C2H5. Its properties are similar to those of chloral,
but are much feebler. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.)
in syrup, c.-caffeine, the residue upon evaporation
of a concentrated aqueous or alcoholic solution of
chloral hydrate 7.8 parts and caffeine 10 parts;
hypnotic, sedative, and analgesic. Injection, 3-6
gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily, c, camphor-
ated, a liquid made by triturating equal parts of
chloral hydrate and camphor; it is an anodyne.
c. hydrate (chloralum hydratum, U. S. P.), a colorless,
crystalline solid having the composition QHCLKHO^;
the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic,
antispasmodic, and depressant to the cerebral,
medullary, and spinal centers, and to a limited
extent is an anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers
accompanied by cerebral excitement, in chorea,
convulsions, and in delirium tremens, but should be
used with great caution. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3
Gm.). c, syrup of (B. P.). Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).
c. urethane. See uralium.

chlorala.cetaldoidme](klo-ral-as-et-al-doks'-im) , C4H6-
NO2CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in
alcohol and ether, melting at 74° C. It is hypnotic.

chloralacetophenonoxime (klo-ral-as-et-o-fe-non-oks'-
im), C6H5 . CH3C. A substance forming colorless
prisms, soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 8i° C.
It is used in tetanus and epilepsy.

chloralacetoxime (klo-ral-as-et-oks'-im), C4H8N2O.
CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol
and ether, and melting at 720 C. It is hypnotic.

chloralamide (klo-ral'-am-id). See chloralform-
amide.

chloralbacid (klo-ral-bas'-id). A compound of
chlorin and albumin. It is used as a tonic in gastric
disorders. Dose 73-15 gr- (0.5-1.0 Gm.). c.
sodium, a compound of chloralbacid and sodium;
it is used in gastric and intestinal affections. Dose
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) before meals.

chloralbenzaldoxime (klo-ral-ben-zal-doks'-im), C9-
H8NO2CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in
alcohol and ether, melting at 62 ° C. It is hypnotic
and antiseptic.

chloralcamphoroxime (klo-ral-kam-for-oks'-im), C12-
H18NO2CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in
alcohol and ether, melting at 980 C. It is hypnotic,
stimulant, and antiseptic.

chloralformamide (klo-ral-form'-am-id). A crystal-
line solid (chloralformamidum, U. S. P.), C3H4CI3NO2.
Used as a hypnotic. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.).

chloralic (klo-ral'-ik). Relating to chloral.

chloralid (klo'-ral-id) [chloral], C5H2CI6O3. A sub-
stance obtained when trichlorlactic acid is heated to
1 50°, with an excess of chloral; it crystallizes from
alcohol and ether, in large prisms, and is insoluble in
water.

chloralimide (klo-ral'-im-id) [chloral; imide], CCI3 .-
CH . NH. A hypnotic allied to chloral, soluble in
alcohol. The dose is the same as that of chloral
hydrate.

chloralin (klo'-ral-in). An antiseptic fluid con-
taining monochlorphenol and bichlorphenol. It is

CHLORALISM

217

CHLOROFORM

used in 2 to 3 % solution; as a gargle, in 0.5 to 1 %
solution.

chloralism (klo'-ral-izm) [chloral]. 1. Chloral-
poisoning, the morbid state caused by the injudicious
use of chloral. 2. The habit of using chloral.

chloralization (klo-ral-iz-a'-shun). 1. See chloralism.
2. Anesthesia by means of hydrated chloral.

chloralize (klo'-ral-lz) [chloral]. To put under
influence of chloral.

chloralorthofonn (klor'-al-or'-tho-form). Trade
name of a combination of chloral and orthoform
recommended as a local anaesthetic.

chloralose (klo'-ral-os) [chloral; glucose], CsHn-
CI3O5. Anhydroglyco-chloral ; a product of the
action of anhydrous chloral upon glucose. It is
used as a hypnotic. Dose 3-14 gr. (0.2-0.9 Gm.).

chloraloximes {klo-ral-oks'-ims) . A series of chem-
ical compounds the physiological activities of which
are claimed to be due to their splitting up in the
system into chloral hydrate and their respective
oximes. See chloralacetoxime, chloralbenzaldoxime,
etc.

chloraloxylose (klo-r al-o-zi'-los) [chloral; xylose].
A combination of hydrated chloral and xylose. A
convulsivant.

chloralum (klo'-ral-um). 1. Chloral. 2. Crude
aluminum chloride mixed with various sodium and
calcium salts; a disinfectant, c. hydratum, the
official name of chloral hydrate in the U. S. P.

chloralurethane (klo-r al-u'-re-than). Same as ural.

chloramide (klo' -ram-id). Same as chloralamide.

chloranemia, chloranaemia (klor-an-e'-me-ah).
Synonym of chlorosis.

chloranodyne (klor-an'-o-din) [chlorine; anodyne],
A proprietary remedy, introduced as an improvement
on chlorodyne. It contains morphine hydrochloride,
tincture of cannabis indica, chloroform, dilute
hydrocyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an adult
15 min. (1 Cc).

chlorargentate (klor-ar'-j en-tat). A combination of
silver chloride with the chloride of some other radical
or element.

chlorarsenous (klor-ar-se'-nus) . Arsenous and also
containing chlorine.

chlorate (klo'-rat) [chlorine]. A salt of chloric
acid.

chlorated (klo'-ra-ted). Containing, combined
with, or charged with chlorine.

chlorazol (klo'-raz-ol). A highly toxic, oily liquid,
obtained from albumin, glutin, or dried muscle by
action of strong nitric and hydrochloric acids.

chlorbenzoyl (klor-ben'-zo-tl) . See benzoyl chloride.

chlorbromide (klor-bro'-mid) . A combination of a
radical with chlorine and bromine.

chlorcamphor (klor-kam' -for) . A name for several
compounds of chlorine and camphor.

chloremia, chloraemia {klo-re'-me-ah) [\\wp6s, green;
alfia, blood]. A blood-disorder, either idiopathic or
associated with other ailments, consisting in a dimin-
ution of the percentage of the hemoglobin and a
decrease in the number of red blood-corpuscles.

chlorepatitis (klor-ep-at-i'-tis) [chlorine; hepatitis].
Chronic hepatitis combined with chlorosis.

chlorephidrosis (klor-ef-id-ro'-sis) [chlorine; e<t>L8po-
ais, perspiration]. A condition characterized by
greenish perspiration.

chlorethyl (klo-r eth'-il). See ethyl chloride.

chlorethylene (klor-eth '-il-en) . A substance formed
from ethylene by replacement of one or more atoms
of hydrogen with chlorine, c. chloride, c. dichloride,
C2H3C13, an oil with odor like that of ethene chloride,
boiling at 1150 C; employed as an anesthetic.

chlorethylidene (klor-eth' -il-id- en). A chlorine
substitution-compound of ethylidene. c. chloride,
c. dichloride, C2H4CI2, a liquid used as an anesthetic.
Syn., chlorinated ethyl chloride; monochlor ethylidene
dichloride.

chloretone (klor'-et-dn). See acetone chloroform.

chlorhematin (klor-hem'-a-tin). See hemin.

chlorhydria (klor-hi'-dre-ah). An excess of hydro-
chloric acid in the stomach.

chlorhydric (klor-hi'-drik). Composed of chlorine
and hydrogen; hydrochloric.

chloric (klo'-rik) [chlorine]. Pertaining to or con-
taining chlorine, c. acid. See acid, chloric, c.
ether. 1. See ethyl chloride. 2. See chloroform,
spirit of.

chloride, chlorid (klo'-rid) [chlorine]. A binary
compound, one of the elements of which is chlorine.
c, methyl-. See under anesthetic, local.

chloridrometer (klor-id-rom'-et-ur) [chloride; p.krpov,
measure]. An apparatus for the estimation of chlo-
rides in the urine.

chlorimetry (klor-im'-et-re) [chlorine; \ikrpov, a
measure]. The estimation of the amount of avail-
able chlorine in a compound.

chlorine, chlorin {klo' -r in) [xXwpos, green]. Chlor-
um. CI =35.46; quantivalence I. A greenish-yellow
gas, prepared by decomposing sodium chloride,
NaCl. It is highly irritative to the skin and mucous
membranes, producing spasmodic closure of the
glottis. It is a valuable disinfectant. The liquor
calcis chloridi (B. P.) contains 1 pound of the salt
to a gallon of water. Chloride of lime (calx chlorinata,
U. S. P.), a hypochlorite of calcium, contains free
chlorine and is a valuable disinfectant. Dose, in-
ternally, 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). c.-hunger, the
condition of the body when chlorine (usually in the
form of common salt) is lacking. Among the im-
mediate results of this deficiency are indigestion and
albuminuria, c.-vapor (B. P.), used for inhalation.
c.-water (liquor chlori compositus, U. S. P.), contains

4 % of the gas in solution. It is a good antiseptic
wash. Dose internally 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc).

chlorinated (klo'-rin-a-ted). Containing chlorine
or combined with it.

chloriodoform (klo-r i-o' -do-form) , CHCI2I. A yel-
low oil obtained from chloroform by replacement of
one atom of chlorine by an atom of iodine; it boils
at 13 1 ° C. and does not solidify.

chloriodolipol (klo-ri-o-do-lip'-ol). A combination
of creosote and chlorinated phenols, a disinfectant
and antiseptic; in surgery, 2 to 3 % solution is em-
ployed; for inhalation in diseases of the air-passages,

5 % solution.

chlorite (klo'-rit). Any one of the salts of chlorous
acid; they are used as bleaching and oxidizing agents.

chlormethyl (klor-meth'-il). Methyl chloride.
' chloroalbumin (klo-ro-al'-bu-min). A derivative of
peptone, protogen, or albumoses by action of chlorine.

chloroanemia, chloroanaemia (klo-ro-an-e'-me-ah).
Same as chloranemia.

chlorobrom (klo'-ro-brom) [chlorine; bromine]. A
solution each ounce of which contains 30 grains of
chloralamide and of potassium bromide. It is hyp-
notic and useful in sea-sickness.

chlorobromhydrin (klo-r o-brom-hi'-dr in). A sub-
stance formed from glycerol by replacement of two
molecules of hydroxyl with one atom of chlorine
and one of bromine. Syn., Allyl chlorobromhydrin.

chlorodyne (klo'-ro-dln) [chlorine; bbvvrf, painj.
An English proprietary remedy supposed to contain
chloroform, ether, morphine, cannabis indica,
hydrocyanic acid, and capsicum. It is anodyne
and narcotic. Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc).

chloroform (klo'-ro-form) [xXwpos, green; formyl].
Methyl trichloride, CHCI3. A heavy, colorless liquid
obtained by the action of chlorinated lime on methyl-
alcohol. The commercial article, chloroformum
venale, contains 2 % of impurities. Administered
internally in large doses, chloroform produces narcosis
and violent gastroenteritis. In small doses it is
antispasmodic and carminative. Chloroform has
an agreeable odor and a sweetish taste. It solidifies
in the cold, boils at 62° C, and has a specific gravity
at 150 C. of 1.502. Externally it is much employed
as an ingredient of rubefacient and anodyne lini-
ments. Mixed with a large percentage of air and
inhaled, it is one of the most valuable of general
anesthetics, but occasionally (1 : 3000) causes death
by cardiac paralysis. See under anesthetic. Deep
injections of chloroform in the vicinity of the sciatic
nerve have been recommended in sciatica. Syn.,
chloroformum; chloroformyl. c, alcoholized, a
mixture of chloroform and alcohol, c, ammoniated,
equal parts of ammonia in alcohol and chloroform;
antipyretic and anodyne, c, Anschuetz's,

(C6H4<Cg)4.2CHCl3,

a crystalline substance which liberates pure chloro-
form on application of gentle heat. Syn., salicylid
chloroform, c, emulsion of (emulsum chloroformi,
U. S. P.), chloroform, 4; expressed oil of almond, 6;
tragacanth, 1.5; water sufficient to make 100 parts.
c, gelatinized, equal parts of chloroform and white
of egg shaken together, c. liniment (linimentum
chloroformi, U. S. P.), chloroform, 300 Cc; soap
liniment, 700 Cc. c. and morphine, tincture of
(B. P.), a substitute for chlorodyne. Each dose of

CHLOROFORMIN

218

CHOKING

io min. (0.65 Cc.) contains chloroform, ij min.;
ether, | min.; alcohol, i| min.; morphine hydro-
chloride, jV gr.; dilute hydrocyanic acid, f min.;
oiliof peppermint, ^ min.; fluidextract of licorice,
ii min.; treacle and syrup q. s. c, Pictet's, chloro-
form obtained in a pure state by crystallizing at a
low temperature, c, spirit of (spiritus chloroformi,
U. S. P.), pure chloroform, 10; alcohol, 90 parts.
Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). c, tincture of,
compound (tinctura chloroformi composita, B. P.),
chloroform, 2; alcohol, 8; compound tincture of
cardamom, 10. Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc).
c.-water {aqua chloroformi, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose
§-2 oz. (15-60 Cc).

chloroformin (klo-ro-form'-in). A poison extracted
by Auclair from tubercle bacilli by means of chloro-
form. Syn., chloroformobacillin.

chloroformism (klo' -ro-form-izm) [chloroform]. 1.
The use of chloroform to excess for its narcotic
effect. 2. The symptoms produced by this use of
the drug.

chlorofOrmization (klo-ro-form-i-za'-shun). 1. The
act of administering chloroform as an anesthetic
2. The anesthetic results from the inhalation of
chloroform.

chlorogenine (klo-roj' -en-en). See alstonin (2).

chlorol (klo'-rol). A solution of sodium chloride,
mercury bichloride, and hydrochloric acid, each, 1
part, and 3 % of copper sulphate in 100 parts of
water; it is disinfectant and antiseptic.

chloroleukemia (klo-ro-lu-ke'-me-ah). Leukemia
combined with chlorosis.

chlorolin (klo'-ro-lin). A solution said to consist
mainly of the chlorphenols ; recommended as a
disinfectant and as an antiseptic wash in 2 to 3 %
solution.

chlorolymphoma (klo-ro-limf-o'-mah) [xXwpos,
green; lympha, water; 6p<z, a tumor]. Another
name for chloroma; it is thought by some to be a
variety of lymphoma, from its containing lympho-
cytes.

chloroma (klo-ro'-mah) [xXwpos, green; 6>a, a
tumor: pi., chloromata], "Green cancer"; a rare
variety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint, usually seated
upon the periosteum of the bones of the head.

chlorometer (klo-rom' -et-ur) [xXwpos, green; y.krpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for the estimation of the
amount of chlorine in a compound.

chloromorphine (klo-ro-mor'-fen). An intermedi-
ate product between morphine and apomorphine.

chloronaphthol (klo-ro-naf'-thol). A disinfectant,
non-poisonous substitute for carbolic acid; said to
be a combination of creosote with an alkali. It is
used as a dip for cattle to destroy ticks.

chloropercha (klo-ro-purch'-ah). A solution of
guttapercha in chloroform. It is used in dentistry
as nonconducting cavity linings, pulp-cappings, and
for filling the roots of pulpless teeth.

chlorophane (klo'-ro-fan) [xXwpos, green; <palveiv, to
show]. A yellowish-green chromophane. See chro-
mophane.

chlorophthisis (klo-ro-ti'-sis). Pulmonary tubercu-
losis associated with chlorosis.

chlorophyl, chlorophyll (klo'-ro-fil) [xXwpos, green;
<pv\\ov, leaf]. The green coloring-matter of plants.
It decomposes carbon dioxide, setting free oxygen
and forming new organic compounds. This decom-
position takes place only or chiefly in the presence
of sunlight. The chlorophyl is contained in certain
parts of the protoplasm of the plant. It is the sub-
stance by the agency of which carbohydrates are
formed in green plants.

chloropia, chloropsia (klo-ro'-pe-ah, klo-rop' -se-ah)
[xXwpos, green; o^is, vision]. Disordered or defec-
tive vision in which all objects appear green.

chloroplastid (klo-ro-plas'-tid) [xXwpos, green;
vKaacrelv, to form or mould]. In biology, a chloro-
phyl-granule.

chloroplastin (klo-ro-plas'-tin) [xXwpos, green;
•n-Xao-ros, formed]. Schwartz's name for the proto-
plasm in chlorophyl grains.

chloroquinone (klo-ro-kwin'-on). Any chlorine
substitution-compound of quinone.

chlorosalol (klo-ro-sal'-ol). See chlor phenyl sali-
cylate.

chlorosarcoma (klo-ro-sar-ko'-mah). See chloroma.

chlorosin (klo' -rosin). A compound of albumin
and chlorine, used in gastric catarrh.

chlorosis (klo-ro'-sis) [xXwpos, green]. The "green
sickness." A form of anemia, most common in

young women, and characterized by a marked
reduction of hemoglobin in the blood, with but a
slight diminution of red corpuscles. In some cases
there is a hyperplasia of the sexual organs and the
heart and large blood-vessels. The symptoms are
those of anemia — a greenish color of the skin, gastric
and menstrual disturbances. Syn., chldranemia;
chloremia; green sickness; morbus virgineus; pallor
luteus; pallor virginum; parthenosis. c. adultarum,
that occurring between 30 and 40 years of age.
Syn., acmoeochlorosis ; chlorosis tarda, c. aegyptiaca,
c. sethiopum, c, Egyptian, uncinariasis, c. florida,
a rare form of chlorosis in which the color is high.
c. pituitosa. Synonym of mucous colitis, c. tarda.
See c. adultarum. c, tropical, c. tropica, uncinariasis.

chlorosonin (klo-ro'-son-in). A compound of
chloral and hydroxylamine; it is hypnotic.

Chlor ostigma (klo-ro-stig'-mah) [xXwpos, green;
ariyna, stigma]. A genus of plants of the order
Asclepiadacece. C. stuckertianum is a plant of South
America; the root, stem, and leaves are said to
possess powerful galactagogic properties. An alka-
loid, chlorostigmine, has been extracted.

chlorotic (klo-rot'-ik) [chlorosis], 1. Relating to
chlorosis. 2. A person affected with chlorosis.

chlorous (klor'-us). Containing or combined with
chlorine; generally restricted to compounds con-
taining chlorine combined with oxygen, but containing
less oxygen than the chloric compounds.

chlor ozone (klo'-ro-zon) [chlorine; ozone]. A yellow
liquid assumed to be a mixture of chlorine and
ozone; it is formed by passing nascent chlorine
through caustic soda; its composition is not known.
It is a strong bleaching-agent and disinfectant.

chlorphenol (klor-fe'-nol) [chlorin; phenol], C6H4-
Cl . OH. Monochlorphenol, a substance possessed
of antiseptic properties. It is recommended for
inhalation in diseases of the respiratory passages.

chlorphenyl (klor-fen'-il). A substance obtained
from trichlorphenic acid by action of nitric acid.
c. salicylate, CeH4(OH)CO . OCeHUCl, a crystalline
substance obtained from a mixture of orthochlor-
phenol and parachlorphenol by action of phosphorus
pentachloride. The ortho-compound, chlorsalol, is
used as a surgical antiseptic; the para-compound, as
a substitute for phenyl salicylate. Dose 60-90 gr.
(4-6 Gm.) daily. Syn., salicylic chlorphenol ester.

chlorsalol (klor-sa'-lol). See under chlorphenyl
salicylate.

chlorum (klo'-rum) [chlorin]. The official pharma-
ceutical name of chlorine. See chlorine.

chloruret (klor'-u-ret). The same as chloride.

chloryl (klo'-ril). A mixture of ethyl and methyl
chlorides; an anesthetic. Syn., coryl.

Chlumsky's button (klum'-ske). An intestinal
button made of pure magnesium after the pattern
of the Murphy button. It remains undissolved for
four weeks, only the outer part becoming softer.

Ch.M. Abbreviation for Chirurgice Magister,
Master of Surgery.

choana (ko'-an-ah) [xoavq, a funnel; pi., choance].
1. A funnel-like opening. 2. A name applied to
the posterior nasal orifices.

choanoid (ko'-an-oid) [choana; elSos, likeness].
Funnel-shaped.

chocolate (chok'-ol-at) [Mex., chocolatl, chocolate].
A dried paste prepared from the powder of cacao-
seeds (see Cacao) with various mucilaginous and
amylaceous ingredients. It is used to prepare a
beverage, and also as a vehicle, especially for quinine.
c, acorn-, a mixture of ground acorns with pure
chocolate, prepared according to the formula of
Liebreich by Stollwerk, of Cologne. It contains
nearly 2 % of tannic acid and is used in the dietetic
management of diarrhea in enteritis.

chceradology (ker-ad-oV -o-je) [xoipas, scrofula;
X670S, science]. The science of scrofula.

choke (chok) [ME., choken, to choke]. To suffo-
cate; to prevent access of air to the lungs by com-
pression of or by obstructing the trachea, c.-cherry,
the fruit of Primus virginiana (not of the Pharma-
copeia), common in the United States. It is antispas-
modic, tonic, and slightly astringent, c. damp, a
name given by miners to carbon dioxide gas; called
also black-damp.

choked disc (chokd). See papillitis.

chokes (choks). The same as caisson disease, q. v.

choking (chok'-ing). Partial or complete suffo-
cation, whether by the lodgment of food, or any for-
eign body in the larynx, trachea, pharynx, or eso-

CHOL-

219

CHOLERA

phagus, or by the inhalation of any irrespirable gas
or vapor, c. distemper, a name applied in Eastern
Pennsylvania to cerebro-spinal meningitis in the
horse.

chol-, cholo- [xoXj7, bile]. Prefixes meaning bile.

cholaemia. Same as cholemia.

cholagogic (kol-ag-oj'-ik) [cholagogue]. i. Stimu-
lating the flow of bile. 2. A cholagogue.

cholagogue, cholagog (kol'-ag-og) [chol-; drycoyos,
leading], 1. Stimulating the flow or the secretion
of bile. 2. Any agent that promotes the flow of
bile.

cholalic acid (kol-a'-lik). See acid, cholic.

cholangitis (kol-an'-je-i'-tis). Same as cholangitis.

cholangiostomy (kol-an-je-os' '-to-me) [chol-; ayyelov,
vessel; arbna, mouth]. The formation of a fistula
into the gall-bladder.

cholangiotomy (kol-an-je-ot'-o-me) [chol-; Ayyelov,
vessel; tout), a cutting]. The incision of an intra-
hepatic bile-duct for the removal of a calculus.

cholangitis (kol-an-ji' -tis) [chol-; Lyyeiov, vessel;
itvs, inflammation]. Inflammation of a bile-duct.
c, obliterative, closure of the bile-ducts the result of
inflammation.

cholate (kol'-at). Any salt of cholic acid.

cholecyanin (kol-e-si-an'-in). Synonym of bili-
cyanin.

cholecyst, cholecystis (kol'-e-sist, kol-e-sis'-tis)
[chol-; Kvo-ns a bladder]. The gall-bladder.

cholecystalgia (kol-e-sis-tal'-je-ah) [cholecyst, a\yos].
Biliary colic.

cholecystectasia (kol-e-sis-tek-ta'-se-ah) [cholecyst;
eKTao-is, a distention]. Distention or dilatation of
the gall-bladder.

cholecystectomy (kol-e-sis-tek1 '-to-me) [cholecyst;
iKTOnri, a cutting off]. Excision of the gall-bladder.

cholecystendesis. See cholecystendysis.

cholecystendysis (kol-e-sis-ten' -dis-is) [cholecyst;
lvbvo-is, an entering]. Cholecystotomy.

cholecystenteroanastomosis (kol-e-sis-ten' -ter-o-an-
as-to-mo'-sis). Same as cholecystenter ostomy.

cholecystenterorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-en-ter-or'-af-e)
[cholecyst; enter orrhaphy]. The operation of suturing
the gall-bladder to the small intestine.

cholecystenterostomy (kol-e-sist-en-ter-os' -to-me)
[cholecyst; enterostomy]. The artificial establishment
of a communication between the gall-bladder and the
intestine.

cholecystic (kol-e-sis' -tik) [cholecyst]. Relating to
the gall-bladder.

cholecystis (kol-e-sis'-tis). See cholecyst.

cholecystitis (kol-e-sis-ti'-tis) [cholecyst; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the gall-bladder.
c, Eberth's, that due to Bacillus typhi abdominalis.

cholecystocolostomy (kol-e-sis-to-ko-los' -to-me) [cho-
lecyst; colostomy]. The surgical establishment of a
passage between the gall-bladder and the colon.

cholecystocolotomy (kol-e-sis-to-ko-lot'-o-me) [chole-
cyst; colotomy]. Incision into the gall-bladder and
colon.

cholecystoduodenostomy (kol-e-sis-to-du-od-en-os'-
to-me) [cholecyst; duodenostomy]. The establishment
of an artificial communication between the gall-
bladder and the duodenum.

cholecystogastrostomy (kol-e-sis-to-gas-tros' -to-me)
[cholecyst; gastrostomy]. The formation of an opening
between the gall-bladder and the stomach.

cholecystoileostomy (kol-e-sis-lo-il-e-os' '-to-me) [cho-
lecyst; ileostomy]. The formation of an opening
between the gall-bladder and the ileum.

cholecystojejunostomy (kol-e-sis-to-je-jun-os'-to-me)
[cholecyst; jejunoslomy]. The establishment of a
communication between the gall-bladder and the
jejunum.

cholecystolithotripsy {kol-e-sis-to-lith' -ot-rip-se)

[cholecyst; \Wos, a stone; rpLfieiv, to crush]. The
crushing of gall-stones in the gall-bladder.

cholecystoncus (kol-e-sis-tong' -kus) [cholecyst; 6y-
kos, a tumor]. A swelling or tumor of the gall-
bladder.

cholecystopexy (kol-e-sis' -to-pek-se) [cholecyst; 71-17-
£is, fixation]. Suture of the gall-bladder to the
abdominal wall.

cholecystorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-or'-af-e) [cholecyst;
t>a<j>r), a seam]. Suture of the gall-bladder, especially
suture to the abdominal wall.

cholecystostomy (kol-e-sist-os' -to-me) [cholecyst;
o-Tofia, mouth]. The establishment of an opening
into the gall-bladder.

cholecystotomy (kol-e-sist-ot' -o-me) [cholecyst; rkp.-

veiv, to cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder to
remove gall-stones, etc.

choledoch (kol'-e-dok) [choledochus]. 1. Con-
ducting bile. 2. A bile-duct. 3. The common bile-
duct.

choledochectomy (kol-ed-o-kek' -to-me) [choledochus;
iKTOfj.r), excision]. Excision of a part of the common
bile-duct.

choledochendysis (kol-ed-ok-en' -dis-is) [choledochus;
h>b~vo-vs, an entry]. See choledochotomy.

choledochitis (kol-ed-o-ki'-tis) [choledochus; w«,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the common bile-
duct.

choledochoduodenostomy (kol-ed-o-ko-du-od-en-os'-
to-me) [choledochus; duodenum; arona, mouth]. The
surgical establishment of a passage between the
common bile-duct and the duodenum.

choledochoenterostomy (kol-ed-o-ko-en-ter-os' -to-
me) [choledochus; evrepov, bowel; o-rona, mouth].
The surgical establishment of a passage between the
cavity of the common bile-duct and the small in-
testine.

choledocholithiasis (kol-ed-ok-o-lith-i'-as-is) [chole-
dochus; lithiasis]. The formation of a calculus in
the common bile-duct.

choledocholithotomy (kol-ed-ok-o-lith-ot'-o-me) [cho-
ledochus; lithotomy]. The incision of the common
bile-duct for the removal of gall-stones.

choledocholithotripsy (kol-ed-o-ko-lith' -o-trip-se)
[choledochus; \160s, a stone; rpl&eiv, to rub]. The
crushing of a gall-stone in the common bile-duct,
without opening the duct.

choledocholithotrity (kol-ed-o-ko-lith-ot'-rit-e) [chole-
dochus; \idos, a stone; terere, to rub]. The crushing
of a gall-stone in the common bile-duct.

choledochostomy (kol-ed-o-kos' -to-me) [chol-; 8ex*<r-
0eu, to receive; o-rofia, mouth]. The formation
of a fistula in the common bile-duct through the
abdominal wall.

choledochotomy (kol-ed-o-kot'-o-me) [choledochus;
rofiri, section]. An incision into the common bile-
duct.

choledochus (kol-ed'-o-kus) [xoXt), bile; dexeaOai,
to receive]. Receiving or holding bile, c, ductus
communis, the common excretory duct of the liver
and gall-bladder.

choleglobin (kol-e-glo'-bin) [x°Xt;, bile; globin].
Latschenberger's name for the antecedent of bile-
pigment, resulting, in his estimation, from the de-
composition of the coloring-matter of blood.

cholehemia, cholehasmia (kol-e-hem'-e-ah, -he'-me-
ah). See cholemia.

choleic (kol-e'-ik) [x°Xi?, bile]. Pertaining to the
bile.

cholein (kol'-e-in) [xoXi?, bile]. A mixture of several
principles of the bile; a fatty principle found in bile.

cholelith (kol'-e-liih) [chol-; Xi0os, a stone]. A
biliary calculus or gall-stone.

cholelithiasis (kol-e-lith-i'-as-is) [xoXt?, bile; lithi-
asis]. The presence of, or a condition associated
with, calculi in the gall-bladder or in a gall-duct.

cholelithotomy (kol-e-lilh-ot'-o-me) [cholelithiasis;
rkfiveiv, to cut]. An incision for the removal of gall-
stones.

cholelithotripsy (kol-e-lith-ot-rip'-se) [cholelithiasis;
rplxpis, a rubbing]. The operation of crushing a gall-
stone.

cholelithotrity (kol-e-lith-ot'-re-te). See cholelitho-
tripsy.

cholemesis (kol-em'-es-is) [chol-; ep.eais, vomiting].
The vomiting of bile. _

cholemia, cholaemia (kol-e'-me-ah) [xoXt;, bile;
alp.a, blood]. The presence of bile in the blood.

cholemic (ko-le'-mik) [chol-; al/xa, blood]. Relating
to cholemia; marked or caused by cholemia.

choleplania (kol-e-pla'-ne-ah) [xoXrj, bile; TrXdi'T/, a
wandering]. Jaundice.

choleprasin (ko-le-pra'-zin). A bile-pigment.

cholepyrrhin (kol-e-pir'-in) [xo^n, bile; irvppfo,
orange-colored]. 1. The brown coloring-matter of
bile. Syn., bilepyrrhin. 2. Bilirubin.

cholera (kol'-er-ah) [xoXt/, bile; poia, a flow].
1. A name given to a number of acute diseases char-
acterized mainly by large discharges of fluid material
from the bowels, vomiting, and collapse. 2. A
synonym of Asiatic cholera, c, Asiatic, c, algid,
an acute, specific, highly malignant disease, existing
in India and the tropics of Asia during the entire
year, and occasionally spreading as an epidemic over
large areas. It is characterized by vomiting, alvine

CHOLERAGENIC

220

CHONDRAL

discharges resembling flocculent rice-water, severe
cramps, and collapse. The rate of mortality varies
from 10 to 66 %, the average being over 50 %. The
cause is the comma bacillus of Koch, which is always
found in the rice-water discharges. The germs
commonly gain entrance into the system by means
of the drinking-water, c. asphyctica, Asiatic cholera
marked by early collapse and speedy death, c,
barbel. See under barbel. c.~, bilious, a form of the
disease attended with excessive discharge of bile.
c.-blue. See under pigment, c.-cells, c.-corpuscles,
fungi found in dejecta of cholera patients, c,
chicken, a very fatal epidemic disease of fowls,
marked by tumefaction of the lymphatic glands,
with inflammation and ulceration of the digestive
organs, c, English. See c. morbus, c, epidemic.
Synonym of Asiatic cholera, c.-fever. 1. Cholera-
typhoid. 2. Intermittent cholera, c, hog, an
infectious disease attacking swine and characterized
by a patchy redness of the skin, with inflammation
and ulceration of the bowels, enlargement of the
abdominal glands, and congestion of the lungs.
c. infantum, the "summer complaint" of infants and
young children; an acute disease occurring in warm
weather, and characterized by pain, vomiting, purga-
tion, fever, and prostration. The disease is sup-
posed to be caused by the bacillus of Shiga, and is
favored by the prolonged action of heat, together
with errors in diet and hygiene. It is most common
among the poor and in hand-fed babes. The disease
is of short duration, death frequently ensuing in
from 3 to 5 days, c, intermittent, a form of simple
cholera sometimes accompanying the onset of tertian
fevers, c, malignant, Asiatic cholera, c. morbus,
an acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the stomach and intestine, with pain,
purging, vomiting, spasmodic contractions of the
muscles, etc. It is a disease of the heated term and
is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its symptomato-
logy, c. nostras. Same as c. morbus, c. orientalis,
Asiatic cholera, c.-red. See under pigment, c.
sicca, a term applied to those cases of Asiatic cholera
in which rice-water liquid is found in the intestine
after death, though none had been voided during
life, c, sporadic. See c. morbus, c. suppressa.
See c. sicca, c.-typhoid, a soporific condition re-
sembling typhus, lasting from 2 to 7 days, and
attributed to uremia resulting from acute nephritis.
It frequently follows Asiatic cholera.

choleragenic (kol-er-a-jen'-ik) [cholera; yevvav, to
produce]. Tending to produce, or to spread, cholera.

choleraic (kol-er-a'-ik) [cholera]. Pertaining to or
resembling cholera, c. diarrhea, diarrhea charac-
terized by a profuse, exhausting discharge of watery
material.

cholerase (kol'-er-as). The special bacteriolytic
enzyme of the cholera vibrio. Cf. Pyocyanase and
typhase.

choleric (kol'-er-ik). 1. Having abundant bile.

2. Applied to a temperament easily excited to anger.

3. Choleraic.

choleriform {kol-er'-if-orm) [cholera; forma, form].
Resembling or appearing like cholera.

cholerigenous (kol-er-ij'-en-us) [cholera; yeveais,
production]. Giving origin to cholera.

cholerine (kol-er-en') [dim. of cholera]. A mild
form of Asiatic cholera, or the initial stage of a more
severe form.

choleroid (kol'-er-oid) [cholera; elSos, like]. Re-
sembling cholera; choleriform.

choleromania (kol-er-o-ma'-ne-ah). See cholero-
phobia.

cholerophobia (kol-er-ofo'-be-ah) [cholera; <£6/9os,
fear]. Morbid dread of cholera.

cholerotyphus (kol-er-o-li'-fus). 1. See cholera-
typhoid. 2. The most malignant type of Asiatic
cholera.

cholerrhagia {kol-er-aj'-e-ah) [chole-; pr\yvvvai, to
burst forth]. 1. Synonym of cholera morbus. 2. A
flow of bile.

cholerythrin (kol-er'-ilh-rin). See bilirubin.

cholestearin {kol-es-te'-ar-in). See cholesterin.

cholesteatoma (kol-es-te-at-o'-mah) [cholesterin; are-
drufia, a sebaceous tumor: pi., cholesteatomata]. A
teratoid tumor containing plates of cholesterin,
epithelial cells, hair, and other dermal structures,
and occurring most frequently in the brain.

cholesteatomatous (kol-es-te-at-om'-at-us) [chole-;
(TTearufia, a sebaceous turao;]. Of the nature of,
pertaining to, or affected with, cholesteatoma.

cholestegnosis (kol-e-steg-no'-sis) [xoKv, bile; arey-
vaiais, a making close]. Thickening of the bile.

cholesteremia, cholesteraemia, cholesterinemia,
cholesterinaemia (kol-es-ter-e'-me-ah, kol-es-ter-in-e'-
me-ah) [cholesterin; alp.a, blood]. The morbid state
resulting from the retention of cholesterin in the
blood. The condition is probably due to the reten-
tion of the bile acids.

cholesterilins (kol-es-ter'-il-ins). Hydrocarbons-
formed from cholesterin by action of concentrated
sulphuric acid, and supposed to stand in close rela-
tionship to the terpene group.

cholesterin (kol-es'-ter-in) [X0X17, bile; arkap, fat],
C27H45OH. A monatomic alcohol, a constituent of
bile, gall stones, nervous tissue, egg yolk, and blood,
and sometimes found in foci of fatty degeneration.
It is a glistening, white, crystalline substance, soapy
to the touch, crystallizing in fine needles and lhombic
plates. It is insoluble in water, soluble in hot alco-
hol, ether, or chloroform. It is held in solution in
the bile by the bile salts; it is levorotatory. The
power of immunizing against and neutralizing snake-
venom is attributed to it. c, tests for. See Lieber-
mann- Bur chard, Obermueller, Salkowski, Schiff,
Schultze.

cholesterinuria (ko-les-ter-in-u'-re-ah) [cholesterin;
ovpov, urine]. The presence of cholesterin in the
urine.

cholesterol {kol-es'-ter-ol). Same as cholesterin.

cholesteryl (kol-es'-ter-il), C26H45. The radical of
cholesterin.

choletelin (kol-et'-el-in) C16H18N2O6. An amor-
phous, soluble, yellow pigment derived from bilirubin.
It is the final product of the oxidation of bile pig-
ments. It is readily soluble in alkalies, alcohol, and
chloroform.

choletherapy (kol-e-ther'-ap-e) [x°Xi7, bile; therapy].
The remedial use of bile.

choleuria (kol-e-u'-re-ah) [x°M. bile; obpov, urine].
The presence of bile in the urine.

choleverdin (kol-e-ver'-din) [x°Xi7, bile; viridis, green].
See bilicyanin.

cholic (kol'-ik) [xoM, bile]. Pertaining to the
bile. c. acid. See acid, cholic.

cholicele (kol'-is-el) fx°Ai7, bile; K17X77, a tumor].
A tumor of the gall bladder, due to accumulation of
bile.

choline, (kol'-in) [x°X)7, bile], C5H15NO2. A
ptomaine occurring in bile, and elsewhere. It is
also found in the extracts of the suprarenals, and is
a product of the decomposition of lecithin. An
auxetic in cancer.

cholocele (kol'-o-sel). See cholicele.

cholochrome {kol'-o-krom) [X0X17, bile; xpwm«. color].
Any bile pigment.

cholocyanin (kol-o-si'-an-in). Synonym of bili-
cyanin.

cholocyst (kol'-o-sist). See cholecyst.

chologestin (kol-o-jes'-tin). A proprietary chola-
gogue said to contain sodium glycocholate, sodium
salicylate, sodium bicarbonate, and pancreatin.

cholohematin (kol-o-hem'-at-in) [X0X17, bile; alp,a,
blood]. A pigment found in the bile of the ox and
sheep. It is probably a derivative of hematin.

choloidinic acid (kol-oi-din'-ik), C24H38O4. A de-
composition product of cholic acid.

chololith (kol'-o-lith) [x<>M, bile; Xi0os, stone]. A
gall stone.

chololithiasis (kol o-lith-i'-as-is). See cholelithiasis..

chololithic (kol-o-lith'-ik) [X0X17, bile; XWos, a stone]
Pertaining to a cholelith.

choloplania. See choleplania.

cholopoiesis (kol-o-poi-e'-sis) [x<>M, bile; irolricis, a
making]. The formation of bile.

cholorrhagia (kol-or-a'-je-ah) [xoM> bile; priyvvvcu., to
burst forth]. A sudden flow of bile.

cholorrhea (kol-or-e'-ah) [X0X17, bile; pola, a flow].
Any excessive discharge of bile.

cholosis (kol-o'-sis) [x°Xi7, bile]. 1. Any disease
caused by or associated with a perversion of the
biliary secretion. 2. Lameness, c. americana, yel-
low fever.

cholostegnosis. See cholestegnosis.

cholotic (kol-of'-ik) [chol-]. Due to or associated
with a cholosis.

choluria (kol-u'-re-ah) [chol-; obpov, urine]. The
presence of bile, bile-salts, or bile-pigments in the
urine. Also, the greenish coloration of the urine.

chondral (kon'-dral) [chondrus]. Cartilaginous;
relating to or composed of cartilage.

CHONDRALGIA

221

CHORDA

chondralgia (kon-dral'-je-ah) [chondro-; ahyos,
pain]. Pain in or about a cartilage.

chondrectomy (kon-drek' -to-me) [chondro-; inTop.ii,
3. cutting out]. Surgical excision of a cartilage, or
-of a part of one.

chondren (kon'-dren) [chondro-]. Belonging to a
cartilage in itself.

chondric (kon'-drik). See chondral.

chondrification (kon-drif-ik-a'-shun) [chondrus; fa-
cere, to make]. The process of being converted
into cartilage.

chondrify ikon' -drif-i) [chondro-; fieri, to become].
To convert into cartilage; to become cartilaginous.

chondrigen (kon'-drij-en) [chondrin; yevvav, to
produce]. That material of the hyaline cartilage
which on boiling with water becomes chondrin.

chondrigenous (kon-drij'-en-us) [chondrin; yevvav,
to produce]. Producing chondrin; relating to carti-
lage that has not hardened.

chondriglucose (kon-dre-glu'-kos) [chondrin-; yXvKvs,
■sweet]. A material formed by boiling cartilage with
mineral acids. It has a sweet taste and the properties
of glucose.

chondrin (kon'-drin) [chondrus]. A substance
obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage by
boiling. It resembles gelatin in general properties,
"but differs from it in not being precipitated by tannic
acid. c. balls, a substance found in cartilage and
composed of chondromucoid and chondroitic acid.

chondriomite (kon'-dre-o-mit) [chondro-; piros.
thread]. A chain of mitochondria.

chondritis (kon-dri'-tis) [chondro-; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a cartilage.

chondro- (kon-dro-) [chondrus]. A prefix meaning
relating to cartilage.

chondroarthritis (kon-dro-ar-thri'-iis). An inflam-
mation of the cartilaginous parts of a joint.

chondroblast (kon'-dro-blast) [chondro-; /3Xa<rr6s,
germ]. A cell of developing cartilage.

chondroblastoma (kon-dro-blas-to'-mah). Same as
chondroma.

chondrocarcinoma (kon-dro-kar-sin-o'-mah) . A
carcinoma containing cartilaginous tissue.

chondrocele (kon'-dro-sel) [chondro-; Kr)\ri, a tumor].
A sarcocele containing masses resembling cartilage.

chondroclasis (kon-drok' -las-is) [chondro-; Kkaais,
fracture]. The crushing of a cartilage.

chondroclast (kon'-dro-klast) [chondro-; nkaeiv, to
break]. A cell supposed to be concerned in the
absorption of cartilage.

chondrocoracoid (kon-dro-kor'-ak-oid). Relating
to a costal cartilage and to the coracoid process of
the scapula.

chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos'-tal) [chondro-; costa,
a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their cartilages.

chondrocranium (kon-dro-kra'-ne-um) [chondro-;
cranium]. The cartilaginous cranium, as of the
embryo.

chondrocyte (kon'-dro-sit) [chondro-; /euros, cell].
A cartilage cell.

chondrodendron (kon-dro-den'-dron) [chondro-;
Sevdpov, a tree]. A genus of South American meni-
spermaceous climbing plants. C. glaberrimum and
C. tomentosum are among the plants that furnish
pareira.

chondrodialysis (kon-dro-di-aV -is-is) [chondro-; di-
alysis]. The decomposition of cartilage.

chondrodynia (kon-dro-di,n' -e-ah) [chondro-; bSvvrj,
pain]. Pain in a cartilage.

chondrodystrophia (kon-dro-dis-tro'-fe-ah) [chon-
dro-; 8vs, bad; rpk<t>eiv, to nourish]. Fetal rhachitis.
c. foetalis. See achondroplasia and achondroplasty.

chondroepiphysis (kon-dro-ep-if -is-is) [chondro-;
epiphysis]. A cartilage which later develops into a
bony epiphysis.

chondrofetal (kon-dro-fe'-tal). Relating to fetal
cartilage.

chondrofibroma (kon-dro-fi-bro'-mah) [chondro-;
fibra, a fiber; bpa, a tumor: pi., chondrofibromata].
Chondroma with fibromatous elements.

chondrofibromatous (kon-dro-fi-bro'-mat-us) [chon-
dro-; fibra, a fiber; bpa, a tumor]. Of the nature of
chondrofibroma.

chondrogen (kon'-dro-jen) [chondro-; yevvav, to
produce], i. See chondrigen. 2. A substance found
in fetal and early life, forming a part of the tissue
of imperfectly developed cartilage.

chondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen'-es-is) [chondro-; y'ev-
eo-is, formation]. _ The formation of cartilage.

chondrogenetic (kon-dro-jen-et'-ik) [chondro-; ykv-

ea-is, formation]. Forming cartilage; relating to
chondrogenesis.

chondrogenous (kon-droj'-en-us) [chondro-; ykveais,
production]. Of the nature of chondrogen; produc-
ing cartilage.

chondroglossus (kon-dro-glos'-us) . See muscles,
table of.

chondroglucose (kon-dro-glu'-kos) [chondro-; yXvicbs,
sweet]. A glucose obtained from cartilage.

chondrography (kon-drog'-ra-fe) [chondro-; ypd<peiv,
to write]. An anatomical description of the cartilages.

chondroid (kon'-droid) [chondro-; elSos, form].
Resembling cartilage.

chondroitic acid (kon-dro-it'-ik). A complex or-
ganic acid found in small quantities in normal urine.
It is chondroitin-sulphuric acid, and is found in
chondromucoid.

chondrology (kon-drol'-o-je) [chondro-; X670S, sci-
ence]. The science of cartilages.

chondroma (kon-dro' -mah) [chondro-; bpa, tumor].
A cartilaginous tumor.

chondromalacia (kon-dro-mal-a'-se-ah) [chondro-;
ixa\aicia, softening]. Softening of a cartilage, c.
auris. Same as hematoma auris.

chondromatous (kon-drom'-at-us) [chondro-; 6p.a,
a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of cartilage.

chondromucoid (kon-dro-mu'-koid). A mucin
found in cartilage. Cf. osseomucoid; tendomucoid.

chondromyoma (kon-dro-mi-o'-mah) [chondro-; my-
oma]. A neoplasm presenting the characteristics of
both chondroma and myoma.

chondromyxoma (kon-dro-miks-o'-mah) [chondro-;
nv£a, mucus; bpa, a tumor: pi., chondromyxomata],
A chondroma with myxomatous elements.

chondrophyma (kon-dro-fi'-mah) [chondro-; <j>vp.a,
a growth]. 1. A tumor of a cartilage. 2. A neo-
plasm with cartilaginous elements. 3. See chondro-
phyte.

chondrophyte (kon'-dro-fit) [chondro-; <f>vrbv, a
plant]. A fungous neoplasm springing from a
cartilage.

chondroplast (kon'-dro-plast). See chondroblast.

chondroporosis (kon-dro-po^-o'-sis) [chondro-; irbpos,
a passage]. The thinning of cartilage by the forma-
tion of spaces, occurring during the process of ossi-
fication.

chondroprotein (kon-dro-pro'-te-in). A protein
occurring normally in cartilage.

chondrosarcoma (kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) [chondro-;
sarcoma]. A tumor composed of cartilaginous and
sarcomatous tissue.

chondrosarcomatous (kon-dro-sar-kom' -at-us) . Re-
lating to chondrosarcoma.

chondrosidin (kon-dros' -id-in). The hyalin ob-
tained from chondrosin.

chondrosin (kon'-dro-sin) [chondrosia, a genus of
sponges]. . A hyalogen obtained from the sponge,
chondrosia reniformis.

chondrosis (kon-dro' -sis) [chondrus]. 1. Forma-
tion of cartilage. 2. A cartilaginous tumor.

chondrosteous (kon-dros' -te-us) [chondro-; barkov,
bone]. In biology, having a cartilaginous skeleton.

chondrosternal (kon-dro-ster'-nal). Pertaining to
the sternum and costal cartilages.

chondrosyndesmus (kon-dro-sin-dez'-mus) . See
synchondrosis.

chondrotome (kon'-dro-tom) [chondro-; repveiv, to
cut]. An instrument for cutting cartilage.

chondrotomy (kon-drot'-o-me) [see chondrotome].
The division of a cartilage.

chondroxiphoid (kon-dro-zif'-oid). Pertaining to
the costal cartilages and the ensiform cartilage.

chondrus (kon'-drus) [xbvbpos, a grain; cartilage].
1. Irish moss. The substance of the algse C. crispus
and C. mammillosus. These yield, on boiling with
water, a soluble colloid consisting mainly of mucilage.
This is demulcent and somewhat nutrient. Dose
indefinite. 2. A cartilage; the ensiform cartilage.

Chopart's amputation (sho-par) [Francois Cho-
part, French surgeon, 1743-1795]- An amputation
of the foot consisting of a disarticulation through
the tarsal bones, leaving only the os calcis and the
astragalus. C.'s joint, the medio tarsal articulation;
the line of articulation which separates the astragalus
and os calcis from the remaining tarsal bones.

chord. See cord.

chorda (kor'-dah) [L.]. A cord, tendon, or nerve-
filament, chordae arteriarum umbilicalium, the
lateral ligaments of the bladder, c. dorsalis. See
notochord. c. magna, tendo Achillis. c. obliqua,

CHORDAL

222

CHORION

the oblique ligament of the superior radio-ulnar
articulation, c. saliva, saliva produced by stimu-
lation of the chorda tympani nerve, c. spermatica, the
spermatic cord. c. tendinea, any one of the tendinous
strings connecting the papillary muscles of the heart
with the auriculoventricular valves, c. tympani.
See under nerve, c. umbilicalis, the umbilical cord.
c. venae umbilicalis, the round ligament of the liver.
c. vertebralis. See notochord. c. vocalis, a vocal
band.

chordal (kor'-dal) [chorda, a cord]. Relating to a
chorda, especially to the notochord.

chordapsus (kor-dap'-sus) [xopSv, a chord;
airreiv, to tie up]. Synonym of acute intestinal
catarrh.

chordee (kor-de') [chorda], A painful curved
erection of the penis with concavity downward. The
corpus spongiosum being infiltrated from urethral
inflammation, does not fill with blood during erection,
and so acts like a bow-string.

chorditis (kor-di'-tis) [xopSv, a cord; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the vocal bands, c. tuber-
osa, a localized thickening on the vocal bands, often
bilateral and situated at the junction of the posterior
two-thirds with the anterior third.

chordoma (kor-do'-mah) [chorda, a cord]. I. Vir-
chow's name for the upper part of a persistent noto-
chord. 2. A tumor composed of tissue of the same
nature as that of the notochord. 3. A small tumor
occurring in the median line of the clivus, near the
articulation of the sphenoid with the occipital bone.

chordoskeleton (kor-do-skel'-et-on). The portion
of the skeleton surrounding the notochord.

chordotonal (kor-do-to'-nal) [xopSv, chord; tow,
tone]. In biology, applied to sense-organs or parts
of arthropods that are responsive to sound-vibrations.

chordurethritis (kor-dil-re-thri'-tis). See chordee.

chorea (ko-re'-ah) [xopela, dancing]. St. Vitus'
dance. A functional nervous disorder, usually
occurring in youth, characterized by h regular and
involuntary action of the muscles of the extremities,
face, etc., with general muscular weakness. Fre-
quently a mitral systolic murmur is heard, often
hemic, but in a large proportion of cases due to
endocarditis, and there seems to be a close relation
between the two diseases. Rheumatism often co-
exists. Chorea may be caused by a number of
conditions, among which are fright and reflex irrita-
tion. It affects girls about three times as frequently
as boys. Occasionally a form of chorea is seen in
the adult, and may become a serious complication of
pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus and
mother. When it occurs late in life, it generally
resists treatment. Syn., chorea anglorum; chorea
sancti Viti; epilepsia saltatoris; St. John's dance.
c, bilateral, that due to cerebral lesions causing
development of choreic symptoms on both sides of
the body, c, buttonmaker's, a form of chorea
occurring in persons employed in making buttons.
c, cardiac, a form marked by palpitation and other
cardiac disorders, c, chronic progressive, Hoff-
mann's name for Huntington's chorea, c, congenital.
Synonym of birth-palsy, c. cordis. See c, cardiac.
c.-corpuscles (Elischer), peculiar cells found in the
brain in cases of chorea and regarded as pathog-
nomonic; they have, however, been found in the
brains of those who have never had the disease.
c, dancing, hysterical chorea marked by rhythmic
dancing movements, c.-demonomania, epidemic
chorea, c, diaphragmatic, spasm of the diaphragm.
c. dimidiata, hemichorea. c, electric. See Dubini's
disease, c, epidemic. See choromania. c, essen-
tial, that occurring independently and not as a symp-
tom of some other disease, c, facial, convulsive tic.
c, false. See c, symptomatic, c, general, a form
of chorea in which all or almost all of the voluntary
muscles are subject to irregular contractions, c.
gravidarum, intractable chorea occurring during
pregnancy, toward its close sometimes aggravated and
attended with fever, c. gravis, severe and dangerous
cases of chorea, c, habit-. See habit-spasm, c,
hammering, a form marked by coordinated rhythmic
spasm in consequence of which persistent hammering
with the fist upon some object will be indulged in.
c, hereditary. See Huntingdon's chorea, c, Hunt-
ingdon's. See Huntingdon's chorea, c, hysterical.
See c. major, c, imaginative, choromania. c,
imitative, choreic movements developed in children
from association with choreic subjects, c, infantile.
See c. minor, c. insaniens, maniacal chorea; a grave

form of chorea usually seen in women, and asso-
ciated with mania, and generally ending fatally.
It may develop during pregnancy, c. laryngea, c,
laryngeal, c. laryngis. 1. A condition attended with
clonic spasm of the laryngeal muscles and marked
by inability to sustain coordinate action. 2. A
condition marked by spasmodic motions of some of
the muscles of expiration, causing a cry. c, limp,
West's name for a sequel of motor paralysis in
children marked by very slight choreic movements.
c. major, a form of hysteria in which there are con-
tinual regular oscillatory movements, c, maniacal.
See c. insaniens. c, metaparalytic, c, methemi-
plegic. See c, postparalytic, c, methodic. See c.
major, c, mimetic. See c, imitative, c. minor,
simple chorea, c. mollis. See hemiplegia, choreic.
c, Morvan's. See Morvan's chorea, c. neuralgica,
convulsive tic. c. nutans, that attended with
nodding motions, c. oculi, choreic movements of
the eyes due to cerebral lesions, c. pandemica. See
Dubini's disease, c, paralytic (Gowers). See hemi-
plegia, choreic, c, partial, imperfect choreic move-
ments associated with contractures, due to cerebral
lesion, c, posthemiplegic, c, postparalytic, a form
of involuntary movement seen in patients after an
attack of hemiplegia, c, prehemiplegic, c, pro-
hemiplegic, choreic spasms of the hands or feet fore-
running hemiplegia, c. procursiva. Synonym of
paralysis agitans. c, rhythmic. See c. major.
c, school-made, chorea resulting from overstimu-
lation of children at school, c, secondary. See
c, symptomatic, c. semilateralis, hemichorea. c.
senilis. 1. Paralysis agitans. 2. The trembling in-
cident to age. c, Sydenham's. See Sydenham's
chorea, c, symptomatic, that dependent upon some
organic disease, c, unilateral. See hemichorea.

choreal (ko-re'-al). Pertaining to chorea; choreic.

choreic (ko-re'-ik) [chorea]. Relating to, of the
nature of, or affected with chorea.

choreiform (ko-re'-if-orm) [chorea; forma, form].
Resembling chorea.

choremania, choreomania (ko-re-ma'-ne-ah, ko-re-
o-ma'-ne-ah) [chorea; navla, madness]. Synonym of
choromania.

choreoid {ko'-re-oid) [xopela, dancing; eUos, like].
Pertaining or similar to chorea.

chorial (ko'-re-al) [xbpiov, skin]. Chorionic.

chorioblastosis (ko-re-o-blas-to'-sis) [xbpiov, skin;
f}\a.<7Taveiv, to germinate]. Any anomaly of growth
of the corium and subcutaneous connective tissue.

choriocapillaris (ko-re-o-kap-il-a'-ris) [chorion; ca-
pillus, a hair]. The network of capillaries over the
inner portion of the choroid coat of the eye.

choriocele (ko'-re-o-sel) [xbpiov, a skin; nrfkr}, her-
nia]. A hernial protrusion of the choroid coat of the
eye.

chorioepithelioma (ko-re-o-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah). A
neoplasm apparently due to excessive proliferation
of chorionic epithelium; see deciduoma. c. benig-
num, degenerated relics of fetal epithelium or epiblast
in the maternal tissues, c. malignum, Marchand's
(1895) name for an epithelioma due to malignant
degeneration of fetal epiblast left in the maternal
tissues. Syn., deciduoma malignum; sarcoma deciduo-
cellulare; syncytioma malignum.

chorioid {ko'-re-oid). See choroid.

chorioidal (ko-re-oid'-al). See choroid (2).

chorioideal tubercle (ko-re-oid'-e-al tii'-ber-kl).
See choroid tubercle.

chorioideremia (ko-re-oid-er-e'-me-ah). See chor-
oideremia.

chorioiditis (ko-re-oid-i'-tis) . See choroiditis.

chorioidoretinitis (ko-re-oid-o-ret-in-i'-tis). See
choroidoretinitis.

chorioma (ko-re-o'-mah) [chorion; 6p.a, tumor].
A neoplasm developed from the chorion. See
chorioepithelioma.

chorion (ko'-re-on) [xbpiov, skin; fetal membrane].
The outermost of the fetal membranes, formed from
the vitelline membrane, the false amnion, and the
allantois. The chorion lies between the amnion and
the decidua reflexa and vera, c, cystic degenera-
tion of, a myxoma of the chorion, producing the
socalled "hydatid mole." It is characterized by
rapid increase in the size of the? uterus, hemorrhage,
often profuse, beginning during the second month of
pregnancy, and the discbarge of small cysts, whitish
in appearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These
cysts vary in size from a pin-head to a filbert, c
frondosum, c, shaggy, the part covered by villi.

CHORIONIC

223

CHROMATOSKIAMETER

It helps to form the placenta, c. laeve, the mem-
branous portion of the chorion.

chorionic (ko-re-on'-ik) [chorion]. Relating to the
chorion.

chorionin (ko-re-on'-in). A name given by Bron-
chacourt (1902) to a preparation made from sheep's
placenta by submitting it to pressure without heat.
The juice thus expressed is made palatable with
syrup after being sterilized with ammonium fluoride;
employed as a galactagogue.

chorionitis (ko-re-on-i'-tis). 1. See scleroderma.
2. Placentitis.

chorioretinal (ko-re-o-ret'-in-al). Pertaining to the
choroid and retina.

chorioretinitis (ko-re-o-ret-in-i'-tis). Inflammation
of the choroid and retina.

chorioretinitis (ko-re-o-ret-in-i'-tis). See choroido-
retinitis.

chorisis (ko-ri'-sis) [xwpum, a separation]. In
biology, the development of two or more members
when but one is expected; a doubling.

choristoblastoma (ko-ris-to-blas-to'-mah) [choris-
toma; blastoma]. An autonomous tumor originating
in a choristoma.

choristoma (ko-ris-to'-mah) [xwpioros, separated].
A tumor due to hyperplasia of an aberrant primor-
dium.

choroid (ko'-roid) [chorion; eT<5os, likeness]. 1. The
vascular tunic of the eye, continuous with the iris
in front, and lying between the sclerotic and the
retina. 2. Pertaining to the choroid; choroidal.
c. membrane, the choroid, c. plexus, a vascular
plexus in the ventricles of the brain, c. tubercle, a
diagnostic sign of tuberculous meningitis found by
ophthalmoscopic investigation.

choroidal (ko-roid'-aV). Pertaining to the choroid.

choroideremia (ko-roid-er-e'-me-ah) [choroid; kpr\y.la,
desolation]. Absence of the choroid.

choroiditis (ko-roid-i'-lis) [choroid; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye.
It may be anterior, the foci of exudation being at
the periphery of the choroid; or central, the exudate
being in the region of the macula lutea; diffuse
or disseminated, characterized by numerous round or
irregular spots scattered over the fundus; exudative
or nonsuppurative, when there are isolated foci of
inflammation scattered over the choroid; metastatic,
when due to embolism; and suppurative, when pro-
ceeding to suppuration, c, areolar, c. areolaris,
that in which the first foci occur near the fovea and
extend toward the periphery in constantly increasing
distances, c. guttata senilis. See Tay's choroiditis.
c. serosa. Synonym of glaucoma.

choroidocyclitis (ko-roid-o-si-kli'-tis) [choroid; kv-
k\os, a circle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the choroid and of the ciliary body.

choroidoiritis (ko-roid-o-i-ri'-tis) [choroid; inlis].
Inflammation of the choroid and the iris.

choroidoretinitis (ko-roid-o-ret-in-i'-lis) [choroid;
retinitis]. Choroiditis associated with retinitis.
c, ametropic, that caused by ametropia.

chorology (ko-rol'-o-je) [x&pos, a place; ins,
science]. The science of the geographic distribution
of animals and plants.

choromania (kor-o-ma' -ne-ah) [xopbs, a dance;
iiavia, madness]. A nervous disorder characterized
by dancing or other rhythmic movements; epidemic
chorea; dancing mania.

choronosologia, choronosology (ko-ro-no-sol-o'-je-
ah, ko-ro-no-sol'-o-je) [x&pos, a region; voaos, a dis-
ease; X6-yos, science]. The science of the geographic
distribution of diseases or of endemic diseases of
some region.

Christian Science. An alleged system of therapy;
a form of faith-cure; Eddyism.

Christison's formula (kris'-tis-on) [Sir Robeit
Christison, Scotch physician, 1797-1882]. A formula
for estimating the amount of solids in the urine:
multiply the last two figures of the specific gravity
expressed in four figures by 2.33 (or by 2, Trapp;
or by 2.2, Loebisch). This gives the amount of
solids in every 1000 parts.

chroatol (kro'-at-ol), CioHie . 2HI. A greenish-
yellow, crystalline substance obtained by action of
turpentine on iodine; used in powder or ointment in
treatment of skin diseases. Syn., terpiniodohydrate.

chroma-, chromato- [xp&p-cl, color]. Prefixes mean-
ing colored.

chromaffin cells (kro' -maf-fin) [chroma-; a finis,
akin to]. Cells that have an affinity for chromium,

which makes them yellow; the term is applied to the
adrenal system. Syn., phaochrome, paraganglia, c.
hormone, epinephrine.

chromate (kro'-mat) [xp&na, color]. Any salt of
chromic acid.

chromatelopsia, chromatelopsis (kro-mat-e-lop'-
se-ah, -sis) [chroma-; dreX^s, imperfect; o^is, vision].
Color-blindness .

chromatic (kro-mat'-ik) [xp&hol, color]. Relating
to or possessing color, c. aberration. See aberra-
tion, chromatic, c. audition, luminous sensations
aroused by sound.

chromatidrosis. See chromidrosis.

chromatin (kro' -mat-in) [see chromatic]. The por-
tion of the protoplasm of a cell that takes the stain,
forming a delicate reticular network or plexus of
fibrils permeating the achromatin of a cell. Syn.,
karyomitome.

chromatism (kro'-mat-izm) [xpw/ianavuos, coloring].
1. Abnormal coloration of any tissue. 2. Chro-
matic aberration.

chromatoblast (kro-mat'-o-blast) [chromato-; pXacrros,
a germ]. Same as chromatophore.

chromatodermatosis. See chromodermatosis.

chromatodysopia (kro-mat-o-dis-o'-pe-ah) [chro-
mato-; 80s, ill; 01/as, vision]. Color-blindness.

chromatogenous (kro-mat-oj'-en-us) [chromato-;
ytwav, to beget]. Producing color.

chromatology (kro-mat-ol'-o-je) [chromato-; \6yos,
science]. The science of colors. Also the spectro-
scopic investigation of colors.

chromatolysis (kro-mat-ol'-is-is) [chromato-; Xwns,
a loosing]. 1. Flemming's term for the breaking-
down of the nucleus at the death of the cell. Syn.,
karyolysis. 2. The disintegration and disappearance
of the Nissl granules from nerve-cells.

chromatometer (kro-mat-om'-et-ur) [chromato-;
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
color-perception or the intensity of colors.

chromatometry (kro-mat-om'-et-re). 1. See chroma-
toptometry. 2. The estimation of the coloring power
of a substance.

chromatopathia (kro-mat-o-path'-e-ah) [chromato-;
wados, disease]. Any pigmentary skin-disease; a
chromatosis.

chromatopathy (kro-mat-op'-a-the). See chromato-
pathia.

chromatophile (kro-mat'-o-fiV). Same as chromo-
philous.

chromatophobia (kro-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [chromato-;
<£6/Sos, dread]. Abnormal fear of colors.

chromatophore (kro-mat'-o-for) [chromato-; <j>6pos,
bearing]. Any colored cell-plastid.

chromatophorous (kro-mat-off'-or-us) [chromato-;
<j>kpeiv, to bear]. Containing pigment or pigment-
cells.

chromatoplasm (kro-mat'-o-plazm) [chromato-;
Tr\a<rp.a, anything formed]. The substance of the
chromatoplasts as distinguished from the other
cell-substances, karyoplasm, cytoplasm, metaplasm,
paraplasm, etc.

chromatoplast (kro-mat'-o-plast). See chromato-
phore.

chromatopseudopsis (kro-mat-o-su-dop'-sis) [chro-
mato-; ^ev5i7s,_ false; 6^is, sight]. Color-blindness.

chromatopsia (kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [chromato-; 5^-is,
vision]. A disorder of vision in which color-impres-
sions arise subjectively. It may be due to dis-
turbance of the optic centers, or to drugs, especially
santonin.

chromatopsy (kro'-mat-op-se). See chromatopsia.

chromatoptometry (kro-mat-op-tom'-et-re) [chro-
mato-; bipis, vision; \ikrpov, a measure]. The testing
of the sensibility of the eye with respect to color-
perception.

chromatoscope (kro-mat'-o-skop) [chromato-; <tko-
irelv, to observe]. An instrument for deter-
mining the refractive index of colored light.

chromatoscopy (kro-mat-os'-ko-pe) [chromato-; <tko-
ireiv, to observe]. The determination of the color
of objects.

chromatosis (kro-mat-o'-sis) [xp&na, color]. Pig-
mentation; a pathological process or pigmentary
disease consisting in a deposit of coloring-matter
in a locality where it is usually not present, or in
excessive quantity in regions where pigment normally
exists.

chromatoskiameter (kro-mat-o-ski-am'-et-er) [chro-
mato-; aida, a shadow; nerpov, a measure]. Holm-
gren's apparatus for testing color-sense, consisting

CHROMATOSOME

224

CHROMOSOME

of a lamp and a white screen, on which is cast the
shadow of a pencil placed in front of different colored
glasses. A scale indicates when the shadows are of
equal brightness.

chromatosome (kro-mat'-o-som) [chromato-; erco/m,
body]. In biology, the "nuclear rods" of the nucleus.

chromaturia (kro-mat-u' -re-ah) [chromato-; ovpov,
urine]. Abnormal coloration of the urine.

chrome (krom). See chromium, c.-alum, CrK2-
(S04)2 + i2H20. A compound of chromium and
potassium sulphate, forming large, dark-violet
crystals soluble in five parts of water, the solution
turning green when heated; used as a pigment.

chromesthesia (krom-es-the'-ze-ah) [xp&na, color;
aladriaris, perception by the senses]. The association
of colors with words, letters, and sounds.

chromhidrosis (krom-hid-ro'-sis). Same as chromi-
drosis.

chromic (kro'-mik) [chromium]. Pertaining to or
made from chromium, c. acid, c. anhydride, chro-
mium trioxide.

chromicize (kro'-mis-iz). To impregnate with
chromic acid or a chromium salt..

chromidium (kro-mid'-e-um). Any one of the
granules of nuclear substance found in the cyto-
plasm.

chromidrosis (kro-mid-ro'-sis) [xp&pa, color; iSpws,
sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat in which it is
variously colored, being bluish, blackish, reddish,
greenish, or yellowish. Black sweat (seborrhcea
nigricans) occurs usually in hysterical women, the
face being most often affected. It is associated with
chronic constipation and is due to the presence of
indican in the sweat. Red sweat (hematidrosis)
may be due to an exudation of blood into the sweat-
glands, or to the presence of a microorganism in the
sweat.

chromism (kro'-mizm). Excessive or abnormal
coloration.

chromite (kro'- mit). i. A combination of chromium
sesquioxide with the oxide of some other metal.
2. Any organic pigment.

chromium (kro'-me-um) [xp&na, color]. Cr=52.o;
quantivalence II and IV. One of the elements of
the iron group. The various salts of chromium,
especially the derivatives of chromium trioxide, Cr03,
are much used in the manufacture of pigments and
as a caustic. All are poisonous, c. and potassium
sulphate. See chrome-alum. c. sesquioxide, Cr203,
a green pigment occurring in nature as chrome-ochre ;
it can be prepared artificially, c. trioxide. See
acid, chromic.

chromo- (kro-mo-) [xp<fyia, color]. A prefix mean-
ing colored.

chromoaromatic (kro-mo-ar-o-mat'-ik). Applied to
microorganisms that are colored and aromatic.

chromoblast (kro' -mo-blast). See chromatophore.

chromocrinia (kro-mo-krin'-e-ah) [chromo-; uplveiv,
to separate]. The secretion of coloring-matter, as
in the sweat, etc.

chromocyte (kro' -mo-sit) [chromo-; /euros, a cell].
Any colored cell.

chromocytometer (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-er) [chromo-
cyte; (lerpov, a measure]. An instrument for esti-
mating the proportion of hemoglobin present in the
blood.

chromocytometry (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-re) [chromo-;
kvtos, cell; fierpov, a measure]. The estimation of
hemoglobin by means of the chromocytometer.

chromocystoscopy (kro-mo-sis-tos' -ko-pe) [chromo-;
cystoscopy]. Cystoscopy and inspection of the
orifices of the ureters after the administration of a
substance that will stain the urine.

chromodermatosis (kro-mo-der-mat-o'-sis) [chromo-;
dermatosis]. A skin disease characterized by dis-
coloration of the surface.

chromodiagnosis (kro-mo-di-ag-no'-sis) [chromo-;
diagnosis], Sicard's term (1901) to designate the
diagnosis of hemorrhages of the neuraxis by yellow
discoloration of the cephalorhachidian fluid (xantho-
chromia), due, according to Tuffier, to the normal
lutein of the serum.

chromogen (kro'-mo-jen) [chromo-; -yewav, to
produce]. Any principle of the animal or vegetable
economy which is susceptible, under suitable circum-
stances, of being changed into a coloring-matter.

chromogenesis (kro-mo-jen'-es-is) [chromo-; yewav,
to produce]. The production of pigments or coloring
matter, as by bacterial action.

chromogenic (kro-mo-jen'-ik) [see chromogen].

1. Producing color or pigment; applied generally to
pigment-producing bacteria. 2. Relating to chro-
mogen.

chromolume (kro'-mo-lum) [chromo-; lumen, light].
An apparatus for the production of colored rays for
therapeutic purposes, c, electro-arc, a special
deyice for solarization by means of the arc light.

chromolysis (kro-mol'-is-is). Same as chromato-
lysis.

chromomere (kro'-mo-mer) [chromo-; fiepos, a part].
One of the minute granules composing the chromo-
somes. Syn., id.

chromometer (kro-mom'-et-ur). See chromatom-
eter (2).

chromometry (kro-mom'-et-re). See chromatom-
etry (2).

chromoparic, chromoparous (kro-mo-par'-ik, kro-
mop'-ar-us) [chromo-; parere, to furnish]. Excreting a
colored transformation-product which is diffused out
upon and into the surrounding medium. It is said of
certain bacteria.

chromophane (kro' -mo-fan) [chromo-; <j>aii>eu>, to
appear]. The pigment of the inner segments of the
retinal cones of certain animals. There are at least
three varieties, chlorophane, rhodophane, xantho-
phane.

chromophile (kro'-mo-fil). Same as chromophilous.

chromophilous (kro-mof'-il-us) [chromo-; <f>i\os,
loving]. Readily stained; easily absorbing color.

chromophobic (kro'-mo-fo-bik) [chromo-; <j>60os,
fear]. Not stainable; not readily absorbing color.
Cf. chromophilous.

chromophore (kro'-mo-for) [chromo-; <j>kpeiv, to
bear]. 1. Those chromogenic bacteria that possess
pigment as an integral part of their organism.

2. The chemical group in an anilin dye which gives
the color.

chromophoric, chromophorous (kro-mo-for'-ik, kro-
mof'-or-us). Applied to chromogenic bacteria in
which the pigment is stored in the cell-protoplasm of
the organism.

chromophose (kro'-mo-foz) [chromo-; $&$, light].
A subjective sensation of color. See phose.

chromophyl (kro'-mo-fil) [chromo-; 4>v\\oi>, a leaf].
A comprehensive term for the coloring-matter of
plant cells, including chlorophyl, xanthophyl, ery-
throphyl, cyanophyl, pheophyl, the various phyco-
chromes, etc.

chromophytosis (kro-mo-fi-to'-sis) [chromo-; fyvrbv,
a plant]. 1. Any microscopic plant-growth that
produces a discoloration of the skin in which it grows;
any pigmentary skin disease caused by a vegetable
parasite. 2. A synonym of tinea versicolor or
Eichstedt's disease.

chromoplasm (kro'-mo-plazm) [chromo-; ir\aatia,
anything formed]. The network of a nucleus, so
called because it stains readily.

chromoplastid, or chromoplastidule (kro-mo-plas'-
tid, or kro-mo-plas' -tid-ill) [chromo-; ir\aa<nv, to
form]. A pigment-granule imbedded in the proto-
plasm of a plant or animal. It is also called chromo-
leucite.

chromoprotein (kro-mo-pro'-te-in) [chromo-; pro-
tein]. Any proteid capable of being broken up into
albumin and a coloring-matter.

chromopsia (kro-mop'-se-ah). See chromatopsia.

chromoptometer (kro-mop-tom'-et-er) [chromo-;
ukrpov, a measure]. A contrivance for determining
the extent of development of color-vision.

chromoradiometer (kro-mo-ra-de-om'-et-ur) [chro-
mo-; radius, ray; ^krpov measure]. An instrument
for measuring the penetrative power of the Roentgen
rays.

criromorhinorrhea (kro-mo-rin-or-e'-ah) [chromo-;
j!>Ls, nose; fata, a flow]. The discharge of a colored
secretion from the nose.

chromoscope (kro'-mo-skop). See chromatoscope.

chromosochromic (kro-mo-so-kro'-mik) . Contain-
ing chromium both as a trivalent and as a bivalent
radical.

chromosome (kro'-mo-som) [chromo-; <ju>p.a, body].
A chromatin-fiber formed during karyokinesis. Syn.,
karyomita. c, bivalent, one representing two chro-
mosomes joined end to end. Cf. c.s, pseudor eduction
of. c. granules, granules of lymphocytes seen in
the in vitro examination of living cells, c, pluri-
valent, one having the value of two or more chromo-
somes. Cf. c.s, pseudor eduction of. c.s, pseudo-
reduction of, apparent reduction of the number
of chromosomes through increase of bivalent or

CHROMOSOT

225

CHYLOTHORAX

plurivalent chromosomes, c.s, reduction of, the
halving of the number of chromosomes in the germ-
nuclei during maturation.

chromosot (kro' -mo-sot). A disinfectant said to
consist mainly of sodium sulphate and sodium
sulphite.

chromospermism (kro-mo-sperm'-izm) [chromo-;
airepfia, seed]. A condition in which the semen is
colored. Cf. cyanospermia.

chromostroboscope (kro-mo-stro'-bo-skop) [chromo-;
vrpofios, a twisting; a-Koirelv, to inspect]. A device
for showing the persistence of visual impressions of
color.

chromotherapy (kro-mo-ther'-ap-e) [chromo-; depa-
vtia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by-
colored light.

chromoureteroscopy (krc-mo-u-ret-er-os '-ko-pe) .

See chromocystoscopy.

chromule (kro'-mul) [chromo-; 8X17, matter].
Coloring-matter in plants, especially when not
green, or when liquid.

chronic (kron'-ik) [xpbvos, time]. Long-continued;
of long duration; opposed to acute.

chronicity {kron-is'-it-e) [chronic]. The state of
being chronic or long-continued.

chronograph (kron'-o-graf) [xpbvos, time; ypa<f>eiv,
to write]. An instrument for graphically recording
intervals of time in physiological and psychophysical
experiments.

chronoscope (kron'-o-skop) [xpbvos, time; aicoireZv,
to inspect]. An instrument for measuring extremely
short intervals of time, c, A-form, an apparatus
introduced by Galton for measuring the time of
certain psycho-physical reactions. It is so called
from its outline, which somewhat resembles that of
the letter A.

chronothermal {kron-o-ther'-mal) [xpbvos, time;
Bkpp.r], heat]. Pertaining to the theory that all
diseases are characterized by periods of intermitting
chill and heat; relating to periodicity in changes of
bodily temperature.

chronotropic (kron-o-trop'-ik) [xpbvos, time; rpkireiv,
to turn]. Pertaining to influences which modify the
rate of a periodically recurring phenomenon (heart-
beat).

chrotoplast (kro'-to-plast) [xp^s, skin; irXaaaelv, to
form]. A skin-cell; a dermal or epithelial cell.

chrotopsia, chrupsia (kro-top'-se-ah, krup' -se-ah) .
See chromatopsia.

chrysarobin, chrysarobinum (kris-ar-o'-bin, kris-
ar-o-bi' -num) [xpvabs, gold; araroba (nat. East Ind.),
bark of a leguminous tree], C30H26O7. A reduction-
product of chrysophanic acid. It occurs in Goa
powder and araroba powder. It is a yellow-colored
powder, the product of the decay of Vonacapoua
araroba, a Brazilian tree. It is a gastrointestinal
irritant; locally and internally it is useful in psoriasis,
but stains the skin a dark yellowish-brown color.
Dose, internally, |-| gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). c. oint-
ment (unguentum chrysarobini, U. S. P.), contains
10 % of the drug with 90 % benzoinated lard. c.
oxide, a brownish-black powder obtained from
chrysarobin in boiling water by the action of sodium
peroxide. It is recommended in treatment of eczema
and acne rosacea in 5 to 10 % ointment.

chrysoidin (kris-oi'-din) [xpvtrfc, gold; elSos, like].
1. C12H3N4CI. A coal-tar coloi used in dyeing. It is
the hydrochloride of diamidoazobenzene. It con-
sists of dark-violet crystals soluble in water. It dyes
bright-yellow on silk and cotton. 2. C7H22O4. A
yellow coloring-substance found in asparagus berries.

chrysolein (kris-o' -le-in) . Sodium fluoride.

chrysophan (kris'-o-fan) [xpvabs, gold; <j>aiveiv, to
show], QeHisOs. A glucoside found in rhubarb.

chrysophanic acid (kris-o-fan'-ik) . See acid, chryso-
phanic.

chrysophyl (kris'-o-fiT) [xpvo-bs, gold; tpvWov, a
leaf]. Xanthophyl; a bright golden-yellow crystal-
line pigment derived from leaves.

chrysoretin, chrysorrhetin (kris-o-ret'-in). A yel-
low pigment found in senna and identical with
chrysophan.

chrysotoxin (kris-o toks' -in). See sphaceloloxin.

chthonophagia, or chthonophagy (thon-o-fa'-je-ah,
or thon-off'-a-je) [xQ&v, earth; <payelv, to eat]. Dirt-
eating; geophagy.

chuchuarine (chu-chu'-ar-in) [Chuchuara, Indian
name], C20H15N12O2. An alkaloid obtained from the
seeds and wood of Semecarpus anacardium, an ana-
cardiaceous aphrodisiac plant of the East Indies.

It is extremely poisonous, acting somewhat like
strychnine.

churning sound (churn' -ing). A peculiar splashing-
sound like that made by a churn, heard in the chest
in some cases of pleural effusion.

Chvostek's symptom (vos'-tek) [Franz Chvostek,
Austrian surgeon, 1835-1884]. Increase of the
mechanical irritability of the motor nerves, especially
the facial, in post operative tetany. A sudden local
spasm is elicited by a slight tap on one side of the
face. See also Weiss' sign.

chylaceous (ki-la'-se-us). Composed of chyle.

chylangioma (ki-lan-je-o'-mah) [chyle; &yy elov, a
vessel]. 1. Retention of chyle in lymphatic vessels
with dilatation of the latter. 2. A tumor of lymph-
vessels containing chyle.

chylaqueous (ki-la'-kwe-us) [chyle; aqua, water].
Like water and chyle, c. fluid, the digested food or
nutritive fluid in the somatic or perigastric cavity
of invertebrates; it is never enclosed in distinct
vessels and_ represents the blood of higher animals.

chyle (kil) [xv\6s, juice]. The milk-white fluid
absorbed by the lacteals during digestion. On
standing, it separates into a thin, jelly-like clot and a
substance identical with serum, c.-corpuscle, any
floating cell of the chyle. These cells resemble, and
are probably identical with, the colorless blood-
corpuscles, c, granular, c, molecular base of, the
minute particles of fat which give the milky appear-
ance to chyle.

chylemia (ki-le'-me-ah) [chyle; alp.a, blood]. The
presence of chyle in the blood.

chylidrosis (ki-lid-ro'-sis) [chyle; Upuans, a sweat-
ing]. Milkiness of the sweat.

chylifaction (ki-le-fak' -shun) [chyle; facere, to
make]. The forming of chyle from food.

chylifactive (ki-le-fak'-tiv) [chyle; facere, to make].
Chyle-forming.

chyliferous (ki-lif'-er-us) [chyle; ferre, to carry].
Containing or carrying chyle.

chylific (ki-lif'-ik) [chyle; facere, to make]. Making
chyle; pertaining to chylifaction.

chylification (ki-le-fik-a'-shun) [chyle; facere, to
make]. The process by which chyle is formed,
separated, and absorbed by the villi of the small
intestine.

chylificatory (ki-lif'-ik-at-o-re) [chyle; facere, to
make].. Chyle-making.

chylivorous (ki-liv'-or-us) [chyle; vorare, to devour].
Applied to parasitic organisms subsisting on chyle.

chylocele (ki'-lo-sel) [chyle; ktjXti, a tumor]. An
effusion _ of chyle into the tunica vaginalis testis.
c. parasitic. See filaria sanguinis hominis.

chylocyst (ki'-lo-sist) [chyle; kixttls, bladder].
The chyle-bladder; the reservoir of Pecquet.

chylocystic (ki-lo-sis'-tik) [chyle; kwtis, bladder].
Relating to the chylocyst.

chyloderma (ki-lo-der'-mah) [chyle; okpp.a, skin].
Scrotal elephantiasis, with accumulation of lymph
in the thickened skin and in the enlarged lymphatic
vessels; lymph-scrotum.

chylodochium (ki-lo-do' -ke-um) [chyle; doxelov,
receptacle]. The receptaculum chyli.

chylogaster (ki-lo-gas'-ter) [chyle; yao-Trjp, the
stomach]. The duodenum, so-called because of its
being the chief seat of chylous digestion.

chylogastric (ki-lo-gas'-trik). Pertaining to. the
chylogaster.

chylopericardium (ki-lo-per-ik-ar' -de-um) [chyle;
irepl, around; Kapola, the heart]. A rare condition,
in which chyle is present in the pericardium, as a
consequence of the formation of a channel of com-
munication between a chyle-duct and the cavity of
the heart-sac.

chyloperitoneum (ki-lo-per-it-on-e'-um). A con-
dition marked by an effusion of chyle in the peri-
toneum.

chylopoiesis (ki-lo-poi-e'-sis) [chyle; iroielv, to
make]. Chylification.

chylopoietic (ki-lo-poi-et'-ik) [see chylopoiesis].
Making or forming chyle.

chyloptyalism (ki-lop-ti' -al-izm) [chyle; irrvaKetelv,
to spit]. Milkiness of the saliva.

chylorrhea (ki-lor-e'-ah) [chyle; pelv, to flow]. An
excessive flow of chyle; also, a diarrhea characterized
by a milky color of the feces.

chylosis (ki-lo'-sis) [xuXohtis, a converting into
juice]. Chylification.

chylothorax (ki-lo-tho'-raks) [chyle; 0copa£, the
chest]. The presence of chyle in the pleural cavity.

CHYLOUS

226

CINCHONA

chylous (ki'-lus) [chyle]. Relating to or resembling
chyle.

chyluria (ki-lu'-re-ah) [chyle; ovpov, urine]. The
passage of chyle in the urine. It is thought to be
caused by a disordered condition of the lacteals,
and is also connected with the presence in the blood
of Filaria sanguinis hominis, which blocks up the
ly m ph-channels .

chyme (kirn) [x^mos. chyme]. Food that has under-
gone gastric digestion and has not yet been acted
upon by the biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal secre-
tions.

chymiferous {ki-mif'-er-us) [chyme; ferre, to bear].
Capable of producing chyme.

chymification {ki-me-fik-a'-shun) [chyme; facere,
to make]. The change of food into chyme by the
digestive process.

chymorrhea (kim-or-e'-ah) [chyme; peiv, to flow].
A discharge of chyme.

chymosin {ki' -mo-sin) [chyme], Rennin; the rennet
ferment.

chymosinogen (ki-mo-sin'-o-jen). The antecedent
body from which chymosin is developed.

Ciaglinski's sensory tract (se-a-glin'-ske). A tract
of ascending fibers in the posterior gray commissure
of the thoracic part of the spinal cord.

Ciamician and Magnanini's test for skatol. Skatol
warmed with sulphuric acid produces a purple-red
color.

cibarian {sib-a'-re-ari) [cibus, food]. Relating to
food and the organs concerned in mastication and
deglutition.

cibarious (sib-a'-re-us) [cibus, food]. Serving as
food; nutritious; edible.

cibation (si-ba'-shun) [cibus, food], i. The act of
receiving nourishment. 2. The process of con-
densing a liquid.

cibisotome {si-bis'-ot-om) [idPuns, pouch; rofiri,
cut]. An instrument for opening the capsule of the lens.

cibophobia (si-bo-fo'-be-ah) [cibus, food; <po(ios, fear].
Morbid aversion to food.

cicatricial {sik-at-rish'-al) [cicatrix]. Pertaining
to or of the nature of a cicatrix, c. deformities,
abnormal contractions caused by cicatrices, c.
tissue, a form of dense connective tissue seen in
cicatrices. t

cicatricose, cicatrisate (sik-at'-re-kos, sik-at'-riz-at).
Marked with cicatrices or cicatricial impressions.

cicatrix (sik-a'-triks) [L.: pi., cicatrices], A scar.
The connective tissue which replaces a localized loss
of substance. Its color is usually whitish and
glistening when old, red or purple when newly de-
veloped, c, exuberant, c, hypertrophic, c, keloid,
one that hypertrophies after the healing of a wound
and becomes red and prominent, c, vicious, one
that impairs the function of a part.

cicatrizant (sik'-at-ri-zant) [cicatrix, a scar], i.
Tending to cicatrize or heal. 2. A medicine that
aids the formation of a cicatrix.

cicatrization {sik-at-riz-a' -shun) [cicatrix]. The
process of healing of a wound.

cicatrize {sik'-at-riz). To heal.

cicatrose (sik'-at-ros). See cicatricose.

Cichorium {sik-o'-re-um) [kix&p<-ov]. A genus of
plants of the order Composites. C. intybus, chicory,
succory, bunk, is a hardy perennial of Europe; the
root of the wild plant is said to be a powerful altera-
tive. C. glucoside, C22H34O19 +4IH2O (?), a bitter
glucoside obtained from the flowers of C. intybus.

Cicuta (sik-u'-tah) [L., "hemlock"]. A genus of
umbelliferous plants. C. virosa is a poisonous
species of northern Europe. It is never used in-
ternally, but has been applied externally in rheuma-
tism.

cicutine (sik'-u-ien) [cicuta, hemlock], 1. An
alkaloid obtained from Cicuta virosa. 2. The same
as coniine.

cicutism (sik'-u-tizm) [Cicuta]. Poisoning with
water-hemlock, Cicuta virosa. It is marked by
epileptiform convulsions, dilatation of the pupils,
cyanosis of the face, and coma.

cicutoxin (sik-u-toks'-in) [cicuta, hemlock; to^ikov,
poison]. The poisonous active principle of Cicuta
virosa. It is a viscid, non-crystallizable liquid of
unpleasant taste and acid reaction.

cilia (sil'-e-ah) [pi. of cilium, the eyelid or eyelash].
1. The eyelashes. 2. The locomotor and prehensile
organs of certain microorganisms. 3, The hair-like
appendages of certain epithelial cells, the function
of which is to propel fluid or particles.

ciliariscope (sil-e-ar' -is-kop) [cilium, eyelid; aKovetv,
to look at]. An instrument (essentially a prism)
for examining the ciliary region of the eye.

ciliarotomy (sil-e-ar-ot'-o-me) [cilia; rkpvtiv, to
cut]. Surgical section of the ciliary zone for glau-
coma.

ciliary (sil'-e-a-re) [cilia]. 1. Pertaining to the
eyelid or eyelash. 2. Relating to ciliary movement.
3. Pertaining to the ciliary apparatus, c. apparatus,
the structure related to the mechanism of accommo-
dation, c. arteries, anterior, posterior long, and
posterior short, branches of the ophthalmic artery,
supplying the recti muscles, the ciliary apparatus,
and the posterior structures of the eye, with the
exception of the retina, c. body, the ciliary muscle
and processes, c. canal, the canal of Fontana. c,
ganglion, the ganglion at the apex of the orbit,
supplying the ciliary muscle and iris. c. ligament.
See ligamentum pectinatum. c. movement, move-
ment by means of vibratory cilia, c. muscle,
the muscle of accommodation, the contraction of
which lessens the tension upon the suspensory
ligament of the lens. c. nerves, branches of the
ophthalmic ganglion supplying the anterior structures
of the eyeball and the accommodative apparatus.
c. neuralgia, neuralgic pain of the eye, brow, temple,
etc. c. processes, circularly arranged choroid fold-
ings continuous with the iris in front, c. region,
the pericorneal or "danger zone," corresponding to
the position of the ciliary body. c. zone, the ciliary
processes collectively.

ciliata (sil-e-ah'-tah). A class of protozoa charac-
terized by the presence of cilia.

ciliated {siV -e-a-ted) [cilia]. 1. Having cilia.
2. Of bacteria, having fine hair-like processes, like
cilia.

ciliation (sil-e-a'-shun) [cilium, an eyelash]. The
condition of having cilia.

ciliospinal (sil-e-o-spi'-nal) [cilia; spina, the spine].
Relating to the ciliary zone and the spine, c. center.
See center, ciliospinal.

cilium (sil'-e-um). See cilia.

cillo (sil'-o), or cillosis (sil-o'-sis) [cilium, an eye-
lash]. A spasmodic trembling of the eyelid.

cillotic (sil-ot'-ik) [cilium, an eyelash]. Pertaining
to or affected with cillo.

cimbia (sim'-be-ah) [L.]. The white band seen
upon the ventral aspect of the crus cerebri, the
tractus pedunculi transversus of Gudden.

cimbial (sim'-be-al) [cimbia, a cincture]. Relating
to the cimbia.

cimex (si'-meks) [L., "a bug"]. A genus of hemip-
terous insects, c. lectularius, the common bedbug.

cimicifuga {sim-is-if'-u-gah) [cimex; fugare, to
drive away]. Black snakeroot; black cohosh. The
root of C. racemosa, ord. Ranunculacea. A stom-
achic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, and
diuretic. Its action on the heart is similar to that,
of digitalis. It has been used in cardiac diseases,
functional impotence, chorea, and ovarian neuralgia.
c, extract of (extr actum cimicifuga, U. S. P.). Dose
4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum
cimicifuga, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc).
c, liquid extract of (extractum cimicifuga liquidum,
B. P.). Dose 3-30 min. (0.2-2.0 Cc). c, tincture
of (tinctura cimicifuga, U. S. P.) (20 % strength).
Dose is min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc).

cimicifugin (sim-is-if-u-jin) [cimex, a bug; fugare,
to drive away]. The precipitate from a tincture of
the root of Cimicifuga racemosa; it is an antispasmo-
dic, diaphoretic, nervine, emmenagogue, parturient,
and narcotic. Dose 1 to 2 grains.

cimmol (sim'-ol). See aldehyde, cinnamic.

cina (si'-nah) [L.]. The plant Artemisia santonica.

See santonica.

cinchamidine (sin-kam' -id-en) [cinchona; amidin],
C22H22N2O2. An alkaloid found in the mother-liquor
from which cinchonidine has been extracted.

cincholine (sin'-ko-len) [cinchona], A pale yellow
liquid alkaloid isolated from the mother-liquors of
quinine.

cinchona (sin-ko'-nah) [Countess Chinchon, 17th
century]. Peruvian bark. The bark of several
varieties of cinchona, a tree native to the eastern
slopes of the Andes, the most valuable being C.
calisava. Other varieties are C. condaminea, pale
bark,"C. pitayensis, Pitayo bark, and C. micrantha.
Cinchona bark contains 21 alkaloids, of which four
— quinine, cinchonine, quinidine, and cinchonidine —
are the most important. Cinchona has the same

CINCHONAMINE

227

CIONECTOMY

physiological action and therapeutic uses as its chief
alkaloid, quinine. See quinine. It is also an astrin-
gent, bitter, and stomachic tonic, stimulating appe-
tite and promoting digestion, beneficial in atonic
dyspepsia and adynamia, but especially useful in
malarial affections, c, decoction of {decoctum
cinchona, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). c,
fluidextract of (fluidextr actum cinchona, U. S. P.).
Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). c, infusion of
{infusum cinchona, B. P.). Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (4-30
Cc). c, liquid extract of {extr actum cinchona
liquidum, B. P.). Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc).
c, red {cinchona rubra, U. S. P.), the dried bark of
C. succirubra. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c, tincture of
{tinctura cinchona, U. S. P.) (20 % of bark). Dose
\-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). c, tincture of, compound {tinctura
cinchona composita, U. S. P.), Huxham's tincture.
Dose 1 dr.-§ oz. (4-16 Cc).

cinchonamine {sin-kon' -am-en) [cinchona; amine],
C19H24N2O. An alkaloid of cuprea bark. It occurs
in glistening, colorless crystals that are nearly
insoluble in water and but slightly soluble in
ether. .

cinchonate {sin'-ko-nat). A salt of cinchonic acid.

cinchonicine {sin-kon' -is- en) [cinchonin], C19H22N2-
O. An artificial alkaloid derived from cinchonine.

cinchonidine {sin-kon' -id-en), C19H22N2O. An al-
kaloid derived from cinchona. It is a crystalline
substance resembling quinine in general properties.
c. bisulphate, c. disulphate, C19H22N2O . H2SO4
+5H2O, prisms soluble in water and alcohol; anti-
periodic Dose 15-30 gr. (0.977I.94 Gm.). Syn.,
acid cinchonidine sulphate, c. salicylate, has decided
antiperiodic properties, c. sulphate {cinchonidina
sulphas, U. S. P.), (Ci9H22N20)2.H2S04+3H20, less
bitter than quinine, and valuable as an antipyretic.
Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.) or more. c. tannate,
a tasteless, yellow, amorphous powder, soluble in
alcohol; it is used in intermittent fevers. Dose
8-16 gr. (0.52-1.04 Gm.).

cinchonine {sin'-ko-nen) [cinchona], C19H22N2O.
An alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a colorless,
crystalline body, similar to quinine in therapeutic
effects, but less active, c. bisulphate, C19H22N2O . -
H2SO4, used as is cinchonine. c. dihydrochloride,
is said to contain 60 % of cinchonine; antipyretic
and antiseptic, c. herapathite, c. iodosulphate.
See antiseptol. c. hydrochloride,. used as is cinchonine.
c. nitrate, C19H22N2O . HNO3 +H2O, used as is cin-
chonine. c. salicylate, C19H22N2 . C7H6O3; used in
rheumatism in malarial regions. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). c. sulphate {cinchonina sulphas, U.
S. P.), (Ci9H22N20)2.H2S04-f-2H20. It is soluble
with difficulty in water, but soluble in adiculated
water. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). c. tannate,
yellow powder, soluble in alcohol; used in the same
manner as is cinchonine.

cinchonism {sin'-ko-nizm) [cinchona]. The syste-
mic effect of cinchona or its alkaloids when given in
full doses. The symptoms produced are a ringing
in the ears, with deafness, headache, giddiness, dim-
ness of sight, and a weakening of the heart's action.

cinchonize {sin'-ko-niz) [cinchona]. To bring under
the influence of cinchona or its alkaloids.

cinchonology {sin-ko-nol'-o-je) [cinchona; \6yos,
science]. The science of the derivatives of cinchona.

cinchotannin {sin-ko-tan'-in), C14H16O9. A gluco-
side existing in cinchona bark in the proportion of
3 to 4 % : a brownish-red substance, soluble in water
and alcohol, and forming white precipitates with
tartar emetic and gelatin. Syn., cinchotannic acid;
quinotannic acid.

cinclisis {sin'-klis-is) [kiykXio-is, any quick, re-
peated motion]. Quick, spasmodic movement of
any part of the body, but particularly applied to
rapid winking. Hippocrates' term for quick motion
of the chest, as in dyspnea. Syn., cinclesmus.

cincture (singk'-tur) [cinctura, a girdle]. A belt
or girdle, c.-feeling, a sensation as if the waist
were encircled by a tight girdle. See girdle-pain.

cinematics {sin-e-mal'-iks). See kinetics.

cinematograph. See kinematograph.

cineol {sin'-e-ol) [cina, wormseed; oleum, oil],
C10H16O. The principal constituent of wormseed,
cajuput, and eucalyptus oils.

cineraceous {sin-er-a'-shus) [cinerea]. Ash-gray
in color.

Cineraria {sin-er-a'-re-ah) [cinerarius, pertaining to
ashes]. A genus of composite plants. C. maritima,
the juice of this plant has been long used in Venezuela

in the belief that, dropped in the eye, it would cause
the absorption of cataract.

cinerea {sin-e'-re-ah) [cinereus, ashen]. The gray
substance of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia.
c, lamina, a thin layer of; gray substance extending
backward above the optic commissure from the
termination of the corpus callosum to the tuber
cinereum.

cinereal {sin-e'-re-aT). Ashy.

cineritious {sin-er-ish'-us) [cineres, ashes]. Ash-
like or pertaining to ashes, c. substance, the cortex
of the brain, from the color of the same. c. tubercle,
the tuber cinereum.

cinesia {sin-e'-se-ah). See kinesis.

cinesiology {sin-es-e-ol'-o-je). See kinesiology.

cinesis {sin-e'-sis). See kinesis.

cinesitherapy {sin-es-e-ther'-a-pe). See kinesi-
therapy.

cinetica {sin-et'-ik-ah) [kivzIv, to move]. Medi-
cines or diseases that affect the motor apparatus.

cingula {sin'-gu-lah). 1. A band, girdle, or zone.
2. Burdach s name for the upper part of the fornicate
gyrus.

cingule {sin'-gul) [cingulum]. The groove separ-
ating the primitive cusp or tubercle frequently found
on the lingual face of the upper incisor teeth. Syn.,
cingulum; cingulus.

cingulum {sin'-gu-lum) [cingere, to gird]. 1. A
girdle or zone; the waist. 2. Herpes zoster or
shingles. 3- See cingule. 4. A fibrous bundle in
the fornicate gyrus of the brain. Syn., bundle of the
gyrus fornicatus; fasciculus arcuatus. c. extremitatis
inferioris, the pelvic girdle, c. extremitatis superi-
oris, the shoulder girdle, c. Halleri, the abdominal
muscles, c. veneris. See corona veneris.

cinnabar {sin'.-ab-ar) [Kiwafiapi, a pigment].
Mercuric sulphide, HgS.

cinnabarsana {sin-ab-ar-san'-ah). A preparation
said to consist of arsenic trioxide, cinnabar, charcoal,
and water; it has been used as a cancer remedy

cinnamein {sin-am-e' -in) , CH02(CH). A consti-
tuent of balsams of Peru and Tolu, and is obtained
from sodium cinnamate by heating with benzyl
chloride. Syn., benzyl cinnamate.

cinnamene {sin-am '-en) . See styrol.

cinnamic {sin-am'-ik) [cinnamon]. Pertaining to
or derived from cinnamon, c. acid. See acid,
cinnamic. c. aldehyde {cinnaldehydum, U. S. P.).
See aldehyde, cinnamic.

cinnamol {sin'-am-ol). 1. See styrol. 2. See alde-
hyde, cinnamic.

cinnamomum {sin-am-o' -mum) . See cinnamon.

cinnamon {sin'-am-on). The inner bark of the
shoots of several species of Cinnamomum, native to
Ceylon and China, the latter variety being known in
commerce under the name of cassia. Two varieties
are official: Cinnamomum saigonicum, Saigon cinna-
mon, and C. zeylanicum, Ceylon cinnamon. Its prop-
erties are due to a volatile oil. It is an agreeable
carminative and aromatic stimulant, used in flatu-
lence, colic, enteralgia, etc. c, aromatic, fluidextract
of, contains aromatic powder, 10; alcohol, 8 parts.
Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). c, aromatic, powder
of, made up of aromatic powder, cinnamon, of each,
35; cardamom, nutmeg, of each, 15. Dose 10-30 gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). c, compound powder of {pulvis cinna-
momi compositus, B. P.), cinnamon-bark, cardamom-
seeds, and ginger. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.).
c, oil of {oleum cinnamomi, U. S. P.), the volatile oil
of cinnamon. Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc).
c, spirit of {spiritus cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 10 % of
the oil in spirit. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc).
c, tincture of {tinctura cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 20 %
of powdered Saigon cinnamon in glycerol, alcohol,
and water. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). c. water {aqua
cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 2 parts of oil in 1000 of water.
Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc).

cinnamyl {sin'-am-il) [cinnamon], C9H7O. The
radical believed to exist in cinnamic acid. c. cinna-
mate. See styracin. c.-eugenol, C19H18O3. It ia
antiseptic and is used hypodermatically instead of
eugenol in tuberculosis. Injection, 2-8 min. (0.12-
0.5 Cc.) of olive-oil solution, c. hydrate, cinnamic
acid. c. hydride, cinnamic aldehyde, c.-meta-
cresol, the metacresol ester of cinnamic acid; a
nontoxic nonirri taring antiseptic substance recom-
mended in treatment of tuberculosis. Syn., heto-
cresol.

cionectomy {si-on-ek' -to-me) [kIwv, the uvula.
tKTour], a cutting out]. Ablation of the uvula.

CIONITIS

228

CIRRHOSIS

cionitis (si-on-i'-tis) [kIuv, the uvula; ms, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the uvula.

cionoptosis (si-on-op-to'-sis) [duv, uvula; tttCxtis,
a falling]. Prolapse of the uvula.

cionorrhaphia (si-on-or-af'-e-ah) [kLwv, the uvula;
i>a.<j>f], a suture]. See staphylorrhaphy.

cionotome (si-on'-o-tom) [kiuv, the uvula; To/117, a
cutting]. An instrument for cutting off the uvula.

cionotomy (si-on-ot'-o-me) [kLwv, uvula; rout}, a
section]. Incision of the uvula.

ciose (si'-6s). Trade name of a dry preparation
containing the protein substance of lean beef in a
soluble form.

Cipollina's test for glucose (sip-ol-e'-nah). Mix 4
c.c. of dextrose solution (or urine), 5 drops of phenyl-
hydrazine (base), and § c.c. of glacial acetic acid in a
test-tube. Heat over a low flame for one minute.
Add 4 or s drops of sodium hydroxide (sp. gr. 1.16)
taking care that the fluid remains acid. Heat the
mixture again for a moment and then cool. Crystals
of glucosazone usually form at once. If they do not,
allow test-tube to stand at least twenty minutes
before final decision is reached.

circellus (ser-sel'-us) [L.; pi., circelli]. A small
circle, circelli cerebelli, the lamina? of the cere-
bellum, c. venosus hypoglossi, a venous plexus
encircling the hypoglossal nerve in the anterior
condylar foramen; it communicates with the occipital
sinus and with the jugular vein.

circinate (sir'-sin-at) [circinatus, circular]. Having
a circular outline or a ring formation, c. eruption,
see wandering rash.

circinus (sir'-sin-us) [dpiuvos, circle]. Herpes
zoster; zona.

circle (ser'-kl) [kLpkos, a circle]. A ring; a line,
every point of which is equidistant from a point
called the center, c, ciliary, the ciliary ligament.
c. of diffusion. See diffusion-circle, c. of Haller.
See Haller, circle, c, Huguier's. See Huguier,
circle, c. of Willis. See Willis, circle, c. of Zinn.
See Haller, circle of (1).

circocele (sur'-ko-sel). See cirsocele.

circuit (ser'-kit) [circuitus, a going round]. The
course of an electric current, c.-breaker, an appar-
atus for interrupting the circuit of an electric current.

circular (ser'-ku-lar). 1. Ring-shaped. 2. Pertain-
ing to a circle. 3. Marked by alternations of
despondency and excitation, as in circular insanity.
c. amputation, amputation with an incision surround-
ing the limb c. insanity. See insanity, circular.
c. sinus. See sinus, circular.

circulation (ser-ku-la' '-shun) [circulatio, a circular
course]. Passage in a circle, as the circulation of
the blood, c, collateral, that taking place through
branches and secondary channels after stoppage of
the principal route, c, fetal, that of the fetus, in-
cluding the circulation through the placenta and um-
bilical cord, c, first, c, primitive, that of the
embryo, a closed system, carrying nutriment and
oxygen to the embryo, c, placental, the fetal circu-
lation, c, portal, the passage of the blood from
the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the
liver, and its exit by the hepatic vein, c, pulmonary,
the circulation of blood through the lungs by means
of the pulmonary artery and veins, for the purpose
of oxygenation and purification, c, second, the
fetal circulation, replacing the omphalomesenteric
system, c, systemic, the general circulation, as
distinct from the pulmonary circulation, c, third,
that of the adult, c, vitelline, first or primitive
circulation.

circulatory (ser'-ku-la-to-re). Pertaining to the
circulation.

circulus (ser'-ku-lus) [L.]. 1. A circle. 2. See
Willis, circle of. c. arteriosus Halleri, the circle of
Haller. c. arteriosus iridis major, an arterial circle
around the circumference of the iris. c. arteriosus
iridis minor, one around the free margin of the iris.
c. articuli vasculosus, that formed by the blood-vessels
in the synovial membrane about the cartilages of a
joint, c. arteriosus Willisii, the circle of Willis, an
arterial circle at the base of the brain, c. gangliosus
ciliaris, a circular nerve-plexus in the ciliary muscle.
Syn., orbiculus gangliosus. c. osseus, the tympanic
ring. c. venosus Halleri, c. venosus mammae, an
anastomosis of veins around the nipple.

circum- (ser-kum-) [L.]. A prefix meaning around,
about.

circumagentes (sir-kum-aj-en'-tez) [L., "causing
to revolve"]. 1. The oblique muscles of the eye.

2. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscle that
revolve the arm.

circumanal (sir-kum-a'-nal) [circum; anus, the
fundament]. Periproctous; surrounding the anus.

circumaxile (ser-kum-aks'-il) [circum-; axis]. En-
circling an axis.

circumaxillary (sir-kum-aks'-il-ar-e) [circum-; ax-
illa]. Surrounding the axilla.

circumbuccal (sir-kum-buk'-al) [circum-; bucca,
the cheek]. Surrounding the mouth.

circumbulbar (sir-kum-bul'-bar). Surrounding a
bulb, especially the eyeball.

circumcision {sir-kum-sizh'-un) [circum-; ccedere,
to cut]. The removal of the foreskin; excision of a
circular piece of the prepuce.

circumclusion (sir-kum-klu'-zhun) [circum-; cludere,
to close]. A form of acupressure in which the pin is
passed beneath the vessel, a wire loop placed over its
point, and its ends brought over the artery and made
fast.

circumcorneal (sir-kum-kor'-ne-al) [circum-; cor-
neus, horny]. _ Around or about the cornea.

circumduction (sir-kum-duk'-shun) [circum-; ducere,
to lead]. The movement of a limb in such a manner
that its distal part describes a circle, the proximal
end being fixed.

circumference (sir-kum'-fer-ens) [circumferre, to
carry around]. The distance around a part.

circumferential (sur-kum-fer-en'-shal). Pertaining
to a circumference; peripheral.

circumflex (sir'-kum-fleks) [circum-; flectere, to
bend]. Winding around. The name given to a
number of arteries, veins, and nerves, on account of
their course.

circumgyration (sir-kum-ji-ra'-shun) [circum-; gy-
rare, to turn]. See vertigo.

circuminsular isir-kum-in' -su-lar) [circum-; insula,
island]. Surrounding the island of Reil.

circumlental (sir-kum-len'-fal) [circum-; lens, a
lentil; lens]. Surrounding the lens. c. space. See
space.

circumnuclear (sir-kum-nu'-kle-ar) [circum-; nu-
cleus, kernel]. Surrounding the nucleus.

circumnutation (sir-kum-nu-ta' -shun) [circum-; nu-
tare, to nod]. A bending successively toward all
points of the compass. Applied to the movements
of young and growing organs.

circumocular (sir-kum-ok'-u-lar) [circum-; oculus,
eye]. Surrounding the eye.

circumoral (sir-kum-o'-ral) [circum-; os, mouth].
Surrounding the mouth.

circumorbital (sir-kum-or -bit-al) [circum-; orbita,
orbit]. Around the orbit.

circumpolarization (sir-kum-po-lar-i-za'-shun) [cir-
cum-; polus, pole]. 1. The rotation of a ray of
polarized light. 2. The quantitative estimation of
sugar in a suspected liquid by the degree of the
rotation of polarized light, sugar rotating the ray
to the right, albumin to the left.

circumrenal (sir-kum-re'-nal) [circum-; ren, the
kidney]. Around or about the kidney.

circumscribed (sir'-kum-skribd) [circum-; scribere,
to write]. Strictly limited or marked off; well
defined; distinct from surrounding parts, as a cir-
cumscribed inflammation or tumor.

circumtonsillar (sir-kum-tons-il'-lar) [circum-; ton-
sil]. Surrounding the tonsil.

circumvallate (sir-kum-val'-at) [circum-; vallum,
wall]. Surrounded by a wall or prominence, c.
papulae, certain papillae at the base of the tongue.

circumvascular (sir-kum-vas'-ku-lar) [circum-; vas-
culum, vessel]. Surrounding a blood vessel, or other

cirrholysin (sir-oV -is-in) . See fibrolysin.

cirrhonosus (sir-on' -o-sus) [kip/J6s, yellow; vbaos,
disease]. 1. A fetal disorder, marked by yellowness
of the serous membranes. 2. Abnormal post-
mortem yellowness of any surface or tissue.

cirrhose (sir-os') [cirrus, a tendril]. In biology,
provided with tendrils.

cirrhosis (sir-o'-sis) [kippos, reddish-yellow from
the color of the cirrhotic liver]. Chronic inflamma-
tion of an organ, characterized by hardening due to
an overgrowth of the connective tissue, c, alcoholic.
See c, atrophic, c, annular. See c, multilobular.
c, atrophic, a form of cirrhosis of the liver occurring
in hard drinkers, characterized by great over-
growth of the interstitial substance, with atrophy
of the parenchyma, c, biliary, a form of cirrhosis
of the liver due to chronic retention of bile from long-

CIRRHOTIC

229

CIVET

continued obstruction of the bile-ducts, c, Budd's.
See Budd's cirrhosis, c, cardiac, c. cordis, hyper-
trophy of the connective tissue between the muscular
fibers of the heart, c, cardiotuberculous, that
accompanied by tuberculosis and symptoms of
cardiac disease, c, Charcot's. See Hanot's disease.
c, fatty, that in which the hepatic or other cells
become infiltrated with fat. c, Glissonian, peri-
hepatitis, c, Hanot's. See Hanot's disease, c.
hepatis, interstitial hepatitis, c, hypertrophic, a
form of cirrhosis in which the liver is permanently
enlarged. The disease is probably infectious, and
is characterized by an overgrowth of the connective
tissue which has no tendency to contract, c, irri-
tative, interstitial hepatitis due to irritation by some
toxic substance which has been carried to the liver
by the hepatic or portal veins, c, Laennec's. See
Laennec's disease, c. of the lung, interstitial pneu-
monia, c. mammae, chronic interstitial mastitis.
c, mixed, that presenting features of both the
atrophic and the hypertrophic form, c, multilobular,
a form of interstitial hepatitis in which many lobules
are surrounded by a fibrous ring, c, muscular, the
induration of connective tissue, fatty degeneration,
and atrophy of the muscular fibers which take place
in muscular contracture, c, obstructive, cirrhosis
of the liver due to the obstruction of the passage of
blood or bile from the liver, c, periportal, atrophic
cirrhosis, so called because the hyperplasia of the
connective tissue _ follows the portal vessels, c,
pigmentary diabetic, cirrhosis of the liver with pig-
mentation of the skin, c, pulmonary, c. pulmonum,
interstitial pneumonia, c, renal, c. renum, inter-
stitial nephritis, c. of the spleen, chronic hyper-
trophy and induration of the spleen, with thickening
of the capsule, c. of the stomach, chrome interstitial
gastritis, c, Todd's. See Todd's cirrhosis, c,
tuberculous, cirrhosis of the liver due to tuberculosis.
It is rare; the majority of cases have occurred in
children, c, turbinated, defective turbinated bodies
due to disappearance or diminishment of the erectile
structure in cases of atrophic rhinitis, c. ventriculi.
See c. of the stomach.

cirrhotic (sir-ot'-ik) [cirrhosis]. Affected with, or
relating to, cirrhosis, c. kidney, chronic interstitial
nephritis.

cirrus (sir'-us) [L.]. i. A lock or tuft of hair.
2. The male genital organ of Cestodes, usually adher-
ent to the anterior end of the cirrus-pouch, c-
pouch, a structure made up of muscle and connective
tissue attached to the male genital aperture of the
Cestodes and seiving to protrude the cirrus.

cirsaneurysma (sirs-an-u-riz'-mah). See aneurysm,
cirsoid.

cirsectomy (sur-sek'-to-me) [icipo-ds, varix; hirou-q, a
cutting out]. Excision of a piece of a varicose vein.

cirsocele (sir'-so-sel) [cirsoid; K17A77, tumor]. A
varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic cord.

cirsoid (sir'-soid) [/ciptros, a varix; eUos, form].
Resembling a varix or dilated vein.

cirsomphalos (sir-som'-fal-os) [cirsoid; 6n<pa\os,
navel]. A varicose condition of the navel.

cirsophthalmia (sir-soff-thal'-me-ah) [nipabs, varix;
6<p6a\p.6s, the eye]. 1. Ophthalmia, with an apparent
varicose condition of the conjunctival vessels. 2.
Corneal staphyloma, with an appearance of vari-
cosity of the surface.

cirsotome (sir'-so-tom) [nipabs, a varix; rop.fi, a
cutting]. A cutting instrument for the operation
of cirsotomy.

cirsotomy {sir-sot' -o-me) [cirsoid; rkuveiv, to cut].
Excision of a varix.

cis-. A prefix proposed by Baeyer to designate
relative asymmetry in unsaturated carbon com-
pounds.

cissa (sis-ah) [L.]. See pica.

cissampeline {sis-am' -pel-en). An alkaloid from
pareira root, identical with beberine.

Cissampelos (sis-am' -pel-os) [kiovos, ivy; ApireXos,
a vine]. A genus of climbing menispermaceous
plants. The root of C. capensis, of South America,
is cathartic and emetic. C. pareira, of tropical
America, false pareira brava (q. v.), is tonic and
diuretic.

cistern (sis' -tern) [cisterna, a vessel; receptacle].
1. A reservoir. 2. Any dilation of the space between
the pia and arachnoid, c. of Pecquet, the recepta-
culum chyli. c, seminal, the posterior culdesac of
the vagina. Syn., receptaculum seminis.

cisterna (sis-ier'-nah) [L.]. Same as cistern. In
the plural, cisterna, the subarachnoid spaces, c.
ambiens. 1. One of the pockets situated over the
optic lobes. 2. See canal, arachnoid, c. basilis,
that part of the anterior subarachnoid space holding
the circle of Willis; it is divided by the chiasm into
two parts, the cisterna anterior and the cisterna
inferior, c. cerebellaris, c. cerebellomedullaris,
cerebellomedullary cistern, or cisterna magna; see
postcisterna. c. chiasmatis, the interpeduncular
space, c. chyli, see receptaculum chyli. c. corporis
callosi, the third ventricle, c. fossae lateralis cerebri,
c. fossae Sylvii, cistern of the lateral fossa of the
cerebrum; see c. Sylviana. c. intercruralis, c. inter-
peduncularis, the anterior subarachnoid space at the
base of the brain, c. intercruralis profunda, that
part of the subarachnoid space lying directly above
the space _ included between the crura cerebri, c.
intercruralis superficialis, that part of the subarach-
noid space included between the pons and the chiasm.
c. lateralis pontis, a small space extending along the
outer edge of the pons. c. lumbaris, see receptaculum
chyli. c. magna. 1. A large cisterna where the
arachnoid spreads across from the caudad border of
the cerebellum to the oblongata. 2. The fourth
ventricle, c. perilymphatica, in the ear, a large space
adjacent to the foot-plate of the stapes, c. pontis,
the anterior subarachnoid space, cisternae sub-
arachnoid ealae, the subarachnoid spaces, c, su-
perior, that included in the angle between the
splenium, the superior surface of the cerebellum, and
the posterior aspect of the quadrigeminum. c.
Sylviana, the part of the subarachnoid space lying
immediately above the Sylvian fissure. Syn.,
c. fossce lateralis cerebri, c. venae magnae cerebri,
see canal, arachnoid.

Cistus (sis'-tus) [k'mttos, the rock-rose]. A genus
of plants of the order Cistacece, growing in the old
world. C. areticus, C. cyprius, C. ladaniferus, and
C. ledon, afford the resinous substance labdanum, or
ladanum.

citarin (sit'-ar-in). Trade name of sodium anhy-
dromethylenecitrate. Used in the treatment of gout.

citral (sit'-ral) [citrus, a lemon]. CioHieO. An
aldehyde found in oil of lemon and many of the
essential oils; a golden-yellow liquid giving aroma and
value to oil of lemon.

citrate (sit' -rat) [citric acid]. Any salt of citric
acid.

citric (sit'-rik) [citrus]. Pertaining to or derived
from lemons or citrons, c. acid. See acid, citric.

citrine (sit'-ren) [citrus]. Yellow; of a lemon-
color, c. ointment (unguentum hydrargyri nitratis,
U. S- P-). a preparation consisting of mercury dis-
solved in nitric acid and mixed with some fatty
substance. It is made by adding 7 parts of nitric
acid to 76 parts of warmed lard oil, and then mixing
it with 7 parts of mercury dissolved in 10 parts of
nitric acid.

citrocoll (sit'-ro-kol). Phenocoll citrate: used as an
antipyretic and antineuralgic.

citrol (sit'-rol). Itrol citrate, a silver preparation
used in gonorrhea.

citronella (sit-ron-el'-ah) [dim. of Klrpov, the
citron-tree]. A fragrant grass, c. oil, the essential
oil of various grasses, mostly of the genus andropogon;
used chiefly as a perfume, and as a protection against
insects; antirheumatic.

citronellol (sit-ron-el'-oT), CioHisO. A body iso-
meric with borneol, obtained from oil of citronella.

citrophen (sit' -ro-fen) , C3H4OH -CONH -OC2-
H5C6H4. Paraphenetidin citrate. It is antipyretic
and antineuralgic. Dose 3-15 SX- (0.2-1.0 Gm.).

citrospirine (sit-ro-spi'-ren). A compound of
acetyl-salicylic acid and citrated caffeine.

citrullin (sit-rul'-in). A resinoid from Citrullus
colocynthis. It is a cathartic extensively used in
veterinary practice. Syn., amorphous colocynihidin;
colocyyithidin.

citrullus (sit-ruV -lus) [L.]. A genus of the Cucur-
bitacece, comprising but two species, indigenous to
tropical Asia and southern Africa. C. colocynthis,
the bitter cucumber or gourd, furnishes colocynth.

citrurea (sit-ru'-re-ah). A combination of citric
acid, urea, and lithium.

Citrus (sit'-rus) [L.]. A genus of aurantiaceous
trees. See auranlium, bergamot, lime, limo.

cittosis (sit-to' -sis) [kitto., Ktaaa, pica]. Pica;
a longing for strange or improper food.

civet (siv'-et). A semi-liquid, unctuous secretion

CIVININI'S SPINE

230

CLAVICULA

from the anal glands of Viverra civetta, V. zibetha,
and V. rasse, carnivorous old-world animals, them-
selves called civets. It is now used as a perfume;
formerly as an antispasmodic and stimulant, like
musk.

Civinini's spine. A small spine on the outer
border of the external pterygoid plate, giving attach-
ment to the pterygospinous ligament.

CI. Chemical symbol for chlorine.

cl. Abbreviation for centiliter.

cladode (klad'-od) [kXoSos, a branch; eI5os, form].
In biology, branch-like.

Cladonia (klad-o'-ne-ah) [kXoSos, a branch]. A
genus of lichens. C. rangiferina, the reindeer-moss;
a lichen that grows extensively in Asia, Europe and
N. America. It is used as a food in famine-sea-
sons, and is locally distilled, affording an alcoholic
spirit.

cladosporium cancerogenes (klad-o-spo'-re-um kan-
ser-oj'-en-ez). A fungus said to be the cause of
carcinoma. Syn., cancer omyces.

Cladothrix (klad'-o-thriks) [nXados, branch; dpL%,
a hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes having long,
apparently branching filaments.

clairaudience (kldr-aw' -de-ens) [Ft. clair, clear;
audience, hearing]. The alleged telepathic hearing
of sounds uttered at a great distance.

clairvoyance (kldr-voi'-ans) [Ft. clair, clear; voir,
to see]. The alleged ability (in certain states), to
see things not normally visible; the pretended ability
to see the internal organs of a patient, and thus
diagnosticate his ailments.

clamp (klamp) [Ger., Klampe]. An instrument
for compressing the parts in surgical operations to
prevent hemorrhage, etc.

clang (klang). A sharp metallic sound; a hoarse
voice, c.-deafness, a defect of hearing in which
sounds are heard, but their more delicate qualities
are not perceived, c.-tint, the timbre, or delicate
shading of a tone. See timbre.

clap (klap) . Gonorrhea, c.-threads, slimy threads
consisting of mucus and pus-cells in the urine of
gonorrheal patients.

clapotage, clapotement (klap-ot-ahzh' ', klap-ot-
mon(g)') [Ft.]. The splashing sound of a liquid in
succussion.

Clapton's line. Greenish discoloration of the gums
and teeth, especially the incisors, in chronic copper-
poisoning.

claquement (klahk'-mon(g)) [Ft., clapping, slap-
ping], i. In massage, percussion with the flat of
the hand. 2. The clack or flapping sound caused
by sudden closure of the heart-valves.

claret (klar'-et) [clams, clear]. A light wine of a
red color.

clarificant (klar'-if-ik-ant) [clarus, clear; facer e, to
make]. A substance used for the purpose of clearing
solutions turbid from insoluble matter.

clarification (klar-if-ik-a'-shun) [clarus, clear;
facere, to make]. The operation of removing the
turbidity of a liquid or naturally transparent sub-
stance. It may be accomplished by allowing the
suspended matter to subside, by the addition of a
clarificant or substance that precipitates suspended
matters, or by moderate heating.

clarify (klar'-if-i) [clarus; facere, to make]. To
free a liquid or solution from insoluble substances;
to make clear.

clarifying (klar-if-i'-ing) [clarus, clear; facere, to
make]. Clearing; purifying, c. reagent, any prepara-
tion used for purifying microscopical and anatomical
preparations that have been mounted in gummy
media. Oil of cloves, turpentine, creosote, xylol,
and oil of bergamot are the chief.

Clark's sign [Alonzo Clark, American physician,
1807-1887]. A tympanitic sound over the hepatic
region in tympanites due to perforative peritoneal
inflammation.

Clarke's corroding ulcer. [Sir Charles Mansfield
Clarke, English physician, 1782-1857]- Progressive
ulcer of the cervix uteri. C.'s tongue, the hard,
fissured, and nodular tongue of syphilitic glossitis
sclerosa.

Clarke's vesicular column [Jacob Augustus Lock-
hart Clarke, English physician, 1817-1880J. A
column of gray substance occupying the region to
the outer and posterior side of the central canal of
the spinal cord, at the inner part of the base of the
posterior cornu, it contains fusiform cells, and is the
trophic center for the direct cerebellar tract.

clasmacytosis (klas-mah-si-to'-sis). Same as clas-
matocytosis.

clasmatocyte (Jzlas-mat'-o-sit) [kX&<taki, fragment;
kOtos, cell]. A form of very large connective-tissue
corpuscles that tend to break up into granules or
pieces.

clasmatocytosis (klas-mat-o-si-to'-sis) [kX&o-mo, frag-
ment; kvtos, a cell]. The breaking up of clasmato-
cytes, and the formation of islands of granules from
their debris.

clasmatosis (Jdas-mat-o'-sis). See clasmatocytosis.

clasp (klasp) [ME., claspen, to grasp firmly],
c.-knife rigidity, a spastic condition of a limb, as a
result of which extension is completed with a "spring,"
as in a knife-blade. It is met in the cerebral palsies
of children.

classification (klas-if-ik-a'-shun) [classis, a class;
facere, to make]. An orderly arrangement of names,
objects, diseases, etc., according to their properties
and peculiarities.

clastic (klas'-lik) [kXchttos, broken]. Breaking up
into fragments; causing division.

clastothrix (klas'-to-thriks). Synonym of Trichor-
rhexis nodosa.

Clathrocystis (klath-ro-sis'-tis) [*Xij0pa, a trellis;
kxxttis, pouch]. A genus of microorganisms with
round or oval cells, forming zooglea? in the form of
circular layers.

claudication {klaw-dik-a'-shun) [claudicare, to
limp]. 1. Lameness. 2. An obstruction, c, Char-
cot's intermittent, c, intermittent, intermittent
paresthesia of the legs attended with pain, tremor,
and excessive' perspiration due to arteriosclerosis;
a condition first noted by French writers in appar-
ently healthy horses and afterward observed in man.
Syn., angina cruris; angiosclerotic paroxysmal myas-
thenia; intermittent lameness; intermittent limping.
c, spontaneous, the lameness that occurs as an
early symptom of coxarthrocace in children.

Claudius' cells [Friedrich Matthias Claudius,
German anatomist, 1822-1869]. Polyhedral or
conoidal cells lining the outer angle of the scala media
of the cochlea. C.'s fossa, the ovarian fossa, a tri-
angular space containing the ovary; it is bounded
anteriorly by the round ligament, above by the
external iliac vein, and below by the ureter.

claustral (klaws'-tral). Pertaining to the claus-
trum.

claustrophilia (klaws-tro-fil'-e-ah) [claustrum; <f».\eiv,
to love], A morbid dread of open places; it is noted
in neurasthenia.

claustrophobia {klaws-tro-fo'-be-ah) [claustrum; <f>6-
/Sos, fear]. Morbid distress at being in a room or
confined space.

claustrum (klaws'-trum) [claudere, to shut; pi.,
claustra]. A barrier; applied to several apertures
that may be closed against entrance. Also, a layer
of cinerea (gray nervous matter) between the insula
and the lenticula. c. gutturis, the opening of the
pharynx, c. oris, see velum palati. c. virginale,
c. virginitatis, the hymen.

clausura (klaw-su'-rah) [L.]. Closure; atresia;
as of a passage, c. tubalis, closure of a Fallopian
tube. c. uteri, an imperforate state of the uterine
cervix.

clava (kla'-vah) [L., "a club"]. An enlargement
of the funiculus gracilis.

clavate (klav'-dt) [clava]. Club-shaped or becoming
gradually thicker toward one end. c. nucleus, a
collection of nerve cells within the clava.

clavation (klav-a'-shun) [clavatio; clavus, a nail].
Same as gomphosis.

clavelization (klav-el-iz-a'-shun) [Ft., clavellee,
sheep-pox]. Inoculation with sheep-pox virus;
ovination.

claven, or claviculen (kla'-ven, kla-vik'-u-len)
[clavis, clavicle]. Belonging to the clavicle in itself.

Claviceps (klav'-is-eps) [clava; caput, head]. A
genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus producing
the ergot of rye.

clavicle (klav'-ik-l) [clavicula; clavus, a key]. The
collar-bone, c.-crutch, Cole's device for supporting
a broken clavicle; it is so furnished with pads and
adjustments as to render bandaging unnecessary.

clavicotomy (klav-ik-ot'-o-me) [clavicle; tow, a
cutting]. Surgical section of the clavicle.

clavicula (klav-ik'-u-lah). The clavicle, c. capitis,
the projection formed by the pterygoid and ento-
pterygoid bones on the pleurapophysis of the hemal
arch of the nasal vertebra.

CLAVICULAR

231

CLINICIAN

clavicular (kla-vik'-u-lar) [clavicle]. Relating to
the clavicle.

claviculate (klav-ik'-u-lat). i. Having a clavicle.
2. Wrinkled; corrugated.

claviculus (kla-vik'-u-lus) [dim. of clavus, a nail;
pi., claviculi]. One of Sharpey's fibers, q. v.

clavifonn (klav'-e-form). See clavate.

clavin (kla'-vin), C11H12N2O4. One of the active
principles of ergot; it is said to be nontoxic.

clavipes (klav'-e-pez) [clava; pes, a foot]. Having
club-shaped feet.

clavis uteri (Jkla'-vis u'-ter-i). Womb-key; an
electrotherapeutic intrauterine device, designed for
the application of electricity in certain pathological
conditions of the uterus and adnexa.

clavus Qzla'-vus) [L., "a nail; a wart; a corn"].
Corn; a hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epi-
dermis, in which there is an ingrowth as well as an
outgrowth of horny substance, forming circumscribed
epidermal thickenings, chiefly about the toes.
c. hystericus, a pain in the head, as if a nail were
being driven in.

claw-foot. A form of talipes due to depression of
the heads of the metatarsal bones, with forced
extension of the first phalanges and flexion of the
last; it is a result of paralysis of the interossei and
lumbricales muscles and of those inserted into the
sesamoid bone of the great toe.

claw-hand. A condition of the hand characterized
by overextension of the first phalanges and extreme
flexion of the others. The condition is a result of
atrophy of the interosseous muscles, with contraction
of the tendons of the common extensor and long
flexor. Syn., main-en-griff e.

clean, cleaning (klen, klen-ing). A word used in
practical anatomy to denote the complete removal
(during the process of dissection) of the fat or con-
nective tissue, from the surface of any structure.

cleansings (klen'-zingz). The lochia.

clearing agent. A substance used in microscopy to
render tissues transparent and suitable for mounting.

cleavage (kle'-vaf) [AS., cleofan, to split asunder].
1. The linear clefts in the skin indicating the general
direction of the fibers. They govern to a certain
extent the arrangement of the lesions in skin diseases.
The lines of cleavage run, for the most part, obliquely
to the axis of the trunk, sloping from the spine down-
ward and forward; in the limbs they are mostly
transverse to their longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of
cell-division, c, egg-. See segmentation, c.-nu-
cleus, the nucleus which in the fertilized egg results
from the union of the male and female nuclei.

Cleemann's sign, C.'s test. In fracture of the
femur with shortening there is a wrinkle above the
ligamentum patellae, which disappears when the
shortening is corrected by extension.

cleft (kleft). Divided. A fissure, c, branchial.
See c, visceral, c, genital, a depression in the genital
region of the embryo from which the cloaca is
developed, c.-hand, a congenital deformity in which
some finger or fingers are widely separated from the
others, c. palate, a congenital fissure of the palate.
c. sternum, congenital fissure of the sternum, c,
visceral, the four slit-like openings on each side in
the cervical region in the fetus, sometimes called the
branchial openings. The slits close (in the human
fetus) , except the upper, from which are developed the
auditory meatus, tympanic cavity, and Eustachian
,tube.

cleidagra, cleisagra {kli-dag'-rah, kli-sag'-rah)
[/cXeis, clavicle; ay pa, seizure]. Gouty pain in the
clavicle.

cleidal (kli'-dal) [«X«'s, clavicle]. Relating to the
clavicle; clavicular.

cleidarthritis (kli-dar-thri'-tis) [kXcw, clavicle;
arthritis]. Inflammation of the sternoclavicular
articulation.

cleido- (kli-do-) [/cXefe, clavicle]. A prefix meaning
pertaining to the clavicle.

cleidocostal (kli-do-kos'-tal). Pertaining to the
ribs and the clavicle.

cleidohyoid (kli-do-hi'-oid). Relating to the clavi-
cle and the hyoid.

cleidomastoid {kW -do-mas' -toid). Pertaining to
the clavicle and to the mastoid process.

cleido-occipital (kli-do-ok-sip'-it-al). Relating to
the clavicle and occiput, c. muscle. See under
muscle.

cleidoscapular {kli-do-skap' '-u-lar) . Relating to
the clavicle and the scapula.

cleidosternal (kli-do-stur'-nal). Sternoclavicular.

cleidotomy (kli-dot'-o-me) [cleido-; renvew, to cut].
The operation of dividing the clavicles in cases of
difficult labor due to the broad shoulders of the child.

cleidotripsy (kli-do-trip'-se). The operative crush-
ing of the clavicle.

clematine (klem'-at-in) . An alkaloid from Clematis
vitalba.

Clematis iklem'-ai-is). A genus of ranunculaceous
plants of many species, most of which are acrid or
poisonous. C. corymbosa is powerfully irritant and
resistant. C. crispa and C. erecta are diuretic and
diaphoretic, and are said to be antisyphilitic. C.
viorna, C. virginica, and C. vitalba are similar in
properties to C. erecta.

Clemens' solution (klem'-enz). Liquor potassii
arsenatis et bromidi.

cleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah). See kleptomania.

cleptophobia (klep-to-fo'-be-ah). See kleptophobia.

clergyman's sore throat. A chronic hypertrophic
form of pharyngitis, with more or less enlargement
of the tonsils and lymph-follicles of the posterior
wall, due to excessive or improper use of the voice.

Clerodendron (kler-o-den'-dron) [tcXijpos, a lot;
bkvbpov, tree]. A genus of tropical shrubs and trees
of the order Verbenacece. C. infortunatum is a species
indigenous to India and Malaya; it is used as a
substitute for chirata; the juice of the leaves is a
tonic, febrifuge, and vermifuge. C. nereifolium is a
species found in Malaya; the root and leaves are
antisyphilitic, tonic, and vulnerary; the root and
fruit are used to stupefy fish. C. serratum is indige-
nous to India; the root is tonic and stomachic; the
fruit, purgative and diuretic. The leaves and an
insect larva found on the branches of C. trichotomum
are used as an ascaricide. C. villosum is a species
indigenous to Malaya; the root is stomachic, the sap
vermifugal.

Clevenger's fissure (klev'-en-jer). The inferior
occipital fissure; a small fissure between the second
and third occipital convolutions.

clicking sounds (klik'-ing soundz). Peculiar sharp
sounds heard in auscultating the apex of a tuber-
culous lung. They indicate the commencement of
softening in a tuberculous deposit. See rale.

clidagra. See cleidagra.

clidarthritis. 1. See cleidagra. 2. See cleidarthritis.

clidocostal. See cleidocostal.

clidotomy. See cleidotomy.

clidotripsy. See cleidotripsy. (

climacter (kli-mak'-tur). See climacteric.

climacteric (kli-mak'-ter-ik) [KXifiajcrrip, the round
of a ladder]. A period of life at which the system was
believed to undergo marked changes. These periods
were thought to occur every seven years. The
word is now generally applied to the menopause.
c. age, puberty; also in women the time of cessation
of the catamenia. c. epoch. Same as c. age. c,
grand, the sixty-third year.

climate (kli'-mat) [icXina, a region, or zone, of the
earth]. The sum of those conditions in any region
or country that relate to the air, the temperature,
moisture, sunshine, winds, etc., especially in so far
as they concern the health or comfort of mankind.

climatic (kli-mat'-ik) [icXina, a region or zone of
the earth]. Pertaining to climate.

climatology (kli-mat-ol'-o-je) [kXi^ci, climate; Xoyos,
science]. The science of climate.

clirnatotherapy (kli-mat-o-ther'-a-pe) [*cXt/ia, clime;
eepaweia, a waiting on]. The employment of cli-
matic measures in the treatment of disease.

climax (kli'-maks) [kX?juci£, ladder]. The acme, or
height of a disease; the period of greatest intensity.

clinic (klin'-ik) [kXiVij, a bed]. 1. Medical instruc-
tion given at the bedside, or in the presence of the
patient whose symptoms are studied and whose
treatment is considered. 2. A place where such
instruction is given. 3. A gathering of instructors,
students, and patients for the study and treatment
of disease.

clinical (klin'-ik-al) [clinic]. 1. Relating to bed-
side treatment or to a clinic. 2. Pertaining to the
symptoms and course of a disease as observed by the
physician, in opposition to the anatomical changes
found by the pathologist, c. thermometer. See
thermometer.

clinician {klin-ish'-an) [clinic]. A physician whose
opinions, teachings, and treatment are based upon
experience at the bedside; a clinical instructor; one
who practises medicine.

CLINICIST

232

CLYSMIC

clinicist (klin'-is-ist) [clinic]. A clinician,
clinicopathology {klin-ik-o-path-ol'-o-je) [clinic; pa-
thology]. Pathological conditions as open to clinical
observation.

clino- (klin-o-) [kXIvclv, to incline]. A prefix
denoting inclination or declination.

clinocephalia (klin-o-sef-a'-le-ah) [clino-; K.e<t>ahi),
head]. Abnormal flatness of the top of the head.

clinocephalous (klin-o-sef'-al-us) [clino-; ice<pd\r),
head]. Having the top of the head abnormally flat.
clinocephalus {klin-o-sef'-al-us) [clino-; Ke<t>a\ri,
the head]. A variety of dolichocephalus occurring
through synostosis of the sphenoparietal suture and
resulting in a saddle-formed depression of the skull.
Syn., saddle-head.

clinodactylous (klin-o-dak'-til-us) [clino-; SoktvXos,
finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal flexure, devi-
ation or curvature of the fingers or toes.

clinodiagonal (klin-o-di-ag'-on-al) [clino-; diagonal].
Inclined and diagonal; obliquely transverse.

clinoid (klin'-oid) [sKlvq, a bed; eldos, likeness].
Resembling a bed; applied to sundry bony structures
of the body, as the clinoid processes, c. processes.
See under process.

clinology (klin-ol -o-je) [clino-; Xoyos, science].
I. The science of the decline of animal life after it
has reached the meridian. 2. [kKIvij, a bed]. The
study of beds for the sick.

clinometer (klin-om'-et-er) [clino-; \ikrpov, a
measure]. An apparatus to estimate the rotational
capacity of the ocular muscles, c, Duane's. See
Duane's test.

clinoscope {klin'-o-skop) [clino-; vicoireiv, to view].
An instrument for measuring the torsion of the
eyes when gazing at a fixed object with the axes of
vision presumably parallel.

clinostat (klin'-o-stat) [clino-; ffraros, placed].
An apparatus for regulating the exposure of plants
to the sunlight.

clinotechny (klin-o'-tek-ne) [kkliy, a bed; rexvv, an

art]. The art of making and preparing beds for the sick.

cliseometer (Mis-e-om'-et-er) [kXio-is, inclination;

ixerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring

the degree of inclination of the pelvic axis.

clition (klit'-e-on) [kXitvs, a slope]. A cranio-
metric point located in the middle of the anterior
border of the clivus ossis.

clitoralgia (klit-or-al'-je-ah) [clitoris; &X70S, pain].
Pain referred to the clitoris.

clitoridauxe (klit-or-id-awk'-se) [clitoris; abb,
increase]. Hypertrophy of the clitoris.

clitoridectomy (klit-or-id-ek'-to-me) [clitoris; wtom,
excision]. Excision of the clitoris.

clitoris (klit'-or-is) OXeiropfe, clitoris]. The
homologue in the female of the penis, attached to the
ischiopubic rami by two crura or branches, which
meet in front of the pubic joint to form the body, of
corpus. It possesses erectility. c. crises, paroxysms
of sexual excitement in women suffering from tabes.
clitorism (klit'-or-izm). 1. Enlargement or hyper-
trophy of the clitoris. 2. Tribadism.

clitoritis (klit-or-i'-tis) [clitoris; w«; inflammation].
Inflammation of the clitoris.

clitorotomy (klit-or-ot'-o-me). Incision of the
clitoris.

clitorrhagia (klit-or-a'-je-ah) [clitoris; fayvvvai, to
burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the clitoris.
clivis (kli'-vis). Same as declivis cerebelli.
clivus (kli'-vus) [L., "a slope"]. A slope, c. ossis,
c. of Blumenbach, the slanting surface of the body
of the sphenoid bone between the sella turcica and
the basilar process of the occipital bone. c. monti-
culi. Same as declivis cerebelli.

cloaca (klo-a'-kah) [L., "a sewer"]. 1. In early
fetal life, the common orifice of the intestine and
the allantois. 2. A fistulous tract in bone dis-
charging pus from a sequestrum. 3. A common
outlet to the rectum and the bladder, c, congenital,
a malformation in which the rectum opens into the
genitourinary tract, c, urogenital, an abnormal
common opening of the urethra and vagina due to a
defective urethrovaginal septum, c, vesicorecto-
vaginal, a common aperture of the bladder, rectum,
and vagina, due to deformity or trauma.

cloacal (klo-a'-kal) [cloaca, a sewer]. Pertaining
to or serving as a cloaca.

clonic (klon'-ik) [clonus]. Applied to convulsive
and spasmodic conditions of muscles characterized
by alternate contractions and relaxations.

clonicity (klon-is'-it-e). The state of being clonic.

clonism, clonismus {klo'-nizm, klo-niz'-mus) [clo-
nus], A clonic spasm or a succession of clonic spasms ;
clonospasm.

clonograph (klon'-o-graf) [clonus; ypafeiv, to
write]. An apparatus for recording the spasmodic
movements of the head, extremities, lower jaw, and
trunk, as well as the tendon-reflexes.

clonospasm (klon'-o-spazm) [k\6i>os, commotion;
ciraanos, a spasm]. A clonic spasm.

clonus (klo'-nus) [k\6i>os, commotion]. A series
of movements characterized by alternate contractions
and relaxations; a clonic spasm. Involuntary, reflex,
irregular contractions of muscles when put suddenly
upon the stretch. According to the part affected,
the phenomenon is spoken of as ankle-, foot-, rectus-,
or wrist-clonus, etc. See under reflex.

Cloquet's canal (klo-ka') [Hippolyte Cloquet,
French surgeon, 1787-1840; Jules Germain Cloquet,
French surgeon, 1790-1883]. The hyaloid canal;
an irregular canal running anteroposterior^ through
the center of the vitreous body and transmitting the
hyaloid artery during fetal ^ life. C.'s fascia, the
crural septum. C.'s ganglion, the nasopalatine
ganglion. C.'s hernia, subpubic hernia; a femoral
hernia passing behind and internally to the femoral
vessels and resting on the pectineus muscle. C.'s
ligament. See Hatter's habenula,

clostridial (klos-trid'-e-al) [kKohtt-op, a spindle].
Pertaining to,- or caused by Clostridium.

Clostridium {klos-trid'-e-um) [kXoxtttip, a spindle].
A genus of bacteria differing from bacilli in the
fact that their spores are formed in an enlarged part
of the cell.

closure (klo'-zhur) [clausura, a closing]. The act
of completing or closing an electric circuit.

clot (klot) [AS., elate, a bur]. A peculiar solidi-
fication of the blood, such as takes place when it is
shed.

clotbur {klot' -bur). The leaves of Xanthium
strumarium, much used as a domestic remedy for
bites of poisonous insects and venomous serpents.
Also an active styptic. Dose of the fluidextract
5 j-ij-

clottage (klot'-aj). The blocking up of a canal
(as a ureter) with a blood-clot.

cloudy swelling. Parenchymatous degeneration;
a swelling-up of the elements of a tissue, with the
formation in them of fine granules due to the change
of soluble albuminates into insoluble.

clove (klov). See Caryophyllus. c.-hitch knot, a
form of double knot in which two successive loops
are made close to each other on the same piece of
cord or bandage, a half-twist being given to the
junction of each loop at the time of making it.

clownism (klown'-izm). That stage of hysteroepi-
lepsy in which there is an emotional display with a
remarkable series of contortions.

clubbed fingers. Knobbed deformity of the
finger-tips, with curvature of the nails over the
finger-ends; seen in some cases of pulmonary and
cardiac disease.

club-foot. See talipes, c, heel, talipes cal-
caneus, c, inward, talipes varus, c, outward,
talipes valgus.

club-hand. A deformity of the hand similar to
that of club-foot.

club-moss (klub'-mos). See Lycopodium.
clumping (klump'-ing). See agglutination (2).
c. serum. See under serum.

clunes (klu'-nez) [pi. of clunis, buttock]. The
buttocks, nates.

clupein (klu'-pe-in) [clupea, a kind of small river-
fish], C30H57N17O6 +4H2O. A protamine from the
herring. Syn., salmin.

Clusia (klu'-se-ah) [Charles de VEscluse (1526-
1609)]. A genus of plants of the order Guttiferce,
many species of which yield a gum-resin called West
Indian balsam. C. flava, of the West Indies, yields
the milky sap used as a substitute for copaiba. C.
insignis, of Brazil, yields a milky sap used as a salve.
C. hiliariana, of the West Indies and South America,
yields a gum used as a drastic and vulnerary; the
fruit is edible and the astringent bark is employed
in diarrhea.

clysis (kW-sis) [/cXufew, to cleanse]. The adminis-
tration of an enema; the cleansing by means of an
enema.

clysma (kliz'-mah). See clyster.
clysmic (kliz'-mik). Relating to an enema; suit-
able for cleansing or washing.

CLYSTER

233

COCAINE

clyster (klis'-ter) [k\v<tttip, an injection]. An
enema. See alimentation, rectal, c, meat-bouillon-
wine- (Fleiner): 80 Gm. of beef -tea and 40 Gm. of
mild white wine. Inject 2 or 3 times a day at body-
heat, c, meat-pancreas- (Leube): 150 Gm. good
beef scraped and chopped fine; 80 Gm. fresh pancreas
(cow or hog) free from fat; mix with 150 Gm. luke-
warm water; inject from 50 to 100 Gm. at a time, by
means of a simple funnel, and at blood-heat, c,
nutritive (Boas) : warm 250 Gm. of milk, stir in 2 egg-
yolks, 1 teaspoonful of common salt, and 1 table-
spoonful of wheat-starch, and afterward add 1 table-
spoonful of red wine. If the mucous membrane is
easily irritated, 4 or 5 drops of tincture of opium
may be added, c, nutritive (Ewald): wheaten
starch, § teaspoonful, is boiled with a cup (100 Gm.)
of a 20 % solution of grape-sugar, and 1 wineglass
(150 Gm.) of red wine added. Then the solution is
cooled to 35° C. and 2 or 3 eggs beaten smooth
with 1 teaspoonful of cold water and a little salt are
stirred in slowly. Inject at blood-heat, c, nutritive
(Jaccoud): bouillon, 250 Gm.; wine, 120 Gm.; yolks
of 2 eggs; and peptone, 5 to 20 Gm. c, nutritive
(Rosenheim): peptone, 4 to 8 Gm.; 2 eggs; glucose,
15 Gm., and sometimes, if desired, emulsions of
cod-liver oil.

clysterize (klis'-ter-lz). To administer a clyster.

CM. An abbreviation for Chirurgice Magister,
Master of Surgery.

Cm. Abbreviation of centimeter.

cm. Abbreviation of centimeter.

CN. 1. Abbreviation for cyanogen. 2. Trade
name of a disinfectant.

cnemial (ne'-me-al) [k^mi. the leg]. Relating to
the tibia or leg; crural.

cnemis (ne'-mis) [icv-fiM, the leg]. The tibia or
shin-bine.

cnemitis (ne-mi'-tis) [w^MTf, shin; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the tibia.

cnemoscoliosis (ne-mo-sko-le-o'-sis) [kv^ihv, the
leg; (tkoXios, curved]. Lateral curvature of the legs.

cnicin (nl'-sin) [wfjicos, a plant of the thistle kind],
C42H55O15. A crystalline bitter substance found in
Cnicus benedictus. Blessed thistle.

cnidosis (ni-do'-sis) [Kvlh-q, nettle]. Urtication;
nettle-rash.

Co. Chemical symbol of cobalt.

coagulable (ko-ag'-u-la-bl) . Capable of coagulation.

coagulant (ko-ag'-ii-lani) [coagulate, to curdle].

1. Causing the formation of a clot or coagulum.

2. A coagulating agent.

coagulated (ko-ag'-u-la-ted) [coagulare, to curdle].
Clotted; curdle, c. proteids, a class of proteids
produced by heating solutions of egg-albumin or
serum-albumin up to 700 C. or higher. At the body-
temperature they are readily converted into pep-
tones by the action of the gastric juice in an acid
medium, or of pancreatic juice in an alkaline medium.

coagulation {ko-ag-u-la' -shun) [coagulum]. The
formation of a coagulum or clot, as in blood or in
milk. c. necrosis, a peculiar metamorphosis by
which cells lose their nuclei and change their chemical
composition.

coagulative (ko-ag'-u-la-tiv) [coagulum]. Causing
or favoring or marked by coagulation, c. necrosis.
See necrosis, coagulative.

coagulin (ko-ag'-u-lin) [coagulum]. 1. A sub-
stance endowed with capacity to precipitate certain
albuminous bodies contained in the culture-fluid
injected into an inoculated animal. 2. A proprietary
preparation used to check hemorrhage.

coagulometer {ko-ag-u-lom'-et-er) [coagulum; iikrpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for the determination of
the rapidity of coagulation of the blood, c, Wright's,
a cylinder surrounded by pockets for thermometer
and coagulation-tubes.

coagulose (ko-ag' -it-Ids). Trade name of a blood
coagulant obtained by precipitating horse serum.

coagulum (ko-ag'-u-lum) [coagulare, to curdle].
A clot. The mass of fibrin, inclosing red and color-
less corpuscles and serum, that forms from the
blood after the latter has been drawn from the body.
Also, the curd of milk and the insoluble form of
albumin.

Coakley's operation (kok'-le) [Cornelius Godfrey
Coakley, American laryngologist, 1862- ]. For
disease of frontal sinus: the anterior wall of the
sinus is removed and the sinus is curetted; the nasal
duct is also curetted with a view to procuring its ob-
literation.

coalescence (ko-al-es'-ens) [coalescere, to grow
together]. The union of two or more parts or things
previously separate.

coalescent (ko-al-es'-ent). In a condition of
coalescence.

coalitus (ko-al'-it-us) [L.]. Coalescent; coales-
cence, c. artuum, adhesion of limbs to each other.
See ankylomele.

coal-tar (kol'-tar). A by-product in the manu-
facture of illuminating gas; it is a black, viscid fluid,
of a characteristic and disagreeable odor. The
specific gravity ranges from 1.10 to 1.20. Its com-
position is extremely complex, and its principal
constituents are separated, one from the other, by-
means of fractional distillation. Among the princi-
pal products manufactured from coal-tar are anthra-
cene, benzol, naphtha, creosote, phenol, pitch, etc.
From the basic oil of coal-tar are manufactured the
anilin or coal-tar colors or dyes.

coaptation (ko-ap-ta'-shun) [con, together; aptare,
to fit]. The proper union or adjustment of the ends
of a fractured bone, the lips of a wound, etc.

coarctate (ko-ark'-tat) [coarctare, to press together].
Crowded together, c. retina, a funnel-shaped retina.

coarctation (ko-ark-ta'-shun) [coarctate]. A com-
pression of the walls of a vessel or canal, narrowing
or closing the lumen; reduction of the normal or
previous volume, as of the pulse; shriveling and
consequent detachment, as of the retina. A stricture.

coarctotomy (ko-ark-tot'-o-me) [coarctatus, con-
stricted; rky.veiv, to cut]. The cutting of a stricture.

coarse (kors). Not fine: f gross, c. adjustment.
See adjustment, coarse, c. features of disease, macro-
scopic organic lesions, such as swelling, hemorrhage,
etc.

coarticulation (ko-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [con, together;
articulare, to join, articulate]. A synarthrosis.

coat (kot) [cottus, a tunic]. A cover or membrane
covering a part or substance, c, buffy, the upper
fibrinous layer of the clot of coagulated blood,
characterized by its pale color, due to absence of
red corpuscles, c, internal elastic. See Henle's
fenestrated membrane, c, internal fibrous. See c,
subepithelial, c, middle, the tunica media, c,
subepithelial, the middle layer of the intima, com-
posed of fusiform and stellate cells and finely granular
substances with longitudinal and transverse fibrils.
Syn., innermost longitudinal fibrous coat; intermediary
layer; internal fibrous coat; striated layer of the internal
coat, c, uveal, the uvea, c, vaginal. 1. The
fibrous capsule of the eyeball. 2. See tunica vaginalis.

coating (kot'-ing) [cottus, a tunic]. A covering,
as of a wound, the tongue, etc. c. of the tongue, a
condition of the tongue indicative of abnormality
of the digestive tract, c. of pills, a covering of
various substances to conceal the taste in swallowing.

cobalt (ko'-bawlt) [Kobold, a German mythological
goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having some of the
general properties of iron. Its oxides have been
employed in medicine, but are now very little used.
Symbol, Co; atomic weight, 58.97. c. nitrate, CO-
(NOVh +6H2O. It is said to be a successful antidote in
poisoning by hydrocyanic acid and potassium cyanide.
c. and potassium nitrate, COK3(N02)6, cobalt yellow,
a powder, slightly soluble in water; antispasmodic
and antidyspneic. Dose f-f gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.).
Syn., potassium cobaltonitrite. c. salipyrin, a salicy-
late of cobalt and antipyrin.

Cobelli's glands (ko-bel'-e). A ring of mucous
glands in the mucosa of the esophagus, just above
the cardia.

cobra (ko'-brah) [Port.]. A venomous snake of
India, Naja tripudians. c.-lysin, Myers' term for
the hemolytic poison of cobra venom. It is destroyed
by heat and neutralized by antivenin. _ Cf. cobra
nervine; echidnase; echidnotoxin. c. nervine, one of
the principles isolated by Myers from cobra venom.
It is not decomposed by heat or neutralized by
antivenin.

coca (ko'-kah). See Erythroxylon.

cocaethylin (ko-kah-eth'-il-in), C18H23NO4. A white
• powder obtained from benzoylecgonin by action of
ethyl iodide. It is soluble in alcohol and ether and
almost insoluble in water; it is a local anesthetic,
milder than cocaine. Syn., benzoylecgoninethylic
ester; ethylbenzoylecgonin; homococaine.

cocaine (ko'-kah-en or ko-kan') [S.A., coca], C17H21-
N4O. Cocaine (cocaina, U. S. P.) is the chief alka-
loid of Erythroxylon coca. It is at first stimulant
and afterward narcotic, and resembles caffeine in

COCAINISM

234

COCHLEAR

its action on the nerve-centers, and atropine in its
effects on the respiratory and circulatory organs.
Its long-continued use (cocaine-habit) is followed by
insomnia, decay of moral and intellectual power,
emaciation, and death. It is a local anesthetic when
applied to the surface of mucous membranes or given
hypodermatically. Applied to the conjunctiva of
the eye, it causes also dilatation of the pupil and
paralysis of the function of accommodation. Dose
\-2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.). Syn., methylbenzoylec-
gonin. c. aluminum citrate, a double salt consisting
of three molecules of albuminum citrate and one of
cocaine; it is used as an astringent and as a local
anesthetic, c. aluminum sulphate, a compound of
aluminum sulphate and cocaine. It is used as is
cocaine aluminum citrate, c. benzoate, C17H21NO4 . -
C7H6O2, anodyne and anesthetic, c. borate, a white,
crystalline powder containing 68.7 % of cocaine.
It is used in eye-douches and subcutaneous injec-
tions, c. cantharidate, (Ci7H2iN04)2CioHi204. It is
used hypodermatically in tuberculosis; injection,
kV-A EX. (0.0013-0.0016 Gm.) in 500 parts of
chloroform-water, c. carbolate, a crystalline mass
containing 75 % of cocaine; it is analgesic, anticat-
arrhal, and a local anesthetic. Dose 15—6 SX.
(0.005-0.01 Gm.), once or twice daily in capsules.
Injection, 16 min. (1 Cc.) of 1 : 1250 solution in
dilute alcohol. Application, 1 to 3 % solution with
30 % alcohol, 5 % powder, or pure. c. cerate,
1 : 30, for burns, etc. c. chloride. See c. hydro-
chloride, c. citrate, used to stop toothache, c.
hydrobromide, Cr/EfoiNCkHBr, small white crystals,
soluble in water. It is used instead of cocaine hydro-
chloride and the dosage is the same. c. hydro-
chloride (cocaines hydrochloridum, U. S. P.), C17H21-
NO4 . HC1, most commonly used for local anesthesia
in 2 to 8 % solution. Dose, internally, f-2 gr.
(0.008-0.13 Gm.). c. hydrochloride, solution of
(liquor cocaines hydrochloratis, B. P.). Dose 2-10
min. (0.13-0.65 Cc). c. hydroiodide, C17H21NO4 . -
HI, a suggested substitute for cocaine hydrochloride
in producing electroanesthesia. c. lactate, C17H21-
NO4C3H6O3, a white liquid of the consistence of
honey; it is used particularly in tuberculous cysts of
the bladder. Injection (into the bladder), i| gr.
(0.1 Gm.) dissolved in 5 parts each of lactic acid
and distilled water, c, lamellae (lamella cocaines,
B. P.), each contains T&tr gr- (0.00065 Gm.) of cocaine
hydrochloride, c. muriate. See c. hydrochloride.
c. nitrate, Q7H21NO4 . HNO3. It is used in combina-
tion with silver nitrate in treatment of disorders of
the genitourinary tract. Dose, as the hydrochloride,
maximum dose f gr. (0.049 Gm.), single; 2\ gr.
(0.146 Gm.) a day. c. oleate (oleatum cocaince,
U. S. P.), a 10 % solution in oleic acid, for external
use. c. phenate, a topical application in catarrhs
and in rheumatism, used as a 5 to 10 % alcoholic
solution; also internally. Dose &-% gr. (0.005-
0.01 Gm.). c. phthalate, contains 64.6 % of the
alkaloid. It is used hypodermatically instead of
cocaine hydrochloride, c. saccharate, moist crystal-
line plates used in diseases of the throat; a 5 % so-
lution corresponds to a 4 % solution of cocaine
hydrochloride, c. salicylate, C17H21NO4 . C7H6O3,
is used in spasmodic asthma in the same manner as
cocaine hydrochloride, c. tartrate, (CnH2iN04)2-
C4H6O6. Uses and dose same as of cocaine hydro-
chloride.

cocainism (ko-ka' -in-izm) [cocaine]. The cocaine-
habit.

cocainist (ko-ka' -in-ist). One addicted to habitual
use of cocaine.

cocainization (ko-ka-in-iz-a'-shun) [cocaine]. The
bringing of the system or an organ under the in-
fluence of cocaine, c, endomeningeal, c, intra-
spinal, c, spinal-canal, c, spinal subarachnoid, c,
subarachnoid. See Corning-Bier method under anes-
thetic.

cocainize (ko-ka' -in-iz). To bring under the
influence of cocaine.

cocainomania (ko-ka-in-o-ma'-ne-ah) [cocaine; na-
vla, madness]. The habit of using cocaine;
properly, insanity due to the cocaine-habit.

cocainomaniac (ko-ka-in-o-ma'-ne-ak) [cocaine; na-.
via, madness]. One who is insane from the effects
of cocaine.

cocapyrine (ko-ka-pi'-rin). A mixture of cocaine,
I part; antipyrine, 100 parts; used as an analgesic
and antipyretic. Dose 3^ gr. (0.22 Gm.).

Coccaceae (kok-ka'-se-e) [see coccus]. A group of

schizomycetous fungi or bacteria, including as genera
the micrococcus, sarcina, ascococcus, and leuconostoc.

coccai(kok'-al) [coccus]. Relating to cocci.

coccidial (kok-sid'-e-al). Relating to, or caused
by, coccidia.

coccidoidal granuloma (kok-sid-oi'-dal gran-u-lo'-
ma). Granuloma due to the presence of the Oidium
coccidoides.

Coccidioides immitis pyogenes (kok-sid-e-o'-id-ez
im-i'-tis pi-oj'-en-ez). A pathogenic microorganism
discovered by Ophiils and Moffitt (1900). It pro-
duces in human beings chronic suppurative processes
or caseation.

coccidiosis (kok-sid-e-o'-sis) [coccidium; vbaos,
disease]. The group of symptoms produced by
the presence of coccidia in the body.

Coccidium (kok-sid'-e-um) [coccus; pi., coccidia].
A genus of protozoa, by some referred to as the so-
called psorosperms. See. psorosperm. C. oviforme,
has been found in intestinal epithelium and in the
liver of man, and often in the liver of the rabbit.
True coccidia are nonmotile cell-parasites. C.
sarkolytus, the name given by Adamkiewicz to the
so-called parasite of carcinoma.

coccigenic (kok-sij-en'-ik) [kokkos, berry; yevv&v,
to produce]. Caused by micrococcus.

coccinella (kok-sin-el'-ah) . See cochineal.

coccineous (kok-sin'-e-us) [coccinus, scarlet]. In
color, pure carmine tinged with yellow.

coccobacteria (kok-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [coccus; Polkttj-
piov, a little rod]. The rod-like or spheroidal bacteria
found in putrefying liquids, and called C. septica.

coccogenous (kok-oj'-en-us) [coccus; yevvap, to
produce]. Caused by the presence of cocci.

coccomelasma (kok-o-mel-az'-mah) [kokkos, berry;
lik\aay.a, blackness]. A granular dermal melanosis.

cocculin (kok'-u-lin). See picrotoxin.

cocculus indicus (kok'-u-lus in'-dik-us). The
dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus. It is an active
narcotic poison. It is employed as a destroyer of
vermin. See picrotoxin.

coccus (kok'-us) [kokkos, a berry; pi., cocci]. 1. A
genus of insects including C. cacti, the cochineal
insect. 2. A spherical bacterium — a micrococcus.

coccyalgia (kok-se-al'-je-ah) [k6kkv£, coccyx; &X70S,
pain]. Coccygodynia.

coccycephalus (kok-se-sef'-al-us) [coccyx; xe^aXi?,
the head]. 1. Having a beaked process for a head.
2. A monstrosity with such a head.

coccydynia (kok-se-din'-e-ah). See coccygodynia.

coccygeal (kok-sij'-e-al) [k6kkv£, coccyx]. Per-
taining to the occcyx.

coccygectomy (kok-sij-ek'-to-me) [kokkv£, coccyx;
iKTonri, excision]. Surgical excision of the coccyx.

coccygeomesenteric (kok-sij-e-o-mez-en-terr-ik) .

Relating to the caudal and mesenteric areas; applied
to an embryonic vein.

coccygeus (kok-sij'-e-us) [coccyx]. One of the pel-
vic muscles. _ See under muscle.

coccygodynia (kok-sig-o-din'-e-ah) [coccyx; bdwrj,
pain]. Pain referred to the region of the coccyx;
confined almost exclusively to women who have given
birth to children.

coccygotomy (kok-sig-ot'-o-me) [k6kkv£, coccyx;
Toy.ii, a cutting]. Cutting of the coccyx.

coccyodynia (kok-se-o-din'-e-ah). See coccygodynia.

coccyx (kok'-siks) [k6kkv£, cuckoo (resembling the
bill)]. The last bone of the spinal column, formed
by the union of four rudimentary vertebrae.

cochia (kok'-e-ah or kotch'-e-ah) [L. ; of Gr. kokkIov,
a pill]. An old name for certain drastic and mainly
aloetic pills (pilules cochies); pills of aloes and colo-
cynth. The name cochia is now adjectival.

cochineal (kotch'-in-el or kotch-in-lV) [ME.,
cutchaneal]. The dried insects of a species of plant-
lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a cactus of Mexico
and Central America. It contains a rich red coloring-
matter, carmine, used mainly as a dyeing agent. It is
thought to be valuable in whooping-cough. Dose \
gr. (0.02 Gm.).

cochinilin (kotch-in-il'-in). The same as carminic
acid.

Cochin-leg (kot'-chin) [Cochin-China], Synonym
of elephantiasis arabum.

cochlea (kok'-le-ah) [koxXos, a conch-shell]. A
cavity of the internal ear resembling a snail-shell.
It describes 2 h turns about a central pillar called the
modiolus or columella, forming the spiral canal,
about 1 \ inches in length. See also ear.

cochlear, cochleare (kok'-le-ar, kok-le-a'-re) [L.].

COCHLEAR

235

COFFEOL

A spoon; a spoonful, c. amplum, c. magnum, a
tablespoon, c. medium, a dessertspoon, c. mini-
mum, c. parvum, a teaspoon.

cochlear (kok'-le-ar) [k6x><os, a conch-shell]. Per-
taining or belonging to the cochlea, c. nerve, the
nerve supplying the cochlea. See nerves, table of.

Cochlearia {kok-le-a'-re-ah). A genus of plants,
containing C. armoracia, horse-radish, and C. offici-
nalis, scurvy-grass.

cochleariform {kok-le-ar'-e-form) [cochlear; forma,
shape]. i. Spoon-shaped. 2. [koxXos, a conch-
shell.] Having the shape of a snail-shell.

cochleare (kok'-le-at) [cochlealus, spiral]. Spirally
coiled, like a snail-shell.

cochleitis (kok-le-i'-lis). See cochlitis.

cochlitis {kok-li'-tis) [cochlea; ms, inflammation]
Inflammation of the cochlea.

cocinin {ko' -sin-in). A peculiar fatty principle,
the chief constituent of cocoanut oil. Syn., cocin;
cocostearin; cocostearyl; cocyl.

Cock's operation [Edward Cock, English surgeon,
1805-1892]. A method of external urethrotomy;
the urethra is opened behind the stricture without a
guide, the knife being carried into the median line of
the perineum and the incision extended vertically as
far as is necessary.

Cock's peculiar tumor. Extensive septic ulcera-
tion of the scalp, resembling an epithelioma and
developed from a neglected sebaceous cyst.

cockeye (kok'-i). Strabismus.

cockroach {kok'-roch). See blatta.

coco {ko'-ko). See coko disease.

cocoa, coco {ko'-ko). See cacao and iheobroma.
c.-butter. See cacao-butter.

coco-olein (ko-ko-o'-le-in) [cacao; oleum, oil]. A
proprietary substitute for cod-liver oil, said to be
derived from cocoa-nut oil.

coctolabile (kok-to-la'-bil) [coctus, boiled; labilis
unstable]. Not able to withstand the temperature
of boiling water without change.

coctoprecipitin {kok-to-pre-sip' -it-in) [coctus, cooked;
precipitin]. A precipitin produced from a serum
which has been boiled.

coctostabile (kok-to-sta'-bil) [coctus, boiled; stabilis,
stable]. Able to withstand the temperature of boil-
ing water without change.

cod (kod) [ME.]. The Gadus morrhua, a fish
furnishing cod-liver oil. c.-liver oil, an oil derived
from the liver of the Gadus morrhua, and ranging in
color, according to the method of its preparation,
from pale straw to dark brown; its specific gravity
is 0.923 to 0.924 or even 0.930 at 150 C. See morrhua.

codamine {ko' -dam-en) [icwdeia, poppy-head;
amine], _ C20H25NO4. A crystalline alkaloid of
opium, isomeric with laudanine. When ferric chloride
is added to it, it assumes a deep-green color.

codeia {ko-de'-ah). See codeine.

codeine {ko'-de-in) [KuSeia, the poppy-head],
CisHaNOs+HaO, codeina (U. S. P.). -A white,
crystalline alkaloid of opium resembling morphine
in action, but being weaker. It is used in cough and
in diabetes mellitus. Dose §-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.).
Syn., codeia; methylmorphine. c. acetate, C18H21-
NO3 . C2H4O2, use and dose same as codeine, c.
citrate, used as is codeine, c. hydrobromide, C18H21-
NO3 . HBr+2H20, used as is codeine, c. hydro-
chloride, C18H21NO3.HCI+2H2O, use and dose
same as codeine, c. hydroiodide, C18H21NO3 . HI
+H2O, use and dose same as codeine, c. nitrate,
C18H21NO3 . HNO3, use and dose same as codeine.
c. phosphate {codeina, phosphas, U. S. P.), soluble in
water. It is similar to morphine in action, but less
toxic. Dose hypodermatically, \ gr. (0.032 Gm.).
c. salicylate, a white powder, soluble in water, used
in rheumatism, c. sulphate {codeina. sulphas, U.
S. P.), the sulphate of the alkaloid. Dose |-£ gr.
(0.01-0.016 Gm.). c. valerate, an antispasmodic
and sedative. Dose \ gr. (0.016 Gm.).

codeonal {ko'-de-on-al). Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing codeine and veronal; it is used as a
hypnotic.

codex {ko'-deks) [L.; pi., codices]. A pharma-
copoeia or book of formula?; specifically, the French
pharmacopoeia, c. medicamentarius, the French
pharmacopoeia.

codol {ko'-doT). See retinol.

codrenin {kod-ren'-in). Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing cocaine hydrochloride and adrenalin
hydrochloride; used as a local anesthetic and hemo-
static.

coefficient {ko-ef-ish'-ent) [con, together; efficere,
to produce]. A figure indicating the degree of
physical or chemical alteration characteristic of a
given substance under stated conditions, c,
Baumann's. See under Baumann. c, biological,
the energy consumed by the body at rest, c,
Bouchard's. See under Bouchard, c, Haeser's.
See Christison's formula, c, isotonic, the lowest
degree of concentration of a solution of a salt in
which laking of blood does not occur, c. jelly, a
preparation of agar used in Ross's in vitro method.
c. of diffusion, the index of diffusion {q. v.) plus the
time and temperature required to stain the nucleus.
See in vitro, c. of solubility of a gas, the amount of
a gas which is dissolved at a given temperature in
1 c.c. of a liquid, when the pressure of gas on the
liquid is 760 mm. Hg. c, Trapp's. See Trapp's
formula, c, urotoxic, the number of urotoxic units
per kilogram of body weight excreted in twenty four
hours, c, Yvon's. See under Yvon.

ccelarium. See celarium.

coelectron {ko-e-lek'-tron) [con, together; electron].
The matrix which, associated with the electron, forms
the atom of ponderable matter. Syn., atomic core.

ccelenteron {se-len'-ter-on) [mhXos, hollow; ivrepov,
intestine]. Same as archenteron.

ccelia {se'-le-ah). See celia.

c celiac {se'-le-ak). See celiac.

cceliadelphus {se-le-ad-eV -fus) . See celiadelphus.

coeliagra {se-le-a'-grah). See celiagra.

ccelialgia {se-le-aV -je-aK) . See celialgia.

cceliocyesis {se-le-o-si-e'-sis). See celiocyesis.

cceliolymph (se'-le-o-limf). See celiolymph.

cceliomyalgia {se-le-o-mi-al'-je-ah). See celiomyal-
gia.

ccelioncus {se-le-ong'-kus). See celioncus.

coelioplegia {se-le-o-ple'-je-ah) [xotXta, the belly;
XX17717, a stroke]. A synonym of Asiatic cholera.

cceliorrhcea {se-le-or-e'-ah). See celiorrhea.

ccelioschisis {se-le-os'-kis-is). See celioschisis.

ccelioscope {se'-le-o-skop). See celioscope.

cceliotomy {se-le-of -o-me) . See celiotomy.

ccelitis {se-li'-tis). See celitis.

ccelom, cceloma {se'-lom, se-lo'-mah). See celom.

coelongate {ko-e-lon'-gdt) [con, together; elongatus,
elongated]. Of equal length.

ccelophlebitis {se-lo-fle-bi'-tis). See celophlebitis.

ccelophthalrnia {se-loff-thaV -me-ah) . See celophthaU
mia.

coelosis {se-lo'-sis). See celosis.

ccelosoma {se-lo-so'-mah). See celosoma.

coelostomia {se-lo-sto' -me-ah). See celostomia.

ccenesthesis {sen-es-the'-sis). See cenesthesis.

ccenobium {se-no'-be-um) [koivos, common; /St'os,
life]. In biology, a composite zoophyte or any colony
of independent cells held together by a common
investment.

ccenoblast {se' -no-blast) [koivos, common; ffhao-Tos,
a germ]. In biology the primitive germinal layer,
giving rise to the endoderm and mesoderm.

ccenotype {se' -no-tip) [koivos, common; tvvos,
type]. The fundamental type-form of a group.

ccenurus {se-nur'-us) [koivos, common; ovpa, tail].
The larva of Tania ccenurus, producing the disease
of sheep called staggers, c. cerebralis, a hydatid
found mainly in the brain and spinal canal of the
ox and sheep (mostly in young animals). Occasion-
ally it has been discovered in the muscles of man.
It is known to be the larva of the tape-worm, Tama
canurus.

co-enzyme {ko-en'-zim). A substance whose
presence is essential for the due activity of a certain
enzyme.

coercible {ko-ers'-ib-il) [coercere, to curb]. Ap-
plied to gases which are capable of being liquefied.

coercive {ko-ers'-iv). Capable of being rendered
magnetic and continuing so.

coferment {ko-fur'-ment). Same as co-enzyme.

coffea {kof'-e-ah). The coffee tree. C. arabica,
the common coffee plant, is the original source, of
most of the coffee cultivation.

coffee {kof'-e). See coffea. c.-ground" vomit, the
material ejected by emesis in gastric carcinoma and
other conditions that give rise to a slow hemorrhage
into the stomach. It consists of blood changed by
the action of the gastric juice, and mixed with other
contents of the stomach.

coffeinism {kof'-e-in-izm). Excessive habitual use
of coffee, or the state of ill-health that results from it.

coffeol {kof'-e-ol). See caffeol.

COFFEON

236

COLD

coffeon (kof'-e-on). A product obtained by-
condensing the material volatilized when coffee is
roasted. The pleasant flavor of coffee is due to it.

coffer dam. See rubber dam.

coffeurin (kof-e-u'-rin) [caffea, coffee; ovpov, urine].
A principle said to sometimes be present in urine
after the free use of coffee as a beverage or medicine.
The urine then has the odor of coffee, and its color
is red, brownish, or deep-brown.

coffin {kof'-in) [/c60woj, a basket]. i. A case
intended to hold the dead body. 2. In farriery,
the hollow portion of a horse's hoof, c.-birth, post-
mortem expulsion of the fetus, c.-bone, the last
or distal phalanx of a horse's foot.

coffinism (kof'-in-izm) [after Dr. Coffin, who
advocated it]. A variety of quackery or professed
system of medical practice. It resembles so-called
Thomsonianism.

cognac (kon-yak) [a district in France]. French
brandy distilled from wines produced in the district
of Cognac.

cognominal (kog-nom'-in-al) [cognomen, a surname].
A word formed from an individual's surname; e. g.,
mackintosh, ampere.

cog-wheel breathing, c. respiration. A type of
breathing characterized by a jerky, wavy inspiration.

cohabitation {ko-hab-it-a' -shun) [con, together;
habitare, to dwell]. 1. The living together of a
man and woman, with or without legal marriage.
2. Sexual connection.

Cohen's test for albumin. To the acid solution
of albumin add a solution of potassium bismuthic
iodide and potassium iodide. The albumin is precipi-
tated.

cohesion (ko-he'-zhun) [cohcerere, to stick together].
The force whereby molecules of matter adhere to
one another; the attraction of aggregation.

Cohn's stomata. Minute gaps in the interalveolar
walls of the normal lung.

Cohnheim's areas, C.'s fields (kon'-hlm) [Julius
Friedrich Cohnheim, German pathologist, 1839-
1884]. Small polygonal fields visible in transverse
section of muscle fibers. C.'s frog. See salt-frog.
C.'s terminal arteries. 1. Terminal arteries without
anastomoses. 2. The short arteries supplying the
basal ganglia of the cerebrum. C.'s theory, a theory
that all true tumors are due to faulty embryona
development. The embryonal cells do not undergo
the normal changes, are displaced, or are super-
fluous. When the favorable conditions are presented
later in life, they take on growth, with the formation
of tumors of various kinds. See cancer, Cohnheim's
theory of. C.'s tumor-germs, small aberrant or
heterotopic masses of embryonic tissue from which
new growths may originate.

cohobation (ko-ho-ba'-shun) [cohobare, to redistil].
1. Redistillation. 2. Recurrence of disease.

cohosh {ko'-hosh) [Am. Ind.]. A name given to
several medicinal plants, c, black. See cimicifuga.
c., red. See Actoea rubra, c, white. See Actcea alba.

coil (koil) [colligere, to gather together]. A spiral
formed by winding, c.-gland. See sweat-gland.
c, induction-, rolls of wire used to produce an
electric current by induction, c, Leiter's. See
Leiter's tubes, c, primary, the inner coil of an
induction apparatus, c, resistance-, a coil of wire
of known electric resistance, used for estimating re-
sistance, c, secondary, the outer coil of an induc-
tion apparatus.

coin-catcher (koin'-katch-er). An instrument for
seizing and removing a coin or other foreign body
lodged in the esophagus.

coindication (ko-in-de-ka'-shun) [con, with; indi-
care, to indicate]. A concurrent indication; a col-
lateral and confirmatory indication. Cf. contra-
indication.

coinosite {ko-in'-o-sit) [kolvos, common; aireiv, to
feed]. An animal parasite capable of separating
itself from its host at will; a free commensal organism.

coin-sign, coin-test (koin'-sln, koin'-test). See
bell-sound.

coition (ko-ish'-un). Same as coitus.

coitophobia (ko-it-o-fo'-be-ah) [coitus; <t>6pos, fear].
Morbid dread of coitus from disgust or dyspareunia.

coitus (ko'-it-us) [coire, to come together] ._ The
act of sexual connection. Copulation, c. disease,
the venereal disease of the horse. c. interruptus.
See c. reservatus. c. reservatus, congressus inter-
ruptus; incomplete sexual intercourse; the incomplete
performance of the sexual act; onanism.

coko disease (ko'-ko). A name applied in the
Fiji Islands to a disease resembling frambesia.

colalgia (ko-lal'-je-ah) [colon; &\yos, pain]. Pain
in the great intestine.

cola-nut (ko'-lah-nut). See kola-nut.

colasaya (ko-las-a'-ah). Trade name of a prepara-
tion of calisaya bark, cola, iron, and phosphates.

eolation (ko-la'-shun) [colore, to strain]. The
operation of straining.

colatorium (kol-at-o'-re-um) [L.]. A sieve, colan-
der, or strainer; used in pharmacy.

colature (Jko'-lat-yur) [colatura, straining]. 1. In
pharmacy, a liquid that has been subjected to
eolation. 2. See eolation.

colauxe (kol-awks'-e) [k6\ov, colon; atf£ij, increase].
Distention of the colon.

colchicein Qtol-chis-e'-in) [colchicum], C17H21NO5
+2H2O. A crystalline decomposition-product of
colchicine. It is used subcutaneously in treatment
of gout. Dose -io—h gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.).

colchicine (kol'-chis-en) [colchicum], C22H25NO6,
colchicina (U. S. P.). An alkaloid of colchicum;
it is a pale, brownish-yellow, exceedingly bitter
powder, freely soluble in water. It is a very active
poison. Its dose is ^o gr« (0.0032 Gm.) hypoder-
matically. c. salicylate. See colchisal.

colchicum (kol'-chik-um) [koXxikov, colchicum].
Meadow-saffron. The corm and seed of C. autum-
nale, the properties of which are due to an alkaloid,
colchicine. It is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic,
and drastic cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout
and in some forms of rheumatism. Dose of the
powdered corm {colchici cormus, U. S. P.) 2-8 gr.
(0.13-0.52 Gm.); of the powdered seeds {colchici
semen, U. S. P.) 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). c. corm,
extract of (extr actum colchici cormi, U. S. P.). Dose
1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). c, extract of, acetic (extractum
aceticum colchici, B. P.). Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13
Gm.). c. seed, fluidextract of {fiuidextt -actum colchici
seminis, U. S. P.). Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). c. seed,
tincture of (tinctura colchici seminis, U. S. P.), 10 %
strength. Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). c. seed,
wine of (vinum colchici seminis, U. S. P.), 10 % in
strength. Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc).

colchifior (koV-chi-flor). A remedy for gout
prepared from a tincture made from the fresh flowers
of Colchicum autumnale and powdered kola. It is
said to be free from the drastic properties contained
in preparations from the bulb and seeds of col-
chicum.

colchisal (kol'-chis-al). Colchicine salicylate. A
yellow, amorphous powder, soluble in alcohol,
ether, and water. It is used in gout and arthritis.
Dose Thn gr- (0.00065 Gm.).

colcothar \kol' -ko-thar) . A crude sequioxide of
iron; red oxide of iron; a tonic and hemostatic.

cold (kold) [AS., ceald]. 1. The comparative
want of heat. 2. A term used popularly for coryza
and catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract.
Cold is employed largely in various forms as a thera-
peutic agent, mainly for the purpose of lowering
temperature and allaying irritation and inflammation.
It may be used in the form of affusion, that is, the
sudden application of a considerable volume of cold
water to the body. Cold may be used as an anes-
thetic in baths (see bath) ; in the form of compresses
applied over the affected part; in the form of irri-
gation, especially in the treatment of bruised and
injured members; as a lotion, for the purpose of
relieving local heat, pain, and swelling; as an injec-
tion, in the form of ice-water, into the vagina or
rectum, for various conditions; and as the cold pack,
which is a valuable means of reducing the body-
temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. Cold may be
applied in the dry form by means of the ice-cap or
bladder, an india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow,
or a freezing mixture, c. abscess. See abscess,
cold. c. bath. See bath, cold, c.-blooded. See
poikilothermic. c. coil. See Leiter's coils. c-
cream (unguentum aqua rosce, U. S. P.), spermaceti,
125 Gm.; white wax, 120 Gm.; expressed oil of
almond, 560 Gm.; stronger rose-water, 190 Gm. in
which finely powdered sodium borate 5 Gm. has
been dissolved. When used as a vehicle for metallic
salts the sodium borate should be omitted. Used
for chapping of face and hands, abrasions, etc. c. on
the chest, bronchial catarrh, q. v. c. pack. See
pack, cold, c, rose-, hay-fever, c.-sore, herpes
labialis. c. spots. See temperature sense, c, St.
Kilda's, c, strangers', in the Hebrides, a form of

COLECTOMY

237

COLLES' FASCIA

influenza ascribed by the natives to the arrival of a
ship and the presence of outsiders, c. stroke, a
condition, the analogue of heat-stroke, in which
from excessive cold the patient is suddenly overcome
and falls into a comatose state, shortly followed, as
a rule, by death, c. test, a test applied chiefly to
lubricating oils to determine the point at which the
oil begins to congeal, and ceases to flow.

colectomy (ko-lek'-to-me) [colon; kKToy.r\, cutting
out]. Excision of a portion of the colon.

coleitis (kol-e-i'-tis) [koXcos, sheath; ins, inflam-
mation]. Vaginitis.

Coleman-Shaffer fever diet {kol'-man shaf'-er)
[Warren Coleman, American physician, 1869- ;
P. A. Shaffer, American physician]. Primarily ar-
ranged for typhoid, but probably suitable for other
fevers. The principle is to supply the patient with
sufficient food to maintain nutrition balance. It
consists of large amounts of carbohydrate and fat,
and relatively little protien. The proportions and
total amount are regulated according to the digestive
capacity of the patient.

coleocele (kol'-e-o-sel) [koXcos, sheath; kt/Xij,
tumor]. Vaginal tumor or hernia.

coleocystitis (kol-e-o-sis-ti'-tis) [koXcos, sheath;
cystitis]. Inflammation of vagina and bladder.

coleoptosis (kol-e-op-to'-sis) [/coXeos, sheath; -irrCiais,
a fall]. Prolapse of the vaginal wall.

coleorrhexis (kol-e-or-eks'-is) [jcoXeos, a sheath;
pfj^Ls, a rupture]. Rupture of the vagina.

coleostegnosis (kol-e-o-steg-no'-sis) [ko\(6s, a
sheath; arkivuxris, a constriction]. Contraction or
atresia of the vagina.

coleotomy {kol-e-ot'-o-me) [koXcos, a sheath; to/m),
a cutting]. A cutting operation upon the vagina;
colpotomy.

Coley's fluid, C.'s mixture [William Bradley
Coley, American surgeon, 1862- ]. A combina-
tion of the toxins of Streptococcus erysipelatis and
Bacillus prodigiosus; it has been used as a remedy
for cancer in the early stage.

colibacillary (ko-li-bas'-il-a-re). Pertaining to or
produced by the Bacillus coli communis.

colibacillosis (ko-H-bas-il-o'-sis). The morbid
condition due to infection with Bacillus coli.

colibacilluria (ko-li-bas-il-u'-re-ah). Presence of
the Bacillus coli communis in the urine.

colic (kol'-ik) [colon]. 1. Pertaining to the colon.
2. A severe griping pain in the bowels, due to spasm
of the intestinal walls; also any severe spasmodic
pain in the abdomen, c, appendicular. Same as
c, vermicular (1). c, biliary, that due to the passage
of a gall-stone through the gall-ducts, c, crapulent,
c, crapulous, that due to excess in eating and drink-
ing, c, cystic, colicky pain in the urinary bladder.
c, Devonshire. Synonym of c, lead-, c, hemor-
rhoidal, intense pain near the anus and sacrum
preceding a discharge from the hemorrhoidal vessels.
c, hepatic, biliary colic, c, herniary, the pain
attending hernia, c, inflammatory, the intense
pain attending colitis, c, lead-, c, saturnine,
intestinal colic due to lead-poisoning. It is charac-
terized by excruciating abdominal pain, a hard and
retracted condition of the abdomen, slow pulse, and
increased arterial tension. Syn., colica pictonum;
painter's colic, c, menstrual, the pain of menstrua-
tion, c, metastatic, that due to metastasis of gout
or to suppression of the menses or the hemorrhoidal
flow, c, ovarian, ovaralgia. c, renal, that due to the
presence of a calculus in the ureter, c, saburral, that
resulting from over-eating, c, uterine, colicky pains
experienced at the menstrual epochs, often coming on
in paroxysms, c, vermicular. 1. Pain in the vermi-
form appendix, due to catarrhal inflammation resulting
from stoppage of its outlet. 2. That due to intestinal
worms. Syn., verminous colic; worm colic.

colica (kol'-ik-ah) [L.|. 1. Colic artery, see
arteries, table of. 2. Colic, c. aeruginis, copper
colic, c. damnoniensis, c. damnoniorum, c. figu-
lorum, c. hispaniensis, lead colic, c. intertropica,
lead colic, formerly supposed to be an endemic
disease of the tropics, c. japonica. See colic,
crapulent, c. mucosa. Synonym of mucous colitis.
c. pictonum (literally, colic of the people of Poitou),
lead-colic, painters' colic. See colic, lead. c.
pituitosa. Synonym of enteritis, pseudomembranous ;
see colitis, mucous, c. pulsatilis. See colic, inflam-
matory, c. rhachialgia, lead colic, c. scortorum,
a pain in the pelvis of youthful prostitutes, sympto-
matic of the ovarian disease that results from their

unnatural sexual relations. It is due probably to a
pyosalpinx.

colicodynia (kol-ik-o-din'-e-ah). Pain in the large
intestine.

colicolitis (ko-le-kol-i'-tis). See dysentery.

colicoplegia (kol-ik-o-ple'-je-ah) [koXikos, pertaining
to the colon; irh-rnr), a stroke]. Paralysis of the
intestines. Also a synonym of lead-colic.

colicystitis (ko-le-sist-i'-tis) [colon; kihttis, bladder;
ins, inflammation]. Cystitis dependent upon the
pathogenic activity of the colon bacillus.

colicystopyelitis (ko-le-sist-o-pi-e-li'-tis) . Combined
cystitis and pyelitis due to Bacillus coli communis.

coliform (kol'-e-form) [colum, a sieve; forma, form].

1. Sieve-like; ethmoid; cribriform. 2. Denoting or
pertaining to those microorganisms which resemble
the Bacillus coli communis.

coli-group. A group of pathogenic bacilli including
the Bacillus coli communis, the typhoid, paratyphoid
and paracolon bacilli, and some others.

coli-infection. Infection with the Bacillus coli
communis.

colilysin (ko-lil'-is-in). A hemolysin formed by
Bacillus coli communis.

colipuncture (ko-le-punk'-chur). See colocentesis.

colitis (ko-li'-tis) [colon; i-m, inflammation].- In-
flammation of the colon, c, croupous, c, desquama-
tive, c, diphtheritic, c, follicular, c, membranous,
c, mucomembranous, c, plastic. See c, mucous.
c, idiopathic ulcerative, a specific affection due to
microorganisms, beginning in and throughout its
course, invariably limited to the colon, c, mucous,
a clinical combination of symptoms characterized
by periodic abdominal pains associated generally
with abnormalities of the secretory and absorptive
functions, and with the discharge of peculiarly formed
mucous masses, sometimes resembling exact casts
of the intestine. Syn., chronic exudative enteritis;
chronic mucocolitis; diarrhcea lubularis; fibrinous
diarrhea; follicular-colonic dyspepsia; follicular duo-
denal dyspepsia; intestinal croup; pellicular enteritis;
pseudomembranous enteritis, c, ulcerative. Syn-
onym of dysentery.

collacin, collastin (kol'-as-in, -tin). A substance
found by Unna, in colloid degeneration of the skin.

collaetina (kol-e'-tin-ah). A proprietary adhesive
plaster said to consist of lanolin and caoutchouc.

collaform (kol'-a-form). A formaldehyde-gelatin
preparation intended as a vulnerary.

collagen (koV-aj-en) [/coXXa, glue; yewav, to pro-
duce]. A substance existing in various tissues of
the body, especially bone and cartilage; it is con-
verted into gelatin by boiling.

collagenic (kol-a-jen'-ik). . Forming or producing
collagen or gelatin.

collagenous (kol-aj'-en-us) [collagen]. Containing
or resembling collagen or gelatin.

collapse {kol-aps') [collabi, to fall together]. 1. Ex-
treme depression and prostration from failure of the
circulation, as in cholera, shock, hemorrhage, etc.

2. An abnormal sinking or retraction of the walls of
an organ, c. of lung, return of a portion or the
whole of a lung to its fetal or airless condition from
some mechanical hindrance to the entrance of air. It
is characterized by dyspnea, with more or less cya-
nosis, and is mainly encountered in bronchopneu-
monia.

collapsing {kol-aps' -ing) [collapse]. Suddenly
breaking down. c. pulse. See Corrigan's pulse.

collar-bone (kol'-er-bon). The clavicle.

collar-crown (kol'-er-krown). A collar-like device
to hold an artificial tooth to a natural root.

collargol, collargolum (kol-lar'-gol, -urn). Colloidal
silver; argentum Crede. A nonirritating antiseptic.

collateral (kol-at'-er-al) [con, together; lateralis,
of the side]. 1. Accessory or secondary; not direct
or immediate. 2. One of the first branches of an
axis-cylinder of a nerve-cell passing at a right angle.

collecting tubes of the kidney. A name given
to the ducts discharging into the calices of the kidneys.

collemia, collaemia (kol-e'-me-ah) [koXXu, glue;
alfia, blood]. Haig's term for a condition of capillary
obstruction which he attributes to a clogging of the
capillaries by urates or colloid deposits.

collenchyma {kol-en'-kim-ah). The tissue of the
primary cortex in plants, just beneath the epidermis.

Colles' fascia (kol'-ez) [Abraham Colles, Irish
surgeon, 1773-1843]- The deep layer of the perineal
fascia. It is attached to the base of the triangular
ligament, to the anterior lips of the rami of the

COLLES-BEAUMES' LAW

238

COLOCOLOSTOMY

pubes and ischia laterally, and anteriorly it is con-
tinuous with the dartos of the scrotum. C.'s frac-
ture, transverse fracture of the lower extremity of
the radius, with displacement of the hand backward
and outward. C.'s law, the child of a syphilitic
father will render its mother immune against syphilis.
In Colles' original words: "A new-born child affected
with congenital syphilis, even ;al though it may have
symptoms in the mouth, never causes ulceration of
the breast which it sucks, if it be the mother who
suckles it, though continuing capable of infecting a
strange nurse." C.'s ligament, the fibers which
pass from the outer portion of Poupart's ligament
behind the internal pillar of the abdominal ring and
are inserted into the linea alba, where they interlace
with those of the opposite side. C.'s space, the
space beneath the perineal fascia containing the
ischiocavernosus, transversus perinei, and bulbo-
cavernosus muscles, the bulbous portion of the
urethra, the posterior scrotal (labial) vessels and
nerves, and loose areolar tissue.

Colles-Beaumes' law (kol'-ez-bo'-ma) [see Colles;
Beaumes]. See Colles1 law.

colliculectomy (kol-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [colliculus; Ikto-
fir], excision]. Removal of the verumontanum.

colliculitis (kol-lik-tl-li'-tis) [colliculus, mound, ms,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the colliculus
seminalis.

colliculus (kol-ik'-u-lus) [dim. of collis, hill: pi., collic-
uli]. i. A small eminence. 2. Any eminence of the
cerebral parietes. 3. The verumontanum. c. bulbi,
c. bulbi intermedius, the layer of erectile tissue sur-
rounding the male urethrabn its entrance into the bulb.
c. cervicalis, a fold of mucosa extending dorsad from
the apex of the trigonum vesica?, c. facialis, the
eminentia facialis; see under eminence, c. glandis,
two eminences on the inferior surface of the corona
of the glans penis, between which the frenum is
attached, c. inferior, any one of the posterior
quadrigeminal bodies; see postgeminum. colliculi
nervi ethmoidalis, the striatum, colliculi nervorum
opticorum, the thalamus, c. papillaris, the tuber-
culum or processus papillaris of the liver, colliculi
posteriores. See postgeniculum. c. rotundus. See
terete eminence, c. rotundus anterior, the anterior
division of the terete eminence, c. rotundus pos-
terior, the posterior division of the terete eminence.
c. seminalis. See verumontanum. c. superior, any
one of the anterior quadrigeminal bodies; see pre-
geminum. c. urethralis, the verumontanum.

collidine (kol'-id-in) [koWo., glue], CsHnN. A
ptomaine obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed
to putrefy together in water, c. aldehyde. See
aldehyde, collidine.

collier's lung (kol'-yerz). Synonym of anthracosis.

Collier's ponto-spinal tract (kol'-yerz). The de-
scending part of the medial longitudinal bundle, found
in the tegmentum.

colliform (kol'-if-orm). A proprietary preparation
containing formaldehyde and gelatin; used as a dress-
ing for wounds.

colligamen (kol-li-ga'-men) [colligare, to bind].
I. A ligament. 2. A name given to a variety of
bandages prepared with glycerol and a glycerol-zinc
paste.

collilongus (kol-e-long'-gus) [collum, neck; longus,
long]. The muscle called longus colli. See muscles.

collimator (kol'-im-a-tor) [collineare, to aim at].
The receiving telescope of a spectroscope.

collin (kol'-in) [/<6XXa, glue]. Gelatin in soluble
form.

collinic (kol-in'-ik). Relating to or obtained from
gelatin.

Collinsonia (kol-in-so'-ne-ah) [Peter Collinson,
English botanist, 1694-1768]. A genus of labiate
herbs. C. canadensis, stoneroot, healall, is a coarse
plant with a disagreeable smell; it has tonic, diuretic,
and diaphoretic properties. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4
Cc.) in decoction; of the fiuidextract 10 min.-i dr.
(0.65-4.0 Cc); of the tincture (1 : 10) \-2 dr. (2-8
Cc).

collinsonin (kol-in-so'-nin) [Collinsonia], A pre-
cipitate from the tincture of the root of Collinsonia
canadensis. It is tonic, diaphoretic, resolvent, and
diuretic. Dose 2 to 4 grains.

colliquation (kol-ik-wa'-shun) [con, together; liquare,
to melt]. The liquefaction or breaking down of a
tissue or organ.

colliquative (kol-ik' -wa-tiv) [colliquation]. Profuse
or excessive; marked by excessive fluid discharges.

c. diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea, c. necrosis.
See necrosis, liquef active, c. sweat, a profuse clammy
sweat.

colliquef action (kol-ik-we-fak'-shun) [colliquation].
A melting or fusing together.

collocated (kol'-o-ka-ted) [collocare, to place].
Corresponding with in respect to location; applied
especially to parts of the brain that are adjacent,
one ectal and the other ental; e. g., the calcarine
fissure and the calcar.

collocystis (kol-o-sis'-tis) [noKka, glue; kvittls,
cyst]. A gelatin capsule to facilitate the swallowing
of a drug.

collodion (kol-o'-de-on) [koXX&Sjjs, glue-like]. Col-
lodium (U. S. P.). A dressing for wounds made by
dissolving guncotton in ether and alcohol; it is used as
a substitute for adhesive plaster. See pyroxylin, c,
acetone, one prepared from guncotton, 5 parts; ether,
10 parts; alcohol, 10 parts; acetone, 20 parts; castor-
oil, 6 parts. It is more elastic than ordinary flexible
collodion, c, blistering. Same as c, cantharidal.
c, cantharidal (collodium cantharidatum, U. S. P.),
a blistering solution of collodion and cantharides.
c, flexible (collodium flexile, U. S. P.), collodion with
the addition of castor-oil and Canada balsam, c,
iodized, flexible collodion with the addition of 5 %
of iodine. ■ It is used in chilblains, c, iodoform,
flexible collodion with 5 % of iodoform, c, styptic
(collodium stypticum, U. S. P.), a mixture of collodion
with tannic acid, ether, and alcohol.

collodium (kol-o'-de-um). See collodion.

colloid (kol'-oid) [/coXXa, glue; elSos, likeness].

1. A nondialyzable organic substance. See dialysis.

2. A substance formed by colloid degeneration of
epithelium. See degeneration, colloid. 3. Having
the nature of glue. 4. In chemistry, amorphous and
noncrystalline, c. cancer. See cancer, colloid.
c. cyst, a cyst with jelly-like contents, c. degenera-
tion. See degeneration, colloid.

colloidal (kol-oid'-al). See colloid (3 and 4).

colloidin (kol-oid'-in) [colloid], C9H15NO6. A jelly-
like substance obtained from colloid tissue.

colloidogen (kol-oid'-o-jen). A hypothetical sub-
stance which is presumed to be concerned in holding
the mineral matter of the body in a colloid state.

colloma (kol-o'-mah) [/coXXa, glue; 6/jta, a tumor].

1. A cystic tumor containing a gelatiniform substance.

2. A colloid cancer which has undergone degenerative
changes.

collonema (kol-o-ne'-mah) [koXXo, glue; vrjua, tissue:
pi., collonemata]. Myxoma, or myxosarcoma.

collopexia (kol-o-pek'-se-ah) [collum, neck; iryfa,
fixing]. The surgical fixation of the neck of the
uterus; trachelopexia.

collosin (kol'-o-sin) [koWcl, glue]. A skin-varnish
made by the addition of camphor to acetone col-
lodion.

colloxylin (kol-oks'-il-in). See pyroxylin.

collum (kol'-um) [L.]. The neck; especially the
anterior part of the neck. c. anatomicum, the
anatomical neck of the humerus, c. chirurgicum,
the surgical neck of the humerus, c. distortum.
Synonym of torticollis, c. femoris, the neck of the
femur, c. pedis, the instep.

collunarium (kol-lii-na'-re-um) [L.]. A nasal douche.

collutorium, collutory (kol-u-to'-re-um, kol'-u-to-re)
[colluere, to rinse]. A mouth-wash; a gargle.

collyrium (kol-ir'-e-um) [koKKvpiov, an eye-salve].
1. A lotion for the eyes. 2. Formerly, a suppository.

coloboma (kol-o-bo'-mah) [ko\o(}ovi>, to mutilate].
A congenital fissure of the iris, choroid, or eyelids.
c, bridge, a variety in which the pupil is separated
from the coloboma by a narrow thread of iris tissue
that stretches like a bridge from one pillar of the
coloboma to the other, c, Fuchs', a small crescentic
defect of the choroid at the lower border of the optic
disc. c. palpebral, c. palpebrarum, a form of partial
ablepharia consisting in a fissure of the eyelid — most
frequently the upper lid. Syn., blepharocoloboma.

colocentesis (ko-lo-sen-te'-sis) [colon; Kevrrjats,
puncture]. Surgical puncture of the colon.

colocholecystostomy (ko-lo-kol-e-sis-tos'-to-me) . See
cholecystocolotomy.

colocleisis (ko-lo-kli'-sis) [colon; KXelais, closure].
Occlusion of the colon.

coloclyster (ko-lo-klis'-ter) [colon; clyster]. An
enema in the colon.

colocolostomy (ko-lo-kol-os'-to-me). The operation
of forming a connection between two portions of the
colon.

COLOCYNTH

239

COLPOCYSTITIS

colocynth (kol'-o-sinth). Same as colocynthis.

colocynthein {kol-o-sin'-the-in) [koXokwBIs, colo-
cynth], C44H64O13. A resinous decomposition-product
of colocynthin.

colocynthidism (kol-o-sinth'-id-izm) [colocynthis].
Poisoning from undue use of colocynth. A condition
marked by violent inflammation of the digestive
tract, watery and bloody stools, bilious vomiting,
cramps in the calves of the legs, and collapse.

colocynthin (kol-o-sin'-thin) [colocynthis]. The
bitter principle of colocynth. See colocynthis.

colocynthis (kol-o-sin'-this) [koXokw0Ls, colocynth;
gen., colocynthidis]. Colocynth. Bitter apple. The
fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, from which the seeds
and rind have been removed. Its properties are due
to a bitter glucoside, colocynthin, C56H84O23, the dose
of which is n\-\ gr. (0.003-0.013 Gm.). It is a tome
and astringent purgative, and is used mainly as an
ingredient of compound cathartic pills, colocyn-
thidis,. extractum (U. S. P.), alcoholic. Dose \-2 gr.
(0.032-0.13 Gm.). colocynthidis, extractum, com-
positum (U. S. P.), contains colocynth extract, 16;
aloes, 50; cardamom, 6; resin of scammony, 14; soap,
14; alcohol, 10 parts. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.).
colocynthidis, pilula, composita (B. P.), contains
colocynth, aloes, scammony, potassium sulphate, and
oil of cloves. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).
colocynthidis, pilulae, et hyoscyami (B. P.), pills of
colocynth and henbane. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65
Gm.).

coloenteritis (ko-lo-en-ter-i'-tis) [colon; enteritis].
Inflammation of the small and large intestine. See
enterocolitis.

colohepatopexy (ko-lo-hep-a-to-pek'-se) [colon; f/irap,
liver; vij^is, fixation]. Fixation of the colon to
the liver to form adhesions, after operations on the
gall-bladder.

colomba, Colombo {kol-om'-bah, kol-om'-bo). See
calumba.

colon (ko'-lon) [kSXop, the colon]. The part of
the large intestine beginning at the cecum and
terminating at the end of the sigmoid flexure. In
the various parts of its course it is known as the
ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending
colon, and the sigmoid flexure; this latter is some-
times divided into the iliac colon, and pelvic colon.

colonalgia (ko-lon-al'-je-ah) [colon; oiXyos, pain].
Pain in the colon; colic.

colonic (ko-lon'-ik) [colon]. Pertaining to the
colon.

colonitis {ko-lon-i'-tis). See colitis.

colonometer (kol-on-om'-et-er) [colony; p.krpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for estimating the number
of colonies of bacteria on a culture-plate.

colonopexy (ko-lon'-o-pek-se) . Same as colopexy.

colonoscope {ko-lon'-o-skop) [colon; o-Kovelv, to
view]. An instrument for examining the colon.

colonoscopy (ko-lon-os'-ko-pe). Examination by
means of a colonoscope.

colony (kol'-o-ne) [colonia, colony]. A collection
or assemblage, as of microorganisms in a culture.

colopexia, colopexy (ko-lo-peks'-e-ah, ko'-lo-pek-se)
[colon; irrj£is, a fixing]. Suturing of the sigmoid
flexure to the abdominal wall.

colopexotomy (ko-lo-peks-ot'-o-me) [colon; irij^is, a
fixing; repvetv, to cut]. Incision into and fixation
of the colon. Colopexy with the formation of an
artificial anus.

colophonium (kol-o-fo'-ne-um). Rosin; used in
differentiating eosinmethylene-blue and other stains.

colophony (JkoV -o-fo-ne) [KoXoQuv, a city of Ionia].
Rosin. The solid residue left on distilling off the
volatile oil from crude turpentine. See rosin.

coloproctia (kol-o-prok'-te-ah) [colon; ttpuktos, anus].
The formation of an artificial colonic anus.

coloptosis (ko-lop-to'-sis) [colon; -ittoxtis, a falling].
Descent or displacement of the colon.

colopuncture (kol-o-punk'-chur). Same as colo-
centesis.

color (kul'-or) [L.]. 1. A visual sensation due to
radiated or reflected light. 2. That quality of an
object perceptible to sight alone. 3. A pigment.
c.-analysis, Ehrlich's method of identifying the
various forms of leukocytes. It depends upon the
distinctive manner in which the protoplasmic
granules react toward the acid, basic, and socalled
neutral solutions of the anilin dyes. Five varieties
of granules are recognized and designated by the
Greek letters, a, 0, y, S, e: (1) a-granules (eosinophil,
oxyphil, or coarse oxyphil granules); (2) ^-granules

(amphophil granules); (3) y-granules (mast-cell or
coarse basophil granules); (4) 8-granules (fine baso-
phil granules); (5) e-granules (neutrophil or fine
oxyphil granules). c.-blindness. See blindness,
color-, c, complementary, any color that added
to another color, or to a mixture of colors, produces
white. c.-gustation. See pseudogeusesthesia. c-
hearing, the excitation of the visual center for color
through the auditory nerve, c.-index, the pro-
portionate amount of hemoglobin contained in each
red blood corpuscle. It is normally from .9 to 1.5.
c.-sensation, the perception of color; it depends on
the number of vibrations of the ether.

colorectitis {ko-lo-rek-ti'-tis) [colon; rectum; iris,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the colon and
rectum. Also a synonym of dysentery.

colorectostomy [ko-lo-rek-tos'-to-me) [colon; rectum;
<tt6hcl, a mouth]. The surgical establishment of a
passage between the colon and the rectum.

colorimeter (kol-or-im'-et-er) [color; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the
quantity of coloring-matter in a mixture, as in the
blood.

colorimetric (kol-or-im-et'-rik). Relating to meth-
ods of color-measuring.

colostomy (ko-los'-to-?ne) [colon; o-rbp.a, a mouth].
1. The formation of an artificial anus by an opening
into the colon. 2. Any surgical operation upon the
colon that makes a permanent opening into it,
whether internal or external.

colostration (kol-os-tra'-shun) [colostrum], A dis-
ease or illness of young infants ascribed to the effects
of the colostrum.

colostric (kol-os'-trik) [colostrum]. Relating to
colostrum.

colostrorrhea (ko-los-tro-re'-ah) [colostrum; j!>oLa,
flow]. Profuse discharge of colostrum.

colostrous (kol-os'-trus) [colostrum]. Of the nature
of or containing colostrum.

colostrum (kol-os'-trum) [L.]. The first milk
from the mother's breasts after the birth of the
child. It is laxative, and assists in the expulsion of
the meconium, c. corpuscles, small microscopic
bodies contained in the colostrum. They are the
epithelial cells of the mammary glands, full of oil-
globules. After about the third day these cells burst
and set free the fat-globules before they leave the
gland, and in this way the true milk is formed.

colotomy (ko-lot'-o-me) [colon; re/iveiv, to cut].
Incision of the colon, abdominal, lateral, lumbar,
or iliac, according to the region of entrance.

colotyphoid (ko-lo-ti'-foid). Typhoid accompanied
with follicular ulceration of the colon and lesions in
the small intestine.

colpalgia {kol-pal'-je-ah) [colpo-; aXyos, pain].
Vaginal pain or neuralgia.

colpatresia (kol-pat-re'-se-ah) [colpo-; aTp-qros,
not perforated]. Occlusion or atresia of the vagina.

colpectasia (kol-pek-ta'-zhe-ah) [colpo-; larao-is, a
stretching out]. Vaginal dilatation.

colpedema (kol-ped-e'-mah) [colpo-; oldrjfia, swell-
ing]. Edema of the vagina.

colpemphraxis (kol-pem-fraks'-is) [colpo-; ep.tj>pa%is,
a stoppage]. Obstruction of the vagina.

colpeurynter (kol-pu-rin'-ter) [koXttos, vagina;
evpweiv, to widen]. An inflatable bag or sac used
for dilating the vagina.

colpeurysis (kol-pu'-ris-is) [see colpeurynter].
Dilation of the vagina, especially that effected by
means of the colpeurynter.

colpitis (kol-pi'-tis) [koXttos, vagina; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the vagina.

colpo- (kol-po-) [koXttos, vagina]. A prefix denot-
ing relation to the vagina.

colpocace (kol-pok'-a-se) [colpo-; /ca/c6s, bad].
Gangrene of the vagina.

colpocele (kol'-po-sel) [colpo-; ktjXti, hernia].
Hernia or tumor in the vagina.

colpoceliotomy (kol-po-se-le-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; celio-
tomy]. Incision into the abdomen by the vaginal
route, c, antero-lateral, Diihrssen's name for a
new vaginal operative route into the abdomen. It
consists in a combination of vaginal celiotomy with
complete division of one broad ligament.

colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'-sis) [colpo-; xXelo-is, a
closure]. The surgical closure of the vagina.

colpocystic (kol-po-sis'-tik) [colpo-; 'kvo-tis, bladder].
Relating to the vagina and the bladder; vesico-
vaginal.

colpocystitis {kol-po-sis-ti'-tis) [colpo-; kvvtis.

COLPOCYSTOCELE

240

COLUMNING

bladder; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
vagina and the bladder.

colpocystocele {kol-po-sis'-to-sel) [colpo-; kwttis,
a bladder; »c»jAi7, a tumor]. A hernia of the bladder
into the vagina, with prolapse of the anterior vaginal
wall.

colpocystoplasty ikol-po-sist'-o-plas-te) [colpo-; kv<t-
tw, bladder; irXaira-eLv, to form]. Plastic surgery
of the vagina and bladder.

colpocystosyrinx (kol-po-sis-to-sir'-ingks) [colpo-;
/evens, cyst; avpiyt, pipe]. Vesico-vaginal fistula.

colpocystotomy (kol-po-sis-tot'-o-me) [colpo-; kv<ttis,
bladder; tout), a cut]. Surgical incision of the
bladder through the vaginal wall.

colpocystoureterocystotomy (kol-po-sist-o-u-re-ter-
o-sist-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; kvo-tis, bladder; ureter;
cystotomy]. Exposure of the orifices of the ureter
by incision of the walls of the bladder and vagina.

colpodesmorrhaphy (kol-po-des-mor'-af-e) [colpo-;
5eo-ju6s, a fastening; pa^, a seam]. Suturing of the
vaginal sphincter.

colpohyperplasia (kol-po-hi-per-pla'-ze-ah) [colpo-;
hyperplasia]. Hyperplasia of the vagina, c. cystica,
a form of degeneration of the vaginal mucosa,
occurring during pregnancy, and characterized by the
formation of gas-cysts, due, according to Lindenthal,
to an organism which he calls Bacillus emphysematis
vagina. Syn., colpitis vesiculosa emphysematosa;
emphysema vagina,.

colpohysterectomy (kol-po-his-ier-ek'-to-me) [colpo-;
hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus through the
vagina.

colpohysteropexy {kol-po-his'-ter-o-pek-se) [colpo-;
hysteropexy). Vaginal hysteropexy; supravaginal
amputation of the cervix and anastomosis of the
uterus and the vaginal mucosa. Syn., hysteropexy
vaginalis.

colpohysterorrhaphy {kol-po-his-ter-or' -af-e) [colpo-;
hysterorrhaphy]. An operation for prolapse of the
uterus; colpohysteropexy.

colpohysterotomy (kol-po-his-ter-ot'-o-me) [colpo-;
iia-repa, womb; to/xi7, section]. Surgical incision of
the uterus through the vagina.

colpomyomectomy (kol-po-mi-o-mek'-to-me) [colpo-;
myomectomy]. Myomectomy through the vagina.

colpomyomotomy (kol-po-mi-o-mot'-o-me) [colpo-;
nvs, a muscle; rop.i), a section]. Vaginal myomot-
omy; colpomyomectomy.

colpopathy (kol-pop'-a-the) [colpo-; wados, illness].
Any disease of the vagina.

colpoperineoplasty (kol-po-per-in-e'-o-plas-te) [col-
po-; perineum; ir\a<r<reiv, to form]. Plastic operation
for abnormality of the vagina and perineum.

colpoperineorrhaphy (kol-po-per-in-e-or'-af-e) [col-
po-; perineorrhaphy]. Repair of a perineal laceration
by denuding and in part suturing the posterior wall
of the vagina.

colpopexy (kol'-po-pek-se) [colpo-; iritis, fixation].
Fixation of the vagina; vaginapexy.

colpoplastic (kol-po-plas'-tik) [colpo-; ir\a<Toet.v, to
form]. Relating to colpoplasty.

colpoplasty (kol'-po-plas-te) [colpo-; vXaatreiv, to
form]. Plastic surgical operation upon the vagina.

colpopolypus (kol-po-pol'-ip-us) [colpo-; polypus].
Polypus of the vagina.

colpoptosis (kol-pop-to'-sis) [colpo-; tttwo-is, a falling].
Prolapse of the vaginal walls.

colporrhagia (kol-por-a'-je-ah) [colpo-; prjyvvvat, to
burst forth]. Vaginal hemorrhage.

colporrhaphy (kol-por'-a-fe) [colpo-; pa<j>f), a seam].
Suture of the vagina.

colporrhea (kol-por-e'-ah) [colpo-; pola, a flow].
Vaginal leukorrhea; a mucous discharge from the
vagina.

colporrhexis (kol-por-ek'-sis) [colpo-; prjfrs, rup-
ture]. Laceration or rupture of the vagina.

colposcope (kol'-po-skop) [colpo-; aKowtlv, to view].
An instrument for the visual examination of the va-
gina; a vaginal speculum.

colpospasmus (kol-po-spaz'-mus) [colpo-; <rira<rp.6s,
spasm]. Spasm of the vagina.

colpostegnosis (kol-po-steg-no'-sis) [colpo-; orky-
vuais, closure]. Same as colpostenosis.

colpostenosis (kol-po-sten-o'-sis) [colpo-; arkvoais,
a narrowing]. Constriction of the vagina.

colpostenotomy (kol-po-sten-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; are-
vos, narrow; to/xi?, a cutting]. Surgical division of
colpostenosis.

colposynizesis {kol-po-sin-iz-e'-sis) [colpo-; ovvl-
f -qais, a falling in]. Narrowness of the vagina.

colpotomy (kol-pot'-o-me) [colpo-; tout], a cutting].
Surgical incision of the vagina.

colpoureterocystotomy {kol-po-u-re-ter-o-sis-tot'-o-
me) [colpo-; ureter; cystotomy]. The exposure of the
ureteral openings by cutting through the walls of
the vagina and bladder. Colpocysto-ureterotomy.

colpoureterotomy (kol-po-u-re-ter-ot'-o-me). Inci-
sion of the ureter through the vagina.

colpoxerosis (kol-po-ze-ro'-sis) [colpo-; &p6s, dry].
Morbid dryness of the vagina.

colt-ill (kolt'-il). See strangles.

coltsfoot. The leaves of Tussilago farfara, a
demulcent and tonic, sometimes prescribed in chronic
cough. Dose of a decoction (i oz. to i pint) a teacup-
ful; of fiuidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

columbin (kol-um'-bin). See calumbin under
calumba.

columbium (ko-lum'-be-um). A rare chemical
element, symbol Cb; atomic weight 93.5.

columbo (kol-um'-bo). See calumba.

columella (kol-u-mel'-ah) [L., "a little column"].
1. The modiolus or central axis of the cochlea of the
human ear. See cochlea and modiolus. 2. A bone
in birds which takes the place of the ossicles of the
ear in man. c. fornicis, one of the anterior pillars
of the fornix, c. nasi, the septum of the nose.

column (kol'-um) [columna]. A name given to
several parts of the body that furnish support to
surrounding parts, or that have the shape of pillars.
c, anterior, the layer of white matter in either half
of the spinal cord included between the anterior
horn and nerve-root and the anterior median fissure.
c, anterolateral ascending. See Gowers' c. c,
commissural, one of nerve-substance extending along
the bottom of the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum
and connecting the anterior and posterior superior
lobes, c, crossed pyramidal, c, crossed, of Tuerck,
c, cuneiform. See c, posteroexternal, c, direct
cerebellar, in the spinal cord, is situated outside of
the lateral pyramidal tract, c, direct pyramidal,
c, direct, of Tuerck. See c. of Tuerck. c. of the
external ring, the free border of the aponeurosis of
the external oblique muscle, forming the edges of the
external abdominal ring, c, gray, anterior, the
ventral cornu of the spinal cord, c, gray, posterior,
the dorsal cornu of the spinal cord. c. of the inter-
mediolateral tract, a column of motor cells in the
intermediolateral tract of the spinal cord; it is best
seen in the dorsal region, c, lateral, the layer of
white matter in either half of the spinal cord included
between the posterior horn and nerve-roots and the
anterior horn and nerve-roots, c, posterior, a col-
lection of white matter situated in the spinal cord
on either side between the posterior horns and pos-
terior nerve-roots and the posterior median fissure.
c, posteroexternal, the outer wider division of the
posterior column of the cord; the column of Burdach.
c, posteromedian, the median division of the pos-
terior column of the cord; the column of Goll. c,
posterovesicular. See Clarke's c. c, respiratory.
See fasciculus, solitary, c, vesicular, one of the
nerve-cells in the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord.

columna (kol-um'-nah) [L.; pi., columna]. A
column or pillar, c. adiposa, a fat-column, c.
anterior, anterior horn or column, c. Bertini, that
part of the cortical structure of the kidneys that
separates the sides of any two pyramids, c. carneo-
papillaris anterior, the anterior column of the vagina.
c. carneopapillaris posterior, the posterior column of
the vagina, c. fornicis, anterior pillar or column of
fornix, c. lateralis, lateral horn or column, c. nasi,
the antero-posterior septum between the nostrils.
c. plicarum, the columns of the vagina, c. posterior,
posterior horn or column, c. rugarum, the columns
of the vagina, c. vertebralis, the spinal column.

columnae carneae, the muscular columns projec-
ting from the inner surface of the ventricles of the
heart, c. cinereae, the dorsal and ventral horns of
the spinal cord. c. cordis. See columna carnea.
c. cristarum vaginae, the columns of the vagina.
c. griseae, columns or horns of gray matter, c.
papillares. Same as musculi papillares. c. quintal,
a bundle of nerve-fibers apparently originating in the
upper nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve and decus-
sating along the Sylvian aqueduct, c. recti. See
Morgagni, columns of. c. vaginae, ridges on the
anterior walls of the vagina.

columnella (kol-um-nel'-ah). See columella.

columning (kol'-um-ing) [column]. The placing
of vaginal tampons to support a prolapsed uterus.

COLYTIC

241

COMPENSATING

colytic (ko-lit'-ik) [koKvtlkos, preventive]. Pre-
ventive; inhibitory; caused by an obstruction; anti-
septic.

coma {ko'-mah) [ku>ho., a deep sleep]. Unconscious-
ness from which the patient cannot be aroused by
external stimulus, c, alcoholic, that due to poisoning
by alcohol, c, apoplectic, that due to apoplexy.
c, uremic, that due to uremia, c. vigil, a comatose
condition in which the patient lies with open eyes,
but is unconscious and delirious. This occurs oc-
casionally in typhoid and typhus fevers and in
delirium tremens.

comatose (ko'-mat-os) [coma]. In a condition of
coma.

combiner (kom-bi'-ner) [combinare, to join]. That
which combines, c, galvanofaradic, an instrument
by means of which the galvanic and faradic currents
can be used alternately or in combination in electro-
therapeutics.

combustion (kom-bus'-chun) [comburere, to burn
up]. The process of oxidation, attended with the
liberation of heat and sometimes of light, c, slow,
same as decay, c. spontaneous, that due to heat
from chemical changes, such as the spontaneous igni-
tion of oiled waste or shoddy in woolen mills, fac-
tories, etc.

Comby's sign [Jules Comby, French' physician,
19th century]. A form of stomatitis involving the
buccal mucosa, diagnostic of incipient measles.
There is slight swelling, and the mucous membrane
becomes reddish, the superficial epithelial cells be-
come whitish as if brushed over by a paint-brush.
It may occur evenly or in patches. Cf. Koplik's
spots.

comedo (kom'-e-do) [L., "a glutton"; pi., come-
dones]. A chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands
characterized by yellowish or whitish elevations,
the size of a pinpoint or of a pinhead, containing
in their center exposed blackish points. They are
found usually on the face, back of the neck, chest,
and back, and are often associated with acne. They
occur, as a rule, in the young. Occasionally a
parasite, Demodex folliculorum, is found in each
comedo. Syn., blackheads; grubs; grub-worms.

comes (ko'-mez) [L.; pi., comites]. A companion
as a vein to an artery, or an artery to a nerve.

comestible (kom-est'-e-bl) [L., comestibilis]. Edible.

comfrey (kum'-fre). The root of Symphytum
officinale, a demulcent, slightly astringent and tonic
drug. It is a common ingredient of domestic cough-
mixtures. Dose of the decoction indefinite; of the
fluid extract 3 j — ij -

comma bacillus (kom'-ah bas-il'-us). See spirillum
cholerce asiaticce under spirillum.

comma-tract (kom'-ah-trakt). A comma-shaped
tract in the posterolateral column of the spinal cord.

commensal (kom-en'-sal) [com, together; mensa,
table]. In biology, the harmonious living together
of two organisms, animals or plants. One of two
such organisms.

commensalism (kom-en'-sal-izm). The intimate
association of two different living organisms depen-
dent on each other.

comminuted (kom'-in-ii-ted) [comminuere, to break
into pieces]. Broken into a number of pieces.

comminuter (kom'-in-u-ter) [comminuere, to break
into pieces]. An apparatus used to produce a spray;
an atomizer.

comminution {kom-in-u'-shun) [comminutio; com-
minuere, to break in pieces]. The process by which
a solid body is reduced to pieces of varying sizes.
It includes the various operations of cutting, rasping,
grating, slicing, pulverizing, levigating, triturating,
elutriating, granulating, etc. See, also, fracture,
comminuted.

Commiphora (kom-if'-o-rah) [k6mj.i, gum; <f>epeiv,
to bear]. A genus of shrubs and trees of the order
Burseracece, found in Africa and the East Indies.
C. africanum yields African bdellium. C. agallocha
yields Indian bdellium. C. myrrha yields myrrh.
C. opobalsamum yields balsam of Mecca or of Gilead.

commissura {kom-is-u'-rah). See commissure.
c. ansata, a tract of fibers in the optic chiasm, c.
anterior alba, anterior white commissure, c. an-
terior grisea, anterior gray commissure, c. anterior
(cerebri), anterior commissure of the cerebrum.
c. brevis, a portion of the inferior vermiform process
of the cerebellum, c. habenularum, commissure of
the habenula. c. hippocampi, the fornicommissure
or lyra of the fornix, q. v. c. inferior (Guddeni),

inferior commissure of Gudden. c. labiorum, junc-
tion of the lips, the angle of the mouth, c. labiorum
anterior, anterior commissure of the labia majora.
c. labiorum posterior, posterior commissure of the
labia majora. c. magna, the corpus callosum. c.
magna cerebelli, the superior peduncles of the
cerebellum, c. maxima, c. maxima cerebri, the
corpus callosum. c. palpebrarum lateralis, lateral
palpebral commissure, or external canthus. c.
palpebrarum medialis, medial palpebral commissure,
or internal canthus. c. posterior, posterior com-
missure, c. posterior (cerebri), posterior commissure
of the cerebrum, c. simplex, a small cerebellar
lobe. c. superior (Meynerti), superior commissure
of Meynert. c. ventralis alba, the band of white
matter between the gray matter and the anterior
fissure of the spinal cord.

commissural (kom-is-u'-ral) [commissure]. Having
the properties of a commissure; uniting symmetrical
parts, as commissural fibers of the brain.

commissure (kom'-is-ur) [con, together; mittere,
to send]. 1. That which unites two parts. 2. A
joint, a seam. 3. The point of union of the lips,
eyelids, or labia. 4. Strands of nerve-fibers uniting
hemispheres of the brain, or the two sides of the
spinal cord, c, anterior (of third ventricle), a
rounded cord of white fibers placed in front of the
anterior crura of the fornix, c, arcuate. 1. The
posterior optic commissure. 2. Same as Gudden's
inferior commissure, q. v. c, gray (of spinal cord),
the transverse band of gray matter connecting the
masses of gray matter of the two halves of the spinal
cord, c, gray, anterior, nerve-fibers in the gray
columns of the cord, which, crossing to the opposite
side in front of the central canal, decussate in two
directions, part of the fibers entering into the oppo-
site cornu ventrale, part into the cornu dorsale.
c, gray, posterior, that portion of the gray com-
missure of the spinal cord lying dorsad to the central
canal, c, habenal, fibers joining one habena to the
other; the dorsal stalk of the epiphyses, c, horse-
shoe. See Wernekink's c. c, inferior. See Gudden's
inferior c. c, middle, a band of soft gray matter
connecting the optic thalami. c, optic, the union
and crossing of the two optic nerves in front of the
tuber cinereum. c, posterior (of third ventricle),
a flattened white band connecting the optic thalami
posteriorly, c, soft (of the brain). Same as c,
middle, c, white, anterior (of spinal cord), a layer
of fibers separating the posterior gray commissure
from the bottom of the anterior median fissure, c,
white, posterior (of spinal cord), a band of fibers
separating the gray commissure from the bottom of
the posterior median fissure.

commotio (kom-o'-she-o) [L.]. A concussion,
commotion or shock, c. cerebri, concussion of the
brain, c. retinae, concussion or paralysis of the
retina from a blow on or near the eye. It is charac-
terized by sudden blindness, but there is little or no
ophthalmoscopic evidence of any lesion. The sight
is usually regained, and its loss is supposedly due to
disturbance of the retinal elements, c. spinalis,
railway spine.

communicable (kom-u'-nik-abl) [communicabilis].
Capable of being transmitted from one person to
another.

communicans (kom-u'-nik-ans) [L.]. 1. Commu-
nicating. 2._ Alternating; connecting. _ _ c. hypo-
glossi, c. noni. See under nerve, c. Willisii. The
posterior communicating artery of the brain.

commutator (kom'-u-ta-tor) [commutare, to ex-
change]. An instrument for automatically inter-
rupting or reversing the flow of an electric current.

comose (ko'-mos) [coma, hair]. Having much
hair.

comp. Abbreviation for Latin compositus, com-
posita, compositum, compound.

compact (kom'-pakt) [compactus, joined togetherf.
Solid, dense; closely compressed, c. tissue, the ex-
ternal, hard part of bone.

comparascope (kom-par'-as-kop). An apparatus
attached to a microscope for the simultaneous
comparison of two different slides.

comparative anatomy. See anatomy, comparative.

compatibility (kom-pal-ib-il'-it-e) [Fr., compati-
bility. Of medicines, the relation of one substance
to another, so that they may be mixed without
chemical change or loss of therapeutic power.

compensating {kom'-pen-sa-ting) [see compensation].
Making good a deficiency, c. ocular. See under

COMPENSATION

242

CONCEPT

ocular, c. operation, in ophthalmology, tenotomy
of the associated antagonist in cases of diplopia from
paresis of one of the ocular muscles.

compensation (kom-pen-sa'-shun) [compensare, to
equalize]. The act of making good a deficiency; the
state of counterbalancing a functional or structural
defect.

compensatory (Jkom-pen'-sa-to-re) [see compensa-
tion]. Making good a deficiency. Restoring the
balance, after failure of one organ or part of an
organ,
by means of some other organ or part of an organ.

complaint (kom-plant') [complangere, to lament].
A disease or ailment, c, bowel-, diarrhea, c,
summer-, summer diarrhea.

complement (kom'-ple-ment) [complere, to com-
plete]. A thermolabile body resembling a ferment
and found in serum and cell protoplasm. It acts
in conjunction with the amboceptor in causing lysis.
"The cell is the lock, the amboceptor the key, and
the complement the hand that turns the key."
Syn., addiment; alexin; cytase. See alexin, Wasser-
mann's test. c. deviation of, c, fixation of, the entering
of the complement into combination with an antigen-
immune-body, so that hemolysis or bacteriolysis is
hindered.

complemental, complementary (kom-ple-men'-tal,
kom-ple-men'-ta-re) [complement]. Supplying a de-
ficiency, c. air. See air, complemental. c. colors,
a term applied to any two colors which combined
produce white light, as, e. g., blue and yellow.

complementoid (kom-ple-ment'-oid). A comple-
ment that has lost its power of causing lysis. .It
results from the destruction of a complement (q. v.) ;
it can go to form an anticomplement.

complementophil, complementophile (kom-ple-
ment'-o-fil). The haptophore group of the inter-
mediary body by means of which it combines with
the complement.

complementophilic (kom-ple-ment-o-fil'-ik). Show-
ing a special affinity for the complement.

complexus (kom-pleks'-us) [L., "complex"]. The
totality of symptoms, phenomena, or signs of a
morbid condition, c. muscle. See under muscle.

complication (kom-plik-a'-shun) [complicare, to
fold together]. A disease occurring in the course of
some other disease and more or less dependent upon it.

composition (kom-po-zish'-un) [compositio, a putting
together], i. Compounding; applied to drugs.
The constitution of a mixture. 2. The kind and
number of atoms which are contained in the mole-
cule of a compound, c. powder, a popular name
(originally Thomsonian) for the pulvis myricce com-
positus, N. F. At present it is a mixture of finely
•powdered bayberry bark (Myrica cerifera), 12 parts;
ginger, 6 parts; capsicum and cloves, each 1 part.
It is useful for sore throat and severe coryza. c. tea,
a warm drink composed of different spices, and used
as a stomachic and to abort an attack of coryza.

compos mentis (kom'-pos men'tis) [L.]. Of sound
mind.

compound (kom'-pound or kom-pound') [com, to-
gether; ponere, to put]. 1. To mix, as drugs. 2. A
mixture composed of several parts. 3. A substance
composed of definite proportions of two or more
elements in chemical union, c, addition, one
formed from two other substances by direct union.
c, binary, a substance composed of two elements or
of an element and _ a compound behaving as an
element, c. cathartic pills (pilulce catharticce com-
posite, U. S. P.), pills of colocynth, mild mercurous
chloride, resin of jalap, gamboge, and diluted alcohol.
Dose 2 pills, c, endothermic, one absorbing heat in
its formation, c, exothermic, one in which there is
no elevation of temperature attending its formation.
c, explosive, an unstable organic product containing
much oxygen and readily decomposing, c. fracture.
See fracture, compound. c.,= quaternary, a substance
composed of four elements, c, satisfied, a chemical
compound in which the combining capacities of all
the elements are satisfied; one in which there are
no free valences, c, saturated, one in which the
elements have their maximum valences all filled.
c, substitution, a compound formed from another
body by replacement of one or more of its elements
by another body or bodies, c, ternary, a compound
composed of three elements.

compounding {kom-pound' -ing). The mixing,
manipulation, and preparation of the drugs ordered
in a prescription.

compress (kom'-pres) [compressus, pressed to-
gether]. A folded cloth, wet or dry, applied firmly
to the part for relief of inflammation or to prevent
hemorrhage, c, electrothermic, an appliance con-
sisting of flexible pillows and of thin wires isolated
by asbestos and covered with canvas. This, when
connected with a strong electric current, serves to
supply a modified form of dry heat. c. cribriform,
c, fenestrated, a compress with a hole for drainage.
c, graduated, a compress composed of folds of a
gradually increasing size.

compressed (kom-presd') [compressus, pressed
together]. Firmly pressed together; having the
lateral diameter reduced, c. air, air the density of
which has been increased by compression, c.-air
bath. See bath, c.-air illness. See caisson disease.

compression (kom-presh'-un) [compress]. The
state of being compressed, c.-atrophy, atrophy of a
part from constant compression, c, digital, com-
pression of an artery by the fingers, c.-myelitis.
See myelitis, compression-.

compressor (kom-pres'-or) [compress]. 1. An
instrument for compressing an artery, vein, etc.
2. It is also applied to muscles having a compressing
function, as the c. naris, c. vena dorsalis penis, etc.
See muscles, table of. 3. One of the light springs
inserted on either side of the stage of a microscope
for holding the slide in position; a clip. c. sacculi
laryngis, the inferior aryteno-epiglottideus muscle.
See muscles, table of. c. urethrae, constrictor urethra?.
See muscles, table of.

compressorium (kom-pres-o'-re-um) [compressor, a
compress]. An instrument devised for making
pressure on the cover-glass of a microscope-slide in
order to favor separation of the elements of the speci-
men to be examined.

conalbumin (kon-al'-bu-min). A proteid body
obtained by Osborne and Campbell from white of
egg, and so designated "on account of its close rela-
tion in properties and composition to ovalbumen."
Cf. ovalbumen; ovomucin; ovomucoid.

conarial (ko-na'-re-al) [nuvapwv, the pineal gland].
Relating to the conarium. c. vein. See vein.

conariohypophyseal (ko-na-re-o-hi-po-fis'-e-al) [«o-
vapiov, the pineal gland; inro<f>v<ns, an undergrowth].
Relating to the conarium and to the hypophysis of
the cerebrum; pineo-pituitary.

conarium (ko-na'-re-um) [nosvapiov; dim. of kwpos,
a cone]. The pineal gland.

conation (ko-na'-shun) [conari, to endeavor]. The
exertive power of the mind, including will and desire;
a special act or exercise of the exertive power.

concassation (kon-kas-a'-shun) [concassatio; con,
together; cassare or quassare, to shake, to beat],

1. The shaking of medicines, as in a bottle; the pul-
verizing of drugs by beating. 2. Mental distress or
affliction.

concatenate (kon-kat'-en-dt) [L., con, together;
catena, chain]. Linked together; such as enlarged
lymph glands.

Concato's disease (kon-kah'-to) [Luigi Maria
Concato, Italian physician, 1825-1882]. Tubercu-
losis affecting successively various serous membranes,
terminating usually in pulmonary tuberculosis.

concave (kon-kav') [con, together; cavus, hollow].
Hollow; incurved, as the inner surface of a hollow
sphere.

concavity (kon-kav' -it-e). A depression or fossa.

concavoconvex (kon-ka-vo-kon-veks') . Having one
surface concave, the other convex, the convexity
exceeding the concavity. See lens, concavoconvex.

concavum pedis [L.]. The hollow, or the arch of
the sole of the foot.

concavoconcave (kon-ka'-vo-kon'-kav) [concave].
Concave on both sides. See lens, biconcave.

conceive (kon-sev') [concipere, to take in]. To
become pregnant.

concentrated (kon'-sen-tra-ted). Made stronger or
purer.

concentration (kon-sen-tra'-shun) [con, together;
centrum, the center]. 1. The act of making denser,
as of a mixture, by evaporating a -part of the liquid.

2. Afflux toward a part. 3. The strength of a solu-
tion. 4. The state of fixed and restricted attention.

concentric (kon-sen-trik). Having a common
center, c. hypertrophy of the heart, increase in the
muscular texture of the heart, the capacity of the
cavities remaining unchanged.

concept (kon'-sepf) [conceptum, something under-,
stood]. The subject of a mental conception.

CONCEPTION

243

CONDYLOMA

conception {kon-sep'-shun) [concipere, to conceive].

1. The fecundation of the ovum by the spermatozoon.

2. The abstract mental idea of anything; the power
or act of mentally conceiving, c, imperative, a false
idea that a person dwells upon and cannot expel from
his mind, even when he knows it to be absurd. It
dominates his actions and is a symptom of insanity.

concha (kong'-kah) [noyxv, a shell: pi., conches].

1. A shell. Applied to organs having some resem-
blance to a shell, as the naris, vulva, etc. 2. The
external ear. 3. The turbinated bone. c. auris,
the hollow part of the external ear. c. inferior, the
inferior turbinated bones, c. labyrinthi, the cochlea.
c. media, the middle turbinated bone, c, Morgag-
ni's, the superior turbinated bone of the ethmoid.
c. superior, the superior turbinated bone, conchae
turbinatae, the turbinated bones.

conchinine (kon' -kin-en). See quinidine.

conchitis (kong-ki'-tis) [kojxv, a shell; wis, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the concha.

conchoidal (kong-koi'-dal). Shell-like.; shaped like
a cell.

conchoscope (kong'-ko-skop) [concha; vKOTreZv,
to inspect]. A speculum and mirror for inspecting
the nasal cavity.

conchotome (kong'-ko-tom) [concha; ro/xr), a cut-
ting]. An instrument for the surgical removal of the
turbinated bone.

concoctio (kon-kok'-she-o) [L.]. Digestion, c.
tarda. Synonym of dyspepsia.

concoction (kon-kok'-shun) [concoquere, to boil
together]. The act of boiling two substances to-
gether.

concomitant (kon-kom' -it-ant) [concomitari, to
accompany]. Accompanying, c. strabismus. See
under strabismus, c. symptoms, symptoms that are
not in themselves essential to the course of a disease,
but that may occur in association with the essential
symptoms.

concrement (kon'-kre-ment) [concrescere, to grow
together]. A concretion.

concrescence (kon-kres'-ens) [con, together; cres-
cere, to grow]. 1. See concretion (3). 2. Held's
term for the plunging of the terminal of one neuron
deep into the cell-body of another, c. of teeth, a
growing together of the roots of two teeth after
complete development.

concretion (kon-kre'-shun) [see concrescence]. 1.
The solidification or condensation of a fluid sub-
stance. 2. A calculus. 3. A union of parts nor-
mally separate, as the fingers.

concubitus (kon-ku'-bit-us) [concumbere, to lie
together]. Copulation.

concussion (kon-kush'-uri) [concussio, a violent
shock]. Shock; the state of being shaken; a severe
shaking or jarring of a part; also, the morbid state
resulting from such a jarring, c. of the brain, a
condition produced by a fall or blow on the head,
and marked by unconsciousness, feeble pulse, cold
skin, pallor, at times the involuntary discharge of
feces and urine; this is followed by partial stupor,
vomiting, and headache, and eventually recovery.
In severe cases inflammation of the brain or a con-
dition of feeble-mindedness may follow, c. of the
labyrinth, deafness and tinnitus from a blow or an
explosion, c. of the spinal cord, a condition caused
by severe shock of the spinal column, with or without
appreciable lesion of the cord. It leads to functional
disturbances analogous to railway spine.

concussor (kon-kus'-or) [concutere, to shake].
In massage, an apparatus for gently beating the
part to be treated.

condensability {kon-dens-ab-iV -it-e) [condensare,^ to
condense]. Capacity for undergoing condensation.

condensation (kon-den-sa'-shun) [condensare, to
condense]. 1. Making more compact or dense.

2. The changing of a gaseous substance to a liquid,
or a liquid to a solid. 3. In chemistry, the union of
two or more molecules by the linking of carbon-
atoms and the formation of complicated carbon-
chains. 4. The pathological hardening, with or
without contraction, of a soft organ or tissue.

condensed (kon-densd') [condensare, to make thick].
Made compact; reduced to a denser form. c. milk,
milk that has had most of its watery elements
evaporated. Condensed milk prepared with the
addition of cane-sugar is a white or yellowish-white
product of about the consistence of honey, and
ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to 1.41. It
should be completely soluble in 4 or 5 times its bulk

of water, without separation of any flocculent residue,
and then possess the taste of fresh, sweetened milk.
Condensed milk prepared without the addition of
cane-sugar is not boiled down to the same degree,
and therefore remains liquid.

condenser (kon-den'-ser). 1. A lens or combination
of lenses used in microscopy for gathering and
concentrating rays of light. See Abbe's condenser.
2. An apparatus for condensing gases. 3. An ap-
paratus for the accumulation of electricity.

condiment (kon'-dim-ent) [condimentum, spice].
Spice, sauce, or other appetizing ingredients used with
food.

condom, (kon'-dum) [corruption of Conton, English
physician 18th century, said to be the inventor]. A
sheath worn over the penis during copulation for
the purpose of preventing conception or infection.

conductance (kon-duk'-tans). The ratio of an
electric current through a conductor to the electro-
motive force.

conductibility {kon-dukt-i-bil'-e-te) [see conductor].
1. Capacity for being conducted. 2. Conductivity;
conducting power, c, centrifugal, the power of
carrying centrifugal impulses from the nervous
centers to the periphery, c, centripetal, the power
of conducting centripetal impulses from the peri-
phery to the nervous centers.

conduction (kon-duk'-shun) [see conductor]. The
passage or transfer of force or material from one
part to another, c.-resistance, the resistance en-
countered by an electric current in passing through a
circuit.

conductivity (kon-duk-tiv'-it-e). The capacity for
conducting.

conductor (kon-duk'-tor) [conducere, to draw to-
gether]. 1. A body that transmits force-vibrations,
such as those of heat or electricity. 2. A term
applied to the electrodes and cords by which they
are joined to the battery. 3. An instrument serving
as a guide for the surgeon's knife. 4. In physiology,
any part of the nervous system that transmits
impulses, c, sonorous, a term applied to certain
nerve-fibers which interlace with the auditory striae.

condurangin (kon-du-ran'-jin) [condurango]. A
mixture of glucosides from condurango bark, occur-
ring as an amorphous yellow powder of an aromatic
bitter taste, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloro-
form. It is used as a stomachic and astringent in
gastric cancer and chronic dyspepsia. Dose T\Hf 8r-
(0.006-0.016 Gm.) 3 times daily.

condurango bark (kon-du-ran'-go) [Peruvian].
Bark of Gonolobus tetragonus or of Conglobus con-
durango; a remedy much used in South America as
an alterative in syphilis. It was introduced into
the United States as a remedy for carcinoma of the
stomach, but yielded uncertain results. It is a
stomachic tonic. Dose of the fluidextract |-i dr.
(2-4 Cc.) ; of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.)

Condy's fluid Qzon'-de) [Henry Bollmann Condy,
English physician, 19th century]. One part of
sodium or potassium permanganate dissolved in 500
parts of water; it is a useful disinfectant.

condylar (kon'-dil-ar) [condyle]. Pertaining to a
condyle.

condylarthrosis (fion-dil-ar-thro'-sis) [condyle; ap-
dpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis wherein a
condyle is set in a shallow and elliptic cavity and
free and varied movement of the joint is possible;
condylar articulation.

condyle (kon'-dil) [k6i>8v\os, a knuckle]. Any
rounded eminence such as occurs in the joints of
many of the bones, especially the femur, humerus,
and lower jaw.

condylectomy (kon-dil-ek'-to-me) [condyle; iKTon-q,
excision]. Excision of a condyle.

condylion (kon-dil'-e-on) [condyle]. In crani-
ometry, the point at the lateral tip of the condyle
of the jaw.

condyloid (kon'-dil-oid) [condyle; eUos, likeness].
Resembling or pertaining to a condyle.

condyloma (kon-dil-o'-mah) [KovSiiXco/ia, a swelling:
pi., condylomata]. A wart-like growth or tumor
usually near the anus or pudendum, c. acuminatum,
the pointed condyloma or wart of the genital organs,
often of non-syphilitic origin. Syn., acrothymion;
acrothymiosis. c. endocysticum, c. endofolliculare,
c. porcelaneum, c. subcutaneum. See molluscum
contagiosum. c. latum, the flat, broad, moist syphilid
or mucous patch. Syn., papula madidans. Cf.
c. acuminatum, c, syphilitic, c. syphiliticum. See

CONDYLOMATOUS

244

CONIDIUM

c. latum, c, thymic, condyloma that assumes the
form of a papilloma; so called from its resemblance
to thyme-blossoms.

condylomatous (kon-dil-o'-mat-us). Of the nature
of a condyloma.

condylosis (kon-dil-o'-sis). The formation of a
condyloma.

condylotomy (kon-dil-ot'-o-me) [condyle; rkpveiv,
to cut]. Extra-articular osteotomy; a division
through the condyles of a bone.

condylus (kon'-di-lus) [L.: pi., condyli]. Condyle.
c. lateralis, lateral condyle, outer condyle, or external
tuberosity, c. medialis, medial condyle, inner
condyle, or internal tuberosity, c. occipitalis, occi-
pital condyle.

cone, conus (kon, ko'-nus) [kuvos, a cone], i. A solid
body having a circle for its base, and terminating in
a point. 2. The mechanical element of the tooth-
crown. 3. See conus. c, antipodal, in mitosis the
cone of astral rays opposite the spindle-fibers, c-
bipolars, bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer of
the retina, connected with the cones of the retina
externally and ramifying internally in the middle of
the molecular layer, c.-element, a cell of the sensory
or nerve epithelium of the retina, consisting of a
conic tapering external part, the cone proper, pro-
longed into a nucleated enlargement from the farther
side of which the cone-fiber passes inward to terminate
by an expanded arborization in the outer molecular
layer, c.-fiber, one of the fibers of the retinal
cones, c.-foot, one of the bulbous processes of the
cone-granules of the retina, c, graduated, a cone-
shaped body used for measuring the size of orifices
of vessels, etc., especially in post-mortem examina-
tions, c.-granules, those of the outer nuclear layer
of the retina, connected with the cones of the ninth
layer externally, and internally by a thick process
which becomes bulbous (the cone-foot); they ter-
minate in fine fibers in the outer molecular layer.
Cf . rod-granules, c. of light, the triangular reflection
from the normal tympanic membrane; also the
bundle of light-rays entering the pupil and forming
the retinal image, c, retinal, one of the rod-like
bodies which, with the associated rods, forms one
of the outer layers of the retina, the so-called rod-
and-cone layer, c. spermatic, one of the series of
cones forming the head of the epididymis, and com-
posed of the coiled efferent tubules.

conessi bark (kon-es'-e). The bark of Wrightia
zeylanica, and of Holarrhena africana, apocynaceous
shrubs or trees of India and Africa. It is extensively
used in India in dysentery and as an antiperiodic.
Syn., tellicherry bark.

conessine (kon-es'-in). See Wrightine.

confectio (kon-fek'-she-o) [L.; gen., confectionis].
Official name for any confection, q. v. c. Damocratis.
See mithridate.

confection (kon-fek'-shun) [confectio, a preparation].
In pharmacy, a mass of sugar and water, or of
honey, used as an excipient with a prescribed medi-
cinal substance.

confectioner's disease. A disease of the finger-
nails occurring in confectioners. The nail loses its
polish and becomes black, and the periungual por-
tion becomes loosened and raised.

confertus (kon-fer'-tus) [confercire, to press close
together]. Pressed together, dense, crowded; applied
to cutaneous eruptions.

configuration (kon-fig-u-ra'-shun) [configurare, to
form after something]. In chemistry, a term
designating the "constitution" or "structure" of the
molecule.

confinement (kon-ftn'-ment) [con, together; finis,
boundary; limit]. The condition of women during
childbirth.

confirmatory ikon-fir' -mat-or-e) [confirmare, to
confirm]. Confirming, c. incision, an abdominal sec-
tion, made to confirm a diagnosis, as in case of ma-
lignant disease of the ovary, uterus, peritoneum, etc.

confluens sinuum (kon'-fiu-enz sin'-u-um) [L.].
Confluence of the sinuses; the torcular Herophili.

confluent (kon'-fiu-eni) [confluere, to flow together].
Running together. The opposite of discrete. In
anatomy, coalesced or blended; applied to two or
more bones originally separate, but subsequently
formed into one.

confocal (kon-fo'-kal). Having the same focus.

conformator (kon-for-ma'-tor) [Fr., conformateur].
A form of cephalograph used in determining the
outlines of the skull in craniometry.

confrontation (kon-fron-ta'-shun) [confrontari, to be
contiguous to]. The examination of a person by
whom a diseased person may have been infected as a
means of diagnosing the disease in the latter.

confusion (kon-fu'-zhun) [com, together; f under e,
to pour]. Mixing; confounding, c. colors, a set
of colors so chosen that they cannot be distinguished
by one who is color-blind, c. letters, test-type letters,
such as C, G, O, or F, P, T, liable to be mistaken for
one another.

cong. Abbreviation for Latin congius, a gallon.

congelation (kon-jel-a'-shun) [congelatio, a freezing].
1. Freezing; frost-bite; intense cold or its effect on
the animal economy or any organ or part. 2. The
chilling or benumbing effect of any freezing-mixture
or application; mainly employed for its local anes-
thetic effect. 3. Coagulation.

congener (kon'-jen-er) [L., of the same race].
1. Belonging to the same genus; closely allied. 2. A
congenerous muscle.

congenerous (kon-jen'-er-us) [congener, of the same
race]. Of the same genus, c. diseases, allied dis-
eases, c. muscles, muscles producing one action.

congenital (kon-jen'-it-al) [congenitus, born with].
Existing at birth.

congested (kon-jes'-ted). In a state of congestion.

congestion (kon-jes'-chun) [congerere, to heap up].
An abnormal collection of blood in a part or organ.
Congestion may be active or passive, atonic or
inflammatory, functional or hypostatic. It is also
named from the parts affected; the most important
varieties of morbid congestion are the cerebral,
spinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal, c, pleuro-
pulmonary, c, pulmonary, Potain's type of, congestion
of the lungs marked by symptoms similar to those of
pleurisy.

congestive (kon-jes'-tiv) [congestion]. Marked by,
due to, or of the nature of congestion, c. fever,
malarial fever.

congius {kon-je'-us) [L.: pi., congii]. A fluid
measure; a gallon.

conglobate (kon-glo'-bat) [con, together; globare,
to make into a globe]. Rounded, c. glands, the
absorbent or lymphatic glands. See gland.

conglomerate (kon-glom'-er-at) [conglomerare, to
heap up]. 1. Massed together; aggregated^ 2. A
mass of units without order, c. glands, acinous
glands.

conglutin (kon-glu' -tin) [con, together; gluten,
glue]. One of the proteids found in almonds, peas,
beans, and other kinds of pulse.

conglutinant (kon-glu' -tin-ant) [conglutinare, to
glue together]. Adhesive; promoting union, as of
the edges of a wound.

conglutination (kon-glu-tin-a'-shun) [conglutinare,
to glue together]. The abnormal union of two
contiguous surfaces or bodies, as of two fingers, or of
the opposed surfaces of the pleural or pericardial sac.

conglutinin (kon-glu' -tin-in). That substance in
serum which causes conglutination; it is easily pre-
cipitated and is non-specific.

Congo red. A red coloring-matter which becomes
blue in the presence of free HC1. It is used in the
chemical investigation of the gastric juice, c. root,
the root of Psoralea melilotoides, a leguminous herb
of the United States. It is an aromatic bitter tonic,
recommended in chronic diarrhea.

congress (kong'-gres) [congressus, a meeting to-
gether]. An assemblage for deliberative purpose.
c, sexual, coitus, or carnal intercourse.

conhydrine (kon-hi'-drin) [kuvuov, hemlock;
iidup, water], CsHnNO. A solid alkaloid of conium,
an oxyconine occurring in pearly, iridescent, white,
foliaceous crystals, with a faint, conine-like odor, and
melting at 1210 C. and distilling at 2260. c. pseudo-,
C8H17NO, white acicular crystals obtained from
crude coniine soluble in water, alcohol, benzene, ether,
and chloroform; melt at 980 C. and boil at 2300-
2320 C.

coni vasculosi (ko'-ni vas-ku-lo'-si). A series of
conical masses of tubules that together form the
globus major of the epididymis.

conic, conical (kon'-ik, kon'-ik-al) [cone]. Cone-
shaped, c. cornea. See keratoglobus.

conicine (kon'-is-in). See coniine.

conidia (ko-nid'-e-ah) [L.]. Plural of conidium.

conidial (ko-nid'-e-al) [conidium]. Pertaining to,
or of the nature of a conidium.

conidium (ko-nid'-e-um) [«6m, dust; ISiov, dim.
suffix; pi., conidia]. In biology, the deciduous

CONIDIOPHORE

245

CONSENSUS

asexual spores of certain fungi. Also called basidio-
spore and acrospore.

conidiophore (ko-nid'-e-o-for) [conidium; <}>kpeiv, to
bear]. The mycelial thread of a fungus which carries
the conidia.

conidiospore (ko-nid'-e-o-spor) [conidium; spore].
Same as conidium.

coniine (ko'-ne-in). See conine and conium.

coniism (ko'-ne-izm) [conium]. Poisoning by
conium. It begins with paralysis of the legs, which
extends to the arms and respiratory muscles, leading
to unconsciousness and death.

conine (ko'-nen) [conium], CsHisN. A liquid
alkaloid which is the active principle of conium.
Dose sWV gr- (0.001-0.006 Gm.). Unof. c,
animal. See cadaverin. c. hydrobromide, C5H9-
(C3H7), recommended in spasmodic affections.
Dose 35—1V gr. (0.002-0.004 Gm.). All preparations
are of uncertain strength, c. hydrochloride, CsHn-
•NHC1, the principal salt of conine, is used as is conine
hydrobromide.

coniosis (ko-ne-o'-sis). See koniosis.

conium (ko-ne'-um) [kujvelop, hemlock]. Hemlock.
Both the leaves and the fruit are official in the B. P.
The conium of the U. S. P. is the full-grown but unripe
fruit of the spotted hemlock, C. maculatum. It con-
tains three alkaloids and a volatile oil. Its proper-
ties are mainly due to the alkaloids conine, CsHisN,
and methylconine, CsHuNCHs. It produces motor
paralysis, without loss of sensation or of conscious-
ness. Toxic doses cause death by paralysis of the
organs of respiration. It is valuable in acute mania,
delirium tremens, tetanus, blepharospasm, asthma,
and whooping-cough, conii, abstractum, made
from conium, 200; dilute hydrochloric acid, 6; sugar
of milk and alcohol, q. s. to make 100 parts of ab-
stract. Dose J-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.). conii,
cataplasma (B. P.), made from the leaves; for ex-
ternal use. conii, fluidextractum (U. S. P.). Dose
1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 Cc). conii, pilula, composita
(B. P.), contains extract of hemlock and ipecac.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). conii, succus (B.
P.), made from the leaves. Dose 30 min.-2 dr. (2-8
Cc). conii, tinctura, 15 % strength. Dose 10 min-
1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). conii, vapor (B. P.), for inhala-
tions.

conjugal (kon'-ju-gal) [con, together; jugare, to
yoke]. Pertaining to marriage; affecting both
husband and wife. c. diabetes, diabetes affecting
husband and wife together; this is said to be not in-
frequently observed.

conjugate (kon'-ju-gat) [see conjugal]. 1. Yoked
or coupled. 2. The anteroposterior diameter of the
brim of the pelvis, the plane of the brim being
regarded as an ellipse, c, anatomical. See conjugate
(2). c. deviation. See deviation, conjugate, c.
diameter (of the pelvis). See conjugate (2), and di-
ameter, pelvic. c. foci, two foci which are inter-
changeable, c, obstetrical, c, true, the minimum
diameter of the pelvic inlet.

conjugation (kon-ju-ga'-shun). 1. A form of re-
production or cell-division. 2. The process in which
two protozoa come together and exchange materials.
c. nucleus, the segmentation-nucleus.

conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti'-vah) [conjunctivus, con-
necting]. The mucous membrane covering the
anterior portion of the globe of the eye, reflected
upon the lids and extending to their free edges. Its
parts are called palpebral and bulbar or ocular.
c, bulbar, c, ocular, that covering the anterior
third of the eyeball, from the retrotarsal fold to
the margin of the cornea, c, palpebral, the con-
junctiva of the eyelid, c. reaction. Same as
ophthalmo-reaction.

conjunctival (kon-junk'-tiv-al, or kon-junk-ti'-val)
[conjunctivus, connecting]. Relating to the con-
junctiva.

conjunctivitis (kon-junk-liv-i'-tis) [conjunctiva; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Syn., ophthalmia externa; ophthalmia mucosa, c,
catarrhal, c, catarrhal, acute, the most common form,
usually mild, resulting from cold or irritation. See
ophthalmia, c. catarrhalis aestiva. See vernal con-
junctivitis, c, contagious, acute, that due to the
presence of Bacterium agypticum. See trachoma.
c, croupous, a variety associated with the formation
of a whitish-gray membrane that is easily removed.
c, diphtheritic, a specific purulent inflammation of
the conjunctiva due to the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus.
c, Egyptian. See trachoma, c, follicular, a form

characterized by numerous round, pinkish bodies
found in the retrotarsal fold, c, gonorrheal, a
severe form of purulent conjunctivitis caused by
infection with gonococci. c. granulosa. See tra-
choma, c, hemorrhagic. See pink-eye. c, hyper-
trophic, c. hypertrophica, chronic catarrhal con-
junctivitis attended with enlargement of the con-
junctival papilla?, c, lacrimal, a form due to the
presence of irritating secretion from the conducting
part of the lacrimal apparatus, c, lithiasis, irri-
tation of the conjunctiva due to deposition of cal-
careous matter in the tissue of the palpebral con-
junctiva, c, phlyctenular, a form characterized
by the presence on the ocular conjunctiva of small
vesicles surrounded by a reddened zone, c, puru-
lent, conjunctivitis characterized by a thick, creamy
discharge, c, subacute, redness and thickening of
the conjunctiva, largely confined to the conjunctiva
of the lids and fornices, a scanty secretion of mucus,
with some pus-corpuscles, due to the presence of
a bacillus. _

conjunctivoma (kon-junk-tiv-o'-mah) [conjunctiva;
8fia, tumor]. A tumor consisting of conjunctival
tissue; it occurs on the eyelid.

connate (kon'-at). 1. Congenital. 2. United;
confluent.

connection {kon-ek'-shun) [connectere, to connect].
Sexual intercourse.

connective (kon-ek'-tiv). Connecting, binding.
c. tissue, the binding tissue of the body; see tissue.

connectivum (kon-nek-ti'-vum) [L.j. A connective
tissue.

Connell's suture (kon'-el) [F. Gregory Connell,
American surgeon, 1864- ]. A suture used in
circular enterorrhaphy.

connivens (kon-i'-venz). 1. See connivent. 2. Ar-
ranged in circular folds; e. g., valvulce conniventes.

connivent (kon-i'-vent) [connivere, to wink at].
In botany converging toward each other; applied to
stamens that converge above, as those of the violet.

conoid, conoidal (ko'-noid, ko-noi'-dal) [k&vos,
cone; eldos, shape]. Of a conical shape, c. body,
the pineal gland, c. ligament, the lower and inner
part of the coracoclavicular ligament, c. tubercle,
the eminence on the inferior surface of the clavicle
to which the conoid ligament is attached.

conomyoidin (ko-no-mi-oi'-din) [kwvos, cone; /iOs,
muscle; elSos, form]. A contractile protoplasmic
material found in the cones of the retina.

conquassant (kon-kwas'-ant) [conquassare, to shake
severely]. Very severe (applied chiefly to labor-
pains at the acme of their intensity).

conquinamine (kon-kwin'-a-men). An alkaloid of
cuprea-bark.

Conradi-Drigalski medium (kon-rah'-de dre-gal'-
ske). 100 cc of lactose litmus agar is liquefied
by heat and 1 cc of a solution of crystal violet added
(crystal violet 0.1. gram, distilled water 100 cc).
Typhoid colonies growing on this medium are pink,
while those of colon bacillus are bluish-gray.

Conradi's line (kon-rah'-de) [Andrew Christian
Conradi, Norwegian physician, -1869]. A line

drawn from the base of the xiphoid process to the
point of the apex-beat, marking, under normal
conditions, the upper limit of percussion-dulness of
the left lobe of the liver.

consanguineous (kon-san-gwin'-e-us) [consanguin-
eus, of the same blood]. Related by a common
parentage.

consanguinity (kon-san-gwin' -it-e) [con, together;
sanguinis, of blood]. The relationship arising
from common parentage; blood-relationship.

consciousness {kon' -shus-nes) [conscius, knowing].
The state of being aware of one's own existence,
of one's own mental states, and of the impressions
made upon one's senses; ability to take cognizance
of sensations, c, double, that morbid condition in
which there are two separate and alternating states
of mental consciousness, in either one of which the
events that have occurred in the other state are not
remembered by the patient.

consenescence (kon-sen-es' -ens) [consenescere, to
grow old]. The state or condition of growing old.

consensual (kon-sen' -su-al) [consensus, agreement].
Excited reflexly by stimulation of another part,
usually a fellow organ, as the consensual reaction of
one pupil when the iris of the other eye is stimulated.

consensus {kon-sen' -sus) [L.]. Agreement. Gen-
eral harmonious action of different organs in effecting
a purpose.

CONSENT

246

CONTRACTION

consent (kon-senf) [consentire, to agree]. In
forensic medicine, this term signifies willing partici-
pation in unnatural or illegal intercourse.

conserva, or conserve (kon-ser'-vah, or con-serv')
[conservare, to keep]. A confection, q. v.

conservancy (kon-ser'-van-se) [conservare, to keep].
Public conservation of health or of things that make
for health; the sum of hygienic or preservative legis-
lation.

conservation (kon-ser-va'-shun) [conservare, to
keep]. Preservation without loss. c. of energy.
See under energy.

conservative (kon-ser'-vat-iv) [conservare, to keep].
Aiming at the preservation and restoration of
injured parts; as conservative surgery or dentistry.

consistence (kon-sis'-tens). Degree of density, or
hardness.

consolidant, consolidating (kon-sol' -id-ant, kon-
sol-id-a' -ting) [consolidare, to make firm]. Tending
to heal or promoting the healing of wounds or frac-
tures; favoring cicatrization.

consolidation (kon-sol-id-a'-shun) [consolidare, to
make firm]. The process of becoming firm or solid,
as a lung in pneumonia.

consomme (kon'-so-ma) [French]. A clear, strong
soup of meat and vegetable, freed from fat.

consonant, consonating (kon'-so-nant, kon-so-na'-
ting) [con, together; sonare, to sound]. Applied to
pulmonary sounds heard on auscultation which
sound in unison with some other sound.

constant (kon'-stant) [constans, steady]. Fixed,
not changing, c. battery, c. cell, c. element, one
yielding a constant current, c. current, an unin-
terrupted current, one that goes continuously in one
direction.

constipation (kon-stip-a'-shun) [constipare, to
crush tightly together]. A condition in which the
bowels are evacuated at long intervals or with
difficulty; costiveness.

constitutio (kon-sti-tu'-she-o) . See constitution.
c. lymphatica, Paltauf 's term for a pathological con-
dition marked by hyperplasia of the entire lymphatic
system, including the thymus gland, and frequently
by a hyperplasia of the vascular system, and, in
females, of the genital organs.

constitution (kon-stit-u'-shun) [constituere, to dis-
pose]. In chemistry, the atomic or molecular com-
position of a body, together with the relation which
the atoms bear to each other. In pharmacy, the
composition of a substance. In physiology, the
general temperament and functional condition of the
body.

constitutional (kon-stit-u'-shun-al). Pertaining to
the state of the constitution, c. diseases, such
diseases as are inherent, owing to an abnormal
structure of the body. Also, a condition in which
the disease pervades the whole system. General
diseases, in contradistinction to local.

constrict (kon-strikt'). To draw together in one
part.

constrictor (kon-strik'-tor) [constringere, to bind
together]. Any muscle that contracts or tightens
any part of the body. See under muscle, c. isthmi
faucium. See palatoglossus, in muscles, table of.

constringent {kon-strin'-jent) [constringere, to con-
strict]. Same as astringent, q. v.

constructive (kon-struk'-tiv) [construere, to build
up]. Relating to the process of construction;
anabolic.

consultant (kon-sul'-tant) [consultare, to take
counsel]. A consulting physician; one summoned by
the physician in attendance to give counsel in a case.

consultation (kon-sul-ta'-shun) [consultare, to take
counsel]. A deliberation between two or more
physicians concerning the diagnosis of the disease of
a patient and the proper method of treatment.

consumption ikon-sump' -shun) [consumere, to
consume or wear away]. A wasting away, especially
a wasting disease like tuberculosis, particularly
pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculosis of the bowels.

consumptive (kon-sump'-tiv) [consumere, to con-
sume or wear away], i. Of the nature of tubercu-
losis. 2. One afflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis.

contact (kon'-takt) [contactus, a touching], i. A
touching. 2. A person who has been exposed to a
contagious disease, c.-action, catalysis, c.-bed,
a large open basin containing a layer of coke or
cinders, for the purification of sewage by bringing it
into contact with bacteria which set up rapid decom-
position and destruction of the organic matter. Cf.

septic tank, c.-breaker, an instrument by means \
of which a galvanic circuit is broken, c. lenses,
in optics, a glass shell the concavity of which is in
contact with the globe of the eye, a layer of liquid
being interposed between the lens and the cornea.
c. series, a series of metals ranged in such an order
that each becomes positively electrified by contact
with the one that follows it. c.-substance, a catalyst.

contactile, or contactual (kon-tak'-til, or kon-tak'~
tu-al) [contactus, contact], i. Tactile. 2. Due to or
spreading by actual contact.

contagion (Jkon-ta'-jun) [c&ntingere, to touch],
i. The process by which a specific disease is com-
municated from one person to another, either by
direct contact or by means of an intermediate agent.
2. The specific germ or virus from which a com-
municable disease develops.

contagious (kon-ta'-jus) [contagion]. Communic-
able or transmissible by contagion or by a specific
contagium.

contagium (kon-ta'-je-um) [L.]. Any virus or
morbific matter by means of which a communicable
disease is transmitted from the sick to the well.
c. animatum, c. vivum ("living contagium"), any
living vegetable or animal organism that causes the
spread of an infectious disease.

contemplative (kon-tem'-pla-tiv). A person who
induces a sexual orgasm by an act of the imagina-
tion.

contiguity (kon-tig-u' -it-e) [contingere]. Proximity.
c, amputation in the, one performed at a joint,
without section of a bone, c, solution of, separation
of parts are normally in contact, such as dislocation.

contiguous (kon-tig'-u-us). In contact, or adja-
cent.

continence (kon'-ti-nens) [continere, to hold to-
gether]. Self-restraint, especially in regard to the
sexual passion.

continued (kon-tin'-ud) [continuere, to make
continuous]. Persisted in. c. fever, a fever that is
long continued, without intermissions.

continuity {kon-tin-u' -it-e) [com, together; tenere,
to hold]. The state of being continuous or unin-
terrupted, c, amputation in the, amputation in
which a bone is divided, c, solution of, division of a
tissue by traumatism, inflammation, or disease;
such as fracture, incision.

contortion (kon-tor'-shun) [contorquere, to twist].
A twisting or writhing, as of the body.

contour (kon'-toor) [Fr., contour, circuit], i. The
line that bounds, defines, or terminates a figure.
2. In operative dentistry, to effect the restoration
of lost parts of teeth by building them up with gold,
etc. c.-fillings, in dentistry fillings in which the
material is so built out as to restore the lost portion
of the crown of the tooth; distinguished from plane
or flush-fillings.

contoured {kon'-toor d). Of a bacterial culture,
one that has an irregular but smoothly undulating
surface, like that of a relief map.

contra-aperture (kon-trah-ap'-er-chur). A counter-
opening.

contraceptive (kon-trah-sep'-tiv) [contra, against;
conception]. An agent which prevents conception.

contract (kon-trakf) [contrahere, to draw together],
i. To draw the parts together; to shrink. 2. To
acquire by contagion.

contractile (kon-trak'-til) [contrahere, to contract].
Having the power or tending to contract.

contractility (kon-trak-til'-it-e) [see contract]. That
property of certain tissues, especially muscle, of
shortening upon the application of a stimulus.
c, faradic. See galvanofaradization. c, galvanic.
See galvanocontractility. c, idiomuscular, that
peculiar to degenerated muscles, c, neuromuscular,
normal contractility as distinguished from idio-
muscular contractility.

contractio praevia (kon-trak'-she-o pre'-ve-ah). Nar-
rowing of the lower segment of the uterus in front
of the descending fetus.

contraction (kon-trak'-shun) . [see contract]. Ap-
proximation of the elements of a tissue or organ,
thus diminishing its volume or contents, c, anodal
closing, c, anodal opening, the contraction taking
place at the anode on closing or opening the circuit.
c, carpopedal, a variety of tetany occurring in
infants, generally associated with dentition or seat-
worms. There is a flexing of the fingers, toes,
elbows, and knees and a general tendency to con-
vulsions, c, cathodal duration, one occurring at the

CONTRACTOR

247

CONVEX

cathode and continuing during the whole time of
closure of the circuit. Syn., cathodal-closure tetanus.
o, clonic, alternate muscular contraction and relax-
ation, c, closing, muscular contraction produced
at the instant that the electric current is closed.
c, Dupuytren's. See under Dupuytren. o, fibril-
lary, inordinate contraction of different muscle
fibrillae in a muscle, c, front-tap, a phenomenon
often observed in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk.
When the foot is placed at a right angle to the leg
and the muscles of the front of the leg are tapped,
the foot is extended. See under reflex, o, Gowers'.
See c, front-tap. c, hour-glass, a contraction of an
organ, as the stomach or uterus, at the middle.
c, idiomuscular, muscular contraction from direct
stimulation, c. isometric, one showing mainly the
changes in tension in a muscle, without any marked
shortening, c, isotonic, contraction of a muscle,
its tension remaining the same throughout the act.
c, myoclonic, the convulsive spasmodic contraction of
a muscle, c, opening, the muscular contraction pro-
duced by opening or breaking the circuit, c, palmar,
Dupuytren's contraction, c, paradoxic, a phenome-
non that consists in the contraction of a muscle,
caused by the passive approximation of its extremi-
ties, c.-remainder, the stage of elastic after-
vibration or residual contraction persisting in a muscle
after withdrawal of the stimulus, c.-ring, the boun-
dary-line between the upper and lower segments of
the parturient uterus, c, tonic. See spasm, tonic.
c, vermicular, peristaltic contraction.

contractor {kon-trakt'-or). A tensor muscle.

contracture (kon-trak'-chur) [contraction]. Con-
traction; permanent shortening, as of a muscle;
distortion or deformity due to the shortening of a
muscle or of various muscles, c, functional, one
that ceases when the person is unconscious, c,
nurse's. See nurse's contracture, c, organic, one
that persists even when the person is unconscious.
c, Thomsenean, that occurring in Thomsen's disease.
c, Volkmann's. See under Volkmann.

contradolin (kon-trad'-ol-in)'. A compound of
acetamide, salicylic acid, and phenol; analgesic.
Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.) hourly.
_ contrafissura (kon-trah-fis-su'-rah) [contra, oppo-
site to; fissura, a fissure]. Cranial fissure or fracture
produced by a blow upon the skull at a point distant
from or opposite to the seat of the fracture.

contraindicant (kon-trah-in'-dik-ant) [contra, op-
posed to; indicare, to indicate]. 1. Having the
effect of a contraindication. 2. A symptom, indi-
cation, or condition that forbids the use of a particular
remedial measure or set of measures.

contraindication (kon-trah-in-dik-a'-shun) [contra,
against; indicare, to point out]. That modifying
condition in which a remedy or a method of treat-
ment is forbidden.

_ contralateral (kon-trah-lat'-er-al) [contra; latus,
side]. Opposite; applied to a muscle acting in
unison with another on the opposite side of the body.
c. reflexes. See under reflex.

contraluesin (kon-tra-lu'-es-in) [contra: lues]. A
preparation consisting of a mixture of sozoiodolate of
mercury, quinine, and salicylic acid, the mercury
being in such a finely divided state that it can enter
directly into the blood-stream; it is given by intra-
muscular injection in doses of 0.15 gram of mercury
every five days.

contrast stain (kon'-trast) [contra, against; stare,
to stand]. A double stain, in which the special
object to be examined takes one color, and everything
else another color.

contrastimulant (kon-trah-stim'-u-lant) [contra,
against; stimulare, to stimulate]. 1. Counteracting
the effect of a stimulus; depressing; sedative. 2. A
sedative remedy.

contrastimulus, or controstimulus (kon-trah-stim'-
u-lus, or kon-tro-stim' -u-lus) [contra, against; stimulus,
a stimulus]. An influence that is opposed, or acts
in opposition, to a stimulus.

contratoxin (kon-trat'-oks-in) [contra; toxin]. A
vaccine serum used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
It is a mixture of the blood plasma of various animals,
mixed in proportions calculated to produce a lytic
action on various microorganisms without producing
lysis of the human red corpuscles.

contre-coup (kon-tr-koo) [Fr.]. Counter-stroke.
The transmission of a shock from the point struck
to a point on the opposite side of the body or the
part.

contrectation (kon-trek-ta'-shun) [contreclatio; con-
irectare, to touch]. 1. Digital examination; palpa-
tion; touch; manipulation, as in massage. 2. The
impulse to approach and caress a person of the
opposite sex (H. Ellis.).

control (kon-lrol') [contra; rotula, a roll]. A stand-
ard by which to check observations and insure the
validity of their results. Colloquially, the term is
sometimes used as a noun for control animal or con-
trol experiment, c. animal, one used in a control
experiment, c. experiment, an experiment carried
out under normal or common circumstances or
conditions, to serve as a standard whereby to test
the variation or value of another experiment carried
out under peculiar or abnormal circumstances.

controller (kon-trol'-er). An apparatus for regu-
lating the electric current to the. operation of small
lamps, faradic coils, small motors., etc

contunding (kon-tund'-ing) [see contusion]. Pro-
ducing a contusion; bruising.

contusion (kon-tii'-zhun) [contundere, to bruise].
A bruise or injury inflicted without the integument
being broken, c.-pneumonia, a form of pneumonia
following traumatism.

conus (ko'~nus) [k&vos, a cone]. 1. A cone.
2. A crescentic patch of atrophic choroid tissue near
the optic papilla in myopia, c. arteriosus, the cone-
shaped eminence of the right ventricle of the heart,
whence arises the pulmonary artery, c. cochleae,
the modiolus, c. cordis, the ventricular part of the
heart, c. corporis striati, the ventral extremity of
the corpus striatum, c. elasticus, the cricothyroid
membrane, coni Malpighii, c. tubulosi, the Mal-
pighian pyramids, c. medullar is, the cone-like
termination of the spinal cord, continuous as the
filum terminale. coni retinae. See cone, retinal.
c. terminalis. See c. medullaris. coni testiculi.
See coni vasculosi. coni vasculosi, a series of conical
masses that together form the globus major of the
epididymis.

convalescence (kon-val-es'-ens) [convalescere, to
become well]. A term_ applied to the restoration to
health after disease.

convalescent (kon-val-es'-ent) [convalescere, to
become well]. 1. One < recovering from a sickness.
2. Recovering from sickness.

convallamaretin {kon-val-am-ar'-e-tin), C20H36O8.
A crystalline substance* obtained by heating conval-
lamarin with dilute sulphuric acid.

convallamarin (kon-val-am'-ar-in) [convallaria ;
amarus, bitter], C23H44O12. A glucoside derived
from Convallaria majalis. It is soluble in water and
is used as a cardiac stimulant. Dose f gr. (0.05
Gm.). Syn., convallamarinum.

convallaretin {kon-val-ar'-e-tin) , C14H26O3. A sub-
stance obtained from convallarin by prolonged
boiling in dilute acids.

Convallaria (kon-val-a'-re-ah) [convallis, a valley].
A genus of liliaceous plants. C. majalis is the lily-
of-the-valley. All parts of the plant are used in
medicine. Its properties are due to convallarin,
C34H62O11, and convallamarin, C23H44O12, glucosides.
It is a cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant.
c, extract of. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.).
c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum convallarice, U. S.
P.). Dose 2-1 1 min. (0.13-0.7 Co), o, infusion of,
prepared with three times its weight of water. Dose
£-2 oz. (15-60 Co).

convallarin (kon-val '-ar-in) [convallaria], C34H62O11.
A crystalline purgative glucoside derived from
Convallaria majalis.

convection (kon-vek'-shun) [convehere, to carry
together]. A transmission or carrying, as of heat or
electricity, c.-current, a current of a liquid or gas
heated to a temperature above that of the sur-
rounding medium; it rises to the surface because of
its lesser density, and thus the entire fluid or gas
acquires the same temperature.

convergence (kon-ver'-jens) [con, together; verger e,
to incline]. Inclination or direction toward a com-
mon point, center, or focus, as of the axes of vision
upon the near-point, c.-stimulus adduction, the
power of adduction of the eyes, provoked by fixation
of the gaze upon an object placed at the near-
point.

convergent {kon-ver'-jent) [see convergence]. Tend-
ing to a common point or center, c. strabismus.
See strabismus, convergent.

converter (kon-vert'-er). See alternator.

convex Qzon-veks') [convexus, vaulted]. Rounded,

CONVEXITY

248

COPPER

as a swelling of a round or spherical form on the
external surface; gibbous; opposed to concave.

convexity (kon-veks'-it-e) [see convex], A surface
rounding outward; the quality of being convex.

convexoconcave (kon-veks-o-kon-kav'). See con-
cavoconvex.

convexoconvex (kon-veks-o-kon-veks'). Having two
convex surfaces; biconvex. See lens, biconvex.

convolute (kon'-vo-lut) or convoluted (kon-vo-W-
led) [convolutus, rolled together]. Rolled together.
c. bones. See turbinated bones.

convolution (kon-vo-lu'-shun) [convolvere, to roll
together]. A fold, twist, or coil of any organ,
especially any one of the prominent convex parts of
the brain, separated from each other by depressions
or sulci, c, angular, the posterior part of a con-
volution situated between the intraparietal fissure in
front and above, and the horizontal limb of the
Sylvian fissure and the hinder part of the first part
of the first temporal fissure below. The anterior
part is called the supramarginal convolution, c.s,
annectant, small convolutions which connect the
occipital with the temporosphenoid and parietal lobes.
c, anterior central, c, ascending frontal, the con-
volution in front of the fissure of Rolando, c,
ascending parietal, the convolution just behind the
fissure of Rolando, c, Broca's, the inferior or third
frontal convolution, c, fornicate, a long convo-
lution on the mesial surface of the brain above the
corpus callosum. c.s, frontal, the convolutions of
the frontal lobe, c, hippocampal, the part of the
fornicate convolution that winds around the splenium
of the corpus callosum. c.s, insular, the small
convolutions composing the island of Reil. c,
marginal, the mesial surface of the first frontal con-
volution, c.s, occipital, the convolutions making up
the occipital lobe, c, paracentral, a convolution
on the mesial surface of the brain, representing the
junction of the upper ends of the ascending frontal
and ascending parietal convolutions, c.s, parietal,
the convolutions of the parietal lobe, c, posterior
central. See c, ascending parietal, c, supramarginal.
See c, angular, c.s, temporal, the convolutions of
the temporal lobe, c, uncinate, the hook-like
termination of the fornicate convolution.

convolvulin (kon-voV -vu-lin) [convolvere, to roll
together], C31H50O16. A glucoside derived from the
roots of jalap (Convolvulus purga). It is a gummy
mass, with active purgative properties.

Convolvulus (kon-vol'-vu-lus) [convolvere, to roll
together]. A genus of plants. C. panduratus, wild
potato. The tuber is a mild cathartic. Dose gr. xl.
C. purga. See jalap. C. scammonia, scammony.

convulsant (kon-vul'-sant) [see convulsion]. A
medicine that causes convulsions.

convulsio cerealis (kon-vuV -she-o se-re-a'-lis) [L.].

1. Convulsion caused by ingestion of a cereal.

2. Convulsion of arms and legs from spoiled corn;
ergotism.

convulsion (kon-vuV '-shun) [convellere, to convulse].
An involuntary general paroxysm of muscular con-
traction. It is either tonic (without relaxation) or
clonic (having alternate contractions of opposite
groups of muscles), c, epileptiform, one charac-
terized by total loss of consciousness, c, hysterical,
one due to hysteria; consciousness is only apparently
lost, c, infantile, due to a number of causes such
as rickets, exhaustion, etc. ; sometimes called "scream-
ing fits." c, local, one affecting one muscle, mem-
ber, or part of a member, c, mimetic, c, mimic, a
facial convulsion, c, oscillating, c, oscillatory, one
in which the separate fiber-bundles of a muscle are
affected successively and not simultaneously, c,
puerperal. See eclampsia, c, salaam, eclampsia
nutans, q. v. c, suffocative, laryngismus stridulus.
c, tetanic, general tonic convulsions without loss of
consciousness, c, tonic. See spasm, tonic. c,
toxic, one due to the action of some toxic agent upon
the nervous system, c, uremic, one that occurs in
kidney disease due to retention in the blood of
matters that should be eliminated by the kidney.

convulsionary (kon-vul'-shun-a-re) [convellere, to
convulse]. One who is subject to convulsions;
especially one of a set of patients who are subject
to epidemic or imitative convulsions.

convulsivant (con-vul'-siv-ant) [convellere, to con-
vulse]. An agent that causes convulsions.

convulsive (kon-vuV -siv) . Of the nature of, or
marked by, convulsions or spasms, c. cerebral
typhus. See Dubini's disease, c. cough. See cyno-

bex hebetica. c. tic. See habit-spasm, c. tremor.
See paramyoclonus.

coolie-itch (koo'-le). Ankylostomiasis; water-itch.

Cooper's arsenious ointment, an ointment com-
posed of arsenious acid and sulphur, each one part,
and spermaceti cerate, eight parts. C.'s disease
[Sir Astley Paston Cooper, English surgeon, 1768-
1841]. See Reclus' disease. C.'s fascia. 1. The
fascia trans versalis. 2. The cellular layer beneath
the dartos. C.'s hernia, encysted hernia of the
tunica vaginalis. C.'s irritable breast, mastodynia
neuralgica; neuralgia of the breast. C.'s irritable
testicle, neuralgia of the testis. C.'s ligament.
1. The lower, thickened portion of the fascia trans-
versalis, which is attached to the spine of the pubis
and the iliopectineal eminence. 2. Arciform, liga-
mentous fibers extending from the base of the ole-
cranon to the coronoid process on the inner aspect
of the elbow-joint. C.'s operation. For ligation of
the external iliac artery; an incision four or five inches
long is made parallel with Poupart's ligament, and
nearly an inch above it, commencing just outside
the center of the ligament and extending outward
and upward beyond the anterior superior iliac spine.
C.'s suspensory ligaments, the fibrous processes that
connect the capsule of the convex surface of the
mammary gland with the overlying skin.

coopers' knee. An enlarged bursa patella? found
in coopers, as the result of pressure exerted by the
knee against the barrel.

coordination (ko-or-din-a'-shun) [con, together;
ordinare, to regulate]. The harmonious activity and
proper sequence of operation of those parts that
cooperate in the performance of any function.

coordinator 4Jko-or' -din-a-ior) [see coordination].
The part of the nervous system regulating coordina-
tion, c, oculonuchal, Spitzka's name for the part
of the postero-longitudinal fasciculus below the
floor of the fourth ventricle.

coossify (ko-os'-if-i) [con, together; os, bone;
facere, to make]. To grow together as one bone,
said of bones or parts of bone usually separate.

copaiba (ko-pa'-e-bah) [Sp.]. Balsam of copaiba.
The oleoresin of Copaifera officinalis, C. coriacea,
C. guianensis, C. multijuga, C. cordifolia, C. laxa,
C. nitida, C. oblongifolia, and C. langsdorffii, legumi-
nous trees, native to South America. It is a stimu-
lant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an expectorant, and, is
much used in gonorrhea. Syn., copaiva. c, balsam
of. See copaiba, c, East Indian. See Gurjun
balsam, c, mass of, copaiba, 04; magnesia, 6 parts.
Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0) Gin., c, mixture of,
compound, Lafayette's mixture: copaiba, 7 dr.; oil
of cubebs, 1 dr.; glycerite of yolk of egg, 7 dr.;
triturate and add syrup, 2§ oz.; then add, with
constant stirring, solution of potassium hydroxide,
% oz.; compound tincture of cardamom, 2 dr.; sweet
spirit of niter, £ oz.; enough peppermint-water to
make 8 oz. Dose 1 dr.-f oz. (4-16 Cc). c, oil of
(oleum copaibcB, U. S. P.), a colorless substance con-
stituting about one-half of copaiba, and used for
the same purposes. Dose 10-15 min. (0.65-1.0
Cc). c, resin of, the residue after distilling off the
volatile oil of copaiba, mainly copaibic acid. Dose
1-5 gr. (0.065-0.3 Gm.).

cophosis (ko-fo'-sis) [kw<£6s, deaf]. Deafness or
dulness of hearing.

copiopia (ko-pe-o'-pe-ah) [koitos, a straining; &\J/,
eye]. Eye-strain; weariness of the eyes. c. hys-
terica, a term applied to those symptoms that indi-
cate hyperesthesia of the fifth and optic nerves.

copodyskinesia (kop-o-dis-kin-e'-ze-ah) [kottos, toil,
fatigue; dvs, hard; kIvt}o-vs, motion]. Difficult or
faulty motion due to constant repetition of the same
act. Professional spasm, or occupation neurosis.

copos (kop'-os) [koitos, fatigue]. 1. Lassitude;
exhaustion after illness. 2. Cramp in the calves of
the legs. ■

copper (kop'-er). Cuprum. Symbol, Cu; atomic
weight, 63.57. A reddish-brown metal existing in
nature chiefly in the form of copper pyrites, which is
a double salt of copper and iron sulphide. Various
salts are used in medicine. In toxic doses they are
gastrointestinal irritants. In therapeutic doses they
are used as astringents in inflammation of mucous
membranes. They are also employed as emetics,
and, externally, as caustics. See elements, table of
chemical, c. acetate, Cu(C2Hs02)2, verdigris, used in
pulmonary diseases and as a lotion in skin diseases.
Dose xV"! gr. (0.0065-0.016 Gm.). c. acetoarsenite,

COPPERAS

249

CORD

Paris-green, used as a pigment and an insecticide.
c. acetophosphate, employed in chlorosis and amenor-
rhea, c.-alum. See c, aluminated. c, aluminated,
a combination of sulphates of copper and aluminum
and potassium nitrate, occurring as a green powder;
a mild caustic used in ophthalmia. Syn., copper-
alum; lapis divinus. c. amalgam, a metallic filling-
material composed of copper and mercury, c. am-
moniate, ammonium carbonate, 3; copper sulphate,
4 parts; useful in chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose |— 1 gr.
(0.01-0.065 Gm.). c. ammoniosulphate, c. and
ammonium sulphate, obtained by dissolving copper
sulphate in ammonia-water and precipitating with
alcohol. It is antispasmodic and astringent. Dose
\-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily with
tincture of opium after meals; maximum dose 5 gr.
(0.3 Gm.) single; 10 gr. (0.6 Gm ) a day. Application
for gleet, etc., 0.2 to 1 % solution or ointment, c.
arsenate, a blue powder obtained from ammonium
arsenate with copper sulphate. It is used as an
alterative in syphilis. Dose -^-\ gr. (0.002-0.008
Gm.). c. arsenite, a salt valuable in intestinal
diseases. Dose Tio gr. (0.00065 Gm.). c. carbonate,
a compound of copper and carbonic acid. c. nitrate
Cu(N03)3H20, is used for the same purposes as the
sulphate, c.-nose. Synonym of acne rosacea, c.
nucleinate, a compound of nucleol and copper oxide
containing 6 % of copper; it occurs as a fine powder
and is used in chronic conjunctivitis. Syn., cuprol.
c. oleate, Cu(Ci8H3302)2, a mixture of 10 % copper
oxide dissolved in oleic acid, forming a' greenish-blue,
granular powder, soluble in ether. It is applied to
indolent ulcers; ointment, 10 to 20 % in lanolin.
c. oxide, a compound of copper, and oxygen, c. oxide,
black, CuO, a brownish-black, amorphous powder
obtained from copper nitrate or copper carbonate by
ignition. It is used as a teniafuge. Dose f-if gr.
(0.05-0. 1 1 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in pills for two
weeks, abstaining from acid food. Externally it is
used as an ointment with lard in treatment of chronic
glandular induration. It is also employed in organic
analysis. Syn., copper monoxide, c. oxide, red,
CU2O, a dark-brown, crystalline powder. Syn., cop-
per hemioxide; copper suboxide, c. phosphate,
CUHPO4, a bluish-green powder. It is used in
tuberculosis. Dose f— | gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.)
several times daily, c, reaction for. See Schoenbein.
c. sulphate (cupri sulphas, U. S. P.), CuS04 . 5H2O,
soluble in water, valuable as an emetic tonic, and
astringent. Dose, as an emetic, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32
Gm.); as a tonic, |-f gr. (0.01-0.032 Gm.). c.
sulphocarbolate, CuC6H(S04)2+6H20, green crystals
soluble in water and alcohol. Syn., cupriaseptol.

copperas (kop'-er-as) [cupri rosa, rose of copper(?)].
A common name for ferrous sulphate, FeS04+7H20.

copra (kop'-rah) [Hind.]. The dried and crushed
kernel of the cocoanut, from which cocoa-oil is
expressed, c. itch, a peculiar eruption noticed in
persons working in copra mills in Ceylon. The erup-
tion generally begins on the hands, and spreads to the
arms, legs, and trunk, but does not affect the face.

copragogue (kop'-rag-og) [icoirpos, dung; iywy 6s,
leading]. A remedy to carry off feces; a purgative.

copraol (kop'-ra-ol) [copra, the dried kernel of the
cocoanut]. A solid fat, derived from the cocoanut,
and used as a substitute for cacao-butter in making
suppositories. It melts at 30.3 ° C.

copremia (kop-re'-me-ah) [icoirpos, dung; atp.a,
blood]. A form of general blood-poisoning arising
from chronic constipation. The symptoms are an-
emia, sallow complexion, anorexia, frontal headache,
vertigo, nausea, flatulence, thirst, fetid breath,
lassitude, hypochondriasis, and irritability of temper.

copremesis (kop-rem'-es-is) [icoirpos, dung; e/zeo-is,
vomiting]. The vomiting of fecal matter.

copro- (kop-ro-) [xo-n-pos, dung]. A prefix meaning
relating to the feces or to dung.

coproctic (kop-rok'-tik) [/compos, feces]. Relating
to feces; fecal.

coprolalia (kop-ro-la'-le-ah) [copro-; XaXtd, speech].
The use of filthy and offensive language when a
manifestation of disease.

coprolith (kop'-ro-lith) [copro-; \l0os, a stone].
A hard mass of fecal matter in the bowels.

coprophagy (kop-rof'-a-je) [copro-; <payelv, to eat].
The eating of feces, a symptom seen in insane and
hysterical patients.

coprophilous (kop-roff'-il-us) [icoirpos, dung; <f>C\os,
loving]. Fond of feeding or growing upon fecal
matter; said of certain bacteria.

coproplanesis (kop-ro-plan-e'-sis) [copro-; ■n-Xdfijo'ts,
wandering]. Escape of feces through a fistula or
other abnormal opening.

coprorrhea (kop-ror-e'-ah) [icoirpos, dung; pktw, to
flow]. Synonym of diarrhea.

coprostasia (kop-ro-sta'-se-ah) . See coprostasis.

coprostasis (kop-ros'-tas-is) [copro-; o-rcuris, a
standing]. The accumulation of fecal matter in the
bowel.

coptine (kop'-ten) [Kowreiv, to cut]. A colorless
alkaloid of goldthread. See coptis.

coptis (kop'-tis) [Koirreiv, to cut]. Goldthread.
The root of C. trifolia, a simple bitter tonic resembling
quassia. It contains coptine, an alkaloid closely
allied to berberine. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.).

copula (kop'-u-lah) [L., "a band"]. 1. The
copula alba cerebri, an anterior commissure of the
cerebrum. 2. A thin lamina joining the rostrum
with the terma. 3. Same as sporont or oocyst.
4. Same as amboceptor. 5. Sexual intercourse.

copulation (kop-u-la'-shun) [copulare, to couple].
The act of sexual intercourse.

coqueluche (kok-lush') [Fr., a hood or cowl].
Synonym of influenza; also of whooping-cough.

coquilles (ko-kel') [Fr.]. A variety of dark eye-
glasses curved like shells.

cor (kor) [L.; gen., cordis]. The heart. See heart.
c. adiposum, a heart with a simple excess of the
normal subpericardial fat. c. bovinum. See bovine
heart, c. hirsutum, c. hispidum, c. tomentosum.
See c. villosum. c. membranaceum, the auricular
part of the heart, c. mobile, a heart which changes
its position with the change of posture of the indi-
vidual, c. villosum, hairy heart; the peculiar shaggy
appearance presented by the heart in acute plastic
pericarditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in
long shreds.

coraco- (kor-ak-o-) [ic6pa%, a crow]. Pertaining to
the coracoid process.

coracoacromial (kor-ak-o-ak-ro'-me-aF). Relating
to the coracoid process and the acromion.

coracobrachialis (kor-ak-o-bra-ke-al'-is). See under
muscle.

coracoclavicular (kor-ak-o-klav-ik'-u-lar). Relating
to the coracoid process and the clavicle. Syn.,
omoclavicular .

coracohumeral (kor-ak-o-hu'-mer-al). Relating to
the coracoid process and the humerus.

coracohyoid (kor-ak-o-hi'-oid). 1. Relating to the
coracoid process and the hyoid bone. 2. The
omohyoid muscle.

coracoid (kor'-ak-oid) [coraco-; eldos, likeness].
1. Having the shape of a crow's beak. 2. The
coracoid process, c. ligament, a triangular ligament
joining the coracoid process to the acromion, c.
notch, the notch in the upper border of the scapula.
c. process, a beak-shaped process of the scapula.

coracopectoralis (kor-ak-o-pek-tor-a'-lis). The pec-
toralis minor muscle. See muscles, table of.

coracoscapular (kor-ak-o-skap'-u-lar) . Relating
to the coracoid process of the scapula and to some
other portion of the scapula.

coral (kor'-al). The hard substance secreted by
marine polyps, c. calculus, a peculiar dendritic
form of calculus found in the pelvis of the kidney,
and forming a complete mold of the infundibula
and calices.

cord (chorda, a string]. 1. A tendon; any string-
like body. 2. Used as a synonym for the umbilical
cord, the vascular, cord-like^ structure connecting the
placenta and fetus, c, axis-. See primitive streak.
c, bioplasson, a reticulum formed by branching
cells, c, colic, transverse, Glenard's term for that
portion of the transverse colon which becomes hard
and rigid as the result of a stoppage of fecal matter
by the kinking of the colon near its attachment by
the pylorocolic ligament, c, dorsal, the notochord.
c, false, c, superior (vocal), a fold of mucous mem-
brane on either side of the middle line of the larynx,
inclosing the superior thyroarytenoid ligament, c,
genital, Thiersch's name for an embryonic structure
formed from the two Wolffian ducts and the Muellerian
ducts, c. of Hippocrates, the Achilles tendon, c,
lumbosacral, a nerve-trunk formed from the divisions
of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves, c, muscular,
a cord-like prominence of a muscle due to morbid
excitability of its fibers, c, presentation of, descent
of the umbilical cord between the presenting part
and the membranes at the beginning of labor, c,
prolapse of, descent of the umbilical cord at the

CORDATE

250

CORNICULUM

rupture of the bag of waters: incomplete, if remaining
in the vagina, complete, if protruding therefrom.
c.s, sonorous, the semicircular canals of the internal
ear. c. spermatic. See spermatic cord, c, spinal.
See spinal cord, c, true, vocal c, vocal, the vocal
band. ( See under larynx.

cordate (kor'-dat) [cor]. Heart-shaped.

cordein (kor'-de-in). A white, crystalline sub-
stance used as an analgesic and antiseptic. Syn.,
methyltribromsalol.

Cordia {kor'-de-ah) [E. and V. Cordus, German
physicians (1486-153 5 and 1515-1544)]- A genus
of shrubs and trees of the order Boraginacece. C.
aubletti is indigenous to Guiana; the leaves are used
as an application to tumors and skin diseases.
C. myxa is indigenous to the East Indies, but culti-
vated in Arabia and Egypt. The fruit is used in
coughs, the powdered bark in ringworm, the root as a
purgative.

cordial (kord'-yal) [cor]. 1. Pertaining to the
heart; exhilarant; stimulant. 2. An aromatic, spir-
ituous stimulant.

cordiale (kor-de-a'-le) [L.]. A cordial, c. rubi
fructus. See blackberry cordial.

cordiform (kor '-de-form) [cor; forma, form].
Cordate; shaped like a heart.

cordite {kor'-dlt). A smokeless gun-powder con-
sisting of gun-cotton dissolved in acetone and nitro-
glycerin.

cordol (kor'-dol). See salol tribromide.

cordon (kor'-don) [Fr., a cord or rope]. A line
of posts to enforce a quarantine against a place
infected with an epidemic disease.

cordyl (kor'-dil). See acetyl tribromsalol.

core (kor). 1. The central slough of a boil or
carbuncle. 2. The axial or central portion of the
terminal corpuscle in a nerve. 3. A bundle of soft
iron wires used as a magnet in the center of a coil.
c, atomic. See coelectron. 4. (kor'-eh) [/cop?;, the
pupil]. The pupil of the eye.

coreclisis, corecleisis (kor-ek-li'-sis) [/cop?;, the
pupil; /cXeco-is, a closure]. Pathological closure or
obliteration of the pupil.

corectasis (kor-ek'-ta-sis) [core (4) ; e/cra<r«, a stretch-
ing out]. Dilatation of the pupil.

corectome (kor-ek'-tom) [core (4); eKrefivew, to cut
out]. An instrument used in iridectomy.

corectomedialysis (kor-ek-to-me-di-al'-is-is). See
iridectomy and coredialysis.

corectomy (kor-ek'-to-me) [core (4); lureiivkiv, to
cut out]. See iridectomy, and pupil, artificial.

corectopia (kor-ek-to'-pe-ah) [core (4); 2kto7tos,
misplaced]. An anomalous position of the pupil;
displacement of the pupil.

coredialysis (kor-e-di-al'-is-is) [core (4); SiAXwns,
dialysis]. The production of an artificial pupil at
the ciliary border of the iris.

corediastasis (kor-e-di-as'-tas-is) [core (4) ; 5ia<rracra,
dilatation]. Dilatation of the pupil.

corelysis (kor-el'-is-is) [core (4) ; Xiio-is, a loosening].
The detachment of iritic adhesions to the lens or to
the cornea.

coremorphosis (kor-e-mor-fo'-sis) [core (4); poptpco-
<ns, formation]. The operation for establishing an
artificial pupil.

corenclisis (kor-en-kli'-sis) [core (4); iyiiheZais,
inclusion]. The formation of a new pupil by dis-
placement, the iris being drawn aside and in part
excised.

coreometer (kor-e-om'-et-er) [core (4); n'erpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the pupil
of the eye. *

coreometry (kor-e-om'-et-re) [see coreometer]. The
measurement of the pupil of the eye.

coreoncion (kor-e-on'-se-on). A double-hooked iris-
forceps.

coreoplasty (kor'-e-o-plas-te) [core (4); ir\d<xaeiv,
to form]. Any operation for forming an artificial
pupil.

coretomodialysis (kor-et-o-mo-di-al'-is-is). See iri-
dectomy.

coretomy (kor-et'-o-me) [core (4); renveiv, to cut].
Iridotomy or iridectomy; any surgical cutting
operation on the iris.

coriaceous (kor-e-a' -she-us) [corium, leather].
1. Leathery, tough. 2. Of a bacterial culture, one
which will not yield to the platinum needle.

coriamyrtin (ko-re-am-er'-tin) [Coriaria myrtifolia,
myrtle], C30H36O10. An exceedingly poisonous prin-
ciple, a glucoside, obtained from the fruit of Coriaria

myrtifolia. A cardiac stimulant. Maximum dose
& gr. (0.001 Gm.).

coriander, coriandrum (ko-re-an'-der, ko-re-an'-
drum) [Koplawov, coriander]. Coriander-seed. The
coriandrum of the U. S. P. is the dried ripe fruit of
Coriandrum sativum, an aromatic, carminative, and
stimulant, used mainly to give flavor to other reme-
dies and as a corrective to griping purgatives. Dose
10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). c, oil of (oleum coriandri,
U. S. P.), the volatile oil. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-
0.32 Cc).

coriandrol (kor-e-an'-drol), CioHisO. The chief
constituent of oil of coriander; a liquid isomeric
with borneol.

Coriaria (ko-re-a'-re-ah) [L.]. A genus of poisonous
shrubs of several species, having a wide geographical
distribution. C. myrtifolia, used in dyeing and
tanning, has poisonous berries and shoots. The seeds
and shoots of C. sarmentosa of New Zealand afford
what is called toot-poison. The memory is said to
be impaired after recovery from poisoning by this
plant.

coridin (kor'-id-in), C10H15N. A liquid base
obtained from the distillation of bones.

corisol (kor'-is-ol). A preparation of suprarenal
capsule said to be useful in catarrh of the naso-
pharynx.

corium (ko'-re-um) [L., "a hide; leather"}. The
deep layer of the skin. See skin. c. phlogisticum.
Same as crusta phlogistica, q. v.

corm (korm) [xopp.6s, the trunk of a tree]. The
bulbous underground part of certain plants, as the
crocus.

corn (korn) [cornu, horn]. A local induration and
thickening of the skin from friction or pressure.
See clavus. c.-silk. See Zea mays, c.-smut. See
ustilago. c.-starch, the commercial name of a
starch derived from maize, and extensively used
as an article of food, especially for invalids.

Cornaro's diet. A diet for indigestion and the
results of riotous living, devised by Luigi Cornaro, a
Venetian gentleman of the seventeenth cenntury.
It consisted of a daily allowance of bread, meat, and
yolk of egg, amounting to 12 ounces in all. With
this he took 14 ounces of a light Italian wine each day.

cornea (kor'-ne-ah) [corneus, horny]. The trans-
parent anterior portion of the eyeball, its area
occupying about one-sixth the circumference of the
globe. It is continuous with the sclerotic, and is
nourished by lymph from the looped blood-vessels at
its peripheral border, c, conical. See keratoglobus.
c, transplantation of, the operation of engrafting a
section of transparent cornea from some animal into
the space of an excised portion of human cornea.

corneal (kor'-ne-al). Pertaining to the cornea.
c. corpuscles, stellate bodies in the corneal lacuna,
c. lacunae, c. spaces, stellate spaces in the corneal
lamellae between the corpuscles.

corneitis (kor-ne-i'-tis). See keratitis.

corneoblepharon (kor-ne-o-blef'-ar-on) [cornea; ble-
pharon]. Adhesion of the surface of the eyelid to
the cornea.

corneocalcareous (kor-ne-o-kal-ka'-re-us) [corneus,
horny; calcareus, pertaining to lime]. Formed of a
mixture of horny and calcareous substances.

corneoiritis (kor-ne-o-i-ri'-tis). See keratoiritis.

corneosclera (kor-ne-o-skle'-rah) [cornea; sclera].
The cornea and sclera taken together.

corneous (kor'-ne-us) [corneus, horny]. Horny or
horn-like. c. tissue, the substance of the nails.

cornet (kor-nef) [cornu]. 1. A small ear-trumpet
worn within the ear and sometimes concealed by the
hair of the wearer. 2. A bony layer, c, Bertin's,
c, sphenoid, the anterior part of the body of the
sphenoid bone.

corneum (kor-ne'-um). The stratum corneum or
horny layer of the skin.

corniculate (kor-nik' -u-lat) [cornu]. Furnished
with horns or horn-shaped appendages.

corniculum (kor-nik' -u-lum) [L. dim. of cornu, a
horn; pi., cornicula], A small cornu or horn-like
process, c. laryngis, a small, horn-shaped mass of
cartilage on the arytenoid cartilages; called also the
cartilages of Santorini. cornicula of the hyoid bone,
c. interna ossis hyoidei, the small cornua of the
hyoid. cornicula santoriniana. See c. laryngis.

cornification (kor-nif-ik-a'-shun) [cornu; facer e, to
make]. The process of hardening or making horny.

cornin (kor'-nin) [corneus, horny]. A precipitate
from the tincture of the bark of Dogwood, Cornus

CORNSTALK DISEASE

251

CORPOREAL

florida; it occurs in white silky, bitter crystals, and
is a tonic, stimulant, and astringent. Dose two to
four grains. 2. A bitter crystalline substance from
the bark of Cornus florida. Syn., cornic acid.

cornstalk disease of cattle and horses. A disease
caused by feeding on drystalks left standing in the
field after the corn has been gathered in the fall.
It has been attributed — (1) to corn-smut; (2) to
scarcity of salt and water; (3) to "dry murrain," a
hard and dry condition of the third stomach, sup-
posed to be morbid, though really normal; (4) to
the presence of potassium nitrate in the fodder;
(5) to the presence of a bacterium. Syn., broncho-
pneumonia bovis.

cornu (kor'-nu) [L.; pi., cornua]. A horn. A name
applied to any excrescence resembling a horn.
c. Ammonis, the hippocampus major of the brain.
c. anterius, the anterior horn. c. cervi, hartshorn or
ammonium hydroxide, c. cutaneum, a horn-like
excrescence arising from the skin. Syn., cornu
humanum. c, dental, a horn of the dental pulp.
These extensions form the body of the dental pulp,
which corresponds with the positions of the cusps of
the teeth, c. descendens, c. inferius, c. laterale,
c. magnum, c. medium, the medicornu, that pro-
longation of the lateral ventricle which, curving
outward around the back of the thalamus, descends
beneath it, and, extending forward and inward, ends
in the anterior extremity of the hippocampal gyrus.
c. dorsale, the dorsal projection of the mass of cinerea
seen upon each half of the spinal cord in transverse
section. Syn., crus Posticum; posterior cornu. c.
humanum. See c. cutaneum. c. inferius, the inferior
or descending horn. c. majus, greater horn. c.
minus, lesser horn. c. occipitale, c, posterius (of the
lateral ventricle), the postcornu, a conical prolonga-
tion of the lateral ventricle, curving outward, back-
ward, and inward into the occipital lobe. Syn.,
cavitas digitata; cornu ancyroide. c. superius, superior
horn, cornua of the uterus. 1. The lateral infundib-
uliform prolongations of the uterine cavity into
which the Fallopian tubes open. 2. The oviducts.
c. ventrale, the ventral projection of the mass of
cinerea seen upon each half of the spinal cord in
transverse section. Syn., crus anterius.

cornua (kor'-nu-ah) [L.j. Plural of cornu.

cornual (kor'-nu-al) [cornu]. Relating to a
cornu.

c. myelitis, myelitis affecting the anterior cornua of
the spinal cord.

cornucopia (kor-nu-ko'-pe-ah) [L., horn of plenty].
An offset of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle
into the lateral recess of the ventricle.

cornus (kor'-nus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark of
the root of C. florida, the properties of which are due
to a crystalline principle, cornin. It is a simple
stomachic bitter and slightly antiperiodic. Dose of
the fluidextr act 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc).

cornutine (kor'-nu-ten). An alkaloid, the active
principle of ergot. Dose ^ gr. (0.005 Gm.). c.
citrate. Dose ^g-rjj gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.) in
spermatorrhea.

cornutol (kor'-nu-tol). Trade name of a fluid-
extract of ergot, said to be aseptic and adopted
for hypodermic use.

coroclisis, corocleisis (ko-ro-kli'-sis) [see coreclisis].

corodialysis (kor-o-di-al'-is-is) [kopv, the pupil;
StdXvcns, loosening]. See iridodialysis.

corodiastasis (kor-o-di-as'-tas-is) Uopt], the pupil;
Sicwrrcuns, separation]. Dilatation of the pupil.

corometer (ko-rom'-et-er). Same as coreometer.

corona (ko-ro'-nah) [L., a "crown"]. 1. A crown.
2. The corona radiata. c. capitis, the crown of the
head, the top of the head. c. ciliaris, the ciliary
ligament, c. dentis, the crown of a tooth, c. glandis,
the ridge of the glans penis, c. radiata, a radiating
mass of white nerve-fibers ascending from the in-
ternal capsule to the cortex cerebri, corona? tubu-
lorum. See Lieberkiihn's crypts, c. veneris, a circle
of syphilitic blotches occurring on the forehead.

coronad (kor'-o-nad) [corona, the crown; ad, to].
Toward the coronal aspect of the head, or towards
any corona.

coronal (kor-o'-nal) [corona]. Encircling like a
crown; pertaining to the crown of the head. c. su-
ture, the suture joining the frontal with the two
parietal bones.

coronale (kor-o-na'-le) [L.]. 1. The frontal bone.
2. A point on the coronal suture where the frontal
diameter is greatest.

coronamen (kor-o-na'-men) [L., a crowning; pi.,
coronamina]. Same as coronet.

coronaria (kor-o-na'-re-ah). A coronary artery,
of the heart, or lips, or stomach, c. ventriculi, the
coronary artery of the stomach.

coronary (kor'-o-na-re) [corona], A term applied
to vessels, nerves, or attachments that encircle a
part or an organ, c. artery, one of the arteries around
the heart and lips; also the gastric artery, c. bone,
the small _ postern or median phalanx of a horse's
foot. c. ligament, a ligament of the knee; also one
of the liver, c. sinus, a passage for the blood into
the right auricle, c. valve, the valve protecting the
orifice of the coronary sinus.

corone (ko-ro'-ne). The coronoid process of the
inferior maxilla.

coronen (ko-ro'-nen) [corona, a crown]. Belonging
to the corona in itself.

coroner (kor'-o-ner) [coranator, a crown officer].
An officer who inquires by authority of the law
into the causes of sudden or violent deaths, c.'s
inquest, the legal inquiry before a jury into the cause
of a sudden or violent death.

coronet (kor'-o-net) [Ft., dim. of couronne, a crown].
1. In biology, a crowning circle of hairs. 2. In
veterinary surgery, the lowest part of the postern
of the hoof, also called coronamen.

Coronilla (kor-o-nil'-ah) [dim. of corona]. A genus
of leguminous herbs. C. scorpioides, an annual of
southern France, furnishes coronillin (q. v.). C. varia
is diuretic, purgative, and poisonous. It is used as a
succedaneum for digitalis in cardiac disease. An
aqueous extract and a powder of the fresh plant are
given in doses of if gr. (0.098 Gm.).

coronillin (kor-o-nil'-in) [see coronilla]. A gluco-
side, C7H12O3, from Coronilla scorpioides; it is a cardiac
tonic and diuretic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.06—0.13
Gm.).

coronion (ko-ro'-ne-on). The apex of the coronoid
process of the inferior maxilla.

coronitis (kor-o-ni'-tis). Inflammation of the
coronary substance of the horse's hoof.

coronium (ko-ro'-ne-um). A supposed element,
said to be lighter than hydrogen, and believed to
exist in volcanic gases.

coronobasilar (kor-o-no-bas'-il-ar) [corona, a crown;
basis, the base]. Extending from the coronal suture
to the basilar aspect of the head.

coronofacial (kor-o-no-fa'-shal) [corona; fades,
face]. Relating to the crown of the head and to the
face.

coronoid (kor'-o-noid) [corona or Kopuvr), a crow;
eZSos, likeness]. Crown-shaped or crow-shaped, as
the coronoid process of the ulna or of the jaw.

coroparelcysis {kor-o-par-eV -si-sis) [kopv, the pupil;
irapekKvais, a drawing aside]. Operative displace-
ment of the pupil to remedy partial opacity of the
cornea by bringing it opposite a transparent part.

coroplasty (ko'-ro-plas-te). Same as coreplasty.

corophthisis {ko-roff'-this-is) [kopij, pupil; fdlcns,
a wasting]. Habitual or permanent contraction of
the pupil due to a wasting disease of the eye.

coroscopy (kor-os'-ko-pe). See retinoscopy.

corpora (kor'-por-ah) [pi. of corpus, a body]. A
general term applied to certain parts of the body
having a rounded or ovoid shape, c. albicantia,
two white masses in the interpeduncular space at
the base of the brain, the projections of the anterior
pillars of the fornix, c. amylacea, certain bodies
found in nervous and other tissues after death; they
are probably the result of degeneration, c. aranacea,
a granular substance occurring at times in the masses
of papilloma. Syn., sand-bodies, c. Arantii. See Ar-
antius. c. cavernosa, the cylindrical bodies of erectile
tissue forming the chief part of the penis. Also,
the two masses of erectile tissue composing the
clitoris, c. geniculata. See geniculate bodies, c.
globosa cervicis uteri, cysts of the neck of the uterus,
Nabothian cysts, c. olivaria, the two oval masses
behind the pyramids of the oblongata, c. pyra-
midalia, the two bundles of white matter of the
oblongata, c. quadrigemina, the optic lobes of the
brain, the four rounded eminences situated under
the corpus callosum. The anterior pair are called
the nates, and the posterior, the testes, c. resti-
formia, the cord-like bodies extending between the
oblongata and the cerebrum, c. sesamoidea. Same
as c. Arantii. c. striata, two gray bodies in the
lateral ventricles of the brain.

corporeal (kor-por'-e-al) [corpus, a body]. Per-

CORPSE

252

CORRIGAN'S BUTTON

taining to the body. c. endometritis. See endo-
metritis.

corpse {korps) [corpus, a body]. A cadaver, a
dead body.

corpulence, corpulency {kor'-pu-lens, -se) [corpu-
lentus, corpulent]. Obesity; fatness of the body.

corpulent {kor'-pil-lent) [corpulentus, corpulent].
Excessively fat; obese.

corpulin (kor'-pu-lin). A remedy for obesity said
to constis of bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosis) ,
tamarinds, and cascara sagrada.

corpus (kor'-pus) [L., "a body"; pi., corpora (q. v.)].

1. A body; the human body. 2. The body or shaft
of a bone or other structure, c. annulare, the pons
Varolii, c. bigeminum, an optic lobe. c. callosum,
the broad band of white matter uniting the hemi-
spheres of the cerebrum, c. caudatum, a ganglion
or free ring of gray matter circling around the len-
ticular nucleus of the brain. It is massive in the
frontal portion, but becomes attenuated caudad; the
anterior portion is called the head; the posterior, the
tail. c. cavernosum urethrae, the corpus spongiosum.
c. cavernosum vaginae, the spongy tissue of the
vagina, c. ciliare, the ciliary body, that part of the
middle coat of the eye comprising the ciliary muscles
and processes, c. dentatum. 1. See olivary body.

2. The central folded gray nucleus of the cerebellum.
c. fibrosum, a tough, semiopaque body occurring in
the ovary, due to some fibrous change in the corpus
luteum. c. fimbriatum, the lateral thin edge of the
taenia hippocampi, c. geniculatum, a tubercle of
the lower portion of the optic thalamus, c. High-
morianum. See Highmore, body of. c. luteum, the
yellow body formed in the ovary in the site of a
Graafian vesicle after the escape of the ovum. c.
luteum, false, that resulting when pregnancy does
not occur. Syn., corpus luteum of menstruation.
c. luteum, true, that resulting when pregnancy takes
place. Syn., corpus luteum of pregnancy, c. mam-
millare. See corpora albicantia. c. pampiniforme,
the parovarium, c. phacoide, the cystalline lens.
c. pyramidale, the pyramid of the oblongata, c.
rhomboidale. The same as c. dentatum. c. spongi-
osum, the spongy part of the penis encircling the
urethra, c. striatum, a mass of gray matter extending
into the lateral ventricles of the brain and composed
of the caudate and lenticular nuclei.

corpuscle (kor'-pus-l) [dim. of corpus], 1. A small
body or particle. 2. A molecule or atom. 3. A cell.
4. A blood cell, c, axile, c, axis-, the central
portion of a tactile corpuscle. Syn., axile body.
c.s, Babes-Ernst's. See Babes-Ernst's bodies, c.s,
Bennett's. See Bennett's corpuscles, cs, Bizzo-
zero's. See Bizzozero's blood-platelets, c.s, blood-,
red, biconcave, nonnucleated discs, circular in out-
line, and containing red coloring-matter, termed
hemoglobin, to which the color of the blood is due.
Red corpuscles have been divided, according to their
size, into normocytes (normal in size), megalocytes
(of excessive size), microcytes (abnormally small),
and poikilocytes (of irregular shape and size). The
red corpuscles in the blood of man are about ^^5
inch in diameter and xsi^o inch thick, and their
number is about 5,000,000 to each cubic millimeter of
blood. They consist of a colorless stroma infiltrated
with the coloring-matter (hemoglobin), c.s, blood-,
white (or colorless), flattened cells, about ^sVcr inch
in diameter, existing in the ratio of 1 : 500 compared
with red corpuscles. Their protoplasm is granular;
they have one or more nuclei and no cell-wall. They
possess contractile power and alter their shape
readily. The colorless corpuscles are variously
designated as eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, mono-
nuclear, polynuclear, lymphocytes, transitional, large,
small, etc. c, bone-, an osteoblast, c.s, Burck-
hardt's. See Burckhardt's corpuscles, c.s, cancroid,
the pearly bodies of squamous epithelioma, c,
cartilage. See cartilage, c.s, chorea. See under
chorea, c.s, chromophile. See Nissl's bodies, c.s,
chyle, lymph-corpuscles, c.s, colostrum. See col-
ostrum corpuscles, c.s, concentric. See HassaU's
bodies, c.s, corneal, connective-tissue corpuscles
containing an oval nucleus and furnished with
numerous branching processes occurring within the
fibrous groundwork of the cornea. Syn., Toynbee's
corpuscles; Virchow's corpuscles, c, cytoid, a leuko-
cyte, c, Davaine's. See Bacillus anthracis under
Bacilli, c.s of Donne. See colostrum corpuscles.
c.s,_Drysdale's ovarian. See under Drysdale. c.s,
genital, special nerve-endings in the external genitalia.

c.s, ghost-, phantom-corpuscles, c.s, Gierke's. See
under Gierke, c.s, Golgi's. See under Golgi. c, Golgi-
Mazzoni's. See under Mazzoni. c.s, Grandry's.
See under Grandry. c.s, Hassall's. See HassaU's
bodies. c, Hayem's. See achromacyte. c.s,
Herbst's. See under Herbst. c.s, Jaworski's. . See
under Jaworski. c.s, Key and Retzius'. See under
Key. c.s, Krause's. See Krause's corpuscles, c.s,
Langerhans' stellate. See under Langerhans. c.s,
Leber's. See Gierke's c.s. c.s, Lostorfer's. See
under Lostorfer. c.s, lymph-, nucleated ameboid
cells found in lymph and chyle. Upon entering the
blood with the lymph they are called white blood-
corpuscles. The smaller ones have little if any
ameboid movement, and are sometimes spoken of as
free nuclei on account of their small cell-body;
some of these corpuscles are coarsely granular and
are therefore called granular cells, c, Malpighian
(of the kidney). See Malpighian corpuscles, c.s,
Malpighian (of the spleen). See Malpighian cor-
puscles, c, Mazzoni's. See under Mazzoni. c.s,
Meissner's. See c.s, tactile- (1). c.s, Merkel's.
See Grandry's c.s. c.s, Miescher's. See Miescher's
tubes, c.s, milk-, of v. Kolliker, cells containing
fat-globules observed in the acini of the mammary
gland and breaking up into milk-globules on reaching
the lactiferous ducts, c.s, Montgomery's. See
Montgomery' s glands, c, Morgagni's. See Morgag-
ni's globules, c, nerve, nerve-cells, c.s, Norris*
invisible. See under Norris. c.s, Nunn's. See
Bennett's c.s. c.s, Pacinian. See Pacinian's c.s.
c.s, Patterson's. See under Patterson, c, pave-
ment-. See cells, endothelial, c.s, phantom-. De-
colorized blood-corpuscles; and see blood-platelets.
c, polar-, the centrosome. c.s, Reissner's. See
under Reissner. c, Rollett's nerve-. See Mazzoni's
, c. c.s, • shadow-. See achromacyte. c.s, spleen-,
c.s, splenic. See Malpighian corpuscles, c.s, tac-
tile-. 1. {Of Wagner.) The small, oval bodies
found in the papillae] of the skin and enveloped by
nerve-fibers. 2. See Grandry's c.s. c, taste-. See
taste-bud. c.s, terminal. See Krause's c.s. c.s,
touch-. See c.s, tactile-, c.s, Toynbee's. See under
Toynbee. c.s, transparent, of Norris. See Norris'
c.s, invisible, c.s, Traube's. See achromacyte. c.s,
typhic, the epithelial cells of Peyer's patches which
in typhoid fever have become granulated through
degeneration, c.s, Vater's, c.s, Vater-Pacini's.
See Pacinian cs. c.s, Virchow's. See c.s, corneal.
c, Zimmermann's. See under Zimmermann.

corpuscula (kor-pus'-ku-lah) [L.]. Plural of cor-
pusculum.

corpuscular {kor-pus'-ku-lar) [corpuscle]. Relating
to or of the nature of a corpuscle.

corpusculation (kor-pus-ku-la'-shun) [corpusculum,
a corpuscle]. A condition in which the corpuscles
of the blood have undergone hyperplasia, being larger
and more numerous than normal.

corpusculous (kor-pus'-ku-lus) [corpusculum, a
corpuscle]. Corpuscular.

corpusculum (kor-pus'-ku-lum) [L. dim. of corpus;
pi., corpuscula]. A little body; a corpuscle, c.
articulare mobile. See arthrolith. corpuscula ossea,
ca. radiata, ca. chalicophora. See bone. c. lamel-
losum. See Pacinian corpuscles, c. triticeum. See
cartilago triticea. corpuscula Wrisbergii, the cunei-
form cartilages.

corradiation {kor-ra-de-a'-shun). The act of
radiating together, as focused rays.

correctant, corrective {kor-ek'-tant, kor-ek'-liv)
[corrigere, to correct]. 1. Modifying favorably.
2. A substance used to modify or make more pleasant
the action of a purgative or other remedy.

correction {kor-ek '-shun) [correctus; corrigere, to
amend]. The rectification of any abnormality (as a
refractive or muscular defect), or of any undesir-
able quality (as in a medicine).

correlated (kor'-el-a-ted) [correlatus, related]. In-
terdependent; related, c. atrophy. See atrophy.

correlation (kor-el-a'-shun) [correlatus, related].
Interdependence; relationship.

Corrigan's button, or cautery (kor'-ig-an) [Sir
Dominic John Corrigan, Irish physician, 1802-1880].
A button-shaped cautery iron fastened in a wooden
handle. Cs disease. 1. Aortic insufficiency. 2.
Cirrhosis of the lung. C.'s line, the purple or
brownish-red line on the margin of the gums in
chronic copper-poisoning. C.'s pulse, "water-ham-
mer pulse"; the abrupt, quickly receding, jerking
pulse of aortic insufficiency. C.'s respiration,

CORRIGENT

253

COSTAL

"nervous or cerebral respiration." Frequent shallow
and blowing breathing in low fevers — e. g., in typhus.
C.'s sign, an expansive pulsation felt in cases of
aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.

corrigent (kor'-ij-ent). See correctant.

corroborant (kor-ob'-o-rant) [corroborans, strength-
ening]. A tonic invigorating remedy.

corrosion (kor-o'-zhun) [con, together; rodere, to
gnaw]. The process of corroding or the state of being
corroded, c.-anatomy, that branch of anatomy
which demonstrates an anatomical specimen by
means of a corrosive process that eats away those
parts which it is not desired to preserve. In some
cases a resisting-substance is injected, so as to pre-
serve the vessels and ducts from corrosion, c-
preparation, one in which the vessels, ducts, or cavi-
ties of organs are filled by a fluid that will harden
and preserve the shape of the vessel or cavity after
the organ itself is corroded, digested, or otherwise
destroyed.

corrosive (kor-o'-siv) [see corrosion], i. Eating
away. 2. A substance that destroys organic tissue
either by direct chemical means or by causing inflam-
mation and suppuration, c. chloride, c. sublimate.
See mercury bichloride.

corrosol (kor'-o-sol). A proprietary mercurial
preparation for hypodermic use ; said to contain caco-
dylate and succinate of mercury, and to be non-
irritating and painless.

corroval (kor'-o-val). A variety of curare, or
arrow-poison; a cardiac and muscular paralyzant.

corrovaline (kor-o'-val-en). A poisonous alkaloid
obtained from corroval.

corrugator (kor'-u-ga-tor) [corrugere, to wrinkle].
That which wrinkles. See under muscle.

corset (kor'-set). In surgery, an investment for
the abdomen or chest, or both; useful in some spinal
disorders and deformities, and in fractures or injuries
of the thoracic walls, c.-liver, a liver characterized
by a furrow resulting from the pressure exerted by a
corset and situated chiefly in the right lobe. It is
due to habitual tight lacing, and hence is found in
women and, rarely, among soldiers.

Corsican moss. A mixture of fragments of various
seaweeds brought from Corsica. It is said to be
alterative, febrifuge, anthelmintic, and nutritious.
Syn., Helminthochorton.

cortex (kor'-teks) [L., "bark"]. 1. The bark of
an exogenous plant. 2. The surface-layer of an
organ. 3. The external gray layer of the brain, the
substantia corticalis, or cortical substance. 4. The
peripheral portion of an organ, situated just beneath
the capsule, c. aurantii, orange-peel. c. cerebri.
See cortex (3). c. corticis, the outer sheath of the
kidney, c. degeneration. Synonym of general
paralysis of the insane. See under paralysis, c.
renalis, the cortical substance of the kidney.

Corti's arch (kor'-te) [Marchese Alfonso Corti,
Italian histologist, 1822-1876]. The arch formed
in the organ of Corti by the two files of rods. C.'s
canal, the triangular canal formed by the pillars of
Corti, the base of which corresponds to the mem-
brana basilaris. It extends over the entire length
of the lamina spiralis. C.'s cells, the outer hair-
cells of Corti's organ. C.'s fibers. See C.'s rods.
C.'s ganglion, the ganglion spirale, an aggregation
of ganglion-cells in the spiral canals of the cochlea.
C.'s membrane, the membrana tectoria of the
cochlea. C.'s organ, a complicated organ, the
product of differentiation of the epithelial lining of
the cochlear canal, resting on the basilar membrane
of the cochlea and containing the end-organs of the
cochlear nerves. C.'s rods, the pillars of the arch
of the organ of Corti. C.'s teeth, the auditory
teeth; the tooth-like projections on the edge of the
limbus lamina? spiralis of the ear. C.'s tunnel.
Same as C.'s canal.

cortical (kor'-tik-al) [cortex]. Pertaining to the
cortex or bark or to the cortex of any organ or
structure, c. cataract, opacity in the cortex of the
lens. c. epilepsy, c. paralysis, such as is due to a
lesion of the cortical substance of the brain.

corticate (kor'-te-kat). Furnished with a bark or
cortex.

corticifugal (kor-te-sif -u-gal) [cortex; fugere, to
flee]. Conducting away from the cortex.

corticipetal (kor-te-sip'-et-al) [cortex; petere, to
seek]. Conducting toward the cortex.

corticoafferent (kor-te-ko-af'-er-ent). See cortici-
petal.

corticoefferent (kor-te-ko-ef'-er-ent). See cortici-
fugal.

corticospinal (kor-tik-o-spi'-nal). Pertaining to
the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord.

corundum (ko-run'-dum) [Hind., kurand], A na-
tive crystalline aluminum oxide, AI2O3. Mixed with
melted shellac, it is formed into wheels for use in
the dental laboratory and for grinding in general.

coruscation (kor-us-ka'-shun) [coruscare, to glitter].
A glittering or flashing of light, also the subjective
sensation of light-flashes.

Corvisart's disease (kor-ve-sar') [Jean Nicolas
Corvisart, French physician, 1755-1821]. Idiopathic
cardiac hypertrophy. C.'s fades, the facies of
cardiac insufficiency.

corybantism (kor-e-banf -izm) [kopvPclvththos, cory-
bantic frenzy]. Maniacal frenzy, with sleeplessness,
choreic excitement and visual hallucinations.

corydalin (kor -id' -al- en) [corydalis]. 1. An extract
from the root of Corydalis formosa (Dicentra canaden-
sis) ; it is used in syphilis and scrofula.

corydaline (kor-id'-al-in). An alkaloid, C22H27NO4
(Freund) from Corydalis tuberosa; it is used as a
heart-tonic. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.032 Gm.).

corydalis (kor-id'-al-is) [KopvSaWls, the crested
lark]. 1. Turkey -corn. The tuber of C. formosa
(Dicentra canadensis), a tonic, diuretic, and altera-
tive. Dose of fluidextract 10-40 min. (0.6-2.5 Cc).
2. A genus of plants of the order Papaveracea.
C. tuberosa, holewort, hollowwort, is an herb in-
digenous to Europe; the rhizome is anthelmintic
and emmenagogue. It contains corydaline and
corydine.

corydine (kor' -id-en). An amorphous alkaloid
from Corydalis tuberosa.

coryfin (kor' -if -in). Ethyl glycolic acid ester of
menthol.

coryl (kor'-il). The name given to an anesthetic
composed of ethyl chloride and methyl chloride in
such proportions that the boiling-point of the mixture
is about 320 F.

coryleur (kor-il-ur') . An apparatus for spraying
with coryl.

Corynebacterium (kor-i'-ne-bak-te'-re-um)) [kopvvti,
a club; bacterium]. A genus of bacilli, club-shaped,
granular and gram-positive. C. commune, the
pseudo-diphtheria bacillus. C. diphtheriae, the
bacillus of diphtheria. C. granulomatis maligni, C.
hodgkini, a bacillus of diphtheroid nature found in
Hodgkin's disease. C. mallei, the bacillus of
glanders.

coryza (ko-ri'-zah) [Kopv£a, a running at the nose].
Catarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal
passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly called a
"cold in the head." See rhinitis, c. caseosa, a term
applied by Cozzolino to a disease in which the
nostrils are filled with caseous masses, c. idiosyn-
cratic. See hayfever. c. maligna, synonym of
snuffles of the newborn, c. periodic vasomotor.
See hay-fever, c, vasomotor. Synonym of hay-
fever.

cosaprin (kos'-ap-rin), CeH4<^j _co— CH A
sulphoderivative of acetanilide; it is a whitish-gray
powder with a slightly saline taste, freely soluble in
water. It is used as an antipyretic instead of
acetanilide. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.) 3 times
daily.

cosmesis (koz-me'-sis) [noanelv, to adorn]. The
art of preserving or increasing beauty.

cosmetic (koz-met'-ik) [Koa/ielv, to adorn]. 1.
Beautifying. 2. A remedy designed to hide defects
of the skin or other external parts, c. operation, a
surgical operation to give a natural appearance to a
defective or unsightly part.

cosmetology (koz-met-ol'-o-je) [Koaneros, orderly;
X670S, science]. The science of the proper care of
the body with respect to cleanliness, dress, etc.

cosmic (koz'-mik) [k6<tp.os, the universe]. World-
wide; of wide distribution, as a cosmic disease.

cosmoline (koz'-mo-len). See petrolatum.

costa (kos'-tah) [L.: pi., costce]. A rib. costs
fluctuantes, floating ribs, costae illegitimae, c.
mendosae, c. spuriae, false ribs, costae legitimae,
c. verae, true ribs.

costal (kos'-tal) [costa]. Pertaining to the ribs.
c. arch, the arch of the ribs. c. cartilages, the
twelve cartilaginous extensions of the ribs. c.
respiration, respiration carried on chiefly by the chest
muscles.

COSTALGIA

254

COUGH

costalgia (kos-tal'-je-ah) [costa, a rib; &X70S, pain].
Intercostal neuralgia; pain in the ribs.

costate (kos'-tat). Ribbed; furnished with ribs or
connecting structures.

costectomy (kos-tek'-to-me) [costa; Ihtom, excision].
Excision of a rib; costotomy.

costen (kos'-ten) [costa, a rib]. Belonging to a
rib in itself.

Coster's paste. A remedy formerly used in the
treatment of tinea tonsurans. It is made of iodine,
2 drams, in one ounce of oil of pitch.

costicartilage (kos-te-kar'-til-aj) [costa, a rib;
cartilago, gristle]. A costal cartilage or unossified
sternal rib.

costicervical (kos-te-ser'-vik-al) [costa, a rib;
cervix, a neck]. Relating to the neck and ribs.

costicervicalis (kos-te-ser-vik-a'-lis) [costa, a rib;
cervix, the neck]. The cervicalis ascendens muscle.
See muscles, table of.

costiform (kos'-te-form). Rib-shaped.

costispinal (kos-te-spi'-nal) [costa, a rib; spina, the
spine]. Relating to the ribs and vertebral column.
c. muscles, levatores costarum. See muscles, table
of.

costive (kos'-tiv) [constipare, to be bound]. Consti-
pated; affected with costiveness.

costiveness (kos'-tiv-ness) [costive]. An abnor-
mality of digestion characterized by retention and
hardness of the feces; constipation.

costo- (kos-to-) [costa]. A prefix denoting con-
nection with the ribs.

costoabdominal (kos-to-ab-dom'-in-al). Relating
to the ribs and the abdomen.

costocentral (kos-to-sen'-tral). Pertaining to a rib
and the body (or centrum) of a vertebra with which
it articulates.

costochondral {kos-to-kon'-dral). Pertaining to
the ribs and their cartilages.

costoclavicular {kos-to-klav-ik'-u-lar) . Pertaining
to the ribs and the clavicle.

costocolic {kos-to-kol'-ik). Relating to the ribs and
the colon.

costocoracoid (kos-to-kor'-ak-oid). Pertaining to
the ribs and the coracoid process.

costohumeral (kos-to-hu'-mur-al). Conne'cted with
the ribs and humerus.

costoinferior (kos-to-in-fe'-re-or). Relating to the
lower ribs; applied to a form of respiration in which
the lower ribs move more than the upper.

costopubic {kos-to-pu'-bik). Relating to the ribs
and the pubis.

costopulmonary (kos-to-pul'-mon-a-re). Relating
to the ribs and the lungs.

costoscapular (kos-to-skap'-u-lar). 1. Relating to
the ribs and the scapula. 2. The serratus magnus
muscle.

costosternal (kos-lo-stur'-nal). Pertaining to the
ribs and the sternum.

costosuperior (kos-to-sii-pe'-re-or) . Relating to the
upper ribs.

costotome (kos'-to-tom) [costo-; renveiv, to cut].
A strong knife or heavy shears with the under blade
in the shape of a hook, for cutting the costal cartilages
in dissection, etc.

costotomy (kos-tot'-o-me) [costa; rofiri, section].
Resection or division of a rib.

costotrachelian (kos-to-tra-ke'-le-an). Relating to
the ribs and to the transverse processes of the cervical
vertebrae.

costotransverse (kos-to-tranz'-vers). 1. Pertaining
to the ribs and transverse vertebral processes. 2. The
scalenus lateralis. See under muscle.

costotransversectomy (kos-to-tranz-vers-ek '-to-me)
[costotransverse; Ihtom, a cutting out]. Excision of
part of a rib and a transverse vertebral process.

costovertebral (kos-to-ver-te'-bral). Pertaining to
the ribs and vertebrae.

costoxiphoid (kos-to-zif'-oid). Relating to the ribs
and to the ensiform cartilage.

cot (kot) [AS., cote]. 1. A small bed. 2. The
finger of a glove. See finger-cot. c, fever-, c,
Kibbee's, a bed devised especially for applying cold-
water treatment to fever patients.

Cotard's syndrome. A form of paranoia charac-
terized by delusions of negation, with sensory
disturbances and a tendency to suicide. Syn.,
Delire chronique des negations.

cotargit (ko-tar'-jit). Trade name of a substance
composed of cotarnin hydrochloride and ferric chlor-
ide; it is used as a hemostatic.

cotarnine (ko-tar'-nin) [an anagram of narcotine],
C12H15NO4. An oxidation-product of narcotine.
c. hydrochloride, C12H15NO4 . HC1 . H2O, small yellow
crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. It is an
internal hemostatic. Dose 5-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.).
Syn., stypticin.

COTe. An abbreviation for cathodal opening
tetanus.

coto (ko'-to) [Sp. "a cubit"]. Coto bark. The
bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It contains a bitter
principle, cotoin, C22H18O6, irritant to the skin and
mucous membranes. It is recommended for diarrhea
and zymotic fevers, and for the night-sweats of
pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of the powder 1-15
gr. (0.065-1.0 Gm.); of the fiuidextract 5-15 min.
(0.32-1.0 Cc); of the tincture (1 : 10) 10-30 min.
(0.65-2.0 Cc).

cotoin (ko'-to-in) [coto], C22H18O6. An astringent
principle from coto (q. v.). It is employed in dysen-
tery and cholera. Dose §-5 gr. (0.03-0.3 Gm.).
Paracotoin is one-half as strong as cotoin.

cottage-hospital (kot'-aj-hos'-pit-al). A small
establishment for the purpose of providing for the
sick in a small and isolated community.

Cotting's operation (kot'-ing) [Benjamin Eddy
Cotting, American surgeon, 1812-1898]. For in-
growing toe-nail; all the overlying tissues, together
with the sides of the toe, are sliced off freely. The
contraction in healing produces a cure.

cotton (kot'-n) [Ar., qiltun, cotton]. Gossypium,
a white, fibrous seed-hair that envelops the seeds of
the cotton-plant, c, absorbent, cotton so prepared
that it readily absorbs water. See also gossypium.
c, gun-. See pyroxylin, c.-oil. See c.-seed oil.
c.-root, c.-root bark. See under gossypium. c.-seed
oil, an oil obtained by pressure from the hulled seeds
of several species of gossypium (q. v.). c, styptic,
cotton saturated with a styptic substance, c. wool,
absorbent cotton.

cottonoid (kot'n'-oid). Trade name of absorbent
cotton prepared for surgical use.

Cotugno's canal (ko-toon'-yo) [Domenico Cotugno,
Italian anatomist, 1736-1822]. The aquseductus
vestibuli. Syn., canalis cotunnii. C.'s disease,
sciatica. Syn., malum cotunnii. C.'s liquor, the
perilymph of the osseous labyrinth of the ear. Syn.,
liquor cotunnii. C.'s nerve, the naso-palatine nerve.
C.'s space, the saccus endolymphaticus of the internal
ear.

Cotunnius {ko-tun' -ne-us) . See Cotugno.

cotyle (kot'-i-le) [kotv\t), a socket, cup]. The
acetabulum.

cotyledon (kot-il-e'-don) [kotvXijS&v, a socket].
1. Any one of the enlarged, vascular villi of the
chorion which project into depressions of the decidua
vera. 2. Any one of the numerous rounded portions
into which the uterine surface of the placenta is di-
vided. 3. A genus of plants of the order Crassulacea.
C. umbilicus, navelwort of Europe, has been highly
recommended in epilepsy, but its medicinal proper-
ties are feeble.

cotyloid (kot'-il-oid) [kotvXt), a cup; elSos, form].
Cup-shaped, c. cavity, c. fossa, the acetabulum.
c. ligament, a ligament surrounding the acetabulum.
c. notch, a notch in the anterior and lower border of
the acetabulum.

cotylopubic (kot-il-o-pu'-bik). Relating to the
acetabulum and the os pubis.

cotylosacral (kot-il-o-sa'-kral). Relating to the
acetabulum and the sacrum.

couch-grass {kowtch'-gras). See triticum.

couching (kowtch'-ing) [Fr., coucher, to depress].
The operation, now fallen into disuse, of depressing a
cataractous lens into the vitreous chamber, where it
was left to be absorbed.

cough (kof, or kawf). A sudden, violent expulsion
of air after deep inspiration and closure of the
glottis, c, chin whooping-cough, c, dry, that
unattended by expectoration. c, ear-, cough
excited refiexly from some morbid condition of the
ear. c, moist, cough with free expectoration, c.,.
Morton's. See under Morton, c, pleuritic, the
dry, short, frequent cough of pleurisy, pneumonia,
and phthisis, which accompanies the pain and fric-
tion-sounds of pleurisy and disappears with effusion
or when bronchitis supervenes, c, reflex, cough
produced by irritation of a remote organ, c,
stomach-. See c, reflex, c, Sydenham's. See
under Sydenham, c, uterine, a reflex cough occurring
in sufferers from genital disease due to irritation of

COULOMB

255

CRACKED-POT SOUND

the uterovaginal fibers of the hypogastric plexus
supplying the fornix vaginae and cervix uteri and the
nerves and ganglia supplying the fundus uteri
and ovaries, c, winter-, a short troublesome cough
of old people due to chronic bronchitis, and recurring
every winter.

coulomb (koo-lom') [Charles Augustin de Coulomb,
French physicist, 1736-1806]. The unit of measure-
ment of electrical quantity; the quantity of electricity
that passes during one second through a conductor
having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of
electromotive force. The microcoulomb is the mil-
lionth part of this amount.

Coulomb's law (koo-lom') [see coulomb]. The
force exerted between electrically charged bodies,
placed at a distance, is directly proportional to the
products of the amounts of charge and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between
them.

coumarin (koo' -mar-in), C9H6O2. A vegetable
proximate principle found in Dipteryx odorata, Tonka
bean, and in Melilotus officinalis. It conceals the
odor of iodoform.

counteraction (kown-ter-ak'-shun). The action of
a drug or agent opposed to that of some other drug
or agent.

counterdies. See dies.

counterextension (kown-ter-eks-ten'-shun) . See
under extension.

counterfissure (kown-ter-fish'-ur). [See conlra-
fissura.

counterindication (jkown-ter-in-dik-a'-shun). See
contraindication.

counterirritant {kown-ter-ir' -it-ant). An agent
which produces counterirritation; a drug which
attracts blood to the surface.

counterirritation (kown-ter-ir-it-a'-shun) [contra,
against; irritare, to irritate]. Superficial inflamma-
tion produced artificially, in order to exercise a good
effect upon some adjacent or deep-seated morbid
process.

counteropening (kown'-ter-o-pen-ing) [contra; open-
ing]. An incision made in an abscess or cavity,
opposite to another, generally for purposes of drainage.

counterpoison (kown'-ter-poi-zn) [contra; poison].
A poison given as an antidote to another poison.

counterpressure (kown'-ter-presh-ur). Pressure
opposed to pressure.

counterpuncture (kown'-ter-punk-chur). See coun-
teropening.

counterstain (kown'-ter-stdn). 1. A stain used to
bring into contrast parts of tissues colored by another
stain. 2. To apply a counterstain.

counterstroke (kown'-ter-strok). See contrecoup.

Countess's powder. Synonym of cinchona bark.

coup de fouet (koo-der-foo-a') [Ft. stroke of a
whip]. Lawn-tennis leg; rupture of the plantaris
muscle.

coup de soleil (koo-der-so-lay') [Ft.]. Sunstroke.
See Heat-stroke.

coupler {kup'-ler) [copulare, to bind]. 1. Used for
fastening wire to a tooth to correct dental irregu-
larities. 2. A device for connecting parts of an
electric apparatus.

courbometer (koor-bom'-et-er) [Ft., courbe, a curve;
nerpov, a measure]. A device of Chatelain to show
the curve of the alternating current.

courses (kors'-ez). See menses.

court-plaster (kort'-plas-ter). See plaster.

Courvoisier's law (koor-vwah-ze-a') [Ludwig G.
Courvoisier, French surgeon, 1843- ]. 1. Tumors
of the head of the pancreas almost invariably cause
dilatation of the gall-bladder. 2. In the majority of
instances of obstruction of the common bile-duct by
gall-stone the gall-bladder is contracted; in obstruc-
tion from other causes the gall-bladder is dilated.

cousso {koo' -so). See cusso.

Coutoubea (koo-too'-be-ah) [South American name].
A genus of plants of the order Gentianece. C. spicata,
of Brazil, is emmenagogue and anthelmintic.

couveuse {koo-vuz') [Ft.]. See incubator.

cover-glass. In microscopy, the thin slip of glass
covering the object mounted on the slide.

cowage, cowhage, cowitch (kow'-aj, -itch) [Hind.,
kawdnch, cowage]. The external hairs of the pod of
Mucuna pruriens, formerly used in medicine as a
mechanical vermifuge. See also Mucuna.

Cowie's guaiac test for blood in the feces. To 1
Gm. of moist feces add 4 to 5 Cc. of glacial acetic
acid. Extract the mixture with 30 Cc. of ether.

Take 1 to 2 Cc. of the extract and add an equal
volume of water; agitate; then add a few granules
of powdered guaiac resin and allow it to dissolve.
When dissolved gradually add 30 drops of old
turpentine or hydrogen peroxide. The presence of
blood is indicated by the appearance of a blue color.

Cowling's rule (kow'-ling). A rule for dosage.
The age of the child at the next birthday is the
numerator and 24 the denominator. According to
this, the dose of a child approaching four years of
age would be ■£& = | of the dose for an adult.

Cowper's cyst (kow'-per) [William Cowper, English
surgeon, 1666-1709]. A retention cyst of Cowper's
gland. C.'s glands, the bulbourethral glands; two
compound tubular glands situated between the two
layers of the triangular ligament, anteriorly to the
prostate gland; they correspond to Bartholin's
glands in the female. C.'s ligament, the portion of
the fascia lata that is attached to the crest of the
pubis.

Cowperian cyst. A retention cyst formed in
Cowper's gland.

cowperitis (kow-per-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
glands of Cowper, usually gonorrheal in origin.

cowpox, cowpock (kow'-poks). A contagious
eruptive fever occurring in the cow, and thought to
correspond with smallpox in man.

coxa (koks'-ah) [L., "the hip"]. The hip-joint or
the hip. c. valga, a condition, the reverse of coxa
vara, in which the angle between the neck and the
shaft of the femur is increased above 140 degrees.
c. vara, a condition in which the neck of the femur
is bent downward sufficiently to cause symptoms;
this bending may reach such an extent that the neck
forms with the shaft a right angle or less, instead of
the normal angle of 120 to 140 degrees.

coxagra (koks-a'-grah) [coxa, the hip; ay pa, seizure].
1. Gout in the hip. 2. Coxalgia, sciatica.

coxal (koks'-al) [coxa, the hip]. Relating to the coxa.

coxalgia (koks-al'-je-ah) [coxa; aXyos, pain].
Literally, pain in the hip-joint, but generally used
synonymously with hip-disease.

coxalgic (koks-al'-jik) [coxalgia]. Relating to
coxalgia.

coxankylometer (koks-ang-kil-om'-et-er) [coxa; ayKv-
\os, bent; fierpov, a measure]. Volkmann's
instrument for measuring the deformity in hip-
disease.

coxarthritis (koks-ar-thri'-tis). The same as coxitis.

coxarthrocace (koks-arth-rok'-as-e) [coxa; apdpov,
joint; KaKos, bad]. A fungoid inflammation of the
hip-joint.

coxarum morbus. Hip-joint disease.

Coxe's hive mixture. A mixture of squill and
senna, of each, 120; tartar emetic, 3; sugar, 1200;
calcium phosphate, 9; dilute alcohol and water,
to 2000.

coxitis (koks-i'-tis) [coxa; iris, inflammation].
Inflammation of the hip-joint, c. cotyloidea, that
confined principally to the acetabulum, c, senile,
a rheumatoid disease of the hip-joint occurring in old
people, marked by pain, stiffness, and wasting,
without any tendency to suppuration.

coxodynia (koks-o-din'-e-ah) [coxa, hip; oSvvrj, pain].
Same as coxalgia.

coxofemoral (koks-o-fem'-or-al) [coxa; femur, the
thigh-bone]. Relating to the hip and the femur, as
the coxofemoral joint — the hip-joint.

coxopathy (koks-op'-ath-e) [coxa; vaBos, disease].
Any affection of the hip-joint.

coxotuberculosis {koks-o-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [coxa, the
hip; tuber culum, a tubercle]. Tuberculous disease
of the hip-joint.

c.p. Abbreviation for chemically pure.

Cr. Chemical symbol of chromium.

crab-louse (krab'-loivs). See Pediculus pubis.

crabs'-eyes (krabz'-tz). 1. Flat, calcareous con-
cretions (Lapides cancrorum) derived from the
stomach of the crab ; they have been used as a means
of removing foreign bodies from the eye. 2. A
name for the seeds of Abrus precatorius.

crab-yaws (krab'-yors). See frambesia.

crachotement (kra-shot-mon(g)') [Ft.]. A peculiar
reflex following operations upon the utero-ovarian
organs, marked by a desire to spit, without the ability
to do so. It is usually accompanied by a tendency
to syncope.

cracked-pot sound. A peculiar sound elicited by
percussion over a pulmonary cavity communicating
with a bronchus.

CRADLE

256

CRANIOMETRIC

cradle (kra'-dl) [AS., cradol]. In surgery, a wire
or wicker frame so arranged as to keep the weight of
the bed-clothing from an injured part of the body.
It is employed in the treatment of fractures, wounds,
etc. c. cap, a name given to the scabs composed of
dirt and sebum, that form on the scalps of neglected
infants and children, c, ice-, the suspension over a
febrile patient, by means of iron frames, of a number
of zinc buckets, kept half-filled with ice, and inclosed
in a light covering, c.-pessary, a cradle-shaped pes-
sary for treating retrodisplacements of the uterus.

Cradle for Supporting Bedclothes. — From Ful~
lerton.

cram (kram). To store the memory with informa-
tion for the mere purpose of passing an examination,
c.-stunt, arrest in mental development due to over-
study.

cramp (Jkramp) [Teut., kramp]. A spasmodic tonic
contraction of a muscle attended with sharp pain.
c„ intermittent, tetany, c, professional, spasm of
certain groups of muscles, from their continuous use
in different occupations, as writer's, hammerman's,
piano-player's, dancer's cramp, etc. c.s, tonic (of
fingers and toes in children), tetany.

Crampton's muscle [Sir Philip Crampton, Irish
surgeon, 1777-1858]. A bundle of striated muscular
fibers extending from the annular ligament to the
sclera in the eye of birds.

crane's bill root. See geranium.

cranial (kra'-ne-al) [cranium]. 1. Relating to the
cranium. 2. Relating to position nearer the head
end of the long axis of the body. c. bosses, flat,
bony elevations of the frontal and parietal bones
sometimes seen at the angles of the anterior fon-
tanel. They are said to be a proof of hereditary
syphilis, c.-capacity, modes of measuring. See under
skull, c. nerves. See nerve.

cranialis (kra-ne-a'-lis) [L.]. Cranial.

craniectomy (kra-ne-ek'-to-me) [cranium; iKTOfir), a
cutting out]. The surgical removal of strips or
pieces of the cranial bones. It is performed in
cases of microcephaly.

craniencephalometer (kra-ne-en-sef-al-om'-et-er)
[cranium; iyKe<pa\os, the brain; \ikrpov, a measure].
An instrument for determining the position of the
gyri of the brain from the outer surface of the head.

cranio- (kra-ne-o-) [cranium]. A prefix meaning
relating to the cranium.

cranioabdominal (kra-ne-o-ab-dom'-in-al). Relat-
ing to the cranium and the abdomen; applied to
temperaments showing a predominance of cerebral
and abdominal influences.

cranioacromial {kra-ne-o-ak-ro'-me-al) Relating
to the cranium and the acromion.

cranioaural {kra-ne-o-aw'-ral). Relating to the
cranium and the ear.

craniocele (kra-'ne-o-sel) [cranio-; k^XiJ, a tumor].
Encephalocele, q. v.

craniocerebral (kra-ne-o-ser'-e-bral). Relating to
the cranium and the cerebrum.

craniocervical (kra-ne-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to
the cranium and the neck.

cranioclasis {kra-ne-ok' -las-is) [cranio-; xXdo-is, a
breaking]. See cranioclasm.

cranioclasm (kra'-ne-o-klasm) [cranio-; ic\&etv, to
break]. The operation of breaking the fetal head
by means of the cranioclast.

cranioclast (kra'-ne-o-klast) [see cranioclasm]. A
heavy forceps for crushing the fetal head.

cranioclasty (kra'-ne-o-klas'-te). See cranioclasm.

craniocleidodysostosis (kra-ne-o-kli-do-dis-os-to'-sis)
[cranio-; x^eZs, clavicle; Si>s, difficult; ostosis]. Con-
genital defect of the clavicle associated with imperfect
ossification of the bones of- the cranium.

craniodiaclast (kra-ne-o-di'-ak-last) [cranio-; Sia-
Kkav, to break into pieces]. An instrument for break-
ing the skull in craniotomy.

craniodidymus (kra-ne-o-did'-im-us) [cranio-; Sidv-
pos, double]. Same as cephalopagus.

craniofacial (kra-ne-o-fa'-shal) [cranio-; fades, face].
Relating to the cranium and the face.

craniognomy {kra-ne-og'-no-me). See cephalology.

craniograph {kra'-ne-o-graf) [cranio-; ypafaiv, to
record]. An instrument for recording the outlines of
the skull.

craniography {kra-ne-og'-ra-fe) [cranio-; ypa<f>ew,
to write]. That part of descriptive craniology the
object of which is to describe the parts or regions of
the skull or bones of the face.

craniohematoncus (kra-ne-o-hem-at-ong'-kus) [cra-
nio-; alfia, blood; 67/cos, a tumor]. Synonym of
cephalhematoma.

craniology (kra-ne-oV-o-je) [cranio-; \6yos, science].
A branch of anatomy comprising the study of skulls.

craniomalacia (kra-ne-o-mal-a'-se-ah). See cranio-
tabes.

cranio mandibular (kra-ne-o-man-dib'-u-lar) [cra-
nio-; mandibula, the mandible]. Relating to the
skull and the lower jaw.

craniometer (kra-ne-om'-et-er) [cranio-; y.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the dimen-
sions of the skull.

craniometric, craniometrical {kra-ne-o-met'-rik, -al)
[see craniometer]. Pertaining to craniometry, c.
point, any one of the points of measurement used
in craniometry. The craniometric points are the
following: acanthion, a point in the median line of
the skull at the base of the nasal spine, alveolar
point, the point between the two middle incisors of
the upper jaw. antinion, that point on the glabel-
lum, and in the median line, that is farthest from
the inion. asterion, the point behind the ear where
the parietal, temporal, and occipital bones meet.
auricular point, the center of the orifice of the
external auditory meatus, basion, the middle point
of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.
bregma, the point where the coronal and sagittal
sutures meet, dacryon, or dakryon, the point
beside the root of the nose where the frontal, lacrimal,
and superior maxillary bones meet, entomion, the
point where the parietal notch of the temporal bone
receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle
of the parietal bone, glabella, or glabellum, the
point in the median line between the superciliary
arches, marked by a swelling, sometimes by a de-
pression, gnathion. Same as mental point, go-
nion, the point at the angle of the lower jaw. hor-
mion, the anterior point of the basilar portion of the
united sphenooccipital bone, where it is crossed by
the median line, inion, the external occipital
protuberance, jugal point, the point situated at
the angle that the posterior border of the frontal
process of the malar bone makes with the superior
border of its zygomatic process, koronion, the
apex of the coronoid process of the inferior maxilla.
lambda, the point of meeting of the sagittal and the
lambdoid sutures, malar point, a point situated
on the tubercle on the external surface of the malar
bone or at the intersection of a line drawn from the
external extremity of the frontomalar suture to the
tubercle at the inferior angle of the malar bone and a
line drawn nearly horizontally from the inferior
border of the orbit over the malar bone to the superior
border of the zygomatic arch, maximum occipital
point, or occipital point, the posterior extremity of
the anteroposterior diameter of the skull, measured
from the glabella in front to the most distant point
behind, mental point, the middle point of the
anterior lip of the lower border of the lower jaw.
metopion, or metopic point, a point in the middle
line between the two frontal eminences, nasion, or
nasal point, the middle of the frontal suture at the
root of the nose, obelion, the part Of the sagit-
tal suture between the two parietal foramina.
occipital point. See maximum occipital point in this
table, ophryon, the middle of the supraorbital
line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the
forehead, separates the face from the cranium.
opisthion, the middle point of the posterior border
of the foramen magnum, prosthion, the alveolar
point, pterion, the point where the frontal, parietal,
temporal, and sphenoid bones come together, rhi-
nion, the upper median point of the anterior nasal
opening, spinal point. Same as subnasal point.
stephanion, inferior, the point where the ridge
for the temporal muscle intersects the coronal
suture, stephanion, superior, the point where the
coronal suture crosses the temporal ridge, subnasal
point, the middle of the inferior border of the an-
terior nares at the base of the nasal spine, supra-
auricular point, the point vertically over the auri -

CRANIOMETRY

257

CREDE'S OINTMENT

cular point at the root of the zygomatic process.

SUPRANASAL POINT, SUPRAORBITAL POINT. Same as

ophryon. symphysion, the median point of the
outer border of the alveolus of the lower jaw. vertex,
the superior point of the skull. In obstetrics, that
conical portion of the skull the apex of which is at the
posterior fontanel and the base of which is formed
by the biparietal and trachelobregmatic diameters.

craniometry (kra-ne-om'-et-re) [see craniometer].
The ascertainment of the proportions and measure-
ments of skulls.

craniopagus (kra-ne-op'-ag-us). See cephalopagus.

craniopathy (kra-ne-op'-ath-e). See cephalopathy.

craniopharyngeal (kra-ne-o-far-in'-je-al) . Relating
to the cranium and the pharynx.

craniophore (kra'-ne-o-for) [cranio-; <pepet.v, to
bear]. A device for holding the skull during cranio-
metric study.

cranioplasty {kra'-ne-o-plas-te) [cranio-; TrXatrros,
formed]. The surgical restoration or correction of
cranial deficiencies.

craniorrhachischisis {kra-ne-or-rak-is' -kis-is) [cra-
nio-; /Jdxis, spine; ax""*, a cleaving]. Congenital
fissure of the skull and spine.

cranioschisis (kra-ne-os'-kis-is) [cranio-; a\i<Tis, a
cleaving]. Congenital fissure of the skull.

craniosclerosis (kra-ne-o-skle-ro'-sis) [cranio-; o-kKij-
pbs, hard]. A condition the antithesis of that seen
in cranio tabes. A thickening of the cranial bones,
usually due to rhachitis.

cranioscopy (kran-e-os'-ko-pe). See phrenology.

craniospinal (kra-ne-o-spi'-nal) [cranio-; spina,
spine]. Pertaining to the cranium and spinal
column.

craniostegnosis (kra-ne-o-steg-no'-sis) [cranio-; arty-
vuhtis, contraction]. Contraction of the skull.

craniostenosis {kra-ne-o-sten-o'-sis). See cranio-
stegnosis.

craniostosis (kran-e-os-to'-sis) [cranio-; barkov, a
bone]. Congenital ossification of the cranial sutures.

craniotabes (kra-ne-o-ta'-bez) [cranio-; tabes, a
wasting]. An atrophy of the cranial bones occurring
in infancy, with the formation of small, shallow, conical
pits in the bone-substance. Craniotabes results from
rhachitis, syphilis, or marasmus.

craniotabetic (kra-ne-o-tab-et'-ik) [cranio-; tabere,
to waste away]. Pertaining or belonging to cranio-
tabes, q. v.

craniothoracic {kra-ne-o-thor-as'-ik). Relating to
the skull and the thorax; applied to temperaments
showing a predominance of cerebral and thoracic
influences.

craniotome (kra'-ne-o-tom) [cranio-; rkftveiv, to
cut]. An instrument used in craniotomy.

craniotomy (kra-ne-ot'-o-me) [cranio-; Topfi, a
cutting], i. The operation of reducing the size of
the fetal head by cutting or breaking it up, when
delivery is otherwise impossible. 2. The excision
of a part of the skull, c, linear. See craniectomy.

craniotonoscopy (kra-ne-o-ton-os'-ko-pe) [cranio-;
tow, tone; onoirtiv, to examine]. An auscultatory
method devised by Gabritschewsky for the localiza-
tion of changes in the bones of the skull (thinning
or thickening) by means of the variations in sound
transmitted through the bones and a special resonator
(pneumatoscope) placed in the mouth.

craniotractor (kra-ne-o-trak'-tor) [cranio-; tractor,
a drawer]. A cranioclast designed to be used also,
or mainly, as a tractor.

craniotripsotome {kra-ne-o-trip' -so-torn) [cranio-;
rptyis, a rubbing; rop.ij, a section, v. Cassagny's
instrument for performing cranioclasty.

craniotrypesis (kra-ne-o-trip-e'-sis) [cranio-; rpvinj-
<r«, a boring]. Trephining.

craniotympanic (kra-ne-o-tim-pan'-ik) [cranio-; tym-
panum]. Pertaining to the skull and the tympanum.

craniovertebral (Jzra-ne-o-ver'-te-bral). Same as
cerebrospinal.

craniovisceral (kra-ne-o-vis'-ur-al). Relating to the
cranium and the viscera.

cranitis (kra-ni'-tis). Inflammation of one or more
of the cranial bones.

cranium (kra'-ne-um) [upavlov, the skull]. The
skull. The cavity that contains the brain, its mem-
branes, and vessels, c. cerebrale, the cerebral
cranium or calvaria. c. viscerale, the visceral cra-
nium, or bones of the face.

crank (krank) [Ger., sick]. A popular term for an
eccentric individual or a hobby-rider. See paranoiac.

cranter (kran'-ter) [upavrop, upaLvew, to finish,

10

render perfect: pi., cranteres]. A wisdom-tooth. The
dentes sapiential are sometimes so called becaused
their presence is necessary to a perfect denture.

crapaudine (krap'-aw-den) [Fr., crapaud, a toad].
In veterinary surgery, an ulcer on the coronet of a
horse's hoof.

crapulent, crapulous {krap'-u-lent, -lus) [crapula,
drunkenness; surfeit]. Marked by excess in eating
and drinking.

craquement (krahk'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Any crackling
sound heard in auscultation.

craseology, crasiology (kras-e-ol'-o-je) [tcpaais,
mixture; A070S, science]. The science of tempera-
ments.

crasis (kra'-sis) [/cpa<ns, mixture]. Temperament,
constitution, c, verminous, an old term used to
designate a peculiar dyscrasia of the system due to
the presence of worms.

crassamen {krasf-am-en). See crassamentum.
c. sanguinis. See buffy coat.

crassamentum (kras-am-en'-tum) [L., "thick-
ness"]. A clot, as of blood.

Crataegus (kra-te'-gus) [upaTaiyos, the hawthorn].
A genus of rosaceous shrubs. C. oxyacantha, a
European shrub, contains a crystallizable principle,
crategin, in the bark. A strong tincture in doses of
3 drops is used in heart disease.

crateriform (kra-ter'-if-orm) [crater, a bowl;
forma, shape]. Goblet-shaped or deep-saucer-shaped.
Excavated like a crater.

cratomania (kral-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Kparos, power;
fiavla, madness]. A delirium of exaltation in which
the patient conceives himself to possess vast power.

craurosis. See kraurosis.

cravat (kra-vat') [Fr., cravate]. A bandage of
triangular shape, used as a temporary dressing for a
wound or fracture. The middle is applied to the
injured part, and the ends are brought around and
tied.

craw-craw (kraw'-kraw). A variety of filariasis:
see filar ia sanguinis hominis.

crealbin (kre-al'-bin). An internal antiseptic said
to consist of creolin and albumin. Syn., creolalbin.

cream (krem) [cremor, thick juice or broth]. The
rich fat part of milk. c. of tartar, potassium bitar-
trate, KHC4H4O6; it is diuretic and aperient.

creamometer (krem-om'-et-er) [cremor, cream;
p.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating
the amount of cream in milk.

crease (kres) [Celtic]. A line made by folding.
c, gluteofemoral, c, iliofemoral, the crease that
bounds the buttock below, corresponding nearly to
the lower edge of the gluteus maximus muscle. It is
of supposed significance in the diagnosis of hip-disease.

creasol (kre'-as-ol) [/cpeos, flesh; oleum, oil], see
creosol.

creasote, creasotum (kre'-a-sot, kre-a-so'-tum).
See creosote.

creatin (kre'-at-in) [upkas, flesh], C4H9N3O2. A
neutral organic substance that occurs in the animal
organism, especially in the juice of muscles, c,
dehydrated, creatinin.

creatinase (kre-at'-in-as). An enzyme which con-
verts creatin into creatinin.

creatinemia (kre-at-in-e'-me-ah) [creatin; alfia,
blood]. An excess of creatin in the blood.

creatinin {kre-at'-in-in) [creatin], C4H7N3O. An
alkaline substance, a normal constituent of urine.
It crystallizes in rhombic prisms and is a strong
base.# It is much more soluble than creatin. c,
reaction for. See Jaffe, Kerner, v. Maschke, Weyl.

creatoxism (kre-at-oks'ism). See kretoxism.

crebruria (kreb-ru'-re-ah) [creber, close together;
ovpov, urine]. Frequent micturition.

creche (krash) [Fr., a crib]. A day nursery or
nfant shelter.

credargan (kre-dar'-gan). A proprietary prepara-
tion of colloidal silver.

Crede's method {kred-a') [Karl Siegmund Franz
Crede, German gynecologist, 1810-1892]. 1. A
prophylactic measure against ophthalmia neonatorum
by the instillation, into the eyes of new-born children,
of a few drops of a 1 or 2 % solution of silver nitrate.
2. A method of expelling the placenta by grasping
the uterus firmly through the abdominal walls, knead-
ing it to excite contraction, and then pressing down-
ward toward the sacrum. See Dublin method.

Crede's ointment {kred-a') [Benno C. Crede,
German surgeon, 1847- ]. A soluble silver oint-
ment made from colloidal silver, applied by inunctions

CREEK DOTS

258

CRESCENT

in septicemia and pyemia. Dose $-1 dr. (2-4 Gm.),
repeated every 12 hours until abatement of symptoms.

creek dots. Small shining dots, of unknown
nature and often hereditary, occurring at times in
the retina anterior to the retinal vessels; they were
so named by Marcus Gunn, who first described them.

creeping sickness (krep'-ing sik'-nes). The gangre-
nous form of ergotism.

cremaster (kre-mas'-ter) [Kpepav, to support].
The muscle that draws up the testis. See under
muscle.

cremasteric (kre-mas-ter'-ik) [cremaster]. Pertain-
ing to the cremaster muscle, c. reflex. See under
reflex.

cremation (kre-ma'-shun) [cremare, to burn]. The
destruction of the dead body by burning, as dis-
tinguished from interment.

crematory (kre'-mat-or-e) [cremare, to burn]. An
establishment for burning the bodies of the dead,
or for consuming garbage and other refuse matter.

cremnophobia (krem-no-fo'-be-ah) [icprifivos, a crag;
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid fear of precipices.

cremometer (kre-mom'-et-er) [cream; iikrpov, a
measure]. A graduated tube for determining the
percentage of cream in milk.

cremor (kre'-mor) [L., "broth"]. Cream. Any
thick substance formed on the surface of a liquid.
c. tartari, cream of tartar.

cremule (krem'-ul). A troche of medicated
chocolate cream.

crena (kre'-nah) [L.]. A notch, especially suqh a
notch as is seen on the sutural margins of the cranial
bones, c. ani, the anal cleft, c. clunium, same as
c. ani.

crenate (kre'-nat), or crenated (kre-na'-ted) [crena,
a notch]. Notched or scalloped. In botany, leaves
that are serrated. See crenation.

crenation (kre-na'-shun) [crena, a notch]. A
notched or mulberry-like appearance of the red
corpuscles of the blood. It is seen when they are
exposed to the air or strong saline solutions.

crenotherapy (kre-no-ther'-ap-e) [npiivr), a spring;
6(paireia, treatment]. Treatment by water from
mineral springs.

Crenothrix (kre'-noth-riks) [kpvvti, a spring; 6pl$,
hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes the filaments of
which are enveloped in a gelatinous sheath.

crenulate (kren'-u-lat) [crena, a notch]. Finely
crenate.

creocamph (kre'-o-kamf). A preparation of creo-
sote and camphoric acid, added to mercurial cream,
to lessen the pain after injection of the latter.

creoform (kre'-o-form). A solid, tasteless anti-
septic consisting of guaiacol, creosote, and formal-
dehyde.

creolalbin (kre-ol-al'-bin). See crealbin.

creolin (kre'-o-lin) [upkas, flesh; oleum, oil]. A
coal-tar product deprived of phenol; it is an anti-
septic, used especially as a douche in obstetrical
practice. It has also been used in a solution of
5 : 1000 for irrigation of the bowel in dysentery and
enterocolitis.

creosal (kre'-o-sal). A dark-brown, hygroscopic
powder, with odor and taste of creosote, obtained
by heating beechwood creosote with tannic acid and
phosphorous oxychloride. It is antiseptic and
astringent, and is used in bronchial inflammations.
Dose 15-135 gr. (1-9 Gm.) daily. Syn., tannosal.

creosin (kre'-o-sin). A compound of creosote,
iodine, calcium hypophosphite, and balsam of Peru;
it is used like creosote.

creosoform (kre-o'-so-form). A combination of
creosote and formaldehyde, occurring as a greenish
powder.

creosol (kre'-o-sol) [/cpeas, flesh; oleum, oil], C8H10O2.
One of the principal phenols contained in creosote.
It is formed from guaiacum-resin, and is found in
beechwood tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid of an
agreeable odor and a burning taste, boiling at 2200 C.
It is very similar to guaiacol.

creosolid (kre-o-sol'-id). See creosote-magnesia.

creosomagnesol (kre-o-so-mag'-ne-sol). A dry
mixture of potassium hydroxide, creosote, and
magnesia; antiseptic. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) in
pill with honey.

creosotal (kre-o-so'-tal). See creosote carbonate.

creosote, creosotum (kre'-o-sot, kre-o-so'-tum)
[icpeas, flesh; crwfetj', to preserve]. The product
of the distillation of wood-tar, preferably that from
the beech, Fagus sylvatica, consisting of a mixture of

phenol-compounds. It is an inflammable oily liquid,
differing in this respect from phenol. It does not
coagulate albumin or collodion. Most of the com-
mercial creosote consists of phenol or contains a
large percentage of it. It is antiseptic, astringent,
styptic, anesthetic, and escharotic. It is used ex-
tensively in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 1-3 min.
(0.06-0.2 Cc). c, alpha-, a preparation containing
the constituents of normal creosote mixed in such
proportion that it contains 25 % of crystalline
guaiacol. c, beechwood, that obtained from
beechwood. c. benzoate, an antiseptic used as a
spray in diseases of the throat and nose, c.-calcium
chlorhydrophosphate, a white, syrupy mass used
in tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.)
twice daily, c. carbonate, guaiacol carbonate with
other carbonates containing 90 % of beechwood
creosote. Maximum daily dose in tuberculosis 80
min. (5 Cc). It is recommended in treatment of
croupous. pneumonia. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) every 2
hours. Syn., creosotal. c.-magnesia, a mixture of
creosote and calcined magnesia, free from odor and
taste of creosote. It is a nonirritant antiseptic.
Dose 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.). Syn., creosolid; magnesium
creosotate. c. mixture (mistura creosoti, B. P.),
creosote and glacial acetic acid, of each, 16 min.
(1 Cc), dissolved in 15 oz. (55 Cc.) of water to
which 1 oz. (30 Cc.) of syrup and § dr. (2 Cc.) of
spirit of juniper have been added. Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Cc). c. ointment (unguentum creosoti, B. P.),
creosote, 1; simple ointment, 12; for local applica-
tion, c. oleate, a yellowish, oily liquid used in the
same manner as creosote. Dose 40-60 min. (2.5-
3.8 Cc.) daily. Syn., creosoteoleic ether; oleocreosote.
c. phosphate, P04(CeH7)3, a syrupy fluid containing
80 % of creosote and 20 % of phosphoric acid
anhydride; it is used as a substitute for creosote.
Syn., trier eosote phosphate, c. tannophosphate, an
amber-colored fluid used in tuberculosis, c. valerate,
a noncaustic fluid which is used in all forms of tuber-
culosis. Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc), increasing to 18-28
min. (1.1-1.7 Cc.) daily, in milk. Syn., eosot. c.
vapor (vapor creosoti, B. P.), for inhalation, c. water
(aqua creosoti, U. S. P.), a 1 % solution. Dose 1-4
dr. (4-16 Cc).

creotoxin (kre-o-tok'-sin). See kreoioxin.

creotoxism (kre-o-tok'-sizm). See kreotoxism.

crepitant (krep' -it-ant) [crepitare, to crackle].
Possessing the character of crepitation, c. rale.
See under rale.

crepitatio, crepitation, crepitus (krep-it-a'-she-o,
krep-it-a'-shun, krep'-it-us) [crepitare]. 1. The
grating of fractured bones. 2. The crackling of
the joints. 3. The noise produced by pressure
upon tissues containing an abnormal amount of air
or gas, as in cellular emphysema. 4. The sound
heard at the end of inspiration in the first stage of
croupous pneumonia. It closely resembles the sound
produced by rubbing the hair between the fingers
held close to the ear. crepitus indux, a crepitant
rale heard in_ pneumonia at the beginning of hepati-
zation, crepitus redux, a crepitant rale heard in
pneumonia during the stage of resolution; usually the
first manifestation of the recession of the disease.
c, silken, a sensation such as is produced when two
surfaces of silk are rubbed together, felt by the hand
when manipulating a joint affected with hydrar-
throsis.

crepitus. See crepitation.

cresalol (kres'-al-ol) [cresol; salol]. Cresol sali-
cylate, an intestinal antiseptic.

cresamine (kres'-am-in). An antiseptic and
germicide mixture of ethylenediamine and tricresol.

cresaprol (kres'-ap-rol). See cresin.

crescent (kres'-ent) [crescere, to grow]. 1. Sickle-
shaped, or shaped like the new moon. 2. A form of
Plasmodium malaria; one of the crescentic, non-
flagellate, refractive, pigmented bodies seen in the
blood of persons suffering from protracted forms of
malarial poisoning; i. e., after the second week in
estivoautumnal fever, in malarial remittent fever,
and in the cachectic victims of chronic malaria.
c.s of Gianuzzi. See under Gianuzzi. c, gray,
one lateral half of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
c, myopic. See myopic crescent, c.-sphere, Lam-
bertin's term for that phase of development of the
malarial parasite when it becomes sausage-shaped
or crescent-shaped. It constitutes a sexual phase of
the parasite and is destined to be swallowed by
Anopheles and to carry on the further life-history of

CRESCENTIC

259

CRICOTHYROID

the parasite, c.s of the spinal cord, the lateral _gray
bands of the spinal cord as seen in horizontal section.

crescentic (kres-en'-tik). i. Shaped like a new
moon. 2. Derived from a member of the genus
Crescentia; e. g., crescentic acid.

cresegol (Jkres'-e-gol). Mercury orthonitro-para-
sulphonate; a reddish-brown powder used as a surgi-
cal disinfectant.

ere sin (kre'-sin). A mixture of cresol, 25 %, and
sodium cresoxylacetate; a brown, clear fluid, said to
be less poisonous than phenol. It is used in 0.5 to
1 % solution as a wound antiseptic. Syn., cresaprol.

cresochin (kres'-o-kiri). A proprietary disinfectant
solution containing chinolin, tricresol, and chinolin-
tricresol sulphonate.

cresoform (kres'-o-form). A mixture of creosote
and formaldehyde; used externally as an antiseptic,
and internally in tuberculous enteritis. Dose, 10-
30 min. (0.65-2.0 c.c).

cresol (kre'-sol) [/cpeos, flesh; oleum, oil], C7H8O.
Cresylic acid; a body obtained from the distillation
of coal-tar. It is a colorless, caustic liquid, with
properties similar to those of phenol, but is superior
as an antiseptic. Syn., paramethyl phenol, c-
anitol, a compound of anitol and cresol, used as a
bactericide, c. iodide. See losophan. c.-naphthol,
a brown, viscous, tar-like liquid, insoluble in water;
it is used as a germicide, c. salicylate, c.-salol. See
cresalol. c, solution of, compound (liquor cresolis
compositus, U. S. P.). See under solution.

cresolin (kres'-o-lin) [Kpeas, flesh; oleum, oil].
A proprietary preparation used as a disinfectant.

cresomagnesol (kres-o-mag'-nes-ol). A mixture of
caustic potash, creosote, and magnesia.

crest (krest) [crista, a crest]. A ridge or linear
prominence, especially of bone. See crista, c,
deltoid, a ridge on the humerus at the attachment
of the deltoid muscle, c, ethmoid. 1. A transverse
ridge on the inner aspect of the nasal process of the
superior maxilla. 2. The turbinated crest, c,
frontal, a ridge along the middle line of the internal
surface of the frontal bone, c, iliac, c. of ilium, the
thickened and expanded upper border of the ilium.
c, incisor (of Henle), the forward prolongation of the
nasal crest, terminating in the anterior nasal spine;
the cartilage of the nasal septum rests upon it. Syn.,
crista incisiva. c, infratemporal, one on the outer
aspect of the great wing of the sphenoid and separat-
ing the part of the bone which partly forms the
temporal fossa from that which aids in forming the
zygomatic fossa, c, lacrimal, a vertical ridge di-
viding the external surface of the lacrimal bone into
two parts, c, lambdoid. See c, occipital, c,
nasal, a crest on the internal border of the nasal
bone and forming part of the septum of the nose.
c, neural, a ridge found on either side of the neural
tube in the embryo, c, obturator, a bony ridge
running from the spine of the os pubis to the anterior
end of the cotyloid notch, c, occipital, a vertical
ridge on the external surface of the occipital bone,
extending from the occipital protuberance to the
foramen magnum, c, pubic, c. of pubes, a crest
extending from the spine to the inner extremity of
the pubes. c, sacral, c. of sacrum, a series of
eminences forming a longitudinal ridge on the middle
line of the posterior surface of the sacrum, c. sphe-
noid, a thin ridge of bone in the median line of the
anterior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone.
c, sphenomaxillary, an arched crest formed in part
by the anterior surface of the great wing of the
sphenoid and in part by the pterygoid process
forming the border of the sphenomaxillary fissure.
c, supramastoid, a bony ridge above the external
auditory meatus, c. of tibia, the prominent border
or ridge on the front of the tibia; the shin, c,
turbinated, a prominent horizontal ridge on the
internal surface of the palate bone, c, zygomatic,
the anterior border of the great wing of the sphenoid ;
it articulates with the malar bone and separates the
orbital from the temporal surface.

cresyl (kres'-il), C7H7. The radical of cresol.
c. alcohol, C6H4(OH)CH3, formed from phenyl alcohol
by the substitution of a molecule of methyl for an
atom of the hydrogen of the phenyl, c. hydrate.
See c. alcohol.

cresylate (kres'-il-at). Any compound of cresol
with a metallic radical.

cresylic acid (kres-il'-ik). See cresol.
creta (kre'-tah) [L.]. Chalk. Native calcium
carbonate, cretae, mistura (U. S. P.), consists of

compound chalk powder, 20; cinnamon-water, 40;
water, 40. It is used in diarrhea. Dose 5 oz. (15
Cc). c. prasparata (U. S. P.), prepared chalk;
chalk freed from impurities by washing. Dose 5-20
gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). cretae, pulvis, aromaticus (B. P.).
Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). cretae, pulvis,
compositus (U. S. P.), compound chalk powder;
consists of prepared chalk, 30; acacia in powder, 20;
sugar, 50. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). cretae,
trochisci, each contains prepared chalk, 4 gr. ; acacia,
1 gr.; sugar, 6 gr.; with a little nutmeg.

cretaceous (kre-ta'-shus) [creta]. 1. Chalky. 2.
Chalky-white in color.

Cretan fever (kre'-tari) [Crete, an island in the
Mediterranean Sea]. Same as Malta fever.

cretef action (kre-te-fak'-shun). See calcification.

cretin (kre'-tin) [Fr., cretin, a simple-minded
person]. A person affected with cretinism.

cretinism (kre'-tin-izm) [cretin]. A congenital
disease, characterized by absence of the thyroid
gland, diminutiveness of size, thickness of neck,
shortness of arms and legs, prominence of abdomen,
large size of face, thickness of lips, large and pro-
truding tongue, and imbecility or idiocy. It occurs
endemically in the goitrous districts of Switzerland,
and sporadically in other parts of Europe and in
America. Lack of the secretion of the thyroid gland
seems to be the cause, c, acquired, c, adult.
Synonym of myxedema.

cretinoid (kre'-tin-oid) [cretin], 1. Resembling a
cretin; resembling cretinism. 2. A person who
resembles a cretin, c. state, the morbid state
presented by a sufferer from cretinism; cretinism.

cretinous (kre'-tin-us). Pertaining to cretinism.

crewels (kroo'-tlz) [Fr., ecrouelles, scrofula].
Synonym of scrofula.

crib (krib) [ME., crib, a manger]. A small frame
with inclosed sides for a child's bed. 2. A stall for
cattle, c. biting. See cribbing and windsucking.

cribbing (krib'-ing) [crib]. The peculiar wearing
of a horses' teeth, due to a habit of biting his crib
or manger, and at the same time sucking air into the
stomach.

cribrate (krib'-raf) [cribrum]. Perforated, sieve-like.

cribration (krib-ra'-shun) [cribrum]. 1. The state
of being cribriform or perforate. 2. The act of
sifting.

cribriform (krib'-rif-orm) [cribrum]. Perforated
like a sieve, c. fascia, the portion of the fascia of
the thigh covering the saphenous opening, c. plate,
the upper perforated plate of the ethmoid bone.

cribrose (krib'-ros) [cribrum, a sieve]. In biology,
sieve-like.

cribrum (krib'-rum) [L.; pi., cribra]. A sieve.
c. benedictum, a perforate septum, supposed by the
ancients to separate two hypothetical cavities of the
kidneys, by which the blood in the upper one was
strained and freed from inmpurities. cribra orbitalia,
inconstant porosities behind the edge of the orbit on
the inferior surface of the orbital plate of the frontal
bone ; they may be culdesacs or, when developed more
fully, may communicate.

Crichton Browne's sign. See Browne's sign.

crick (krik) [ME., cricke, a twist in the neck].
Any painful spasmodic affection, as of the back or
neck.

crico- (kri-ko-) [kpUos, a ring]. A prefix denoting
connection with the cricoid cartilage.

cricoarytenoid (kri-ko-ar-it'-en-oid) [crico-; aryte-
noid]. Pertaining to the cricoid and arytenoid
cartilages.

cricohyoid, cricohyoideus (kri-ko-hi'-oid, kri-ko-
hi-oid'-e-us). Relating to the cricoid cartilage and
the hyoid bone.

cricoid (kri'-koid) [crico-; elSos, form]. Ring-
shaped, c. cartilage, the ring-shaped cartilage of the
larynx.

cricoidectomy (kir-koid-ek'-to-me) [cricoid; i/cropr),
excision]. The excision of the cricoid cartilage.

cricopharyngeal (kri-ko-far-in'-je-al). Relating to
the cricoid cartilage and the pharynx.

cricothyreotomy (kri-ko-thi-re-ot'-o-me). Incision
through the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.

cricothyroid (kri-ko-thi'-roid) [crico-; thyroid].
Pertaining to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
c. artery, a small branch of the superior thyroid,
crossing the cricothyroid membrane, c. membrane,
a ligamentous membrane that lies between the cricoid
and thyroid cartilages, c. muscle. See under
muscle.

CRICOTHYROTOMY

260

CROSS

cricothyrotomy {kri-ko-thi-rot'-o-me) . Cricotomy
with division of the cricothyroid membrane.

cricotomy (kri-kot'-o-me) [crico-; rkp.vtiv, to cut].
Surgical laryngotomy by cutting through the cricoid
cartilage.

cricotracheal, cricotrachealis (kri-ko-fra'-ke-al, -tra-
ke-aV-is). Relating to the cricoid cartilage and
to the trachea.

cricotracheotomy (kri-ko-trak-e-ot'-o-me) [crico-;
tracheotomy]. Tracheotomy through the cricoid
cartilage.

criminal (krim'-in-al) [crimen, an accusation, a
crime]. Of the nature of crime, c. abortion, see
abortion, c. assault, see assault.

criminology {krim-in-ol'-o-je) [crimen, crime; \6yos,
science]. The science of crime and of criminals;
criminal anthropology; the study of crime as a branch
of morbid psychology.

crinate, crinated {krin'-at, krin-a'-ted) [crinis, a
hair]. Bearded with long hairs or hair-like processes;
crinite.

criniform {krin'-e-form) [crinis, a hair; forma,
form]. Filiform; resembling horsehairs.

crino (kri'-no) [crinis, hair; pi., crinones]. I. A
skin-affection of infants supposed to be due to the
presence of a hair-worm. 2. Same as comedo.

crinogenic (krin-o-jen'-ik) [npiveiv, to separate;
yevv&v, to produce]. Stimulating the production of
secretions generally.

crinose (krin'-os). Hairy.

crinosin (krin'-o-sin) [crinis, hair]. A nitrogenized
fat from brain-substance, crystallizing in hair-like
threads.

crinosity (krin-os'-it-e). Hairiness.
. Cripps' operation (krips') [William Harrison
Cripps, English surgeon]. Iliac colotomy; an
imaginary line from the anterior superior iliac spine
to the umbilicus is crossed at right angles, if inches
from the superior spine, by an incision 2§ inches long.
The bowel is fixed in position and opened.

crisis (kri'-sis) [icpUrts, a decisive point]. 1. A
turning-point, as that of a disease or fever; especially,
the sudden favorable termination of the acute symp-
toms of an infectious disease. 2. Paroxysmal dis-
turbance of function accompanied with pain, c,
bronchial, a paroxysm of dyspnea sometimes occur-
ring in tabes, c, cardiac, a paroxysm of cardiac
distress or disordered action, crises, Dietl's. See
Dietl's crises, c, doctrine of, the theory that the
gradual climax of morbid phenomena was announce-
ment of the completion of the union of morbific
material — which could then be evacuated by the
sweat, urine, or stools — spontaneously or by the
administration of diuretics, purgatives, etc. c'.,
enteralgic, a paroxysm of pain in the lower part of
the abdomen occurring in tabes, crises, gastric,
attacks of intense, paroxysmal pain in the abdomen,
often attended with vomiting. They occur in loco-
motor ataxia, c, hematic, c, hemic, the crisis in a
fever marked by increase in the number of blood-
plates, c, nephralgic, c, nephritic, a ureteral
paroxysm of pain observed in tabes, c, rectal,
paroxysmal rectalgia occurring in tabes dorsalis and
in diabetes, c, tabetic, paroxysmal pain occurring
in the course of tabes dorsalis.

Crismer's test for glucose {kriz'-mer) [Lion Cris-
tner, Belgian chemist, 1858- ]. An alkaline so-
lution of glucose when heated to boiling with a
solution of 1 part safranin in 1000 parts water
decolorizes the safranin solution or renders it pale
yellow. It is not decolorized when heated with
uric acid, creatinin, or creatin in an alkaline solution.

crispation (kris-pa'-shun) [crispare, to curl].
1. See crispatura. 2. A slight involuntary quivering
of the muscles.

crispatura {Jkris-pah-tu'-raK) [L.]. A puckering;
a contracture, c. tendinum, Dupuytren's contrac-
tion.

crista (kris'-tah) [L.]. Crest, c. acustica, a
yellow elevation projecting into the equator of the
ampulla of the ear. c. ampullaris. See c. acustica.
c. basilaris. See pharyngeal tubercle, c. bucci-
natoria, a ridge giving origin to the fibers of the
buccinator muscle, found in the groove on the an-
terior surface of the coronoid process of the lower
jaw. c. capituli, one on the head of a rib dividing its
articular surface into two parts, c. colli costae, a
crest on the superior border of the neck of a rib.
c. colli inferior, one on the lower aspect of the neck
of a rib. c. colli superior, one on the upper aspect

of the neck of a rib. c. conchalis, the inferior turbi-
nated < crest of the maxilla and palate-bone, 0
ethmoidalis, the superior turbinated crest of the
maxilla and palate-bone. c. falciformis, a horizontal
crest dividing the lamina cribrosa. c. galli, cock's-
crest, the superior triangular process of the ethmoid
bone. c. helicis, a projection of the helix above the
external auditory meatus, c. iliaca, the crest of
the ilium, c. ilii, the crest of the ilium, c. infra-
temporalis, the pterygoid ridge of the sphenoid
bone. c. interossea, the interosseous border, c.
intertrochanterica, the posterior intertrochanteric
line. c. lacrimalis posterior, the vertical ridge on the
orbital surface of the lacrimal bone. c. obturatoria,
the obturator crest of the os pubis, c. occipitalis
externa, < the external occipital crest, c. sacralis
articularis, one of the small tubercles of the sacrum
representing the < articular processes of vertebra?.
c. sacralis lateralis, one of the rudimentary trans-
verse processes of the sacral vertebrae, c. sacralis
media, the tubercular ridge of the sacrum, c.
sphenoidalis, the sphenoidal crest, c. spiralis, a
ridge on the upper border of the spiral lamina of the
cochlea, c. transversa, the crista falciformis.
c. tuberculi majoris, the external or posterior bi-
cipital ridge of the humerus, c. tuberculi minoris,
the internal or anterior bicipital ridge of the humerus.
c. urethralis, the crest of the urethra, c. vestibuli,
an almost vertical bony ridge on the inferior and
median walls of the vestibule of the ear, separating
the fovea hemielliptica from the fovea hemispha^rica.
Syn., pyramis vestibuli.

cristallin (kris'-tal-in). A kind of collodion, in
which the ether and alcohol employed as solvents
for pyroxylin are replaced by methyl-alcohol. It does
not dry so readily as ordinary collodion. Syn.,
crystallin.

cristate (kris'-tat). Crested.

crith (krith) [icpidii, barley-corn]. The assumed
unit of mass for gases. It is the weight, in vacuo,
of one liter of hydrogen, at o° C, which is 0.0896
of a gram, or 1.37 grains.

critical (krit'-ik-al) [crisis]. 1. Pertaining to a
crisis in disease, period of life, etc. 2. A quali-
fication applied to temperature and to pressure in
relation to gases.

crocated (kro'-ka-ted) [see crocus]. Containing
saffron.

croceous (kro'-se-us). Saffron-colored; containing
saffron.

crocidism, crocidismus, crocidixis (kro'-sid-izm,
kro-sid-iz'-mus, -iks'-is). See carphology.

croconic (kro-kon'-ik). Saffron-colored.

crocose (kro'-kos). A dextrorotary sugar obtained
from crocin by decomposition.

crocoxanthin (kro-ko-zan'-thiri). A yellow pigment
occurring in the petals of Crocus aureus.

Crocq's serum (krok) [Jean Crocq, Belgian physi-
cian]. A two per cent, solution of sodium phosphate.

crocus (kro'-kus) [kpokos, crocus; saffron]. Saffron.
The stigma of the flowers of C. sativus. It is an
aromatic stimulant, emmenagogue, and antispasmodic.
Dose of the tincture (10 % in strength) 1-2 dr. (4-8
Co); of the drug 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.) in infusion.

crocydismus {kro-sid-iz'-mus) [icpoicvSitew, to
pick at]. Same as carphology.

Crombie's ulcer (krom'-be). A small ulcer on the
gums, near the last two molar teeth, occurring in
sprue.

Crookes' tube [Sir William Crookes, English
physicist, 1832- ]. A highly exhausted vacuum-
tube used in producing x-rays.

Cropper's bodies {krop'-er). Spindle-shaped
masses sometimes found in the red blood corpuscles.

cross (kros). 1. In biology, a cross-breed in
plants, the result of cross-fertilization. 2. A struc-
ture in which parts cross each other, c.-birth,
shoulder-presentation, or other presentation requiring
version, c.-education E. W. Scripture's term for the
curious results that appear in certain cases where
exercise of an organ or limb develops not only that
particular organ or limb, but the corresponding one
on the opposite side, c.-eye. See strabismus, o-
fertilization, in biology, the fertilization of the ovules
of one species by the seedgerms of another, c.-foot,
pes varus, c.-knee. See genu valgum, c.-leg, a
deformity that sometimes follows double hip-joint
disease; the legs are crossed in walking, c.-legged
progression, a method of walking in which one foot
gets over or in front of the other. It is a symptom

CROSSED

261

CRUSTA

of certain cord-lesions, c, occipital. See occipital
protuberance, internal.

crossed (krosd). Having the shape of a cross.
Affecting alternate sides of the body. c. amblyopia.
See amblyopia, c. anesthesia. See anesthesia, crossed.
c. hemiplegia, c. paralysis. See paralysis, crossed.
c. reflexes, reflex movements on one side of the body,
excited by stimulation of a part on the opposite side.

crotalin (kro'-tal-in) [upbrahov, a rattle J. An
albuminous body contained in the poison of the
cobra. It is not coagulable by heat at 2120 C.

Crotalus (kro'-tal-us) [kpotoKov, a rattle]. A genus
of serpents, including the typical rattlesnakes. C.
poison, the virus of the rattlesnake, used as a remedy
by homeopathists.

crotaphion (kro-taf'-e-on) [KpbTa<j>os, the temple of
the head]. A craniometrical point at the dorsal end
of the pterion.

crotchet (kroch'-et) [ME., crochett, a little hook].
A hook used in extracting the fetus after craniotomy.

crotin (kro'-tiri). A mixture of toxic albuminoids
contained in croton seeds. It is a yellowish powder
containing about 21 % of ashes, soluble in water and
in a 10 % solution of sodium chloride; it is a proto-
plasmic poison.

Croton {kro'-ton) [kpotuv, a tick]. A great genus
of euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleuteria yields cas-
carilla; C. tiglium yields croton oil. c. aldehyde,
C4H6O, a compound obtained by the condensation
of acetaldehyde when heated with HC1, with water
and zinc chloride, c.-chloral. See chloral, butyl.
c. oil (oleum tiglii, U. S. P.), a fixed oil expressed
from the seeds of C. tiglium. See under tiglium.

crotonallin (kro-ton-aV-in). A poisonous albu-
minoid from the seeds of Croton tiglium.

crotonglobulin (kro-ton-glob'-u-lin). A poisonous
albuminoid from the seeds of Croton tiglium.

crotonic (kro-ton'-ik). Belonging to or derived
from a plant belonging to the genus Croton; e. g.,
crotonic acid.

crotonism (kro'-ton-izm). Poisoning by croton oil;
a condition marked by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.

crotonol (kro'-ton-ol), C9H14O2. An acid, aromatic
principle in croton oil, believed to be the vesicant
constituent of the oil.

crounotherapy (kru-no-ther'-ap-e) [kpowos, a spring;
therapy]. Riesman's term for the employment of
mineral waters for drinking-cures.

croup (kroop) [AS., kropan, to cry aloud]. A
disease of the larynx and trachea of children, promi-
nent symptoms of which are a harsh, "croupy"
cough and difficulty in breathing; it is often accom-
panied by the development of a membranous deposit
or exudate upon the parts. It is usually caused by
the diphtheria bacillus, sometimes by other micro-
organisms. Syn., membranous croup; pseudomem-
branous croup; true croup, c, artificial, traumatic
membranous laryngitis, c, bronchial. See bron-
chitis, croupous, c, catarrhal, a simple noncontagious
inflammation of the larynx accompanied by the
formation of membrane, c, diphtheritic, laryngeal
diphtheria, c, false, a spasm of the muscles of the
larynx with a slight inflammation, c, intestinal.
See colitis, mucous, c.-kettle, a small boiler heated
by a lamp and contained within a metallic cylinder.
The boiler is furnished with an inhaling tube, and
water or any medicament may be placed within it
and the escaping steam inhaled, c, spasmodic.
See c, false.

croupine (kroop'-en). Laryngismus stridulus.

croupous (kroop' -us). Pertaining to croup, c.
membrane, the yellowish-white membrane forming
in the larynx in croup, c. pneumonia. Same as
lobar pneumonia; see under pneumonia.

crowd-poison " (krowd' -poison). Volatile organic
matter recognizable in the air of ill-ventilated places
where many persons are congregated.

crown (krown). See corona, c.-bark. See loxa
bark, c, fibrous, c, radiating. See corona radiata.
c, French. See corona veneris, c. gall, a disease of
the peach, apricot, almont, prune, plum, apple,
pear, English walnut, grape, raspberry, cherry,
poplar, and chestnut, due to a parasite Plasmodium,
Dendrophagus globosus. c. glass, a kind of glass used
in optics, c, post and plate, a porelain facing with a
backing of gold, and a post fitting the enlarged pulp
canal, and a disc covering the exposed surface of the
tooth root, c.-setting, the operation of joining an
artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth; im-
properly called "pivoting." c. of a tooth, the exposed

part of the tooth above the gums, covered with
enamel. c.-work, the adaptation of an artificial
crown of porcelain or gold on the cervical portion
of the natural root of a tooth.

crucial (kru'shal) [crux, a cross]. Resembling or
pertaining to a cross, as a crucial incision.

crucible (kru'sib-l) [crucibulum, a melting pot].
A vessel of conical shape in which substances are
exposed to the heat of a fire or furnace.

cruciform (kru'se-form) [crux; forma, form].
Crucial; shaped like a cross.

crude (krud) [L. crudus, raw, unripe]. In the
natural form, raw, or unrefined.

crudivorous (kru-div'-or-us) [crudus, raw; vorare,
to devour]. Applied to savages subsisting entirely
upon uncooked food.

cruels (kroo'-elz). Synonym of scrofula.

cruentous (kru-en'-tus) [cruor]. Bloody.

cruenturesis (kru-en-tu-re'-sis) [cruentus, bloody;
ovpov, urine]. Hematuria.

cruor (kru'-or) [L., "blood"]. Blood, especially
coagulated blood.

cruorin (kru'-or-in) [cruor, blood]. Synonym of
hemoglobin.

crupper (krup'-er) [Fr., croupe, the rump]. 1. The
buttocks of a horse. 2. The sacrococcygeal region.
3. The base of the tail in mammals, c.-bone, the
coccyx.

crura (kru'-rah) [Plural of crus, a leg]. A name
applied to certain parts of the body, from their
resemblance to legs or roots; see crus. c. ampullaria,
ampullary limbs, c. anthelicis, c. bifurcata, two
ridges on the inner aspect of the external ear, con-
verging at the anthelix. Syn., radices, anthelicis.
c. cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum, superior,
middle, and inferior, c. cerebri, the peduncles of the
cerebrum, c. of diaphragm, the muscular bundles
arising from the vertebrae, etc., and inserted into the
central tendon, c. of fornix. See pillars, anterior
and posterior of the fornix, c. of penis, the corpora
cavernosa.

cruraeus (kru-re'-us) [L.]. See muscles, table of.

crural (kru'-ral) [crura]. 1. Pertaining to the
thigh. 2. Pertaining to the crus cerebri, c. arch.
See ligament, crural, c. hernia, femoral hernia.
c. ring, the femoral ring; the upper opening of the
femoral canal, bounded in front by Poupart's liga-
ment and the deep crural arch, behind by the pubis,
internally by Gimbernat's ligament, externally by a
fibrous band separating it from the femoral vein.
c. septum. See septum crurale. c. sheath, the
femoral sheath.

crureus (kru-re'-us) [L.], One of the muscles of
the thigh. See muscles, table of.

crurin (kru'-rin). Edinger's name for quinolin-
bismuth-sulphocyanide; used as a dressing for ulcers.

cruritis (kru-ri'-tis). See phlegmasia alba dolens.

crurogenital (kru-ro-jen'-it-al) [crura; genitalis,
relating to generation]. Relating to the thighs and
the genitalia.

cruroinguinal (kru-ro-in'-gwin-al). Relating to
the thigh and the groin.

crus (krus) [L.; pi., crura (q. v.)]. A leg, limb, or
support, c. anterius, anterior limb. c. breve, short
limb. c. cerebelli, any one of the cerebellar pe-
duncles, c. cerebri, either of the two peduncles
connecting the cerebrum with the pons. c. clitoridis,
crus of the clitoris, c. commune, common limb.
c. fornicis, posterior pillar of fornix, c. helicis,
limb of the helix, c. inferius, inferior pillar, c.
intermedium, intermediate crus. c. laterale, lateral
crus. c. longum, long limb. c. mediale, medial
crus. c. of the diaphragm, either of the two fibro-
muscular bands arising in front of the vertebras and
inserted into the central tendon of the diaphragm.
c. posterius, posterior limb. c. simplex, simple limb.
c. superius, superior pillar.

crusocreatinin (kruso-kre-at'-in-in), C5H8N4O. A
leukomaine isolated from muscle tissue.

crust (krust) [crusta]. A covering, especially a
dried exudate on the skin, c, milk. See crusta
lactea.

crusta (krus'-tah) [L., "a crust"]. 1. See crust.
2. The inferior portion of the crus cerebri, c.
adamantina dentium, crust, or enamel, of the teeth.
c. lactea, seborrhea of the scalp in infants, c.
lamellosa, psoriasis, c. osteoides (radicis), c. petrosa,
a thin layer of bone covering the fang of a tooth.
c. phlogistica, the yellowish layer of the upper
stratum of a blood-clot, coagulating slowly.

CRUTCH

262

CRYSTALFIBRIN

crutch (krutch) [ME., crutche]. A staff with a
concave cross-piece fitting under the arm-pit, and
often with a grip for the hands midway on the staff,
used as a support in walking, c. paralysis, paralysis
of an upper extremity due to the pressure of the
crutch-head upon the nerves of the axilla, especially
the musculospiral nerve, c, perineal, a support or
brace of various forms by means of which the leg
of a patient in the lithotomy position may be ad-
justed or held at any height or angle.

Cruveilhier's atrophy (kroo-val-yeh') [Jean Cruveil-
hier, French pathologist, 1791-1874]. Progressive
muscular atrophy. C.'s disease. 1. Ulcer of the
stomach. 2. Progressive muscular atrophy. C.'s
fascia, the superficial layer of the perineal fascia.
C.'s plexus. 1. A plexus of the posterior cervical
region which is derived from the great occipital nerve
and the first and second cervical nerves. 2. The
plexus of varicose veins in a variety of angioma.
C.'s ulcer, simple ulcer of the stomach.

cry (kri) [ME., crien, to cry]. The utterance of
an inarticulate vocal sound, or the sound so uttered;
the sound of the voice in lamentation, c, epileptic,
see under epileptic, c, hydrencephalic, see hydro-
cephalic cry.

cryalgesia (kri-al-je'-ze-ah) [icpvos, cold; a\yr)o-is,
pain]. Pain from the application of cold.

cryesthesia (kri-es-the'-ze-ah) [icpvos, cold; alaOrjais,
sensation]. Undue sensitiveness to cold.

crymodynia (kri-mo-din'-e-ah) [kpvuos, icy cold;
odvvri, pain]. Cryalgesia; pain coming on in cold or
damp weather.

crymotherapy (kri-mo-ther'-ap-e) [Kpvuos, icy cold;
Btpawda, therapy]. Ribard's term for the thera-
peutic use of great cold applied locally. A bag filled
with carbonic snow at a temperature of — 1760 F.
is applied daily for half an hour to the pit of the
stomach. It is previously surrounded by cotton to
prevent injury to the skin.

cryogenin (kri-oj'-en-in). Metabenzamino-semi-
carbazide. It is given in treatment of tuberculosis for
diminishing the fever, being innocuous and effective.

cryometer (kri-om'-et-er) [icpvos, cold; iikrpov,
measure]. A thermometer for measuring very low
temperatures.

cryoscopic (kri-os-kop'-ik). Relating to cryoscopy.

cryoscopy (kri-os'-ko-pe) [icpvos, cold; otco-wiiv, to
examine]. The process whereby the freezing-point
of certain liquids, blood, urine, etc., may be compared
with that of distilled water.

cryostase (kri'-os-tas). A compound of equal parts
of phenol, camphor, saponin, and traces of oil of
turpentine. It solidifies when heated, and becomes
liquid when cooled to below 0° C. Recommended
as an antiseptic.

crypt (kript) [icpvirrbs, hidden]. 1. A small sac
or follicle. 2. A glandular cavity, c.s of Lieber-
kuehn. See under Lieberkuehn. c.s, multilocular.
1. Sharpey's name for simple glands with pouched
or sacculated walls. 2. The lobules of a racemose
gland, c.s, sebaceous, the sebaceous glands, c,
synovial. See Bursa mucosa, c.s, synoviparous,
extensions of the synovial membranes sometimes
perforating the capsule of the joints and occasionally
becoming shut off from the main sac. c.s of the
tongue, small pits in the mucosa of the tongue with
walls studded with globular projections', each of
which contains a vascular loop and is furnished with
lymph-follicles.

crypta (krip'-lah). Same as crypt.

cryptitis (krip-ti'-tis) [crypt; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of a crypt, or of crypts, c, urethral,
phlegmasia of the mucous follicles of the urethra.

crypto- (krip-to-) [crypt]. A prefix meaning relat-
ing to a crypt, or a small sac or follicle.

cryptobiotic (krip-to-bi-ot'-ik) [crypto-; /3t'os, life].
Having dormant life; applied formerly to calculi,
crystals, or any inanimate objects which increase in
size. Syn., lithobiotic.

cryptocephalus (krip-to-sef -al-us) [crypto-; Kt<paki),
head]. A fetal monster with an imperfectly formed
and concealed head.

Cryptococcus (krip-to-kok'-us). A genus of Sac-
charomyces. Same as Blastomyces.

cryptocrystalline (krip-to-kris'-tal-tn). See micro-
crystalline.

cryptodidymus {krip-to-did' -im-us) [crypto-; SISvpos,
twin]. A teratism in which one fetus is concealed
within another.

cryptogam (krip'-to-gam) [crypto-; yt\p.os, marriage].

In biology, one of the Cryptogamia, a division of the
vegetable kingdom comprising all plants with con-
cealed sexual organs, without pistils or stamens.

cryptogamic (krip-to-gam'-ik). See cryptogamous.

cryptogamous (krip-tog'-am-us). Belonging to the
cryptogamia; having the processes of the repro-
ductive function obscured or concealed.

cryptogenetic, cryptogenic (krip-to-jen-et'-ik, krip-
to-jen'-ik) [crypto-; yewav, to produce]. 1. Obscure
as to origin. 2. Parasitic from the outset within
another living organism.

cryptolith (krip'-to-lith) [crypto-; \lBos, stone].
A concretion or calculus formed within a crypt.

cryptolithiasis (krip-to-lith-i'-a-sis) [crypto-; lithi-
asis]. The calcification and ossification of tumors
of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

cryptomenorrhea, cryptomenorrhoea (krip-to-men-
o-re'-ah) [crypto-; p.i\v, month; poia, flow]. The
occurrence of the subjective symptoms of menstru-
ation without any flow of blood.

cryptomerorrhachischisis (krip-to-mer-o-rak-is' -Ms-
is) [crypto-; pkpos, a part; Mx«. tne spine; <rxtfetv,
to cleave]. Spina bifida occulta, a variety with
bony deficiency but without a tumor.

cryptophthalmos, cryptophthalmia (krip-tof-thal'-
mos, krip-tof-thal'-me-ah) [crypto-; 6<pda\p:6s, the eye]
1. Congenital union of the eyelids, usually over
imperfect eyes. 2. A person who has congenital
union of the eyelids.

cryptopine (krip'-to-pen) [crypto-; 8iriov, opium],
C21H23NO5. One of the alkaloids of opium, colorless and
odorless. It is said to be anodyne and hypnotic, but
it is less safe than morphine. Dose £ gr. (0.008 Gm.).

cryptoporous (krip-top'-or-us) [crypto-; irdpos, a
pore]. Having hidden or obscure pores.

cryptopyic (krip-to-pi'-ik) [crypto-; vvov, pus].
Characterized by concealed suppuration.

cryptorchid, cryptorchis (krip-tor'-kid, -kis) [crypto-;
6px>.s, testicle]. A person with retained testicles,
i. e., not descended into the scrotum.

cryptorchidism (krip-tor'-kid-izm) [see cryptorchid].
Retention of the testes in the abdomen or inguinal
canal.

cryptorhetic organs, tissues (krip-to-ret'-ik)[crypto-;
t>elv, to flow]. Organs or tissues which have an internal
secretion.

cryptoscope (krip'-to-skop) [crypto-; aKoireiv, to
inspect]. See fluoroscope.

cryptozygous (krip-toz'-ig-us) [crypto-; fvyov, yoke].
Having the dental arches or zygomata concealed
from view when the skull is viewed from above.

crystal (kris'-tal) [/cpvcrraWos, clear ice]. In
chemistry, a substance that assumes a definite
geometric form, c.s, Bizzozero's. See Charcot's c.s.
c.s, Boettcher's. See c.s, spermin. c.s, Charcot's,
c.s, Charcot-Leyden's. See Charcot's crystals, c.s,
Charcot-Neumann's, c.s, Charcot-Robin's. See
Charcot's c.s. c.s, coffin-lid, crystals of triple
phosphate found in the urine in dyspepsia and
cystitis, c, dumb-bell, crystals of calcium oxalate,
seen in urine, c.s, ear-. See otolith. _ c.s, Flor-
ence's. See Florence's crystals, c.-gazing, gazing
into the depths of a crystal globe or the surface of
a clear vessel of water in order to produce self-
hypnotism or autosuggestion with a view to obtaining
socalled telepathic impressions, c.s, hedgehog. See
hedgehog crystals, c.s, hemin. See hemin crystals.
c.s, knife-rest, peculiar indented crystals of triple
phosphate occasionally found in urine, c.s, lead-
chamber, those found in the lead-chambers in which
sulphuric acid is manufactured, and having the com-
position HS03(N02). c.s, Leyden's. See Charcot's
c.s. c.s, Lubarsch's. See Lubarsch's crystals, c.s,
Neumann's. Same as Charcot's c.s. c.s, Schweiner's.
See Charcot's c.s. c.s, spermin, a combination of
phosphoric acid with a base, spermin (C2H5N),
forming long, monoclinic, prism-like crystals with
curved edges, found in spermatic fluid after drying
it or allowing it to stand and in desiccated white of
egg. A strong solution of iodine and potassium iodide
stains them a deep brown or violet. Syn., Boettcher's
crystals, c.s, Teichmann's. See hemin crystals, c.s
of Venus, copper acetate crystals, c.s, Virchow's.
See Virchow's crystals, c.s, Zenker's. See Charcot's c.s.

crystalban (kris-tal '-ban) . Of Payer, a resinous
constituent of gutta-percha.

crystalbumin (kris-tal' -bu-min). An albuminous
body found by Bechamp in the watery extract of
crystalline lens.

crystalfibrin (kris-tal-fi'-brin). An albuminous

CRYSTALLIN

263

CUMIN

body obtained by means of hydrochloric acid from
crystalline lens.

crystallin (kris'-tal-in) [crystal], i. The globulin
of the crystalline lens. 2. See cristallin.

crystalline (kris'-tal-in) [crystal]. Like a crystal.
c. lens. See lens, crystalline.

crystallitis (kris-tal-i'-tis). See phakitis.

crystallization (kris-tal-iz-a'-shun) [crystal]. The
process by which the molecules of a substance arrange
themselves in geometric forms when passing from a
gaseous or a liquid to a solid state, c, alcohol of,
an alcohol uniting molecule by molecule with a
crystalline substance and aiding in the preservation
of the crystalline form of the latter, c, water of,
the water of salts that cannot be extracted without
destruction of their crystalline nature.

crystallographic test for blood. The use of sodium
iodide as a reagent forming characteristic blood-
crystals. Its use depends on the formation of
iodine-hematin.

crystallography (kris-tal-og'-ra-fe) [crystal; ypa<j>eiv,
to write]. The science of crystals, their formation,
etc.

crystalloid (kris'-tal-oid). Having a crystalline
structure, as distinguished from colloid. In biology,
one of the crystal-like proteid bodies found in seeds,
tubers, etc.

crystallomagnetism, (kris-tal-o-mag'-net-izm). That
property by which certain crystals point to the north
when suspended horizontally.

crystallometry (kris-tal-om'-et-re) [crystal; ixkrpov,
a measure]. The science of the measurement of the
angles of crystals.

crystallose (kris'-tal-os). Sodium saccharinate.

crystalluridrosis (kris-tal-u-rid-ro'-sis) [crystal; ov-
pov, urine; i5p«s, sweat]. A condition marked by
excretion of urinary elements in the sweat which
crystallize on the skin.

Cs. Chemical symbol of cesium.

Cu. Chemical symbol of copper {.cuprum).

cubeb, cubeba (ku'-beb, ku-be'-bah) [Pers., kababa,
cubeb]. The unripe fruit of Piper cubeba, cultivated
in Java. Its properties are due to a volatile oil,
C15H24, and an organic acid. It is an aromatic
stimulant, diuretic in small doses, and is useful in
affections of the bladder and urethra. It is also
employed in catarrh of the air-passages, etc. Dose
10 gr.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Gm.). c, fiuidextract of
(fluidextr actum cubeba., U. S. P.), alcoholic. Dose
5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). c, oil of (oleum cubeba,
U. S. P.), the volatile oil. Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-
1.3 Cc). c, oleoresin of (oleoresina cubeba, U. S.
P.), ethereal. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). c,
tincture of, 10 % in strength. Dose 10 min-3 dr.
(0.65-12.0 Cc). c, troches of (trochisci cubeba,
U. S. P.), oleoresin, 5 gr.; oil of sassafras, 535 gr.;
extract of licorice, 4 gr.; acacia, 2 gr.; syrup of tolu
q. s., in each troche. Dose 1-3.

cubebene (ku'-beb-en) [cubeb], C20H16. The light
portion of the essential oil of cubebs.

cubebic acid (ku-beb'-ik). See acid, cubebic.

cubebin (ku-beb'-in) [cubeb], C10H10O3. An odor-
less, crystalline substance obtained from cubeb.

cubebism (ku'-beb-izm). Poisoning by cubeb;
it is marked by acute gastroenteritis.

cubic (ku'-bik). Pertaining to a cube. c. niter,
sodium nitrate, c. space (of air), the amount of
space required by persons in health and in disease.

cubiform (ku'-be-form). Cuboid.

cubit (ku'-bit) [cubitus], 1. The forearm; cubitus.
2. The ulna. 3. The elbow.

cubital (kii'-bit-al). Relating to the forearm, to
the elbow, or to the ulna. c. bone, the cuneiform
bone.

cubitale (kil-bit-a'-le). The cuneiform bone.

cubitocarpal (ku-bit-o-kar'-pal). Relating to the
forearm and to the carpus.

cubitodigital (ku-bit-o-dij'-it-al). Relating to the
forearm or the ulna and to the fingers.

cubitometacarpal (ku-bit-o-met-ah-kar'-pal). Re-
lating to the forearm or the ulna and the metacarpus.

cubitoradial (ku-bit-o-ra'-de-al). Relating to both
the ulna and the radius.

cubitosupraphalangeal (ku-bit-o-su-prah-fal-an'-je-
al). Relating to the forearm or the ulna and the
bases of the phalanges.

cubitus (ku'-bi-tus) [L., "the elbow"]. The fore-
arm; elbow; ulna. c. valgus, a deformity consisting
of an abnormal curvature of the humeral diaphysis.
c. varus. See gunstock deformity.

cubocuneiform (ku-bo-ku-ne'-if-orm). Relating to
the cuboid bone and to one or more of the cuneiform
bones.

cuboid (ku'-boid) [ku/3os, cube; eUos, like]. Re-
sembling a cube. c. bone, a bone of the foot situated
at the outer anterior part of the tarsus.

cuca (koo'-kah). Same as coca; see erythroxylon.

cucullaris (ku-ku-la'-ris). The trapezius muscle.

Cucumis (ku'-ku-mis) [L., "a cucumber"]. A genus
of plants. See colocynihis. C. melo, muskmelon, is a
species indigenous to the old-world tropics and
widely cultivated. The root is emetic and diuretic
and contains melonenemetin. The juice of the fruit
of C. sativus, cucumber, is purgative, diuretic, and
resolvent. It is used in skin diseases and as a
cosmetic.

cucurbit (ku-ker'-bit) [cucurbita, a gourd]. 1. A
cupping-glass. 2. The body of an alembic. 3- Any
plant of the order Cucurbitacea.

Cucurbita (ku-kurb' -it-ah) [L., "a gourd"]. A genus
of plants of the order Cucurbitacea. C. fatidissima
is a species of North America; the leaf, root, and
seeds are edible and the bitter fruit is recommended
in the treatment of hemorrhoids. The ripe seed of
C. pepo, the pumpkin, is the pepo of the U. S. P.,
an anthelmintic. See pepo.

cucurbitation (ku-ker-bit-a'-shun) [cucurbitatio, a
cupping]. The operation of cupping.

Cuguillere's serum (koo-ge-yar) [E. Cuguillere,
French physician]. A preparation containing allyl
sulphide and tincture of myrrh, used hypodermat-
ically in cases of tuberculosis.

Cuignet's method (koo-en-ya) [Ferdinand Louis
Joseph Cuignet, French ophthalmologist, 1823- ].
Retinoscopy.

cuirass (kwe'-ras) [Fr.]. A close-fitting or im-
movable bandage for the front of the chest, c.
cancer. See cancer en cuirasse. c, tabetic, an
anesthetic area encircling the chest in tabetic patients.

culdesac (kul'-de-sak) [Fr.]. A closed or "blind"
pouch or sac. c, Douglas'. See under Douglas.

culex (ku'-leks) [L., "a gnat"]. A mosquito.
c. fasciatus. See Stegomyia fasciata. c. fatigans,
transmits filaria.

Culicidas (ku-lis'-id-e). A family of insects, order
Diptera, which includes the mosquitoes.

culicide (ku'-lis-id) [culex, a gnat; cadere, to kill].
Any agent which destroys mosquitoes.

culicifuge (kii-lis'-if-uj) [culex; fugare, to drive
away]. An agent to drive away mosquitoes.

culmen (kul'-men) [L., "summit"]. A part of the
cerebellum on the cephalic side of the vermis, c.
monticuli, the highest lobule of the cerebellum.

culminal (kul'-min-aV) [culmen, a summit]. Re-
lating to the culmen.

cultivation (kul-tiv-a'-shun). Same as culture.
c, fractional, cultivation in which a small piece of a
culture containing several species of bacteria is
transferred to a new medium and used to form a new
culture; and a small piece of this culture is similarly
transfer! ed to form another, and so on until a culture
of a single microorganism is obtained.

culture (kul'-chur) [colere, to till]. The growth of
microorganisms on artificial media. The act of
cultivating microorganisms on artificial media.
c, fractional. See c, pure, c, hanging-drop, a
culture in which the microorganism is inoculated into
a drop of fluid on a cover-glass and the latter is
inverted over a glass slide having a central concavity.
c.-medium, a substance used for cultivating bacteria.
Culture-media are either liquid or solid, bouillon and
milk being the important liquid media, and gelatin,
agar, blood-serum, and potato, the principal solid
media, c, needle-. See c, stab-, c, plate-, a
culture of bacteria on a medium spread upon a flat
plate or in a double dish, c, pure, a culture of a
single microorganism, c, slant-, one made on the
slanting surface of a medium, so as to get a greater
surface, c, stab-, one in which the medium is
inoculated by means of a needle bearing the micro-
organisms, and which is inserted deep down into the
medium, c, thrust-, same as c, stab-.

Culver's physic, or root (kul'-verz). See leptandra.

cumarin (ku' -mar-in). See coumarin.

cumene (ku'-men) [cumin], C9H12. A compound
made by distilling cumic acid with lime.

cumic (ku'-mik) [cumin]. Derived from or per-
taining to cumin, c. acid. See acid, cumic.

cumin (ku'-min) [cuminum, cumin]. An umbelli-
ferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, native in Egypt

CUMINIC

264

CURARA

and Syria. The fruit possesses well-marked stimu-
lating and carminative properties. Its active
principle is an oil.

cuminic (ku-min'-ik). See cumic.

cumol (ku'-mol). See cumene.

cumulative (ku'-mu-la-tiv) [cumulare, to heap up].
Increasing; adding to. c. action, c. effect, the
production of a marked and sudden result, after the
administration of a considerable number of com-
paratively ineffective doses.

cumulus (ku'-mii-lus) [L., a heap]. A heap or
mound, c. oophorus, the ovarian mound, or discus
proligerus. c. ovigerus. See ovule, c. proligerus.
See discus proligerus.

cundurango (kun-du-ran'-go). See condurango.

cuneal (ku'-ne-al) [cuneus]. See cuneiform.

cuneate (ku'-ne-at) [cuneus]. Wedge-shaped.
c. fasciculus, c. funiculus, the continuation of the
posteroexternal column of the cord into the medulla.
c. nucleus. See nucleus.

cuneiform (ku-ne'-if-orm) [cuneus; forma, shape].
Wedge-shaped; cuneate. c. bones, a wedge-shaped
bone of the carpus, and three wedge-shaped bones
at the anterior part of the tarsus, c. cartilage, a
cartilage beside the arytenoepiglottidean fold. c.
column. See Burdach's column.

cuneocuboid (ku-ne-o-skaf'-oid). Pertaining to
both the cuneiform and cuboid bones.

cuneohysterectomy (ku-ne-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [cu-
neus, wedge; varepa, the womb; &T0/Z17, a cutting
out]. The excision of a wedge-shaped piece of
uterine tissue, a procedure that has been advocated
in the treatment of anteflexion of the uterus.

cuneonavicular (ku-ne-o-nav-ik'-u-lar). Relating
to the cuneiform and the navicular bones.

cuneoscaphoid (ku-ne-o-skaf'-oid). Relating to
the cuneiform bones and to the scaphoid bone.

cuneus (ku'-ne-us) [L., "a wedge"]. A wedge-
shaped convolution on the median aspect of the
occipital lobe. Syn., cuneate lobule; internal occipital
lobule; lobulus cerebri cuneatus; lobulus cerebri occipi-
talis (inter nus); lobulus cuneatus; lobulus cuneiformis;
lobus cuneus; lobus pyriformis; triangular lobule.
c. cinereus. See ala cinerea. c. thalami optici
intergenicularis, that part of the thalamus lying
between the external and internal geniculate bodies.

cunicular (ku-nik'-u-lar). Furrowed.

cuniculus (ku-nik'-u-lus) [L., "a subterranean
passage"]. The burrow of the itch-mite. In the
plural, cuniculi, the semicircular canals of the ear.

Cunisset's test for bile-pigments (koo-ne-saf).
Addition to the urine of half its volume of chloroform
imparts a yellow color to the latter.

cunnilinguist (kun-e-ling'-gwist) [cunnus, the vulva;
lingere, to lick]. A sexual pervert who practises
licking the vulva.

cunnus (kun'-us) [L.]. The vulva.

cuorin (ku'-or-in). A substance which has been
isolated from heart muscles; it is a diphosphatide,
and is allied to lecithin.

cup (kup) [AS., cuppe], i. To bleed. 2. A
cupping-glass. 3. A drinking-vessel or the contents
of such a vessel, c.s, antimonial, cups made of
antimony which impart emetic properties to the
contained liquid, c, bitter, a drinking-cup of
quassia wood, c, Chinese, a drinking-vessel of red
arsenic which imparts cathartic properties to wine
left standing in it during the night, c, dry-, a cup
for merely drawing the blood to the surface, c,
favus,- a depression in a favus-scale surrounding a
hair, c, glaucomatous, a deep depression in the
optic papilla seen in cases of glaucoma, c.s, Mont-
gomery's. See Montgomery's cups. c. physiological,
the normal concavity of the optic papilla, c,
retinal, excavation of the optic disc, c, wet-, a cup
for abstracting blood through incisions in the skin.

Cuphea (ku'-fe-ah) [kvQos, a hump, from the
shape of the calyx]. A genus of plants of the order
Lythracecs. C. antisyphilitica, C. balsamona, C.
ingrata, and C. microphylla are employed in decoction
in the American tropics in the treatment of syphilis.
C. viscosissima, a viscid annual of the United States,
is a homeopathic remedy used in the treatment of
cholera infantum.

cuphosis (ku-fo'-sis). See kyphosis.

cupola (ku'-po-lah) [L., "a dome"]. The dome-
shaped extremity of the canal of the cochlea; also
the summit of a solitary gland of the small intestine.

cupped (kupt). Having the upper surface de-
pressed; applied to the coagulum of blood after

phlebotomy, c. disc, excavation of the optic papilla,
normally present in slight degree, but pathological if
excessive.

cupper (kup'-er). One who practices cupping.

cupping (kup'-ing) [cup]. 1. A method of blood-
derivation by means of the application of cupping-
glasses to the surface of the body. 2. The formation
of a cup-like depression, c, dry-, a form of counter-
irritation in which the blood is drawn to the surface
by means of a cup. This is used mainly in inflam-
matory affections of the lung, c.-glass, a small
bell-shaped glass capable of holding three to four
ounces, in which the air is rarefied by heat or by
exhaustion, and the glass applied to the skin, either
with or without scarification of the latter, c, wet-,
the abstraction of blood after scarification.

cupragol (ku'-pra-goV). A compound of copper
and albumin used in solutions of 1 to 5 % as an anti-
phlogistic and secretory stimulant.

cupram (ku'-pram) [cuprum], A solution of
copper carbonate in ammonia-water used as a fungi-
cide.

cuprammonic (ku-pram-on'-ik). Containing copper
and ammonia.

cuprargol (ku-prar'-goV). A cupronucleic acid
compound, occurring as a gray powder, slowly
soluble in water. It is used in the treatment of
conjunctivitis by instillation of a 1 to 5 % solution
once or several times daily; in trachoma used as an
astringent in 20 % aqueous solution.

cuprate (ku'-prat). A salt of cupric acid.

cupratin (ku'-pra-tin). A preparation of copper
albuminoid, similar to ferratin.

cuprea bark (ku'-pre-ah). The bark of certain
species of Remijia. It affords quinine and the
associated alkaloids.

cupreine (ku'-pre-in), C19H22N2O2. An alkaloid
derived from cuprea bark.

cuprene (ku'-pren), C7H8. A nonvolatile insoluble
hydrocarbon; a yellow, bulky solid consisting of
matted filaments resembling amadou in appearance,
obtained by passing a current of pure acetylene gas
over bright copper filings.

cuprescent (ku-pres'-ent). Having the appearance
of copper.

cupressin (ku-pres'-in). Cypress oil.

cupriaseptol (ku-pre-ah-sep'-tol). Copper sulpho-
carbolate.

cupric (ku'-prik). Containing copper as a bivalent
element, c. oxide. See copper oxide, black.

cuprocitrol (ku-pro-sit'-rol). A copper and citrol
derivative used in trachoma in 5 to 10 % salve.

cuprohemol (ku-pro-he'-mol). A compound of
copper and hemol used in tuberculosis. Dose I5-2
gr. (0.1-0.13 Gm.).

cuprol (ku'-prol). See copper nucleinate.

cuprosopotassic (ku-pro-so-po-tas'-ik). Relating
to a combination of cuprous salt and potassium.

cuprosulphate (ku-pro-sul'-fat). A double sulphate
containing copper.

cuprotartrate (ku-pro-tarr-trat). A combination
of copper and tartaric acid.

cuprous (ku'-prus). Containing copper as a
univalent element, c. oxide. See copper oxide, red.

cuprum (ku'-prum) [L.]. Copper. See copper.

cupula (ku'-pu-lah) [L.f "a little cup"]. An
invisible substance on the crista? acusticae that on
the application of fixation fluids coagulates and
becomes visible, c. terminalis. See membrana
tectoria.

cupular, cupulate (ku'-pu-lar, -lat). Cup-shaped.

cupule (ku'-pul) [cupula, a little cup]. In biology,
a cup-shaped organ, as an acorn-cup; or the sucking
apparatus of an insect's foot.

curacao, curagoa (ku-ra-so') [Dutch island of
Curacao, north of Venezuela]. A cordial or elixir
prepared from brandy, and flavored, principally with
orange-peel. It is used as a vehicle for certain
medicines.

curage (kil-rahzh) [Fr.]. 1. Curettage; cleansing
of the eye or of an ulcerated or carious surface.
2. A term used by some authorities for clearing the
uterine cavity by means of the finger, as distinguished
from the use of the curet.

curangin (ku-ran'-jin). A glucoside obtained
from Curanga amara. It is used as a febrifuge in
India and is similar in action to digitalis.

curara, curare, curari (ku-rah'-rah, -re) [S. A.].
Woorara. A vegetable extract obtained from
Paullinia curare and certain members of the Strychnos

CURARINE

265

CURVE

family. It is a powerful paralyzant of the motor
nerves and of the voluntary muscles. Its alkaloid
is curarine, C10H15N. Dose jhs &• (0.0006 Gm.)
hypodermatically. It is used in South America and
elsewhere as an arrow-poison. Toxic doses cause
death by paralysis of the organs of respiration. It
has been reported effectual in cases of hydrophobia
and tetanus. The initial dose is -^ gr. (0.0065 Gm.)
given hypodermatically in a watery solution; this
may be gradually increased to $ gr. (0.02 Gm.),
but the latter dose should be given with caution.

curarine (ku-rah'-ren). See curara.

curarization (ku-rah-riz-a'-shun) [curara]. The
state of one subjected to the full influence of curara
by hypodermatic injection. Voice and power of
motion are generally abolished, but not sensibility
to pain. Syn., curarism. c, spontaneous, conditions
of autointoxication occasioned by the paralyzing in-
fluence upon the circulation and upon the end-plates
of the neuromuscular system of toxic substances
produced in the body by the tetanization of the
muscles.

curarize (ku'-rah-riz). To bring a subject under
the influence of curara.

curatio (ku-ra'-she-o) [cura, care]. The treatment
and nursing of a patient.

curative (ku'-rat-iv) [cura, care]. Having a healing
tendency.

curcas (ker'-kas). Seejatropha.

curcin (Jker'-sin). A toxalbumina analogous to
ricin found in the seeds of Jatropha curcas.

curcuma (ker'-ku-mah) [L.]. Turmeric. The
rhizome of Curcuma longa, of India, a plant of the
Zingiber acece, with action similar to that of ginger.
It contains a yellow coloring-matter, cur cumin,
C14H14O4, and is employed as a yellow dye in phar-
macy, occasionally, to color ointments and other
preparations, and in chemistry its solution in alcohol
is used as a test for alkalies, which turn it brown.
Paper tinged with an alcoholic solution (turmeric
paper) may be used instead.

curcumin (ker'-kil-min) [curcuma, saffron], Cu-
H14O4. The coloring-matter of turmeric; it crystal-
lizes in orange-yellow prisms, and melts at 1770 C.
It dissolves in the alkalies to brownish-red salts.

curd (kerd) [ME.]. The coagulum of milk that
separates on the addition of rennet or an acid to
milk.

cure (kur) [cura, care]. The successful treatment
of a disease; also, a system of treatment, as faith-
cure, mind-cure, grape-cure, water-cure (see hydro-
pathy), hunger-cure, rest-cure, etc. c, potato, a
method of treating foreign bodies in the alimentary
tract by the ingestion of mashed potatoes. The body
becomes embedded in the potato-mass that is formed.

curettage (ku-ret-ahj'). See curettement.

curette, curet (ku-ref) [Fr.]. An instrument,
shaped like a spoon or scoop, for scraping away
exuberant or dead tissue.

curettement (ku-ret'-ment) [Fr., curettement]. The
removal of vegetations, retained placenta, etc.,
by means of a curet. Syn., curetage; cureting;
curettage; curettement.

curetting (ku'-ret-ing). See curettement.

curie (ku'-re) [Marie Sklodowska Curie, Polish-
French physicist, 1867- ]. Unit of measurement
of radium emanations, or of radio-active substances.

curiae (kii'-ren). An alkaloid obtained from
curare; a microcrystalline powder slightly soluble
in cold water, easily soluble in alcohol, chloroform,
and dilute acids. It has no effect upon the motor
nerves, but acts upon the heart.

curled (kurld). Occurring in parallel chains of
wavy strands, as in colonies of anthrax bacillus.

Curling's ulcer. A duodenal ulcer produced by
extensive burns of the skin.

currant-jelly clot. A soft, red clot seen post-
mortem in the heart and blood-vessels.

current (kur'-ent) [currere, to run]. A term ap-
plied to the transference of electric force, which is
likened to the flow of a liquid in a tube, c, ab-
terminal, the secondary current observed at any
point in the nerve or muscle on the passage of a
single induction shock, c, adterminal, the negative
current observed at any point in a nerve or muscle
on the passage of a single induction shock, c,
after-, a current produced in nervous or muscular
tissue when a constant current which has been
flowing through the same has been stopped, c,
alternating, a term applied to a current which, by

means of an interrupter, is alternately direct and
reverse, c, anelectrotonic, that observed at the
anode on passage of a constant current through a
nerve, c.s, angular, those which are inclined to
each other at some angle, c, ascending, the current
formed by placing the positive electrode upon the
periphery of a nerve and the negative higher up on
the trunk of the nerve, or on the surface over the
nerve-center in the spinal cord, c, battery, a
galvanic current, c, branchy See c, derived.
c.-breaker, a rheotome. c, centrifugal, a descending
current, c, centripetal, an ascending current.
c.-changer, a rheotrope. c, combined, that obtained
by the combined action of the galvanic and faradic
currents, c.-condenser, an apparatus for collecting
the extra currents generated by an induction machine
in operation which it combines to form a current of
opposite direction to that of the battery current, and
which upon being transmitted to the core demag-
netizes it and thus increases the rapidity of the inter-
ruption and the strength of the induced current.
c, constant. See c, continuous, c, continuous, a
constant, uninterrupted current in one direction.
c, d'Arsonval, the high potential discharge of a
current-condenser through a large solenoid of wire.
c, derived, a current drawn off by a derivation-wire
from the main current, c, descending, one passing
through a nerve centrifugally, the anode being placed
proximally, the kathode, distally. c, direct, a
current constant in direction, in contradistinction
to an alternating current, c, faradic, the current
produced by an induction-coil or by a magneto-
electric machine, c, galvanic, a current generated
by the decomposition of acidulated water by means
of metallic plates, c.s, induced. See c.s, secondary.
c, inducing, a primary current; one which, by its
opening or closure, produces a faradic current in an
adjoining circuit. Cf. c.s, induced, c.s, induction,
c.s, inductive. See c.s, secondary, c, interrupted,
a current that is alternately opened and closed.
c.-interrupter, a rheotome. c, katelectrotonic, that
observed at the kathode on passage of a constant
current through a nerve, c, labile, a current
applied while moving one or both electrodes over the
surface treated, c, magnetoelectric, > a faradic
current generated by a magnet, c, primary. See
c, inducing, c, primitive, an electric current from
which a derived current has not been drawn off.
c.-regulator, a rheostat, c, reversed, that produced
by changing the poles, c.-reverser, a rheotrope.
c.s, secondary, momentary currents produced in a
coil of insulated wire, introduced within the field of
another coil, when the circuit is made or broken
in the second coil, c, sinuous, one sent in a curved
line, c, sinusoidal, an alternating induced electric
current in which the electromotive force is so varied
that its rise and fall in a positive direction are im-
mediately succeeded without a break by an exactly
corresponding fall and rise in the negative direction,
and the rise and fall in both directions would, if
graphically illustrated, describe a sine curve, c,
spinal-cord, an electric current applied by placing
both the electrodes on the spine, c, spinal-cord
muscle, an electric current in the application of
which one electrode is placed over the spine, the other
over a muscle, c, spinal-cord nerve, an electric
current in the application of which one electrode is
placed on the spine, the other on a nerve, c, stabile,
a . current applied with both electrodes in a fixed
position, c, static, the current from a static machine.
c, uniform, an electric current which retains the
same strength throughout its application, c,
voltaic, the continuous current.

curriculum (kur-ik'-u-lum) [L.]. The regular
course of study in a college.

Curschmann's spirals (koorsh'-man) [Heinrich
Curschmann, German physician, 1846-1910]. Spiral
threads of mucin contained in the small, thick pellets
that are expectorated during an asthmatic paroxysm.
They are supposed to be casts of the bronchioles,
and contain Charcot-Leyden crystals and eosinophil
cells.

curvature (kur'-va-tur) [curvare, to curve]. A
bending or curving, c, angular. See Pott's c.
c, compensatory, in spinal curvature, a secondary
curve, occurring as the result of the efforts of the
trunk to maintain its upright position, c, lateral,
scoliosis, c, Pott's. See Pott's curvature, c. of
spine, a bending of the vertebral column.

curve (kerv) [curvus, bent]. A bending or flexure.

CUSCAMIDINE

266

CYANOGEN

c, Barnes'. See Barnes' curve, c.-basis, a common
level from which spring the ascending lines of a
sphygmographic tracing, c. of Cams. See Cams'
curve, c, Ellis-Damoiseau's, c, Garland's S-. See
Ellis' line. c, staircase-, the myographic curve
produced by repeated stimulation, c, temperature-,
a graphic curve showing the variations of the tem-
perature for a given period, c.s, Traube's, c, Traube-
Hering's. See under Traube.

cuscamidine (kus-kam' -id-en) [cusco; amide]. An
alkaloid found in cinchona bark.

cuscamine (kus'-kam-en). An alkaloid found in
cinchona bark.

cusco bark (kus'-ko bark). A kind of cinchona;
the bark of a variety of Cinchona pubescens.

Cusco's speculum (kus'-ko) [Edouard Gabriel
Cusco, French surgeon, 1819-1894]. A bivalve
vaginal speculum.

cusconidine (kus-kon' -id-en) [cusco]. An alkaloid
found in cinchona bark.

cusconine (kus'-ko-nen) [cusco], C23H26N2O4. A
crystalline alkaloid found in Cinchona bark.

Cushing's suture (koosh'-ing) [Harvey Williams
Cushing, American surgeon, 1869- ]. A con-
tinuous intestinal suture.

cushion (koosh'-un). In anatomy, an aggregate of
adipose or elastic tissue relieving pressure upon
tissues lying beneath, c, coronary, the matrix of
the upper edge of the hoofs in solipeds. c. of the
epiglottis, the tubercle of the epiglottis, a median
elevation of the mucosa within the larynx below the
epiglottis, c, Eustachian, a part of the posterior
wall of the Eustachian tube, c, Passavant's, the
bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, produced
during the act of swallowing, by the upper portion
of the superior constrictor pharyngis. c, plantar,
in solipeds, a cuneiform fibrous body lying between
the plantar part of the hoof and the perforans tendon.
c, sucking, fatty pads found on the buccinator mus-
cles in young infants.

cusp (kusp) [cuspis, a point]. The eminence on
the crown of a tooth.

cusparia bark (kus-pa'-re-ah bark). See angustura.

cuspated, cusped, cuspid, cuspidal (kusp-a'-ted,
kuspd', kusp' -id, kusp'-id-al). See cuspidate.

cuspidate (kus'-pid-at) [cuspis, a point]. Tipped
with a sharp, rigid point.

cuspid teeth (kus'-pid). The four teeth that have
conical crowns. They are situated, one on each
side, in each jaw, between the lateral incisor and
first bicuspid.

cusso (koos'-o). Bray era. The cusso of the U. S.
P. is the dried panicles of the pistillate flowers of
Hagenia abyssinica. It contains tannic acid, a
volatile oil, and a crystalline principle, koussin,
C31H38O10. It is a valuable anthelmintic against
tape-worms. In large doses it produces nausea and
emesis. Dose 240 gr. (16 Gm.). Syn., cusso; cousso;
kousso. c. infusion of (infusum cusso, B. P.). Dose
4-8 oz. (118-235 Cc).

cutal (ku'-tal). See aluminum borotannate.

cutaneous (ku-ta'-ne-us) [cutis]. Pertaining to
the skin. c. emphysema. See emphysema, cutane-
ous, c. reflex, a reflex action from irritation of the
skin. c. respiration, the transpiration of gases
through the skin.

Cuterebra noxialis (ku-ter-e'-brah noks-e-a'-lis).
A bot-fly belonging to the Ostridcs, whose larva may
cause myiasis in man.

cuticle (ku'-tik-l) [cutis]. The epidermis or scarf-
skin, c, enamel. See Nasmyth's cuticle.

cuticolor (ku'-ti-kul-or) [cutis; color]. A term
descriptive of various ointments and powders simu-
lating the color of the skin and used in the treatment
of skin diseases.

cuticolous (ku-tik'-ol-us) [cutis; colere, to inhabit].
Living under the skin; said of parasitic larva?.

cuticula (ku-tik'-u-lah) [dim. of cutis, a skin].
The outer, finely lamellated layer of the wall of
hydatid cysts, c. dentis, the cuticle of a tooth;
Nasmyth's membrane; the delicate horny envelope
that covers the enamel of young and unworn teeth.
c. pili, the cuticle of the root-sheath of a hair.

cuticular (ku-tik'-u-lar). Pertaining to, resembling,
or of the nature of cuticle.

cuticularization (ku-tik-u-lar-iz-a'-shun) [cuticula,
dim. of cutis, the skin]. The formation of a cuticula.

cutification (ku-tif-ik-a' -shun) [cutis; facere, to
make]. The formation of skin.

cutin (ku'-tin) [cutis], 1. In biology, cork-sub-

stance ; a modification of cellulose, also called suberin.
2. A preparation of the muscular layer of the intestine
of cattle. It is used for dressing wounds and as a
substitute for catgut.

cutipunctor (ku-te-punk'-tor) [cutis, skin; punctor,
puncturer]._ An instrument for puncturing the skin.

cutireaction (ku-te-re-ak'-shun) [cutis, skin; reac-
tion]. See Pirquet's reaction, Moro's test.

cutis (ku'-tis) [L.]. The derma or true skin.
c. aerea, the bronze color of the skin in Addison's
disease, c. anserina. See goose-flesh, c. laxa.
See dermatolysis. c. pendula, a flabby skin. c.
testacea, a variety of seborrhea in which the trunk
and extensor surfaces of the extremities are covered
with large, thick plates of greasy, inspissated sebum,
usually greenish or blackish, from accumulation of
dirt upon them. c. unctuosa. Synonym of sebor-
rhea. > c. vera, the corium.

cutisector (ku-te-sek'-tor) [cutis; sector, a cutter].
An instrument for taking small sections of skin
from the living subject.

cutitis (ku-ti'-tis). Inflammation of the skin;
dermatitis.

cutization (ku-tiz-a'-shun) [cutis, skin]. The
acquirement of the characters of true skin by exposed
mucous membrane.

cut-off (kut'-off). A device for cutting off the
flow of a gas or liquid or electric current, cut-off
muscle, a popular designation for the compressor
urethra? muscle. See muscles, table of.

cutol (kii'-tol). See aluminum borotannate.

Cuvier's canals (koo'-ve-a) [Georges Leopold
Chretien Frederic Dagobert Cuvier, French scientist,
1 769-1832]. In the embryo, two short vessels
opening into the common trunk of the omphalo-
mesenteric veins, each being formed by the union of
two veins, the anterior cardinal, or jugular, and the
posterior cardinal veins. The right one becomes the
superior vena cava; the left one disappears.

Cy. Abbreviation for cyanogen; sometimes used
instead of the chemical symbol CN.

cyanacetyl (si-an-as'-et-il). See acetyl isocyanide.

cyanalcohol (si-an-al'-ko-hol) [nvavos, dark-blue;
alcohol]. Cyanhydrin; a substance obtained by the
union of an aldehyde with hydrocyanic acid.

cyanaldehyde (si-an-al' -de-hid) [nvavos, dark-blue;
aldehyde]. A substitution-compound of acetic alde-
hyde.

cyanate (si'-an-at). A salt of cyanic acid.

cyanemia, cyansemia (si-an-e'-me-ah). Bluish
blood, due to imperfect oxygenation.

cyanephidrosis (si-an-ef-id-ro'-sis) [kvclvos, blue;
i<j>iSpo3(ns, sweat]. Blue sweat.

cyanformic (si-an-form'-ik). Containing formic
acid and cyanogen.

cyanhematin (si-an-hem'-at-in) [icvavos, blue;
alfia, blood]. A substance produced by adding a
solution of cyanide of potassium to a solution of
blood, and heating gently for some time.

cyanhemoglobin (si-an-hem-o-glo'-bin). A com-
pound of hydrocyanic acid with hemoglobin formed
in cases of poisoning with this acid. It gives the
blood a bright red color.

cyanhidrosis (si-an-hid-ro-sis) . Same as cyanephi-
drosis.

cyanhydric acid. Same as hydrocyanic acid.

cyanhydrin (si-an-hi'-drin). See cyanalcohol.

cyanhydrosis (si-an-hid-ro'-sis). See cyanephi-
drosis.

cyanic (si-an'-ik) [tcbavos, blue]. 1. Blue or
bluish. 2. Relating to or containing cyanogen.
c. acid. See acid, cyanic.

cyanide (si'-an-id) [nvavos, blue]. Any compound
of cyanogen with a metal or a radical. Most of the
cyanides are actively poisonous.

cyanidrosis (si-an-id-ro'-sis). Same as cyanephi-
drosis.

cyano- (si-an-o-) [/cbavos, blue]. A prefix meaning
blue.

cyanochroia (si-an-o-kroi'-ah) [cyano-; \pola, color].
Cyanosis.

cyanoderma (si-an-o-der'-mah) [cyano-; dkpua,
skin]. Cyanosis.

cyanoform (si-an'-o-form), CH(CN)3. A com-
pound occurring in small needles obtained by heating
chloroform and potassium cyanide and alcohol.

cyanogen (si-an'-o-jen) [cyano-; yewav, to produce].
A radical having the structure CN, an acid compound
of carbon and nitrogen, existing as a colorless, com-
bustible gas; it is exceedingly poisonous. Syn.,

CYANOMYCOSIS

267

CYLINDROID

prussin. c. iodide, a poisonous crystalline substance
produced by combining cyanogen and iodine.

cyanomycosis (si-an-o-mi-ko'-sis) [cyano-; pvktjs,
fungus]. The production of blue pus, or of pus
charged with micrococcus pyocyaneus.

cyanopathy (si-an-op' -a-the) . See cyanosis.

cyanophil, cyanophile (si-an'-o-fil) [cyano-; <f>t\elv,
to love]. Auerbach's term for the blue-staining
nuclear substance of cells of plants and animals.

cyanophilic, cyanophilous (si-an-o-fil'-ik, -of'-il-us).
Having an especial affinity for blue or green dyes.

cyanophyl (si-an'-o-fil) [cyano-; tpvXXov, leaf].
Fremy's name for a supposed blue constituent of
chlorophyl.

cyanopia, cyanopsia (si-an-o'-pe-ah, -op'-se-ah)
[cyano-; &j/, eye]. A perverted state of the vision
rendering all objects blue.

cyanosed (si'-an-ozd). Affected with cyanosis.

cyanosis (si-an-o'-sis) [kvclvos, blue]. A bluish
discoloration of the skin from deficient oxidation of
the blood, caused by local or general circulatory
disturbances, c, congenital, blue disease; cyanosis
due to a congenital lesion of the heart or of the great
vessels, c, local, the preferred term for local
anemia, digiti mortui, regional ischemia, or local
syncope.

cyanospermia (si-an-o-sper'-me-ah) [cyano-; o-ireppa,
sperm]. _ Semen of a bluish tint.

cyanotic (si-an-ot'-ik) [kvcu>os, blue]. Relating to
or affected with cyanosis.

cyanurea (si-an-u'-re-ah), C2H3N3O. An amor-
phous body obtained from urea by action of cyanogen
iodide with heat.

cyanuric (si-an-u'-rik). Relating to or containing
cyanurea;

cyanurin (si-an-u'-rin) [kvclvos, blue; ovpov, urine].
Uroglaucin or urine-indigo; indigo found in the urine
in cystitis and in chronic kidney-diseases; it is also
occasionally found in apparent health.

cyasma (si-az'-mah) [Kveeiv, to be pregnant; pi.,
cyasmata]. The peculiar freckle sometimes seen
upon pregnant women.

cyathus (si'-a-thus) [kvo.6os, cup]. 1. A cup or
glass. 2. The canal of the infundibulum cerebri.

cyclarthrosis (sik-lar-thro'-sis) [kvkXos, a circle;
apOpcMns, a joint]. A circular or rotatory articula-
tion.

cyclasterion scarlatinale (si-klas-te'-re-on skar-lat-
in-a'-le). A supposed protozoal parasite found in
the cutaneous cells in scarlet fever.

cycle (si'-k'l) [kvkXos, a circle]. A period in
which a round of operations or events is repeated;
a succession of events or symptoms, c, aberrant,
the establishment of communication between the
pulmonary and bronchial vessels from congestion
due to mitral stenosis, c, cardiac, the complete
cardiac movements embracing the systolic and
diastolic movements, with the interval between them.
c, cardiacovascular, the circuit of the blood through
the organism, c. of generation, c, generations,
Haeckel's term for the successive changes through
which an individual passes from its birth to the
period when it is capable of reproducing its kind.
c. of Golgi. See under Golgi. c. of Ross. See under
Ross.

cyclencephalus (si-klen-sef'-al-us). See cycloceph-
alus.

cyclic (si'-klik) [cycle]. 1. Having cycles or
periods of exacerbation or change; intermittent.
2. Having a self-limited course, as certain diseases.
c. albuminuria. See albuminuria, cyclic, c. com-
pound, in chemistry, an organic compound belonging
to the closed-chain series, c. insanity. See insanity,
circular.

cyclitic shell (si-klit'-ik) [kvkXikos, circular].
A coherent, solid, fibrous mass of exudate, completely
enveloping the crystalline lens.

cyclitis (si-kli'-tis) [kvkXos, a circular body; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the ciliary body,
manifested by a zone of congestion in the sclerotic
coat surrounding the cornea. It may be serous,
plastic, or suppurative. Iridocyclitis is the involve-
ment of both iris and ciliary body in the inflammatory
process.

cyclo- (si-klo-) [kvkXos, a circle]. A prefix meaning
relating to a circle or to the ciliary body.

cyclocephalus (si-klo-sef'-al-us) [cyclo-; Ke<paXri,
head]. A species of single autositic monsters char-
acterized by a more or less complete absence of the
olfactory organs, together with an intimate union of

imperfectly developed or rudimentary visual organs,
situated in the median line.

cyclochoroiditis (si-klo-ko-roid-i'-tis) [cyclo-; cho-
roiditis]. Combined inflammation of the ciliary
body and the choroid.

cyclodialysis (si-klo-di-al'-is-is). Detachment of
the ciliary body from the sclera. It is performed
purposely to effect reduction of intraocular tension
in certain cases of glaucoma, especially when iridec-
tomy is contraindicated or has failed.

cyclophoria (si-klo-fo'-re-ah) [cyclo-; fcptiv, to
bear]. 1. A term applied to the circulation of the
fluids of the body. 2. An insufficiency of the oblique
muscles of the eye, giving the eyes a tendency to
roll outward or inward, so that the naturally vertical
meridians would diverge either at the upper or lower
extremities.

cyclopia (si-klo' -pe-ah). See synophthalmia.

cycloplegia (si-klo-ple'-je-ah) [cyclo-; irXvyn, a
stroke]. Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the
eye.

cycloplegic (si-klo-ple'-jik). 1. Relating to cyclo-
plegia. 2. A drug which paralyzes the ciliary muscle.

Cyclops (si'-klops) [Cyclops, a mythological monster
with one eye located in the middle of the forehead].
A congenital malformation consisting in a fusion of
the two eyes into one. c. quadricornis (kwad-re-
kor'-nis). A fresh-water crutacean (copepod) which
serves as intermediary host in the development of
Filaria medinensis.

cyclotherapy (si-klo-ther'-a-pe) [kvkXos, wheel;
Bepaireia, therapy]. The use of the bicycle as a
therapeutic measure.

cyclothymia (si-klo-thi'-me-ah) [kvkXos, circle;
dvfios, mind]. Cyclic insanity. See insanity.

cyclothymiac (si-klo-thi'-me-ak). Affected with
cyclothymia; a person so affected.

cyclotome (sik'-lo-tom) [kvkXos, circle; rofibs,
cutting]. A kind of knife for performing cyclotomy.

cyclotomy (si-klot'-o-me) [cyclo-; Top.it, section].
An operation for the relief of glaucoma, consisting
of an incision through the ciliary body.

cydonium (si-do' -ne-um) [kvowviov, a quince].
Quince-seed. The seeds of Cydonia vulgaris, em-
ployed mainly for the mucilage contined in the
covering, which consists of a compound of gum and
glucose, and is a bland demulcent; it is also used as a
hair-dressing.

cyematocardia (si-em-at-o-kar'-de-ah) [kvtiplo., a
fetus; KdpSca, a heart]. Fetal rhythm of the heart-
sounds.

cyesiognosis (si-e-se-og-no'-sis) [kvtio~vs, preg-
nancy; 7>w«, knowledge]. The diagnosis of
pregnancy.

cyesiology (si-e-se-ol'-o-je) [kvt}<tis, pregnancy;
X670S, treatise]. The science of gestation in its
medical aspects.

cyesis (si-e'-sis) [Kvrjais, pregnancy]. Pregnancy.

cyetic (si-et'-ik) [cyesis]. Relating to pregnancy.

Cyl. Abbreviation for cylinder, or cylindrical lens.

cylicotomy (sil-ik-ot'-o-me) [kvXi£, cup; rkp.vtiv,
to cut]. Surgical incision of the ciliary muscle.

cylinder (sil'-in-der) [KiiXivdpos, a cylinder]. 1. An
elongated body of the same transverse diameter
throughout and circular on transverse section. 2. See
cast. 3. A cylindrical lens, c.s, Bence Jones'. See
Bence-Jones' cylinders.

cylindrenchyma . (sil-in-dreng'-kim-ah) [kvXivSpos,
a cylinder; iy\vpa, an infusion]. A tissue composed
of cylindrical cells.

cylindric, cylindrical (sil-in'-drik, sil-in'-drik-al)
[kvXwSpos, a cylinder]. Pertaining to or like a
cylinder, c. lens. See lens.

cylindroadenoma (sil-in-dro-ad-en-o'-mah). An
adenoma containing cylindrical masses of hyaline
matter.

cylindrocephalic (sil-in-dro-sef-al'-ik). Affected
with cylindrocephaly.

cylindrocephaly (sil-in-dro-sef'-a-le) [KvXivdpos,
cylinder; Kt<pdXi), head]. A cylindrical formation of
the skull.

cylindrodendrite (sil-in-dro-den'-drit). See paraxon.

cylindroid (sil'-in-droid) [cylinder; elSos, likeness],
A name given to a mucous cast frequently found in
the urine in cases of mild irritation of the kidney.
Cylindroids are ribbon-like forms, usually of great
length, and of about the same diameter as renal
casts. They may assume various shapes. One
extremity is usually pointed and may be drawn out
into a long tail.

CYLINDROMA

268

CYRTOMETOPUS

cylindroma (sil-in-dro'-mah) [cylinder; 5/xa, a
tumor]. A myxosarcoma in which the degeneration
is confined to areas surrounding the blood-vessels.

cylindrosarcoma (sil-in-dro-sar-ko'-mah). A tumor
containing both cylindromatous and sarcomatous
elements.

cylindrosis (sil-in-dro'-sis) [icvKevSpow, to roll].
A variety of bony articulation, the bone being rolled
upon itself to form a canal and than a suture, as in
the cranium.

cylindruria (sil-in-dru'-re-ah) [cylinder; olpov,
urine]. The discharge of urine containing hyaline
casts or cylindroids.

cyllin (sil'-in). Trade name of a preparation of
creolin, used as a disinfectant.

cyllopodia (sil-o-po'-de-ah) [kvW6ttovs, crook-
footed]. The state of having a distorted foot,
especially talipes varus.

cyllosis (sil-o'-sis) [kO\\uo-is, crippled]. Club-
foot; lameness from deformity.

cyllosoma (sil-o-so'-mah) [kvX\6s, lame; <r&na, a
body; pi., cyllosomata], A variety of single autositic
monsters of the species celosoma, in which there is a
lateral eventration occupying principally the lower
portion of the abdomen, with absence or imperfect
development of the lower extremity on that side
occupied by the eventration.

cyllosomus (sil-o-so'-mus) [kvXKos, crooked; crufia,
body]. A monster characterized by an eventration
in the side of the lower abdominal region and imper-
fect development of the corresponding leg.

cyllum (sil'-um) [kv\\6s, crooked]. Knock-knee.

cymarin (si' -mar-in). Trade name of a preparation
of Apocynum canabinum; it is used like digitalis.

cymba (sim'-bah) [Kvpfi-q, a boat]. In biology, a
boat-shaped sponge-spicule. c. conchae, the upper
part of the concha of the ear, above the root of the
helix.

cymbiform (sim'-bif-orm) [cymba, boat; forma,
shape]. In biology, boat-shaped, c. bone, the
scaphoid bone.

cymbocephalic, cymbocephalous (sim-bo-sef-al'-ik,
sim-bo-sef'-al-us) [ki^/Stj, boat; Ke<pa\fi, head].
Exhibiting cymbocephaly.

cymbocephaly (sim-bo-sef'-a-le) [kvuPt], boat;
Ke<pa\r), head]. The condition of having a boat-
shaped head.

cyme (slm) [icv/ia, a young sprout]. In biology, a
loose flower-cluster on the determinate or centrifugal
plan.

cymene (si'-men) [cyminum, cumin], C10H14. A
hydrocarbon that occurs, together with cumic
aldehyde in Roman caraway oil (from Cuminum
cyminum), and in other ethereal oils.

cymenyl (si'-men-il), C10H13. The univalent radi-
cal found in cymene.

cymic (si'-mik). Relating to cymene.

cymol (si' -mot). See cymene.

cymose (si'-mos) [kujuo, a young sprout]. In
biology, pertaining to a cyme; bearing cymes.

cynanche (sin-ang'-ke) [kvup, dog; &yxeu>, to
strangle]. An old name for any acute affection of
the throat, as diphtheria, croup, tonsillitis, etc., in
which the patient struggles for breath, (as a panting
dog), c. dysarthritica, sore throat sometimes
resulting in abscess occurring during the course of an
attack of arthritis. Syn., arthritic angina, c. ma-
ligna, a fatal form of sore throat, c. sublingualis,
inflammation of the connective tissue of the floor
of the mouth, c. suffocativa. Synonym of croup.
c. tonsillaris. See quinsy.

cynanthropia (sin-an-thro'-pe-ah) [kvwv, dog; avdpw-
71-os, a man]. A mania in which the patient believes
himself a dog, and imitates the actions of one.

cynapine {si' -nap-en). A poisonous alkaloid
obtained from the seeds of JEthusa cynapium.

cyniatria (si-ne-a'-tri-ah) [kvuv, dog; iarpela,
medication]. The science or treatise of the diseases
of the dog and their treatment.

cynic (sin'-ik) [kwikos, dog-like]. Pertaining to a
dog. c. spasm, a contraction of the facial muscles
upon one side so as to expose the teeth, in the manner
of an angry dog.

cynobex hebetica (si'-no-beks he-bet' -ik-ah) [kvwv,
dog; /Si7£, cough; riPrjTiKos, youthful]. The convul-
sive cough of puberty; a loud, dry, barking cough
that often attacks boys and girls at puberty.

cynocephalous (si-no-sef'-al-us) [kvuv, dog; Ke<pa\rj,
the head]. With the head dog-shaped.

cynodontes (si-no-don' -tez) [kvwv, dog; 6S6vs,

tooth]. The canine teeth, so called from their
resemblance to the teeth of a dog.

Cynoglossum (si-no-glos'-um) [kvuv, dog; y\&a<ra,
the tongue]. A genus of boraginaceous plants.
The powdered root, leaves, and flowers of C. officinale,
hound's-tongue, are recommended as a cure for ul-
cerated epithelioma; application twice daily.

cynolyssa (si-no-lis'-ah) [kvuv, dog; \vo-oa, rabies].
Hydrophobia; rabies.

cynomania (si-no-ma' -ne-ah) [kvuv, dog; p&via,
madness]. Term proposed by Ellis (1899) as a
substitute for lyssa or rabies.

cynophobia (si-no-fo'-be-ah) [kvuv, a dog; <p6pos,
fear]. 1. Morbid fear of dogs. 2. Imaginary hydro-
phobia.

cynorexia (si-no-reks'-e-ah) [kvcov, dog; 8pe£«,
appetite]. Canine voracity; bulimia.

cynospasmus (si-no-spaz'-mus) [kvuv, dog; o~wao~nos,
spasm]. Same as cynic spasm.

cynurenic acid (sin-u-ren'-ik) [see cynurin],
C20H14N2O6+2H2O. A crystalline acid found in
dog's urine. It is a decomposition-product of pro-
teids. On heating it cynurin is evolved.

cynurin (sin'-u-rin) [kvuv, dog; olpov, urine],
C18H14N2O2. A base from cynurenic acid.

Cyon's nerve (se-on(g)) [Elie de Cyon, Russian
physiologist, 1843- ]. The depressor nerve of
the heart, derived from the pneumogastric.

cyophoria (si-o-fo'-re-ah) [kvos, fetus; <pkpti.v, to
carry]. Pregnancy; gestation.

cyophorin (si-off'-or-in). See gravidin.

cyopin (si'-o-pin) [nvaveos, blue; -kvov, pus]. The
coloring-matter found in blue-pus.

cyotrophy (si-ot'-ro-fe) [kvos, fetus; rpcxfiri, nourish-
ment]. Nutrition of the fetus.

Cyperus (si-pe'-rus) [icvireipos, a sweet-smelling
marsh-plant]. A genus of sedges. C. articulatus,
adrue, a species of South America, is antiemetic and
tonic. Dose of fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc.).
C. rotundus is a tropical species, the tubers of which
are tonic and stimulant and are used in treatment
of cholera.

cyphosis (si-fo'-sis). See kyphosis.

cyphotic (si-fot'-ik). See kyphotic.

cypress oil (si'-pres). Oleum cupressi. An oil
distilled from the leaves and young branches of
cupressus sempervirens.

cyprian (sip'-re-an) [island of Cyprus, the original
source of copper]. Containing copper.

cypridol (sip'-rid-ol). A 1 % solution of nascent
mercuric iodide in aseptic oil; it is used in syphilis
(dose 3 gr.-o.2 Gm.) and as an application in skin

cypridopathy (sip-rid-op'-ath-e) [Kinrpis, Venus;
ir6Bos, disease]. An adenopathy of venereal origin.

cypripedin (sip-rip-e'-din) [Ku7rpis, Venus; ir65u>v,
a slipper]. A precipitate from the tincture of
Cypripedium pubescens; antispasmodic, nervine,
narcotic. Dose i to 3 grains.

cypripedium (sip-re-pe'-de-um) [Kvirpis, Venus;
vobiov, a slipper]. Lady's-slipper. The roots of
C. pubescens and C. parviflorum, American valerian,
the properties of which are due to a volatile oil and
an acid. It is an antispasmodic and stimulant tonic,
used instead of valerian, which it resembles. Dose of
the fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc).

cypriphobia (sip-rif-o'-be-ah) [Kvirpis, Venus,
<j>6flos, fear]. 1. Fear of sexual intercourse. 2. Fear
of contracting venereal disease.

Cyprus fever (si'-prus fev-er). Same as Malta
fever. C. vitriol. Same as blue vitriol.

cyrtocephalus (sir-to-sef'-al-us) [kvptos, convex;
Ke<t>a\v, head]. Having a short head.

cyrtocoryphus (sir-to-kor'-if-us) [kvptos, convex;
Kopv<pii, the crown of the head]. Lissauer's term for
a skull with a parietal angle between 1220 and 132 °.

cyrtograph (sir'-to-graf) [kvptos, curved; yptupeiv,
to record]. A recording cyrtometer.

cyrtoid (sir'-toid) [kvptos, curved; eldos, likeness].
Hump-like.

cyrtoma (sir-to' -mah) [KvpTupa, a curving; pi.,
cyrtomata]. A convexity, especially one that is
abnormal.

cyrtometer (sir-torn' -et-er) [kvptos, curved; ukrpov,
a measure]. An instrument adapted for measuring
curves. One form is used to locate the fissures of
the brain.

cyrtometopus (sir-to-met-o'-pus) [kvptos, convex;
p.kToirov, the forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle formed by lines connecting the

CYRTOMETRY

269

CYSTICUS

nasion with the bregma and the metopion is between
120° and 130.5°.

cyrtometry (sur-tom'-et-re) [kvptos, curved; pkrpov,
a measure]. The measurement of the curves of the
body.

cyrtonosus (sir-ton' -o-sus) [kvptos, curved; vbaos,
a disease]. Synonym for rhachitis.

cyrtopisthocranius (sir-to-pis-tho-kra'-ne-us) [kvptos,
curved; 6iri<reoKpiu>iov, the occiput]. Lissauer's
term for a skull in which the angle of the summit
of the occiput is between 117° and 1400.

cyrtosis^ (sir-to'-sis) [kvptos, curved]. 1. Spinal
curvature. 2. Any deformity of the bones.

cyrturanus (sir-tu-ra'-nus) [kvptos, curved; ovpavos,
the roof of the mouth]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle of the roof of the mouth is between
1320 and I47.50-

cyst (sist) [kvotls, a pouch]. 1. A bladder. 2. A
cavity containing fluid and surrounded by a capsule.
c.s, adgenic, congenital dermoid cysts adhering to the
genial tubercles, c.s, adhyoid, dermoid cysts ad-
herent to the hyoid bone, c, adventitious, one in-
closing a foreign body, c, air-, one containing gas.
c, allantoic, cystic dilation of the urachus. c, ap-
oplectic, one inclosing a cerebral effusion of blood.
c, arachnoid, a meningeal hematoma, c, athero-
matous. See atheroma (1). c.s, Baker's. See
Baker's cysts, c, blood-. See hematoma, c, Boy-
er's. See Boyer's cyst, c, branchial, one formed
from incomplete closure of a branchial cleft in an
embryo, c. of the broad ligament, one originating
in the ovary and developing between the layers of
the broad ligament, c, butter-, a cystic tumor of the
mammary gland containing semisolid contents of
yellowish-brown color and of buttery consistence,
that may harden with exposure to the air. c,
chyle, one in the mesentery containing chyle, c,
colloid, a cyst with jelly-like contents, c, compound.
See c, multilocular. c, conjunctival, a rare congenital
cyst, transparent and of the size of a pea, occurring
near the corneal margin, c, Cowperian, c, Cowper's.
See under Cowper. c.s, crab's-eye, small vesicles
which appear over Heberden's nodosities, c,
cutaneous. See c, dermoid, c, daughter-, any
one of the small cysts developed by secondary growth
from the walls of a large cyst, c, dentigerous, one
containing teeth, c, dermoid, a congenital cyst
containing bone, hair, teeth, etc. c, distention, a
normal serous cavity distended with a collection of
watery fluid, c, echinococcus-, a cyst formed in
various tissues and organs of man by the larva of
the Tcenia echinococcus of the dog, taken into the
stomach, c, extravasation, a cyst formed by the
encapsulation of a hemorrhage or other fluid into
the tissues, c, exudation. See c, extravasation.
c, false. See c, adventitious, and c, exudation.
c, follicular, one due to the occlusion of the duct of a
small follicle or gland, c, Gartnerian, a cystic tumor
originating in Gartner's duct, c, hydatid. See
c, echinococcus-. c, intraligamentous. See c. of
the broad ligament, c, involution-, multiple cystic
dilatation of the milk-ducts after the menopause.
c, Kobelt's. See under Kobelt. c, Meibomian.
See chalazion, c, Morgagnian. See Morgagni,
hydatid of. c, mucoid, a retention cyst in a mucous
follicle or in the duct of a muciparous gland, c,
mucous, a retention cyst containing mucus, c,
multilocular, one composed of many separate com-
partments, c.s, Nabothian, small retention cysts
formed by the Nabothian follicles, c, neural, a
cyst-like distention of a lymph-space of the brain or
spinal cord, c, nevoid, one with vascular walls.
c, pilous, c, pilocystic. See pilonidal fistula, c,
proligerous, c, recurring proliferous, a cystic adeno-
sarcoma; one that has undergone cystic degeneration.
c, renal, a cyst-like dilatation of the kidney, c,
retention, one that is due to the retention of the
secretion of a gland, in consequence of closure of the
duct, as in mucous or sebaceous cysts, c, rice-
grain, cystic distention of a synovial sheath con-
taining rice-seed bodies, c, sebaceous, a retention
cyst of a sebaceous gland, c, secondary, a cyst
within a cyst, c, serous, one containing trans-
parent watery fluid, c, softening, one due to
encapsulation of the fluid after liquefactive necrosis.
c, sterile, a true hydatid cyst which fails to reproduce.
c, sublingual. See ranula. c, true, an abnormal
cyst not formed by the dilatation of some canal or
cavity, c, umbilical, a congenital cyst in the
umbilical region said to be due to shutting-off of a

portion of the fetal stomach, c, unilocular, one
having but a single cavity, c, urinary, a thin-
walled cyst of the cortical substance of the kidney,
projecting beneath the capsule and containing a clear
yellow fluid, c.-worm. See cysticercus.

cystadenoma (sist-ad-en-o'-mah) [cyst; adenoma].
1. An adenoma containing cysts. 2. Adenoma of
the bladder, c. papilliferum, an adenoma containing
cysts with papilla? on the inner aspect of the cyst-
walls.

cystadenosarcoma (sist-ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah). Com-
bined cystadenoma and sarcoma. See cyst, proli-
gerous.

cystalgia (sist-al'-je-ah) [cyst; SXyos, pain]. Pain
in the bladder.

cystamine (sist'-am-en). A compound of formal-
dehyde and ammonia, used as a bactericide and
antiseptic in cystitis and gout. Dose 5-10 gr.
(0.33-0.66 Gm.).

cystanastrophe (sist-an-as'-tro-fe). See inversion
of bladder.

cystatrophia (sist-at-ro'-fe-ah) [cyst; atrophy].
Atrophy of the urinary bladder.

cystauchenitis (sist-aw-ken-i'-tis) [cyst; a\>xhv, neck;
ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the neck of
the bladder; trachelocystitis.

cystauchenotomy (sist-aw-ken-ot'-o-me) [cyst; avxv1',
neck; rkp-vtiv, to cut]. A surgical incision into the
neck of the bladder.

cystauxe (sist-awks'-e) [cyst; av£r), increase].
Thickening of the bladder.

cystectasia, cystectasy (sist-ek-ta'-ze-ah, sist-ek'-
tas-e) [cyst; Iktcktis, a stretching out]. 1. Dilatation
of the bladder. 2. Surgical dilatation of the urethra
or of its prostatic portion in certain operations for
stone.

cystectomy (sist-ek'-to-me) [cyst; ex.Top.ii, excision].
1. Excision of the cystic duct. 2. Excision of gall
bladder, or part of the urinary bladder. 3. Removal
of a cyst.

cystein (sist'-e-in) [cyst], C2H7NO2S. A com-
pound obtained by reducing cystin; it is a crystalline
powder, soluble in water, yielding an indigo-blue
color with ferric chloride; in the air it rapidly oxidizes
to cystin. c, reaction for. See Andreasch's reaction
for cystein.

cystelcosis (sist-el-ko'-sis) [cyst; IX/coxris, ulcera-
tion]. Ulceration of the bladder.

cystencephalia (sist-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [cyst; ZyKe<pa\6s,
the brain]. The state or condition of a cysten-
cephalus.

cystencephalus (sist-en-sef-aUus) [cyst; eyKe<pa.\6s,
the brain]. A form of monstrosity in which the
brain is replaced by a cyst-like structure.

cystendesis (sis-ten-de'-sis) [cyst; £v8ii<Tis, sutur-
ing]. Suture of a wound in the gall-bladder or in
the urinary bladder.

cysterethism (sist-er'-eth-izm) [cyst; ipedurp.6s
irritation]. Irritability of the bladder.

cysthitis (sis-thi'-tis) [kv<t9os, vulva; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the vulva.

cysthus (sis' -thus) [L.]. 1. The vulva. 2. The
anus.

cysthypersarcosis (sist-hi-per-sar-ko'-sis) [cyst; virkp,
over; vLpKuxns, the growth of flesh]. Hypertrophy
of the muscular walls of the bladder.

cystic (sist'-ik) [cyst]. 1. Pertaining to or re-
sembling a cyst. 2. Pertaining to the urinary blad-
der or to the gall-bladder, c. degeneration, de-
generation, with cyst-formation, c. duct, the duct
of the gall-bladder.

cysticercoid (sist-e-ser'-koid). Resembling cysti-
cercus; applied to any encysted tape-worm larva.

Cysticercus (sist-e-ser'-kus) [cyst; KkpKos, a tail].
The embryo of a tape-worm when it has reached
the encysted stage. A hydatid. C. bovis, the larva
of Tcenia saginata, the beef tape-worm. C. cellu-
loses, the larval parasite inhabiting the intermuscular
connective tissue of the pig, producing the condition
known as "measles." It is rarely found in the tissues
of man. Its progenitor is the Tcenia solium. C.
tenuicolis, that of Tcenia marginata of the dog.

cysticolithectomy (sist-ik-o-lith-ek'-to-me) [cystic
duct; \L9os, a stone; \iKTkpveiv, to cut out]. Von
Greiffenhagen's operation for removal of calculi from
the gall-bladder, consisting in opening the cystic
duct alone and leaving the gall-bladder intact.

cysticotomy (sist-ik-ot'-o-me) [cystic duct; Top.ii, a
cutting]. Incision into the cystic duct.

cysticus (sis'-tik-us). Any one member of a

CYSTIDOLAPAROTOMY

270

CYSTOSCHISIS

family of tape-worms which in the course of develop-
ment form the cysticercus or bladder-worm.

cystidolaparotomy (sist-id-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [cystic;
laparotomy]. An abdominovesical incision.

cystidomyeloma (sist-id-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [kvotis,
bladder; juueXos, marrow; 5/m, tumor]. A medullary
carcinoma of the bladder.

cystidotrachelotomy {sist-id-o-trak-el-ot'-o-me). See
cystauchenotomy.

cystifellotomy (sist-if-el-ot'-o-me) [cyst; fel, bile;
rom, a cutting]. See cholecystotomy.

cystiform (sist'-if-orm) [cystis, a bladder; forma,
shape]. Encysted, cystomorphous.

cystin {sist'-iri) [cyst], C3H7NO2S. A substance
found in the urine. It occurs in regular, colorless,
six-sided tables, of very characteristic appearance.
c, test for. See Baumann and Goldmann, Liebig,
Mueller.

cystinemia (sist-in-e'-me-ah) [cystin; alp.a, blood].
The occurrence of cystin in the blood.

cystinuria (sist-in-u'-re-ah) [cystin; ovpov, urine].
The presence of cystin in the urine.

cystipathy (sist-ip'-a-the) [cyst; iraBos, disease].
Any disease of the bladder.

cystirrhagia (sist-ir-af-e-ah). See cystohemor-
rhagia.

cystirrhea {sist-ir-e'-ah) [cyst; poia, a flow]. Vesi-
cal catarrh.

cystis (sist'-is). 1. A cyst. 2. A bladder, c.
fellea, the gall-bladder, c. urinaria, the urinary
bladder.

cystitic (sist-it'-ik) [cystitis]. Relating to cystitis.

cystitis (sist-i'-tis) [cyst; i-rts, inflammation].
Inflammation of the bladder.

cystitome (sist'-it-om). See cystotome.

cystitomy (sist-it'-o-me). See cystotomy (2).

cysto- (sis-to-) [kvotls, bladder]. A prefix denoting
relation to the bladder.

cystoadenoma {sis-to-ad-en-o'-mah). Same as
cystadenoma.

cystoblast (sist'-o-blast). See cytoblast.

cystobubonocele (sist-o-bii-bon'-o-sel) [cysto-; fiov-
&iiv, groin; ktiXt}, hernia]. Hernia of the bladder
through the inguinal ring.

cystocarcinoma (sist-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). Carcinoma
with cystic degeneration.

cystocarp (sist'-o-karp) [cysto-; Kapirbs, fruit].
In biology, a name sometimes applied to the sporo-
carp of certain algae.

cystocele (sist'-o-sel) [cysto-; kti\t], a hernia]. A
hernia of the bladder.

cystochondroma (sist-o-kon-dro'-mah) [cysto-; x°f-
Spos, cartilage; 6p.a, a tumor: pi., cystochondro-
mata]. A neoplasm presenting the characters of
both chondroma and cystoma.

cystocolostomy (sist-o-kol-os'-tom-e) [cysto-; colos-
tomy]. The surgical establishment of a permanent
passage from the gall-bladder to the colon.

cystodynia (sist-o-din'-e-ah) [cysto-; ddvvrj, pain].
Same as cystalgia.

cystoelytroplasty (sis-to-el-it'-ro-plas-te)[ cysto-; e\v-
rpov, sheath; ir\curo~eiv, to form]. Surgical repair
of vesicovaginal fistula.

cystoenterocele (sist-o-en'-ter-o-sel) [cysto-; Ivrepov,
an intestine; ktjX?/, a hernia]. A hernia containing a
part of the bladder and intestine.

cystoepiplocele (sist-o-ep-ip'-lo-sel) [cysto-; iirlirXoov,
the omentum; K17X77, a hernia]. Hernia of the bladder
and of the omentum.

cystoepithelioma (sist-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-mah) [cysto-;
epithelioma]. An epithelioma containing cysts filled
with fluid.

cystofibroma (sist-o-fi-bro'-mah) [pi. cysto fibromata.]
A neoplasm presenting the character of both a
fibroma and a cystoma.

cystogastrostomy (sis-to-gas-tros'-to-me) [cysto-;
yaoHip, stomach; <XTbp.a, mouth]. An operation
which consists in anastomosing the gall-bladder to
the stomach.

cystogen (sist'-o-jen). See formin.

cystogenia, cystogenesis {sist-o-je'-ne-ah, sist-o-
jen'-e-sis) [cysto-; ytwav, to produce]. The forma-
tion or genesis of cysts.

cystohemia {sist-o-he'-me-ah) [cysto-; alua, blood],
A congested condition of the bladder.

cystohemorrhagia (sist-o-hem'-or-a-je-ah) [cysto-;
hemorrhage]. Vesical hemorrhage.

cystoid (sist'-oid) [cyst; eldos, likeness]. 1. Having
the form or appearance of a bladder or cyst. 2. Com-
posed of a collection of cysts. 3- A pseudocyst.

cystolith (sist'-o-lith) [cysto-; \idos, a stone].
Vesical calculus.

cystolithectomy (sis-to-lith-ekf-to-me) [cysto-; Xi0os,
stone; i/crony, excision]. 1. The excision of a cal-
culus from the bladder. 2. The removal of a gall-
stone from the gall-bladder.

cystolitbiasis (sist-o-lith-i'-as-is) [cysto-; \Wos, a
stone]. Stone in the bladder; also that condition
of the system that is associated with the presence
of vesical calculus.

cystolithic (sist-o-lith'-ik) [cysto-; \lffos, a stone].
Pertaining to a vesical calculus.

cystology (sist-oV-o-je) [cysto-; Xoyoj, science].
The science of cyst-formations.

cystolutein (sist-o-lu'-te-in) [cysto-; luteus, yellow].
A yellow coloring-matter found in cysts.

cystoma (sist-o'-mah) [cyst; 5fia, a tumor: pi.,
cystomata], A newgrowth made up of cysts; applied
especially to ovarian cysts, c. glandulare pro-
liferum, c. proliferum papillare, proliferating Cystoma,
a cystic formation derived from gland-ducts and
acini. It is the most common form of ovarian and
pancreatic cystoma; the lining of the inner wall
consists of epithelium showing papillomatous growths
or crypts resembling the acini of a gland. Syn.,
cylindrocellular adenoma.

cystomerocele (sist-o-me'-ro-sel) [cysto-; wpos,
thigh; kt)\t], hernia]. A hernia of the bladder
through the femoral ring.

cystomorphous (sist-o-mor'-fus). Having the form
of a cyst.

cystomyoma {sist-o-mi-o'-mah). A myoma con-
taining cysts.

cystomyxoadenoma (sist-o-miks-o-ad-en-o'-mah) .
Cystomyxoma with adenoma.

cystomyxoma (sist-o-miks-o'-mah). A myxoma
containing cysts.

cystoncus (sist-ong'-kus) [cysto-; ay/cos, a swelling].
Any swelling of the bladder.

cystonephrosis {sist-o-ne-fro'-sis) [cysto-; ve<j>pbs,
kidney]. A cystic or cystomorphous dilatation of
the kidney.

cystoneuralgia (sist-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [cysto-; neu-
ralgia]. Neuralgia of the bladder; cystalgia.

cystoparalysis (sist-o-par-al'-is-is) [cysto-; paraly-
sis]. Paralysis of the bladder.

cystopexy (sist'-o-peks-e) [cysto-; iriftvs, fixation].
Fixation of the bladder, an operation for the cure
of cystocele.

cystophlegmatic (sist-o-fleg-mat'-ik) [cysto-; <p\kyp,a,
phlegm]. Pertaining to vesical mucus.

cystophotography (sist-o-fo-tog'-ra-fe). Photo-
graphing the interior of the bladder for diagnostic
purposes.

cystoplastic (sist-o-plas'-tik). Relating to cysto-
plasty.

cystoplasty (sist-o-plas'-te) [cysto-; ir\aaaelv, to
form]. Plastic operation upon the bladder.

cystoplegia (sist-o-ple'-je-ah) [cysto-; ifKvyht a
blow]. Paralysis of the bladder.

cystoptosis (sist-op-to'-sis) [cysto-; ttt&vis, a fall].
The projection of some portion of the mucous mem-
brane of the bladder into the urethra.

cystopurin (sis-to-pil'-rin). A proprietary urinary
antiseptic; a mixture of hexamethylenamine and
sodium acetate.

cystopyelitis (sist-o-pi-el-i'-tis) [cysto-; pyelitis].
Inflammation of the urinary bladder and the pelvis
of the kidney.

cystopyelonephritis {sist-o-pi-e-lo-nef-ri'-tis). See
cystopyelitis.

cystopyic {sist-o-pi'-ik). Relating to suppuration
of the bladder.

cystorectostomy (sist-o-rek-tos'-to-me) [cysto-; rec-
tum; arop-a, a mouth]. The formation of a fistula
between the rectum and bladder.

cystorrhagia {sist-or-a'-je-ah). See cystohemor-
rhagia.

cystorrhapby {sist-or'-af-e) [cysto-; pa<pri, a seam].
Suture of the bladder.

cystorrhea (sist-or-e'-ah) [cysto-; poia, a flow].
1. Vesical catarrh. 2. Vesical hemorrhage. 3. Poly-
uria.

cystorrhexis (sist-or-eks'-is) [cysto-; £§£«, rup-
ture]. Rupture of the bladder.

cystosarcoma (sist-o-sar-ko'-mah) [cysto-; sarcoma].
Mueller's name for a sarcoma containing cysts.

cystoschisis (sist-osk'-is-is) [cysto-; ax^«. a
cleaving]. A congenital fissure of the urinary
bladder from imperfect development.

CYSTOSCIRRHUS

271

CYTOPHYSIOLOGY

cystoscirrhus (sist-o-skir'-us) [cysto-; cuppas, an
induration]. Scirrhus of the urinary bladder.

cystoscope (sist'-o-skop) [cysto-; aKowtlv, to ex-
amine]. An instrument for inspecting the interior
of the bladder.

cystoscopy (sist-os'-ko-pe) [cysto-; o-KoireZv, to ex-
amine]. Examination of the interior of the bladder
by means of the cystoscope.

cystose (sist'-os) [cyst]. Cystic; full of cysts.

cystospasm (sist'-o-spazm) [cysto-; spasm]. Spasm
of the bladder.

cystospastic (sist-o-spas'-tik) '[cysto-; o-ira<rTiK6s,
pulling]. Relating to spasm of the bladder.

cystospermitis (sist-o-sperm-i'-tis) [cysto-; airkppa,
a seed; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
seminal vesicles.

cystosteatoma {sist-o-ste-at-o'-mah). See cyst,
sebaceous.

cystostomy (sist-os'-to-me) [cysto-; o-Topa, a mouth
or opening]. The formation of a fistulous opening in
the bladder-wall.

cystotome (sist'-o-tom) [see cystotomy], A knife
used in cystotomy; also a knife used in rupturing the
capsule of the lens in cataract operations.

cystotomy (sist-ot'-o-me) [cysto-; ropA\, a cutting].
i. Incision of the bladder. 2. Surgical division of
the anterior capsule.

cystotrachelotomy (sist-o-trak-el-ot'-o-me) . See
cyslauchenotomy.

cystoureteritis (sis-to-u-re-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation
of the bladder and ureter.

cystourethritis (sis-to-u-reth-ri'-tis). Inflammation
of the bladder and urethra.

cystourethroscope (sis-to-ii-re'-thro-skop). An in-
strument for inspecting the bladder and posterior
urethra.

cytameba, cytamoeba (sit-am-e'-bah). See Plas-
modium malarice.

cytase (si'-taz). Metchnikoff's name for comple-
ment.

cytaster {si-las' -ter). The same as aster.

cyte (sit) [kvtos, a hollow]. Any cell; especially
a nuclear cell (used mostly in composition).

cythemolysis (si-them-ol'-is-is) [kvtos, cell; alpa,
blood; Xwns, dissolution]. Dissolution of the
corpuscles of the blood.

cytherean (si-the'-re-an) [Cythera, an island sacred
to Venus]. Venereal, c. shield, a condom.

cytheromania (sith-ur-o-ma'-ne-ah). See nympho-
mania.

cytisine (sit'-is-in) [kvtutos, a kind of clover],
C20H27N3O. A poisonous alkaloid from Cytisus
laburnum, the common laburnum, indigenous to
the higher mountains of Europe and widely culti-
vated, c. hydrochloride, C11H14N2O . HC1. It is a
nervine. Dose &-& &• (0.003-0.005 Gm.) sub-
cutaneously. c. nitrate, C11H14N2O . (HN03>2 +
2H2O, used as is cytisine hydrochloride.

cytisism (sit'-is-izm) [kvtio-os, a kind of clover].
Poisoning by means of Laburnum anagyroides,
sometimes occurring in children and characterized
by pains in the stomach, vomiting, weakness in the
legs, meteorism, and collapse.

cytitis (si-ti'-tis) [cutis; ms, inflammation]. Der-
matitis.

cyto- (si-to-) [kvtos, a cell]. A prefix denoting
relating to a cell.

cytoblast (si'-to-blast) [cyto-; /SXaoros, a germ].
1. In biology, applied to the nucleus of a cell; also
one of the ameboid cytodes going to make up the
cytoblastema of sponges. 2. One of the hypothetical
ultimate vital units of the cell. See bioblast. 3. Any
naked cell or protoblast.

cytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'-mah). See blastema.

cytochemism (si-to-kem'-izm) [cyto-; xvneLa, chem-
istry]. The reaction of the living cell to chemical
reagents, antitoxins, etc.

cytochemistry (si-to-kem'-is-tre). The chemistry
of living cells.

cytochrome (si'-to-krom) [cyto-; xpw/xa, color].
A term applied by Nissl to nerve-cells deficient in
cell-protoplasm, the nucleus not being completely
surrounded. The nucleus stains well and is about the
size of the leukocyte nucleus.

cytochylema (si-lo-ki-le'-mah) [cyto-; xv^bs, juice].
Strasburger's term for the inter-reticular portion of
protoplasm; cell-juice.

cytochyma, cytochyme (si-to-ki'-mah, si'-to-kim)
[cyto-; xvp-bs, juice]. The water-sap in the vacuoles
of the cytochylema of protoplasm.

cytoclasis (si-to-kla'-sis) [cyto-; k\6.v, to break;
to weaken]. Cell-necrosis.

cytode (si' -tod) [cyto-; tUos, form]. The simplest,
most primitive form of cell, without nucleus or nucle-
olus.

cytodendrite (si-to-den'-drlt) [cyto-; bkvbpov, a
tree]. Lenhossek's term for a true medullated,
cellulifugally conducting collateral fibril of a nerve-
cell. Cf. axodendrite.

cytoderm (si'-to-derm) [cyto-; deppa, skin]. In
biology, a cell-wall.

cytodiagnosis (si-to-di-ag-no'-sis). The determina-
tion of the nature of a pathogenic liquid by the
study of the cells it contains.

cytodieresis (si-to-di-er'-es-is) [cyto-; dicdpeais,
division]. The process of cell-division.

cytodistal (si-to-dis'-tal) [cyto-; distare, to stand
apart]. Applied to that portion of an axon furthest
removed from its cell of origin.

cytogenesis (si-to-jen'-es-is) [cyto-; ykveo-is, pro-
duction]. The formation or genesis of the cell.

cytogenetic (si-to-jen-et'-ik) [cyto-; -ykvto-is, pro-
duction]. Relating to cell-formation.

cytogenic (si-to- j en' -ik). See cytogenous.

cytogenous (si-toj'-en-us) [cyto ; a cell; ykvr\s, pro-
ducing]. In biology, producing cells.

cytogeny (si-toj'-en-e). See cytogenesis.

cytoglobin (si-to-glo' -bin) [cyto-; globus, a ball].
An albuminoid, obtainable in the form of a white,
soluble powder. It forms about 3 % of the pulp
of the lymphatic glands.

cytographic (si-to-graf'-ik) [cyto-; ypiupetv, to
write]. Descriptive of cells.

cytography (si-tog' -ra-fe) [cyto-; yp&<peu>, to write].
A description of cells.

cytohyaloplasm (si-to-hi' ' -al-o-plazm) [cyto-; CaXos,
transparent; iry do-pa, formed matter]. Strasburger's
name for the reticulum of protoplasm.

cytohydrolist (si-to-hi' -dro-list) [cyto-; hydrolysis].
An agent producing hydrolysis of cellular substance.

cytoid (si'-toid) [kvtos, cell; eldos, likeness].
Resembling a cell.

cytolergy (si-tol'-er-je) [cyto-; Ipyov, work]. Cell-
activity.

cytologist (si-toV -o-jist) [cyto-; \byos, science].
One who is versed in cytology.

cytology (si-tol'-o-je) [cyto-; \6yos, science]. The
science of cell-formation and cell-life.

cytolymph (si'-to-limf) [cyto-; lympha, clear water].
The ground-substance or matrix of the cytoplasm
of cells.

cytolysin (si-tol'-is-in) [cyto-; lysin], A substance
produced in the body through the injection of foreign
cells of any kind; it can destroy the same kind of
cells as were used in the injection. Cf. epitheliolysin,
leukocytolysin, nephrolysin, spermolysin.

cytolysis (si-tol'-is-is). Cell-dissolution.

cytolytic (si-to-lit' -ik). Relating to or concerned
in cell-destruction.

cytoma (si-to'-mah) [cyto-; 6pa, tumor]. A cell
tumor; a tumor consisting of cells artificially arranged.

cytometer (si-tom'-et-er) [cyto-; pkrpov, a measure].
A device for. counting cells, especially blood-cor-
puscles. See also hemacytometer.

cytomicrosome (si-to-mik'-ro-som) [cyto-; piKpos,
small; o~upa, body]. A microsome of cytoplasm.

cytomitoma (si-to-mi-to'-mah) [cyto-; piros, a
fiber]. The fibrillar part of a cell-body. See
mitome.

cytomorphosis (si-to-mor-fo'-sis) [cyto-; pbppwais,
a shaping]. A term proposed by Minot to designate
comprehensively all the structural alterations which
cells or successive generations of cells may undergo
from the earliest undifferentiated stage to their final
destruction.

cyton (si' -ton) [kvtos, a cell]. 1. A cell. 2. A
nerve cell.

cytopathy (si-top' -ath-e) [cyto-; vaBos, disease].
Disease of the living cell.

cytophagous (si-toff' -ag-us) [cyto-; tpayeiv, to
devour]. Phagocytic; of the nature of a phagocyte;
cell-devouring.

cytophagy (si-tof'-aj-e) [cyto-; <f>ayelp, to devour].
The englobing of cells by other cells.
, cytophil, cytophile (si'-to-fil) [cyto-; <f>t\elv, to love].
The haptophorous group of the intermediary body
with which it combines with the receptor of the cell.
See amboceptor.

cytophysiology (si-to-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [cyto-; physi-
ology]. The physiology of a cell unit.

CYTOPLASM

272 CZERNY-TRUNECEK'S METHOD

cytoplasm, cytoplasma (si'-to-plazm, -plaz'-mah)
[cyto-; ir\a<rna, anything formed], i. Protoplasm.
2. Cell-plasm other than that of the nucleus; the
paraplasm and endoplasm of a cell.

cytoplastin (si-to-plas'-tin) [cyto-; liKaaaeiv, to
mold]. Schwartz's name for cell-protoplasm.

cytoproximal (si-to-proks'-im-al) [cyto-; proximare,
to draw near]. A term applied to that portion of
an axon nearest its cell of origin.

cytoreticulum (si-to-ret-ik'-u-lum) [cyto-; reticulum,
a little net]. Same as cytomitoma.

Cytorrhyctes, Cytoryctes (si-tor -ik'-tez) [cyto-;
bpvuTvs, a digger]. A genus of protozoa. C.
aphtharum, a species believed to cause foot-and-
mouth disease. C. luis, one thought to be the cause
of syphilis. C. scarlatina?, one believed to be the
exciting agent of scarlatina. C. variolae, one found
in variola and, in a modified form, in vaccinia.

cytoscopy (si-tos'-ko-pe). See cytodiagnosis.

cytose (si'-tos). A cellulose-dissolving enzyme
found in the snail and carp.

cytosin (si'-tos-in), C21H30N16O4+5H2O. A basic sub-
stance obtained as a cleavage product from thymin.

cytosome (si'-to-som) [cyto-; aix>iia., a body]. A
cell-body as distinguished from the nucleus.

cytospongium (si-to-spun' -je-um) [cyto-; ciroyyos,
sponge]. The cell network or spongioplasm con-
taining in its meshes the hyaloplasm. Cf. mitome
and paramitome.

cytostasis (si-tos'-tas-is) [cyto-; stasis]. Stoppage
or plugging of the capillaries by the blood-cells.

cytostome (si'-to-stom) [cyto-; axona, mouth].
In biology, the oral aperture of a unicellular organism.

cytotactic (si-to-tak'-tik). Pertaining to cytotaxis.

cytotaxis (si-to-taks'-is) [cyto-; t6£is, order].
The directive influence which determines the arrange-
ment of cells. The selective, ordering, and arranging
function of a living cell.

cytothesis (si-to-the'-sis) [cyto-; 0e<r«, a placing or
arranging]. Cell-repair.

cytotoxic (si-to-toks'-ik). Same as cytolytic.

cytotoxin (si-to-toks'-in). See cytolysin. Cf.

hemotoxin, hepatotoxin, leukotoxin, nephrotoxin, sper-
matoxin.

cytotrophy (si-tot' -ro-fe) [cyto-; rpofo, nourish-
ment]. The growth of the cell and sustentation of
cell-life.

cytozoon (si-to-zo'-on) [cyto-; $$ov, animal]. A
protoplasmic cell-mass, probably parasitic in nature,
with independent movement; found by Gaule in
defibrinated blood and other structures.

cytozyme (si'-to-zim). A substance, found in
various tissues, capable of activating thrombin, the
febrin-ferment. Also known as coagulin, thrombo-
kinase.

cytula (sit'-u-lah) [k(itos, a cell]. In biology, an
impregnated ovum.

cytuloplasm (sit'-u-lo-plazm) [cyto-; ir\6.<raeiv, to
form, mold]. In biology, the mingled ovoplasm
and spermoplasm in a cytula.

Czermak's interglobular spaces (cher'-ma(h)k)
[Johann Nepomuk Czermak, German physician, 1828-
1873]. Irregular branched spaces in the crusta pe-
trosa and enamel of the teeth.

Czerny Lembert suture. The application of
Lembert sutures after the Czerny sutures are in
place.

Czerny's operation (cher'-ne) [Vincenz Czerny,
German surgeon, 1842- ]. For the radical cure of
inguinal hernia; the sac is exposed and isolated; the
neck is tied with a strong catgut ligature, and cut
off below this point; the stump is pushed into the
abdominal cavity; the borders of the opening are
freshened and united by continuous catgut sutures.
C.'s suture. For intestinal wounds; one in which
the needle is passed from the serous surface through
the wound, down to, but not including, the mucous
membrane, and through the wound on the opposite
side, and out on the serous surface.

Czerny-Trunecek's method. A method of treating
cutaneous epithelioma: by cauterization, or by the
application, with a brush, after scarification, of the
following solution: arsenic trioxid, 1 Gm.; ethyl-
alcohol and distilled water, each, 40-50 Cc.

D. An abbreviation of dexter, right; diopter,
unit for measuring refractive power of a lens; dosis,
dose; detur, let it be given; dentur, let them be given;
da, give; duration; density.

daboia (dab'-oi-ah). The venom of Russell's viper.
Da Costa's disease [Jacob M. Da Costa, American
physician, 1833-1900]. Retrocedent gout.

dacry-, dacryo- (dak-re-, dak-re-o-) [Saxpvov, a
tear]. Prefixes signifying pertaining to the tears or
tear-ducts.

dacryadenalgia (dak-re-ad-en-al'-je-ah) [dacry-;
&8r}v, gland; a\yos, pain]. Pain in a lacrimal gland.

dacryadenitis (dak-re-ad-en-i'-tis). Same as dacryo-
adenitis.

dacryadenoscirrhus (dak-re-ad-en-o-skir'-us) [dac-
ry-; aSty, a gland; CKippfc, hard]. An indurated
tumor of the lacrimal gland.

dacryagogatresia (dak-re-ag-o-gat-re'-ze-ah) [dacry-;
ayuyos, leading; atresia]. Atresia or obstruction of a
tear-duct.

dacryagogue, dacryagog (dak'-re-a-gog) [dacry-;
iyoyyos, leading]. 1. Inducing tears. 2. An agent
causing a flow of tears.

dacrycystalgia (dak-re-sis-tal'-je-ah). See dacryo-
cystalgia.

dacryelcosis (dak-re-el-ko'-sis) [dacryo-; ehuoxris,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the lacrimal apparatus.

dacrygelosis (dak-re-jel-o'-sis) [dacry-; yk\us,
laughter]. Alternate weeping and laughing.

dacryoadenitis (dak-re-o-ad-en-i'-tis) [dacry-; hbijv,
a gland; iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
lacrimal gland.

dacryoblenorrhea (dak-re-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-;
/SXevyos, mucus; poLa, a flow]. Chronic inflamma-
tion and discharge of mucus from the lacrimal sac.

dacryocele (dak'-re-o-sel) [dacryo-; 107X77, hernia].
See dacryocystocele.

dacryocyst (dak'-re-o-sist) [dacryo-; cyst]. The
lacrimal sac.

dacryocystalgia (dak-re-o-sist-al'-je-ah) [dacryocyst;
a-yXos, pain]. t Pain in the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystitis (dak-re-o-sis-ti'-tis) [dacryocyst; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.
d. blennorrhoica, purulent inflammation of the
lacrimal sac. d. phlegmonosa, inflammation of the
tissues composing the lacrimal sac and of the sur-
rounding soft parts.

dacryocystitome (dak-re-o-sis'-tit-om). Same as
dacryocystotome.

dacryocystoblennorrhea (dak-re-o-sis-to-blen-or-er-
ah) [dacryocyst; blennorrhea]. Chronic inflammation
of the lacrimal sac with a muco-purulent discharge.

dacryocystocele (dak-re-o-sist'-o-sel) [dacryo-; Kva-
ns, a sac; 107X77, hernia]. Protrusion of a lacrimal
sac.

dacryocystoptosis (dak-re-o-sis-top-to'-sis) [dacryo-;
kvotvs, a cyst; ttwo-is, a falling]. Prolapse or down-
ward displacement of a lacrimal sac.

dacryocystotome (dak-re-o-sis' -to-torn) [dacryocyst].
An instrument for dividing strictures of the lacrimal
passages.

dacryocystotomy (dak-re-o-sist-ot'-o-me). Incision
of the lacrimal sac.

dacryohemorrhea, dacryohaemorrhcea (dak-re-o-
hem-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; alp.a, blood; pola, a flow].
The weeping of bloody tears.

dacryohemorrhysis (dak-re-o-hem-or'-is-is) [dacryo-;
alp.a, blood; pwns, a flowing]. The weeping of
bloody tears; a flow of blood from a lacrimal duct.

dacryoid (dak'-re-oid) [dacryo-; «I5os, form].
Resembling a tear.

dacryolin (dak'-re-o-lin). The albuminous material
in tears.

dacryolite (dak'-re-o-lit). See dacryolith.

dacryolith (dak'-re-o-lith) [dacryo-; \Wos, a stone].
A calcareous concretion in the lacrimal passages.

dacryolithiasis (dak-re-o-lith-i'-as-is) [dacryo-; Xi0os,
a stone]. The morbid condition that is attended
by the formation of dacryoliths; also, the presence
of dacryoliths.

dacryoma (dak-re-o' -mah) [dacryo-; ojia, tumor].
1. A lacrimal tumor. 2. Obstruction of the lacrimal
puncta, causing epiphora.

dacryon (dak'-re-on). 1. A tear. 2. See under
craniometric point.

dacryops (dak' -re-ops) [dacryo-; of/, eye]. 1
Watery eye. 2. A cyst of the duct of a lacrimal
gland.

dacryoptosis (dak-re-op-to'-sis) [dacryo-; xtw<tis,
a falling]. 1. The falling or shedding of tears. 2.
Dacryocystoptosis.

dacryopyorrhea (dak-re-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; py-
orrhea]. Purulent lacrimation.

dacryopyosis (dak-re-o-pi-o'-sis) [dacryo-; vvov, pus]
Suppuration in the lacrimal apparatus.

dacry orrhea (dak-re-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; pola, a
flow]. An excessive flow of tears.

dacryosolen (dak-re-o-so'-len) [dacryo-; o-wXV. pipe].
A lacrimal duct or canal.

dacryosolenitis (dak-re-o-so-len-i'-tis) [dacryo-; au-
\i)v, a pipe; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
a lacrimal duct.

dacryostenosis (dak-re-o-ste-no'-sis) [dacryo-; arevos,
narrow]. Stenosis or stricture of a lacrimal duct.

dacryosyrinx (dak-re-o-sir'-inks) [dacryo-; avpiy!-,
pipe]. 1. A lacrimal fistula. 2. A syringe for use
in the lacrimal ducts.

dacryuria (dak-re-u'-re-ah) [dacryo-; ovpov, urine].
The enuresis which accompanies weeping in cases of
hysteria, fright, or nervousness.

dactyl (dak' -til) [daxrvXos, a finger]. A digit; a
finger or a toe.

dactylagra (dak-til-a'-grah) [dactyl; ay pa, seizure].
An attack of gout or rheumatism in the fingers.

dactylate (dak'-til-dt) [dactyl]. Resembling a
finger. Possessing five rays or appendages.

dactylic (dak'-til-ik). Pertaining to a finger or a
toe.

dactyliferous (dak-til-if'-er-us) [dactyl; ferre, to
bear]. 1. Having fingers or finger-like parts, organs,
or appendages. 2. [SoktvKos, a date, so called
because shaped like a dactyl.] Date-bearing, as
Phoenix dactylifera, the date-palm.

dactylion (dak-til1 -e-on) . See syndactylism.

dactylitis (dak-til-i'-tis) [dactyl; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of a finger or a toe. d. syphilitica, a
rare tertiary-syphilitic affection of the fingers and
toes, consisting of a gummatous infiltration of the
subcutaneous connective tissue and of the fibrous
portions of the joints and bones. It is accompanied
by great deformity, and should be distinguished
from a similar affection of the muscular tissues, called
by Lewin phalangitis syphilitica. Syn., paronychia
syphilitica.

dactylocampsodynia (dak-til-o-kamp-so-din'-e-ah)
[dactyl; Kap^/vs, a bending; 65wi7, pain]. Painful
flexion of the fingers or toes.

dactylogram (dak-til' -o- gram) [dactyl; ypappa, a
mark]. A finger print, generally used for purposes
of identification.

dactylograph (dak-til'-o-graf) [dactyl; ypa<pti,v, to
write]. 1. A "typewriter"; a writing machine
operated by the fingers. 2. A keyboard instrument
for the purpose of communication between blind
deaf-mutes.

dactylogryposis (dak-til-o-grip-o'-sis) [dactyl; ypvros,
curved]. Abnormal curvature of the fingers or toes.
dactyloid (dak'-til-oid) [dactyl; elSos, form].
Resembling a finger.

dactylology (dak-til-ol'-o-je) [dactyl; \6yos, speech].
Conversation or talking by the fingers.

dactylolysis (dak-til-ol'-is-is) [dactyl; Xvais, loosen-
ing]. The falling off of a finger or toe. d. spontanea.
See ainhum.

dactylomegaly (dak-til-o-meg'-al-e) [dactyl; fteyas,
large]. A condition in which one or more of the
fingers or toes is abnormally large.

dactyloscopy (dak-til-os'-ko-pe) [dactyl; oKoiceiv, to
examine]. Examination of finger prints, employed
as a means of identification.

DACTYLOSE

274

DARTROUS

dactylose, dactylous (dak'-til-6s, -us). See dacty-
late.

dactylospasm (dak-til-o-spazm') [dactyl; <nra<rnos, a
spasm]. Spasm of a digit.

dactylosymphysis (dak-til-o-sim'-fis-is) [dactyl; <xw,
together, <f>\jeu>, to grow]. Syndactylism.

dactylotheca (dak-til-o-the'-kah) [dactyl; drjKtj, a
case]. See finger-cot.

dadyl (dad'-il). Balnchet and Sell's name for a
camphene produced by the action of lime on artificial
camphor.

dsemonomania (de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah). See demono-
mania.

Dsemonorops (de-mon'-o-rops) [Salfiuv, a devil;
po>^, a shrub]. A genus of plants of the order
Palmce. The inspissated juice of D. draco, a palm
of Malaya, constitutes the finest dragon's-blood.
D. grandis, same habitat as D. draco, affords a variety
of dragon's-blood.

Daffy's elixir [Thomas Daffy, Englishman, 1680-
]. A compound aromatic tincture of senna.

dahlia (dahl'-ya) [Dahl, a Swedish botanist]. A
genus of composite plants. The roots of several
species are edible, diuretic, diaphoretic, and carmi-
native, and furnish a purple coloring-matter. The
bulbs of D. variabilis, a Mexican species, yield white
inulin. d.-paper, a purple test-paper made from
several species of dahlia; acids change its color to
red and alkalies to green, d.- violet. See pyoktanin,
blue.

dahlin (dah'-lin). 1. An anilin dye obtained by
the action of ethyl iodide on mauvein. It gives a
reddish-purple color. 2. A form of inulin obtained
from the roots of Inula helenium. See inulin. Syn.,
allantin; menyanthin; sinistrin; syantherin.

dakryon (dak'-re-on). See dacryon.

dakryops (dak' -re-ops). Same as dacryops.

Dalbergia (dal-bur'-je-ah). A genus of tropical
leguminous, papilionaceous plants. D. sissoo is a
species of India and Afghanistan. The raspings of
the wood are employed as an alterative. D. sym-
pathetica is a tree of the East Indies. An infusion of
the bark is administered in dyspepsia; the leaves are
applied externally in leprosy and other cutaneous
diseases, and internally as an alterative. The seeds
yield an oil used in rheumatism, and the milky juice
of the root is applied to ulcers.

Dalby's carminative. An old empirical carminative
and mildly opiate mixture, answering nearly to the
mistura carminativa of the National Formulary. It
contains about two and a half minims of tincture of
opium to the fiuidounce.

Dallas' operation (dal'-as). For radical cure of
inguinal and femoral hernia; after a transverse
incision through the integument a special instrument
is introduced to produce abrasion of the hernial
canal; the instrument is then withdrawn, and the
external wound sealed with iodoform collodion and a
compress applied. The canal is obliterated by the
resulting inflammatory action.

Dalrymple's sign [John Dalrymple, Scotch ophthal-
mologist, 1804-1852], See Stellwag's sign.

Dalton's law, Dalton-Henry's law [John Dalton,
English physicist and chemist, 1 766-1 844; Joseph
Henry, American physicist, 1797-1878]. Although
the volume of a gas absorbed by a liquid remains
constant, the weight (volume multiplied by the
density) of the absorbed gas rises and falls in pro-
portion to its pressure.

Daltonian (dal-ton'-e-an). 1. Pertaining to John
Dalton. 2. A color-blind person.

daltonism (dal'ton-izm). Color-blindness.

dam. See rubber-dam.

damar, damaria (dam'-ar, dam-a'-re-ah). See
dammar.

damiana (dam-e-an'-ah). The leaves of Turner a
aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and lower California;
a stimulant tonic and aphrodisiac. It is the basis
of a great number of quack remedies. Dose of the
extract 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.); of the fiuidextract
10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Co); of the leaves 1 oz.
(3 Co) daily.

dammar (dam' -or) [Hind., damar, resin]. A gum
or resin produced by various species of dammara and
other trees. Syn., damar; dammaria; resina damar a.
d., true, is obtained from the Dammara orientalis, a
coniferous tree indigenous in the East Indies, and
also from Dammara australis, in New Zealand.
d.- varnish, a mounting medium used in microscopy;
it is made by adding 10 parts of white dammar to

20 parts of benzene, decanting after 24 to 48 hours,
and adding 4 parts of pure oil of turpentine.

dammaran (dam'-ar-an). A neutral resin obtained
from dammar.

dammar in (dam'-ar-in). A resin extracted from
dammar.

Damoiseau's curve (dam-wah-zo') [Louis Hyacinthe
Celeste Damoiseau, French physician, 19th century].
See Ellis' sign.

damper (damp'-er) [ME., dampen, to choke].
1. A shutter placed in a flue to control draft. 2. A
device attached to a galvanometer to control the
secondary currents.

Dana's operation (da'-ner) [Charles Loomis Dana,
American neurologist, 1852- ]. Resection of the
posterior spinal nerve roots for spastic paralysis and
other conditions.

Dance's sign [Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance,
French physician, 1797-1832]. A depression about
the right flank or iliac fossa, regarded by Dance as
indicating invagination of the cecum.

dance, St. Vitus'. See chorea.

dancing disease. See tarantism.

dancing mania. See choromania.

dandelion (dan'-de-li-on). See taraxacum.

dandruff (dan'-druf) [origin unknown]. The
scurf or scales formed upon the scalp in seborrhea.

dandy fever (dan' -de). See dengue.

dangerous area of scalp (dan'-jer-us). The space
between the aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis and
the pericranium.

Daniell (dan'-yel) [John Frederic Daniell, English
physicist, 1790-1845]. A unit of electrical measure-
men^ equal to 1.124 volts. D. cell, positive element,
zinc; negative element, copper; exciting agent, zinc
sulphate; depolarizing agent, cupric sulphate; E. M.
F., 1.0-1.14 volts.

Danielssen's disease (dan'-e-el-sen) [Daniel Cor-
nelius Danielssen, Norwegian physician, 1815-1894].
Anesthetic leprosy.

dansomania (dan-so-ma' -ne-ah). See choromania.

danta (dan'-tah) [Sp.]. The American tapir,
Tapirus americanus; the powdered hoofs are em-
ployed as a sudorific and as a remedy for epilepsy.

Danysz bacillus (dan' -is). A bacillus which is
probably the Bacillus typhi murium. D.'s phe-
nomenon, when toxin is added to antitoxin in two
fractions, a considerable time being allowed to
elapse between the additions, the final mixture is
more toxic than when the total amount is added all
at once.

Daphne (daf'-ne). See mezereon.

daphnetin (daf -net-in) [daphne], C9H6O4+H2O.
A substance obtained by the decomposition of the
glucoside daphnin. It crystallizes in yellow needles
or prisms, melting at 2550 C.

daphnin (daf'-nin) [Sa<t>vrj, laurel], Ci5Hi60»+2H20.
A glucoside from the bark of several species of
daphne.

daphnism (daf'-nizm). Poisoning by Daphne
mezereum, or allied plants. It produces a hemor-
rhagic gastroenteritis with delirium and collapse.

D'Arcet's metal (dar'-sa). An alloy employed for
filling teeth and in the making of dental plates. It
consists of bismuth, 8 parts; lead, 5 parts; and tin,
3 parts. It fuses at 2120 F.

Darier's disease (dar-e-a') [F. J. Darier, French
physician, 1856- ]. Psorospermose f olliculaire ;
keratosis follicularis.

Darkschewitsch's fibers (dark'-she-vitsh) [Livorius
Darkschewitsch, Russian neurologist, 1858- ]. A
tract of nerve-fibers extending from the optic tract
to the ganglion of the habenula. D.'s nucleus, a
nucleus situated on each side of the median line in
the gray matter near the junction of the Sylvian
aqueduct with the third ventricle.

d'Arsonvalization (dar-son-val-iz-a'-shun). See Ar-
sonvalization.

dartoic, dartoid (dar-to'-ik, dar'-toid) [dartos;
clSos, likeness]. Resembling or consisting of the
dartos; having slow, involuntary contractions, like
the dartos.

dartos (dar'-tos) [Sapros, flayed]. The contractile
musculofibrous layer beneath the skin of the scrotum.
d. muliebris, a similar structure under the skin of
the labia majora.

dartre (dar'-tr) [Ft.]. Any herpetic or other
chronic skin-disease; a term vaguely used in French
and the older English medical literature.

dartrous (dar'-trus) [Ft., dartre]. Of the nature of

DARWIN'S EAR

275

DEAQUATION

tetter or herpes; herpetic, d. diathesis, the predis-
position to chronic skin diseases.

Darwin's ear [Charles Robert Darwin, English
naturalist, 1809-1882]. A congenital deformity of
the ear in which the helix is absent at the upper
outer angle of the ear so that the free border forms a
sharp point upward and outward. In another form
a blunt point {Darwin's tubercle) projects from the
upper portion of the helix toward the center of the
ear.

darwinism (dar'-win-izm) [Darwin]. The doctrine
that higher organisms have been developed from lower
forms by the influence of natural selection.

date-disease. See Aleppo boil, d.-fever. Syn-
onym of dengue.

datum-plane (da' -turn-plan). An assumed hori-
zontal plane from which the measurements in
craniometry are taken.

Datura (da-tu'-rah) [Hind., dhatura, a certain
plant]. A genus of Solanacece, or nightshade family.
D. arbor ea is a South American species; the leaves are
used as an emollient. D. ceratocaula is indigenous
to tropical America; its properties are similar to
those of D. stramonium. D. fastuosa is found
throughout the tropics of the old world. The root
is administered by Mohammedan physicians in
epilepsy. The fruit, seeds, and leaves are used in
poultices for boils, carbuncles, and in the treatment
of herpetic diseases. A tincture and decoction are
given as a remedy for asthma. The plant is poison-
ous and soporific, and is used in India as an intoxicant,
and by professional poisoners for killing newborn
female infants. Cf. Dhatureas. D. metel possesses
qualities similar to D. fastuosa. D. sanguinea is a
South American species, the floripondio of Peru,
from the seeds of which an intoxicating beverage
called tonga is prepared. Taken alone and in large
doses it produces furious delirium, but diluted is a
soporific. The seeds are used in the preparation of
an ointment. D. stramonium is the thorn-apple.
See stramonium.

daturine (dat'-u-ren or da-tu'-ren) [see Datura],
C17H23NO3. A poisonous alkaloid from Datura stra-
monium, identical with hyoscyamine and isomeric
with atropine. It is employed in the treatment of
mania, epilepsy, neuralgia, rheumatism, syphilis,
cancer, pains, spasms, asthma, and as a hypnotic in
insanity. Dose ^15— iz gr- (0.0003-0.001 Gm.).
Treatment in case of poisoning: emetics, stomach-
pump, castor-oil. d. hydrochloride, C17H23NO3HCI.
Uses and dose same as of daturine. d., light,
hyoscyamine, obtained by Ladenburg from Datura
stramonium, d. sulphate, (Ci7H23N03)2H2SO*. Uses
and dose same as of daturine.

daturism (dat'-u-rizm) [see Datura]. Stramonium-
poisoning.

Daubenton's angle (do-ban-ton(g)) [Louis Jean
Marie Daubenton, French physician, 1716-1799].
Occipital angle, in craniometry, -that formed by the
intersection of the basicranial axis and the plane of
the occipital foramen. D.'s line, a line joining the
opisthion and the projection of the lower border of
the orbit. D.'s plane, in craniometry, that passing
through the opisthion and the inferior borders of the
orbits.

dauciform (daw' -si-form). See daucoid.

daucoid (daw'-koid) [SavKov, the carrot; eZSos,
likeness]. Resembling a carrot; dauciform.

Daucus (daw'-kus) [Samov, the carrot]. A genus
of plants of the order Umbelliferce. D. carota, the
carrot, is a cultivated biennial indigenous to Europe
and the Orient. The root contains sugar, starch,
pectin, malic acid, albumin, a volatile oil, and a crys-
talline coloring-matter (carotin). It is a stimulant
when applied to indolent ulcers, and is fed to horses
to render the coat glossy. The aromatic seeds
(fruit) are diuretic and are used in dropsy and
nephritic complaints. D. gingidium, a. species
indigenous to Europe and northern Africa, yields a
gum-resin, bdellium siculum.

daughter (daw'-ter). A female child or descendant.
d.-cell. See cell, daughter-, d.-cyst. See cyst,
daughter-, d.-nuclei. See karyokinesis. d.-star, an
amphiaster. See karyokinesis.

Davainea madagascariensis (da-va'-ne-ah) [Casimir
Joseph Ddvaine, French physician, 1812-1882]. A
tapeworm occurring in man, found in Madagascar
and elsewhere.

Davidsohn's sign (da'-vid-son) [Hermann David-
sohn, German physician, 1842- ]. The illumina-

tion of the pupil obtained on placing an electric light
in the mouth will be less marked on the side on
which there is a tumor or empyema of the antrum
of Highmore.

Davy's lever (da'-ve) [Richard Davy, English
surgeon, 1838- ]. A wooden sound which is
inserted into the rectum for the purpose of making
pressure on one of the iliac arteries; it is used to
arrest hemorrhage.

Davy's test for phenol. To 1 or 2 drops of the
phenol solution add 3 or 4 drops of a solution of 1
part molybdic acid in 10 or more parts of concen-
trated sulphuric acid. A pale yellowish-brown color-
ation is produced, which passes to reddish-brown
and then to a beautiful purple.

day-blindness. See nyctalopia and hemeralopia.

daymare (da' -mar). A state of temporary distress
and terror, resembling nightmare, but coming on
when the patient is awake. It is thought to be
due to a diseased state of the blood-vessels of the
brain.

day-nursery. See creche.

daysight (da'-sit). See hemeralopia.

D.D.S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Dental Surgery.

de- [de, from, away]. A prefix denoting down,
away from, occasionally it has an intensive meaning.

deacidification (de-as-id-if-ik-a'-shun). The act or
process of neutralizing an acid.

deactivation (de-ak-tiv-a'-shun). 1. The process
of becoming inactive or of making inactive. 2. Loss
of radioactivity.

dead (ded). 1. Without life; destitute of life.
2. Numb, d.-born, still-born. d. finger. See spha-
celoderma and night-palsy, d.-house, a morgue; an
apartment in a public institution for keeping dead
bodies, d. nettle. See lamium. d. space, a cavity
left after the closure of a wound, d. voice, a voice
without nasal resonance; the so-called nasal voice.

deadly (ded'-le). Capable of causing death; fatal;
mortal, d. nightshade. See atropa, and belladonna.

deaf (def) [AS., deaf]. Lacking the sense of hear-
ing; in a condition of impaired hearing, d. fields,
two small triangular planes, converging toward the
external auditory meatus, and in which the vibrating
tuning-fork is not heard, d.-mutism, the state of
being both deaf and dumb; the deafness may be
congenital or acquired, and prevent the individual
from learning to speak, d.-mutism, hysterical, a
condition of deaf-mutism of sudden development,
due to hysteria, d.-points, some points near the
ear in which a vibrating tuning-fork cannot be heard.

deafness (def'-nes) [deaf]. The state of being deaf.
Deafness may be due to disease of the external
auditory canal, the middle ear, the internal ear,
the auditory nerve, or the brain, d., bass, difficulty
in hearing low tones, d., boilermakers', deafness
resulting from working among machinery, and
characterized by inability to hear ordinary conver-
sation, while hearing power is increased amid loud
noise, d., cerebral, that due to a brain-lesion, d.,
cortical, that due to disease of the cortical centers for
hearing, d., mind, d., psychic, inability to recognize
or understand the sounds heard, due to destruction
of the central area of the auditory center, d.,
paradoxic. See Willis's paracusis, d., speech-, a
variety of psychic deafness resembling word-deaf-
ness, except that the faculty of repeating and writing
after dictation is not lost, d., tone. See tone, d.,
word-. See d., psychic.

dealbate (de-al'-bat) [dealbatus, whitwashed]. In
biology, coated with a fine white down or powder.

dealbation (de-al-ba'-shun) [see dealbate]. The
process or act of becoming or being made white, as
by bleaching.

dealcoholization (de-al-ko-hol-i-za'-shun). The re-
moval of alcohol from an object or compound used
in microscopic technic. d.-agent, a liquid employed
for the purpose of getting rid of the alcohol in pre-
served specimens, and to facilitate the penetration
of paraffin in microtomy.

deambulation (de-am-bu-la' -shun) [deambulare, to
take a walk]. Gentle exercise as by walking.

deamidation (de-am-id-a'-shun) [de-; amide]. The
conversion of amido-acids into oxyacids.

deammoniated (de-am-o' -ne-a-ted) [de, from; am-
monium]. Deprived of ammonia.

deanesthesiant (de-an-es-the' -ze-ant) [de, from;
anesthesia]. A means for arousing the system from
a state of anesthesia.

deaquation (de-ak-wa'-shun) [de, from; aqua,

DEARGENTATION

276

DECIPARA

water]. The act or process of removing water from a
substance.

deargentation (de-ar-jen-ta'-shun) [deargentare, to
plate with silver]. The act or process of silvering.

dearterialization (de-ar-te-re-al-i-za'-shun) [de, from;
arteridlization]. The transformation of the blood
from the arterial to the venous state. Cf. atmospher-
ization.

dearticulation (de-ar-tik-u-la'-shun). See diarthro-
sis, disarticulation, dislocation.

death (deth) [AS., death]. The cessation of life.
d., binsical, death preceded by mania, d., black,
an exceedingly fatal epidemic called the "plague,"
which occurred in Europe during the fourteenth cen-
tury, and during which it is estimated, 20,000,000
persons died, d., local, death of a part, d., molar,
necrosis, gangrene, d., molecular, death of indi-
vidual cells; ulceration, d., muscular, a state of the
muscles in which they no longer react to stimuli.
d.-rate, the annual mortality per 1000. d.-rattle,
the gurgling sound heard in the throat of a dying
person, d., somatic, death of the organism as a
whole.

deauration (de-aw-ra'-shun) [deaurare, to gild].
The act or process of gilding.

debilitant (de-bil' -it-ant) [debilitare, to weaken].
1. An agent allaying excitement. 2. Weakening.

debility (de-biV-it-e). See asthenia, d., nervous.
See neurasthenia.

Debove's disease (de-boov') [Maurice Georges
Debove, French physician, 1845- ]. Spleno-
megaly. D.'s membrane, the basement membrane
of the the mucosa of the trachea, bronchi, and in-
testinal tract.

debridement (da-bred-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The enlarge-
ment of a wound or hernia in operating; the slitting
of any constricting tissue or band.

deca- (dek-a-) [bkua, ten]. Ten; prefixed to the
units of weight, capacity, and length in the metric
system, it signifies a measure ten times as large as
the unit. See metric system.

decagram (dek'-a-gram) [5ka, ten; gram]. Ten
grams or 154-32349 grains, 0.353 ounce avoirdupois,
or 0.3215 ounce troy. See metric system.

decalcification (de-kal-sif-ik'-a-shun) [de, priv.;
calx, lime; facer e, to make]. The withdrawal of the
lime-salts of bone.

decalcify (de-kal'-sif-i) [see decalcification]. To
remove lime-salts from tissues.

decalcifying fluid (de-kal'-sif-i-ing flu-id). A solu-
tion used for the purpose of depriving tissue of its
calcium salts. Chromic acid 1 gram, water 200 c.c,
then add 2 c.c. nitric acid, — is recommended.

decaliter, decalitre (dek-a-le'-ter) [dena, ten; liter].
Ten liters, or i\ imperial gallons, or 2.64 U. S.
gallons. See metric system.

decalvant (de-kal'-vant) [decalvare, to make bald].
Destroying hair.

decameter, decametre (dek'-a-me-ter) [Sena, ten;
meter]. Ten meters or 393-7 English inches, or 32.8
feet. See metric system.

decane (dek'-an) [Saca, ten], C10H22. A hydro-
carbon of the paraffin series.

decantation (de-kan-ta'-shun) [de, down; cantus, a
side]. The operation of removing the supernatant
fluid from a sediment.

decapitation (de-kap-it-a'-shun) [de, from; caput,
head]. The act of beheading, especially as per-
formed on the fetus when other means of delivery
have failed.

decapitator (de-kap'-it-a-tor) [de, from; caput, head].

An instrument used in performing decapitation.

decapsulation (de-kap-su-la'-shun). Removal of a
capsule; especially removal of the capsule of the
kidney.

decarbonated (de-kar'-bon-a-ted). Deprived of
carbon dioxide.

decarbonization, decarburation, decarburization
(de-kar-bon-i-za'-shun, de-kar-bu-ra'-shun, de-kar-bu-
ri-za'-shun). The act or process of freeing a sub-
stance from carbon.

decay (de-ka') [de, down; cadere, to fall]. 1. Putre-
factive change. 2. The ultimate katabolic state;
decline of life, of health, or of one or more functions.

decemcostate (de-sem-kos'-tat) [decern, ten; costa,
a rib]. Having ten ribs.

decemfid (de'-sem-fid) [decern; findere, to divide].
Cut into ten parts.

decemipara (de-sem-ip'-ar-ah) [decern; par ere, to
bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the tenth time.

decentered (de-senf -erd) [de, from; center]. Out
of common center; said of lenses as to focus, or of
masses as to equilibrium, etc.

decentration (de-sen-tra'-shun) [see decentered].
Removal from a center.

decerebrated (de-ser'-e-bra-ted). Decerebrized.

decerebrize ide-ser' -e-brlz) [de, from; cerebrum].
To remove the brain, as of a frog, in physiological
experiments; decerebrate.

dechloridation (de-klo-rid-a'-shun). The removal
of salt from the diet with the object of reducing the
quantity of chlorides in the body tissues and fluids.

dechloruration (de-klor-u-ra'-shun). The producing
of decreased excretion of chlorides in the urine by
means of dechloridation.

deci- (des-e-) [decern, ten]. A prefix which, joined
to the metric units of length, capacity, and weight,
signifies a measure one-tenth as large as the unit.
See metric system.

decidua (de-sid' -u-ah) [deciduus, falling off]. The
mucous membrane which lines the uterus and
surrounds the ovum during pregnancy. Syn.,
decidua membrana; decidua tunica, d. basalis. Same
as d. serotina. d., catamenial. See d., menstrual.
d., epichorial. See d. reflexa. d. graviditatis, the
menstrual decidua during pregnancy, d., inter-
uteroplacental. See d. serotina. d. membrana.
See decidua. d., menstrual, the outer layer of
the uterine mucosa which is shed during menstru-
ation. In membranous dysmenorrhea it is discharged
in pieces before disintegration. Syn., catamenial
decidua. d. placentalis subchorialis, the layer of
the maternal placenta lying next the chorion. Syn.
decidua subchorialis. d. reflexa, that part of the
decidua growing about the ovum and inclosing it as a
sac. d. serotina, that part of the decidua vera upon
which the ovum lies, and from which the placenta is
subsequently formed, d. serotina, glandular. See
d. serotina, uterine, d. serotina, placental, that
portion of decidua serotina which is in contact with
the parts of cotyledons of the placenta, as dis-
tinguished from the uterine decidua serotina. d.
serotina, uterine, the outer layer of the decidua
serotina; the glandular decidua serotina. d. sub-
chorialis. See d. placentalis subchorialis. d. tuber-
osa et polyposa, a form of decidual endometritis
characterized by a roughened condition and polypoid
growths of the uterine mucosa, d. vera, the thick-
ened, vascular, spongy mucous membrane of the
gravid uterus.

decidual (de-sid'-u-al). Belonging to the decidua.
d. cells, a proliferation of young connective-tissue
cells above the uterine glands, taking place after the
ovum is impregnated, and producing an hypertrophy
of the mucous membrane of the uterus, d. endo-
metritis, see endometritis.

deciduation (de-sid-u-a'-shun). The act or process
of dropping off or shedding.

deciduitis (de-sid-u-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
decidual membranes of the gravid uterus.

deciduoma (de-sid-u-o'-mah) [decidua; 5pa, a
tumor: pi., deciduomata.] An intrauterine tumor
containing decidual relics, and believed to arise from
some hyperplasia of a retained portion of the decidua.
By some it is considered a sarcoma, d. malignum,
a variety of uterine sarcoma first described by Saenger,
which in its microscopic characters strongly resembles
decidual tissues. Syn., choroioepithelioma malignum;
sarcoma deciduocellulare ; syncytioma malignum.

deciduosarcoma (fle-sid-u-o-sar-ko'-mah). See de-
ciduoma malignum.

deciduous (de-sid' -u-us) [de, away from; cadere, to
fall]. Falling off. d. teeth, the temporary teeth or
milk-teeth.

decigram (des'-e-gram) [decimus, tenth; gram].
One-tenth of a gram or 1.54 grains troy. See metric
system.

decilan ides' -il-an). A solution of formaldehyde
and potassium oleate; used as an antiseptic and
disinfectant.

deciliter (des'-e-le-ter) [decimus, tenth; liter]. One-
tenth of a liter, or 3.52 English fluidounces or 3.3s
U. S. fluidounces. See metric system.

decimeter (des'-e-me-ter) [decimus, tenth; meter].
One-tenth of a meter, or 3-937 inches. See metric
system.

decinormal (des-e-nor'-mal) [deci-; norma, normal].
Having one-tenth the strength of the normal.

decipara (de-sip' '-ar-ah) [decern, ten; par ere, to
bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the tenth time.

DECLINATION

277

DEFINING POWER

declination {dek-lin-a' -shun) [decline]. The dip of
the magnetic needle.

declinator (dek'-lin-a-tor) [decline]. An instrument
for holding the dura apart during trephining.

decline {de-klin') [declinare, to bend], i. A
gradual decrease, as of a fever. 2. A wasting away
of the bodily strength. 3. A popular term for
pulmonary tuberculosis.

declive {de-kliv') [declivis, sloping]. 1. A lower
or descending part. 2. See declivis cerebelli.

declivis cerebelli {de-kli'-vis ser-e-bel'-i) [L.].
The sloping posterior aspect of the monticulus.

decoction (de-kok'-shun) [decoquere, to bod down].
A liquid preparation obtained by boiling vegetable
substances in water.

decoctum {de-kok' -turn) [L.: pi., decocta]. A decoc-
tion.

decollation (de-kol-a'-shun). See decapitation.

decollator {de-koV -a-tor) [decollare, to behead].
An instrument for fetal decapitation.

decolorant {de-kul'-or-ant) [de, priv. ; color]. An
agent for the altering or removal of color.

decoloration {de-kul-or-a'-shun) [decolorare, to
deprive of color]. Removal of color.

decolorize {de-kuV -or-iz) [decolorare, to deprive of
color]. To remove the excess of coloring-matter
from stained histological preparations, for purposes of
differentiation.

decombustion {de-kom-bust'-yun) . See deoxidation.

decompensation {de-kom-pen-sa' -shun) [de, priv.;
compensare, to compensate]. Failure of compensa-
tion (as of the circulation or of the heart).

decomposability (de-kom-po-za-bil'-it-e) [de, from;
componere, to compose]. Capability of being de-
composed.

decompose {de-kom-poz'). 1. To cause a com-
pound to break up into its simpler constituents.
2. To undergo putrefaction.

decomposition (de-kom-po-zish'-un) [decomponere,
to decompose]. 1. The separation of the component
principles of a body. 2. Putrefactive fermentation.

decompression {de-kom-presh'-un). The removal
of compression or pressure, d. injury, injury from
the effects of a sudden vacuum. See caisson
disease.

decongestive {de-kon-jes'-tiv) [de, from; conger ere,
to bring together]. Relieving congestion.

decortication (de-kor-tik-a'-shun) [de, from; cortex,
the bark]. 1. The stripping of the bark or husk
of a plant. 2. The stripping off of portions of the
cortical substance of the brain from the summits of
the gyri. 3. Decapsulation, as of the kidney. 4.
Removal of the cortex of any viscus. d. pulmonary,
pleurectomy.

decostate {de-kos'-tat) [de, from; costa, a rib].
Without ribs.

decrement (dek'-re-ment). See decline.

decrepit {de-krep'-it) [decrepitus, old]. Broken
down with age.

decrepitation {de-krep-it-a'-shun) [decrepitare, to
crackle]. A crackling or crepitation.

decrepitude {de-krep'-it-ud) [decrepit]. The state
of being decrepit; senility; the feebleness of old age.

decrustation (de-krust-a' -shun) [de, from; crusta,
a crust]. The detachment of a crust.

decubital {de-ku'-bit-at). Relating to a decubitus
or to a bed-sore.

decubitus {de-ku' -bit-us) [decumbere, to lie down].
1. The recumbent or horizontal posture. 2. A
bed-sore, d., acute, a form of bed-sore due to
cerebral lesions, d., Andral's. See under Andral.

decursus fibrarum cerebralium [L.]. The running
down of the cerebral fibers.

decurtation {de-kur-ta'-shun) [decurtare, to curtail].
The ablation or shortening of a structure or usual
duration of a condition.

decurvature {de-kurv'-a-chur) [decurvatus, bent
back]. A descending curvature.

decussate (de-kus'-dt) [see decussation]. To inter-
sect; to cross.

decussatio (de-kus-a'-she-o) [L.]. A decussation,
or crossing, d. brachii conjunctivi, decussation of
the brachium conjunctivum. d. fontinalis, fountain
decussation. d. lemniscorum, decussation of the
fillet or lemniscus, d. pontinalis (more correctly
pontilis), in the pons, a decussation of tegmental
fibers from the thalamus, d. pyramidum, the
decussation of the pyramids, d. nervorum tro-
chlearium, decussation of the trochlear nerves on
the upper surface of the valvula.

decussation (de-kus-a'-shun) [decussatio, a crossing].
A chiasma or X-shaped crossing, especially of sym-
metrical parts, as of nerve-fibers, nerve-tracts, or
nerve-filaments. The principal decussations are that
of the optic nerve and that of the lateral pyramidal
tracts in the medulla, d. of the brachium con-
junctivum, crossing of fibers in the postgeminum
to the opposite red nucleus, d. of the fillet, the
crossing of afferent fibers in the medulla, d., Forel's.
See under Forel. d., fountain, Spitzka's term for
such a decussation of nerve-fibers as is seen in the
cortex of the anterior quadrigeminum. d., motor.
See d. of the pyramids, d. of the optic nerve, the
chiasm, d., pineal, Spitzka's term for the crossing
of certain fibers of the inner division of the reticular
formation, d., piniform. See d. of the pyramids,
sensory, d., pyramidal, superior, d., pyramidal,
upper. See d. of the pyramids, sensory, d. of the
pyramids, d., pyramidal, the oblique crossing of the
bundles of the anterior pyramids of the oblongata
from opposite sides of the median fissure. Syn.,
inferior decussation; motor decussation; piniform
decussation; ventral decussation of the pyramids.
d. of the pyramids, sensory, a crossing of certain
fibers having their origin in the funiculi cuneati of
the spinal cord, which occurs in the upper part of the
oblongata, between the anterior pyramids and the
gray floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., decussation
of the fillet; interolivary decussation; pyramidal
posterior decussation, d. of the pyramids, ventral.
See d. of the pyramids, d., sensory. 1. See d. of
the pyramids, sensory. 2. The crossing of the outer
bundles of the anterior pyramids of the spinal cord.
Syn., superior decussation, d., sensory, middle, a
crossing in the median line of certain fibers between
the upper and lower pyramids, d., tegmental,
of Meynert, the crossing of the fibers in the cortex
of the anterior quadrigeminum. d., ventral. See
d. of the pyramids.

decussorium {de-kus-o'-re-um) [L.]. An instru-
ment for depressing the dura after trephining.

dedalous, daedalous (ded'-al-us) [SaidaKeos, curi-
ously wrought]. Labyrinthiform ; intricately
wrought.

dedasol {ded'-as-ol). A proprietary tablet con-
taining digitalis.

dedentition {de-den-tish'-un) [de, down; dens, a
tooth]. The shedding of the teeth.

dedolation {ded-o-W -shun) [dedolatio, a hewing off].
A cutting off obliquely.

deemetinize {de-em' -et-in-lz). To deprive ipeca-
cuanha of its emetic principle, emetin.

deep {dip). Not superficial, d. reflexes. See
under reflex, d. water, water obtained from a porous
layer beneath the first impervious stratum.

defatigatio {de-fat-ig-a' -she-o) [L.]. Over-fatigue;
overstrain, as of the heart-muscle, d. mentis, brain-fag.

defecation {def-ek-a' -shun) [defcecare, to separate
from the dregs]. 1. The evacuation of the bowels.
2. Clarification, as of wine. Cf. decantation.

defect {de-fect') [defectus, a failure]. A lack or
failure; absence of any part or organ; absence or
failure of a normal function.

defemination {de-fem-in-a'-shun). The loss or di-
minution of female characteristics, with the assump-
tion of male characteristics by a woman.

defensive protein {de-fen' -siv) . A globulin normally
present in the animal body, possessing germicidal
functions.

deferent {def'-er-ent) [deferens, carrying away].
Carrying away or down; efferent. See vas.

deferentectomy {def-er-ent-ek'-to-me) . Excision
of the vas deferens.

deferential {def-er-en' -shal) . Pertaining to the vas
deferens.

deferentiovesical {def-er-en-she-o-ves'-ik-al) . Per-
taining to both the vas deferens and the bladder.

deferentitis {def-er-en-li'-tis) [deferens; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the vas deferens.

deferred shock. The late onset of the symptoms
of shock.

defervescence {de-fer-ves'-ens) [defervescere, to
cease boiling]. Disappearance of fever.

defibrillation {de-fi-bril-a' -shun) [de, from; fibrilla,
a small fiber]. The tearing of the brain-substance
in the direction of the least resistance, in order to
make cleavage-preparations.

defibrination {de-fi-brin-a'-shun) [de, from; fibra,
a fiber]. The removal of fibrin from blood or lymph.

defining power {de-fi'-ning). See definition.

DEFINITION

278

DEHYPNOTIZATION

definition (def-in-ish'-un) [definire, to bound by
limits]. In optics, the power of a magnifying lens to
show clear outlines of the object examined, free from
aberration or distortion.

definitive (de-fin' -it-iv). Limiting the extent; final.

deflagration (def-lag-ra'-shun) [deflagrare, to be
consumed]. A sudden, violent combustion, such as
accompanies the oxidation of certain inorganic
substances by mixing them with an easily decom-
posing salt, such as the alkaline chlorates and nitrates.

deflagrator (def-la-gra'-tor) [see deflagration]. An
apparatus for producing very rapid combustion.

deflect (de-flekf) [defledere, to bend away]. To
turn or bend from a straight course.

defloration (def-lo-ra'-shun) [de, from; flos, a
flower]. On the part of the female, the first sexual
connection. The loss of those marks or features that
indicate virginity.

defluvium capillorum (de-flu' -ve-um kap-il-or'-um).
Alopecia.

defluxion (de-fluk'-shuri) [de, down; fluere, to
flow]. I. A discharge. 2. A catarrh; a descent of
the humors or secretions. 3. A rapid falling, as of
the hair or eyebrows.

deformation (de-for-ma'-shun) [deformare, to de-
form]. The process of disfigurement, d., Sprengel's.
See under Sprengel. d., Volkmann's. See under
Volkmann.

deforming (de-form' -ing). Disfiguring, d. arthri-
tis. See arthritis deformans, d. ostitis. See ostitis.

deformity (de-for'-mit-e). Abnormal shape or
structure of a body or part, d., anterior. See
lordosis.

def unctionalization (de-funk-shun-al-iz-a'-shun) .
The act of destroying a function.

defurfuratiott (de-fur -fur -a' -shun) [de, from; furfur,
bran]. Desquamation.

defuselation (de-fu-sel-a'-shun). The removal of
fusel oil from spirits.

defusion (de-fu'-zhun). See decantation.

deganglionate (de-gan' -gle-on-at) . To remove a
ganglion or ganglia.

degenerate (de-jen'-er-dt) [see degeneration]. 1. To
revert to a lower type. 2. An individual who has
reverted to a lower type.

degeneration (de-jen-er-a'-shun) [degenerare, to
become base]. 1. A morbid process consisting in
the conversion of the elements of a tissue into some
inert substance. 2. A term indicating imperfect or
abnormal development of the psychic faculties.
Syn., degenerescence. d., Abercrombie's, amyloid
degeneration, d., albuminoid, a cloudy and granular
swelling of the cell protoplasm, d., albuminous,
albuminous infiltration, d., amyloid, characterized
by the formation of an albuminous substance, re-
sembling starch in its chemical reaction, d., ascend-
ing, a trophic degeneration of nerve-fibers or tracts
progressing from the site of the original lesion toward
the cerebrum, d., bacony. Same as d., amyloid.
d., calcareous. See infiltration, calcareous. d.,
cellulose. See amyloid degeneration, d., cheesy.
See caseation, d., chitinous. See amyloid degenera-
tion, d., colloid, the change of the protoplasm of
epithelial cells into a substance that resembles mucus,
but is not precipitated by alcohol or acetic acid.
d., cystic, degeneration with cyst-formation, d.,
cystoid, of the retina, round or oval cystoid spaces
surrounded by hypertrophied radial fibers found in
the retina at all ages, as described by Iwanoff.
d., descending, a degeneration of nerve-fibers or
tracts extending peripherally from the original lesion.
d., earthy. See calcification and infiltration, cal-
careous, d., fascicular, that form of atrophy of
paralyzed muscles following pathological change in
the motor ganglion-cells of the central tube of the
gray matter of the spinal cord or their efferent fibers.
d., fatty, a change of the proteids of the tissues into
fat. d., fibrofatty, of the placenta, an association of
fatty degeneration of the placenta with fibromatous
degeneration of the chorionic villi and of the decidua
serotina. d., fibroid, a change into fibrous tissue.
d., fibrous, of the heart, hyperplasia of the cardiac
connective tissue accompanying chronic interstitial
inflammation, d., gelatiniform. See d., colloid.
d., granular, parenchymatous degeneration distin-
guished by a deposit of albuminoid particles, d.,
gray, in nervous tissue, a gray degeneration due to
chronic inflammation, d., hyaline, a degeneration
affecting particularly the connective tissue of the
walls of blood-vessels, and giving rise to a substance

resembling amyloid material, but lacking its reac-
tions. See amyloid degeneration, d., hyaloid. See
amyloid degeneration. d., hydrocarbonaceous,
Paschutin's term for a special degeneration peculiar
to diabetes. Syn., Paschutin's degeneration, d.,
lardaceous. Same as d., amyloid, d., liquefactive,
a process resembling fatty degeneration, accom-
panying fibrinous exudations, d., mineral. See
calcification, d., mucoid, the degeneration of tissue
into a jelly-like, transparent substance containing
mucin, d., myelin, a process sometimes occurring
in chronic pneumonia in which there is a formation of
myelin coincident with fatty degeneration in the
pulmonary alyeoli. d., myxomatous. See d., mu-
coid, d., parenchymatous. See cloudy swelling.
d., parenchymatous, of the kidney, a degeneration of
the parenchyma of the kidney following the acute
nephritis of pregnancy, diphtheria, or an acute
attack of fever. It is accompanied by 10 to 25 %
of albumin in the urine, which remains of normal
quantity. d.? Paschutin's. See d., hydrocarbon-
aceous. d., pigmentary, d., pigment, a pigmentation
of the muscles accompanying the atrophy due to
cachexia, insufficient food, or the marasmus of old
age. d., putrid. See hospital gangrene, d., reac-
tion of. See reaction of degeneration, d., secondary.
See Wallerian degeneration, d., signs of, physical
imperfections, such as asymmetry of corresponding
parts, adherent lobules of the ear, stammering,
supernumerary or deficient digits, etc., observed in
persons presenting psychic degeneration, d., the-
roid, in psychiatry, the lowering or approximation
of the human mental faculties and instincts to those
of the lower animal, d., trabecular, a degeneration
of the bronchial wall in which there is a hypertrophy
of the elastic and inelastic tissues of the fibrous
sheath of the bronchus and its cartilages, d., uratic,
the deposition of uric acid and the urates in the
tissues, d., Virchow's. See amyloid degeneration.
d., vitreous. See albuminoid disease and amyloid
degeneration, d., Wallerian. See under Wallerian.
d., waxy. Same as d., amyloid. ^

degenerative (de-jen'-er-a-tiv). Of or pertaining
to degeneration.

deglabration (deg-la-bra'-shun) [deglabrare, to
make smooth]. The process of becoming bald.

deglutible (de-gloot'-ibl) [deglutitio, a swallowing].
Capable of swallowing, or of being swallowed.

deglutitio impedita (de-gloo-tish'-e-o im-ped-i'-tah).
Synonym of dysphagia.

deglutition ~(deg-loo-tish'-un) [deglutitio, a swallow-
ing]. The act of swallowing.

deglutitive (deg-loo'-tit-iv). Relating to deglutition.

degote (de-gof) [Russ.]. Oil of white birch.

degradation (deg-rad-a'-shun) [degradatio, a descent
by steps]. Gradual physiological and histological
change for the worse; degeneration; retrograde
metamorphosis.

degrease (de-gres') [Fr. digraisser]. To remove
fat, as from bones in the preparation of skeletons.

degreasing (de-gres' -ing) [Fr., digraisser]. Remov-
ing the fat, as from bones.

degree (de-gre') [de, from; gradus, a step]. 1. Posi-
tion in a graded series; quality. 2. The units or
intervals of thermometric or other scales. Also,
a title or testimonial of qualification granted by a
university or college.

degustation (de-gus-ta'-shun) [degustare, to taste].
The act of tasting.

degut (de-gut') [Russ.]. Birch oil or tar. See
birch.

dehematize (de-hem' -at-iz) [de, from; al/xa, blood].
To deprive of blood.

dehiscence (de-his'-ens) [de, off; hiscere, to gape
or yawn]. The act of splitting open, d.s, Zucker-
kandl's. See under Zuckerkandl.

dehumanization (de-hu-man-iz-a'-shun) [de, from;
humanus, human]. 1. The loss of the proper charac-
teristics of humanity, either by insane persons, or
by debased criminals. 2. The supposed loss of
some quality pertaining to the human species; as
in the alleged dehumanization of vaccine virus.

dehydrate (de-hV -drat) [de, from; vdup, water].
To remove water from.

dehydration (de-hi-dra'-shun) [de, away from;
idup, water]. The removal of water

dehydrogenize (de-hi'-dro-jen-iz). To deprive of
hydrogen.

dehypnotization (de-hip-no-ti-za'-shun). Waking
from hypnotism.

DEINTOXICATION

279

DEMENTIA

deintoxication (de-in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [de, from;
intoxication}. The process of overcoming the effects
of toxic substances.

deintoxification (de-in-toks-if-ik-a'-shun). See de-
toxification.

Deiters' cells (di'-ters) [Otto Friedrich Carl
Deiters, German anatomist, 1834-1863]. 1. The
branched, flattened cells of the neuroglia. 2. The
cylindricoconical cells resting upon the basilar mem-
brane of Corti's organ and supporting the hair-cells.
D.'s nucleus, a large nucleus situated in the oblongata
between the inner portion of the cerebral peduncles
and the restiform body. D.'s phalanges, the phal-
angeal processes of Deiters' cells in the organ of
Corti. D.'s process, the axis-cylinder process of a
nerve-cell; the neuraxon.

dejecta (de-jekt'-ah) [dejicere, to throw down].
Intestinal evacuations; alvine discharges; fecal
matter. Excrementitious matter in general.

dejection (de-jek'-shun) [dejecta]. The discharge
of fecal matter; the matter so discharged. Also a
state of despondency.

dejecture (de-jek'-chur) [dejecta]. Matter evacu-
ated from the intestine; feces.

Dejerine's disease (da-zher-en') [Joseph Jules
Dejerine, French neurologist, 1840- ]. Hyper-
trophic interstitial neuritis of infancy.

Dejerine-Sottas' disease, D.-S.'s type of muscular
atrophy. See Dejerine's disease.

delacerare (de-las' -ur-at) [delacerare]. To tear to
pieces, or lacerate severely.

delaceration (de-las-er-a'-shun) [delacerare]. To
tear to pieces or lacerate severely.

delactation (de-lak-ta' -shun) . See ablactation.
. Delafield's hematoxylin (del'-a-feld) [Francis
Delafield, New York physician, 1841- ]. Dis-
solve 4 Gm. of hematoxylin in 25 Cc. of absolute
alcohol, and add 400 Cc. of a saturated aqueous
solution of ammonium alum. Expose to light and
air for 3 or 4 days; filter; add to the filtrate 100 Cc.
each of glycerol and methyl-alcohol. An excellent
nuclear stain.

delamination (de-lam-in-a'-shun) [de, away; lamina,
a plate]. The splitting into layers.

deleterious (del-et-e'-re-us) [StjXtjt^/uos, hurtful].
Hurtful, injurious.

Delhi boil (del' -he) [city in India]. See furunculus
orientalis.

delicate (del'-ik-at) [delicatus, delicate]. Of a
refined constitution. Feeble. In a condition of
poor health.

deligation (del-ig-a'-shun) [deligatio, a binding].
Ligation, as of an artery.

delimitation (de-lim-it-a' -shun) [delimitare, to
mark out]. The determination of the limits of
areas, regions, or organs in physical diagnosis.

deliquation, deliquiation (del-ik-wa'-shun, del-ik-
we-a'-shun). Deliquescence.

deliquescence (del-ik-wes'-ens) [deliquescere, to
melt away]. A liquefaction by absorption of water
from the atmosphere.

deliquescent (del-ik-wes'-ent) [see deliquescence].
Dissolving; applied especially to salts that absorb
moisture from the air and liquefy.

deliquium (del-ik'-we-um) [L.]. An absence.
d. animi. 1. Failure of the mind; mental decay;
melancholy; lowness of the spirits. 2. Syncope or
fainting.

delirament (de-lir'-am-ent) [delir amentum, de-
lirium]. Delirium.

delire a Java. See lata.

deliriant, delirifacient (de-lir'-e-ant, de-lir'-e-fa'-
she-ent) [delirium]. Producing delirium.

delirious (de-lir'-e-us) [delirium]. Affected with
delirium.

delirium (de-lir'-e-um) [L., "madness"]. A con-
dition of mental excitement with confusion and
usually hallucinations and illusions, d., alcoholic.
See d. tremens, d. constantium, the constant repe-
tition and expression of a single fixed idea, charac-
teristic of the delirium of insane persons having
fever, d. cordis, a violent, tumultuous beating of
the heart, d., depressive, a form of general delirium
in which there is a marked torpidity as to ideas,
feelings, and determinations, d., Dupuytren's. See
d. nervosum, d., febrile, the delirium of fever.
d. of grandeur, a condition in which an individual
has insanely exaggerated ideas of his own importance
or of his possessions, d., inanition. That occurring
in a person weakened by a febrile affection, d.

nervosum, the delirium following severe surgical
operations or injuries, d. of persecution, that in
which the patient imagines himself the object of
persecution, d., primordial, a form marked by
ideas which persistently dominate the mind, d.,
toxic, delirium caused by poisons, d., traumatic.
See d. nervosum, d. tremens, that arising from al-
coholic poisoning. Characterized by constant trem-
or, insomnia, great exhaustion, distressing illusions,
and hallucinations.

delitescence (del-it-es'-ens) [delitescere, to lie hid].
The sudden disappearance of inflammation by reso-
lution.

deliver (de-liv'-er) [de, from; liber are, to free].
To free from something, especially to deliver a woman
of a child or of the after-birth. The word is also
applied to the part removed, as to deliver the placenta
or a tumor.

delivery (de-liv'-er-e) [see deliver]. The act of
delivering or freeing from something, especially the
relieving of a woman of the contents of the uterus;
parturition; childbirth, d., postmortem, the birth
of a fetus after the death of the mother.

delomorphous (de-lo-mor'-fus) [8rj\os, conspicuous;
noptfyq, form]. Having a conspicuous form. d. cells
of Rollet. See under Rollet.

delphini oleum (del-fi'-ni o'-le-um) [L.]. The oil
of the common porpoise, phoccena communis. It is
said to have all the medicinal virtues of cod-liver
oil, without the disagreeable qualities of the latter.

delphinine, delphinium, delphinoidine, delphisine
(del' -fin-en, del-fin' -e-um, del-fin-oid'-en, del'-fis-en).
See staphisagria.

delta (del'-tah) [Sk\ra, A, the fourth letter of the
Greek alphabet]. 1. Any triangular space. 2. The
vulva, from its triangular shape, d. fornicis, a
triangular area of the ventral surface of the fornix
dorsad of the portae; lyra fornicis. d. mesoscapulee,
the triangular area at the root of the spine of the
scapula.

deltoid (del'-toid) [delta; tlSos, likeness]. 1.
Delta-shaped. 2. A muscle of the shoulder. See
muscles, table of. d. ligament, the internal lateral
ligament of the ankle-joint, d. ridge, the ridge on
the humerus for the insertion of the deltoid muscle.

deltoideus (del-toid-e'-us). See muscles, table of.

delusion (de-lu'-zhun) [de, from; lusus, play]. A
false belief, the falsity of which is apparent, but out
of which the person cannot be reasoned by indubitable
evidence, d.s, expansive, d.s, large, a symptom of
the second stage of general paralysis of the insane,
in which the patient conceives ideas involving
colossal size, magnificent wealth, or extravagant
numbers.

delusional (de-lu'-zhun-al) [delusion]. Of the
nature of a delusion; characterized by delusions.
d. stupor. See insanity, confusional.

demagnetization (de-mag-net-i-za'-shun). The act
of depriving an object of magnetic properties.

demagnetize (de-mag' -net-lz). To deprive an
object of magnetic properties.

demarcation (de-mark-a'-shun) [demarcare, to set
the bounds of]. Separation, d., line of, a red line
forming at the edge of a gangrenous area and marking
the limit of the process.

Demarquay's symptom (de-mar-ka') [Jean Nicolas
Demarquay, French surgeon, 181 1-1875]- Immo-
bility or lowering of the larynx during deglutition
and phonation; it is characteristic of tracheal syphilis.

demedication (de-med-ik-a'-shun). The removal of
deleterious drugs from the system, as lead, arsenic,
or phosphorus, by the reversal of the electric current
used in cataphoresis, in a suitably arranged bath.

demembration (de-mem-bra' -shun) [demembrare, to
deprive of a limb or limbs]. The cutting off of a
member; amputation; castration.

dement (de'-ment) [dementia], A person suffering
with dementia.

dementation (de-men-ta'-shun) [dementia]. Loss of
mind; insanity.

demented (de-ment'-ed). Deprived of reason.

dementia (de-men' -she-ah) [de, from; mens, the
mind]. A form of insanity characterized by a
deterioration or loss of the intellectual faculties, the
reasoning power, the memory, and the will, d.,
paralytic, general paralysis of the insane. See
paresis, d. paranoides, a form of d. prcecox, charac-
terized by paranoiac delusions, d. praecox, a form
which appears at the age of puberty in children
previously intellectually bright; there are various

DEMI-

280

DENTATE

delirious symptoms at the beginning; constant
sudden impulses and rapid termination in a dementia
which is more or less complete, d., primary, that
occurring independently of other forms of insanity.
d., secondary, that following another form of insanity.
d., senile, that due to the degenerations of old age.
d., terminal, that coming on toward the end of other
forms of insanity or certain nervous diseases.

demi- {dimidius, half]. A prefix meaning half.

demifacet (dem-e-fas'-et) [demi-; facet]. One-half
of an articulation surface adapted to articulate with
two bones.

demilune cells (dem'-e-lun). See Adamkiewicz,
Gianuzzi and Heidenhain.

demimonstrosity (dem-e-mon-stros'-it-e) [demi, half;
monstruosus, monstrous]. A variety of congenital
deformity that does not give rise to appreciable
disorder of function.

demineralization (de-min-er-al-iz-a'-shun). In-
crease in the elimination of mineral salts, d.,
coefficient of, the quantity of mineral matter as
compared with the total solids, in the urine.

demipenniform (dem-e-pen' -e-form) [demi-; penna,
a wing]. Applied to structures or organs which
have one of two margins winged.

Demodex (de'-mo-deks) [dynS*, fat; 5^, an insect].
A genus of parasitic insects. D. folhculorum, the
pimple-mite, a minute parasite found in the sebaceous
follicles, particularly of the face. It probably does
not produce any symptoms.

demography (de-mog'-ra-fe) [bfinos, the people;
ypafetv, to write]. The science of peoples col-
lectively considered; social science, including that
of vital statistics and the consideration of questions
of state medicine, d., dynamic, a study of the
activities of human communities, their rise, progress,
and fall, d., static, a study of the anatomy of a
human community, its numbers, the sex, age, wealth,
calling, etc., of the people.

demonomania (de-mon-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Sainuv, a
devil; navia, madness]. A form of madness in
which a person imagines himself possessed of a devil.

demonomania c {de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ak) [daifiuv, a
devil; /tdna, madness]. One who suffers with
demonomania.

demonomy (de-mon'-om-e) [Sijuos, the people;
vdfios, a law; a custom]. The science of humanity.

demonopathy (de-mon-op'-a-the) [daL/xuv, a demon;
7ra0os, disease]. ^ Same as demonomania.

de mono phobia (de-mon-o-fo'-be-ah) [Saipoiv, a
devil; 4>b&os, fear]. Morbid dread of devils and
demons.

demonstrator (dem'-on-slra-tor) [demonstrate, to
show], i. One who instructs in the practical
application of the arts and sciences. 2. An assistant
or subordinate teacher. 3. The index finger

De Morgan's spots {de-mor'-gan) [Campbell De
Morgan, English physician, 1811-1876]. Bright
red nevoid spots frequently seen on the skin in cases
of cancer.

demorphinization (de-morf-in-i-za'-shun) [de, from;
morphine]. Treatment of morphinism by gradual
withdrawal of the drug.

Demours' membrane (dem-oor') [Pierre Demours,
French ophthalmologist, 1702-1795]. See Descemet's
membrane.

demulcent (de-mul'-sent) [demulcere, to soothe],
r. Soothing; allaying irritation of surfaces, especially
mucous membranes. 2. A soothing substance,
particularly a slippery, mucilaginous liquid.

(de) Mussey's point, de M.'s symptom. See
Mussey's (de) point.

denarcotized (de-nar'-ko-tizd) [de, priv.; narcotine].
1. Deprived of narcotizing qualities. 2. Of opium,
deprived of narcotine.

denatured (de-na'-churd). Changed, made differ-
ent from normal, d. alcohol, ethyl alcohol which
has been rendered unfit for drinking by the addition
of methyl alcohol and benzine.

denaturization (de-nat-u-ri-za'-shun) [de, priv.;
natura, nature]. Alteration in the characteristics
of an organic substance by chemical action, boiling,
or addition.

dendraxon (den-draks'-on) [dendron; axon]. Von
Lenhossek's term for a neuron with a short axon, its
axonal processes being for the most part devoid of
sheaths.

dendric (den'-drik) [dendron]. Provided with
dendrons.

dendrite (den'-drit). See dendron.

dendritic, dendroid (den-drit'-ik, den'-droid) [den-
dron]. Branching like a tree.

dendron (den'-dron) [SkvSpov, a tree]. One of
the short, free projections or socalled protoplasmic
processes of a nerve-cell.

dengue (dong'-ga) [West Ind.]. An acute, epi-
demic, infectious disease, characterized by a febrile
paroxysm, severe pains in the bones, joints, and
muscles, and, at times, a cutaneous eruption. The
period of incubation is from 3 to 5 days; the invasion
is sudden, with high fever (1060 F.), severe pains in
the muscles, bones, and joints, the last being swollen
and reddened. After the fever has lasted 3 or 4
days it subsides, but at the end of from 2 to 4 days
a second paroxysm accompanied with pain occurs.
Convalescence is slow; complications are rare.
Syn., breakbone fever ; dandy fever.

denidation (de-ni-da'-shun) [de, priv.; nidus, a
nest]. The disintegration and ejection of the
superficial part of the uterine mucosa.#

Deiuges' test for formaldehyde in milk (den-e-zha')
[Georges Denigls, French chemist, 1859- ].
Make a solution of 40 Cc. of 0.5 % solution of
fuchsin; 250 Cc. distilled water; 10 Cc. of sodium
bisulphite, sp. gr. 1.375; 10 Cc. pure sulphuric acid.
To 1 Cc. of this solution add 10 Cc. of the suspected j
milk and let it stand 5 minutes. Then add 2 Cc. of
pure hydrochloric acid and shake. In the presence
of formaldehyde a violet color will appear; a yellow-
ish-white color in its absence. D.' test for uric acid,
convert uric acid into alloxan by the action of
nitric acid; expel the excess of nitric acid by gentle
heat, and treat with a few drops of sulphuric acid
and a few drops of commercial benzol (containing
thiophen) ; a blue coloration will result.

denigration (de-ni-gra'-shun) [denigrare, to blacken].'
The act or process of rendering black; the state of
having become black.

Denisensko's method (den-is-en'-sko). The sub-
cutaneous injection of a watery extract of Chelidonium
majus in the treatment of cancer.

denitration (de-ni-tra'-shun). The process of
taking away nitric acid from a compound.

denitrify (de-ni'-tre-fi) [de, priv.; nitrogen]. To
remove nitrogen.

denitrifying (de-ni'-tre-fi-ing). Applied to bacteria
which reduce nitric acid to nitrous acid and ammonia.

Denonvillier's fascia (de-non(g)-vel-ya) [Charles
Pierre Denonvillier, French surgeon, 1 808-1872].
The rectovesical fascia between the prostate gland
and rectum.

de novo (deno'-vo) [L.]. Anew.

dens (denz) [L.: pi., denies]. 1. A tooth. See
teeth. 2. The tooth-like process on the body of the
axis, going through the front part of the ring of the
atlas, d. serotinus, a wisdom tooth.

densimeter (den-sim'-et-er) [densus, dense; \xkrpjv,
a measure]. An appliance for ascertaining the
specific gravity of a liquid.

densimetric (den-sim-et'-rik). Having reference
to the use of the densimeter.

density (den'-sit-e) [densitas, thickness]. Close-
ness; compactness, especially the degree of closeness
of one body compared with an equal volume of
another taken as a standard; specific gravity. In
electricity, the amount of electricity accumulated
on a unit of surface during a given time.

dentagra (den-ta'-grah) [dens, a tooth; ay pa, a
seizure]. 1. Toothache. 2. A tooth-forceps.

dental (den'-tal) [dens]. Pertaining to the teeth.
d. arch, the arch in the alveolar process, d. bulb,
the dental papilla, d. engine, a machine worked
by a treadle and possessing a flexible cable and
adjustable arm and hand-piece, which afford great
facility of movement and adaptation. By means
of attachments to the hand-piece drills can be oper-
ated at various angles, d. germ, the rudiment of a
tooth, d. sac, the sac that encloses the developing
tooth in the embryo, d. tubuli, the minute wavy
tubes occurring in the dentine of teeth.

dentalgia (den-tal'-je-ah) [dens; 0X705, pain].
Toothache.

dentalis lapis (den-ta'-lis lap'-is) [L.]. Salivary
calculus; tartar of the teeth.

dentarpaga {den-tar' -pa-gah) [dens; apirayn, hook].
An instrument for the extraction of teeth.

dentata (den-ta'-tah). See axis (2).

dentate (den' -tat) [dens]. Toothed; having a
toothed or serrated edge. d. body. See corpus
dentatum. d. convolution, a convolution found in

DENTATION

281

DEPHLOGISTICATE

the hippocampal fissure, d. fasciaj the serrated
free edge of the dentate convolution, d. fissure,
the hippocampal fissure.

dentation {den-ta' -shun) . The formation of tooth-
like structures, as on the margin of a leaf.

dentatum {den-ta' -turn) [L.]. The dentate nucleus
of the cerebellum.

dentelation {den-tel-a' -shun) . The condition of
being furnished with tooth-like processes.

dentes {den'-tez) [L., plural of dens]. Teeth.
See teeth, d. acuti, the incisor teeth, d. adulti,
the teeth of second dentition, d. adversi, the incisor
teeth, d. angulares, the canine or cuspid teeth, so
called probably because they are situated at the angles
of the alveolar arch, at the corners of the mouth, or
from the angular shape of their crowns, d. bicus-
pidati, bicuspid teeth, d. canini, the cuspid or
canine teeth; so called from their resemblance to
the teeth of a dog. d. cariosi, carious teeth, d.
columellares, the molar teeth, d. cuspidati, cuspid
teeth, d. exserti (exsertere), to thrust out, teeth
that project or are in front of the dental arch, but
applied more particularly to the cuspids, d. in-
cisores, incisor teeth, d. lactei, the milk, temporary,
or deciduous teeth. See deciduous teeth, d. molares,
molar teeth, d. primores, the incisor teeth; so
called because they occupy the front or anterior part
of the dental arch. d. sapientiae, the wisdom-teeth.
A name given to the third molar tooth of each half
of the jaws. d. tomici {tomicus, cutting), the incisor
teeth.

dentiaskiascope {den-te-ah-ski' -a-skop) [dens; ski-
ascope]. An instrument for examining the teeth and
alveoli. It consists of a small fluorescent screen
within an aluminum case, so situated that the
screen image is reflected upon a mirror which the
operator sees through a tube.

denticle {den'-tik-V) [denticulus, a small tooth].
A small tooth or projecting point.

denticulate {den-tik' -u-lat) [denticle]. Having mi-
nute dentations; furnished with small teeth or
notches.

denticulus {den-tik' -u-lus) [L.]. A little tooth.

dentier (don(g)-te-a') [Ft.]. A French word
signifying a base of metal, ivory or any other sub-
stance, employed as a support or attachment for
artificial teeth. The term is also sometimes applied
to a set of artificial teeth.

dentification {den-tif-ik-a' -shun) [dens; facere, to
make]^ The formation of teeth; dentition.

dentiform {den'-tif-orm) [dens; forma, shape].
Odontoid, tooth-like.

dentifrice {den' -tif-ris) [dens; fricare, to rub]. A
substance for cleansing the teeth.

dentigerous {den-tij'-er-us) [dens; gerere, to carry].
Bearing or_ containing teeth, as a dentigerous cyst.

dentilabial {den-te-la'-be-al) [dens; labium, lip].
Relating to the teeth and lips.

dentilave {den'-te-lav) [dens; lavare, to wash]. A
mouth-wash or tooth-wash.

dentilingual {den-ti-lin'-gwal) [dens; lingua, tongue].
Relating to the teeth and tongue.

dentinal {den'-tin-aT). Pertaining to or composed of
dentine, d. fibers, the protoplasmic substance in
the dentinal tubules, d. papillae, the forerunners
of the dentinal pulp. d. tubules, canals in the
matrix of dentine.

dentinalgia {den-tin-al'-je-ah) [dentine; akyos, pain].
Pain in dentine.

dentine, dentin {den'-ten, den'-tin) [dens]. A modi-
fied osseous tissue forming the principal part of a
tooth, and consisting, histologically, of dental
tubuli and intertubular tissue, chemically, of the
phosphates of calcium and magnesium, the carbonate
and fluoride of lime, and organic matter, chiefly
gelatin. The bony structure of the tooth lying under
the enamel of the crown and the cement substance
of the root, d., secondary, adventitious deposits
of dentine which occur in or upon the dental pulp
after tooth-formation is complete.

dentinification (den-tin-if-ik-a' -shun) [dentine; fa-
cere, to make]. The formation of dentine through
the agency of specialized cells, the odontoblasts.

dentinitis (den-tin-i'-lis) [dentine; irts, inflamma-
tion]. m Inflammation of the dentinal fibrils.

dentinoid (den'-tin-oid). i. Similar to dentine.
2. Pertaining to an odontoma.

dentinosteoid (den-tin-os'-te-oid) [dentine; darkop,
bone]. _ A tumor of dentine and bone.

dentiphone {den' -tif-on) [dens; <t>wvr), a voice].

A form of audiphone in which the vibrating disc is
attached to the teeth.

dentist {den' -list) [dens]. One who practises
dentistry.

dentistry {den'-tis-tre). Dental surgery, embracing
everything pertaining to the prevention and treat-
ment of diseases of the teeth.

dentition {den-tish'-un) [dens]. Teething; the
cutting of the teeth, d., primary, the cutting of
the temporary or milk-teeth, d., secondary, the
eruption of the 32 permanent teeth.

dentoid {den'-toid) [dens; elSos, resemblance].
Tooth-like.

dentoiletta {dent-wah-let'-ah). A device consisting
of two mirrors so arranged that persons may examine
their own teeth.

dentola {den'-to-lah). A solution used on swollen
gums, said to consist of cocaine hydrochloride, 1 part;
potassium bromide, 10 parts; glycerol and water,
each, 200 parts.

dentolingual {den-to-ling' -wat). Pertaining to the
teeth and the tongue or lingual nerve.

dentoliva {den-toV -iv-ati) [dens; oliva, an olive].
The olivary nucleus.

dentomental {den-to-ment'-aV). Pertaining to the
teeth and chin.

dentonasal {den-to-na'-zal). Pertaining to the
teeth and nose.

denture {den'-chur) [dens]. 1. The entire set or
group of teeth; the whole assemblage of teeth in
both jaws. 2. A set, or plate, of artificial teeth, s

Denuce's ligament {den-oo-sa') [Maurice Denuce",
French surgeon, 1859- ]. A short and broad
fibrous band in the wrist-joint, connecting the radius
with the ulna.

denucleated {de-nu'-kle-a-ted). Deprived of the
nucleus.

denudation {den-u-da' -shun) [denudare, to denude].
A stripping or making bare.

denuding {de-nu'-ding) [denudare, to denude].
A stripping or making bare. d. of the teeth, an
affection that consists in the gradual destruction^
the enamel of the anterior or labial surfaces of the
incisors, cuspids, and sometimes of the bicuspids;
the molars are rarely affected by it.

denutrition {de-nu-trish'-un) [de, from; nutrire,
to nourish]. 1. Faulty or absent nutrition. 2. An
atrophy and degeneration of tissue arising from
lack of nutrition.

depbstruent {de-ob'-stroo-ent) [de; obstruere, to
obstruct]. 1. Removing obstruction. 2. A medi-
cine that removes obstruction; an aperient.

deodorant {de-o' -dor-ant) [de; odor are, to smell].
1. Removing or concealing offensive odors. 2. A
substance that removes or conceals offensive odors.

deodoriferant {de-o-dor-if -er-ant) [see deodorant].

1. Possessing the power of overcoming bad odors.

2. See deodorant.

deodorized {de-o'-dor-izd) [see deodorant]. De-
prived of odor.

deodorizer {de-o' -dor-i-zer) [de, priv.; odor are, to
smell]. A deodorizing agent; a substance that
destroys offensive odors.

deontology {de-on-tol'-o-je) [Skov, right, binding;
X670S, science]. The science of duty, d., medical,
medical ethics.

deoppilant, deoppilative {de-op' -il-ant, -at-iv) [de;
oppilare, to stop]. The same as deobstruent.

deorsum {de-or'-sum) [L.]. Downward, d. ver-
gens. See vergens.

deorsumduction {de-or-sum-duk' -shun) . A down-
ward movement, as of the eye.

deossification {de-os-if-ik-a' -shun) [de, away^os,
bone; facere, to make]. The absorption of bony
material; the deprivation of any part of its bony
character.

deoxidation {de-oks-id-a'-shun) [de, from; oxygen].
The removal of the oxygen from a chemical com-
pound.

deoxygenation {de-oks-e-jen-a'-shun). The process
of removing oxygen from a compound.

deozonize (de-o'-zon-tz) [de, from; ozone]. To
deprive of ozone.

depancreatize {de-pan' -kre-at-iz). To remove the
pancreas.

dephlegmation {de-fleg-ma'-shun) [de, from; <f>\eyeiv,
to burn]. The removal of water by distillation.

dephlogisticate {de-flo-jis'-tik-at) [de-, priv.; <£Ao-
7&xm, inflammation]. To lessen inflammation in a
part.

DEPIGMENTATION

282

DERMATIN

depigmentation (de-pig-ment-a'-shun). The re-
moval of natural pigments from the skin or from
microscopic preparations by the action of weak
solutions of bleaching or oxidizing solutions.

depilate (dep'-il-at) [depilate, to remove the hair].
To remove the hair.

depilation (dep-il-a'-shun) [depilate]. The removal
or loss of the hair.

depilatory (de-pil'-at-o-re) [depilate], i. Having
the power to remove the hair. 2. A substance,
usually a caustic alkali, used to destroy the hair.

depilous (dep'-il-us) [depilate]. Hairless.

deplanate (dep'-lan-at) [deplanare, to level].
Leveled; flattened.

deplethoric (de-pleth'-or-ik) [de, priv.; plethora].
Marked by absence of plethora.

depletion (de-ple' -shun) [deplete, to empty]. 1. The
act of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the body
or in a part, especially by bleeding. 2. The con-
dition of the system produced by the excessive loss
of blood or other fluids.

depletive, depletory (de-ple'-tiv, de-ple' -tor-e) [de-
plete, to empty]. 1. Causing or tending toward
depletion. 2. A medicine that depletes.

deplumation (de-plu-ma' -shun) [de, down; off;
pluma, feather]. The loss of the eyelashes.

depolarization (de-po-lat-iz-a'-shun) [de; polus,
pole]. The neutralization of polarity.

depolarizer (de-po'-lat-i-zet). A refracting plate
used with a polarizer which resolves the polarized
ray into ordinary and extraordinary rays.

deportation (de-por-ta' -shun) [de; pottare, to bear].
Veit's term for the process in which the chorionic
fringes are detached and lose all connection with the
fetal placenta.

deposit (de-poz'-it) [de; ponere, to place]. A
sediment; a collection of morbid particles in a body.

depositive (de-poz'-it-iv) [deposit]. A term applied
to that state of the skin in which lymph is poured
out and papules arise.

depravation (dep-rav-a'-shun) [deptavate, to vitiate].
A deterioration or morbid change in the secretions,
tissues, or functions of the body.

depraved (de-pravd'). Corrupt, perverted or
vitiated.

depressant (de-pres'-ant) [see deptession], 1.
Lowering. 2. A medicine that diminishes func-
tional activity.

depressed (de-presf) [see deptession]. 1. Re-
ferring to a state of lowered vitality; affected with
depression. 2. Having the dorsolateral diameter
reduced. 3. Flattened from above downward.
d. fracture, a cranial fracture with sinking of the
bone.

depression (de-presh'-un) [deptimete, to depress].
1. A hollow or fossa. 2. Inward displacement of a
part, as of the skull. 3- Lowering of vital functions
under the action of some depressing agent.

depressive (de-pres'-iv). Causing depression.

depressomotor (de-pres-o-mo'-tor) [deptession; mov-
ere, to move]. 1. Diminishing motion. 2 An
agent that diminishes the action of the motor ap-
paratus.

depressor (de-ptes'-or) [deptession], 1. A muscle,
instrument, or apparatus that depresses. 2. A
nerve, stimulation of which lowers the functional
activity of a part, as the deptessot nerve of the
heart. 3. One of two substances found in the
infundibular part of the hypophysis, having distinct
physiological properties. It produces a fall of blood-
pressure. Cf. ptessor.

deprimens (dep'-rim-enz) [L.]. Depressing. A
depressing muscle, d. oculi, the rectus inferior
muscle of the eye.

depucelation (de-pu-sel-a' -shun) [depucelatio]. The
act of deflowering.

depurant (dep'-u-rant) [deputate, to purify]. 1.
Purifying; cleansing. 2. A medicine that purifies
the animal economy.

depurated (dep'-u-ra-ted). Purified; cleansed.

depurative (dep'-u-ra-tiv) [see deputatot]. Purify-
ing or cleansing.

depurator (dep'-u-ra-tor) [deputate, to purify].
A drug or device for cleansing.

DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term
reaction of degenetation.

deradelphus (der-ad-el'-fus) [8epti, neck; &5eX<£6s,
brother], A monocephalic dual monstrosity, with
fusion of the bodies above the umbilicus, and with
four lower extremities and three or four upper.

deradenitis (der-ad-en-i'-tis) [Seprj, neck; 4517*', a
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of- the
cervical glands.

deradencncus (der-ad-en-ong'-kus) [Sepv, neck;
iSriv, a gland; 6jkos, mass]. Swelling of a neck-gland.

deranencephalia (det-an-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [Seprj,
neck; &v, priv.; iyicbpahos, brain]. Teratism marked
by absence of the head and brain, the neck being
present.

derangement (de-ranj'-ment). Disorder of in-
tellect; insanity.

Derbyshire neck (der'-be-sher). See goiter.

Dercum's disease (det'-kum) [Francis Xavier
Detcum, American physician, 1856- ]. Adiposis
dolorosa, a painful dystrophy of the subcutaneous
connective tissue, somewhat resembling myxedema.

derencephalocele (der-en-sef'-al-o-sel) [bkpr\, neck;
encephalocele]. Hernia of the brain through a
fissure in the cervical vertebrae.

derencephalous (der-en-sef'-al-us) [Sepn, neck;
iyKk<t>aKos, brain]. Affected with derencephalus;
of the nature of derencephalus.

derencephalus (der-en-sef'-al-us) [depri, neck;
eyK&pa\os, brain]. A variety of single autositic
monsters of the species anencephalus, in which the
bones of the cranial vault are rudimentary, the
posterior portion of the occiput absent, and the
upper cervical vertebra? bifid, the brain resting in
them.

deric (der'-ik) [depos, the skin]. External; per-
taining to the ectoderm.

derivant (der'-iv-ant) [see derivation]. Derivative;
a derivative drug.

derivation (der-iv-a'-shun) [derivare, to turn a
stream from its banks]. The drawing away of blood
or liquid exudates from a diseased part by creating
an extra demand for them in some other part.

derivative (de-riv'-at-iv). 1. Producing derivation.
2. An agent that produces derivation.

derm, derma (derm, der'-mah) [Sepp.a, skin]. The
true skin.

Dermacentor (der-ma-sen'-tor) [hkpp.a, skin; xkvrup,
a goader]. A genus of ticks, some species of which
are responsible for the spread of the infecting princi-
ple of Rocky Mountain fever. D. reticularis, a tick
through which are disseminated the Piroplasma cants
and P. hominis.

dermad (der'-mad) [derm; ad, to]. Externally;
toward the skin; ectad.

dermagra (det-ma'-gtah). See pellagra.

dermal (der'-mal). Pertaining to the skin. d.
muscle, a skin-muscle, d. skeleton. See detmo-
skeleton.

dermalaxia (der-mal-dks'-e-ah) [detm; pa\aida,
softness]. > Morbid softening of the skin.

dermalgia (der-mal '-je-ah) . See detmatalgia.

dermanoplasty (der-man' -o-plas-te) [detm; ava-
ir\&<r<reiv, to form anew]. Skin-grafting.

Dermanyssus (der-man-is'-us) [depua, skin; vvootiv,
to prick]. A genus of itch-mites. D. avium is a
species found on birds and sometimes on the human
subject.

dermapostasis (der-ma-pos'-ta-sis) [detm; hiro<na.<n%,
a falling away]. A skin disease with focal induration.

derma tagra (der-mat-a'-grah). 1. Derma talgia.
2. See pellagra.

dermatalgia (det-mat-al'-je-ah) [derm; a\yos, pain].
Pain in the skin unaccompanied by any structural
change, and caused by some nervous disease or
reflex influence.

dermataneuria (det-mat-ah-nu'-te-ah) [derm; A,
priv.; v'eopov, a nerve]. Derangement of the nerve-
supply of the skin, giving rise to anesthesia or paraly-
sis.

dermatatrophia (det-mat-ah-tto'-fe-ah) [derm; atro-
phy]. Atrophy of the skin.

dermatauxe (det-mat-awks'-e) [Sepp.a, skin; at/fr,
augmentation]. Thickening or hypertrophy of the
skin.

dermathemia (det-mat-he'-me-ah) [derm; al/ia,
blood], A congestion of the skin. Syn., dermcemia;
dermohemia.

dermatic (det-mat'-ik) [8kpp.a, the skin]. I. Re-
lating to the skin. 2. A remedy for diseases of the
skin.

dermatin (der' -mat-in). A preparation used in
dermatology. It consists of salicylic acid, 5~7
parts; starch, 7-15 parts; talc, 25-50 parts; silicic
acid, 30-60 parts; kaolin, 3-9 parts. It is used as a
protective.

DERMATITIS

283

DERMATOPLASTY

dermatitis (der-mat-i'-tis) [derm; ins, inflamma-
tion]. An inflammation of the skin. d. ambustionis,
d. calorica, the form due to burns and scalds, d.,
blastomycetic, a skin disease caused by a yeast-like
fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis. d. congelationis.
Same as frost-bite. d. contusiformis, erythema
nodosum, d., Duhring's. See d. herpetiformis, d.,
electroplating, a form of inflammation due to lime-
dust employed in finishing electroplating, which,
coming in contact with an abrasion, forms a caustic
paste which in time produces an ulcer, d. exfoli-
ativa, an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin,
in which the epidermis is shed more or less freely in
large or small scales. See pityriasis rubra, d.
gangrenosa, sphaceloderma; gangrenous inflamma-
tion of the skin. d. herpetiformis, an inflammatory
skin disease of a herpetic character, the various
lesions showing a tendency to group. It is a protean
disease, appearing as erythema, vesicles, blebs, and
pustules, and is associated with fever, itching, and
burning, d. hiemalis, a recurrent inflammation of
the skin associated with cold weather and allied to
the erythemas; the color is dark blue. It attacks
distal extremities first and appears to be due to
circulatory disturbance, d. medicamentosa, drug-
eruptions; inflammatory eruptions upon the skin
due to the action of certain drugs taken internally.
d. nodularis necrotica, a necrosis of the skin and
superficial layers of the corium, due primarily to
changes and consequent obstruction in the blood-
vessels between the cutis and subcutis. d., oidial.
See d., blastomycetic. d. papillaris, capillitii, a
chronic skin disease affecting the nape of the neck
and adjacent parts, and characterized by minute
red papules, which occasionally suppurate, and are
usually traversed by a hair. They unite to form
hard, white or reddish, keloid -looking elevations,
from which a bundle of atrophied hairs protrudes.
d., primal, that caused by contact with primula
obconica; it is due to the fine hairs on the under
surface of the leaves, d., pustular, impetigo, d.,
Roentgen-ray, d., X-ray, that due to prolonged
exposure to Roentgen-rays. d. traumatica, that
resulting from traumatism, d., vegetative, elevated,
vegetating lesions covered with crusts and very
prone to bleeding, occurring in remissions of eczema
on nurslings, and believed to be due to some infection.
A similar affection in adults has been recorded under
the names eczema vigitante and pyodermite vegetante.
d. venenata, that produced by the local action of
irritant substances, d., X-ray. Same as d., Roent-
gen-ray.

dermato- [dkpfia, skin]. A prefix signifying per-
taining to the skin.

dermato-autoplasty (der-mat-o-aw'-to-plas-te) [der-
mato-; autoplasty]. Dermatoplasty by means of
grafts taken from the patient's body.

Dermatobia (der-mat-o' -be-ah) [dermato-; /3ios,
life]. A bot-fly of Central America, the eggs of
which are not infrequently deposited in the skin and
produce a swelling very like an ordinary boil.

dermatobiasis (der-mat-o-bi'-as-is). Infection with
Dermatobia.

dermatocellulitis (der-mat-o-sel-u-li'-tis). Inflam-
mation of the subcutaneous connective tissue.

dermatoconiosis, dermatokoniosis (dur-mat-o-kon-
i-o'-sis) [dermato-; kovLcl, dust]. Any skin-disease
due to dust. Cf. enter oconiosis; pneumoconiosis.

dermatocyst (der-maf -o-sist) [dermato-; cyst]. A
cyst of the skin.

dermato dynia (der-mat-o-din'-e-ah). See dermatal-
gia.

dermatodyschroia (der-mat-o-dis-kroi'-ah) [der-
mato-; Sva-xpoia, a bad color]. Abnormal pigmenta-
tion of the skin.

dermatography (der-mat-og'-ra-fe) [dermato-; ypk-
<f>eiv, to write], i. A description of the skin. 2. See
dermographia.

dermatoheteroplasty (der-mat-o-het'-er-o-plas-te)
[dermato-; heteroplasty]. Dermatoplasty by means
of grafts taken from the body of another than the
patient.

dermatoid (der'-mat-oid) . See dermoid.

dermatokelidosis (der-mat-o-kel-id-o'-sis) [dermato-;
KrjXi&ovv, to stain]. Pigmentation of the skin.

dermatokeras (der-mat-o-ker'-as) [dermato-; /cepas,
a horn]. See cornu culaneum.

dermatol (der'-mat-ol) [derm], CsEh, (OH) 3 -
C02Bi(OH)2. Bismuth subgallate, an astringent,
antiseptic powder, of yellow color, used in affections

of the skin and mucous membranes that are associ-
ated with excessive secretion; it is especially recom-
mended for diarrhea in tuberculosis and typhoid
fever. Dose internally £-i£ dr. (2-6 Gm.) daily.

dermatologist (der-mat-ol'-o-jist) [see dermatology].
A skin specialist.

dermatology (der-mat-ol'-o-je) [dermato-; \6yos,
science]. The science of the skin, its nature, struc-
ture, functions, diseases and treatment.

dermatolysis (der-mat-oV -is-is) [dermato-; \vavs, a
loosing]. A hypertrophy of the skin and subcu-
taneous tissue, with a tendency to the formation of
folds.

dermatoma (der-mat-o' -mah) [dermato-; 5fia, a
tumor]. A tumor of the skin.

dermatomalacia (der-mat-o-mal-a' se-ah) [dermato-;
ftaXaxia, softness]. Morbid softening of the skin.

dermatome (der'-ma-tom) [dermato-; refiveiv, to
cut]. An instrument for incising the skin.

dermatomelasma (der-mat-o-mel-az'-mah) [der-
mato-; ne\a<TfjLa, a black color]. Addison's disease.

dermatomere (dur-mat'-o-mer) [dermato-; nepos, a
part]. The integumentary portion of the embryonic
metamere.

dermatomucosomyositis (der-mat-o-mu-ko-so-mi-
o-si'-tis). Inflammation involving the skin, mucosa,
and muscles.

dermatomycosis (der-mat-o-mi-ko'-sis) [dermato-;
mycosis]. Any skin disease caused by a vegetable
parasite, d. achorina. See favus. d. barbae nodosa.
See sycosis parasitaria. d. diffusa. See tinea imbri-
cata. d. favosa, favus of the skin, exclusive of that
of the hair and nails, d. furfuracea. See tinea
versicolor, d. maculovesiculosa. See tinea tricho-
phytina. d. marginata. See eczema marginatum.
d. palmellina, a parasitic disease described by Pick
as affecting the axillae, the chest, the backs of the
hands, the inner surfaces of the thighs, and the
pubes. It is characterized by the presence of
rounded spores adherent to the hairs, d. pustulosa.
See impetigo contagiosa. m

dermatomyoma (der-mat-o-mi-o'-mah) [dermato-;
lids, muscle; 5/xa, a tumor; pi., dermatomyomata].
Myoma seated upon or involving the skin.

dermatomyositis (der-mat-o-mi-o-si'-tis) [dermato-;
myositis]. An infectious inflammation of both skin
and muscles, accompanied by edema, fever, and
general depression. Cf. myositis; polymyositis.

dermatoneuria (der-mat-o-nu'-re-ah). See dermato-
neurosis.

dermatoneurology (der-mat-o-nil-rol'-o-je) [der-
mato-; neurology]. Neurology limited to the skin.

dermatoneurosis (der-mat-o-nu-ro'-sis) [dermato-;
neurosis]. A neurosis of the skin. d. indicatrix, an
eruption of the skin due to nervous disease and
indicative of more serious symptoms, d., stereo-
graphic, a form characterized by an elevation, welt,
or wheal corresponding in size and shape to the object
the application of which produced the elevation. It
is due to an extravasation of serum, and is illustrated
in the welts that follow light blows of the whip on a
nervous horse.

dermatonosis (der-mat-on'-o-sis) [dermato-; voaos,
disease]. Any disease of the skin.

dermatonosus (der-mat-on'-o-sus) [dermato-; vbaos,
disease]. Any skin-disease, d., neuropathic, any
cutaneous disease of nervous origin, as angioneurosis,
trophoneurosis, and idioneurosis.

dermatopathology (der-mat-o-path-ol'-o-je). The
pathology of the skin.

dermatopathy (der-mat-op'-ath-e) [dermato-; vdBos,
disease]. Any skin-disease.

Dermatophuus penetrans. The jigger, chigger, or
chigoe; a sand-flea of the West Indies and India;
parasitic in man.

dermatophone (der'-mat-o-fon) [dermato-; <f>o>vri,
sound]. A stethoscopic appliance devised by Vol-
tolini-Hueter, by means of which one may perceive
the sound of the blood-current in the skin. It also
makes perceptible the muscle-tones, and in the ten-
dons and bones it demonstrates the transmitted
vibrations. Syn., myophone; osteophone; tendophone.

dermatophyte (der'-mat-o-fit) [dermato-; 4>vt6v, a
plant]. 1. Any species of fungous vegetation that
grows upon the skin. 2. A cutaneous appendage,
as a hair, feather, scale, nail, or horn.

dermatoplasia (der-mat-o-pla' -ze-ah) [dermato-;
irk&acreiv, to form]. The reparative power of the
skin to injury.

dermatoplasty (der'-mat-o-plas-le) [see dermato.

DERMATORRHAGIA

284

DESALINATION

plasia]. An operative replacement of destroyed skin
by means of flaps or skin-grafts.

dermatorrhagia (der-mat-or-a'-je-ah) [dermato-;
l>r)yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the skin.

dermatorrhea (der-mat-or-e'-ah) [dermato-; pola,
a flowing]. A morbidly increased secretion from the
skin.

dermatosclerosis (der-mat-o-skle-ro'-sis). See scle-
roderma.

dermatosis (der-mat-o'-sis) [dermato-; voaos, dis-
ease]. Any disease of the skin, d., angioneurotic,
an infectious, toxic, or essential skin disease, char-
acterized by a general disturbance of the .vascular
tension, together with inflammatory excitation at
the surface of the skin, d., engorgement, a skin
disease characterized by passive derangement of
the circulation, with imperfect venous and lymphatic
absorption, d., hemorrhagic, a traumatic or essen-
tial disease of the skin, characterized by hemorrhage
from the cutaneous blood-vessels, without inflamma-
tion or stasis; dermatorrhagia. d., neurotic, a
cutaneous affection due to disease of the sensory or
trophic nerves. It may be self-limited in its course
(cyclic), as herpes zoster and herpes febrilis; or it
may be acyclic, as neurotic edema, neurotic atrophy,
and neurotic necrosis of the skin, d., parasitic, a
papulovesicular disease described by Nielly, in
which a filaria-like parasite was found in the vesicles,
and believed by him to be identical with craw-craw.
d., postvaccinal, a dermatosis following vaccination,
marked by lesions similar to those of urticaria pig-
mentosa except that desquamation is present and
dermographism is absent.

dermatosome (der'-mat-o-som) [dermato-; aufxa,
body], i. A thickening or knot in the equatorial
region of each spindle-fiber, in the process of cell-
division. 2. One of the hypothetical ultimate units
that form the membrane of vegetable cells.

dermatospasm (der-mat-o-spasm') [dermato-; ciraa-
fifc, spasm]. Cutis anserina, or goose-skin.

dermatosyphilis (der-mat-o-sif'-il-is) [Upua, skin;
syphilis]. The cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.
See syphiloderma.

dermatotherapy (der-mat-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera-
peutics of cutaneous affections.

dermatotomy (der-mat-ot'-o-me) [dermato-; refivetv,
to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of the skin.

dermatoxerasia (der-mat-o-zer-a'-se-ah) [dermato-;
Znpaaia, dryness]. Dryness of the skin. Cf . xeroderma.

dermatozoon (der-mat-o-zo'-on) [dermato-; fw<w,
an animal; pi., dermatozoa]. Any animal parasitic
upon the skin.

dermatozoonosus (der-mat-o-zo-on-o'-sus) [dermato-
zoon; voaos, a disease]. A cutaneous disease due to
animal parasites, such as acarus, filaria, ixodes, leptus,
pediculus, pulex, sarcoptes, etc.

dermatrophia (der-ma-tro'-fe-ah). See dermata-
trophia.

dermectasia (der-mek-ta'-ze-ah). See dermatolysis.

dermelminthiasis (der-mel-min-thi'-as-is) [derm;
Z\fit,vs, a worm], A cutaneous affection due to a
parasitic worm. Cf. dermatozoonosus.

dermen (der'-men) [Skpua, the skin]. Belonging
to the derma itself.

dermenchysis (der-men'-kis-is) [derm; iyxvais, a
pouring in]. Hypodermatic injection.

dermepenthesis (der-mep-en' -thes-is) [Skpua, skin;
iirevdtcns, insertion]. Synonym of skin-grafting.

dermexanthesis (der-meks-an-the'-sis) [Bkpixa, skin;
i^avdrjais, eruption; pi., dermexantheses]. Any skin-
disease marked by a rash-like eruption.

dermic (der'-mik) [derm]. Relating to the skin
or formed of skin. d. graft, a skin-graft, d. layer,
the middle layer of the membrana tympani.

dermis (der'-mis). The corium or true skin.

dermitis (der-mi'-tis). See dermatitis.

dermo- (der-mo-). The same as dermato-.

dermoabdominalis (der-mo-ab-dom-in-a' -lis) . Per-
taining to the skin of the abdomen.

dermoactinomycosis (der-mo-ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis) .
Infection of the skin by actinomyces.

dermoblast (der' -mo-blast) [dermo-; /3Xeurr6s, sprout].
The part of the mesoblast which develops into the
corium.

dermocyma, dermocymus (der-mo-si'-mah, der-
mo-si'-mus) [dermo-; Kvp,a, the fetus]. A monster
fetus containing another within it.

dermoepidermal (der-mo-ep-e-derm'-al). Partaking
of both the superficial and deep layers of the skin;
said of skin-grafts.

dermogen (der'-mo-jen). Trade name of a dusting
powder, the chief constituent of which is zinc oxide.

dermographia (der-mo-graf'-e-ah) [dermo-; yptyeiv,
to write]. A condition of the skin in which tracings
made with the finger-nail or a blunt instrument are
followed by elevations at the points irritated. It is
common in the condition termed vasomotor ataxia.

dermographic (der-mo-graf'-ik) [dermo-; ypiuj>eiv,
to write]. Affected with dermographia. d. pseudo-
urticaria. Same as dermographia.

dermographism (der-mog'-raf-izm) [dermo-; yp&<f>eu>,
to write]. Autographism. See autographic skin and
urticaria factitia.

dermography (der-mog'-ra-fe) [dermo-; yp&<peu>, to
write]. Dermographia; dermal autographism.

dermohemal (der-mo-he'-mal) [dermo-; alp.a, blood].
In biology, applied to parts of the ventral or hemal
fins of certain fishes.

dermohemia (der-mo-he'-me-ah). See dermathemia.

dermoid (der' -moid) [dermo-; eldos, like], i. Re-
sembling skin. 2. A dermoid cyst. d. cyst, a cyst
containing elements of the skin, as hair, teeth, etc.

dermoidectomy (der-moid-ek' -to-me) [dermoid;
£ktoht), excision]. Excision of a dermoid cyst.

dermol (der'-mol). See bismuth chrysophanate.

dermolabial (def-mo-la'-be-al). Having relation
to the skin and the lips.

dermology (der-mol'-o-je). See dermatology.

dermomuscular (der-mo-mus'-ku-lar). Having rela-
tion to both skin and muscles, as certain embryonic
tissues.

dermomycosis (der-mo-mi-ko'-sis). See dermato-
mycosis.

dermoneurosis (der-mo-nu-ro'-sis). See dermato-
neurosis.

dermonosology (der-mo-no-sol'-o-je). Same as
dermatonosology.

dermopapillary (der-mo-pap'-il-a-re). Having rela-
tion to the papillary layer of the true skin.

dermopathy (der-mop'-a-the) [dermo-; ir&Bos, dis-
ease]. Any skin disease.

dermophlebitis (der-mo-fleb-i'-tis) [dermo-; phleb-
itis]. Inflammation of the cutaneous veins.

dermophyma venereum (der-mo-fi'-mah ve-ne'-
re-um). A soft tumor or excrescence, due to syphilis,
and generally found on the surface of the genital
organs or rectum.

dermophyte {der' -mo-fit). See dermatophyte.

dermoplasty; (der'-mo-plas-te). See dermatoplasty.

dermorrhagia (der-mor-a'-je-ah). See dermator-
rhagia.

dermosapol (der-mo-sa'-poV). A soap said to con-
tain perfumed cod-liver oil, Peruvian balsam, wool-
fat, fat, glycerol, and alkali. To these, specifics may
be added; it is used as an inunction in skin diseases,
tuberculosis, etc.

dermoskeleton (der-mo-skel'-et-on) [dermo-; <tkcX-
ctop, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton.

dermostenosis (der-mo-sten-o'-sis) [dermo-; arevu-
<rw, stenosis]. A tightening of the skin, due to
swelling or to disease. Cf. scleroderma.

dermostosis (der-mos-to'-sis) [derm; bariov, a
bone]. Ossification occurring in the true skin.

dermosynovitis (der-mo-si-no-vi'-tis) [dermo-; syn-
ovitis]. Inflammation of a subcutaneous bursa
together with the adjacent skin. d. plantaris ulcer-
osa, a severe suppuration in the sole of the foot which
proceeds from inflammation of the bursa beneath
a callosity and gives rise to a perforating ulcer.

dermosyphilopathy (der-mo-sif-il-op'-a-the) [dermo-;
syphilis; voBos, affection]. A syphilitic skin disease.

dermotherapy (der-mo-ther'-ap-e). See dermato-
therapy.

dermotomy (der-mot'-o-me). See dermatotomy.

derodidymus (der-o-did'-im-us) [Skprj, neck; Sidvuos,
double]. A monstrosity with a single body, two
necks and heads, two upper and lower extremities,
with other rudimentary limbs occasionally! present.

derospasmus (der-o-spaz'-mus) [dkprj, neck; <riraan6s,
spasm]. Spasm or cramp in the neck.

derrid (der' -id). A highly toxic substance from
Derris elliptica, a leguminous plant of Malaya, used
in Borneo as an arrow-poison; it kills fish in a dilution
of i : 5,000,000.

desalgin (des-al'-jin). Colloidal chloroform; an
analgesic powder containing 25 per cent, chloroform
combined with albumin. I k"*l

desalination (de-sal-in-a'-shun) [de, from; sal, salt].
The process of decreasing the salinity of a substance
by the removal of salts.

DE SALLE'S LINE

285

DESULPHURATION

De Salle's line. See Salle's {de) line.

desanimania {des-an-im-a' -ne-ah) [de-; priv.; ani-
mus, mind; pavia, mania]. Mindless insanity;
amentia.

Desault's apparatus, D.'s bandage {des-o') [Pierre
Joseph Desault, French surgeon, I744-I79S]. One
for the arm, consisting of an axillary pad held by
tapes about the neck, a sling for the hand, and two
single-headed rollers. D.'s splint, one used in
treating fracture of the thigh.

Descartes' laws {da-kart') [Rene Descartes, French
philosopher, 1596-1650]. See Snell's laws.

Descemet's membrane {des-ma') [Jean Descemet,
French anatomist, 1732-18 10]. The elastic mem-
brane lining the posterior surface of the cornea.

descemetitis {des-em-et-i'-tis). Inflammation of
Descemet's membrane; serous iritis.

descemetocele {des-em-ef -o-sel) [Descemet's mem-
brane; Ki\\r\, hernia]. Hernia of Descemet's membrane.
• descendens {de-sen' -denz) [descender e, to go down].
Downward, d. noni, a branch of the hypoglossal
nerve. See under nerve.

descending {de-sen' -ding) [see descendens]. Passing
downward, d. current. See current, descending.
d. degeneration. See degeneration, descending, d.
tract, a collection of nerve-fibers conducting impulses
from the centers to the periphery.

descensus {de-sen'-sus) [L.]. A descent, fall, pro-
lapse, d. ventriculi. See gaslroptosis.

descent {de-sent') [see descendens]. The act of
going down; downward motion, d., theory of, the
theory that all higher organisms have descended
by evolution from lower forms; as opposed to the
theory of spontaneous generation or special creation.
Cf. biogenesis; Darwinism; evolution.

Deschamps' needle {da-shahm') [Joseph Francois
Louis Deschamps, French surgeon, 1740-1824]. A
needle on a long handle, used for passing sutures in
deep tissues.

Deshler's salve {desh'-ler). The compound rosin
cerate of the pharmacopeia.

desiccant {des'-ik-anl) [desiccare, to dry up].
1. Causing desiccation; drying. 2. A drying medi-
cine or application.

desiccation {des-ik-a'-shun). Process of drying.

desiccative {des-ik'-a-tiv) [desiccare, to dry up].
1. Drying; desiccant. 2. A medicine or application
having the property of drying moist tissues, ulcers
and running sores.

desiccator {des'-ik-a-tor) [see desiccant]. A vessel
containing some strongly hygroscopic substance,
such as calcium chloride or anhydrous sulphuric
acid, and used to absorb the moisture from the air
of a chamber.

desichthol {des-ik'-thol). Deodorized ichthyol; a
preparation produced from ichthyol by the removal
of about 5 % of volatile oil, to which the disagreeable
odor is due.

desmameba {des-mah-me'-bah) [5e<r/i6i, a band;
ameba]. A connective-tissue corpuscle considered
as an ameboid element.

desmatitis {des-mat-i'-tis). See desmitis.

desmectasia, desmectasis {des-mek-ta'-se-ah, -mek'-
ta-sis) [Sefffios, a band; Sktcutis, a stretching]. The
stretching of a ligament.

desmepithelium {des-mep-ith-e'-le-um) [Seafios, a
band; epithelium]. The endothelial or epithelial
lining of the blood-vessels, lymphatics, and synovial
cavities; the epithelial portions of the mesoderm.

desmiognathus {des-me-o-na' -thus) [deafws, a band;
yvaBos, the jaw]. A monster, the lower jaw of which
has a supplementary head joined to it by ligamentous
or muscular attachment.

desmitis {des-mi'-tis) [Seanos, a band; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of a ligament.

desmo- {des-mo-) [Seanfc, a band]. A prefix
meaning a band, bond, or ligament.

desmobacteria {des-mo-bak-te' -re-ah) [desmo-; bac-
teria]. A group of bacteria corresponding to the
genus Bacilli.

desmoblast {des' -mo-blast) [desmo-; pXao-ros, a
germ]. Rouber's term for that portion of the area
opaca of the blastoderm, especially in mesoblastic
ova, which gives rise to the mesenchyma. Syn.,
desmoh emoblast.

desmocyte {dez'-mo-sit). A general term denoting
any kind of supporting tissue cell.

desmocytoma {dez-mo-si-to'-ma) [desmocyte; 5fia,
a tumor]. A tumor composed of desmocytes; sar-
coma.

Desmodium {des-mo' -de-um) [desmo-; elSos, form].
A genus of plants of the order Leguminosce. An
infusion of the roots of D. erythryncefolium, of South
America, is used in diarrhea and dysentery. The
root of D. incanum, of the West Indies, is prized as a
remedy for dysentery. The root of D. tortuosum, of
North America and the West Indies, is purgative.
D. triflorum is found in all tropical countries. The
fresh plant is applied to abscesses and wounds.

desmodynia {des-mo-din'-e-ah) [desmo-; 68vvt),
pain]. Pain in a ligament.

desmogenous {des-moj'-en-us) [desmo-; yevvav, to
produce]. Of ligamentous origin or causation.

desmography {des-mog'-ra-fe) [desmo-; ypcupeiv,
to write]. The description of the ligaments.

desmohemoblast {des-mo-hem'-o-blast). See desmo-
blast.

desmoid {des'-moid) [desmo-; eldos, likeness].
Like a ligament; fibrous, d. tumor, a fibroid tumor.

desmology {des-mol'-o-je) [desmo-; \6yos, science].
The anatomy of the ligaments. Cf. syndesmography.

desmoma {des-mo' -mah) [desmo-; opa, tumor].
A connective- tissue tumor; a fibroma.

desmon {des'-mon) [Sea/zos, a band]. London's
name for the intermediary body of Ehrlich; an
amboceptor.

desmoneoplasm {des-mo-ne' -o-plazm) [desmo-; neo-
plasm]. Any neoplasm made up of connective tissue.

desmonosology {des-mon-os-oV -o-je) . See desmo-
pathology.

desmopathology {des-mo-path-ol'-o-je) [desmo-; path-
ology]. The pathology of ligaments.

desmopathy {des-mop' -a-the) [desmo-; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Any disease of a ligament.

desmopexia {des-mo-peks'-e-ah) [desmo-; irjj£is, a
putting together]. Fixation of the round ligaments
to the abdominal wall or to the wall of the vagina
for correction of uterine displacement.

desmopycnosis, desmopyknosis {des-mo-pik-no'-
sis) [desmo-; nwoxris, condensation]. Dudley's
operation of shortening the round ligaments of the
uterus.

desmorrhexis {des-mor-eks'-is) [desmo-; pyfrs, a
bursting]. _ The rupture of a ligament.

desmosis {des-mo' -sis) [desmo-; pi., desmoses].
Any disease of connective tissue, especially of the
connective tissue of the skin.

desmotomy {des-mot'-o-me) [desmo-; rout, section].
The dissection and anatomy of the ligaments;
surgical cutting of a ligament.

desmotrophy {dez-mot'-ro-fe). See tautomerism.

desmurgia, desmurgy {des-mur'-je-ah, des-mur'-je)
[desmo-; ipyew, to do; to work]. The art of bandag-
ing or applying ligatures.

Desnos' pneumonia {da-no') [Louis Joseph Desnos,
French physician, 1828-1893]. See Grancher's dis-
ease.

desolution {de-so-lu'-shun) [de, away from; solutio,
solution]. The separation from one body of another
dissolved in it under certain conditions which remove
or diminish the solubility of the latter.

despumation {des-pu-ma' -shun) [despumare, to
skim froth]. The purification of a liquid by removal
of the scum or froth.

desquamation {des-kwam-a'-shun) [desquamare, to
scale off]. The shedding of the superficial epithe-
lium, as of the skin, mucous membranes, and renal
tubules, d., furfuraceous, branny desquamation.
desquamatio neonatorum, the epidermal exfoliation
of newborn infants which takes place during the first
week of life, desquamatio siliquosa, the shedding
of the skin of a part in a continuous, husk-like
structure.

desquamative {des-kwam'-at-iv) [desquamation].
Characterized by desquamation.

dessertspoon. A domestic measure equal to
about 2 dr. (8 Cc).

desternalization {de-ster-nal-i-za'-shun) [de, from;
sternum]. Separation of the sternum from the
costal cartilages.

destructive {de-struk'-tiv). Hurtful; tending to
destroy, d. distillation. See distillation, d. meta-
bolism. See katabolism.

desudation {des-u-da'-shun) [de, away; sudor e, to
sweat]. 1. Profuse or morbid sweating. 2. Sud-
amina.

desudatory {de-su' -dat-or-e) [desudatio, a sweating].
A sweating-bath.

desulphuration, desulphurization {de-sul-phur-a'-
shun, de-sul-phur-i-za'-shun). The act or process of

DESUMVERGENCE

286

DEVONSHIRE COLIC

abstracting sulphur from a compound. Cf. sulphur-
ation.

desumvergence (de-sum-ver'-jenz) [desursum, from
above; verger e, to turn]. A downward inclination of
the eyes.

det. Abbreviation for detur [L.]. Let it be given.

detention (de-ten' -shun) [detinere, to detain]. The
enforced isolation of one or more individuals to
prevent the spread of infectious disease; confinement.

detergal (de-ter' -gal). A proprietary liquid anti-
septic soap containing cresol and thymol.
■ detergent (de-ter' -jent) [deter gere, to cleanse],
i. Purifying; cleansing; abluent. 2. A drug, com-
pound, or solution used for cleansing wounds, ulcers,
etc.

determinant (de-ter' '-min-ant) [determinare, to
limit]. Weismann's name for one of the particles
of germ-plasm corresponding to a group of biophores;
a primary constituent of a cell or group of cells.

determination (de-ter -min-a' -shun) [deter minatio,
a directing]. Of the blood, a tendency to collect in a
part, as determination of the blood to the head.

determinism (de-ter' -min-izm) [determinare, to
limit, prescribe]. In biology, a term introduced by
Claude Bernard to indicate the fatality of the
reproduction of phenomena under similar conditions,
as seen in experimental science.

detersion (de-ter' -zhun) [deter gere, to cleanse].
The action of a detergent; a cleansing.

detersive (de-ter '-siv). Same as detergent.

dethyroidism (de-thi'-roid-izm). See athyrea and
athyreosis.

detonation (det-o-na'-shun) [detonare, to thunder].
The loud noise made by sudden chemical decompo-
sition, as of the fulminates. Cf . fulminate.

detorsion (de-tor' -shun) [detorquere, to turn].
The correction of an abnormal curvature; the restora-
tion of a deformed part to its normal position.

detoxication (de-toks-e-ka'-shun) [de, priv. ; to^lkov,
poison]. 1. See detoxification. 2. Recovery from
the poisonous effects of any substance.

detoxification (de-toks-if-ik-a'-shun) [de, priv.;
ro^iKbv, poison]. The power of reducing the
poisonous properties of a substance.

detoxify (de-toks'-e-fi). To deprive a substance
of its poisonous attributes.

detrital (de-tri'-tal). Consisting of or pertaining
to detritus.

detrition (de-trish'-un) [deter ere, to wear off]. The
wearing or wasting of a part.

detritus (de-tri'-tus) [see detrition]. Waste-matter
from disorganization.

detruncation (de-trun-ka'-shun). See decapitation.

detrusion (de-tru'-zhun) [detrudere, to drive]. An
ejection or expulsion; a thrusting or driving down or
out.

detrusor (de-tru'-sor) [detrudere, to push down].

1. A means or instrument for performing expulsion.

2. A muscle having as its function the forcing down
or out of parts or materials, d. urinae. See muscles,
table of.

detumescence (de-tu-mes'-ens) [detumescentia, a
subsidence of a tumor]. 1. The subsidence of any
swelling. 2. The impulse to evacuate the accumu-
lated secretion of the sexual fluid (Ellis).

deutencephalon (du-ten-sef -al-on) . See dience-
phalon.

deuter-, deutero- (du-ter-, du-ter-o-) [Sevrepos,
second]. Greek prefixes indicating the second of
two similar substances or conditions, especially that
one which contains more of the substance.

deuteranopia (du-ter-an-o'-pe-ah) [deuter-; anopia].
A defect in a second constituent essential for color-
vision, as in green-blindness.

deuteria (du-te'-re-ah). The secundines.

deuteripara (du-ter -ip'-ar -ah) [deuter-; parere, to
bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the second
time.

deuteroalbumose (du-ter-o-al'-bu-mos) . An albu-
mose soluble in water and not precipitated by satura-
tion with sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate,
but by ammonium sulphate.

deuteroelastose (du-ter-o-e-las'-tos) [Sevrepos, sec-
ond; t\a<TTiK6s, elastic]. Elastin-peptone; one of
the products of the digestion of elastin. It is not
precipitable by saturation with sodium chloride.

deuterofibrinose (du-ter-o-fi' -brin-os) . A product
formed from blood-fibrin by digestion.

deuteroglobulose (dil-ter-o-glob'-u-lds). One of
the products formed in the digestion of paraglobulin.

deuterology (du-ter-ol'-o-je) [deutero-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The biology of the placenta.

deuteromyosinose (du-ter-o-mi-o'-sin-os). A pro-
duct of myosin digestion.

deuteropathic (du-ter-o-path' -ik) . Pertaining to a
disease dependent on, or secondary to another.

deuteropathy (dii-ter-op'-a-the) [deutero-; iraBos, a
disease]. A disease that is secondary to another.

deuteroplasm (du'-ter-o-plazm). See deutoplasm.

deuteroproteose (du-ter-o-pro'-te-os). A secondary
proteose; a soluble product of proteolysis.

deuteroscopy (du-ter -os'-ko-pe) [Sevrepos, second;
o-Konvelv, to view]. Synonym of clairvoyance.

deuterostoma (du-ter-os'-to-mah) [deutero-; aropa,
mouth]. A secondary blastopore.

deuterotoxins (du-ter-o-toks'-ins). Dissociation
products of toxins.

deuthyalosome (du-thi-aV -o-som) [Sevrepos, second;
va\6s, glass, crystal; o-upa, body]. The remains of
the germinal vesicle after the polar bodies have
been extruded, formed by the union of portions of
the chromatic stars or discs with portions of the
prothyalosome.

deutiodide (du-ti'-o-did). A biniodide.

deutipara (du-tip'-ar-ah) [Sevrepos, second; parere,
to bear]. A woman pregnant for the second time.

deutochloride (du-to-klo'-rid). The bichloride.

deutoiodide (du-to-i'-o-dld). The biniodide.

deutoplasm (du'-to-plazm) [deutero-; w\(urp.a, formed
material]. A store of nutrient material in the ovum,
from which the protoplasm draws to support it»
growth.

deutosclerous (du-to-skle'-rus) [deutero-; aic\r)p6sr
hard]. Relating to an induration secondary to-
some pathologic condition.

deutoscolex (du-to-sko'-leks) [Sevrepos, second;
o-Kw\y£, worm]. In biology, applied to secondary or
daughter-cysts or bladder-worms that are derived
from a scolex or primary bladder-worm.

deutospermatoblast (du-to-sper' -ma-to-blast) [deu-
tero-; o-irepp.a, sperm; p\ao-r6s, germ]. Any one of the
cells produced by the division of a protospermo-
blast.

deutyl (du'-til). See ethyl.

devalgate (de-val'-gat) [de, intensive; valgus, bow-
leg]. Bowlegged or bandylegged.

devaporation (de-va-por-a'-shun). To bring vapor
back to the liquid state.

developer (de-vel'-op-er). A chemical compound
employed in photography to reduce the metallic
salts and to render visible the image upon an exposed
plate.

development (de-veV -op-ment) [Fr., developper, to
unfold]. The sequence of organic changes, by
which the fertilized ovum becomes the mature animal
or plant.

Deventer's diameter [Hendrik a Deventer, Dutch
obstetrician, 1651-1724]. The oblique pelvic dia-
meter. D.'s pelvis, a simple, nonrhachitic pelvis,
flattened from before backward.

Devergie's attitude (de-ver-zhe') [Marie Guillaume
Alphonse Devergie, French physician, 1 798-1 879]-
A posture of a dead body marked by flexions of the
elbows and knees, with closure of the fingers and
extension of the ankles. D.'s disease, lichen ruber.

deviation (de-ve-a'-shun) [deviare, to deviate].
Turning from a regular course, standard, or position.
c, conjugate, the forced and persistent turning of
eyes and head toward one side, observed with some
lesions of the cerebrum, d. of complement, see under
complement, d., primary, the deviation of the
weaker eye from that position that would make its
visual line pass through the object-point of the
healthy eye. d., secondary, the deviation of the
healthy eye from that position that would make its
visual line pass through the object-point of the weaker
eye. d. of teeth, a faulty direction or position of
one or more teeth.

deviometer (de-ve-om'-et-er). A variety of strabis-
mometer.

devisceration (de-vis-er-a'-shun). See evisceration.

devitalize (de-vi'-tal-iz) [de, from; vita, Ufe]. To
destroy vitality.

devitrifaction, devitrification (de-vit-re-fak'-shun,
de-vit-re-fi-ka'-shun) [de, priv.; vitrum, glass; facer e,
to make]. To change from the glass-like state.

devolution (dev-o-lu' -shun) [devolvere, to roll down].
1. The reverse of evolution; involution. 2. Cata-
bolism. 3- Degeneration.

Devonshire colic (dev'-on-shir). Lead-colic.

DEVORATIVE

287

DIABETIC

devorative (de-vor'-at-iv) [devorare, to swallow
down]. Intended to be swallowed without chewing.

Dew's method of artificial respiration (du). The
infant is grasped in the left hand, allowing the
neck to rest between the thumb and forefinger, the
head falling far over backward. The upper portion
of the back and the scapula? rest in the palm of the
hand, the other three fingers being inserted in the
babe's left axilla, raising the arm upward and out-
ward. The right hand grasps the knees, and the
lower portion of the body is depressed to favor
inspiration. The movement is reversed to favor
expiration, the head, shoulders, and chest being
brought forward and the thighs pressed upon the
abdomen.

dew-cure (du'-kur). See Kneippism.

Dewees' carminative (du-e.z') [William Potts
Dewees, American obstetrician, 1768-1841]. See
under asafetida.

dewlap {.du'-lap). A longitudinal fold of skin
under the neck of bovine animals.

dew-point. The temperature at which the air is
saturated with vapor; the temperature at which
dew forms.

dexiocardia (deks-e-o-kar'-de-ah) [8e£i6s, on the
right; KapSia, the heart]. Transposition of the
heart to the right side of the thorax.

dexter (deks'-ter) [L.]. Right; upon the right side.

dextrad {deks'-trad) [dexter; ad, to]. Toward the
right side.

dextral (deks'-tral). 1. Pertaining to the right
side. 2. Showing preference for the right eye, hand,
foot, etc., in certain acts or functions.

dextrality (deks-tral'-it-e) [dexter]. The condition
of turning toward, being on, or pertaining to the
right side.

dextran (deks'-tran) [dexter], CeHioOg. A stringy,
gummy substance formed in milk by the action
of bacteria, and also occurring in unripe beet-
root.

dextraural (deks-iraw'-ral) [dexter; auris, the ear].
Right-eared.

dextren (deks'-tren) [dexter, right]. Belonging to
the dextral side in itself.

dextrin (deks'-trin) [dexter], CeHioOs. A soluble
carbohydrate into which starch is converted by
diastase or dilute acids. It is a whitish substance,
turning the plane of polarization to the right, d.,
animal, glycogen.

dextrinase (deks'-trin-as) . A ferment which
converts starch into isomaltose.

dextrinate {deks'-triu-at). To change into dextrin.

dextrinuria {deks-trin-u'-re-alri) [dextrin; olpov,
urine]. The presence of dextrin in the urine.

dextro- (deks-tro-) [dexter], A prefix meaning
right.

dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar'-de-ah) [dextro-; KapSia,
heart]. Transposition of the heart to the right side
of the thorax.

dextrocardia! {deks-tro-kar'-de-al) [see dextrocardia].
Having the heart to the right of the median line.

dextrocerebral (deks-tro-ser'-e-bral) [dextro-; cere-
brum, the brain]. 1. Located in the right cerebral
hemisphere. 2. Functionating preferentially with
the right side of the brain.

dextrococaine (deks-tro-ko'-kah-en). An artificial
alkaloid obtained by heating ecgonine or its derivative
with strong alkali. It is a local anesthetic and
stimulant, in action similar to cocaine, but more
rapid, irritating, and fugitive. Syn., isococaine.

dextrocompound (deks-tro-com' -pound). In chem-
istry, a compound body that causes a ray of polarized
light to rotate to the right, a dextrorotatory com-
pound.

dextrocular (deks-trok'-u-lar) [dextro-; oculus, the
eye]. Right-eyed.

dextrocularity (deks-trok-u-lar'-it-e). The condi-
tion of being right-eyed.

dextroduction (deks-tro-duk'-shun) [dexter, right;
ducere, to draw]. Movement of the visual axis
toward the right.

dextroform (deks'-iro-form). A combination of
formaldehyde and dextrin, soluble in water and
glycerol. It is used internally in suppurating cystitis
and in the treatment of gonorrhea in applications of
10 to 20 % solutions.

dextroglucose (deks-lro-glu'-kos). See dextrose.

dextrogyrate (deks-tro-ji'-rdt). Same as dextro-
rotatory.

dextrogyre (deks-tro-jir') [dextro-; gyrare, to turn

around]. A substance producing rotation to the
right.

dextromanual (deks-tro-man'-u-al) [dextro-; manus,
hand]. Right-handed.

dextromanuality (deks-tro-man-u-al'-it-e). The con-
dition of being right-handed.

dextromenthol (deks-tro-men'-thol). Menthol oxi-
dized by chromic acid.

dextropedal (deks-trop'-ed-al) [dextro-; pes, foot].
Right-footed.

dextropedality (deks-trop-ed-al'-it-e). The con-
dition of being right-footed.

dextrophoria (deks-tro-fo'-re-ah) [dextro-; <£6pos,
tending]. A tending of the visual lines to the right.

dextrorotatory {deks-tro-ro'-tat-o-re) [dextro-; rotare,
to whirl]. Turning the rays of light to the right.

dextrosaccharin {deks-tro-sak' -ar-in) . A mixture
of saccharin and dextrose 1 : 2000.

dextrose (deks'-tros) [dexter], C6H12O6. Grape-
sugar; a sugar belonging to the glucose group,
that rotates polarized light to the right. See glucose.

dextrosinistral (deks-tro-sin-is'-tral) [dextro-; sin-
ister, left]. Extending from right to left.

dextrosuria (deks-tros-u'-re-ah) [dextrose; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of dextrose in the urine. Cf.
levulosuria; pentosuria.

dextrotorsion (deks-lro-tor'-shun) [dextro-; torquere,
to twist]. A twisting to the right.

dextroversion (deks-tro-ver'-zhun) [dextro-; vertere,
to turn]. Version to the right side.

dezymotize (de-zi'-mo-tlz) [de, priv.; fu/«7. leaven].
To free from ferments or germs.

dhatureas (dah-tu'-re-as). Professional poisoners
of India who employ the Datura fastulosa.

dhobie itch (do'-be). A Hindu name for ringworm
of the body. 2. A popular term in the tropics, to
indicate any skin disease transmitted by the clothing.

dhooley {doo'-le). A covered stretcher used in
India.

dhurrin (dur'-in). A glucoside derived from
dhurra and occurring in young plants f Sorghum
vulgar e (dhurra or Guinea corn]).

D. Hy. Abbreviation for Doctor of Hygiene.

di- [dls, twice]. A prefix signifying two or twice.

diabete bronze (de-a-bat '-bron-za') [Fr.]. Same
as bronzed diabetes.

diabetes (di-ab-e'-te ) [Sia/S^s; 5id, through;
fiaiveiv, to go]. A disease characterized by the
habitual discharge of an excessive quantity of urine;
used without qualification, the word indicates
diabetes mellitus. Syn., diarrhaa urinosa. See
Unschuld's sign, d., alimentary, that due to defec-
tive assimilative power over the carbohydrates
of food, d., alternating, a form of diabetes mellitus
alternating with gout, d., artificial, that form pro-
duced in the physiological laboratory by puncturing
the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, d.,
azoturic, diabetes without glycosuria accompanied
by increase of urea in the urine, d., bili ry. See
biliary diabetes, d., bronzed, diabetes in association
with hemochromatosis, q. v. d., composite, that :n
which sugar and oxybutyric acid and its derivatives
are discharged in the urine, d., conjugal. See
conjugal diabetes, d. decipiens, diabetes mellitus
in which there is no polyuria or polydipsia, d.,
gouty, a form of glycosuria occurring in gouty in i-
viduals. d., hydruric, polyuria in which the water
in the urine is in excess without increase in the solid
constituents of the urine, d. inositus, diabetes
mellitus in which inosit takes the place of grape-
sugar, d. insipidus, a chronic disease characterized
by the passage of a large quantity of normal urine
of low specific gravity, associated with intense thirst.
d. mellitus, a nutritional disease characterized by
the passage of a large quantity of urine containing
sugar; there is intense thirst, with voracious appetite,
progressive loss of flesh and strength, and a tendency
to a fatal termination, d., neurogenic, that due to
disorder of the nervous system, d., pancreatic, a
variety of glycosuria associated with and probably
dependent upon disease of the pancreas, d., phlorid-
zin, that form produced in animals by the adminis-
tration of phloridzin. d., phosphatic, a condition
characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, emaciation,
and excessive excretion of phosphates in the urine.
d., puncture. See d., artificial, d., renal, a form
due to abnormal permeability of the kidneys to sugar.

diabetic (di-ab-et'-ik) [diabetes]. 1. Pertaining to
diabetes. 2. A person suffering from diabetes.
d. cataract, an opacity of the crystalline lens some-

DIABETICO

288

DIAMETER

times found in association with diabetes, d. center.
See center, d. coma, the coma caused by diabetes
mellitus. d. gangrene, a moist gangrene sometimes
occurring in persons suffering from diabetes, d.
puncture, puncture of the diabetic center, which is
followed by glycosuria, d. sugar, C6H12O6, the
glucose present in the urine in diabetes mellitus. It
is identical with grape-sugar, d. tabes, a peripheral
neuritis occurring in diabetic patients, and causing
symptoms resembling tabes dorsalis. d. urine, urine
containing sugar.

diabetico (di-ab-et'-ik-o). A beverage recom-
mended in diabetes, said to consist of alcohol, 8.25 %;
extractive, 3.27 %', glycerol, 0.82 %; saccharine,
0.023%; sulphuric acid, 0.036%; tartaric acid,
0.56 %; phosphoric acid, 0.025 %.

diabetide (di-ab-e'-ted) [diabetes]. A cutaneous
manifestation of diabetes.

diabetin {di-ab-e' -tin) [diabetes]. A trade name for
levulose.

diabetogenic, diabetogenous (di-ab-et-o-jen'-ik, di-
ab-et-oj'-en-us) [diabetes; yewav, to produce]. Caus-
ing diabetes.

diabetrogaph (di-ab-et'-o-graf) [diabetes; ypiufreiv,
to write]. An instrument which registers the
amount of glucose present in the urine which is
dropped into it in boiling FehMng's solution.

diabetometer (di-ab-e-tom'-et-er) [diabetes; n'erpov,
a measure]. A polariscope for ascertaining the
proportion of sugar in diabetic urine.

diaboleptic (di-ab-o-lep'-tik) [5i<40oXos, devil;
\an0aveiv, to seize]. An insane or deluded person
who professes to have supernatural communica-
tions.

diabrosis {di-ab-ro'-sis) [see diabrotic]. Corrosion;
erosion, or ulceration.

diabrotic (di-ab-rot'-ik) [5ta0pom/c6s; 5ta, through;
/3t/3pwo-*c€U', to eat]. 1. Corrosive. 2. A corrosive
substance. _

diacaustic (di-ak-aws'-tik) [Si&, through; jcauffrucos,
caustic]. 1. A double convex cauterizing lens. 2.
Exceedingly caustic.

diacele, diaccele (di'-as-el) [Si a, between; KoLKri, a
hollow]. The third ventricle of the brain.

diacetanilide (di-as-et-an'-il-id), CeHsN^HaO^.
A compound of acetanilide and glacial acetic acid
closely resembling, but stronger in physiological
action than, acetanilide.

diacetate (di-as'-et-at). A salt of diacetic acid.

diacetemia (di-as-e-te'-me-ah) [diacetic acid; alfia,
blood]. Acidosis due to the presence of diacetic
acid in the blood.

diacetic acid (di-as-e'-tik). See acid, diacetic.

diacetin (di-as'-et-in) CsHsCOH) (C2H302)2. A
liquid derivative of glycerin, with a bitter taste.
It is also called acetidin.

diacetonuria (di-as-et-on-u'-re-ah). See diaceturia.

diaceturia (di-as-et-u'-re-ah) [di, two; acetum,
vinegar; ovpov, urine]. The presence of diacetic
acid in the urine.

diachorema (di-ak-o-re'-mah) [Siax&pijpa, excre-
ment]. Fecal matter; excrement.

diachoresis (di-ak-o-re'-sis) [5iaxo>pr)<ns, a passing
through]. Excretion or passage of feces.

diachoretic (di-ak-o-ret'-ik) [diachoresis]. Laxa-
tive; aperient.

diachylon {di-ak' -il-on) [5i&, through; x«^°s. juice].
Lead-plaster. See plumbi oxidum under plumbum.

diacid {di-as'-id) [di, two; acidus, acid]. Having
two atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base.

diaclasia, diaclasis {di-ak-la'-ze-ah, di-ak' -la-sis)
[SiaK\affis, a breaking in two]. 1. Refraction. 2.
Breaking a bone, intentionally.

diaclast {di'-ak-last) [8iaK\ai>, to break apart].
An instrument for breaking the fetal head.

diaclastic (di-ak-las'-tik). Pertaining to diaclasis.

diacoele, diaccelia {di'-as-el, di-as-e' -le-aln) . See
diacele.

diacope {di-ak' -o-pe) [5id, through; kowt), a cut].
A deep, incised wound, especially of the head or
skull; a lengthwise fracture or cut, as of a bone.

diacoustics {di-ak-oos'-tiks) [5i&, through; 6.kovuv,
to hear]. The department of physics which treats
of the refraction of sound. Syn., diaphon.

diacrisiography (di-ak-riz-e-og'-ra-fe). An anatomic
description of the secretory organs.

diacrisis {di-ak' -ris-is) [81&, a part; Kplveiv, to
separate or secrete; pi., diacrises], 1. A critical
discharge. 2. A change or disorder in a secretion.
3. Any disease marked by altered secretions, d.,

follicular, an alteration of the secretion of follicular
glands, due to disease.

diacritic, diacritical {di-ak-ril'-ik, di-ak-rit' -ik-al) .
Diagnostic, distinctive.

diactinic {di-ak-tin'-ik). Capable of transmitting
actinic rays.

diad {di'-ad) [di, two]. 1. Having a quantivalence
of two. 2. An element or radical having a quanti-
valence of two. 3. A unit made up of primary units
which are differentiated into parts, but yet constitute
an individual; e. g., a morula.

diaderm {di'-a-derm) [U%, two; bkpp.a, skin].
The two plates or lamina of the two primitive germ-
layers, the ectoderm and entoderm taken as one.

diadexis {di-ad-ek'-sis) [5ia5e£«, metastasis].
Metastasis of a disease, with a change of its character;
change in the seat and nature, of a disease.

diadokokinesia (di-ah-dok-o-kin-e'-se-ah) [SiaSo/cos,
succeeding; kIvt)<tis, motion]. The normal power
of performing alternating movements in rapid
succession, e. g., pronation and supination.

diagnose (di'-ag-noz) [diagnosis]. To make a
diagnosis of; to recognize.

diagnosis (di-ag-no'-sis) [5id, apart; yvcbtns,
knowledge]. The determination of the nature of a
disease, d., anatomical. 1. A diagnosis based
upon the recognition of definite anatomical alterations
lying back of the phenomena. 2. A postmortem
diagnosis, d., differential, the distinguishing be-
tween two diseases of similar character by comparing
their symptoms, d. by exclusion, the recognition
of a disease by excluding all other known conditions.
d., pathological, the diagnosis of the structural
lesions present in a disease, d., physical, the deter-
mination of disease by inspection, palpation, percus-
sion, or auscultation, d., topographical, that based
upon the seat of a lesion.

diagnostic {di-ag-nos'-tik) [diagnosis]. Serving as
evidence in diagnosis.

diagnosticate {di-ag-nos'-tik-at) [diagnosis]. To
make a diagnosis.

diagnostician {di-ag-nos-tish'-an) [diagnosis]. One
skilled in making diagnoses.

diagnostics (di-ag-nos'-tiks) [diagnosis]. The sci-
ence and art of diagnosis.

diagnostitial {di-ag-nos-tish'-al). Procedure having
a diagnostic purpose.

diagometer {di-ag-om'-et-er) . An electroscope for
determining the relative conductivity of bodies.

diagraph (di'-ag-raf) [5i&, through; ypiupeiv, to
record]. An apparatus for recording the outlines of
a part.

diahydric (di-ah-hi'-drik) [Sid, through; vSwp,
water]. Relating to transmission through water,
as a percussion-note through a stratum of interposed
fluid.

dialysate {di-al'-is-at). A product taken from a
solution by dialysis.

dialysis {di-al'-is-is) [5ia, through; \ieiv, to loose].
1. The separation of parts in general. 2. A loss of
strength; dissolution. 3. The separation of several
substances from one another in solution by taking
advantage of their differing diffusibility through
porous membranes. Those that pass through readily
are termed crystalloids, those that do not, colloids.

dialytic {di-al-it'-ik) [dialysis]. 1. Pertaining to
or similar to the process of dialysis. 2. Producing
relaxation (said of a remedy). 3. A condition of
divergent change or evolution.

dialyzable (di-al-i'-za-bl). Capable of being separ-
ated by diffusion.

dialyzed {di'-al-izd) [dialysis]. Separated by
dialysis, d. raw meat, a reddish fluid with a slightly
acid or bitter taste, prepared from fresh beef or
mutton to which are added 200 Gm. of water, 5
Gm. of hydrochloric acid, and 2 Gm. of pepsin; the
whole is boiled at 380 C. for 5 or 6 hours.

dialyzer {di'-al-i-zer) [dialysis]. An apparatus for
effecting dialysis; also the porous septum or dia-
phragm of such an apparatus.

diamagnetic {di-ah-mag-net'-ik) [Si&, across; mag-
net]. Taking a position at right angles to the lines
of magnetic force, d. bodies, bodies not susceptible
of being magnetized.

diameter {di-am'-et-er) [81&, through; pkrpov, a
measure]. A straight line joining opposite points of a
body or figure and passing through its center, d.,
craniometric, one of several lines connecting points
on opposite surfaces of the cranium, biparietal,
that joining the parietal eminences; bitemporal, that

DIAMETRIC

289

DIAPLASTIC

joining the extremities of the coronal suture; occi-
pitofrontal, that joining the root of the nose and the
most prominent point of the occiput; occipitomental,
that joining the external occipital protuberance and
the chin; trachelobregmatic, that joining the center of
the anterior fontanel and the junction of the neck
and floor of the mouth, d., pelvic, any one of the
diameters of the pelvis. The most important are
the following: anteroposterior (of pelvic inlet), that
which joins the sacrovertebral angle and the pubic
symphysis; anteroposterior (of pelvic outlet), that
which joins the tip of the coccyx with the subpubic
ligament; conjugate, the anteroposterior diameter of
the pelvic inlet; conjugate, diagonal, that connecting
the sacrovertebral angle and subpubic ligament;
conjugate, external, that connecting the depression
above the spine of the first sacral vertebra and the
middle of the upper border of the symphysis pubis;
conjugate, true, that connecting the sacrovertebral
angle and the most prominent portion of the posterior
aspect of the symphysis pubis; transverse (of pelvic
inlet) , that connecting the two most widely separated
points of the pelvic inlet; transverse (of pelvic outlet),
that connecting the ischial tuberosities.

diametric (di-am-et'-rik). i. Of, pertaining to, or
coinciding with a diameter — extremely opposed.
d. pupil, one which constitutes a vertical slit, as is
the case after two iridectomies, one upward and the
other downward.

diamide (di'-am-id) [di, two; amide]. A double
amide formed by replacing hydrogen in two ammonia
molecules by an acid radical. See hydrazin.

diamine (di'-am-in) [di, two; amine]. An amine
formed by replacing hydrogen in two molecules of
ammonia by a hydrocarbon radical. See amine.

diaminodlhydroxyarsenodibenzene (di-am-i' -no-di-
hi-drok' ' -se-di-ar-se' ' -no-di-ben-zen) NH2 . OH . C6H3 .-
As = As . CeHs . OH . NH2. The correct name for
arsenobenzol or "606."

diaminuria (di-am-in-u'-re-ah) [diamine; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of diamine compounds in the
urine.

diamotosis (di-am-o-to'-sis) [Sid, through; hotos,
lint]. The packing of a wound or sore with lint.

diapason (di-ap-as'-on) [5iaira<ru>v, concord]. A
tuning fork used to determine deafness, and in the
diagnosis of ear diseases.

diapedesis (di-ah-ped-e'-sis) [5td, through; irr)8av,
to leap]. The passage of the blood or of its formed
elements, particularly the red corpuscles, through the
unruptured vessel-walls.

diapedetic (di-ap-ed-et'-ik). Relating to diapedesis.

diaphane (di'-af-an) [Sia, through; Qalveiv, to
show]. 1. A transparent investing membrane of
an organ or cell. 2. A small electric lamp used in
transillumination.

diaphaneity (di-af-an-e'-it-e). Transparency.

diaphanometer (di-af-an-om'-et-er). An instru-
ment for observing the transparency of fluids. See
also lactoscope.

diaphanoscope (di-af-an'-o-skop) [bia^av-qs, trans-
lucent; ffKoirelv, to inspect]. An instrument for
illuminating the interior of a body-cavity so as to
render the boundaries of the cavity visible from the
exterior.

diaphanoscopy {di-af-an-os'-ko-pe) [see diaphano-
scope]. Examination of body-cavities by means of
an introduced incandescent electric light.

diaphanous (di-af'-an-us) [Sid, through; <paLveiv,
to shine]. Transmitting light; translucent, d. test
of death, the normal red color of the finger-tips when
held toward the light is not present in death.

diaphemetric (di-af-em-et'-rik) [5td, through; iufrii,
touch; fierpov, measure]. Pertaining to measure-
ments of tactile sensibility. .

diaphoresis (di-ah-for-e'-sis) [Sid, through; <f>tpelv,
to carry]. Perspiration, especially perceptible per-
spiration.

diaphoretic (di-ah-for-et'-ik) [diaphoresis]. 1. Caus-
ing an increase of perspiration. 2. A medicine that
induces diaphoresis.

diaphotoscope {di-ah-fo' -to-skop) [Sid, through;
0ws, light; <TKoireZi>, to inspect]. A variety of endoscope.

diaphragm (di'-af-ram) [5id, across; <ppayna, wall].
1. The wall, muscular at the circumference and
tendinous at the center, that separates the thorax
and abdomen. The chief muscle of respiration and
expulsion. See muscles, table of. 2. A thin septum
such as is used in dialysis. 3. In microscopy, an
apparatus placed between the mirror and object to
11

regulate the amount of light that is to pass through
the object, d., central stop, in microscopy, a dia-
phragm having a circular slit just within its margin
the center remaining opaque, d., condensing, a
diaphragm containing lenses for converging the light-
rays. Cf. Abbe's condenser,, d., cylindrical, in micro-
scopy, a piece of substage apparatus fitted with
perforated stops, each allowing a different amount of
light to pass, d., graduating, one which allows a
concentric increase or diminution of light. See d.,
iris, d., inferior, the vertical part of the diaphragm.
Syn., musculus diaphragmaticus minor, d. iris, a
device for changing or regulating the amount of light
directed upon an object under the microscope, d.
opening. The opening in the disc or apparatus of a
microscope through which the rays of light pass.
d., pelvic. 1. See levator ani, in table of muscles.
2. The levatores ani and the coccygei muscles com-
bined; also called perineal, and rectal diaphragm.
d., perineal. See d., pelvic, d.-phenomenon. See
diaphragmatic phenomenon, d., plate, the ordinary
perforated plate or simple shutter diaphragm, d.,
rectal. See d., pelvic, d., superior, the horizontal
part of the diaphragm. Syn., musculus diaphrag-
maticus major, d., thoracoabdominal, that separat-
ing the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

diaphragma (di-ah-frag'-mah) [L.]. 1. See dia-
phragm. 2. The velum of the hydromedusce. d. auris.
See membrane, tympanic, d. cerebri. See septum
lucidum. d. hypophyseos. See d. sella., d. narium,
the septum of the nose. d. oris, the mylohyoid
muscle. d. pelvicum, d. pelvis. See diaphragm,
pelvic, d. pharyngis. See velum pendulum palati.
d. sella?, a shelf -like process at the base of the skull
given off by the dura and forming a roof for the
pituitary fossa; it is perforated for the passage of the
infundibulum. Syn., d. hypophyseos. d. urogenitale,
the inferior layer of the deep perineal fascia. d.
ventriculorum lateralium. See septum lucidum.

diaphragmalgia {di-af-rag-maV -je-ah) [diaphragm;
a\yos, pain]. Pain in the diaphragm.

diaphragmatalgia {di-af-rag-mat-aV -je-ah) [dia-
phragm; aXyos, pain]. Pain in or neuralgia of the
diaphragm. See diaphragmodynia.

diaphragmatic (di-ah-frag-mat'-ik) [diaphragm].
Relating to the diaphragm, d. phenomenon,
Lit ten's sign: in a state of health there can be seen a
shadow rising and falling from the vertebral column
to the attachment of the diaphragm from the seventh
rib to the convexity; this movement can be seen
through the thoracic walls, and shows the intensity
of respiration and the limit of the diaphragm be-
tween its position on inspiration and that on expira-
tion. The upper position corresponds to the liver-
margin in the state of rest. Deviations of the extent
of movement mark certain pathological states.

diaphragmatitis (di-af-rag-mat-i'-tis) [diaphragm;
itvs, inflammation]. Inflammation of the diaphragm.

diaphragmatocele (di-ah-frag-mat'-o-sel) [dia-
phragm; (07X77, hernia]. Hernia of a viscus through
the diaphragm.

diaphragmitis (di-af-rag-mi'-tis). See diaphrag-
matitis.

diaphragmodynia {di-af-rag-mo-din'-e-ah) [dia-
phragm; odwrj, pain]. Pain in the diaphragm.

diaphtherin {di-af -ther-in) [5ia<f>deLpeLv, to de-
stroy]. Oxyquinaseptol; a coal-tar derivative com-
posed of two molecules of oxyquinolin and one of
aseptol. It is a yellow powder, with a phenol-like
odor, and is used as an antiseptic in solutions varying
in strength from 1 to 50 %.

diaphtol (di-af'-tol), C9H7O4SN. Orthooxyquinolin-
metasulphonic acid. It is used in internal disinfec-
tion of the urinary tract in place of salol. Syn.,
chinaseptol; quinaseptol.

diaphylactic (di-af-il-ak'-tik) [8t.a4>v\aKTiK6s, pre-
serving]. Same as prophylactic.

diaphysis (di-af -is-is) [5id, through; tpveodai, to
grow]. 1. The shaft of a long bone. 2. An inter-
space. 3. A prominent part of a bony process.
4. A ligament of the knee-joint.

diaphysitis (di-af -iz-i'-tis) [diaphysis; it«, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of a diaphysis.

diaplasis (di-ap' -las-is) [5idxXa<ns, the setting
of a broken limb]. Reduction, as of a dislocation or
fracture.

diaplastic (di-ah-plas'-tik) [diaplasis]. 1. Relating
to the setting of a fracture or reduction of a dis-
location. 2. Any application for a fracture or
dislocation.

DIAPLEX

290

DIASTEMATORRHACHIA

diaplex, diaplexus (di'-ap-leks, di-ap-leks'-us) [Sia,
between; plexus, a network]. The choroid plexus
of the third ventricle or diacele.

diapophysial (di-ap-off-iz'-e-al) [Sia, apart; &ir6-
<j>vais, an outgrowth]. Relating to a diapophysis.

diapophysis (di-ap-off'-is-is) [Sid, apart; &ir6<f>v<ns,
an outgrowth]. The superior or articular part of a
transverse process of a vertebra.

diapyema (di-ap-i-e'-mah) [Sid, through; -kvov, pus:
pi., diapyemata]. An abscess.

diapyesis (di-ap-i-e'-sis) [Sid, through; irirqavs, sup-
puration]. Suppuration.

diapyetic (di-ap-i-et'-ik) [diapyesis], i. Promoting
diapyesis or suppuration. 2. A suppurative.

diarius (di-a'-re-us) [dies, a day]. Enduring but a
single day.

diarrhea, diarrhoea (di-ar-e'-ah) [Sid, through; pelv,
to flow]. A condition characterized by increased
frequency and lessened consistence of the fecal
evacuations, d., atonic. See d., camp, and d.,
chronic, d., atrophic. See d., colliquative, d.,
camp, a form of diarrhea common among soldiers.
The discharges are apt to be purulent, and there
is liability to thickening and ulceration of the colon.
Syn., atonic diarrhea, diarrhoea carnosa, dysentery
in which flesh-like masses are passed, d., catarrhal.
1. A form which is often epidemic at times when
catarrhs are prevalent. 2. That of catarrhal
gastritis or enteritis. Syn., diarrhoea acuta serosa
■mucosa; diarrhoea pituitosa; mucous colitis; phleg-
matic diarrhea; rheumatic diarrhea, d., choleraic,
severe, acute diarrhea with serous stools, and accom-
panied by vomiting and collapse, d., chronic, that
characterized by continuous and intractable dis-
charges, often offensive, bloody, or containing un-
digested food. It occurs as a manifestation of an
intestinal lesion or of a constitutional disease. Syn.,
atonic diarrhea; diarrhoea habitualis; mucous colitis.
d., colliquative, that characterized by excessively
frequent and copious discharges and extreme pros-
tration, and occurring, as a rule, toward the close
of a chronic disease. Syn., atrophic diarrhea, d.,
crapulous, that due to excessive eating or drinking.
d., critical, that occurring at the crisis of a disease.
d., feculent. See d., simple, d., green, a form oc-
curring in infants and marked by green alvine dis-
charges. It is infectious and due to the bacillus of
Lesage, or Bacillus fluorescens nonliquefaciens. d.,
inflammatory, that caused by congestion of the
intestinal mucosa following sudden chilling of the
body-surface, suppression of perspiration or men-
struation. It frequently constitutes the socalled
cholera infantum and sthenic diarrhea, d., lienteric,
a form of diarrhea characterized by the passage of
fluid stools containing masses of undigested food.
d., membranous, a form characterized by the presence
of mucous shreds in the stools. It may be chronic
or subacute, and alternate with constipation. Hys-
terical symptoms, griping, and abdominal tenderness
are often present. Syn., tubular diarrhea, d.,
mucous. See colitis, mucous, d., pancreatic, a
persistent form in which the discharges are thin and
viscid. It is supposed to depend upon disease of the
pancreas, d., parasitic, a diarrhea incited by the
presence of intestinal parasites. Cf. diarrhoea
verminosa. diarrhoea pituitosa. See d., catarrhal.
d., simple, that form in which the evacuations con-
sist of fecal matter only. Syn., diarrhoea fusa; diar-
rhoea stercoralis; diarrhoea vulgaris; feculent diarrhea;
saburral diarrhea, diarrhoea stercoralis, d. stercorea,
d. stercorosa. See d., simple, d., sthenic. See d.,
inflammatory, d., strumous, a chronic form fre-
quently met in underfed, strumous children, d.,
summer, an acute form occurring during the intense
heat of summer, d., summer, of children, that due
to bacillus dysenterioe, Shiga, and etiologically identi-
cal with acute bacillary dysentery of adults, d.,
tubular. See d., membranous, diarrhoea urinosa.
See diabetes, diarrhoea verminosa, that due to
intestinal worms. Cf. d., parasitic, d., zymotic.
Synonym of dysentery.

diarrheal (di-ar-e'-al). Relating to, or of the na-
ture of diarrhea.

diarrhemia, diarrhaemia {di-ar-e'-me-ah) [Sid,
through; fieZv, to flow; alfia, blood]. See ascites,
sanguineous.

diar thro dial {di-ar-thro'-de-al) [see diarthrosis].
Relating to or of the nature of a diarthrosis.

diarthrosis {di-ar -thro' -sis) [Sid, through; dp0pco<ns,
articulation]. A freely movable articulation. The

various forms are: arthrodia, in which the bones glide
upon plane surfaces; enarthrosis, ball-and-socket
joint, with motion in all directions; ginglymus, or
hinge-joint, with backward and forward motion;
and d. rotatoria, with pivotal movement. Syn.,
per articulation; prosarthrosis. d. ambigua. See am-
phiarthrosis. d. obliqua, an inconstant articulation
between the spinous processes of adjacent lumbar
vertebrae, d. obliqua accessoria, a double articu-
lation sometimes formed by the spinous processes
of adjacent dorsal or lumbar vertebrae near the basal
ends of the processes, d., planiform, arthrodia.
d., rotatory, d., synarthrodia!, d., trochoid, d. troch-
oides. See cyclarthrosis.

diarthrotic (di-ar-throt'-ik). See diarthrodial.

diaschisis (di-as'-kis-is) [8ia.axl$eiv, to split].
An inhibition of functional continuity between
different parts of the nervous system.

diasostic (di-as-os'-tik) [biacw^tiv, to preserve].
Pertaining to hygiene or the preservation of health;
hygienic ; diateretic .

diaspirin (di-as'-pir-in). The succinic acid ester
of salicylic acid. It is used as aspirin, but is more
diaphoretic. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.).

diastalsis (di-as-tal'-sis). A term suggested by
Cannon for the downward moving wave of contrac-
tion, preceded by a wave of inhibition, occurring in
the small intestine during digestion.

diastaltic (di-as-tal'-tik) [Sid, apart; arkWeiv, to
send]. Reflex; performed (as are many reflex
actions) through the medium of the spinal cord.

diastase (di'-as-tas) [see diastasis]. A nitrogenous
vegetable ferment found in malt; it converts starch
into glucose, d., animal, a general term for the
amylolytic enzymes of animals, ptyalin, amylopsin,
and the special enzyme of the liver capable of con-
verting glycogen into sugar, d., pancreatic, amy-
lopsin. d., salivary, ptyalin. d., vegetable, the
enzyme of germinating seeds; diastase proper.

diastasemia (di-as-tas-e'-me-ah) [81a, apart; arao-ts,
settling; af/xa, blood]. Acute anasarca.

diastasic, diastatic -{di-as-tas'-ik, di-as-tat'-ik)
[diastase]. 1. Pertaining to diastase. 2. Pertaining
to diastasis, d. action, the conversion of starch into
water-soluble substances by diastase.

diastasimetry (di-as-ta-sim'-et-re). The estimation
of the amount of diastase.

diastasis (di-as'-ta-sis) [Siavratris, separation].
1. The separation of an epiphysis from the body of
a bone without true fracture. 2. A dislocation of an
amphiarthrotic joint.

diastema (di-as-te'-ma) [Siaar-qua, a fissure]. A
cleft or fissure.

diastematelytria (di-as-tem-at-el-it'-re-ah) [dias-
tema; iXvrpov, vagina]. Longitudinal and congenital
fissure of the vagina.

diastematenteria (di-as-tem-at-en-te'-re-ah) [dias-
tema; tvrtpov, intestine]. A longitudinal fissure of
the intestine. Syn., diastementeria.

diastematia (di-as-tem-a'-she-ah) [diastema]. An
abnormality in which the body is split or fissured
longitudinally. Syn., diastematocaulia.

diastematochilia (di-as-tem-at-o-kil'-e-ah) [dias-
tema; x*<^°s. lip]- Congenital longitudinal fissure of
the lip; hare-lip.

diastematocrania (di-as-tem-at-o-kra'-ne-ah) [dias-
tema; KpavLov, the skull]. A skull congenitally cleft
along the median line.

diastematocystia (di-as-tem-at-o-sis'-te-ah) [dias-
tema; kwtis, bladder]. Congenital longitudinal
fissure of the bladder.

diastematogastria {di-as-tem-at-o-gas'-tre-ah) [dias-
tema; yaarrip, stomach]. A mesial fissure of the
ventral wall of the body.

diastematoglossia (di-as-tem-at-o-glos'-e-ah) [dias-
tema; y\a]aaa, the tongue], A congenital longi-
tudinal fissure of the tongue.

diastematognathia (di-as-tem-at-og-na'-the-ah) [dias-
tema; yvados, jaw]. Congenital longitudinal fissure
of the jaw.

diastematometria {di-as-tem-at-o-me'-tre-ah) [dias-
tema; nvrpa, womb]. Congenital longitudinal medi-
an fissure of the uterus.

diastematomyelia (di-as-tem-at-o-mi-e'-le-ah) [dias-
tema; nve\6s, marrow]. A congenital splitting or
doubling of the spinal cord.

diastematopyelia {di-as-tem-at-o-pi-e'-le-ah) [dias-
tema; wveXos, a trough]. A mesial fissure of the
pelvis.

diastematorrhachia (di-as-tem-at-o-ra'-ke-ah) [dias-

DIASTEMATORRHINIA

291

DICHLORACETIC

tema; pax*, the spine]. A congenital longitudinal
fissure of the vertebral column.

diastematorrhinia (di-as-tem-at-or-in'-e-ah) [dias-
tema; pis, the nose]. A congenital mesial fissure of
the nose.

diastematostaphylia (di-as-tem-at-o-staf-il'-e-ah) [di-
astema; a-Ta<pv\r], the uvula]. A congenital mesial
fissure of the uvula.

diastematosternia (di-as-tem-at-o-ster'-ne-ah) [dias-
tema; sternum]. Median congenital fissure of the
sternum.

diastementeria {di-as-tem-en-te'-re-ah). See diaste-
matenteria.

diaster (di-as'-ter). The karyokinetic figure as-
sumed by the aster of a dividing nucleus before
the formation of the stars at the ends of the nuclear
spindle. It is the sixth stage of karyokinesis. See
karyokinesis.

diastin (di-as'-tin). Trade name for a form of
diastase.

diastoid (di'-as-toid). Trade name for a dry malt
preparation.

diastol (di'-as-tol). A proprietary malt extract.
diastole (di-as'-to-le) [SiaaTohi), a drawing apart].
The period of dilatation of a chamber of the heart;
used alone it signifies diastole of the ventricles.
d., arterial, the expansion of an artery following the
ventricular systole, d., auricular, the dilatation of the
cardiac auricle, d., cardiac, the period of expansion
which follows a cardiac contraction, d., ventricular,
the dilatation of the cardiac ventricles.

diastolic (di-as-tol'-ik) [diastole]. Pertaining to
the diastole of the heart, d. impulse, the back-
stroke, d. murmur, a murmur occurring during the
diastole, d. thrill, the vibration felt in the region of
the heart during the diastole of the ventricles.

diastrephia (di-as-tref-e-ah) [5id, apart; aTp&peiv,
to turn]. Insanity marked by acts of cruelty and
by gross perversion of the moral sense.

diastrophometry (di-as-tro-fom'-et-re) [Siaarpcxpri,
distortion; p.krpov, a measure]. The measurement of
deformities.

diatactic (di-at-ak'-tik) [SiaraaaeLv, to make
ready]. Preparatory, d. action, the supposed
molecular establishment of unions between different
brain-cells and nerve-centers preparatory to coordi-
nated motor activity.

diatela, diatele (di-at-e'-lah, di'-at-el) [Sia, between;
tela, a web]. The membranous roof of the diacele
(third ventricle).

diateretic (di-at-er-et'-ik) [Siarripeiv, to watch
closely]. Of or pertaining to the practice of hygiene;
diasostic.

diaterma (di-at-er'-mah) [Sia, between; repp-a, end].
A portion of the floor of the diacele. It has a nearly
dorso-ventral direction.

diathermal, diathermanous (di-ath-er'-mal, di-ath-
er' -man-us) [5id, through; depurj, heat]. Permeable
by waves of radiant heat.

diathermometer (di-ah-ther-mom'-et-er) [dia; ther-
mometer]. An appliance for measuring the heat-
conducting capacity of substances.

diathesin (di-ath'-es-in), C7.Hs.O2. A substitute
for salicylic acid, the salicylates, and salicin; its use
is indicated in gouty diatheses. Dose 75-15 gr.
(0.5-1.0 Gm.).

diathesis (di-ath'-es-is) [dia; TiBkvai, to arrange].
A state or condition of the body whereby it is especi-
ally liable to certain diseases, such as gout, calculus,
diabetes, etc. It may be acquired or hereditary.
d., aneurysmal, inherent predisposition to aneurysms.
d., bilious, the morbid condition that follows chronic
disturbance of the portal circulation and imperfect
elimination of bile, d., calculous, a constitutional
tendency to the formation of calculi, d., cancerous.
See cachexia, cancerous, d., catarrhal, a tendency to
excessive secretion of mucus, d., climatic, a morbid
state of body dependent upon local physical condi-
tions, as elevation, soil, water, humidity, etc. d.,
congestive, a constitutional tendency to vasomotor
disturbances and local congestions, d., furuncular.
See furunculosis. d., gouty, d., lithic. See d., uric-
acid, d., hemorrhagic. See hemophilia, d., lithic,
predisposition to lithemia. d., osseous, d., ossific,
a tendency to abnormal development of bony tissues.
d., osteophytic, a constitutional tendency to the
formation of abnormal ankyloses, d., psychopathic,
a hereditary predisposition to mental derangement.
d., rheumatic. See d., uric-acid, d., scorbutic.
See scurvy, d., scrofulous, a hereditary predispo-

sition to scrofulous affections. Syn., strumous di-
athesis, d., strumous. See d., scrofulous, d.,
syphilitic, hereditary syphilis, d., tuberculous,
a constitutional inability to resist tuberculous infec-
tion. Syn., phthisical diathesis, d., uratic, tendency
to gout, d., uric-acid, a constitutional tendency to
the accumulation of uric acid and urates in the
fluids of the body and the development of rheuma-
tism, gout, etc.; the arthritic, gouty, rheumatic, or
lithic diathesis.

diathetic (di-ath-et'-ik) [diathesis]. Relating to a
diathesis.

diatom (di'-at-om). One of the Diatomaceae, a
group of microscopic Alga?.

diatomic {di-at-om'-ik) [Sis, two; arop,os, atom].
1. Consisting of two atoms. 2. Divalent.

diaxon, diaxone (di-aks'-on) [dis; a^wv, axis]
1. In biology, having two axes. 2. A neuron having
two axons.

diazo- (di-az-o-) [dis; azotum, nitrogen]. A prefix,
signifying that a compound contains phenyl, C6H5,
united with a radical consisting of two nitrogen
atoms, d.-reaction, d.-test, a urinary test, valuable
in the diagnosis of enteric fever. The solutions
required are: (a) A saturated solution of sulphanilic
acid in a 5 % solution of hydrochloric acid; (b) a
0.5 % solution of sodium nitrite. Mix a and b in
the proportion of 40 Cc. of a to 1 Cc. of b, and to a
few cubic centimeters add an equal volume of urine,
and, after shaking well, allow a few drops of ammonia
to flow down the side of the tube. A garnet-red color
at the point of contact denotes the reaction, or a rose-
pink foam after shaking.

diazonal (di-az'-o-nal) [Sl&, through; fdbcr;, a zone].
Applied by Fiirbringer to nerve-trunks which lie
across a sclerozone.

diazyme (di'-az-im). Trade name for a diastatic
extract of the pancreatic glands.

dib. The knee-pan or ankle-bone of a sheep's leg.

dibasic (di-ba'-sik) [Sis, two; /3d<m, base]. Of a

salt, containing two atoms of a monobasic element

or radical ; of an acid, having two replaceable hydrogen

atoms.

dibenzyl (di-ben'-zil), CuHu. A compound pre-
pared by the action of sodium upon benzyl chloride.
dibenzylamine (di-ben-zil'-am-in), C14H15N. An
oily liquid having the constitution of ammonia in
which two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two
molecules gf benzyl.

diblastic (di-blas'-tik) [dis, double; /3Xa<rr6r, germ].
Referring to any theory of disease that ascribes it
to a double agency.

diblastula (di-blas'-tu-lah) [Sis, two; blastula].
A blastula containing both ectoderm and entoderm,
diborated (di-bo'-ra-ted). Combined with two
molecules of boric acid.

Dibothrium (di-both'-re-um) [L.]. A genus of
cestode worms. D. latum. See Bothriocephalus
latus.

dibromated (di-bro' -ma-ted) . Containing two atoms
of bromine in the molecule.

dibromethane (di-bro-meth-an') . See ethylene bro-
mide.

dibromide (di-bro' -mid). A compound consisting

of an element or radical and two atoms of bromine.

dicalcic (di-kal'-sik). Containing two atoms of

calcium in each molecule, d. orthophosphate,

Ca2H2(PO02, a salt occurring in urinary deposits.

dicamphendion (di-kam-fen' -de-on) , (CeHuOH A
reaction-product obtained from bromocamphor by
action of metallic sodium; it occurs in flat yellow
needles which melt at 1930 C.

dicamphor (di-kam'-for), (CioHisOH A colorless
crystalline substance, melting at 1660 C, obtained
with dicamphendion (q. v.).

dicentrine (di-sen'-tren). An alkaloid derived
from Dicentra pusilla, a Japanese plant.

dicephalism (di-sef -al-izm) [his, two; Ke<pa\ri,
head]. The condition of having two heads.

dicephalous (di-sef -al-us) [dicephalus]. Two-
headed.

dicephalus (di-sef -al-us) [Sis, two; K€<pa\ri, a
head]. A monster with two heads.

dichastasis (di-kas'-tas-is) [&ixa<ns, division]. In
biology, spontaneous fission.

dichlamydeous (di-klam-id'-e-us) [Sis, two; x^wvs,
a mantle]. In biology, applied to flowers having
both floral envelopes.

dichloracetic acid (di-klor-as-e'-tik). See acid,
dichloracetic.

DICHLORALANTIPYRINE

292

DIETHYL

dichloralantipyrine (di-klo-ral-an-te-pi'-rin). See
antipyrine bichloral.

dichlorethane (di-klor-eth'-an). See ethene chloride.

dichloride (di-klo'-rid). A compound in each
molecule of which two atoms of chlorine are combined
with an element or radical.

dichlormethane (di-klor-meth'-an). See methylene
dichloride.

dichotomy (di-kot'-o-me) [Slxa, in two; renveiv,
to cut], i. The state of being bifid; the phenomenon
of bifurcation. 2. Division into two parts. 3. Divi-
sion of a professional fee; the paying of a commission
by a consultant or surgeon to the practitioner who
refers a case, d., anterior, said of a double monster
united below the upper limbs, d., posterior, said
of a double monster in which the two individuals are
fused above the posterior extremities.

dichroic (di-kro'-ik). Pertaining to dichroism.

dichroism (di'-kro-izm) [Sis, double; xpola, color].
The phenomenon of difference of color in bodies
when viewed by reflected or by transmitted light.

dichromasy (di-kro'-mas-e) [Sis, two; xpw/*«. color].
The condition of a dichromat; inability to distinguish
more than two colors.

dichromat (di'-kro-mat). A person with dichro-
matopsia. Cf. monochromat; trichromat.

dichromatopsia (di-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [dis; xP^P-a,
color; Si/as, sight]. A form of color-blindness in
which there are two sharply limited regions at the
ends of the spectrum, within which there are no
changes of hue, but merely of intensity. All other
parts of the spectrum, the "middle region," can be
produced by mixtures of the two end regions.

dichromic (di-kro'-mik). 1. Marked by two colors.
2. Containing two atoms of chromium.

dichromism (di-kro'-mizm) [di-; xP&Ma. color].
The state of presenting one color when seen by
reflected light, and another when seen by transmitted
light. See also dichromatopsia.

dichromophilism {di-kro-mof-il-izm) [di-; xp«pa,
color; <j>CKtlv, to love]. Capability for double
staining.

dichromous, dichroous, dichrous (di'-kro-mus,
di'-kro-us, di'-krus). Having two colors; relating to
dichroism.

dicinchonine (di-sin'-kon-en) [di-; cinchona], C38H44-
N4O2. An alkaloid of cinchona-bark.

diclidostosis (di-klid-os-to'-sis) [SucXISes, folding
doors; barkov, a bone]. Ossification of the venous
valves. Syn., osteodiclis.

dicranous (di-kra'-nus) [SUpavos, two-headed].
Dicephalous.

dicranus (di-kra'-nus) [Sis, double; Kpavov, head].
A dicephalous monster.

dicrotic (di-krot'-ik) [SUporos, double beating].
Having a double beat. d. pulse. See dicrotism.
d. wave, the recoil-wave of the sphygmographic
tracing, generated by closure of the aortic valves.

dicrotism (di'-kro-tizm) [see dicrotic]. A condition
of the pulse in which with every wave there is given
to the finger of the examiner the sensation of two
beats. It is present when the arterial tension is low.

dictyitis (dik-te-i'-tis) [SLktvov, net, retina].
Retinitis.

dictyopsia (dik-te-op'-se-ah) [SLktvov, net; 6\pts,
view]. The sensation as if a net were stretched
before the eyes.

didactic (di-dak'-tik) [SiSclktikos, apt at teaching].
Teaching by description and theory; opposed to
clinical.

didactylism (di-dak'-til-izm) [Sis, double; So.ktv\os,
a finger]. The condition of having congenitally but
two digits on a hand or foot.

didelphic, didelphous (di-del'-fik, -fus) [Sis, double;
5e\<£us, the uterus]. Having a double uterus.

diduction (di-duk'-shun) [diducere, to draw apart].
Abduction of two parts; the withdrawal of a part.

diductor (di-duk'-tor) [diduction]. A muscle which
in action produces diduction.

didymalgia (did-e-mal'-je-ah) [SlSvpos, testicle;
aX-yos, pain]. Pain in a testicle.

didymin (did'-im-in) [SlSvp.01, the testes]. A dry
preparation made from the testes of the ox. Aphro-
disiac dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). In larger doses it is
hypnotic.

didymitis (did-e-mi'-tis) [Sl8vp.os, a testicle; iris,
inflammation]. Orchitis affecting mainly the body
of the testicle.

didymium (di-dim'-e-um) [SlSvpos, twin]. A sub-
stance formerly thought to be an element, but now

recognized as a mixture of the two elements neo-
dymium and praseodymium.

didymodynia (did-im-o-din'-e-ah) [SiSvpns, testicle;
68i>vr), pain]. Pain in the testicle.

didymous (did'-im-us) [SlSvpos, twin]. Twin,
arranged in a pair, or in pairs.

didymus (did'-im-us) [SlSv^os, twin]. A twin; a
twin-monstrosity; a testicle.

die (di). To cease to live; to become dead.

diechoscope (di-ek'-o-skop) [Sis, twice; ix&, a
sound; tncopfiv, to examine]. A kind of stethoscope
for the simultaneous perception of two different
sounds in two different parts of the body.

diecious (di-e'-shus) [Sis, two; oXkos, house].
In biology, having the two sexes in different indi-
viduals, or in two households as staminate and
pistillate flowers separate and on separate plants.

Diefenbach's operation (de-fen-bakh'). For ampu-
tation at the hip-joint; an elastic ligature is applied
around the limb, a circular incision is made down
to the bone, the vessels are secured, and the liga-
ture removed; a knife is inserted two inches above the
greater trochanter and the incision is carried down the
outer aspect of the bone to meet the circular incision;
the joint is then disarticulated.

dielectric (di-el-ek'-trik) [5 id, through; rjheKTpov,
amber]. Transmitting electricity by induction and
not by conduction, d., pseudo-, any compound
which acts as a dielectric when pure, but as an
electrolyte when mixed with other members of its
own class.

dielectrolysis (di-e-lek-trol'-is-is) [5id, through;
electrolysis]. Galvanic electrolysis of a compound,
the current passing at the same time through a
diseased portion of the body and carrying one of the
elements of the compound with it.

dien (di'-en). A contraction of diencephalon.

diencephal (di-en'-sef-al). Same as diencephalon.

diencephalon (di-en-sef'-al-on) [81a, between;
iyKe<pdXos, brain]. _ That part of the brain between
the prosencephalon and the mesencephalon. It
includes the thalami and the third ventricle. Syn.,
between-brain ; thalamencephalon.

dieresis (di-er'-es-is) [Sialpeais, a division]. A
solution of continuity, as a wound, ulceration, etc.

dieretic (di-er-et'-ik) [dieresis]. Destructive; es-
charotic; corrosive.

dies and counter-dies. Metallic casts obtained
by molding in sand or dipping in molten zinc and
lead, or other alloys, such as Babbitt metal, and
which are used for stamping up dental plates; they
are generally described as male and female castings,
between which the plate is swaged.

diestrous, dicestrous (di-es'-trus). Pertaining to a
type of sexual season in female animals in which
there is a short period of sexual rest.

diestrum, dioestrum (di-es'-trum) [Si&, between;
ola-Tpqs, gad-fly]. Heape's term for the short period
of sexual rest characteristic of some female ani-
mals.

diet (di'-et) [Slaira, a system or mode of living].
The food taken regularly by an individual; the food
adapted to a certain state of the body, as fever-diet,
convalescent-diet, d., Banting's. See Banting cure.
d., bland, one consisting of food that is free from
the ingredients which excite heat, but containing all
the nutrients — protein, carbohydrates, and fat —
necessary for the maintenance of man. d., diabetic,
a diet mostly of meats and green-vegetables, starches
and sugars being excluded, d., fever-, a nutritious,
easily digestible liquid or semiliquid diet, usually
with milk and meat-broths, as a basis, d., gouty,
a diet of simple nutritious food, avoiding wines, fats,
pastries, and much meat, d., Tuffnell's, a highly
nutritious diet, including but a small amount of
liquids, employed in the treatment of aneurysm.

dietarian (di-et-a'-re-an). A physician who pays
special attention to matters of diet.

dietary (di'-et-a-re) [diet]. A system of food-
regulation intended to meet the requirements of the
animal economy.

dietetic (di-et-et'-ik) [diet]. Pertaining to diet.

dietetics (di-et-et'-iks). The science of the syste-
matic regulation of the diet for hygienic or therapeutic
purposes.

diethyl (di-eth'-il), C4H10. A double molecule of
ethyl; in a free state it constitutes normal butane.
d. acetal. See acetal (1). d. acetone, d. ketone,
C2H5C2H5 . CO. A hypnotic liquid used in mania.
Syn., propione. d. glycocoll-guaiacol hydrochlorate,

DIETHYLAMINE

293

DIGITALIN

an antiseptic used in pulmonary tuberculosis, ozena,
etc. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). Syn., gujasanol.

diethylamine (di-eth-iV '-am-in), NC4H11. A non-
poisonous, liquid ptomaine obtained from putrefying
fish.

diethylenediamine. See piperazine.

dietist (di'-et-ist). One who is expert in questions
of diet; a dietarian or dietitian.

dietitian (di-et-ish'-an) [diet]. See dietist.

Dietl's crises (de'-tl) [Joseph Dietl, Austrian
physician, 1804-1878]. Paroxysms of gastric distress
and severe abdominal pain occurring in nephroptosis;
probably dependent on acute hydronephrosis from
twisting of the ureter.

dietotherapy (di-et-o-ther'-ap-e) [diet; Oepaweia,
therapy]. The regulation of diet for therapeutic
purposes.

Dietrich's reaction for uric acid. A red coloration
results from the addition of a solution of sodium
hypochlorite or hypobromite to the uric-acid solution.
The color vanishes on adding caustic alkali.

Dieudonne's medium (de-u-don-a') [Adolph Dieu-
donne, German physician, 1864- ]. An alkaline
medium for bacterial cultures; it is composed of
defibrinated ox blood, solution of potassium hydrox-
ide, and cholera agar.

Dieulafoy's triad (de-ti'-laf-oy) [Georges Dieulafoy,
French physician, 1839-1011]. Muscular contrac-
tion, tenderness, and hyperesthesia of the skin at
McBurney's point in appendicitis.

differential {dif-er-en'-shal) [differentia, difference].
Pertaining to or creating a difference, d. blood-
count, an estimation of the number of different
kinds of leukocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood.
d. diagnosis. See diagnosis, differential, d. stain-
ing, a method of staining tubercle and other bacilli,
founded upon the fact that they retain the color in
the presence of certain reagents that decolorize the
surrounding tissues.

differentiation (dif-er-en-she-a'-shun) [see differ-
ential]. 1. The act or process of distinguishing or
making different. 2. Changing from general to
special characters; specialization.

diffluence (dif'-lu-enz) [difftuere, to flow apart].
The condition of being almost liquefied.

diffraction (dif-rak'-shun) [dis, apart; fr actus,
broken]. The deflection or the separation into its
component parts that takes place in a ray of light
when it passes through a narrow slit or aperture.
d. grating, a strip of glass closely ruled with fine lines;
it is often used in the spectroscope in the place of the
battery of prisms.

diffusate (dif'-u-sat) [diffuse]. The portion of the
liquid which passes through the animal membrane
in dialysis, and holds crystalloid matter in solution.
Dialysate.

diffuse (dif-us') [diffundere, to spread by pouring].
Scattered; not limited to one tissue or spot; opposed
to localized.

diffusibility (dif-u-si-bif -it-e) . Capacity for being
diffused, d. of gases, Dalton's term for that prop-
erty by which two or more gases confined in an in-
closed space expand as if the space were occupied
by one gas alone, the elastic force of the mixture
being equal to the sum of the elastic forces of all the
combined gases.

diffusible (dif-u'-zib-V) [diffuse]. Spreading rap-
idly; capable of passing through a porous membrane;
applied to certain quickly acting stimulants, usually
of transient effect.

diffusiometer (dif-u-ze-om' -et-ur) [diffusion; ukrpov,
a measure]. A device for estimating the diffusibility
of gases.

diffusion (dif-u'-zhun) [diffuse]. 1. A spreading-
out. 2. Dialysis, d.-circle, the imperfect image
formed by incomplete focalization, the position of
the true focus not having been reached by some of
the rays of light or else having been passed, d.
vacuoles. See under vacuoles.

difiuordiphenyl, difiuorodiphenyl (di-flu-or-di-fen'-
il, -o-di-fen'-iF), CeEUFl - CeHiFl ; used as a 10%
dusting-powder or as a 10 % ointment in treating
luetic ulcers, etc.

digalen (dij'-al-en). A soluble preparation of
digitalis, suitable for intravenous administration.
digallic acid (di-gal'-ik). Synonym of tannic acid.
digastric (di-gas'-trik) [Sis, two; yaarr\p, belly].
Having two bellies, as the digastric muscle; see
muscles, table of. 2. Referring to the digastric
muscle, d. groove, a groove on the mastoid process

which serves as the line of origin of the digastric
muscle, d. muscle. See muscles, table of. d. nerve.
See nerves, table of.

digastricus (di-gas' -trik-us) . The digastric muscle.
See muscles, table of.

digenesis (di-jen'-es-is) [Sis, two; ykvtavs, gener-
ation]. In biology, the alternation of sexual and
asexual generation.

digenetic (di-jen-ef-ik) [digenesis]. Relating to
alternate generation.

digenism (di'-jen-izm). 1. See digenesis. 2. The
combined or concurrent action of two causes.

digerent {dij'-er-ent) [digerere, to digest]. A
digestant; also a medicine that excites the secretion
of pus in wounds.

digest (di-jesf) [digerere, to digest]. 1. To make
food capable of absorption and assimilation. 2. In
pharmacy, to macerate in a liquid medium.

digestant (di-jesf -ant) [digest], A substance that
assists digestion of the food.

digester (di-jest'-er) [digest]. An autoclave or
apparatus for destructive distillation.

digestibility (di-jes-tib-if -it-e) [digestibilis, that can
be digested]. Susceptibility of being digested.

digestible {di-jesf -ib-l) [digestibilis, that can be
digested]. Capable of being digested.

digestion (di-jes'-chun) [digest]. Those processes
whereby the food taken into an organism is made
capable of being absorbed and assimilated by the
body-tissues, d., artificial, digestion carried on
outside of the body, d., gastric, digestion by the
action of the gastric juice, d., intestinal, digestion
by the action of the intestinal juices, including the
action of the bile and the pancreatic fluid, d., pan-
creatic, digestion by the action of the pancreatic
juice, d., peptic. See d., gastric, d., primary,
gastrointestinal digestion, d., salivary, digestion
by the saliva, d., secondary, the assimilation by
the body-cells of their appropriate pabulum.

digestive (di-jes'-tiv) [digestion]. 1. Relating to or
favoring digestion. 2. An agent that promotes
digestion, d. tract, the whole alimentary canal
from the mouth to the anus.

digestol (di-jes'-tol). Trade name of a combi-
nation of bismuth subnitrate, pepsin, and salol.

digipoten (dij-ip-o' -ten) . A preparation con-
taining the digitalis glucosides in soluble form. It is
said to be of the same strength as digitalis leaf; its
dosage is also the same.

digipuratum (dij-ip-u-ra'-tum). A proprietary
digitalis preparation.

digistrophan (dij-is-tro'-fan). Trade name of a
preparation of digitalis and strophanthus.

digit (dij'-it) [digitus, finger]. A finger or toe.

digital (dij'-it-al) [digit]. 1. Pertaining to the
ringers or toes. 2. Performed with the fingers.
3. Resembling a depression made with a finger-
tip; e. g., digital fossa, d. arteries, the arteries of
the hands and feet supplying the digits. See under
artery, d. compression, the stoppage of a flow of
blood by pressure with the finger, d. examination,
examination or exploration with the finger.

digitalacrin (dij-it-al-ak'-rin), C2oH«06. A sub-
stance obtained from digitalis.

digitalein (dij-it-af -e-in) . 1. One of the consti-
tuents of digitalis. 2. A cardiac tonic and diuretic.
Dose^g^-ir? gr- (0.001-0.002 Gm.) 2 to 4 times daily.

digitaletm (dij-it-al-ef-in), C22H38O9. A substance
obtained from digitalin by heating with dilute acid.

digitaliform (dij-it-af -e-form) [digit; forma, form].
Finger-shaped.

digitalin, digitalinum (dij-it-al'-in, dij-it-al-i' -num)
[digitalis]. 1. CsHsOzC?). The active principle of
Digitalis purpurea. Dose ^V'sV gr. (0.001-0.002
Gm.). 2. A precipitate from a tincture of Digitalis
purpurea, d., crystallized. See digitin. d., French,
a yellowish, odorless, bitter powder, said to consist
of digitalin with some digitoxin. It is used as a
heart-tonic. Dose ^^ gr. (0.00026 Gm.) rapidly
increased to £$ gr. (0.0016 Gm.) daily; maximum
dose ¥V gr- (0.0013 Gm.) daily. Syn., chloroformic
digitalin; Homolle's amorphous digitalin; insoluble
digitalin. d., German, a white or yellowish powder,
said to consist of digitalein with some digitonic
and digitalin. It is a noncumulative heart-tonin
and diuretic. Dose b^-^t gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.)
3 or 4 times daily in pills or subcutaneously ; maximum
dose TV gr- (0.004 Gm.) single; § gr. (0.022 Gm.)
daily, d., Homolle's, d., insoluble. See d., French.
d., Kilian's, a white, amorphous powder, exerting

DIGITALIRETIN

294

DILATATION

the characteristic effect of digitalis leaves. Dose
aiff gr. (0.00025 Gm.). Syn., digitalinum verum
kiliani. d., Nativelle's, d.-nativelle, C25H40O15; said
to consist chiefly of digitoxin. It is recommended
as a heart-tonic and in pulmonary inflammation.
Dose t^tj-^ gr. (0.00065-0.001 Gm.). d., soluble.
See d., German.

digitaliretin, digitalirrhetin (dij-it-al-i-ret'-in), Ci6-
H26O3. A substance obtained from digitalin by
action of dilute acid with heat.

digitalis (dij-it-a'-lis) [digitalis, pertaining to the
fingers]. Foxglove. The digitalis of the U. S. P.
is the leaves of D. purpurea. It contains an amor-
phous complex substance, digitalin, that does not,
however, represent the full properties of the leaves.
It is a powerful cardiac stimulant, strengthening
the systole and lengthening the diastole of the heart.
It also acts as a diuretic; in large doses it causes gastric
disturbance. It is employed mainly in diseases of
the heart when compensation is lost, d., extract of
(extr actum digitalis, U. S. P.). Dose §— § gr. (0.0 1-
0.032 Gm.). d., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum
digitalis, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 min. (0.06-1.8 Cc).
d., infusion of (infusum digitalis, U. S. P.), i§ parts
of the leaves in 100 parts. Dose 2-4 dr. (4-8 Cc).
d., tincture of (tinctura digitalis, U. S. P.), 15 parts
of the leaves in 100 of diluted alcohol. Dose 10-20
min. (0.6-1.2 Cc).

digitalism, digitalismus (dij'-it-al-izm, dij-it-al-is'-
tnus). The condition caused by the injudicious use
of digitalis, consisting in paralysis of cardiac
action.

digitalization (dij-it-al-i-za'-shun). Subjection to
the effects of digitalin or digitalis.

digitalone (dij'-it-al-on). A non-irritating solution
of the digitalis glucosides.

digitalose (dij-it-al-os). A white crystalline con-
stituent of digitalis.

digitation (dij-it-a'-shun) [digitatus, having digits].
A finger-like process, or a succession of such processes,
especially of a muscle.

digiten (dij' -it-en) [digitus, a finger]. Belonging to
a digit in itself.

digitiform (dij'-it-e-form) [digit]; forma, form.
Finger-shaped.

digiti mortui {dij'-it-i mor'-tu-i) [L.]. Dead
fingers; a cold and white state of the fingers.

digitin (dij'-it-in), (C4H902)n. A therapeutically
inert substance occurring as a granular, crystalline
powder, isolated from the leaves of Digitalis purpurea.
Syn., crystallized digitalin.

digitofibular (dij-it-o-fib'-u-lar). Pertaining to the
fibular aspect of the toes.

digitol (dij'-it-ol) . Trade name of a fat-free
tincture of digitalis.

digitometatarsal (dij-it-o-met-a-tar'-sal). Pertain-
ing to the metatarsus and the toes.

digitonin (dij-it-o'-nin) [digitalis], C31H52O17. A
white, amorphous mass obtained from digitalis.

digitoradial (dij-it-o-ra'-de-al). Relating to or
situated upon the radial aspect of the fingers.

digitotibial (dij-it-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to the
tibial aspect of the toes.

digitoulnar (dij-it-o-ul'-nar). Relating to the
ulnar aspect of the fingers.

digitoxin (dij-it-oks'-in) [digitalis; to^lkov, poison],
C21H32O7, or C12H32O34. A highly poisonous glucoside
from Digitalis purpurea. A powerful heart-tonic,
used in valvular lesions and myocarditis, etc. Dose
5^(5— Tsu gr. (0.00026-0. 000s Gm.) 3 times daily
with 3 min. (0.2 Cc.) chloroform, 60 min. (4 Cc.)
alcohol, i£ oz. (45 Cc.) water. Enema, SV gr. (0.0008
Gm.) with 10 min. (0.6 Cc.) alcohol, 4 oz. (120 Cc.)
water, 1 to 3 times daily. Maximum dose 5V gr.
(0.002 Gm.) daily.

digitus (dij'-it-us) [L.: pi., digiti]. A finger or toe.
d. annularis, ring finger, d. auricularis, little finger.
d. clavatus, club-finger, d. demonstrativus, index
finger, d. hippocraticus, club-finger, d. manus, a
finger, d. medicus, the ring finger, d. medius,
the middle finger, d. minimus, .the little finger.
d. pedis, a toe. d. recellens, trigger finger.

diglossia (di-glos'-e-ah) [Sis, double; -yXcoo-tra,
tongue]. The condition of having a double tongue.

dignathus (dig-na' '-thus) [8is, twice; yvados, jaw].
A monster with two lower jaws.

dihydrate (di-hi' -drat) [his, twice; vSup, water]'
1. Any compound containing two molecules of
hydro xyl. Syn., bihydrate. 2. A compound con-
taining two molecules of water.

dihydrated (di-hi' -dra-ted). Having absorbed two
hydroxyl molecules.

dihydric (di-hi' -drik). Containing two atoms of
hydrogen in the molecule.

dihydride (di-hi' -dr id). A compound of two
atoms of hydrogen with an element or radical.

dihydrocollidine (di-hi-dro-koV -id-en), CsHnN. A
liquid substance isomeric with a ptomaine obtained
from putrid flesh and fish.

dihydrocoridine (di-hi-dro-kor' -id-en), C10H17N. A
substance isomeric with a ptomaine found in cultures
of the Bacillus allii.

dihydrolutidine (di-hi-dro-lu'-tid-en) [8is, double;
i)8o)p, water; luteus, yellow], C7H11N. One of the
alkaloidal bodies found in cod-liver oil. It is slightly
poisonous, in small doses diminishing general sensi-
bility, in large doses causing tremor, paralysis of the
legs, or, in animals, the hind limbs, and death.

dihydroresorcinol (di-hi-dro-re-zor'-sin-ol). Shining
white prisms, soluble in water, alcohol, or chloro-
form, melting at i04°-io6° C, obtained from resor-
cinol by action of sodium amalgam with carbon di-
oxide. It is recommended as an antiseptic.

dihydroxyphthalophenone (di-hi-droks-e-thal-o-fe'-
non). Phenolphthalein.

dihydroxytoluene (di-hi-droks-e-tol'-u-en). See or-
cin.

dihysteria (di-his-te'-re-ah) [8ls, double; i/arkpa,
the womb]. The presence of a double uterus.

diiodide (di-i'-o-did) [di, two; iodum, iodine].
A compound consisting of a basic element and two
atoms of iodine.

diiodoaniline (di-i-o-do-an'-il-in), C6H5 . NH2 . I2
[1:2:4]. A reaction-product of aniline with iodine
chloride. It is antiseptic and used as an application
in skin diseases. Syn., metadiiodaniline.

diiodobetanaphthol (di-i-o-do-be-lah-naf'-thol), C16-
H6I2O2. A yellowish-green powder obtained from
mixed solutions of iodine with potassium iodide and
betanaphthol with sodium carbonate and sodium
hypochlorite. It is used as an antiseptic in place of
aristol. Syn., naphtholaristol; naphtholdiiodide.

diiodocarbazol (di-i-o-do-kar'-ba-zol), C12H6I2 : NH.
A substance obtained from carbazol by action of
iodine with heat; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol
and chloroform. It is recommended as an antiseptic

diiododithymol (di-i-o-do-di-thi'-mol). See aristol.

diiodoform (di-i-o' -do-form), C2H2I4. A substance
obtained from acetylene iodide by excess of iodine
and containing 95.28 % of iodine, ft decomposes
on exposure to light. Used as a substitute for
iodoform. Syn., tetraethylene iodide.

diiodomethane (di-i-o-do-meth'-an). Methylene
iodide.

diiodonaphthol (di-i-o-do-naf'-thol). See diiodo-
betanaphthol.

diiodoresorcinol (di-i-o-do-re-zor'-sin-ol). A brown,
inodorous powder, used as an antiseptic in place of
aristol.

diiodosalicylic acid (di-i-o-do-sal-is-il'-ik). See
acid, diiodosalicylic. d.-methylester. See sanoform.
d.-phenylester. See diiodosalol.

diiodosalol (di-i-o-do-sal'-ol), C6H2l2(OH)C02C6H5.
A condensation-product of diiodosalicylic acid with
phenol. It is used in treatment of skin diseases.

diiodothioresorcinol (di-i-o-do-thi-o-re-zor'-sin-ol) ,
C6H2O2I2S2. It is used as a dusting-powder and in
10 to 20 % ointment.

dikamali (dik-am-ah'-le) [E. Ind.]. A fetid gum-
resin obtained from Gardenia gummifera and G. lucida.
In decoction it is used as an antiperiodic and in the
treatment of chronic skin diseases.

dilaceration (di-las-er-a'-shun) [dilaceratio, a tearing
apart]. A tearing apart; division of a membranous
cataract by a tearing operation.

dilatatio cordis (di-lat-a'-she-o kor'-dis) [L.].
Dilatation of the heart.

dilatation (dil-at-a'-shun) [dilatare, to expand].
A spreading apart; the state, especially of a hollow
part or organ, of being dilated or stretched, d.,
digital, dilatation of a body-cavity or orifice by
means of one or more fingers, d. of heart, an
increase in the size of one or more of the cavities
of the heart, arising from a relaxation or weakening
of the heart muscle. It is associated with evidences
of failure of circulation, resulting in congestion of
the lungs and other viscera, d., hydrostatic, dilata-
tion of a cavity or part by means of an introduced
elastic bag which is subsequently distended with
water, d. of stomach, increase in size of the

DILATE

295

DIOSTOSIS

stomach from relaxation of the walls and expansion
with gas.

dilate (di-laf) [dilatation]. To spread. To increase
in size; to spread apart; to stretch.

dilator (di-la'-tor) [dilate], i. An instrument for
stretching or enlarging a cavity or opening; also, 2.
A dilating muscle. See under muscle, d. iridis, the
set of muscular fibers dilating the pupil, d. naris.
See muscles, table of. d. pyloric, the muscle which
dilates the pyloric orifice of the stomach, d. tubas.
See tensor palati, in muscles, table of.

dill (dil). See anethum.

diluent (dil'-u-ent) [dilute]. 1. Diluting. 2. An
agent that dilutes the secretions of an organ.

diluin (di-lu'-in). A normal physiological saline
solution to which \ per cent, of carbolic acid has
been added ; used as a diluent for tuberculin.

dilute (di-luf) [diluere, to wash away]. To make
weaker through increasing the bulk by the addition
of liquid.

diluting fluids. Solutions for use with the hemo-
cytometer. See Hayem's solution and Sherrington's
solution, Toisson's solution.

dilution (di-lu'-shun) [dilute]. 1. The process of
adding a neutral fluid to some other fluid or substance,
in order to diminish the qualities of the latter. 2. A
diluted substance; the result of a diluting process.

dilutionist (di-lu'-shun-ist) [dilute]. One who
advocates the dilution of medicines, d., high, a
homeopathist who advocates the extreme attenuation
of medicines.

dimerous (dim'-er-us) [Sis, two; pepos, a part].
In biology, bipartite.

dimethyl (di-meth'-il), (CH3)2. A double molecule
of methyl; in the free state it constitutes ethane.
d.-acetal, C4H10O2, a colorless ethereal liquid obtained
from aldehyde, methylalcohol, and glacial acetic acid
with heat; it is used as an anesthetic, alone or com-
bined with one-half its volume of chloroform. Syn.,
ethylidenedimethyl ether. d.-amidoantipyrine. See
pyramidon. d.-amidoazobenzene, C14H15N3. It is
used as an indicator in alkalimetry and as a fat color.
Syn., butter yellow, d.-amidophenyl-dimethyl-pyra-
zolon. See pyramidon. d.-arsin. See cacodyl.

pu

d. sulphate, p„ >S04, a colorless, oily fluid much

used in chemical manipulation and giving rise to
poisoning with marked local and pulmonary symp-
toms, convulsions, coma, and paralysis, d.-xanthin.
1. See paraxanthin. 2. See theobromine.

dimethylamine (di-meth-il-am'-in), NC2H7. A
nontoxic ptomaine found in putrefying gelatin, old
decomposing yeast, etc.

dimethylated (di-meth' '-il-a-ted) . Combined with
two molecules of methyl.

dimetria (di-me'-tre-ah) [8is, double; nvrpa, the
womb]. The condition of having a double uterus.

dimorphism (di-morf -izm) [8ls, double; pop<j>ri,
form]. The property of assuming or of existing
under two distinct forms.

dimorphobiotic (di-mor-fo-bi-ot'-ik) [dis; (iop<f>r),
shape; ffiwais, life}. Relating to an organism which
runs through two or more morphologically distinct
phases in its life-history — a free stage and a parasitic
stage.

dimorphous (di-mor'-fus) [dis; iiop<pr), form].
Existing in two forms.

dimple (dim'-pl). A slight depression.

dineuric (di-nu'-rik) [dis; vevpov, nerve]. Pro-
vided with two neuraxons; said of a nerve-cell.

dinic, dinical (din'-ik, din'-ik-al) [Slvos, whirl].
Pertaining to or useful in the relief of vertigo.

dinitrate (di-ni'-trat). A compound resulting from
the replacement of the hydrogen of two molecules
of nitric acid by a base.

dinitrocellulose (di-ni-tro-seV-u-los). See pyroxy-
lin.

dinitrocresol {di-ni-tro-kre'-sol), C7H6N2O5. Ex-
plosive crystals melting at 85 ° C. The potassium
salt of o-dinitrocresol is an excellent insecticide and
an efficient remedy in scabies, and mixed with equal
parts of soap is, under the name of antinonnin, used
as an insecticide and to destroy rats and mice. A
mixture of the potassium salts of o-dinitrocresol and
^-dinitrocresol, a commercial substitute for saffron,
has been employed with fatal results.

dinitroresorcin (di-ni-tro-re-zor'-sin), C6H4N2O6 +
2H2O. It is employed in histological preparations.
Syn., ordinary dinitroresorcin.

dinner pills. A name applied to various mild

cathartic pills taken after meals. See Lady Webster
pill

dinomania (din-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Slvos, a whirling
dance; pavia, mania]. Dancing-mania, choromania,
q. v.

dinus (di'-nus) [Sivos, whirl]. Vertigo or dizziness.

dioecious (di-e'-shus). See diecious.

dioform (di'-o-form). Acetylene dichloride, a
volatile narcotic.

diogmus (di-og'-mus) [8iuyp.6s, a chase]. Palpi-
tation of the heart.

diomorphine (di-o-mor'-fen). A mixture of dionine
and morphine.

dionin (di'-o-nin), C2H5O . (OH) . CnHnNO . HC1
+H2O. Ethylmorphine hydrochloride. It is anal-
gesic, antispasmodic, and sedative, and is employed
in diseases of the respiratory passages and in mor-
phinism. Dose |-| gr. (o.or-0.03 Gm.).

dioning (di-o'-ning) [ALwvn, the mother of Aphro-
dite, afterward applied to Aphrodite herself]. Nor-
mal love between the opposed sexes; as distinguished
from urning, abnormal love between the same sexes.

dionym (di'-o-nim) [Sis, two; bvopa, name].
A name consisting of two words, as medulla oblongata;
corpus callosum.

diophthalmus (di-off-thal'-mus). See diprosopus.

diopsimeter (di-op-sim' -et-er) [Stoats, clear vision;
ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for exploration
of the visual field.

diopter (di-op'-ter) [81a, through; 6\f/e<r9ai, to see].
The unit of measurement of the refractive power
of an optic lens. It is the refractive power of a lens
that has a focal distance of one meter.

dioptometer (di-op-tom' -et-er). An instrument for
determining ocular refraction. Same as optometer.

dioptometry (di-op-tom' -et-re) [diopter; p-krpov, a
measure]. The measurement of the accommodative
and refractive states of the eye.

dioptoscopy (di-op-tos'-ko-pe) [diopter; aKovtlv, to
examine]. A method of estimating ocular refraction
by means of the ophthalmoscope.

dioptral (di-op'-tral). Pertaining to a dioptry;
expressed in dioptrics.

dioptric (di-op'-trik) [diopter]. 1. Pertaining to
transmitted and refracted light. 2. A diopter.

dioptrics (di-op'-triks). A branch of optics treating
of the refraction of light by transparent media,
especially by the media of the eye.

dioptroscopy (di-op-tros'-ko-pe). Same as diopto-
scopy. See also retinoscopy.

dioptry (di-op'-tre). See diopter.

dioradin (di-o-ra'-din). Trade name of the "radio-
active menthol-iodine" remedy proposed for tuber-
culosis

diorthosis (di-or-tho'-sis) [5id, throughout; bpdbeiv,
to straighten]. The surgical correction of a de-
formity, or repair of an injury done to a limb.

diorthotic (di-or-thot'-ik). Relating to or effecting
a diorthosis.

dioscorea (di-os-ko'-re-ah) [Dioscorides, Greek
physician and botanist]. Wild yam, colic root.
The rhizome of D. villosa, a creeping-plant, indigenous
to the Eastern U. S. It is claimed to be expectorant,
diaphoretic, and stimulant to the intestinal canal,
in large doses causing neuralgic pains and erotic
excitement. It is used successfully for bilious colic.
fiuidextract, of standard strength, dose nj xv-xxx.

dioscorein (di-os-ko'-re-in) [Dioscorides, a Greek
botanist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the
root of Dioscorea villosa. It is antispasmodic,
expectorant, and diaphoretic. Dose 5 to 4 grains.

diose (di'-os). A monosaccharide containing only
two carbon atoms; it is the simplest form of sugar.

diosmic (di-oz'-mik). Containing two atoms of
osmium as a quadrivalent radical.

diosmin (di-oz'-miri) [8ios, divine; bap.ii, odor].
An active principle obtained from various species of
Buchu. It is an amorphous, bitter substance.

diosmosis (di-os-mo' -sis) . Same as osmosis.

diosmotic (di-oz-mot'-ik) [816., through; dxr/zos, im-
pulse]. Pertaining to osmosis.

Diospyros (di-os'-pi-ros) [Aios, of Jove ; irvpos, grain;
fruit]. A genus of trees of the order Ebenacece. The
bark of D. virginiana, the persimmon-tree of the
United States, is astringent, tonic, antiperiodic, and
hemostatic, and is used in diarrhea, intermittent
fever, and uterine hemorrhage. Dose of fiuidextract
30-60 min. (3-4 Cc).

diostosis (di-os-to'-sis) [Sid, away from; barkov, a
bone]. Displacement of a bone.

DIOTIC

296

DIPLOSCOPE

diotic (di-ot'-ik) [8is, two; oCs, &t6s, ear]. Bi-
naural; pertaining to both ears.

dioviburnia (di-o-vi-bur'-ne-ah). A proprietary-
combination of equal parts of the fluidextracts of
viburnum opulus, v. prunifolium, chamalirium carolini-
anum, caulophyllum thalictroides, aletris farinosa,
mitchella repens, Scutellaria lateriflora, and dioscorea
villosa. It is antispasmodic and anodyne, and is
used in dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, etc.

dioxide (di-oks'-id) [Sis, two; 5£us, sharp]. A
molecule containing two atoms of oxygen and one
of a base.

dioxogen (di-ok'-so-jen). Trade name for a solution
of hydrogen dioxide.

dioxyanthranol, dioxyanthrol (di-oks-e-an'-thran-ol,
-throl). See anthrarobin.

dioxybenzene (di-oks-e-ben'-zen). See hydroqui-
none.

dioxydiamidoarsenobenzol (di-ok-se-di-am'-id-o-ar-
sen-o-ben'-zol). Salvarsan; a synthetic compound
considered a specific for syphilis.

dioxygen (di-oks'-e-jen), H2O2. A term intro-
duced for a preparation of pure hydrogen dioxide.

dioxynaphthalene (di-oks-e-naf-thal-en), C10H8O2.
A toxic compound used as a roborant. The daily
dose is 3 gr. (0.19 Gm.).

dioxytoluene (di-oks-e-tol'-u-en). Same as orcin.

dip. The deviation from the horizontal position
shown by a freely suspended magnetic needle.

dipentene {di-pen' -ten) , C10H16. Cinene; a com-
pound produced by heating pinene, camphor, and
limonene to 2S0°-300° C. It is present in the
Russian and Swedish turpentine oil. It is a liquid
with an agreeable lemon-like odor; sp. gr. 0.853;
boils at I75°-I76° C.

dipeptide (di-pep'-tid). A protein substance con-
sisting of two aminoacids.

diphenyl (di-fen'-il), C12H10. A hydrocarbon
resulting from the action of sodium upon brom-
benzene in ether or benzene. It is also present in
coal-tar.

diphtheria (dif-the'-re-ah) [8i4>6kpa, a skin or
membrane]. An acute infectious disease caused by
the Klebs-Loeffier bacillus. It is characterized by the
formation, on a mucous membrane, most frequently
that of the pharynx, of a false membrane, grayish
or buff in color, and quite firmly adherent. Any
mucous membrane, as the laryngeal, nasal, conjunc-
tival, and, more rarely, the gastrointestinal, vaginal,
and that of the middle ear, may be the seat of the
disease. The membrane may also be formed on
wounds — surgical or wound-diphtheria, d., Breton-
neau's, true diphtheria of the pharynx, first described
by P. Bretonneau (1826). d. toxin, a toxalbumin
produced by Bacillus diphtheria; it is destroyed by a
temperature over 60° C., and is capable of causing
in susceptible animals the same phenomena induced
by inoculation with the living bacilli.

diphtherial (dif-the'-re-al). Pertaining to diph-
theria.

diphtheric (dif-ther'-ik). See diphtheritic.

diphthericide (dif-ther'-is~id). A proprietary
prophylactic against diphtheria, said to consist of
thymol, sodium benzoate, and saccharin.

diphtherin (dif'-ther-in). See diphtheria toxin.

diphtheriolysin (dif-the-re-ol'-is-in). A lysin having
a specific action on diphtheria toxin.

diphtheritic (dif-ther-it'-ik) [diphtheria]. Of or per-
taining to diphtheria.

diphtheritis (dif-ther-i'-tis). See diphtheria.

diphtheroid {dif'-ther-oid) [diphtheria]. 1. Re-
sembling diphtheria. 2. A general term for all
pseudomembranous formations not due to bacillus
diphtheria.

diphtherotoxin (dif-ther-o-toks'-in). See diphtheria
toxin.

diphthongia (dif-thon'-je-ah) [bis, double; <f>66yyos,
a voice]. The production of a double tone of the
voice, due to incomplete unilateral paralysis of the
recurrent laryngeal nerve, or to some lesion of the
vocal bands that causes each to produce its own
sound.

diphyodont (dif-e-o-dont) [Si^wfr, twofold; 6Sovs,
tooth]. In biology, having two sets of teeth, as the
milk-teeth and the permanent teeth.

diplacusis (dip-lak-ii'-sis) [6i7rX6oo-, double; &Kov<ns,
hearing]. 1. The hearing of a tone as higher by one
ear than by the other. Syn., diplacusis binauralis.
2. The hearing of two tones by one ear when only one
tone is produced. Syn., diplacusis uniauralis.

di plasmatic (di-plaz-mat'-ik) [Sis, two; ir\&<Tixat
something formed]. Containing matter other than
protoplasm; said of cells.

diplastic (di-plas'-tik) [Sis, two; ifhaaveiv, to form].
A term applied to cells having two substances in
their constitution.

diplegia (di-ple'-je-ah) [Sis, double; nXriyn, stroke].
Paralysis of similar parts on the two sides of the body.
d., spastic cerebral, of infancy. See Little's disease.

diplegic (di-ple'-jik) [Sis, double; irK-qyii, stroke].
Relating to or of the nature of diplegia.

diplo- [Sufhoos, double]. A prefix signifying
double.

diploalbuminuria (dip-lo-al-bu-tnin-u'-re-ah) [diplo-;
albuminuria]. The coexistence or alternation of
physiological and pathological albuminuria in the
same subject.

diplobacillus (dip-lo-bas-il'-us) [diplo-; bacillus],
A double bacillus.

diplobacterium (dip-lo-bak-te'-re-um) [diplo-; bac-
terium]. A bacterial form made up of two adherent
bacteria.

diploblastic idip-lo-blas'-tik) [diplor; PKaoros, a
germ]. Having two germinal layers.

diplocardiac (dip-lo-kar'-de-ak) [diplo-; napSia,
heart]. Having a double heart.

diplocephalia (dip-lo-sef-a'-le-ah) [diplo-; Ke<pa\-n,
the head]. A two-headed monstrosity.

diplocephalus (dip-lo-sef-al-us). A monster with
a single body and two heads.

diplococcus (dip-lo-kok'-us) [diplo-; kokkos, a
berry]. A micrococcus that occurs in groups of two.
See Micrococci, table of.

diplocoria (dip-lo-ko'-re-ah) [diplo-; /copy, pupil].
Double pupil.

diploe (dip'-lo-e) [8nr\6ri, a fold]. The cancellous
bony tissue between the outer and inner tables of
the skull.

diploetic (dip-lo-et'-ik) [diploe]. Relating to the
diploe; diploic.

diplogenesis (dip-lo-jen'-es-is) [diplo-; ykv€<ns,
production]. 1. The development of a double or
twin monstrosity. 2. The process described by
Pigne' in 1846 whereby congenital tumors are formed
by the inclusion of embryonic remains.

diploic (dip-lo'-ik) [diploe]. See diploetic.

diploma {dip-lo'-mah). A document granted by
an authorized body of men, showing that the re-
cipient has performed certain work under the pre-
scribed conditions, and is entitled to a definite pro-
fessional rank and title.

diplomellituria (dip-lo-mel-it-u'-re-ah) [diplo-; melli-
turia]. The coexistence or alternation of diabetic
and non-diabetic glycosuria in the same subject.

diplomeric (dip-lorn' -er-ik) [diplo-; fiepos, a part].
Applied to muscles arising from two myotomes;
e. g., the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.

diplomyelia (dip-lo-mi-e'-le-ah) [diplo-; tivehbs,
marrow]. An apparent doubleness of the spinal
cord, produced by a longitudinal fissure.

diploneural (dip-lo-nii'-ral) [diplo-; vtvpov, nerve].
Pertaining to a muscle, or other structure, supplied
by the nerves.

diplophonia (dip-lo-fo'-ne-ah) [diplo-; <t>wvri, voice].
A rare symptom of laryngeal disease in which a
double note is produced in the larynx. Cf. diph-
thongia.

diplopia (dip-lo'-pe-ah) [diplo-; 6\f/is, sight]. Double
vision, one object being seen by the eye or eyes as
two. d., binocular, the most frequent, is due to a
derangement of the muscular balance, the images of
the object being thereby thrown upon nonidentical
points of the retina?, d., crossed, d., heteronymous,
the result of divergent strabismus, the image of the
right eye appearing upon the left side and that of
the left eye upon the right side, d., direct, d.,
homonymous, the reverse of crossed diplopia, found
in convergent strabismus, d., monocular, diplopia
with a single eye, usually due to hysteria, to double
pupil, or beginning cataract.

diplopic (dip-lo'-pik) [diplo-; 6\pis, sight]. Relating
to or affected with diplopia.

diplopiometer (dip-lo-pe-om'-et-er) [diplo-; 5^«,
sight; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument for measur-
ing the degree of double vision.

diplosal (dip'-lo-sal). A proprietary name for the
salicylate of salicylic acid.

diploscope (dip'-lo-skop) [diplo-; aKoirelv, to ex-
amine]. An instrument for the investigation of
bino ular vision.

DIPLOTERATOGRAPHY

297

DISCOUS

diploteratography (dip-lo-ter-at-og'-ra-fe) [diplo-;
repots, a monster; ypa<t>eiv, to write]. The descrip-
tion and diagnosis of special forms of double monsters.

diploteratology (dip-lo-ter-at-ol'-o-je) [diplo-; rkpas,
a monster; Xoyos, science]. The science of twin
monstrosities.

dipolar (di-po'-lar). See bipolar.

dipotassic (di-po-tas'-ik) [di, two; potassium].
Containing two atoms of potassium in a molecule.

Dippel's animal oil (dipl) [Johann Conrad Dippel,
German alchemist, 1673-1734]- Oleum cornu cervi.
An oil obtained in distilling bone and deer's horn.
It contains pyridin and lutidin. It is antispasmodic
and stimulant.

dipping (dip'-ing). Palpating the liver by sudden
pressure.

dipping needle. A magnetic needle so hung that
it can move freely in a vertical plane.

diprosopia (di-pro-so' -pe-ah) [Sis, double; trpoaciirov,
face]. In teratology, the duplication of the face.

diprosopus (di-pros-o'-pus) [Sis, double; irpoffa-n-ov,
face]. A monster characterized by a duplicity of the
face and head, frequently associated with hydro-
cephalus, acrania, defective development of the
brain, and spina bifida.

dipsesis (dip-se'-sis). Extreme thirst.

dipsetic (dip-set' -ik) [SiforiKos, causing thirst].
Causing or attended with thirst.

dipsomania (dip-so-ma'-ne-ah) [Stya, thirst; navla,
madness]. The uncontrollable desire for spirituous
liquors.

dipsomaniac (dip-so-ma'-ne-ak). A person affected
with dipsomania.

dipsopathy (dip-sop' -ath-e) [Sl\pa, thirst; irQaos,
disease]. The thirst-cure; the treatment of disease
by limiting the liquids ingested.

dipsorrhexia (dip-sor-eks'-e-ah) [Stya, thirst; op«|ts,
appetite]. Thebault's term for that early stage of
alcoholism in which no organic lesions have as yet
appeared in consequence of the alcoholic poisoning,
but when the appetite has been developed.

dipsosis (dip-so' -sis). See dipsesis.

Diptera (dip'-ter-ah) [Sis, two; irrkpov, wing].
An order of insects including the fleas, flies, and
mosquitoes.

Dipterocarpus (dip-ter-o-kar'-pus) [Slirrepos, two-
winged; Kapwds, fruit]. A genus of trees, chiefly
found in southern Asia, some of which furnish gurjun
balsam.

dipterous (dip'-ter-us) [Sis, two; irrkpov, wing].
In biology, having two wings or wing-like processes.

Dipteryx (dip'-ter-iks) [Sis, two; vTkpvl-, a wing].
A genus of leguminous trees, d. odorata, the tree
that produces the Tonka bean, q. v. The seeds are
stimulant, antispasmodic, and antiseptic; used in
whooping-cough and for flavoring. Dose of fluid-
extract, 5-30 m (0.3-1.8 c.c).

dipygus (dip'-ig-us) [Sis, double; irvyri, buttocks].
A monstrosity with more or less duplication of the
pelvis and lower parts of the back.

Dipylidium (di-pi-lid'-e-um) [SlirvXos, with two
entrances]. A genus of parasitic platode worms.

diradiation (di-ra-de-a'-shun). See actinobolia (1).

direct (di-rekf) [directus, straight]. In a right or
straight line; without the interposition of some
medium, d. current, a galvanic current, d. image.
See image, direct, d. murmur. See under murmur.
d. ophthalmoscopy. See ophthalmoscopy, d. vision,
the perception of an object the image of which falls
upon the macula.

direction (di-rek'-shun) [dirigere, to direct]. Rela-
tive position considered without regard to linear
distance, d.-spindle, a fusiform body of the ovule,
stretching from the germinal vesicle toward the
surface.

director (di-rek'-tor) [direct]. Anything that guides
or directs, d., grooved, an instrument grooved to
guide the knife in surgical operations.

dirigomotor (dir-ig-o-mo'-tor) [dirigere, to direct;
motor, a mover]. Controlling motor action.

dirt (dert). Excrement; feces, d.-eating. See
chthonophagia and geophagism.

dis- [Sis, twice]. 1. A prefix denoting two or
double. 2. A prefix denoting apart from.

disaccharide (di-sak'-ar-id). A carbohydrate
formed by the condensation of two monosaccharide
molecules.

disarthral (dis-ar'-thraV) [Sis, twice; apdpov, a
joint]. Relating to muscles that pass over two
joints, e. g., the biceps.

disarticulation (dis-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [dis-, articu-
lum, a joint]. Separation at a joint; amputation at
a joint.

disassimilation (dis-as-sim-il-a'-shun) . The process
of transformation of assimilated substances into
waste-products. Failure or loss of assimilative
power.

disassociation (dis-as-o-se-a'-shun) [dis, apart;
associare, to unite with]. In chemistry, the decom-
position of a compound by heat, the molecules
reuniting on the removal of the heat; dissociation.

disc, disk [discus; SIvkos, a quoit or round platej.
A circular, plate-like organ or structure, d., ani-
sotropous. See d., sarcous. d., Becquerel's. See
Becquerel's disc, d., blood-. See blood-corpuscle.
d., choked. See papillitis, d., contractile, d., dark.
See d., sarcous. d., cupped. See cupped disc.
d.-diameter, the diameter of the optic disc, d.,
epiphyseal, the broad articular surface with slightly
elevated rim on each end of the centrum of a vertebra.
Syn., epiphyseal plate, d., equatorial. See plate,
equatorial, d., germinal, the small disc of the
blastodermic membrane, in which the first traces of
the embryo are seen, d., intermediate. See
Krause's membrane, d., interstitial, the more trans-
lucent cementing substance conjoining the sarcous
elements, and to which the lighter narrower stria?
of the muscle-fiber and the intervals of the fibrils
are due. Syn., Englemann's lateral disc; isotropous
disc; lateral disc; light disc, d.s, intervertebral.
See intervertebral discs, d., invisible. See Norris'
invisible corpuscles, d., isotropous, d., lateral, d.,
light. See d., interstitial, d., median, d., middle.
See Krause's membrane, d., nuclear. See plate,
equatorial, d., optic, the circular area in the retina
that represents the termination of the optic nerve.
d., ovigerous. See discus proligerus. d., Placido's.
See Placido's disc, d., sarcous, the dark, broad,
transverse stripe of striated muscle-fiber; it is aniso-
tropic and supposed to represent the proper contrac-
tile substance of the fiber. Syn., anisotropic disc;
contractile disc; dark disc; principal disc; transverse
disc, d., Schiefferdecker's intermediate. See under
Schieffer decker, d., stenopeic, a lens allowing the
passage of light-rays only through a straight narrow
slit; it is used for testing astigmatism, d., tactile, d.,
terminal. See meniscus, tactile, and Ranvier's tactile
discs, d., transverse. See d., sarcous. d., vitelline.
See discus proligerus.

discharge (dis-charj') [OF., descharger, to unload].

1. A morbid secretion. 2. Any evacuation; also
that which is evacuated. 3- A setting free or escape
of pent-up energy. In electricity the restoration to a
neutral electric condition by which a highly electri-
fied body gives off its surplus of electricity to sur-
rounding objects less highly electrified, d., con-
ductive, an electric discharge taking place through
conduction, d., convective, an electric discharge in
which the charged particles of a fluid convey the
electricity, d., disruptive, an electric discharge
with emission of heat and sound.

discharger (dis-char'-jer). An instrument for
setting free electricity stored in a Leyden jar or
other condenser.

discharging (dis-char'-jing). Unloading; flowing
out, as pus, etc. d. lesion, a brain-lesion that causes
sudden discharges of nervous motor impulses.

disciform (dis'-e-form). Disc-shaped.

discission (dis-ish'-un) [discissio; discindere, to
tear or cut apart]. 1. An operation for soft cataract
in which the capsule is lacerated a number of times
to allow the lens-substance to be absorbed. 2. See
Ransohoff's operation.

discoblastic (dis-ko-blas'-tik) [disc; /SXacrros, a
germ]. Undergoing discoid segmentation of the
vitellus;

discoid (dis'-koid) [disc]. 1. Shaped like a disc.

2. An excavator having a blade in the form of a
disc.

discoloration (dis-kul-ur-a' -shun) [discolor, of
different colors]. A change in or loss of the natural
color of a part.

discophorous (dis-kof'-or-us) [disc; <t>kpeiv, to bear].
Furnished with a disciform organ or part.

disco placenta (dis-ko-pla-sen'-lah). See placenta,
discoid.

discoplasm, discoplasma (dis'-ko-plazm, -plaz'-
mah). The plasma of red blood-corpuscles.

discoria (dis-ko'-re-ah). See dy scoria.

discous (dis'-kus) [disc]. Discoid.

DISCRETE

298

DISLOCATION

discrete (dis-kret') [discretus, separated]. Not
running together; separate; the opposite of con-
fluent.

discus (disf-kus) [L., "a disc"]. A disc. See
disc. d. articularis, interarticular fibrocartilage.
d. proligerus, the mass of cells of the membrana
granulosa of the Graafian vesicle that surround the
ovum.

discussion (dis-kush'-un) [discussio]. The scatter-
ing or driving away of a swelling, effusion, or tumor.

discutient (dis-ku'-shent) [discutere, to shake apart],
i. Capable of effecting resolution. 2. A medicine
having the power of causing an exudation to dis-
appear.

disdiaclast (dis-di'-ak-last) [5ls, double; Sia,
through; k\5ii>, to break]. One of the small, doubly
refractive elements in the contractile discs of a
muscle-fiber.

disease (diz-ez') [dis, negative; ease, a state of
rest]. A disturbance of function or structure of any
organ or part of the body, d., acute, a disease
marked by rapid onset and short course, d., acute
specific. 1. An infectious febrile disease. 2. Acute
syphilis, d., amyloid. Same as amyloid degenera-
tion, d., anserine, muscular wasting of the hand,
the prominent tendons suggesting a goose's foot.
d., autogenous, one due to failure on the part of
some group of body-cells to perform its function.
d., bad, syphilis, d., barometer-maker's. See
under barometer, d., bleeders'. Synonym -of hemo-
philia, d., blue, cyanosis, d., boiler-maker's,
deafness to high-pitched tones, occurring in boiler-
makers, d., brass-founders', _ chronic poisoning
from working in brass, d., caisson-. See caisson-
disease, d., choleraic, a tropical affection resembling
cholera, due to the ingestion of poisonous fish. Cf.
siguatera. d., cholesterin, amyloid degeneration.
d., chronic, one that is slow in its course, d., con-
stitutional, one in which a system of organs or the
whole body is involved, d., cyclic, a disease fol-
lowing cycles or periods of exacerbation or change.
d., cystic, of the breast. See Reclus' disease, d.,
dancing, tarantism. d., divers', an affection similar
to caisson-disease, d., elevator, an affection of the
heart occurring in elevator-men. Syn., liftman's
heart, d., enthetic, one introduced extraneously;
an infectious disease, d., entozootic, one due to the
presence of animal parasites within the body, d.s,
eponymic, those named after individuals. See under
name of the individual for definition, d., fifth,
erythema infectiosum. d., fish-skin, ichthyosis.
d., fish-slime, a peculiar form of septicemia due to
punctured wounds by fish-spines, d., flax-dresser's,
pneumonia from inhalation of particles of flax.
d., fleshworm, trichinosis, d., flint. Synonym of
chalicosis. d., focal, a localized disease, d., fourth,
Clement Dukes' term for a contagious disease
resembling measles, scarlatina, and rubella, or rose-
rash, but distinct. Syn., quatrieme fievre eruptive.
d., functional, a disease without discoverable organic
lesion, d., fungous, of India, a prevalent endemic
disease of India affecting the extremities and dis-
organizing the tissues, due to the implantation of
spores in the tissues, d., guinea- worm. See
guinea-worm disease, d., habit, one that results from
long continuation and frequent repetition of an
act. d.s, heterotoxic, those due to toxic substances
introduced from without the body. d., hook-
worm. See hookworm disease, d., hydrocephaloid,
a disease of children resembling hydrocephalus, fol-
lowing premature weaning, d., idiopathic, one that
exists by itself without any connection with another
disorder; one of which the cause is unknown, d.,
infectious, one arising from the invasion, growth, and
multiplication in the body of specific, pathogenic
microorganisms which produce a chemical poison
that induces its characteristic effects, d., inter-
current, a disease occurring during the progress of
another of which it is independent, d., internal,
one affecting the internal organs, d., jumping, a
form of choromania. See jumpers, d., lardaceous,
amyloid degeneration, d., local, one confined to
some particular region of the body or to one tissue
or organ, d., malignant mold-fungus, an affection
of the skin and mucosa, especially of the mouth,
lips, and nose; described by de Hahn as due to a
mold-fungus, d., mitral, one affecting the mitral
valves, d., mucous (Starr), a form of chronic
gastrointestinal catarrh in children. It consists of a
mucous flux, from the whole internal surface of the

alimentary canal, which interferes mechanically
with the digestion and absorption of food, and so
impedes nutrition as to suggest the presence of
tubercles. It usually arises between the fourth and
the twelfth year, frequently as a sequel of pertussis.
d., mucous (Whitehead), d., mucous (of the colon).
See colitis, mucous, d., occupation, any one of the
nervous affections due to the habitual performance
of the duties of some occupation, d., organic, one
due to structural changes, d., pandemic, a disease
epidemic over a wide area, d., parasitic, one due
to an animal or vegetable parasite, d., parenchy-
matous, that affecting the parenchyma of an organ.
d., pearl, bovine tuberculosis, d.s, protozoal,
pathological conditions due to the invasion of the body
by protozoa, d., protozoic (of Posadas, Wernicke,
etc.). See dermatitis, blastomycetic. d., pulpy,
tuberculous arthritis, d., ragsorter's. See rag-
picker's disease, d., Scythian. See Scythian, d.,
septic, one arising from the development of pyogenic
or putrefactive organisms within ' the body, d.,
septinous, a form of septic disease in which there is
absorption of the toxic substance through an abrasion
of the mucosa of the alimentary canal, d., seven
days', trismus, d., specific, one caused by the
introduction of a specific virus or poison within the
body; also used as a synonym of syphilis, d.,
straddling. See quebrabunda. d., structural, one
involving a change of structure in the part first
affected, d., summer, cholera infantum, d., supra-
renal-capsule, Addison's disease, d., system, one
affecting a number of tissues having a common
function, d., teataster's, a disorder characterized
by extreme neurasthenia, rapid heart action, fibrillary
muscular twitching, and paresthesia due to excessive
use of tea. d., tricuspid, that of the tricuspid valves.
d., tsetse-fly, an African disease of horses, cattle,
and other stock due to the Trypanosoma brucei,
which is transmitted by the tsetse-fly, Glossina
morsitans. d., vagabond's. See vagabond, d., ven-
ereal, one due to sexual intercourse, d., wool-
sorter's, anthrax, d., zymotic, a disease arising
from the introduction and multiplication of some
living germ within the body.

disengagement (dis-en-gaj'-ment) [Fr., desengager,
to disengage]. Emergence from a confined state;
especially the escape of the head of the fetus from the
vaginal canal.

disfigurement (dis-fig'-ur-menf) [dis, priv. ; figurare,
to fashion]. Blemish; deformity.

disgorgement (dis-gorj'-menl) [OF., desgorger, to
vomit]. 1. Ejection by vomiting. 2. The sub-
sidence of an engorgement.

disgregation (dis-greg-a'-shun) [disgregare, to separ-
ate]. Dispersion; separation, as of molecules or
cells.

disinfect (dis-in-fekt'). To destroy or remove
pathogenic substances or organisms, or to render them
inert.

disinfectant (dis-in-fek'-tant) [dis, negative; inficere,
to corrupt]. An agent that destroys the germs of
disease, fermentation, and putrefaction.

disinfectin (dis-in-fek'-tin). A brown liquid
obtained from treating 5 parts of the residue of
naphtha-distillation with 1 part of concentrated
sulphuric acid and the resulting product with 5 parts
of 10 % soda solution. Diluted it is used as a dis-
infectant.

disinfection (dis-in-fek'-shun) [see disinfectant].
The destroying or removal of pathogenic germs,
especially by means of chemical substances.

disinfectol (dis-in-fek'-tol). An antiseptic sub-
stance analogous to creolin and lysol. It is used
in the form of a two to five per cent, emulsion.

disinfector (dis-in-fek'-tor). An apparatus for the
purpose of disinfection.

disintegrate (dis-in'-te-grat) [dis; integer, the whole].
To break up or decompose.

disintoxication (dis-in-toks-ik-a'-shun). See detoxi-
fication.

disinvagination {dis-in-vaj-in-a' -shun) [dis, neg.;
in, in; vagina, a sheath]. The reduction or relief of
an invagination.

disjoint (dis-joint'). To disarticulate; to separate,
as bones, from their natural relations.

disk. See disc.

dislocation (dis-lo-ka'-shun) [dis; locare, to place].
The displacement of one or more bones of a joint
or of any organ from its natural position. See
Callaway's, Dugas', Hamilton's tests, d., complete,

DISODIC

299

DISTILLATION

one in which the joint-surfaces are entirely separated
d., compound, one in which the joint communicates
with the external air through a wound, d., consecu-
tive, one in which the displaced bone is not in the
same position as when originally displaced, d.,
divergent, separate dislocation of the ulna and
radius, d., double, displacement at the same time
of corresponding bones on both sides of the body.
d., habitual, one that recurs repeatedly from a
relaxed condition of the ligaments or from incom-
plete repair of the articular capsule, d., Monteg-
gia's. See under Monteggia. d., Nelaton's. See
under Nelaton. d., old, one in which inflammatory
changes have occurred, d., partial, d., incomplete,
one in which the articulating surfaces remain in
partial contact. Syn., subluxation, d., pathological,
one the result of disease in the joint or of paralysis
of the controlling muscles, d., primitive, one in
which the bones remain as originally displaced.
d., recent, one in which no inflammatory changes
have ensued, d., relapsing. See d., habitual.
d., simple, one in which there is no communication
with the air through a wound, d., Smith's. See
under Smith, d., subclavicular, one of the head of
the humerus beneath the pectoralis major below the
clavicle, d., subglenoid, one of the humerus directly
below the glenoid fossa, d., subpubic, dislocation
of the hip-joint below the pubes. d., subspinous, one
in which the head of the humerus is held in the
infraspinous fossa, d., thyroid, displacement of the
head of the femur into the thyroid foramen, d.,
traumatic, that due to injury.

_ disodic (di-so'-dik) [di, two; sodium], i. Contain-
ing two atoms of sodium in the molecule. 2. (dis-
od'-ik) [bis, twice; 656s, a way.] Furnished with or
relating to two openings.

disoma, disomus (di-so'-mah, -mus) [di-; aa>na,
body; pi., disomata, disomi]. A monster having
two trunks.

disorder (dis-or'-der). See disease.

disorganization (dis-or-gan-iz-a'-shun). Destruc-
tion or loss of organic structure; complete pathologic
or traumatic change in the minute structure of any
tissue.

disorientation {dis-o-re-en-ta'-shun). The loss of
the ability to locate one's position in the environ-
ment, or the mental confusion seen in psychic dis-
orders.

dispar {dis'-par) [L.J. Unequal.

disparate (dis'-par-at) [dispar]. Not alike; unequal
or unmated. d. points, nonidentical points of the
two retinae. Diplopia is produced when the images
of a single object fall upon such points.

dis pareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah). See dyspareunia.

disparity (dis-par'-it-e) [dispar]. Difference; in-
equality, d., crossed, a condition of binocular
relief whereby in superimposed similar figures having
their points of sharpest vision coinciding, a certain
other point in the left field appears to be to the right,
and the same point in the right field to the left,
of the point of sharpest vision, d., uncrossed, a
similar condition of binocular relief, but in which a
point in the left is seen to the left of a similar point
in the right field.

dispensary (dis-pens'-ar-e) [(iispensare, to distri-
bute]. A charitable institution where medical treat-
ment is given to the poor and others.

dispensatory (dis-pens'-at-or-e) . A treatise on
materia medica and the composition, effects, and
preparation of medicines.

dispensing (dis-pens'-ing) [dispensare, to weigh
out]. The measuring, weighing, and issuing of the
drugs ordered in a prescription.

dispermine (di-sperm'-in). See piper azine.

dispermy (di-sperm'-e) [di-; airkpua, a seed]. The
entrance of two spermatozoa into the ovum.

dispersion (dis-per'-shun) [dispersus, scattered].
The act of scattering. In physics, the separation of a
ray of light into its component parts by reflection or
refraction; also, any scattering of light, as that which
has passed through ground glass.

dispirem (di-spi'-rem) [di-; spira, a spiral]. The
two skeins of a dividing nucleus formed from the
nuclear loops and in development giving rise to the
daughter-nuclei.

displacement (dis-plas'-ment) [Fr., desplacer, to
displace]. 1. A putting-out of the normal position.
2. Percolation, d., backward, d., dorsal (of the
arm), a backward displacement, across the neck or
occipital region, of one of the arms of the fetus,

causing obstruction to delivery, d., fish-hook, a
displacement of the stomach in which the pyloric
orifice faces directly upward and the duodenum
extends upward and to the right, connecting with
the pylorus at an angle, which produces a constricting
hook.

disposition (dis-po-zish'-un) [dispositio, an ar-
ranging]. Tendency, either physical or mental, to
certain diseases.

disruptive (dis-rup'-tiv). Bursting; rending, d.
discharge. See discharge.

dissect (dis-ekf) [dissecare, to cut up]. To cut
tissues apart carefully and slowly, in order to allow
study of the relations of a part.

dissecting (dis-ek'-ting) [dissect]. Performing dis-
section, d. aneurysm, an aneurysm in which there
occurs a separation of the coats of an artery, with
hemorrhage between.

dissection (dis-ek'-shun). The cutting apart of
the tissues of the body for purposes of study, d.
tubercle, the same as verruca necrogenica. d.-
wound, a septic wound acquired during dissection.

dissector (dis-ek'-tor) [dissect], 1. One who makes
a dissection. 2. Handbook or manual of anatomy
and instructions for use in dissection. 3. An instru-
ment used for separating structures in dissection or
in a surgical operation.

disseminated (dis-em'-in-a-ted) [disseminare, to
scatter seed]. Scattered; spread over a large area.
d. sclerosis, a disease of the central nervous system
in which the areas of sclerosis are irregularly scattered
throughout the cord and brain. Syn., multiple or
insular sclerosis.

dissemination {dis-em-in-a'-shun) [dis, apart;
seminare, to sow]. The scattering or dispersion of
disease or disease-germs.

dissepiment (dis-ep'-e-ment) [dis, apart; scepire,
to hedge in]. A partition, septum, or diaphragm.

dissimilation {dis-im-il-a'-shun). See catabolism.

dissipation (dis-ip-a'-shun) [dissipare, to scatter].
A dispersion of matter or of the morbid condition
that causes disease.

dissociation (dis-o-se-a'-shun) [dis-; sociare, to
associate]. Separation, especially the separation of a
complex compound into simpler molecules by the
action of heat, d.-symptom, anesthesia to pain and
to heat and cold, with preservation of tactile sensi-
bility and of the muscular sense; it is observed in
syringomyelia.

dissolution (dis-o-lu'-shun) [dissolutio; dis solvere,
to set free]. 1. The separation of a body or com-
pound into its parts. 2. Death; decomposition.

dissolve (diz-olv'). To make a solution of.

dissolvent (diz-oV -vent) [dissolvere, to loosen, dis-
solve]. A solvent or resolvent.

dissonance (dis'-o-nans) [dissonare, to disagree in
sound]. The combination of such tones as are so
different from each other as to produce discord.

distad {dis' -tad) [distare, to be at a distance; ad, to].
In the direction of the free extremity of an appendage
or part.

distal (dis'-tal) [distare, to be at a distance]. Ex-
treme; at the greatest distance from a central point;
peripheral.

distally (dis'-tal-e) [distare, to be at a distance].
Distad.

distance (dis'-tans) [distantia, distance]. The
measure of space between two objects, d. focal,
the distance between the center of a lens and its
focus, d., working, in the microscope, the distance
from the front lens of an objective to the object,
when the objective is correctly focused.

distemper (dis-tem'-per) [dislemperare, to dissolve].
1. Disease; malady; indisposition; most commonly
applied to the diseases of animals. 2. A disease of
young dogs, commonly considered as a catarrhal
disorder.

disten (dis'-ten) [distare, to be at a distance].
Belonging to the distal aspect in itself.

distention (dis-ten' -shun) [distendere, to stretch].
The state of being dilated.

distichia (dis-tik'-e-ah). See distichiasis.

distichiasis (dis-tik-i'-as-is) [di-; crrixos, a row].
The condition in which there is a double row of
eyelashes, the inner rubbing against the globe. See
also entropion and trichiasis.

distillate (dis'-til-at). The product obtained by
distillation.

distillation (dis-til-a'-shun) [distillare, to drop little
by little]. The process of vaporizing and collecting

DISTOBUCCAL

300

DOCIMASIOLOGY

the vapor by condensation. It is used mainly in puri-
fying liquids by separating them from non-volatile
substances, d., destructive, the decomposition of an
organic substance in a closed vessel in such a manner
as to obtain liquid products, d., dry, distillation of
solids without the addition of liquids, conducted
within a closed vessel in order to hinder combustion.
d., fractional, a method of separating substances from
each other by distilling the mixture containing them
at a gradually increased temperature, the different
substances being vaporized and collected in the
order of their volatility.

distobuccal {dis-to-buk'-al) [distare, to separate;
bucca, the cheek]. Relating to the distal and buccal
walls of the bicuspid and molar teeth.

distolabial (dis-to-la'-be-al) [distare, to separate;
labium, lip]. Relating to the portions of the anterior
teeth between their distal and labial walls.

distolingual (dis-to-lin'-gwal) [distare, to separate;
lingua, tongue]. Relating to the portions of teeth
between their distal and lingual walls.

Distoma, Distomum (dis'-to-mah, -mum) [di-;
oTo/xa, a mouth], i. A genus of trematode worms
which have an oral as well as a ventral sucker.
2. A general term applied to various genera of trema-
tode worms. See Schistosomum. D. haematobium,
a species which, becoming lodged in the portal vessels
and the veins of the mesentery and of the urinary tract
causes a disease characterized by hematuria, anemia,
and diarrhea. It is endemic in parts of the tropics.
D. Ringeri, a variety infesting the lungs of man in
China and Japan and causing periodic hemoptysis.

distomatosis (di-sto-mat-o'-sis). See distomia.

distomia (di-sto'-me-ah) [see distoma]. Congenital
duplication of the mouth.

distomiasis (dis-to-mi'-as-is) [distoma]. The pres-
ence in the body of distoma.

distomus (dis-to'-mus). See diprosopus.

distortion (dis-tor'-shun) [distorquere, to distort].
I. A twisted or bent shape; deformity or malforma-
tion, acquired or congenital. 2. A writhing or
twisting motion, as of the face; a grimace.

distortor oris (dis-tor'-tor o'-ris) [L., "the distortor
of the mouth"]. The zygomaticus minor muscle.
See muscles, table of.

distraction (dis-trak'-shun) [distrahere, to draw
apart]. A method of treating certain joint diseases
and bone-fractures by extension and counterextension.

distribution (dis-tri-bu'-shun) [distribuere, to dis-
tribute]. The branching of a nerve or artery, and
the arrangement of its branches within those parts
that it supplies.

distrix (dis-'triks) [Sis, two; dpl£, hair]. The
splitting of the distal ends of the hair.

disulphate (di-sul'-fat) [di-; sulphur]. A sulphate
containing one atom of hydrogen that can be replaced
by a base; an acid sulphate.

disulphide (di-sul'-fid). A compound of an ele-
ment or radical with two atoms of sulphur.

disvolution (dis-vo-lu'-shun) [dis; volvere, to roll
down]. Degeneracy; devolution; extreme cata-
bolism.

disvulnerability (dis-vul-ner-ab-il'-it-e) [dis, neg.;
vulnerare, to wound]. The power of abnormally
rapid recovery from wounds, said to be a peculiarity
of many criminals.

dita-bark (de'-tah-bark) [L.]. The bark of Alstonia
scholaris, native to the Philippine Islands. It is
employed as a tonic and antiperiodic in intermittent
fever. Dose of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); of
the fluidextract 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc); of the
powder 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.).

ditaine (dit'-ah-in), C22H28N2O4. An alkaloid from
dita-bark, used hypodermatically in tetanus. Dose
■& gr. (0.005 Gm.) once or twice daily or until
effectual. Syn., echitamine.

ditamine (dit'-am-en). Same as ditainei

dithan (dith'-an). See trional.

dithion (dith'-e-on). A mixture of the two sodium
dithiosalicylates occurring as a gray powder. It is
used as an antiseptic wash (5 to 10 %) and dusting-
powder in gonorrhea and in foot-and-mouth disease.

dithymoldiiodide, dithmoliodide (di-thi-mol-di-i'-o-
did, di-thi-moUi' -o-did) . Aristol.

ditokus (dit'-o-kus) [5ts, two; reKeiv, to bring
forth]. In biology, giving birth to twins, or laying
two eggs.

Dittel's operation (dit'-el). For enlarged prostrate;
enucleation of the lateral lobes of the prostate by an
external incision.

Dittrich's plugs (dil'-rik) [Franz Dillrich, German
physician, 1815-1859]. Dirty white or yellowish
masses, consisting chiefly of fatty detritus, micro-
organisms, and crystals of margarin; they are found
in the sputum of putrid bronchitis and pulmonary
gangrene. D.'s stenosis, stenosis of the conus
arteriosus.

diurazin (di-u'-ra-zin). A substance containing
theobromin, formaldehyde and salicylic acid, used
as a urinary antiseptic. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 gm.).

diureid (di-u' -re-id). A substance derived from a
double molecule of urea, by substituting a radical for
hydrogen.

diuresis (di-u-re'-sis) [Sta, through; ovpeiv, to
urinate] . Abnormal increase in the secretion of urine.

diuretic (di-u-ret'-ik) [diuresis]. 1. Increasing the
flow of urine. 2. An agent that increases the
secretion of urine, d.s, alternative, drugs eliminated
by the kidney and used for their local action on
the surfaces over which they pass, d.s, hydragogue,
those that increase the flow of water from the kidneys.
d.s, refrigerant, those that render the urine less irri-
tating while not greatly increasing its flow.

diuretin (di-u-re'-tin), CvH7NaN402, CeHUOH-
COONa. Theobromin sodiosalicylate. It has been
found useful as a diuretic in pleuritic effusion and
cardiac dropsy. Dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.) daily in four
doses.

diurnule (di-urn'-ul) [Fr.]. A form of medicinal
tablet or capsule that contains the maximum quantity
of a_ toxic drug that may be administered in 24 hours.

divagation (di-vag-a'-shun) [divagatio, a wandering].
Incoherence of speech or thought.

divalent (di'-va-lent). See bivalent.

divaricatio palpebrarum {di-var-ik-a'-she-o, pal-pe-
bra'-rum). Synonym of ectropion.

divergence (di-ver'-jens). A separation, as of axes.

divergent (di-ver'-jent) [diver gere, to diverge].
Moving in different directions from a common point.
d. strabismus. See strabismus, divergent.

divers' paralysis. See caisson-disease.

diverticular (di-ver-tik'-u-lar) [diverticulum]. Re-
lating to or arising from a diverticulum.

diverticulitis (di-ver-tik-u-li'-tis). Inflammation
of a diverticulum.

diverticulum (di-ver-tik'-u-lum) [divertere, to turn].
A small pouch or sac springing from a main structure.
d., false, a sacciform dilatation due to disease or injury.
d., Heister's. See under Heister. d., Meckel's.
See under Meckel, d., Pertik's. See under Pertik.
d., pulsion, d., traction, a false diverticulum produced
by traction on the outside of a hollow organ, d.,
Vater's. See Vater, ampulla of.

divi-divi (div-e-div'-e) [S. A.]. The seed-pods of
Casalpinia coriaria, a tree of South America.

divulsion (di-vuV -shun) [divulsio, a tearing apart].
A tearing asunder.

divulsor (di-vul'-sor) [L.]. An instrument for
dilating a part.

dizziness (diz'-e-nes). The state in which objects
seem to be whirling around; vertigo.

dizzy. Giddy; light-headedness.

D. M. D. Abbreviation for Doctor of Dental
Medicine. See D. D. S.

D. O. Abbreviation for Doctor of Osteopathy.

Doane's sign (don) . Deafness in one ear in typhoid
fever presages death; deafness in both ears is a good
prognosis.

Dobell's solution, D.'s spray (do'-bel) [Horace
Dobell, English physician, 1828- .]. A solution
of borax, sodium bicarbonate, and phenol in glycerol
and water; it is used as a spray for nasal and throat
troubles.

Dobie's globule (do'-be) [William Murray Dobie,
English anatomist, 19th century]. A small, round
body rendered visible in the center of the transparent
disc of a muscular fibril by staining. D.'s layer,
D.'s line. See Krause's membrane.

dochmiasis (dok-mi'-as-is) [Dochmius], The dis-
eased condition caused by the presence in the body
of parasites belonging to the genus Dochmius. See
uncinariasis. Cf. ankylostomiasis.

Dochmius (dok'-me-us) [doxnios, crumpled]. A
genus of threadworms of the family Strongylida.
D. duodenalis. See ankylostoma.

docimasia (dos-im-a'-se-ah) [5oKina£eiv, to ex-
amine]. Examination; testing or assaying.

docimasiology (dos-im-a-se-ol'-o-je) [docimasia;
X670S, science]. The art or science of investigation,
embracing medicine, surgery, chemistry, etc.

DOCIMASTER

301

DORSICUMBENT

docimaster (dos-im-as'-ter) . An examiner or tester.

docimastic (dos-im-as'-tik) [SoKi/id^eiv, to ex-
amine]. Making use of tests; testing; proving.

doctor (dok'-tor) [doctor, a teacher]. A teacher.
A title conferred by a university or college. A
physician licenced to practise medicine.

dodecadactylitis (do-dek-a-dak-til-i'-tis) [dodeca-
dactylon]. Inflammation of the duodenum.

dodecadactylon (do-dek-a-dak' -til-on) [5w5eca,
twelve ; 5 AktuXos, finger]. The duodenum.

dodging time (dodj'-ing). A popular term among
women for the period of irregular menstruation of
varying duration proceding the full establishment of
the menopause.

doegling oil (do'-eg-ling). The oil of the doegling,
or bottle-nosed whale.

Doehle's inclusion bodies (de'-leh) [Karl Gott-
fried Paul Doehle, German pathologist, 1855- ]•
Bodies found in the leukocytes in scarlet fever and
streptococcic infections.

dog's-bane. See apocynum.

dog-button. See nux vomica.

dog-nose. See goundou.

dogwood See cornus.

dolabra {do-la' -br ah) [L.]. A name applied to
various bandages, d. currens. See ascia. d.
repens. See ascia.

doliariin (do-le-a'-re-in) [dolium, a cask]^ A
vegetable pepsin, like papain and cradin, obtained
from Ficus doliaria, a wild fig-tree of Brazil. It is
vermifuge, purgative, and digestive.

doli capax {do'-li ka'-paks) [L.; pi., doli capaces].
In legal medicine, one capable of guilt; one able or
old enough to distinguish right and wrong; one
morally or legally responsible, d. incapax, one
incapable, or not old enough to distinguish wrong
from right, or to be legally responsible for wrong-
doing.

dolicho- (dol-ik-o-). A prefix meaning long.

dolichocephalia (dol-ik-o-sef-a'-le-ah) [dolicho-;
Ke4>a\r], head]. The condition of being dolichoce-
phalic.

dolichocephalic, dolichocephalous (dol-ik-o-sef-al'-
ik, -sef'-al-us) [dolicho-; Ke4>a\ij, head]. Long-headed;
having a relatively long anteroposterior cephalic
diameter.

dolichocephalus (dol-ik-o-sef'-al-us) [see dolicho-
cephalic]. A skull having a relatively long antero-
posterior diameter; a skull-formation resulting from
the too rapid ossification of the longitudinal suture.
The varieties are leptocephalus, sphenocephaly, and
clinocephalus. d. simplex, that occurring through
synostosis of the sagittal suture.

dolichochamaecephalus (dol-ik-o-kam-e-sef'-al-us)
[dolicho-; x^A"", on the ground; K&pdMi, head].
Applied to a skull which is characterized by both
dolichocephalia and chamecephaly.

dolichocnemic, dolichoknemic {dol-ik-o-ne'-mik)
[dolicho-; xviipri, a leg]. Having the lower leg of
almost the same length as that of the thigh.

dolichoderus (dol-ik-od'-er-us) [dolicho-; Sepy, the
neck]. Having the neck long.

dolichoeuromesocephalus (dol-ik-o-u-ro-mez-o-sef-
al-us) [dolicho-; ebpbs, broad; fikaos, middle; Ke<pa\rj,
head]. Having a dolichocephalic skull which is
broad in the temporal region.

dolichoeuroopisthocephalus (dol-ik-o-u-ro-o-pis-tho-
sef'-al-us) [dolicho-; ebpvs, broad; dwiade, behind;
K&paKri, the head]. Having a dolichocephalic skull,
broad in the occipital region.

dolichoeuroprocephalus (dol-ik-o-u-ro-pro-sef'-al-us)
[dolicho-; evpOs, broad; irpb, before; K&paXri, the
head]. Having a dolichocephalic skull very broad
in the frontal region.

dolichofacial (dol-ik-o-fa'-shal). With a long face.

dolichohieric (dol-ik-o-hi-er'-ik) [dolicho-; Upbv,
sacrum]. Having a relatively slender sacrum. See
platyhieric.

dolichokerkic (dol-ik-o-kerk'-ik) [dolicho-; /cepm, a
shuttle]. Having the angle which is formed by the
crest of the scapula with its spinal border over 80
degrees.

dolicholeptocephalus (dol-ik-o-lep-to-sef'-al-us) [dol-
icho-; leptocephalus]. Having a skull both dolicho-
cephalic and leptocephalic.

dolichopellic (dol-ik-o-pel'-ik) [dolicho-; TreXis, a
bowl]. Having a relatively long or narrow pelvis.
See platypellic.

dolichopelvic (dol-ik-o-pel'-vik). Same as dolicho-
pellic.

dolichoplatycephalus (dol-ik-o-plat-e-sef'-al-us) [dol-
icho-; platycephalus]. Having the skull both long
and flat.

dolichorrhine (dol'-ik-or-en) [dolicho-; pis, the
nose]. Long-nosed.

dolichos. Same as mucuna.

dolichouranic (dol-ik-o-u-ran'-ik) [dolicho-; ovpavos,
the palate]. Having a long alveolar arch. Cf.
brachyuranic; measuranic.

dolioform {dol'-e-o-form) [dolium, a cask; forma,
form]. Cask-shaped.

doll's-head anesthesia. Anesthesia of the head,
neck, and chest.

dolomol (dol'-o-mol). Stearate of calcium and
magnesium; it is used as a ba'se for dusting-powders,
etc.

dolor (do'-lor) [dolere, to feel pain]. Bodily or
mental pain or suffering.

dolorosus (do-lor-o'-sus) [L.]. Full of pain.

domatophobia (do-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [8<bfj.a, house;
<t>6f}os, fear]. Insane dread of being in a house; a
variety of claustrophobia.

dominus morborum (dom'-in-us mor-bor'-um) [L.].
The lord of diseases; gout.

donda ndugu [African]. Brother ulcer; a disease
common on the east coast of Africa, due to some
organism that infests stagnant water. It affects
especially the leg, which becomes inflamed and swollen
and sloughs below the healthy tissue.

Donders'' glaucoma (don'-derz) [Franz Cornelius
Donders, Dutch ophthalmologist, 1818-1880]. Simple
atrophic glaucoma. D.'s law, the rotation of the
eyeball about the line of sight is involuntary, and
when the eyes are fixed on a distant object, the
amount of rotation is determined solely by the angu-
lar distance of that object from the horizon and
from the median plane. D., reduced eye of, a repre-
sentation of the eye in such a way that all the dis-
tances needed in the calculations are represented by
whole numbers. D.'s rings, rainbow-colored rings
seen in cases of glaucoma and by normal and catarac-
tous eyes when the pupil is dilated. They are
attributed to the diffraction of light by the cortex
of the crystalline lens. D.'s schema, an arrangement
of the dead thorax with manometers to gage the
pressure.

Donne's corpuscles (don-na') [Alfred Donni,
French physician, 1801-1878]. 1. The colostrum cor-
puscles. 2. See Bizzozero's blood-platelets. D.'s test
for pus, into the mass to be tested stir a small piece
of caustic potash. The mass will be converted into a
tough, slimy material if pus is present.

Donovan's solution (don'-ov-an) [Edward Don-
ovan, English druggist, 1708-1837]. A solution of
mercuric iodide and arsenic iodide, one per cent, of
each.

dope (ddp). A slang term for any drug, particu-
larly a narcotic drug.

dormiol (dor'-me-ol). The commercial name for
amylene chloral; recommended as a soporific. Dose
71-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.).

dormitio (dor-mish'-e-o) [L.]. 1. Sleep. 2. A se-
dative said to consist of dilute alcohol, oil of anise,
extract of lettuce, and sugar.

dorsad (dor'-sad) [dorsum; ad, toward]. Toward
the dorsal aspect.

dorsal (dor'-sal) [dorsum]. Pertaining to the back
or to the posterior part of an organ, d. artery.
See under artery, d. decubitus, recumbency in the
supine position, d. nerves, the spinal nerves coming
through the intervertebral foramina of the dorsal
vertebra?, d. reflex. See under reflexes.

dorsalgia {dor-sal' -je-ah) [dorsum; SXyos, pain].
Pain in the back.

dorsalis (dor-sa'-lis) [dorsum, the back]. See
arteries, muscles, nerves, veins, tables of.

dorsalis pedis (dor-sa'-lis pe'-dis). See under
artery.

dorsen (dor'-sen) [dorsum, the back]. Belonging
to the dorsum in itself.

dorsi- (dor-si-). The same as dor so-.

dorsicolumn (dor-se-kol'-um) [dorsi-; columna, a
column]. The dorsal column of the spinal cord.

dorsicommissura (dor-se-kom-is-u'-rah) [dorsi-;
commissure]. Wilder's name for the gray com-
missure of the spinal cord.

dorsicornu (dor-sik-or'-nu). The posterior cornu
of the spinal cord.

dorsicumbent (dor-se-kum'-bent) [dorsi-; cubare, to
lie down]. Supine, or lying on the back.

DORSIDUCTION

302

DOWEL

dorsiduction (dor-se-duk'-shun) [dorsi-; ducere, to
lead]. The act of moving toward the back.

dorsiflexion (dor-se-flek'-shun) [dorsi-; flectere, to
bend]. A flexion, as of toes, toward the back.

dorsimesad (dor-si-me'-sad) [dorsi-; ukaov, the
middle]. Toward the dorsimeson.

dorsimesal (dor-si-me'-sal) [dorsi-; fteaov, the
middle]. Pertaining to the dorsimeson.

dorsimeson (dor-si-me'-son) [dorsi-; (ik<rov, the
middle]. The dorsal edge of the meson or median
plane of the body. The dorsal, mesal, or median
line. Cf. ventrimeson.

dorsiscapular (dor-si-skap'-u-lar) [dorsi-; scapula,
the shoulder]. Relating to the dorsum of the
scapula.

dorsispinal (dor-se-spi'-nal) [dorsi-; spina, spine].
Relating to the back and the spinal column.

dorsiventral (dor-se-ven'-tral) . See dorsoabdominal.

dorso- (dor-so-) [dorsum]. A prefix used to signify
pertaining to the back.

dorsoabdominal (dor-so-ab-dom'-in-al) [dorso-; ab-
domen]. Relating to both the dorsal and the ab-
dominal region; extending from the back to the
abdomen. Syn., dorsiventral.

dorsoacromial (dor-so-ak-ro'-me-al). Relating to
the back and the acromion.

dorsoanterior (dor-so-an-te'-re-or). Applied to a
fetus having its back toward the ventral aspect of
the mother.

dorsocephalad (dor-so-sef'-al-ad) [dorso-; Ke<pa\ri,
head]. Toward the dorsal aspect of the head.

dorsocervical (dor-so-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the
back and the neck.

dorsocostal (dor-so-kos'-tal) . Relating to the back
and the ribs.

dorsodynia (dor-so-din'-e-ah) [dorso-; 68vvq, pain].
Omodynia; scapulodynia; pain in the dorsal region;
rheumatism of the muscles of the shoulders and
upper part of the back.

dorsohumeral (dor-so-hu'-mur-al). Relating to the
back and the humerus.

dorsointercostal (dor-so-in-tur-kos'-tal). Relating
to the back and the intercostal spaces.

dorsointerosseal, dorsointerosseous (dor-so-in-ter-
os'-e-al, -us). Located between the metacarpal or
metatarsal bones and on the back of the hand or foot.

dorsointestinal (dor-so-in-test'-in-al). Situated
upon the dorsal aspect of the intestine.

dorsolateral {dor-so-lat'-er-al). Relating to the
back and the sides.

dorsolumbar (dor-so-lum'-bar) [dorso-; lumbus,
loin]. Relating to the back and the loins.

dorsomedian (dor-so-me'-de-an). Situated in or
relating to the middle region of the back.

dorsonasal {dor-so-na'-sal). Relating to the back
of the nose.

dorsoposterior (dor-so-pos-te'-re-or). Applied to
the position of a fetus having its back toward the
dorsal aspect of the mother.

dorsoradial (dor-so-ra'-de-al). Relating to or
situated upon the dorsal aspect and radial border of
the hand, finger, or arm.

dorsosacral (dor-so-sak'-sal). Relating to the back
and the sacrum.

dorsothoracic (dor-so-tko-ras'-ik) [dorso-; thorax].
Relating to the back and the thorax.

dorsoulnar (dor-so-ul'-nar). Relating to or situ-
ated upon the dorsal aspect and ulnar border of the
arm, hand, or finger.

dorsoventrad (dor-so-ven'-trad) [dorso-; venter,
belly]. In a direction from back to front.

dorsoventral (dor-so-vent'-ral) . See dorsoabdominal.

dorsum (dor' -sum) [L.]. i. The back. 2. Any
part corresponding to the back, as the dorsum of the
foot, hand, tongue, penis, etc.

dosage (do'-saj) [dose]. The determination of the
proper amount of a medicine or other agent for a given
case or condition, d., electrical, the regulation of
the strength of an electric current for therapeutic
purposes.

dose (dos) [56<m, a portion given]. The measured
portion of medicine to be taken at one time, d.,
divided, a relatively small quantity of a drug taken
at short intervals, d., lethal, a dose sufficient to kill.
d., maximum, the largest dose consistent with safety.
d., minimum, the smallest quantity of a medicine that
will produce physiological effects.

dosimeter (do-sim'-et-er) [56<ns, a dose; ukrpov, a
measure]. A drop-meter; an instrument for measur-
ing minute quantities of a liquid.

dosimetric (do-sim-et'-rik) [see dosimetry]. Relat-
ing to or characterized by dosimetry.

dosimetry (do-sim'-et-re) [dose; ukrpov, a measure].
1. The dosimetric system; the accurate and syste-
matic measurement of medicinal doses. 2. The
system of treatment which consists in the use of
granules containing a definite quantity of the active
principles of drugs.

dosis (do' -sis). See dose.

dossil (dos'-il) [ME., dosil, a spigot], A cylindric
pledget of lint for cleansing wounds.

dotage (dot'-ag). Feebleness of mind; senility.

dothienenteritis, dothinenteritis (doth-e-en-en-ter-
i'-tis, doth-in-en-ter-i'-tis) [dodiyp, a boil; ivrepov,
bowel; ins, inflammation]. Enteric or typhoid
fever; inflammation of Peyer's patches.

double (dub' -I). Twofold; in pairs, d. conscious-
ness. See consciousness, d. hearing. See dipla-
cusis. d., touch, investigation with a thumb in one
cavity and the index-finger in another, d. uterus,
dihysteria. d. vision, the seeing of a single object
double; diplopia.

doublet (dub' -lei). In optics, a system consisting
of two lenses.

doubly (dub'-le). In a two-fold manner, d.
contoured, in microscopy, an object is doubly con-
toured when it is bounded by two, usually parallel,
dark lines with a lighter band between them.

douche (doosh) [Fr.]. 1. A stream of water
directed against a part, or one used to flush a cavity
of the body. 2. An apparatus for directing a jet of
water or other substance against a part, d., air-,
a current of air directed against some organ for
therapeutic purposes, d., alternating, a hot and cold
current applied in succession, d., capillary. See
aquapuncture. d., Charcot, a cold daily spinal
douche, d., galvanic, a precision douche by means
of which the faradic or galvanic current can be
communicated to the douching current; especially
effective in gastralgia and enteralgia. d., hot-air
the use of a blast of heated air as a method of treat
ment, especially in gouty rheumatism and neuralgic
conditions, d., mobile, one applied successively to
different regions of the body, d., precision, one by
which fluid of any desired temperature can be applied
under any desired pressure, d., rain-, a shower-
bath, d., Scotch, d., Scottish, one of alternating
temperature, d., sheet-, one in which a sheet of
water is directed through a slit, d., transitional.
See d., alternating, and d., Scotch.

Douglas' crescentic fold (dug'-las) [James Douglas,
Scotch anatomist, 1675-1742]. The lower border
of the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis.
D.'s culdesac, D.'s pouch, a pouch between the
anterior wall of the rectum and the posterior wall of
the uterus, formed by the reflection of the peri-
toneum. D.'s ligaments, the rectouterine folds of
the peritoneum. D., line of, the curved lower edge
of the internal layer of the aponeurosis of the internal
oblique muscle of the abdomen, where it ceases to
cover the posterior surface of the rectus muscle.
D.'s semilunar fold, a thin curved margin that
forms the lower part of the posterior wall of the
sheath of the abdominal rectus muscle. D.'s septum,
in the fetus the septum formed by the union of
Rathke's folds and transforming the rectum into a
complete canal.

douglasitis (dug-las-i'-tis). Inflammation of Doug-
las' pouch.

doundake (doon-dak-a) [Fr.]. The Guinea peach,
Sarcocephalus esculentus, yielding a tonic, febrifuge,
and astringent bark. Dose of the wine (3 %) 1-2
oz. (30-60 Cc); of the extract 2^-3 gr. (0.16-0.2 Gm.);
of the bark 50-60 gr. (3.2-3.8 Gm.); of the aqueous
extract 3-4 min. (0.2-0.25 Cc).

doundakine (doon-dak-en) . An alkaloid from
doundake; a substitute for quinine. Dose 3-4 gr.
(0.2-0.25 Gm.).

dourine (doo'-ren). A contagious venereal disease -
of horses, the prominent signs and symptoms con-
sisting in inflammation of the genital organs and
lymph glands, and paralysis of the hind legs. The
exciting cause is believed to be the Trypanosoma
equiperdum. Syn.: Mai de edit.

Dover's powder (do'-ver) [Thomas Dover, English
physician, 1660-1742]. A powder containing 10 %
each of opium and ipecac.

dowel (dow'-el) [Fr., douille, a socket]. In den-
tistry, the piece of wood or metal uniting any arti-
ficial crown to the root of a natural tooth.

DOWIEISM

303

DROPSY

Dowieism (dow'-e-izm). A form of faith-cure
propagated in America by a charlatan named Dowie
(1899).

Doyere's eminence, D.'s hillock, D.'s papilla,
D.'s tuft (doy-yar') [Louis Doyere, French physiolo-
gist, 1811-1863]. The slight elevation in a muscu-
lar fiber corresponding to the entrance of a nerve-
fiber.

D. P. Abbreviation for Doctor of Pharmacy.

D. P. H* i. Abbreviation for Diploma in Public
Health. 2. Abbreviation for Doctor of Public Health.

D. R. Abbreviation of reaction of degeneration.

Dracaena (dra-se'-nali). A genus of liliaceous trees.
D. cinnabari and D. schizantha of eastern Africa, and
D. draco of western Africa, afford part of the dragon's-
blood of commerce.

drachm {dram). See dram.

dracontiasis (dra-kon-ti'-as-is) [dracunculus]. The
skin disease caused by dracunculus medinensis.

dracontium (dra-kon'-she-um) [8paxwv, a dragon].
Skunk-cabbage.

Dracunculus (dra-kun'-ku-ltcs) [dim. of Speucwv, a
dragon; a serpent]. A genus of threadworms
belonging to the family Filariidce. D. medinensis.
See Filaria medinensis.

draft (draft). See draught.

dragee (drah-zhd') [Fr.]. A sugar-coated pill,
bolus, or comfit; a sugared confection.

Dragendorff's test for bile-pigments (drag'-en-
dorf) [Johann Georg Noel Dragendorff, German
chemist, 1836-1898]. Spread a few drops of the
urine on an unglazed porcelain surface, and after
absorption has taken place add a drop or two of
nitric acid. If bile is present, several rings of color
will be produced, the green ring, which is character-
istic of bile-pigments, being chief among them.

dragonneau (drag-on-o1). The Filaria medinensis.

dragon's-blood (drag'-onz-blud). 1. The astrin-
gent resin of Calamus ratang and C. draco, East
Indian ratan-palms. 2. The resin of various species
of Dracaena. 3. The resin of Pterocarpus draco, a
West Indian tree. The various kinds of dragon's-
blood are astringent, but are no longer used internally.

drain (drdn) [ME., drainen, to drain]. A material
that affords a channel of exit for the discharge from
a wound or cavity, d., cigarette, a drain made of a
strip of gauze surrounded by rubber dam or gutta-
percha.

drainage (dran'-aj) [drain]. The method of effec-
ting the exit of the discharges from a wound or
cavities by means of tubes or strands of fibers or by
a free incision, d., capillary, that by means of capil-
lary attraction, using loosely woven cloth, thread
wisps of hair, etc. d., funnel, that effected by means
of glass funnels, d., through-, drainage accom-
plished by means of counteropenings and the passage
of a tube completely through the part to be drained,
so that a cleansing fluid may be injected through one
opening and allowed to escape by the counteropening.
d.-tube, a rubber or glass tube with perforations for
draining wounds or cavities.

dram, drachm (dram) [Spaxvv, a Greek weight].
The eighth part of the apothecaries' ounce, equal to
60 grains or 3.9 grams. A1so the sixteenth part of
the avoirdupois ounce, equal to 27.34 grains, d.,
fluid-, the eighth part of a fluid ounce.

dramatism (dram'-at-izm) [drama]. Insanely stilt-
ed and lofty speech or behavior.

drapetomania (drap-et-o-ma'-ne-ah) [dpaire-nis, a
runaway; pavla, madness]. A morbid desire to
wander from home.

drastic (dras'-tik) [5pav, to act]. 1. Severe; harsh;
powerful. 2. A powerful and irritating purgative.

draught (draft) [AS., dragan, to draw]. A quantity
of liquid drunk at one gulp, d., black, compound
infusion of senna, d., effervescing, one containing
sodium or potassium bicarbonate and a vegetable
acid.

draw. To digest and cause to discharge; said of a
poultice. In dentistry, to remove a tooth from its
socket. In andrology, to remove the urine from the
bladder by means of a catheter.

dream (dr em). 1. An involuntary series of images,
emotions, and thoughts presented to the mind during
sleep. 2. To be conscious of such manifestations.
d., waking, an illusion or hallucination, d., wet, a
term given to the emission of semen during sleep.

dreamy (dre'-me). Full of dreams, d. state, a
common psychic aura of epilepsy in which the
patient experiences a sensation of strangeness or

sometimes of terror. It may be associated with
flashes of light or auditory aurae.

Drechsel's test for bile acids (drek'-sel) [Edmund
Drechsel, Swiss chemist, 1843-1897]. A beautiful
red color is produced if bile acids are present in a
substance treated with a little cane-sugar and a few
drops of a mixture composed of 5 parts of syrupy
phosphoric acid and 1 part water, and warmed on a
water-bath.

drench. In veterinary practice, a draught of
medicine.

drepanidium (drep-an-id'-e-um) [Speirav-q, a sickle].
The sickle-shaped young of certain protozoa, d.
ranarum, a (probably) parasitic cytozoon of frogs,
blood.

dresser (dres'-er). An attendant (in English
hospital, usually a medical student) whose special
duty is to dress and bandage wounds, and attend
to other ward work.

dressing (dres'-ing) [ME., dressen, to make
straight j. 1. The application of various materials
for protecting a wound and favoring its healing. 2.
The material so applied.

Dressler's disease. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria.

drill. A surgical instrument used in perforating
bones, calculi, or teeth, d.-bone, a flat osteoma.
d.-bow, a bow and string for rotating a drill-stock,
effected by passing the string around it, and moving
it backward and forward, d.-stock, an instrument
for holding and turning a drill, either by the thumb
and finger or by a handle.

drink. To swallow a liquid. The liquid that is
swallowed. A draught.

drivelling (driv'-el-ing). 1. An involuntary flow
of the saliva, as in old age, infancy idiocy, and
mental stupor. 2. Senile weakness of mind.

dromograph (drom'-o-graf) [Spo^os, a course;
ypcupeiv, to write]. An instrument for registering the
velocity of the blood-current.

dromomania (dro-mo-ma'-ne-ah) [dpdfios, a course;
p.avla, madness]. An insane desire to wander;
vagabondage.

dromotropic (dro-mo-tro'-pik) [Sponos, a course;
rpk-Ktiv, to turn]. Applied by T. W. Englemann to a
supposed set of fibers in the cardiac nerves which he
holds influences the power of conducting the con-
traction. Cf. bathmotropic; inotropic.

drop [AS., dropa], 1. A minute mass of liquid
which in falling or in hanging from a surface assumes
the spherical form. 2. The falling of a part.as from,
paralysis, d., ague, Fowler's solution, d., black
acetum opii. See opium, vinegar of. d.-culture,
in bacteriology, a culture prepared by placing a little
of the infected material in a drop of the culture-
medium, d., wrist-. See under wrist.

dropped (dropt'). In a condition of ptosis, d.
foot, extreme extension of the foot, especially ob-
served in alcoholic neuritis, and dependent upon
weakness of the flexors of the foot. d. hand, a form
of paralysis from lead-poisoning, consisting in the
inability to contract the extensors of the wrist.
d. lid, ptosis of the upper lid. d. wrist. Same as
d. hand.

dropper (drop'-er). A bottle, tube, or pipet, fitted
for the emission of a liquid drop by drop. See
stopper-dropper.

dropsical (drop'-sik-aV) [dropsy]. Affected with or
pertaining to dropsy.

dropsy (drop'-se) [vSpw^, dropsy]. An infiltration
of the tissues with diluted lymph, or the collection
of such lymph in the body-cavities, d., abdominal,
ascites, d., acute, dropsy due to congestion of the
kidneys from sudden exposure to cold. Syn., active
dropsy; febrile dropsy; plethoric dropsy, d. of belly,
ascites, d. of brain, hydrocephalus, d., cachectic,
that occurring in cachexia; it is due to decrease of the
albuminous constituents of the blood and an increase
of the watery constituents, d., cardiac, that due to
failure of compensation in cardiac disease, d. of
chest, hydrothorax. d., encysted. See ascites
saccatus. d., false, a retention cyst. d. of the gall-
bladder, dilatation of the gall-bladder with the secre-
tion of the mucous glands and with epithelium: a very
unusual condition due to obliteration of the cystic
duct, d., general. 1. Dropsy of one or more of the
large serous sacs of the body combined with anasarca.
2. Superficial dropsy when it affects the trunk and
arms as well as the legs, d., glandular, that due to
disease of the lymphatics, d., lymphatic, infiltration
of the tissues with lymph caused by obstruction of the

DROSERA

304

DUCT

lymphatics, d., mechanical, that due to mechanical
obstruction of the veins or lymphatics, d., passive.
I. That due to obstruction of the veins or lymphatics
or to defective absorption. 2. See d., cachectic.
d. of pericardium, hydropericardium. d. of peri-
toneum, ascites, d., renal. 1. Anasarca due to
disease of the kidneys. 2. Hydronephrosis, d.,
symptomatic, that said to be induced when there is
6 % of albumin in the blood with a simultaneous
increase of arterial pressure.

drosera (dro'-ser-ah) [ppoaepbs, covered with dew].
Sundew. D. rotundifolia and D. longifolia have
been used in pulmonary tuberculosis. It is an anti-
spasmodic, and is used in whooping-cough and other
spasmodic coughs.

droserin (dros'-er-in) [Spoaepos, dewy]. A ferment
resembling pepsin and found in the digestive secre-
tions of most of the insectivorous plants.

drown. To deprive of life by immersion in a fluid.

drowsy (drow'-ze). Inclined to sleep; sleepy.

drug [Fr., drogue]. A substance used as a medi-
cine, d., antagonistic, one that neutralizes the
action of another.

drum [ME., drumme]. The tympanum. See
under ear.

drumhead (drum'-hed). The tympanic membrane.

drummers' palsy {drum'-erz pawl'-ze). A form of
occupation-neurosis, dependent upon the con-
strained attitude of the hand in beating a drum.

Drummond's sign (drum'-und) [David Drummond,
English physician, 19th century]. The "oral whiff"
heard when the mouth is closed; it disappears on
compression of the nostrils; it is observed in cases of
aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.

drumstick (drum'-stik). A stick terminating in a
knob. The word is used to describe certain microbes,
clubbed organs, etc. d. bacillus, Bacillus putrificus
coli.

drunkenness {drunk' -en-nes). Acute or habitual
alcoholic intoxication. See alcoholism, dipsomania,
inebriety.

druse (driis) [Ger.]. A rupture of tissues with no
surface-lesion.

dry (dri) [AS., dryge]. Free from moisture.
d. amputation, amputation without hemorrhage.
d.-cupping, cupping without incising the skin.
d. gangrene. See gangrene, dry. d. labor, one in
which there is but a slight discharge of liquor amnii.
d. pleurisy, pleurisy without effusion, d. wine, a
wine containing little or no sugar.

Drysdale's corpuscles {driz'-dal) [Thomas Murray
Drysdale, American gynecologist, 1 831-1904]. Gran-
ular cells, non-nucleated and of varying sizes, which
were regarded by Drysdale as peculiar to ovarian
fluid.

D. S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Science.

D. Sc. Abbreviation for Doctor of Science.

D. S. M. Abbreviation for Diploma in State
Medicine.

D. S. S. Abbreviation for Diploma in Sanitary
Science.

D. S. Sc. Abbreviation for Diploma in Sanitary
Science.

D.t. Abbreviation of duration tetany.

D. T. M. Abbreviation for Diploma in Tropical
Medicine.

D. T. M. and H. Abbreviation for Diploma in
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Duane's clinometer {doo-dn') [Alexander Duane,
American ophthalmologist, 1858- ]. A device
for estimating torsional deviations of the eye, and
also used in the study of metamorphopsia. D.'s
test, a candle having been placed in front of the
person to be examined, a screen is held before one
eye for a time and then suddenly transferred to the
other side. The existence of deviation in the first
eye is recognized by a sudden apparent displace-
ment of the candle-flame in the direction opposite
to that in which the eye has deviated.

Dubini's disease (doo-be'-ne) [Angelo Dubini,
Italian physician, 19th century]. Rapid rhythmic
contractions of one or more groups of muscles,
beginning in a finger, an extremity, or a half of the
face, and extending over the greater part or the
whole of the body. They are generally followed by
palsies and often by coma and death. The affection
has been observed thus far only in Italy. Syn.,
electric chorea; spasmus Dubini.

Dublin method of expressing the placenta. A
better name for the Crede method (q. v.), as it was

practised in the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin long
before the time of Crede.

Dubois' abscess, D.'s disease. The presence of
multiple necrotic foci in the thymus glands of infants
affected with hereditary syphilis.

DuBois-Reymond's inductorium [Emil DuBois-
Reymond, Berlin physiologist, 1818-1896]. An in-
duction apparatus with a primary and secondary
coil in which the primary current is never opened,
it being short-circuited. It is used in physiological
laboratories. D.-R.'s key, an electric switch by
means of which the circuit may be closed or the cur-
rent short-circuited. Syn., tetanizing key. D.-R.'s
law, it is not the absolute value of current density
at a given moment that acts as a stimulus to a muscle
or motor nerve, but the variation of density.

duboisine (du-bois'-en), C17H23NO3. An alkaloid
from Duboisia myoporoides, a tall shrub of Australia
identical with hyoscyamine. It is used as a mydri-
atic; also as a hypnotic and sedative in epilepsy.
Dose 5V-3V gr. (0.0008-0.002 Gm.). Antidotes:
emetics, pilocarpine, muscarine, d. hydrobromide,
dose and uses the same as duboisine. d. hydrochloride,
usage and dose as duboisine. d. salicylate, used as a
mydriatic in 0.2 to 0.8 % solution, d. sulphate,
used as a mydriatic in aqueous solution — TV gr. to 1
oz. of water (0.005 Gm. to 30 Cc).

Duchenne's attitude {doo-shen') [Guillaume Benja-
min Amant Duchenne, French 1 neurologist, 1806-
1875]. In paralysis of the trapezius the shoulder
droops; the shoulder-blade seesaws so that its internal
edge, instead of being parallel to the vertebral column,
becomes oblique from top to bottom and from
without in. D.'s disease, tabes dorsalis. D.'s
paralysis, progressive muscular dystrophy with
pseudohypertrophy. D.'s sign, sinking-in of the
epigastrium during inspiration in cases of marked
hydropericardium or impaired movement of the
diaphragm from pressure or paralysis. D.'s syn-
drome, labioglossolaryngeal paralysis.

Duchenne-Aran's disease. See Aran- Duchenne's
disease.

Duchenne-Erb's paralysis. See Erb's paralysis.

Duchenne-Landouzy's type of progressive muscu-
lar atrophy. See Landouzy-Dejerine's type of pro-
gressive muscular atrophy.

Duckworth's syndrome [Sir Dyce Duckworth,
English physician, 1840- ]. Complete stoppage
of respiration several hours before that of the heart
in certain cerebral diseases attended by intracranial
pressure.

Ducrey's bacillus (doo-kra') [Augusto Ducrey,
Italian physician, 19th century], A small oval
bacillus occurring in chains, the pathogenic agent in
chancroid.

duct (dukt) [ducere, to lead]. A tube or channel,
especially one for conveying the secretions of a
gland, d., alimentary. See d., thoracic, d. of
Bartholin. See under Bartholin, d., Blasius'. See
d. of Stenson. d., common bile-, a duct formed by
the union of the cystic and hepatic ducts, d.,
Cowperian, the efferent duct of Cowper's gland.
d.s of Cuvier. See under Cuvier. d., cystic, the
excretory duct of the gall-bladder, d., ejaculatory,
a duct formed by the union of the vas deferens and
the duct of the seminal vesicle and carrying the
semen into the urethra, d., endolymphatic, a tubular
process of the membranous labyrinth of the ear,
passing through the aqueduct of the vestibule into
the cranial cavity, where it terminates below the
dura mater in a blind enlargement, the sacculus
endolymphaticus. d., galactophorous, one of the
milk-ducts of the mammary gland, d., Gartner's.
See Gartner's canal, d., hepatic, a duct formed at
the margin of the transverse fissure of the liver by the
junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, d.,
lacrimal. See d., nasal, d., lactiferous. See d.,
galactophorous. d., lymphatic, right, the vessel that
receives the lymph from the lymphatics of the right
arm, the right side of the head and neck, the chest,
lung, and right side of the heart, and also from the
upper surface of the liver. It terminates at the
junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular
veins, d.s of Miiller. See under Miiller. d., nasal,
the duct that conveys the tears from the lacrimal
sac into the inferior meatus of the nose, d., omphalo-
mesenteric. See d., vitelline, d., pancreatic, one
that extends from the pancreas to the duodenum
at the point where the common bile-duct enters the
bowel, d., pancreatic, accessory, the excretory duct

DUCTILE

305

DUODENOSTOMY

of the lesser pancreas, opening into the pancreatic
duct or into the duodenum, close to the orifice of
the common bile-duct, d., parotid, that conveying
the secretion of the parotid gland into the mouth.
d., prostatic, any one of the ducts conveying the
secretion of the prostate into the urethra, d.,
Rathke's. See under Rathke. d., Reichel's cloacal.
See under Reichel. d. of Rivini. See under Rivini.
d., salivary, a duct of any salivary gland. See
Wharton's duct, Stenson's duct, and d., sublingual.
d., salivary, inferior, Wharton's duct, d., salivary,
superior, Stenson's duct, d.s, Schueller's. See
under Schueller. d., segmental, a tube, on each
side of the body of the embryo, situated between
the visceral and parietal layers of the mesoblast,
opening anteriorly into the body-cavity and poster-
iorly into the cloaca, d., spermatic, the vas deferens.
d. of Steno. See Stenson's duct. d. of Stenson, the
duct of the parotid gland, d., sublingual. See
Bartholin's duct and Rivini's duct, d., thoracic, a
duct 1 8 to 20 inches long, beginning in the receptacu-
lum chyli, passing upward, and emptying into the
left subclavian vein at its junction with the left
internal jugular vein. It receives all the lymph and
chyle not received by the right lymphatic duct.
d., umbilical. See d., vitelline, d., urogenital, one
that receives the urine and genital products, d.,
vitelline, the duct from the umbilical vesicle of the
embryo to intestine, d.s, Walther's. See under
Walther. d. of Wharton. See under Wharton.
d. of Wirsung. See under Wirsung. d., Wolffian.
See under Wolffian.

ductile (duk'-til) [duct]. Capable of being drawn
out thin, as a wire or thread.

duction (duk'-shuri) [duct]. A colloquialism used
to represent one or more of the terms abduction,
adduction, or sursumduction.

ductless glands. The spleen, thyroid, parathyroid,
and thymus glands, suprarenal capsules, carotid
and coccygeal glands, pineal and pituitary bodies,
which have no excretory duct. Endocrine g. q. v.

ductor (duk(-tor) [ducere, to lead]. A surgical
instrument used as a guide or in making traction.

ductule (duk'-tul) [ductulus, a small duct]. A
small duct.

ductulus (duk'-tu-lus) [L.]. A small duct. d.
aberrans, vas aberrans. d. alveolaris, a terminal
bronchiole, d. eff erens testis,pne of the seminal ducts.
d. rectus, one of the straight tubules of the testis.

ductus {duk'-tus) [L.; pi., ducti], A canal or duct.
d. arteriosus, a short vessel in the fetus connecting
the pulmonary artery with the aorta, d. auditorius,
d. cochlearis, the scala media of the cochlea, d.
choledochus, the bile duct. d. Cuvieri. See Cuvier,
ducts of. d. deferens, the vas deferens, d. lingualis,
the persistent remains, in the adult, of the upper
portion of the embryonal ductus thyreoglossus.
d. nasofrontalis, one between the frontal sinus and
middle meatus of nose. d. pancreaticus azygos,
the accessory pancreatic duct. d. pancreaticus minor,
d. pancreaticus recurrens, d. pancreaticus Santorini,
d. pancreaticus secondarius, d. pancreaticus superior.
See duct, pancreatic, accessory, ducti papillares, the
uriniferous tubules, d. perilymphaticus, the aqueduct
of the cochlea, d. Rosenthafianus, the accessory pan-
creatic duct, ducti seminales, ducti seminiferi, the
seminiferous tubules, d. thyreoglossus, a small duct
connecting the primitive thyroid gland with the upper
surface of the tongue, d. thyroideus, the persistent
remains, in the adult, of the lower portion of the
embryonal ductus thyreoglossus. d. venosus, a
branch of the umbilical vein in the fetus which
empties directly into the ascending vena cava.

Duddell's membrane. See Descemet's membrane.

Dudley's operation (dud'-le) [Emilius Clark
Dudley, American gynecologist, 1850- ]. For
retroversion of the uterus: the abdomen is opened, and
a strip is denuded from the anterior surface of the
uterus, and likewise a strip along the inner side of
each round ligament, followed by suturing of the
three together.

Dugas' test (doo'-gas) [Louis Alexander Dugas,
American surgeon, 1806-1884]. In dislocation of the
shoulder-joint the elbow cannot be made to touch
the side of the chest when the hand of the affected
side is placed on the opposite shoulder.

Duhring's disease (doo'-ring) [Louis Adolphus
Duhring, American dermatologist, 1845- ]. Der-
matitis herpetiformis. D.'s pruritus, pruritus
hiemalis.

duipara (du-ip'-ar-ah) [duo, two; parere, to bring
forth]. A woman pregnant for the second time.

Dukes' disease (dicks) [Clement Dukes, English
physician, 19th century]. See disease, fourth.

dulcamara (dul-kam-a'-ra) [dulcis, sweet; amarus,
bitter]. Bittersweet. The young branches of
Solanum dulcamara, containing an alkaloid, solanine.
In overdoses it causes nausea, emesis, and convulsive
muscular movements, and in toxic doses it is a nar-
cotic poison. It is employed in psoriasis and similar
skin diseases. Dose of the fluidextract 30 min.-i dr.
(2-4 Cc). .

dulcamarin (dul-kam-a' -riri) [dulcamara], C22H34O10.
A yellow, amorphous glucoside found in dulcamara,
with a sweetish-bitter taste, sparingly soluble in
water, freely so in alcohol and acetic acid, insoluble
in ether and in chloroform.

dulcify (dul'-sif-i). To render sweet.

dulcin (dul'-sin), C9H12N2O2. A toxic substance
200 times sweeter than cane-sugar, obtained from
paraphenetidin by action of potassium cyanate.
It is used as a sweetening medium. Syn., paraethoxy-
phenylurea; paraphenetol-carbamide ; sucrol; valzin.

dulcite, dulcitol (dul'-sit, dul'-sit-ol) [dulcis, sweet],
C6H14O6. Sugar from Melampyrum nemorosum and
other plants.

dulcose (dul'-kos). Dulcitol.

dull (dul). 1. Slow of perception. 2. Not resonant
on percussion. 3. Not bright in appearance. 4. Not
sharp; blunt.

dullness, dulness (dul'-nes). The quality of being
dull, in any sense; lack of resonance on percussion.
d. wooden, a percussion note sounding as if given
out from wood.

dumb (dum). Unable to utter articulate speech.
d. ague, a popular term for ague or malaria marked
by obscure symptoms, d.-bell crystals, crystals of
calcium oxalate, sometimes seen in the urine.

dumbness (dum'-nes). Inability to utter articu-
late speech.

dumdum fever [Dum Dum, a town in India].
Same as kala-azar, q. v.

Dumontpallier's test for bile-pigments. See
Smith's reaction.

Dunbar's serum (dun-bar') [William Philipps
Dunbar, American physician 1863— ]. Pollantin.

Duncan Bird's sign. See Bird's sign.

Duncan's folds [James Matthews Duncan, English
gynecologist, 1826-1890]. The folds of the loose
peritoneal covering of the uterus seen immediately
after delivery. D.'s position of the placenta, the
on presenting itself at the os uteri for expulsion. D.'s
ventricle, the fifth ventricle. Syn., sinus Duncanii.
marginal position generally assumed by the placenta

duodenal (du-o-de'-nal or du-od'-en-al) [duodenum].
Relating to the duodenum.

duodenectomy (du-o-de-nek' -to-me) [duodeno; eKTOfiri,
excision]. Excision of part or all of the duodenum.

duodenitis (du-o-den-i'-tis) [duodenum; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the duodenum.

duodeno- (du-od-en-o-) [duodenum], A prefix
meaning relating to the duodenum.

duodenocholangitis (du-o-de-no-ko-lan-ji'-tis). In-
flammation of the duodenum and the common bile-
duct.

duodenocholecystostomy (du-od-en-o-kol-e-sis-tos'-
to-me) [duodeno-; xo^. bile; cystostomy]. The forma-
tion of a fistula between the duodenum and gall-
bladder.

duodenocholedochotomy (du-od-en-o-ko-led-o-kof-
o-me). A modification of choledochotomy con-
sisting in incising the duodenum in order to reach the
gall-duct.

duodenocystostomy (du-od-en-o-sist-os' -to-me) [du-
odeno-; cystostomy]. The establishment of a com-
munication between the bladder and the duodenum.

duodenoenterostomy (du-od-en-o-en-ter-os' -to-me)
[duodeno-; enterostomy]. The formation of a fistula
between the duodenum and small intestine.

duodenogastric (du-od-en-o-gas'-trik). See gastro-
duodenal.

duodenojejunal (du-o-de-no-jej-u'-nal) [duodeno- ;
jejunum]. Pertaining to the duodenum and the
jejunum.

duodenorenal (du-o-de-no-re'-nal) [duodeno-; ren,
the kidney]. Relating to the duodenum and to the
kidney.

duodenostomy (du-od-en-os' -to-me) [duodeno- ; trrdfia,
a mouth]. The operation of forming an opening
into the duodenum through the abdominal walls.

DUODENOTOMY

306

DYNAMOGENY

duodenotomy (du-od-en-of -o-me) [duodeno-; rkfivw,
to cut]. Surgical incision of the duodenum.

duodenum (du-o-de'-num) [duodeni, twelve each;
so called because it is about 12 fingerbreadths long].
The first part of the small intestine beginning at the
pylorus. It is from 8 to 10 inches long, is the most
fixed part of the small intestine, consists of an
ascending, descending, and transverse portion, and
contains the openings of the pancreatic duct and the
common bile-ducts.

duotal (du'-o-tal). The commercial name for
guaiacol carbonate.

duotonal (du-o-to'-nal). Trade name for a combi-
nation of calcium and sodium glycerophosphates.

Duparque's method for detecting ascites (doo-
park'). When fluctuation is indistinct, the patient
is to be placed on one side for a few moments, so
that the whole quantity of fluid may gravitate to
the depending flank; then quickly turned upon the
back, when dulness and temporary fluctuation will
be found at the site of accumulation.

Duplay's bursitis (doo-play) [Emmanuel Simon
Duplay, French surgeon, 1836- ]. Subacromial
or subdeltoid bursitis. D.'s operation. 1. For epis-
padias: the urethra is formed at the expense of the
corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa instead of
by naps. 2. For hypospadias: it is performed in three
stages; (1) straightening of the penis and the forma-
tion of a meatus; (2) the formation of a canal from
the meatus to the hypospadial opening; (3) junction
of the old and new canals.

duplicature (du'-plik-a-chur) [duplicare, to double].
The reflection, or folding of a membrane upon itself.

duplicity (du-plis'-it-e) [duplicitas, doubleness].
The condition of being duplex or double.

Dupre's syndrome. Meningism; pseudomeningitis.

Dupuytren's contraction (doo-pwe-trari) [Guillaume
Dupuytren, French surgeon, 1778-1835]. A con-
traction of the palmar fascia causing the fingers to
fold into the palm. D.'s delirium. See delirium
nervosum. D.'s egg-shell symptom, the sensation of a
delicate crepitant shell (egg-shell crackling) im-
parted on slight pressure in certain cases of sarcoma
of long bones. D.'s false contraction, a contraction
of the palm and fingers due to injury to the palmar
fascia. D.'s finger. See Dupuytren's contraction.
D.'s fracture, fracture of the lower end of the fibula,
with displacement of the foot outward and backward.
D.'s hydrocele, bilocular hydrocele of the tunica
vaginalis testis. Syn., hydrocele en bissac. D.'s
operation. For amputation at the shoulder-joint:
two rounded flaps are taken from the outer and inner
aspects of the arm; the outer flap is made first by
transfixion from behind at a point two inches below
the acromion; the bone is then disarticulated and a
short inner flap cut from within outward. D.'s
phlegmon, unilateral phlegmonous suppuration
occupying the anterolateral portion of the neck.
D.'s powder, a caustic powder consisting of arsenic
trioxide, 1 part; calomel, 200 parts. D.'s splint, a
splint used in the treatment of Pott's fracture of the
leg.

dura, dura mater (dil'-rah ma'-ter) [durus, hard;
mater, mother]. The fibrous membrane forming the
outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord.

duraematoma (du-rem-at-o'-mah). See durematoma.

dural (du'-ral) [durus, hard]. Pertaining to the
dura.

duramatral (du-rah-ma'-tral). See dural.

durematoma (du-rem-at-o'-mah) [dura; alua, blood;
5fia, tumor; pi., durematomata]. Hematoma of the
dura; an accumulation of blood between the dura and
arachnoid.

Durham's tube (dur'-um) [Arthur Edward Durham,
English surgeon, 1834-1895]. The lobster-tail tube
formerly used in tracheotomy.

duritis (du-ri'-tis). Inflammation of the dura;
pachymeningitis .

duroarachnitis (du-ro-ar-ak-ni'-tis) [durus, hard;
&P&xpv, a spider; iris, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the dura and arachnoid membrane.

duroleum (du-ro'-le-um). An ointment-base ob-
tained from petroleum.

Duroziez's disease (doo-ro-zje-a) [Paul Louis
Duroziez, French physician, 1826-1897]. Con-
genital mitral stenosis. D.'s murmur, a double
murmur heard over the femoral artery on pressure
with the stethoscope in cases of aortic insufficiency,
mitral stenosis, lead-poisoning, contracted kidney,
and some fevers. D.'s sign. Same as D.'s murmur.

Dusart's syrup (doo-sar) [Lucien O. Dusart,
French physician, 19th century]. A preparation
having for its chief ingredient ferric phosphate; dose,
5 to 2 fl.dr. (2 to 8 c.c).

dusting-powder. Any fine powder used to dust
on the skin to absorb or diminish its secretions or
allay irritation.

dust-occupations. Those that from the nature
of the particles of the dust produced may give rise
to pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, or bronchitis.

Dutch liquid. See ethene chloride.

Duval's nucleus. An aggregation of large multi-
polar ganglion-cells lying ventrolaterally to the
hypoglossal nucleus.

Duverney's foramen (doo-ver-na') [Joseph Guichard
Duverney, French anatomist, 1648-1730]. See
Winslow's foramen. D.'s gland. Same as Bartholin's
gland.

D. V. M. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine.

D. V. M. S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine and Surgery.

D. V. S. 1. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary
Science. 2. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary
Surgery.

dwarfism (dwarf -izm) [ME., dwarf]. An abnormal
stature in man, often pathological (microcephalia,
rickets, etc.), in which the height falls below 1 m.
25 cm.

dyad (di'-ad). An atom uniting with two monad
atoms.

dyaster (di'-as-ter). A double group of chromo-
somes during the anaphases of cell-division.

dye (di) [ME., dyen, to dye]. 1. To color a
substance by immersing it in some coloring-matter.
2. The material used as a coloring substance. d.f
acid, one produced by combining a substance having
coloring properties and which plays the part of an
acid (an anilin) with some ordinary base, as sodium,
potassium, etc. d., basic, one produced by com-
bining with some acid a coloring principle (an anilin)
which plays the part of a base.

dyestuff (di'-stuf). See dye (2). d.s, indifferent,
a group of histological dyestuffs, neither basic nor
acid, obtained from acid which possesses a peculiar
affinity for fats; an example is sudan III (benzol-
azobetanaphthol). d., neutral, Ehrlich's term for
a salt the acid portion of which is an acid dye and
of which the basic portion is a basic dye.

dymal (di'-mal). See didymium salicylate.

dymyarious (di-mi-a'-re-us) [Svas, two; imvs, a
muscle]. Furnished with two muscles.

dynactinometer (di-nak-tin-om'-et-er) [Svvafiis,
power; &ktU, a ray; ukrpov, a measure]. An ap-
paratus for determining the intensity of the photo-
genic rays and estimating the power of object glasses.

dynam (di'-nam). See dyne.

dynameter (di-nam'-et-er). See dynamometer (2).

dynamia (di-nam'-e-ah) [Svvanis, power]. 1. Abil-
ity to resist disease or to withstand the effects of
any strain, physical or mental. 2. The sthenic
character of any attack of disease.

dynamic (di-nam'-ik) [dynamia]. Pertaining to
energy; sthenic; characterized by energy or great
force.

dynamicity (di-nam-is'-it-e) [dynamia]. The great-
est capacity for inherent power possessed by a sub-
stance or organism.

dynamics (di-nam'-iks). See mechanics, d., vital,
the science of the inherent power of an organism.

dynamimeter (di-nam-im'-et-er). See dynamo-
meter.

dynamite (di'-nam-it) [Swapis, power]. An
explosive consisting of nitro-glycerin incorporated
with infusorial earth, to give it consistency. It is
eight times as powerful as gunpowder.

dynamization (di-nam-iz-a' -shun) [Swapis, power].
The so-called potentizing of medicines by comminu-
tion and agitation.

dynamo (di'-nam-o) [5wa/us, power]. A machine
in which an electric current is generated by revolving
coils of insulated wire through the field of a magnet
intensified by the same current.

dynamoelectric (di-nam-o-e-lek'-trik) [dynamo- ;
electric]. Relating to the motor power of electricity.

dynamogen (di-nam'-o-jen). A proprietary remedy
resembling hematogen; used in anemia.

dynamogenic (di-nam-o-jen'-ik) [dynamo-; yewav,
to produce]. Generating force or power.

dynamogeny (di-nam-oj'-en-e) [dynamo-; yewav, to

DYNAMOGRAPH

307

DYSKATABROSIS

beget]. The production of energy; the physiological
generation of force.

dynamograph (di-nam'-o-graf) [dynamo; ypafaiv,
to write]. An instrument designed to measure and
record graphically muscular strength.

dynamography (di-nam-og'-ra-fe) [see dynamo-
graph), i. Mechanics. 2. The measurement and
graphic record of muscular strength.

dynamometer (di-nam-om' -et-er) [dynamo; n'erpov,
a measure]. 1. An instrument for the measurement
of muscular strength, particularly of the hand.
2. An instrument for estimating the magnifying
power of lenses. Syn., dynameter; optical dynamo-
meter.

dynamometry {di-nam-om' -et-re) [see dynamometer].
The measurement of force by means of the dynamo-
meter, d.,. vital, the estimation of the inherent force
of an individual.

dynamoneure (di-nam'-o-nur) [dynamo-; vevpov,
nerve]. A spinal motor neuron.

dynamoscope (di-nam'-o-skop) [dynamo; o-kottcZv,
to examine]. An apparatus for auscultating the
muscles.

dynamoscopy (di-nam-os' -ko-pe) . Auscultation
of the muscles by means of the dynamoscope.

dyne (din) [8wap.is, power]. A measure of force;
it is the force that, when applied to a mass of one
gram for one second, will give it a velocity of one
centimeter a second.

dys- [5vs-]. A prefix meaning bad, hard, difficult,
painful.

dysacousma (dis-ak-ooz'-mah) [dys-; &Kovo-ia,
hearing]. A sensation of pain or discomfort caused
by loud or even moderately loud noises.

dysacusia, dysacousis (dis-ak-oo' -ze-ah, -sis) [see
dysacousma]. Difficulty of hearing.

dysesthesia (dis-es-the' -ze-ah). See dysesthesia.

dysalbumose (dis-al'-bu-mos). A variety of
albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water or hydro-
chloric acid.

dysanagnosia (dis-an-ag-no'-se-ah) [dys-; avayvwais,
recognition, reading]. Word-blindness; dyslexia;
difficulty in comprehending written language.

dysantigraphia (dis-an-te-gra'-fe-ah). Inability to
copy writing or print.

dysaphe (dis'-af-e) [dys-; a<pri, touch]. Morbid
state of the sense of touch.

dysapocatastasis (dis-ap-o-kat-as'-tas-is) [dys-; diro-
KaraxxTaais, re-establishment]. Morbid restlessness
and dissatisfaction.

dysaponotocy (dis-ap-o-nof -o-se) [dys-; airovos,
painless; tokos, birth]. Painless, but difficult labor.

dysarthria (dis-ar'-thre-ah) [dys-; apdpov, articu-
lation]. Impairment of articulation.

dysarthritis (dis-ar-thri'-tis) [dys-; arthritis]. Ano-
malous gout.

dysarthrosis (dis-ar-thro'-sis) [dys-; apdpos, a
joint]. 1. A deformed joint. 2. A false-joint. 3. A
dislocation of a joint.

dysbasia (dis-ba'-ze-ah). Difficulty in walking.
d. intermittens angiosclerotica, intermittent claudi-
cation due to arteriosclerosis.

dysblennia (dis-blen'-e-ah) [dys-; p\h>va, mucus].
A disordered state or formation of the mucus.

dysbulia (dis-bu'-le-ah) [dys-; /3ouX«r0ai, to will].
Impairment of will-power.

dyscatabrosis (dis-kat-ah-bro' -sis) [dys-; Ko.Ta0pu<ns,
a devouring]. Difficulty in swallowing food; dys-
phagia.

dyschezia (dis-ke' -ze-ah) [dys-; x«f«"'. to go to
stool]. Painful or difficult defecation, as in cases of
prolapse of the ovary.

dyscholia (dis-ko'-le-ah) [dys-; xo^v, bile]. A dis-
ordered or morbid state of the bile.

dyschondroplasia (dis-kon-dro-pla' -ze-ah) [dys- ;
xovSpm, cartilage; 7rXacus, molding]. A disease of
unknown etiology', attacking the long bones and
the metacarpal and phalangeal skeleton of the hand.
It is characterized by cartilaginous tissue developing
regularly but ossifying very slowly.

dyschrea, dyschroia, dyschroma (dis-kre'-ah, -kroi'-
ah, -kro'-mah). See dyschroa and parachrea.

dyschroa, dyschroea (dis-kro' -ah, -kre'-ah) [dys-;
xpoid, color]. Discoloration, especially of the skin.

dyschromasia (dis-kro-ma' -ze-ah). 1. See dyschroa.
2. See dyschromatopsia.

dyschromatodermia, dyschromodermia (dis-kro-
mat-o-dur' -me-ah, dis-kro-mo-dur'-me-ah). See dys-
chroa.

dyschromatope (dis-kro' '-mat-dp) [dys-; xP«Ma,

color; 01/as, vision]. An individual affected with
dyschromatopsia.

dyschromatopsia (dis-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [see dys-
chromatope]. Partial color-blindness; difficulty in
distinguishing colors.

dyschromia (dis-kro' -me-ah) [dys-; xpZfia, color].
Discoloration, especially of the skin.

dyschylia (dis-ki'-le-ah) [dys-; chyle]. Disorder of
the chyle.

dyscinesia (dis-sin-e' -ze-ah) [dys-; /averts, motion].
Difficult or painful motion.

dyscoria (dis-ko'-re-ah) [dys-; Kopr), pupil]. Ab-
normality of the form of the pupil.

dyscrasia (dis-kra'-ze-ah) [dys-; Kpaats, combina-
tion]. A depraved condition of the blood or system
due to general disease; a condition of increased
susceptibility to disease.

dyscrasic, dyscratic (dis-kra'-zik, dis-krat'-ik) [dys-;
Kpao-i<s, combination]. Of the nature of, or affected
with a dyscrasia.

dysecoea, dysecoia (dis-es-e'-ah, dis-ek-oi'-ah)
[5var]Koia, deafness]. Hardness of hearing.

dysemesia, dysemesis (dis-em-e' -ze-ah, -em'-es-is)
[dys-; emesis]. Painful vomiting; retthing.

dysemia, dysaemia (dis-e' -me-ah) [dys-; alp.a,
blood]. A morbid state of the blood.

dysenteria (dis-en-te'-re-ah). See dysentery, d.
splenica. Synonym of melena.

dysenteric (dis-en-ter'-ik) [dysentery]. Of the
nature of or affected with dysentery.

dysenteriform (dis-en-ter-e' -form) [dysentery ; forma,
form]. Resembling dysentery.

dysenterioid (dis-en-ter'-e-oid). See dysenteriform.

dysentery (dis'-en-ter-e) [dys-; evrepov, the bowel].
An inflammation of the large intestine, probably
infectious in origin, and characterized by pain, rectal
tenesmus, and the frequent passage of small amounts
of mucus and blood. Anatomically, three varieties
may be distinguished: the catarrhal, the diphtheritic,
and the gangrenous. The true cause of dysentery
is not known in all cases; but the Amceba coli is the
cause of amebic dysentery.

dysepulotic (dis-ep-u-lot'-ik) [dys-; eirovXaTucos,
healing]. Cicatrizing slowly and imperfectly.

dyserethisia (dis-er-e-thiz'-e-ah) [dys-; eptBL^eiv,
to excite]. Diminished sensibility or irritability.

dysergasia, dysergasy (dis-er-ga' -ze-ah, dis-er-ga'-ze)
[Svo-epy-qs, difficult to effect]. Disturbances of func-
tion, especially as manifested in neurasthenia.

dysesthesia (dis-es-the' -ze-ah) [dys-; alo-drjo-is,
sensation]. 1. Dulness of sensation. 2. Painfulness
of any sensation not normally painful.

dysfunction (dis-fungk'-shun). Any abnormality
or impairment of function.

dysgalactia (dis-gal-ak'-te-ah) [dys-; ya\a, milk].
Loss or impairment of milk secretion.

dysgenesia (dis-jen-e' -ze-ah) [dys-; -yewdV, to
produce]. Loss or impairment of procreative power.

dysgenesis (dis-jen'-es-is) [dys-; ykvtais, genera-
tion]. Sterility; difficulty in breeding.

dysgenic (dis-jen'-ik). 1. Pertaining to dysgenesis.
2. A term applied to anything which interferes with
eugenics. _ 3- The opposite of eugenics.

dysgenitalism (dis-jen'-it-al-ism) [dys-; genital].
The condition resulting from some abnormality in
the development of the genital organs.

dysgeusia (dis-ju'-se-ah) [dys-; y evens, taste].
Morbidity or perversion of the sense of taste.

dysgrammatism (dis-gram'-at-izm) [dys-; ypap.p.a,
a letter]. Inability to make the proper use of words.
It is a symptom of certain cerebral diseases.

dysgraphia (dis-graf'-e-ah) [dys-; ypa^eiv, to
write]. 1. Impairment of the power of writing as a
result of a brain-lesion. 2. Writer's cramp.

dyshsemia (dis-he' -me-ah). See dysemia.

dyshaphia (dis-haf -e-ah) . See dysaphe.

dyshidria, dysidria (dis-hid'-re-ah, dis-id'-re-ah)
[dys-; ISpus, sweat]. A morbid condition of the
function of perspiration.

dyshidrosis (dis-hid-ro'-sis). See dysidrosis.

dyshypophysism (dis-hi-pof -is-izm) [dys-; hypo-
physis]. A condition produced by an abnormal con-
dition of the pituitary gland. It is characterized
by hypotension, tachycardia, sensation of heat,
profuse sweats, oliguria, anorexia, asthma, insomnia,
and disturbances of nutrition and growth.

dysidrosis (dis-id-ro'-sis) [dys-; I5puais, sweating].
Synonym of pompholyx.

dyskatabrosis (dis-kat-ah-bro' -sis). See dyscata-
brosis.

DYSKINESIA

308

DYSPRAGIA

dyskinesia (dis-kin-e'-ze-ah) [dys-; Kivrjais, move-
ment]. Impairment of the power of voluntary
motion.

dyslalia (dis-lal'-e-ah) [dys-; \a\elv, to talk].
Impairment of the power of speaking, due to a defect
of the organs of speech.

dyslexia (dis-leks'-e-ah) [dys-; X«£is, reading].
Impairment of the ability to read.

dyslochia (dis-lo'-ke-ah) [dys-; lochia]. An ab-
normal condition of the lochia! discharge.

dyslogia (dis-lo'-je-ah) [dys-; \6yos, speech].
Difficulty in the expression of ideas by speech.

dyslysin (dis'-lis-in) [dys-; \beip, to dissolve],
C24H36O7. A product of cholic acid.

dysmasesis, dysmassesis, dysmastesis (dis-mas-e'-
sis, dis-mas-te'-sis). Difficulty of mastication.

dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea (dis-men-or-e'-ah)
[dys-; nr}j>, month ; frelv, to flow]. Difficult or painful
menstruation, d., congestive, a form of painful men-
struation due to an intense congestion of the pelvic
viscera, d., inflammatory, that due to inflammation.
d., mechanical. See d., obstructive, d., membranous,
a very painful form characterized by the discharge of
shreds of menstrual decidua. d., obstructive, that
due to mechanical obstruction to the free escape of
the menstrual fluid, d., ovarian, that form due to
disease of the ovaries, d., spasmodic, that form due
to spasmodic uterine contraction, d., vascular, pain,
congestive symptoms in the genital apparatus, and
tenesmus of the bladder and anus appearing some
days prior to menstruation.

dysmimia (dis-mim'-e-ah) [dys-; [u/ieTaOai, to
mimic]. Impairment of the power to use signs
and gestures; inability to imitate.

dysmnesia {dis-mne'-ze-ah) [dys-; fivrjats, memory].
Impairment or defect of the memory.

dysmorphia (dis-mor'-fe-ah) [dys-; p.op<prj, form].
Deformity.

dysmorphophobia (dis-morf-o-fo'-be-ah) [dys-;
Hop<t>i), form; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread of de-
formity; it is a rudimentary form of paranoia.

dysmorphosteopalinklast (dis-morf-os-te-o-pal'-in-
klast). An instrument for refracturing a bone which
has united with deformity.

dysmorphosteopalinklasy (dis-morf-os-te-o-pal-in'-
kla-se) [8vap,op<pos, deformed; barkou, a bone; tto\iv,
again; k\av, to break]. The operation of refracturing
a bone which has healed with deformity after a frac-
ture.

dysmyotonia (dis-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [dys-; pvs, a
muscle; twos, tone]. 1. Atony of the muscles.
2. Excessive tonicity in muscles; myotonia.

dysneuria (dis-nu'-re-ah) [dys-; vevpov, nerve].
An impairment of nerve-function.

dysnoia {dis-noi'-ah) [dys-; vbos, mood, disposi-
tion]. Heavy, gloomy thought.

dysnusia (dis-nu'-ze-ah) [dys-; vovs, mind]. Weak-
ness or impairment of the mind.

dysodia (dis-o'-de-ah) [dys-; 6%eiv, to smell].
Fetor; stench; ill smell. Also a synonym of rhinitis
atrophica, q. v.^

dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-ti'-as-is) [dys-; bSovriacris,
dentition]. Difficult dentition.

dysodynia (dis-o-din'-e-ah) [dys-; bbvvq, pain].
Ineffective labor-pains.

dysopia (dis-o'-pe-ah) [dys-; &\p, eye]. Painful or
defective vision.

dysorexia {dis-or-eks'-e-ah) [dys-; 6pe£is, appetite].
A depraved or unnatural appetite.

dysosmia (dis-oz'-me-ah) [dys-; bap.ii, odor]. Im-
pairment of the sense of smell.

dysosphresia (dis-os-fre'-ze-ah) [dys-; 6a<j>pr)ais,
smell]. Impairment of the sense of smell.

dysostosis (dis-os-to'-sis) [dys-; barkov, bone].
Defective formation of bone, d., cleidocranial, a
singular congenital malformation compatible with
life, intelligence, and purity of the blood, consisting
in incomplete ossification of the skull, malformation
of the palatine arch, and more or less atrophy of the
clavicles.

dyspareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah) [Svo-irapewos, ill-
mated]. Painful or difficult copulation, d., climac-
teric, pain or difficulty in coitus following the meno-
pause; it is regarded as a symptom of kraurosis vulva?.

dyspepsia (dis-pep'-se-ah) [dys-; ireirreiv, to digest].
Disturbed digestion, d., acid, that attended with
hyperacidity of the gastric juice, d., alkaline, that
accompanied by lack of the normal acidity of the
gastric juice, d., atonic, a form due to insufficient
quantity or impaired quality of the gastric juice or

to deficient action of the gastric muscles, d., bilious,
intestinal dyspepsia due to impaired secretion of bile,
d., catarrhal, that caused by gastric catarrh, d.,
chemical, that due to some change in the consti-
tution of the digestive secretions, d., feculent, that
due to excess of starchy food in the diet, d., flatu-
lent, d., gaseous, that marked by almost constant
generation of gas within the stomach, d., gastric,
that confined to the stomach, d., gastrointestinal,
that in which both the stomach and the intestine are
concerned, d., gastrorrheal, that due to gastric
catarrh and hypersecretion, d., inflammatory, that
due to some form of gastritis, d., intestinal, that
due to imperfect digestive action of the intestinal
juices or to lack of tone in the muscular coat of the
bowel, d., lienteric, that due to defective nutrition
or superalimentation, and indicated by lienteric
stools, d., motor. See d., atonic, d., muscular,
that due to atony of the muscular coat of the stomach
or intestine, d., nervosecretory, neurotic dyspepsia
with perverted or excessive gastric secretion, d.,
nervous, that characterized by gastric pains, coming
on often when the stomach is empty and relieved by
eating, and by various reflex nervous phenomena,
especially by palpitation, d., neuralgic, that marked
by intermittent gastrodynia. d., pyretic, Gendrin's
name for the forms of inflammatory dyspepsia
formerly known as bilious or gastric fever, d.,
salivary, that due to excess, deficiency, or defective
quality of the saliva or to insufficient mastication.

dyspepsodynia (dis-pep-so-din'-e-ah). Synonym of
gastralgia.

dyspeptic (dis-pep'-tik) [see dyspepsia], 1. Relating
to or affected with dyspepsia. 2. A person suffering
from dyspepsia.

dyspeptone (dis-pep'-ton) [see dyspepsia]. An
insoluble and unassimilable peptone.

dysperistalsis (dis-per-e-stal'-sis). Painful or vio-
lent, or perverted peristalsis.

dyspermatism \dis-per' -mat-iztri) [dys-; o-irkppa,
seed]. Difficulty of depositing the sperm within
the vagina.

dyspermia {dis-perm'-e-ah). See dysspermia.

dysphagia (dis-fa'-je-ah) [dys-; $ayelv, to eat].
Difficulty in swallowing, or inability to swallow.
d. amyotactica, a disturbance of the act of deglutition,
not due to organic changes in the pharynx or eso-
phagus nor to spasm or paralysis of the muscles
concerned in swallowing; it consists in a disturbance
of the rhythm of the function of the higher nerve-
centers, d. callosa, that resulting from the destruc-
tion of the muscular layers of the esophagus and the
formation of cicatricial tissue causing constriction.
d. constricta, that due to stenosis of the pharynx
or esophagus, d. globosa, globus hystericus, d.
lusoria, a doubtful form ascribed to compression of
the esophagus by the right subclavian artery when
by a freak of nature this artery springs from the
aorta behind the left subclavian artery and turns
to the right either before or behind the esophagus.
d. spastica, that due to hysterical spasm of the eso-
phagus or pharynx.

dysphasia (dis-fa'-ze-ah) [dys-; <piurts, speech].
Difficulty of speech depending on a central lesion.

dysphemia (dis-je' -me-ah) [dys-; <Pr)p,r), a speech].
Stammering.

dysphonia (dis-fo'-ne-ah) [dys-; <po)vi), voice]. An
impairment of the voice.

dysphoria (dis-fo'-re-ah) [dys-; 4>eptiv, to bear J.
Impatience and restlessness; mental anxiety ;fidgets.

dysphotia (dis-fo'-she-ah) [dys-; <p€>s, light]. An
error of refraction in which only near objects are
seen; nearsightedness.

dysphrasia (dis-fra'-ze-ah) [dys-; <j>p6.<ns, speech].
Imperfect speech due to impairment of mental power.

dysphrenia (dis-fre'-ne-ah) [dys-; <ppi)v, mind].
Any mental disorder.

dyspituitarism (dis-pit-u'-it-ar-izni). A condition
due to disease or destruction of the pituitary body.

dysplasmatic, dysplastic (dis-plaz-mat'-ik, dis-
plast'-ik). See cacoplastic.

dyspnea, dyspnoea {disp-ne'-ah) [dys-; irveiv, to
breathe]. Difficult or labored breathing, d., cardiac,
that due to heart disease, d., renal, that due to
renal disease, d., Traube's. See Traube's dyspnea.

dyspneic (disp-ne'-ik) [dyspnea]. Affected with
or caused by dyspnea.

dyspragia (dis-pra'-je-ah) [dys-; tcph-ytiv, to do;
to perform]. Difficult or painful performance of any
function.

DYSPROTEOSE

309

DYSZOOAMPLIA

dysproteose (dis-pro'-te-os). A modified hetero-
proteose obtained by treating heteroproteose with
water.

dysspermasia, dysspermatism (dis-sperm-a'-ze-ah,
dis-sperm' -at-izm) . See bradyspermatism.

dysspermia (dis-sper'-me-ah) [dys-; o-irkpua, seed].
An abnormal condition of the semen.

dysstechiasis, dysstoechiasis, dysstichiasis (dis-
stek-i'-as-is, dis-stik-i' -as-is) . See distichiasis.

dystasia (dis-ta'-ze-ah) [dys-; aratris, standing].
Difficulty in standing.

dystaxia .(dis-taks'-e-ah) [dys-; t6£is, regulation;
order]. Ataxia or partial ataxia, d. agitans, tremor
due to irritation of the spinal cord. Syn., pseudo-
paralysis agitans.

dysteleologic (dis-te-le-o-loj'-ik) [dys-; reXeos,
perfect; X670S, science]. Pertaining to dysteleology.

dysteleology (dis-te-le-ol'-o-je) [dys-; reXeos, per-
fect; Xo-yos, science]. The study of rudimentary
and useless organs, such as the vermiform appendix.

dysthanasia (dis-than-a'-ze-ah) [dys-; davaros,
death]. A slow and painful death.

dysthelasia (dis-thel-a'-ze-ah) [dys-; 0r)\6.£eiv, to
suck]. Difficulty in sucking or in giving suck.

dysthermasia (dis-ther-ma'-ze-ah) [dys-; 6epp,ri,
heat]. Insufficient production of bodily heat.

dysthesia (dis-the'-ze-ah) [dys-; dean, an arranging],
i. Ill condition, especially ill health due to a non-
febrile disorder of the blood-vessels. 2. Impatience;
fretfulness; ill-temper in the sick.

dysthetic (dis-ihet'-ik) [dysthesia]. Of the nature
of a dysthesia; cachectic.

dysthymia (dis-thim'-e-ah) [dys-; 6vp.6s, mind].
Melancholy or mental perversion, d. algetica,
mental perversion due to peripheral nerve-irritation.
d. neuralgica, mental perversion due to facial or other
neuralgias.

dysthyreosis (.dis-thi-re-o'-sis) [dys-; thyroid].
Impaired functional activity of the thyroid gland.

dysthyroid, dysthyroidism {dis-thi'-roid, -izm).
Incomplete development and function of the thyroid
gland.

dystithia {dis-tith'-e-ah) [dys-; rtdt], a nipple].
Difficulty of nursing or inability to nurse at the
breast.

dystocia (dis-to'-se-ah) [dys-; tokos, birth]. Diffi-
cult labor, d., fetal, difficult labor due to abnormalities
of position or size and shape of the fetus, d., ma-
ternal, that dystocia the cause of which resides in
the mother.

[dys-,
[dys-;

tovos, tone].
tottos, place].

Dis-

Dis-

dystonia (dis-to'-ne-ah)
order or lack of tonicity.

dystopia (dis-to'-pe-ah)
placement of any organ.

dystrophia (dis-tro'-fe-ah). See dystrophy. d.
adiposogenital, a form of dystrophy characterized
by adiposity, aplasia of the genitals, and hypotri-
chosis; it is believed to be due to diminished function
of the pituitary body.

dystrophic (dis-tro'-fik) [see dystrophy]. Per-
taining to dystrophy.

dystrophoneurosis (dis-tro-fo-nu-ro'-sis) [dys-; rpcxptj,
nourishment; vevpov, a nerve; voaos, disease]. A
disturbance of nutrition caused by abolition or
perversion of nervous influence; or a nervous disease
caused by ill-nutrition.

dystrophy (dis'-tro-fe) [dys-; rpb<pi\, nourishment].
Faulty nutrition.

dystropodextrin (dis-tro-po-deks'-trin) [dys-; rpk-
ireiv, to turn; dexter, right]. A starchy material
existing in normal blood, and but slightly soluble.

dystrypsia (dis-trip'-se-ah) [dys-; trypsin]. Dys-
pepsia from lack of trypsin, d., intestinal, a term
proposed as a substitute for intestinal dyspepsia,
since trypsin is the most important enzyme in in-
testinal digestion.

dysulotous (dis-u'-lo-tus) [dys-; 011X17, scar. Heal-
ing with difficulty.

dysuresia, dysuresis (dis-u-re'-se-ah, -sis) [dys-;
ovprja-is, micturition]. Any disease of the urinary
apparatus.

dysuria (dis-u'-re-ah) [dys-; ovpov, urine]. Diffi-
cult or painful urination.

dysuriac (dis-u'-re-ak). A person affected with
dysuria.

dysuric (dis-u'-rik) [dysuria]. Affected with or
relating to dysuria.

dyszooamylia (dis-zo-o-am-il'-e-ah) [dys-; zooamy-
lon]. Imperfect transformation of dextrose into
glycogen (zooamylon).

E. Abbreviation of eye, of emmetropia, and of
electromotive force. Chemical symbol of erbium.

e. A prefix denoting without, from, etc.

ear (er) [ME., ere]. The organ of hearing, con-
sisting of the external ear, the middle ear or tym-
panum, and the internal ear or labyrinth. The
outer ear is made up of an expanded portion, the
pinna, and the external auditory canal. The middle
ear consists of the tympanum, with the ear-ossicles,
the Eustachian tube, and the mastoid cells. The
tympanum is lined by mucous membrane, and com-
municates with the pharynx by means of the Eusta-
chian tube. It is divided into three parts — the
atrium, the attic, and the antrum. Its outer end is
closed by the tympanic membrane, from which sound
is conducted along the ear-ossicles (the malleus,
incus, and stapes) to the fenestra ovalis, which com-
municates with the vestibule of the internal ear.
By means of the fenestra rotunda, which is closed
by the entotympanic membrane, it communicates
with the cochlea of the internal ear. The mastoid
cells, which are also part of the tympanum, are air-
spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
The internal ear consists of the bony and membranous
labyrinths, which are separated from each other
by a space containing the perilymph. Each labyrinth
consists of three parts: the vestibule, the semi-
circular canals, and the cochlea. The bony vestibule
communicates with the tympanum by the fenestra
ovalis, closed by the base of the stapes, and also
with the other parts of the internal ear. The semi-
circular canals are three in number — the superior,
the posterior, and the inferior. The cochlea, so
named from its resemblance to a snail-shell, is a
cylindrical tube that winds around a central axis, the
modiolus, which transmits the cochlear nerves and
blood-vessels. The cochlear canal is divided by the
spiral lamina into the scala vestibuli, communicating
with the vestibule, and the scala tympani, communi-
cating with the fenestra rotunda of the tympanum.
The membranous labyrinth is made up of parts corre-
sponding to the bony labyrinth. The vestibule
consists of two small sacs, the utricle and the saccule,
which communicate through the vestibular aqueduct,
and are lined by an epithelium, the macules acusticce,
which in places is largely specialized and receives
the terminations of the vestibular nerve. The
membranous cochlea, or cochlear duct, contains the
acoustic organ of the cochlea, or organ of Corti, which
consists of a series of epithelial arches formed by the
interlocking of the ends of the pillars or rods of
Corti. Upon the inner rods of Corti are the inner
acoustic hair-cells; in relation with the outer rods
are the outer hair-cells. The organ of Corti is
covered by the membrana tectoria, or Corti's mem-
brane, e.-ache. See otalgia, e., Blainville's. See
Blainville's ear. e.-bones, the auditory ossicles.
e.-cough, a reflex cough due to irritation of the ear.
e. Darwin's. See Darwin's ear. e.-drum, the tym-
panum, e.-mold, otomycosis, e., Morel's. See
Morel's ear. e.-trumpet, an instrument to aid the
hearing, e.-wax. See cerumen.

earth (erth) [ME., erthe]. A name given to various
metallic oxides or silicates not soluble in water
and not affected by great heat, e.s, alkaline, the
oxides and hydrates of calcium, magnesium, stron-
tium, barium, and other metals of the same group,
e.-bath, application of hot earth or sand to the
body of a patient, e., fuller's, a clay used as an
absorbent application to irritated surfaces.

earthy phosphate. See phosphate, earthy.

Eastes' test for sugar. Place 60 Cc. of filtered
urine in a beaker of 100 Cc. capacity, add 1 Gm. of
sodium acetate and a little less of phenylhydrazin
hydrochloride; stir with a glass rod, which is to
remain in the beaker. Evaporate on a water-bath
to 10 or 15 Cc, scraping the sediment from the sides
of the beaker, if it collects there; cool, and examine

under the microscope. If there is 1 part to 1000 of
sugar in the urine, osazone crystals will be found.

Easton's syrup (es-ton) [John Alexander Easton,
English physician, 1807-1865]. A syrup of the
phosphates of quinine, iron, and strychnine.

eat (et). 1. To masticate and swallow food.
2. To corrode.

eau (o) [Fr.]. Water, e. de Cologne, Cologne
water, e. de Javelle, solution of potassium hypo-
chlorite, e. de vie, brandy ; alcoholic spirit.

Eberth's bacillus (a'-bairt) [Carl Joseph Eberth,
German physician, 1835- ]. Bacillus typhi
abdominalis. See bacilli, table of. E.'s lines, dark
broken lines seen to separate the cardiac muscular
cells on staining with silver nitrate. Syn., linece
scalar if or mes.

Ebner's germ reticulum (eb'-ner) [Victor von
Ebner, Austrian histologist, 1842- ]. A fine,
nucleated reticulum existing between the inner
cells of the seminiferous tubules. E.'s glands, the
acinous glands situated in the region of the circum-
vallate papilla? of the tongue.

ebonation (e-bo-na'-shun) [e, away from; bone].
The removal of splinters of bone after injury.

ebonite (eb'-on-it) [ebon, ebony]. Black hard
rubber. See vulcanite.

ebracteate (e-brak'-te-at) [e, priv.; bractea, a thin
plate]. In biology, destitute of bracts.

ebriecation (e-bri-e-ka'-shun) [ebrietas, drunken-
ness]. Mental disorder due to the use of alcoholic
stimulants.

ebrietas (e-bri'-et-as) [L.]. Synonym of alcoholism.

ebriety, ebriosity (e-bri'-et-e, e-bre-os'-et-e). Syno-
nym of alcoholism.

Ebstein's lesion (eb'-stin) [Wilhelm Ebstein,
German physician, 1836- ]. Hyaline degenera-
tion and insular necrosis of the epithelial cells of the
renal tubules in diabetes.

ebullition (eb-ul-lish'-un) [ebullire, to boil]. Boiling.

ebur (e'-bur) [L.]. Ivory, e. dentis, dentine, q. v.

eburnated (e-bur'-na-ted) [ebur, ivory]. A term
applied to dentine the tubules of which have been
obliterated by a calcareous deposit.

eburnation {e-bur-na' -shun) [ebur, ivory]. 1. An
increase in the density of bone following inflamma-
tion. 2. Ossification of a cartilage; calcareous
infiltration of a tumor.

eburneous (e-bur'-ne-us) [ebur, ivory]. In biology,
ivory-white.

ecaudate (e-kaw'-dat) [e, priv.; cauda, a tail].
Tailless; without a tail-like appendage. See acaudal.

Ecballium (ek-bal'-e-um). See elaterium.

ecblepharos (ek-blef-ar-os) [he, out; (TKbpapov,
eyelid]. An ancient form of artificial eye.

ecbloma (ek-blo'-mah) [he, out; (iaWetv, to cast].
An abortion; an aborted fetus.

ecbolic (ek-bol'-ik) [hefioXr,, a throwing out].
1. Producing abortion or accelerating labor. 2. Any
agent producing this effect.

ecboline (ek'-bol-en) [e/c, out; /3<xXX«k, to throw].
An alkaloid said to be one of the active principles of
ergot. Little is known about it.

ecbolium {ek-bo'-le-um) [he, out; /3aXX«j\ to throw:
pi., ecbolia].. Any abortifacient drug.

eccentric (ek-sen'-trik) [he, out; K&rpov, center].
1. Situated away from the center. 2. Odd or
peculiar in behavior, but free from insanity, e.
amputation. See amputation. e. convulsion, one
due to peripheral irritation, e. hypertrophy, hyper-
trophy of a hollow organ, as the heart, with dilation.

eccentricity (ek-sen-tris'-it-e) [he, out; K&rpov,
center]. 1. Oddness or peculiarity of behavior
without true insanity. 2. A peculiarity.

eccentropiesis (ek-sen-tro-pi-e'-sis) [eccentric; irUats,
a pressing]. Pressure from within outward; a
method proposed for the treatment of anal fistula.

eccephalosis (ek-sef-al-o'-sis) [he, out of; iee<t>a\ri,
the head]. Synonym of cephalotomy or excerebration.

ECCHONDROMA

311

ECHOSCOPE

ecchondroma (ek-oh-dro'-mah) [he, out; xovSpos,
cartilage; opa, tumor: pi., ecchondromata]. A carti-
laginous tumor; a chondroma.

ecchondrosis (ek-on-dro'-sis) [ecchondroma; pl.t
ecchondroses]. A cartilaginous outgrowth.

ecchondrotome (ek-kon' -dro-iom) [he, out; xofdpos,
cartilage; roy.it, cutting]. An instrument for the
surgical removal of cartilaginous growths.

ecchymoma (ek-e-mo'-mah) [he, out; xum°s, juice;
oMa, tumor: pi., ecchymomata). A tumor-like swelling
composed of extravasated blood.

ecchymosis (ek-e-mo'-sis) [he, out; x"M°s. juice].
An extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous
tissues. It is marked by a purple discoloration of the
skin, the color gradually changing to brown, green,
and yellow.

ecchymotic (ek-e-mot'-ik) [ecchymosis]. Relating
to or resembling an ecchymosis.

ecchysis (ek'-kis-is) [aexvens, a pouring out].
Any skin-disease characterized by effusion into the
dermal tissue.

ecclasis (ek-la'-sis) [hac\a.v, to break in pieces].
A breaking away, as of a small piece of bone from a
larger piece.

ecclisis (ek-U'-sis) [heieXlveiv, to turn aside],
i. Dislocation. 2. 'The displacement of fractured
bones.

ecclysis {ek-U'-sis) [IkkKv^iv, to wash out]. A
washing out by injections.

eccope (ek'-op-e) [iiacoirfi, a cutting out]. Excision
of a part, or the vertical division of the cranium by a
saw or other means.

eccorthatic (ek-or-that'-ik) [he, out; KopOvs, a heap].
Producing copious fecal discharge.

eccrinology (ek-rin-ol'-o-je) [heplveiv, to secrete;
\6yos, science]. The science of secretion, including
its physics, physiology, and pathology.

eccrisiology, eccrisionomy (ek-kris-e-ol'-o-je, -on'-
om-e) . _ See eccrinology.

eccrisis (ek'-ris-is) [heieplveiv, to expel]. The
expulsion of waste or morbid products; excretion.

eccritic {ek-rit'-ik) [heiepiTueos, secretive]. 1. A
medicine promoting excretion. 2. Promoting
excretion.

eccyesis (ek-si-e'-sis) [he, out; kvt)<tis, pregnancy].
Extra-uterine gestation.

eccyliosis (ek-si-le-o'-sis) [he, out; KvXLvSetv, to
roll]. Any disorder of development.

ecdemic (ek-dem'-ik) [he8r)p.os, away from home].
Applied to diseases originating in a distant locality;
not endemic.

ecdemiomania, ecdemomania (ek-de-me-o-ma'-ne-
ah, ek-de-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [he8rjp.os, away from home;
tiavia, madness]. Insanity marked by a desire for
wandering.

ecdemionosus (ek-de-me-on'-o-sus) [eieSrineeiv, to
wander; vbaos, disease]. Ecdemiomania.

ecderon (ek'-der-on) [iie, out; Skpos, skin]. 1. That
layer of skin or mucous membrane that lies outside
of the enderon. 2. The outermost or epithelial
layer of skin or mucous membrane.

ecderonic (ek-der-on'-ik) [he, out; 5epos, skin].
Belonging to or of the nature of the ecderon.

ecdysis (ek'-dis-is) [heSveiv, to cast off]. Slough-
ing or casting off of the skin ; desquamation.

ecgonine (ek'-go-nen). An alkaloid produced in
the decomposition of cocaine by HC1.

echafolta (ek-af-ol'-tah). A proprietary antiseptic
and alterative; said to be a purified echinacea.

echidnase (ek-id'-nas) [extSfa, viper]. A phlogo-
genic principle found in snake-venom.

echidnin (e-kid'-nin) [ixtdva, viper]. 1. Serpent-
poison; the poison or venom of the viper and other
similar serpents. 2. A nitrogenous and venomous
principle found in the poison-secretion of various
serpents.

echidnotoxin (ek-id-no-toks'-in). A principle of
snake-venom having a general action and a powerful
effect on the nervous system.

Echinacea (ek-in-a'-se-ah) [ixivos, a hedgehog].
A genus of coarse composite plants of N. America.
E. angustifolia. Black Sampson. The root of a
perennial herb growing in the U. S. It is claimed
that it possesses marked alterative value in strumous
and syphilitic conditions. Dose of the fluidextract
njj xv-xxx.

echinate (ek'-in-at) [echinatus, prickly, from
echinus, a hedgehog]. Beset with prickles.

echinococcosis (ek-in-o-kok-o'-sis). Infection with
echinococci.

echinococcotomy (ek-in-o-kok-ot'-o-me) [echinococ-
cus; rkyveiv, to cut]. The Posadas- Bobrow opera-
tion, consisting in the evacuation of echinococcus-
cysts and closure of the cavity by suture.

echinococcus (ek-in-o-kok'-us) [ixlvos, a hedgehog;
kokkos, a berry]. 1. The scolex or larval stage of
the Taenia echinococcus. 2. Hydatid. e.-cyst.
See cyst, echinococcus.

echinodermatous, echinodermous (ek-in-o-der'-
mat-us, -mus). Having a spiny surface.

echinol (ek'-in-ol). A proprietary alterative con-
taining echinacea.

Echinops (ek'-in-ops) [ixlfos, a hedgehog; &\y,
appearance]. A genus of composite plants. E.
sphcerocephalus, a European species, is laxative and
diuretic, and contains an alkaloid, echinopsine,
similar in action to brucine and strychnine.

Echinorhyncus (e-ki-no-rin'-kus) [exi'ws, hedge-
hog; pvyxos, beak]. A worm parasitic within certain
animals and occasionally found in man. E. gigas
is the best-known species. E. hominis is smaller,
and is perhaps an immature form of the other.

echinulate (e-kin'-u-ldt) [echinulus, dim. of echinus,
a hedgehog]. 1. Beset with prickles of small size.
2. Bacterial cultures showing spinous projections.

echitamine (ek-if -am-en) . See ditaine.

echitenine (e-kit' -en-en), C20H27NO4. An amor-
phous, brown alkaloid of Dita, soluble in alcohol
and water.

echma (ek'-mah) [ixjia,,a. stoppage: pi., echmata],
A stoppage or obstruction.

echmasis (ek' -mas-is) [exMafeip, to hinder; pi.,
echmases]. An obstruction or an obstructive disease.

echmatic (ek-mat'-ik) [ixM^eiv, to hinder]. Due
to or marked by an echmasis or an echma.

echo (ek'-o) [17X&, a sound]. A reverberated sound.
e., amphoric, a vocal resonance in which the trans-
mitted voice sounds as if it were speaking into a
narrow-necked bottle, e.-sign, a symptom of
epilepsy and other brain-conditions in which there is
a repetition of the closing word or words of a sentence.
It is regarded as the result of perverted will, or im-
paired or defective inhibition, e.-speech, a peculiar
method of utterance in one type of hypnotism.

echoacousia (ek-o-ah-koo'-se-ah) [echo; aieovo-La,
hearing]. The subjective sensation of hearing echoes
after sounds< heard normally.

echoacousia (ek-o-ah-koo'-se-ah) [echo; iueovaai,
hearing]. The subjective sensation of hearing echoes
after sounds heard normally.

echographia (ek-o-graf'-e-ah) [echo; ypdepeiv, to
write]. A form of aphasia in which printed or
written questions submitted to the patient are copied
without ability to comprehend the inquiry; also, in
writing, the last word or letter is repeated.

echokinesia, echokinesis (ek-o-kin-e'-se-ah, -e'-sis)
[fa", echo; Kivr)<ns, motion]. Imitative unwilled
action, like that observed in palmus or latah. See
palmus and habit-spasm.

echolalia (ek-o-la' -le-ah) [echo; XaXia, babble].
A meaningless repetition, by a person, of words
spoken to him by others.

echolalus (ek-o-la'-lus) [see echolalia]. A hypno-
tized person who repeats words heard without com-
prehension of their meaning.

echomatism (ek-om'-at-izm) [echo; yari^iv, to
strive to do]. The opposite of automatism. The
mimicking condition produced in hypnotics when the
hand is pressed on the vertex of the head.

echometer (ek-om'-et-er) [yx&, sound; ukrpov, a
measure]. A stethoscope.

echopathy (ek-op'-ath-e) [nx^, echo; irados, disease].
Any automatic and purposeless repetition of a word
or sound heard or of an act seen.

echophony (ek-of-o-ne) [echo; epunrq, voice]. An
echo of a vocal sound in auscultation of the chest.

echo pho tony (ek-o-fot'-o-ne) [echo; <£-is, light; tovos,
one]. The production of the sensation of color by
the stimulus of aerial waves, or sound. See phonism,
photism.

echophrasia (ek-o-fra'-ze-ah) [echo; <fipa<Tis, speech].
Same as echolalia.

echopraxis (ek-o-praks'-is) [echo; irp££is, a doing]
The needless continuance, by an insane patient, of
some maneuver initiated by the physician in the
course of examining the patient.

echos (e'-kos) [echo]. Any subjective sensation,
as of a sound that has no objective cause.

echoscope (ek'-o-skop) [echo; oko-kHv, to ex-
amine]. A stethoscope.

ECHOSCOPIA

312

ECTENTAL

echoscopia (ek-o-sko'-pe-ah) [echo; arKoirtZv, to
view]. Auscultation.

echo-speech (ek'-o-spech). Same as echolalia.

echuja (ek'-ii-jah). An apocynaceous plant,
Adenium bahmianum, of Africa. It is extremely
poisonous.

echujin, echugin (ek'-u-jin). A poisonous glucoside
from the plant called echuja; it has much the same
effects as strophanthin.

eciomania (ek-e-o-ma'-ne-ah). See oikiomania.

Eck fistula [Gottlieb Wilhelm Eck, German physi-
cian, 179S-1848]. An artificially made communication
between the portal vein and the vena cava inferior.
Ecker's gyrus [Alexander Ecker, German anato-
mist, 1816-1887]. The gyrus descendens, the most
posterior of the occipital convolutions. E.'s sulcus,
the anterior or transverse occipital sulcus, usually
joined to the horizontal part of the interparietal
sulcus.

eclabium (ek-la'-be-um) [in, out; labium, a lip].
An eversion of the lip.

eclampsia (ek-lamp'-se-ah) [ixXanireip, to shine or
burst forth]. 1. A convulsive or epileptiform seizure
occurring in women during pregnancy, labor, or the
puerperium. 2. Any convulsive or epileptiform
seizure, especially one in which consciousness is not
lost, e., cerebral, a form in which the irritation is
presumed to originate in the brain, as distinguished
from uterine eclampsia, e., infantile, a reflex con-
vulsion of childhood, e. nutans, an affection char-
acterized by paroxysms, in which the head and upper
part of the body are bowed forward several times
in succession; the attacks are accompanied by dis-
ordered consciousness. Syn., nodding spasm; salaam
convulsion, e., puerperal, a convulsion occurring
toward the close of pregnancy or during or after
labor, believed to be caused by the irritation of the
vasomotor centers by retained excrementitious sub-
stances, e. tardissima, that occurring several days
or as long as eight weeks after parturition.

eclampsism (ek-lamp'-sizm) [eclampsia]. Bar's
name for eclampsia without convulsions.

eclamptic (ek-lamp'-tik) [eclampsia]. Relating to,
or affected with, or of the nature of, eclampsia.

eclamptism (ek-lamp'-tizm). The morbid condition
produced by the retention of various toxic principles
and autointoxication, all dependent upon the state
of pregnancy; it is prone to result in convulsions, but
may show only prodromes, such as headache, im-
pairment of vision, etc.

eclectic (ek-lek'-tik) [licXeyeZp, to select]. Per-
taining to a choosing or selection. Applied by a
certain school of physicians to themselves, to denote
their principle or plan of selecting or choosing that
which they consider good from all other schools.

eclecticism {ek-lek' -tis-izm) [ixXeyeZv, to select].
The doctrine and practice of the eclectics.

eclegm, eclegma, ecleigma, (ek'-lem, ek-leg'-mah,
ek-lig'-mah) [£k, out; \etxeiv, to lick; pi., eclegmata].
An electuary.

eclimia (ek-lim'-e-ah). Same as bulimia.

eclipsis (ek-lip'-sis) [«cX«^is, a dying out]. A
sudden failure; trance; catalepsy; a sudden and
transient loss or impairment of consciousness.

eclysis (ek'-lis-is) [ecXixris, a release; a loosening].
Any loosening, as of the bowels. Also a slight
amount of, or merely a tendency to, syncope. It is
present in anemia of the brain.

ecmetropia (ek-me-tro'-pe-ah). See ametropia.

ecmnesia (ek-ne'-ze-ah) [he, out; fivrjats, remem-
brance]. A gap in memory; amnesia in which there
is normal memory to a certain date and loss of
memory for a period after it.

ecnea {ek-ne'-ah) [he, out; vovs, mind]. Insanity.

ecoid (e'-koid) [oIkos, house]. A blood-shadow;
the colorless stroma or framework of red corpuscles
of the blood that have been deprived of their hemo-
globin; a shadow-corpuscle.

ecology (e-kol'-o-je) [oZkos, a house, family; X670S,
science]. In biology, the science of vegetable and
animal economy and activity as shown by their
modes of life, e. g., socialism, parasitism. "The
terms biology and ecology are not interchangeable,
because the latter only forms part of physiology."
(Haeckel.)

economy (e-kon'-o-me) [oIkos, house; vopos, a law].
A general name for the human being considered as a
whole, e., animal, that of an animal organism.
e., medical, the rules regulating the practice of medi-
cine and surgery.

ecophony (ek-of'-on-e) [echo; <puvij, sound]. An
echo immediately following vocal sounds, heard in
acute congestion of the lungs.

ecostate (e-kos'-taf) [e, priv.; costa, a rib]. Without
ribs.

ecouvillon (a-koo-ve'-yon(g)) [Ft.]. See ecouvil-
lonage.

ecouvillonage (a-koo-ve-yon-ahzh') [Fr.]. The
operation of cleansing, and carrying medicinal agents
to, the inside of the uterus by means of a swab or
brush.

ecphlysis (ek'-flis-is) [in<p\vSeiv, to burst out:
pi., ecphlyses]. Any vesicular eruption.

ecphractic (ek-frak'-tik) [eK<£pa/mKos, clearing
obstruction]. 1. Removing obstructions. 2. An
ecphractic medicine.

ecphronia (ek-fro'-ne-ah) [he, out of; $pi\v, mind].
Insanity.

ecphyadectomy (ek-fi-ad-ek'-to-me) [intyas, appen-
dage; iKTonri, excision]. Excision of the vermiform
appendix.

ecphyaditis (ek-fi-ad-i'-tis) [iieepvas, appendage;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform
appendix; appendicitis. This term has also been
used to include typhlitis, perityphlitis, etc.

ecphyas (ek'-fi-as) [hc<t>vas, an offshoot]. The
vermiform appendix.

ecphyma \ek-fi'-mah) [iic, out; <f>beoOai, to grow].
An excrescence on the skin. e. globulus, a contagious
disease of Ireland marked by the formation, on the
skin, of tubercles which soften and form raspberry-
like tumors.

ecphysesis (ek-fiz-e'-sis) [he, out; <j>v<raeZi>, to blow].
Rapid breathing.

ecpyesis (ek-pi-e'-sis) [he, out; irveZv, to suppurate:
pi., ekpyeses]. 1. Any suppuration or abscess. 2. Any
pustular skin-disease.

ecpyetic (ek-pi-et'-ik) [tie, out; irveZv, to suppurate].
Promoting suppuration.

ecptoma (ek-to'-mah) [e/c, out; irtirreiv, to fall: pi.,
ecptomata]. Any falling of a part or organ.

ecrasement (a-krahz-mon(g)) [F., "a crushing"].
The removal of a part by means of an ecraseur.

ecraseur (a-krah-zer) [see ecrasement]. An instru-
ment consisting of a chain or wire loop which is
placed about a projecting part, and, by being tight-
ened, gradually cuts through the tissues, e., gal-
vanic, one constructed so that the wire loop can be
heated to redness while in use, by the passage through
it of an electric current.

ecrodactylia (ek-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [inpoos, escape;
8&ktv\os, digit]. Same as ainhum.

ecsomatic \ek-so-mat'-ik) [he, out; crapa, body].
Relating to ecsomatics or to material removed from
the body, as pus, urine, etc.

ecsomatics (ek-so-mat'-iks). That department of
medicine included in clinical laboratory methods;
so called because all the material dealt with is re-
moved from the body and examined elsewhere.

ecsomatist (ek-so'-mat-ist). An individual who is
versed in clinical laboratory methods.

ecstaltic (ek-stal'-tik) [he, out; areW&v, to send].
Sent out from a nerve-center; applied specially to
nerve-impulses originating from the spinal cord.

ecstasis (ek-sta'-sis). See ecstasy.

ecstasy (eks'-ta-se) [hearacns, a trance]. A de-
rangement of the nervous system characterized by
an exalted visionary state, absence of volition,
insensibility to surroundings, a radiant expression,
and immobility in statuesque positions.

ecstrophy (ek'-stro-fe). See exstrophy.

ectacolia, ectacoly (ek-ta-ko'-le-ah, ek'-ta-ko-le)
Uktukos, capable of stretching; k6\oi>, the colon].
Congenital dilation of a more or less extensive section
of the colon.

ectad {ek'-tad) [herds, external; ad, to]. On or
toward the ectal part.

ectal {ek'-tal) [see ectad]. At some surface or
aspect farther from a supposed center than that
with which a given object is compared; external;
superficial.

ectasia, ectasis {ek-ta'-ze-ah, ek'-ta-sis) [heracns,
extension]. Distention; dilatation.

ectasin (ek'-ta-sin) [see ectasia]. A substance
isolated from tuberculin, which causes dilatation of
the vessels.

ectatic (ek-tat'-ik) [see ectasia]. Distended or
dilated.

ectental (ek-ten'-tal) [herds, outward; hvrbs, in-
ward]. Pertaining to the line of union between the

ECTETHMOID

313

ECTOTHALAMUS

ectoderm and the entoderm, e. line, the line of
junction of the ectoderm and entoderm.

ectethmoid (ek-teth' -moid) [ecto-; ethmoid]. Either
one of the lateral cellular masses of the ethmoid
bone.

ecthol (ek'-thoV). A proprietary remedy said to
contain the active principles of Echinacea angustifolia
and Thuja occidentalis ; it is antipurulent and anti-
morbific. Dose i dr. (4 Gm.) 3 times daily.

ecthyma (ek-thi'-mah) [hdSvua, a pustule]. An
inflammatory skin disease attended with an eruption
of large, flat, superficial pustules. They vary in
size from a ten-cent to a twenty-five-cent piece,
and are surrounded by a distinct inflammatory
areola. The eruption appears, as a rule, on the
legs and thighs where the hairs are thick; it occurs
in crops, and may persist for an indefinite period.
e. gangrenosum, e., gangrenous, a form marked by
the appearance of brown discolorations of the skin,
usually surrounded by a halo; the center of these
efflorescences rapidly becomes necrotic. It is due to
bacillus pyocyaneus. e., syphilitic. See rupia.

ecthymlform (ek-thi' -mif-orm) [&<9vna, a pustule;
orma, form]. Resembling ecthyma.

ecthyreosis, ekthyrosis (ek-thi-re-o'-sis, ek-ihi-ro'-
sis). _ See athyreosis.

ectillotic (ek-til-ot'-ik) [4/c, out; rCWeiv, to pluck].
Depilatory; causing the hairs to fall; removing corns
from the feet.

ectiris (ek-ti'-ris) [ecto-; iris]. That part of
Descemet's membrane that lies in front of the iris.

ecto- (ek-to-) [herbs, without], A prefix signifying
without, upon the outer side.

ectobatic (efesfc-bat'-ik) [ecto-; Palveiv, to go].
Efferent; centrtf Tal; moving ectad or distad.

ectoblast (ekns3-blast) [ecto-; pXaarbs, a bud].
The outside merseirane of a cell.

ectocardia (ek-to-kar'-de-ah) [ecto-; KapSLa,' the
heart]. An abnormal position of the heart, e.
abdominalis, a malformation in which the heart is
wholly within the abdomen or within a sac in the
precordia. e. cephalica, e. cervicalis, a form in
which the heart is at the base of the neck. e. extra-
thoracica, that in which the heart is external to the
thoracic cavity, e. intrathoracica, that in which
the heart is inside the thorax, e. pectoralis, that
in which the heart lies in front of the chest.

ectocentral {ek-to-sen'-tral) [ecto-; central]. Near
to the center and to the external surface.

ectochoroidea (ek-to-ko-roid'-e-ah). The outer
layer of the choroid.

ectocinerea (ek-to-sin-e'-re-ah) [ecto-; cinereus,
ashy]. The gray substance of the cortex of the
brain. Cf. entocinerea.

ectocnemial (ek-to-ne' -me-al) [ecto-; kvt)\it\, the
leg]. Located on the external aspect of the fibula.

ectocolostomy (ek-to-ko-los'-to-me) [ecto-; colos-
tomy]. A surgical operation upon the colon to
establish an external opening.

ectocondylar, ectocondyloid (ek-to-kon'-dil-ar,
-oid). Relating to an ectocondyle.

ectocondyle (ek-to-kon'-dil) [ecto-; condyle]. An
external condyle.

ectocornea (ek-to-kor'-ne-ah) [ecto-; cornea]. The
corneal conj unctiva.

ectocuneiform (ek-to-ku-ne' -e-form) [ecto-; cunei-
form]. 1. Relating to the outer cuneiform bone of
the foot. 2. The outer cuneiform bone.

ectoderm (ek'-to-derm) [ecto-; bkpua, skin]. The
outer of the two primitive layers of the embryo ; the
epiblast.

ectodermal, ectodermic (ek-to-der'-mal, -mik) [see
ectoderm]. Relating to the ectoderm; applied to
structures derived from the upper epithelial layers of
the derma, as hair, chitin, enamel, etc.

ectoentad (ek-to-en-tad) [ecto-; ivrbs, within; ad,
to]. From without inward.

ectogastrocnemius (ek-to-gas-trok-ne'-me-us). The
gastrocnemius externus muscle. See muscles, table of.

ectogenous (ek-toj'-en-us) [ecto-; ytwav, to pro-
duce]. Capable of growth outside of the body;
applied especially to bacteria and other parasites.

ectoglobular {ek-to- glob' -u-lar). Formed outside
the blood-globules.

ectogluteus (ek-to-glu-te'-us). The external gluteus
muscle, or gluteus maximus. See muscles, table of.

ectokelostomy (ek-to-kel-os'-to-me) [ecto-; k^Xj;,
hernia; a-rbna, a mouth]. Vitrac's operation, by
which the sac of an infected inguinal hernia is kept
open with drainage, the whole being displaced

through a counteropening in the abdominal wall,
the hernia being then cured radically.

ectolecithal (ek-to-les' -ith-al) [ecto- ; \kniBos, yolk]. In
embryology, applied to such eggs as have the forma-
tion-yolk enclosed in a superficial layer of food-yolk.

ectoloph (ek'-to-lof) [ecto-; Xo<£os, ridge]. The
external ridge of the upper molar teeth of the horse.

ectomarginal (ek-to-mar'-jin-al). Situated on the
external aspect and near the margin.

ectomere (ek'-to-mer) [ecto-; nepos, a share].
Any one of the cells of the ovum that are destined
to take part in forming the ectoderm.

ectomia {ek-to' -me-ah) [«c, out; rkuveiv, to cut].
Excision, amputation.

-ectomy [Ik, out; rkp.vt.iv, to cut]. A suffix mean-
ing a cutting out.

ectopagia (ek-to-pa'-je-ah) [ecto-; irdyos, a fixture].
The condition of being ectopagous; an ectopagous
monstrosity.

ectopagous (ek-top'-ag-us) [ecto-; irayos, a fixture].
Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectopagus.

ectopagus (ek-top'-ag-us) [ecto-; irayels, united].
A twin monstrosity united laterally the full extent
of the thorax.

ectoparasitic (ek-to-par-as-it'-ik) [ectoparasite]. Of
the nature of or pertaining to an ectoparasite.

ectoparasite (ek-to-par'-as-lt) [ecto-; parasite],
A parasite that lives on the exterior of its host.

ectopectoral (ek-to-pek' -tor-al) . The outer of the
two pectoral muscles; the pectoralis major.

ectoperitonitis (ek-to-per-it-on-i'-tis) [ecto-; peri-
tonitis]. Inflammation of the attached side of the
peritoneum.

ectophyte (ek' '-to-fit) [ecto-; <t>vrbv, a plant]. An
external parasitic plant-growth; a vegetable parasite
on the skin.

ectophytic {ek-to- fit' -ik) [ecto-; <pvrbv, a plant].
Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectophyte.

ectopia (ek-to' -pe-ah) [exroiros, displaced]. An
abnormality of position, usually congenital, e. ani,
prolapse of the anus. e. bulbi. See e. oculi. e.
cordis. See ectocardia. e. lentis, dislocation or
congenital malposition of the crystalline lens. e.
oculi, abnormal position of the eyeball in the orbit,
e. pupillae. See corectopia. e. renis, floating kidney.
e. testis, abnormal position of the testicle, e. vesicae,
protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the
abdomen.

ectopic (ek-top'-ik) [ectopia]. In an abnormal posi-
tion, e. gestation, extrauterine gestation.

ectoplasm (ek'-to-plazm) [ecto-; irXaxraeiv, to form].
The outer, hyaline, more compact layer of proto-
plasm of a cell or unicellular organism.

ectoplasmatic (ek-to- plaz-mat'-ik) . See ectoplastic.

ectoplastic (ek-to-plas'-tik). Relating to ectoplasm;
applied to cells in which the ectoplasm is undergoing
changes.

ectopocystic (ek-to-po-sist'-ik). Relating to ecto-
pocystis.

ectopocystis (ek-to-po-sist'-is) [ectopia; kvotis, the
bladder]. Displacement of the bladder.

ectopotomy (ek-to-pot'-o-me) [ectopia; rkpveiv,
to cut]. Laparotomy for the removal of the contents
of an extrauterine gestation-sac.

ectopy (ek'-to-pe). Same as ectopia.

ectorbital (ekt-orV -it-al) . Relating to the temporal
part of the orbits.

ectoretina (ek-to-ret'-in-ah) [ecto-; retina]. The
external and pigmentary layer of the retina.

ectorganism (ekt-or' -gan-izm) . An organism, ex-
ternal to another. Cf . ectoparasite.

ectosac (ek'-to-sak) [ecto-; acuacos, a sac]. The
limiting membrane of an ovum.

ectosarc (ek'-to-sark) [ecto-; aap£, flesh]. The
outer layer of protozoa; same as ectoplasm, q. v.

ectoskeletal (ek-to-skeV -et-al) . Relating to the
exoskeleton; exoskeletal.

ectoskeleton (ekto-skel'-et-un). Same as exo-
skeleton.

ectospore (ek'-to-spor). See exospore.

ect osteal (ek-tos'-te-al) [ecto-; borkov, a bone].
Relating to, situated or occurring outside of, a bone.

ectosteomyces (ekt-os-te-o-mi'-sez) [ecto-; borkov,
a bone; tivK-qt, a fungus]. A fungous newgrowth
from a bone.

ectostosis (ek-tos-to'-sis) [ecto-; barkov, a bone].
The growth of bone from without; ossification that
begins at the perichondrium, or future periosteum.

ectothalamus (ek-to-thaV -am-us) [ecto-; thalamus].
The external medullary layer of the thalamus.

ECTOTHRIX

314

EDEMATOSCHEOCELE

ectothrix (ek'-to-thriks) [ecto-; 0pi%, hair]. An
organism parasitic upon the hair. Cf. trichophyton.

ectotoxemia (ek-to-toks-e'-me-ah). Toxemia due
to an external cause.

ectotoxin (ek-to-toks'-in). Same as exotoxin.

ectotrochanter (ek-to-tro-kan'-ter) [ecto-; trochanter].
The greater trochanter.

ectozoon (ek-to-zo'-on) [ecto-; $o>ov, an animal: pi.,
ectozoa]. An external animal parasite; an ecto-
parasite.

ectrodactylia, ectrodactylism (ek-tro-dak-til'-e-ah,
ek-tro-dak' -til-izm) [«Tpw/xa, abortion; S&ktvXos,
finger]. Congenital absence of any of the fingers
or toes.

ectrogenic (ek-tro-jen'-ik) [ecrpwMa, abortion;
yewav, to produce]. Due to some loss of tissue,
chiefly congenital.

ectrogeny (ek-troj'-en-e) [&crpuna, abortion; ^evvav,
to produce]. Loss or congenital absence of any part
or organ.

ectroma (ek-tro'-mah) [e/crpw/za, abortion: pi., ectro-
mata]. An aborted ovum or fetus.

ectromelus (ek-trom'-el-us) [hcrpuavs, abortion;
neKos, a limb]. A single autositic monster charac-
terized by the presence of imperfectly formed limbs.

ectropia (ek-tro' -pe-ah). See exstrophy, e., in-
testinal. See adenoma, umbilical.

ectropic (ek-trop'-ik). Turned out or everted.

ectropion (ek-tro'-pe-on) [£k, out; rpeireiv, to turn].
Eversion of a part, especially of an eyelid.

ectropionization (ek-tro-pe-on-iz-a'-shun). Inver-
sion of the upper eyelid and exposure of the con-
junctiva to facilitate therapeutic manipulation.

ectropionize (ek-tro' '-pe-on-iz) [ectropion]. To
produce, by operation, the condition of ectropion.

ectropium (ek-tro' -pe-um). Same as ectropion.

ectropodism (ek-trop'-od-izm) [&crpwp.a, abortion;
7rou5, foot]. Congenital absence of one or more toes.

ectrosis (ek-tro' -sis). An abortion, or the pro-
duction of an abortion.

ectrotic (ek-trot'-ik). Tending to cut short; pre-
venting the development of disease; abortive; aborti-
facient.

ectylotic (ek-til-ot'-ik) [£k, away; riiXos, callus].
Tending to remove warts or indurations.

eczema (ek'-ze-mah) [en$elv, to boil over]. Tetter;
an acute or chronic, noncontagious, inflammatory
disease of the skin, characterized by multiformity of
lesions, and the presence, in varying degrees, of
itching, infiltration, and discharge. The skin is
reddened, the redness shading off insensibly into the
surrounding unaffected parts, e. arthriticum, a
vesicular form occurring about gouty joints, e.
erythematosum, the mildest form of eczema, in
which the skin is reddened and slightly swollen.
e. fissum, a form affecting the hands and skin over
the articulations, and characterized by the forma-
tion of deep, painful cracks or fissures, e. hyper-
trophicum, a form characterized by permanent hyper-
trophy of the papillae of the skin, giving rise to
general or limited warty outgrowths, e., lichenoid,
that marked by thickening of the epidermis, e.
madidans, a form characterized by large, raw, weeping
surfaces studded with red points. It follows e. vesi-
culosum. Syn., eczema rubrum. e. marginatum,
the most severe form of ringworm of the body. Its
seats are the groin, axilla, crotch, and occasionally
the popliteal space. Its lesion is marked by a
well-defined, festooned, raised margin, e. papu-
losum, a variety associated with the formation of
minute papules of a deep-red color and firm con-
sistence, and accompanied by intense itching.
e. pustulosum, the stage of eczema characterized by
the formation of pustules, e. rubrum. See e.
madidans. e. seborrhoicum. Synonym of seborrhea.
e. solare, that form due to irritation from the rays
of the sun. e. squamosum, a variety characterized
by the formation of adherent scales of shed epithe-
lium, e. sudamen, e. sudorale, that due to excess
of perspiration, e. sycomatosum, e. sycosiforme,
a pustular form occurring on the hairy parts and
affecting the hair-follicles, e. tyloticum, a form
occurring on the palmar aspect of the hands and
fingers and attended with callosity, e. vesiculosum,
an eczema characterized by the presence of vesicles.

eczematization (ek-ze-mat-i-za'-shun). A condition
of the skin marked by persistent eczema-like lesions,
due to continued injury from scratching.

eczematoid (ek-zem' -at-oid) . Resembling an ec-

eczematosis (ek-zem-at-o'-sis) [pi., eczematoses].
Any eczematous skin-disease.

eczematous (ek-zem' -at-us) [eczema]. Of the nature
of or affected with eczema.

eczemine (ek'-zem-en). A white, crystalline
substance, soluble in water, feebly alkaline in reac-
tion, extracted from the urine in eczema; toxic.

eczemogenous (ek-zem-oj'-en-us) [eczema; ytwav,
to produce]. Giving rise to eczema.

Eddyism (ed'-e-izm). A form of faith-cure propa-
gated, under the name of Christian Science, by an
American woman, Mary Patterson Baker Glover
Eddy, known to her followers as "Mother Eddy."

edea, sedoea (e-de'-ah) [aldola, the genitals]. The
genital organs, particularly the external genitals.

edeagra, asdoeagra (e-de-a'-grah) [edea; ay pa, a
seizure]. Pain or gout in the genitalia.

edeatrophia, aedoeatrophia (e-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [edea;
arpwpla, a wasting]. Atrophy or wasting of the
genital organs.

edeauxe, asdceauxe (e-de-awks'-e) [edea; av£r},
increase]. Swelling or hypertrophy of the genitals.

Edebohls' operation (ed'-e-bolz) [George Michael
Edebohls, American surgeon, 1853-1908]. Decap-
sulation or decortication, of the kidney. E.'s posi-
tion, or posture. _ See Simon's posture.

edeitis, ssdceitis (e-de-i'-tis) [edea; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the external genitals.

edema, oedema (e-de'-mah) [oldrjua; olSelv, to
swell]. An infiltration of serum in a part, e., acute.
See ce. calidum. e., angioneurotic. See angioneurotic
edema, e., blue, edema with cyanosis, seen in
hysterical paralysis accompaniedy«with pain. 02.
calidum, that due to a serous exuoVfeion; it is sudden
in its onset and resembles acute inanimation, ce.
capitis, a serous effusion into the sur Cutaneous areolar
tissue of the scalp, oe. cardiaca (r./the kidney), the
change in the kidneys due to passive congestion in
consequence of heart disease, e., cerebral. See
hydrocephalus, e., collateral, the serous infiltration
of the tissue encircling an inflamed part, e., compact
(of infants), a variety of scleroderma neonatorum
in which the skin is edematous. Syn., scleroderma
cedematosa. e., cretinoid. See myxedema, ce. ex
vacuo, edema of a part to counteract the tendency
to a vacuum caused by atrophy of some neighboring
part, e., febrile purpuric, localized edema accom-
panying an eruption of purpura urticans about the
joints, and rheumatic fever, oe. frigidum, a chronic
swelling, cold to the touch and painless, oe. fugax,
edema due to atmospheric changes occurring in the
face, eyelids, and neck of chlorotic patients, e.,
glottidial. See laryngeal edema, e., infectious. See
e., malignant, e., inflammatory, .a serous infiltration
into inflamed tissue, e., Iwanoff's. See under
Iwanoff. e., laryngeal. See laryngeal edema, e.,
malignant, an edematous inflammation that occurs at
times after serious injuries, and is characterized by
its rapid spread, the speedy destruction of the tissue
involved, and the formation of gas. It is due to the
bacillus of malignant edema, e., neuroparalytic,
e., neuropathic, that due to paralysis of the vaso-
motor nerves or to neuroparalytic congestion.
oe. oculi. See hydt -ophthalmia, oe. oedematodes.
See oe. frigidum. e., paroxysmal pulmonary, a rare
form of edema of the lungs marked by rapid onset,
imminent asphyxia, and copious albuminous ex-
pectoration. The attack, lasting from a few minutes
to some days, may terminate fatally or the symptoms
may disappear, oe. puerperarum, phlegmasia alba
dolens. e., purulent, a purulent infiltration in which
there is a great deal of fluid, e., retinal, the develop-
ment of irregular spaces filled with transparent fluid
at the periphery of the retina occurring after middle
age. oe. scleroticum, edema attended with indura-
tion.

edemamycosis, oedemamycosis (e-de-mah-mi-ko'-
sis) [edema; juuktjs, fungus]. The name applied by
Edington to an ectogenous infective disease, com-
monly referred to as African horse-sickness; it is
characterized by intense congestion of the blood-ves-
sels with consequent edema of the lungs and at times
of the subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck.

edemania, sedoemania (e-de-ma'-ne-ah). See nym-
phomania.

edematization (e-dem-at-iz-a'-shun) [edema]. Edema
of the tissues produced by the injection of a 2 %
salt solution at a temperature lower than that of the
body.

edematoscheocele (e-dem-at-os-ke'-o-sel) [edema;

EDEMATOUS

315

EHRLICH'S ANEMIA

3<rx»7, the scrotum; K17X77, a tumor]. Edematous
oscheocele.

edematous {e-dem'-at-us). Pertaining to or char-
acterized by edema.

edemerysipelas (e-dem-er-e-sip'-e-las). Edematous
erysipelas.

edentate (e-den'-tate) [e, priv.; dens, tooth]. With-
out teeth.

edentation (e-den-ta'-shun) [e, without; dens, a
tooth]. A deprivation of teeth.

edentulous (e-den'-tu-lus) [e, without; dens, a
tooth]. Without teeth (applied to one who has
lost his teeth).

edeodynia, aedceodynia (e-de-o-din'-e-ah) [edea;
odvvri, pain]. _ Any pain in the genital organs.

edeogargalismus, aedceogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-
iz'-mus) [edea; yapya.\iap.6s, a tickling]. Masturba-
tion.

edeography, aedoeography (e-de-og'-ra-fe) [edea;
ypafoiv, to write]. A description of the genitalia.

edeology, aadceology (e-de-ol'-o-je) [edea; X670S,
science]. A treatise or monograph on the organs of
generation.

edeomycodermatitis, aedceomycodermatitis (e-de-
o-mi-ko-der-mat-i'-tis) [edea; hvkos, mucus; Sepp.a,
skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of any of the genital organs.

edeomania, aedoeomania (e-de-o-ma'-ne-ah) [edea;
pLavLa, madness]. Nymphomania; satyriasis.

edeopsophy, aedceopsophy (e-de-op'-so-fe) [edea;
yj/cxpeiv, to utter a noise]. The emission of sounds
from the genital organs (as from the bladder or
vagina).

edeoptosis, aedceoptosis (e-de-op-to'-sis) [edea;
-7r7wis, a fall]. Prolapse of some portion of the
genital apparatus.

edeoscopy, aedoeoscopy (e-de-os'-ko-pe) [edea;
ffKowelv, to inspect]. An inspection or professional
examination of the genital organs.

edeotomy, asdoeotomy (e-de-ot'-o-me) [edea-; tow,
a cutting]. The anatomy or dissection of the
genital organs.

edestin (ed-est'-in). The chief and characteristic
protein of the seeds of sunflower, hemp, squash, and
castor-oil bean.

edible (ed'-ib-l) [edibilis, eatable]. A qualification
applied to food, the condition of which is good and
wholesome.

Edinger's law (ed'-ing-er) [Ludwig Edinger, German
anatomist, 1855- ]. A regular and gradual
increase of function of a neuron leads at first to
increased growth; if carried to excess, especially if
irregular and spasmodic, it results in atrophy and
degeneration, and ultimately in proliferation of the
surrounding tissue. E.'s nucleus, the nucleus of the
posterior longitudinal bundle, an aggregation of
ganglion-cells in the gray matter of the third ventricle
at the beginning of the Sylvian aqueduct.

Edinger-Westphal's nucleus (ed'-ing-er-vest'-fahl)
[Edinger; Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, German
neurologist, 1833-1890]. One of the nuclei of the
third cranial nerve in the region of the anterior
corpora quadrigemina below the Sylvian aqueduct.

edipism (ed'-ip-izm) [CEdipus, King of Thebes, who
put out his own eyes because he had killed his father
unwittingly]. Selfinflicted injury to the eyes.

Edsall's disease (ed'-sal) [David Linn Edsall,
American physician, 1869- ]• Heat cramp.

educt (e'-dukt) [e, out; ducere, to draw]. A com-
pound that exists in any substance and is extracted
from it by a chemical or pharmaceutical process;
opposed to product.

edulcorant (e-dul' -kor-ant) [edulcare, to sweeten].
Sweetening; corrective of acidity or of acrimony.

edulcoration {e-dul-kor-a' -shun) [edulcare, to sweet-
en]. In chemistry, the act or process of sweetening;
the removal of soluble or saline matters by washing.

effector (ef-ek'-tor). A name given by Sherring-
ton to nerve endings in organs, glands or muscles,
which are consequently called effector organs. The
term is opposed to receptor.

effeminacy (ef-em' '-in-as-e) . See feminism.

effemination (ef-em-in-a'-shun) [effeminare, to
make womanish]. The state of being effeminate.

efferent (ef-er-ent) [efferens, carrying from.]
Carrying away, as efferent nerves, nerves conveying
impulses away from the central nervous system; of
blood-vessels, conveying blood away from the tissues;
of lymphatics, conveying lymph from the lymphatic
glands.

effervescent (ef-er-ves'-ent) [effervescere, to boil up].
Susceptible of being made to effervesce, or to dissolve
with foaming and with the escape of a gas, such as
carbon dioxide.

effervescing (ef-er-ves'-ing) [effervescere, to boil up].
Giving off gas-bubbles; foaming, e. powder. See
Seidlitz powder.

effete (ef-el') [L., effetus]. Exhausted, worn out.

effleurage (ef-lur-azh) [Ft.]. In massage, the
stroking movement.

efflorescence (ef-lor-es'-ens) [efflorescere, to bloom].
I. The spontaneous conversion of a crystalline sub-
stance into powder by a loss of its water of crystal-
lization. 2. The eruption of an exanthematous

effluent (ef'-lu-ent) [efftuere, to flow out]. An
outflow. The fluid discharged from works for the
treatment of sewage.

effluvium (ef-lu'-ve-um) [efftuere, to flow out; pi.,
effluvia]. Any subtle emanation from a substance or
person, especially one that is offensively odoriferous.

efflux (ef-fluks), or effluxion (ef-fluk'-shun) [ef-
fluxio; effluxus, an outflow]. 1. An outflow; that
which flows out. 2. Abortion, or the escape of the
embryo from the uterus during a very early stage of
pregnancy.

effracture (ef-frak'-chur). Fracture of the cranium,
with depression of one or more fragments.

effumability (ef-u-ma-bil'-i-te). Capacity for vola-
tilization.

effuse (ef-uz') [effusion]. Spread out, said of a
bacterial culture that is thin, and widely spreading.

effusion (ef-u'-zhun) [eff under e, to pour out].
1. A pouring-out, especially the pouring-out of
blood or serum into the cellular tissues or the serous
cavities. 2. The effused fluid, e., pericardial, an
effusion into the pericardium. For signs of, see
Auenbrugger, Ewart, Rolch, Roth, Sansom, and Sibson.
e., pleural, an effusion into the pleura. For signs of,
see Baccelli, Kellock, Litten, de Mussey, Pitres, Sieur,
Skoda, and Williams.

egagropilus (e-gag-rop'-il-us) [alyaypos, a goat;
7riXos, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed of hair.

egertic (e-jer'-tik) [lyeipeiv, to awaken]. Causing
wakefulness.

egest (e-jest') [egerere, to discharge]. To void, as
excrement; to defecate.

egesta (e-jes'-tah) [egerere, to cast out]. The
discharges of the bowels or other excretory organs.

egestion (e-jes'-chun) [egestio, that which is voided].
Defecation; expulsion of excrements or excretion.

egg (eg). See ovum, e.-albumin, albumin, in
white of egg, constituting about 60 % of the egg of
the domestic fowl.

egiiops, aegilops (e'-jil-ops) [ai£, a goat; u^, eye].
Abscess, with perforation, at the inner canthus of
the eye, supposed to be a result of lacrimal fistula.
See anchylops.

eglandular (e-glan'-du-lar) [e, priv.: glandula, a
gland]. Destitute of glands.

eglandulose (e-glan'-du-los) [e, priv.; glandula, a
gland]. Same as eglandular.

egmol (eg'-mol). Trade name of an emulsion of
egg and olive oil.

egobronchophony (e-go-brong-koff'-o-ne). A com-
bination of egophony and bronchophony.

egols (e-golz'). Compounds of mercury with
parasulphonic acid and a phenol. They are red-
brown powders, soluble and emetic.

egomania (eg-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ego, I; fiavia, madness].
Abnormal self-esteem.

egophony (e-gof'-o-ne) [al£, a wild goat; tpupfi,
the voice]. A modification of bronchophony, in
which the voice has a bleating character, like that
of a kid. It is heard in pleurisy with slight effusion.

egregorsis (eg-re-gor'-sis) [eyeipeiv, to wake].
Morbid wakefulness; insomnia.

Egyptian chlorosis (e-jip'-shun). See ankylostomi-
asis. E. ophthalmia. See trachoma.

Ehrenritter's ganglion (air'-en-rit-er). The jugular
ganglion.

Ehret's paralysis (air'-et) [Heinrich Ehret, German
physician, 1870- ]. A traumatic neurosis fol-
lowing injury to the inner side of the foot or ankle,
consisting in spasmodic contracture of the muscles
which raise the inner border of the foot and functional
paralysis of the peroneal muscles.

Ehrlich's anemia {air'-likh) [Paul Ehrlich, German
bacteriologist, 1854- ]. A plastic anemia.
A rapidly progressing anemia with hyperplasia of

EHRLICH-HATA'S "606"

316

ELASTOMETER

the bone-marrow and hemorrhages into the mucous
membranes. E.'s biochemical theory, the theory
that a specific chemical affinity exists between specific
living cells and specific chemical substances. E.'s
method, the use of a saturated solution of anilin
in water, as a mordant for better fixing the anilin
dyes^ used in staining bacteria. E.'s method for the
fixation of blood-films consists in boiling the speci-
men for one minute in a test-tube containing absolute
alcohol. E.'s reaction, the treatment of the urine
with diazobenzosulphuric acid produces a deep-red
color that is due to a combination of the reagent
with an aromatic amido-compound found in the
urine in typhoid fever and pneumonia; frequently
also in pleurisy, measles, tuberculosis, erysipelas,
and peritonitis. To produce this reaction, equal
parts of the reagent and urine are mixed and about
one-eighth of their total volume of ammonia is added.
The reagent consists of two solutions: (1) Sulphanilic
acid, 1 Gm.; hydrochloric acid, 10 Cc; distilled
water, 200 Cc. (2) Sodium nitrite, 0.5 Gm. ; distilled
water, 100 Cc. E.'s side-chain theory, a theory
based upon the phenomena of immunity, q. v.,
and of cytolysis, and serving to explain these. In
this connection see receptor, haptophore, haptin,
amboceptor, uniceptor, complement, toxophore. E.'s
solution, a solution of a basic anilin dye in anilin
oil and water.

Ehrlich-Hata's "606" {air'-likh-hah'-tah) [Ehrlich;
S. Hata, Japanese physician]. Dioxydiamidoarse-
nobenzol; salvarsan. A synthetic compound consid-
ered a specific for syphilis. It is administered by in-
travenous or intramuscular injection. Dose 0.3 to
0.6 gm.

Eichhorst's corpuscles (ik'-horst) [Hermann Lud-
wig Eichhorst, Swiss physician, 1849- ]. Small,
spherical blood-corpuscles found in pernicious
anemia and formerly regarded as characteristic of
this disease. E.'s neuritis, a form of neuritis in
which the morbid process involves both the nerve-
sheath and the interstitial tissue of the muscles.
Syn., neuritis fascians. E.'s type of progressive
muscular atrophy, the femorotibial type.

Eichstedt's disease (ik'-sted) [Karl Ferdinand
Eichstedt, German physician, 18 16-1892]. Pityriasis
versicolor.

eidoptometry (i-dop-tom'-et-re) [elSos, appearance;
birrtiv, to see; ukrpov, measure]. The estimation of
the acuity of vision.

eighth nerve. The auditory nerve.
eigon (i'-gon). A compound of iodine and albumin
used as a substitute for iodine, a-eigon, albumin-
iodatum, a brown powder, odorless and tasteless;
contains 20 % of iodine; soluble in alkalies and acids;
insoluble in water, a-eigon-sodium, sodium iodo-
albuminatum, a white, odorless, nearly tasteless
powder containing 15 % of iodine. /3-eigon, peptone
iodate, a yellow powder, odorless and tasteless;
contains is % of iodine. It is recommended as a
substitute for iodine when there is digestive weakness.
Dose 45-150 gr. (3-10 Gm.) daily, a- and /3-eigons
are also used as dusting-powders.

Eijkman's test for phenol (ik'-man). Add to the
phenol solution a few drops of an alcoholic solution
of nitrous acid, ethyl ether, and an equal amount of
concentrated sulphuric acid. A red coloration is
produced.

eilema (i-le'-mah) [etXeiv, to twist; pi., eilemata].
A pain or colic of the bowels; volvulus; tormina.

eiloid (i'-loid) [el\eiv, to coil; eldos, form].
Having a coiled structure, as an eiloid tumor.

Eimeria {i-me'-re-a). A genus of protozoa; the
same as coccidia in the asexual stage.

Einhorn's method (in'-horn) [Max Einhorn,
American physician, 1862- ]. 1. A method of
ascertaining the condition of the gastric secretion.
An apparatus termed a stomach-bucket, consisting
of a small oval silver vessel, if cm. long and f cm.
wide, is attached to a silk thread, in which at a
distance of 40 cm. from the bucket a knot is made.
The patient swallows the bucket, and when the
knot enters the mouth the operator knows that the
bucket is in the stomach. It is withdrawn after
remaining there five minutes, and its contents are
tested. Resistance to its removal may be overcome
by having the patient expire deeply or swallow once.
2. See gastrodiaphany.

Einthoven's string galvanometer (int'-ho-fen) [W.
Einthoven, Dutch physiologist]. See electrocardio-
graph.

eisanthema {i-san-the'-mah) [«Is, into; b.vOi)na,
inflorescence: pi., eisanthemata]. An exanthem on a
mucous membrane. See enanthema.

Eiselt's reaction for melanin in urine (i'-selt).
Concentrated nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium
dichromate, or other oxidizing agents render urine
containing melanin dark colored.

eisenzucker (i'-zen-zuk'-er) [Germ, eisen, iron;
zucker, sugar]. Saccharated ferric oxide; it consists
of ferric hydroxide, sugar, and sodium hydroxide.
eisodic (ts-od'-ik). Same as esodic.
eisophobia (i-so-fo'-be-ah). Synonym of agora-
phobia.

eisophoria (i-so-fo'-re-ah). Same as esophoria.
eispnea (is-pne'-ah) [ho-wai\, a breathing into].
Inspiration; the inhaling of the breath.

Eitelberg's test ii'-tel-berg) [Abraham Eitelberg,
Austrian physician, 1847- ]. If a large tuning-
fork is held at intervals before the ear during" 15
or 20 minutes, the duration of the perception of the
vibration, during these periods, increases in case the
ear is normal, but decreases when a lesion of the
sound-conducting apparatus exists.

eitnerin (it'-ner-in). A German substitute! for
yolk of egg.

eiweiss milch (i'-vis milk) [Ger. eiweiss, albumen
milch, milk]. A preparation used for feeding infants
it consists of broken up curd from which the whey
has been removed, boiled buttermilk and malt
sugar are then mixed with it.

ejaculation (e-jak-u-la'-shun) [ejaculatio, a throwing
out]. The ejection of the semen.

ejaculatory {e-jak'-u-la-tor-e) [ejaculation]. Throw-
ing or casting out. e. duct. See duct, ejaculatory.

ejecta (e-jek'-tah) [L., pi. of ejectum]. Things or
materials cast out; excretions or excrementitious
matters.

ejection (e-jek'-shun) [ejectio, a casting out].^ The
casting out of excretions or of excrementitious
matters; that which is cast out.

ekaiodoform (ek-ah-i-o' -do-form). A combination
of iodoform and 0.5 % of paraformaldehyde. It is
used as a dressing for wounds.

ekiri {ek-e'-re). A severe type of infantile diarrhea
occurring in Japan.

ektogan (ek'-to-gan). The commercial name for
zinc peroxide; it is used externally.

ekzemin (ek'-ze-min). An ointment consisting of
precipitated sulphur with coloring-mattef and
perfume.

elaboration (e-lab-or-a'-shun) [elaborare, to work

out]. In physiology, any anabolic process, such as

that of making crude food into higher tissue-products.

elacin (el'-a-sin). Basophile elastin.

elseometer, elaiometer (el-e-om'-et-ur, el-a-i-om'-

et-ur). See eleometer.

elaeomyenchysis. See eleomyenchysis.
elaeoptene. See eleoptene.

elaidin (e-la'-id-in) [IXcus, the olive-tree], C57H104O6.
A white, crystalline, fatty substance, isomeric with
olein, produced by the action of HNO3 upon certain
oils, especially castor-oil.

elain (e-la'-in). See eleoptene.
elarson (el-ar'-son). Trade name for the strontium
salt of chlorarsenobehenolic acid; it contains about
13 per cent, of elementary arsenic and about 6;, per
cent, of chlorine. It has been used in anemias, neu-
ralgias, chorea, and various skin diseases.

elastic {e-las'-tik) [iXavvew, to urge forward].
Returning to the original form after being stretched
or compressed, e. bandage, a rubber bandage
exerting continuous compression of a. part. e.
lamina, Descemet's membrane, e. stocking, a rubber
stocking exerting continuous pressure, e. tissue,
a variety of connective tissue composed^of yellow
elastic fibers.

elastica (e-las'-tik-ah). The official name for rub-
ber. See caoutchouc.

elasticin (el-as'-tis-in). See elastin.
elasticity (e-las-tis'-it-e). The property exhibited
by some substances of returning to their original
shape after the removal of a deforming force.

elastin (e-las'-tin) [see elastic]. An albuminoid
substance forming the basis of elastic tissue. ■& i
elastinase (e-las' -tin-as). A ferment that dis-
solves elastin.

elastoid degeneration (e-las'-toid). Hyaline de-
generation of the elastic fibers in the wall of an
artery; it occurs during involution of the uterus,
elastometer (e-las-tom'-et-er) [elastic; ukrpov, a

ELASTOSE

317

ELECTROKINETIC

measure]. An apparatus for determining the elas-
ticity of tissues.

elastose (e-las'-tos). One of the forms of peptone
resulting from the gastric digestion of elastin.

elater (el'-at-er) [iXarrip, a driver, hurlerj. In
biology, (a) one of the thread-like, usually spirally-
coiled, bodies found in the sporangia of mosses, liver-
worts, and equisetum. They serve for the dispersion
of spores. (b) One of the free filaments of the
capillitium of the slime-moulds, (c) One of the anal
bristles of the insect called spring-tail.

elaterin, elaterinum (el-at'-er-in, el-at-er-i'-num)
[elaterium], C20H28O5. A neutral principle obtained
from Ecballium elaterium. It is a powerful hydra-
gogue cathartic. Dose -£$ gr. (0.0032 Gm.). e.,
powder of, compound, contains elaterin, 1; sugar of
milk, 39 parts. Dose £-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.).
e., trituration of (trituratio elaterini, U. S. P.), elaterin,
10; sugar of milk, 90 parts; thoroughly mixed. Dose
£-f gr. (0.032-0.04 Gm.).

elaterium (el-at-e'-re-um) [iXarriptos, driving
away]. The dried sediment from the juice of the
squirting cucumber, Ecballium elaterium. It is a
powerful hydragogue cathartic. Dose | gr. (0.008
Gm.).

elaterometer (e-lat-er-om'-et-er) [IXarrip, a driver;
likrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for determining
the elasticity of gases.

elayl (el'-al) . See ethylene.

elbow (el' -bo). The region corresponding to the
junction of the arm and forearm; the bend of the
arm. e.-bone, the ulna, e.-jerk, a reflex flexion
of the elbow on striking the biceps tendon.

elcoplasty (el'-ko-plas-te). See helcoplasty.

elcosis (eUko'-sis). See helcosis.

elder (el'-der). See Sambucus.

elecampane (el-e-kam' -pan) . See inula.

electrargol (e-lek-trar'-gol). Trade name of a
sterile solution of electric colloidal silver.

electric, electrical (e-lek' -trik, e-lek' -trik-al) [elec-
tricity]. Having the nature of or produced by elec-
tricity, e. chorea. See Dubini's disease, e. dis-
charger, an instrument for liberating stored elec-
tricity, e.-light treatment, the therapeutic applica-
tion of electric light by means of cabinets in which
the patient sits with the light directed upon the
affected part. It is used in rheumatism, neuralgia,
etc.

electrician (e-lek-trish'-an). 1. One skilled in
electric science or a manipulator of electric apparatus.
2. One who employs electricity in the treatment of
disease.

electricity (e-lek-tris'-it-e) [rjX&iTpov, amber]. One
of the forces of nature developed or generated by
chemism, magnetism, or friction, e., animal, free
electricity in the body, e., chemical. See e., galvanic.
e., faradic, that produced by induction, e., frank-
linic, frictional or static electricity, e., frictional,
that produced by friction, e., galvanic, that which
is generated by chemical action in a galvanic cell.
e. induced, or inductive, that produced in a body by
proximity to an electrified body, e., magnetic,
that developed by bringing a conductor near the poles
of a magnet, .e., static, frictional electricity, e.,
voltaic, galvanic or chemical electricity.

electrification (e-lek-trif-ik-a'-shun). See electriza-
tion.

electrify (e-lek' -tr if -i) [electric; facer e, to make].
To make electric.

electrization (e-lek-triz-a'-shun) [electricity]. The
application of electricity to the body, e., intra-
gastric, electrotherapy practised by the introduction
of an electrode into the stomach. Cf. electrode,
deglutable.

electro- (e-lek-tro-) [electricity]. A prefix denoting
connection with or relation to electricity.

electroanesthesia (e-lek-tro-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [elec-
tro-; ivaurdtiaLa, want of feeling]. 1. Inability to
perceive the sensation made by electricity upon the
skin. 2. Local anesthesia induced by the introduc-
tion of anesthetizing substances into the tissues by
means of the electric current without injury to the
skin. It is called the cataphoretic method.

electrobiology (e-lek-tro-bi-ol'-o-je) [electro-; bi-
ology]. 1. The science of the electrical relations and
laws of organic beings. 2. A modern term for
mesmerism or hypnotism.

electrobioscopy (e-lek-tro-bi-os'-ko-pe) [electro-; /3u>s,
life: o-Koirelv, to view]. The test of the existence of
life by means of electricity.

electrocapillarity (e-lek-tro-kap-il-ar'-it-e). See ac-
tion, electrocapillary.

electrocardiogram (e-lek-tro-kar'-de-o-gram) [elec-
tro-; Kapdia, heart; ypap.p.a, a writing]. A registra-
tion of electromotive variations in heart-action.

electrocardiograph (e-lek-tro-kar'-de-o-graf) [elec-
tro-; Kapdia, heart; ypcupeiv, to write]. An instru-
ment for recording the electromotive variations in
the action of the heart muscle.

electrocatalysis (e-lek-tro-kat-al'-is-is) [electro-;
catalysis]. Catalysis or chemical decomposition
produced by the action of electricity.

electrocautery (e-lek-tro-kaw'-ter-e). See galvano-
cautery.

electrochemical (e-lek-tro-kem'-i-kaV). Pertaining
to electrochemistry.

electrochemism (e-lek-lro-kem'-izm). The theory
that all chemical action is caused by electricity.

electrochemistry (e-lek-tro-kem'-is-tre) [electro- ;
xvpela, chemistry]. The science treating of the
chemical changes produced by electricity.

electrocoagulation (e-lek-tro-ko-ag-u-la'-shun). The
destruction or hardening of tumors or tissues by co-
agulation induced by the passage of high-frequency
currents.

electroconductivity (e-lek-tro-kon-duk-tiv'-it-e). Ca-
pability for transmitting electricity.

electrocution (e-lek-tro-ku'-shun) [electro-; execu-
tion]. Judicial execution by electricity.

electrocystoscope (e-lek-tro-sis'-to-skop). A cysto-
scope with electric illumination.

electrocystoscopy (e-lek-tro-sis-tos'-ko-pe). Cysto-
scopy with electric illumination.

electrode (e-lek' -trod) [electro-; 656s, a way].
The pieces of metal or other substance fastened to
the conducting cords of a battery through which
electricity is applied to the body, e., Alleman's, a
device for the application of electricity to cause
absorption of corneal opacities, e., colon (Penning-
ton's), an appliance for hydroelectric applications
to the colon. It is a perforated hollow carbon
electrode connected with the conducting cord by
means of a spiral wire passing through and sur-
rounded by a soft colon tube, through which the colon
may be flushed, with warm water or saline solution.
e., deglutable, an electrode suitable to be passed into
the stomach for intragastric electrization, e., dis-
persing. See e., indifferent, e., exciting, in electro-
therapy, the small electrode used in nerve- and mus-
cle-stimulation, immediately over or near the nerve
to be examined. Syn., localizing electrode. Cf. e.,
indifferent, e., exciting, Erb's, a bundle of 400 metal
threads separated from one another by insulation
and tightly incased in a hard-rubber tube; employed
in electrotherapy, e., indifferent, the large electrode
used in nerve and muscle stimulation at a distance
from the nerve to be examined. Syn., dispersing
electrode. Cf. e., exciting, e., localizing. See e.,
exciting.

electrodiagnosis (e-lek-tro-di-ag-no'-sis) [electro- ;
diagnosis]. Diagnosis by examining the reaction
of the excitable tissues of the body by means of
electric currents.

electrodiaphane (e-lek-tro-di' -af-dn) [electro-; Sia-
4>aiv€iv, to show through]. An apparatus for illumi-
nation of the stomach. Cf . diaphanoscope.

electrodiaphany (e-lek-tro-di-af'-an-e). See dia-
phanoscopy and transillumination.

electrodynamics, electrodynamism (e-lek-tro-di-
nam'-iks, -din'-am-izm) [electro-; dynamic]. The
science of the reciprocal action of electric currents.
"'electrodynamometer (e-lek-tro-di-nam-om'-et-er)
[electro- ; dynamometer]. An instrument for measuring
the strength of electric currents.

electroendoscopy (e-lek-tro-end-os'-ko-pe). See dia-
phanoscopy and transillumination.

electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jen'-es-is) [electro-; ykvean,
production]. Production by electricity. Results
following the application of electricity.

electrogram (e-lek' -tro-gr am) [electro-; yp&nna, a
writing]. A skiagram.

electrograph (e-lek' -tro-gr af). See skiagraph.

electrography (e-lek-trog'-raf-e). 1. Skiagraphy.
2. Electrology.

electrohemostasis (e-lek-tro-hem-os' -ta-sis) [electro- ;
hemostasis]. Arrest of hemorrhage in a tissue or
vessel by grasping it with a forceps, in the jaws of
which heat is generated by an electric current, causing
desiccation of the tissue and union of the arteries.
electrokinetic (e-lek-tro-kin-et'-ik). Electromotive

ELECTROKINETICS

318

ELEMENT

electrokinetics (e-lek-tro-kin-et'-iks) {electro- ; ictveXv,
to move], i. The science of galvanism. 2. The
science of electricity as applied to mechanic motion.

electrolepsy (e-lek' -tro-lep-se) [electro-; epilepsy].
Electric chorea.

electrolithotrity (e-lek-tro-lith-ot'-rit-e) . Disinte-
gration of a vesical calculus by means of electricity.

electrolizer (e-lek' -tro-li-zer). An instrument for
removing strictures by electricity.

electrology(e- lek-trol'-o-je) [electro-; X6>os, science].
That branch of physics treating of the laws and
phenomena of electricity.

electrolysis (e-lek-trol'-is-is) [electro-; Xforts, solu-
tion]. The dissolution of a chemical compound by
an electric current, e., cupric, electrolysis in which a
bulb of chemically pure copper is applied directly
to the diseased area; the copper oxychloride generated
acts as a germicide.

electrolyte (e-lek' '-tro-llt) [see electrolysis). A sub-
stance capable of conducting an electric current
and being decomposed by it.

electrolytic (e-lek-tro-lit'-ik) [see electrolysis]. Re-
lating to electrolysis.

electrolyzer (e-lek'-tro-li-zer). See electrolizer.

electromagnet (e-lek-tro-mag'-net) [electro-; magnet].
A mass of soft iron surrounded by a coil of wire.
A current passing through the wire will make the
iron core magnetic.

electromagnetics (e-lek-tro-mag-net'-iks). 1. The
production of magnetic action by means of electricity.
2. The science of the relation of electricity to mag-
netism.

electromassage (e-lek-tro-mas-azh') [electro-; mas-
sage]. The transmission of a current of electricity
through a kneading instrument. Electric treatment
combined with massage.

electromedication (e-lek-tro-med-ik-a'-shun). The
introduction of medicaments into the system by
electric means.

electrometer (e-lek-trom'-et-er) [electro-; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring electric
force.

electrometry (e-lek-trom'-et-re) [see electrometer].
The measurement of electricity.

electromotive (e-lek-tro-mo'-tiv). 1. Pertaining to
or producing electric action. 2. Producing electricity.
e. force, the force that produces an electric current.
Abbreviated E. M. F.

electromuscular sensibility (e-lek-tro-mus'-ku-lar) .
Sensibility of muscles to stimulation by electricity.

electron (e-lek' -Iron) [ijXeKTpov, amber]. 1. Amber.
2. A term used to represent a separate unit of
electricity. According to J. J. Thompson, the mass
of an electron is about one seventh-hundredth part
of that of the hydrogen atom. 3. The ultimate
particle of negative electricity. Cf. ion and co-
electron.

electronecrosis (e-lek-tro-ne-kro'-sis). See electro-
cution.

electronegative (e-lek-tro-neg'-a-tiv) [electro- ; negare,
to deny]. Pertaining to or charged with negative
electricity.

electroneurotone (e-lek-tro-nil'-ro-ton) [electro-;
yevpov, a nerve; tovos, tone]. An apparatus for
applying massage by electricity.

electrooptics (e-lek-tro-op'-tiks). The department
of physics which deals with the optical phenomena of
electric light.

electropathology (e-lek-tro-path-ol'-o-je) [electro-;
pathology]. The study of morbid conditions by the
aid of electric irritation.

electrophobia (e-lek-tro-fo' -be-ah) [electro-; <p6(}os,
fear]. A morbid fear of electricity.

electrophobist (e-lek-tro-fo' -bist). A person having
a morbid fear of electricity.

electrophone (e-lek' -tro-f on) [electro-; <t>o>vq, sound].
An apparatus used in treating deafness, by means of
sonorous vibrations.

electrophorus (e-lek-trof-or-us) [electro-; <pkpeu>, to
carry]. An instrument used to generate small
quantities of static electricity.

electrophotography (e-lek-tro-fo-tog'-raf-e). Same
as skiagraphy.

electrophototherapy (e-lek-tro-fo-to-ther'-ap-e) [elec-
tro-; phototherapy]. Therapeutic treatment by means
of electric light.

electrophysiology (e-lek-tro-fis-e-ol'-o-je) [electro-;
physiology]. The study of electric reactions, proper-
ties, and relations of organs and organic tissues.

electropositive (e-lek-tro-pos'-it-iv) [electro-; ponere,

to place]. Pertaining to or charged with positive
electricity.

electroprognosis (e-lek-tro-prog-no'-sis). The use
of electricity in prognosis.

electropuncture (e-lek-tro-pung'-chur) [electro-; pun-
gere, to prick]. The use of needles as electrodes,
which are thrust into an organ or a tumor or an
aneurysm.

electro scission (e-lek-tro-sish'-un) [electro-; scindere,
to cleave]. Division of tissues by an electro-cautery
knife.

electroscope (e-lek' -tro-skop) [electro-; o-Kowelv, to
view]. An instrument for detecting the presence of
static electricity and determining whether it is
positive or negative.

electrosensibility (e-lek-tro-sen-si-bil'-it-e). The
irritability of a sensory nerve to electricity.

electroskiagraphy (e-lek-tro-ski-ag'-raf-e). Syno-
nym of skiagraphy.

electrostatics (e-lek-tro-stat'-iks). The science of
static electricity, or that developed by friction.

electrostixis (e-lek-tro-stiks'-is) [electro-; otitis,
puncture]. Electropuncture, q. v.

electrosurgery (e-lek-tro-sur'-jer-e). The use of
electricity in surgery.

electrosynthesis (e-lek-tro-sin' -thesis) [electro- ; syn-
thesis]. Chemical combination by means of elec-
tricity.

electrotaxis (e-lek-tro-tak'-sis) [electro-; to£<.s,
arrangement]. The reaction (attraction or repulsion)
of organisms or cells to electric currents.

electrothanasia (e-lek-tro-than-a'-ze-ah) [electro- ,*
6a.va.Tos, death]. < Death due to electricity.

electrothanasize (e-lek-tro-than'-as-tz) [electro- ;
Qa.va.7U1v, to kill]. To produce death by electricity,
but not as capital punishment.

electrothanatosis (e-lek-tro-than-at-o'-sis) [electro- ;
davarwais, a putting to death]. Death by electricity.

electrotherapeutics (e-lek-tro-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [elec-
tro-; Sepaireia, treatment]. The science and art
of the application of electricity for therapeutic
purposes.

electrotherapy (e-lek-tro-ther'-ap-e). See electro-
therapeutics.

electrotherm (e-lek' -tro-therm) [electro-; 6epp.r},
heat]. An apparatus for producing heat to relieve
pain by the application of electricity to the skin.

electrothermal (e-lek-tro-therm'-al). Pertaining to
heat and electricity or to heat generated by elec-
tricity.

electrotome (e-lek' -tro-tom) [electro-; Tepveiv, to cut].
The circuit-breaker of an electric battery; especially
one that acts automatically.

electrotonic (e-lek-tro-ton'-ik) [electro-; tovos, ten-
sion]. Relating to or of the nature of electro tonus.
e. effect, an altered condition of excitability of a nerve
produced when in the electrotonic state.

electrotonus (e-lek-trot'-on-us) [electro-; tovos,
tension]. The change of condition in a nerve during
the passage of a current of electricity. See anelectro-
tonus and catelectrotonus.

electrotrephine (e-lek-lro-tre'-fin). A trephine
operated by electricity.

electrotropism (e-lek-trot'-ro-pizm) [electro-; Tpoirfi,
a turning]. Same as electrotaxis.

electrovagogram (e-lek-tro-va' -go-gram) [electro-;
vagus; ypap.p.a, a writing]. A record of the electrical
changes occurring in the vagus nerve, taken with a
string galvanometer.

electrovection (e-lek-tro-vek'-shun) [electro-; vehere,
to carry]. Electric endosmosis; the introduction of
medicaments into the system by means of the electric
current; cataphoresis.

electrozone (e-lek' -tro-zon). The proprietary name
for a disinfectant fluid produced by the electrolysis
of sea-water.

electuary (e-lek' -tu-ar-e) [e\eiKTov, a medicine
that melts in the mouth]. A soft or v pasty mass,
consisting of a medicinal substance, with sugar,
honey, water, etc.

eleidin (e-le'-id-in) [i\ala, olive-oil]. A material;
occurring in the form of granules in the stratum
granulosum of the epidermis.

element (el'-e-ment) [elementum, a first principle].
Any one of the ultimate parts of which anything is
composed, as the cellular elements of a tissue. In
chemistry, a body that cannot be decomposed into'
simpler substances. The recognized elements now
number about 80. See elements, table of chemical, on.
P- 319.

ELEMENTS

319

ELEMENTS

TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.

Based on one in Funk and Wagnall's Standard Dictionary [copyright]. — (Published by permission.)
two columns have been revised to 1916 from Jour, of Amer. Chem. Soc.

The first

Name.

Sym
bol.

Atomic
Weight.

Specific
Gravity*

Fusing-point or

Melting-point.

Degrees C. and F.

Valence.

Where and How Found.

Aluminium

Antimony (stibium)

Argentum.
Silver.

Argon

Arsenic . . .

See

Aurum.

Barium

Beryllium.

Glucinum
Bismuth . . .

See Gold.
See

Boron ....
Bromine . .
Cadmium .
Calcium . .
Carbon . . .
Cerium . . .
Cesium . . .
Chlorine . .

Chromium . .

Cobalt

Columbium
(niobium)

Copper (cuprum) .

Coronium (hypo-
thetical).

Didymium. See
Praseodymium.

Dysprosium

Erbium

Europium

Ferrum. See Iron.
Fluorine

Gadolinium .

Gallium
Germanium .

Glucinum (beryl-
lium)

Gold (aurum)
Helium

Hydrargyrum. See
Mercury.

Hydrogen

Indium

Iodine

Iridium

Iron (ferrum) .

Kalium. See

Potassium.

Krypton. . . .

Lanthanum . .

Lead (plumbum) .
Lithium

Di
Dy

Er

Eu
F

Gd

Ga
Ge

Gl
Au
He

27.1
120.2

39-88
74-96

137.37

208.0
11. o
79.92

112.40
40.07

12.005

140.2s
132.81
35.46

S2.0

58.97

93.5

63.57

162.5
167.7

152.0

19.0

157.3

69.9
72.5

9.1

197-2
3-99

1.008
II4.8
120.92

I93.I

55-84

82.92
139-0

207.20
6.94

2.58
6.7

i.St
5.71

3-75

9.8

2.6

3.19

8.65

1.6-1.8

3-52$

6.7

1.88

i-33t

7-3
8.96

Above 7

8.9

5-95

5-47

1.85
19.3

6270 C. (11600 F.).
4320 C. (8080 F.).

-I28.6°C.(23I.4°F.),
Ab't500°C. (9320 F.).

Above redness.

2680 C. (517° F.J.

Very high.

-7.20 C. (-200 F.).

2310 C. (6090 F.).

Bright redness.

Infusible.

Below silver.

26.50 C. (8o° F.).

-75.6° C. (-io3°F.)

Above platinum.
15000 C. (27320 F.).

Ill
V

10540 C. (19310 F.).

V
II

V

III
I or VII

II

II

IV
III or IV

I

I or VII

II or VI
II or VIII

lor II

In many rocks. (The
most abundant metal.)

Chiefly as sulphide, and in
various metallic ores.

Free in the atmosphere.
Native, as sulphide, and in
various metallic ores.

In barite and witherite.

Native, as sulphide, and in

rare minerals.
In borax and various

minerals.
Mainly in sea-water and

other natural brines.
In small amount in zinc

ores.
In limestone, and abun-
dantly in other rocks.
In coal, limestone, and all

organic matter.
In cerite and other rare

minerals.
In lepidolite, pollucite, and

mineral springs.
In common salt (NaCl)

and other chlorides.
Mainly in chrome-iron ore.
In many metallic ores.

In columbite and other

rare minerals.
Native, and in many ores.

Ill

In rare minerals, as gado-
linite, etc.

30.10 C. (86° F.).
9000 C. (16520 F.).

Above redness.
10450 C. (19130 F.).

I or VII
III

III
IV

II
or III

0.025f

7-4
4-95

22.4

6.1
11.36
0.58 =

-200°C.t(-328°F.)
176° C. (3480 F.).
1140 C. (2380 F.).

1950° C. (35420 F.).
16000 C. (29120 F.).

3260 C. (850° F.).
1800 C. (3560 F.).

Ill

I or VII

II or IV
II or IV

III
II or IV

I

In fluorite (CaF2) and

other minerals.
In rare minerals, as gado-

linite, etc.
In certain zinc-blendes.
In argyrodite, a rare

mineral.

In beryl and several rare
minerals.

Generally free, rarely com-
bined, in various ores.

In cleveite and several
other rare minerals.

Mainly in water (H2O).

In certain zinc ores.

Mainly in ashes of sea-
weeds.

In iridosmin.

As oxide and sulphide, and
in nearly all rocks.

In cerite and other rare

minerals.
In galena (PbS) and other

ores.
In lepidolite, spodumene,

and some rare minerals.

ELEMENTS

320

ELEMENTS

TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.— (Continued.)

Name.

Lutecium ,

Magnesium

Manganese

Mercury (hydrar-
gyrum

Molybdenum

Natrium. See

Sodium.
Neodymium

Neon

Nickel

Niobium. See
Columbium.

Niton

Nitrogen

Osmium

Oxygen

Palladium

Phosphorus

Platinum

Plumbum. See

Lead.
Potassium (kalium)

Praseodymium
(didymium)

Radium

Rhodium

Rubidium

Ruthenium

Samarium

Scandium

Selenium

Silicon

Silver (argentum) . .
Sodium (natrium) .

Stannum. See Tin.
Stibium. See

Antimony.
Strontium

Sulphur

Tantalum

Tellurium

Terbium

Thallium

Thorium

Thulium

Tin (stannum)

Titanium

Sym
bol.

Lu

Mg

Mn

Hg
Mo

Nd

Ne
Ni

Nb

Nt
N

Os

O

Pd
P

Pt

Sr
S

Ta

Te

Tb

Tl

Th

Tm

Sn

Ti

Atomic
Weight.

175-0
24.32

54-93

200.6
96.0

144-3

20.2

58.68

222.4
14.OI

190.9
16.00

106.7
31.04
195.2

39-10

140.6

226.0
102.9

85.45

101.7

150.4

44.1

79.2

28.3

107.88
23.00

87.63
32.06

181. 5

127.5
159.2

204.0

232.4

168.5

118. 7

48.1

Specific
Gravity*

1-75

7.2

13.596
8.6

About 6.5

8.9

O.38H
22.48
i.n§

12. 1

1.84
21.5

0.86
About 6.5

12. 1

1.52
12.26

4-5
2.48

10.5
0.97

2.5
2.07

Above 10
6.23

11. 19
11.23

Fusing-point or

Melting-point.

Degrees C. and F.

Ab't430°C. (8o6°F.).
Above iron.

-38.8°C. (-38°F.).
Very high.

1450° C. (26420 F.).

Nearly infusible.

15000 C. (27320 F.).
44-2° C. (1120 F.)
1775° C. (3225° F

62.50 C. (144-5° F.).

20000 C. (36320 F.).
38.50 C. (101.50 F.).
Nearly infusible.

217° C. (425° F.)*.

Above 8000 C. (isooc
F.).

954° C. (1750° F.).
95-6° C. (204° F.).

Red heat.

114.50 C. (235° F.).

455° C. (851° F.).

239-9° C. (5610 F.).
Almost infusible.

233° C. (551° F.).
Not fusibla.

Valence.

II
II or VII

lor II

II or VI

III or IV

II or VIII

V

II or VII
II or VI

II or IV

V
II or IV

III or IV

II
II or VIII

I

II or VII

III

III
II or VI

IV

II
II or VI

II or VI
III

I or III

IV
III

II or IV
V

Where and How Found.

In sea-water, magnesite,

and many rocks.
In pyrolusite and many

other minerals.

Native and in cinnabar

(HgS).
Mainly as molybdenite

(MoS2).

In cerite and other rare
minerals.

In many metallic ores.

Radium emanation.

In the atmosphere and

organic matter.
In iridosmin and native

platinum.
Free in air. (Forms one-
half the earth's crust,

combined.)
Native and with platinum

and gold.
In bones and in apatite

and many minerals.
Mainly as native platinum

in river-gravels.

In wood-ashes and many
rocks.

In cerite and other rare
minerals.

In pitch-blende.

With platinum and iridos-
min.

In lepidolite and some
mineral springs.

With platinum and iridos-
min.

In samarskite, cerite, and
other rare minerals.

In gadolinite and other
rare minerals.

Mainly in sulphur as an
impurity.

In quartz (Si02). (Most
abundant element after
oxygen.)

Native and in many ores.

In common salt (NaCl)
and many rocks.

In celestite and stronti-
anite.

Native and in many
natural sulphides and
sulphates.

In tantalite and other rare
minerals.

In several rare minerals.

In rare minerals, as gado-
linite, etc.

In pyrites and in fluedust
of sulphuric-acid works.'

In thorite and other rare
minerals.

In rare minerals, as gado-
linite, etc.

Mainly in cassiterite (Sn-
O2).

Widely diffused in rocks
and clays, in small
amounts.

ELEMENTS

321

ELODES

TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.— (Concluded.)

Name.

Tungsten

(wolframium)

Uranium . .
Vanadium .

See

Wolf rami um

Tungsten.

Xenon

Ytterbium

(neoytterbium)

Yttrium Yt

Zinc (zincum) Zn

Zirconium ....

Sym-
bol.

Atomic
Weight.

W

184.O

u

238.2

V

51.0

Xe

130.2

Yb

173-5

Yt

88.7

Zn

65-37

Zr

90.6

Specific
Gravity*

19.26
18.69

5.87

7.12
4-15

Fusing-point or

Melting-point.

Degrees C. and F.

Very high.
Very high.
In oxyhydric flame.

4330 C. (811.50 F.).
Above sulphur.

Valence.

IV or VI

II or VI

V

III
III
II
IV

Where and How Found.

Mainly in wolframite (Mn-

FeW04).
In pitch-blende and other

rare minerals.
In vanadinite and other

rare minerals.

In rare minerals, as gado-

linite, etc.
In gadolinite and other

rare minerals.
In ores, as oxide, silicate,

sulphide, and carbonate.
In zircon and other rare

minerals.

* The factors in the columns of specific gravities and melting-points naturally vary with the form which
the element takes (e. g., in carbon the specific gravity varies as diamond, charcoal, or lampblack is taken),
but so far as possible the factor of the most typical form is given.

t Of the liquid element. J Diamond. 1 1 Of the liquid at o° C. § Of the liquid at -1810 C.

elementary (el-e-men'-ta-re) [element]. Pertaining
to or having the character of an element.

elemi (el'-em-e) [Ax.]. A resinous exudation
probably derived from the Canarium commune, al-
though its botanic source is still undetermined. It
contains a crystalline resin, elemin or amyrin. Its
action is similar to that of the turpentines, e.,
unguentum (B. P.), elemi and simple ointment; it is
used as an application to indolent sores and
boils.

eleometer (el-e-om' -et-ur) [eKcuov, oil; iierpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for ascertaining the
specific gravity of oil.

eleomyenchysis (el-e-o-mi-en'-kis-is) [ekaiov, oil;
mOs, muscle; eyxeiv, to pour in]. 1. The intra-
muscular injection and congelation of oils in treat-
ment of chronic local spasm. 2. Surgical prosthesis
by injection of paraffin.

eleoptene (el-e-op' -ten) [eKcuov, oil; ttttivos, vola-
tile]. The permanent liquid principle of volatile
oils. See stearoptene.

oleosaccharum (e-le-o-sak'-ar-um) [L.: pi., eleosac-
chara]. An oil-sugar; a preparation made by satur-
ating thirty grains of sugar with one drop of volatile
oil.

elephantiac, elephantiasic (el-e-fant'-i-ak, el-e-fant-
i-a'-sik). Relating to or affected with elephantiasis;
elephantic.

elephantiasis (el-ef-an-ti'-as-is) [l\e<pa.s, an ele-
phant]. A chronic affection of the cutaneous and
subcutaneous tissues, due to obstruction of lymph-
vessels, and characterized by enormous thickening
of the affected parts. The disease occurs in suc-
cessive attacks accompanied by fever and by swelling
of the affected parts, usually the lower extremities
and genital organs; it is endemic in certain tropical
countries, and seems to be connected, in many cases,
with the presence in the blood of Filaria sanguinis-
hominis. e. anaesthetica, anesthetic leprosy, e.
Arabum. See elephantiasis, e. asturiensis, pellagra.
e. congenita cystica, a state of malformation marked
by skeletal defects, general anasarca, and formation
of cysts in the subcutaneous tissue, e. dura, e.
scirrhosa, a variety of elephantiasis marked by den-
sity and sclerosis of the subcutaneous connective
tissues, e. Graecorum. See leprosy, e., nevoid.
See e. telangiectodes, e. sclerosa. See scleroderma.
e. telangiectodes, elephantiasis characterized by a
great increase in the blood-vessels; dermatolysis.

elevator (el'-ev-a-tor) [elevare, to lift]. 1. The same
as levator. See under muscle. 2. An instrument for
elevating or lifting a part, or for extracting the roots
of teeth.

eleventh nerve. The spinal accessory nerve.

eliminant (e-lim' -in-ant) [eliminare, to expel].
1. Promoting elimination. 2. A drug causing elimi-
nation.
12

elimination (e-lim-in-a'-shun) [see eliminant]. The
process of expelling or casting out, especially waste-
products.

elinguation (e-lin-gwa'-shun) [e, out; lingua, the
tongue]. Surgical removal of the tongue.

elinguid (e-lin'-gwid). Tongue-tied; without the
power of speech.

eliquation (el-ik-wa' -shun) [eliquare, to melt out].
The separation of one substance from another by
fusion or melting.

elixation (e-liks-a'-shun). 1. A decoction. 2. Di-
gestion.

elixir (e-liks'-er) [Ar., el iksir, the philosopher's
stone]. A sweetened, aromatic, spirituous prepara-
tion, containing only a small amount of an active
ingredient, e., adjuvant (elixir adjuvans, U. S. P.),
one made of fluidextract of glycyrrhiza and aromatic
elixir, e., aromatic (elixir aromaticum, U. S. P.),
compound spirit of orange, 1.2 Cc; syrup, 37.5 Cc;
purified talc, 1.5 Gm.; deodorized alcohol, distilled
water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 100 Cc.
It is used as a vehicle, e. of iron, quinine, and
strychnine phosphates (elixir ferri, quinince, et strych-
nines phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).
e. of phosphorus, spirit of phosphorus, 21; oil of
anise, 0.2; glycerol, 55; aromatic elixir, a sufficient
quantity to make 100 Cc.

elixiviation (e-liks-iv^e-a' -shun) . See lixiviation.

elixoid (el-iks'-oid). Trade name of fluid prepara-
tions of drugs, which are said to keep perfectly in
any climate.

elkodennatosis (el-ko-der-mat-o'-sis) [IXkos, an
ulcer; Sep/ia, skin; voaos, disease]. An ulcerative
skin affection.

elkoplasty (el'-ko-plas-te). See helcoplasty.

Elliot's position (el'-e-ot) [John Wheelock Elliot,
American surgeon, 1852- ]. The patient is
placed in the position of a double inclined plane by
means of a pillow or cushion under the small of the
back.

Elliot's sign (el'-e-ot) [George T. Elliot, American
dermatologist, 1855- ]. A skin lesion with an
indurated or infiltrated border is syphilitic.

Elliot-Smith, area paraterminaUs of. A space on
the mesial aspect of the embryonic cerebral hemis-
phere. E.-S., fasciculus praecommissuralis of, the
peduncle of the corpus callosum in the embryo.

Ellis' ligament. That part of the rectovesical
fascia that extends to the side of the rectum. E.'s
line, or curve the curved line followed by the upper
border of a pleuritic effusion or a hydrothorax. E.'s
sign, during resorption of a pleuritic exudate, the
upper border of dulness forms a curve convex toward
the head, the highest point of which lies laterally.

Ellis-Damoiseau's curve. See Ellis' sign and line.

elm. See ulmus.

elodes (e-lo'-dez) [i\wSrjs, swampy; IXor, a swamp].

ELONGATIO

322

EMBRYOGENESIS

Marsh or paludal fever; malarial fever, e. icterodes,
yellow fever.

elongatio, elongation (e-lon-ga'-she-o, -shun), i.
The process of lengthening. 2. A lengthened con-
dition, e. colli, pathological lengthening of the
cervix uteri through hypertrophy.

elosin (el'-o-sin). A remedy said to be a resinoid
from the root of Chamcelirium carolinianum. It is
tonic, diuretic, emmenagogue, and a vermifuge.

Eisner's asthma (els'-ner) [Christopher Friedrich
Eisner, German physician, 1749-1820]. Angina
pectoris.

Eisner's method of diagnosing typhoid [Ottomar
Eisner, German pathologist, 1869- ]. Cultures
are made from the stools, upon a special culture-
medium composed of Holz's acid potato-gelatin
with 1 % of potassium iodide. Only a few forms of
bacteria will grow upon this medium, and among
these are Bacterium coli and the typhoid bacillus;
these latter are of slow growth and in 24 hours
are scarcely visible with low power, whereas the coli
colonies have attained considerable growth. After
48 hours the typhoid cultures appear in shining
aggregations as drops of water with finely molded
structure, and the coli colonies are larger, more granu-
lar, and brown in color. The presence of the typhoid
bacillus can also be detected in food and water by
this procedure.

elutriation (e-lu-tre-a' -shun) [elutriare, to wash
out]. A process whereby the coarser particles of an
insoluble substance are separated from the finer by
decanting the fluid after the coarser particles have
settled.

elytratresia (el-it-rat-re' -ze-ah) [elytro-; arpTjroj,
imperforate]. Atresia of the vagina; colpatresia.

elytreurynter (el-it-ru-rin'-ter) [elytro-; eupweiv,
to make broad]. Same as colpeurynter.

elytritis (el-it-ri'-tis) [eXvTpov, vagina; tTts* in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the vagina.

elytro- (el-it-ro-) [eXvrpov, vagina]. A prefix sign-
ifying relating to the vagina.

elytrocele (el'-it-ro-sel) [elytro-; Krj\i), hernia].
Colpocele; vaginal hernia.

elytroclasia (el-it-ro-kla'-se-ah) [elytro-; n\a.eiv, to
break]. Rupture of the vagina.

elytrocleisis, elytroclisis (el-it-ro-kli'-sis) . See
colpocleisis.

elytroid (el'-it-roid) [elytro-; eI5os, likeness].
Like a sheath.

elytroncus (el-it-rong'-kus). Same as elytrophyma.

elytrophyma (el-it-ro-fi'-mah) [elytro-; <pvpa, a
tumor]. Swelling or tumor of the vagina.

elytroplastic (el-it-ro-plas'-lik) [elytro-; irXaaaeiv,
to form]. Relating to elytro plasty.

elytroplasty (el'-it-ro-plas-te) [elytro-; Tr\a.<xaei.v,
to form]. A plastic operation upon the vagina.

elytropneumatosis (el-it-ro-nu-mat-o'-sis) [elytro- ;
wvtvpa, air]. A collection of air in the vagina.

elytro polypus (el-it-ro-poV -ip-us) [elytro-; polypus].
Vaginal polypus.

elytroptosis (el-it-rop-to'-sis) [elytro-; irruais, a
falling]. Prolapse of the vagina.

elytrorrhagia (el-it-ror-a'-je-ah) [elytro-; prjyvvvai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the vagina.

elytrorrhaphy (el-it-ror'-a-fe) [elytro-; pa<pri, a
seam]. Suture of the vaginal wall.

elytrorrhea (el-it-ror-e'-ah) [elytro-; pola, a flow].
A vaginal leukorrhea.

elytrostenosis (el-it-ro-ste-no'-sis) [elytro-; arkvoxris,
a contraction]. Colpostenosis; vaginal stricture.

elytrotome (el-W -ro-tom) [elytro-; Top.ii, a cutting].
An instrument for performing elytrotomy.

elytrotomy (el-it-rot'-o-me) [elytro-; Top.i\ a cutting].
Surgical incision of the vaginal wall.

emaciation (e-ma-se-a' -shun) [emaciare, to make
lean]. Loss of the fat and fulness of the flesh of the
body. Leanness.

emaculation (e-mak-u-W -shun) [emaculare, to
remove spots]. The removal of freckles or other
spots from the face.

emailloid (em'-il-oid) [Fr. email, enamel; elSos,
resemblance]. A tumor developing from and
composed of the enamel of a tooth.

emanation (em-an-a'-shun) [emanare, to issue].
1. Emission; radiation. 2. That which flows or
issues from a substance; effluvium.

emansio (e-man'-she-o) [L.]. A failing, e. men-
sium, delay in the first appearance of the menses.

emasculation (e-mas-ku-la'-shun) [emasculare, to
make impotent]. 1 . Removal of the testicles ; castra-

tion. 2. The removal of both testicles, and total ex-
tirpation of the penis."

emballometer (em-bal-om'-et-er) [ep,fiaX\eiv, to
throw; p.krpov, a measure]. A percussion instru-
ment employed in connection with a stethoscope.

embalming (em-bahm'-ing). The treatment of a
cadaver with antiseptic and preservative substances
to keep it from putrefying.

embed (em-bed'). In histology, to treat a tissue
with some substance, as paraffin or celloidin, which
shall give it support during the process of section-
cutting.

embedding (em-bed' -ing). The fixation of a tissue-
specimen in a firm medium, in order to keep it intact
during the cutting of thin sections.

Embelia (em-be'-le-ah) [Embel, a German traveler].
A genus of shrubs. E. ribes, a myrtaceous shrub
that grows in Asia; it is reputed to have anthelmintic
properties. Dose of the powdered fruit, 5 j-iv; of
the fluidextract 3 j-iv.

embolalia (em-bo-la' -le-ah) . See embololalia.

embole (em'-bo-le) [epPpXri, a throwing in]. 1. The
reducing of a dislocation. 2. Emboly. 3. Enar-
throsis. 4._ Embolism.

embolemia (em-bol-e' -me-dh) [embolus; atp.a, blood].
1. A state of the blood in which it is said that emboli
are readily formed. 2. The presence of emboli in
the blood.

embolic (em-bol'-ik) [embolus]. 1. Relating to or
caused by an embolus. 2. Pertaining to emboly.

emboliform (em-boV -ij-orm) [embolus]. Resembling
an embolus, e. nucleus. See under nucleus.

embolism (em'-bo-lizm) [embolus]. The obstruc-
tion of a blood-vessel, especially an artery, by a
fragment of matter brought from another point,
e., air-, obstruction of a vessel by a bubble of air.
e., fat-, obstruction of blood-vessels by globules of
fat. e., infective, embolism in which the emboli
contain microorganisms and cause metastatic ab-
scesses, e., miliary, a condition in which many
small blood-vessels are the seats of emboli, e.,
pigment, e., pigmental, e., pigmentary, embolism
due to melanemia and usually occurring in the
spleen, liver, brain, or kidney.

emboloid (em'-bo-loid) [embolus; eldos, likeness].
Resembling an embolus.

embololalia (em-bo-lo-la' -le-ah) [embolus; XaXtd,
babble]. The intercalation of meaningless words
into the speech.

embolophrasia (em-bo-lo-fra'-ze-ah) [embolus; <t>pa-
cris, speech]. Embololalia.

embolus (em'-bo-lus) [iv, in; f}a\\eu>, to throw;
pi., emboli]. A particle of fibrin or other material
brought by the blood-current and forming an ob-
struction at its place of lodgment.

emboly (em'-bo-le) [ep.flo\ri, insertion]. The pro-
cess of invagination that gives rise to a gastrula from
a blastosphere or vesicular morula.

embrocation (em-bro-ka' -shun) [IpfSpexw, to
soak in]. 1. The application, especially by rubbing,
of a liquid to a part of the body. 2. The liquid so
applied.

embryectomy (em-bre-ek'-to-me) [embryo; Iktoptj, a
cutting out]. The surgical removal of the embryo,
especially in extra-uterine pregnancy.

embryo (em'-bre-o) [&, in; fipbeiv, to swell with].
1. The product of conception up to the fourth
month of pregnancy. 2. The fertilized germ of an
animal.

embryocardia (em-bre-o-kar'-de-ah) [embryo; KapSla,
the heart]. A condition in which the heart-sounds
resemble those of the fetus, the first and second
sounds being almost identical.

embryochemical (em-bre-o-kem'-ikal) [embryo; xv-
Meia, chemistry]. Relating to the changes in the
chemical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in
the fertilized egg during development.

embryoctonic, embryoctonous (em-bre-ok-ton'-ik,
-ok'-ion-us) [embryo; urtLveiv, to kill]. Aborti-
facient; relating to embryoctpny.

embryoctony (em-bre-ok'-to-ne) [see embryoctonic].
The destruction of the living fetus; the procurement
of abortion.

embryogenetic, embryogenic (em-bre-o-jen-et'-ik,
em-bre-o-jen'-ik) [embryo; ykv-qs, producing]. Giving
rise to an embryo.

embryography (em-bre-og'-ra-fe) [embryo; ■ypa<peu>,
to write]. A description of the embryo.

embryogenesis, embryogeny (em-bre-o-jen'-es-is,
em-bre-oj'-en-e) [embryo; ykvris, producing]. That

EMBRYOGENY

323

EMINENTIA

department of biology which deals with the develop-
ment of the fecundated germ.

embryogeny (em-bre-oj'-en-e). See embryogenesis.

embryograph (em'-bre-o-graf) [embryo; ypaxf>eiv, to
write]. A form of microscope and camera lucida
for use in drawing outlines and figures in embryo-
logical study.

embryoid (em'-bre-oid) [embryo; eI5os, form]. Re-
sembling the embryo.

embryoism, embryonism (em'-bre-o-izm, em'-bre-
on-izm). The state of being an embryo.

embryologic, embryological (em-bre-o-loj'-ik, em-
bre-o-loj'-ik-al) [embryo; Xoyos, science]. Relating to
embryology.

embryologist (em-bre-ol'-o-jist) [embryo; \6yos,
science]. One skilled in the science of embryology.

embryolemma (em-bre-o-lem'-ah) [embryo; XeMM".
a husk; pi., embryolemmata]. The special fetal
membranes, the amnion, serolemma, etc.

embryology (em-bre-ol'-o-je) [embryo; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science dealing with the development of
the embryo.

embryoma (em-bre-o'-mah). A dermoid cyst found
in the mammalian ovary and testis; regarded by
Wilnis as a rudimentary embryo.

embryometrotrophia (em-bre-o-met-ro-tro'-fe-ah)

[embryo; firjTpa the womb; rpktpeiv, to nourish].
The nourishment of the embryo.

embryomorphous (em-bre-o-mor'-fus) [embryo ;
twpcfrri, shape]. Like an embryo or of embryonic origin.

embryon (em'-bre-on). Same as embryo.

embryonal (em-bre-o'-nal). Same as embryonic.
, embryonate (em'-bre-o-nat) [embryo], i. Relating
to an embryo. 2. Fecundated; containing an embryo.

embryonic {em-bre-on'-ik) [embryo]. Pertaining
to the embryo, e. abortion, an early abortion.
e. area, an opaque circular spot that forms on the
blastoderm, e. spot. See e. area. e. tissue, tissue
in the undifferentiated state, consisting of small,
round cells.

embryoplastic (em-bre-o-plas'-tik) [embryo; w\a(ro-eLv,
to form]. - Participating in the formation of the
embryo; it is said of cells.

embryoscope (em'-bre-o-skop) [embryo; o-Kowelv, to
examine]. An appliance by means of which the
course of development of the embryo in eggs with
shells may be observed.

embryospastic (em-bre-o-spas'-lik) [embryo; oirav,
to draw]. Relating to fetal extraction with an
instrument.

embryotocia (em-bre-o-to'-she-ah) [embryo; tokos,
birth]. An abortion.

embryotome (em'-bre-o-tom) [embryo; To/117, section].
An instrument for performing embryotomy.

embryotomy (em-bre-ot'-o-me) [see embryotome].
The cutting up of the fetus in the uterus for the
purpose of reducing its size.

embryotoxon (em-bre-o-toks'-on) [embryo; to£ov, a
bow]. A condition resembling arcus senilis, some-
times seen at birth.

embryotrophy (em-bre-ot'-ro-fe) [embryo; rpo<f>ri,
nourishment]. The nutrition of the fetus.

embryulcia (em-bre-ul'-se-ah) [embryo; IX«ety, to
draw]. 1. Forcible extraction of the fetus. 2. The
operation of embryotomy.

embryulcus (em-bre-ul'-kus). A blunt hook, or
obstetric forceps, used in performing embryulcia
or in extracting the fetus.

emedullate (e-med'-ul-dt) [e, out of; medulla,
marrow]. To remove the marrow or pith from.

emergency (e-mer'-jen-se) [emergere, to rise up].
A sudden, pressing, and unforeseen occasion for
action; an accident or condition unlooked for, and
calling for prompt decision, e. ration. See under
ration.

emergent (e-mer'-jent) [emergere, to rise up].
Sudden, unforeseen, and urgent; calling for prompt
decision and action; as an emergent case.

emerod (em'-er-od). See hemorrhoid.

emesis (em'-es-is) [Zpeew, to vomit]. Vomiting.

emetatrophia (em-et-at-ro'-fe-ah) [ep.e<n.s, vomiting;
arpocfrla, wasting]. Atrophy or wasting, due to
persistent vomiting.

emetic (em-et'-tk) [see emesis]. 1. Having the
power to induce vomiting. 2. An agent causing
emesis. e., direct, e., mechanical, one acting directly
on the nerves of the stomach, e., indirect, e.,
systemic, one acting through the blood upon the
vomiting center.

emeticology. See emelology.

emetine (em'-et-en). An alkaloid from ipecac-
root; it is emetic, diaphoretic, and expectorant.
Emetic dose |-J gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.); expectorant,
bV-stt gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.). Also a specific for
amebiasis. Dose, subcutaneous injection £ to § gr.
emetine hydrochloride dissolved in sterile saline
solution. See ipecacuanha.

emetism (em'-et-izm) [see emesis]. Poisoning from
undue use of ipecac, manifested by acute inflamma-
tion of the pylorus, attended with hyperemesis and
diarrhea and in some instances with paroxysms of
coughing and asthmatic suffocation.

emetized (em'-et-izd). 1. Prepared with tartar
emetic. 2. Nauseated.

emetocatharsis (em-et-o-kath-ar'-sis) [ep.eros, vomit-
ing; Kadalpeip, to purge]. Vomiting and purgation
at the same time, or produced by a common agent.

emetocathartic (em-et-o-kath-ar'-tik) [emesis; cathar-
tic]. Having power to induce vomiting and purga-
tion.

emetology (em-et-ol'-o-je) [ineros, vomiting; \6yos,
science]. The study or science of the physiology,
pathology, and therapeutics of vomiting, and of the
nature of emetics.

emetomania (em-et-o-ma'-ne-ah) [eneros, vomiting;
tiavia, madness]. Insane desire for frequent emetics.

emetomorphine {em-et-o-mor' -fen) [ep.eros, vomit-
ing; Morpheus, the god of sleep]. Apmorphine.

emetophobia (em-et-o-fo'-be-ah) [lp.tros, vomiting;
<p6(ios, fear]. Morbid dread or fear of vomiting.

E. M. F. Abbreviation of electro-motive force.

emiction (e-mik'-shun) [e, out; mingere, to void
urine]. Urination.

emictory (e-mik'-tor-e) [e, out; mingere, to void
urine]. 1. Promoting the secretion of urine. 2. A
diuretic medicine.

emigration (em-ig-ra'-shun) [e, out; migrare, to
wander]. The outward passage of a wandering-cell
or leukocyte through the wall of a blood vessel.

eminence (em'-in-ens) [eminentia, an eminence].
A projecting, prominent part of an organ, especially
of a bone, e., arcuate, a round protuberance on the
upper aspect of the petrosa, marking the location
of the superior semicircular canal. Syn., jugum
petrosum. e., articular, the projection upon the
zygomatic process which marks the anterior boundary
of the glenoid fossa, e., auditory. See auditory
eminence, e., canine. See canine eminence, e.,
collateral, a projection in the lateral ventricle of
the brain between the middle and posterior horns.
e. of Doyere. See Doyere's eminence, e., frontal,
the two eminences of the frontal bone above the
superciliary ridges, e., iliopectineal, a ridge on
the upper surface of the pubic bone, e., median,
the anterior pyramids, e., nasal, the prominence
above the root of the nose, between the superciliary
ridges, e., occipital. 1. The ridge in the paracele
corresponding to the occipital fissure, distinct in the
fetus. 2. See occipital protuberance, external, e.,
parietal, the eminence of the parietal bone, e.,
posterior portal, the caudate lobe of the liver, e. of
the scapha, one on the dorsal aspect of the external
ear corresponding to the scapha. e., supracondylar,
that formed by the internal or external epicondyles.
e., thenar, the eminence on the palm at the base of
the thumb.

eminentia (em-in-en'-she-ah) [L.]. An eminence.
e. abducentis, a medial ridge on the floor of the
fourth ventricle, e. acustica, an elevation on the
floor of the fourth ventricle at the lateral triangles.
e. annularis, the pons Varolii, e. arcuata. See
eminence, arcuate, e. articularis, a rounded ridge on
the temporal bone in front of the glenoid fossa.
e. capitata, the head of a bone. e. caudata, an
isthmus connecting the Spigelian lobe with the under
surface of the right lobe of the liver, e. cinerea, the
elevated base of the trigonum vagi. e. collateralis.
See eminence, collateral, e. conchae, the posterior
projection on the pinna corresponding to the concha,
e. cruciata, ridges intersecting in the form of a cross
on the superior surface of the occipital bone. e.
cuneatus, a slight swelling of the internal funicle
near the eminence of the clava; it contains the internal
cuneate nucleus, e. facialis, the colliculus facialis.
e. Fallopii, a ridge on the internal wall of the tym-
panum, e. fossa? triangularis, the posterior pro-
jection on the pinna corresponding to the fossa
triangularis. e. gracilis. See pyramid, posterior.
e. hepatis caudata, e. hepatis longitudinalis, e. hepatis
radiata, the lobus caudata, the Spigelian lobe of

EMINENTIAL

324

EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA

the liver, e. intercondyloidea, the spinous process
of the tibia, e. jugularis, the spine-like extremity
of the jugular process of the occipital bone, emi-
nentiae longitudinales. See e. caudata. e. mandi-
bularis, a bony protuberance of the inner surface
of the skull, beneath the fossa mandibularis. e.
medialis, an elevation on either side of the median
line on the floor of the fourth ventricle, e. pyra-
midalis, a conical projection in the middle ear.
e. scaphae, the posterior projection on the pinna
corresponding to the scaphoid fossa, e. styloidea,
an elevation on the posterior wall of the tympanum.
e. teres. Same as e. abducentis.

eminential {em-in-en' -shal) [eminentia, an emi-
nence]. Relating to an eminence.

emissarium (em-is-a'-re-um) [L.]. A term for
any canal or channel conveying a fluid outward.
It is applied especially to the veins of the skull.

emissary (em'-is-a-re) [emittere, to send forth],
i. An outlet. 2. Furnishing an oulet. e. veins,
small veins piercing the skull and conveying blood
outward.

emission (e-mish'-un) [emittere, to send forth].
1. An ejaculation, or sending forth. 2. An involun-
tary seminal discharge.

Emmanuel movement (em-an'-u-el) [Emmanuel
Church, Boston, where the cult originated]. A
religious scheme to treat certain nervous and mental
troubles by means of psychotherapy and religious
exercises administered by the church authorities or
others.

emmenagogue, emmenagog {em-en' -ag-og) [innr)i>a,
the menses; iiyuyfc, leading]. 1. Stimulating the
menstrual flow. 2. An agent that stimulates the
menstrual flow, e., direct, one acting directly on
the generative organs, e., indirect, one acting by
relieving an underlying condition, as anemia, consti-
pation, etc.

emmenia (em-e'-ne-ah) [L.]. The menses.
emmeniopathy (em-en-e-op' -a-the) [ep.p.r]va, menses;
irados, illness]. Any disorder of menstruation.

emmenology (em-en-ol'-o-je) [lp.p.T)va, menses;
X670S, science]. That branch of science that treats
of menstruation.

emmenorrhea (em-en-or-e'-ah) [itinrjva, menses;
t>ola, a flowing]. The menses.

Emmet's operation {em'-et) [Thomas Addis Emmet,
American gynecologist, 1828- ]. 1. Trachelor-
rhaphy; suturing of the neck of the womb. 2. A
method of repairing lacerated perineum.

emmetrope (em'-et-rop) [emmetropia], A person
whose eyes are emmetropic.

emmetropia (em-et-ro'-pe-ah) [iv, in; pkrpov, a
measure; &\{/, the eye]. Normal or perfect vision.
The state of an eye in which, when accommodation is
suspended, parallel rays of light are brought to a
focus upon the retina.

emmetropic (em-et-rop'-ik) [see emmetropia]. Char-
acterized by emmetropia.

emodin (em'-o-din) [Hind., emodi, rhubarb],
C15H10O5. A glucoside that occurs with chrysophanic
acid in the bark of wild cherry, in cascara sagrada,
and in the root of rhubarb.

emol (e'-mol) [emollire, to soften]. A fine powder
■composed of talc, silica, aluminum, and a trace of
lime, miscible with water, and used as paste in the
treatment of various forms of hyperkeratosis.

emollient (e-mol'-yent) [see emol]. 1. Softening;
relaxing; soothing. 2. A substance used by external
application to soften the skin; or, internally, to soothe
an irritated or inflamed surface.

emotiometabolic (e-mo-she-o-met-ah-bol'-ik). Pro-
ducing metabolism in consequence of some emotion,
emotiomotor (e-mo-she-o-mo'-tor). Inducing some
activity in consequence of emotion.

emotiomuscular (e-mo-she-o-mus'-ku-lar). Relating
to muscular activity which is due to emotion.

emotion (e-mo'-shun) [emotio, agitation]. Mental
feeling, or sentiment, with the associated agitation,
and often with more or less bodily commotion.
With the emotions, desire, impulse, and will are
intimately associated.

emotional (e-mo'-shun-al). Pertaining to the
emotions, e. insanity, insanity characterized by
exaggeration of the emotions or feelings.

emotiovascular (e-mo-she-o-vas'-ku-lar). Relating

to some vascular change brought about by emotion.

emotivity (e-mo-tiv'-it-e) [emotio, agitation].

The degree of an individual's susceptibility to

emotion.

empasm (em'-pazm) [iv, on; iratraeiv, to strew].
A perfumed powder for dusting the person.

empathema {em-path-e'-mah) [ei>, in; iraBrina,
suffering; pi., empathemata]. A dominant or un-
governable passion or source of suffering, e. atoni-
cum, hypochondriasis, e. entonicum, active mania.
e. inane, harebrained and purposeless passion and
excitement.

emphlysis (em'-flis-is) [iv, in, on; 4>\v<ns, eruption:
pi., emphlyses]. Any vesicular or exanthematous
eruption.

emphractic (em-frak'-tik) [ip-tppdrrew, to obstruct],
1. Obstructive; closing the pores of the skin. 2. Any
agent that obstructs the function of an organ,
especially the excretory function of the skin.

emphraxis (em-fraks'-is) [ep.<t>pa£is, obstruction].
Obstruction; infarction; congestion.

emphyma (em-fi'-mdh) [&, in; 4>vp.a, growth; pi.,
emphymata]. A tumor.

emphysatherapy (em-fiz-ah-ther'-ap-e) [<kp4>voav,
to inflate; therapy]. The therapeutic injection of gas
into a body-cavity.

emphysema (em-fiz-e'-mah) [iptpvaav, to inflate].
A condition in which there is air or gas in normally
airless tissues or an excess of air in tissues normally
containing a certain quantity of it. e., atrophic,
senile emphysema of the lung, characterized by a
diminution in the size of the lung, e., compensatory,
e., complementary, e., essential, pulmonary emphy-
sema due to defective expansion of some other area
of the lung in consequence of which the affected
alveoli have assumed the function of a number of
others and give way under the pressure, e., cutane-
ous, the presence of air or gas in the connective tissues
beneath the skin, usually of the face, e., gangrenous.
See edema, malignant, e., hypertrophic. See e.,
pulmonary, e., interstitial, the presence of gas in
the connective tissue of a part, particularly in the
connective tissue of the lung, e., pulmonary, a
condition of the lungs characterized by a permanent
dilatation of the alveoli with atrophy of the alveolar
walls and the blood-vessels, resulting in a loss of the
normal elasticity of the lung tissue. It is associated
with dyspnea, with hacking cough and defective
aeration of the blood. The chest becomes round or
barrel-shaped, the right side of the heart hyper-
trophies, the abdominal viscera are displaced down-
ward. The causes are a lessened resistance on the
part of the lung, which may be inherited or acquired,
and a distending force, which is usually expiratory
in character, and consists in chronic cough, the
blowing of wind-instruments, or other labor throwing
a strain on the respiratory function, e., subcu-
taneous. See e., cutaneous, e., substantial. Syno-
nym of e., pulmonary, e., surgical, distension of the
subcutaneous tissue by air. e., vesicular, that due
to dilatation of the air- vesicles.

emphysematous (em-fiz-em'-at-us). Affected with
or of the nature of emphysema, e. girdle. See
emphysema.

emphysemodyspnea (em-fiz-e-mo-disp'-ne-ah) [em-
physema; dyspnea]. The dyspnea attending pul-
monary emphysema.

emphytriatreusis (em-fit-re-at-ru'-sis) [ip.<f>vros, in-
nate; tarpevais, treatment]. The treatment of
disease by an untrained person, whether clairvoyant,
medium, trance-doctor, telepathist, mesmerist, or
seventh son of a seventh son.

empiric (em-pir'-ik) [epiveipiKos, experienced].
1. Based on practical observation and not on sci-
entific reasoning. 2. One who in practising medicine
relies solely on experience and not on scientific
reasoning; a quack, or charlatan.

empiricism (em-pir'-is-izm) [empiric], 1. De-
pendence upon experience or observation. 2. Quack-
ery. ,

Empis' "granulie." Acute miliary tuberculosis
of the lungs.

emplastic (em-plas'-tik) [ep-ifKaaTixbi, clogging].
1. Suitable for a plaster. 2. A constipating medi-
cine.

emplastration (em-plas-tra'-shun) [emplastrum].
The act of applying a plaster.

emplastrum (em-plas'-trum) [L.; pi., emplastra].
A plaster (g. v.).

empodistic (em-pod-is' -tik) \[ifiiro8i£tiv, to hinder].

1. Checking; preventing. 2. A preventive remedy.

emprosthocyrtoma, emprosthocyrtosis (em-pros-

tho-sir-to'-mah, -sis) [epirpoadev, forward; Kvprup-a, a

bending]. Lordosis.

EMPROSTHOKYPHOSIS

325

ENCEPHALITIS

emprosthokyphosis (em-pros-tho-ki-fo'-sis) [itnrpoa-
6ei>, forward; kyphosis]. Lordosis.

emprosthotonia (em-pros-thot-o'-ne-ah). Same as
emprosthotonos.

emprosthotonos (em-pros-thot'-o-nos) [inirpoadev,
forward; tovos, tension]. Tonic muscular spasm in
which the body is bent forward.

emprosthozygosis (em-pros-tho-zi-go'-sis) [ip.irp6o--
6ev, forward; £vyovv, to join]. The condition of
conjoined twins in which the fusion is anterior.

emptysis {emp'-tis-is) [iumveiv, to spit upon].
Hemorrhage from the lungs; hemoptysis.

Empusa {em-pu'-zah) [in-n-ovo-a, a hobgoblin].
A genus of fungi parasitic on living insects and causing
their death.

empyema {em-pi-e'-mah) [iv, in; irvov, pus]. Pus
in a cavity, especially in the pleural cavity, e.
necessitatis, an empyema in which the pus burrows
between the intercostal spaces _ and appears as a
subcutaneous tumor, e., pulsating, one that trans-
mits the pulsations of the heart to the chest-wall.

empyematous {em-pi-em' -at-us) . Of the nature of
or affected with empyema.

empyemic {em-pi-em' -ik). See empyematous.

empyesis {em-pi-e'-sis) [ip.wvet.v, to suppurate].
A pustular eruption, as smallpox; any disease char-
acterized by phlegmonous pimples gradually filling
with purulent fluid.

empyocele {em-pi' -o-sel) [iv, in; irvov, pus; /07X77,
tumor]. A purulent scrotal tumor.

empyomphalus {em-pi-om' -fal-us) [iv, in; irvov,
pus; 6n<f>a\6s, navel]. A collection of pus at or
about the navel.

empyreuma {em-pi-ru'-mah) [inirvpevp.a, a heating;
a burnt flavor]. The odor developed in organic
matter by destructive distillation.

empyreumatic {em-pi-ru-mat'-ik) [ip.irvptvp.a, a
live coal]. Obtained from some organic substance
by the aid of strong heat; as an empyreumatic oil.

emulgent {e-mul'-jent) [emulgere, to milk out].

1. Draining; applied to the renal arteries as draining
out the urine. 2. An emulgent vessel. 3. Any
remedy that stimulates the emunctory organs.
e. veins. See vein.

emulsic {e-mul'-sik). Relating to emulsin.

emulsification {e-mul-sif-ik-a'-shun). The process
of making or becoming an emulsion.

emulsify {e-mul' -se-fi) [see emulsion]. To make
into an emulsion.

emulsin {e-mul'-sin) [see emulsion]. A proteid
ferment contained in bitter almonds. It aids in
emulsifying almond oil, and, by its action on amygda-
lin, liberates hydrocyanic acid.

emulsio {e-mul'-se-o) [L.; pi., emulsiones]. See
emulsion.

emulsion {e-mul '-shun) [emulsum, an emulsion].
A preparation consisting of a liquid, usually water,
containing an insoluble substance in suspension.

emulsionize {e-mul' -shun-iz) [emulgere, to milk
out]. To transform into an emulsion. The pan-
creatic juice emulsionizes fats.

emulsive {e-mul'-siv) [see emulsion]. 1. Forming
or readily entering into an emulsion. 2. Affording
oil on pressure, as certain seeds.

emulsoid {e-mul' -soyd) [emulsion; elSos, resem-
blance]. An emulsion colloid.

emulsum {e-mul'-sum) [L.]. An emulsion. The
following emulsions are official: e. amygdala, e.
asafastidce, e. chloroformi, e. olei morrhuce, e. olei
morrhua cum hypophosphitibus, e. olei terebinthince.

emunctory {e-munk'-tor-e) [emungere, to wipe
the nose]. 1. Excretory; removing waste-products.

2. An organ that excretes waste-materials.
emundans, emundant {e-mun'-danz, -dant) [emun-

dare, to cleanse]. Cleansing and disinfectant;
applied to certain washes.

emundantia, emundants {e-mun-dan'-she-ah, e-
mun'-dants) [see emundans]. Detergents.

emundation {e-mun-da' -shun) [see emundans].
1. The act of cleansing. 2. The rectification of
drugs.

emusculate {e-mus' -ku-lat) [e, out; musculus, a
muscle]. Without muscles.

emydin {em'-id-in) [ip.bs, the fresh-water tortoise].
A white proteid substance procured from the yolk
of the eggs of turtles.

enadelphia {en-ah-del'-fe-ah). See inclusion, fetal.

enamel {en-am'-el) [ME., enamaile]. The vitreous
substance of the crown of the teeth, e.-column,
e.-fiber, e.-prism, e.-rod, any one of the minute,

six-sided prisms of which the enamel of a tooth is
composed, e. cuticle. See Nasmyth's cuticle, e.-
organ, the ectodermic epithelial cap or process from
which the enamel of a tooth is developed.

enantesis ■ {en-an-te' -sis) [ivavrios, opposite]. The
approximation of ascending and descending blood-
vessels.

enanthem {en-an' -them) . See enanthema.

enanthema {en-an-the'-mah) [iv, in; avdrjua,
bloom, eruption: pi., enanthemata]. An eruption on
a mucous membrane, or within the body, in dis-
tinction from exanthema.

enanthematous {en-an-them' -at-us) [iv, in; avBrnxa,
bloom, eruption]. Of the nature of or accompanied
by an enanthema.

enanthesis {en-an-the'-sis) [iv, in; avOelv, to
bloom]. The process which causes an enanthema.

enanthin, cenanthin {e-nan' -thin) . A resinous
substance contained in (Enanthe crocata, and (E.
fistulosa.

enanthotoxin, oenantho toxin {e-nan-tho-toks'-in),
C17H22O5. A poisonous resinoid contained in (Enanthe
crocata. It acts as does picrotoxin in producing
violent convulsions.

enanthrope {en'-an-throp) [iv, in; avdpairos, man].
A source of disease originating internally.

enantiobiosis {en-an-ti-o-bi-o'-sis) [ivavrios, oppo-
site; /3ios, life]. Commensalism in which the associ-
ated organisms are antagonistic to each other's
development. Cf. symbiosis.

enantiomorphous, enantiomorphic {en-an-te-o-mor'-
fus, en-an-te-o-mor'-fik) [ivavrios, opposite; iiop<f>riy
form]. Similar but contrasted or reversed in form.
Thus the two hands are enantiomorphous.

enantiopatbic {en-an-te-o-path'-ik). 1. Palliative.
2. Pertaining to enantiopathy.

enantiopathy {en-an-te-op' -ath-e) [ivavrios, oppo-
site; iraffos, disease]. A disease antagonistic to
another disease.

enarkyochrome {en-ar'-ke-o-krom) [iv, in; apicvs, a
net; xp&v-*, color]. Nissl's term for a nerve-cell
taking the stain best in the cell-body, the formed
part of which is arranged in the shape of a network.

enarthrodia {en-ar-thro'-de-ah). See enarthrosis.

enarthrodial {en-ar-thro' -de-al) [enarthrosis]. Hav-
ing the character of an enarthrosis.

enarthrosis {en-ar-thro' -sis) [iv, in; apdpov, a joint].
A ball-and-socket joint, like that of the hip.

enarthrum {en-ar' -thrum) [see enarthrosis]. A
foreign body lodged in a joint.

encanthis {en-kan' -this) [iv, in; navdos, canthus].
A newgrowth in the inner canthus of the eye.

encapsulation {en-kap-su-la'-shun) [iv, in; capsula,
a capsule]. The process of surrounding a part with
a capsule.

encarditis {en-kard-i'-tis). Same as endocarditis.

enceinte {on{g)-sant') [Ft.]. With child; pregnant.

encelitis, encoelitis {en-se-li'-tis) [iv, in; /coiXia,
belly; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
abdominal viscera.

encephal {en'-sef-al). Same as encephalon, q. v.

encephalalgia {en-sef-al-al'-je-ah) [encephalon ;
aKyos, pain]. Pain in the head. e. hydropica,
hydrocephalus.

encephalanalosis {en-sef-al-an-al-o'-sis) [encepha-
lon; avaXwo-is, a wasting away]. Cerebral atrophy.

encephalasthenia {en-sef-al-as-the' -ne-ah) [ence-
phalon; asthenia]. Althaus' term for the cerebral
form of neurasthenia; failure of brain power.

encephalatrophic {en-sef -al-at-rof'-ik) [encephalo- ;
arpo<f>ia, wasting]. Relating to brain-atrophy.

encephalauxe {en-sef-al-awks'-e) [encephalon; av^ij,
increase]. Hypertrophy of the brain.

encephaledema {en-sef-al-e-de'-mah) [encephalon ;
edema]. Edema of the brain.

encephalelcosis {en-sef-al-el-ko'-sis) [encephalon ;
helcosis]. Ulceration of the brain.

encephalemia, encephalaemia {en-sef-al-e'-me-ah).
See encephalohemia.

encephalic {en-sef-al'-ik) [encephalon]. Pertaining
to the brain.

encephalin {en-sef -al-in) [iyKk<t>a\os, the brain].
A nitrogenous glucoside extracted from brain-tissue.

encephalion {en-sef -a' -le-on) [dim, of iyKe<t>a\os,
the brain]. The cerebellum.

encephalitic {en-sef -al-it'-ik) [encephalo-; ins, in-
flammation]. Relating to or affected with ence-
phalitis.

encephalitis {en-sef -al-i'-tis) [encephalon; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the brain. e.

ENCEPHALO-

326

ENDEMIC

neonatorum (Virchow), localized softening consisting
of numerous yellow spots surrounded by hemorrhage;
these occur most commonly in the brains of syphilitic
infants.

encephalo- (en-sef-al-o-) [encephalon]. A prefix
meaning relating to the encephalon or brain.

encephalocele (en-sef ' -al-o-sel) [encephalo-; (07X17,
tumor]. A hernia of the brain through a cranial
fissure.

encephalocoele (en-sef-al-o-se'-le) [encephalo- ; koLXos,
hollow]. 1. The cranial cavity. 2. The ventricles
of the brain.

encephalodialysis (en-sef-al-o-di-al'-is-is) [enceph-
alo-; Sid, through; \veiv, to loose]. Softening of
the brain.

encephalodynia (en-sef-al-o-din'-e-ah) [encephalo-;
65wr], pain]. Same as encephalalgia.

encephalohemia (en-sef -aUo-he' -me-ah) [encephalo- ;
alfia, blood]. Congestion of the brain.

encephaloid (en-sef -al-oid) [encephalo-; eldos,
like]. 1. Resembling brain tissue. 2. Soft car-
cinoma. See carcinoma, encephaloid.

encephalolith (en-sef -al-o-lith) [£yice<pd\os, brain;
Xi0os, stone]. A calculus of the brain; a brain-stone.

encephalolithiasis (en-sef-al-o-lith-i'-as-is) [£yKk4>-
oXos, brain; Xi0ia<ris, the formation of calculi].
The formation of brain-stones.

encephalology (en-sef-al-ol'-o-je) [£yKe<pa\os, brain;
X670S, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and
pathology of the brain.

encephaloma (en-sef-al-o' -mah) [encephalo-; 6pa,
tumor]. 1. A tumor of the brain. 2. Encephaloid
carcinoma.

encephalomalacia (en-sef -al-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [ence-
phalo-; fiaKada, softening]. Softening of the brain-
substance.

encephalomeningitis (en-sef -al-o-men-in-ji'-tis) [en-
cephalo-; meninges; ins, inflammation]. Combined
inflammation of the brain and membranes.

encephalomeningocele (en-sef -al-o-men-in' -go-sel)
[encephalo-; meningocele]. Hernia of the membranes
and brain-substance.

encephalomere (en-sef -al-o-mer) [eyKkcpaXos, brain;
fiepos, share]. Any one of the succession of natural
segments of axial parts into which the brain is
divisible.

encephalometer (en-sef -al-om'-et-er) [tyKe<f>a\os,
brain; ptrpov, measure]. An instrument for measur-
ing the cranium and locating certain brain-regions.

encephalomyelitis (en-sef -al-o-mi-el-i' -Us) . En-
cephalitis combined with myelitis.

encephalomyelopathy (en-sef -al-o-mi-el-op' -ath-e)
[encephalo-; pve\6s, marrow; waBos, disease]. Any
disease affecting both the brain and spinal cord.

encephalon (en-sef -al-on) [tyidxpaXos, brain].
The brain.

encephalonarcosis (en-sef -al-o-nar-ko' -sis) [iyK&f>-
aXos, brain; vapnoeiv, to benumb]. Stupor from
some brain-lesion.

encephaloncus (en-sef -al-ong'-kus) [£yKe<pa\os,
brain; 67/cos, a tumor]. See encephalophyma.

encephalopathy (en-sef -al-op' -ath-e) [encephalo- ;
iraffos, disease]. Any disease of the brain.

encephalophyma (en-sef -al-o-fi' -mah) [eyKi<pa\oi,
brain; <pvpa, a growth]. A tumor of the brain.

encephalopyosis (en-sef -al-o-pi-o' -sis) [encephalo- ;
pyosis]. Abscess of the brain.

encephalorrhachidian, encephalorachidian (en-sef-
al-o-ra-kid'-e-an) . Same as cerebrospinal.

encephalorrhagia (en-sef -al-or-a' -je-ah) [eynkQakos,
brain; priyvvvai, to break forth]. Cerebral hemor-
rhage.

encephaloscopy (en-sef -al-os' -ko-pe) [encephalo- ;
OKoirtlv, to examine]. Examination of the brain.

encephalosepsis (en-sef -al-o-sep' -sis) [encephalo- ;
afi4>fs, decay]. Gangrene of the tissue of the brain.

encephalosis (en-sef-al-o' -sis). The formation of
an encephaloma.

encephalospinal (en-sef -al-o-spi'-nal) [encephalo- ;
spina, the spine]. Pertaining to the brain and
spinal cord. e. axis, the cerebrospinal axis.

encephalothlipsis (en-sef -al-o-thlip' -sis) [encephalo-;
0Xtyis, pressure]. Pressure on the brain.

encephalotome (en-sef -al'-o-tom) [iyi<e<j>a\os, brain;
Top.ii, section]. An instrument for slicing the ence-
phalon for examination or preservation.

encephalotomy (en-sef -al-ot'-o-me) [£yKk<f>a\os,
brain; ropij, section]. 1. The anatomy or dissection
of the brain; surgical incision of the brain. 2. Ob-
stetric craniotomy.

enchondral (en-kon'-dral). See endochondral.

enchondroma (en-kon-dro'-mah) [£v, in; %bvbpos,
cartilage; opa, tumor; pi., enchondromata]. 1. A
tumor arising from or resembling cartilage in texture,
etc.; chondroma. 2. A cartilaginous growth within
an organ or tissue.

enchondrosarcoma (en-kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah). Sar-
coma containing cartilaginous tissue.

enchondrosis (en-kon-dro'-sis) [£v, within; xbvdpos,
cartilage: pi., enchondroses]. An outgrowth of
cartilage from an osseous or cartilaginous structure;
the process by which an enchondroma is developed.

enchylema (en-ki-le'-mah) [ev, in; x^Xos, juice].
A fluid, granular substance filling the interstices of
the cell-body and the nucleus.

enchyma (en'-ke-mah) [eyxelv, to pour in]. An
organic juice elaborated from chyme, the formative
juice of tissues.

enclave (en-klav', on(g)-klahv') [Fr.]. Any sub-
stance enclosed within a foreign tissue, as an oil-
globule in a cell; any exclave (q. v.) considered in
relation to the part that surrounds it.

enclavement (on(g)-klahv'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Re-
tention due to a constriction; impaction, as of the
head in the pelvic strait.

enclitic (en-klit'-ik) [eyKXin/cos, leaning on].
Presenting obliquely; not synclitic.

encoleosis (en-ko-le-o'-sis) [ev, in; koXcos, sheath].
Invagination.

encolpism, encolpismus (en-kol'-pizm, en-kol-piz'-
mus) [ev, in; koXitos, the vagina]. 1. A vaginal
suppository. 2. Medication by vaginal suppositories.

encolpitis (en-kol-pi'-tis) [iv, in; koXitos, vagina].
Mucous vaginitis.

encranial (en-kra'-ne-al). See intracranial.

encraty (en'-krat-e) [eyKpareta, mastery]. Self-
control ; continence or strict temperance.

encyesis (en-si-e'-sis) [eyKvriais]. Pregnancy.

encysted (en-sist'-ed) [ev, in; kvotis, a cyst].
Inclosed in a cyst or capsule.

encystment (en-sist'-ment) [ev, in; kvotis, a bag].
The process of becoming encysted.

end [ME., ende]. The terminal point of a thing,
e.-artery, one that does not communicate with other
arteries, e.-body, Wassermann's term for that
substance which kills the bacteria in the production
of immunity to typhoid. Cf. body, immune, e.
brain. See telencephalon. e. brush, the finely
branched terminal expansion of an axone. e.-bud,
e.-bulb, the terminal bulb of a nerve in the skin.
e.-organ, the terminal part of a sensory nerve-fiber.
e.-plate. 1. The expanded terminal of a motor
nerve upon a bundle of muscular fibers. 2. The
achromatic masses at the poles of the spindle in
karyokinesis of Protozoa, e.-plate, motorial nerve.
See motorial end-plate.

Endamoeba, Endameba. See Entamoeba, Entameba.

endangeitis, endangitis (end-an-je-i'-tis, end-an-
ji'-tis) [endo-; ayyelov, vessel; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the endangium.

endangic, endangidic (end-an'-jik, end-an-jid'-ik)
[see endangium]. Endovascular.

endangium (end-an'-je-um) [endo-; ayyelov, vessel].
The intima or inmost coat of a blood-vessel.

endanthem (end-an' -them) [endo-; avdelv, to
bloom]. A term applied to a mucous exanthem.

endaortitis (end-a-or-ti'-tis) [endo-; aorta; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the intima of the
aorta.

endarterial (end-ar-te'-re-al). Within an artery.

endarteritis (end-ar-ter-i'-tis) [endo-; aprripia,
artery; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
inner coat of an artery, e., obliterating, arteritis
obliterans, a form in which the production of new
connective tissue obliterates the vessel-lumen.

endaxoneuron (en-daks-o-nu' -ron) [endo-; axo-
neuron]. A neuron whose nerve-process does not
leave the spinal cord; the endaxoneurons include the
column cells and the internal cells.

endectoplastic (end-ek-to-plas'-tik) [endo-; e/cros,
outward; Tr\aao-ew, to form]. Applied to cells
which form tissue by a metamorphosis of the proto-
plasm at both the periphery and the center.

endeictic (en-dik'-tik) [£v, in; Beucvvvai, to show].
Symptomatic; serving as an indication.

endeixis (en-diks'-is) [evSei^is, a pointing out].
A symptom, sign, or indication.

endemic (en-dem'-ik) [iv, in; bfipos, a people].
Of a disease, found in a certain place more or less
constantly.

ENDEMICITY

327

ENDOLARYNGEAL

endemicity, endemism (en-dem-is'-it-e, en'-dem-izm)
[kv, in; dijfios, a people]. The quality of being
endemic.

endemiology (en-de'-me-ol-o-je) [iv, in; dijp.os, a
people; \6yos, science]. The science of endemic
diseases.

endemoepidemic (en-dem-o-ep-e-dem'-ik). Endem-
ic, but periodically becoming epidemic.

endepidermis (end-ep-e-der'-mis) [endo-; epidermis].
The inner layer of the epidermis.

endennic, endermatic (en-der'-mik, en-der-mat'-ik)
[kv, in; depfia, the skin]. Situated on or applied to
the true skin; within the skin. e. medication, a
method of administering medicines through the skin
after removal of the cuticle by means of a blister.

endermism (en'-derm-izm). The endermatic ad-
ministration of remedies. See endermic.

endennosis (en-der-mo'-sis) [see endermic]. i. A
method of administering medicines through the
skin by rubbing. 2. Any herpetic affection of a
mucosa.

enderon (en'-der-on) [iv, in; Sepos, skin]. The
true skin or derm, together with the non-epithelial
portion of the mucous membrane.

enderonic (en-der-on'-ik) [iv, in; bkpos, skin].
Pertaining to or of the nature of the enderon.

endexoteric (en-deks-o-ter'-ik) [endo-; i^corepiKos,
outer]. Due both to internal and external causes.

end-lobe (end' -lob). The occipital lobe of the
brain.

endo- (en-do-) [ivdov, within]. A prefix meaning
within.

Endo's medium (en' -do). A culture medium of
lactose agar with sodium hydroxide, phenolphthalein,
fuchsin and sodium sulphite; it was recommended
as an aid in differentiating between B. coli, and
B. typhosus.

endoabdominal (en-do-ab-dom'-in-al) . Within the
abdomen.

endoaneurysmorrhaphy (en-do-an-u-ris' -mor-af-e) .
The operation of opening an aneurysmal sac and of
suturing all openings inside of it.

endoaortitis (en-do- a-or-ti'-tis). See endaortitis.

endoappendicitis (en-do-ap-en-dis-i'-tis) [endo- ;
appendicitis]. Inflammation of the mucosa of the
vermiform appendix.

endoarteritis (en-do-ar-ter-i'-tis). See endarteritis.

endoauscultation (en-do-aws-kul-ta'-shun) [endo- ;
auscultare, to listen to]. A method of auscultation
by means of an esophageal tube passed into the
stomach.

endoblast (en' -do-blast) [endo-; ffKaarbs, a germ].
The cell-nucleus; the internal blastema.

endoblastic (en-do-blas' -tik) [see endoblast). 1.
Having an endoblast or nucleus. 2. Pertaining to
the nucleus.

endobronchitis (en-do-brong-ki'-tis) [endo-; bron-
chitis]. Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa.

endocardiac, endocardial (en-do-kar'-de-ak, -de-al)
[endocardium]. Situated or arising within the heart.

endocarditic (en-do-kar-dit'-ik) [endo-; KapSLa, the
heart]. Pertaining to or affected with endocarditis.

endocarditis (en-do-kar-di'-tis) [endocardium; wis,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the endocardium
or lining membrane of the heart. The condition
may be acute or chronic. Acute endocarditis is either
warty or ulcerative, both of these being micro-
organismal in origin. The most frequent causes of
the acute form are rheumatism and the infectious
fevers. The disease usually affects the valves of the
left side of the heart, and gives rise to a murmur, to
fever, dyspnea, and rapid pulse. In the ulcerative
forms the symptoms resemble those of pyemia (hectic
fever, chills, sweats, embolic processes). Chronic
or sclerotic endocarditis is either a terminal process
following the acute forms, or is a primary affection
beginning insidiously. The latter is usually associ-
ated with general arteriosclerosis, and is due to gout,
rheumatism, alcoholism, syphilis, and to. other ob-
scure causes. Both the acute and the chronic form
give rise to insufficiency or obstruction of the valvular
orifice, or to both combined.

endocardium (en-do-kar'-de-um) [endo-; icapSla,
the heart]. The serous membrane lining the interior
of the heart.

endocarp (en'-do-karp) [endo-; Kapwos, fruit].
The inner hard and stony membranous or fleshy
layer of a pericarp; e. g., the stone of a peach.

endocervical (en-do-ser'-vik-al) [endo-; cervix, neck].
Relating to the inside of the uterine cervix.

endocervicitis (en-do-ser-vis-i'-tis) [endo-; cervix,
neck; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lining
membrane of the cervix uteri.

endochondral (en-do-kon'-dral) [endo-; xo^pos,
cartilage]. Situated within a cartilage.

endochorion (en-do-ko'-re-on) [endo-; chorion].
The inner chorion; the vascular layer of the allantois.

endochorionic (en-do-ko-re-on'-ik) [endo-; chorion].
Relating to the endochorion.

endochrome (en'-do-krom) [endo-; xp«/*a, color].
The coloring-matter, other than green, of the endo-
plasm of a cell, or that of diatoms or of flowers.

endochylema (en-do-ki-le'-mah) [endo-; x^Xos,
juice]. The semi-fluid substance filling the proto-
plasmic reticulum of a cell.

endochyme (en'-do-kim) [endo-; x^mos. juice].
The formative cell-sap elaborated from the chyme.

endocolitis (en-do-ko-li'-tis). See colitis.

endocolpitis (en-do-kol-pi'-tis) [endo-; koKttos,
vagina]. Same as encolpitis.

endocomplements (en-do-kom'-ple-ments). A class
of intracellular complements.

endocranial (en-do-kra'-ne-aV). 1. Relating to the
endocranium. 2. See intracranial.

endocranitis (en-do-kra-ni'-tis) [endo-; upavlov, the
skull; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
endocranium; pachymeningitis externa.

endocranium (en-do-kra'-ne-um) [endo-; Kpavlov,
the skull]. 1. The cerebral dura. 2. The inner
surface of the skull.

endocrin (en'-do-krin) [endo-; icplveiv, to separate].
Any internal secretion.

endocrinology (en-do-krin-oV -o-je) [endo-; icplveiv,
to separate; \6yos science]. The study of the endo-
crinous glands and their secretions; the study of the
internal secretions.

endocrinous, endocrinic (en-dok'-rin-us, en-do-
krin'-ik) [see endocrin]. Pertaining to an internal
secretion or to a gland producing such a secretion.
e. glands. 1. Glands producing an internal secretion.
2. The ductless glands.

endocritic (en-do-krit'-ik). Same as endocrinic.

endocular (end-ok'-u-lar). Intraocular.

endocyma (en-do-si' -mah) [endo-; Kvp.a, a fetus].
A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite
is contained within the body of the autosite.

endocystitis (en-do-sist-i'-tis). See cystitis.

endocytic (en-do-sit' -ik) [endo-; kvtos, a cell].
Relating to the contents of a cell.

endoderm (en' -do-derm) [endo-; Sepfia, skin]. The
inner of the two primitive cell-layers of the embyro.
It lines the cavity of the primitive intestine and its
derivatives. Syn., hypoblast. See blastoderm.

endodermal, endodermic (en-do-derm' -al, -ik).
Relating to the endoderm; applied to structures
originating in the lower layers of the derma, as dentin.

endodermis (en-do-der'-mis) [endo-; bepp,a, skin].
The layer of cells surrounding a fibrovascular cylinder.

endodiascopy (en-do-di-as'-ko-pe) [endo-; 8La,
through; aicoweZv, to examine]. Exploration by
means of a Crookes tube introduced into a natural
body-cavity. _

endodontitis (en-do-don-ti'-tis) [endo-; 68ovs, a
tooth; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
pulp of a tooth.

endoenteritis (en-do-en-ter-i'-tis). See enteritis.

endoesophagitis (en-do-e-sof-aj-i'-tis) [endo-; eso-
phagitis]. Inflammation of the membrane lining
the esophagus.

endoexoteric (en-do-eks-o-ter'-ik) [endo-; ifarepiicos,
external]. Applied to a disease the origin of which
is both endopathic and exopathic.

endogastritis (en-do-gas-tri'-tis) [endo-; gastritis].
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
stomach.

endogenesis, endogeny (en-do- j en' -e-sis, en-doj'-
en-e) [endo-; yevecris, production]. Growth within;
endogenous formation.

endogenous (en-doj'-en-us) [see endogenesis]. Pro-
duced within. Applied to spore-formation or cell-
formation inside of a parent-cell.

endoglobular (en-do-glob' -u-lar) [endo-; globus, a
ball]. Within the blood-corpuscles.

endognathion (end-og-na' -the-on) [endo-; yvaBos,
jaw]. The middle portion of the superior maxilla.

endogonium (en-do-go' -ne-um) [endo-; ybvos, seed].
A gonidium formed inside of a receptacle of parent-
cell, as in the Saprolegniecz. Mucorini, Vaucheria.

endolaryngeal (en-do-lar-in'-je-al) [endo-; larynx].
Within the larynx.

ENDOLEMMA

328

ENDOTHELIOMYXOMA

endolemma (en-do-lem'-ah). Synonym of neuri-
lemma.

endolymph (en'-do-limf) [endo-; lympha, water].
The fluid of the membranous labyrinth of the
ear.

endolymphangeal (en-do-lim-fan'-je-al) [endo- ;
lympha, lymph; kyyelov, vessel]. Situated or belong-
ing within a lymph-vessel; as an endolymphangeal
nodule.

endolymphic (en-do-lim'-fik). Relating to or of
the nature of endolymph.

endolysin (en-dol'-is-in) [endo-; lysin]. An intra-
cellular leukocytic bactericidal substance.

endomastoiditis (en-do-mas-toid-i'-tis) [endo-; mas-
toiditis]. Inflammation within the mastoid cavity.

endometrectomy (en-do-met-rek'-to-me) [endomet-
rium; enTop.ii, a cutting out]. The extirpation of the
entire mucosa of the uterus through the abdomen
and incised uterus.

endometrial (en-do-me'-tre-al) [endo-; prirpa, the
womb]. Pertaining to the endometrium; situated
within the uterus.

endometritis (en-do-me-tri'-tis) [endometrium; iris,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the endometrium.
e., cervical. See endocervicitis. e. dissecans, e.,
dissecting, e. exfoliativa. See dysmenorrhea, mem-
branous, e. dolorosa, painful spasms or continuous
pain in the region of the uterus, believed to be due
to an inflammatory lesion of the uterine mucosa
localized in the fundus at the internal orifice and
opening of the tubes, e., fungous, that in which
the lining membrane is hypertrophied, with the
formation of vascular granulations. Syn., hemor-
rhagic endometritis, e., hemorrhagic. See e.,
fungous, e., simple, a catarrhal inflammation of the
endometrium.

endometrium (en-do-me'-tre-um) [endo-; pvrpa,
uterus]. The mucous membrane lining the uterus.

endometry (en-dom'-et-re) [endo-; pkrpov, measure].
The measurement of the interior of an organ or cavity,
as of the cranium.

endometrorrhagia (en-do-met-ro-raj'-e-ah). See
metrorrhagia.

endomyocarditis (en-do~mi-o-kar-di'-tis) [endo- ;
nvs, muscle; Kapbia, heart; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of both endocardium and myocardium.

endomysial (en-do-miz'-e-al) [endo-; pvs, muscle].
Pertaining to or of the nature of endomysium.

endomysium (en-do-miz'-e-um) [endo-; pvs, muscle].
The connective tissue between the fibrils of a muscu-
lar bundle.

endonephritis (en-do-nef-ri'-tis) [endo-; ve<j>pbs,
kidney; ms, inflammation]. Synonym of pyelitis.

endoneural (en-do-nu'-ral) [endo-; vevpov, nerve].
Relating to or situated within the interior of a nerve

endoneurial (en-do-nu'-re-al) [endo-; vevpov, a
nerve]. Relating to the endoneurium.

endoneuritis (en-do-nu-ri'-tis). Inflammation of
the endoneurium.

endoneurium (en-do-nu'-re-um) [endo-; vevpov, a
nerve]. The delicate connective tissue holding to-
gether the fibrils of a bundle of nerves.

endoparasite (en-do-par'-as-lt) [endo-; irapao-nos,
parasite]. A parasite living within its host.

endoparasitic (en-do-par-as-it'-ik). Of the nature
of an endoparasite.

endopathic (en-do-path' -ik) [endo-; iraBos, disease].
Pertaining to the origin of disease from conditions
or causes not derived from without. See exopathic.

endopathy (en-dop '-ath-e) [endo-; iraBos, disease].
Any disease arising within the body.

endoperiarteritis (en-do-per-e-ar-ter-i'-tis). Endar-
teritis combined with periarteritis.

endopericarditis (en-do-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [endo- ;
vtpi, around; Kapbia, the heart; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of both endocardium and pericardium.

endoperimyocarditis (en-do-per-e-mi-o-kar-di '-tis)
[endo-; irepi, around; pvs, muscle; Kapbia, heart; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of endocardium, peri-
cardium, and myocardium.

endoperineuritis (en-do-per-e-nu-ri'-tis) [endo- ;
irepi, around; vevpov, a nerve; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of both endoneurium and perineurium.

endoperitonitis (en-do-per-it-on-i'-tis) [endo-; peri
tonitis]. Synonym of peritonitis.

endophlebitis (en do-fle-bi'-tis) [endo-; phlebitis].
Inflammation of the inner coat of a vein.

endophyte (en'-do-fit) [endo-; <j>vrbv, a plant].
Same as entophyle.

endoplasm (en'-do-plazm) [endo-; ir\a<rpa, a thing

formed]. The inner granular protoplasm of a
protozoan or of a histologic cell.

endoplast (en'-do-plast) [endo-; ir\aarbs, formed].
In biology, the nuclear body of a protozoan; the
homologue of the nucleus of a histologic cell. (Hux-
ley.)

endoplastule (en-do-plas' -tfd) [endo-; irXao-rbs,
formed]. In biology, a small oval or rounded body,
often found attached to the endoplast of a protozoan;
the homologue of the nucleolus of a histologic cell.
Cf. entoblast.

endorhinitis (en-do-ri-ni'-tis) [endo-; rhinitis].
Inflammation of the membrane lining the nasal

endosalpmgitis(en-do-sal-pin-ji'-tis) [endo-; aaKinyZ,
trumpet, tube;, ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the lining membrane of a Fallopian tube.

endosarc (en'-do-sark) [endo-; aapt, flesh]. The
inner protoplasm of a protozoan.

endoscope (en'-do-skop) [endo-; o-Koirelv, to ob-
serve]. An instrument for the examination of a
body-cavity through its natural outlet.

endoscopy (en-dos'-ko-pe) [endo-; o-noirelv, to
observe]. The practice or process of using the
endoscope. The examination of cavities or organs
within the body by means of an endoscope.

endosepsis (en-do-sep'-sis) [endo-; arj^/is, decay].
Septicemia arising within the body.

endoskeleton (en-do-skel'-et-on) [endo-; aKeXerbv,
a dry body]. The internal supporting structure of
an animal.

endosmic (en-dos'-mik). Relating to endosmosis.

endosmometer (en-dos-mom' -et-er) [endosmosis ;
pkrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
endosmosis.

endosmose (en'-dos-mos). Same as endosmosis.

endosmosis (en-dos-mo'-sis) [endo-; uapbs, im-
pulsion]. The passage of a liquid through a porous
septum from without inward.

endosmotic (en-dos-mot'-ik) [see endosmosis]. Per-
taining to endosmosis. e. equivalent, the weight of
distilled water that passes into the flask of the
endosmometer in exchange for a known weight of the
soluble substance.

endosperm (en' -do-sperm) [endo-; aireppa, seed].
In biology, the albumin of a seed.

endospore (en'-do-spor) [endo-; o-n-bpos, seed],
i. A spore formed within the parent-cell. 2. The
inner coat of a spore.

endosteal (end-os'-te-al) [endo-; bar'eov, a bone].
Relating to endosteum.

endosteitis (end-os-te-i'-tis) [endo-; bar'eov, a bone;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the endosteum.

endosteoma, endostoma (end-os-te-o'-mah, end-os-
to'-mah) [endo-; bareov, bone: pi., endostomata].
A bony tumor within a bone, or in a cavity surrounded
by bone.

endostethoscope (en-do-steth'-o-skop) [endo-; stetho-
scope]. A form of stethoscope for auscultation
through the esophagus.

endosteum (end-os'-te-um) [endo-; barkov, bone].
The vascular membranous layer of connective
tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones.

endostosis (end-os-to'-sis) [endo-; bar'eov, bone:
pi., endostoses]. Ossification of a cartilage.

endothelial (en-do-the'-le-al) [endothelium]. Per-
taining to endothelium.

endothelioid (en-do-the'-le-oid) [endothelium; elbos,
form]. Resembling endothelium.

endothelioinoma (en-do-the-le-o-in-o'-mah) [endo-
thelium; Is, a fiber; bpa, a tumor: pi., endothelioino-
mata]. A malignant inoma or fibroma of endothelial
origin.

endothelioleiomyoma (en-do-the-le-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah)
[endothelium; Xelos, smooth; pvs, muscle; qpa, tumor:
pi., endothelioleiomyomata]. Endothelial and malig-
nant leiomyoma; myosarcoma.

endotheliolysin (en-do-the-le-oV -is-in) [endothe-
lium; Xixris, a loosing]. A cytotoxin endowed with
the capacity of dissolving endothelial cells. Syn.,
hemorrhagin.

endothelioma (en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [endothelium ;
bpa, a tumor]. A variety of sarcoma formed by
the multiplication of the endothelial cells of lym-
phatic spaces.

endotheliomyoma (en-do-the-le-o-mi-o'-mah). , A
myoma springing from endothelium.

endotheliomyxoma (en-do-the-le-o-miks-o'-mah) [en-
dothelium; pv£a, mucus; bpa, a tumor; pi., endo-
theliomyxomata]. Endothelial and malignant myxoma.

ENDOTHELIORHABDOMYOMA

329

ENTAL

endotheliorhabdomyoma (en-do-the'-le-o-rab-do-mi-
o'-mah) [endothelium; pafiSos, a rod; nvs, muscle;
Sua, a tumor: pi., endotheliorhabdomyomata]. Endo-
thelial and malignant rhabdomyoma.

endotheliotoxin {en-do-the-le-o-toks' -in) . See endo-
theliolysin.

endothelium (en-do-the'-le-um) [endo-; 077X17, a
nipple]. The lining membrane of serous, synovial,
and other internal surfaces, e., subepithelial. See
Debove's membrane, e., vascular, that lining the
heart-cavities, the blood-vessels, and lymph-vessels.

endothermic (en-do-ther'-mik) [endo-; Oepurj, heat].
Relating to the absorption of heat. e. substances,
or compounds, those of which the formation is
attended with an absorption of heat.

endothoracic (en-do-tho-ras'-ik) [endo-; thorax].
Situated or occurring within the thorax.

endothyropexy, endothyreopexy (en-do-thi' -ro-pek-
se, en-do-ihi' -re-o-pek-se) . The operation of separating
the thyroid from the trachea, and fixing it to one
side.

endotin (en' -do-tin) . A preparation of tuberculin,
said to be pure.

endotome (en'-do-tom) [endo-; rkfiveLv, to cut].
Strong shears used in decapitation of the fetus.

endotoscope (en-do' -to-skop) [endo-; ous, the ear;
crKoirelp, to view]. An apparatus designed for
examination of the ear and for rendering visible the
movements of the tympanum.

endotoxin (en-do-toks'-in) [endo-; to^ikov, a poison].
A toxin found within the organism.

endotracheitis (en-do-trak-e-i'-tis) [endo- ; tracheitis].
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
trachea.

endotrachelitis (en-do-trak-el-i'-tis). See endo-
cervicitis.

endotrypsin (en-do-trip' -sin) [endo-; trypsin]. A
digestive ferment resembling trypsin in its action;
it is derived from yeasts.

endovascular (en-do-vas'-ku-lar) . See intravascular.

endovasculitis (en-do-vas-ku-li'-tis). See endan-
geitis.

endovenous (en-do-ve'-nus). See intravenous.
e. medication, the introduction of medicaments in
solution into the veins.

end-plate (end' -plat). A flattened disc at the
ending of a motor nerve fiber in muscular tissue.

endyma (en'-dim-ah) [evdvfia, garment]. The
ependyma, or lining epithelial membrane of the
ventricles of the brain, and of the cavity of the
spinal cord.

endymal (en'-dim-al). Relating to the endyma.

enecation (en-ek-a' -shun) [e, out; necare, to kill].
Destruction of life; complete exhaustion.

enechema (en-ek-e'-mah) [iv, in; vxvv">-> sound,
ringing]. Tinnitus aurium.

enecia (e-ne'-she-ah) [fivers, continuous]. A
continuous fever.

enema (en'-em-ah) [iv, in; levai, to send: pi.,
enemata]. A rectal injection for therapeutic or
nutritive purposes. See alimentation, rectal, and
clyster.

enemose (en'-em-os) [enema]. Trade name of a
preparation especially designed for colonic alimenta-
tion; it is a concentrated fluid made ready for use
by simple dilution.

enepidermatic, enepidermic (en-ep-e-der-mat'-ik,
-der'-mik) [iv, in; iiriSepnis, the epidermis]. Per-
taining to the treatment of disease by application to
the skin.

energid (en-er'-jid) [ivepyelv, to execute]. Sachs'
term for the cell -nucleus and the cytoplasm lying
within its sphere of influence.

energin (en-ur'-jin). An artificial food prepared
from protein.

energometer (en-er-gom'-et-er) [energy; ukrpov,
measure]. An apparatus for measuring blood
pressure.

energy (en'-er-je) [iv, in; Ipyov, work]. The
capacity for doing work. All forms of energy are
mutually convertible one into the other, without
loss, a principle expressed in the term "conservation
of energy." e., kinetic, the power of a body in
motion, e., latent, e., potential, the power possessed
by a body at rest, by virtue of its position, as the
potential energy of a suspended weight.

enervate (en'-er-vate) [enervere, weakness]. To
weaken.

enervation (en-er-va'-shun) [enervatio, weakness].
1. Weakness; lassitude; languor from lack of nerve-

stimulus; neurasthenia; the reduction of the strength.
2. The removal of a section of a. nerve.

enesol (en'-e-sol). Mercury salicylarsenate; an
antisyphilitic remedy.

engastrius (en-gas' -tre-us) [iv, in; yaarrip, belly].
A monstrosity in which one fetus is included within
the peritoneal cavity of another.

Engelmann's intermediate disc (eng'-el-mahn)
[Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann, German physiologist,
1843- ]. See Krause's membrane. E.'s lateral
disc, the narrow zone of transparent homogeneous
substance on each side of Krause's membrane.

English disease. Synonym of rhachitis. E.
sweating fever. A contagious fever of the sixteenth
century.

englobing (en-glo'-bing) [iv, in; globus, a globe].
The taking in of an object by a monad, ameba, or
phagocyte.

engomphosis (en-gom-fo'-sis) [iv, in; y6n<pos, nail].
Gomphosis, q. v.

engonus (en'-gon-us) [iv, in; Ttwac, to produce].
1. Native. 2. Offspring.

engorged (en-gorjd') [see engorgement]. Congested.
e. papilla. Choked disc; see papillitis.

engorgement (en-gorj'-ment) [Fr., engorgement, a
choking up]. Overdistention of the vessels of a
part with blood.

enhematospores (en-hem -at-o-spors) [iv, in; alfia,
blood; airopos, a spore]. Ray Lankester's name for
the first spores of the malarial parasite produced
within the human body.

enhemospore (en-hem' -o-sp or) . Same as enhemato-
spore.

enkatarrhaphy (en-kat-ar'-af-e) [iynaTappairTeiv,
to sew in]. The method of sewing the two sides of a
furrow together to bury an epithelial structure.

enneurosis (en-u-ro'-sis) [iv, in; vevpov, a nerve].
Innervation.

enomania (e-no-ma' -ne-ah) [olvos, wine; fiavia,
madness]. Excessive use of or desire for intoxicating
liquors; insanity due to intoxication. Also, delirium
tremens.

enophthalmia (en-off-thaV -me-ah) [iv, in; 6<f>9a\fi6s,
eye]. Retraction of the eyeball in the orbit.

enophthalmin (en-of-thal'-min) . Oxytoluylmethyl-
vinyldiacetonalkamine hydrochloride. A substance
clsoely allied to eucaine; it is used as a mydriatic in
2 to s % solution.

enophthalmos (en-of-thal'-mos) [iv, in; 6<t>6a\nbs,
the eye]. Recession of the eyeball into the orbit.

enorchismus (en-or-kis'-mus). See cryptorchidism.

enorganic (en-or-gan'-ik) . Referring to that which
is inherent in an organism.

enosimania (en-os-e-ma' -ne-ah) [ivo<ns, trembling;
fiavia, madness]. Insanity marked by terror, the
patient expecting for himself the most dreadful visita-
tions.

enostosis (en-os-to'-sis) [iv, inj oarkov, bone].
A tumor or bony outgrowth within the medullary
canal of a bone.

ens (enz') [esse, to be]. An entity; an inherent
quality or power, e. morbi, the pathology of a
disease considered apart from its etiology.

ensellure (ahn-sel-yur') [Fr.]. The strongly
marked curve of the dorsolumbosacral region; saddle-
back. It is especially marked among Spanish
women.

ensiform (en'-sif-orm) [ensis, a sword; forma,
form]. Shaped like a sword, e. appendix, e.
cartilage, the cartilaginous process at the lower
extremity of the sternum.

ensisternal (en-sis-ter'-nal). Pertaining to the
ensisternum.

ensisternum (en-sis-ter'-num) [ensis, sword; ster-
num]. The xiphisternum or ensiform cartilage.

ensomphalic (en-som-fal'-ik). Pertaining to an
ensomphalus.

ensomphalus (en-som'-fal-us) [iv, in; au^a, body;
6/MJ>a\6s, navel]. A double monstrosity with prac-
tically complete and functionating organs, but
united with a more or less superficial bond.

enstrophe (en'-stro-fe) [iv, in; orpk<j>u.v, to turn].
Inversion, as of the margin of an eyelid.

entacoustic (ent-ak-oos'-lik) [entos; aicoveiv, to
hear]. Applied to subjective auditory sensations
having their origin within the ear or in its vicinity.

entad (en' -tad) [see ental]. From without inward;
toward a center; the opposite of ectad.

ental (en'-tal) [ivros, within]. A surface, aspect,
or structure farther from the periphery or nearer the

ENTALLANTOIC

330

ENTEROHEPATITIS

center than that with which it is contrasted; the
opposite of ectal.

entallantoic (ent-'al-an-to'-ik) [ento-; allantois].
Located within the allantoic sac.

entamniotic (ent-am-ne-ot'-ik) [ento-; amnion].
Located within the folds of the manion.

Entamoeba, Entameba (ent-am-e'-bah). A genus
of amoeba, including the species that are internal
parasites. See ameba.

entasia, entasis (en-ta'-se-ah, en'-tas-is) [Ivraois,
a straining]. A generic term for spasmodic muscular
action; tonic spasm.

entatic {en-tat' -ik) [entasis]. Causing spasm or
strain; aphrodisiac.

entecephalic (ent-en-sef-aV -ik) [entos; encephalon].
Applied to sensations having origin within the brain
and not in the external world.

entepicondylar (ent-ep-e-kon'-dil-ar) [entos; epi-
condyle]. Located at the inner aspect of the epi-
condyle.

entepicondyle (ent-ep-e-kon'-dil) [entos; epicondyle].
Owen's name for the internal condyle of the humerus.

enteque (ahn-ta'-ka) [Ft.]. A curious disease of
South American animals marked by the occurrence
of hard spines of bone in the lungs.

entera (en'-ter-ah). Plural of enteron, q. v.

enteraden (ent-er' -ad-en) [entero-; adi)v, a gland;
pi., enteradenes]. Any gland of the intestinal tract.

enteradenitis (en-ter-ad-en-i'-tis) [enteraden; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the intestinal
glands.

enteradenography (en-ter-ad-en-og'-ra-fe) [enter-
aden; ypcupeiv, to write]. A treatise on the intestinal
glands.

enteradenology (en-ter-ad-en-oV -o-je) [enteraden ;
X670S, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and
pathology of the intestinal glands.

enteragra (en-ter-a'-grah) [entero-; ay pa, seizure].
Gout in the intestine.

enteral {en'-ter-al) [Zvrepov, intestine]. Intestinal.
See parenteral.

enteralgia (en-ter-al'-je-ah) [entero-; &X70S, pain].
Pain in the bowels.

enterangiemphraxis {en-ter-an-je-em-fraks'-is) [en-
tero-; ayyelov, a vessel; en<j>pa£is, a stoppage].
Obstruction of the blood-vessels of the intestine.

enteratrophia (en-ter-at-ro'-fe-ah) [entero-; atrophy].
Intestinal atrophy.

enterauxe (en-ter-awks'-e) [entero-; av^rj, growth].
Hypertrophy of the muscles of the intestinal wall.

enterectasis (en-ter-ek' -las-is) [entero-; iKraais,
dilatation]. Dilatation of some part of the small
intestine.

enterectomy (en-ter-ek'-to-me) [entero-; eKToprj,
excision]. Excision of a part of the intestine.

enterelcosis (en-ter-el-ko'-sis) [entero-; e\i<o)(ns,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the bowel.

enterembole (en-ter-em'-bo-le) [entero-; ip.@o\ri,
insertion]. Intussusception of the intestine.

enteremia (en-ter-e'-me-ah) [entero-; alpa, blood].
Intestinal congestion.

enteremphraxis (en-ter-em-fraks'-is) [entero-; ep-
<ppa£is, a stoppage]. Intestinal obstruction.

enterepiplocele (en-ter-ep-ip'-lo-sel) [entero-; eiri-
ir\ocv, caul; Krp\rj, hernia]. Hernia in which both
bowel and omentum are involved.

enterepiplomphalocele (en-ter-ep-ip-lom-fal'-o-sel)
[entero-; iiriirKoov, caul; 6p<pa\6s, navel; K17X77, hernia].
Umbilical hernia, with protrusion of the omentum.

enteric (en-ter'-ik) [evrepov, intestine]. Pertaining
to the intestine, e. fever, typhoid fever.

entericoid (en-ter'-ik-oyd) [enteric; eldos, resem-
blance]. Resembling typhoid fever, e. fever, a
fever which resembles typhoid fever but is neither
typhoid nor paratyphoid.

enteritic (en-ter-it'-ik) [entero-; irw, inflammation].
Relating to enteritis.

enteritis (en-ter-i'-tis) [entero-; tr«, inflammation].
Inflammation of the intestine, e., chronic cystic,
that characterized by the formation of cystic dilata-
tions of the intestinal glands due to stenosis of the
mouths of the gland, e., diphtheritic, e. diphtheritica,
a form in which the mucosa is covered by a flaky,
whitish-gray deposit, e. nodularis, that charac-
terized by hyperplastic enlargement of the lymph-
nodules, e., phlegmonous, a secondary phenomenon
due to other intestinal diseases, particularly carci-
noma, ulcers of tuberculous, dysenteric, and em-
bolic origin, and occasionally to strangulated hernia
and intussusception, e. polyposa, that charac-

terized by polypoid growths in the intestine resulting
from proliferation of the connective tissue, e.,
pseudomembranous, a nonfebrile affection of the
intestinal mucous membrane marked by periodic
formation of viscous, shreddy, or tubular exudates,
composed chiefly of mucin.

entero- (en-ter'-o-) [evrepov, intestine]. A prefix
denoting relation to the intestine.

enteroanastomosis (en-te-ro-an-as-to-mo'-sis). In-
testinal anastomosis.

enteroapokleisis (en-ter-o-ap-o-kli'-sis) [entero- ;
aironXeiais, a shutting off]. The surgical exclusion
of a portion of the intestine.

enterobrosis (en-ter-o-bro'-sis) [entero-; /8p«<ns, an
eating]. Perforation or ulceration of the intestine.

enterocele (en'-ter-o-sel) [entero-; K17X77, hernia].
A hernia containing a loop of intestine.

enteroceliac, enterocoeliac (en-ter-o-se'-le-ak). Re-
lating to the abdominal cavity.

enterocentesis (en-ter-o-sen-te'-sis) [entero-; Kkvrr\-
vis, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the intestine.

enteroceptive impulses (en'-ter-o-sep-tiv) [entero-;
capere, to take]. Afferent nerve impulses which
derive their stimulation from internal organs.

enterochirurgia (en-ter-o-ki-rur'-je-ah) [entero- ;
xetpovpyia, surgery]. Intestinal surgery.

enterocholecystostomy (en-ler-o-ko-le-sis-tos'-to-me) .
Same as cholecystenterostomy.

enterocholecystotomy (en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tot'-o-me) .
Same as cholecystenterotomy.

enterocleisis (en-ter-o-kli'-sis) [entero-; /cXeuus,
a closing]. Occulusion of the bowel.

enteroclysis (en-ter-ok'-lis-is) [entero-; kKvo-is, a
drenching]. Injection of a large quantity of fluid
into the rectum to reach the small intestine; a high
enema.

enteroclysm (en'-ter-o-klizm) [entero-; nXva-pa, a
clyster]. 1. A rectal injection. 2. A syringe.

enteroclyster (en-ter-o-klis'-ter) [entero-; clyster].*
A rectal clyster or enema.

enteroccele (en'-ter-o-sel) [entero-; KoiXia, a cavity].
The abdominal cavity.

enterocolitis (en-ter-o-ko-li'-tis) [entero-; colitis].
Inflammation of the small intestine and of the colon.

enterocolostomy (en-ter-o-ko-los'-to-me) [entero- ;
colostomy]. Operation for the formation of a com-
munication between the small intestine and colon.

enteroconiosis, enterokoniosis (en-ter-o-ko-ne-o'-
sis) [entero-; novla, dust]. Any gastrointestinal
affection due to dust.

enterocyst (en-ter'-o-sist). An intestinal cyst.

enterocystocele (en-ter-o-sis'-to-sel) [entero-; avaris,
bladder; K17X17, tumor]. Hernia involving the
urinary bladder and the intestine.

enterocystoma (en-ter-o-sist-o'-mah) [entero-; cysto-
ma], A cystic tumor formed by the persistence of a
part of the vitelline duct, opening neither externally
nor into the intestinal canal.

enterocystoscheocele (en-ter-o-sist-os'-ke-o-sel) [en-
tero-; kvo-tis, a bladder; oaxtov, the scrotum; /C17X77,
hernia]. A hernia of the scrotum containing both
intestine and bladder.

enterodialysis (en-ter-o-di-al'-is-is) [entero-; dialy-
sis]. Complete division of an intestine by injury.

enterodynia (en-ter-o-din'-e-ah) [entero-; SSvvri,
pain]. Pain referred to the intestines.

enteroenterostomy (en-ter-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) [en-
tero-; enterostomy]. The surgical formation of a
fistula between two intestinal loops.

enteroepiplocele (en-ter-o-e-pip'-lo-sel). See enter-
epiplocele.

enterogastritis (en-ter-o-gas-tri'-tis) [entero-; gas-
tritis]. Inflammation of the stomach and intestine.

enterogastrocele (en-ter-o-gas'-tro-sel) [entero-; ya<r-
ttip, belly; /C17X77, tumor]. A hernia containing1 the
gastric and intestinal walls; abdominal hernia.

enterogenetic, enterogenous (en-ter-o-jen-et'-ik,
en-ter-oj'-en-us) [entero-; ytwav, to produce]. Ori-
ginating in the intestine.

enterograph (en'-ter-o-graf) [entero-; ypafeiv, to
write]. A myograph arranged for measuring the
movements of the intestine.

enterography (en-ter-og'-ra-fe) [entero-; ypafciv, to
write]. A treatise on or a description of the intes-
tines.

enterohemorrhage (en-ter-o-hem'-or-aj) [entero-;
hemorrhage]. Intestinal hemorrhage.

enterohepatitis (en-ter-o-hep-at-i'-tis) [entero-; hepa-
titis]. Combined inflammation of the intestines and
liver.

ENTEROHYDROCELE

331

ENTOCELE

enterohydrocele (en-ter-o-hi'-dro-sel) [entero-; hy-
drocele]. Hydrocele complicated with intestinal
hernia.

enterokinase (en-ter-o-kin'-ds) [entero-; kluIlu, to
move]. Pawlow's name for an enzyme of the succus
entericus which awakens proteolytic action by
converting trypsinogen into trypsin.

enterokinesia (en-ter-o-kin-e'-se-ah) [entero-; Ktvelu,
to move]. The motor function of the bowels, peri-
stalsis.

enterokinetic (en-ter-o-kin-et'-ik). An agent hav-
ing an action upon the intestinal movements.

enterol (en'-ter-ol). A mixture of cresols used as
an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-75 SX- U-5 Gm.)
of a solution of 0.02 Gm. in 100 Cc. of water, daily.

enterolith (en'-ter-o-lith) [entero-; XWos, a stone].
A concretion formed in the intestine.

enterolithiasis (en-ter-o-lith-i'-as-is) [entero-; lithi-
asis]. The formation of intestinal calculi.

enterologist (en-ter-ol'-o-jist) [entero-; Xoyos, sci-
ence]. One who concerns himself with the study of
the intestines and their disorders.

enterology (en-ter-ol'-o-je) [entero-; Xoyos, science].
The science of the intestinal viscera; the anatomy,
physiology, pathology, and hygiene of the intestines.

enteromalacia {en-ter-o-mal-a' -se-ah) [entero-; na-
Xajcia, softness]. Pathological softening of the bowel-
walls.

enteromenia (en-ter-o-me'-ne-ah) [entero-; niju,
month]. Vicarious menstruation by the bowel.

enteromere (en-ter'-o-mer) [entero-; p-epos, a part].
One of the primitive transverse divisions of the
embryonic alimentary tract.

enteromerocele {en-ter-o-me' -ro-sel) [entero-; p.vp6s,
thigh; K77X7?, hernia]. Femoral hernia involving the
intestine.

enteromesenteric (en-ter-o-mes-en-ter'-ik) [entero- ;
mesentery]. Pertaining to the intestine and the
mesentery, e. fever, typhoid fever.

enterometer {en-ter-om' -et-er) [entero-; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument to measure the lumen of
the small intestine.

enteromphalus (en-ter-om'-fal-us) [entero-; 6p.cj>aXos,
the navel]. An umbilical hernia of intestine.

enteromycosis (en-ter-o-mi-ko'-sis) [entero-; my-
cosis]. Intestinal mycosis.

enteromyiasis {en-ter-o-mi-i' -as-is) [entero-; p.vla,
a fly]. Intestinal disease due to the presence of the
larva? of flies.

enteron (en'-ter-on) [eurepou, intestine: pi., enter a].
1. The intestinal or alimentary canal, exclusive of
these parts that are of ectodermal origin. 2. The
intestine.

enteroncus (en-ler-ong'-kus) [entero-; 67x0s, mass].
A tumor of the bowel.

enteroparalysis (en-ter-o-par-al'-is-is) [entero-; par-
alysis]. Paralysis of the intestine.

enteropathy (en-ter-op'-ath-e) [entero-; irados, dis-
ease]. Anydisease of the intestine.

enteropexia (en-ter-o-peks'-e-ah) [entero-; irhtis,
fixation]. Fixation of a portion of the intestine to
the abdominal wall, for the relief of enteroptosis,
splanchnoptosis, etc.

enteropexy (en-ter-o-peks'-e) . See enteropexia.

enterophthisis (en-ter-off'-lhis-is) [entero-; (pdiais,
wasting]. Intestinal tuberculosis.

enteroplastic (en-ter-o-plas'-tik) [entero-; wXaarucos ,
formed]. Pertaining to enteroplasty.

enteroplasty (en'-ter-o-plas-te) [entero-; irXao-aeiu,
to form]. A plastic operation upon the intestine.

enteroplegia (en-ter-o-ple'-je-ah) [entero-; irX-qyri, a
stroke]. Paralysis of the bowels.

enteroplex (en-ter-o-pleks') [entero-; irXi£eiu, to
interlace]. See enter oplexia.

enteroplexia, enteroplexy {en-ter-o-pleks' -e-ah, en'-
ter-o-pleks-e) [entero-; irXk^eiu, to interlace]. A
method of treatment of wounds of the intestine in
which union of the bowel is obtained by different
means, but particularly by an apparatus, the entero-
plex, without the use of needle and thread. The
enteroplex is formed of two aluminum rings so con-
structed that they will fit the one into the other.
These are inserted into the cut ends of the bowel,
and then the two are pressed together, the intestinal
walls being brought into apposition.

enteroproctia (en-ter-o-prok'-she-ah) [entero-; irpwK-
rbs, anus]. The existence of an artificial anus,
or of an opening into the bowel for fecal discharge.

enteroptosis (en-ter-op-to'-sis) [entero-; vrwais, a
fall]. Prolapse of the intestine. See Stiller's sign.

e., Landau's form of, that due to relaxation of the
abdominal walls and pelvic floor.

entero pyra (en-ter-o-pi'-rah) [entero-; irtip, a fire].
1. Enteritis. 2. Typhoid fever, e. asiatica, cholera.
e. biliosa, bilious fever.

enterorose (en'-ter-or-os). A dietetic recommended
in gastrointestinal catarrh; a yellow powder miscible
with water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Gm.) severa ltimes daily.

enterorrhagia (en-ter-or-aj'-e-ah) [entero-; prjyvvuai,
to burst forth]. Intestinal hemorrhage.

enterorrhaphy (en-ter-or'-a-fe) [entero- ; pa<pri, su-
ture]. Suture of the intestine, e., circular, the
suturing of a completely divided intestine.

enterorrhea (en-ter-or-e'-ah) [entero-; pbia, a flow].
Diarrhea.

enterorrheuma (en-ter-or-ru'-mah) [entero-; pevp.a,
a flowing]. Intestinal rheumatism.

enterorrhexis (en-ter-or-eks'-is) [entero-; pv£is,
rupture]. Rupture of the bowel.

enterosarcocele (en-ter-o-sar'-ko-sel) [entero-; o-dp£,
flesh; /07X77, a hernia]. Intestinal hernia with sarco-
cele.

enterosarcoma (en-ter-o-sar-ko-mah) [entero-; sar-
coma]. Sarcoma of the intestine.

enteroscheocele (en-ter-os' '-ke-o-sel) [entero-; oaxeo",
scrotum; K17X77, hernia]. A scrotal hernia containing
intestine.

enteroscope (en'-ter-o-skop) [entero- ; aKoirelu, to
examine]. An instrument for examining the inside
of the intestine by means of electric light.

enterosepsis (en-ter-o-sep'-sis) [entero-; sepsis].
Intestinal toxemia or sepsis.

enterosis (en-ter-o'-sis) [entero-; uixros, disease: pi.,
enteroses]. Any intestinal disease.

enterospasm (en'-ter-o-spazm) [entero-; o-irao-p6s,
spasm]. Spasmodic colic.

enterostenosis (en-ter-o-ste-no'-sis) [entero-; ar'e-
uwais, contraction]. Stricture or narrowing of the
intestinal canal.

enterostomy (en-ter-os' -to-me) [entero-; o-rbp.a,
mouth]. The formation of an artificial opening into
the intestine through the abdominal wall.

enterotome (en'-ter-o-tom) [entero-; rkpuetu, to
cut]. An instrument for cutting open the intestine.

enterotomy (en-ter-of -o-me) [see enterotome]. In-
cision of the intestine.

enterotoxism (en-ter-o-toks'-izm) [entero-; to^kov,
poison]. A pathological condition due to the action
of microorganisms on food-materials contained in
the intestine.

enterotyphus (en-ter-o-ti'-fus) [entero-; typhus].
Typhoid fever.

enterovaginal (en-ier-o-vaj'-in-al) . Intestino vagi-
nal ; relating to the intestines and the vagina.

enterozoon (en-ter-o-zo'-on) [entero-; S&ov, an
animal; pi., enter ozoa]. An animal parasite of the
intestine.

enteruria (en-ter-u'-re-ah) [entero-; ovpov, urine].
The vicarious occurrence of urinary constituents in
the intestine.

enthelioma (en-the-le-o'-mah) [euros, within; 1\kos
an ulcur; by.a, a tumor]. A comprehensive term
including papilloma and adenoma.

enthelrninth (en-thel'-minth) [£vt6s, within; IX/xtvs,
a worm]. A parasitic intestinal worm.

entheomania {en-the-o-ma' -ne-ah) [evdeos, in-
spired; p.avla, madness]. Mania in which the
patient believes himself to be inspired; religious,
insanity.

enthesis (en'-thes-is) [iv, in; riBkvai, to place].
The employment of non-living material to take- the
place of lost tissue.

enthetic (en-thet'-ik) [ivrtdhai, to put in]. Intro-
duced; coming from without; applied especially to
syphilitic and other specific contagious diseases.
Exogenous.

enthlasis (en'-thla-sis) [evd\av, to indent]. A
depressed, comminuted fracture of the skull.

entiris (en-ti'-ris) [euros, within; iris]. The
uvea of the iris, forming its inner and pigmentary
layer.

ento- (en-to-) [euros, within]. A prefix denoting
within, inside, inner, internal.

entoblast (en'-to-blast) [ento-; pXaaros, a bud,
germ]. The nucleolus or germinal spot. Endoblast.

entoccipital (ent-ok-sip'-it-al) [ento-; occiput].
Situated entad of the occipital gyrus or fissure.

entocele (en'-to-sel) [ento-; /C17A7/, hernia]. In-
ternal hernia (as through the diaphragm); ectopia;
morbid displacement of an internal organ.

ENTOCELIAC

332

ENZYME

entoceliac, entocelian (en-to-se'-le-ak, en-to-se'-
le-an) [ento-; KoiKia, hollow]. Situated within a
brain-cavity or ventricle.

entocelic, entocoelic (en-to-se'-lik) [ento-; /coiXia,
a cavity]. Within the intestine.

entocentral (en-lo-sen'-tral) [ento-; center]. Near
the center and on the inner aspect.

entochoroidea, entochorioidea (en-to-ko-roi'-de-ah,
-ko-re-oi-de'-ah) [ento-; choroid]. The inner lining
of the choroid membrane of the eye, made up
mainly of capillaries.

entocinerea (en-to-sin-e' '-re-ah) [ento-; cinereus,
ashy]. The gray brain-substance surrounding the
cavities of the brain and spinal cord.

entocondylar (en-to-kon' -dil-ar) [entocondyle] . Per-
taining to an inner condyle.

entocondyle (en-to-kon' -dll) [ento-; condyle]. An
inner condyle, as of the humerus of the femur.

entoconid (en-to-ko'-nid) [ento-; kwvos, cone].
The inner and posterior cusp of a lower molar tooth.

entocornea (en-to-kor'-ne-ah) [ento-; cornea]. That
part of Descemet's membrane that lines and adheres
to the inner surface of the cornea.

entocranial (en-to-kra' -ne-al) . See intracranial.

entocuneiform (en-to-ku-ne' -if-orm) [ento-; cunei-
form]. The inner cuneiform bone of the foot.

entocyte (en'-to-sit) [ento-; kvtos, cell]. The
contents of a cell, inlcuding nucleus, nucleolus,
granulations, etc.

entoderm (en'-to-derm) [ento-; 8kpp.a, skin]. The
simple cell-layer lining the cavity of the primitive
intestine; the hypoblast. Endoderm.

entoectad (en-to-ek'-tad) [ento-; Iktos, external;
ad, to]. From within outward.

entogastric (en-to-gas'-trik) [ento-; yaarrip,
stomach]. Relating to the interior of the stomach.

entogenous (en-toj'-en-us). See endogenous.

entoglossal (en-to- glos'-al) [ento-; y^waaa, tongue].
Situated within the tongue.

entogluteus (en-to-glu-te'-us) [ento-; gluteus]. The
gluteus minimus muscle. See muscles, table of.

entohyal (en-to-hi'-al). Hyoid and on the inner
aspect.

entohyaloid (en-to-hi'-al-oid) [ento-; hyaloid]. Lo-
cated within the vitreous body.

entomarginal (en-to-mar'-jin-al) . Near the margin
and internal.

entome (en' -torn) [iv, in; royA\, cut]. A knife for
dividing a urethral stricture.

entomere (en'-to-mer) [ento-; p.kpos, a part]. In
embryology, one of the cells forming the center of
the mass of blastomeres in the developing mammalian
ovum, the outer blastomeres being called ectomeres.

entomiasis (en-to-mi'-a-sis) [evropov, an insect].
Any pathological condition due to infestation with
insects.

entomion (en-to' -me-on) [ivropA], notch]. The
point where the parietal notch of the temporal bone
receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle
of the parietal.

entomography (en-to-mog'-ra-fe) [Zvtohov, an in-
sect; ypa<t>eiv, to write]. A treatise on insects.

entomology (en-to-mol'-o-je) [ivropov, insect;
X670S, science]. That department of zoology devoted
to the description of insects. >

entonia (en-to' -ne-ah) [ivrovla, tension]. Rigidity
or tension of a voluntary muscle; tonic spasm.

entonic (en-ton'-ik) [entonia]. Characterized by
entonia, or by violent tonic spasm.

entoparasite (en-to-par'-as-lt) [ento-; parasite].
An internal parasite; an entozoan or entophyte.

entopectoralis (en-to-pek-tor-a'-lis) [ento-; pector-
alis]. The pectoralis minor muscle. See muscles,
table of.

entoperipheral (en-to-per-if'-er-al) [ento-; peri-
pheral]. Originating or situated within, and not
upon the periphery.

entophthalmia (en-toff -thai' -me-ah) [ento-; ophthal-
mia]. Inflammation of the internal parts of the eyeball.

entophyte (en' -to-fit) [ento-; <pvr6v, a plant]. A
vegetable parasite living within the body of its
host, as, e. g., a bacterium.

entoplasm (en'-to-plazm). See endoplasm.

entoplastic (en-to-plas'-tik) [ento-; within; vXaaireiv,
to form]. Same as endoplastic.

entopterygoid (en-to-ter'-e-goid) [ento-; vrkpvt, a
wing; eI5os, resemblance]. 1. Like a wing and
situated entad. 2. Owen's name for the pterygoid
process of the sphenoid. 3. E. Coues' name for the
internal pterygoid muscle.

entoptic (ent-op'-tik) [ento-; otttikos, pertaining
to vision]. Pertaining to the internal parts of the
eye. e. phenomena, visual sensations generated
within the eye.

entoptoscopic (en-top-to-skop'-ik). Relating to
entoptoscopy.

entoptoscopy (en-top-tos'-ko-pe) [ento-; &$, eye;
ffKowelv, to inspect]. The investigation or observa-
tional study of the anterior of the eye, or of the
shadows within the eye.

entorbital (ent-orb'-it-al). Located on the inner
part of the orbital lobe or entad of its orbital fissure.

entoretina (en-to-ret'-in-ah) [ento-; retina]. The
innermost layer of the retina, itself composed of
five layers, and an inner limiting membrane.

entorrhagia (en-tor-a'-je-ah) [ento-; pnyvvvai, to
burst forth]. Internal hemorrhage.

entosarc (en'-to-sark). See endosarc.

entosphenoid (en-to-sfen'-oid) [ento-; sphenoid].
Sphenoid and internal.

entosthoblast (en-tos'-tho-blast) [evroade, from
within; /3\a<rr6s, germ]. The supposed nucleus of a
nucleolus.

entostosis, entosteosis (en-tos-to'-sis, -tos-te-o'-sis)
[ento-; barkcv, bone]. An osseous growth within a
medullary cavity.

entosylvian (en-to-sil'-ve-an). Within the Sylvian
fissure.

entothalamus (en-to-thaV '-am-us) [ento-; thalamus],
Spitzka's name for the inner gray thalamic zone.

entotic (ent-o'-tik) [ento-; o5$, ear]. Pertaining to
the internal parts of the ear.

entotorrhea (ent-o-tor-e'-ah) [ento-; otorrhea]. In-
ternal otorrhea.

entotrochanter (en-to-tro-kan'-ter) [ento-; trochan-
ter]. The lesser trochanter.

entotympanic (en-to-tim-pan'-ik) [ento-; tympanum].
Located within the tympanum.

entozoal (en-to-zo'-al) [ento-; %cbov, an animal].
Caused by or dependent upon entozoa.

entozoon (en-to-zo'-on) [ento-; £<j>ov, an animal;
pi., entozoa]. An animal parasite living within
another animal.

entrails (en'-trels). The bowels and abdominal
viscera.

entropia (en-tro'-pe-ah) [see entropion], A turning
inward.

entropion (en-tro'-pe-on) [iv, in; rpkireiv, to turn].
Inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against
the globe of the eye. e. musculare, that due to
contraction of the ciliary part of the orbicular
muscle resulting from senile atony, e., organic,
that due to contraction of the lid resulting from
cicatricial contraction of the conjunctiva or to diph-
theritic conjunctivitis, e. spasmodicum, e., spastic,
e. spasticum. See e. musculare.

entropionize (en-tro'-pe-on-iz). To turn inward.

entropium (en-tro'-pe-um). See entropion.

entropy (en'-tro-pe) [ivrpkireiv, to turn about].
That part of the activity or energy of a body which
cannot be converted into mechanical work.

entyposis (en-ti-po'-sis). The glenoid fossa of the
scapula.

enucleation (e-nu-kle-a' -shun) [e, out of; nucleus,
a kernel]. The shelling-out of a tumor or organ
from its capsule. The excision of the eyeball.

enucleator (e-nu'-kle-a-tor) [e, out of; nucleus, a
kernel]. An instrument used in performing enucle-
ation.

enula (en'-u-lah) [L.]. The inner aspect of the
gums.

enule (en'-ul). Trade name applied to supposi-
tories, medicated bougies, etc.

enuresis (en-u-re'-sis) [ivovpeiv, to be incontinent
of urine]. The involuntary emptying of the bladder,
e., nocturnal, that occurring at night during sleep.

envenomation (en-ven-o-ma'-shun) [iv,' in; venom].
The introduction and action of snake-venom.

environment (en-vi'-ron-ment) [Fr. environner, to
surround]. The totality of influences acting upon
the organism from without.

enzootic (en-zo-ot'-ik) [iv, in, ' or among; £$ov,
animal]. Affecting beasts in a certain district; as an
enzootic disease.

enzooty (en-zo'-o-te) [iv, in, among; f4>°»'» &n
animal]. An enzootic disease.

enzyme, enzym (en'-zim) [iv, in; {vm, leaven].

1. Any ferment formed within the living organism.

2. A chemical ferment, as distinguished from organized
ferments, such as the yeasts.

ENZYMIC

333

EPICRANIUS

enzymic (en-zi'-mik) [ev, in; {buy, leaven]. The
nature of the action of an enzyme.

enzymol (en' -zi-mol) . A proprietary artificial
gastric juice prepared from the glands of the stomach;
it is used as a solvent and antiseptic, especially in
the external treatment of diseases of the ear and
nose.

enzymosis (en-zi-mo'-sis) [ev, in; f 17177, leaven].
The action of an enzyme.

enzymotic (en-zi-mot'-ik) [ev, in; £vtiv, leaven].
Pertaining to enzymes.

enzymuria (en-zi-mu'-re-ah) [enzyme; ovpov, urine].
The presence of enzymes in the urine when voided.

eolipyle, aeolipyle (e-ol'-e-pil) [ai6\os, windy; irvXrj,
a narrow passage]. A form of spirit-lamp used to
heat cautery -irons.

eosin (e'-o-sin) [y&s, the dawn], C^HsBnOo.
Tetrabromfiuorescein; an acid dye produced by the
action of bromine on fluorescein suspended in glacial
acetic acid. It occurs in red or yellowish crystals,
and is used as a stain in histology.

eosinophil, eosinophilous (e-o-sin'-o-fil, e-o-sin-
off'-il-us) [eosin; tpCKelv, to love]. Applied to
microbes or histological elements showing a peculiar
affinity for eosin stain or for acid stains in general.

eosinophilia (e-o-sin-o-fil'-e-ah) [see eosinophil}.
i. An increase above the normal standard in the
number of eosinophils in the circulating blood.
2. The condition of microbes or histological elements
which readily absorb and become stained by eosin.

eosote (e'-o-sot). The commercial name of creo-
sote valerate.

epactal (e-pak'-tal) [iiraKrds, brought in]. Inter-
calated; supernumerary, e. bones, Wormian bones.
e. cartilages. See cartilage.

eparsalgia (ep-ars-al'-je-ah) [eiraipeiv, to lift;
akyos, pain]. Any disorder due to overstrain of a
part.

eparterial (ep-ar-te'-re-al) [ewl, upon; apT-qpia,
artery]. Situated above an artery.

epauxesiectomy (ep-awk-se-zi-ek' -to-me) [ewa.v£ri<ris,
increase; octo/xt), a cutting out]. Excision of a
growth.

epaxial (ep-aks'-e-aT) [epi-; axis]. Situated or
extending over an axis.

epencephal (ep-en' -sef-at) . See epencephalon.

epencephalic (ep-en-sef-al'-ik). Pertaining to the
epencephalon.

epencephalon (ep-en-sef -al-on) [kwl, upon; ence-
phalon]. The after-brain or hind-brain; the cere-
bellum and pons taken together; or the cerebellum,
pons and medulla.

ependyma (ep-en' -dim-ah) [eirevSvfia, an upper
garment]. The lining membrane of the cerebral
ventricles and of the central canal of the spinal
cord.

ependymal (e-pen'-dim-al). Pertaining to the
ependyma.

ependymitis (ep-en-dim-i'-tis) [ependyma; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the ependyma.

ependymoma (ep-en-de-mo'-mah) [ependyma; 6/ia,
tumor]. Tumor of the lining membrane of the
ventricles of the brain or of the central canal of the
spinal cord.

ephebic (ef-e'-bik) [efaPcicos, belonging to puberty].
Pertaining to youth, adolescence, or puberty.

ephebology (ef-e-bol'-o-je) [&£7?/3os, youth; X070S,
science]. The science of youth, adolescence, and
puberty.

Ephedra (ef'-e-drah) [eirl, upon; eSpa, a seat].
A genus of plants of the Gnetacece. E. anti syphilitica
has been used in gonorrhea. Dose of the fluidextract
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). E. nevadensis is used as an
alterative and antigonorrheic. Dose of fluidextract
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). E. vulgaris contains the alkaloid
ephedrine, which is mydriatic.

ephedrine (ef'-e-dren) [ephedra]. An alkaloid,
C10H15XO, from Ephedra vulgaris; it is a cardiac
depressant and harmless mydriatic, e., pseudo-.
See pseudoephedrine.

ephelis (ef-e'-lis) [iiri, upon; 77X1.05, the sun:
pi., ephelides], A freckle.

ephemeral (ef-em'-er-al) [kti-hnepos, living a day].
Temporary. Applied to fevers that are of short
duration.

ephialtes (ef-e-al'-lez) [epi-; iaWelv, to leap]. See
nightmare.

ephidrosis (ef-id-ro'-sis) [#*{, upon; ISpuais,
sweating]. Excessive perspiration. See hyperidrosis.
e. cruenta, bloody sweat.

ephippium (ef-ip'-e-um) [epi-; tim-os, horse: pi.,
ephippia]. Same as sella turcica.

epi- [iiri, upon]. A prefix signifying upon.

epiblast (ep'-e-blast) [epi-; /3Xao-r6s, a germ]. The
external or upper layer of the blastoderm; called
also the ectoderm, from which are developed the
central nervous system and the epithelium of the
sense-organs, the mucous membranes of the mouth
and anus, the enamel of the teeth, the epidermis and
its derivatives (hair, nails, glands, etc.).

epiblastic (ep-e-blast'-ik). Pertaining to or derived
from the epiblast.

epiblepharon (ep-e-blef'-ar-on). See epicanthus.

epibole, epiboly (ep-ib'-ol-e) [epi-; &6.Wet.v, to
throw]. The inclosure of the large yolk-mass of an in-
vertebrate ovum by the overgrowth of cleavage-cells.

epibolic (ep-ib-ol'-ic) [epibole]. Pertaining to
epiboly.

epibulbar (ep-e-buV -bar) [epi-; bulb]. Situated
upon the globe of the eye; as an epibulbar tumor.

epicanthus (ep-e-kan' -thus) [epi-; Kavdos, angle
of the eye]. A fold of skin over the inner canthus
of the eye.

epicardium (ep-e-kar'-de-um) [epi-; icapdLa, heart].
The visceral layer of the pericardium.

epicarin (ep-e-kar'-in). A condensation-product of
cresolinic acid and betanaphthol, occurring as an
odorless, tasteless, clear, yellowish-gray powder,
easily soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone; insoluble in
oil. It is used in scabies in 10 % salve.

epicarp (ep'-e-karp) [epi-; nap-tos, fruit]. In
biology, the outer skin of a fruit.

epicele, epicoele (ep'-e-sel) [epi-; Koikla, belly].
The fourth ventricle.

epicerebral (ep-e-ser-e'-bral) [epi-; cerebrum, the
brain]. Situated over or on the cerebrum; as the
epicerebral space between the brain and the pia.

epichordal (ep-e-kord'-al) [epi-; xopSv, a cord].
Located above or dorsad of the notochord; applied
especially to cerebral structures.

epichorial (ep-e-ko'-re-al). Relating to the epi-
chorion; located on the chorion or on the derma.

epichorion (ep-e-ko'-re-on) [epi-; chorion], 1. The
decidua reflexa. 2. The epidermis.

epichlorhydrin (ep-e-klor-hi' -drin) , C3H5CIO. A
sweet liquid with odor of chloroform, obtained
from dichloro propyl alcohol by action of gaseous
hvdrochloric acid. It is miscible in alcohol and ether,
boils at ii8°-iiq° C. Sp. gr. 1.203 at o° C.

epichrosis (ep-e-kro'-sis) [eirLxpucns, a spot]. A
discoloration of the skin. e. alphosis, albinism.
e. aurigo, a yellow discoloration of the skin, as in
icterus, e. ephelis, e. lenticula, pigmentation of the
skin from exposure to the sun. e. leucasmus, e.
poecilia, vitiligo, e. spilus. See ncevus pigmentosus
under nevus.

epicoelia (ep-e-se'-le-ah). See epicele.

epicolic (ep-e-kol'-ik) [epi-; colon]. Lying over
the colon.

epicoma, epicomus, epicome (e-pik-o'-mah, e-pik-
o'-mus, e-pik'-o-me) [epi-; noiiy, hair]. A parasitic
monstrosity having an accessory head united to the
principal fetus by the summit.

epicondylalgia (ep-e-kon-dil-al'-je-ah) [epicondyle;
0X705, pain]. Pain in the muscular mass about the
elbow-joint, following fatiguing work.

epicondylar (ep-e-kon-dil-ar) . Relating to an epi-
condyle.

epicondyle (ep-e-kon'-dil) [epi-; k6v8v\os, a
knuckle]. An eminence upon a bone above its
condyle.

epicondylus (ep-e-kon'-dil-us). See epicondyle.
e. extensorius, the external condyle of the humerus.
e. lateralis, the external condyle of the humerus, or
the outer tuberosity of the femur, e. medialis,
the internal condyle of the humerus, or the inner
tuberosity of the femur, e. flexorius, the internal
condyle of the humerus.

epicophosis (ep-e-ko-fo'-sis) [epi-; Koxfruo-is, deaf-
ness]. Deafness dependent upon some disease.

epicoracoid (ep-e-kor'-ak-oid) [epi-; coracoid].
Located upon or over the coracoid process.

epicostal (ep-e-kos'-tal) [epi-; costa, a rib]. Situ-
ated upon the ribs.

epicranial (ep-e-kra'-ne-al). Relating to the epi-
cranium.

epicranium (ep-e-kra'-ne-um) [epi-; cranium].
The structures covering the cranium.

epicranius (ep-e-kra'-ne-us). The occipitofrontalis
muscle.

EPICRISIS

334

EPILEMMA

epicrisis (ep-e-kri'-sis) [ewUpio-is, determination].
The disease-phenomena succeeding crisis.

epicritic {ep-e-krit'-ik) [iirUpivav, to give judg-
ment upon]. Pertaining to sensory nerve fibers
which enable one to appreciate very fine distinctions
of temperature and touch. These fibers are found
in the skin only.

epicrusis (ep-e-kru'-sis) [epi-; Kpovots, stroke],
i. Massage by strokes or blows; percussion; thera-
peutic scourging.

epicyesis (ep-e-si-e'-sis) [epi-; nveiv, to be preg-
nant]. Superfetation.

epicystic (ep-e-sis'-tik) [epi-; kvotvs, bladder].
Suprapubic; situated above the urinary bladder.

epicystitis (ep-e-sis-ti'-tis) [epi-; kvo-tis, bladder;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues
above the bladder.

epicystotomy (ep-e-sis-tot'-o-me) [epi-; kvo-tis, a
bladder; Tkpvtiv, to cut]. Suprapubic incision of
the bladder.

epicyte (ep'-e-sit) [epi-; kvtos, cell], i. The cell-
wall. 2. A cell of epithelial tissue.

epicytoma (ep-e-si-to'-mah) [epicyte; 6pa, tumor].
Malignant epithelioma.

epidemic (ep-e-dem'-ik) [epi-; dfjixos, people].
Of a disease, affecting large numbers, or spreading
over a wide area.

epidemicity (ep-e-dem-is' '-it-e) . The quality of
being epidemic.

epidemiography (ep-e-dem-e-og'-ra-fe) [epidemic ;
ypa<f>eiv, to write]. A description of epidemic
diseases.

epidemiologic (ep-e-detn-e-o-loj'-ik). Relating to
epidemiology.

epidemiologist (ep-e-dem-e-oV -o-jist) . One who
has made a special study of epidemics.

epidemiology (ep-e-dem-e-ol'-o-je) [epidemic; \6yos,
science]. The science of epidemic diseases.

epiderm (ep'-e-derm). See epidermis.

epiderma (ep-e-der'-mah) [epidermis; pi., epider-
mata]. Any abnormal outgrowth from the epider-
mis.

epidermal (ep-e-der'-mal) [epidermis], i. Relating
to or composed of epiderm. 2. Trade name of
scarlet red. e.-method, the application of medicinal
substance to the skin.

epidermatic (ep-e-der-mat'-ik). See epidermic.

epidermatoid (ep-e-der'-mat-oid) [epidermis; etSos,
likeness]. Resembling the epidermis.

epidermic (ep-e-der'-mik) [epidermis]. Relating
to the epidermis, e. method, a method of adminis-
tering medicinal substances by applying them to the
skin.

epidermidalization (ep-e-derm-id-al-i-za'-shun) [epi-
dermis]. The conversion of columnar into stratified
epithelium.

epidermidolysis (ep-e-derm-id-oV -is-is). See epi-
dermolysis.

epidermidomycosis (ep-e-der-mid-o-mi-ko'-sis) [epi-
dermis; p.vKri%, fungus]. A disease due to the growth
of parasitic fungi upon the skin.

epidermidophyton (ep-e-derm-id-o-fi' -ton) [epider-
mis; fpvrov, a plant]. A fungus found in psoriasis.

epidermidosis (ep-e-derm-id-o'-sis) [epidermis]. A
collective name for anomalous growths of the skin of
epithelial origin and type.

epidermin (ep-e-der'-min). A proprietary base for
ointments.

epidermis (ep-e-der'-mis) [inl, upon; 8eppa, skin].
The outer layer of the skin. The scarf-skin, con-
sisting of a layer of horny cells that protects the
true skin.

epidermization (ep-e-der-miz-a'-shun). 1. The
formation of epiderm. 2. Skin-grafting.

epidermoid (ep-id-er'-moid) [epidermis; eldos,
like]. 1. Resembling epidermis. 2. A tumor formed
of epidermal cells.

epidermolysis (ep-e-der-moV -is-is) [epidermis]. A
rare skin disease in which bulls form on the slightest
pressure. It shows itself in infancy and is most
pronounced in summer.

epidermophyton (ep-e-durm-o-fl' -ton) . See epi-
dermidophyton.

epidiascope (ep-e-di'-ah-skop) [epi-; 8La, through;
onoirtiv, to look]. A magic lantern arranged for
ordinary lantern slides, and also for opaque objects;
a combined magic lantern and episcope.

epididymal, epididymic (ep-e-did'-em-al, -im'-ik).
Relating to the epididymis.

epididymectomy (ep-e-did-im-ek'-tom-e) [epididy-

mis; iKTop.r], a cutting out]. Excision of the epi-
didymis.

epididymis (ep-e-did'-im-is) [iirl, upon; 5L8vpos,
the testes: pi., epididymides]. The small body lying
above the testis; the superior end is the globus major;
the inferior, the globus minor.

epididymitis (ep-e-did-im-i'-tis) [epididymis; irts,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the epididymis.

epididymo-orchitis (ep-e-did-im-o-or-ki'-tis). Epi-
didymitis combined with orchitis.

epididymotomy {ep-e-did-im-ot'-o-me). [epididy-
mis; rop.il, a cutting]. Incision of the epididymis.

epididymovasostomy (ep-e-did-im-o-vas-os'-to-me)
[epididymis; vas; oropa, mouth]. The formation
of a lateral anastomosis between the vas and the
epididymis; or the vas may be divided, its end split,
and the split end sewn into the epididymis. Per-
formed in cases of sterility.

epidosis (e-pid'-o-sis) [iwlSoois]. Enlargement;
increase; exacerbation.

epidrome (e-pe-drom) [eiriSpoprj, a running
upon]. Active, or (more often) passive, congestion.

epidural (ep-e-du'-ral) [epi-; durus, hard]. Situ-
ated upon or over the dura. e. space, the space
outside the dura mater of the spinal cord and brain.

epifolliculitis (ep-e-fol-ik-u-li'-tis). Inflammation
seated about the hair-follicles of the scalp.

Epigaea (ep-e-je'-ah) [tin, upon; yala, earth].
A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E. repens,
trailing arbutus of North America, has diuretic
properties.

epigaster (ep-e-gas' -ter) [epigastrium]. The large
intestine; hindgut.

epigastralgia (ep-e-gas-traV -je-ah) [epigastrium ;
aXyos, pain]. Pain in the epigastrium.

epigastric (ep-e-gas' -trik) [epigastrium]. Relating
to the epigastrium, e. reflex. See under reflex.

epigastriocele, epigastrocele (ep-e-gas' -tre-o-sel,
ep-e-gas' -tro-sel) [epigastrium; K17XJ7, a hernia]. A
hernia in the epigastrium.

epigastrium (ep-e-gas' '-tre-um) [epi-; yao-T-qp, sto-
mach]. The upper and middle part of the abdominal
surface corresponding to the position of the stomach;
the epigastric region. See abdomen.

epigastrius (ep-e-gas' -tre-us) [epi-; yaorrip, the
stomach]. A form of double-monstrosity, in which
one fetus in an undeveloped condition is contained
within the epigastric region of the other.

epigastrocele (ep-e-gas' -tro-sel) [epigastrium; kti^tj,
hernia]. Hernia in the epigastric region.

epigenesis (ep-e-jen'-es-is) [epi-; yevearis, genera-
tion]. In biology, the theory that holds the embryo
to be the result of the union of the male and female
elements, and the fully formed organism the result
of a gradual process of differentiation, in distinction
to the theory of encasement, preformation, or
evolution, which held the embryo to preexist enfolded
in a minute form within the germ.

epigenetic (ep-e-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to epi-
genesis.

epiglottic (ep-e-glot'-ik) [epiglottis]. Relating to
the epiglottis.

epiglottidean (ep-e-glot-id'-e-an) . See epiglottic.

epiglottidectomy (ep-e-glot-id-ek'-to-me) [epiglottis;
iKTop.fi, excision]. Excision of the epiglottis.

epiglottiditis (ep-e-glot-id-i'-tis) [epiglottis; itls,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the epiglottis.

epiglottis (ep-e-glot'-is) [epi-; y\o>TTis, glottis].
A fibrocartilaginous structure that aids in preventing
food and drink from passing into the larynx.

epiglottitis (ep-e-glot-i'-tis). See epiglottiditis.

epignathus (ep-ig'-na-thus) [epi-; yvados, jaw].
A monstrosity in which the rudimentary organs of a
twin are united to the superior maxillary bone.

epiguanin (ep-e-gwan'-in), C10H13N9O3. A xanthin
base sometimes found in the urine; it is similar to
guanin in solubilities.

epihyal bone (ep-e-hi'-al) [epi-; hyoid]. The
stylohyoid ligament when it is ossified.

epilating forceps. Forceps for plucking out
hairs.

epilation (ep-il-a'-shun) [e, out of; pilus, a hair].
The extraction of hair.

epilatorium (e-pil-at-o'-re-um) [L.]. An applica-
tion for permanently removing hair.

epilatory (ep'-il-at-o-re). Removing hair; a remedy
for removing hair.

epilemma (ep-e-lem'-ah) [epi-; \eppa, husk: pi.,
epilemmata]. The neurilemma of very small branches
or funiculi of nerve-filaments.

EPILEPIDOMA

335

EPIPLOSARCOMPHALOCELE

epilepidoma (ep-e-lep-id-o'-mah). See under lepi-
doma.

epilepsia (ep-e-lep'-se-ah). See epilepsy, e. gravis.
See grand mal. e. larvata. See epilepsy, masked, e.
mitis. See petit mal. e. sanatoria. Synonym of
chorea, e. vertiginosa, petit mal, q. v.

epilepsy (ep'-il-ep-se) [iirL\T)\J/is, a laying hold of].
A chronic nervous affection characterized by sudden
loss of consciousness, with general tonic and clonic
convulsions, the paroxysms lasting but a short time.
An epileptic seizure is often preceded by a peculiar
sensation, or aura, and as the patient falls he some-
times makes an outcry — the epileptic cry. Syn.,
grand mal. See petit mal. e., cardiac, paroxysmal
tachycardia, e., cortical, e., focal, e., Jacksonian,
spasmodic contractions in certain groups of muscles,
with retention of consciousness, due to local disease
of the cortex, e., cursive, a form in which the attack
is characterized by running, e., idiopathic, typical
epilepsy, e., latent, a form due to some local
irritation, generally in the stomach, which ceases on
removal of the irritation, but is liable to recur upon
any indulgence, e., masked, in this, involuntary
actions, often violent, replace the convulsion. Syn.,
epilepsia larvata. e., motorial, Jacksonian epilepsy.
e., myoclonus, the occurrence of myoclonus and
epilepsy in the same patient, the so-called association-
disease, e., nocturnal, epilepsy in which the attack
occurs during sleep, e., procursive, a form in which
the patient runs rapidly forward before falling.
e., reflex, due to some reflex neurosis, e., spinal,
paroxysms of clonic spasm in the lower extremities
sometimes observed in the course of spastic para-
plegia, e., toxemic, due to poisonous substances in
the blood, e., vasomotor, that in which extreme
contraction of the arteries precedes the attacks.

epileptic (ep-il-ep'-tik). i. Pertaining to or like
epilepsy. 2. One affected with epilepsy, e. aura,
e. cry. See under epilepsy, e. dementia, the
dementia which is frequently the terminal stage of
epilepsy, e. equivalents, transient psychic disturb-
ances replacing the typical convulsions, e. mania,
mania following or taking the place of the fit.

epileptiform (ep-il-ep'-tif-orm) [epilepsy; forma,
form]. Resembling an epileptic attack.

epueptisant (ep-il-ep'-tiz-ant). 1. Producing epi-
leptoid convulsions. 2. A drug which produces
epileptoid convulsions: e. g , absinthe.

epileptogenic (ep-il-ep-io-jen'-ik). See epilepto-
genous.

epileptogenous (ep-il-ep-toj'-en-us) [epilepsy; yewav,
to produce]. Producing epilepsy.

epileptoid (ep-il-ep'-toid) [epilepsy; elSos, likeness].
1. Resembling epilepsy. 2. A person subject to
various nervous attacks of the general nature of
epilepsy.

epilose {ep'-il-os) [e, priv.; pilosus, hairy]. With-
out hair; bald.

epilymph (ep'-e-limf) [epi-; lymph]. The fluid
between the bony and the membranous labyrinths.

epimandibular (ep-e-man-dib'-u-lar) [epi-; mandi-
bulum, jaw]. Upon or above the lower jaw.

epimysium (ep-e-miz'-e-um) [epi-; nvs, a muscle].
The sheath of areolar tissue surrounding a muscle.

epinasty (ep'-e-nas-te) [epi-; vaorbs, pressed close].
In biology, curvature produced by excessive growth
on the upper side of an extended organ.

epinephelos, epinephelus (ep-e-nef'-el-os, -us) [epi-;
ve<t>e\r], a cloud]. Cloudy, turbid.

epinephral (ep-e-nef'-ral) [epi-; v&f>p6s, kidney].
Suprarenal.

epinephrin (ep-e-nef-rin) [epi-; vt*t>p6s, kidney],
C17H15XO4. The active principle of the suprarenal
capsule, e. hydrate, adrin.

epinephritis (ep-e-nef-ri'-tis) [epi-; v&t>pbs, kidney;
itis]. Inflammation of a supra-renal capsule.

epinephroma (ep-e-nef-ro'-mah). Same as hyper-
nephroma. See Gra'ucitzs tumor.

epinephros (ep-e-nef'-ros) [epi-; ve<ppfc, kidney].
The suprarenal gland.

epineural (ep-e-nu'-ral) [epi-; vevpov, a nerve].
In biology, applied to structures attached to a
neural arch.

epineurial (ep-e-nii'-re-al). Relating to the epi-
neurium.

epineurium {ep-e-nii' -re-um) [epi-; vtvpo v, a nerve].
The connective-tissue sheath of a nerve-trunk.

epinine (ep'-in-en). Trade name applied to 3 : 4-
dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamine, a synthetic drug
used as a vasoconstrictor.

epinosic (ep-e-no'-sik) [epi-; vbaos, disease]. Un- ■
healthy, sickly.

epionychium {ep-e-o-nik' -e-um) . See eponychium.

epiotic (ep-e-ot'-ik) [epi-; ous, ear]. Situated
above or on the cartilage of the ear.

epiparasite (ep-e-par'-a-sit). See epizoon.

epipastic (ep-e-pas'-tik) [kirurao-aeiv, to sprinkle].
Having the qualities of a dusting-powder.

epipedometer (ep-e-pe-dom'-et-er) [eiriwedov, sur-
face; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument for use in
measuring various complex deformities of the body.

epiperipheral (ep-e-per-if'-er-al) [epi-; periphery].
Exterior; at the periphery.

epipharyngeal (ep-e-far-in'-je-al) [epi-; pharynx],
1. Located upon or above the pharynx. 2. Per-
taining to the nasopharynx.

epipharynx {ep-e-far' -inks) [epi-; pharynx]. 1. In
biology, the median projection on the internal
surface of the upper lip of an insect. 2. The naso-
pharynx.

epiphenomenon (ep-e-fe-nom'-en-on) [epi-; <j>ai-
vb\i.&>ov, phenomenon]. An exceptional sequence or
unusual complication arising in the course of a
disease.

epiphora (ep-if-or-ah) [epi-; <f>kpeiv, to bear]. A
persistent overflow of tears, due to excessive secretion
or to impeded outflow.

epiphyseal, epiphysial (ep-e-fiz'-e-al) [epiphysis].
Relating to or Of the nature of an epiphysis, e.
plate. See disc, epiphyseal.

epiphyseitis (ep-e-fiz-e-i'-tis) [epiphysis; vrts, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of an epiphysis.

epiphyseolysis (ep-e-fiz-e^ol'-is-is) [epiphysis; Xwm,
a loosing]. The separation of an epiphysis.

epiphysis (ep-if'-is-is) [epi-; cj>ve<rdai, to grow].
A process of bone attached for a time to another
bone by cartilage, but in most cases soon becoming
consolidated with the principal bone. e. cerebri,
the pineal gland.

epiphysitis (ep-if-is-i'-tis). See epiphyseitis.

epiphyte (ep'-e-fit) [epi-; <j>vr6v, a plant]. A
vegetable parasite growing on the exterior of the
body.

epipial (ep-e-pi'-al) [epi-; pia]. Upon or above
the pia mater.

epiplasm (ep'-e-plazm) [epi-; plasma]. In the
sporangium of many fungi, a part of the protoplasm
remaining after formation of the spores.

epiplerosis (ep-e-ple-ro'-sis) [epi-; ir>>.r]pw<ns, filling].
Engorgement; repletion; distention.

epipleural (ep-e-plu'-ral) [epi-; pleura]. 1. Relating
to a pleurapophysis. 2. Located on the side of the
thorax.

epiplexus (ep-e-pleks'-us) [epi-; plexus, a network].
The choroid plexus of the epicele.

epiplocele (ep-ip'-lo-sel) [epiploon; K17X77, hernia].
A hernia containing omentum.

epiploenterocele (e-pip-lo-en'-ter-o-sel) [epiploon ;
evrepov, intestine; 107X77, hernia]. A hernia contain-
ing both omentum and intestine.

epiploenterooscheocele (ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o-os'-ke-o-
sel) [epiploon; kvrkpov, intestine; 6<rx«>v< scrotum;
K17X77, hernia]. Intestinal and omental hernia into
the scrotum.

epiploic (ep-ip-lo'-ik) [epiploon]. Relating or
belonging to the omentum, e. appendages, small
pouches of peritoneum filled with fat, found on the
colon.

epiploischiocele (ep-ip-lo-is'-ke-o-sel) [epiploon ;
itrxiov, hip; (07X17, hernia]. Omental hernia through
the sciatic notch or foramen.

epiploitis (e-pip-lo-i' -lis) [epiploon; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the omentum; omental
peritonitis.

epiplomerocele (ep-ip-lo-mer'-o-sel) [epiploon; p.-q-
pos, thigh; K17X77, hernia]. Femoral hernia con-
taining omentum.

epiplomphalocele (ep-ip-lom-fal'-o-sel) [epiploon;
6pxj>a\os, navel; ^17X77, hernia]. Umbilical hernia
withprotruding omentum.

epiploon (ep-ip'-lo-on) [kirlir\oov, from kirl, upon;
TrXetJ', to float]. The omentum.

epiplopexy (ep-ip'-lo-peks-e) [epiploon; -n-fi^is, a
fixing in]. Talma's operation of suturing the
great omentum to the anterior abdominal wall for
the purpose of establishing a collateral venous circu-
lation in cirrhosis of the liver.

epiplorrhaphy (e-pip-lor'-af-e) [epiploon; pa<t>ri,
suture]. Same as epiplopexy.

epiplosarcomphalocele {ep-ip-lo-sar-kom-fal'-o-sel)

EPIPLOSCHEOGELE

336

EPITHELIUM

[epiploon; <rap£, flesh; 6p<f>6\os, navel; K17X77, hernia].
An epiplomphalocele in which the omentum has be-
come indurated.

epiploscheocele (ep-ip-los'-ke-o-sel) [epiploon; 6a-
X«o", scrotum; KrjXrj, hernia]. Omental hernia de-
scending into the scrotum.

epipolic (ep-e-poV -ik) [i-inirokr), at the top]. Re-
lating to fluorescence.

epipteric (ep-ip-ter'-ik) [epi-; pterion]. Upon or
above the pterion. e. bone. See under bone.

epipygus (ep-ip'-e-gus) [epi-; irvyrj, rump]. See
pygomelus.

episarkin (ep-e-sark'-in) [epi-; crapl-, flesh], C4H6-
N3O. A xanthin base which occurs in normal urine
of man and dogs and in the urine in leukemia.

episclera (ep-e-skle'-rah) [epi-; ckXtipos, hard].
The loose connective tissue lying between the con-
junctiva and the sclera.

episcleral (ep-e-skle'-ral) [episclera]. Situated on
the outside of the sclerotic coat.

episcleritis (ep-e-skle-ri'-tis) [episclera; ins, in-
flammation]. An inflammation of the subconjunc-
tival tissues or of the sclera itself.

episio- (ep-iz-e-o-). A prefix signifying relation to
the pubes.

episiocele (ep-iz'-e-o-sel) [episio-; icf)\i], hernia].
Pudendal hernia; vulvar protrusion.

episioclisia (ep-iz-e-o-klis'-e-ah) [episio-; nXeiais,
locking, closure]. Surgical closure of the vulva.

episioelytrorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-o-el-it-ror'-af-e) [epi-
sio-; elytrorrhaphy]. The operation of suturing a
ruptured perineum and narrowing the vagina for the
support of a prolapsed uterus.

episiohematoma (ep-iz-e-o-hem-at-o'-mah) [episio- ;
alfia, blood; 6fta, tumor: pi., episiohematomata].
Hematoma of the vulva or pudenda.

episioitis (ep-iz-e-o-i'-tis) [episio-; ins, inflamma-
tion of the pudenda.

episioperineorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-o-per-in-e-or'-af-e) .
See episioelytrorrhaphy.

episioplasty (ep-iz-e-o-plas'-te) [episio-; w'Xaaaei.v,
to form]. A plastic operation upon the pubic region,
or on the vulva.

episiorrhagia (ep-iz-e-or-a'-je-ah) [episio-; priyvvvai,
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the vulva.

episiorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-or'-a-fe) [episio-; pa<pr),
seam]. An operation for the repair of tears about the
vulva.

episiostenosis (ep-iz-e-o-sten-o'-sis) [episio-; arevos,
narrow]. Contraction or narrowing of the vulva.

episiotomy (ep-iz-e-ot'-o-me) [episio-; rop.ii, sec-
tion]. Incision through the vulva in child-birth,
to prevent rupture of the perineum and to facilitate
labor.

epispadiac {ep-e-spa'-de-ak). 1. Relating to or
affected with epispadias. 2. A person affected with
epispadias.

epispadial (ep-e-spa'-de-al). Relating to an epi-
spadias.

epispadias (ep-e-spa' -de-as) [epi-; airaetv, to
pierce]. A condition in which the urethra opens
on the upper part of the penis, either on the dorsum
or on the glans.

epispasis (e-pis' -pas-is) [epi-; airaais, a drawing].
An eruption or skin-affection due to medical treat-
ment; a drug-exanthem.

epispastic (ep-e-spas'-tik) [epi-; airaais, a draw-
ing]. 1. Blistering. 2. A substance producing a
blister.

episplenitis (ep-e-splen-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
fibrous coat of the spleen.

epistasis {e-pis' -tas-is) [ewiaTaaLS, scum]. 1. A
scum or film of substance floating on the surface
of urine. 2. A checking or stoppage of a hemorrhage
or other discharge.

epistaxis (ep-is-taks'-is) [eiriarateiv, to cause to
drop]. Hemorrhage from the nose.

episternal (ep-e-ster'-nal) [epi-; arkpvov, the
sternum]. Above the sternum.

episthotonos, episthotonus (ep-is-thot'-o-nos, -us).
See emprosthotonos.

epistropheus (ep-is-tro'-fe-us) [iiriarpo<pevs, pivot].
The BNA term for the axis, or second cervical
vertebra.

episylvian (ep-e-sil'-ve-an). Situated above the
Sylvian fissure.

epitela (ep-e-te'-lah) [epi-; tela, a web]. The
delicate tissue of Vieussen's valve.

epiteric (ep-e-ter'-ik) [epi-; pterion]. Upon or
above the pterion.

epithalamic (ep-e-thaV -am-ik) [epi-; thalamus].
Situated upon the thalamus.

epithalamus (ep-e-thaV -am-us) . A term including
the habenae, epiphysis cerebri, and postcommissure
of the brain.

epithelia (ep-e-the' -le-ah) [pi. of epithelium]. The
epithelial, cells, or epithelial layer.

epithelial (ep-e-the' -le-al) [epithelium]. Pertaining
to or made up of epithelium.

epitheliogenetic (ep-e-the-le-o-jen-et'-ik) [epithe-
lium; yeveais, generation]. Originating from undue
epithelial proliferation.

epithelioid (ep-e-the' -le-oid) [epithelium; elSos,
likeness]. Resembling epithelium.

epitheliolysin (ep-e-the-le-ol'-is-in) [epithelium;
lysin]. A cytolysin produced by inoculation with
epithelial cells.

epitheliolytic (ep-e-the-le-o-lif '-ik) . Capable of
bringing about the destruction of epithelial cells.
Metchnikoff found that the introduction of com-
minuted epithelium into the blood gave this power to
the serum.

epithelioma (ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [epithelium; 6pa,
a tumor]. Properly, any tumor in which epithelium
forms the prominent element; by usage the word is
restricted to carcinoma of the skin and mucous
membranes, e., columnar. See e., cylindrical, e.,
corneous, one in which the cells resemble the outer
layer of epidermal cells, e., cylindrical, one in which
the epithelial cells resemble ordinary columnar
epithelium and the structure resembles ordinary
mucosa. Syn., cylinder-cell cancer; cylindriform
epithelial cancer; columnar-celled carcinoma. e.,
cylindrocellular. See e., cylindrical, e., cystic, a form
containing pits filled with fluid, e., diffuse, a form
marked by rapid infiltration of the adjacent con-
nective tissue with epithelial cells, e., glandular,
a not very malignant form composed of gland-cells
occurring in mucous membranes, especially of the nose
and palate, and of slow growth, e., multiple cystic, a
variety in which scattered cysts are formed in conse-
quence of mucoid degeneration and the fusion of
adjacent drops of fluid, e. myxomatodes psam-
mosum, a tumor of the third ventricle of the brain,
of the character of a very soft myxoma, and con-
taining very hard, granular, milk-white contents.

epitheliomatous (ep-e-the-le-om'-al-us). Having
the nature of an epithelioma.

epitheliomuscular (ep-e-the-le-o-mus'-ku-lar). Re-
sembling epithelium and muscle.

epithelium (ep-e-the' -le-um) [iirl, upon; #57X17,
nipple]. A term applied to the cells that form
the epidermis, that line all canals having com-
munication with the external air, and that are
specialized for secretion in certain glands, as the
liver, kidneys, etc. Epithelium is divided, according
to the shape and arrangement of the cells, into
columnar, cuboidal, flat, pavement, squamous, strati-
fied, and tessellated epithelium; according to function,
into protective and glandular or secreting, e., cili-
ated, a form in which the cells bear vibratile filaments
or cilia on their free extremities, e., columnar,
distinguished by prismatic-shaped or columnar cells.
e., fibrillated. See e., rod. e., germ, e., germinal,
e., germinative. 1. See ridge, genital. 2. The single
layer of columnar epithelial cells covering the free
surface of the ovary, e., glandular, that composed
generally of spheroidal cells and constituting the
proper secreting substance of a gland, e., intestinal,
columnar epithelium, e., Malpighian. See e.,
mucous, e., mucous. 1. The rete mucosum. 2. The
entire embryonic epidermis with the exception of the
epitrichium. e., nerve, epithelium in which sensory
cells combined with ordinary epithelial cells form the
peripheral terminations of the nerves in the organs
of sense, e., pavement, a kind composed of cubic
cells, e., pigmentary, e., pigmented, epithelial
cells holding pigment-granules, e., protective, that
serving for protection, as the epidermis, as dis-
tinguished from that serving for secretion or sensa-
tion, e., pyramidal, columnar epithelium, e.,
rod, striated cells lining certain glands, e., sensory.
See e., nerve, e., squamous, the cells have been
reduced to scaly plates, e., stratified, the cells are
arranged in distinct layers, e., striated, that con-
sisting of striated cells, e., subcapsular, the epithe-
lial-like lining of the internal surface of the capsule
of the nerve-cells of spinal ganglia, e., tabular,
e. tabulare, pavement epithelium, e., tegumentary,
the epidermis, e., transitional, epithelium inter-

EPITHELIZATION

337

ERADICATION

mediate between simple and stratified, e., vascular,
vascular endothelium, e. vibrans, e., vibratile, e.,
vibrating, e. vibratorium, ciliated epithelium.

epitbelization (ep-e-the-li-za'-shun). The growth
of epithelium over a raw surface.

epithem (ep'-ilh-em) [i-n-idripa, a poultice: pi.,
epithemata]. Any local application; as a compress,
fomentation, lotion, or poultice; from this definition
some writers exclude salves, plasters, and ointments.

epithema (ep-ith-e'-mah) . See epithem.

epithesis (e-pith'-es-is) [eiririBevai, to lay on],
i. The surgical correction of deformed or crooked
limbs. 2. A splint, or similar appliance.

epithymia (ep-e-thi'-me-ah) [kviBvpia, longing].
Any natural longing or desire ; a yearning.

epitonic (ep-e-ton'-ik) [iiriTeiveiv. to stretch].
Tightly drawn; on the stretch.

epitonos, epitonus {ep-e-to'-nos, -nus). i. See
epitonic. 2. Anything exhibiting abnormal tension
or stretched from one point to another.

epitoxoid (ep-e-loks'-oid) . A toxoid (q. v.) having a
lesser affinity for the antitoxin than is possessed by
the corresponding toxin.

epitrichial (ep-e-trik'-e-al). Relating to the epi-
trichium.

epitrichium (ep-e-trik'-e-um) [epi-; rpixiov, a small
hair]. Superficial layer of fetal epidermis.

epitrochanterian (ep-e-tro-kan-te'-re-an) [epi-; tro-
chanter]. Situated upon the trochanters.

epitrochlea (ep-e-trok'-le-ah) [epi-; rpoxaXia, a
pulley]. The internal condyle of the humerus.

epitrochlear (ep-e-trok' -le-ar) . Applied to muscles
of the forearm which are attached to the epitrochlea.

epitympanic (ep-e-tim-pan'-ik) [epi-; Tvp.ira.vov, the
tympanum]. Upon or above the tympanum, e.
recess, the attic.

epitympanum (ep-e-tim' -pan-um) . The attic.

epityphlitis (ep-e-tif-li'-tis) [epi-; tv<j>\6v, the
cecum]. Synonym of appendicitis.

epityphlon (ep-e-tif'-lon) [epi-; tv<j>K6v, the cecum].
Kiister's name for the vermiform appendix.

epivertebral (ep-e-ver'-te-bral) [epi-; vertebra].
1. Situated upon a vertebra. 2. A spinous process
of a vertebra.

epizoicide (ep-e-zo' -is-ld) [epi-; £tiov, an animal;
coedere, to kill]. A drug or preparation that destroys
external parasites.

epizoon (ep-e-zo' -ori) [epi-; r4>°". 2m animal: pi.,
epizoa]. An animal parasite living upon the exterior
of the body.

epizootic (ep-e-zo-ot'-ik) [see epizoon]. An epi-
demic disease of the lower animals.

epoikic (ep-oi'-kik) [epi-; oIkos, a house]. Applied
to diseases limited to the household or other cir-
cumscribed locality.

eponychium (ep-o-nik'-e-um) [epi-; bw%, finger-
nail]. A horny condition of the epidermis from the
second to the eighth month of fetal life, indicating the
position of the future nail. The thickened epi-
trichium covering the nail area.

eponym (ep'-o-nim) [ciruvvpas, named after a
person]. A term derived from the name of a person.

eponymic (ep-o-nim'-ik) [iirwwpos, named after a
person]. Named after some person.

epoophorectomy (ep-o-o-for-ek'-to-me) [epoophoron ;
iKTop-h, excision]. Surgical removal of the epo-
ophoron.

epoophoron (ep-o-of'-or-on) [epi-; &6v, egg; <t>kpeiv,
to bear]. The parovarium.

epoptic (ep-op'-tik) [L., epopticus]. Fluorescent.

epostoma (ep-os-to'-mah) [epi-; barkov, bone].
An exostosis.

Epsom salt (ep'-sum) [Epsom, a town in Surrey,
England]. See magnesium sulphate.

Epstein's pearls (ep'-stln) [Alois Epstein, German
physician, 1840- ]. Small, slightly elevated,
yellowish-white masses on each side of the median
line of the hard palate at birth.

epulis (ep-u'-lis) [epi-; ovka, the gums]. A fibrous
tumor of the alveolar processes of the jaws, e.,
malignant, a giant-cell sarcoma of the jaw.
epuloid (ep'-u-loid). Like an epulis.
epulosis (ep-u-lo' -sis) [epi-; 06X17, scar]. Cicatri-
zation; a cicatrix.

epulotic (ep-u-lot'-ik) [epi-; ouXi), scar]. 1. Pro-
moting epulosis or cicatrization. 2. A remedy or
application that promotes the healing of wounds or
sores.

equation (e-kwa'-zhun) [square, to make equal].
In chemistry, a collection of symbols and formulae

so arranged as to indicate the reaction that will take
place if the bodies represented by these symbols and
formulae are brought together. e., personal, an
allowance for individual peculiarity or error in an
observer's work.

equator (e-kwa'-tor) [see equation]. An imaginary
circle surrounding a sphere so as to divide it into
equal halves, e. of a cell, the boundary of the
plane through which division takes place, e. of the
eye, the equator oculi; a line joining the four extremi-
ties of the transverse and vertical axes of the
eye.

equatorial (e-kwa-tor' -e-al) [square, to make
equal]. Pertaining or belonging to an equator,
e. plate. See karyokinesis and plate.

equilibrating operation (e-kwil'-ib-ra-ting). An
operation on the ocular muscles to equalize their
action in cases of squint.

equilibration (e-kwil-ib-ra'-shun) [equilibrium]. The
maintenance of equilibrium.

equilibrium (e-kwe-lib'-re-um) [cequus, equal; libra,
balance]. An even balancing of a body or condition.
e., indifferent, that which is independent of the
positions assumed by the body, e., mobile, the
constant temperature kept by neighboring bodies
after a mutual exchange of heat proportionate to
their capacities; this constancy is due to the fact
that after the attainment of heat equilibrium the
subsequent emission is equal to the quantity of
heat received, e., neutral. See e., indifferent, e.,
nitrogenous, the condition of the system in which
the amount of nitrogen in the matter discharged
from the body exactly equals the amount taken in.
e., physiological, the state of the system in which the
amount of material discharged from the body exactly
equals the amount taken in. e., stable, when, after
slight disturbance, the body will return to its original
condition or position, e., unstable, when it will
not so return.

equinated (e-kwin-a'-ted). Inoculated with the
virus of equinia.

equination (e-kwin-a'-shun) [equinus, of a horse].

1. Inoculation with the virus of equine smallpox.

2. Inoculation with the virus of equinia.

equinia (e-kwin'-e-ah) [equus, a horse]. Glanders;
farcy.

equinocavus (e-kivi-no-ka' '-vus) [equinus; cavus,
hollow]. Dorsal talipes equinus in which the plantar
surface is excessively hollowed and creased.

equinovarus (e-kwi-no-va'-rus) [equinus; varus,
bent outward]. A variety of talipes presenting the
characteristics of talipes equinus and talipes varus.

equinus (e-kwi'-nus) [equus, a horse]. 1. Talipes
equinus. 2. Relating to the horse; equine, e.
dorsalis, a form of talipes equinus in which the patient
walks on the dorsal surface of the flexed toes. e.
plantaris, the form of talipes equinus in which the toes
are extended throughout or only at the metatarso-
phalangeal joint.

equipotential (e-kwi-po-ten'-shal) [cequus, equal;
potentia, power]. Of equal power; applied in elec-
tricity to bodies with equal dynamic units.

Equisetum (ek-wis-e'-tum) [equus, a horse; sceta, a
bristle]. A genus of cryptogamous plants. E.
hiemale is used in dropsy and diseases of genitourinary
origin. Dose of fluidextract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc).

equivalence, equivalency (e-kwiv'-al-ens, -en-se)
{cequus, equal; valere, to be worth]. The saturating
power of an atom of an element as compared with
that of an atom of hydrogen. Valence.

equivalent (e-kwiv' -al-ent) . Of equal valency;
having the same value, e., chemical, the amount of
an element capable of combining with a unit weight
of hydrogen; it is the atomic weight of the element
divided by its valence, e., endosmotic, the ratio
obtained by dividing the amount of the replacing
liquid in osmotic action by the amount replaced.
e., Joule's. See under Joule, e., psychic epileptic,
mental disturbance or excitement which may take
the place of epileptic attacks, e., toxic, the quantity
of poison capable of killing, by intravenous injection,
one kilogram of animal, e. weight, same as equiva-
lent, chemical.

equivocal (e-kwiv' -o-kal) [cequus, equal; vox, sound].
Of doubtful significance, as equivocal symptoms.

E. R. Abbreviation for external resistance.

Er. The chemical symbol of erbium, also written
simply E.

eradication (e-rad-ik-a'-shun) [e, out; radicare, to
root]. Complete or thorough removal.

ERASION

338

ERICHSEN'S DISEASE

erasion (e-ra'-zhun) [e, out; radere, to scrape].
I. The act of scraping. 2. Scraping or curetting of
a joint. 3- The same as arthrectomy.

Erb's disease [Wilhelm Heinrich Erb, German
physician, 1840- ]. Severe pseudoparalytic
myasthenia; asthenic bulbar paralysis. E.'s juvenile
form of progressive muscular atrophy, the scapulo-
humeral type. E.'s myotonic reaction. See E.'s
waves. E.'s palsy, E.'s paralysis, a paralysis in-
volving the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and
supinator longus; often also the supinator brevis,
and at times the infraspinatus; rarely the sub-
scapularis. It is traumatic in origin; it may occur
during birth. E.'s point, a point about two finger-
breadths above the clavicle and one fingerbreadth
external to the sternomastoid. Electrical stimulation
at this point produces contraction of the deltoid, bi-
ceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator longus. E.'s
symptom. 1. Increase of the electric irritability of
the motor nerves in tetany. 2. Dulness on percus-
sion over the manubrium sterni in acromegaly.
E.'s waves, undulatory movements produced in a
muscle by passing a moderately strong constant
current through it and leaving the electrodes in
place, the circuit remaining closed. They are some-
times seen in Thomsen's disease.

Erb-Charcot's disease. Spastic spinal paralysis;
spasmodic tabes dorsalis.

Erben's phenomenon (er'-ben) [Sigmund Erben,
Austrian physician, 1863- ]. A temporary slow-
ing of the pulse on bending forward or attempting to
sit down; it has been observed in neurasthenia.

Erb-Goldfiam's symptom-complex. See Erb's
disease.

erbium (ur'-be-um). A rare element; symbol Er.
See elements, table of.

Erb-Westphal's symptom. See Westphal's sign.

erect (e-rekf) [erigere, to set up]. 1. To raise
through engorgement of the tissues. 2. Upright;
in the state of erection.

erectile (e-rek'-til) [erect]. Having the quality of
becoming erect, e. tissue, a tissue consisting of a
network of expansile capillaries that, under stimulus,
become engorged with blood and cause erection of
the part. e. tumor, a tumor of erectile tissue.

erection (e-rek'-shun) [erect]. The state of being
erect, as erection of the penis or clitoris. Fulness and
firmness of the genital organs from congestion.

erector (e-rek'-tor) [erect]. 1. A muscle that pro-
duces erection of a part. See under muscle. 2. A
prism frequently attached to the eye-piece of the
microscope, for correcting the inversion of the image.
e. nerves. See nervi erigentes. e. pili, the unstriped
muscular fibers causing the erection of the hair and
the phenomenon called goose-flesh or goose-skin.

eremacausis {er-e-mak-aw'-sis) [i]pkp.a, slowly;
Kavais, burning]. Slow oxidation or gradual decay;
slow combustion.

eremophobia (er-em-o-fo'-be-ah) [iprj/ios, desolate;
<£6/Sos, fear]. The same as agoraphobia, q. v.

erepsin (er-ep'-sin) [ipdweiv, to destroy]. A
ferment produced by the intestinal mucosa, having
no effect on unaltered albumin but causing cleavage
of peptones.

erethetic, erethetical (er-e-thet'-ik, -al). See
erethismic.

erethin (er'-e-thin) {kptdi^eiv, to irritate]. The
name given by Klebs to that constituent of tuberculin
which occasions fever.

erethism, erethismus (er'-e-thizm, er-e-thiz'-mus)
[ipedia^os, irritation]. An abnormal increase of
nervous irritability.

erethisma (er-e-thiz'-mah). An irritant.

erethismal (er-e-thiz'-mal). Of the nature of an
erethism.

erethismic, erethistic (er-e-thiz'-mik, -this'-tik).
Relating to, or affected with, erethism.

ereuthophobia {e-ruth-o-fo' -be-ah) [epevOos, red-
ness; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid fear of blushing.

ereuthosis (e-ruth-o'-sis) [epevdos, a redness].
Extreme facility for blushing.

erg [tpyov, work]. A unit of work, representing
the work done in moving a body against the force
of one dyne through a space of one centimeter.

ergamine {er' -gam-en). Trade name of an organic
base, beta-iminazolylethylamine, occurring in ergot
and its extracts, and also produced by chemical
synthesis. It is a stimulant of unstriped muscle,
particularly of the uterus; and is used in cases of
postpartum hemorrhage.

ergasiomania (ur-gas-e-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ipyaaia,
work; fiavia, madness]. 1. An eager desire for work
of any kind. 2. Mania for performing operations.

ergasiophobia (ur-gas-e-o-fo' -be-ah) [ipyao-ia, work;
<£6j8os, fear]. 1. Timidity in operating; a dread of
operations. 2. Dread of work of any kind.

ergasto plasm (er-gas'-to-plazm) [epyov, work;
plasm]. Same as kinoplasm.

ergoapiol (er-go-a'-pe-ol). A proprietary combi-
nation of apiol, s parts; ergotin, 1 part; savin oil,
I part; aloin, f part; it is used as an emmenagogue.
Dose 7-14 gr. (0.45-0.9 Gm.).

ergogenesis (ur-go-jen' '-es-is) [Ipyov, work; ykveais,
production]. Same as ergogeny.

ergogenetic (ur-go-jen-et'-ik) [epyov, work; ykveovs,
production]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to,
ergogeny.

ergogeny (ur-goj'-en-e) [epyov, work; ykveavs,
production]. In biology, the energy, both potential
and kinetic, involved in the adaptive processes of
living organisms; it includes both kinetogeny and
statogeny. (Ryder.)

ergograph (ur'-go-graf) [ipyov, work; ypafciv,
to write]. A recording ergometer. An instrument
for recording the extent of movement produced by a
contracting muscle, or the amount of work it is
capable of doing.

ergometer (ur-gom'-et-er) [epyov, work; n'erpov,
measure]. A variety of dynamometer.

ergone (er'-gon). Trade name of a sterile prepara-
tion of ergot.

ergophobia (er-go-fo'-be-ah) [ipyov, work; <j>6pos,
fear]. Morbid dread of work; ergasiophobia.

ergophore group (ur'-go-for) [epyov, work; <f>kpeiv,
to bear]. A group of atoms belonging to the mole-
cule of an antibody, and by virtue of which its
specific (agglutinative or other) action depends.

ergostat (ur'-go-stat) [epyov, work; lardvai, to
stand]. An apparatus for testing muscular strength.

ergot, ergota (er'-got, er-go'-tah) [Fr., ergot, a spur].
The sclerotium of the Claviceps purpurea, a fungus
growing on rye. It is a vasomotor stimulant and
causes contraction of the involuntary muscles. It
is used to control hemorrhage and to cause uterine
contraction; it is also employed in cerebral and spinal
congestion, in diabetes insipidus, and in night-sweats.
Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). e., extract of
(extractum ergota, U. S. P.), ergot. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.3-1.3 Gm.); hypodermatically, 5-5 gr. (0.016-
0.32 Gm.). e., fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum ergota,
U. S. P.). Dose I dr.-§ oz. (2-16 Cc). e., infusion
of (infusum ergota, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc).
e., injection of (injectio ergotina hypodermica, B. P.),
ergotin and camphor-water. Dose subcutaneously
3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Cc). e., tincture of (tinctura
ergota, B. P.). Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.6-4.0 Cc).
e., wine of (vinum ergota, U. S. P.). Dose 2 dr.
(8 Cc).

ergotherapy (er-go-ther'-ap-e) [epyov, work : 6ep<nreLa,
treatment]. Treatment of disease by physical work.

ergotin {er' -go-tin). Extract of ergot.

ergotine {er-go-ten'). An alkaloid of ergot.

ergotinine (er-got'-in-en), C35H40N4O6. An alkaloid
from ergot of rye.

ergotinol (er-got'-in-ol). A proprietary ammoni-
ated solution of ergotin.

ergotinum (er-go-ti'-num). See ergotin.

ergotism (er'-got-izm) [ergot]. The constitutional
effects following the prolonged use of ergot, or of
grain containing the fungus Claviceps purpurea.
The symptoms are of two types, either a spasmodic
form with contractions and cramps of the muscles,
or a form characterized by dry gangrene.

ergotized (ur'-go-tizd). Systemically affected with
ergot.

ergotol (ur'-got-ol). A proprietary liquid prepara-
tion of ergot, recommended for hypodermatic injec-
tion.

ergotoxine (er-go-toks'-en). An alkaloid derived
from ergot, probably identical with cornutine.

ergoval (er'-go-val). A proprietary standardized
fluid extract of ergot.

Erichsen's disease (er'-ik-sen) [Sir John Eric
Erichsen, English surgeon, 181 8-1896]. Railway-
spine; railway-brain. A train of symptoms following
accidents, which may assume the form of traumatic
hysteria, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, or melan-
cholia. E.'s ligature, one consisting of a double
thread, one-half of which is black, the other white;
it is used in the ligation of nevi. E.'s sign, to differ-

ERICIN

339

ERYSIPELOTOXIN

entiate coxalgia from sacroiliac disease: compression
of the two iliac bones causes pain in the latter, but
not in the former, affection.

ericin (er'-is-in) [ipeUri, heather]. A dye obtained
from common heath and varieties of poplar wood by-
treating with a hot solution of alum.

ericolin (er-ik'-o-lin) [ipeUrj, heath], C34H56O21.
A substance found in uva ursi. It is an amorphous,
yellowish glucoside with a bitter taste, yielding with
diluted acids sugar and an essential oil — ursone.

erigens (er'-e-jenz) [L.]. Producing erection, as
the nervi erigentes.

erigeron (er-ij'-er-on) [ripiyepuv, groundsel]. Flea-
bane. The plant E. canadense, having physiological
actions like those of oil of turpentine, but less irritant.
It contains oil of erigeron, and is used as a hemostatic.
E. bellidifolium and E. philadelphicum afford similar
oil, and have the same properties. E. canadense
is used in dropsy and diseases of the genitourinary
tract, e., fiuidextract of. Dose 30-60 min. (1.8-
3.7 Cc). e., oil of (oleum erigerontis, U. S. P.).
Dose 10 min.-| dr. (0.65-2.0 Cc).

eriocome (er'-e-o-kom) [epiov, wool; Kop,rj, hair].
Haeckel's term for a race having wooly hair that
covers the head like a continuous fleece, as in the
majority of negroes. Cf. lophocome.

eriocomous (er-e-ok'-om-us). Villous; covered with
woolly hair.

eriodictyon (er-e-o-dik'-te-on) [Ipiov, wool; Uktvov,
a net]. Verba santa or mountain-balm. The leaves
of E. californicum, a shrub of California, are expec-
torant and an excipient for quinin, the taste of which
they largely conceal. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). e.,
extract of. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). e.,
fiuidextract of (fluidextr actum eriodictyi, U. S. P.).
Dose 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc).

Erlenmeyer's mixture (er'-len-mi-er) [Friedrich
Albrecht Erlenmeyer, German psychiatrist, 1849-
]. A mixture of equal parts of the bromides of
potassium, sodium, and ammonium.

ernutin (er-nu'-tin). A proprietary preparation of
ergot.

erodent (e-ro'-dent) [e, out; rodere, to gnaw].
1. Caustic; causing erosion. 2. A caustic drug.

erogenic, erogenous (er-o-jen'-ik, er-oj'-en-us)
[Ipcos, love; yeppav, to produce]. Producing or
stimulating the sexual appetite.

eromania (er-o-ma'-ne-ah). See erotomania.

erose (er-os') [erodere, to eat out]. Having a
margin or border irregularly toothed.

erosion (e-ro'-zhun) [erodere, to eat out]. The
eating away of tissue, e., aphthous, the formation
of flat ulcers on a mucosa, e., dental, a progressive
decalcification, affecting most commonly the labial
and buccal faces of the teeth, not due to the causes
of dental caries, and usually associated with the
gouty diathesis, e., papillary, a condition developed
from simple erosion; after the destruction of the
epithelium the exposed points of the papillae swell
and appear as granular, dark-red, and easily bleeding
elevations.

erosive (e-ro'-siv). 1. Pertaining to or causing or
characterized by erosion. 2. An agent which pro-
duces erosion.

erotic (er-ot'-ik) [epcos, love]. Pertaining to the
sexual passion; lustful.

eroticism {er-ot' -is-izm) [epus, love]. An erotic
disposition; erotic display; tendency to erotoma-
nia.

eroticomania (er-o-tik-o-ma'-ne-ah) [erotic; fiavla,
madness]. Same as erotomania.

erotism (er'-o-tizm). A condition of erotic intoxi-
cation.

erotogenic (er-ot-o-jen'-ik) [Ipcos, love; yewav, to
produce]. Causing erotic feelings.

erotomania (er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ah) [epws, love; p.avla,
madness]. Morbid exaggeration of the affections,
usually tpward the opposite sex.

erotomaniac (er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ak) . A patient who is
afflicted with erotomania.

erotopath (e-rot' -o-path) . A person who is afflicted
with erotopathy.

erotopathy, erotopathia (er-ot-op'-ath-e, er-o-to-
path'-e-ah) [epcos, love; iraBos, disease]. Perverted
sexual instinct.

erpiol (er'-pe-ol). A proprietary remedy of ergotin,
apiol and gossypiin.

errabund (er'-a-bund) [err are, to wander]. Erratic;
wandering.

erratic (er-at'-ik) [err are, io wander]. Moving

about from place to place; irregular; strange or
unusual; eccentric, peculiar.

errhine (er'-in) [kv, in; pis, the nose]. 1. Causing
discharges from the nose. 2. A medicine that
increases nasal secretions; a sternutatory.

errhysis (er'-is-is) [eppelp, to go slowly]. Slow
bleeding.

erseol (er'-se-ol). Trade name for quinoline
sulphosalicylate; it is used as a substitute for
quinine.

erubescence (er-oo-bes'-ens) [erubescentia, blushing].
Redness of the skin.

eructation (e-ruk-ta'-shun) [eructare, to belch].
Belching.

erugation (er-oo-ga'-shun) [e, out; ruga, wrinkle].
The removal of wrinkles.

erugatory (er-oo' -gat-or-e) [e, out; ruga, a wrinkle].
1. Tending to remove wrinkles. 2. A remedy for
wrinkles.

eruption (e-rup'-shun) [erumpere, to burst out].
A bursting forth, especially applied to the skin-
lesions of the exanthematous diseases, e., drug,
e., medicinal. See dermatitis medicamentosa, e.,
Koch's. See under Koch, e., miliary, an eruption
of little vesicles occurring in the course of febrile
diseases.

eruptive (e-rup'-tiv) [see eruption]. Attended by
an eruption, as an eruptive fever.

Eryngium (er-in'-je-um) [epbyyrj, a sort of thistle].
A genus of plants of the order Umbellifera. E.
yucccefolium is indigenous to the western prairies and
southern barrens of the United States. The root
is diaphoretic, expectorant, and refrigerant. Dose
of fiuidextract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc).

erysipelas (er-is-ip' -el-as) [ipvOpos, red; ireXXa,
skin]. An acute infectious disease due to Strepto-
coccus erysipelatis (which is probably identical with
the Streptococcus pyogenes), and characterized by an
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
e. ambulans. See e., wandering, e. bullosum, that
attended with formation of bulla?, e. chronicum.
Synonym of erysipeloid, e. diffusum, that in which
the affected area is not sharply defined, the redness
merging gradually with the color of the surrounding
skin, e., facial, erysipelas of the face, the most
common form. After an initial chill the temperature
rises very high; there may be vomiting and delirium,
and the disease may spread rapidly over a great
part of the body. The affected area is swollen, has a
deep-red color, an elevated margin, and itches.
e. glabrum, that in which the skin is tightly stretched
and has a smooth, shining appearance. Syn.,
erysipelas lave; erysipelas lavigatum. e., idiopathic,
erysipelas occurring without any visible wound.
e., internal, e. internum, that affecting the interior
of the body, especially the mucosas, e. laeve, e.
lasvigatum. See e. glabrum. e. medicamentosum, a
medicine rash resembling erysipelas, but marked
by rapid development, the absence of well-defined
areas, and tenderness on pressure, e. migrans. See
e., wandering, e., phlegmonous, a form of erysipelas
in which there is pus-formation, e., pustular, e.
pustulosum, a variety of erysipelas bullosum in
which the bulla? contain pus. e., serpiginous, a form
which extends by involving neighboring parts of the
skin, e., spontaneous, that to which no external
cause can be assigned, e., surgical, e., traumatic,
erysipelas occurring in the site of a wound, e.,
symptomatic, that dependent on some constitutional
disorder, e.. true that due to infection with Strepto-
coccus erysipelatis, Fehleisen. See under Micrococci,
table of. e., venous, that accompanied by venous con-
gestion and marked by a dark-red color which does not
entirely disappear on pressure, e. verrucosum, that
characterized by a warty or lumpy appearance, e.,
wandering, a form in which the erysipelatous process
successively disappears from one part of the body to
appear subsequently at another part, e., white, a
variety of erysipelatous edema in which there is no
manifest dilation of the blood-vessels.

erysipelatous (er-is-ip-el'-at-us) [erysipelas]. Of
the nature of or affected with erysipelas.

erysipelococcus (er-is-ip-el-o-kok'-us). A name for
Streptococcus erysipelatis, to which erysipelas is due.

erysipeloid (er-is-ip' -el-oid) [erysipelas; eldos,
likeness]. A noncontagious disease resembling ery-
sipelas. It is due to Cladolhrix dichotoma. Syn.,
erysipelas chronicum ; erythema migrans.

erysipelotoxin (er-e-sip-el-o-toks'-in). The toxin
of erysipelas.

ERYTHEMA

340

ERYTHROMELIA

erythema (er-ith-e'-mah) [ipvdalveiv, to make
red]. A redness of the skin occurring in patches of
variable size and shape, e. aestivum, an intense
itching and burning, attended with swelling and
formation of bullae, attacking the feet and ankles of
those who walk barefooted in hay-fields, e. a
frigore, e. a gelu, chilblain, e., amorphous, that in
which the efflorescence is irregular in outline and
arrangement, e. angeiectaticum, Auspitz's term for
rosacea in order to convey the idea of its dependence
upon dilatation of the cutaneous blood-vessels, e.
annulare, a form of erythema multiforme in which the
lesions shrink and desquamate at the center, but
continue to extend at the periphery by a raised
margin, e., choleraic, erythema multiforme occur-
ring in cholera patients, chiefly affecting the extremi-
ties and marked by papules bluish-red or livid in
color. It has been observed as occurring at both the
initial and the declining stage of the disease, e.
congestivum, erythema with congestion of the skin.
e. diffusum, a form resembling scarlatina, with ill-
defined outline, the red color of the affected skin
merging gradually into that of the surrounding parts.
e. enematogenes, an eruption sometimes observed
in children on the anterior surface of the knees,
backs of the elbows, buttocks, and face, appearing
from 12 to 24 hours after the administration of an ene-
ma. It lasts from 24 to 48 hours, is rarely followed
by desquamation, and gives rise to no constitutional
disturbance, e., infectious, a name given to ery-
thema multiforme to express the theory of its in-
fectious character, e. intertrigo, intertrigo; a hyper-
emia of the skin occurring where the folds of the
integument come in contact. The epidermis may be
abraded, e., Lewin's, of the larynx, simple syphilitic
catarrh of the larynx, e. migrans. Synonym of
erysipeloid, e. multiforme, an acute inflammatory
skin disease characterized by reddish macules,
papules, or tubercles, usually appearing on the legs
and forearms. It is often ushered in by gastric
distress and rheumatic pains, e. nodosum, dermatitis
contusiformis, an inflammatory disease characterized
by the formation, especially on the tibial surfaces, of
-rounded, elevated, erythematous nodules. e
serpens. Same as e. migrans, e. solare. See e.,
symptomatic, e., symptomatic, a hyperemia of the
skin, either diffuse or in nonelevated patches. It is
either idiopathic, as when arising from the action of
the sun (erythema solare), or due to various poisons
(erythema venenatum), or it is symptomatic of syste-
mic disease or gastrointestinal disorder, e. variolosa,
a rash occurring sometimes in the first stage of small-
pox, e. venenatum. See e., symptomatic.

erythematica (er-ith-e-mat'-ik-ah) [erythema]. A
form of idiopathic enteritis, according to Cullen.

erythematous (er-ith-em'-at-us) [erythema]. Of
the nature of erythema. .

erythemoid, erythematoid (er-ith'-em-oid, er-ith-
em'-at-oid) [erythema; eUos, resemblance]. Re-
sembling erythema.

Erythrsea (er-ith-re'-ah) [ipvdpaios, red]. A genus
of gentians. E. centaurium, the European centaury,
is tonic and antipyretic. Dose of extract 5-30 gr.
(0.32-1.9 Gm.). E. venusta, a California species,
is a valuable bitter tonic and stomachic.

erythrasma (er-ith-raz'-mah) [epvdpos, red]. A
rare skin disease attacking the axillae or inguinal
region or the buttocks. It forms reddish or brownish,
sharply defined, slightly raised, desquamating patches
that cause no itching or inconvenience. It is due to
Bacillus epidermidis.

erythremelalgia (er-ith-rem-el-al'-je-ah). See ery-
thromelalgia.

erythremia, erythremia (er-ith-re'-meah). Same
as erythrocythemia.

erythrenteria (er-ith-ren-te'-re-ah) [epvdpos, red;
ivrepov, intestine]. Hyperemia of the intestine.

erythrism (er'-ith-rizm) [ipvdpos, red]. 1. In
biology, applied to conditions of dichromatism in
which the normal colors of the integument are
affected by an excess of red pigment, as often shown
in the plumage of a bird. 2. Broca's term for the
pathological condition exhibited by the individual
having red hair in a dark-haired race free from inter-
mixture, as among European Jews.

erythro- (er-ith-ro-) [ipvdpos, red]. A prefix
signifying of a red color.

erythroblast (er-ith'-ro-blast) [erythro-; /SXao-ros, a
germ]. A rudimentary red blood-corpuscle.

erythrocatalysis (er-ith-ro-kat-al'-is-is) [erythro ;

catalysis]. Excessive destruction of the red blood
corpuscles by phagocytosis.

erythrochloropia (er-ith-ro-klo-ro'-pe-ah) [erythro-;
xXwpos, green; &\p, eye]. A form of subnormal
color-perception in which green and red are the
only colors correctly distinguished.

erythrochloropy (er-ith-ro-klor'-o-pe) [erythro- ;
xXwpoj, green]. Ability to distinguish red and green
colors only.

erythrocruorin (er-ith-ro-kru'-or-in) [erythro- ; cruor,
blood]. Same as hemoglobin.

erythrocyte (er-ith' -ro-sit) [erythro-; kvtos, a cell].
A red blood-corpuscle.

erythrocythemia, erythrocythsemia (er-ith-ro-si-the'-
me-ah) [erythro-; kvtos, a cell; ai/*a, blood]. A condi-
tion in which there is an increase of red blood corpus-
cles in the circulation blood.

erythrocytoblast (er-ith-ro-si'-to-blast). Same as
erythroblast.

erythrocytolysis (er-iih-ro-si-tol'-is-is) [erythrocyte;
Awns, a loosing]. The plasmolysis of red blood-
corpuscles; the escape of soluble substances and the
reduction of the volume of the corpuscle.

erythrocytometer (er-ith-ro-si-tom'-et-er) [erythro-
cyte; ukrpov, a measure]. A heavy, graduated, glass
capillary tube, the lumen of which is expanded near
the upper end into a bulb containing a small cubic
glass bead which serves as a stirrer. It is used in
counting erythrocytes. Cf. leukocytometer.

erythrocyto-opsonins (er-ith-ro-si-to-op'-so-nins) .
Substances which are opsonic for red blood cor-
puscles.

erythrocytorrhexis (er-ith-ro-si-tor-reks'-is). See
plasmorrhexis.

erythrocytoschisis (er-ith-ro-si-tos'-kis-is) [erythro-
cyte; axiais, cleavage]. The splitting-up of red
blood-corpuscles into discs resembling blood-platelets.
Cf. plasmoschisis.

erythrocytosis (er-ith-ro-si-to'-sis) [erythrocyte]. 1.
The formation of red blood-corpuscles. 2. The
presence in the blood, before birth, of red cells with
nuclei and with karyokinetic figures.

erythrodermia (er-ith' -ro-der-me-ah) [erythro- ; Sep/ia,
skin]. Abnormal redness. of the skin.

erythrodermitis (er-ith-ro-der-mi'-tis) [erythro-;
Sepp-a, skin; ins, inflammation]. A chromoderma-
tosis characterized by erythema and superficial
dermatitis.

erythrodextrin (er-ith-ro-deks'-trin) [erythro- ; dexter,
right]. A dextrin formed by the action of saliva on
starch. It yields a red color with iodine.

erythrogen (er-ith' -ro-jen) [erythro-; yewav, to
produce]. A green substance that has been found in
unhealthy bile, and which (apparently without good
reason) has been regarded as "the base of the coloring-
matter of the blood;"

erythroglucin (er-ith-ro- glu'- sin) . See erylhrol.

erythrpgranulose (er-ith-ro-gran'-u-los) [erythro- ;
granulum, a little grain]. A granular substance,
found in starch-grains, coloring red with iodine.

erythroid (er'-ith-roid) [erythro-; eUos, resem-
blance]. Reddish; of a red color.

erythrol (er'-ith-rol) [epvdpos, red]. 1. C4H6(OH)4.
A crystalline alkaloid from certain algae and lichens.
2. A double salt of bismuth and cinchonidine. It is
used in rare forms of dyspepsia in which acid reaction
of the gastric juice is accompanied by the production
of butyric acid. e. tetranitrite, (CthONO^-
(CHO . N02)2, large scales, soluble in alcohol,
insoluble in water, exploding on percussion; recom-
mended as a substitute for amyl nitrite and nitro-
glycerin in angina pectoris, asthma, lead colic, and
cardiac affections. Dose §-1 gr. (0.03-0.06
Gm.).

erythrolysin (er-ith-rol'-is-in). See hemolysin. _

erythrolysis (er-ith-rol'-is-is). Erythrocytolysis.

erythromannite (er-ith-ro-man'-it). Same as eryth-
rol.

erythromelalgia (er-ith-ro-mel-al'-je-ah) [erythro-;
ne\os, a limb; a\yos, pain]. An affection of the
distal parts of the extremities, particularly the feet,,
characterized by redness and neuralgic pain. The
disease is very obstinate; its pathology is not well
understood. It may be a vasomotor neurosis,
a neuritis of the peripheral nerves, or it may be due
to changes in the spinal cord.

erythromelia (er-ith-ro-me'-le-ah) [erythro-; neXos,
limb]. An affection of the extensor surfaces of the
arms and legs, characterized by painless progressive
redness of the skin; it is distinct from erythromelalgia.

ERYTHRONEOCYTOSIS

341

ESOENTERITIS

erythroneocytosis {er-ith-ro-ne-o-si-to' sis) [erythro-;
vkos, new kvtos, cell]. The presence of regenerative
forms of red blood corpuscles in the -circulating
blood .

Erythronium (er-ith-ro'-ne-um) [epvdpfo, red]. A
genus of liliaceous plants. E. americanum is a species
indigenous to the United States; the bulb and all
parts of the plant are emetic. Dose 20-30 gr.
(1. 3-1.9 Gm.).

erythropenia (er-ith-ro-pe'-ne-ah) [erythro-; irevLa,
poverty]. Deficiency in the number of red blood-
corpuscles.

erythrophage (er-ith'-ro-faj) [erythro-; <i>ayeiv, to
eat]. Any one of the phagocytic cells which, lying
about a hemorrhagic area, take up the pigment of
the blood or even red-corpuscles. They are remark-
able for their brilliant color (red to golden).

erythrophil (er-ith'-ro-fil) [erythro-; 4>C\elv, to
love]. Auerbach's term for the red-staining nuclear
substance of animal and vegetal cells.

erythrophilous (er-ith-rof-il-us) [see erythrophil].
Having an especial affinity for red dyes.

erythrophleine (er-ith-rof'-le-en) [erythro-; <£Xoi6s,
bark]. A poisonous alkaloid from casca-bark. e.
hydrochloride, a local anesthetic and cardiac tonic;
used chiefly in ophthalmology in 0.05 to 0.25 % solu-
tion. Dose t^-te er- (0.002-0.004 Gm.).

erythrophleum (er-ith-rof'-le-um). Casca-bark.

erythrophlogosis (er-ith-ro-flo-go'-sis) [erythro- ;
<f>\6yw<TLs, a burning]. Inflammation attended with
redness.

erythrophobe • (er-ith'-ro-fob) [erythrophobia]. One
fearing or disliking red colors.

erythrophobia (er-ith-ro-fo'-be-ah) [erythro-; red;
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid intolerance of red colors:
sometimes observed after operations for cataract.
2. Fear of blushing; ereuthophobia.

erythrophose (er'-ith-ro-foz) [erythro-; <f>us, light].
A red phose.

erythropia (er-ith-ro'-pe-ah). Same as erythropsia.

erythropoiesis (er-ith-ro-poi-e'-sis) [erythro-; iroirjtns,
a making]. _ The formation of red blood corpuscles.

erythropsia (er-ith-rop'-se-ah) [erythro-; o^is, vi-
sion]. An abnormality of vision in which all objects
appear red ; red vision.

erythropsin (er-ith-rop'-sin) [erythro-; &\p, vision].
An organic substance of the retina. In the presence
of light it is believed to form different combinations,
constituting color-perception. It is called visual
purple and rhodopsin, q. v.

erythropyknosis (er-ith-ro-pik-no'-sis) [erythro- ;
itvkpos, thick]. Degenerative changes in the invaded
erythrocyte, characteristic of the estivoautumnal
infections. It consists in the development of a
brassy appearance of the blood-cell, together with
distinct crenation.

erythrose (er'-ith-ros) [erythro-], C4H8O4. Tetrose.
A substance derived from erythrol. It is probably a
mixture of an aldose and a ketose. It is next to the
lowest glucose.

erythrosin (er-ith-ro'-sin) [erythro-; tyrosin], C30H18-
N2O6. A compound product by the action of HNO3
on tyrosin. It is used as a coloring-matter.

erythrosinophil (er-ith-ro-sin'-o-fil) [erythrosin;
<j>CKtlv, to love]. Easily stainable with erythrosin.

erythrosis (er-ith-ro'-sis) [epvOpos, red]. 1. Arterial
plethora, or the redness of the skin due to it. 2. An
exaggerated tendency to blush.

erythroxyline (er-ith-roks'-il-en) [erythro-; (juXoi',
wood]. Synonym of cocaine.

erythroxylon (er-ith-roks'-il-on) [see erythroxyline].
Coca. The leaves of E. coca, a shrub indigenous to
the Andes. It contains an alkaloid, cocaine, C1-H21-
NO4, to which its properties are mainly due. It is an
aromatic tonic and cerebral stimulant. Dose of
coca {erythroxylon coca, B. P.) 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0
Gm.) ; of the fluidextract {fluidexlr actum coca, U. S.
P.) 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc); of the liquid extract
(extr actum coca liquidum, B. P.) 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-
4.0 Cc).

erythruria (er-ith-ru'-re-ah) [erythro-; ovpov, urine].
The passage of reddish urine. Hematuria.

Esbach's reagent (es'-bakh) [Georges Hubert
Esbach, French physician, 1843-1890]. Picric acid 1,
citric acid 2, water to 100. It is used as a test for
albumin in urine.

escalin (es'-kal-in). Proprietary preparation of
powdered aluminum and glycerin; it is said to be
indicated in gastric ulcer.

eschar (es'-kar) [eo-xdpa, a scab]. A slough, es-

pecially that produced by the thermocautery.
e., neuropathic, a bed-sore.

escharodermitis (es-kar-o-der-mi'-tis) [eschar; 8ep/j.a,
skin; ins, inflammation]. A skin-inflammation
marked by the formation of eschars.

' escharosis (es-kar-o'-sis) . The formation of an
eschar; escharotic action.

escharotic (es-kar-ot'-ik) [eschar]. 1. Caustic; pro-
ducing a slough. 2. A substance that produces
an eschar; a caustic.

Escherich's bacillus (esh'-er-ik) [Theodor Escherich,
German physician, 1857-19-11]. The Bacillus coli
communis; see bacilli, table of.

eschomelia {es-ko-me' -le-ah) [eo-xaros, worst; /ieXos,
a limb]. A monstrosity in which there is a defective
limb.

eschrolalia (es-kro-la' -le-ah) [alcrxpos, shameful;
XaXi'a, speech]. Same as coprolalia.

eschromythesis (es-kro-mi-the'-sis) [al<rxp6s, base;
nvdl?eiv, to utter]. The utterance of obscene
language by delirious or insane patients.

esciorcin, aesciorcin (es-e-or'-sin) [ALsculus, a genus
of trees; orcin], C9H8O4. A product of esculetin by
action of sodium amalgam. It dissolves in alkalies,
green changing to red, and is used in discovering
corneal defects and lesions of conjunctival epithelium,
the red color being more distinct on the iris than the
green color of fluorescein. Application, 1 drop of
10 to 20 % aqueous solution.

esciorcinol (es-e-or'-sin-ol). Same as esciorcin.

escorcin, aescorcin (es-kor'-sin). See esciorcin.

esculetin (es-ku-le'-tin) [JEsculus, a genus of trees],
C9H6O4. A substance present in the bark of the
horse-chestnut, partly free, and partly as the gluco-
side esculin, from which it is prepared.

esculin (es'-ku-lin) [see esculetin], C15H16O9. A
glucoside from horse-chestnut bark.

eseridine {es-er' -id-en). An alkaloid, C15H23N3O3.
It is a laxative and motor excitant and is recom-
mended as a cathartic in veterinary practice. _ Its
uses are the same as eserine, but it is only one-sixth
as powerful. Subcutaneous dose |-| gr. (0.01-0.02
Gm.).

eserine, eserinum (es'-er-en, es-er-e' -num) [esere,
native name of the plant or bean]. An alkaloid
obtained from the Calabar bean, and said to be
identical with physostigmine (q. v.). e. benzoate,
C15H21N3O2C7H6O2, used in the same way as is
eserine. e. borate, is mydriatic; the solutions are
permanent and nonirritating, used in same way as
is eserine. e.-pilocarpine, a combination of eserine
and pilocarpine forming a white, crystalline, soluble
powder. It is anodyne and laxative and used in
veterinary practice in colic of horses. Injection,
6 gr. (0.4 Gm.) in 5 Cc. of water, e. salicylate,
CUH21N3O2 . CvHeOs, is used in 5 % solutions to
contract the pupil; red solutions have lost their
power. It is also used in intestinal atony. Dose
jV-^V gr- (0.0016-0.003 Gm.), divided into 2, 3, or 4
doses; other uses and dosage the same as of eserine.
e. sulphate, used in same way as eserine; also, hypo-
dermatically in veterinary practice for colic. Dose
ii gr. (0.1 Gm.). e. tartrate, (C15H21N 302)20^06,
uses and dosage the same as of eserine.

Esmarch's bandage, E.'s apparatus (ez'-mark)
[Johann Friedrich August von Esmarch, German
surgeon, 1 823-1908]. An elastic rubber bandage
used upon a limb to be amputated, in order to drive
the blood out of it by the pressure of progressive
turns about the limb toward the trunk. E.'s opera-
tion. 1. For amputation at the hip-joint: the soft
parts of the thigh are divided to the bone by a single
sweep of the knife five inches below the tip of the
trochanter; the bone is then sawed across and a second
incision is made to join the first from a point two
inches above the trochanter, when the bone is
shelled out. 2. For ankylosis of the lower jaw: an
incision about two inches long is made along the
lower border of the jaw, and a wedge-shaped piece
of bone is removed from the horizontal portion.
E.'s tubes, tubes on the sides of which agar or gelatin
has been solidified in a thin layer, by rapid turning
of the tube on ice or under ice-water.

esocolitis {es-o-ko-li'-tis) [lo-w, within; colitis].
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon;
dysentery.

esodic (e-sod'-ik) [is, into; 686s, way]. Afferent.

esoenteritis (es-o-en-ter-i'-tis) [eau, inward; evrkpov,
bowel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the intestines.

ESOETHMOIDITIS

342

ESTHESIOPHYSIOLOGY

esoethmoiditis (es-o-eth-moid-i'-tis) [«rw, within;
ethmoiditis]. _ Inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses.

esogastntis (es-o-gas-tri'-tis) [eaw, inward; yaarrip,
belly; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the stomach.

esogenetic {es-o-jen-et'-ik) [law, within; yevvav, to
produce]. Produced or arising within the organism.

esohyperphoria (es-o-hi-per-fo'-re-ah). See hyper-
esophoria under heterophoria.

esophagalgia, oesophagalgia (e-sof-ag-al'-je-ah)
[esophagus; &X70S, pain]. Pain in the esophagus.

esophageal, oesophageal (e-sof-aj'-e-al) [esophagus].
Pertaining or belonging to the esophagus.

esophagectomy, oesophagectomy (e-sof-aj-ek'-to-me)
[esophagus; i/crow, a cutting out]. Extirpation of
cancer of the gullet with resection of the walls of the
organ.

esophagectopy, cesophagectopy (e-sof-aj-ek'-to-pe)
[esophagus; ecTwos, away from a place]. Displace-
ment of the esophagus.

esophageurysma, oesophageurysma (e-so-faj-ur-iz'-
mah) [esophagus; evpvveiv, to widen]. Abnormal
dilation of the esophagus.

esophagism, oesophagism, esophagismus, cesophag-
ismus (e-sof'-aj-izm, e-sof-aj-iz'-mus). Spasmodic
contraction of the esophagus.

esophagitis, oesophagitis (e-sof-aj-i'-tis) [esophagus;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the esophagus.

esophago-, oesophago- (e-sof-a-go-) [esophagus]. A
prefix meaning relating to the esophagus.

esophagocele, oesophagocele (e-sof-ag-o-sel)
[esophago-; k^Xtj, hernia]. An abnormal distention of
a portion of the esophagus.

esophagodynia, cesophagodynia {e-sof-ag-o-din' -e-
ah) [esophagus; bbvvq, pain]. Same as esophagalgia.

esophagoectasis, oesophagoectasis (e-sof-ag-o-ek'-
tas-is) [esophago-; eKretvetv, to stretch]. Diffuse
spindleform dilation of the esophagus, almost always
due to stenosis of the cardia.

esophagoenterostomy, oesophagoenterostomy

(e-sof-ag-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) [esophago-; enterostomy].
Schlatter's operation for the total extirpation of the
stomach; the esophagus is first sutured to the
duodenum.

esophagogastroscopy, cesophagogastroscopy (e-sof-
ag-o-gas-tros'-ko-pe) [esophago-; yaaT-qp stomach;
(TKoirelv, to inspect]. Examination of the interior of
the esophagus and stomach by means of the esoph-
agogastroscope.

esophagomalacia, oesophagomalacia (e-sof-ag-o-mal-
a'-se-ah) [esophagus; naXaicla, softness]. Morbid
softening of the esophagus.

esophagometer, oesophagometer (e-sof-ag-om'-et-er)
[esophago-; p.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for
measuring the esophagus.

esophagomycosis, oesophagomycosis (e-sof-ag-o-mi-
ko'-sis) [esophago- ; mycosis]. Disease of the esophagus
caused by fungi.

esophagopathy, cesophagopathy (e-sof-ag-op'-ath-e)
[esophagus; waffos, disease]. Any disease of the
esophagus.

esophagoplasty, oesophagoplasty (e-sof'-ag-o-plast-e)
[esophago- ; wXaao-eiv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of
the esophagus.

esophagoplegia, oesophagoplegia (e-sof-ag-o-ple'-je-
ah) [esophagus; irXvyv, a stroke] Paralysis of the
esophagus.

esophagoptosis, oesophagoptosis (e-sof-ag-op-to'-sis)
[esophago-; irrGiais, a falling]. Prolapse of the
esophagus.

esophagorrhagia, cesophagorrhagia (e-sof-ag-or-a'-
je-ah) [esophagus; b-qyvvvai, to break forth]. Hemor-
rhage from the esophagus.

esophagorrhea, oesophagorrhea (e-sof-ag-or-e'-ah)
[esophagus; pelv, to flow]. A discharge from the
esophagus.

esophagoscope, oesophagoscope {e-sof-ag'-o-skop)
[esophago- ; o-Koirelv, to view]. An instrument for ex-
amining the interior of the esophagus by artificial light.

esophagoscopy, cesophagoscopy (e-sof-ag-os'-ko-pe)
[see esophagoscope]. Examination of the interior of
the esophagus by means of the esophagoscope.

esophagospasm, oesophagospasm (e-sof'-ag-o-
spazm). See esophagismus.

esophagostenosis, oesophagostenosis (e-sof-ag-o-
sten-o'-sis) [esophago-; o-revwa-is, constriction]. Con-
striction of the esophagus.

esophagostoma, oesophagostoma (e-sof-ag-os'-to-
mah) [esophago-; arbna, a mouth]. An abnormal
aperture or passage into the esophagus.

esophagostomy, oesophagostomy (e-sof-ag-os'-to-me)
[see esophagostoma]. The formation of an artificial
opening in .the esophagus, e. externa, the surgical
opening of the esophagus from the surface of the neck
for the removal of foreign bodies, e. interna, incision
of the esophagus from the inside by means of the
esophagotome for relief of stricture.

esophagotome, oesophagotome (e-sof-ag'-o-tom).
An instrument devised for cutting into the esophagus.

esophagotomy, oesophagotomy (e-sof-ag-ot'-o-me)
[esophago-; rop.fi, a cutting]. Opening of the esopha-
gus by an incision.

esophagus, oesophagus (e-sof'-ag-us) [olou>, future of
(j>kpeiv, to carry; <payelv, to eat]. The gullet. The •
musculo-membranous canal, about nine inches in
length, extending from the pharynx to the stomach.

esophoria (es-o-fo'-re-ah). See heterophoria.

esosphenoiditis {es-o-sfe-noid-i' -tis) [eoxo, within;
sphenoid; tns, inflammation]. Osteomyelitis of the
sphenoid bone.

esoteric (e-so-ter'-ik) [eawrepbs, inner]. Arising
within the organism.

esothyropexy (es-o-thi'-ro-peks-e). See exothyro-
pexy.

esotropia (e-so-lro'-pe-ah) [e<ru, inward; rpeweiv, to
turn]. Convergent strabismus.

espnoic (esp-no'-ik) [ea, into; irvorj, vapor]. 1. In-
spiratory. 2. Relating to the injection of gases or
vapors.

essence (es'-ens) [essentia, essence]. 1. That
which gives to anything its character or peculiar
quality. 2. The peculiar qualities • of a drug ex-
tracted and reduced to a small compass. 3. A solu-
tion of an essential oil in alcohol.

essential (es-en'-shal) [essence]. 1. Pertaining to
the essence of a substance. 2. Of diseases, occurring
without a known cause, e. oils, the volatile oils
obtained from aromatic plants by distillation or
fermentation, e. paralysis, paralysis without charac-
teristic anatomical lesions, e. vertigo, vertigo without
appreciable cause.

ester (es'-ter). A compound ether containing both
an acid and an alcohol radical.

esthematology {es-them-at-oV -o-je) [aladrjua, a
perception; Aoyos, science]. The science of the
sensations and of the sense-apparatus.

esthesia {es-the'-ze-ah) [ato-Orjais, sensation]. in-
capacity of perception; feeling, or sensation. 2. Any
nervous disease that affects the senses or perceptions.

esthesioblast (es-the'-ze-o-blast) [al<r9ri<ns, sensa-
tion; fiXaarros, a germ]. Same as ganglioblast.

esthesiodermia (es-the-ze-o-der'-me-ah) [alo-driais,
sensation; dep/xo, skin]. An affection of the skin
with disturbance of the sensory function, which may
be decreased, increased, or abolished.

esthesiogen (es-the'-ze-o-jen) [alcr0r)<ris, sensation;
7ew5i', to produce]. Any material, as a metaU
which in certain states of the body appears to have a
specific effect upon the sensibility of the patient.

esthesiogenic (es-the-ze-o-jen'-ik) [aladrja-Ls, sensa-
tion; 7ewai', to produce]. Relating to the production
of sensations.

esthesiogeny (es-the-ze-oj'-en-e) [alad-rjais, sensa-
tion; yevvav, to produce]. The production of altered
or perverted sensations.

esthesiography (es-the-ze-og'-ra-fe) [aladrjais, sen-
sation; ypa<j>et.v, to write]. A description of the or-
gans of sensation and perception.

esthesiology (es-the-ze-ol'-o-je) [alaOriffis, a feeling;
X670S, science]. A treatise on, or the science of, the
senses.

esthesiomania {es-the-ze-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ata6Ti<risr
feeling; navia, madness]. Insanity marked by
perverted moral feeling and by purposeless eccen-
tricities^

esthesiometer {es-the-ze-om' -z-ter) [ataOriais, sen-
sation; p.krpov, a. measure]. An instrument for
measuring tactile sensibility.

esthesiometry (es-the-ze-om'-et-re) [alffOrjaLs, sen-
sation; tikrpov, measure]. The measurement or
estimation of tactile sensibility.

esthesioneure (es-lhe'-ze-o-nur) [al<rdri<ris, sensa-
tion; vevpov, a nerve]. A sensory neuron.

esthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro'-sis) [aio-0ij<m,
perception; vevpov, nerve]. Any nervous disease in
which there are disorders of sensation.

esthesionosis (es-the-se-on'-o-sis) [attrdrjais, sensa-
tion; voaos, disease]. See esthesiodermia.

esthesiophysiology (es-the-ze-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). See
esthesophysiology.

ESTHESODIC

343

ETHIOMOPEMPHIGUS

esthesodic (es-the-sod'-ik) [atad-no- is, sensation;
656s, a way]. Serving to convey sense-impressions,
as to the brain.

esthesis (es-the'-sis) [ataOriais, sensation]. Sensi-
bility; sense-perception; a feeling or sense-impression.

esthiomene (es-the-om'-en-e) [iadiofiev-n, eating].
Lupus vulgaris.

esthiomenous (es-the-om'-en-us) [iadiofievr], eat-
ing]. Corroding; phagedenic.

esthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [esthesis ; physi-
ology]. The physiology of sensation and of the
sense-apparatus.

estival, aestival (es'-iiv-al) [cestas, summer]. In
biology, produced in summer.

estivation (es-tiv-a'-shun) [ceslivare, to pass the
summer]. In biology, (a) the dormant condition of
certain plants and animals during the summer;
(b) the arrangement of the floral organs in the bud.

estivoautumnal, gestivoautumnal fever. See fever,
remittent, e. parasite, the parasite of e. fever; it is a
protozoan, Plasmodium prcecox.

Estlander's operation {est' -lan-der) [Jakob August
Estlander, Finnish surgeon, 1831-1881]. An ex-
cision of portions of one or more ribs for the relief of
empyema.

eston (es'-ton). Aluminum acetate; used as a
dusting powder.

estoral (es'-to-ral). A colorless crystalline powder
composed of boric acid and menthol: used by in-
sufflation in chronic nasal catarrh.

estriasis, oestriasis (es-tri'-as-is) [CEstrus, a genus
of dipterous insects]. Myiasis due to the larva of
the CEstrus.

estrual (es'-tru-al) [olarpos, gad-fly]. Pertaining
to estruation.

estruation (es-tru-a' -shun) [estrum]. Sexual excite-
ment; the socalled heat of animals.

estrum, oestrum, estrus, oestrus (es'-trum, es'-trus)
[olffrpos, gadfly]. Sexual desire; the orgasm.

estuarium (es-tu-a'-re-um) [cestus, heat]. 1. A
vapor-bath; also a stove designed to apply warm, dry
air to all parts of the body at the same time. 2. A
tube through which a hot cautery-iron can be passed
to the part to be operated upon.

estuation (est-u-a'-shun) [cestus, heat]. Heat;
boiling; fever; a heated state.

esuritis (es-u-ri'-tis) [esuries, hunger]. Gastric
ulceration from inanition.

etat mamelonne (a'-tah mah-mel-on-a') [Fr.]. A
condition of the stomach in chronic gastritis in which
there is a projection of small elevations consisting of
hyperplastic mucous membrane.

etat vermoulu (a-tah var -moo-loo) [Fr., worm-eaten
state]. Irregular ulcerations found on the surface of
the brain in connection with advanced arterio-
sclerosis.

Eternod, sinus ensiformis of. A vascular loop
connecting the vessels of the chorion with the vessels
on the under aspect of the yolk-sac.

ethacol (elh'-ak-ol). The ethyl morphine salt of
guaiacol-sulphonic acid.

ethanol (eth'-an-ol). See alcohol (2).

ethene (eth' -en). Same as ethylene, e. chloride,
C2H4CI2. Dutch liquid. An anesthetic resembling
chloroform, but less dangerous.

etheogenesis (e-the-o-jen'-es-is) [ydeos, bachelor;
7£iwis, production]. Non-sexual reproduction by
male gametes of protozoa.

ether, aether (e'-ther) [alB-qp, the upper air].
1. The subtle fluid filling space and penetrating all
bodies, the medium of transmission of light, heat,
electricity, and magnetism. 2. A compound formed
hypothetically from H2O by the substitution of two
alcohol radicals for the H. 3. Diethylic oxide
(C2H5)20, a thin, colorless, volatile, and highly in-
flammable liquid. The ether of the U. S. P. contains
96 % by weight of absolute ether and about 4 % of
alcohol containing a little water; its specific gravity
at 15° C. is 0.725-0.728. Its chief use is as an
anesthetic, it being less dangerous than chloroform.
It is also employed as a cardiac stimulant in sudden
heart-failure and as a carminative. Dose by the
mouth 30 min.-2 dr. (2-8 Cc.) in ice-water. Syn.,
ethyl oxide; ethylic ether; sulphuric ether, e., acetic
(cether aceticus, U. S. P.), has properties like those of
ethylic ether. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc).
e., anesthetic. 1. A mixture of ether, 20 parts;
rhigolene, 80 parts; and petroleum ether, 80 parts;
it is used as a local anesthetic. 2. A mixture of
absolute alcohol and ether, each, 1 part, and petro-

leum ether, 4 parts, e., chloric, a mixture of chloro-
form and alcohol, e., chlormethylmenthyl-, C10 . -
H19— O . CH2CI, obtained from the action of formal-
dehyde upon menthol in the presence of hydrochloric
•acid. It is used in the treatment of catarrhal
affections of the air-passages. Syn., forman. e.,
compound anesthetic, a combination of equal parts
of rhigolene and anhydrous ethyl-ether employed as
a spray to produce local anesthesia, e. cone, an
apparatus used in the administration of ether.
e. drunkenness, intoxication produced by drinking
ether, e., ethylic. See ether (3). e., ethylmethyl,
CH3O . C2H5, obtained from sodium methylate by
the action of ethyl iodide; it is said to be an effectual
anesthetic, free from baleful effects, ae. fortior, the
ether of the U. S. P. e., hydriodic. See ethyl iodide.
e., hydrobromic, ethyl bromide. Dose 10 min.-i dr.
(0.65-4.0 Cc). e.-mentholchloroform, a combina-
tion of ether, 15 parts; chloroform, 10 parts; and
menthol, 1 part; it is used as an anesthetic spray.
e., methylethyl, C3H8O, a mixed ether composed of
one molecule of ethyl and one of methyl, combined
with one atom of oxygen. It is used as an anesthetic.
Syn., three-carbon ether, e., ozone, e., ozonic, e.,
ozonized, a mixture of ether, hydrogen peroxide,
and alcohol. It is used in diabetes and whooping-
cough. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) 3 times daily.
It is used also as a local antiseptic in scarlatina.
e., spirit of (spiritus cetheris, U. S. P.), a solution
of ether in twice its volume of alcohol, e., spirit of,
compound (spiritus cetheris compositus, U. S. P.).
See Hoffmann's anodyne, e., sulphurated, a mixture
of sulphur, 1 part; ether, 10 parts. It is used in
cholera in teaspoonful doses mixed with carbonated
water, e., sulphuric. See ether (3). e., terebin-
tbinated, a combination of ether, 4 parts, and oil of
turpentine, 1 or 2 parts. It is used in the treatment
of gall-stone. Dose 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). e.,
Wiggers' anesthetic. See ethyl chloride, poly-
chlorated.

ethereal (e-the'-re-al) [ether]. 1. Pertaining to the
ether. 2. Made of ether, as ethereal tinctures.
3. Volatile.

etheride (e'-ther-id). A comprehensive term for
any combination of formyl with a haloid.

etherification (e-ther-if-ik-a'-shun) [ether; facer e,
to make]. The formation of an ether from an
alcohol.

etherify (e-ther'-if-i) [ether; facer e, to make]. To
convert into ether.

etherin, etherine (e'-ther-in, -en). 1. A solid,
crystalline body, obtained from ethylene by distilla-
tion. 2. A toxin extracted in ether, by Auclair,
from tubercle bacilli. Syn., etherobacillin.

etherion (e-the'-re-on). A gas believed to exist in
the air, with a heat conductivity one hundred times
that of oxygen.

etherioscope (e-the'-re-o-skop) [ether; anoirtlv, to
examine]. An apparatus for estimating the pro-
portions of ether or of acetic acid to water in a given
solution.

etherism (e'-ther-izm). The phenomena produced
upon the animal economy by the administration of
ether.

etherization (e-ther-iz-a'-shun) [ether]. The ad-
ministration of ether to produce anesthesia. This is
effected by inhalation of the vapor.

etherize (e'-ther-iz) [ether]. To administer ether.

etherobacillin (e-ther-o-bas-il'-in). See etherin
(2).

etherochloroform (e-ther-o-klo'-ro-form). A mixture
of ether and chloroform employed in long-continued
anesthesia.

etheromania (e-ther-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ether; tiavia,
madness]. The mania for drinking ether; ether
intoxication.

etheryl (e'-ther-il). See ethylene.

ethics (eth'-iks) [-hdiKbs, moral]. The science of
human feelings, thoughts^ and actions relating to
duty or morality, e., medical, the duties a physician
owes to himself, his profession and his fellowmen.

ethidene (eth' -id-en) [ether], C2H4. Ethylidene, a
bivalent radical, e. chloride, e. dichloride, a color-
less fluid, tasting and smelling like chloroform. It
has been used as a general anesthetic. See under
anesthetic.

ethin, ethine (eth' -in, -en). See acetylene.

ethiomopemphigus (eth-e-o-mo-pem' -fe-gus) [Wifios,
accustomed; irkixfat, a pustule]. Continued or
habitual pemphigus.

ETHIONIC

344

ETIOLATION

ethionic (eth-e-on'-ik) [ethylene; deiov, sulphur].
Made up of ethylene and a sulphur compound.

ethiopification (e-the-op-if-ik-a'-shun) [aldlo\p, an
Ethiopian; facer e, to make]. A darkening of the
skin such as sometimes results from the misuse of
mercurial, silver or arsenical remedies.

ethmocarditis {eth-mo-kar-di'-tis) [t/0m6s, a sieve;
Kapdla, heart; ira, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the connective tissue of the heart.

ethmocephalus (eth-mo-sef-al-us) [r^/ios, a sieve;
Ke<t>a\ri, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters
in which there is a rudimentary nose in the shape of a
proboscis terminating anteriorly in two imperfect
nostrils or in a single opening.

ethmocranial (eth-mo-kra'-ne-al) [ethmoid; Kpavlov,
skull]. Relating to the ethmoid and to the rest of
the cranium.

ethmodermitis (eth-mo-derm-i'-tis) [yOfios, a sieve;
Skpfia, the skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the connective tissue of the skin.

ethmofrontal (eth-mo-frun'-tal) [ethmoid; frontal].
Relating to the ethmoid and frontal bones.

ethmoid (eth'-moid) [vQfios, a sieve; elSos, like-
ness], i. The sieve-like bone of the nose, perforated
for the transmission of the olfactory nerve; it forms
a part of the base of the skull. 2. Relating to the
ethmoid bone.

ethmoidectomy (eth-moi-dek'-to-me) [ethmoid; in-
Tonri, excision]. 1. Excision of the ethmoid cells. 2.
Excision of part of the ethmoid bone.

ethmoiden (eth-moi'-den) . Belonging to the
ethmoid bone in itself.

ethmoiditis (eth-moi-di'-tis) [ethmoid; trts, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the ethmoid bone or of
the ethmoid sinuses.

ethmoidofrontal (eth-moid-o-frunt'-al). Relating to
the ethmoid and frontal bones.

ethmolacrimal (eth-mo-lak'-rim-al). Relating to
the junction of the ethmoid and lacrimal bones.

ethmopalatine (eth-mo-pal'-a-tin). Relating to the
ethmoid and palatal bones, area, or cartilage.

ethmophlogosis (eth-mo-flo-go'-sis). See cellulitis.

ethmoplecosis (eth-mo-ple-ko'-sis) [ydfios, sieve;
irXeKew, to twine]. Any disease attacking the cellu-
lar tissue.

ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe'-noid). Relating to the
ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

ethmoturbinal {eth-mo-tur' -bin-al). Relating to
the turbinal portions of the ethmoid bone, forming
what are known as the superior and middle turbinated
bones.

ethmovomerine (eth-mo-vo'-mer-in). Relating to
the ethmoid bone and the vomer.

ethmyphitis (eth-mif-i'-tis). See cellulitis.

ethnic (eth-nik) [Wvos, a race]. Pertaining to
race. e. idiocy. See idiocy, ethnic.

ethnography (eth-nog'-ra-fe) [Wvos, nation; ypa<f>kv,
to write]. A description of the races of men.

ethnology (eth-nol'-o-je) [fflpos, a nation; Xoyos,
science]. The comparative study of the races of
mankind.

ethoxide (eth-oks'-id) , R . O . C2H5. A compound
of ethyl, oxygen, and a radical or element; an ethylate.

ethoxycaffeine (eth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), C10H14N4O3. A
remedy recommended in herpes zoster and migraine.
Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.).

ethyl (eth'-il) [ether; 8X17, matter]. The alcohol
radical, C2H5. Syn., deutyl. e.-acetanilide, C10H13-
NO, obtained from ethyl, anilin, and acetyl chloride
by heating. It is analgesic and antipyretic. Syn.,
acetethylanilide. e.-alcohol, ordinary alcohol of the
pharmacopeia. See under alcohol, e. bisulphide,
C4H10S2, a highly inflammable, colorless, oily liquid
with odor of garlic; soluble in alcohol, ether, and
chloroform; slightly soluble in water, e. bromide,
C2H5Br, a rapid and transient anesthetic; internally
it has been recommended as a soporific in doses of
5-20 min. (0.3-1.3 Cc.) greatly diluted with ice-
water. Syn., bromethyl ; monobromethane. See under
anesthetic, e. carbamate (cethylis carbamis, U. S. P.),
urethane. e. carbonate. C5H10O2, an inflammable,
colorless, fragrant liquid, soluble in alcohol and ether,
boils at 1260 C; sp. gr., 0.999 at o° C. e.-chloral-
ur ethane. See somnal. e. chloride (cethylis chloridum,
U. S. P.), C2H5CI, an anesthetic resembling chloro-
form in action, e. chloride, polychlorated, a com-
bination of chlorinated ethyl chloride; a clear, color-
less liquid, with aromatic odor, miscible in alcohol
and ether. It is a local anesthetic and irritant.
e. formate, C3H6O2, a colorless liquid with fragrance

of peach-kernels, soluble in ether, water, and alcohol.
It is hypnotic and analgesic. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).
Syn., formic ether, e. hydrate, ordinary alcohol.
e. hydrocupreine, a derivative of quinine with the
formula Q9H22N2OH.O.C2H5. It is supposed to
have a specific influence on the pneumococcus.
e. iodide, C2H5I, hydriodic ether, used to relieve the
dyspnea of bronchitic asthma and edematous laryn-
gitis. Dose to be inhaled 5 min. (0.32 Cc.) 3 or 4
times daily, e. lactate, C5H10O3, a yellowish or
colorless limpid liquid, soluble in water; it is hypnotic
and sedative. Dose 8-16 min. (0.5-1 Cc). e.
nitrite, C2H5NO2, a very volatile, inflammable,
ethereal liquid; it is used in alcoholic solution and
called sweet spirit of niter, e. oxide. See ether (3).
e.-pyoktanin, is recommended in surgery and oph-
thalmology as more active than ordinary pyoktanin.
e. sulphide, CsHioS, an oily liquid with an odor of
garlic, soluble in alcohol; melts at 93° C; sp. gr.,
0.837 at 200 C. e. thiocarbimid, C3H5NS; it is used
as a local irritant in rheumatism, etc. Syn., ethyl
mustard oil. e. valerate, C7H14O2, a reaction-product
of sodium isovalerate, alcohol, and sulphuric acid;
it is antispasmic and sedative. Dose 1-2 min. (0.06-
0.12 Cc.) several times daily. Syn., isovaleric ether.

ethylamine {eth-iV -am-en) [ethyl; amin], C2H7N.
A ptomaine found in putrefying yeast, e. urate, a
remedy for gout and vesical calculi.

ethylate (eth'-il-at). A compound of ethylic
alcohol in which the H of the hydroxyl is replaced
by a base.

ethylation {eth-il-a' -shun) . The act or process of
combining with ethyl.

ethylchloralurethane {eth-il-klo-ral-u'-reth-an) .

Same as somnal.

ethylene (eth'-il-en) [ethyl], defiant gas, C2H4.
A colorless, poisonous gas which burns with a bright,
luminous flame, and when mixed with air explodes
violently. 1 1 is one of the constituents of illuminating
gas. e. bichloride, e. chloride. See ethene chloride.
e. bromide, a light, brownish-colored liquid with the
formula C2H4Br2. It has been used in epilepsy.
Dose f-2 min. (0.05-0.13 Cc). e. chloride, mono-
chlorinated, C2H3CI3, a colorless liquid with pleasant
odor, obtained from vinyl chloride by action of
antimony pentachloride ; it is used as an anesthetic.
Syn., monochlor ethylene chloride; vinyl trichloride.
e.-guaiacol. See guaiacol ethylenate.

ethylenediamine {eth-il-en-di'-a-min). A non-
poisonous base isomeric with ethylidenediamine; a
solvent of albumin and fibrin, used in diphtheria.
e.-cresol, a colorless liquid used as a wound anti-
septic, e.-tricresol, a mixture of ethylenediamine,
10 parts; tricresol, 10 parts; distilled water, 500
parts; it is used as an antiseptic in 0.1 to 1 % solu-
tion. Syn., kresamin.

ethylenethenyldiamine (eth-il-en-eth-en-il-di' -am-
in). See lysidin.

ethylenimid, ethylenimin {eth-il-en-im'-id, -in).
1. See piperazin. 2. C2H5N. A non-poisonous base
found in cholera cultures and believed to be identical
with spermin.

ethylic (eth-iV-ik). Relating to or obtained from
ethyl, e. alcohol, ethyl-alcohol, e. aldehyde, acetic
aldehyde, e. ether. See ether (3).

ethylidene {eth-iV -id-en) . See ethidene.

ethylidenediamine (eth-il-id-en-di'-a-min), C2H4,
(NH2)2. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from decom-
posing haddock. Injections into mice and guinea-
pigs produce hypersecretion from mouth, nose, and
eyes, mydriasis, exophthalmos, great dyspnea, and
death.

ethylism (eth'-il-izm). Poisoning by ethyl alcohol.

ethylization (eth-il-i-za'-shun). The induction of
the physiological effects of ethyl bromide.

ethylize (eth'-il-iz). To anesthetize with ethyl
bromide.

ethylol (eth'-il-ol). Ethyl chloride.

ethylphenylcarbamate, ethylphenylurethane {eth-
il-fen-il-kar'-ba-mat, -u' -re-than) . See euphorin.

ethylthallin (eth-n-thal'-in). An antipyretic com-
pound derived from phenol.

ethylurethane {eth-il-u'-reth-an). See urethane.

etiolate (e'-te-o-lat) [F., etioler, to blanch]. In
biology, to blanch or be whitened by the exclusion of
light.

etiolation (e-te-o-la'-shun) [Fr., etioler, to blanch].
1. The paleness or blanching, in plants or animals,
from confinement in darkness. 2. Pallor in patients,
following a long illness.

ETIOLOGICAL

345

EULATIN

etiological, etiologic (e-te-o-loj'-ik-al, e-te-ol-oj'-ik).
Pertaining to etiology.

etiology (e-te-ol'-o-je) [atria, a cause; \6yos, sci-
ence], i. The causation of disease. 2. The science
of the causes of the phenomena of life and their
relation to physical laws in general.

etionymous, aetionymous (e-te-on'-im-us) [alrla,
a cause; 6wp.a, name]. A term derived from the
name of a cause; it is applied to diseases; e. g., alco-
holism, lead-colic.

etrotomy (e-trot'-o-me) [f/rpov, belly; to/xi?, sec-
tion]. _ A name proposed for pelvic section.

eubiol (u'-be-ol). A preparation of hemoglobin.

eubiose (u'-be-os). A highly concentrated pro-
prietary hematogenous substance.

eucaine (u'-ka-in, or u-kan'). The commercial
name for a local anesthetic used as a substitute for
cocaine, o-e., e. a, alpha-e., C19H27NO4 . HC1 +H2O, a
benzoyl-meta-methyltetramethyl-para-oxypiperidin-
carboxylicmethylester, occurring in glossy prisms
melting at 1040 C. The hydrochloride is used. Ap-
plication to nose or throat, 5 to 10 % solution; dental
surgery, 10 % solution. 0-e., e. b, beta-e., C15H21-
NO2 . HC1, benzoyl vinyldiacetonalkamine hydro-
chloride; white crystals soluble in 3 J parts of water,
melting at 263 ° C. It is used in 2 % solution in
dental surgery as more active and less toxic than
cocaine, for which it is used as a substitute. /3-e.
acetate, recommended for use in ophthalmology.

eucalyptene (u-kal-ip' '-ten) , C10H16. A hydro-
carbon from eucalyptol; the hydrochloride is used
as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.33-
2.0 Gm.). e. hydrochloride. See eucalypteol.

eucalypteol (u-kal-ip' -te-ol), C10H162HCI. It is
used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 24 gr. (1.6
Gm.) daily. Children, 4-12 gr. (0.26-0.78 Gm.)
daily. Syn., terpilene dihydrochloride.

eucalyptol (u-kal-ip' -tol) [eucalyptus], CioHisO.
A neutral principle obtained from the volatile oil of
Eucalyptus globulus and of some other species of
Eucalyptus. It is used in bronchitis and malaria,
and also in ear diseases and in urethritis, and ex-
ternally in various liniments and washes. Dose 5-10
min. (0.32-0.65 Cc), in capsules, 3 times daily.

eucalyptus (u-kal-ip' -tus) [ev, well; KaXvirreiv, to
cover]. The leaves of E. globulus, native to Austra-
lia, but now cultivated in California. It contains a
volatile oil from which eucalyptol is obtained. The
properties largely depend on the volatile oil. Eucal-
yptus has been used as an antiseptic, as a stimulant
to mucous membranes, as an antispasmodic in
asthma, in migraine, and, with doubtful success in
malaria. E. rostrata is recommended in sea-sickness.
Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily, e., fluid-
extract of (fluid extr actum eucalypti, U. S. P.). Dose
30 min. (2 Cc). e., oil of (oleum eucalypti, U. S. P.),
the volatile oil. Dose 5 min. (0.32 Cc.) in capsules
or emulsion, e., ointment of (unguentum eucalypti,
B. P.), contains 20 % of the oil.

eucanthus (u-kan' -thus) [ev, expressive of great-
ness; canthus]. Any enlargement of the fleshy
papilla at the inner canthus of the eye.

eucasin (u'-ka-sin). A casein food-preparation
soluble in warm water, obtained by pouring ammonia
over casein.

eucasol (u'-kas-ol). Soluble eucalyptolanytol, a
preparation containing 25 per cent, of eucalyptol;
it is used in dental surgery.

euchinin (u'-kin-in), C2H5O . CO . OC20H23O. An
ethylcarbonic ester of quinine. It is used in whoop-
ing-cough, pneumonia, malaria, etc. Dose 15-30
gr. (1-2 Gm.).

euchlorhydria (u-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [ev, well; x^upfc,
green; Mwp.water]. The presence of a normal,
amount of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

euchlorine (u-klor'-in) [ev, well; x^wpos, green].
1. Chlorine protoxide, an antiseptic. 2. A mixture
of potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid; it is
used as a spray and gargle in diphtheria.

eucholia (u-ko'-le-ah) [ev, well; x°^y, bile]. Normal
condition of the bile.

euchromatopsia (u-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [el, well;
xpuna, color; oi^is, sight]. Capacity for correct
recognition of colors.

euchylia (u-ki'-le-ah) [ei>, well; x^Xos, the chyle].
A normal condition of the chyle.

euchymia (u-ki'-me-ah) [ev, well; xw*°s» juice].
A healthy condition of the fluids of the body.

eucinesia, eukinesia (u-kin-e'-se-ah) [ei>, well;
KiVijcm, motion]. Normal power of movement.

eucol (u'-kol). A combination of eucalyptol,
santal oil, cubeb, oleoresin, creosote, and cod-liver
oil; it is used in bronchitis and pulmonary consump-
tion.

eucrasia (u-kra'-she-ah) [ev, well; Kpaau, combi-
nation]. A healthy condition of the blood or general
system; a condition of diminished susceptibility to
disease.

eucrasic (u-kra'-sik) [see eucrasia]. 1. In as con-
dition of good health. 2. Opposed to dyscrasia or
capable of bettering it.

eucyesia, eucyesis (u-si-e'-ze-ah, u-si-e'-sis) [ev,
well; tcvrjais, pregnancy]. Normal pregnancy.

eudermol (u-der'-mol). The proprietary name of
nicotine salicylate; used as an ointment in the treat-
ment of skin diseases.

eudesmin (u-dez'-min), C26H30O8. A substance
found in the kino of Eucalyptus hemiphloia.

eudiemorrhysis, eudiaemorrhysis (u-di-em-or'-is-is)
[ev, well; 5td, through; alua, blood; piiais, a flowing].
The normal flowing of the blood through the capil-
laries. _

eudiaphoresis (il-di-af-o-re'-sis) [ev, well; dia-
phoresis]. A healthy condition of perspiration.

eudiometer (u-de-om'-et-er) [evdla, calm weather;
nerpov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining
the purity of the air, and for the analysis of gases.

eudiometry (u-di-om'-et-re). See analysis, gaso-
metric.

eudosmol (u-doz'-mol), CioHieO. A crystalline
camphor obtained from various species of eucalyptus.

eudoxin (u-doks'-in). The proprietary name of the
bismuth salt of tetraiodophenolphthalein (nosophen) ;
it is used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 3-8 gr.
(0.2-0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily.

eudrenin (u-dren'-in). Trade name of. a local
anesthetic composed of eucaine and adrenalin.

euesthesia (u-es-ihe' -ze-ah) [ev, well; aladriais,
sensation]. The sense of well-being; vigor and
normal condition of the senses.

euformol (u-form'-ol). A proprietary antiseptic
containing oils of eucalyptus and wintergreen,
thymol, menthol, boric acid, extract of wild indigo,
and formaldehyde.

eugallol (u-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol monoacetate; it is
used in skin diseases, applied with a brush to the
affected part, being a powerful inflammatory irritant
upon healthy skin.

eugatol (u'-gat-ol). A solution of sodium para-
amino-diphenylamine monosulphate and of ortho-
amino-phenol-sulphate. Used as a hair-dye.

eugenesis (u-jen'-es-is) [ev, well; y'eveai.%, genera-
tion]. In biology, fertility.

Eugenia (u-je'-ne-ah) [after Prince Eugene,^ of
Savoy]. A genus of trees and shrubs, mostly tropical,
among which are E. caryophyllata, which yields
caryophyllus, and E. pimenta, which produces
pimenta.

eugenic acid_ (u-jen'-ik). See eugenol.

eugenics (u-jen'-iks) [evyevrjs, well-born]. The
science of generative or procreative development.
The doctrine of progress of humanity through im-
proved conditions in the relations of the sexes.

eugenin (u'-jen-in). See caryophyllus.

eugenoform (u-jen'-o-form). The sodium salt of
eugenolcarbinol ; it is an antiseptic and bactericide.
Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.).

eugenol (u'-jen-ol), C10H12O2. Eugenic acid; a
phenol-like compound that occurs in clove-oil and
in allspice, and is convertible into vanillin. It is
used as an antiseptic and as a local anesthetic in
dentistry. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) well diluted, e.-
acetamide, O2H15O3N, used in the form of a fine
powder as a local anesthetic and wound antiseptic.

euglobulin (u-glob'-u-lin). A protein which with
pseudoglobulin forms serum-globulin.

eugoform (u' -go-form). A fine, insoluble powder,
recommended as a dusting-powder or in ointments
(2.5 to 10 %) in skin diseases. Syn., acetylized
guaiacol-methylene.

eukinesia (u-kin-e'-se-ah). See eucinesia.

eulachon oil, or eulachoni oleum (u'-lak-on, or
u-lak-o'-ni o'-le-um) [native name in North Pacific
Islands]. Candle-fish oil. The oil of the fish
Thaleichlhys pacificus, or candle-fish. It is less
disagreeable than cod-liver oil, for which it is often
substituted. Dose 5 j-iv.

eulactol (u-lak'-tol). A dietetic preparation of
milk and eggs.

eulatin (u'-lat-in). A proprietary compound of

EULEXIN

346

EURYGNATHUS

antipyrine with amidobenzoic and bromobenzoic
acid.

eulexin (u-leks'-in). A proprietary remedy for
diabetes mellitus; it is said to consist of jambul,
Paraguay tea, cascara sagrada, aromatics, and
glycerol. Dose 16 min.-2 dr. (1-8 Cc.) every 4
hours.

eulyptol (u-lip'-tol). An antiseptic preparation
composed of salicylic acid, 6 parts; phenol and
essence of eucalyptus, of each, 1 part.

eulysin (u'-lis-in). A greenish-yellow resin found
with bilin in bile.

eumenol (u'-men-ol). A nontoxic fluid extract
of Aralia cordata, of China and Japan. It is said
to be an efficient emmenagogue. Dose 1 teaspoonful
(S Cc.) 3 times daily.

eumetria (u-met'-re-ah) [ev, well; ukrpov, measure].
The exact quantity of muscular effort which is re-
quired to accomplish a definite result.

eumictin (u-mik'-tin). Preparation of santol,
salol, and uro tropin; used as a remedy for gonorrhea.

eumycetes (u-mi-se'-tez) [ev, well; /jlvktjs, fungus].
Same as hyphomycetes.

eumydrin (u-mid'-rin). Trade name of atropine
methylnitrate, a white powder, used as a mydriatic
and also to control the night-sweats of phthisis.

eunatrol (u-nat'-rol). Oleate of sodium, recom-
mended as a cholagogue. Dose 15 gr (1 Gm.) twice
daily.

eunoia (u-noi'-ah) . [ev, well ; vovs, mind]. Normal
condition of mind and will.

eunol (u'-nol). A preparation of naphthols and
eucalyptols used in the treatment of skin diseases.

eunuch (u'-nuk) [ewovxos, guardian of the couch].
A male whose genital organs have been removed or
mutilated so as to render him impotent.

eunuchism (u'-nuk-izm). The condition of being
a eunuch.

eunuchoid (u'-nuk-oid) [eunuch; elSos, resembling].
Having the characteristics of a eunuch.

eunuchoidism (u' ' -nuk-oid-izm) [eunuchoid]. Eu-
nuchism in which the testicles are present, but their
internal secretion is absent.

euonymin (u-on'-im-in). A precipitate from the
tincture of euonymus; it is tonic, laxative, and
expectorant. Dose §-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.).

euonymit (.u-on'-im-it). See dulcitol.

euonymus (u-on'-im-us) [ev6>wp.os, having a good
name]. Wahoo; the bark of E. atropurpurea a mild
purgative and cholagogue. e., extract of (extractum
euonymi, U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.).
e., fluidextract of {fluidextr actum euonymi, U. S. P.).
Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc).

eupareunia (u-par-u'-ne-ah) [ev, well; irapewos,
spouse]. Sexual compatibility.

eupathia (u-path'-e-ah) [ev, well; iraOos, feeling].
1. Euphoria. 2. Normal sensation. 3. Sensitiveness
to impressions.

eupatorin (u-pat-o'-riri). 1. A precipitate from
the tincture of thorough wort, Eupatorium perfoliatum ;
it is aperient, emetic, febrifuge and tonic. Dose 1 to
3 grains. 2. A crystalline glucoside from Eupatorium
cannabinum of Europe. See also Eupurpurin.

Eupatorium (u-pat-o'-re-um) [evwarbpiov, agri-
mony]. A genus of composite-flowered plants.
The leaves and flowering tops of E. perfoliatum,
thoroughwort or boneset. It is a bitter tonic,
diaphoretic, and feeble emetic. Dose of the powdered
leaves 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). e., fluidextract of
{fluidextr actum eupatorii, U. S. P.). Dose 10 min.-
1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc).

eupepsia (u-pep'-se-ah) [ev, well; ■weirTeiv, to digest].
Sound or normal digestion.

eupeptic (u-pep'-tik) [ev, well; ireirreiv, to digest].
Possessing a good digestion; promoting digestion.

euperistalsis (u-per-is-tal'-sis) [ev, well; peristalsis].
The quiet peristaltic movements of the intestines in
health. See peristalsis.

euphonia (u-fo'-ne-ah) [ev, well; ^co^, voice]. A
normal, good, and clear condition of the voice.

Euphorbia (u-for'-be-ah). A genus of trees, shrubs
and herbs, yielding a milky juice. E. corollata,
E. ipecacuanha, American species, have been em-
ployed in medicine on account of their emetic,
diaphoretic, and expectorant properties. E. pilu-
lifera, of South America and Australia, is used in
asthma and bronchitis. E. resinifera, of Africa,
affords euphorbium. Dose of the extract 1 gr.
(0.065 Gm.); of the fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc);
of the tincture \-i dr. (2-4 Cc).

euphorbin (u-for'-bin). A precipitate from a
tincture of the root of Euphorbia corollata ; it is an
emetic, expectorant, vermifuge and arterial sedative.
Dose i to 3 grains.

euphorbism (u-forb'-izm). Poisoning by means
of species of Euphorbia ; it is marked by acute inflam-
mation of the digestive tract and asphyxia.

euphorbium (fi-for'-be-um). An acrid gum-resin
obtained from Euphorbia resinifera. It is strongly
purgative and vesicant, and is now mainly employed
in veterinary medicine.

euphorbon (u-forb'-on), C13H22O. A neutral
substance found as a constituent of euphorbium.

euphoria (u-for'-e-ah) [ev<f>opos, easily carried].
The sense of well-being; health.

euphoric (u-for'-ik). Marked by or pertaining to
euphoria.

euphorin (u'-for-in) [see euphoria], C9O2H11.
Phenylurethane, a white, crystalline powder derived
from anilin. It is recommended as an analgesic and
antipyretic in neuralgia and rheumatism. Dose
5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.) daily.

euphthalmin (uf -thai' -min) [ev, well; 6<}>da\n6s,
the eye], C16H25NO3HCI. The hydrochloride of the
mandelic acid derivative of /3-eucaine; it is used as a
mydriatic in 2 to 10 % solutions.

euplastic (u-plas'-tik) [ev, well; ir\acraeu>, to form].
Capable of being transformed into healthy tissue.

eupnea, eupncea (up-ne'-ah) [ev, well; irvelv, to
breathe]. Normal or easy respiration.

euporphine (u-por'-fen). Apomorphine bromo-
methylate; it is used similarly to apomorphine
hydrochloride.

eupurpurin {it-pur' -pu-rin) [ev, well; purpura,
purple]. A precipitate from the tincture oiiEupa-
torium purpureum ; it is diuretic, stimulant, astringent,
and tonic. Dose 1 to 4 grains.

eupyrexia (u-pi-reks'-e-ah) [ev, well; irvp, fire].
A slight rise of temperature in the beginning of an
infection.

eupyrine (u-pi'-ren). A compound of vanillin-
ethyl carbonate and paraphenetidin; used as an
antipyretic. Dose, adults, 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.);
children, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.).

euquinine (u-kwin'-en). Quininethylcarbonate, a
crystalline, tasteless compound. Dose 5-30 gr.
(0.32-2.0 Gm.). •

euresol (u'-re-sol). The commercial name of
resorcinol monacetate; dissolved in acetone it is
recommended in skin diseases.

eurobin (u'-ro-bin). The commercial name of
chrysarobin triacetate; it is insoluble in water, but
dissolves freely in acetone, chloroform, and ether.
It is used in a 2 to 3 % ointment in skin diseases.

eurodontia (u-ro-don'-she-ah) [evpws, decay; 65oDs,
a tooth]. Dental caries.

europhen {u'-ro-fen). Diisobutylorthocresol iodide,
an amorphous yellow powder, recommended as a,
substitute for iodoform. It is used hypodermatically
in doses of i-i| gr. (0.016-0.09 Gm.) in syphilis.

europisocephalus (u-ro-pis-o-sef -al-us) [evpvs,
broad; oirurw, behind; Ke<j>a\i], the head]. Having the
skull broad in the occipital region.

europium (u-ro'-pe-um). The provisional name
given to a supposed new element. The atomic
weight is 152 and it lies midway between gadolinum
and samarium.

europrocephalus (u-ro-pro-sef -al-us) [evpvs, broad;
irpo, in front; Ke<f>a\ri, the head]. Having a skull
broad in front.

eurybin (u' -re-bin). A yellowish, bitter, amorphous
powder, soluble in water and alcohol, obtained from
Olearia moschata.

eurycephalic, eurycephalous (u-ris-ef-al'-ik, u-ris-
ef '-al-us) [evpvs, wide; Ke<j>a\i), head]. Broadheaded;
having a very wide skull.

eurychasmus (u-rik-az'-mus) [evpvs, broad; xo-^fia,
a chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the
angle formed between the lines joining the joint of
the wing of the vomer and posterior nasal spine and
anterior margin of the foramen magnum is between
1530 and 154°-

eurygenesis (u-re-jen'-es-is) [evpvs, broad; ykveais,
origin]. The theory of the origin of a species by
gradual amelioration of a race of precursors having a
wide-spread or cosmopolitan distribution.

eurygnathism (u-re-nath'-izm). The condition of
having large jaws.

eurygnathus, eurygnathous (u-re-nath'-us) [evpvs,
broad; yvados, jaw]. Large-jawed.

EURYNTER

347

EVOLUTION

eurynter (u-rint'-er) [evpvveiv, to dilate]. An
instrument used in dilating. Cf. colpeurynter.

euryon (u'-re-on) [evpvs, broad]. The cranio-
metric point at the end of the greatest transverse
diameter of the skull.

eurysma (u-riz'-mah) [evpvvetv, to dilate], i. Dilata-
tion. 2. A structure which has undergone dilatation.

eurythermal (u-rith-er'-mal) [evpvs, wide; depn-q,
heat]. Capable of sustaining a great range of
temperature.

eurythermic (u-re-ther'-mik) [evpvs, broad; Qepiit),
heat]. Referring to bacteria capable of growing
through a wide range of temperature.

eurythrol (u-rith'-rol) . An extract from the spleen
of oxen, having a honey-like consistence and of
aromatic taste and odor. Dose i to 2 teaspoonfuls
in soup daily.

eusapyl (u'-sa-pil). A solution of chlormetacresol
in potassium ricinoleate; it is used as a disinfectant,
and as an antiseptic wash.

euscopol (u'-sko-pol). Proprietary name for
scopolamine hydrobromide.

eusemia (u-se'-me-ah) [ev, well; <rrjp.a, a sign]. A
favorable sign or prognostic.

eusemin (u'-se-min). A local anesthetic composed
of cocaine and adrenalin, used in ophthalmic practice.

Eustachian artery (u-sta'-ke-an) [Bartolomeo
Eustachio, Italian anatomist, 1500-1574]- i- A
branch of the Vidian artery. 2. A branch of the
pterygopalatine artery. E. catheter, an instrument
for examining, distending, or making applications to
the Eustachian tube. E. muscle, the laxator tym-
pani. E. tube, a canal, partly bony and partly carti-
laginous, connecting the pharynx with the tympanic
cavity. E. valve, the fold of the lining membrane
of the right auricle of the heart, situated between
the opening of the inferior vena cava and the auri-
culoventricular orifice.

eustachitis (u-sta-ki'-tis). Inflammation of the
Eustachian tube.

eustachium (u-sta'-ke-um). The Eustachian tube.

eustenin (us'-ten-in). The double salt of theo-
bromine sodium and sodium iodide; it is used in arteri-
osclerosis and angina pectoris.

Eustrongylus (u-stron' -jil-us) [ev, well; o-rpoyyv\os,
round]. A genus of parasitic nematode worms.
E. gigas, the largest of the parasitic nematodes. Its
habitat is the kidney. It is met in many of the lower
animals and rarely in man. The symptoms arising
from its presence resemble those of renal abscess
or calculus. The finding of the eggs in the urine is
the most important diagnostic consideration. Oil of
turpentine may cause migration of the worm, but
extirpation is indicated.

eusystole (u-sis'-to-le) [ev, well; avaroXri, con-
traction]. A normal contraction of the cardiac
cavities.

eutaxia (u-taks'-e-ah) [ev, well; regis, order]. A
normal condition of the body.

eutectic (u-tek'-tik) [ev, well; rUreLv, to produce].
1. Well combined; stable; applied to a chemical
combination which, in passing from a liquid to a
v solid state, acts as a simple body, maintaining a
constant temperature and its constituent substances
remaining associated during solidification. 2. [ev,
well; rrjKeiv, to melt]. Melting easily; said of a
compound substance which has a lower fusing-point
than its constituents have separately. 3. A eutectic
substance.

eutexia (u-teks'-e-ah). 1. The condition of being
stable and well bcomined. 2. The quality of fusing
at a low temperature.

euthanasia (u-than-a'-ze-ah) [ev, well; Oavaros,
death]. 1. An easy or calm death. 2. The killing of
people who are suffering from an incurable or painful
disease.

euthenics (u-then'-iks) [evd-nvia, good state of the
body]. "The betterment of living conditions for the
purpose of securing efficient human beings; race im-
provement through environment in contrast with
eugenics which deals with race improvement through
heredity" (Ellen H. Richards).

euthermic (u-therm'-ik) [ev, well; B'epp.r\, heat].
Promoting warmth.

euthesia (u-the'-ze-ah) [ev, well: dkais condition].
Good constitution or state of health.

euthymia (u-thim'-e-ah) [ev, well; Ovp.bs, mind].
Tranquility; cheerfulness.

euthymol (u-lhi'-mol). A nontoxic liquid anti-
septic said to contain oils of eucalyptus and winter-

green, extract of wild indigo, boric acid, menthol,
and thymol. It is used as a spray or internally in
doses of 1 dr. (4 Cc.) in water 3 or more times
daily.

eutocia (u-to'-se-ah) [ev, well; tokos, child-birth].
Natural or easy childbirth; normal labor.

eutocous (u-to'-kus) [see eutocia], 1. Having an
easy delivery. 2. Prolific.

eutrichosis (u-trik-o'-sis) [ev, well; Opl£, hair].
A healthy, normal development of the hair.

eutrophic (u-tro'-fik) [ev, well; rp&peLv, to nourish].
Pertaining to eutrophy; promoting the nutritive
process; well-nourished; a drug to improve nutrition.

eutrophy, eutrophia (u'-tro-fe, u-tro' -fe-ah) [ev,
well; Tpecj>eLv, to nourish]. A state of normal or
healthy nutrition; the condition of being well nour-
ished.

evacuant (e-vak'-u-ant) [evacuare, to empty].
1. Emptying. 2. A medicine that causes the empty-
ing of an organ, especially the bowels; a purgative.

evacuation (e-vak-u-a' -shun) [evacuate]. 1. The
act of emptying, especially of the bowels. 2. That
which is evacuated.

evacuator ie-vak' -u-a-tor) [evacuate]. An agent to
produce emptying, especially an instrument for
removing from the bladder fragments of stone after
litholapaxy.

evagination (e-vaj-in-a'-shun) [e, out; vagina, a
sheath]. Protrusion from a sheath or invaginating
.structure. Cf. invagination.

evalvate (e-val'-vat) [evalvis, without valves].
Destitute of valves.

evaporation (e-vap-or-a'-shun) [e, out; vaporare,
emit vapor]. The conversion of a liquid into vapor.

evaporometer (e-vap-or-om'-et-ur) [evaporare, to
evaporate; y-erpov, measure]. An apparatus for the
study of the evaporation from cultivated plants and
soils under the influence of different conditions of
meteorology, soil, and culture.

evectics (e-vek'-tiks). An old name for hygiene;
the science of good healthy

evenimation, evenomation (e-ven-e-ma'-shun, -o-
ma'-shuri) [e, from; venom]. The process of counter-
acting the effects of a venom.

eventration (e-ven-tra'-shun) [e, out; venter, the
belly]. Protrusion of the abdominal viscera through
the abdominal walls.

eversion (e-ver'-shun) [eversio, a turning out].
A turning outward, e. of the eyelid, a folding of
the lid upon itself for the purpose of exposing the
conjunctival surface or sulcus. See also ectropium.

evidement (a-ved-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Splitting open
foci of disease. and scraping them clean with the sharp
curette.

evidence (ev' -id-ens) [evidens, clear]. In legal
medicine, the means by which the existence or non-
existence of the truth or falsehood of an alleged fact
is ascertained or made evident; proof, as of insanity.
e., circumstantial, evidence the conclusions based
upon which are beyond actual demonstration.
e., conclusive or positive, evidence that admits of
no doubt, e., expert, that given before a jury by
an expert in any science, art, profession, or trade.

eviration (ev-ir-a'-shun) [evirare, to castrate].
1. 'Castration. 2. Emasculation. 3. A form of sexual
perversion in which there is a deep and permanent
assumption of feminine qualities, with corresponding
loss of manly qualities. The opposite of this is
termed defemination.

evisceration (e-vis-er-a'-shun) [e, out; viscera, the
bowels]. The removal of the viscera, e. of the eye,
removal of the entire contents of the globe of the
eye, leaving the sclerotic intact, e., obstetrical, the
removal of the abdominal or thoracic viscera of the
fetus to facilitate delivery.

evisceroneurotomy (e-vis-er-o-nu-rot'-o-me). Evis-
ceration of the eye with division of the optic nerve.

evittate (e-vit'-at) [e, out; vitta, a band]. Destitute
of bands or stripes.

evolution (ev-o-lu'-shun) [evolvere, to unroll]. The
process of unfolding or developing from a simple to a
complex specialized, perfect form, e., spontaneous,
a series of changes whereby a shoulder presentation
is transformed within the pelvis into a combined
breech-and-shoulder presentation and delivery effec-
ted without artificial aid. e., threefold law of
(Huxley): (1) Excess of development of some parts
in relation to others. (2) Complete or partial
suppression of parts. (3) Coalescence of parts
usually distinct.

EVULSION

348

EXCISION

evulsion (e-vul'-shun) [evellere, to pluck out].
The forcible tearing or plucking away of a part.

Ewald's test-breakfast (a'-valt) [Carl Anton
Ewald, German physician, 1845- ]. A method
used in ascertaining the condition of the gastric
juice. It consists of 35 to 70 grams of white bread
and 300 Cc. of water, or a cup of weak tea without
milk or sugar. E.'s test for hydrochloric acid in
contents of stomach. Dilute 2 Cc. of a 10 % solu-
tion of potassium sulphocyanide and 0.5 Cc. of a
neutral solution of iron acetate to 10 Cc. with water.
This makes a ruby-red solution; if a few drops of it
are placed in a porcelain dish, and 1 or 2 drops of the
liquid to be tested are allowed to come in contact
with it, a faint violet cloud is observed in the presence
of HC1. On mixing, the color becomes brown.

Ewart's sign {yoo'-art) [William Ewart, English
physician, 1848- ]. In marked pericardial
effusion the left clavicle is so raised that the upper
border of the first rib can be felt with the finger as
far as the sternum.

ex (ex) [L. for out of]. A prefix denoting out of,
away from.

exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'-shun) [exacerbare, to be
violent]. An increase in the symptoms of a disease.

exalgin (eks-al'-jin) [e£, out; &\yos, pain], C9H11NO.
Methylacetanilide; a benzene derivative allied to
phenacetin. It is an analgesic and antipyretic in
doses of from I-4 gr. (0.032-0.26 Gm.).

exaltation (eks-awl-ta' -shun) [exaltatio, an uplifting].
1. Increase of functional activity. 2. Increase of
mental activity. 3. A morbid mental state charac-
terized by self-satisfaction, ecstatic joy, abnormal
cheerfulness, or optimism, or by delusions of grandeur.

examination (eks-am-in-a' -shun) . Investigation,
as for the purpose of diagnosis; it is variously quali-
fied as bimanual, digital, oral, physical, etc.

exangia, or exangeia (eks-an'-je-ah) [e£, out;
iyyelov, vessel]. Any dilatation or distention of a
blood-vessel, such as aneurysm, varix, or capillary
enlargement.

examination (eks-an-im-a' -shun) [ex, out; anima,
spirit]. Real or apparent death; fainting.

exanthema, exanthem (eks-an-the' -mah, eks-an'-
them) [l£avO-ona, eruption; pi., exanthemata, ex-
anthems]. 1. An eruption upon the skin. 2. Any
exanthematous or eruptive fever.

TABLE OF EXANTHEMATA.
cerebrospinal meningitis: Period of incubation,
unknown. Stage of invasion, sudden. Eruption,
second to fourth day. Character of eruption, herpes
labialis, purpuric spots, dusky erythema. Location,
herpes on lips; purpuric spots over entire body.
Duration of disease, variable; many sequels. Con-
valescence by lysis, erysipelas: Period of incubation,
few hours to 3 or 4 days. Stage of invasion, 1 to 3
days. Eruption, within 14 hours. Character of
eruption, bright-red, shining patches with well-
defined raised margin. Duration of eruption, 4 to 8
days. Location: Begins usually on face, may spread
to trunk and arms; in the traumatic form begins at
the wound. Desquamation, branny or in large flakes.
Disease lasts 1 to 3 weeks. Convalescence by crisis.
measles: Period of incubation, 10 to 12 days. Stage
of invasion, 4 days. Eruption, fourth day. Char-
acter of eruption, small dark-red papules arranged in
crescentic form; complete in 24 hours. Duration of
eruption, 4 to 5 days. Location, face; then down-
ward over body. Desquamation, branny, 8 to 11
days. Disease lasts 2 weeks. Convalescence by
crisis, rotheln: Period of incubation, 8 to 17 days.
Stage of invasion, 24 to 48 hours. Eruption appears
within 48 hours. Character of eruption, rose-colored,
rounded, discrete macules. Duration of eruption,
3 days. Location, face and scalp; then downward
over body. Desquamation, slightly branny. Disease
lasts 4 to 7 days. Convalescence by crisis, scar-
latina: Period of incubation, 1 to 21 days. Stage of
invasion, 1 to 2 days. Eruption appears within 24
hours. Character of eruption, diffuse, scarlet, punc-
tate. Duration of eruption, 7 to 10 days. Location,
neck, chest, face; then over body. Desquamation,
scales or large flakes about one week. Disease lasts
2 to 3 weeks. Convalescence by lysis, typhoid
fever: Period of incubation, 5 to 35 days. Stage of
invasion, 6 to 8 days. Eruption appears on seventh
day. Character of eruption, rose-colored, lenticular
spots, coming on in successive crops. Duration of
eruption, each crop 3 to 5 days. Continues 10 to 20

days or throughout the whole course of the fever.
Location, abdomen, chest, and back. Desquamation,
slightly branny or none. Disease lasts 3 to 4 weeks.
Convalescence by lysis, typhus fever: Period of
incubation, 4 to 12 days. Stage of invasion, 5 days.
Time of appearance, from the third to the seventh
day, usually the fifth day. Character of eruption,
dusky spots or papules or petechia?. Duration of
eruption, few days or throughout the course of the
disease. Location, sides of chest and abdomen,
arms, back. Desquamation, slightly branny. Dis-
ease lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Convalescence by crisis.
varicella: Period of incubation, 4 to 14 days. Stage
of invasion, 1 to 2 days. Time of appearance, from
12 to 24 hours. Character of eruption, vesicles in
crops. Duration of eruption, 5 to 8 days. Loca-
tion, back, chest, arms. Desquamation, crusts, 5 to 8
days. Disease lasts 2 weeks. Convalescence by lysis.
variola : Period of incubation, 8 to 14 days. Stage of
invasion, 3 days. Time of appearance, fourth day.
Character of eruption: first, shot-like papules, then
vesicles, then umbilicated pustules. Duration of
eruption, 21 to 25 days. Location, face and over
body. Desquamation, crusts, 12 to 22 days. Disease
lasts 4 to 5 weeks. Convalescence by lysis.

exanthematology (eks-an-them-at-oV -o-je) [exan-
them; Xoyos, science]. The science of the exanthe-
matous diseases.

exanthematous (eks-an-them'-at-us) [exanthem].
Of the nature of or characterized by exanthem or
eruption; of the nature of an eruptive fever.

exanthesis (eks-an-the' -sis) [e£avOr)<rt.s, a blossom-
ing: pi., exantheses], 1. The breaking out or the
appearance of an exanthem. 2. Any exanthematous
disease, e. rosalia arthrodynia. Synonym of dengue.

exanthropes (eks-an'-thropz) [e£, out of; avdpunros,
man]. Sources of disease originating externally.

exanthropia (eks-an-thro' -pe-ah) [e£, out; avQpotiros,
man]. Morbid dislike of human society.

exanthropic (eks-an-throp'-ik). Situated external
to the human body; relating to exanthropes. Syn.,
extraanthropic.

exarteritis (eks-ar-ter-i'-tis) [<=£, out; b.pri\pla, artery;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer
coat of an artery.

exarthrima (eks-ar-thrim'-ah) [e£, out; apdpov,
joint: pi., exarihrimata]. Luxation or dislocation of
a joint.

exarticulation (eks-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [ex; articulus,
joint]. 1. Dislocation of a joint. 2. Amputation at a
joint.

exasperate (eks-as'-per-at) [exasperare, to make
rough]. Rough; covered with sharp points.

excarnation (eks-kar-na' -shun) [ex; caro, flesh].
Separation of injected vessels from a contiguous part.

excavatio (eks-ka-va'-she-o) [L.]. Excavation.
e. papillae nervi optici, excavation of the papilla of
the optic nerve; see under excavation, e. rectou-
terina, rectouterine excavation, pouch of Douglas.
e. rectovesicalis, the fold of peritoneum hanging
down between the rectum and the bladder in the
male. e. vesicouterina, utero vesical pouch, the fold
of peritoneum hanging down between the bladder and
the uterus.

excavation (eks-kav-a'-shun) [excavare, to hollow
out]. A hollow or cavity, e. of the optic nerve, a
hollowing or "cupping" of the optic disc that may
be physiological, congenital, or pathological, the result
of glaucoma, optic atrophy, etc.

excavator (eks-kav-a'-tor) [excavare, to hollow out].
1. An instrument like a gouge or scoop used to
scrape away tissue. 2. A dental instrument for
opening and forming cavities and removing decayed
matter from them.

excentric (eks-sen'-trik) [ex, out; centrum, center].
1. See eccentric. 2. Out of the center or median
line. e. pains, radiating pains, symptomatic of spinal
disease, due to irritation of the posterior nerve-roots.
The pains are felt to be in the peripheral organs,
hence the name.

excerebration (eks-ser-e-bra'-shun) [ex, out; cere-
brum, brain]. The removal of the fetal brain in the
process of embryotomy.

excern (ek-sern1) [excernere, to sift out]. To
excrete.

excipient (ek-sip'-e-ent) [excipere, to take up].
Any substance combined with an active drug to give
the latter an agreeable or convenient form.

excision (ek-sizh'-un) [excisio, a cutting out].
The cutting out of a part.

EXCITABILITY

349

EXOCCIPITAL

excitability (ek-si-ta-bil'-it-e) [excitare, to rouse].
The property of reacting to a stimulus.

excitant (ek-si'-tant) [see excitability}, i. Stimulat-
ing. 2. A remedy that stimulates the activity of
an organ.

excitation (ek-si-ta'-shun) [see excitability]. The
act of stimulating or irritating, e., direct, the
stimulation of a muscle by placing an electrode on the
muscle itself, e., indirect, the stimulation of a
muscle through its nerve.

exciting (ek-si'-ting). Calling forth directly, as an
exciting cause.

excitoglandular {ek-si-to-gland'-u-lar). Arousing
or exciting glandular function.

excitometabolic (ek-si-to-met-ah-bol'-ik). Exciting
metabolic processes.

excitomotor (ek-si-to-mo'-tor). Exciting or arousing
motor function; also, a drug or agent that increases
the activity of the motor nerve-centers.

excitomuscular (ek-si-to-mus'-ku-lar). Exciting
muscular activity.

excitor (ek-si'-tor) [excitare, to rouse]. i. One
who or that which stimulates or excites. 2. A dis-
charger. 3. An electrode which, placed in contact
with a nerve, causes excitation.

excitosecretory (ex-si-to-se'-kre-to-re) . Tending to
produce secretion.

excitovascular {ex-si-to-vas'-ku-lar). Exciting vas-
cular changes; increasing the activity of the circu-
lation.

exclave (eks'-klav) [Fr.]. A detached portion of
any organ, as of a pancreas or ovary.

exclusion (eks-klu' -zhuri) [excludere, to shut out].
A shutting-out. e., diagnosis by, the reaching of a
diagnosis by excluding one hypothesis after another
until only one remains.

excochleation (eks-kok-le-a'-shun) [ex, out; cochlea,
shell, spoon]. Curetting, or scraping material out
of a cavity.

excoriation (eks-ko-re-a'-shun) [ex, from; corium,
the skin]. Abrasion of a portion of the skin.

excortication (eks-kor-tik-a'-shun). See decortica-
tion.

excrement (eks'-kre-ment) [excernere, to separate;
to excrete]. An excreted substance; the feces.

excrementitious (eks-kre-men-tish'-us). Pertaining
to excrement.

excrescence (eks-kres'-ens) [excrescere, to grow
out]. An abnormal outgrowth upon the body.

excreta (eks-kre'-tah) [excrete]. The natural dis-
charges of the body, particularly those of the bowel.

excrete (eks-kref). To remove useless substances
from the body.

excretin (eks'-kre-tin), C20H36O. A crystalline
substance found in feces.

excretion (eks-kre'-shun) [excrete]. 1. The discharge
of waste-products. 2. The matter so discharged.

excretory {eks'-kre-to-re) [excrete]. Pertaining to
excretion.

excursion (eks-kur'-shun) [ex, out of; currere, to
run]. 1. A wandering from the usual course.
2. The extent of movement, as of the eyes from a
central position.

excurvation (eks-kur-va'-shun) [ex; curvare, to
curve]. 1. Outward curvature. 2. A deformity of
the upper eyelid in which the tarsal cartilage becomes
turned outward.

exdermoptosis (eks-derm-op-to'-sis) [ex; Skp/xa, the
skin; htuhtls, a falling]. Hypertrophy of the seba-
ceous glands with retention of the secretion.

exedent (eks-e'-dent) [ex, out; edere, to eat].
Rodent; eating away the tissues.

exelcysmos (eks-el-sis'-mos) [i£, from; eXKveiv,
to draw]. Extraction, as of teeth.

exencephalocele (eks-en-sef'-al-o-sel) [«£, out;
iyntyakos, brain; /07X7J, hernia]. Cerebral hernia;
an exencephalous tumor; a mass of brain-substance
outside of the cranial cavity.

exencephalon (eks-en-sef'-al-on). Same as exen-
cephalus.

exencephalus (eks-en-sef-al-us) [ex; eyice<f>a\os,
brain]. A species of monsters characterized by
a malformed brain, situated without the cranial
cavity.

exenteration (eks-en-ter-a'-shun) [ex; ivrtpov, in-
testine]. 1. Removal of the intestine of the fetus,
to allow delivery. 2. Same as evisceration.

exenteritis (eks-en-ter-i'-tis) [&-, out; evrepov, bowel;
«t«, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer or
peritoneal coat of the intestine.

exercise (eks'-er-siz) [exercere, to keep busy].
Functional activity of the muscles; often applied to
such activity when its purpose is the preservation or
restoration of the health, e., active, that exerted
by the will of the patient, e. bones, rider's bones;
osseous growths occasionally found in the muscles.
e., passive, when the part is moved by another, or
acted upon, as in massage.

exeresis (eks-er'-es-is) [i£, out; alpkuv, to take].
Surgical removal, as by excision or extraction;
evacution.

exesion (eks-e'-shun) [exedere, to corrode]. The
gradual superficial destruction of organic parts,
particularly bone, in consequence of abscesses and
other destroying agencies.

exfetation (eks-fe-ta'-shun) [exfetatio]. Ectopic or
extrauterine fetation.

exflagellation (ex-flaj-el-a'-shun). The act of
extruding actively motile chromatin threads from
the body of a male malarial parasite.

exfoliation (eks-fo-le-a'-shun) [exfoliare, to shed
leaves]. The separation of bone or other tissue in
thin layers.

exhalant (eks-ha'-lant) [exhalare, to breathe out].
1. Serving for exhalation; exhaling. 2. A pore or
organ of exhalation.

exhalation {eks-hal-a'-shun) [exhalare, to breathe
out]. 1. The giving off of matters in the form of
vapor. 2. The vapor, etc., given off by the body
through the skin or lungs. 3. Expiration, or breath-
ing out.

exhauster (eg-zawst'-er) [exhaurire, to pour out].
An instrument for the removal of soft cataracts.

exhaustibility (eg-zawst-e-bil'-it-e). Capacity for
being exhausted, e., Faradic, the cessation of
excitability in a muscle under repeated stimulation.
Cf. reaction, myasthenic.

exhaustion (eg-zawst'-yun) [see exhauster]. 1. Loss
of vital and nervous power from fatigue or protracted
disease. 2. The pharmaceutical process of dissolving
out one or more of the constituents of a crude drug
by percolation or maceration, e., heat-, e., solar.
See insolation, e. hypothesis, Pasteur's theory that
immunity often afforded to the tissues by an attack
of infection or following vaccination against infection
is due to an abstraction from the tissues by the
organism concerned in the primary attack of some-
thing necessary to the growth of the infecting organ-
ism. It is opposed to the retention theory of Chau-
veau.

exhibit {ek-zib'-it) [exhibere, to give]. To ad-
minister, as a medicine.

exhibition (ek-zib-ish'-un) [exhibere, to give].
In legal medicine, the exposing of the genitalia in
public places. 2. The administration of a remedy.

exhibitionism (ek-zib-ish'-un-izm) [exhibere, to
give]. A perversion of the sexual feeling that leads
the patient to expose the genital organs.

exhibionist (ek-zib-ish'-un-ist) [exhibere, to give].
An insane person who wilfully and indecently exposes
the genitals.

exhilarant (ek-zil'-ar-ant) [exhilarare, to cheer].
An agent to enliven and cheer the mind. e. gas,
nitrous oxide gas.

exhumation (eks-hu-ma'-shun) [ex; humus, the
ground]. The removal of a corpse from the ground;
disinterment.

exinanition (eks-in-an-ish'-un) [exinanitio, an en-
feebling]. Excessive exhaustion.

Exner's plexus (eks'-ner) [Sigmund Exner, Austrian
physiologist, 1846- ]. A layer of nerve-plexuses,
probably formed by the junction of sensory and
motor fibers, in the cerebral cortex, near the surface.

exo- (eks-o-) [?£«, without]. A prefix meaning
without; outside.

exocardia (eks-o-kar'-de-ah) [exo-; KapSia, the
heart]. Displacement of the heart.

exocardiac, exocardial (eks-o-kar'-de-ak, -al) [exo-
cardia]. Originating or situated outside of the
heart.

exocarditis (eks-o-kar-di'-tis) [££, out; KapSia, heart;
vra, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer
surface of the heart. Also a synonym of pericarditis.

exocataphoria .(ex-o-kat-af-o'-re-ah) [exo-; cata-
phoria]. The condition in which the visual axis
turns outward and downward.

exoccipital (eks-ok-sip'-it-al) [ex, out; occiput].
Lying to the side of the foramen magnum, e. bone,
the neurapophysial or condyloid part of the occipital
bone, with which in adult life it is consolidated.

EXOCHORION

350

EXPERTNESS

exochorion {eks-o-ko'-re-on) [exo-; chorion]. The
external layer of the chorion.

exocolitis (eks-o-ko-li'-tis) [exo-; colon; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the outer or peritoneal
coat of the colon.

exocranium (eks-o-kra'-ne-um) [exo-; cranium].
The outer surface of the skull; the pericranium.

exocystis (eks-o-sist'-is) [exo-; kwttis, the bladder].
Prolapse of the urinary bladder.

exodic (eks-od'-ik) [exo-; 656s, a way]. Trans-
mitting impulses outward from the central nervous
system; efferent; centrifugal.

exodyne (eks'-o-din) [exo-; bSvvrj, pain]. A mix-
ture of acetanilide 90, sodium salicylate 5, and
sodium bicarbonate 5 ; it is used as an anodyne.

exogamy (ex-og'-am-e) [exo-; ya.fj.os, marriage].
Protozoan fertilization by the union of elements
derived from two unrelated cells.

exogastritis (eks-o-gas-tri'-tis) [exo-; yaarijp, belly;
u-is, inflammation]. See perigastritis.

exogenetic (eks-o-jen-et'-ik) [exo- ; ykvvav, to
produce]. Due to an external cause; not arising
within the organism.

exogenous (eks-oj'-en-us) [see exogenetic]. Grow-
ing by accretions to the outer surface, e. disease.
See exopathy.

exognathion (eks-og-na'-the-on) [exo-; yvhOos,
the jaw]. The alveolar process of the superior
maxilla.

exognosis (ex-og-no' -sis) [i£, out of; ytyv&aic&v, to
know]. Diagnosis by exclusion.

exohysteropexy (ex-o-his'-ter-o-pek-se) [exo- ; vartpa,
the uterus; irrj^is, fixation]. Fixation of a prolapsed
uterus to the abdominal wall.

exol (ex' -61). A local dental anesthetic.

exometra (eks-o-me'-trah) [exo-; pyTpa, the womb].
Prolapse or inversion of the uterus.

exometritis (eks-o-me-tri'-tis) [exo-; vvTpa, womb;
ins, inflammation]. Perimetritis; less correctly,
parametritis. See metritis.

exomphalia (eks-om-fa'-le-ah). Protrusion of the
navel.

exomphalocele (eks-om-fal'-o-sel). An umbilical
hernia.

exomphalos (eks-om'-fal-os) [exo-; 6ju</>aX6s, navel].
Undue prominence of the navel; also, umbilical
hernia.

exoncoma (eks-ong'-ko-mah) [i^byKupa, anything
swollen]. A protruding tumor.

exoncosis (eks-on-ko'-sis). The formation of a
prominent tumor.

exopathic (eks-o-path'-ik) [exo-; vados, disease].
Pertaining to those causes of disease coming from
without or beyond the organism.

exopathy (eks-op' -ath-e) [exo-; iraMos, disease]
A disease having its origin in some cause external to
the organism.

exopexy (eks'-o-peks-e). The surgical anchoring
of an organ normally in a body cavity outside of the
latter.

exophoria (eks-o-fo' '-re-ah) . See heterophoria.

exophthalmia (eks-off-thaV -me-ah) . See exophthal-
mos.

exophthalmic (eks-of-thal'-mik) _ [exophthalmos].
Pertaining to exophthalmos, e. goiter. See goiter,
exophthalmic.

exophthalmometer (eks-off-thal-mom'-et-er) [e£, out;
6<t>0a\p.6s, eye; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument
for measuring the degree of exophthalmus.

exophthalmos, exophthalmus (eks-off-thal'-mos,
-mus) [exo-; 6<j>dahp.6s, eye]. Abnormal prominence
or protrusion of the eyeballs, e., pulsating, that
characterized by a bruit and pulsation, due to an
aneurysm that pushes the eye forward.

exoplasm (eks'-o-plazm) [exo-; Tr\ao-o-eiv, to form].
In biology, the outer protoplasm of a unicellular
organism or histological cell.

exorbitism (eks-orb' -it-izm) . See exophthalmos.

exormia (eks-or' -me-ah) [i£opp.aeiv, to go forth].
Any papular skin-disease.

exosepsis (eks-o-sep'-sis) [exo-; sepsis]. Sepsis
originating outside the body.

exoskeleton (eks-o-skel'-et-on) [exo-; o-neKtrbv, a
dried body]. The rigid outer envelop of many of the
lower forms of life for the protection and attachment
of organs.

exosmometer (eks-oz-mom'-et-ur). See endosmo-
meter.

exosmosis (eks-oz-mo'-sis) [exo-; 6>apbs, thrust].
Outward osmosis. See osmosis.

exosmotic (eks-oz-mot'-ik) [<!£, out; dxr/xos, thrust].
Pertaining to or characterized by exosmosis.

exosplenopexia, exosplenopexy (eks-o-sple-no-peks' '-»
e-ah, eks-o-sple' -no-peks-e) [exo-; air\y]v, spleen?
Trij£is, fixation]. An operation substituted for
splenectomy, which consists in attaching the spleen
in the abdominal wound and fixing it there by its
capsule.

exospore (eks'-o-spor) [exo-; outside; o-wbpos, seed].
In biology, the outer coat of a spore.

exostome (eks'-os-tom) [exo-; arbpa, mouth]. In
biology, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule,
or the outer peristome of a moss.

exostosis (eks-os-to'-sis) [exo-; barkov, bone; pi., ex-
ostoses]. A bony outgrowth from the surface of a
bone.

exoteric (eks-o-ter'-ik) [ifarepiicbs, external].
Synonymous with exopathic.

exotery (eks-ot'-er-e). See exopathy.

exothermic (eks-o-thur'-mik) [exo-; dripprj, heat],
1 . Relating to the giving out of heat. 2. A substance
which gives out heat in its production. Cf. endo-
thermic.

exothyropexy (eks-o-thi' -ro-peks-e) [exo-; thyroid;
irijjfis, fixation]. Exposing, the enlarged thyroid
gland by a median incision and drawing it outside.

exotic (eks-ot'-ik) [e£wnKos, foreign]. Pertaining
to plants and products from another country.

exoticosymphysis (eks-ot-ik-o-sim'-fis-is) [e£con*6s,
foreign; o-vp<pvo-is, a growing together]. The union
of a substance or body with the organism.

exotospore (eks-o'-to-spor) [efwriKos, outward;
airbpos, seed]. The malarial germ brought by the
stab of the mosquito (Anopheles) into the human
blood-vessels; so named from being formed outside
the human body.

exotoxin (eks-o-toks'-in) [exo-; toxin], A toxin
which is excreted by a microorganism and can after-
wards be obtained in bacteria-free filtrates without
death or disintegration of the microorganisms.

exotropia (eks-o-tro'-pe-ah). See strabismus.

expansive (eks-pan'-siv) [expander e, to spread out].
Comprehensive; wide-extending, e. delirium, insane
overestimation of one's mental or bodily powers.
See exaltation.

expectant (eks-pek'-tant) [expectare, to look out
for]. Awaiting or expecting, e. treatment, watching
the progress of a disease, and not interfering unless
warranted by special symptoms.

expectation (eks-pek-ta'-shun) [expectare, to expect].
Same as expectant, e. of life, the average number of
years that persons of a given age, taken one with
another, live, assuming that they die according to a
given table of the probabilities of life. It thus has
no relation to the most probable life of a single
given individual, e. of 1., complete, the addition of
one-half year to the curtate expectation to allow for
that portion of a year lived by each person in the year
of his death, e. of 1., curtate, the average number
of whole or completed years lived by each person.

expectorant (eks-pek'-to-rant) [see expectoration].
1. Promoting expectoration. 2. A remedy that
promotes or modifies expectoration.

expectoration (eks-pek-tor-a'-shun) [ex, out; pectus,
breast]. 1. The ejection from the mouth of material
brought into it from the air-passages. 2. The fluid
or semifluid matters from the lungs and air-passages
expelled by coughing and spitting, e., prune-juice,
a sputum containing altered blood expectorated in
gangrene and cancer of the lung and in grave pneu-
monias in the aged, e., rusty. See sputum, rusty.

expellent (eks-pel'-ent) [expellere, to drive out].
A medicine that has power to expel a materies morbi.

experimental ten minutes. The standard time
in Ross's in vitro method within which mitosis must
be induced in lymphocytes.

expert (eks'-pert) [expertus, proved]. A person
especially qualified in a science or art. e., medical,
a physician peculiarly fitted by experience or special
learning to render an authoritative opinion in medico-
legal or diagnostic questions.

expertness. Special skill or dexterity, e., dex-
tro-. Conjoint and superior expertness of the
dextral sensory andv muscular organs of the body,
e., mixed dextrosinistral. Some of the centers of
the more expert organs in conjoint action are located
in one and some in the opposite cerebral hemisphere.
e., sinistro-. Conjoint and superior expertness of
the sinistral sensory and muscular organs of the-
body.

EXPIRATION

351

EXTRACTIVE

expiration (eks-pi-ra'-shun) [expirare, to breathe
out]. The act of breathing forth or expelling air
from the lungs.

expiratory (eks-pi'-ra-to-re) [see expiration]. Re-
lating to expiration.

expire (eks-pir') [expirare, to breathe out]. To
breathe out; to die.

exploration (eks-plo-ra'-shun) [explorare, to search
out]. The act of exploring; investigation of a part
hidden from sight by means of touch, by artificial
light, etc.

explorator, explorer (eks-plor-a' '-tor ; ex-plor'-er)
[explorare, to search out]. An instrument for use
in exploration, e., electric, an instrument for detect-
ing a bullet by means of the electric current.

exploratory (eks-plor'-at-o-re). Pertaining to ex-
ploration, e. puncture, the puncture of a cavity or
tumor and extraction therefrom of some of the
contents to learn their nature.

exploring needle. A needle with a grooved side
to allow the passage of fluid along it after it is plunged
into a part where the presence of fluid is suspected.

explosion (eks-plo'-zhun) [explodere, to drive
away], i. The sudden expansion of a body of small
volume into great volume, with the resulting effects.
2. The sudden and violent occurrence of any symp-
tom or function.

explosive (eks-plo'-siv) [explodere, to drive away].
See consonants, e.-speech, speech characterized by
suddenness and explosiveness of enunciation.

exposure (eks-po'-zhur) [exponere, to expose],
i. The act of laying bare, as the genitals. 2. The
state of being open to some action or influence, as
of cold or wet.

expression (eks-presh'-un) [expressus; exprimere,
to press out]. 1. A pressing out. 2. The facies.
e. of fetus or e. of placenta, assisting the expulsion
of fetus or placenta by pressure upon the uterus
through the abdominal walls, e., rectal, assisting
the expulsion of the fetal head by means of two
fingers inserted into the rectum and hooked into
the mouth or under the chin.

expulsion (eks-pul'-shun) [expellere, to drive out].
The act of driving out. e., spontaneous, the ex-
trusion of the fetus or the placenta without external
aid.

expulsive (eks-pul'-siv) [expellere, to drive out].
Pertaining to the extrusion or driving out of the
fetus in childbirth, the voiding of the feces, urine,
etc.

exsanguinate (ek-san'-gwin-at) [ex-; sanguis, blood].

1. To render bloodless. 2. Bloodless,
exsanguination {ek-san-gwin-a'-shun) [exsangui-
nate]. The act of making bloodless.

exsanguine (ek-sang'-gwin) [ex, out; sanguis,
blood]. Bloodless. *

exsanguinity (ek-sang-gwin'-it-e). Bloodlessness;
extreme pallor.

exsection (ek-sek'-shun) [ex; secare, to cut]. The
act of cutting a part out from its surroundings.

exsertor (ek-sert'-or) [exserere, to protrude]. A
muscle which protrudes a part.

exsiccation (ek-sik-a' -shun) [ex; siccus, dry]. The
act of drying; especially the depriving of a crystalline
substance of its water of crystallization.

exsiccative (ek-sik'-a-tiv). Drying.

exsiccator (ek'-sik-a-tor) [exsiccare, to dry up].
A closed glass vessel containing a tray of sulphuric
acid, used to dry and cool substances preparatory to
weighing.

exspuition (eks-pii-ish'-un) [ex, out; spuere, to
spit]. Expectoration; spitting.

exstrophy (ek'-strof-e) [ex; arptyeiv, to turn].
Eversion; the turning inside out of a part. e. of
bladder, a congenital condition in which the lower
part of the abdominal wall, the anterior wall of the
bladder, and usually the symphysis pubis are wanting,
and the posterior wall of the bladder is pressed
through the opening.

exsufflation (ek-suf-la'-shun) [ex, out; sufflare, to
blow]. Forced discharge of the breath.

ext. Abbreviation of exlractum or extract.

exta (eks'-tah) [L., pi.]. The viscera, especially
those of the chest.

extasis (ek' -stasis). See ecstasy.

extension (eks-len'-shun) [extendere, to stretch
out]. 1. A straightening out, especially the muscu-
lar movement by which a flexed limb is made straight.

2. Traction upon a fractured or dislocated limb.
Counter extension is traction made on a part in a direc-

tion opposite to that in which traction is made by
another force.

extensometer (eks-tens-om'-et-er) [extension; nerpov,
a measure]. A micrometer to measure the expansion
of a body.

extensor (eks-tens'-or) [extension]. That which
stretches out or extends, as extensor muscles. See
under muscle.

extenuation (eks-ten-u-a' shun) [ex, out; tenuis,
thin]. Thinness; leanness of body; delicacy.

exterioration (eks-te-re-or-a'-shun) [exterior, outer].
The faculty of mind by which the image of an object
seen is referred to the real situation of the object.

extern {eks'-tern) [externus, outward]. 1. Outside;
outside the gates of a hospital. 2. An out-door
patient. 3- A medical student, or graduate, who
attends to out-door charity cases, e. maternity, a
lying-in in a private house.

external (eks-ter'-nal) [externus, outward]. On the
exterior, or on the side removed from the center or
middle line of the body.

externalize (eks-ter'-nal-iz) [external]. 1. In psy-
chology, to transform an idea or impression which
is on the percipient's mind into a phantasm appar-
ently outside him. 2. To refer to some outside
source, as the voices heard by the subject of psycho-
motor hallucinations.

externe (eks-tern') [Ft.]. Same as extern.
exteroceptive impulses (eks'-ter-o-sep-tiv)[ extero-;
caper e, to take]. Afferent nerve impulses which de-
rive their stimulatson from external sources.

exteroceptor (eks-ter-o-sep'-tor) [extero; receptor,
receiver]. An end organ, in or near, the skin or a
mucous membrane, which receives stimuli from the
external world.

extesticulate (eks-tes-tik'-u-lat) [ex, out; testiculus,
a testicle]. To castrate.

extinction {eks-tink' -shun) [extinguere, to extin-
guish]. Complete abeyance or final loss, as of the
voice; also, incomplete loss. e. of mercury, the
rubbing of mercury with lard or some other substance
until the particles of mercury are no longer visible.

extirpation (eks-ter-pa'-shun) [extirpare, to root
out]. Complete removal of a part.

extirpator (eks-ter-pa'-tor) [extirpare, to root out].
An instrument for extracting the roots of cuspid
teeth.

extra- (eks-lrah-) [L.]. A prefix meaning outside;
without.

extra-amniotic (eks-trah-am-ne-ot'-ik). Outside of
the amnion; between the amnion and the chorion.

extra-articular (eks-trak-ar-tik'-u-lar). Outside of
the proper structures of a joint.

extracapsular (eks-trah-kap'-su-lar). Outside of
the capsular ligament of a joint.

extracardial (eks-trah-kar'-de-al) [extra; napUa,
heart]. Situated or occurring outside of the heart.
extracellular {eks-trah-sel'-u-lar). External to the
cells of an organism. »

extracostal (eks-trah-kos'-tal) [extra; costa, a rib].
Outside of the ribs. e. muscle, any external inter-
costal muscle. See muscles, table of.

extracranial (eks-trah-kra'-ne-al). Outside of the
cranial cavity.

extract, extractum (eks'-trakt, -trakt'-um) [extrahere,
to extract]. In pharmacy, a solid or semisolid pre-
paration, made by extracting the soluble principles
of a drug with water or alcohol and evaporating the
solution, e., alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the
solvent, e.s, animal, fluidextracts obtained by pro-
longed digestion of finely chopped organs of animals
in glycerol, boric acid, and alcohol, and believed to
contain the active principle of the organ. See
musculin, ovarin, testin, thyroidin, etc. e., aqueous,
that prepared by using water as the solvent, e.,
aromatic fluid, fluid extract from aromatic powder.
e., compound, one prepared from more than one drug.
e., ethereal, one in which ether is the solvent, e.,
fluid. See fluidextract. e., powdered, an extract
dried and pulverized, e., soft, an extract evaporated
to the consistence of honey, e., solid, one made solid
by evaporation, extractum ferri pomatum (N. F.),
an extract made from iron, in the form of fine, bright
wire, 1 part; ripe sour apples, 50 parts; water, a suf-
ficient quantity.

extraction (eks-trak-shun) [extract]. 1. The act.
of drawing out. 2. The process of making an
extract, e. of cataract, removal of a cataractous
lens by surgical operation.

extractive (eks-traP-tiv) [extract]. Any organic

EXTRACTOR

352

EYELENS

substance that may be extracted in small amount
from animal tissues.

extractor (eks-trak'-tor) [extract]. An instrument
for extracting bullets, sequestra, etc.

extracurrent (eks-trah-kur'-ent). The induced
electric current.

extradural (eks-trah-du'-ral) [extra-; durus, hard].
Situated outside of the dura.

extra-embryonic (eks-trah-em-bre-on'-ik). Situated
without or not forming a part of the embryo; it is
said of certain structures of the ovum.

extra-epithelial {eks-trah-ep-e-the'-le-al). Outside
of an epithelium.

extragenital (eks-trah-jen'-it-al). Not situated
upon the genitals; applied to chancres.

extraligamentous (eks-trah-lig-a-ment'-us). Ex-
ternal to a ligament.

extralobular (eks-trah-lob'-u-lar). Outside of a
lobe.

extramalleolus (eks-trah-mal-e'-o-lus) [extra; mal-
leolus]. The outer malleolus of the ankle.

extramedullary (eks-trah-med'-ul-ar-e) [extra-; med-
ulla]. Situated or occurring outside of the medulla.

extraneous (eks-tra'-ne-us) [extraneus, external].
Existing or belonging outside the organism.

extraneural (eks-trah-nu'-ral). Situated or occur-
ring outside of a nerve. A term applied to certain
nervous affections of which the true seat is more or
less remote from the point which manifests the
symptoms of nerve-embarrassment.

extranuclear (eks-trah-nu'-kle-ar). Outside the
nucleus of a cell.

extra-ocular (eks-trah-ok'-u-lar). Outside the eye,
or eyeball; in biology, applied to those antennae of
insects that are located at a distance from the eyes.

extra-organismal (eks-trah-or-gan-iz'-mal). External
to the organism.

extrapelvic (eks-trah-pel'-vik). Situated or occur-
ring outside the pelvis.

extraperitoneal (eks-trah-per-it-on-e'-al). External
to the peritoneal cavity.

extrapial (eks-trah-pi'-al). Pertaining to objects
external to the pia.
• extrapolar (eks-trah-po'-lar) [extra-; polus, a pole].
Not lying in the space between the electrodes of a
battery, e. region, that lying outside the electrodes,
as opposed to the intrapolar region, or area, that
lying within or directly beneath the electrodes.

extraradical (eks-trah-rad'-ik-al). Applied to hy-
drogen atoms not replaceable by a negative or alco-
holic radical, but replaceable by a base.

extrarenal (eks-trah-re'-nal). External to the
kidney.

extrasystole (eks-trah-sis'-to-le). A heart-contrac-
tion occurring earlier than the normal systole if the
heart-muscle is irritated during the diastolic period.

extrathoracic (eks-trah-tho-ras'-ik). External to
the thoracic cavity.

extratriceps (eks-trah-tri'-seps). The outer head
of the triceps muscle.

extra-uterine (eks-trah-u'-ter-ln) [extra-; uterus].
Outside of the uterus, e. pregnancy. See pregnancy,
extrauterine.

extravasation (eks-trav-as-a'-shun) [extra-; vas,
a vessel], i. The passing of fluid outside of the
cavity or space normally containing it. 2. The fluid
that has passed out.

extravascular (eks-trah-vas'-ku-lar) [see extravasa-
tion]. Outside of the vessels.

extraventricular (eks-trah-ven-trik'-u-lar). External
to a ventricle.

extremital {eks-trem'-it-al) [extremus, outermost].
Situated towards, or pertaining to, an extremity;
distal.

extremity (eks-trem'-it-e) [extremus, outermost].
An arm or leg; the distal or terminal end or part of
any organ; a hand or foot.

extrinsic (eks-trin'-sik) [extrinsicus, from without].
External; not directly belonging to a part. e.
muscles, those situated on the exterior of an organ.

extroversion (eks-tro-ver'-shun). See exstrophy.

extubation (eks-tu-ba'-shun) [ex, out; tubus, a pipe].
The removal of a laryngeal tube; opposed to intuba-
tion.

extuberance (ex-tu'-ber-ans) [ex, out; tuber, mass].
A swelling or protuberance.

extrumescence (eks-tu-mes'-ens) [ex, out; lumescere,
to swell]. A projection or swelling.

exudate (eks'-u-dat) [exudare, to sweat]. The
material that has passed through the walls of vessels

into the adjacent tissues, e., fibrinous, coagulation
of fluid soon after its escape from the vessels within
the spaces into which it has exuded, e., sero-
fibrinous, serous fluid in which flocculi of coagulated
matter float.

exudation (eks-u-da'-shun) [exudate]. The passing
out of serum or pus; the material that has passed
out.

exudative (eks-u-da'-tiv) [exudate]. Of the nature
of or characterized by exudation.

exulceration (eks-ul-ser-a'-shun) [ex, out; ulcer are,
to ulcerate]. A superficial ulceration.

exumbilication (eks-um-bil-ik-a'-shuri) [ex, out;
umbilicus, navel]. Marked protrusion of the navel.

exutoria (eks-u-to'-re-ah) [exurere, to burn].
Substances which cause a superficial ulceration of
the skin when applied.

exuviae (eks-'u-ve-e) [L.]. Cast-off matters; shreds
of epidermis; also, sloughed materials.

exuviation (eks-u-ve-a'-shun) [exuvice]. The shed-
ding of the deciduous teeth, or other epidermal part.

eye (i) [AS., edge]. The organ of vision. It oc-
cupies the anterior part of the orbit, is nearly spherical
in outline, and is composed of three concentric coats:
the sclerotic and cornea, the choroid and iris, and the
retina. The sclerotic is an opaque, dense, white,
fibrous membrane, into the anterior part of which
the transparent cornea is fitted. The choroid is
the vascular tissue, and is continuous with the iris
in front. The latter is a circular membrane with a
central perforation, the pupil. Within the choroid
is the retina, a delicate, transparent membrane con-
taining the terminations of the optic nerve. The
greater part of the eyeball is filled with a mucoid
substance, the vitreous humor, against the anterior
surface of which rests the crystalline lens. The space
between the lens and the cornea is divided by the
iris into two compartments, communicating through
the pupillary opening, the anterior and posterior
chambers, which contain the aqueous humor. An-
teriorly the eye is covered by conjunctiva, posteriorly
by a fibrous capsule (capsule of Tenon). The eyeball
is moved by a series of muscles attached on the
outer surface. Changes in the curvature of the
lens are brought about by the ciliary muscle, while
the size of the pupil is modified by the action of
dilator and constrictor fibers in the iris, e.s, alter-
nating dominance of the, dominance of one eye at one
time or for one function, alternating with that of the
fellow for another time or function, e., aphakic,
the eye deprived of its crystalline lens, e., ap-
pendages of, the eyelids, brows, and lacrimal appar-
atus, e., apple of, formerly the eyeball; the pupil.
e., artificial, a thin shell of glass, celluloid, or other
substance, colored like the natural eye, placed in the
socket after enucleation, e., compound, the organ
of vision formed of several crystal spheres, as in the
lower crabs, e., dominant, the eye which is uncon-
sciously and preferentially chosen to guide decision
and action, e. diagrammatic of Listing. See under
Listing, e.s, equidominant, or divided dominance
of the, having equal or divided dominance, e.,
pineal or epiphyseal, the rudimentary median eye in
some lizards, e., reduced, of Donders. See under
Donders. e.s, reversed dominance of the, the left,
because of ametropia, disease, operation, etc. of the
right becoming the dominant eye in the right-
handed; or vice versa in the left-handed, e., sche-
matic, an ideal or normal eye.

eyeball (i'-bawl). The globe of the eye.

eyebrow (i'-brow). The supercilium, the con-
nective tissue, skin, and hairs above the eye. The
hairs serve chiefly to prevent the sweat from falling
into the eye.

eyecells, cup-shaped cells of porcelain, enameled
black, to place over the eye after operations.

eyecurrent, the normal electric current that
passes from the cornea (positive) to the optic nerve
(negative) under the stimulus of light.

eyedrops. See collyrium. Also an old name for
tears.

eyeglass, a lens worn in one eye. Eye-glasses
pince-nez, worn instead of spectacles, and held in
position by a spring acting upon the bridge of the
nose.

eyeground, a synonym of the fundus oculi or in-
ternal aspect of the vitreous chamber of the eye.

eyelashes (i'-lash-es). The hairs of the eyelid.

eyelens, the lens of a microscope to which the eye
is applied ; an eye-piece.

EYELID 353 EYEWATER

eyelid (i'-lid). The protective covering of the eyestrain (i'-strdn). The excess and abnormalism

eyeball, composed of skin, glands, connective and of effort, with the resultant irritation, caused by

muscular tissue, the tarsus and conjunctiva, with the ametropia or heteiophoria. It is applied also to the

cilia at the free edge. effects of excessive use of normal eyes.

eyepiece (i'-pes). Synonym of ocular, e., Huy- eyeteeth (i'-teth). The canine teeth of the upper

genian. See Huygenian ocular. jaw; dog-teeth.

eyepoint, the point above an ocular or simple eyewash, a medicated water for the eye; a col-
microscope where the greatest number of emerging lyrium.
rays cross. eyewater, a collyrium; also the aqueous

eye-speculum, an instrument for retracting the humor,
eyelids.

13

F. i. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit, field of vision. 2.
Chemical symbol of fluorine.

fabella (Ja-bel'-ah) [dim. of faba, a bean]. A sesa-
moid fibrocartilage or small bone occasionally de-
veloped in the gastrocnemius muscle.

fabism (fa'-bizm) [faba, bean]. Lathyrism.

face (fas) [fades, the face]. A name applied to
the lower and anterior part of the head, including the
eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, lips, etc. f., adenoid, a
half-idiotic expression, combined with a long, high
nose, flattened at the bridge, narrow nostrils, open
mouth displaying irregular upper teeth, a drooping
jaw, and broadening between the eyes, f.-ague. See
ague, brow-, f. grippee, the pinched face observed
in peritonitis, f., mask-like, a face frequently seen
in alcoholic multiple neuritis, in which an expression-
less band stretches across the nose and cheeks be-
tween the eyes and lips, the skin remaining motion-
less while the eyebrows, forehead, and lips may be
moving freely.

facet (fas'-et) [Fr., facette, a little face]. A small
plane surface, especially on a bone or a hard body,
like a calculus.

facial (fa'-shal) [face]. Pertaining to the face.
f. angle, an angle measured in different ways by
different authorities. That of Virchow and Holder
is formed by the union of a line joining the fronto-
nasal suture and the most prominent point of the
lower edge of the superior alveolar process, and a line
joining the superior border of the external auditory
meatus and the lower portion of the orbit. That of
Camper is formed by the union of Camper's line (a
line touching the most prominent points of the upper
and lower face) and a line joining the acanthion and
the auricular point, f. center, one in the frontal
gyrus for face movements, f. hemiplegia. See
hemiplegia. ' f . nerve. See nerves, table of.

facies (fa'-she-ez) [L., "face"]. 1. The appearance
of the face. 2. A surface, f. anterior, the anterior
surface, f. articularis, an articular surface, f.
auricularis, auricular surface, f. cerebralis, cerebral
surface, f. contactus, contact surface, f. convexa,
convex surface, f. costalis, costal surface, f.
diaphragmatica, diaphragmatic surface, f. dorsalis,
dorsal surface. f. frontalis, frontal surface, f.
gastrica, gastric surface, f. hippocratica, an appear-
ance of theface indicative of the rapid approach of
dissolution: the nose is pinched, the temples hollow,
the eyes sunken, the ears leaden and cold, the lips
relaxed, the skin livid, f. inferior, inferior surface.
f. infratemporalis, zygomatic surface, f. intestinalis,
intestinal surface, f. labialis, labial or buccal
surface, f. lateralis, lateral surface, f. leontina.
See leontiasis. f. lingualis, lingual surface, f.
malaris, malar surface, f. malleolaris, malleolar
surface, f. maxatoria, chewing surface, f. maxil-
laris, maxillary surface, f. medialis, medial surface.
f. mediastinalis, mediastinal surface, f. nasalis,
nasal surface, f. orbitalis, orbital surface, f. ossea,
bony portion of the face. f. ovar.ina, the emaciated
countenance seen in patients with large ovarian
cysts, f. palatina, palatine surface, f. parietalis,
parietal surface, f. patellaris, patellar surface, f.
pelvina, pelvic surface, f. posterior, posterior sur-
face, f. renalis, renal surface, f. sphenomaxillaris,
temporal surface, f. superior, superior surface, f.
volaris, volar surface.

faciobrachial (fa-she-o-bra'-ke-al). Relating to the
face and arm; generally referring to a form of juvenile
muscular dystrophy.

faciocervical (fa-she-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the
face and neck.

faciolingual (fa-she-o-lin'-gwal). Relating to the
face and tongue.

facioscapulohumeral (fa-she-o-skap' ' -u-lo-hu-me-
ral). Relating to the face, scapula, and arm.

F. A. C. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Ameri-
can College of Surgeons.

factitious (fak-tish'-us) [facere, to make]. Artificial.

facultative (fak'-ul-ta-tiv) [facultas, capability].
Voluntary; optional, f. aerobic. See under .aerobic.
f. anaerobic. See aerobic, facultative, f, manifest
hyperopia, that part of the manifest hyperopia that
can be concealed by the accommodation, f . parasite,
an organism that, while usually parasitic, can also
live outside of its host.

faculty (jak'-ul-te) [facultas, capability]. 1. A
special action of the mind through the instrumentality
of an organ or organs; any function, particularly any
acquired, modified, or facultative function. 2. The
corps of professors and instructors of a university
and its colleges, f., medical, the corps of professors
and instructors of a medical college.

faecal, faeces (Je'-kal, fe'-sez). See fecal, feces.

faecula (fek'-u-lah). Seefecula.

faenum-graecum (fen-um-gre'-kum). See fenugreek.

faex (feks) [L., "lees"; pi., faces). The dregs or
sediment of any liquid; fecula. f. medicinalis
liquida, liquid yeast. It is used in the treatment of
acne in the young. Dose § teaspoonful to 1 table-
spoonful mixed with water once or twice daily with
meals, f. medicinalis sicca, dry yeast. It is used
internally in smallpox to diminish suppuration; also
in bronchopneumonia occurring in measles. Dose
ij teaspoonfuls mixed with 80 Cc. of boiled water
in high rectal injection.

fag [origin uncertain]. Exhaustion; tire. See
brainfag.

Faget's sign (Jaz-zha') [Jean Charles Faget, French
physician, 1818- ]. A fall in the pulse rate with
a rising or horizontal temperature curve; said to be
pathognomonic of yellow fever.

fagopyrum (fag-o-pi'-rum). Poisoning by buck-
wheat.

Fahr., abbreviation for Fahrenheit's scale; see
thermometer.

Fahrenheit's thermometer (fah'-ren-hlt) [Gabriel
Daniel Fahrenheit, German physicist, 1686-1736].
See thermometer .Fahrenheit.

faint (fanf). 1. A condition of languor. 2. A
state of syncope or swooning.

fainting (fant'-ing). A swoon; the act of swooning.
f. sickness. Synonym of epilepsy.

faith-cure. The system or practice of attempting
or pretending to cure disease by religious faith and
prayer alone.

falcate (fal'-kat) [falx, a sickle]. Sickle-shaped.

falcial (fal'-se-al) [falx, a sickle]. Relating to the
falx cerebri or falx cerebelli.

falcicula (fal-sik'-u-lah). Seefalcula.

falciform (Jal '-si-form) [falx ; forma, form ] . Having
the shape of a sickle, f. ligament. See ligament,
falciform, f. process, a process of the dura mater
that separates the hemispheres of the brain; the
falx.

falcula (faV -ku-lah) [dim. of falx, a sickle]. The
falx cerebelli.

falcular (fal'-ku-lar) [falx, a sickle]. 1. Sickle-
shaped. 2. Pertaining to the falx cerebelli.

fallacia (fal-a'-se-ah) [L.]. An insane illusion; an
hallucination, f. auditoria, an illusion as to hearing.
f. optica, any visual illusion.

fallectomy (fal-ek'-to-me). Same as salpingectomy.

falling (Jawl'-ing) [AS., feallan, to fall]. Dropping
down, f.-sickness, epilepsy, f. of the womb, a
descent of the uterus into the vagina.

Fallopian (fal-o'-pe-an). Described by Gabriel
Falloppio or Falloppius, Italian anatomist, 1523-
1562. F. aqueduct, F. canal, a canal in the petrosa,
extending from the internal auditory meatus to the
stylomastoid foramen and transmitting the facial
nerve. F. gestation, tubal gestation. F. hiatus, an
opening on the anterior surface of the petrosa, which
serves for the transmission of the petrosal branch of
the vidian nerve. F. ligament. 1. See Poupart's
ligament. 2. See Hunter's ligament. F. muscle,

FALLOPIUS

355

FASCICLE

the pyramidalis. F. tube, the oviduct. F. valve.
See Bauhin's valve.

Fallopius, aqueduct of. See Fallopian aqueduct.
F., hiatus of. See Fallopian hiatus.

fallostomy (Jal-os'-to-me). Same as salpingostomy.

fallotomy (Jal-ot'-o-me). Same as salpingotomy.

JKalret's type of mania of persecution. A form of
paranoia occurring in degenerates. Syn., "Idees de
persecution et de persecuteur."

false (fawls) [falsus, deceptive]. Not genuine; not
real; imitating, f. aneurysm. See aneurysm, false.
f. ankylosis, ankylosis due to rigidity of the soft
tissues, f. image, in diplopia, the image of the
deviating eye. f. joint, a result of non-union of a
fractured bone. f. membrane, a fibrinous exudate
upon a surface, f. pains, pains that precede true
labor-pains, f. passage, a passage, formed by the
laceration of any canal, f. pelvis, the portion of the
pelvic cavity situated above the iliopectineal line,
f. ribs, the five lower ribs.

falsetto (J awl-set' -o) [Ital.]. A voice both high-
pitched and peculiarly modified as to quality; the
highest register of the human voice. It is more
obvious in the male than in most female voices.

falsification (Jawl-sif-ik-a' -shun) [falsus, deceptive;
facere, to make]. The fraudulent adulteration of
foods or medicines; counterfeiting.

falx (folks) [L.]. A sickle; a sickle-shaped struc-
ture, f. aponeurotica, the conjoined tendon, f.
cerebelli, a sickle-like process of dura mater between
the lobes of the cerebellum, f. cerebri, the process
of the dura separating the hemispheres of the cere-
brum, f . inguinalis. See /. aponeurotica.

famelic (Jam-el'-ik) [famelicus, hungry]. Marked
by extreme hunger; effective in overcoming the
sensation of hunger.

famelica (jam-el' -ik-ah) [famelicus, hungry]. Febris
famelica; fever accompanied by hunger. _

fames (ja'-mez) [L.]. Hunger, f. bovina, bulimia.
f. canina ("dog-hunger"), bulimia, i. lupina ("wolf-
hunger"), extreme bulimia.

familial (fam-il'-yal). Characteristic of a family.

famine fever. Same as relapsing fever.

fanaticism (Jan-at' -is-izm) [fanaticus, pertaining to
a temple]. Perversion and excess of the religious
sentiment. It often trenches upon the domain of
insanity; and is sometimes an outcome, at other
times a cause, of mental disease.

fang [AS., fangan, to seize]. The root of a tooth.

fango {fan' -go). Clay from the hot springs of
Battaglio, Italy; it is used as a local application in
gout, f.-therapy, the therapeutic application of
heat and pressure by means of heated fango or other
mud.

fantascopy (fan-tas'-ko-pe). See retinoscopy.

farad {jar' -ad) [Michael Faraday, English physicist,
1701-1867]. The unit of electric capacity; a capacity
sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a
potential of one volt.

Faraday's law of electrolysis [see farad}. The
amount of an ion liberated at an electrode in a given
time is proportional to the strength of the current.

faradic, faradaic (far-ad' -ik, far-ad-a'-ik). Per-
taining to induced electric currents, f. current, the
induced electric current.

faradimeter (far-ad-im' -et-er) [farad; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength
of an induced electric current.

faradipuncture (far-ad-i-punk'-chur). The appli-
cation of faradic electricity by means of needle
electrodes thrust into the tissues.

faradism (far'-ad-izm) [see farad]. 1. The elec-
tricity produced in an induced or faradic current.
2. Faradization.

faradization (jar-ad-iz-a'-shun) [see farad]. Fara-
dism; the application of the induced current to a
diseased part. f. general, the therapeutic application
of the electric current to the organism as a whole.

faradocontractility (far-ad-o-kon-trak'-til-it-e). Con-
tractility in response to the stimulus of faradic
electricity.

faradopuncture (far-ad-o-punk'-chur) [Faraday;
punctura, a puncture]. The passage of a faradic
current into the tissues by acupuncture.

farcinia (far-sin' -e-ah). Synonym of equinia.
, f arcinoma (far-sin-o'-mah) [farciminum, farcy ;
ofia, a tumor: pi., farcinomata]. A farcy-bud, or
glanderous tumor; less correctly, farcy, or glanders.

farctus (fark'-tus) [L., a "stuffing"]. Emphraxis;
congestion; infarction.

farcy (far'-se) ' [farcire, to stuff]. The form of
glanders that attacks the skin and lymphatic glands.
f.-bud, or f.-button, a glanderous tumor, f.-pipes,
the swollen lymph-vessels in glanders.

fardel-bound (far' -del-bownd) [fardel, a load; ME.,
bounden]. 1. A term applied to neat cattle or sheep
affected with inflammation of the abomasum, or of
the omasum, with impaction of food in the latter.
Fardel-bound cattle are said to have "lost the cud."

farding-bag (far' -ding-bag). The first stomach of
a ruminant animal ; the paunch or rumen.

fareol (far'-e-ol). A proprietary anodyne and
antipyretic.

farfara (far'-far-ah). See coltsfoot.

farina (far-e'-nah) [L., "meal"]. The ground or
powdered starchy part of seeds, especially that of
corn, barley, rye, and wheat.

farinaceous (far-in-a'-shus) [farina]. Having the
nature of or yielding flour.

far-point. The most distant point at which an
eye can see distinctly when accommodation is com-
pletely relaxed.

Farrant's solution. Make a saturated solution of
arsenic trioxide in water by boiling; let it stand for
24 hours and filter. Then to equal quantities of
water, glycerol, and arsenic trioxide solution add
picked gum-arabic until a thick, syrupy fluid is
obtained. In about a week filter slowly through
frequently changed filter-paper.

Farre's tubercles (far) [John Richard Farre,
English physician, 1775-1862]. Cancerous masses
on the surface of the liver.

Farre's white line (far) [Frederick John Farre,
English gynecologist, 1804-T886]. The boundary-
line at the hilum of the ovary between the germ
epithelium and the squamous epithelium of the
broad ligament; it marks the insertion of the meso-
varium.

Farre- Waldeyer's line. See Farre's white line.

farriery (far'-yer-e) [farraria, pertaining to iron].
The art of treating the diseases of horses; veterinary
surgery.

far-sightedness. Hyperopia.

fascia (fash'-e-ah) [L., "a band"]. 1. The areolar
tissue forming layers beneath the skin (superficial
fascia) or between muscles (deep fascia). 2. A band-
age, f., anal. See /., ischiorectal, f., cervical, deep,
that which invests the muscles of the neck and
incloses the vessels and nerves, f., cervical, super-
ficial, that just beneath the skin, f., Colles'. See
under Colles. f. colli. 1. The deep and superficial
fasciae of the neck regarded as one. 2. The deep
cervical fascia, f., cremasteric, a thin covering of
the spermatic cord, formed by the stretched fibers of
the cremaster muscle, f., cribriform, the sieve-
like covering of the saphenous opening, f. dentata,
a serrated band of gray matter of the hippocampal
gyrus of the cerebrum, f. infundibuliform, the
process of the transversalis fascia extended over the
spermatic cord, f., intercolumnar, a fascia attached
to the margins of the external abdominal ring and
forming a sheath for the cord and testis, f., ischio-
rectal, that covering the perineal aspect of the
levator ani muscle, f . lata, the dense fascia surround-
ing the muscles of the thigh, f.s of origin, those
serving for the origin of muscles, f.s, partial,
aponeuroses covering the muscles of a limb and
retaining them in position; they are chiefly attached
by their extremities to bones, f., prevertebral, a
band of connective tissue covering the front of the
cervical vertebrae and the prevertebral muscles
adherent to the basilar process above and running to
the third thoracic vertebra below. It is attached to
the esophagus and pharynx by loose connective tissue.
f. propria, f. propria of the scrotum, the infundi-
buliform fascia together with the underlying areolar
tissue, f., semilunar, f. semilunaris, a fibrous
band extending downward and inward from the inner
aspect of the biceps humeri and its tendon and
connecting with the fascia investing the antibrachial
muscles arising from the inner condyle of the humerus.
f., transversalis, that lying between the transversalis
muscle and the peritoneum.

fascial (fash'-e-al) [fascia]. Pertaining to or of
the nature of a fascia.

fasciaplasty (fash-e-ah-plas'-te) [fascia; wXdaaeiv,
to form]. Plastic surgery of fascia.

fasciation (fash-e-a'-shun) [fascia, a bandage].
The art or act of bandaging.

fascicle (fas'-ik-l) [dim. of fascis, a bundle]. A

FASCICULATED

356

FEBRICIDE

small bundle of fibers. See fasciculus, f., cuneate,
the continuation of the posteromedian column of the
spinal cord, f., fornicate, the white matter of the
fornicate gyrus, the fibers of which extend longi-
tudinally and ramify upward and backward into its
secondary gyri. Syn., fillet of the corpus callosum.
t, fundamental, a part of the anterior column
extending into the oblongata, f.s, gyral. See
fibers, association-, f., olivary. See fillet, olivary.
f., posterolongitudinal, fibers connecting the corpora
quadrigemina and the nuclei of the fourth and
sixth nerves with the parts below, f., pyramidal,
a portion of the anterior column of the cord extending
to the pyramid, f., solitary, fibers connecting the
internal capsule and lenticular nucleus with parts
below.

fasciculated (fas-ik'-u-la-ted). United into bundles
or fascicles.

fasciculus (Jas-ik'-u-lus) [dim. of fascis, a bundle;
pi., fasciculi). A little bundle, particularly of
muscle-fibers; a fascicle (q. v.). f. albicantiothalami.
Same as bundle of Vicq d'Azyr. f. arciformis pedis,
the cimbia, q. v. f. cerebello-spinalis. See tract,
direct cerebellar. f., cuneate, the continuation of
Burdach's column, or the posteromedian column of
the spinal cord, f., gracilis, the posterior pyramid
•of the medulla, f. longitudinalis inferior, fibers con-
meeting the temporal to the occipital lobe. f. longi-
tudinalis medialis, a band of fibers found in the
mid-brain ventrad to the central gray matter.
:f. longitudinalis pyramidalis. See tract, pyramidal.
i. longitudinalis superior, a bundle of fibers joining
the frontal cortex with the parietal, occipital, and
■external temporal cortex, f. longitudinalis ventralis,
"the anterior longitudinal bundle of fibers arising in
the superior colliculus and descending into the spinal
•cord. f. marginalis. See Lissauer's tract, f. occipito-
ifrontalis, a bundle of fibers extending from the
cortex of the frontal lobe to the cortex of the occipital
lobe, fasciculi occipitothalamici, the bundles of
nerve-fibers uniting the thalamus with the occipital
lobe, f., olivary. See fillet, olivary, f. perpendicu-
laris, a vertical bundle of fibers from the inferior
parietal and superior occipital gyri to the inferior
temporal and occipital and the fusiform gyri. f.
pedunculo-mammillaris, a bundle arising in the corpus
marnmillare and passing into the mid-brain, f.,
posterolongitudinal, fibers connecting the corpora
quadrigemina and the nuclei of the fourth and
sixth nerves with the parts below, f. rectus. Same
as /. perpendicularis. f. retrofiexus, a bundle of
nerve-fibers connecting the ganglion of the habenula
with the interpeduncular ganglion of the opposite
side. See also Meynert's bundle, f., solitary, fibers
connecting the internal capsule and the lenticular
nucleus with parts below. See solitary bundle, f.,
sphenoid, the part of the corona radiata which enters
the temporosphenoid lobe. f. subcallosus, a tract
• of long association-fibers lying under the corpus

■ callosum, and connecting the frontal, parietal, and
occipital lobes, f. teres, the funiculus teres, f.
thalamo-mammillaris. Same as bundle of Vicq

-d'Azyr. f. trineuralis, f., trineural. See solitary

■ bundle, f. unciformis, f. uncinatus, a bundle of
-roedullated axons extending between the uncus and
the basal portions of the frontal lobe, and connecting
the temporal sense area with the olfactory sense area.

fascination {fas-in-a' -shun) [fascinatio, a bewitch-
ing]. A form of incomplete hypnotism, intermediate
between somnambulism and catalepsy; the alleged
controlling influence of one person over another.

fasciodesis (Jas-e-od'-e-sis) [fascia; 5«m, binding].
The operation of suturing a tendon to a fascia.

fasciola (fas-i'-o-lah) [L., a small bandage], i. The
dorsal continuation of the fascia dentata of the
cerebrum. 2. A genus of trematodes. f. cinerea.
See fasciola (1). F. hepatica, the liyer fluke.

fascioliasis (fas-e-o-W -as-is) [fasciola, a small
bandage]. A term employed for distomiasis, or
distomatosis.

fasciolopsis (fas-ce-o-lop'-sis). See fluke.

fasciotomy (fash-e-ot' -o-me) . See aponeurotomy.

fascitis (Jas-i'-tis). Inflammation of a fascia.

fastidium (fas-tid'-e-um) [L., "a loathing"]. A
loathing for food or drink.

fastigatum (fas-tig-a'-tum). See nucleus fastigii.

fastigium (Jas-tij'-e-um) [L., "summit"]. 1. The
acme of a disease. 2. The angle between the superior
lamina and the inferior medullary velum in the roof
of the fourth ventricle.

'fat [ME.]. A greasy substance, a compound of
oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid with glycerol, f.-cell,
a connective-tissue cell containing oil-globules.
f. columns, columnar shaped adipose tissue found in
the thicker parts of the cutis vera. f. emboli. See
embolus, f .-necrosis, a peculiar form of necrosis of a
fatty tissue occurring in pinpoint-sized areas of a
dead-white color.

fatigue (fa-teg') [fatigo, weariness]. Weariness.
f. diseases, those caused by constant repetition of
certain muscular movements, f. fever, fever follow-
ing excessive exertions, and supposed to be caused
by the absorption of waste-products, f.-stuff, toxic
material from tissue-disintegration due to undue
fatigue.

fatty (fat'-e) [fat]. Containing fat or derived from
fat. f. acids, a series of acids with the general
formula CnH2n02, some of the members of which
combine with glycerol to form fats. f. casts. See
cast. t. degeneration. See degeneration, fatty, f.
heart. See heart, f. series, methane and its deriva-
tives.

fatuity (fat-u' -it-e) [fatuitas, foolishness]. Amentia
or dementia.

fauces (faw'-sez) [L., "the upper part of the
throat"]. The space surrounded by the palate,
tonsils, and uvula, f., isthmus of the, the space at
the back of the mouth inclosed by the margin of the
palate, the back of the tongue, and the pillars of the
fauces, f., pillars of the, the folds formed by the
palatoglossus muscle in front of the tonsils and by
the palatopharyngeus behind them.

Fauchard's disease (fo'-shar) [Pierre Fauchard,
French dentist, 1680-1761]. Alveolodental perios-
titis; pyorrhoea alveolaris; progressive necrosis of the
dental alveoli.

faucial (faw'-se-al) [fauces]. Pertaining to the
fauces.

faucitis (faw-si'-tis) [fauces; iris, inflammation].
Inflammation of the fauces.

fault (fawlt) [ME., faut, a lack]. In electricity,
any failure in the proper working of a circuit due to
ground-contacts, cross-contacts, or disconnections.
These may be of three kinds: 1. Disconnections;
2. Earths; 3. Contacts.

fauna (faw'-nah) [Faunus 'the god of agriculture:
pi., faunae]. The entire animal life of any geograph-
ical area or geological period.

faunorum ludibria (fawn-or'-um lu-dib' -re-ah) [L.,
"sport of the fauns"]. An old designation for night-
mare and for epilepsy.

Fauvel's granules (fo-veV) [Sulpice Antoine Fauvel,
French physician, 1813-1884]. Abscesses in the im-
mediate neighborhood of the bronchi or bronchioles.

favaginous {fav-aj'-in-us) [favus]. Resembling
favus; having a honeycombed surface.

faveolate (fav-e'-o-lat) [favus]. Favose, honey-
combed; same as alveolate.

faveolus (fav-e'-o-lus) [favus; pi., faveoli]. A pit
or cell like that of the honeycomb.

faviform (fav'-if-orm) [favus, honeycomb; forma,
form]. Resembling a honeycomb; a designation of
certain ulcerated surfaces.

favosoareolate (fa-vo-so-ar-e'-o-lat) [favus; areola].
Pitted with reticular markings.

favus (fa'-vus) [L., "a honeycomb"]. A parasitic
skin disease due to the presence of a vegetable
parasite, Achorion schonleinii. It is characterized
by the presence of round, sulphur-yellow, cup-shaped
crusts, having a peculiar musty odor, and which are
found on microscopic examination to be composed
almost entirely of the elements of the fungus. The
disease affects most frequently the scalp, but may
occur anywhere. Syn., tinea favosa, f.-cup, any
one of the cup-shaped crusts that characterize favus.

faxwax (faks'-waks) [fax, hair; Ger., wachsen, to
grow]. The ligamentum nuchae, or the material of
which it is composed. It is also called paxwax;

F. C. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Chemical
Society.

Fe. Chemical symbol oiferrum, iron.

fear (fer). An emotion of dread; apprehension;
the feeling which in its intenser manifestations is
called terror or fright.

feature (fe'-chur) [factura, a making]. Any single
part of lineament of the face. ,

febralgene (feb-ral'-jen). A proprietary antipyretic
and sedative. Dose 2^-5 gr. (0.16-0.32 Gm.).

febricide (feb'-ris-id) [febris; ccedere, to kill].
Destructive fever.

FEBRICITY

357

FEMININITY

febricity (fe-bris'-it-e) [febris, a fever]. Feverish-
ness.

febricula (Jeb-rik'-u-lah) [febris]. A slight fever of
short duration, most frequently encountered among
children.

febriculose (Jeb-rik'-u-los) [febris, fever]. Slightly
feverish.

febriculosity (feb-rik-u-los'-it-e). Feverishness.

febrifacient Jeb-re-fa' -se-ent) [febris, a fever;
facer e, to make]. Causing fever.

febriferous Je-brif -er-us) [febris, a fever; ferre,
to bear]. Causing or conveying fever.

febrific (fe-brif'-ik) [febris, a fever]. Febrifacient.

febrifugal Je-brif ' -u-gal) [febris, fever; fugare, to
dispel]. Removing or dispelling fever.

febrifuge (feb'-rif-uj) [febris; fugare, to dispel],
i. Dispelling fever. 2. An agent that lessens fever.

febrile (feb'-ril) [febris]. Pertaining to or char-
acterized by fever.

febrility Je-bril'-it-e) [febris, a fever]. The quality
of being febrile ; feverishness.

febrinol Jeb'-rin-ol). A proprietary antipyretic
and analgesic remedy.

febris (feb'-ris) [L.]. See fever, f. acmastica, a
continued fever, f. acuta, ague. f. amatoria, chloro-
sis, f. bullosa. Synonym of pemphigus, f. castren-
sis. 1. Typhus fever. 2. Remittent fever, f . castren-
sis epidemica, malarial and typhoid fever, f. catar-
rhalis. Synonym of influenza. f. complicata,
Mediterranean fever, f. dysenterica. Synonym of
dysentery, f. enterica, typhoid fever, q. v. f . exanthe-
matica articulosa. Synonym of dengue, f. famelica.
See famelica. f. flava. See yellow fever, f. Hun-
garica. Synonym of typhus, f. innominata, a fever
in which the clinical signs are lacking, f. lactea,
milk fever, f . nervosa, those febrile conditions which
appear to be primarily nervous in pathology, f.
nigra. Synonym of fever, cerebrospinal, f. pete-
chialis, typhus, f. recidiva. Synonym of relapsing
fever, f. recurrens. Synonym of fever, relapsing.
i. remittens. See fever, remittent. f. undulans,
Malta fever, f. variolosa, a form of smallpox
described by Sydenham with alarming initial symp-
toms but mild in its subsequent course. Called by
de Haen variola sine variolis,

fecal (Je'-kal) [feces]. Pertaining to, consisting of,
or discharging feces.

fecaloid (fe'-kal-oid) [fax; elSos, likeness]. Re-
sembling feces.

feces (Je'-sez) [fax, sediment; pi., faces]. The ex-
cretions of the bowels. The feces consist of excretions
and secretions from the intestine and of undigested
food, the latter being made up of digestible substances
that escaped digestion and of indigestible matters,
such as nuclein, cellulose, chlorophyl, and mineral
salts.

Fechner's law {fek'-ner) [Fustav Theodor Fechner,
German physicist, 1801-1887]. The intensity of a
sensation is proportional to the logarithm of the
stimulus.

fecula Jek'-u-lah) [dim. of fax, sediment]. 1. The
starchy part of a seed. 2. The sediment subsiding
from an infusion.

feculent Jek' -u-lent) [faculentus, dreggy]. Having
sediment.

fecundate (Je'-kun-dat). To impregnate; to render
pregnant.

fecundation Je-kun-da'-shun) [fecundity]. The act
of fertilizing, f., artificial, fecundation brought
about by the injection of semen into the vagina or
uterus through a syringe or other instrument.

fecundity (fe-kun'-dit-e) [fecunditas, fruitfulness].
The ability to produce offspring.

Federici's sign Ja-dar-e'-che) [Cesare Federici,
Italian physician, 1838-1892]. Perception of the
heart-sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of
perforative peritonitis with escape of gas into the
peritoneal cavity.

feeble (fe'-b'l). Lacking strength; weak, f.-
minded, idiotic.

feed (Jed) [ME., fedan, to nourish]. 1. To supply
with food; to graze; to eat. 2. Food, especially that
for lower animals; fodder.

feeder (fe'-der) [ME., fedan, to nourish]. An
instrument used in the forcible feeding of insane
patients who obstinately refuse to eat.

feeding (fe'-ding) [ME., fedan, to nourish]. The
taking of food or aliment, f., artificial, the intro-
duction of food into the body by means of artificial
devices, such as the stomach tube or in the form

of an enema. Also, the nourishing of a child by food
other then the mother's milk, f.-bottle, a glass-
flask armed with a rubber nipple, used in feeding
liquid food to infants, f.-cup, a cup used in the forci-
ble feeding of the insane, f., extrabuccal, the intro-
duction of food into the system by other channels-
than the mouth; by subcutaneous nutritive enema,
or intravascular injection of food materials; feeding-
after gastrotomy, through gastric fistula?, f., forci-
ble, the administration of aliment by compulsion to
such patients as refuse to take food in the natural
manner, f. by the rectum, the introduction of food
into the rectum in the form of an enema or sup-
pository.

feel (fel). To have a sensation of; to try by touch;
to have perception by means of the sense of touch.

feeling (fe'-ling). The sense of touch; any emotion
or sensibility; any conscious state of nervous ac-
tivity; any sensation, f.s, entoperipheral, sensa-
tions due to stimulation of the peripheral nerves
distributed to the interior of the organism, f.s,
epiperipheral, sensations due to stimulation of the
peripheral nerves distributed to the surface of the
body, including all the nerves of special sense, f.s,
presentative, primary sensations caused by direct
stimulation, f.s, representative, sensations pro-
duced bv indirect stimulation; revived feelings; ideas..

feet (fet). The plural of foot, q. v. f., frosted.
See chilblain.

Fehleisen's streptococcus (fa'-li-zen) [Friedrich
Fehleisen, German physician, 1854- ]. The
Streptococcus erysipelatis.

Fehling's solution (fa'-ling) [Hermann von Fehling,
German chemist, 1812-1885]. See under F.'s test
for glucose. F.'s test for glucose, two solutions
are required to be kept in two distinct parts in well-
stoppered bottles. (A) Dissolve 36.64 Gm. of copper
sulphate in 500 Cc. of water. (B) Dissolve 173 Gm.
of Rochelle salt in 100 Cc. of a solution of caustic
soda having a specific gravity of 1.34. and dilute
with water to 500 Cc. Mix equal volumes of A and B
for use; the result is a dark-blue fluid known as
Fehling's solution. The solution should always be
fresh, as tartaric acid has a tendency to become
converted into racemic acid, which reduces cupric
salts like sugar. Its absence should always be
ascertained by boiling the Fehling solution, which
should remain unaltered by this process. On addi-
tion of a solution of glucose and then boiling, a red
precipitate of the cuprous oxide or hydrate occurs.

feigned disease. See malingering.

fel [L.]. Bile. f. bovinum. Same as /. bovis.
f. bovis (U. S. P.), oxgall, f. bovis purificatum.
(U. S. P.), purified oxgall; it is said to be tonic and
laxative. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.).

fellatio Jel-a'-she-o) [L.]. The act of sexual
perversion referred to under fellatrice, q. v.

fellator (fel-at-or). Masculine form of fellatrice, q. v.

fellatrice (fel-at-res') [Ft.]. The female agent in
irrumation, who receives the male organ in her mouth
and by friction with the lips or tongue produces the
orgasm.

fellifiuous (Jel-if'-loo-us) [fel; fluere, to flow].
Flowing with gall.

fellitin Jel'-it-in). A proprietary' preparation of
oxgall for use in frost-bite.

fellmongers' disease. Anthrax; so called as
attacking dealers in fells, or pelts, and skins.

Fell's method [George E. Fell, American physician,
1850- ]. A method of forced respiration in
cases of narcotic poisoning or drowning, by means
of an apparatus consisting of a tracheotomy-tube
attached to a bellows.

felo-de-se (Je'-lo-de-se) [Sp.]. A suicide. Also,
any one who commits an unlawful malicious act, the
consequence of which is his own death.

felon (fel' -on). See paronychia.

Felt treatment of sciatica. Subcutaneous injection
of ^3 gr. (2 mg.) of atropine, followed in 48 hours
by a second dose of & gr. (2.6 mg.), 48 hours after,
5V gr. (3 mg.).

female (Je'-mal) [femina, woman]. 1. Pertaining
to the sex that conceives and bears young; pertaining
to woman. 2. Denoting that part of a double-
limbed instrument that receives the complementary
part. f. catheter, a catheter for emptying the
female bladder.

femininity (fem-in-in'-it-e) [femina, a woman].
The sum of those qualities that distinguish the
female sex.

FEMINISM

358

FERMENTATION

feminism (fem'-in-izm) [femina, a woman]. Ar-
rested development of the male organs of generation,
accompanied by various mental and physical ap-
proximations to the characters of the female sex.

feminonucleus (fem-in-o-nu'-kle-us) [femina,
woman; nucleus]. The embryonic female nucleus,
as distinguished from the corresponding male nucleus.

femoral (Jem'-or-al) [femur]. Pertaining to the
femur, f. arch, Poupart's ligament, f. artery. See
under artery, i. canal, a canal in the sheath of the
femoral vessels, to the inner side of the femoral vein,
through which, at times, a hernia descends, f.
hernia. See hernia, femoral, f. ligament of Hey.
See Hey's ligament, f. ring, the abdominal end of
the femoral canal, normally closed by the crural
septum and the peritoneum, f. sheath, a continua-
tion downward of the fascia? that line the abdomen.
It contains the femoral vessels.

femoralis (fem-or-a' -lis) [L.]. i. See femoral.
2. See quadriceps extensor femoris, in muscles, table of.

femoren (Jem'-or-en) [femur, the thigh-bone].
Belonging to the femur in itself.

femoro-articular (fem-or-o-ar-tik'-u-lar). Articu-
lating with the femur.

femorocele (fem'-or-o-sel) [femur; K17X7/, hernia].
Femoral hernia.

femoropopliteal (fem-or-o-pop-lit-e'-al). 1. Relating
to or contained in the thigh or popliteal space.
2. Relating to the dorsal aspect of the thigh.

f emoropopliteotibial (fem-or-o-pop-lit-e-o-tib'-e-al) .
Relating to the femur, popliteal space, and tibia.

femoropretibial (fem-or-o-pre-tib'-e-al). Relating
to the thigh and the anterior part of the leg.

femorotibial (fem-or-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to the
femur and the tibia.

femorovascular (fem-or-o-vas'-ku-lar) [femur; vascu-
lum, a little vase]. Relating to the femoral canal.

femur (fe'-mur) [L.]. 1. The thigh-bone. 2. The
thigh.

fence (fens) [abbreviation of defense]. A line of
cross-scarification made on the skin surrounding an
erysipelatous area, to which a germicide is applied,
to prevent progress of the disease.

fenestra (fen-es'-trah) [L., "a window"]. 1. In
anatomy, a name given to two apertures of the ear,
the /. ovalis and /. rotunda. 2. The open space in
the blade of a forceps. 3. An opening in a bandage
or dressing for drainage, etc. f . cochleae, f. cochlearis,
f. triquetra, the fenestra rotunda. See under ear.
f. semiovalis, f. vestibularis, f. vestibuli, the fenestra
ovalis. See under ear.

fenestral, fenestrate (fen-es'-tral, fen'-es-tral) [fen-
estra, a window]. Having apertures or openings.

fenestrated (fen-es'-tra-ted) [fenestra]. Perforated.
f. membrane of Henle, the layer of elastic tissue in
the intima of large arteries.

fennel {fen' -I). See fceniculum.

fenthozon (fen'-tho-zon). A proprietary disin-
fectant and deodorant said to consist of acetic acid,
26 Gm.; phenol, 2 Gm.; menthol, camphor, and oil
of eucalyptus, of each, 1 Gm., and oils of verbena
and lavender, of each, 0.5 Gm.

fenugreek (fen'-u-grek). The Trigonella fcenum-
grcecum, a leguminous plant cultivated in France and
Germany, the seeds of which contain two alkaloids,
choline and trigonelline. The seeds are employed
for the preparation of emollient poultices, enemas,
ointments, and plasters. They are not used inter-
nally.

Fenwick's disease [Samuel Fenwick, English
physician, 1821- ]. Primary atrophy of the
stomach.

feral (fe'-ral) [feralis, deadly]. Deadly or fatal;
as a feral disease.

feralboid (fer-al'-boyd). A peptonized albuminate
of iron. It is used in anemia, neurasthenia, etc.
Dose 5-I gr. (0.021-0.042 Gm.) 3 times a day.
Syn., feraldoid.

fercremol (fer'-kre-mol). A brown, tasteless com-
pound of iron and hemoglobin, containing 3 % of
iron. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.).

Fereol's nodosities (fa-ra-oV) [Louis Henri Felix
Fer'eol, French physician, 1825-1891]. Inconstant
subcutaneous nodosities observed in cases of acute
articular rheumatism.

Fereol-Graux's type of ocular palsy (fa-ra-ol'-gro1).
Associated paralysis of the internal rectus muscle
of one side and of the external rectus of the other;
it is of nuclear origin.

Fergusson's speculum (fer'-gus-un). [Sir William

Fergusson, Scotch surgeon, 1808-1877]. A vaginal
speculum in the form of a silvered glass tube with a
coating of caoutchouc.

ferine (fe'-rin) [ferinus, pertaining to a wild beast].
Noxious, malignant, or violent; as a. ferine disease.

ferisol (fer'-is-ol). A derivative of cinnamic acid
and guaiacol; a very soluble powder. Dose 15 gr.
(1 Gm.); intramuscularly, 15 min. (0.92 Cc.) of a
10 % solution.

fermang (fer'-mang). A proprietary peptonate of
iron and manganese.

f ermanglobin (fer-man-glo'-bin) . Hemoglobin com-
bined with iron and manganese; used in anemia.
Dose a teaspoonful to a dessert-spoonful (5-10 Cc).

ferment (fer'-ment) [fermentum, leaven; yeast].
Any substance which, in contact with another sub-
stance, is capable of setting up changes (fermentation)
in the latter without itself undergoing much change.
Ferments are classified into unorganized, or soluble,
and organized, or living, ferments. According
to the character of the fermentation, the unorganized
ferments are divided into amylolytic, proteolytic,
fat-decomposing, milk-curdling, and coagulating
ferments. Amylolytic ferments (sugar-producing or
diastatic ferments) convert starch into sugar. The
most important is ptyalin of the saliva; but similar
ferments are found in the pancreatic and intestinal
juice, bile, blood, milk, urine, etc. Proteolytic fer-
ments convert proteins into peptones and albumoses.
They are found in the stomach (pepsin), in the
pancreatic juice (trypsin), and elsewhere. A fat-
decomposing ferment is found in the stomach and in
the pancreatic juice. Milk-curdling ferment is found
in the stomach and the intestinal juice. The best
example of a coagulating ferment is the fibrin-ferment.
The organized or living ferments are the yeasts and
bacteria. See also fermentation, f., animal, one
secreted by the animal organism, f., chemical.
See enzyme, f.s, coagulating, the milk-curdling
ferment and fibrin-forming ferment (thrombin).
f., digestive, an enzyme, either of animal or
vegetable production, which acts upon a certain
kind of food. The digestive ferments embrace
the amylolytic, proteolytic, invertive, emulsive, and
the milk-curdling ferments, f., fibrin-. See fibrin-
ferment, f., glycolytic. 1. One existing in the liver,
which changes starch- into sugar; also any ferment
capable of decomposing sugar. 2. Lepine's name
for the internal secretion of the pancreas which
reaches the general circulation without entering
the intestinal tract, f.s, hydrolytic. See hydrolytic
ferments, f., inversiye, f., inverting. See invertin.
f.s, oxidation, f.s, oxidizing, ferments existing in the
cells and tissues of the body which act as oxygen-
carriers and act on hydrogen dioxide and neutral
oxygen as well; their activity is destroyed by heat.
Syn., oxidases; oxydases; tissue ferments, f., piaro-
lytic, one which decomposes fat. f., soluble. See
enzyme, f., steatolytic, one that splits fat into fatty
acids and glycerol, as steapsin of the pancreatic juice
and similar ferments found in seeds of poppy, castor-
oil beans, Indian hemp, corn, etc.

fermentable (fur-ment'-a-bl). Capable of being
fermented.

fermental (fur-ment'-al). Endowed with capacity
to produce fermentation.

fermentation (fer-men-ta' -shun) [ferment]. The
decomposition of complex molecules under the in-
fluence of ferments, f., acetic, the fermentation
whereby weak alcoholic solutions are converted into
vinegar; caused by Bacillus aceti, etc. f., alcoholic,
f ., spirituous, the conversion of saccharine substances
into alcohol; it is due to yeast-germs, f., am-
moniacal, that giving rise to ammoniacal gas and
carbon dioxide, which combine to form ammonium
carbonate. The agent of the ammoniacal fermen-
tation of urine is Micrococcus urea, f., butyric, the
conversion of sugars, starches, milk, etc., into butyric
acid, due to various microorganisms, especially
Bacillus butyricus. f., caseous, that by which the
conversion of milk into cheese is effected, f., diasta-
tic, the conversion of starch into glucose by the
action of ptyalin, etc. f., lactic, the "souring" of
milk, caused by Bacillus lacticus. f., propionic, the
production of propionic acid by Bacillus cavicida,
which decomposes saccharine solutions, f. test for
glucose, half fill a test-tube with a solution of dextrose,
and add a little dried German yeast. Invert the
tube over mercury and allow it to stand in a warm
place for 24 hours. The sugar will ferment, carbonic-

FERMENTEMIA

359

FERROUS

acid gas accumulates in the tube, and the liquid
gives the tests for alcohol. A control-experiment
should be made with yeast and water in another
test-tube, as a small yield of carbonic acid is often
obtained from impurities in the yeast. See also
Roberts, f.-tube, a glass tube used in the fermenta-
tion test for glucose, q. v. f ., viscous, a fermentation
characterized by the production of a gummysubstance.

fermentemia (Jer-men-te'-me-ah) [fermentum, leav-
en; alfia, blood]. The presence of a ferment in the
blood.

fermentogen (fer-menl'-o-jen) [fermentum, leaven;
yewav, to produce]. Any substance (like pepsinogen
or trypsinogen) that on the reception of the appro-
priate stimulus is changed into a ferment.

fern. Any cryptogamous plant of the order
Filices. See aspidium. i. female. Asplenium filix
fcemina. f ., male, Dryopteris filix mas.

ferralbumose (fer-al'-bu-mos) . A meat precipitate
treated with artificial gastric juice and ferric chloride.

ferralia (Jer-a'-le-ah) [ferrum, iron]. Medicinal
preparations of iron.

ferralum (fer'-al-um) [ferrum, iron; alumen, alum].
i. Any chalybeate. 2. A proprietary disinfectant,
consisting largely of the sulphate of iron and alumi-
num.

ferrated (fer'-a-ted). Combined with iron; con-
taining iron.

ferratin (fer'-at-in). A chemical compound of iron
and albumin, introduced as identical with the organic
iron component of food. It is used in anemia
and malnutrition. Dose 7§ gr- (0.5 Gm.) 3 times
daily, f., Schmiedeberg's, a nuclein in combination
with iron contained in liver. Syn., Zaleski's hepatin.

ferratogen (fer-at'-o-jen). An iron nuclein obtained
by cultivating yeast on a medium impregnated with
iron. It is used in treatment of chlorosis, the
preparation containing 1 % of metallic iron. Syn.,
ferric nuclein.

Ferrein's canal (fer-rin') [Antoine Ferrein, French
anatomist, 1692-1769]. A triangular channel,
supposed to exist between the free edges of the
eyelids when they are closed, and to serve for con-
ducting the tears toward the puncta lacrimalia
during sleep. F.'s cords, the true vocal cords. F.'s
foramen. See Fallopian hiatus. F.'s pyramids,
the medullary rays, pyramidal in shape, having their
apices at the periphery of the cortex of the kidney
and their bases in the boundary layer. F.'s tubes,
the convoluted uriniferous tubules.

ferri- (fer'-i) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix that indicates
the ferric, as distinguished from ferrous compounds.
Containing iron as a quadrivalent element.

ferri (fer'-i). Genitive of ferrum, iron.

ferric (fer'-ik). 1. Pertaining to or of the nature
of iron. 2. Containing iron as a trivalent or quad-
rivalent element, f. ammonium sulphate (ferri et
ammonii sulphas, U. S. P.). Dose 75 gf. (0.5 Gm.).
f. ammonium tartrate (ferri et ammonii tartras, U.
S. P.), iron and ammonium tartrate. Dose 4 gr.
(0.25 Gm.). f. chloride (ferri chloridum, U. S. P.),
iron perchloride. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). f. chloride,
solution of (liquor ferri chloridi, U. S. P.). Dose
2-10 min. (0.13-0.65 Cc). f. chloride, tincture of
(tinctura ferri chloridi, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min.
(0.65-2.0 Cc). f. citrate (ferri citras, U. S. P.).
Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). f. citrate, soluble
(ferri et ammonii citras, U. S. P.), ammonioferric
citrate; iron and ammonium citrate. Dose 2-5 gr.
(0.12-0.32 Gm.). f. citrate, solution of. Dose 10
min. (0.65 Cc). f. citrate, wine of (vinum ferri,
U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). f. hydroxide
(ferri hydroxidum, U. S. P.), hydrated oxide of iron,
an antidote to arsenic, f. hydroxide with magnesium
oxide (ferri hydroxidum cum magnesii oxido, U. S. P.),
an antidote to arsenic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.).
f. hypophosphite (ferri hypophosphis, U. S. P.).
Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). f. nuclein. See ferratogen.
f. phosphate, soluble (ferri phosphas solubilis, U. S.
P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). f. pyro-
phosphate, soluble (ferri pyrophosphas solubilis,
U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 gr. (0.23-0.32 Gm.). f. sub-
sulphate solution of (liquor ferri subsulphalis, U. S.
P.), Monsel's solution. Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc).

ferrichthol (fer-ik'-thol). A form of ichthyol iron
sulphonate which contains 3.5 % of organically
combined iron together with 96.5 % of ichthyol
sulphonic acid. It is odorless and tasteless, and is
used in the treatment of anemia and chlorosis. Dose
2 gr. (0.13 Gm.).

ferricyanide (fer-i-si'-an-id). A compound of
ferricyanogen, with an element or radical.

ferricyanogen (fer-i-si-an'-o-jen). A hexad radi-
cal, (FeCNa)=.

Ferrier's snuff (fer'-e-er). A snuff used in acute
rhinitis. Its formula is morphine hydrochloride gr.
ij, powdered acacia 3 ij, and subnitrate of bismuth,
3 vj. m

ferrinol (fer'-in-ol). Iron nucleid, a compound of
nucleol and iron oxide containing 6 % of iron.

ferripton (fer-ip'-ton). A proprietary preparation
said to contain 4 % of iron, 7 % of proteids, and
89 % of water. It is used in anemia and chlorosis.

ferripyrin (fer-e-pi'-rin). See ferropyrin.

ferrisalipyrine (fer-e-sal-e-pi'-ren) . Antipyrine fer-
rous salicylate, a yellow-brown powder showing a
green fluorescence.

ferro- (fer-o-) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix used with
the names of ferrous compounds.

ferrocyanic (fer-o-si-an'-ik). Composed of iron
and cyanogen.

ferrocyanide (fer-o-si'-an-id). A compound of
ferrocyanogen, with an element or radical.

ferrocyanogen (fer-o-si-an'-o-jen). A tetravalent
radical, Fe(CN)6.

f errocyanuret (fer-o-si-an'-ii-ret) . See ferrocyanide.

ferroferric (fer-o-fer'-ik). Containing iron in both
ferric and ferrous combinations.

ferrohemol (fer-o-hem'-ol). Hemol containing 3 %
of added iron. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.).

f enrol, ferroleum (fer'-ol, fer-o' -le-um) . A pro-
prietary 50 % emulsion of cod-liver oil containing
iron phosphate.

ferromagnesium sulphate (fer-o-mag-ne'-se-um sul'-
fat), FeS04. MgS04+6H20. A greenish powder,
used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.).

ferromagnetic (fer-o-mag-net'-ik). Having iron
as a constituent and possessing magnetic properties.

ferrometer (fer-om'-et-er) [ferrum; n'erpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for estimating quantita-
tively the iron in the blood.

ferropyrin (fer-o-pi'-rin), (CnHi2N20)3Fe2Cl6. A
hemostatic containing antipyrine, 64 %; iron, 12 %;
chlorine, 24 %. It is styptic, antiseptic, and astrin-
gent, and is applied externally in gonorrhea and
nosebleed. It is used internally in anemia, chlorosis,
neuralgia, in doses of from 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.).
Application, 1 to 1.5 % solution for gonorrhea; 20 %
solution for nosebleed.

f errosin (fer'-o-sin) . A granular or fine red powder
used as a pigment and said to contain iron oxide,
70 to 75 %; hme and albumin, 10 to 20 %; water,
10 to 15 %•

ferrosodium-citroalbuminate (fer-o-so-de-um-sit-
ro-al-bu' -min-at) . A hematinic containing 30 %
of ferric oxide. Dose 23 gr. (1.5 Gm.); children,
4-8 gr. (0.26-^-0.52 Gm.) in soup or syrup.

f errosof erric (fer-o-so-fer'-ik) . Containing iron as a
bivalent and a trivalent radical.

f errosof errous (fer-o-so-fer'-us). Applied to a salt
which is compounded of two ferrous salts.
. ferrosol (fer'-o-sol). A double combination of
ferric saccharate and saccharate of sodium chloride
occurring as a clear, black-brown liquid; used in
chlorosis, anemia, and neurasthenia. Dose 1 tea-
spoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times daily.

ferrosomatose (fer-o-so'-mat-os). A combination
of 2 % of iron with somatose; an odorless, tasteless
powder, soluble in water. It is used as a tonic in
chlorosis, anemia, and debility. Dose 75-150 gr.
(5-10 Gm.) daily; as a laxative, 150 gr. (10 Gm.).

ferrostyptin (fer-o-stip'-tin). A preparation of
iron and formaldehyde occurring in cubic crystals or
crystalline powder, soluble in water, melting at
1200 C. It is used as a noncaustic, antiseptic hemo-
static in dentistry. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.).

ferrous (fer'-us) [ferrum]. Containing iron as a
bivalent element, f . carbonate, mass of (massa ferri
carbonatis, U. S. P.), Vallet's mass. Dose 3-5 gr.
(0.2-0.32 Gm.). f. carbonate, pills of (pilulce ferri
carbonatis, U. S. P.), Blaud's pills, consist of ferrous
sulphate, potassium carbonate, sugar, tragacanth,
althea, glycerol, and water, f. carbonate, sacchar-
ated (ferri carbonas saccharatus, U. S. P.). Dose
5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). f. iodide, pills of (pilulce
ferri iodidi, U. S. P.), Blanchard's pills; each pill
contains 1 gr. of ferrous iodide, f., iodide, syrup of
(syrupus ferri iodidi, U. S. P.). Dose 15-30 min.
(1-2 Cc). f. sulphate (ferri sulphas, U. S. P.).
Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). f. sulphate, dried (ferri

FERROVIN

360

FEVER

sulphas exsiccatus, U. S. P.). Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.).
f. sulphate, granulated (ferri sulphas granulatus,
U. S. P.). Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.).

ferrovin (fer'-o-vin). A readily absorbable iron
preparation, used in anemia.

ferrozone (fer'-o-zon) [ferrum, iron; ofeif, to smell].
A material consisting in part of iron protosulphate;
it is used as a precipitant for sewage.

ferruginated (fer-u'-jin-a-ted). Having the proper-
ties of iron.

ferruginous (fer-u'-jin-us) [ferrum]. 1. Chalybeate.
2. Having the color of iron-rust.

ferrule (fer'-ul) [ferrum, iron]. A metallic hoop
placed around a broken tooth; an instrument used
with an attached lever in aligning irregularly placed
teeth.

ferrum (fer'-um) [L.]. Iron, Fe = 55.84. Quantiva-
lence II, IV. The most familiar and most useful of
all metals; it is found in many minerals, in nearly all
soils, in many mineral waters, and also occurs pure,
especially in the form of meteoric iron. Pure iron
is rare, nearly all commercial irons containing carbon
in various proportions. In pharmacy, iron is used
in the form of fine, bright, non-elastic wire, as reduced
iron, a metallic iron with a variable amount of iron
oxide, and in the form of salts. The therapeutic
properties of iron depend on its power to build up the
blood, it being a normal constituent of the red cor-
puscles; hence it is useful in all forms of anemia and
in the diseases depending upon the latter. Externally
many of the soluble salts of iron are used as styptic
and astringent lotions, f . dialysatum, dialyzed iron.
Dose of the solution 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc).
f. reductum (U. S. P.), reduced iron; iron by hydrogen;
Quevenne's iron. Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). See
also under ferric, ferrous, and iron.

fersan (fer'-san). A proprietary food-product
made from the red corpuscles of beef-blood.

fertile (Jer'-til) [fertilis, fruitful]. Prolific; fruitful.

fertilization (Jer-til-i-za'-shun) [fertile]. The art of
making fertile; impregnation.

Ferula (fer'-u-lah) [L.]. A genus of the order
Umbelliferce. See asafetida and galbanum.

fervor (fer'-vor) [L., "heat"]. Fever-heat; it is
defined as being more than calor and less than ardor.

fessitude {fes'-it-ud) [fessus, weary]. A sensation
of weariness.

fester (fes'-ter). 1. Any small or superficial ulcera-
tion. 2. To suppurate.

festination (fes-tin-a'-shun) [festinare, to hasten].
A gait that increases in rapidity; it is seen in paralysis
agitans.

fetal (fe'-tal) [fetus]. Pertaining to the fetus.
f. markings, furrows and embryonic markings found
in the adult kidney.

fetalism (fe'-tal-ism). The presence or persistence
of certain fetal conditions in the body after birth.

fetation (fe-ta'-shun) [fetus], 1. The formation of
a fetus. 2. Pregnancy.

feticide (Je'-tis-id) [fetus; cadere, to kill]. The
killing of the fetus in the womb.

fetid (fe'-tid, or fet'-id) [fetere, to become putrid].
Having a foul odor. f. stomatitis. Synonym of
ulcerative stomatitis.

fetish, fetich (fe'-tish). Any material object re-
garded with veneration or awe.

fetishism, fetichism (fe'-tish-izm) [Fr., fetich].
The association of lust with the idea of certain por-
tions of the female person, or with certain articles of
female attire.

fetishist, fetichist (fe'-tish-ist) [Fr., fetich]. An
individual whose sexual interest is confined exclu-
sively to parts of the female body, or to certain
portions of the female attire.

fetlock (fet'-lok). A tuft of hair growing behind
the pastern-joint of horses, f. -joint, the joint of a
horse's leg next to the foot.

fetlow (fet'-lo). A kind of whitlow or felon, seen
upon cattle.

fetography (fe-tog'-raf-e) [fetus; ypa<j>eiv, to write].
Skiagraphy of the fetus in utero; embryography.

fetometry (fe-tom'-et-re) [f»tus; n'erpov, measure].
The measurement of the fetus, especially of its
cranial diameters.

fetor {fe'-tor, or fet'-or) [L.]. Stench; offensive
odor. f. narium. Synonym of ozena.

fettmilch of Gaertner. A preparation obtained
by putting equal parts of milk and sterile water into
the drum of a centrifuge, which is then revolved
4000 times a minute. The fat in the milk collects

at the center, and may be drawn off with a tube
inserted. The milk obtained should contain the
same amount of fat as mother's milk, and by the
addition of 35 Gm. of lactose to the liter a milk is
produced which in composition resembles human
milk very closely. This should be sterilized.

fetus (fe'-tus) [foetus, offspring]. The unborn
offspring of viviparous animals in the later stages of
development, f. amorphous. See anideus. f. in
fetu (fetus within the fetus), the name applied to
those interesting inclusions in which the stronger
fetus in its growth had included within its organism
the parts of the weaker fetus, f. papyraceus, the
name given to the malformation resulting in twin-
pregnancy, when, owing to an inequality in the
circulation of the embryos, the weaker fetus dies, and
by continually increasing pressure of the growing
fetus is flattened more and more against the uterine
walls, until the mass has a thickness little greater
than stout parchment.

fever (fe'-ver) [febris, a fever]. 1. An elevation of
the body -temperature above the normal. 2. A
disease the distinctive characteristic of which is
elevation of temperature, accompanied also by
quickened pulse and respirations, increased tissue-
waste, and disordered secretions, f., absorption-,
a fever often occurring during the first 12 hours
after parturition, f., African hemoglobinuric. See
/., blackwater. f., asthenic, one in which there are a
weak circulation, a clammy skin, and a low state of
the nervous system, f., bilious remittent. 1. A
term sometimes used as a synonym of blackwater
fever. 2. Relapsing fever, f., blackwater, a disease
of the tropics characterized by sudden onset, fever,
chills, vomiting, and dyspnea. Syn., bilious hema-
turic fever; bilious remittent fever; hematuria fever;
hemoglobinuric fever, f .-blister. See herpes facialis.
f., brain-, fever associated with inflammation of the
cerebral meninges; meningitis, f ., breakbone. Syn-
onym of dengue, f., bubonic typhus, typhus fever
with inflammation, swelling, and suppuration of the
inguinal, parotid, axillary, submaxillary, or mammary
region, f., catarrhal, influenza, f., catheter. See
/., urethral, f., Cavite, an acute contagious disease
confined almost exclusively to Cavite naval station
in the Philippines. It is marked by sudden onset,
high temperature, severe muscular pain, and ex-
tremely tender and painful eyeballs, the incubation
period varying from two days to two weeks, f.,
cerebrospinal, an acute infectious disease charac-
terized by inflammation of the meninges of the
brain and cord with involvement of the superficial
layers of nerve-substance. See cerebrospinal menin-
gitis under exanthemata, table of. f ., Chagres, a malig-
nant form of malaria endemic on the isthmus of
Panama, f., childbed, puerperal fever, f., con-
tinued, one the course of which is free from remissions
or intermissions, f., dandy. Synonym of dengue.
f. dum-dum. Same as kala-azar, q. v. f., enteric.
See typhoid fever, f ., eruptive, or exanthematous,
one that is accompanied by an eruption on the skin.
f., estivoautumnal. See /., remittent, f., famine.
See relapsing fever, f., fatigue, that following
excessive muscular exercise, f., fracture, fever due
to fracture of a bone, f., Gaspard's putrid, fever due
to putrefaction of the intestinal contents, f ., gastric,
a term used indefinitely to indicate any febrile
ailment associated with abdominal symptoms.
f. glandular, an epidemic fever attacking children,
marked by swelling of the cervical lymph-glands.
f., hay-. See hay-fever, f., hectic, a diurnally inter-
mittent fever with the highest temperature in the
evening and accompanied by sweats and chills. . It is
found in tuberculosis and other diseases associated
with the absorption of septic products, f ., hematuric
bilious, f., hemoglobinuric. See /., blackwater.
f., hill-, the pernicious malarial fever of the hill
regions of India, f., intermittent, one in which the
symptoms intermit, with intermediate periods of
freedom from the febrile attacks, f ., littoral, malarial
fever in coast regions, f., low, fever of an asthenic
type, f., lung, croupous pneumonia, f., malarial.
See malarial fever, f., malignant, a severe and fatal
form of any fever, f., Malta. See /., Mediterranean.
f., Manila, a special type of pernicious fever occurring
in the hot months (April and May) in Manila and
sometimes becoming epidemic, f., Mediterranean,
a specific febrile disease of the Mediterranean coast,
characterized by long, irregular pyrexia, frequent
relapses, rheumatic complications, constipation, with

FEVERISH

361

FIBRINOLYSIS

no ulceration of Peyer's patches. The incubation
period is from 6 to 9 days. Temperature may
rise to 1060 F.; in fatal cases to uo° F. It is due to
Micrococcus melitensis, Bruce, f., melanuric (re-
mittent), blackwater fever, f., metabolic, a form of
fever common in children during the summer, due to
increased metabolism and increased tissue-waste
clogging the system, owing to inability of the ex-
cretory organs to dispose of the waste rapidly enough.
f., milk-, a slight form of puerperal septicemia,
formerly thought to be due to the formation of milk
in the mother's breast, f., paratyphoid, a condition
clinically identical with typhoid fever, but due to a
bacillus differing from Bacillus typhosus and B. coli
communis, f. post-typhoid, a fever likely to occur
directly after an attack of typhoid, f., puerperal.
See puerperal fever, f., purulent, the pyrexia attend-
ing suppuration, f., relapsing. See relapsing fever.
f., remittent, a paroxysmal fever with exacerbations
and remissions, but not intermissions; usually applied
specifically to remittent malarial fever, the type
caused by the estivoautumnal malarial parasite.
f., rheumatic, febrile symptoms developed in the
course of acute rheumatism, f., Roman, a malignant
malarial fever occurring in the Roman Campagna.
f., scarlet. See scarlatina, f., septic, one due to the
entrance of septic matter into the system, f ., simple
continued, a continued, non-contagious fever, varying
in duration from 1 to 12 days, and usually ending in
recovery, f ., spirillum. Synonym of relapsing fever.
f., splenic. Synonym of anthrax, f., spotted.
1. Synonym of cerebrospinal meningitis. 2. Syn-
onym of typhus fever. 3. The local name, among
the eastern foot-hills of the Bitter Root Mountains
(western U. S.), for an endemic disease characterized
by initial chill, constipation, fever, rapid pulse,
enlarged spleen, muscular soreness, severe pain in
head and back, and an eruption of macular spots,
varying from bright red to purple or brownish-red
in color. It is due apparently to a hematozoon to
which the name Piroplasma hominis has been given.
f., sthenic, a fever characterized by rapid, full pulse,
heat and dryness of the skin, high temperature,
scanty urine, and delirium, f., surgical, the pyrexia
consequent upon a surgical operation, f., Texas.
See Texas fever, f., thermic. Synonym of heat-
stroke, f., tick. 1. Texas fever. 2. Spotted fever
(2). f., traumatic, that following traumatism, f.,
tropical, yellow fever, f., typhoid. See typhoid
fever, f., typhotyphus, Pepper's name for mild
typhus marked by laxity of the bowels, tympanites,
epistaxis, and bronchial disturbance, the eruption
occurring on the fourth day and the crisis from the
tenth to the fourteenth day. f ., typhus. See typhus
fever, f., urban, a fever enduring about three weeks,
and similar to mild typhoid except that specific
symptoms are absent, f., uremic, one due to poison-
ing from urinary ptomaines; it has been observed
after operations on the urinary tract and in urinary
diseases, f., urethral, the febrile disturbance that
follows the use of the catheter or bougie, f., walking
typhoid. See under typhoid fever, f., yellow. See
yellow fever.

feverish (fe'-ver-ish) [febris, fever]. Somewhat
affected with fever; febrile.

fexism (Jeks'-izm) [Austrian]. A form of cretinism
seen in Styria (Austria) ; its victims are locally called
fexi.

F. F. P. S. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Faculty
of Physicians and Surgeons (of Glasgow).

fiat, fiant (fi'-at, fi'-ant) [pres. subj., third person,
sing, and pi., of fieri, to be made]. Let there be
made.

fiber, fibre (fi'-ber) [fibra, a thread]. A filamentary
or thread-like structure, f.s, accelerating, nerve-
fibers which convey impulses that hasten the rapidity
and increase the force of the heart-beat, f.s, arci-
form, f.s, arcuate, bow-shaped fibers on the anterior
aspect of the oblongata, f.s, association-, white
nerve-fibers situated just beneath the cortical
substance and connecting the adjacent cerebral gyri.
f.s, augmented, f.s, augmentor. See f.s, accelerating.
f.s, auxiliary. See f.s, secondary, f., axial. 1. The
axial band of a nerve-fiber. 2. The central spiral
filament, probably contractile, of the flagellum of the
spermatozoon, f.-cell, a cell elongated into a fiber,
f.s, collateral, the delicate lateral branches of the
nerve-process of a neuron; the paraxons. f.s,
commissural, fibers joining an area of the cortex of
one hemisphere to a similar area of the other, f.,

elastic. See tissue, yellow elastic, f . of Gerdy. See
under Gerdy. f.s, involuntary muscular, straight or
slightly bent, elongated, spindle-shaped, nucleated
cells, bearing more or less distinct longitudinal
striations, which make up involuntary or unstriped
muscles. Syn., nonstriated fibers; unstriated fibers;
unstriped fibers. See muscular tissue, f., muscle-.
See muscle-fiber, t., nerve-. See nerve-fiber, f.s,
osteogenic. See Sharpey's intercrossing fibers, f.s,
projection, fibers joining the cerebral cortex to lower
centers and vice versa, f.s of Remak, the nonmedul-
lated nerve-fibers, f.s, rivet-, protoplasmic processes
on the basal surface of the columnar cells of stratified
squamous epithelium, f.s, secondary, in a fibrous
structure, those of secondary importance. Syn.,
auxiliary fibers, f.s of Sharpey. See under Sharpey.
f., smooth muscular, a muscular fiber-cell, f.s,
spindle-, achromatic fibrils, f., spiral, the coiled
fiber peculiar to spiral fiber-cells. See under cell,
spiral fiber-, f ., straight, the coiled fiber in a bipolar
ganglion-cell. See under cell, spiral fiber-, f.s,
sustentacular, a supporting connective tissue that
unites the various layers of the retina, f., sweat-, a
nervous fibril which on stimulation produces sweating.
f.s, sympathetic, those of the sympathetic nerve.
f., t-, a branch given off at right angles to the axis-
cylinder of a nerve-cell, f.s of Tomes. See Tomes,
fibers of.

fibra (fi'-brah) [L. : pi., fibres]. Same as fiber.

fibralbumin (fi-bral-bu'-min). Globulin.

fibration (fi-bra'-shun) [fibra, fiber]. Fibrous
construction; arrangement of fibers.

fibremia, fibrsemia (fi-bre'-me-ah) [fibra, fiber;
al/ia, blood]. The presence of fibrin in the blood.

fibriform (fib'-ri-form) [fiber; forma, shape].
Shaped like a fiber.

fibril (fi'-bril) [fiber]. 1. A small fiber or component
filament of a fiber. 2. A name applied to minute
nerve filaments. 3. The subdivision of a muscular
fiber, f.s, achromatic, fibrils of achromatic, nuclear,
or cell-substance forming lines which extend from
pole to pole in a dividing nucleus so as to form a
spindle- or barrel-shaped figure, f.s, chromatic,
f.s, nuclear, the thread-like fibrils consisting of the
chromatin in a cell-nucleus.

fibrillar (fi'-bril-ar) [fibril]. Pertaining to fibrils.
f. contractions, spontaneous contractions successively
taking place in different bundles of muscular fibers;
they are seen in progressive muscular atrophy and
other diseases.

fibrillary (fi'-bril-a-re). Same as fibrillar.

fibrillation (fi-bril-a' -shun) [fiber]. 1. The forma-
tion of fibrils. 2. A localized quivering of muscular
fibers.

fibrin (fi'-brin) [fiber]. A protein formed in shed
blood, lymph, in other body-fluids, and in tissues
when these coagulate. It exists in the shape of
fibrils, granules, plates, or as a homogeneous material.
Fibrin forms about 0.2 % of the blood, f.-factors,
the substances necessary for and concerned in the
formation of fibrin. They are fibrinogen, fibrin-
ferment, and certain salts, f.-ferment, a ferment
obtained from blood-serum after clotting has oc-
curred. It is one of the fibrin-factors, and is probably
derived from the leukocytes, f.-globulin, Ham-
marsten's name for a globulin-like substance which
coagulates at about +640 C, in blood-serum, and
in the serum from coagulated fibrinogen solutions.
f. of Henle. See under Henle. f., vegetable. See
casein, vegetable.

fibrination {fi-brin-a' -shun) [fibra, a fiber]. The
acquirement of an abnormal amount of fibrin.

fibrinemia, fibrinaemia (fi-brin-e'-me-ah) [fibrin;
alfia, blood]. Same as fibremia.

fibrino- (fi-brin-o-) [fibrin]. A prefix meaning
relating to fibrin.

fibrinogen (fi-brin'-o-jen) [fibrino-; ytwav, to pro-
duce]. A protein of the globulin class, obtained
from blood-plasma and serous transudations. It
is one of the chief elements in the formation of fibrin.

fibrinogenic (fi-brin-o-jen'-ik) [fibra, a fiber; yewav,
to produce]. Of the nature of fibrinogen.

fibrinogenous (fi-brin-oj'-en-us) [see fibrinogen].
Forming or producing fibrin.

fibrinoglobulin (fi-brin-o-glob'-u-lin). See fibrin-
globulin.

fibrinolysis (fi-brin-ol'-is-is) [fibrino-; Xveiv, to
loose]. The partial dissolution which takes place
in fibrin if allowed to stand in contact with the
blood from which it was formed.

FIBRINOPLASTIC

362

FICARIN

fibrinoplastic (fi-brin-o-plas'-lik) [fibrino-; ir\&<raet.i>,
to form]. Of the nature of fibrinoplastin.

fibrinoplastin (fi-brin-o-plas'-tin). See paraglo-
bulin.^

fibrinoscopy (fi-brin-os'-ko-pe) [fibrin; fficoireZv, to
view]. Examination of fibrin of blood-clot, etc.;
See inoscopy.

fibrinosis (fi-brin-o'-sis). A condition marked by
excess of fibrin in the blood.

fibrinous (fi'-brin-us) [fibrin]. Of the nature of or
containing fibrin.

fibrinuria (fi-brin-u'-re-ah) [fibrin; ovpov, urine].
The passage of urine containing fibrin.

fibro- (fi-bro-) [fiber]. A prefix signifying relation
to fibers or to fibrous tissue.

fibroadenoma (fi-bro-ad-en-o'-mah). Adenoma hav-
ing fibrous tissue.

fibroareolar (fi-bro-ar-e' -o-lar) [fibro-; areola].
Containing fibrous tissue with an areolar arrangement.

fibroblast (fi'-bro-blast) [fibro-; /3AaoTos, a germ].
A cell that forms new fibrous tissue.

fibroblastic (fi-bro-blas'-tik). i. Pertaining to
fibroblasts. 2. Fibroplastic.

fibrobronchitis (fi-bro-brong-ki'-tis) [fibra, fiber;
bronchitis]. Bronchitis with the expectoration of
fibrinous casts.

fibrocalcareous (fi-bro-kal-ka'-re-us). Applied to
fibrous tumors which have undergone calcareous
degeneration.

fibrocarcinoma (fi-bro-kar-sin-o'-mah) [fibro- ; car-
cinoma: pi., fibrocarcinomata]. A carcinoma with
fibrous elements.

fibrocartilage (fi-bro-kar'-til-aj) [fibro-; cartilage].
Cartilage with an intermixture of fibrous elements.

fibrocartilaginous (fi-bro-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [fibro- ;
cartilago, gristle]. Composed of or containing
fibrocartilage.

fibrocellular (fi-bro-sel'-u-lar) [fibro-; cellular].
Both fibrous and cellular; fibroareolar.

fibrochondritis (fi-bro-kon-dri'-tis) [fibro-; xbrfpos,
cartilage; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
fibrocartilage.

fibroconnective (fi-bro-kon-ek'-tiv). Having a
fibrous structure and the function of connecting.

fibrocyst (fi'-bro-sist) [fibro-; Kvans, a cyst]. A
fibroma that has undergone cystic degeneration.

fibrocystic (fi-bro-sist'-ik). Fibrous and having
undergone cystic degeneration.

fibrocystoid (fi-bro-sist'-oid). Having the structure
of a fibrocyst.

fibrocystoma (fi-bro-sist-o'-mah). Fibroma com-
bined with cystoma.

fibrocyte (fi'-bro-sit) [fibro-; kvtos, cell]. A fibrous
tissue cell.

fibroelastic (fi-bro-e-las'-tik) [fibro-; elastic]. Con-
sisting partly of fibrous elastic tissue.

fibroenchondroma (fi-bro-en-kon-dro'-mah) [fibro- ;
enchondroma; pi., fibroenchondromata]. An enchon-
droma containing fibrous elements.

fibrofatty (fi-bro-fat'-e). Consisting of fibrous tissue
and fat-corpuscles.

fibrogen (fi'-bro-jen). See fibrinogen.

fibroglia (fi-bro' -gle-ah) [fibro-; y\la, glue]. The
supporting structure of connective tissue; it is
analogous to the neuroglia of the nervous system.

fibroglioma (fi-bro-gli-o'-mah) [fibro-; glioma], A
tumor having the elements of a fibroma and a glioma.

fibroid (fi'-broid) [fiber; eldos, likeness]. Re-
sembling fibers or composed of fibers; also, a fibroid
tumor, f. degeneration, transformation of mem-
branous tissue into fiber-like material, f. heart, a
chronic form of myocarditis in which there is a
development of fibrous connective tissue in the
cardiac muscle, f. induration. See induration,
fibroid, f. phthisis, chronic phthisis in which there
is a formation of fibrous tissue, f. tumor, a fibroma.

fibroidectomy (fi-broid-ek' -to-me) [fibroid; i/crop-h,
excision]. Excision of a fibroid tumor.

fibroin (fi'-bro-in) [fibra, fiber], C15H23N3O6. An
albuminoid; a white, shining substance, the chief
constituent of the cocoons of insects and spider-web.

fibrolaminar (fi-bro-lam' -in-ar) . Relating to a
fibrous layer.

fibrolipoma (fi-bro-lip-o'-mah) [fibro-; lipoma]. A
tumor of fibrous and fatty tissue.

fibrolysin (fi-brol'-is-in) [fibro-; Xwris, solution].
Trade name of a solution of thiosinamine sodium
salicylate; used in the treatment of keloids, or
excessive new connective tissue formation.

fibroma (fi-bro' '-mah) [fibro-; bpa, a tumor]. A

benign tumor composed of fibrous tissue, f., hard,
one containing few cells, being chiefly composed of
fibers, f. lipomatodes. Same as xanthoma, f,
molluscum. Synonym of molluscum fibrosum. f.,
soft, one rich in cells.

fibromatoid (fi-bro' -mat-oid) [fibroma; elSos, form].
Resembling a fibroma.

fibromatosis (fi-bro-mat-o'-sis). See fibrosis.

fibromatous (fi-bro' -mat-us) . Relating to a fibroma.

fibromucous (fi-bro-mu'-kus). Consisting partly of
mucosa and partly of fibrous tissue.

fibromuscular (fi-bro-mus'-ku-lar). Made up of
connective tissue and muscle.

fibromyitis (fi-bro-mi-i'-tis) [fibra, fiber; pus,
muscle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
muscle, leading to its fibrous degeneration.

fibromyoma (fi-bro-mi-o'-mah) [fibro-; myoma.]
A tumor composed of fibrous and muscular tissue.

fibromyomotomy (fi-bro-mi-o-mot'-o-me) [fibromy-
oma; Tenveiv, to cut]. The surgical removal of a
fibromyoma.

fibromyxoma (fi-bro-miks-o'-mah) [fibro-; myxoma].
A tumor composed of fibrous and myxomatous
tissue.

fibromyxosarcoma (fi-bro-miks-o-sar-ko'-mah). 1.
A tumor containing sarcomatous and myxoid tissue.
2. A fasciculated sarcoma which has undergone
myxoid degeneration.

fibroneuroma (fi-bro-nu-ro'-mah) [fibro-; neuroma].
A tumor composed of fibrous tissue and nerve-fibers.

fibronuclear, fibronucleated (fi-bro-nu'-kle-ar, -nu'-
kle-a-ted). Relating to tissue which shows many
nuclei and fibers.

fibropericarditis (fi-bro-per-e-kar-di'-tis). Fibrinous
pericarditis.

fibroplastic (fi-bro-plas'-tik) [fibro-; ir\aooeiv, to
form]. Tending to form fibers, f. tumor, small
spindle-celled sarcoma.

fibroplastin (fi-bro-plas'-tin). Same as paraglobulin.

fibropolypus (fi-bro-poV -ip-us) . A fibroid polypus.

fibropsammoma (fi-bro-sam-o'-mah). A tumor
consisting of fibromatous and psammomatous ele-
ments.

fibropurulent (fi-bro-pu' -roo-lent) . Consisting of pus
containing flakes of fibrin.

fibroreticulate (fi-bro-re-tik'-u-lat). Consisting of a
fibrous network or marked with interlacing fibers.

fibrosarcoma (fi-bro-sar-ko'-mah) [fibro-; sarcoma].
A sarcoma containing fibrous tissue, f ., mucocellular
(of the ovary), a form marked by a layer of large,
round, bladdery cells lying between the fibrils of the
connective tissue.

fibroserous (fi-bro-se'-rus) [fibro-; serous]. Hav-
ing the qualities of a fibrous and serous structure.
f.-s. membranes, thin, transparent, glistening
structures forming closed sacs, that contain certain
organs. They are the peritoneum, the two pleura?,
the pericardium, the tunica vaginalis testis, th£
arachnoid, and synovial membranes.

fibrosis (fi-bro' -sis) [fiber]. The development of
fibrous tissue, f., arteriocapillary, arteriosclerosis;
a primary and general fibroid degeneration of the
arterioles and capillaries developing about middle
life; the caliber of the vessels becomes diminished
and they lose their elasticity; there is atrophy of the
adjacent tissue, especially in the kidneys, together
with cardiac hypertrophy.

fibrositis (fi-bro-si'-tis) [fibro-; ins, inflammation].
Inflammatory hyperplasia of the white fibrous tissue
such as occurs in chronic rheumatism.

fibrotic (fi-brot'-ik). Pertaining to fibrosis.

fibrous (fi'-brus) [fiber]. Containing fibers; of the
character of fibrous tissue, f. tissue, the connective
tissue of the body.

fibula (fib'-u-lah) [L., "a buckle"]. 1. The slender
bone at the outer part of the leg, articulating above
with the tibia and below with the astragalus and
tibia. Syn., perone. 2. A clasp serving to unite the
edges of a wound or the opening of a canal.

fibular (fib'-u-lar) [fibula]. 1. Relating to the
fibula. 2. Relating to the outer border of the leg.

fibulation (fib-u-la'-shun). See infibulation.

fibulen (fib'-u-len) [fibula]. Belonging to the
fibula in itself.

fibulocalcaneal (fib-u-lo-kal-ka'-ne-al) [fibula; cal-
caneum]. Pertaining to or connecting the fibula and
the calcaneum.

F. I. C. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Institute
of Chemistry.

ficarin (fik'-ar-in) [ficus, a fig]. A neutral principle

FICARY

363

FILOVARICOSIS

obtained from the common ficary; it is used inter-
nally and externally for piles.

ficary (fik'-ar-e) [ficaria: ficus, a fig; a hemorrhoid].
The Ranunculus ficaria, pilewort, a common European
herb; long a popular remedy for piles.

ficiform (fis'-e-form) [ficus; forma, form]. Fig-
shaped.

Ficker's diagnosticum (fick' -erz-di-ag-nos' -tik-um)
[Philip Martin Ficker, German bacteriologist, 1868-
]. An emulsion of dead typhoid bacillus culture,
used in the Widal-Gruber test.

ficosis (fi-ko'-sis) . See sycosis.

ficus (fi'-kus) [L., "a fig-tree"]. 1. The fig. The
ficus of the U. S\ P. is the partially dried fruit of
F. carica, native of Asia Minor, and cultivated
throughout Europe and tropical America. It is
laxative and nutritious, and is a constituent of
confectio sennae. 2. Old name for a hemorrhoidal
or condylomatous tumor.

fidgets (fij'-ets). Uneasiness; restlessness; dys-
phoria, q. v.

fidicinales (fi-dis-in-a'-lez) [fidicen, a player on a
stringed instrument]. The lumbrical muscles of the
hand.

field (feld) [ME., feeld]. An open space or area.
f. of audition, f., auditory, the area surrounding the
ear, in every portion of which a given sound is audible
to the ear. f. of fixation. See fixation, field of.
f.s of innervation, special expansions in which the
motor nerves to the voluntary muscles terminate.
f., magnetic, the portion of space about a magnet in
which its action is felt. f. of a microscope, the area
that can be seen through a microscope at one time.
f. of vision, the space in which the patient can see
when the eye is fixed steadily on the object held in
the djrect line of vision.

Fieux's test for antipyrine (Je'-u). Add 2.5 Gm.
of sodium metaphosphate and 12 drops of sulphuric
acid to the suspected fluid, filter, and to the clear
filtrate add a few drops of sodium nitrate. If anti-
pyrine is present, a clear green color will develop.

fifth disease, erythema infectiosum. f. nerve.
See trifacial nerve, f. ventricle. See ventricle, fifth.

fig. See ficus. f .-wart, a moist condyloma.

figurate (fig'-u-rat). Having a fixed and definite
shape; arranged in a definite shape: said of skin
eruptions.

figure (fig'-ur) [figura, a form]. The visible form
of anything; the outline of an organ or part, f.,
achromatic (spindle), f., achromatin, a fusiform figure
assumed by the achromatic fibrils in a dividing cell.
f.s, adhesion, Rindfleisch's term for the pattern
produced in living protoplasm by the adhesion of
the two interpenetrating substances, the reticular
framework and the intervening matrix, f ., bistellate.
See amphiaster. f., chromatic (nuclear), f., chro-
matin, one of the figures formed by the chromatic
fibrils of the nucleus during karyokinesis. f., nuclear
(spindle or division). 1. Flemming's name for any
one of the forms assumed by the nucleus during
karyokinesis. 2. Strassburger's name for the spindle
stage of karyokinesis.

figwort (fig'-wert). The herb Scrophularia nodosa,
an alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. It is some-
times used in the form of an ointment for piles.
Dose of the fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc).

fila (fi'-lah) [L.]. Plural of filum, q. v. f . lateralia
pontis, a strand of fibers at the upper border of the
pons. Also called tenia pontis.

filaceous (fi-la'-she-us) [filunt, a thread]. Con-
sisting of threads or thread-like fibers or parts.

filament (fil'-a-ment) [filum]. A small, thread-like
structure, f., spermatic, the caudal filament of a
spermatozoon.

filamentation (fil-a-men-ta' -shun) [L., filum, a
thread]. Thread formation. A peculiar reaction
produced in certain bacteria {Bacillus coli communis,
Proteus, etc.) when they are brought in contact with
blood-serum, and consisting in the formation of
long interlacing threads. The reaction is best
obtained when the bacteria are suspended in serum
derived from the same individual from whose body
the bacteria were obtained (so-called "homologous"
serum).

filamentous (fil-a-ment'-us) [filament]. 1. Like a
thread, or made up of threads or filaments. 2. Cap-
able of being drawn out into filaments, like mucus.
3. Containing a stringy substance, as filamentous
urine.

filai(fi'-lar) [filum, a thread]. Filamentous.

Filaria (fil-a'-re-ah) [filum, a thread]. A genus of
nematode or threadworms, of the family Filar iida.
F. medinensis, an animal parasite, the female of
which works its way from the intestinal tract to the
subcutaneous tissue, where, after developing its
embryos, it is sooner or later set free by abscess-
formation and discharge. Syn., Guinea-worm. F.
sanguinis hominis, the female adult worm was
discovered by Bancroft of Brisbane; the male by
Aranjo, and the embryo by Demarquay and Lewis.
The embryos are about 0.35 mm. long, and inhabit
the lymph-channels of the lower extremities and the
scrotum. They lead to dilatation of the lymphatics,
to hyperplasia of the tissues, to chyluria, hematuria,
abscesses, etc. They are found in the blood at night.
Elephantiasis arabum and lymph-scrotum are due
to the filaria.

filarial (fi-la'-re-aV). Relating to the genus filaria.

filariasis (fil-ar-i'-as-is) [filaria]. A diseased state
due to the presence in the body of Filaria sanguinis
hominis or allied species.

Filatow's disease (fe'-lat-off) [Nil Filatow, Russian
physician, 1847- ]. 1. Acute febrile cervical
adenitis of children, probably identical with Pfeiffer's
glandular fever. 2. Fourth disease, q. v. F.'s spots,
Koplik's spots, q. v.

file (fil). See raspatory, xyster, f. -cutter's disease,
a form of pneumonokoniosis. f., dental, a tooth-file;
an instrument for the removal of a portion of one
or more teeth, and for the separation of teeth.

Alices (JU'-is-ez) [pi. of filix, a fern]. Ferns. See
filix.

filicic acid (fil-is'-ik). An acid, CuHieOs, extracted
from Aspidium filix-mas.

filicin (fil'-is-in) [filix, a fern]. 1. A yellowish
white, sticky, odorless powder extracted from the
root of Dryopteris filix mas. 2. Filicic anhydride.

filicism (fil'-is-izm). Poisoning from overdosage
of extract of male-fern.

filiform (fil'-if-orm) [filum, a thread; forma, form].
Thread-like. f. bougie. See bougie, filiform, f.
papillae, the smallest and. most numerous of the
papilla? of the tongue, occurring over its whole
surface, f. pulse, a small, thready, almost imper-
ceptible pulse.

Filipowicz's sign (fil-ip'-o-vitch) [Casimir Fili-
powicz, Polish physician]. A yellowish discoloration
of the prominent portions of the palmar and plantar
surfaces, seen in typhoid fever. Syn., Palmoplantar
phenomenon.

filipuncture (fil-e-punk'-chiir) [filum, a thread;
punctura, a puncture]. A method of treating aneu-
rysm by inserting wire threads, hair, or the like to
promote coagulation.

filix (fi'-liks) [L.: pi., filices]. _ A general name
for any fern. f. femina, or feminea, the fern now
called asplenium filix femina, female fern or spleen-
wort. See asplenium. f. mas, male fern. See
aspidium.

fillet (fil'-et) [Fr., filet, a thread]. 1. A loop for the
purpose of making traction on the fetus. 2. The
lemniscus, a band of nerve-fibers connected below
with the nucleus gracilis and nucleus caudatus of
the medulla and running upward through the pons
and crus cerebri to the cerebrum, a portion of the
fibers (lateral fillet) entering the posterior corpora
quadrigemina, another (mesal fillet) passing to the
anterior corpora quadrigemina and the optic thala-
mus. A part of the mesal fillet is continued into the
cortex, f. of the corpus callosum. See fascicle,
fornicate, f., olivary, a fasciculus of nerve-fibers
inclosing the olivary body of the medulla.

filling (fil'-ing). The material used in closing
cavities in carious teeth.

film. A pellicle or thin skin; an opacity of the
cornea.

filmaron (fil'-ma-ron). A proprietary anthel-
mintic from aspidium. f. oil, ten per cent, solution
of filmaron in castor oil.

filmogen (fil' -mo- j en). A protective vehicle for
applying medicaments in skin diseases, consisting of
pyroxylin dissolved in acetone with a small quantity
of castor<)il.

filopodium (fi-lo-po' -de-um) [filum, thread; 71-01*,
foot; pi., filopodia]. A slender, thread-like pseudo-
podium.

filopressure (fi'-lo-presh'-ur) [filum, a thread
pressure]. Compression of a vessel by means of a
wire or a thread.

filovaricosis (fi-lo^var-ik-o'-sis) [filum, a thread;

FILTER

364

FISTULA

varix, a dilated vein]. A varicosity of the axis-
cylinder of a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one.

filter (fil'-ter) [filtrum]. An apparatus for straining
water or other liquids to remove any undissolved
matters, f.-paper, an unglazed paper used for
filtration, f., Pasteur-Chamberland. See under
P asteur-Chamberland.

filth. Foul, offensive matter, f. -disease, any
disease due to filth, f.-dread. See mysophobia and
rupophobia.

filtrate (fil'-lrat) [filter]. The liquid that has passed
through a filter.

filtration (fil-tra'-shun) [filter]. The operation of
straining through a filter.

filtrum (fil'-trum) [L., "felt"; pi., filtra]. i. Felt.
2. A filter or strainer, filtra ventriculi, small vertical
channels on the back of the larynx between Mor-
gagni's cartilage and the inner edge of the arytenoid
cartilage. They end between the vocal bands at
the dorsal end of Morgagni's ventricle.

filum (fi'-lum) [L.]. Any thread-like or filamen-
tous structure; in surgery, a thread or wire. f.
coronarium, a thread-like ridge at the side of the
auriculo-ventricular opening, f. terminale, a long
slender thread of pia mater, the termination of the
spinal cord.

fimbria (fim'-bre-ah) [L.]. A fringe, f. cornu
Ammonis, the fimbria hippocampi, f . of Fallopian
tube, the fringelike process of the outer extremity of
the oviduct, f. hippocampi, a white band at the
bottom of the hippocampal fissure, f. ovarica, the
longest of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube.

fimbrial (fim'-bre-al) [fimbria, a thread]. Relating
to the fimbria or to fimbria?.

fimbriate (fim'-bre-at) [fimbria]. Fringed with
slender processes which are larger than filaments;
said of bacterial cultures.

fimbriated (fim'-bre-a-ted) [fimbria]. Fringed.
f. body, the corpus fimbriatum.

fimbriatum (fim-bre-a'-tum) [fimbria]. The corpus
fimbriatum.

fimbriocele (fim'-bre-orsel) [fimbria, a thread;
K17X17. hernia]. Hernia enclosing some or all of the
fimbriae of an oviduct.

fine (fin). Opposed to coarse, f. adjustment.
See adjustment.

finger (fing'-ger) [ME.]. A digit of the hand,
f., clubbed, a finger the terminal phalanx of which
is short and broad, with overhanging nail. It is
seen in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, congenital
heart disease, etc. f.-cot, a covering of rubber or
other material to protect the finger or to prevent
infection, f., mallet, a deformity marked by undue
flexion of the last phalanx, f., Morse, an affection
resulting from operating the Morse telegraph key.
f .-stall, a rubber cap for a finger.

Finney's operation (fin'-e) [John Miller Turpin
Finney, American surgeon, 1863- ]. A method
of performing of gastroduodenostomy.

Finsen light (fin'-sen) [Niels Ryberg Finsen,
Danish physician, 1860-1904]. Light from which
the heat rays are excluded and only the blue and
violet rays remain; it is used in phototherapy.
F.-l. treatment, a method of treatment by exposure
of the diseased part to the violet and ultraviolet rays
of the sun or of the electric arc light.

fir (fur). See abies. f., balsam-. See abies
balsamea.

fire (fir). 1. The visible heat of burning bodies.
2. A popular name for inflammation affecting the
skin, f.-damp, the gas contained in coal (marsh
gas), often given off in large quantities, and exploding,
on ignition, when mixed with atmospheric air. f.
measles. Synonym of rotheln. f., St. Anthony's.
"f., wild, erysipelas.

first cranial nerve, the olfactory nerve,
first intention. The healing of the lips of a wound
by immediate union without suppuration.

Fischer's test-meal. This consists of the bread
and water of the Ewald breakfast, and in addition a
quarter of a pound of finely chopped lean beef
broiled and slightly seasoned. It is to be removed
from the stomach in three hours.
fishberry. See cocculus indicus.
Fisher's brain-murmur. A systolic murmur heard
over the anterior fontanel or in the temporal region
in rhachitic infants. F.'s sign, a presystolic murmur
heard in cases of adherent pericardium without
"valvular disease.

fish-skin disease. See ichthyosis.

Fiske-Bryson's symptom. See Bryson's sign.

fission (fish'-un) [fissus; findere, to cleave]. Re-
production by splitting, into two or more equal parts.

fissipara (fis-ip'-ar-ah) [fissus; findere, to cleave;
par ere, to produce]. In biology, applied in a general
way to all organisms that multiply by spontaneous
self-division.

fissiparism, fissiparity (fis-ip'-ar-izm, fis-ip-ar'-
it-e) [findere, to cleave; par ere, to produce]. Propa-
gation by fission; fissiparous generation.

fissiparous (fis-ip'-ar-us) [fission; par ere, to pro-
duce]. Propagating by fission.

fissura (fish-il'-rah) [L.]. A fissure.

fissural (fish'-u-ral). Pertaining to a fissure.

fissuration (fish-ur-a'-shun) [findere, to split].
Same as fission. Also applied to the arrangement of
the fissures of various organs, such as the brain.

fissure (fish'-ur) [fissura], A groove or cleft.
A term applied to the clefts or grooves in various
organs, as the skull, the brain, the liver, the spinal
cord; also to cracks in the skin or linear ulcers in
mucous membranes, f. anal, a linear ulcer at the
mucocutaneous junction of the anus, giving rise to
intense suffering on defecation, f., auricular, one
in the petrous bone, f . of Bichat. See under Bichat.
f. of Broca. See under Broca. f., calcarine, one
on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum, between the
lingual lobule and the cuneate lobe, f., calloso-
marginal, one on the surface of the cerebral hemi-
sphere, dividing the area between the corpus callosum
and the margin into nearly equal parts, f., central.
See Rolando, f. of. f., collateral, one on the mesal
aspect of the cerebrum, between the subcalcarine
and subcollateral gyri. It is collocated with the
collateral eminence, f., dentate, the hippocampal
fissure, f. of the gall-bladder. See fossa cystica.
f., hippocampal. See hippocampal. f., interlobular,
f., longitudinal, the deep fissure that divides the
cerebrum into two hemispheres, f., occipital, a
deep fissure situated between the parietal and occipital
lobes of the brain, f., palpebral, the space between
the eyelids extending from the outer to the inner
canthus. f., portal. See /., transverse, f., posterior
median (of spinal cord), a deep, narrow groove ex-
tending the whole length of the spinal cord, in the
middle line posteriorly, f., precentral, a fissure in
front of the fissure of Rolando and parallel to it.
f., presylvian, the anterior branch of the fissure of
Sylvius, f., primary (of His), a fold extending along
the mesal line of the hemisphere, producing an ex-
ternal groove and an internal ridge. It begins at the
olfactory lobe, which it divides into a ventral and a
dorsal part, and, continuing backward in a curved
direction, joins the hippocampal sulcus, f. of
Rolando. See under Rolando, f., semilunar. See
/., calcarine. f., sphenoidal, a cleft between the great
and small wings of the sphenoid bone, f., spheno-
maxillary, one between the lateral margin of the;
superior maxilla and the orbital plate of the sphenoid
bone. f. of Sylvius. See under Sylvius, f., trans-
verse (of liver), a fissure crossing transversely the
lower surface of the right lobe of the liver. It
transmits the portal vein, hepatic artery and nerves,
and hepatic duct, f., umbilical, the anterior portion
of the longitudinal fissure of the liver.

fistula (fis'-tii-lah) [L., " a pipe"]. A narrow canal
or tube left by the incomplete healing of abscesses or
wounds, and usually transmitting some fluid — either
pus or the secretions or contents of some organ or
body cavity, f., abdominal, one in the abdominal
wall communicating with some of the abdominal
viscera, f., aerial, a small opening in the neck com-
municating with the larynx, following imperfect
closure of incised wounds of the throat. The voice
is defective in consequence, f., alveolar, one due to
necrosis of an alveolus, f., anal, a fistula in the
neighborhood of the anus, which may or may not
communicate with the bowel, f. ani congenita, an
anomaly of the anus the derivation of which is attri-
buted to the remains _of the posterior part of the
blastopore, f., anoperineal, an anal fistula opening
on the perineum, f., biliary, an abnormal channel
of communication with a biliary duct of the gall-
bladder, f., bimucous, one making a communication
between two mucous surfaces, f., blind, a fistula
open at one end only, f., blind, external, one the
only opening of which is on the exterior of the body.
f., blind, internal, one which opens only upon an
internal surface, f., branchial, an opening that ex-
tends from the surface of the neck to the pharynx;

FISSURED

365

FLEISCHMANN'S BURSA

it is an unclosed branchial cleft, f., cicatricial, one
lined with a cicatricial membrane, f., coccygeal.
See pilonidal fistula, f., complete, one having two
openings — an internal and an external, f., cysti-
cocolic, one leading from the gall-bladder to the
colon, f. Eck's. See under Eck. f., fecal, a fistula
communicating with the intestine, f. gastric, an
opening into the stomach, generally artificial, through
the abdominal wall. It is sometimes used for feeding
a patient who cannot swallow, f., horseshoe, a
variety of fistula in ano, the external opening being
on one side of the anus and the internal opening on
the other, f., labiform, one characterized by lip-
like protrusions at the outer margin, f., lacteal.
See /., mammary, f., mammary, or milk, a fistula
of the mamma or of its ducts, f., ostial. See /.,
labiform. f., rectovesicovaginal, a double fistula
giving rise to communication between the rectum,
the vagina and the urinary bladder, f. sacra, the
Sylvian aqueduct, f., sacral, a congenital fistula
occurring in the lumbosacral region, f., vesical, a
fistula of the urinary bladder, f. vesicovaginal, one
opening from the bladder into the vagina.

fissured (fish'-urd) [fissus; findere, to cleave].
Cleft; split.

fist. i. The firmly-closed hand. 2. Same as
bovista.

fistular, fistulate (fis'-tii-lar, -lat) [fistula]. Fistu-
lous; of the form or nature of a fistula.

fistulatome (fis'-tu-lat-om) [fistula; rkfiveiv, to
cut]. A cutting-instrument used in the operative
treatment of fistula.

fistulization (fis-tu-li-za'-shun). The act or process
of becoming fistulous.

fistuloenterostomy (fis'-tu-lo-en-ter-os'-to-me). The
operation of making a biliary fistula open perma-
nently into the small intestine.

fistulous (fis'-tu-lus) [fistula]. Of the nature of or
affected with a fistula.

fit [AS., fitt, a struggle]. A term applied to any
sudden paroxysm of a disease, but especially to an
epileptic convulsion.

Fitz's syndrome [Reginald Heber Fitz, American
physician, 1843-1913]. Intense pain in the epi-
gastric region, with vomiting and collapse, all of
sudden onset, and followed by tympanites; diag-
nostic of acute pancreatitis.

fixateur (feks-at-er). An amboceptor.

fixation {fiks-a' -shun) [fixus, fixed]. 1. The act
of fixing or making firm. 2. The operation of
rendering fixed, by means of sutures, a displaced or
floating organ, f. of the complement. See under
complement, f., field of, in optics, the region bounded
by the utmost limits of distinct or central vision, and
which the eye has under its direct control through
its excursions, without movements of the head.
f.-forceps, for fixing or holding a part in position
during a surgical operation.

fixative (fiks'-a-tiv). 1. Applied to any substance
used to fix tissues in the structural condition and
shape found in life or for fastening a microscopic
section to a slide. 2. See body, immune.

fixator (fiks-a' -tor) . See amboceptor.

fixed (fikst) [fixus, .firm]. Firm; immovable.
f. idea, a morbid belief, opinion, or conception,
entertained constantly by certain insane patients,
and more or less permanently dominating the entire
mind.

fixi dentes (fiks'-i den'-tez) [L.]. The teeth of the
second dentition.

fixing (fiks'-ing). The preparation of tissue for
microscopic study by means of some agent that
hardens it and preserves the form and arrangement
of the cells.

F. K. Q. C. P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the
King and Queen's College of Physicians (of Ireland) .

fl., or fid. Abbreviation of fluid.

flabby (flab'-e). Lax or flaccid; deficient in firm-
ness.

flabellate (flab-eV -at) [flabellum, a fan]. In biology,
fan-shaped; applied to leaves, antennae, etc.

flabellum (fla-bel'-um) [L., "fan"]. A group of
divergent fibers in the corpus striatum.

flaccid (flak'-sid) [flaccus, flaccid]. Soft; flabby;
relaxed.

flag, sweet-. See calamus.

Flagellata (flaj-el-la'-tah) [flagellum]. A subclass
of mastigosphora possessing one or more flagella.
In this class are the trypanosomata and the spiro-
chetal.

flagellate (flaj'-el-al) [flagellum]. Furnished with
slender, whip-like processes.

flagellation (flaj-el-a'-shun) [flagellare, to whip].
1. Flogging. 2. A term used by Ross for the extrusion
of chromatin granules from leukocytes in response to
artificial stimulation. 3. Sexual perversion where
gratification is produced by flogging. 4. Massage by
strokes or blows. 5. Application of electricity by
tapping the surface of the body.

flagelliform (flaj-el'-if-orm) [flagellum, forma, form].
Having the form of a flagellum or whip-lash.

flagellospore (flaj-el'-o-spor). See flagellula.

flagellula (flaj-el'-u-lah) [dim. of flagellum, a whip].
A flagellate spore; a zoospore.

flagellum (flaj-el'-um) [L., "a whip": pi., flagella].
A whip-like, mobile process; the organ of locomotion
of certain bacteria and infusoria.

flail (flal). An arm or leg not under muscular
control, f.-joint, a condition of preternatural
mobility frequently following resection of a joint.

Flajani's disease (fla-yan'-e) [Giuseppe Flajani,
Italian surgeon, 1741-1808]. See goiter, exophthalmic.

flank (flank) [ME., flank, from L., flaccus, soft].
The part of the body between the ribs and the upper
border of the ilium.

flap [ME.]. A loose and partly detached portion
of the skin or other soft tissue, f.-amputation, one
in which flaps of soft tissues are left to cover over the
end of the bone, f., anaplastic, a skin-flap aiding in
the restoration of a neighboring part, f., autoplastic,
one to replace a part that is destroyed, f. -extraction,
a method of extracting the crystalline lens so as to
make a flap of the cornea.

flash-point. The temperature at which a petro-
leum oil gives off vapors which, mixing with air,
cause an explosion or flash of flame, dying out,
however, at once.

flat. 1. Lying on one plane. 2. A percussion
note that is low pitched and without resonance.
f.-ear. See Morel's ear. f.-foot, depression of the
plantar arch; it differs from splay-foot or talipes
valgus in that the sole is not everted, f.-worm. See
tape-worm.

Flatau's law (flat'-ow) [Edward Flatau, Russian
physician, 1863- ]. "Law of the eccentric
situation of long tracts." The greater the length
of the fibers of the spinal cord, the nearer to the
periphery are they situated.

flatness (flat'-nes). The sound obtained by per-
cussing over an airless organ or large effusion.

flatulence (flat' -u-lens) [flatus], A condition
marked by the presence of gas in the stomach and
intestinal canal.

flatulent (flat' -u-lent) [flatus]. Characterized by
flatulence.

flatus (fla'-tus) [L.]. 1. Gas, especially gas in the
gastrointestinal canal. 2. Expired air. 3. Eructation,
f. vaginalis, expulsion of gas from the vagina.

flavedo (fla-ve'-do) [L.]. Yellowness or jaundice.

flavescent (flav-es'-ent) [flavescere, to become
yellow]. Yellowish.

flavopurpurin (flav-o-pur' -pu-rin) [flavus, yellow;
purpura, purple], C14H5O5. A pigment occurring in
golden-yellow, acicular crystals.

flavus (flav'-us) [L.]. Yellow.

flax (flaks). See linum. f. -dresser's phthisis, a
fibroid pneumonia resulting from the inhalation of
particles of flax.

flaxseed (flak'-sed). See linum.

flay (fla). To skin.

flea (fle). See pulex.

fleabane (fle' -ban). See erigeron.

fleam (film) [4>\efioTbnov, a lancet; from #Ae^, a
vein; refiveiv, to cut]. A phlebotome.

Flechsig's column (flek'-sig) [Paul Emil Flechsig,
German neurologist, 1847- ]. The direct cere-
bellar tract of the spinal cord. F.'s tract, F.'s oval
field, the septomarginal tract of the spinal cord.

fleece of Stilling. See under Stilling.

Fleischl's reaction for bile-pigments (fli'-shl).
Add, by means of a pipet, concentrated sulphuric
acid to urine already treated with a concentrated
solution of sodium nitrate. The sulphuric acid sinks
to the bottom of the test-tube and produces color-
layers, as in Gmelin's test.

Fleischmann's bursa (flish'-man) [Gottfried Fleisch-
mann, German anatomist, 1777-1850]. A bursa
lying in the sublingual space beneath the lingual
frenum. Its existence is disputed. F's hygroma,
distention or inflammation of F.'s bursa.

FLEMING'S MODIFICATION

366

FLUID

Fleming's modification of Wassermann's test.
A much simplified serum-test for syphilis based upon
the same principles as the Wassermann reaction.
F.'s tincture, an alcoholic preparation of aconite
stronger than the official tincture. Dose 2 min.
(0.13 Cc.);

flemmgin (flem-in'-jin). A pigment obtained from
warras, occurring in small needles.

Flemming's fibrillary mass [Walter Flemming,
German anatomist, 1843- ]. Spongioplasm.
F.'s germ-centers. The areas in the adenoid tissue
of the spleen and lymphatic glands in which leuko-
cytes are formed. F.'s solution, a mixture used in
histological study as a fixing agent for tissues. It
consists of 15 parts of 1 % solution of chromium
trioxide, 4 parts of a 2 % solution of osmic acid, 1
part of glacial acetic acid.

flesh [AS., flaesc]. The soft tissues of the body,
especially the muscles, f., proud, the soft and
exuberant granulations of a wound or ulcer, f.-
quotient, Argutinsky's term for the relationship of
the carbon to nitrogen in flesh; it is, on an average,
3.24 : 1.

fleshy {flesh' -e). Mainly composed of muscular
tissue.

Fletcherism (fletsh'-er-izm) [Horace Fletcher, Ameri-
can dietitian, 1849- ]. The thorough mastication
of solid food, until all taste of the food is lost.

flex (fleks) [flectere, to bend]. To bend.

flexibilitas (fleks-ib-il'-it-as) [L.j. Flexibility.
f. cerea, a condition of the limbs in catalepsy in
which they seem as if made of wax.

flexible (fleks' -e-bl) [flex]. That which may be
bent, as a flexible catheter, flexible collodion.

flexile (fiex'-il) [flexilis, pliable]. Easily bent.

Flexner's bacillus (fleks'-ner) [Simon Flexner,
American bacteriologist, 1863- ]. A bacillus
which is said to cause dysentery. F.'s serum, an
antimeningococcus serum, used in epidemic cerebro-
spinal meningitis.

flexion (flek'-shun) [flex]. The act of bending;
the condition of being bent.

flexor (fleks' -or) [flex]. A muscle that bends or
flexes a limb or a part. See under muscle.

flexuous (fleks' -u-us) [flectere, to bend]. In bi-
ology, alternately curved in opposite directions.

flexura (fleks-u'-rah) [L., a bending], A bending
or curve in an organ.

flexure (fleks'-ur) [flex]. A bending, f., caudal,
the bend at the lower portion of the embryo, f.,
cephalic, the arching over of the cephalic end of the
embryo, f., hepatic (of the colon), an abrupt bend
in the ascending colon to the right of the gall-bladder
at the under surface of the liver, f., sigmoid. See
sigmoid flexure, f ., splenic (of the colon) , an abrupt
turn beneath the lower end of the spleen, connecting
the descending with the transverse colon.

flighty (fli'-te) [Dan., vlugtig, volatile]. Slightly
delirious.

Flindt-Koplik's sign. See Koplik's spots.

rflint-disease. Synonym of chalicosis.

Flint's arcade [Austin Flint, American physician,
"1812-1886]. The arteriovenous arch around the
base of the renal pyramids. F.'s murmur, a second
systolic murmur heard over the apex in cases of
marked dilatation of the ventricle from aortic insuf-
ficiency.

floating (flo'-ting) [AS., fleotan, to float]. Swim-
ming; free to move around, f. albumin. See al-
bumin, circulating, f. kidney, one that is detached
from its normal position and abnormally movable.
f. liver, one with abnormal mobility; movable liver.
f. rib. See rib, floating, f. spleen, one that is
separate from its attachments, and displaced.

flocci (flok'-i) [L. Plural of floccus, a tuft], f.
volitantes. Same as muscce volitantes.

floccilegium (flok-sil-e'-je-um) [floccus, a. flock of
wool; legere, to pick outl. Carphology.

floccillation (flok-sil-a'-shun) [flocillatio]. Same as
carphology.

floccose (flok'-os) [floccus, a flock of wool]. 1. Com-
posed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long and soft
hairs. 2. A bacterial growth composed of short
curving filaments. .,

floccular (flok'-u-lar) [flocculus, a little flock of
wool]. Pertaining to the flocculus.

flocculence (flok'-u-lens) [see flocculus]. Flakiness;
the state of being flocculent.

fiocculent (flok'-u-lent) [see flocculus]. Flaky,
downy, or woolly; coalescing in flocky masses.

flocculus (flok'-u-lus) [dim. of floccus, a flock of
wool; pi., flocculi]. 1. A prominent lobe of the
cerebellum situated behind and below the middle
cerebellar peduncle on each side of the median fissure.
2. A small flock of wool or something resembling it;
a tuft, shred, or flake, f., accessory, the para-
flocculus. ■•

Floegel's layer (fie' -gel). The layer of granules in
the transparent lateral disc of a muscle-fibril.

Flood's ligament (flud) [Valentine Flood, Irish
surgeon, 1800-1847]. The glenohumeral ligament.

flooding (flud'-ing) [AS., flod, a flood]. A copious
bleeding from the uterus.

floor (flor) [ME.]. The basal limit of any hollow
organ or open space, f.-cells, those found in the
floor of Corti's arch. f. of the pelvis, the united
mass of tissue forming the inferior boundary of the
pelvis.

flora (flo'-rah) [Flora, the goddess of flowers].
The entire plant-life of any geographical area or
geological period.

Florence's crystals (flor'-ens) [Albert Florence,
French physician, 1851- ]. Brown crystals, in
the shape of needles or plates obtained by treating
semen with a strong solution of iodine and potassium
iodide (Florence's reaction); they are also formed
in the secretions of the prostate, uterus, vagina, etc.
F.'s reaction. See above. This is not wholly
reliable as a test for human spermatic fluid, since
the crystals can also be found in the spermatic fluid
of animals.

flores (flo'-rez) [pi. of flos, a flower]. 1. The
flowers or blossoms of a plant. 2. A flocculent or
pulverulent form assumed by certain substances
after sublimation, as flores sulphuris, flowers of
sulphur.

florid (flor'-id)[. floridus, abounding with flowers]
Bright-red in color; rosy as a florid cheek, or counte-
nance, f. phthisis. See galloping consumption.

Florida allspice. See allspice, Carolina.

flos [L.]. A flower. Singular of flores, q. v.

floss (flos'). Silk which has not been twisted.
f.-silk. See silk.

flour [flos, a flower]. The finer part of the ground
grain, especially of wheat.

Flouren's doctrine (flu-renz1) [Marie Jean Pierre
Flourens, French physiologist, 1794-1867]. A theory
that the whole of the cerebrum is concerned in every
psychic process.

flow (flo) [AS., flowan, to flow]. The free dis-
charge of a liquid, as the blood; the menses.

flower (flow'-er). See flores.

Flower, angle of [Sir William Henry Flower,
English anatomist, 1831-1899]. In craniometry,
the naso-malar angle.

F. L. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Linnaean
Society.

fluavil (flu'-av-il), C20H32O2. A transparent yel-
lowish resin found in gutta percha.

flucticuli (fluk-tik' -u-li) [pi. of flucticulus, a wave-
let]. Bergmann's name for the fine, wave-like
markings on the surface of the lateral wall of the
third ventricle, ventrad of the anterior commissure.

fluctuation (fluk-tu-a' -shun) [fluctuare, to float or
roll]. The wave-like motion produced when a
body containing fluid is tapped between the fingers
or hands.

Fluhrer's probe (flu'-rer) [William Francis Fluhrer,
American physician, 19th century]. An aluminum
probe used in investigating gunshot wounds of the
brain.

fluid (flu' -id) [fluere, to flow]. 1. A substance
whose molecules move freely upon one another;
any liquid secretion of the body. 2. Liquid or
gaseous, f., allantoic, the fluid contents of the
allantois. f., amniotic, a serous liquor filling the
cavity of the amnion, f., cerebrospinal, the fluid
between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.
f., Coley's. See under Coley. f., colostric. See colos-
trum, f., Darby's prophylactic. See under Darby.
f.-dram. A liquid measure equalling 56.96 grains
of distilled water, f . extract. See extractum fluidum.
f., Haffkine's prophylactic. See under Haffkine.
f. labyrinthine, the perilymph, f., Lang's fixative.
See under Lang, f.-ounce. A liquid measure, eight
fluidrams. f., Scarpa's, the endolymph. f., subar-
achnoid. See cerebrospinal fluid, f ., van Gehuchten's
fixative. See under van Gehuchten. f . vein, the name
given to the eddies produced in a cavity of the heart
by regurgitating blood coming in contact with the

FLUID ACETEXTRACT

367

FOLIE

current entering the cavity in the normal direction.
The oscillation of the particles of blood are attended
with a blowing sound or murmur.

fluidacetextract (flu-id-as-et-eks'-trakt). A fluid-
extract made with acetic acid instead of alcohol.

fluidextract {flu-id-ek'-strakt). A solution of the
solid principles of a vegetable drug, of such strength
that i Gm. of the drug is fully represented by i Cc.
of the fluidextract.

fluidounce {flu-id-owns'). A liquid measure; eight
fluidrams.

fluidram {flu-id-ram'). A liquid measure equal to
56.96 grains of distilled water.

fluinol {flu'-in-ol). A proprietary preparation of
pine and fir needles with volatile oils; it is used as a
sedative addition to baths, or for inhalations or
gargles.

fluke {fluk) [ME., floke]. Any trematode worm.
flumen {flu' -men) [L.; pi., flumina]. 1. A flow.
2. A name given by Duret to the principal cerebral
fissures.

fluor {flu-or) [L., a flow]. 1. A liquid state.
2. The menstrual flow. f. albus, white flow; an old
name for leukorrhea. f. muliebris. Synonym of
leukorrhea.

flucram {flu'-or-am). Ammonium bifluoride; used
as an application to the gums in pyorrhoea alveo-
laris.

fluorescein, fluorescin {flu-or-es'-e-in, flu-or -es' -in),
C20H12O5 +H2O. An anhydride of resorcinol, pre-
pared by heating phthalic anhydride with resorcinol
to 2000 C. It has the property of coloring abrasions
of the cornea greenish, and on this account has been
used for diagnostic purposes, f. -sodium, a 2 %
alkaline solution employed in diagnosing corneal
lesions and in the detection of minute foreign bodies
in that tissue; it is suggested as a means of deter-
mining apparent death by injection of 16 gr. (1.03
Gm.); if circulation remains, the mucosae will be
stained yellow within a few minutes. Syn., uranni.
fluorescence {flu-or-es'-ens) [fluor {fluor-spar),
because first observed in this mineral]. A property
possessed by certain substances of converting obscure
actinic rays, such as the ultraviolet, into luminous
rays.

fluorescent {flu-or-es'-ent). Having the property
of fluorescence, f. screen, a screen covered with
substances which become fluorescent on exposure to
the roentgen-rays.

fluoride {flu'-or-ide) [see fluorine]. A compound
of fluorine and a base.

fluorine {flu'-or-en) [fluor-spar], F=iq; quanti-
valence I. An element belonging to the chlorine
group. The salts formed with the alkaline metals,
fluoride, have been used in goiter and in rheumatism.
See elements, table of chemical.

fiuoroform {flu-or' -o-f or m) [fluorine; forma, form],
CHF3. A gas, the fluorine analogue of chloroform.
f. -water {aqua fluoroformii) , a watery solution
(2.8 %) of flucroform, used in tuberculosis and lupus.
Dose 1 tablespoonful 4 times daily. Syn., fluoro-
formol.

fluoroformol {flu-or-o-form'-ol). See fluoroform-
water.

fluorol {flu'-or-ol), NaF. Sodium fluoride, an
antiseptic.

fluorometer {flu-or-om' -et-er) [fluorescence; ukrpov,
a measure]. A device for adjusting the shadow in
skiagraphy; a localizer in roentgen-tay examination.
fiuoroscope {flu-or' -os-kop) [fluorescence; a/co-relv,
to examine]. The instrument for holding the
fluorescent screen in roentgen-ray examination.

fluoroscopy {flu-or-os'-ko-pe). The process of
examining the tissues by means of a fluorescent
screen.

fluorphenytol {flu-or-fen' -et-ol) , (CeH4F)2. A cal-
mative and hypnotic; it is used in whooping-cough.
fluorrheumin {flu-or-ru'-min). The commercial
name of fluorphenetol-difluorodiphenyl, prepared as
an ointment and used in the treatment of rheuma-
tism. Dose 77 gr. (5 Gm.) externally.

flush. A temporary redness, as the hectic flush,
sometimes due to vasomotor paresis.

flushing {flush' -ing) . 1. A frequent symptom in the
subjects of cardiac palpitation, and especially in
Graves' disease. It implies a condition of vasomotor
irritability with a paresis of the arterioles in certain
areas. It is often accompanied by local perspiration.
It is seldom a marked symptom of organic disease.
2. The process of cleansing by a rapid flow of liquid.

flux {fluks) [fluxus, flowing]. 1. An excessive flow
of any of the excretions of the body, especially the
feces. 2. Dysentery. f., alvine, diarrhea, f.,
bloody, dysentery.

fluxion {fluk' -shun) [fluxus, a flowing]. A gathering
of blood or other fluid in one part of the body;
congestion, or hyperemia.

fly {fli)- A dipterous insect, f. -agaric. See
agaricus muscarius. f.-blister, flying blister. See
blister.

focal (Jo'-kal) [focus]. Pertaining to or occupying
a focus, f. depth, the power of a lens to give clear
images of objects at different distances from it.
f. disease, f. lesion, one that is limited to a small
area. f. distance, the distance from the focus to
a reflecting or refracting surface, or, in the case
of a lens, to the principal point of the lens. f. epi-
lepsy, epilepsy, due to a focal lesion of the brain.
Syn., Jacksonian epilepsy.

focil {fo'-sil) [focile, a spindle]. Any bone of the
forearm or leg. f. majus, the ulna. f. majus cruris,
the tibia, f. minus, the radius, f. minus cruris,
the fibula.

focus (Jo'-kus) [L., "a fireplace"; pi., foci]. 1. The
principal seat of a disease. 2. The point (called
principal focus or real focus) at which rays of light
converge that pass through a convex lens or are
reflected from a concave mirror, f., negative, f.,
virtual, the point at which divergent rays would
meet if prolonged in a backward direction.

focusing (Jo'-kus-ing) [focus]. The mutual ar-
rangement of an object and the optical parts of a
microscope so that a clear image may be seen.
f. down, in microscopy, focusing by moving the
objective down or toward the object, but at the risk
of damaging it. f. up, focusing by moving the
objective up or away from the object.

fosniculum {fen-ik'-u-lum) [L*]. Fennel. The
fruit of F. vulgare, the properties of which are due
to a volatile oil. It is a mild stimulant and aromatic
carminative, foeniculi, aqua (U. S. P.), 2 parts of
the oil of fennel in 1000 of water. Dose | dr.-i oz.
(2-32 Cc). foeniculi, oleum (U. S. P.), oil of fennel.
Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc).

Foerster's shifting type (Jers'-ter) [Richard Foerster,
German ophthalmologist, 1825-1902]. Variations in
the visual field, the limits of which differ according
as they are determined by moving the disc from
the center outward or from without toward the
center; they are seen in traumatic neuroses.
foetal {fe'-tal). See fetal.
f oetor {fe'-tor) . See fetor.
foetus {fe'-tus). See fetus.

fogging maneuver. In repression treatment of
esophoria, the reduction of vision to about §8 by
combining prisms (varying with the muscular im-
balance), bases in, with a convex sphere, with which
combination glasses the patient reads a half-hour at
night before retiring.

foil [folium, a leaf]. A thin sheet of metal used
for filling teeth, f. carrier, f. plugger, a kind of
tweezers used to convey the foil to the cavity in the
tooth, f. crimpers, an instrument for folding foil.

fold {fold) [ME.]. A plication or doubling of
various parts of the body, f., arytenoepiglottidean.
See under arytenoepiglottic. f., costocolic, that which
extends from the diaphragm opposite the tenth and
eleventh ribs to the splenic flexure of the colon, and
forms a shelf-like structure above which lies the
spleen, f., ileocolic, a semilunar fold of the peri-
toneum which is attached to the anterior layer of
the mesentery, the anterior aspect of the ascending
colon, and the cecum as far as the vermiform ap-
pendix. Syn., Luschka's fold, f., palpebral, that
formed by the reflection of the conjunctiva from
the eyelids on to the eye. There are two folds —
superior and inferior, f., pituitary, the two layers
of dura inclosing the hypophysis.

folia (Jo'-le-ah) [pi. of folium, leaf]. Leaves,
foliaceous (Jo-le-a'-se-us) [folium, a leaf]. Leaf-
like.

Folian process [Caecilius Folius, Italian anatomist,
1615-1660]. The processus gracilis of the malleus,
folders (Jol'-derz). English usage for pince-nez or
"eye-glasses."

folie {fo-le') [Ft.]. Insanity, f. a deux {fo-W-
ah duh') [Ft.]. See insanity, communicated. f.,
alternate, cyclic insanity, q. v. f. circulaire {fo-le-
ser-ku-lar') , cyclic insanity, f. de doute. See
doubt, insanity of.

FOLIN'S TEST

368

FORAMEN

Folin's test (fo'-lin) [Otto K. O. Folin, American
chemist, 1867- ]• 1. (Quantitative for urea):
The urine is boiled with magnesium chloride, and
the urea is decomposed into carbon dioxide and
ammonia; the latter is then estimated. 2. (Quanti-
tative for uric acid): The uric acid is precipitated with
ammonia, ammonium urate being formed, this latter
is oxidized with potassium permanganate.

folium (fo'-le-um) [L., a leaf: pi., folia]. 1. In
biology, a leaf. 2. Any lamina or leaflet of gray
matter, forming a part of the arbor vitae of the
cerebellum, f, cacuminis, a lobule on the upper
surface of the vermis, f. vermis, the terminal lobule
in the superior worm of the cerebellum.

follicle (fol'-ik-l) [folliculus, dim. of follis, a bel-
lows]. 1. A small lymphatic gland, the tissue of
which is arranged in the form of a little sac; also a
small secretory cavity or sac. 2. A simple tubular
gland, f., dental, the dental sac and its contents,
the developing tooth, f., Graafian, one of the small
vesicular bodies in the ovary, each of which contains
an ovum, f., hair, the depression containing the
root of the hair, f.s of Lieberkiihn. See Lieber-
kuhn, crypts of. f., lymph, collection of adenoid
tissue in mucous membranes, f.s, sebaceous, the
sebaceous glands of the skin, f.s, solitary, small
discrete lymph-follicles found in the mucous mem-
brane of the intestine.

folliclis (fol'-ik-lis). A skin disease of tuberculous
subjects characterized by a macular eruption which
later becomes nodular and then pustular.

follicular (fol-ik' -u-lar) [follicle}. Pertaining to a
follicle, f. tumor, a sebaceous cyst.

folliculitis (fol-ik-u-li'-tis) [follicle; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a group of follicles.

folliculitis abscedens infantum, follicular furuncu-
losis of children, f., agminate, inflammation of a
set of follicles, f. barbae, inflammation of the hair-
follicles of the beard; sycosis, f. decalvans, inflam-
matory disease of the hair follicles resulting in
patches of baldness.

folliculoma (fol-ik-u-lo'-mah). A tumor originating
in a follicle, f. ovarii malignum, a malignant tumor
of a Graafian vesicle.

folliculose (fol-ik' -u-los) [follicle]. Full of follicles.

folliculosis (fol-ik-u-lo'-sis). A disease in which
there is excessive development of the follicles.

folliculus (fol-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of follis, bag: pi.
folliculi]. Follicle, f. oophorus primarius, a follicle
surrounding the undeveloped ovum in the ovary,
f. oophorus vesiculosus, a Graafian follicle, f.
pili, a hair-follicle, f. solitarius, a solitary follicle.

fomentation (fo-men-ta' -shun) [fomentare, to fo-
ment]. 1. The application of heat and moisture to
a part to relieve pain or reduce inflammation. It
may be made by means of cloths soaked in hot water
or medicated solution or by a poultice. 2. The
substance applied to a part to convey heat or mois-
ture.

fomes (fo'-mez) [L., "tinder"; pi., fomites]. Any
substance capable of acting as the medium for
transmitting contagion.

fomites (fo'-mi-tez). Plural of fomes.

fons pulsatilis (Jons pul-sat'-il-is) [L.]. The
anterior fontanel.

Fontana's bands (fon-tah'-nah) [Felice Fontana,
Italian anatomist, 1 730-1 805]. The wavy arrange-
ment presented by nerve-fibers, which lie alongside
one another in loose spirals, in places where con-
siderable mobility is possible. F.'s canals, F.'s
spaces, the minute spaces occupying the angle of
the iris and communicating with the aqueous
chamber and Schlemm's canal.

fontanel, fontanelle (fon-tan-eV) [Fr., fontanelle, a
little fountain]. A membranous space between the
cranial bones in fetal life and infancy, f., anterior,
that at the point of union of the frontal, sagittal, and
coronal sutures, f. Casser's, f. of Casserius. See
f.s, lateral, f., Gerdy's. See under Gerdy. f., great.
See/., anterior, f.s, lateral, two membranous spaces,
one in front between the parietal, frontal, and
temporal bones (the anterior lateral or sphenoid fon-
tanel), and one behind between the parietal, occipital,
and temporal bones (the posterior lateral, mastoid, or
Casser's fontanel). They usually disappear the year
after birth, f., nasofrontal, an abnormal one at the
union of the nasal and frontal bones, f., posterior,
that at the point of junction of the lambdoid and the
sagittal sutures, f., small. See /., posterior, f.,
supraorbital, in comparative embryology, a cordate

membranous space between the occipital cartilage
and the skull.

fonticulus (fon-tik' -u-lus) [dim. of fons, fountain].
1. The depression at the root of the neck, just
cephalad of the sternum; more fully fonticulus
gutturis. 2. A small artificial ulcer or issue. 3. Same
as fontanel, f. major, f. quadrangularis, the anterior
fontanel, f. minor, f. triangularis, the posterior
fontanel.

food [AS., foda]. Anything which, when taken
into the body, is capable of building up tissue, or,
by oxidation, of supplying heat.

foot [ME.]. 1. The terminal extremity of the
leg. It consists of the tarsus, metatarsus, and
phalanges, or toes. 2. The base of a microscope.
3. A measure of length equal to 12 inches, or 30.479
cm. f.-and-mouth disease, a febrile affection of
sheep, cows, pigs, and horses, rarely of man, mani-
festing itself by the appearance of vesicles and bullae
in the mouth and on the feet. It is probably due to
a special microorganism. f,-cells, Sertoli's cells.
f.-clonus. See ankle-clonus, f.-drop, a falling of
the foot due to a paralysis of the flexors of the ankle.
f., fungus-. See Madura-foot, f.-pound, the work
equal to that of raising a pound to the height of one
foot. f. -reflex. See ankle clonus, f., tabetic. 1. An
extension of the foot in preataxic tabes observed when
the patient is lying down. 2. An affection of the
foot in the beginning of tabes, marked by numbness
and formication, followed by hypertrophy of the
head of the astragalus, scaphoid, cuneiform, and
metatarsal bones.

footling (foot' -ling). With the foot or feet fore-
most; as a footling presentation in obstetrics.

forage (for'-aj) [OF., four age]. Fodder. f.-
poisoning, the preferred term for the so-called epi-
zootic cerebrospinal meningitis of horses. It is
attributed to a fungus upon the ensilage.

foramen (for-a'-men) [for are, to pierce: pi., fora-
mina}. A perforation or opening, especially in a
bone, f., aortic, an opening in the diaphragm trans-
mitting the aorta, f., apical, the passage at the end
of the' root of a tooth for the neural supply to the
dental pulp, f., arachnoid, an opening in the roof
of the fourth ventricle, f., auditory, external, one
located in the external meatus of the auditory canal;
it transmits sound-waves to the tympanic membrane.
f., auditory, internal, one located in the petrous
portion of the temporal bone; it transmits the
auditory and facial nerves, f., Bichat's. See under
Bichat. f., Botallo's. See under Botallo. f., cecal
(of frontal bone), a small foramen formed by the
frontal bone and the crista galli of the ethmoid; it
transmits a vein occasionally, f., cecal (of medulla
oblongata), one located in a depression at the termi-
nation of the anterior median fissure, f., cecal (of
pharynx), one located in a depression in the mucous
membrane, in the median line of the posterior wall
of the pharynx, f., cecal (of tongue), one located
in the posterior termination of the median raphe of
tongue; a number of small glands open into it.
f., condyloid, anterior (sometimes double), that
anterior to and to the outer side of each occipital
condyle, passing downward, outward, and forward
through the basilar process; it transmits the hypo-
glossal nerve; occasionally a meningeal branch of the
ascending pharyngeal artery, f., condyloid, pos-
terior, the fossa behind the occipital condyles; it
transmits a vein to the lateral sinus, f., cotyloid, a
notch in the acetabulum converted into a canal by a
ligament; transmits vessels and nerves, f., dental,
inferior, the external aperture of the inferior dental
canal, in the ramus of the inferior maxilla; it trans-
mits inferior dental vessels and nerves, f., eso-
phageal, passage through the diaphragm for the
esophagus, f., ethmoid, anterior, a canal between
the ethmoid and frontal bones, transmitting the
nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve and anterior
ethmoid vessels, f., frontal, the supraorbital notch
of the frontal bone when it is converted into a
canal by a bony process; it transmits the supraorbital
vessels and nerves, f., Galen's. See under Galen.
f., incisor, the aperture of the incisor canal in the
alveolar margin; it transmits nerves and vessels to
the incisor teeth, f., infraorbital, in the superior
maxilla, the external aperture of the infraorbital
canal; it transmits the infraorbital nerve and artery.
f., interclinoid, common, a canal formed by an
anomalous process connecting the anterior, middle,
and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone.

FORAMEN

369

FORDYCE'S DISEASE

f., interventriculare, the foramen of Monro, q. v.
f., intervertebral, anterior, the aperture formed
by the notches opposite to each other in the lamina?
of adjacent vertebra?; it is a passage for the spinal
nerva? and vessels, f., intervertebral, posterior, the
space between the articular processes of adjacent
vertebra?, except the first cervical, f., jugular.
See /., lacerated, posterior, f. jugulare spurium, a
foramen in the temporal bone of the embryo trans-
mitting a vein from the lateral sinus to the external
jugular, f., lacerated, anterior. See /., sphenoidal.
f., lacerated, middle, an irregular aperture between
the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
and the body and great wing of the sphenoid, and
the basilar process of the occipital bone; it is an
opening for the carotid artery and the large super-
ficial petrosal nerve, f., lacerated, posterior, the
space formed by the jugular notches of the occipital
and temporal bones, divided into two portions: the
posterior portion transmits the internal jugular vein;
the anterior portion, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh
cranial nerves and the inferior petrosal sinus, f.
lacerum. Same as /., lacerated, f., Magendie's.
See under Magendie. f. magnum, a large oval
aperture, centrally placed in the lower and anterior
part of the occipital bone; it transmits the spinal
cord and its membranes; the spinal accessory nerves;
the vertebral arteries, f., mastoid, a small foramen
behind the mastoid process. It transmits a small
artery from the dura; a vein opening into the lateral
sinus, f., medullary. See /., nutrient, f., mental,
a foramen in the inferior maxilla, external to the
incisive fossa, forming a passage for the mental
nerve and vessels, f. of Monro. See under Monro.
f., nutrient, the canal conveying the nutrient vessels
to the medullary cavity of a bone, f., obturator,
the large ovoid opening between the ischium and
the pubis, internal and inferior to the acetabulum;
it is partly closed in by a fibrous membiane; it trans-
mits the obturator vessels and nerves, f., occipital.
See /. magnum, f., olfactory, numerous foramina
in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, transmitting
the olfactory nerves, f., omental, lesser or small.
See Winslow, f. of. f., optic, the canal at the apex
of the orbit, the anterior termination of the optic
groove, just beneath the lesser wing of the sphenoid
bone; it transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic
artery, f. ovale (of the heart), a fetal opening
between the two auricles of the heart, situated at the
lower posterior portion of the septum, f. ovale (of
the sphenoid), an ovoid aperture near the posterior,
margin of the great wing of the sphenoid, trans-
mitting the inferior maxillary division of the tri-
geminal nerve; the small meningeal artery; occasion-
ally, the small petrosal nerve, f., palatine, anterior,
the orifice of the incisor canal in the anterior part
of the roof of the mouth, constituting the opening
for the nasopalatine nerve and a branch of the
posterior palatine artery, f., palatine, posterior,
the orifice of the posterior palatine canal upon the
posterior part of the hard palate; it transmits the
descending palatine artery, f., parietal, is near the
posterior superior angle of the parietal bone; incon-
stant. It conveys an emissary vein of the superior
longitudinal sinus; occasionally a small branch of the
occipital artery, f., pterygopalatine, the external
aperture of the pterygopalatine canal, transmitting
the pterygopalatine vessels and pharyngeal nerve.
f., quadrate, a passage in the diaphragm for the
inferior vena cava. f. rotundum, a round opening
in the great wing of the sphenoid bone for the su-
perior division of the fifth nerve, f., sacral, anterior
(four on each side), on the anterior surface of the
sacrum, connecting with the sacral canal, and trans-
mitting the anterior branches of the sacral nerves.
f., sacra1, posterior (Jour on each side), on the posterior
surface of the sacrum, external to the articular
processes, and transmitting the posterior branches
of the sacral nerves, f., sacrosciatic, great, the oval
space between the lesser sacrosciatic ligament and
the innominate bone, conveying the pyriformis
muscle, the gluteal, sciatic, and pudic Vessels and
nerves, f., sacrosciatic, small, the space included
between the greater and lesser sacrosciatic ligaments
and the portion of the innominate bone between the
spine and tuberosity of the ischium ; it transmits the
internal obturator muscle, the internal pudic vessels
and nerves, f.s of Scarpa. See under Scarpa.
f. of Soemmering. See under Soemmering, f.,
sphenopalatine, the space between the sphenoid and

orbital processes of the palate bone; it opens into
the nasal cavity and transmits branches from
Meckel's ganglion and the nasal branch of the
internal maxillary artery, f . spinosum, a passage
in the great wing of the sphenoid bone, near its
posterior angle, for the middle meningeal artery.
f.s of Stenson. See under Stenson. f., stylomastoid,
one between the styloid and mastoid processes of the
temporal bone; it is the external aperture of the
Fallopian aqueduct, f., supraorbital, a notch in the
superior orbital margin at the junction of the middle
with the inner third, sometimes converted into a
foramen by a bony process or a ligamentous band;
it transmits the supraorbital artery, veins, and nerve.
f.s of Thebesius. See under Thebesius. f ., thyroid,
i. One in the ala of the thyroid cartilage. 2. See
/., obturator, f.s, transverse accessory, anomalous
foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical
vertebrae transmitting an inconstant accessory
vertebral artery, f., vertebral, the space included
between tne body and arch of a vertebra, trans-
mitting the spinal cord and its appendages, f.s,
vertebrarterial, foramina in the transverse processes
of the cervical vertebra? for the vertebral artery
and vein, f., Weitbrecht's. See under Weitbrecht.
f. of Winslow. See under Winslow.

foraminated (jo-ram' -in-a-ted) [foramen]. Con-
taining foramina.

foraminiferous (jo-ram-in-if'-er-us). Same as
foraminated.

foraminulate, foraminulous, foraminulose (for-
am-in' -u-ldt , -lus, -Ids). Furnished with very minute
openings.

force (fors) [fortis, strong]. That which produces
or arrests motion, f., absolute muscular, the
maximum capacity of shortening shown by a muscle
subjected to maximum stimulus, f., chemical,
that form of energy which holds atoms together in a
molecule, f., electromotive, the force producing an
electric current, f., plastic, the generative force of
the body.

forced (forst) [fortis, strong]. Accomplished by an
exertion of force, f. feeding. 1. Systematic over-
feeding as a therapeutic measure. 2. Feeding per-
formed against the will of the patient.

forceps (for'-seps) [L., "a pair of tongs"]. 1. An
instrument with two blades and handles used for
purposes of drawing on or compressing an object.
2. The curved bundles of fibers passing from the
corpus callosum to the cerebral hemispheres, f.,
alveolar, forceps used in removing portions of the
alveolar process, f., anterior, the forceps minor,
q. v. f., axis-traction, an obstetrical forceps specially
constructed to enable pulling in the direction of the
pelvic axis, f., bone, a forceps used for cutting bone.
f., dental, forceps used for the extraction of teeth.
f., dressing, forceps used for handling surgical
dressings, f., duckbill, forceps furnished with duck-
bill-shaped beaks used for extraction of roots of
teeth, f., epilating, forceps for pulling out hairs.
f., fixation, forceps for holding structures in a fixed
position during an operation, f., hemostatic, a
forceps for controlling hemorrhage, f., obstetrical,
forceps used for extracting the fetus, f. major, a
curved band of fibers passing from the splenium to the
occipital lobe. f. minor, a curved band of fibers
passing from the genu of the callosum to the frontal
lobe, f., posterior, the forceps major, q. v. f.,
rongeur. See rongeur. f., • sequestrum, strong
forceps with serrated jaws of medium length; used
for holding or removing the detached portion of bone
forming a sequestrum.

Forchheimer's exanthem (for' -shi-mer) [Frederick
Forchheimer, American physician, 1853- ]. A
maculopapular rose-red eruption on the soft palate
and uvula, regarded by Forchheimer as charac-
teristic of rubeola in the absence of any cutaneous
eruption.

forcipal (for'-sip-al). Relating to forceps.

forcipate, forcipated (for'-sip-at, -a-ted) [forceps].
Shaped like a forceps.

forcipressure (for'-se-presh-ur) [forceps; pressura,
a pressing]. The catching the end of the divided
vessel with a pair of spring-forceps, which are left
on for some time for the purpose of preventing
hemorrhage.

Fordyce's disease (for'-dis) [John Addison Fordyce,
American dermatologist, 1858- ]. A disease
affecting the mucous membrane of the lips, consisting

FORE

370

FORMULA

of patches of milium-like bodies, and characterized
by itching and burning.

fore {for) [AS.]. In front; coming first.

forearm (for' -arm). That part of the arm between
the wrist and the elbow.

forebrain {for' -bran). The anterior of the en-
cephalic vesicles into which the primary nervous
axis of the embryo divides at an early stage: the
prosencephalon.

forefinger (for'-fing-er). The index-finger.

foregilding (for' -gild-ing) . A term designating the
histological process of treating perfectly fresh nerve
tissues with salts. Cf. aftergilding.

foregut (for' -gut). The embryonic tube corre-
sponding to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum.

forehead (for'-ed). That part of the face above the
orbits.

foreign (for' -en). Alien; exotic; not native; irre-
levant, f. body, a substance in a wound, organ, or
cavity not normally present.
• forekidney (for'-kid-ne). The pronephron.

Forel's ventral tegmental decussation (for'-el)
[A. For el, Swiss physician]. Crossing of the tract
from the red nucleus and the rubro-spinal tract to
the opposite side.

foremilk (for' -milk). Colostrum.

forensic (for-en'-sik) [forensis, belonging to the
forum]. Pertaining to a court of law. In medicine,
that part of the science connected with judicial
inquiry.

foreskin {for' -skin). The prepuce.

Forest's method of resuscitation. The child is
placed on its face, and quick, firm pressure is made
on the back; then it is placed in a pail of hot water,
and the hands carried upward until the child is
suspended by its arms, and mouth-to-mouth insuf-
flation is practised; the arms are then lowered and
the body doubled forward; these movements are
repeated at the rate of 40 a minute.

forewaters (for'-waw-terz). Hydrorrhea gravida-
rum.

fork. A name frequently given to the space
between the thighs.

form [forma, shape]. The external shape or con-
figuration of the body, or of a part of a body.

f ormacoll (for' -mak-ol) . See formaldehydegelatin.

Formad's kidneys (for'-mad) [Henry F. Formad,
American physician, 1847-1802]. The elongated
and enlarged kidneys of chronic alcoholism.

formagen (for'-maj-en). A proprietary dental
cement.

formal (for'-mal). See methylal.

f ormalbumin (jor-maV -bu-min) . See formaldehyde-
casein.

formaldehyde (f or -mal' -de-hid). Formic aldehyde
(q. v.). f. acetate, CaH804, an antiseptic, f. bi-
sulphite, H . COH . Na2S205, an antiseptic, f.-
casein, a condensation-product of casein and form-
aldehyde; it is an inodorous surgical antiseptic.
Syn., f ormalbumin. f.-cotoin, used in tuberculous
diarrhea and in chronic catarrh of the bowels. Dose
4-8 gr. (0.25-0. s Gm.). Syn., fortoin; methylene-
dicotoin. f .-gelatin, a combination of 2 % of formal-
dehyde added to a warm aqueous solution of gelatin;
the resultant mass is powdered and used as a surgical
dressing. Syn., f ormacoll ; glutol. f., para-, (CH2CO3,
obtained from formaldehyde by heat; antiseptic- and
astringent; used internally in cholera nostras and
as a surgical dressing. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97
Gm.) several times daily. Syn., polymerized formal-
dehyde; triformal. f. phenolsulphonic acid, 2(CH2-
OH).C6H3.OH; a wound antiseptic, f., solution
of (liquor for maldehydi, U. S. P.), an aqueous solution
containing not less than 37 % by weight of absolute
formaldehyde. It is a powerful antiseptic. By
means of heat it may be converted into a gas, which
is widely used for the disinfection of rooms and
dwellings previously exposed to contagion, f., test
for, phenylhydrazin has been proposed by Vitali as a
test for formaldehyde. A mixture of the two giyes
rise to a milky discoloration; eventually a yellowish
deposit is precipitated upon the sides of the test-
tube. In concentrated solutions the turbidity ap-
pears immediately. In solutions of a strength of
1 : 100 the reaction occurs after a few seconds; in
those of 1 : 1000, in 1 minute; in those of 1 : 10,000,
in 5 minutes; in those of 1 : 100,000, in 2 to 3 hours.
See also Kentmann.

formalin (for'-mal-in) [formica, an ant]. A pro-

prietary substance composed of a 40 % solution of
formaldehyde. It is used as an antiseptic and as a
fixing-agent in histological studies.

formalith (for' -mal-ith) . The proprietary name
for diatomaceous earth saturated with a solution of
formaldehyde.

formalose (for' -mal- os). A 40 % solution of
formaldehyde.

formamide (for' -mam-id), CH3NO. One of the
amides.

formamint (form'-am-int). Trade name of a
preparation containing formaldehyde and lactose.

forman (for' -man). See ether, chlormethylmenthyl-.

formanganate (for-man'-gan-at). A mixture of
potassium permanganate and formalin; it is used to
disinfect rooms.

formanilide (form-an' -il-id) [formica, an ant;
aniline], C7H7NO. A substance obtained on digesting
aniline with formic acid, or by rapidly heating aniline
with oxalic acid. It consists of colorless prisms,
readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, melting
at 460 C.

formate (for' -mat). A salt of formic acid.

formatio (for-ma'-she-o) [L.]. A formation, f.
reticularis, the intercrossing of the fibers of the
anterior columns in the medulla.

formation (for -ma' -shun) [formatio]. A thing
formed or the process by which it is formed.

formative (for'-ma-tiv) [formatio]. Concerned in
the formation of tissue, f . cells, large, spherical cells
beneath the hypoblast, f . yolk, the part of the ovum
forming the embryo.

formatol (for'-mat-ol). A dusting-powder con-
taining formaldehyde.

formes frustes (form froost) [Ft.]. Incomplete or
atypical forms of a disease.

formeston (for-mes'-ton). Aluminum acetoformate;
used as a dusting powder.

formic, formicic (for'-mik, for-mis'-ik) [formica,
an ant]. Relating to or derived from ants, or per-
taining to formic acid. f. acid. See acid, formic.
f. aldehyde, formaldehyde.

formicant (for' -mik-ant) [formicare, to crawl like
an ant]. Creeping, or moving with a small and
feeble action; applied to the pulse when it is unequal
and scarcely perceptible.

formication (for-mik-a'-shun) [see formic]. A
sensation like that produced by ants or other insects
crawling upon the skin.

formicin (for'-mis-in). Formaldehyde acetamide,
used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

formidin (for'-mid-in). Iodide of methylene-
disalicylic acid; a proprietary antiseptic used as a
substitute for iodoform in dressing wounds.

formin (for'-min), C6H12N4. A condensation-
product of formaldehyde and ammonia; it is a
uric-acid solvent, diuretic, and vesical antiseptic.
Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.) in the morning in
aqueous solution. Syn., hexamethylenetetr amine; uro-
tropin. f. salicylate. See saliformin.

formochlor (form'-o-klor). A solution of formal-
dehyde and calcium chloride. It is used as a dis-
infectant by spraying or vaporizing.

formoforin, formoform (form-o-for-in, form'-o-'
orm). A dusting- powder for perspiring feet; said
to consist of formaldehyde, 0.13 %; thymol, 0.1 %•
zinc oxide, 34-44%; and starch, 65.27 %■ If the
formaldehyde is omitted, it may be used on purulent

formol (form'-ol). See formalin.

formomethylal (form-o-meth' -il-al) , C3H8O. An
ethereal oil obtained from the distillation of a mixture
of methyl-alcohol, sulphuric acid, and manganese
peroxide. It is anesthetic.

formonitril (form-o-ni'-tril). Hydrocyanic acid.

formopyrine (form-o-pi'-rin). , A combination of
antipvrine with formaldehyde.

formose (form'-os). A sweetish syrup obtained
by Loew on the condensation of formic aldehyde in
the presence of bases. It consists of a mixture of a
nonfermentable sugar (formose) and a fermentable
sugar, a hexose which is the starting-point of further
syntheses.

formosyl (for'-mo-sil). A preparation containing
formalin, boric acid, phenol, and essential oils. It is
used as a mouth wash and as a nasal douche.

formula (form'-u-lah) [dim. of forma, a form].
1. A prescribed method. 2. The representation
of a chemical compound by symbols. 3- A recipe
or prescription, f., constitutional, one that indicates

FORMULARY

371

FOSSA

by means of symbols the relation to each other of
the various elements in a compound. Syn., rational
formula, f., dental, one showing the number and
arrangement of teeth. f., empirical, one that
indicates only the constituents and their proportions
in a molecule, as HN03, nitric acid. I., glyptic,
a chemical formula designed to illustrate the arrange-
ment and connection of the atoms of a molecule.
f., graphic. See /., structural, f., official, one given
in an official publication, f., officinal, a pharma-
ceutical formula which, though not official, is com-
monly followed by pharmacists, f., rational. See
/., constitutional, f., structural, one which shows the
arrangement and relation of the elements among
themselves as well as the number and kind of ele-
ments composing the molecule. One in which the
symbols are united by the bonds of affinity according
to their quantivalence, as H-O-H. f., vertebral,
one used to indicate the number and arrangement
of the vertebra?.

formulary (form'-u-la-re) [formula], A collection
of formulae or recipes. F., National, a collection of
widely used and well-known preparations, omitted
from the United States Pharmacopeia, but collected
and published by the American Pharmaceutical
Association.

formyl {for' -mil) [formic acid; CXij, matter], i.
CHO. The radical of formic acid. Syn., formoxyl.
2. The trivalent radical, CH"". Syn., formylene.
f.-amide. See formamide. f., bromide, bromoform.
f. chloride, f. perchloride, chloroform, f. iodide,
iodoform. f.-phenetidin, C9H11NO2, a substance
obtained from phenetidin hydrochloride by action
of formic acid with anhydrous sodium formate; it is
antiseptic, f. sulphide, sulphoform. f. tribromide,
bromoform. f. trichloride, chloroform, f. triiodide,
iodoform.

Fornet's ring test (for-na') [Julius Fornet, German
physician]. A precipitation test, of value in typhoid,
scarlet fever, measles and syphilis.

fornical (for'-nik-al). Relating to the fornix.

fornicate (for'-nik-dt) [fornix]. Arched, f. gyrus.
See convolution, fornicate.

fornication (for-nik-a' -shun) [fornix, an arch].
The illicit sexual intercourse of an unmarried person
of either sex with another, whether married or not.

fornicolumn (for'-ne-kol-um) [fornix, an arch;
columna, a column]. The anterior pillar of the
fornix, one in each hemicerebrum. It is a bundle of
fibers ascending from the albicans and thalamus,
passing just caudad of the precommissure, forming
the cephalic boundary of the porta, and ending in
the temporal lobe.

fornicommissure {for-ne-kom' -is-shur) [fornix, an
arch; commissura, a commissure]. A lamina of
greater or less thickness uniting the two hemifornices
of the brain. It is not a true commissure, nor even
fibrous in structure.

fornicrista (for-ne-kris'-tah). See crista.

fornix (for'-niks) [L., "an arch ]. 1. A trangular
body of white matter beneath the corpus callosum.
From the apex, situated anteriorly, the anterior
pillars arise and descend to form the corpora mamil-
laria. From the extremities of the base the posterior
pillars descend into the lateral ventricles. The
fornix serves as an anteroposterior commissure
between the optic thalamus and the hippocampus
major and the uncinate gyrus. 2. An arched body
or surface; a concavity or culdesac. f., cerebral.
See fornix (1). f. conjunctivae, the culdesac at the
point where the bulbar conjunctiva is reflected upon
the lid. f. vaginae, the vault of the vagina, the
upper part of the vagina, forming when the passage
is distended a V-like structure surrounding the cervix
uteri.

fortification-spectra (for-tif-ik-a-shun-spek'-lrah) .
Scotoma scintillans. See teichopsia.

fortoin (for'-to-in). See formaldehyde-cotoin.

fossa (fos'-ah) [L., "a ditch": pi., fossa]. A de-
pression or pit. f., acetabular, a depression in the
center of the acetabulum, f., amygdaloid. See
amygdaloid^ fossa, f., anconeal. See /., olecranoid.
f., antecubital, the depression in front of the elbow.
f., Broesike's. See Broesike's fossa, f. caecalis, a
fold of peritoneum forming a pouch upon the surface
of the right iliopsoas muscle, and extending to the
apex of the cecum, f., canine, a depression on the
external surface of the superior maxilla, above and
to the outer side of the socket of the canine tooth.
f. capitelli, one for the head of the malleus, f.s,

cerebellar, two shallow, concave recesses on the
lower part of the inner surface of the occipital plate
for the reception of the hemispheres of the cere-
bellum. Syn., inferior occipital fossa, f.s, cerebral,
two shallow, concave recesses on the upper part of
the internal surface of the occipital plate for the
reception of the hemispheres of the cerebrum. Syn.,
superior occipital fossce. f., Claudius'. See Claudius'
fossa, f., coronoid, a depression in the humerus into
which the apex of the coronoid process of the ulna
fits in extreme flexion of the forearm, f.s, costal,
the facets on the bodies of the vertebrae where
articulation occurs with the heads of the ribs, f.s,
costotransverse, depressions (usually three) on each
side, upon the dorsal aspect of the three upper seg-
ments of the sacrum, f., cranial, any of the three
depressions in the base of the skull for the reception
of the lobes of the brain. See f.s, mesocranial;
f.s, poster anial ; f.s, precranial. f. cystica, f. cystidis
felleae, a depression on the lower surface of the right
lobe of the liver, which holds the gall-bladder.
f ., digastric, a deep groove on the inner aspect of the
mastoid process, f., digital, a depression at the base
of the inner surface of the great trochanter of the
femur, f., epigastric. See infrasternal depression.
f., floccular, the /. subarcuata in the child in whom
it is larger, f., glenoid, the fossa in the temporal
bone that receives the condyle of the lower jaw.
f ., Hartmann's. See Hartmann's fossa, f . helicis, a
furrow between the helix and antihelix. f. hemiel-
liptica. See fovea hemielliptica. f. hemisphaerica.
See fovea hemisphcerica. f., hyaloid, a depression
in the anterior surface of the vitreous body for the
crystalline lens. f. hypophyseos. See /., pituitary.
f. ileocaecalis anterior, an inconstant pouch of the
peritoneum upon the upper border of the ileocecal
valve; open above and on the left side. Syn., fossa
ileoccecalis superior, f. ileocaecalis infima. See
Hartmann's fossa, f., ileocolic. See Luschka's fossa.
f., iliac, external, the outer surface of the ilium.
f., iliac, internal, the smooth internal surface of the
ilium, f. iliopectinea, Scarpa's triangle, f., infra-
clavicular. See Mohrenheim's fossa, f., infraspin-
ous, the recess on the posterior surface of the scapula
occupied by the infraspinous muscle, f ., infrasternal.
See infrasternal depression, f. innominata, a shallow
depression between the false vocal band and the
arytenoepiglottic fold. f. interpeduncularis, a deep
groove in the anterior surface of the mid-brain.
f., intersigmoid, a depression on the lower surface
of the mesosigmoid. f. ischiorectal, the depression
on either side of the anus, bounded on the outer side
by the tuberosity of the ischium, f., lacrimal, the
depression in the orbital plate of the frontal bone for
the reception of the lacrimal gland, f., Landzert's.
See Landzert's fossa, f., Luschka's. See Luschka's
fossa, f. mandibularis, the glenoid fossa, f.,
mastoid, the groove extending along the inner
surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone,
and forming part of the lateral sinus, f.s, mental,
fossae mentalis, shallow depressions, on each side
of the mental protuberance of the mandible, f.s,
mesocranial, f.s, middle, of the skull, one of the
three pairs (right and left) of fossae into which the
interior base of the cranium is divided; they are
deeply concave on a much lower level than the pre-
cranial fossae, and lodge the sphenotemporal lobes
of the cerebrum. Cf. f.s, poster anial; f.s, precranial.
f., Mohrenheim's. See Mohrenheim's fossa. f.
navicularis. 1. The dilated portion of the urethra
in the glans penis. 2. In the vulva, the depression
between the posterior commissure and the fourchet.
3. See/., scaphoid (1 and 2). f. navicularis auriculae,
fossa of the helix, f. navicularis laryngei, one in
the mucous membrane of the larynx, f., olecranoid,
one at the dorsal side of the distal end of the humerus,
for the reception of the olecranon, f . ovalis, an oval
depression in the right auricle of the heart, f.,
ovarian. See Claudius' fossa, f., paracecal, f. para-
caecalis, an infrequent peritoneal pouch behind and
to one side of the cecum, f., paraduodenal. See
Landzert's fossa, f., parajejunal. See Broesike's
fossa, f. pararectalis, a depression in the peritoneum
on the side of the rectum, f. paravesicalis, one on
either side of the bladder, f., patellar. See/., hyaloid.
f. phrenicohepatica, a pouch of the peritoneum
between the left lateral ligament of the liver and the
extremity of the left lobe, f., pituitary, a depression
in the sphenoid bone lodging the pituitary body,
f.s, postcranial, the lowest in position of the thre^

FOSSET

372

FRACTURA

pairs (right and left) of the cranial fossae; they
lodge the cerebellum, pons, and oblongata. Each
fossa is formed by the posterior surface of the pyra-
mid and inner surface of the mastoid portion of the
temporal bone and the inner surface of the occipital
bone below the horizontal limb of the occipital cross.
f.s, precranial, the most elevated in position of the
three pairs (right and left) of fossa? into which the
internal base of the skull is divided. They lodge
the frontal lobes of the brain and are formed by the
orbital plates of the frontal bones, the cribriform plate
of the ethmoid bone, and the small wings of the
sphenoid bone. Cf. f.s, mesocranial; f.s, postcranial.
f., radial, f. radialis, the depression on the humerus
above the capitellum which accommodates the head
of the radius in extreme flexion of the forearm.
f., rectouterine, Douglas' culdesac. f. rhomboidea,
the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, f.,
Rosenmuller's. See Rosenmilller' s fossa, f., scaphoid,
f. scaphoidea. i. A depression in the base of the
internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. 2. A
depression between the helix and antihelix of the
auricle. Syn., fossa navicularis ; fossa tensoris palati.
f. subarcuata, f., subarcuate, an orifice situated
in the newborn on the superior margin of th^e petrosa,
through which the vessels pass to the temporal bone.
This opening disappears after birth and is repre-
sented in the adult by a depression beneath the
arcuate eminence, f. subauricularis, the depression
just below the external ear. f., subclavicular. See
Mohrenheim's fossa, f., subinguinal. See Scarpa's
triangle, f., sublingual, a depression on the internal
surface of the inferior maxillary bone for containing
the sublingual gland, f., submaxillary, the oblong
depression on the internal surface of the inferior
maxillary bone, containing the submaxillary gland.
f., suborbital. See /., canine, f., subsigmoid, also
called intersigmoid fossa, a pouch of peritoneum
between the descending mesocolon and the mesosig-
moid. f., sulciform, a shallow furrow in the inner
fore part of the cavity of the vestibule of the ear, be-
hind the fovea hemielliptica and the fovea hemis-
phserica, and into which the vestibular aqueduct
opens, f., supraclavicular, f. supraclavicularis major,
a depression above the clavicle within which lie the
axillary blood-vessels and nerves as they emerge
from the chest into the armpit, f. supraclavicularis
minor, the area between the sternal and clavicular
origins of the sternomastoid muscle, f ., suprascapu-
lar, f., supraspinous. See supraspinous fossa, f.,
suprasternal, f. suprasternal, the area between the
ventral borders of the sternomastoid muscle, the
interscapular ligament, the lower border of the
mandible, and lines extended between the angles of
the jaw and the mastoid process of the temporal
bones, f., supratonsillar, the embryonic space
above the tonsil covered by a triangular extension of
membrane from the anterior pillar; it sometimes
persists to adult life. Syn., palatal recess, f.,
temporal, the depression which holds the temporal
muscle, f. tonsillaris. See amygdaloid fossa, f.
triangularis, the fossa of the antihelix. f., tro-
chanteric, a hollow at the base of the inner surface
of the great trochanter of the femur, f., trochlear,
a hollow in the frontal bone, below the internal
angular process, furnishing attachment to the
pulley of the superior oblique muscle, f., urachal,
the prevesical space, f., zygomatic, a cavity below
and on the inner side of the zygoma.

fosset, fossette (fos-ef) [Fr.]. 1. A dimple; a
small depression. 2. A small deep ulcer of the
cornea.

fossilin (fos'-il-in) [fossilis, dug up]. A trade-name
for a product resembling vaselin.

fossula (fos'-u-lah) [dim. of fossa, a ditch]. A
small fossa; any one of the numerous slight de-
pressions on the surface of the cerebrum.

Fothergill's disease (foth'-er-gil) [John Fothergill,
English physician, 17 12-1780]. Neuralgia of the
trigeminus. F.'s sore throat, the ulcerative angina
of severe scarlatina (scarlatina anginosa).

foudroyant (foo-droi-on(t)) [Fr.]. Sudden and
overwhelming; fulminant; fulgurant.

foulage (foo-lahzh') [Fr., "fulling, or pressing"].
In massage, a form of manipulation of the tissues.
See fulling.

Foule's cells (fool). Large cells containing one or
more nuclei as large as or larger than a red blood-
corpuscle; they have been supposed to be diagnostic
of malignant ovarian cysts.

founder (fown'-der) [fundere, to pour]. Laminitis
(q. v.) of the horse's fore-feet, with the accompanying
disorders of related parts, f., chest, founder in a
horse, marked or accompanied by atrophy of the
chest-muscles.

foundling (found' -ling). An abandoned infant.

fourchette, fourchet (foor-shef) [dim. of fourche,
a fork]. 1. A fold of mucous membrane just inside
the posterior commissure of the vulva. 2. A forked
instrument used in division of the frenum linguae.

Founder's method of treating syphilis (foor-ne-a')
[Jean Alfred Fournier, French syphilographer, 1832-
]. The alternate administration of mercury for
two months and rest from mercurial medication for a
month or more, the treatment being kept up for
several years.

fourth cranial nerve, the trochlear nerve. f.
disease. An affection resembling measles and scarlet
fever, f. venereal disease, gangrenous balanitis.
f. ventricle, a space between the cerebellum and
pons and medulla.

fovea (fo'-ve-ah) [L., "a small pit": pi., fovea],
A small depression or pit. Applied to many depres-
sions in the body, but more particularly to the fovea
centralis retina, a small pit in the macula lutea,
opposite the visual axis; the spot of most distinct
vision, f. centralis retinae. See fovea, f. costalis,
costal depression on vertebra, a demifacet for head of
rib. f. hemielliptica, a small depression on the inner
wall of the labyrinth. It is perforated for the pas-
sage of filaments of the auditory nerve, f. hemis-
phaerica, a depression in the roof of the labyrinth, f .
inferior, a depression at the apex of the trigonum
vagi. f. inguinalis lateralis, the external inguinal
fossa, f. inguinalis mesialis, the middle inguinal
fossa, f . oblonga, a shallow depression on the ex-
ternal surface of the arytenoid cartilages, f.
pharyngis, an abnormal depression in the median
line of the pharynx, f. superior, a depression at the
end of the sulcus limitans on the floor of the fourth
ventricle, f. supravesicalis, the internal inguinal
fossa, f. triangularis, a deep depression on the ex-
ternal surface of the arytenoid cartilages, f. tro-
chlearis, a hollow in the orbital plate of the frontal
bone for the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle.

foveate (fo'-ve-at) [fovea]. Pitted.

Foveau-Trouve apparatus (fo-vo-tru-va') . A para-
bolic mirror with an incandescent or arc lamp in
the focus; the former is joined to a concentrating cone
which terminates in two quartz plates with a chamber
between them; cold water circulates through this
chamber and through the whole apparatus, absorbing
the heat-rays. The quartz plate is pressed directly
upon the part to be treated.

foveola (fo-ve'-o-lah) [dim. of fovea: pi., foveolce].
A small fovea or depression, f. coccygea, a small
depression back of the anus. f. granulans, any one
of the small pits in the cranial bones produced by the
Pacchionian bodies, f . radialis, a depression between
the tendons of the extensors of the thumb when
those muscles are contracted, f. retroanalis, the
foveola coccygea. f. triangularis, a triangular de-
pression between the anterior pillars of the fornix.

foveolate (fo-ve'-o-lat). Marked with slight
depressions, dimples, or pits.

Foville's syndrome (fo-veV) [Achille Louis Foville,
French neurologist, 1799-1878]. Alternate hemi-
plegia. F.'s tract, the direct cerebellar tract of the
spinal cord.

Fowler's position (fow'-ler) [George Ryerson Fowler,
American surgeon, 1 848-1906]. Semi-erect position
obtained by raising the head of the bed 24 to 30
inches, and by pillows.

Fowler's solution (fow'-ler) [Thomas Fowler,
English physician, 1736-1801]. A solution contain-
ing arsenious acid, potassium bicarbonate, and
tincture of lavender; liquor potassii arsenitis.

foxglove (foks'-gluv). See digitalis.

fractional (frak'-shun-al) [fractio, a breaking].
Divided, f. cultivation,' the isolation of micro-
organisms from one another by diluting the mixture
containing them to such a degree that a given
quantity contains but few organisms, f. distillation.
See distillation, f. sterilization, intermittent steriliza-
tion.

fractionation (frak-shun-a'-shun) [fractio, a break-
ing]. Chemical separation by successive operations.
fractura (frak-tur'-ah) [L.]. A fracture, f. dentis,
fracture of a tooth, f. surcularia, green-stick frac-
ture.

FRACTURE

373

FREMITUS

fracture (Jrak'-tur) [frangere, to break]. A breaking,
especially of a bone. For signs and tests of, see Allis,
Cleemann Hueter, Keen, Morris. See also Aran's
law, Teevan's law. f.-bed, a bed designed for
patients having fractures. It usually has a hole in
the center to transmit the discharges, f.-box, a
long box, without ends or cover, used in the im-
mobilization of fractured legs, f., buttonhole-, one
in which a missile has perforated the bone, f.,
capillary, one consisting of only a fine crack or
fissure, f., chauffeur's, fracture of the lower end
of the radius or of the carpus produced by reversal
of the starting crank while cranking, f., Colles'.
See Colles' fracture, f., comminuted, one in which
the bone is splintered, f ., complete, one in which
the bone is entirely broken through, f., complicated,
one associated with injury of adjacent parts, f.,
compound, one in which the point of fracture is in
communication with the external air through a
wound of the overlying parts, f. by contrecoup, a
fracture of the skull caused by transmitted violence,
and occurring at a distance from the point struck,
usually opposite, f., dentate, one in which the
ends of the fragments are so toothed and interlocked
as to prevent displacement, f., depressed, one in
which the fractured part is depressed below the
normal level, as in fracture of the skull, f., double,
the existence of two fractures in the same bone.
f. fever, fever due to fracture of a bone, f., formed,
a fracture suggesting the instrument which caused it.
f ., greenstick, one side of the bone is broken, the other
bent, f., helicoid, a spiral fracture from twisting
of the long bones. Syn., spiral fracture, f., im-
pacted, one in which one fragment is driven into the
other so as to be held fast, f ., interperiosteal. Same
as /., greenstick. f., Pott's. See Pott's fracture.
f., simple, one in which the overlying integument is
intact, f., Smith's. See Smith's fracture, f., spiral.
See /., helicoid. f., spontaneous, one due to a slight
force, as then there is disease of the bone, f ., starred,
f., stellate, one in which there are fissures radiating
from one point, f., trophic, one caused by trophic
disturbance, f., ununited, one in which bony union
has failed to occur, f ., willow-, a greenstick fracture

A B C D E

A. Oblique fracture of femur; B. Greenstick frac-
ture of radius; C. Spiral fracture of tibia; D. Trans-
verse impacted fracture of surgical neck of humerus;
E. T fracture of lower end of humerus.

Fraenkel's diplococcus (Jreng'-kel). The pneumo-
coccus. F.'s glands, minute glands opening im-
mediately below the edge of the vocal cords. F.'s
leukemia, acute leukemia with large mononuclear
lymphocytes. F.'s sign, diminished tone (hypotonic)
of the muscles of the lower extremities in tabes
dorsalis.

frenulum (fre'-nu-lum). See frenulum.

fraenum (fre'-num). See frenum.

fragiform (fraj'-e-form) [fraga, strawberries; forma,
form]. Strawberry-shaped.

fragilitas (Jraj-il'-it-as) [L.]. Brittleness. f.
crinium, an atrophic condition of the hair in which
the individual hairs split into numerous fibrils.
f. ossium, abnormal brittleness of the bones.

frambesia, frambcesia (fram-be'-ze-ah) [framboise,
raspberry]. A tropical contagious disease supposed

to be caused by the Spirochceta pallidula, and charact-
erized by dirty or bright-red, raspberry -like tubercles,
appearing usually on the face, toes,, and genital
organs. It is most frequent in young negroes. Syn.,
pian; yaws.

frangible (fran'-jib-l) [frangere, to break]. Liable
to fracture; breakable.

frangula (fran'-gu-lah) [L.]. The bark of Rhamnus
frangula, or alder-buckthorn. The young bark is
very irritant; bark at least a year old is laxative,
resembling rhubarb in action, f., fluidextract of
{fluidextr actum frangula, U. S. P.). Dose 10-20
min. (0.65-1.3 Cc).

frangulin (fran'-gu-lin), C20H20O10. A purgative
glucoside from frangula. Dose I5-3 gr. (0.097-0.19
Gm.).

Frankenhasuser's ganglion (Jrang'-ken-hoy-zer)

[Ferdinand Frankenhceuser, German gynecologist,

-1894]- The ganglion cervicale, a cluster of

small ganglia at the side of the neck of the uterus.

frankincense {frangk'-in-sens) [francum incensum,
pure incense]. An aromatic gum-resin. See oli-
banum. f., common, a concrete turpentine obtained
from Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus.

Franklin plate {frank' -lin) [Benjamin Franklin,
American physicist, 1706-1790]. A glass plate partly
covered on both sides with tin-foil, used as a condenser
in frictional electricity. F. spectacles, spectacles
with each eyeglass divided horizontally into an upper
lens, suited for far vision, and a lower, for close work.

Franklinic electricity. Static or frictional elec-
tricity. F. reaction of degeneration, a rare form of
reaction of degeneration produced by static electricity
and similar to that obtained by the faradic current.
F. taste, an acid taste perceived on applying the
positive pole of the electrode of the static machine at
a minimum distance of 1 or 2 mm.

Franklinism {frangk'-lin-izm). Same as Franklin-
ization.

Franklinization {frangk-lin-i-za'-shun). Treatment
by static or frictional electricity.

Frank's operation. Of gastrotomy: consists in
forming a valve out of a small cone of the stomach-
wall. The oblique incision is made and a cone of the
'stomach pulled out and its base sutured to the
parietal peritoneum. A second incision is then
made immediately above the rib-margin, the bridge
of the skin is elevated, and the cone pulled up beneath
it and the apex sutured into the second wound.
The tube is inserted and the first skin-wound closed.

Frasera {fra'-ze-rah) [John Fraser, English botanist,
1 750-1 81 7]. The root of American calumba; it is a
mild tonic and simple bitter. Dose in powder 1 dr.
(4 Gm.).

fraserin (Jra'-zer-in). A precipitate from a tincture
of the root of Frasera carolinensis it is atonic, stimu-
lant, and mildly astringent. Dose 1 to 3 grains.

Frauenhofer's lines {frown' -hof-er) [Joseph von
Fraunhofer, German optician, 1787-1826]. Black
lmes in the solar spectrum. See absorption lines.

fraxin {fraks'-in) [fraxinus, an ash-tree], C21H22O.
A glucoside from the bark of certain species of ash
{Fraxinus excelsior, etc.). It forms fine, white, four-
sided prisms, of a bitter taste. It has been proposed
as a remedy for gout, rheumatism, etc.

Fraxinus. A genus of trees, the ash. F. ameri-
cana, white ash; the bark is used in dysmenorrhea.
F. excelsior, European ash; the bark, leaves, and
wood are medicinal.

F. R. C. P. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians.

F. R. C. S. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal
College of Surgeons.

freak {frek). A popular name for a deformed
person.

freckles {frek'-lz). See lentigo.

Fredericks sign {fred-er-e'-che). Perception of the
heart sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of
perforative peritonitis, with escape of gas into the
peritoneal cavity.

freezing {fre'-zing). The process of hardening or
congealing with cold, f.-microtome, a microtome
provided with a contrivance for freezing artificially
the tissue to be cut. f.-mixture, a mixture of salt
and snow or ice, which absorbs a great deal of heat
in undergoing solution, f.-point, the temperature
at which a liquid freezes.

fremitus {frem'-it-us) [L., "a murmur"]. A
palpable vibration, as of the chest-walls, f., fric-
tion-, the vibrations produced by the rubbing to-

FRENAL

374

FRONTAL

gether of two dry surfaces, and felt by the hand.
f., hepatic, f., hydatid. See , hydatid fremitus, f.,
rhonchal, vibrations produced by the passage of air
through a large bronchial tube containing mucus.
f., tactile, the vibratory sensation conveyed to the
hand applied to the chest of a person speaking.
f., tussive, thrill felt by the hand applied to the
chest of a person coughing, f., vocal, the sounds of
the voice transmitted to the ear applied to the chest
of a person speaking.

f renal (fre'-nal). Relating to a frenum.

frenator (fre-na'-tor) [frenare, to curb], i. Any-
thing that inhibits, curbs, or checks. 2. Dupre's
name for any one of the muscles which move the
head on the atlas and axis.

frenetic (fren-et'-ik) [Ft., frenetique]. Relating to
mental disorder.

Frenkel's sign (freng'-kel) [H. S. Frenkel, Swiss
neurologist]. Diminished tone (hypotonia) of the
muscles of the lower extremities in tabes dorsalis.

frenosecretory (fre-no-se-kre'-tor-e) [frenum, bridle;
secretio, a separation]. Exercising a restraining or
inhibitory power over the secretions.

frenotomy, fraenotomy (fre-not'-o-me) [frenum;
tou^, a cutting]. The cutting of any frenum, par-
ticularly of the frenum linguae for tongue-tie.

frenulum (fren'-u-lum) [dim. of frenum, a bridle].
A small frenum; a slight ridge on the upper part of
the valve of Vieussens. f. of Giacomini, a narrow
band between the uncus and the dentate fascia.
f. pudendi, the fourchet. f. valvulae coli, a narrow
membranous ridge on either side of the ileocecal
valve., f. veli, the upper thickened part of the valve
of Vieussens.

frenum (fre'-num) [L., "a bridle"]. A fold of
integument or mucous membrane that checks or
limits the movements of any organ, f. clitoridis, the
two folds of mucous membrane coming from the
nymph a? after having united under the glans of the
clitoris, f. labii inferioris and superioris, folds of
mucous membrane in the median line uniting each
lip to the corresponding gum. f. labiorum pudendi,
the fourchet. f. linguae, the vertical fold of mucous
membrane under the tongue, f. praeputii, f. of penis,
the fold on the lower surface of the glans penis con-
necting it with the prepuce.

frenzy (fren'-ze) [<j>pr)v, mind]. Violent mania.

fret [ME., freten, to eat up]. An abrasion; a
chafing; herpes.

fretum (fre'-tum) [L., "a strait"]. 1. A constriction.
2. A strait; a channel, f. oris, the isthmus of the
fauces.

Freud's theory (froyd). [Sigmund Freud, Aus-
trian neurologist, 1856- ]. Hysteria and other
neuroses are due to infantile sexual trauma. See
psychoanalysis.

Freund's law (froynt) [William Alexander Freund,
German gynecologist, 1833- ]. In the progress
of their growth ovarian tumors undergo changes of
position: (1) While pelvic, they show a tendency to
grow downward behind the uterus; (2) when they
have risen out of the pelvis, they tend to fall forward
toward the abdominal wall. F's operation, abdomin-
al hysterectory for carcinoma of the uterus.

Freund's reaction (froynt) [Hermann Wolfgang
Freund, German gynecologist, 1859- ]. The
serum from a non-cancerous patient causes lysis of
cancer cells.

F. R. F. P. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the
Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons.

friable (fri'-ab-l) [friar e, to break into pieces].
Easily broken or crumbled.

friars' balsam (fri'-arz bawl'-sam). The compound
tincture of benzoin.

friction (frik'-shun) [fricare, to rub]. 1. The act
of rubbing. The process, in medicine, called sham-
pooing. Also the inunction of a medicinal substance
by rubbing. 2. In massage, firm circular manipu-
lations, always followed by centripetal stro kings.
Friction may be practised with the thumb, with the
tips of the fingers, or with one hand, f.-fremitus.
See fremitus, f.-sound, the sound observed in aus-
cultation, as a result of the rubbing together of
adjacent parts, as of the pleural folds, the peri-
cardium, or the peritoneum, when the layers are
dry or roughened.

frictional electricity (frik'-shun-al). Static electricity.

Friedlaender's bacillus (fred'-len-der) [Carl Fried-
laender, German pathologist, 1847-1887]. Bacillus
pneumonia.

Friedlaender's decidual cells. The large con-
nective-tissue cells of the uterine mucosa that form
the compact layer of the uterine decidua. F.'s
disease, obliterative arteritis.

Friedmann's vasomotor symptom-complex. A
train of symptoms following injury to the head, con-
sisting of headache, vertigo, nausea, and intolerance
of mental and physical exertions and of galvanic
excitation; it is occasionally associated with ophthal-
moplegia and mydriasis. These phenomena may
subside and recur with greater intensity, with fever,
unconsciousness, and paralysis of the cranial nerves,
ending in fatal coma. They are probably due to an
encephalitis of slow development with acute exacer-
bations.

Friedreich's ataxia (fred'-rik) [Nicholas Friedreich,
German physician, 1825-1882], See F.'s disease.
F.'s change of pitch, at the height of deep inspiration
the tympanitic sound over pulmonary cavities
becomes higher in pitch. F.'s disease. 1. Hereditary
ataxia. 2. Paramyoclonus multiplex. F.'s foot,
talipes cavus, with hyperextension of the toes,
observed in hereditary ataxia. F.'s sign, diastolic
collapse of the jugular veins in adherent pericar-
dium.

fright (frit). Sudden and extreme fear. f. -neuro-
ses, certain neuro mimetic disorders following injury;
generally considered under the name of "traumatic
hysteria." f., precordial, the precordial sensations
of anxiety felt immediately before an attack of
melancholic frenzy.

frigidity (frij-id'-it-e) [frigus, coldj. Coldness;
absence of sexual desire.

frigorific (frig-or-if'-ik) [frigus, cold; facer e, to
make]. Producing extreme cold.

frigotherapy (frig-o-ther'-ap-e) [frigus; 6epairela,
therapy]. The treatment of disease by cold.

Froehde's reaction for proteids. A dark-blue
coloration is produced by heating a solid proteid with
sulphuric acid containing molybdic acid.

Froehlich's syndrome (fre-'lik) [Alfred Froehlich,
Austrian neurologist]. Dystrophia adiposogenitalis.

frog-belly. The flaccid abdomen seen in children
suffering from rickets or from atony of the abdominal
cells the result of dyspepsia with flatulent distention.
f.-face, a facial deformity due to the growth of
polypi or other tumors in the nasal cavities. A
temporary condition of this kind may be due to
orbital cellulitis or facial erysipeles. f., salt-. See
salt-frog, f.-unit, the smallest quantity of digitalis
which will kill a frog of 30 grammes weight in exactly
30 minutes.

Frohmann's solution. A local anesthetic used in
dentistry and said to consist of cocaine hydrochloride,
0.2; morphine hydrochloride, 0.25; sodium chloride,
0.2; antipyrine, 1-2; guaiacol, 2 drops; distilled water,
100.

Frohn's reagent (/row) [Damianus Frohn, German
physician, 1843- ]. Add 7 Gm. of potassium iodide
and 10 Cc. of hydrochloric acid to 1.5 Gm. of freshly
precipitated bismuth subnitrate which has been
treated with 20 Cc. of water and heated to the boiling-
point.

frolement (frol-mon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. A brushing; in
massage, a succession of slow, backward-and-forward
movements, as from a center to a periphery, and the
reverse. It is done with the palmar surface of the
fingers, or with the roulet. 2. A rustling sound
heard in auscultation.

Frommann's lines (from'-an) [Carl Frommann,
German anatomist]. Transverse lines or striae
appearing on the axis-cylinder of medullated nerve-
fibers, near the nodes of Ranvier, after the fibers
have been stained with silver nitrate.

Frommer's test for acetone (from'-er). Render
10 cc. of urine strongly alkaline by means of potas-
sium hydroxide, add 10 to 12 drops of a 10 per cent,
solution o{ salicylaldehyde in absolute alcohol, and
warm the mixture to about 700 C. If acetone be
present the fluid becomes yellow, then red, purplish-
red, and, on long standing, dark red.

frons (from) [L.: gen., fronlis]. The forehead.

frontad (front' -ad) [front; ad, to]. Toward the
frontal aspect.

frontal (front' -al) [front]. 1. Pertaining to the
anterior part or aspect of an organ or body. 2. Be-
longing to the forehead, f. bone, the anterior bone
of the skull and superior bone of the face. f. emi-
nence. See eminence, frontal, f. lobe. See lobe,
■frontal, f . section. See section, frontal, t. sinuses,

FRONTALIS

375

FUNDUS

the hollow air-spaces in the frontal bone. f. suture.
See suture, frontal.

frontalis muscle (fron-ta'-lis) [frontalis, of the
forehead]. The frontal portion of the occipito-
frontal muscle. See muscles, table of.

fronten (fron'-ten) [frons, the forehead]. Belonging
to the frontal bone in itself.

fronto- (fron-to-) [frons, forehead]. A prefix de-
noting anterior position or expressing a relation with
the forehead.

frontomalar (Jron-to-nu' -kal) . Relating to the
frontal and to the malar bones, f. suture. See
suture, frontomalar.

frontomaxillary (fron-to-mak'-sil-a-re). Relating
to the frontal bone and the upper jaw bones.

frontomental (fron-to-men'-tal). Running from
the top of the forehead to the point of the chin or
relating to the forehead and chin.

frontonuchal (fron-to-nu'-kal). Relating to the
forehead and the nape of the neck.

frontooccipital (fron-to-ok-sip'-it-al). Pertaining to
the forehead and the occiput, or on the frontal and
occipital bones.

frontoparietal (fron-to-pa-ri'-e-tal). Relating to
the frontal and parietal bones.

frontotemporal (fron-to-tem'-po-ral). Relating to
the frontal and temporal bones.

front-tap contraction {f runt' -tap) . Contraction of
the gastrocnemius muscle when the muscles of the
front of the leg are tapped.

Froriep's ganglion (fro'-rep) [August Froriep,
German anatomist, 1849- ]. A rudimentary-
ganglion occasionally found in connection with one
or more of the roots of the hypoglossal nerve. F.'s
induration, myositis fibrosa.

frost-bite. The morbid condition of a part the
result of extreme cold.

frosted feet (fros'-ted). See chilblain.

frost-itch. A name for pruritus hiemalis.

froth. Foam, as from the mouth, f., bronchial,
that coming from the bronchial tubes, as in. asthma.

frottage (Jrot-ahzh') [Fr.]. 1. Massage, rubbing.
2. A form of sexual perversion in which the orgasm
is induced by simply rubbing against or toying with
the clothing of women. An individual so afflicted is
called afrotteur.

frotteur (frot-ur') [Fr.]. See frottage (2).

frown. To scowl. A wrinkling of the brow.

F. R. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal
Society.

fructose (fruk'-tos). See levulose.

fructosuria (fruk-to-su'-re-ah) [fructus, fruit; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of levulose (fruit-sugar) in
the urine.

frugivorous (froo-jiv'-or-us) [frux, fruit; vorare, to
devour]. Fruit-eating.

fruit (froot) [fructus, fruit]. 1. The developed ovary
of a plant, especially the succulent, fleshy parts
gathered about the same. 2. The offspring of
animals, f. -sugar. See levulose.

frumentaceous (fru-men-ta'-she-us) [frumentum,
grain]. Belonging to or resembling grain.

frumentum (fru-men'-tum) [L.]. Wheat or other
grain, frumenti, spiritus (U. S. P.), whisky.

ft. Abbreviation of fiat or fiant, L. "let there be
made."

Fuchs' coloboma (Jooks) [Ernst Fuchs, German
ophthalmologist, 1851- ]. A small crescentic
defect of the choroid at the lower border of the optic
disc. F.'s optic atrophy, peripheral atrophy of the
bundles composing the optic nerve.

fuchsin, fuchsine (fook'-sin) [Leonhard Fuchs,
German botanist, 1501-1566], C20H19N3 . C2H4O2.
The hydrochloride or acetate of rosanilin, a lustrous,
green, crystalline salt, imparting an intense red color
to solutions. It is employed as a staining agent in
microscopy, and has been used internally in albu-
minuria. Dose tVI gr. (0.006-0.01 Gm.). f.
bodies. See Russell's bodies.

fuchsinophil, fuchsinophile {fook-sin'-o-fil) [fuchsin ;
4>i\eZv, to love]. Stainable with fuchsin.

Fucus (Ju'-kus) [<j>dKos, seaweed]. A genus of
marine algae, the rockweeds. F. vesiculosus, bladder-
wrack, sea-wrack, is employed in goiter and glandular
enlargements and in obesity, under the name of
antifat. Dose of the solid extract 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.);
of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

fucusaldehyde, C6H4O2. Any oily compound from
fucus.

fucusol (fu'-kus-sol). Same as fucusaldehyde.

Fuerbringer's reaction for albumin (fur'-bring-er)
[Paul Fuerbringer, German physician, 1849- ].
Gelatin capsules holding the double salt of mercuric
chloride and sodium chloride with citric acid, opened
at both ends and introduced into the urine, causes a
cloudiness or flocculent precipitate in the presence of
albumin. F.'s sign, a subphrenic abscess may be
distinguished from a collection of pus above the
diaphragm by the transmission, in case of the former,
of the respiratory movements to a needle inserted
into the abscess.

fugacious (fu-ga'-shus) [fugere, to flee]. In biology,
falling off, or fading early; fleeting; fugitive.

fugitive (fu'-jit-iv). 1. Wandering, as e. g., a pain.

2. Transient.

Fuh's test for albumin. Equal volumes of non-
albuminous urine and a mixture of equal parts of
phenol and glycerol form an emulsion which clears
up on agitation, leaving a transparent and highly
refractive liquid. Equal volumes of albuminous
urine and this solution when mixed produce a white
turbidity which remains in spite of agitation and
does not precipitate. The test will show 0.1 % of
albumin.

Fukala's operation (fu-kal'-ah) [Vincenz Fukala,
German ophthalmologist]. Extraction of the crystal-
line lens in high degree of myopia.

fulgurant (ful'-gu-rant) [fulgur, lightning]. Light-
ning-like, f. pains, pains that are excruciating and
come on with lightning-like suddenness, and disap-
pear as quickly.

fulguration (ful-gu-ra'-shun) [see fulgurant]. 1.
Lightning-stroke. 2. Sensation of darting pain.

3. Treatment of malignant tumors by means of a
high-frequency current of high tension and rela-
tively low amperage applied with a cooled long spark
to the area from which the malignant growth has
been removed.

fuliginous (fu-lij'-in-us) [fuliginosus, full of soot].
Smoke-like; very dark; soot-colored; applied to lips
that are covered with dry, black crusts, as a "fuligi-
nous coating."

fullers' earth (ful'-erz urth). A siliceous non-
fictile clay, used in the fulling of cloth, on account of
its soapy quality ; it was formerly used as an absorb-
ent, like bole.

Fuller's operation (Jul'-er) [Eugene Fuller, Amer-
ican surgeon]. Incision of the seminal vesicles.

fulling (ful'-ing). In massage, a valuable method
of kneading, named from the motion used by fullers
in rubbing linen between their hands. It consists in
holding the limb between the palms of both hands^
with the fingers fully extended, and making a rapid
to-and-fro movement with each, the result being that
the limb is rolled back and forth between the hands.

fulminant, fulminating (fuV-min-ant, ful'-min-a-
ting) [see fulgurant]. Sudden, severe, and rapid in
course, as fulminant glaucoma.

fumigation (fU-mig-a'-shun) [fumigare, to smoke].
Disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vaporized
disinfectant.

fuming (Ju'-ming) [fumus, smoke]. Emitting
smoke or vapor.

function (Jungk'-shun) [fungi, to perform]. 1. The
normal or special action of a part. 2. The chemical
character, relationships and general properties of a
substance.

functional (Jungk'-shun-al). Pertaining to the
special action of an organ, f. disease, a derange-
ment of the normal action of an organ without
structural alteration.

funda (fun'-dah) [L., "a sling"; pi., fundce]. A
four-tailed bandage.

fundal (fun'-dal) [fundus]. Pertaining to the
fundus, f. placenta, a placenta normally attached
near the fundus of the uterus.

fundament (Jun'-dam-ent) [fundus]. 1. The
foundation or base of a thing. 2. The anus.

fundamental (fun-dam-ent'-al) [fundament]. Per-
taining to the foundation; elementary, essential.
f. tissue, in biology, unspecialized parenchyma;
those tissues of a plant through which the fibro-
vascular bundles are distributed.

fundus (fun'-dus) [L., "the bottom"]. The base
of an organ; the part farthest removed from the
opening of the organ, f. glands, microscopic tubular
glands in the cardiac portion of the gastric mucous
membrane, f. oculi, the posterior portion of the
interior of the eye seen by the ophtlia mosc'ope.
f. of gall-bladder, the wide anterior end. f.-reflex

FUNGAL

376

FUSIFORM

test. See retinoscopy. f. uteri, the part of the uterus
remotest from the cervix, f. ventriculi, the large
rounded cul-de-sac cephalad to the cardia of the
stomach, when the organ is dilated, f. vesicae, the
floor or bas fond of the urinary bladder.

fungal (fun' -gal). Belonging to or like fungi.

f ungate (fun' -gat) [fungus], i. To grow up with a
fungal appearance; also, to grow rapidly, like a
fungus, as certain pathologic growths. 2. A salt of
fungic acid.

f ungating (fun'-gat-ing). Applied to ulcers assum-
ing a fungous appearance.

fungicide (fun'-ji-sid) [fungus; ccedere, to kill].

1. Destructive to fungi; bactericide. 2. An agent
that destroys fungi or bacteria.

fungiform (fun'-jif-orm) [fungus; forma, form].
Having the form of a mushroom, as the fungiform
papilla? of the tongue.

fungoid (fun'-goid) [fungus; eldos, likeness].
Resembling a fungus.

fungosity (fun-gos'-it-e) [fungus]. A soft excres-
cence.

fungous (fung'-gus) [fungus, a toadstool]. Having
the appearance or qualities of a fungus; excrescent,
soft and swiftly-growing.

fungus (fun'-gus) [L.]. 1. One of the lowest
orders of plants, without stems, leaves, or roots, and
destitute of chlorophyl. The chief classes of fungi
are the molds, or Hyphomycetes, the yeasts, or
Saccharomycetes, and the bacteria, or Schizomycetes.

2. A spongy, morbid excrescence, as proud flesh.
f . articuli. See arthritis fungosa. f. of brain, hernia
cerebri, f. of dura mater, a tumor of malignant
nature springing from the dura and perforating the
skull and its integuments, f.-foot. See Madura-
foot, f. haematodes, a bleeding tumor, generally a
soft carcinoma, f ., ray-, the actinomyces.

funic (fu'-nik) [funis]. Pertaining to the funis.

funicle (fii'-nik-l) [funis]. A slender cord.

funicular (fu-nik'-u-lar) [funis]. Relating to the
umbilical or spermatic cord. f. process, the portion
of the tunica vaginalis that surrounds the spermatic
cord.

funiculate (fu-nik'-u-lat). Furnished with a
funiculus.

funiculitis (fu-nik-u-li'-tis) [funiculus; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the spermatic cord.

funiculus (fu-nik'-u-lus) [dim. of funis, a cord:
pi., funiculi]. 1. A cord-like structure, as the sper-
matic cord or the umbilical cord. 2. A bundle of
nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineurium. 3. A
name for the different columns of the spinal cord and
medulla oblongata, as the funiculus cuneatus, funi-
culus gracilis, funiculus of Rolando, funiculus teres.
f., cuneate lateral, f. of Rolando, a longitudinal
prominence on the surface of the oblongata, between
the cuneate funiculus and the line of roots of the
spinal accessory nerve, f. cuneatus, the continuation
into the oblongata of the posterolateral column of
the cord; the column of Burdach. f. gracilis, the
continuation into the oblongata of the posteromedian
column of the cord; the column of Goll. f. solitarius,
a bundle of nerve fibers in the medulla made up of
the descending fibers of the glossopharyngeal, facial,
and vagus nerves, f. teres, a column on each side
of the median furrow on the floor of the fourth
ventricle. Syn., corpus teres ; fasciculus teres.

funis (fu'-nis) [L.]. A cord; the umbilical
cord.

funnel (fun' -el). 1. A wide-mouthed, conical vessel
ending in an open tube, used to transfer liquids from
one vessel to another, and as a support for paper
niters, f.-breast, f.-chest. See breast, funnel-.
f .-drainage, drainage of diseased parts by means of
funnels, f.s, Golgi's, f.s, Golgi and Rezzonico's,
funnel-shaped structures composed of spiral threads
described by Golgi and others as surrounding the
axis-cylinder of a myelinic nerve-fiber and supporting
the myelin. They appear to be artificially produced
in the process of staining, f., nephridial, the funnel-
shaped beginning of a renal tubule.

funny bone (fun'-e-bon). The internal condyle of
the humerus. Being crossed superficially by the
ulnar nerve, blows upon it give an unpleasant sensa-
tion to the hand.

fur. A coating of morbid matters, including an
increased amount of epithelium, seen upon the tongue
in various conditions of disease.

furca (fur'-kah) [L., a fork]. A fork. f. orbitalis,
the orbital fork; one of the earliest signs of the orbit

seen in the embryo; it is a mere trace of bifurcated
bony tissue.

furcal, furcate (fur'-kal, fur'-kat) [furca, a fork].
Forked; divided into two equal branches.

furcula, furculum (fur'-kii-lah, -lum). A forked
elevation in the floor of the embryonic pharynx; the
joined clavicles of a bird; wishbone.

furfur (fur'-fur) [L.]. Dandruff or porrigo; scurf;
the bran of flour, f., microsporon. See tinea versi-
color.

furfuraceous (fur-fu-ra' -she-us) [furfur, bran].
Resembling the scales of bran, as furfuraceous des-
quamation.

furfural, furfuraldehyde (fur'-fu-ral, fur-fu-ral'-
de-hid) . See furfurol.

furfurol (fur'-fu-rol) [furfur, bran; oleum, oil],
C5H4O2. A distillation-product from bran; sugar,
etc. f. reaction for proteids, furfurol is produced on
heating proteids with sulphuric acid.

furfuron (fur' -fur-on). A proprietary liniment for
gout and rheumatism said to consist of soap, camphor,
salicylic acid, acetic ether, ammonia, and extract of
peppermint.

furfurous (fur'-fur-us). See furfuraceous.

furibund (fu' -re-bund) [furibundus, raging]. Rag-
ing; maniacal: applied to certain insane patients.

furor (fu'-ror) [L.]. Madness; fury; a maniacal
attack. f. amatorius, excessive sexual desire.
f. epilepticus, epileptic insanity, f. femininus. See
nymphomania, f. genitalis. Same as erotomania.
f. secandi, same as tomo mania, f. transitorius.
See mania, transitory, f . uterinus. See nymphomania.

furred (furd) . Having an abnormal coating of
granular or epithelial scales and other matter; as a
furred tongue.

furrow (fur'-o) [AS., furh, a groove]. A groove,
f., digital, one of the transverse lines or furrows on
the palmar surface of the fingers, f., genital, a
groove appearing on the genital tubercle of the fetus
at the end of the second month, f.s, interventricular,
two longitudinal grooves separating the two ventri-
cles of the heart, f.s, Liebermeister's, depressions
on the superior surface of the liver due to pressure of
the ribs.

furuncle (fii'-rung-kl). Aboil. See furunculus.

furuncular (fu-rung' -ku-lar) [furuncle]. Pertaining
to a furuncle, f . diathesis. See furunculosis.

furunculin (fu-rung' -ku-lin) . A preparation of
yeast intended for use in furuncles, gastric and
intestinal catarrhs, etc.

furunculoid (fu-rung' -ku-loid). Resembling a
furuncle or boil.

furunculosis (fu-rung-ku-lo'-sis) [furunculus], A
condition associated with the formation of furuncles.

furunculous (fu-rung' -ku-lus) [furunculus, a
boil].

Characterized by a continuous production of furun-
cles.

furunculus (fu-rung' -ku-lus) [L.]. A furuncle.
A local inflammatory affection, commonly involving
a skin-gland or hair-follicle, and ending in suppura-
tion. It begins with a painful induration, followed
by swelling, suppuration of the corium and sub-
cutaneous connective tissue, and the discharge of a
central slough or core. f. anthracoides, a small
carbuncle. Syn., anthracoid furuncle, f . gangraenes-
cens, f . gangraenosus, anthrax, f . malignus, anthrax,
f . orientalis, a disease marked by the successive forma-
tion of papule, tubercle, scab, and sharply circum-
scribed ulcer on the face, especially the cheeks and
angles of the mouth. It is common along the shores
of the Mediterranean Sea. Syn., Aleppo boil;
Biskra-button; Delhi boil; Natal sore; Oriental boil;
Pendjeh sore. f . vespajus, a large, indolent furuncle
bearing a fancied resemblance to a wasp's nest from
its having a number of openings through which it
suppurates.

fuscin (fus'-in) [fuscus, dark]. The black pigment
of the retina.

fusel oil (fu'-zel), C5H11HO. Amyl-alcohol. An
oily liquid of strong odor. It is an ingredient of
crude alcohol obtained by distilling grain and pota-
toes.

fusible (fuz'-ib-l) [fusus, to melt]. Capable of
being melted, f. calculus, a calculus that can be
liquefied by heat,

fusiform (fuz'-if-orm) [fusus, a spindle; forma,
shape]. Spindle-shaped, f. lobule, the convolution
on the median aspect of the brain below the col-
lateral fissure.

FUSION 377 FUZZBALL

fusion (Ju'-zhun) [fundere, to pour out]. The fustin (Jus' -tin) [fustus, a knotted stick], C15H10O6.

process of meltingj the act of uniting or cohering. A yellow crystalline coloring-matter obtained from

fusocellular (Ju-zo-sel'-u-lar) [fusus, a spindle; Rhus cotinus.

cella, a cell]. Spindle-celled. fututio (fu-tu'-she-o) [L]. Sexual intercourse.

fustigation (fus-tig-a'-shun) [fustigare, to beat]. fututrix (fu-tu'-triks) [L.]. A female who practises

Flogging, f., electric, an application of electricity tribadism.

in which the surface of the body is rapidly tapped with fuzzball (fuz'-bawl) . See Bovista.
the electrodes of an induced current.

g. Abbreviation of gram.

Ga. Chemical symbol for the element gallium.

Gabbet's method (gab'-et) [Henry Singer Gabbet,
English physician]. For staining tubercle bacilli:
the dried and fixed preparation is placed for 10
minutes in a solution consisting of fuchsin, i part;
alcohol, 10 parts; phenol, 5 parts; distilled water,
ioo parts; then dried with filter-paper and placed
for s minutes in a second solution of methylene-blue,
2 parts; sulphuric acid, 25 parts; distilled water,
100 parts; it is then washed and dried. If the stain
has been successful, the preparation will have a faint
blue color. In the case of sections, dehydrate with
alcohol ; clear and mount. A good and quick method.

Gadberry's mixture. A combination of iron sul-
phate, 100 gr.; quinine sulphate, 100 gr.; nitric acid,
100 min.; potassium nitrate, 300 gr.; water enough
to make 16 oz. In the N. F. it is called mistura
splenetica.

gadinin (gad'-in-in), C7H17NO6. A ptomaine ob-
tained from decomposing haddock and also from
cultures of the bacteria of human feces.

gadolinium (gad-o-lin'-e-um). See elements, table
of chemical.

gaduin (gad'-u-in) [gadus], C36H46O9. A fatty
principle occurring in cod-liver oil.

gaduol (gad'-u-ol). See morrhuol.

Gadus (ga'-dus) [y 6.80s, the whiting]. A genus
of fish. G. morrhua, the cod; a fish from the livers
of which cod-liver oil is obtained.

Gaertner's bacillus (gairt'-ner) [August Gaertner,
German bacteriologist, 1848- ]. Bacillus enter i-
iidis.

Gaffky's table (gaf'-ke) [Georg Gaffky, German
bacteriologist]. A table by means of which the
prognosis in cases of tuberculosis may be made by
estimating the number of tubercle bacilli in the
sputum. The cases are classified by Lawrason
Brown as follows: I. Only one to four bacilli in whole
preparation; II. Only one on an average in many
fields; III. Only one on an average in each field;
IV. Two to three on an average in each field ; V. Four
to six on an average in each field; VI. Seven to twelve
on an average in each field; VII. Thirteen to twenty-
five on an average in each field; VIII. About fifty
on an average in each field; IX. About 100 on an
average in each field.

gafsa button (gaf-sah but'-n). See furunculus
orientalis.

gag [ME., gaggen, to gag]. 1. An instrument
placed between the teeth to prevent closure of the
jaws. 2. To retch, or attempt to vomit.

Gage's test for bacterium coli in water. Dissolve
100 Gm. of dextrose and 50 Gm. of peptone in a liter
of boiling water; when cool, filter through paper until
clear and add 0.25 % of phenol. To 100 Cc. of the
water to be tested add 10 Cc. of the dextrose broth
and place in an incubator at 380 C. for 20 hours, when,
if Bacterium coli is present, there will be a bead on the
surface. Give the bottle one vigorous shake and
place it before a window. The gas will separate
from the liquid and can be seen rising to the surface.

gaiacyl (gi'-as-il). See guaiacyl.

gaiethol (gi'-eth-ol). See guaethol.

gait (gat) [Icel., gata, a way]. The manner of
walking, g., ataxic, a gait in which the foot is
raised high, thrown forward, and brought down
suddenly, the whole sole striking the ground at once.
g., cerebellar, a gait associated with a staggering
movement, g., cow, a swaying movement due to
knock-knee, g., equine, that of peroneal paralysis
in which the foot is raised by flexing the thigh on the
abdomen, g., frog, the hopping gait of infantile
paralysis, g., paraparetic, that observed in chronic
myelitis in which the steps are short and the feet
dragged, from inability to lift them, g., paretic, a
gait in which the steps are short, the feet dragged, the
legs held more or less widely apart, and, as the disease

progresses, there are uncertainty, shuffling, and
staggering, g., spastic, a gait in which the legs
are held close together and move in a stiff manner,
and the toes tend to drag and catch, g., steppage, a
gait observed in certain neurotic conditions, in which
the foot is thrown forcibly forward, the toe lifted
high in the air, the heel being first brought down
and then the entire foot, g., tabetic. See g., ataxic.
g., waddling, that of pseudohypertrophic paralysis,
resembling the waddling gait of a duck.

gala- (gal-ah-) [ya\a, milk]. A prefix denoting
relating to milk.

galactacrasia (gal-ak-tak-ra'-ze-ah) [gala-; &, priv.;
Kpaffis, mixture]. Defect or abnormality in the
composition of the milk.

, galactagogue, galactagog (gal-ak'-tag-og) [gala-;
&7W70J, leading]. 1. Inducing the secretion of milk.
2. An agent that increases the secretion of milk.

galactangioleucitis (gal-ak-tan-je-o-lu-si'-tis) [gala- ;
ayyaov, vessel; Xewcos, white]. Lymphangitis asso-
ciated with lactation.

galactapostema (gal-ak-tap-os-te'-mah) [gala- ;
Airoarrifia, abscess: pi., galactopostemata]. Milk-
abscess; mammary abscess associated with lactation.

galactose (gal-ak'-tds) [70X1, milk]. An enzyme
of milk. It is a normal constituent, is soluble, and
is active in ripening cheese.

galactedema (gal-ak-te-de'-mah) [gala-; otSrina, a
swelling]. Swelling of the breast due to accumu-
lation of milk within it.

galacthemia (gal-ak-the'-me-ah) [gala-; al/xa, blood].

1. A milky state or appearance of the blood. 2.
Bloody milk, or the giving of bloody milk.

galactic (gal-ak'-tik) [gala-]. Relating to or pro-
moting the flow of milk.

galactidrosis (gal-ak-lid-ro'-sis) [gala-; i5p«s,
sweat]. The sweating of a milk-like fluid.

galactin (gal-ak'-tin) [gala-]. 1. Same as lactose.

2. An amorphous substance obtainable from milk,
galactischia (gal-ak-tisk'-e-ah) [gala-; l<rx^v, to

suppress]. Suppression of the secretion of milk;
galactoschesis.

galactoblast (gal-ak'-to-blast) [gala-; (fXaaros, a
germ]. A peculiar fat-containing globule found in
the acini of the mammary gland; a colostrum cor-
puscle.

galactocele (gal-ak'-to-sel) [gala-; K17X77, tumor].
1. A cystic tumor of the female breast due to a
collection of milk resulting from closure of a milk-
duct. 2. Hydrocele with milky contents.

galactochloral (gal-ak-to-klo'-ral), C8H4CI3O6. A
mixture of galactose and chloral heated in presence
of hydrochloric acid ; similar to chloralose.

galactoglycosuria (gal-ak-to-gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [gala- ;
glycosuria]. Glycosuria dependent upon lactation.

galactoid (gal-ak'-toid) [gala-; eldos, form]. Re-
sembling milk.

galactoma (gal-ak-to'-mah) [gala-; 3/xa, a tumor:
pi., galactomata]. Same as galactocele.

galactometastasis (gal-ak-to-met-as'-tas-is). See
galactoplania.

galactometer (gal-ak-tom'-et-er). See lactometer.

galactoncus (gal-ak-tong'-kus) [gala-; 67*05, a
swelling]. Same as galactocele.

galactopathy (gal-ak-top'-ath-e) [gala-; iradot, dis-
ease]. 1. The application of a wet pack of warm
milk (not boiled), used in the Transvaal, South
Africa, in zymotic diseases. 2. Galactotherapy.

galactophagous (gal-ak-toff'-ag-us) [gala- ; <payelv, to
eat]. Subsisting on milk.

galactophlysis (gal-ak-tof'-lis-is) [gala-; 0u<m,
eruption], 1. A vesicular eruption containing a milk-
like fluid. 2. Crusta lactea.

galactophora (gal-ak-toff'-or-ah) [gala-; <peptiv, to
bear]. Remedies that increase the secretion of milk.

galactophoritis (gal-ak-toff-or-i'-tis) [gala-; <f>epeit>,
to bear; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
milk-duct.

GALACTOPHOROUS

379

GALL

galactophorous (gal-ak-tof'-or-us) [gala-; 4>kpeiv,
to bear]. Milk-bearing, g. ducts, the excretory
ducts of the mammae.

galactophorus (gal-ak-toff'-or-us) [gala-; <pepeiv,
to bear]. An artificial nipple placed over the natural
organ in order to facilitate sucking and also to protect
the natural nipple when abraded.

galactophthisis (gal-ak-toff'-this-is) [gala-; <p6Lcns,
consumption]. Emaciation and debility due to
excessive secretion of milk.

galactophyga (gal-ak-toff'-ig-ah) [gala-; cpevyeiv, to
shun]. Remedies employed to arrest the secretion
of milk.

galactophygous (gal-ak-tof-ig-us) [gala-; <pvyfi,
flight]. Arresting the secretion of milk.

galactoplania (gal-ak-to-pla'-ne-ah) [gala-; w\avr],
a wandering]. The metastasis of milk; a disease due
to the suppression of lactation and the metastasis of
the milk.

galactoplerosis (gal-ak-to-ple-ro'-sis) [gala-; irX^pco-
o-ts, a filling]. Distention of the breast from
hypersecretion of milk, or from closure of the milk-
ducts.

galactopoietic (gal-ak-to-poi-et'-ik) [gala-; iroiktiv,
to make]. Inducing the secretion of milk; concerned
in the secretion of milk.

galactoposia (gal-ak-to-po'-ze-ah) [gala-; irons,
drinking]. The treatment of diseases by the use
of a milk-diet; the milk-cure.

galactopyretic (gal-ak-to-pi-ret'-ik) [gala-; irvperos,
fever]. Relating to milk-fever.

galactopyretus (gal-ak-lo-pi-re'-tus) [gala-; irvperos,
fever]. Milk-fever.

galactorrhea, galactorrhoea (gal-ak-tor-e'-ah) [gala- ;
poia, a flow]. An excessive flow of milk.

galactoschesis (gal-ak-tos'-kes-is) [gala-; axeo-is,
retention]. The retention or suppression of the
milk.

galactoscope (gal-ak'-to-skop). See lactoscope.

galactose (gal-ak'-tos) [yaka, milk], C6H12O6. A
sugar formed by boiling milk-sugar with dilute
acids. It readily reduces alkaline copper solutions
and is fermentable with yeast.

galactosis (gal-ak-to'-sis) [ya\cucT<a<ris]. The secre-
tion of milk.

galactostasis (gal-ak-tos'-tas-is) . 1. A suppression
of the milk-secretion. 2. A stasis of milk in a breast.

galactosuria (gal-ak-to-su'-re-ah) [galactose; ovpov,
urine]. The passage of urine containing galactose.

galactosyrinx (gal-ak-to-sir'-ingks) [gala-; abpiy%,
a pipe]. Lacteal fistula.

galactotherapy (gal-ak-to-ther'-ap-e) [gala- ; Oepairela,
treatment]. 1. The treatment of disease in suckling
infants by the administration of remedies to the
mother or wet-nurse. 2. Milk-cure.

galactotoxicon (ga-lak-to-toks'-ik-on). The active
agent in poisonous milk.

galactotoxin (gal-ak-to-toks'-in). A basic poison
generated in milk by the growth of microorganisms.
See tyroioxicon.

galactotoxism (gal-ak-to-toks'-izm) [gala-; to^ikov,
poison]. Milk-poisoning.

galactotrophy (gal-ak-tot'-ro-fe) [gala-; rpcxprj,
nourishment]. Nourishing with milk only.

galactozemia (gal-ak-to-ze'-me-ak) [gala-; fTj/ua,
loss]. 1. Loss, diminution, or suppression of the
milk by failure of secretion. 2. Loss of milk by
wastage; oozing of milk from the nipple.

galactozymase (gal-ak-to-zi'-maz) [gala-; fu^7?.
leaven]. A ferment found in milk capable of lique-
fying starch.

galactozyme (gal-ak' -to-zlm) [gala-; fi>p;, leaven].
A drink made by the fermentation of milk, as kefir,
or kumiss; also milk fermented with common yeast.

galacruria (gal-ak-tu'-re-ah) [gala-; ovpov, urine].
Milkiness of the urine; chyluria.

galanga, galangal (gal-an'-gah, gal'-an-gaV) [Chin.].
The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum and of Kcempferia
galanga (greater galangal). The active principles
are a volatile oil and a resin; the actions are those of
a stimulant aromatic. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).

galangol (gal-ang'-gol). The active principle of
galangal.

Galassi pupillary phenomenon. When the orbicu-
laris palpebrarum is brought into energetic use and
the eye closed with vigor, there is a narrowing of
the pupil, which dilates when the eye is opened.

galazyme (gal'-az-lm) [gala-; fuMf. leaven]. A
fermented drink, made on the continent, from milk
by adding to it sugar and a special ferment.

galbanum (gal'-ban-um) [Heb., khelb'nah, white
milk]. 1. A gum-resin of Ferula galbaniflua and

F. rubricaulis. It is expectorant, stimulant, and
antispasmodic, and is useful in chronic bronchitis,
amenorrhea, and chronic rheumatism. Locally it
is employed in the form of a plaster for indolent
swellings. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). g.,
compound pills of, pills of asafetida, galbanum, myrrh,
and syrup of glucose, g. plaster, galbanum, 16;
turpentine, 2; Burgundy pitch, 6; lead-plaster, 76
parts.

Galbiati knife (gal-be-ah'-te) [Gennaro Galbiati,
Italian obstetrician, 1776-1844]. A special knife
used in the operation of symphyseotomy.

galbismin (gal-biz' -miri). A proprietary substitute
for iodoform.

galea (ga'-le-ah) [galea, helmet: pi., galea;]. 1. A
form of head-bandage. 2. Headache extending all
over the head. 3. The aponeurotic portion of the
occipito-frontal muscle. 4. The amnion or caul,
g. aponeurotica, galea (3). g. capitis, galea (1)
and (3).

galeamaurosis (ga-le-am-aw-ro'-sis) [ya\fi, cat,
weasel; buavpoeiv, to darken]. See amaurotic cat's
eye.

galeanthropy (ga-le-an'-thro-pe) [ya\ij, cat, weasel;
hvOpunros, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which
the patient believes himself to be transformed into or
inhabited by a cat.

Galeati's glands. See Lieberkiihn's crypts.

galega (gal-e'-gah) [ya\a, milk; ayeiv, to lead].
Goat's-rue. A genus of plants belonging in the order
Leguminosce. G. officinalis is a European species
said to be an efficient galactagogue. Dose of fluid-
extract 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.); of tincture, containing
6.5 % of extract, 50-100 min. (3.08-6.16 Cc.) 5 times
daily.

galegol (gal-e' -gol) . A proprietary preparation
made from galega; used as a galactagogue.

galena (ga-le'-nah) [yaX-qvv, lead ore]. 1. A
remedy for poison. 2. Native lead sulphide.

Galenic, Galenical (ga-len'-ik, -al) [Galen]. Re-
lating to or consistent with the teachings of Galen.
Medicines were said to be galenic (a) when they were
of vegetable origin, and not chemical or spagyric;
(b) when they were designed for the use of human
patients, and were not veterinary; (c) the term was
often nearly equivalent to officinal, or official, in the
modern sense of the latter word.

Galen's ampulla (ga'-len) [Claudius Galenus, Greek
physician (in Rome), 130-200]. A dilatation of the
vena magna Galeni, occurring in the middle of
Bichat's fissure, between the splenium and the
quadrigeminal bodies. It receives the two basilar
and several small cerebral and cerebellar veins.
G.'s anastomosis. See G.'s nerve. G.'s bandage,
a six-tailed bandage for the head. G.'s cardiac vein,
the anterior cardiac or right marginal vein. G.'s
cerate, a cerate composed of white wax 1; oil of
almonds 4; rose-water 3. G.'s chancre. See Celsus'
chancre. G.'s duct. See Botal, duct of. G.'s
foramen, the opening of the anterior cardiac vein in
the right auricle. G.'s nerve, a small branch of the
superior laryngeal nerve that passes along the
posterior surface of the cricoarytenoideus posticus and
anastomoses with the ascending branch of the in-
ferior laryngeal nerve. G.'s veins, two large venous
trunks formed by the deep cerebral veins; they unite
to form the vena magna Galeni, which opens into the
straight sinus. G.'s ventricle. See Morgagni's
ventricle.

galeropia, or galeropsia (gal-er-o' -pe-ah, or gal-er-
op'-se-ah) [yaXipos, cheerful; Si/as, vision]. A pre-
ternaturally clear and light appearance of objects
due to some perversion of the visual apparatus.

galianconism (ga-le-an'-ko-nizm) [yaXidyKuv, a
short-armed person]. Atrophy of the arm, with
shortening.

Galium. 1. A genus of herbs. 2. An extract
from the leaves of G. aparine; it is antiscorbutic and
diuretic; used in epilepsy, jaundice, and dropsy.

G. verum, ladies' bed-straw; it is a refrigerant.

gall (gawl) [AS., gealla, bile]. 1. The bile. 2. An
excoriation. 3. Nut-gall or galla. g.-bladder, the
pear-shaped sac on the under surface of the right
lobe of the liver, constituting the reservoir for the
bile, g.-cyst, the gall-bladder, g.-ducts, the ducts
conveying the bile, g.-stones, the concretions
occasionally formed in the gall-bladder and bile-
ducts, g.-stones, Courvoisier's law concerning,

GALLA

380

GAMBOGE

when the common duct is obstructed by a stone,
dilatation of the gall-bladder is rare; when the common
duct is obstructed by other causes, dilatation of the
gall-bladder is common.

galla (gal'-ah) [L.]. Nutgall. The galla of the
U. S. P. is an excrescence on the leaves of Quercus
infectoria, caused by the deposited ova of an insect.
It contains tannic acid, from 10 to 75 %, gallic acid,
5 %. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). gallae, tinctura
(U. S. P.), 20 %. Dose §-3 dr. (2-12 Cc). gallae,
unguentum (U. S. P.), nutgall ointment, gallae,
unguentum, cum opio (B. P.), an astringent and
sedative ointment.

gallabromol (gal-ah-bro'-mol) . See gallobromol.

gallacetophenol (gal-as-et-o-fe'-nol). See gallaceto-
phenone.

gallacetophenone (gal-as-et-o-fe'-non) [galla; aci-
dum, acid; phenone], CH3CO . CeH2(OH)3. A yellow
powder prepared from pyrogallic acid; used as a
10 % ointment in dermatology.

gallal (gal'-al). Aluminum gallate; it is used as a
dusting-powder.

gallanilide (gal-an' -il-id) . See gallanol.

gallanol (gal'-an-ol), C13H11O4N +2H2O. The ani-
lide of gallic acid obtained by boiling tannin with
aniline; used in skin diseases in 3 to 20 % ointment,
or as a dusting-powder when mixed with French chalk.

gallate (gal'^dt). A salt of gallic acid.

gallein (gal'-e-in), CisHuO. Pyrogallol-phthalein;
one of the coal-tar colors, obtained on heating pyro-
gallic acid with phthalic anhydride to 2000 C. It
dissolves with a dark-red color in alcohol, and with a
beautiful blue color in alkalies. It is an important
indicator.

gallianin (gal-e'-an-in). A fluid consisting of 4
parts by volume of ozone dissolved in 1 part of an
indifferent vehicle. It is used in veterinary surgery,
in heat-stroke, acute pneumonia, etc.

gallic acid (gal'-ik). See acid, gallic.

gallicin (gal'-is-in), CeHsCOH^COOCHs. A methyl
ether of gallic acid; recommended in conjunctivitis
and keratitis.

gallinol (gal'-in-ol). See gallanol.

gallipot (gal'-e-pot) [OD., gleypot]. An apothe-
cary's pot for holding ointments or confections.

gallisin (gal'-is-in) [galla, an oak-gall], C12H24O10.
An unfermentable carbohydrate found in starch-
sugar.

gallium (gal'-e-um) [Gallia, Gaul]. A rare metal
(symbol Ga, sp. gr. 5.93s), extremely fusible, and
related in chemical properties to aluminum, like
which it is capable of forming a series of alums.
Some of its compounds are poisonous. See elements,
table of.

gallobromol (gal-o-bro'-mol), CvBnOoHU. A com-
pound obtained from bromine by action of gallic
acid; it is sedative, antiseptic, and astringent. Dose
30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.) a day. Application in 1 to 4 %
solution or paste.

galloformin (gal-o-form'-in). A compound of
hexamethylenamine and gallic acid; used as an in-
ternal antiseptic.

gallogen (gal'-o-jen) ellagic or benzoaric acid,
CuH608; employed as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose
5-10 gr. (0.3-1.0 gm.).

Gallois' test for inosit. Allow the inosit solution
to evaporate to incipient dryness; moisten the
residuum with a little mercuric nitrate solution and
it assumes a yellow color on drying, which becomes
a fine red on heating strongly, but disappears on
cooling. Tyrosin, sugar, and proteids must be absent.

gallon (gal' -on) [ME., galon]. A standard unit of
volumetric measurement, having in the United
States a capacity of 231 cubic inches; four quarts.

galloping consumption. The popular term for the
very rapidly fatal form of pulmonary tuberculosis,
in which there is rapid destruction of the lung-tissue
on both sides. It is also called florid phthisis, g.
paresis, rapidly progressive general paralysis.

gallop rhythm (gal' -up rithm). A peculiar form of
cardiac arrhythmia, in which the sounds resemble the
footfall of a horse in cantering. It is expressed by
the words "rat-ta-tat." It is most frequently
heard in interstitial nephritis and arteriosclerosis.
It is said to be met with also in healthy persons.

gallotannic acid (gal-o-tan'-ik). See acid, tannic.

galtah, galtia (gal'-tah, gal'-she-ah) [gala, throat,
as galtah is a form of surra in camels, in which the
throat affection is one of the prominent symptoms].
Vernacular term in India for trypanosomiasis.

Galton's whistle (gawl'-ton) [Francis Gallon,
English anthropologist, 1822-1011]. An instrument
used for detecting the perception of high tones by
the ear.

galvanic (gal-van' -ik) [Luigi Galvani, Italian
scientist, 1737-1798]. Pertaining to galvanism.
c. battery, a series of cells producing electricity by
chemical reaction, and so arranged as to secure the
combined effect of the units, g. electricity, galvanism.

galvanism (gal'-van-izm) [see galvanic}. Primary
electricity produced by chemical action.

galvanization (gal-van-iz-a'-shun) [see galvanic}.
The transmission of a current of low electromotive
force through any part of the body for the purpose
of diagnosing or curing disease.

galvano- (gal-van-o-) [see galvanic}. A prefix
denoting a galvanic or primary current of electricity.

galvanocaustics (gal-van-o-kaws'-tiks). The sci-
ence of the caustic action of galvanism.

galvanocautery (gal-van-o-kaw'-ter-e). A form of
thermal cautery in which the heat is produced by a
galvanic current.

galvanochemistry (gal-van-o-kem'-is-tre). See elec-
trochemistry.

galvanocontractility (gal-van o-kon-trak-til' i-te).
The property of being contractile under stimulation
by the galvanic current.

galvanofaradaic, galvanofaradic (gal-van-o-far-ad-
a'-ik, -ad'-ik). Relating to faradism and to gal-
vanism.

galvanof aradization (gal-van-o-far-ad-i-za'-shun) .
The simultaneous excitation of a nerve or muscle by
both a galvanic and a faradic current.

galvanolysis (gal-van-ol'-is-is). See electrolysis.

galvanometer (gal-van-om'-et-er) [galvano-; ukrpov,
a measure]. 1. An instrument used for the qualitative
determination of the presence of an electric current.
2. An electrocardiograph.

galvanoplasty (gal-van-o-plas' -te) [galvano- ; irXaaaeiv,
to form]. Electroplating.

galvanoprostatotomy (gal-van-o-pros-tat-ot'-o-me)
[galvano-; prostate; ro^i], a cutting]. Bottini's
operation, q. v.

galvanopuncture (gal-van-o-pungk'-tur). The intro-
duction of fine needles that complete an electric
circuit.

galvanoscope (gal-van' -o-skop) [galvano ; aKoirelv,
to view]. An instrument for detecting the presence
and direction of a galvanic current.

galvanoscopy (gal-van-os'-ko-pe) [see galvanoscope}.
The use of the galvanoscope.

galvanosurgery (gal-van-o-sur'-jer-e). The surgical
use of galvanism.

galvano taxis (gal-van-o-taks' -is) . See galvano-
tropism.

galvanotherapeutics (gal-van-o-ther-a-pu '-tiks) .

Treatment by means of the galvanic current.

galvanothermy (gal-van-o-ther'-me) . The galvanic
production of heat.

galvanotonic (gal-van-o-ton'-ik). Both galvanic
and tonic; relating to galvanotonus.

galvanotonus (gal-van-ot'-on-us) [galvano-; tovos,
tension]. 1. Electro tonus. 2. The continued tetanus
of a muscle between the make and break contrac-
tion.

galvanotropism (gal-van-ot'-ro-pizm) [galvano-;
irpkireiv, to turn]. The turning movements of living
structure or beings under the influence of a current
of electricity.

galyl (gal'-il). Tetraoxydiphosphaminodiarseno-
benzene; it contains about 35 per cent, of arsenic,
and is used, intravenously, for syphilis.

galziekte (gal-ze-ek'-te). A South African disease
of cattle due to Trypanosoma theileri.

Gambault and Philippe, median triangular tract of.
A part of the descending posteromedial tract of the
spinal cord.

Gambian fever (gam'-be-an) [Gambia, on West
coast of Africa]. A relapsing fever due to the
Trypanosoma gambiense.

gambir (gam'-bir). An extract from the twigs
and leaves of Ourouparia gambir. Gambir yields
the same substances as catechu, and its action and
uses are the same as those of catechu, g., compound
tincture of (tinctura gambir composita, U. S. P.),
used in place of the compound tincture of catechu.
Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). g., troches of (trochisci gambir,
U. S. P.), made of gambir, sugar, tragacanth, and
stronger orange-flower water.

gamboge (gam-boozf) . See cambogia.

GAMENOMANIA

381

GANGLION

gamenomania (gam-en-o-ma'-ne-ah). See gamo-
mania.

gametangium (gam-et-an'-je-um) [yauer-ns, a spouse;
&yyeloi>, a vessel]. A cell or organ producing or
containing sexual elements, or gametes.

gamete (gam'-et) [ya^er-os, a spouse]. In biology,
any sexual reproductive body.

gametocyte (gam-et-o-sit) . A cell different in
appearance from the ordinary individuals of the
species and from which the gamete is derived.

gametophyte (gam'-et-o-fit) [gamete; <j>vrbv, a
plant]. In biology, the sexual form of such plants
as exhibit alternate generation.

gametoschizont (gam-et-o-skiz'-ont). A parasite
of the sexual type in organisms exhibiting alternation
of generation.

Gamgee tissue (gam'-je). Absorbent cotton-
wool. m

gamic (gam'-ik) [ydfios, marriage]. In biology,
sexual.

gammacism (gam'-as-izm) [gammacismus ; yanna,
the Greek letter T, 7, the equivalent of the letter
G or g.]. Difficulty in pronouncing the letters "g"
and "k."

gamo- (gam'-o) [71x^0?, marriage]. A prefix denot-
ing union, junction.

gamogenesis (gam-o-jen'-es-is) [yavos, marriage;
ykvea-LS, generation]. Sexual reproduction.

gamogenetic (gam-o-jen-et'-ik) [ya^os, marriage;
ykveois, origin]. Relating to gamogenesis.

gamomania (gam-o-ma'-ne-ah) [yanos, marriage;
navia, mania]. _ Insane desire of marriage.

gamomorphism (gam-o-mor' -fizm) [ya/xos, marriage;
liop<t>v, form]. Puberty; sexual maturity.

gamopetalous (gam-o-pet'-al-us) [yanos, marriage;
■wkrakov, a leaf]. In biology, sympetalous; having
the petals more or less united.

gamophyllous {gam-o-fiV -us) [yauos, marriage;
</>v\\ov, a leaf]. In biology, symphyllous; having the
floral envelops united into a single perianth-whorl.
ganglia (gang'-gle-ah). Plural of ganglion.
gangliac, ganglial, gangliar (gang'-gle-ak, gang'-
gle-al, gang' -gle-ar) . Same as ganglionic.

gahgliasthenia (gang-gle-as-the'-ne-ah) [ganglion ;
&crdev€La, weakness]. Ganglionic asthenia; neur-
asthenia due to defect of ganglionic function.

gangliate, gangliated {gan'-gle-at, -ed). 1. Fur-
nished with ganglia. 2. Intertwined or intermixed.
gangliectomy {gang-le-ek' -to-me) [ganglion; tKToui),
excision]. Excision of a ganglion.

gangliform (gang'-gle-form) [ganglion; forma, form].
Having the shape of a ganglion.

gangliitis (gang-gle-i'-tis). See ganglionitis.
ganglioblast (gang'-gle-o-blast) [ganglion; fiXaards,
a germ]. An embryonic ganglion-cell. Syn., esthesio-
blast.

gangliocyte (gang'-gle-o-szt) [ganglion; kvtos, cell].
A ganglion-cell.

ganglioma (gang-gle-o'-mah) [ganglion; 6/xa, tumor].
A tumor or swelling of a lymphatic ganglion.

ganglion (gang'-gle-on) [ykyy\iov, a knot: pi.,
ganglia]. 1. A well-defined collection of nerve-cells
and fibers forming a subsidiary nerve-center. 2. A
lymph node. 3. An enlarged bursa in connection
with a tendon, g., Andersen's. See g., petrous, g.,
Arnold's. See g., otic, g., auditory, a prominence on
the lateral wall of the fourth ventricle traversed by
the auditory striae. Syn., tuber culum acusticum. g.,
auricular. See g., otic, g.s, basal, those at the base
of the cerebrum; they include the corpora striata
(caudate and lenticular nuclei) and optic thalami. g.,
Bidder's. See Bidder's ganglion, g., Bochdalek's.
See Bochdalek's ganglion, g., cardiac, superior. See
Wrisberg's ganglion (1). g., carotid, one in the lower
part of the cavernous sinus, beneath the carotid
artery; roots, filaments from the carotid plexus;
distribution, carotid plexus, g., carotid, inferior, one
of the lower portion of the carotid canal; root, carotid
plexus; distribution, filaments to the carotid artery.
S-, carotid, superior, one in the upper portion of the
carotid canal; root, carotid plexus; distribution,
filaments to the carotid artery, g., Casserian. See
Gasserian ganglion. g.-cell, the large nerve-cell
characteristic of the ganglia; similar cells are
found in other parts of the nervous system, g.s,
cephalic, sympathetic ganglia of the head. They
include the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine, otic, and
submaxillary, g., cervical, inferior, that between the
neck of the first rib and the transverse process of
the last cervical vertebra; roots, three lower cervical,

first dorsal; distribution, cardiac nerves and plexus,
etc. g., cervical, middle, or thyroid, that opposite
the fifth cervical vertebra, near the inferior thyroid
artery; roots, fifth and sixth cervical nerves, spinal
nerves and ganglia; distribution, thyroid gland, cardiac
nerve, cavernous plexus, g., cervical, superior, that
opposite the second and third cervical vertebra?;
roots, four upper cervical, petrosal, vagus, glosso-
pharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerves; distribution,
superior, inferior, external, internal branches; carotid
and cavernous plexuses, g., cervical (of uterus), that
near the cervix uteri; roots, filaments from the*
hypogastric plexus, sacral ganglia, andsacral nerves;
distribution, uterine nerves, g., ciliary. See g.,
ophthalmic, g. of Cloquet. See Cloquet's ganglion.
g., coccygeal. See g. impar. g., Corti's. See Corti's
ganglion. g., Gasser's. See g., Gasserian. g.,
Gasserian, g., semilunar, location, fossa on the
anterior part of the petrous portion of the temporal
bone, near the apex; roots, fifth cranial nerve, carotid
plexus; distribution, ophthalmic, superior and inferior
maxillary nerves, g., geniculate, one in the aque-
duct of Fallopius; roots, large and small superficial
petrosal; distribution, facial, g., hepatic, one around
the hepatic artery; roots, hepatic branches of the
semilunar ganglion; distribution, liver, g. impar,
g., coccygeal, that on the anterior surface of the
tip of the coccyx, uniting the two sympathetic nerves;
root, sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic, g.,
inferior (of vagus), one near jugular foramen; roots,
hypoglossal and cervical nerves and various plexuses;
distribution, vagus, g., inframaxillary, anterior, one
near the incisor teeth; root, inferior maxillary nerve;
distribution, filaments to the teeth, g., infra-
maxillary, posterior, one near the last molar tooth;
root, inferior maxillary nerve; distribution, filaments
to the teeth, g., intercarotic, one connected with
the caiotid plexus atthe bifurcation of the common
carotid artery, g., interpeduncular. See Gudden's
ganglion, g., jugular (Ehrenritter's), one in the
upper part of the jugular foramen; root, glosso-
pharyngeal; distribution, continuation of the glosso-
pharyngeal, g., jugular (of vagus), one in the
jugular foramen; root, vagus; distribution, vagus.
g., lenticular. See g., ciliary, g., lingual. See g.,
submaxillary. g., Lowit's, the bulbus arteriosus.
g., Ludwig's. See Ludwig's ganglion, g.s, lumbar
(4 or 5), on each side and behind the abdominal
aorta; root,_ sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic.
g., lymphatic, any lymphatic gland, g., Meckel's,
See g., sphenopalatine, g., mesenteric, inferior, one
in the inferior mesenteric artery ; root, inferior mesen-
teric plexus; distribution, mesentery and intestine.
g., mesenteric, lateral, one in connection with
superior mesenteric plexus, on left side; root, superior
mesenteric plexus; distribution, mesentery and
bowel, g., mesenteric, superior, one near the
origin of the superior mesenteric artery; root, superior
mesenteric plexus; distribution, sympathetic, g..
nasal. See g., sphenopalatine, g., nasopalatine.
See Cloquet's ganglion, g. nodosum, the ganglion
on the trunk of the vagus just before the jugular
foramen, g., ophthalmic, that in the posterior part
of the orbit; roots, nasal branch of the ophthalmic,
third nerve, cavernous plexus, and Meckel's ganglion;
distribution, short ciliary, g. orbital. See g., ophthal-
mic, g., otic (Arnold's), one below the foramen
ovale; roots inferior maxillary, auriculotemporal,
glossopharyngeal, facial, sympathetic, and internal
pterygoid; distribution, tensor tympani, tensor palati,
chorda tympani. g., petrous (Andersch's), one on
the lower border of the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone; root, glossopharyngeal; distribution,
tympanic, sympathetic, and vagus, g., pharyngeal,
one near the ascending pharyngeal artery; root,
carotid plexus; distribution, carotid plexus, g.,
phrenic, one under the diaphragm at the junction
of the right phrenic nerve and phrenic plexus; root,
sympathetic; distribution, to the diaphragm, inferior
vena cava, suprarenal capsule, hepatic plexus, g.s,
pneumogastric. See g., vagus, g., prostatic (of
Miiller), one on the prostate; root, prostatic plexus;
distribution, filaments to seminal vesicles and cav-
ernous tissue of penis, g., pterygopalatine. See
g., sphenopalatine. g., Remak's. See Remak's
ganglion, g., renal, one around the renal artery;
root, renal plexus; distribution, renal artery, g. of
Ribes. See Ribes, ganglion of. g., sacral, four or
five pairs on the ventral surface of the sacrum; root,
sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic, g., Scarpa's.

GANGLIONAR

382

GARROD'S TEST

See Scarpa's ganglion, g., Schacher's. See g.,
ophthalmic, g., semilunar. See Gasserian's ganglion.
g.s, semilunar, two ganglia, right and left, near the
suprarenal bodies, in front of the crura of the dia-
phragm; roots, solar plexus and great splanchnic
nerves; distribution, solar plexus, g.s, solar. See
g.s, semilunar, g., sphenopalatine (Meckel's), one
in the sphenomaxillary fossa, near the spheno-
palatine foramen; roots, superior maxillary, facial,
sympathetic; distribution, anterior, posterior, and
external palatine, nasopalatine, superior nasal, Vidian,
•pharyngeal, g.s, spinal, those on the spinal nerve
near the intervertebral foramina, g. spirale. See
Corti's ganglion, g.s, splanchnic. See g.s, semilunar.
g., submaxillary, that above the submaxillary gland;
roots, gustatory, chorda tympani, submaxillary,
sympathetic; distribution, mouth, submaxillary
gland, and Wharton's duct, g., superior (of vagus),
located at the jugular foramen; roots, superior
cervical and petrous ganglia and spinal accessory;
distribution, vagus, g., suprarenal, that at the
junction of the great splanchnic nerves; root, solar
plexus; distribution, suprarenal plexus, g., thoracic,
twelve pairs between the transverse processes of
the vertebrae and the heads of the ribs; root, sympa-
thetic; distribution, splanchnic nerves and branches
to spinal nerves and plexuses, g., thyroid, inferior.
See g., cervical, middle, g., thyroid, superior. See
g., cervical, superior, g., tympanic, that in the canal
between the lower surface of the petrous portion
of the temporal bone and the tympanum; root,
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal; distri-
bution, tympanum, g., vagus, (i) Of the root.
See g., jugular. (2) Of the trunk: location, below the
jugular foramen; root, vagus; distribution, vagus.
g., Valentin's. See Valentin's ganglion, g., ventricu-
lar. See Bidder's ganglion, g., vestibular, that in
the aqueduct of Fallopius; root, geniculate ganglion;
distribution, vestibular nerve, g., Walther's. See
g. impar. g. of Wrisberg. See Wrisberg's ganglion.

ganglionar (gang-gle-on'-er). Pertaining to, or
having the characteristics of, a ganglion.

ganglionated {gang- gle-on-a' -ted). Same as gangli-
ate.

ganglionervous system (gang-gle-o-ner'-vus). The
sympathetic nervous system.

ganglioneure, ganglioneuron (gang-gle-o-nur' ', -««'-
ron) [ganglion; vevpov, a nerve]. A neuron the
cell-body (nerve-cell) of which lies within the spinal
or the cerebral ganglia.

ganglioneuroma (gang-gle-o-nu-ro'-mah). A neu-
roma containing ganglion-cell*.

ganglionic {gang-gle-on'-ik) [ganglion]. Pertaining
to or for the nature of a ganglion, g. canal, the
canal around the cochlear modiolus for the spiral
ganglion, g. centers, masses of gray matter of the
brain lying between the floor of the lateral ventricles
and the decussation of the anterior pyramids of
the cord. They include the optic thalami, corpora
striata, and others.

ganglionica (gang-gle-on'-ik-ah). Drugs affecting
the sensibility of the regions supplied by the sympa-
thetic nerve.

ganglionitis (gang-gle-on-i'-tis) [ganglion; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion.

gangliopathy (gang-gle-op' -ath-e) [ganglion; irhdos,
disease]. Any disorder dependent upon a diseased
condition of a ganglion; any diseased state of a
ganglion.

Gangolphe's sign (gahn-golf) [Louis Gangolphe,
French surgeon]. In intestinal obstruction a sero-
sanguineous effusion in the abdomen soon after
strangulation has taken place.

gangosa (gan-go'-sah) [Sp. gangoso, snuffling], A
destructive form of nasopharyngitis.

gangraena oris (gan-gre'-nah o'-ris). Cancrum
oris (q. v.).

gangrene (gang' -gr en) [yayypaiva, a sore, from
ypaivtiv, to gnaw]. i. Mortification or death of a
part of the body from failure in nutrition. 2. The
putrefactive fermentation of dead tissue. g.,
atrophic, that due to embolism or thrombosis, g.,
carbolic-acid, dry gangrene from carbolized dressings.
g., diabetic, a moist gangrene sometimes occurring in
diabetic persons, g., dry, shriveling and desiccation
from insufficiency of arterial blood, g., embolic,
that caused by an embolus that cuts off the supply
of blood, g., hospital, a contagious, rapidly fatal
form arising under crowded conditions, particularly
in military hospitals, g., mixed, dry gangrene with

moist patches, g., moist, a form with abundance
of serous exudation and rapid decomposition, g.
nosocomial, hospital gangrene, g., primary, that
without preceding inflammation of the part, g.,
pulpy. See g., hospital, g., secondary, a form with
preceding inflammation, g., senile, that attacking
the extremities of the aged, g., symmetrical, that
attacking corresponding parts of opposite sides.
Syn., Raynaud's disease, g., tachetic, a form marked
by the appearance of ecchymotic spots, of greater
or less extent, on various parts of the body. It is
believed to be due to blood-poisoning, g., white,
a moist gangrene due to anemia and lymphatic
obstruction.

gangrenopsis (gang-gr en-op' -sis) [gangrene; o\J/is,
the face]. Synonym of cancrum oris.

gangrenosis (gang-gr en-o' -sis) [gangrene; vboos,
disease]. The condition of being or of becoming
mortified or gangrenous.

gangrenous (gang'-gren-us) [gangrene]. Pertaining
to or of the nature of gangrene, g. emphysema.
See edema, malignant.

ganister, gannister (gan'-is-ter) [MHG., ganster,
a spark]. A very hard silicious fire-clay forming the
floor of coal-seams in Yorkshire and Lancashire,
England, g. disease, the formation of fibroid tissue
in the lungs, occurring in ganister miners and grinders,
from the irritation pioduced by breathing the fine
dust.

ganjah (gan'-jah). SeeGunjah.

Gant's line [Frederick James Gant, English sur-
geon]. An imaginary line below the greater tro-
chanter, serving as a guide in section of the femur.
G.'s operation, for ankylosis of the hip-joint: division
of the shaft of the femur just below the lesser tro-
chanter.

gap. A cleft, fissure, or opening, g., Boch-
dalek's. See under Bochdalek.

gape (gap). To yawn; the act of yawning.

gapes (gaps). A disease of young fowls, caused
by the presence of a nematode worm, Syngamus
trachealis, in the trachea.

gaps, cranial (gapz). Certain occasional con-
genital fissures of the skull.

garantose (gar'-an-tos). Saccharin.

garbage (gar'-baj). The refuse materials of
kitchen-cookery, etc. g.-furnace, a furnace in use
in cities and towns to consume the waste material
of the place.

garbled (gar'-bld) [OF., garbeler, to inspect closely].
Applied to crude drugs which have been separated
from worthless material and made ready for market.

Garcinia (gar-sin'-e-ah) [Laurent Garcin, French
botanist, 1752- ]. A genus of guttiferous trees
of old-world tropical regions . G. hanburii, G. mor ella,
G. pictoria, and G. travancorica afford gamboge. G.
mangostana yields the palatable fruit called mango-
steen.

gardenin (gar-de'-nin). A compound, C23H30O10,
obtained from Gardenia lucida.

Gardiner-Brown's test. In labyrinthine disease
the patient ceases to hear the sound of a tuning-fork
placed upon the vertex from half a second to several
seconds before the examiner ceases to feel its vibra-
tions.

Garel's sign, Garel-Burger's sign (gar-el') [Jean
Garel, French physician, 1852- ]. Luminous
perception by the eye of the sound side only when
an electric light is placed in the buccal cavity; it is
observed in empyema of the antrum of Highmore.

gargarism, gargarisma (gar'-gar-izm, gar-gar-iz'-
mah) [yapyapiafios, a gargling: pi., gargarismata].
A gargle or throat wash.

garget (gar'-gel) [ME., gargat, the throat]. 1. A
swelling of the throat in swine or cattle. 2. A
knotty condition of the udder in cows, attended
with inflammation. Syn., mammitis; weed.

gargle (gar'-gl) [OF., gargouiller, to gargle]. 1. A
solution for rinsing the pharynx and nasopharynx.
2. To rinse the pharynx and nasopharynx.

Garland's S-curve (gar' -land) [George Minot
Garland, American physician, 1848- ]. See
Ellis' sign.

garlic (gar'-lik). See allium.

garofen (gar'-o-fen). A vegetable analgesic and
antipyretic intended as a substitute for morphine
and acetanilide.

Garrod's test for hematoporphyrin in the urine
(gar'-od) [Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, English physician,
1819-1907.] Add to 100 Cc. of urine 20 Cc. of a.

GARROT

383

GASTRITIS

io % solution of caustic soda and filter. To the
filtrate, thoroughly washed in water, add absolute
alcohol and enough hydrochloric acid to dissolve
perfectly the precipitate. Spectroscopic examina-
tion may now be made of the solution for the two
absorption bands characteristic of hematoporphyrin.
G.'s test for uric acid in the blood, to 30 Cc. of
serum add 0.5 Cc. of acetic acid, and immerse a fine
thread. The thread becomes incrusted with uric-
acid crystals. This is obtained especially in gout,
but also in leukemia and chlorosis.

garrot (gar'-ot) [Ft., garroter, to bind]. An instru-
ment for compression of an artery by twisting a
circular bandage about the part.

garroting (gar-ot'-ing) [Sp., garrote, strangulation
by means of an iron collar]. In forensic medicine,
a term used in England to signify the forcible com-
pression of a victim's neck by robbers or other
criminals.

garrulitas vulvae (gar-oo'-li-tas vul'-vee) [L.]. The
noisy expulsion of gas from the vagina.

garrulity (gar-oo'-lit-e) [garrire, to prattle]. Talk-
ativeness, g. of the vulva. See garrulitas vulv<z.

Gartner's canal, G.'s duct {gart'-ner) [Herman
Treschow Gartner, Danish anatomist, 1785-1827].
A tube extending from the broad ligament to the
walls of the uterus and vagina during intrauterine
life; it is a vestige of the main portion of the Wolffian
duct. G.'s cyst. A cystic tumor developed from
Gartner's duct.

gas [a word coined by the Belgian chemist, van
Helmont; it was suggested by xa-os, chaos]. An
air like fluid. The word is especially applied to those
fluids that, under normal conditions, are aeriform;
while those that can be readily condensed to liquids
are termed vapors, g., Clayton's, sulphurous acid
gas generated by means of the Clayton furnace, for
disinfection and for destroying rats and other vermin.
g.-eye, a peculiar disease prevalent among the
employes of the gas pumping stations in the natural
gas regions of the United States. The eyes are
inflamed, tender, and sensitive to light, g., laughing,
nitrous oxide, g., marsh-, methane, g., defiant,
ethylene, g., permanent, a term formerly applied
to those gases, as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, that
were thought to be nonliquefiable. g., phlogisticated,
nitrogen, g., sewer, the mixture of gases and
vapors which emanate from a sewer.

Gascoigne's ball (gas'-koyn). Pulverized oriental
bezoar formed into balls.

gaseous (gas'-e-us). Of the nature of a gas.

gaskaral-H (gas'-kar-al). A proprietary astringent
and diuretic remedy. Dose if-2 oz. (50-60 Cc.)
of the infusion (1 : 20). Syn., aghara.

Gaskell's bridge (gas'-kel) [Walter Holbrook
Gaskell, English physiologist, 1847-19 14]. The
atrioventricular bundle.

gasolene (gas'-o-len) [gas]. Canadol. A product
obtained from petroleum, boiling at 700 to 90 ° C;
specific gravity, .660 to .690, or 8o° to 750 B. It is
used in the extraction of oils from oil-seeds and in
carburetting coal-gas.

gasometer (gas-om'-et-ur) [gas; pkrpov, a measure].
A device for estimating the amount of gas present.

gasometric (gas-o-mei'-rik). Relating to the
measurement of gases.

gasometry (gas-om'-et-re). See analysis, gasometric.

gasp. To catch for breath. To breathe spas-
modically with open mouth.

gassed (gasd). Overcome by noxious gas, as by
chlorine.

gasserectomy (gas-er-ek'-to-me) [Gasserian ganglion ;
iKTonTi, excision]. Excision of the Gasserian ganglion.

Gasserian (gas-e'-re-an) [referring to Achilles
Pirminius Gasserius, German surgeon, 1 505-1 577].
G. artery. 1. A branch given off by the internal
carotid to the Gasserian ganglion. 2. A branch of
the middle meningeal artery to the Gasserian gan-
glion. G. fontanel. See fontanel, Casson's. G.
ganglion, the ganglion of the sensory root of- the
fifth cranial nerve. See ganglion, Gasserian.

gaster (gas'-ter) [yaarrip, stomach]. The stomach;
the abdomen.

gasteralgia (gas-ter-al'-je-ah) . See gastralgia.

gasterangiemphraxis (gas-ler-an-je-em-fraks'-is)
[gaster; hyyelov, vessel; ep.<ppa£t.s, obstruction].

1. Congestion of the stomachic blood-vessels.

2. Pyloric obstruction.

gasterasthenia (gas-ler-as-the'-ne-ah). See gas-
trasthenia.

gasterataxia (gas-ter-at-aks'-e-ah). See gastro-
ataxia.

gasterechema (gas-ter-ek-e'-mah) [gaster; vxv^o->
sound]. A sound heard in the auscultation of the
stomach.

gasteremphraxis (gas-ter-em-fraks'-is). 1. See
gasterangiemphraxis (2). 2. Overdistention of the
stomach.

gasterhysterotomy (gas-ter-his-ter-ot'-o-me). See
gastrohysterotomy.

gasteric (gas-ter'-ik) . Same as gastric.

gasterin {gas'-ter -in). A preparation of the gastric
juice of dogs; it is used as is pepsin.

gastero- (gas'-ter-o-) [gaster]. See gastro-.

Gastou's syndrome (gas-too). Anesthetic prurigo,
sometimes observed in cases of alcoholism.

gastradenitis (gas-trad-en-i'-lis) . See gaslroadenitis.

gastraemia (gas-tre'-me-ah). See gastremia.

gastral (gas'-tral) [gaster]. Pertaining to the gaster
or stomach; gastric.

gastralgia (gas-tral'-je-ah) [gastro-; a\yos, pain].
Paroxysmal pain in the stomach.

gastralgokenosis (gas-tral-go-ken-o'-sis) [gastro- ;
a\yos, pain; icevos, empty]. A sensory neurosis
due to emptiness of the stomach.

gastraneuria (gas-trah-nu'-re-ah) [gastro-; vevpov,
a nerve]. Impaired or defective action of the
nerves of the stomach.

gastraneurysma (gas-tra-nu-riz'-mah) . See gastrec-
tasis.

gastrasthenia (gas-lras-the'-ne-ah) [gastro-; as-
thenia]. Debility of the stomach.

gastratrophia (gas-tra-tro'-fe-ah) [gastro-; arpcxpla,
atrophy]. Atrophy of the stomach.

gastrectasis, gastrectasia (gas-trek' -tas-is, gas-trek-
ta'-ze-ah) [gastro-; iKTaais, a stretching out]. Dila-
tation of the stomach.

gastrectomy (gas-trek' -to-me) [gastro-; e/cro/^, a
cutting out]. Excision of the whole or a part of the
stomach.

gastrelcobrosis (gas-trel-ko-bro'-sis) [gastro-; cXkos,
ulcer; 0pwo is, an eating]. Ulceration of the stomach.

gastrelcoma (gas-trel-ko'-mah) [gastro- IXkos,
ulcer] A gastric ulcer.

gastrelcosis (gas-trel-ko'-sis) [see gastrelcoma].
Ulceration of the stomach.

gastremia (gas-tre'-me-ah) [gastro-; alp.a, blood].
Congestion of the coats of the stomach.

gastrenteralgia (gas-tren-ter-al'-je-ah) [gastro-;
evrepov, intestine; C1X70S, pain]. Neuralgia of the
stomach and bowels.

gastrenteromalacia (gas-tren-ter-o-mal-a'-se-ah)

[gastro-; ivrepov, intestine; p.a\a.Kla, softening].
Softening of the stomach and intestines (asserted by
some to be merely a post-mortem condition).

gastric (gas'-trik) [yaar^p, stomach]. Pertaining
to the stomach, g. artery. See under artery.
g. crisis, a severe paroxysmal attack of pain in the
stomach, accompanied by obstinate vomiting,
occurring in the course of locomotor ataxia, g. ferer,
acute gastritis, g. juice, the secretion of the glands
of the stomach. It is a clear, colorless liquid, having
an acid reaction and a specific gravity of 1002.5,
and containing 5 % of solid matter. A small
amount — 0.2 to 0.4 % — of hydrochloric acid and a
ferment called pepsin are the essential elements. It
digests proteids and precipitates the casein of milk,
g. juice, psychic, Pawlow's term for the gastric juice
caused to be secreted by simply showing food to
hungry animals, g. secretion, same as gastrin, q. v.

gastricism (gas'-lris-izm) [gaster]. 1. The theory
that ascribes most diseases to some gastric derange-
ment. 2. A gastric disorder.

gastrin (gas-trin) [gaster]. A hormone, made in
the pyloric glands of the stomach, and supposed to
excite secretion of the fundus cells.

gastritic (gas-trit'-ik) [gaster]. Pertaining to or
affected with gastritis.

gastritis (gas-tri'-tis) [gastro-; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the stomach. It may be acute or
chronic, catarrhal, suppurative or phlegmonous, or
diphtheritic, g., atrophic, a chronic form with atrophy
of the mucous membrane, g., croupous, g., diph-
theritic, g. membranacea, a rare form, characterized
by formation of a false membrane and necrotic
hyaline products upon the mucosa. It may occur
as an extension of pharyngeal diphtheria or secondary
to other infectious diseases, g., hypertrophic, the
early stage of chronic gastritis, in which there is a
hyperplasia of the mucous membrane, g., phleg-

GASTRO-

384

GASTROHYSTEROPEXY

monous, g., purulent, g. submucosa, g., suppurative,

acute interstitial suppurative inflammation of the
stomach-walls; it occurs as a circumscribed abscess
or as a diffuse purulent infiltration, g., polypous,
g. polyposa, a form of chronic gastritis characterized
by a great overgrowth of the connective tissue of the
organ, giving rise to polypoid projections of fibrous
tissue covered by epithelium, g., pseudomembran-
ous, a form in which patches of false membrane occur
in the stomach, g., toxic, g. venenata, acute gastric
inflammation due to the ingestion of poisonous or
corrosive substances.

gastro- (gas-tro-) [yao-rijp, stomach]. A. prefix
denoting relation to the stomach.

gastroadenitis (gas-tro-ad-en-i'-tis) [gastro-; &8rji>,
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
glands of the stomach.

gastroadynamic (gas-tro-ah-din-am'-ik) [gastro-;
&5vvap.os, without strength]. Marked by gastric
symptoms and prostration.

gastroanastomosis (gas-tro-an-as-to-mo'-sis) [gas-
tro-; anastomosis]. In hour-glass contraction, the
formation of a communication between the two
pouches of the stomach. Syn., gastr ogastr ostomy .

gastroataxia (gas-tro-ah-taks'-e-ah) [gastro-; ara^la,
disorder]. Disordered state of the functions of the
stomach; that state of the stomach-walls in which
some parts are hardened or thickened, while others
are softened or inflamed.

gastroataxic (gas-tro-ah-taks'-ik). Characterized
by gastric symptoms and ataxia.

gastr oatonia (gas-tro-at-o'-ne-ah). Atonic dyspepsia.

gastroblennorrhea (gas-tro-blen-or-e'-ah) . An ex-
cessive formation of mucus in the stomach.

gastrobrosis (gas-tro-bro'-sis) [gastro-; /Spwcns, a
gnawing]. Perforating ulcer of the stomach.

gastrocele (gas'-tro-sel) [gastro-; (07X??, hernia]. A
hernia of the stomach.

gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne'-me-us). See under
muscle.

gastrocolic (gas-tro-kol'-ik) [gastro-; k6\ov, the
colon]. Pertaining to the stomach and the colon.
g. omentum, the great omentum.

gastrocolitis (gas-tro-ko-li'-tis) [gastro-; k6\oi>, the
colon; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
stomach and colon.

gastrocoloptosis (gas-tro-kol-op-to'sis)[gastro-; k6\ov,
the colon; ptosis]. A prolapse or downward displace-
ment of the stomach and colon.

gastrocolostomy (gas-tro-ko-los'-to-me) [gastro- ;
koXov, the colon; arbp.a, mouth]. The formation of
a fistula between the stomach and colon.

gastrocolotomy (gas-tro-ko-lot'-o-me) [gastro-; koXov,
colon; Tkfxveiv, to cut], i. Gastrocolostomy. 2. In-
cision into stomach and colon.

gastrocolpotomy (gas-tro-kol-pot'-o-me) [gastro- ;
kSXttos, vagina; rkpweiv, to cut]. The operation of
cesarean section in which the opening is made through
the linea alba into the upper part of the vagina.

gastrocystis (gas-tro-sis'-tis) [gastro-; Kvans, blad-
der]. In biology, the single-layered blastodermic
vesicle of mammals.

gastrodialysis (gas-tro-di-al'-is-is) [gastro-; SiaXvcns,
a loosening]. A solution of continuity in the gastric
wall.

gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di'-af-an) [gastro-; Sla,
through; <f>aiveiv, to show]. An electric apparatus
for illuminating the interior of the stomach so that
its outlines can be seen through the abdominal wall.

gastrodiaphanoscopy (gas-tro-di-af-an-os'-ko-pe)
[gastro-; 8La, through; <f>aivet.v, to show; onoirelv,
to inspect]. The examination of the stomach by
means of the diaphanoscope; gastrodiaphany.

gastrodiaphany (gas-tro-di-af -an-e) [see gastro-
diaphane]. A method of exploration of the stomach
by means of an electric lamp.

gastrodidymus (gas-tro-did'-im-us) [gastro-; 8l8vp.os,
double]. A double monster with one abdominal
cavity.

Gastrodiscus hominis {gas-tro-dis' -kus hom'-in-is)
[gastro-; 8l<rnos, a disc; hominis, of man]. A rare
trematode worm; same as Amphistoma hominis.

gastroduodenal (gas-tro-du-od'-en-al) [gastro-; duo-
denum]. Pertaining to the stomach and thn duo-
denum.

gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-od-en-i'-tis) [gastro- ;
duodenum; i-m, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
stomach and duodenum.

gastroduodenostomy (gas-tro-du-od-en-os'-lo-me)
[gastro-; duodenum; arona, mouth]. The surgical

formation of a fistula between the stomach and
duodenum.

gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'-e-ah) [gastro-; 68vvV,
pain]. Pain in the stomach.

gastroectasis (gas-tro-ek'-tas-is). Same as gastr ec-
tasis.

gastroelytrotomy {gas-tro-el-it-rot'-o-nie). See gas-
trocolpotomy.

gastroenteralgia (gas-tro-en-ier-al'-je-ah) [gastro-;
evrepov, bowel; akyos, pain]. Pain in the stomach
and bowel.

gastroenteric (gas-tro-en-ter'-ik) [gastro-; evrepov,
bowel]. Pertaining to both stomach and bowel.

gastroenteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-i'-tis) [gastro-; tvrepov,
bowel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of stomach
and bowel.

gastroenteroanastomosis (gas-tro-en-ler-o-an-as- to-
mo'-sis). Anastomosis between the intestine and the
stomach.

gastroenterocolitis (gas-tro-en-ter-o-kol-i'-tis) [gas-
tro-; tvrepov, bowel; ko\ov, colon; ins, inflammation].
Combined inflammation of the stomach, small
intestine, and colon.

gastroenterocolostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-o-ko-los' -to-
me). The formation of a passage between the
stomach, small intestine, and colon.

gastroenterology (gas-tro-en-ter-ol'-o-je) ' [gastro-;
evrepov, intestine; X670S, treatise]. The study of
the stomach and intestine and their diseases.

gastroenteropathy (gas-tro-en-ter-op'-ath-e) [gas-
tro-; evrepov, bowel; irados, disease]. Any disease
affecting the stomach and intestine.

gastroenteroplasty (gas-tro-en'-ter-o-plas-te) . Com-
bined gastroplasty and enteroplasty.

gastroenteroptosis (gas-tro-en-ter-op-to'-sis) [gastro-;
evrepov, bowel; irrGiavs, falling]. Prolapse of the
stomach and intestine.

gastroenterostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-os'-to-me) [gas-
tro-; evrepov, bowel; arop-a, mouth]. The formation
of a communication between the stomach and the
small intestine.

gastroenterotomy (gas-tro-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [gastro-;
evrepov, bowel; rkp.veiv, to cut]. Incision of the
intestine through the abdominal wall.

gastroepiploic (gas-tro-ep-ip-lo'-ik) [gastro-; eirl-
irXoov, caul]. Pertaining to the stomach and omen-
tum.

gastroesophageal (gas-tro-e-so-faj'-e-al) [gastro- ;
esophagus]. Pertaining to both the stomach and the
esophagus.

gastroesophagitis, gastro oesophagitis (gas-tro-e-sof-
aj-i'-tis). Combined inflammation of the stomach
and the esophagus.

gastrofaradization (gas-tro-far-ad-iz-a'-shun). The
application of faradism to the stomach.

gastrogalvanization (gas-tro-gal-van-iz-a'-shun) .

The application of galvanism to the stomach.

gastrogastrostomy (gas-tro-gas-tros'-to-me) . The
same as gastroanastomosis.

gastrograph (gas'-tro-graf) [gastro-; -ypa(j>eiv, to
write]. An apparatus for registering the peristaltic
movements of the stomach from the outside. Syn.,
gastrokinesograph.

gastrohelcoma (gas-tro-hel-ko'-mah). See gastr el-
coma.

gastrohelcosis (gas-tro-hel-ko'-sis). See gastr el-
cosis.

gastrohepatic (gas-tro-he-pat'-ik) [gastro-; rjirap, the
liver]. Relating to the stomach and liver.

gastrohepatitis (gas-iro-hep-at-i'-tis) [gastro-; hep-
atitis]. Gastritis and hepatitis occurring simul-
taneously.

gastrohyperneuria, gastrohypernervia (gas-tro-hi-
per-nii'-re-ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; vwep, over;
vevpov, a nerve]. Morbid activity of the nerves of
the stomach. Syn., gastryperneuria.

gastrohypertonic (gas-tro-hi-per-ton'-ik) [gastro- ;
v-n-ep, over; rbvos, tone]. Relating to morbid or
excessive tonicity or irritability of the stomach.

gastrohyponeuria, gastrohyponervia (gas-tro-hi-po-
nu'-re-ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; inro, under; vevpov, a
nerve]. Defective activity of the nerves of the
stomach. Syn., gastryponeuria.

gastrohysterectomy (gas-tro-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [gas-
tro-; hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus through
the abdominal wall.

gastrohysteropexy (gas-tro-his'-ter-o-peks-e) [gas-
tro-; vo-repa, the uterus; 7r^is, a fastening]. Ab-
dominal fixatio a of the uterus by a surgical opera-
tion.

GASTROHYSTERORRHAPHY

385

GASTROTRACHELOTOMY

gastrohysterorrhaphy (gas-tro-his-ter-or'-af-e). See
hysteropexy.

gastrohysterotomy (gas-tro-his-ter-ot'-o-me) [gas-
tro-; ixrrkpa, the uterus; rkptveiv, to. cut]. Incision
of the uterus through the abdominal wall, usually
for the purpose of removing a fetus; cesarean section.

gastroid (gas'-troid) [gastro-; eUos, likeness].
Like a stomach.

gastrointestinal {gas-tro-in-tes'-tin-al). See gastro-
enteric.

gastrojejunostomy (gas-tro-jej-u-nos'-to-me) [gas-
tro-; jejunum; vrofia, mouth]. The formation of a
passage from the stomach to the jejunum.

gastrokinesograph, gastrokynesograph (gas-tro-
kin-es' -o-graf) . See gastrograph.

gastrolavage (gas-tro-lav-ahzh') [gastro-; lavage].
Washing out of the stomach.

gastrolienal {gas-tro-W -en-al) . See gastrosplenic.

gastrolith (gas'-tro-lith) [gastro-; \idos, a stone].
A calcareous formation in the stomach.

gastrolithiasis (gas-tro-lith-i'-as-is) [gastrolith]. A
morbid condition associated with the formation of
gastroliths.

gastrologist (gas-trol'-o-jist) [see gastrology]. A
specialist in gastric disorders.

gastrology (gas-trol'-o-je) [gastro-; XSyos, science],
i. A treatise on the stomach. 2. The sum of
knowledge regarding the stomach and its diseases.

gastrolysis (gas-trol'-is-is) [gastro-; Xwris, a loosen-
ing]. The breaking-up of adhesions between the
stomach and adjacent organs.

gastromalacia (gas-tro-mal-a'-she-ah) [gastro- ;
fiaXaida, softening]. An abnormal softening of the
walls of the stomach.

gastromalacosis, gastromalaxia (gas-tro-mal-ak-o' -
sis, gas-tro-mal-aks' -e-ah) . See gastromalacia.

gastromegaly (gas-tro-meg'-al-e) [gastro-; fieydXri,
large]. Abnormal enlargement of the stomach.

gastromelus (gas-trom'-el-us) [gastro-; fikXos, a
limb]. A monster with accessory limbs attached to
the abdomen.

gastromenia (gas-tro-me'-ne-ah) [gastro-; pltjv,
month]. Vicarious menstruation by the stomach.

gastrometritis (gas-tro-me-tri'-tis) [gastro- ; metritis].
Gastritis concurrent with metritis.

gastrometrotomy (gas-tro-met-rot' -o-me) . See lap-
arohysterotomy.

gastromucous (gas-tro-mu'-kus) . Characterized by,
gastric disturbance -and abnormal secretion of mucus.

gastromycosis (gas-tro-mi-ko'-sis) [gastro-; pOkijs
fungus]. Gastric disease due to invasion of fungi.

gastromyeloma (gas-tro-mi-e-lo'-mah) [gastro-; my-
eloma]. A medullary sarcoma of the stomach.

gastromyxin {gas-tro-miks'-in). A proprietary
preparation of pepsin.

gastromyxorrhea (gas-tro-miks-or-e'-ah) [gastro- ;
nv£a, mucus; pola, flow]. Excessive secretion of
mucus by the stomach.

gastronephritis (gas-tro-nef-ri'-tis). Simultaneous
inflammation of the stomach and kidneys.

gastronesteostomy {gas-tro-nes-te-os' -to-me) . See
gastrojejunostomy.

gastroneuria, gastronervia {gas-tro-nu'-re-ah, -ner'-
ve-ah) [gastro-; veiipov, nerve]. The action of the
nerves of the stomach.

gastro-omental (gas-tro-o-men'-tal). See gastro-
epiploic.

gastropancreatic (gas-tro-pan-kre-at'-ik). Both

gastric and pancreatic.

gastropancreatitis (gas-tro-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). Simul-
taneous inflammation of the stomach and pancreas.

gastroparalysis (gas-tro-par-al'-is-is) [gastro-; par-
alysis]. Paralysis of the stomach.

gastroparietal (gas-tro-pa-ri'-et-al) [gastro-; pari-
etal]. 1. Relating to the stomach-wall. 2. Relating
to the stomach and the abdominal wall.

gastropathy (gas-trop'-ath-e) [gastro-; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Any disease or disorder of the stomach.

gastroperiodynia (gas-tro-per-e-o-din'-e-ah) [gas-
tro-; 7T€pto5os, period; bbvvi), pain]. Periodic gastralgia.

gastroperitonitis (.gas-tro-per-il-on-i'-tis). Simul-
taneous inflammation of the stomach and peritoneum.

gastropexis, gastropexy (gas-tro-peks'-is, gas'-tro-
peks-e) [gastro-; vrfcis, a fixing]. The fixation of a
displaced stomach in its normal position by suturing
it to the abdominal wall.

gastrophore (gas'-tro-for) [gastro-; <j>opos, bearing].
An appliance for fixing the stomach during operations
upon that organ.

gastrophrenic (gas-lro-fren'-ik) [gastro-; 4>pr\v,
14

diaphragm]. Relating to the stomach and dia-
phragm.

gastroplasty {gas-tro-plas'-te) [gastro-; TrXdavnv,
to form]. Plastic operation on the stomach.

gastroplegia (gas-tro- pie' -j e-ah) [gastro-; -trX-nyr),
stroke]. Paralysis of the stomach.

gastroplicatiou (gas-tro-pli-ka'-shun) [gastro-; pli-
care, to fold]. An operation for relief of chronic
dilation of the stomach, consisting in suturing a large
horizontal fold in the stomach-wall.

gastropneumonic (gas-tro-nu-mon'-ik). 1. Per-
taining to the stomach and the lungs. 2. See
pneumogastric.

gastroptosia, gastroptosis (gas-trop-to'-ze-ah, gas-
trop-to'-sis) [gastro-; ptosis]. A prolapse or down-
ward displacement of the stomach.

gastroptyxis, gastroptyxy (gas-trop-tiks'-is, gas'-
irop-tiks-e) [gastro-; irr^is, a folding]. In gastric
dilatation, an operation to reduce the size of the
stomach.

gastropulmonary (gas-tro-pul'-mon-a-re). See pneu-
mogastric.

gastropylorectomy (gas-tro-pi-lor-ek' -to-me) [gas-
tro-; pylorus; kKrop.i\, excision]. Excision of the
pyloric portion of the stomach.

gastropyloric (gas-tro-pi-lor'-ik). Relating to the
stomach and the pylorus.

gastrorrhagia (gas-tro-ra'-je-ah) [gastro-; prjypwai,
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the stomach.

gastrorrhaphy (gas-tror'-a-je) [gastro-; paQ-q, su-
ture]. 1. Suture of a wound of the stomach or
abdominal wall. 2. See gastroplication.

gastrorrhea (gas-tror-e'-ah) [gastro-; pola, a flow].
Excessive secretion of gastric mucus or of gastric
juice.

gastrorrhexis (gas-tror-eks'-is) [gastro-; prj£is, a
breaking]. Rupture of the stomach.

gastrosan (gas'-tro-san) . Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing bismuth disalicylate.

gastroschisis (gas-tros' -kis-is) [gastro-; <rxtVis,
cleft]. A congenital malformation in which the
abdomen remains open.

gastroscope (gas'-tro-skop) [gastro-; o-Koirelv, to
see]. An instrument for examining the interior of
the stomach.

gastroscopy (gas-tros'-ko-pe) [see gastroscope]. The
inspection of the interior of the stomach by means
of the gastroscope.

gastrosia (gas-tro' -ze-ah). See gastroxia.

gastrosis (gas-tro' -sis) [gastro-; vbaos, disease:
pi., gastroses], A general term for any disease of the
abdomen or of the stomach only.

gastrospasm (gas'-tro-spazm). A spasm of the
stomach.

gastrosplenic (gas-tro-splen'-ik) [gastro-; spleen].
Relating to the stomach and the spleen.

gastrostaxis (gas-tro-staks'-is) [gastro-; ara^is, an
oozing]. The oozing of blood from the mucous
membrane of the stomach.

gastrostegous (gas-tros'-te-gus) [gastro-; arkyos, a
roof]. Covering the stomach.

gastrostenosis (gas-tro-ste-no'-sis) [gastro-; stenosis].
A narrowing or stricture of the stomach.

gastrostomize {gas-tros' -to-miz) . To perform
gastrostomy upon- to make a gastric fistula.

gastrostomosis (gas-tros-to-mo'-sis). Same as
gastrostomy.

gastrostomy (gas-tros' -to-me) [gastro-; aT6p.a,
mouth]. The establishing of a fistulous opening
into the stomach.

gastrosuccorrhea, gastrosuccorrhoea (gas-tro-suk-
or-e'-ah) [gastro-; succus, juice; poLa, a flow]. Hyper-
secretion of the gastric juice, Reichmann's disease.
gastrosuccorrhoea mucosa, an excessive secretion of
mucus by the gastric mucosa.

gastrothoracic (gas-tro-tho-ras'-ik). Pertaining both
to the abdomen and the thorax.

gastrothoracodidymus (gas-tro-tho-rak-o-did'-im-
us) [gastro-; thorax; SiSvpins, a twin]. A double
monster united at the thorax and abdomen.

gastrotome (gas'-tro-tom) [gastro-; tow, a cutting].
A cutting instrument used in gastrotomy.

gastrotomy {gas-trot' -o-me) [see gastrotome]. In-
cision of the abdomen or the stomach.

gastrotoxin (gas-tro-toks' -in) [gastro-; toxin]. A
cytotoxin which has a specific action on the cells
lining the stomach.

gastrotrachelotomy (gas-tro-tra-kel-ot'-o-me) [gas-
tro-; rpdxvXos, neck; rkpveiv, to cut]. An operation
differing from cesarean section only in that the

GASTROTUBOTOM Y .

386

GELLE'S TEST

uterus is opened by a transverse incision of the cervix.

gastrotubotomy (gas-lro-iu-bot'-o-me). See laparo-
salpingotomy.

gastrotympanites (gas-tro-tim-pan-i'-tez). Gaseous
distention of the stomach.

gastroxia, gastroxynsis (gas-troks'-e-ah, gas-troks-
in'-sis) [gastro-; 6£6s, acid]. Excessive, secretion of
hydrochloric acid by the stomach, a condition that
characterizes a form of dyspepsia, g. fungosa, that
in which the organic acids are due to mold-vegetation
in the stomach.

gastrozymase (gas-tro-zi-mds) [gastro-; zymase].
The gastric juice of the pig, obtained from the living
animal and carefully dried.

gastrula (gas'-troo-lah) [yacrTTjp, stomach]. The
embryo at that stage of its development when it
consists of two cellular layers formed by the invagi-
nation of the blastula-

gastrulation (gas-troo-la'-shun) [gastrula]. The
process of formation of the gastrula by the invagina-
tion of the blastula.

gastrypalgia (gas-trip-aV -je-ah) [70.0-7-170, stomach;
biro, under; a\yos, pain]. Slight gastralgia.

gastrypectasia, gastrypectasis (gas-trip-ek-ta'-ze-ah,
-ek'-ta-sis) [yaarijp, stomach; virb, under; l/crewm, a
stretching]. Slight distention of the stomach.

gastryperneuria (gas-trip-er-nu'-re-ah). See gastro-
hyperneuria. ■

gastryperpathia (gas-trip-er-path'-e-ah) [gastro-;
birkp, over; it ados, a disease]. Any severe disease of
the stomach.

gastryponeuria (gas-trip-o-nu'-re-ah). See gastro-
hyponeuria.

gathering. A collection of pus beneath the surface.

gatism (gah'-tizm) [Fr., gatisme, incontinence of
feces]. Rectal or vesical incontinence.

Gaucher's disease (go-sha'). An affection de-
scribed by Gaucher as "primary epithelioma of the
spleen," but probably identical with splenic anemia.

gaultherase {gawl'-ther-as). An enzyme found in
the bark of Betula lenta, in the leaves and berries of
Gaultheria procumbens, in the root of Spiraea ulmaria,
and in several species of Polygala. It effects the
hydrolysis of gaultherin, forming methyl-salicylic
acid and glucose.

gaultheria {gawl-the'-re-ah). The plant, G. pro-
cumbens, the leaves of which yield a volatile oil.
g., oil of (oleum gaultheria, U. S. P.), contains oo %
of methyl salicylate, and is used in acute rheumatism
and as a local antiseptic. Dose 3-10 min. (0.2-
0.65 Cc). g., oil of, synthetic. See methyl salicylate.
g., spirit of (spiritus gaultheria, U. S. P.), consists of
oil of gaultheria, 5; alcohol, 95 parts. It is used
chiefly as a flavoring agent. Dose 10-20 min.
(0.65-1.3 Cc). Syn., teaberry; winter green.

gaultherin (gawl'-ther-in). 1. A glucoside obtained
from the bark of the black birch (Betula lenta),
which, by the action of alkali, is converted into an
oil almost identical with the volatile oil of winter-
green. 2. A sodium salt of methyl salicylate (arti-
ficial oil of wintergreen) in a nearly pure condition.

gaultherolin (gawl-ther' -ol-in). Methyl salicylate.

gaultheromenthol (gawl-ther -o-men'-thol) . Trade
name for a preparation containing chloroform lini-
ment and wintergreen oil.

gauntlet (gawnt'-let or gahnt'-let) [OF., gantelet,
dim. of gant, a glove]. A bandage that covers the
hand and fingers like a glove.

Gautier's test for carbon monoxide (go'-te-a).
Carbon monoxide has the power of decomposing iodic
anhydride and forming CO2, the iodine being liberated
and absorbed by copper. It is employed by Niclaux
to show normal presence of carbon monoxide in blood.

gauze (gawz) [so called because first imported from
Gaza in Syria]. A thin, open-meshed cloth used for
surgical dressings. When impregnated with anti-
septic substances, it is called antiseptic gauze, or,
according to the substance used, it is spoken of as
iodoform gauze, sublimate gauze, etc.

gavage (gav-ahzh) [Fr.]. The administration of
liquid nourishment through the stomach-tube.

Gavard's muscle (gav-ar') [Hyacinthe Gavard,
French anatomist, 1753-1802]. The oblique muscular
fibers of the walls of the stomach.

Gayet's disease (ga-ya) [Prudent Gayet, French
surgeon]. A rare and fatal form of narcolepsy
somewhat resembling the African sleeping-sickness.

Gay Lussac's law (ga lu-sak') [Louis Joseph Gay
Lussac, French chemist, 1778-1850]. Same as
Charles' law q. v.

Gd. Chemical symbol of gadolinium.

Ge. Chemical symbol of germanium.

Geber's glomerules (ga'-ber glom'-er-ul). The
convolutions of the terminal branches of the nerves
supplying the epithelial lining of the mouth,

(von) Gebhart's test for glucose. To 10 or 15
drop^ of urine add 10 Cc. of water , and a tablet
containing sodium carbonate and orthonitrophenyl-
propionic acid; warm carefully for 2 or 4 minutes,
and if sugar is present, the mixture becomes greenish
and then dark indigo-blue.

Gegenbauer's cells (ga'-gen-bow-er) [Carl Gegen-
bauer, German anatomist, 1826-1903]. Osteoblasts.

Geigelte reflex (gi'-gel) [Richard Geigel, German
physician, 1859- ]. The inguinal reflex in the
female, corresponding to the cremasteric reflex in
the male.

geisoma, geison (gi-so'-mah, gi'-son) [yelaov, any-
thing projecting]. The superciliary ridge of the
frontal bone.

Geissler's tube (gis'-ler) [Heinrich Geissler, German
physicist, 1814-1879]- A glass tube having a piece
of platinum wire sealed into it at each end.,

geissospermine or geissine (gi-so-sper'-min, or
gi'-sin), C19H24N2O2+H2O. An alkaloid frOm the
bark of Geissospermum Iceve; it is a depressant of the
respiration and of the cardiac action,

gel (jel). Graham's name for a colloid which is
firm in consistence.

gelante, gelanthum (jel-an'-te, jel-an'-thum). A
mixture of gelatin, tragacanth, rose-water, and
thymol recommended as an ointment-vehicle.

gelasin (jel'-as-in). A preparation of agar-agar.

gelasma, gelasmus (jel-az'-mah, jel-az'-mus) [717X00--
ixa, laughter, or gelasmus]. Insane or excessive or
hysterical laughter.

gelatification (jel-at-if-ik-a'-shun). 1. The pro-
duction of gelatin. 2. See gelification.

gelatin (jel'-at-in) [gelare, to congeal]. An albumi-
noid substance of jelly-like consistence, obtained by
boiling connective tissue in water, g., bone-, the
gelatin extracted from osseous tissue, g. capsules,
capsules of gelatin designed for containing medicines
of nauseating taste, g. culture, a culture-medium for
bacteria containing from 8 to 15 % of gelatin, in
order to give it a solid consistence, g. disc, a disc of
medicated gelatin used in ophthalmology, g.,
glycerinated (gelatinum glycerinatum, U. S. P.), a
preparation of gelatin, glycerol, and water. Used
as a vehicle for suppositories and bougies. vSyn.,
glycerin- jelly, g., medicated, gelatin discs or lamellae
mixed with medicated substances. The gelatin
lamella? of the British Pharmacopeia contain traces
of alkaloids, for introduction into the conjunctival
sac. They are dissolved by the tears, and the
effects of the alkaloids are thus obtained, g. pep-
tone, a substance produced by digesting gelatin.
g. sugar. See glycocoll.

gelatination (jel-at-in-a'-shun). See gelification.

gelatiniferous (jel-at-in-if'-er-us) [gelatin; ferre, to
bear]. Producing gelatin.

gelatiniform (jel-at-in'-if-orm) [gelatin; forma,
form]. Resembling gelatin, g. degeneration, waxy
or lardaceous degeneration.

gelatinize (jel-al'-in-iz) [gelatin]. To convert
into a jelly-like mass.

gelatinoid (jel-al'-in-oid) [gelatin; elSos, likeness].
1. Resembling gelatin. 2. Any member of a class of
nitrogenous substances, including chondrin, collagen,
elastin, gelatin, etc.

gelatinosa (jel-at-in-o'-sah). Wilder's term for the
substantia gelatinosa.

gelatinous (jel-at'-in-us) [gelatin]. Resembling or
having the nature of gelatin.

gelatio (jel-a'-she-o) [L.]. Synonym of frostbite.

gelation (jel-a'- shun) [gelatio, a freezing]. 1. Freez-
ing; also frost-bite, or chilblain. 2. Catalepsy.

gelatol (jel'-at-ol). An ointment-base consisting
of a mixture of oil, glycerol, gelatin, and water.

gelatose (jel'-a-tos). A product of the action of
gastric juice on gelatin. It is capable of osmosis.*
g. silver. See albargin.

geld. To castrate.

gelding (gel'-ding). 1. Castration. 2. A castrated
person or animal.

gelid (jel'-id) [gelidus, cold]. Ice-cold.

gelification (jel-if-i-ka'-shun). Gelatinization; the
conversion of a substance into a jelly-like mass.
Syn., gelatination.

Gelle's test (zjel-a') [Marie Ernest Gelle, French

GELOSE

387

GENITAL

aurist, 1834- ]. 1. The vibrations of a tuning-
fork placed in contact with a rubber tube, the nozzle
of which is inserted into the meatus, are distinctly
perceived when the air is compressed by pressure
upon the bulb attached to the tube. This does not
occur when the chain of ossicles is diseased. 2. The
air in the external auditory canal is compressed and a
vibrating tuning-fork placed upon the vertex of the
skull. In the normal ear the vibrations are dimin-
ished.

gelose {jel'-os) [gelare, to freeze]. 1. The gelatin-
izing principle of agar. 2. A culture medium for
bacteria.

gelosin (jel'-o-si7i). A mucilage from Japanese
alga.

gelotherapy (Jel-o-ther'-ap-e) [yekav, to laugh;
therapy). Treatment of disease by the induction of
laughter.

gelsemin (Jel'-sem-in) [gelsemium]. A resinoid
from the root of Gelsemium sempervirens; it is anti-
pyretic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and narcotic.
Dose f-i gr. (0.008-0.065 Gm.).

gelsemine (J el's em-en). A poisonous alkaloid,
C12H14XO2, from gelsemium; it is sometimes employed
locally in the eye for the production of mydriasis.

gelseminine (jel-sem'-in-eri). An alkaloid of
gelsemium. It is an amorphous yellowish-white,
bitter, very poisonous powder, soluble in ether and
chloroform, less so in alcohol and water. Dose gr.

gelsemism (jel'-sem-izm). Poisoning from the
use of Gelsemium sempervirens. In light cases it is
marked by dizziness, ptosis, and weakness of the
legs; in severe cases, by tremor, anesthesia, and
dyspnea.

gelsemium (jel-se'-me-um, jel-sem'-e-um) [gelse-
minum, jasmine]. Yellow jasmine. The root of
G. sempervirens, the properties of which are mainly
due to a bitter alkaloid, gelsemine, C12H14NO2, a
powerful motor depressant, antispasmodic, and dia-
phoretic. In toxic doses it produces diplopia,
extreme muscular weakness, and anesthesia, death
occurring from asphyxia. Gelsemium is used in
neuralgia, especially in migraine, in dysmenorrhea,
hysteria, chorea, delirium tremens, and in malarial
and typhoid fevers, g., fluidextract of (fiuidex-
tr actum gelsemii, U. S. P.)- Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-
0.3 Co), g., tincture of (tinctura gelsemii, U. S. P.).
Dose 5— is min. (0.3-0.9 Co).

gelsemiumism (Jel-sem'-e-um-izm). Habitual poi-
soning with gelsemium.

gelsemperin (jel-sem'-per-in). A preparation from
Gelsemium sempervirens. Dose f-i gr. (0.008-0.065
Gm.).

Gely's suture (zja-le) [Jules Aristide Gely, French
surgeon, 1806-1861]. An intestinal suture applied
by a thread with a needle at each end.

gemellary (Jem-el'-ar-e) [gemellus]. Relating to or
like twins.

gemelliparous (jem-el-ip'-ar-us) [gemellus; par ere,
to bring forth]. Bearing twins.

gemellus (Jem-el'-us) [dim. of geminus, a twin:
pi., gemelli]. Applied to one of two muscles, gemellus
superior and gemellus inferior; also to the gastrocne-
mius muscle, on account of its two heads of origin.
See muscles, table of.

gemina (jem'-in-ah) [L. , twins]. A name for the
corpora quadrigemina, or optic lobes. They consti-
tute the larger part of the mesoccelian roof.

geminate ijem' -in-ai) [geminus, a twin]. In pairs.

gemination (jem-in-a'-shun) [geminus, twin]. The
production of twins. The development of two teeth
in a single sac. See geminous teeth.

geminous {jem'-in-us) [geminus, a twin]. Same as
geminate, g. or connate teeth, twin-formation of
two teeth from the occurrence of a double dental
germ in a single sac, from which are developed two
teeth of the same class, when normally there should
be but one.

gemma (jem'ah) [L.]. A bud; a bulb or bulb-like
structure.

gemmation (jem-a'-shun) [gemmare, to put forth
buds]. Budding; a mode of reproduction seen in
low forms of animal and vegetable life, and charac-
terized by the formation of a small projection from
the parent-cell, which becomes constricted off and
forms an independent individual.

gemmule (jem'-ul) [gemmula, dim. of gemma, a
bud]. A small bud.

genal (je'-nal) [yews, the cheek]. Relating to the

cheek, g. line, a furrow on the cheek produced by
abdominal disease.

genera {jen'-er-ali) [L.]. Plural of genus.

general (jen'-er-al) [genus, race]. Common to a
class; distributed through many parts; diffuse,
g. anatomy, anatomy of the tissues in general, as
distinguished from special anatomy, that dealing
•with special organs, g. paralysis, g. paresis. See
paralysis, general, g. pathology. See pathology,
general.

generalize (jen'-er-al-iz). To make general, as a
disease.

generate (jen'-er-at) [generare, to beget]. To
beget; to produce of the same kind.

generatio asquivoca (jen-er-a'-she-o e-kwiv' -o-kah)
[L.]. See generation, spontaneous.

generation (jen-er-a'-shun) [generare, to beget].
1. The act of begetting offspring. 2. A period
extending from the birth of an individual to the birth
of his offspring, usually estimated at a third of a cen-
tury, g., alternate, the alternation of asexual with
sexual generation in the same species of animals or
plants, the offspring of one process differing from
that of the other, g., asexual, reproduction without
previous union of two sexual elements; reproduction
by fission or gemmation, g., organs of, those that
are functional in reproduction, g., sexual, repro-
duction by the union of a male and a female element.
g., spontaneous, the generation of living from non-
living matter.

generative (jen'-er-a-tiv) . Pertaining to generation.

generic (jen-er'-ik) [genus, a kind]. 1. Pertaining
to the same genus. 2. General.

genesial, genesiac (jen-e'-se-al, jen-e'-se-ak) [gene-
sis]. Pertaining to generation.

genesic, genetic (jen-e'-sik, jen-et'-ik) [genesis].
1. Pertaining to generation; producing. 2. A drug
acting on the genital apparatus. 3. A disease
affecting the genital organs, g. affinity, relationship
by direct descent.

genesiology (jen-e-se-ol'-o-je) [yevetns, reproduc-
tion; X670S, science]. The science of reproduction.

genesis {jen'-es-is) [ykveais, production]. Be-
getting; development; origin; formation; generation.

genetica (jen-et'-ik-ah). Agents affecting the
sexual organs.

geneticist (Jen-et'-is-ist) [genesis]. One specially
interested in genetics.

genetics {jen-et'-iks). The laws pertaining to
generation.

genetous (jen'-et-us) [genesis]. Congenital.

Genga's bandage {gen'-gah). A form of roller
bandage applied from below upward over a graduated
compress, to control hemorrhage from a limb.

Gengou's phenomenon or reaction (zjon-goo) [O.
Gengou, French bacteriologist]. Complement fix-
ation. _

genial {je'-ne-aT) [y&eiov, chin]. Pertaining to-
the chin. g. tubercles, four prominent tubercles on
the internal surface of the lower jaw.

genian (je'-ne-an) [gena; ykvtiov, chin]. Pertain-
ing to the chin.

geniculate, geniculated (jen-ik'-u-lat, -ed) [genicu-
lates, with bended knee]. Abruptly bent, g-
bodies, the corpora geniculata, two oblong, flattened
bodies, the external {pregeniculum) and the internal
(postgeniculum) geniculate bodies, on the posterior
inferior part of the optic thalamus, g. ganglion.
See ganglion, geniculate.

geniculum (jen-ik' -u-lum) [dim. of genu, knee].

1. A small angular structure. 2. A knot-like
structure. 3. One of the two eminences on the
latero-caudal aspect of the diencephal; the post-
geniculum is mesad and more distinct, and the pre-
geniculum, laterad and less distinct.

genio- (je-ne-o-) [ykveiov, chin]. A prefix denoting
connection with the chin.

geniohyoglossus muscle. See under muscle.

geniohyoid muscle. See under muscle.

genion {jc'-ne-on) [ykvtiov, chin]. 1. The chin.

2. In craniometry, the point at the apex of the lower
genial tubercle.

genioplasty (je'-ne-o-plas-te) [genio-; ir\a<r<reiv, to
form]. The operation of restoring the chin, or cheek.

genital {jen'-it-al) [genitalis, pertaining to genera-
tion; from gignere, to beget]. Pertaining to the
organs of generation or to reproduction, g. corpuscle.
See corpuscle, g. eminence, g. tubercle, an elevation
appearing about the sixth week of embryonic life,
in front of the cloaca, and from which the penis or

GENITALIA

388

GERDY

clitoris is developed, g. folds, the cutaneous folds
around the genital tubercle, g. furrow, a groove on
the under surface of the genital tubercle, g. spots,
nasal parts which show increased sensitiveness during
menstruation, g. tubercle, a fetal eminence giving
origin to the genitalia.

genitalia (jen-it-a'-le-ah) [genital]. The organs of
generation. In the male these consist of two testicles .
or seminal glands, with their excretory ducts, the
prostate, the penis, and the urethra. The female
genitalia include the vulva, the vagina, the ovaries,
the Fallopian tubes, and the uterus.

genitalist (jen'-it-al-ist) [genitalis, pertaining to
generation]. One who is a specialist in the treatment
of diseases and affections of the genital organs.

genitality (jen-it-al'-it-e) [genital]. Capacity for
taking part in generation.

genitals {j en-it' -als). The organs of generation.
See genitalia.

genito- {jen-it-o-) [genitalis, genital]. A prefix
denoting connection with or relation to the genital
organs.

genitocrural (jen-it-o-kru'-ral). See under nerve.

genitourinary (jen-it-o-u'-rin-a-re). Relating to
the genitalia and the urinary organs.

genius (je'-ne-us) [gignere, to beget]. Some
dominant, distinctive quality, g. epidemicus. i.
The predominant characteristic of an endemic or
epidemic disease (inflammatory, catarrhal, etc.).
2. The totality of conditions (atmospheric, super-
natural, etc.) which favor the prevalence of an
endemic or epidemic disease, g. morbi, the special
or predominant feature of a disease.

German's layer (jen-ah'-re) [Francisco Gennari,
Italian anatomist]. See Baillarger's layer.

genoblast (jen'-o-blast) [ykvos, sex; /3Xao-r6s,
germ], i. The nucleus of the impregnated ovum,
regarded as bisexual. 2. An ovum or spermatozoon.

genocatachresia (jen-o-kat-ak-re'-ze-ah) [ykvos, sex;
Karaxpvff is, misapplication]. Perversion of the
sexual instinct.

genometabole (Jen-o-me-tab'-o-le) [ykvos, sex;
/xera/3oXi7, change]. The modification of sexual
character that may follow the menopause.

genoplasty (jen'-o-plas-te) . See geny plasty.

Gentele's test for glucose. On the addition of a
glucose solution to a solution of potassium ferri-
cyanide rendered alkaline with caustic soda or potash
it is decolorized, with the formation of potassium
ferrocyanide on applying gentle heat. Uric acid
gives this same reaction.

gentian (jen'-she-an\ [gentiana, gentian]. The
common name for species of Gentiana. The gentian
of the U. S. P. is the dried rhizome and roots of
Gentiana lutea, containing a neutral bitter principle,
gentiopicrin, C20H30O12, and gentianin, or gentisin,
C14H10O5. There are several other species of gentian
(G. purpurea, G. catesbcei), very similar in action to
G. lutea. Gentian is an excellent tonic, simple bitter.
g., extract of (extr actum gentiana, U. S. P.). Dose
1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). g., fiuidextract of (fluid-
•extractum gentiana, U. S. P.). Dose 5-1 dr. (2-4 Cc).
;g., infusion of, compound. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (4-32
Cc). g-» tincture of, compound (tinctura gentiana
composita, U. S. P.). Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).
^.-violet, a basic aniline dye, staining tissues violet.

gentianin (jen'-she-an-in) . A crude bitter substance
from gentian; it is used as a tonic in dyspepsia, hys-
teria, etc Syn., crude gentianic acid; crude gentisin.

gentianophu, gentianophilous (jen'-shan-o-fil, jen-
shan-of'-il-us) [gentian; cpiXelv, to love]. Staining
readily with dyes of gentian-violet.

gentianose (jen'-she-an-os), C16H66O31. A crystal-
lizable polysaccharid obtained from gentian root.

gentiopicrin (jen-she-o-pik'-rin) [gentian; wucpos,
bitter]. A bitter, crystalline glucoside obtained
from gentian.

gentisin (jen'-tis-in) [gentiana, gentian], CuHioOs.
A coloring-matter contained in gentian-root; it
crystallizes in yellow needles.

genu (jen'-u) [L., "the knee": pi., genua]. 1. The
knee. 2 . Any structure bent like a knee, as the genu of
the corpus callosum or of the optic tract, g. extrorsum
out-knee; outward bowing of the knee; bowleg.
g. introrsum. Same as g. valgum, g. recurvatum,
the backward curvature of the knee-joint, g. val-
gum, inward curving of the knee; knock-knee; in-
knee. g. varum. Same as g. extrorsum.

genual (jen'-u-al) [genu, the knee]. Pertaining
to a knee or to a genu.

genuclast {jen'-u-klast) [genu; k\6.€lv, to break}.
An instrument for breaking adhesions of the knee-
joint.

genucubital (jen-u-ku'-bit-al) [genu; cubitus, elbow].
Relating to or supported by the knees and elbows.

genufacial (jen-u-fa'-shal) [genu, knee; facialis,
of the face]. Relating to the knees and face.

genuflex (jen-u-fleks') [genu, knee; flexus, bent].
Bent at, or like, the knee. Also, bent at any joint.

genupectoral (jen-u-pek'-to-ral) [genu; pectus,
breast]. 1. Relating to the knee and the chest.
2. Pertaining to the knee-chest posture — the patient
resting upon the knees and chest.

genus (jen'-us) [L.]. A species or collection of
species having in common characteristics differing
greatly from those of other species.

geny- (jen-e-) frews, jaw or cheek]. A prefix
denoting relation to the jaw or the cheek.

genyantralgia (jen-e-an-tral'-je-ah) [ykvvs, jaw;
avrpov, cave; 0X705, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the
antrum of Highmore.

genyantritis (jen-e-an-tri'-tis) [genyantrum; iris,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the genyantrum.

genyantrum (jen-e-an' -trum) [geny-, r| avrpov, cave].
The maxillary antrum or antrum of Highmore.

genycheiloplasty (jen-e-ki'-lo-plas-le) [geny-; x«iXos,
lip; ir\aa<reiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of both cheek
and lip. * .

genyplasty (jen'-e-plas-te) [geny-; ir\a<r<reiv, to
form]. An operation for restoring the cheek or the
jaw.

geode (je'-od). A lymph-space.

geoform (je'-o-form). A tasteless, odorless, non-
toxic compound of guaiacol and formaldehyde; it is
used as an antiseptic.

geographic tongue (je-o-graf-ik). An eruption
on the dorsum of the tongue, which becomes covered
with sinuous, maplike lines.

geolin (je'-o-lin) [yrj, earth; oleum, oil]. A trade
name for a petrolatum resembling vaselin.

geophagia (je-o-fa'-je-ah). See geophagism.

geophagism (je-of'-aj-izm) [yrj, earth; <payelv, to
eat]. The practice of eating earth or clay.

geophagist (je-off'-aj-ist) [yrj, earth; <f>ayeiv, to
eat]. A dirt-eater.

geophagous (je-off'-ag-us) [yrj, earth; <payeiv, to
eat]. Addicted to dirt-eating.

geophagy (je-off'-aj-e). See geophagism.

Georget's stupidity (jor-jel). Simple mental con-
fusion without hallucination or delusion.

geosote (je'-o-sot). See guaiacol valerate.

geotalose (je-o'-tal-os). A compound of creosote
with a mucocolloidal base.

geotropism {je-ot'-ro-pizm) [yrj, the earth; rpkireiv,
to turn]. In biology, the tendency of roots and
other parts to grow downward toward the earth.

geraniin (je-ra'-ne-in) [geranium], A precipitate
from the tincture of Cranesbill, Geranium maculatum.
It stimulates and contracts the caliber of the capillary
vessels of the mucous membranes, etc. Dose 1 to 3
grains.

geraniol {je-ra'-ne-oV), C10H17OH. A colorless,
highly refractive liquid with strong odor of roses,
separated from oil of Indian geranium, Andropogon
nardus. It is an isomeric! of borneol.

geranium (jer-a'-ne-um) [yepaviov, geranium].
The geranium of the U. S. P. is the. root of G. macu-
latum, crane's-bill root, the properties of which are
due to tannic and gallic acids. It is an astringent,
useful in diarrhea, etc g., fiuidextract of (fluid-
extractum geranii, U. S. P.). Dose k~i dr. (2-4 Cc).

geratic (jer-at'-ik) [yijpas, old age]. Relating to
old age.

geratology (jer-at-ol'-o-je) [yijpas, old age; \6yos, a
discourse]. 1. A department of biology treating of
the decadence and gradual extinction of a group of
organisms. 2. See gereology.

geriatrics (je-re-at'-riks) [yijpas, old age; iarpucr),
medical treatment]. The branch of medicine
dealing with the diseases of old age.

Gerdy, fibers of (zjer-de') [Pierre Nicolas Gerdy,
French surgeon, 1797-1856]. The superficial trans-
verse ligament of the fingers, a fibrous band bounding
the distal margin of the palm. G., fontanel of, an
abnormal or supernumerary fontanel existing between
the two parietal bones at the point at which the
sagittal suture ceases to be serrated and becomes
nearly rectilinear. G., ligament of, the suspensory
ligament of the axilla that extends along the lower
border of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

GEREOLOGY

389

GIBBER

beneath the skin surrounding the hollow of the axilla.
G., tubercle of, a more or less pronounced elevation
situated anteroexternally to the tubercle of the
tibia, to which it is joined by a short ridge; it serves
for the attachment of the tibialis anticus.

gereology, geraeology (jer-e-ol'-o-je) [yijpas, old
age; X670S, science]. The science of old age; the
structural changes and diseases incident to it, its
hygiene, etc.

Gerhardt's change of pitch (gar'-hart) [Carl Adolf
Christian Jacob Gerhardt, German physician, 1883-
1903]. The tympanitic sound heard over partly filled
cavities is of a lower pitch when the patient is sitting
than when he is lying down. G.'s disease. See eryth-
romelalgia. G.'s sign. 1. A systolic bruit heard be-
tween the mastoid process and spinal column in cases
of aneurysm of the vertebral artery. 2. Incomplete
filling of the external jugular vein on the affected side,
occasionally seen in thrombosis of the transverse sinus.
3. A band of dulness on percussion, superimposed
upon the normal precordial dulness, about 3 cm. in
width and extending toward the left clavicle; it is
observed in cases of the persistence of the ductus
arteriosus. 4. The absence of the movement of the
larynx in dyspnea due to aneurysm of the aorta. In
dyspnea from other causes the excursions of the
larynx are extensive.

Gerhardt's reaction for acetoacetic (diacetic) acid
in the urine {gar'-hart). A premonitory sign of
diabetic coma. Treatment with a solution of ferric
chloride causes a gray precipitate, which is removed
by filtration; on the further addition of the reagent
a deep, Bordeaux-red color is produced, which dis-
appears on adding a few drops of sulphuric acid.
G.'s test for urobilin, shake the urine with chloroform
to extract the urobilin; add to this chloroform extract
an iodine solution, and then a solution of caustic
potash; a green fluorescence will result.

Gerhardt-Semon's law (gar'-hart-se'mon) [C. A. C.
J. Gerhardt (see above); Sir Felix Semon, English
laryngologist, 1849- ]. Certain central or peri-
pheral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause
the vocal cord to assume a position midway between
adduction and abduction, the lesion of the nerve
being insufficient to destroy it and to provoke a
complete paralysis of the vocal cord (cadaveric
position).

Gerlach's network (ger'-lak) [Joseph von Gerlach,
German anatomist, 1820-1896]. The interlacing of
the dendritic processes of the ganglion-cells in the
gray matter of the spinal cord. The net-work is
only apparent, since the processes do not anastomose,
but are merely in contact or contiguity. G.'s tubal
tonsil, a mass of adenoid tissue in the lower part of
the Eustachian tube, particularly along its median
wall and about the pharyngeal orifice. G.'s valve,
a circular valve sometimes existing at the orifice of
the vermiform appendix in the cecum.

Gerlier's disease (zjer-le-a') [Felix Gerlier, Swiss
physician, 1840- ]. An endemic disease charac-
terized by vertigo, ptosis, paresis of the extremities,
and great depression. Syn., vertige paralysant.

germ (jerm) [germen, sprig; offshoot]. 1. An
ovum, a spore, seed, an undeveloped embryo. 2. A
microbe or bacterium, g.-area, the spot on an
ovum where the development of the embryo begins.
g.-cell, a cell resulting from a fecundated germinal
vesicle, g.-disease, any disease of microbic origin,
g.-epithelium, a thickening on the ventromesial
aspect of the Wolffian body, giving rise to the male
and female sexual elements, g.-force, plastic or
constructive force, g.-layer, any one of the layers
of a developing embryo, g.-plasm, the reproductive
or hereditary substance of living organisms, which is
passed on from the germ-cell in which an organism
originates in direct continuity to the germ-cells
of succeeding generations, g.-ridge. Same as g.-
epithelium. g. theory, the doctrine of the origin of
every organism from a germ or germ-plasm; also the
theory that certain diseases are due to the develop-
ment of microorganisms in the body.

German measles. See rubella.

germander (Jer-man'-der) [ME., germawnder].
A popular name for plants of the labiate genus
Teucrium.

germanium (Jer-man'-e-um). See elements, table of.

germicidal (jer-mis-i'-dal) [see germicide]. De-
stroying germs.

germicide (jer'-mis-id) [germ; ccedere, to kill].
An agent that destroys germs.

germiculture (jer'-me-kul-chur) [germ; cultura,
culture]. The artificial culture of bacteria.

germifuge (jer'-me-fuj) [germ; fugare, to banish].
1. Having the power of expelling germs. 2. An
agent that expels germs.

germiletum (jer-mil-e'-tum). An antiseptic said
to consist of a solution of borohydrofluoric and
borosalybenzoic acids, boroglycerol, and formalde-
hyde with potassium permanganate, menthol, thymol,
and aromatics.

germinal (jer'-min-al) [germ]. Pertaining to a
germ or to the development of a tissue or organ,
g. area. See germ-area. g. disc. See disc, germinal.
g. membrane, the blastoderm, g. spot, the nucleolus
of the ovule, g. vesicle, the blastodermic vesicle.

germination {jer-min-a' -shun) [germinatio, sprout-
ing; budding]. Development or sprouting of a seed
or spore.

germinative (jer'-min-at-iv). Pertaining to germi-
nation.

germol (jer'-mol). A bactericidal preparation
analogous to cresol.

germule (jer'-mul). An incipient germ.

gerocomia, or gerocomy (jer-o-ko'-me-ah, or jer-
ok'-o-me) [ykpwv, old man; Kopelv, to care for]. The
hygienic and medical care of old people.

gerocomium (jer-o-ko'-me-um) [yepuv, old man;
KOfieiv, to care for]. A home or institution for aged
people.

geroderma (je-ro-der'-mah) [y&puv, old man; Sepfia,
skin]. Dystrophy of the skin producing the wrinkled
appearance of old age.

gerodermia (jer-o-der'-me-ah). See geromorphism.

geromarasmus (jer-o-mar-az'-mus) [ykpuv, old man;
ixapaa/jLos, a wasting]. Emaciation and weakness
characteristic of extreme old age.

geromorphism (jer-o-mor'-fizm) [yfjpas, old age;
pop^rj, form]. The appearance of age in a young
person.

gerontic (jer-on'-tik) [yepovTiKos, belonging to an
old man]. Pertaining to old age.

gerontin (jer-on'-tin) , C5H4N2. A poisonous leuko-
maine from the hepatic cells of dogs.

gerontopia (jer-on-to'-pe-ah). See presbyopia.

gerontoxon (jer-on-toks'-on) [ykpuv, an old man;
to£ov, a bow]. The arcus senilis.

Gerota's capsule (jer-o'-tah). The fascia around
the kidney.

Gerrard's test for glucose. To a 5 % solution of
potassium cyanide add Fehling's solution until the
blue color just commences to disappear. On heating
this solution to boiling with one containing glucose,
no precipitation of cuprous oxide results, but the
solution will be more or less decolorized.

Gersuny's paraffin prosthesis. The replacement
of the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum by
paraffin. G.'s symptom, a peculiar sensation of
adhesion of the mucosa of the bowel to the fecal
mass while pressure is made with the tips of the
fingers in cases of coprostasis.

gestation (jes-ta'-shun) [gestare, to bear]. Preg-
nancy, g., abdominal, the form of extrauterine
gestation in which the product of conception is
developed in the abdominal cavity, g., double.
1. Twin pregnancy. 2. The coexistence of uterine
and extrauterine pregnancy, g., ectopic. Same as
g., extrauterine, g., extrauterine, pregnancy in
which the product of conception is not contained in
the uterine cavity. See pregnancy.

ghee, ghi [Hind.]. Butter clarified and liquefied
by slow boiling and used as a base for ointments and
as a dressing for wounds.

ghost-corpuscles (gost). See corpuscle, phantom.

Giacomini's band (yah-ko-me'-ne) [Carlo Giacomini,
Italian anatomist, 1840-1898]. A grayish band,
continuous with the gyrus dentatus, which passes
from the cleft between the hippocampal and uncinate
gyruses transversely over the latter and disappears on
its ventricular surface.

giant (ji'-ant) [7*70.5, giant]. A being or organism
abnormally large, g.-cell. See cell, giant-, g.-
finger. Synonym of macrodactyly.

giantism (ji'-ant-izm). See gigantism.

Gianuzzi, cells or crescents of (yan-oot'-se) [ — —
Gianuzzi, Italian anatomist]. Granular protoplasmic
cells found in mucous glands between the mucous
cells and the basement-membrane; they play an
important part in the functional activity of the
gland. They are also called demilune cells.

gibber (gib'-er) [gibbus, a hump]. A sac-like en-

GIBBON'S HYDROCELE

390

GLADIATE

largement. g. inferior thalami. See pulvinar. g.
ulnae, the olecranon.

Gibbon's hydrocele (gib'-un) [Quinton V. Gibbon,
American surgeon, 1813-1894]. Hydrocele with a
voluminous hernia.

gibbositas (gib-os'-it-as) [L.]. Gibbosity; the
condition of being a hunchback.

gibbosity (gib-os'-it-e) [gibbus]. The condition of
being humpbacked.

gibbous (gib'-us) [gitfbus]. Humpbacked. Swollen,
convex, protuberant, especially upon one side.

gibbus (gib'-us) [L.]. A hump.

Gibert's pityriasis (zhe-bair') [Camille Melchior
Gibert, French physician, 1797-1866]. Pityriasis
rosea.

Gibney's perispondylitis (gib'-ne per-e-spon-dil-V -
tis) [Virgil Pendleton Gibney, American orthopedist,
1847- ]. A painful condition of the muscles of
the spine.

Gibraltar fever. Synonym of Malta fever.

Gibson's bandage (gib'-sun) [Kasson C. Gibson,
American dentist]. A bandage for fracture of the
lower jaw.

gid (gid) [ME., gidie, dizzy]. Staggers in sheep, a
disease caused by a cystic worm in the brain, formerly
called Ccenurus cerebralis.

giddiness (gid'-e-nes) [ME., gidie, dizzy]. A sensa-
tion of whirling or unsteadiness of the body, usually
accompanied by more or less nausea.

Giemsa's stain (gem'-sah) [G. Giemsa, German
bacteriologist]. Azur II, eosin, 3 Gm.; azur II, 0.8
Gm.; glycerin, 250 Gm.; methylalcohol, 250 Gm.
This stain is used in the detection of Spirochceta
pallida.

Gierke's corpuscles (ger'-keh) [Hans Paul Bernhard
Gierke, German anatomist, 1847-1886]. Roundish,
colloid bodies, of a significance not yet determined,
sometimes found in the central nervous system ; they
appear to be identical with Hassall's corpuscles.
G.'s respiratory bundle. See Krause's respiratory tract.

Gifford's reflex (gif'-urd) [Harold Gifford, American
ophthalmologist, 1858- ]. Contraction of the
pupil, occurring when a strong effort is made to close
the lids, which are kept apart. G.'s sign, inability
to evert the upper eyelid in the early stages of
exophthalmic goiter.

gigantism (ji-gan'-tizm) [ylyas, giant]. Abnormal
overgrowth or excessive size of the whole or of part
of the body.

gigantoblast (ji-gan'-to-blast) [gigantism; /SXcurros,
a germ]. A large nucleated red blood-corpuscle.

gigantocyte (ji-gant'-o-sit) [gigantism; kvtos, cell].
A large nonnucleated red blood-corpuscle.

gigantosoma (ji-gan-to-so'-mah) [ylyas, giant;
<ra>na, body]. Gigantism.

gill (gil). One of the respiratory organs of such
animals as breathe the air that is mixed with water.
Cf. branchice.

gill (jil) [gillo, a flask]. One-fourth of a pint.

Gillenia (jil-e'-ne-ah) [Arnold Gill, German botan-
ist]. A genus of rosaceous herbs. G. stipulacea
(bowman's root; Indian physic) and G. trifoliata, of
North America, are safe and effective substitutes
for ipecac. Dose of fluidextract of G. trifoliata, as
expectorant, 3-8 min. (0.2-0.5 Cc); mild emetic,
20-30 min. (1.2-1.8 Cc).

gillenin (jil'-en-in) [see gillenia]. The active
principle of American ipecac. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.26-
0.4 Gm.).

Gilles de la Tourette's disease. See under Tourette.
G. de la T.'s sign. See under Tourette.

gilvor (jil'-vor) [gilvus, pale yellow]. The earthy
complexion accompanying certain forms of cachexia
and dyscrasia.

Gimbernat's ligament (gim'-ber-nat) [Antonio de
Gimbernat, Spanish surgeon, 1742-1790]. The tri-
angular portion of the aponeurosis of the external
oblique that is attached to the mesal end of Poupart's
ligament in front and to the iliopectineal line behind
and externally.

gin (jin) [OF., genevre, juniper]. Common grain-
spirit distilled and flavored with juniper-berries. It
is a stimulant and diuretic. Spiritus juniper i
compositus is its official substitute in the U. S. P.
g.-drinker's liver, the liver of atrophic cirrhosis due
to alcoholism.

gingament (Jin'-ja-menf). Trade name of a
stomachic; said to contain sodium bicarbonate,
ammonium bicarbonate, oil of peppermint, saccharin
and ginger.

ginger (jin'-jer). See zingiber.

gingerol (jin'-jer-ol). A pungent oil from zingiber.

gingiva (jin-ji'-vah) [L. : pi., gingiva]. The giim;
the vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the
teeth and covering the alveoli.

gingival (jin'-jiv-al) [gingiva]. Pertaining to the
gums. g. line, a line along the gums, seen in chronic
metallic poisoning, as the blue line of lead.

gingivalgia (jin-jiv-al'-je-ah) [gingiva, gum; &X70S,
pain]. Neuralgia of the gums.

gingivitis {jin-jiv-i'-tis) [gingiva; wis, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the gums; ulitis. g., ex-
pulsive, osteo-periostitis of a tooth, which is gradually
expelled from its socket.

ginglymoarthrodial (gin-gle-mo-ar-thro'-de-al) . Both
ginglymoid and arthrodial.

ginglymoid (ging'-glim-oid) [yiyy\vnos, a hinge;
eldos, likeness]. Resembling a hinge-joint.

ginglymus (gin'-glim-us). See diarthrosis.

ginseng (jin'-seng) [Chinese, jin-tsan, ginseng].
The root of several species of Panax or Aralia.
It has no other medicinal virtues than those of a
demulcent, but it has a wonderful reputation in
China, to which country most of it is exported.

Giovannini's disease (yo-vah-ne'-ne) [Sebastiano
Giovannini, Italian dermatologist]. A rare form of
nodular disease of the hair caused by a fungus.

giraffe (jir-af). See dengue.

Giraldes' "bonnet a poll" (zje-ral-daz) [Joachim
Albin Cardozo Cazado Giraldes, Portuguese surgeon,
1808-1875]. Widening of the cranium in the frontal
region in chronic hydrocephalus. G.'s organ, the
paradidymis, a small, tubular organ found at the
junction of the spermatic cord and epididymis. It is
a remnant of some of the lower Wolffian tubules, and
corresponds to the parovarium in the female.

Giraldesian organ. See Giraldes' organ.

Giraud-Teulon's law. Our binocular retinal
images are localized at the point of intersection of the
primary and secondary axes of projection.

girdle (gir'-dl) [AS., gyrdel, a waistband]. A band
designed to go around the body; a structure re-
sembling a circular belt or band. g. anesthesia,
an anesthetic ring around the body, g.-pain, a
sensation as if a girdle were drawn tightly around the
body, g., pelvic, the bones (the two ossa innominata)
forming the support for the lower limbs, g.-sensa-
tion. Same as g.-pain. g., shoulder-, the system of
bones supporting the upper limbs or arms; it consists
of the clavicles, scapulae, and thejmanubrium sterni.

girmir (gir'-mir) [Arab.]. Tartar of the teeth.

githagism (gith'-a-jism) [gith, a black-seeded plant;
agere, to carry]. The condition of chronic poisoning
produced in man and animals attributed to the seeds
of the corn-cockle (Lynchis githago), which often find
their way into cereal foods.

Giuffrida-Rugieri's stigma of degeneration (yoo-
fre'-dah-roo-je-er'-e) [Vincenzo Giuffrida-Rugieri, Ital-
ian anthropologist]. The absence or incompleteness
of the glenoid fossa.

gizzard (giz'-ard). The strong muscular stomach
of birds used for triturating the food. A proprietary
substance, ingluvin, prepared from it, has been used
in dyspepsia.

Gl. Chemical symbol of glucinum.

glabella, glabellum (gla-bel'-ah, -urn) [dim. of
glaber, smooth]. The smooth triangular space be-
tween the eyebrows, just above the root of the nose.

glabellad (gla-beV -ad) [dim. of glaber, smooth;
ad, to]. Toward the glabella.

glabellar (gla-bel'-ar) [dim. of glaber, smooth].
Pertaining to the glabella.

glabellen (gla-beV -en) . Belonging to the glabella
in itself.

glabrate (gla'-brat) [glabrare, to make smooth].
Becoming or tending to smoothness or baldness.

glabrification (gla-bri-fi-ka'-shun) [glaber, smooth;
facere, to make]. The process of becoming smooth,
glistening, and hairless.

glabrificin (gla-brif'-is-in). An antibody which
renders bacteria glabrous.

glabrous (gla'-brus) [glaber, smooth]. Smooth.
Destitute of hairs or down.

glacial (gla'-she-al) [glacies, ice]. Icy; resembling
ice in appearance, as glacial acetic or phosphoric acid.

glacialin (gla-she-a'-lin) [glacies, ice]. An anti-
septic substance used for the preservation of foods.
It consists of borax, boric acid, sugar, and glycerin.

gladiate (glad'-e-at) [gladius, a. sword]. Ensiform,
or sword-shaped.

GLADIOLINE

391

GLASS

gladioline (glad-i'-o-len) [gladiolus]. An alkaloid
in brain tissue.

gladiolus {glad-i'-o-lus) [dim. of gladius, a sword].
The middle or second piece of the sternum.

glair (glar) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. The
white of egg; any thin, viscous substance, as a mucous
discharge.

glairin {glar' -in) [OF., glair e, the white of egg;
from clarus, clear]. A peculiar organic, gelatinous
substance found on the surface of some thermal
waters. Syn., baregin.

glairy (glar'-e) [see glairin]. Slimy; viscous; mucoid.

glama (gla'-mah) [L.].. Lippitudo. An accumu-
lation of gummy or hard material at the inner canthus
of the eye; the material so accumulated.

gland [glans, an acorn], i. An organ which secretes
something essential to the system or excretes waste
materials the retention of which would be deleterious
to the body. The word is also applied to structures
which have no visible, or external secretion, as the
suprarenal capsules, the pineal gland, etc. In
structure glands may be tubular or racemose, simple
or compound. 2. The bulbous end of the penis and
clitoris, g.s, absorbent. See g.s, lymphatic, g.,
accessory thyroid, a small mass of gland-tissue con-
nected with the thyroid gland, g., acinous. See g.,
racemose, g., admaxillary, an accessory parotid or
salivary gland, g.s, aggregate. See Cowper's glands.
g.s, agminated. See Peyer's glands, g.s, axillary,
the lymph-glands situated in the axilla, g. of
Bartholin. See under Bartholin, g.s, blood-. See
g.s, hematopoietic, g.s, bronchial, the lymph-glands
of the root of the bronchi, g.s, Brunner's. See under
Brunner. g.s, bulbourethral. See Cowper's glands.
g.s, Cabelli's. See under Cabelli. g., carotid, a duct-
less gland at the bifurcation of the common carotid
artery, g.s, ceruminous, the glands secreting the
cerumen of the ear. g.s, cervical, the lymph-glands
of the neck, g.s, Clapton-Havers'. See Havers'
glands, g., coccygeal, a small vascular body at the
tip of the coccyx. Syn., Luschka's gland, g., com-
pound, one composed of a number of small pouches;
a gland the duct of which is branched, g., conglo-
Date. See g.s, lymphatic, g.s, Cowper's. See Cow-
per's glands, g., ductless, a gland without a duct,
as the suDrarenal capsule. g., duodenal. See
Brunner's g.s. g., Duverney's. See g. of Bartholin.
g., endocrinous, any gland which produces an internal
secretion, g.s, Fraenkel's. See under Fraenkel. g.s,
Gley's. g.s, parathyroid, g.s, Havers', g.s, Haversian.
See Havers' glands, g.s, hematopoietic, the socalled
glands that are supposed to take part in the formation
of the blood, as the spleen, thymus, suprarenal
capsules, etc. g.s, hemolymph, certain glands
occurring chiefly in the retroperitoneal region. They
are intermediate between the spleen and ordinary
lymph-glands. Their function is mainly hemolytic.
There are two types to which the names splenolymph
and manolymph or marrow-lymph are applied.
g., Huguier's. See g. of Bartholin, g.s, integu-
mentary, the sebaceous and sudoriparous glands,
g.s, intercapsular, a long, narrow, paired organ, found
in the human embryo, corresponding in position and
general appearance to the hibernating glands of the
lower animals, but from its inner lymphoid structure
it is supposed to be a hemolymph gland; no trace of
it persists to adult life, g.s, intestinal, solitary, the
isolated lymph-glands distributed through the
intestinal mucous membrane, g., lacrimal, a com-
pound racemose gland in the upper and outer portion
of the orbit, the function of which is to secrete the
tears, g.s of Lieberkuhn. See under Lieberkuhn.
g.s of Littre, g.s of Morgagni. See under Littre.
g., Luschka's. See Luschka's gland, g.s, lymphatic,
small oval masses of lymphatic tissue in the course
of lymphatic vessels. Their functions are to act as
niters to the blood, retaining foreign particles, and
also to form white corpuscles, g.s, mammary, the
glands that secrete milk, g., manolymph, g., marrow-
lymph, a variety of hemolymph gland, g.s, Manz'.
See Manz's glands, g.s, Meibomian, the minute
sebaceous follicles between the cartilage and con-
junctiva of the eyelids, g.s, Montgomery's. See
under Montgomery, g.s, muciparous, g.s, mucous,
the glands in mucous membranes secreting mucus.
g.s, parathyroid, small lymphatic glands lying near
the thyroid, but differing from it in histological struc-
ture and not accessory to it. Syn., Gley's glands;
Sandstroem's glands, g., parotid, a large salivary
gland situated in front of the ear. g.s, peptic. See

peptic glands, g.s, Peyer's.. See Peyer's glands.
g., pineal. See pineal gland, g., pituitary, a term
for the hypophysis of the brain, g., prostate. See
prostate gland, g.s, pyloric, the glands of the stomach
situated near the pylorus and secreting pepsin.
g., racemose, a gland composed of a number of acini
communicating with several excretory ducts, which
usually join to form a common duct, g., Rivini's.
See g.s, sublingual, g., salivary, a gland that secretes
saliva, g.s, Sandstroem's. See g.s, parathyroid.
g.s, SchUller's. See Skene's gland, g.s, sebaceous,
the glands in the corium of the skin, secreting sebum.
g., seminal, the testicle, g., serous, a secreting
gland, the cells of which are granular and spherical in
form, with central nuclei, and which secrete a thin,
watery fluid, g., simple, a gland having but one
secreting sac and a single tube, g., Skene's. See
Skene's gland, g.s, splenolymph, certain hemolymph
glands intermediate between the spleen and ordinary
lymph-glands, g.s, sublingual, the smallest of the
salivary glands, situated one on each side beneath the
tongue, g., submaxillary, a salivary gland situated
below the angle of the jaw. g.s, sudoriparous, g.s,
sweat, the convoluted glands in the skin that secrete
sweat, g., Suzanne's. See Suzanne's gland, g.,
thymus. See thymus, g., thyroid. See thyroid.
g., Tiedemann's. See Bartholin' s gland, g., tubular,
a gland having a tube-like structure, g., tubular,
compound, one composed of a number of small
tubules with a single duct, g., urethral. See Littre' s
gland, g., vaginal, one of the glands in the vaginal
mucous membrane, g., Virchow's. See Virchow's
gland. g., vulvovaginal. See Bartholin's gland.
g.s, Waldeyer's. See under Waldeyer. g.s, Was-
mann's. See ' under Wasmann. g.s, Willis'. See
under Willis.

glanderous (glan'-der-us) [glanders]. Affected
with glanders.

glanders (glan'-derz) [gland]. A contagious disease
of horses and asses, but communicable to man, and
due to the bacillus of glanders or Bacillus mallei.
It appears in two forms — as glanders proper, when
affecting the mucous membranes, and as farcy, when
limited to the skin and lymphatic glands. On
mucous membranes, especially the nasal, it manifests
itself as isolated nodules which coalesce and break
down into deep ulcers that involve the cartilages and
bones. It is apt to extend down to the lungs and
give rise to suppuration and pneumonic processes.
In man the disease usually runs an acute febrile course
typhoid in type, and terminates fatally. Farcy is
characterized by nodules (farcy-buds) in the skin and
lymphatic glands, which break down into irregular
chronic ulcers.

glandiform (glan' -de-form) [gland; forma, form
1. Acorn-shaped. 2. Adenoid.

glandilemma (glan-dil-em'-ah) [gland; Xkn/j.a, husk].
The capsule of a gland.

glandula, glandule (glan'-du-lah, glan'-dul) [L. .
1. A little gland. 2. Same as gland.

glandular (glan'-du-lar) [glandula]. Relating to
or of the nature of, a gland.

glandule (gland' -ul) [glandula, a gland]. A small
gland.

glandulen (glan'-du-len). A preparation of the
bronchial glands of sheep, used in the treatment of
tuberculosis. Dose 12-20 gr. (0.77-1.3 Gm.) 3 times
daily.

glanduliform (gland-du' -le-form) . Shaped like a
gland.

glandulin (gland' -ii-Un) [glandula, a gland]. Ex-
tract of gland-tissue.

glans (glanz) [L., "an acorn"]. 1. An acorn-shaped
body. 2. A gland, g. clitoridis, the rounded end
of the clitoris, analogous to the glans penis of the
male. g. penis, the conical body forming the head
of the penis.

glaseptic (glas-ep'-tik) [glass; aseptic]. Trade
name of sterilized solutions in glass ampoules for hypo-
dermic use.

Glaserian artery (gla-se'-re-an) [Johann Heinrich
Glaserius (or Glaser), Swiss anatomist, 1629-1675].
The tympanic artery. G. fissure, the glenoid or
petrotympanic fissure, which divides transversely
the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.

Glasgow's sign (glaz'-go). A systolic sound in the
brachial artery, heard in latent aneurysm of the aorta.

glass (glas) [AS., glees]. 1. A brittle, hard, trans-
parent substance, consisting usually of the fused
amorphous silicates of potassium and calcium, or

GLASSES

392

GLOBULICIDE

sodium and calcium, with an excess of silica. 2. Any
article made of glass, g., crown-, a very hard glass,
is a silicate of sodium and calcium, g., flint-, that
composed of lead and potassium silicates, g., soluble,
potassium or sodium silicate, used as a substitute for
plaster-of- Paris, g.-wool, white, silky threads ob-
tained by the action of a powerful blast on a falling
stream of molten glass; it is used in draining wounds
and in filtering strong acids and alkalies. Syn., slag-
wool.

glasses (glas'-es) [see glass]. The popular term for
spectacles or eye-glasses, g., bifocal, those that have
a different refracting power in the upper part from
that in the lower; the effect is usually produced by
the superposition of segment lenses, g., prismatic,
those formed of prisms; used in insufficiency and
paralysis of the ocular muscles.

glassy (glas'-e). 1. Having the appearance of
glass; vitreous; hyaline. 2. Expressionless.

Glauber's salt (glow'-ber) [Johann Rudolf Glauber,
German chemist, 1603-1668]. Sodium sulphate.

glaucedo (glaw-se'-do) [L.]. Glaucoma.

glaucoma (glaw-ko'-mah) [yXavKos, sea-green]. A
disease of the eye characterized by heightened intra-
ocular tension, resulting in hardness of the globe,
excavation of the papilla or optic disc, a restriction
of the field of vision, corneal anesthesia, colored halo
about lights, and lessening of visual power that may
proceed to blindness. The etiology is obscure, g.
absolutum, g. consummatum, the completed glauco-
matous process when the eyeball is exceedingly hard
and totally blind, g. acutum, the first or the renewed
attack, with the characteristic and inflammatory
symptoms, generally intermitting after a few days.
g., auricular, that associated with a great increase in
the intralabryinthine pressure, g. evolutum, the
second stage of glaucoma, g. fulminans, an acute
attack coming on with great suddenness and violence.
g. haemorrhagicum, that associated with retinal
hemorrhage. Syn., g. apoplecticum. g. malignum,
a grave form, attended with violent pain and rapidly
leading to blindness, g., secondary, that consequent
upon other ocular diseases, g. simplex, that form
without inflammatory symptoms.

glaucomatous (glaw-ko' -mat-us) [see glaucoma].
Affected with or pertaining to glaucoma.

glaucosis (glaw-ko'-sis) [glaucoma]. The blindness
resulting from glaucoma.

glaucosuria (glaw-ko-su'-re-aJt) [y\avic6s, sea-green;
ovpov, urine]. The presence of indican in the urine,
which is thereby discolored.

glaxo (glak'-so). A proprietary food for infants;
it is said to consist of pure desiccated milk, with
cream and lactose.

gleet (glet). The chronic stage of urethritis,
characterized by a slight mucopurulent discharge.

gleety (gle'-te) [gleet]. Resembling the discharge
of gleet.

Glenard's disease (gla-nar') [Franz Glenard,
French physician, 1819-1894]. Enteroptosis; ab-
dominal ptosis.

glenohumeral (gle-no-hu'-mer-al) [glenoid; hu-
merus]. Pertaining to the glenoid cavity and the
humerus, g. ligaments, three ligaments of the
capsule of the shoulder-joint.

glenoid (gle'-noid) [y\i)vr), a cavity; eI<5os, likeness].
Having a shallow cavity; resembling a shallow cavity
or socket, g. cavity, the depression in the scapula
for the reception of the head of the humerus, g.
fissure. See Glaserian fissure, g. fossa, a depression
in the temporal bone for articulation with the condyle
of the lower jaw.

Gley's glands (gla) [M. E. Gley, French physio-
logist]. The parathyroid glands.

glia (gli'-ah) [7X10, glue]. The neuroglia, g.-cells.
See Deiters' cells.

gliacoccus (gli-ah-kok'-us) [glia; coccus]. A micro-
coccus invested with a gelatinous envelope.

gliacyte (gli'-ah-sit) [glia; /euros, cell]. A neuroglia
cell.

gliadin, gliadine (gli'-ad-in) [glia]. A proteid
found in wheat-gluten.

glial (gli'-al). Pertaining to glia or neuroglia.

gliding movement (gli'-ding moov'-ment). The
most simple kind of movement that can take place
in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another,
without any angular or rotary movement.

gliobacteria (gli-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [glia; bacteria].
Bacteria in the zooglea stage, embedded in a gelati-
nous matrix.

gliococcus (gli-o-kok'-us) [glia; kokkos, a berry]
A micrococcus invested with a gelatinous envelop.

glioma {gli-o'-mah) [glia; 6p.a, a tumor]. A tumor
composed of neuroglia cells, and occurring in the
brain, spinal cord, retina, nerves, and suprarenal
capsules. In the brain it closely resembles the brain-
substance, but is usually more gelatinous and darker.
In the retina it is often combined with sarcoma
(gliosarcoma). It may also be combined with fibro-
ma, myxoma, and neuroma. The last combination
is known as neuroglioma ganglionar e.

gliomatosis (gli-o-mat-o'-sis) [glioma]. The de-
velopment of exuberant masses of glioma-like tissue
in the nerve-centers. It is seen in the spinal cord
in some cases of syringomyelia.

gliomatous (gli-o' -mat-us). Of the nature of, or
affected with, glioma.

gliomyoma (gli-o-mi-o'-mah). Glioma combined
with myoma.

gliomyxoma (gli-o-miks-o'-mah) . A glioma with a
mucoid degeneration.

glioneuroma (gli-o-nu-ro'-mah). See neuroglioma,
ganglionar.

gliosarcoma (gli-o-sar-ko'-mah) . A tumor having
the neuroglia cells of glioma and the fusiform cells
of sarcoma.

gliosis (gli-o'-sis) [glia; vbaos, disease]. A brain
disease marked by foci of sclerosed gray substance,
with the formation of lacunar spaces within the foci.
It differs from ordinary diffused sclerosis, g. cervi-
calis, syringomyelia.

glischrin (glis'-krin) [yXiVxpos, viscid]. Malerba's
name for a nitrogenous mucus formed in urine by
Bacterium gliscrogenum.

glischrobacterium (glis-kro-bak-te'-re-um) [y~Ki<rxpos,
viscid; bacterium]. The microorganism Bacterium
gliscrogenum, causing mucous degeneration of the
urine.

glischrogenous (glis-kroj'-en-us) [y\loxpos, viscid;
yewav, to produce]. Giving rise to viscidity.

glischruria (glis-kroo'-re-ah) [yXiaxpos, viscid;
ovpov, urine]. The presence of glischrin in the urine.

Glisson's capsule (glis'-un) [Francis Glisson,
English physician, 1507-1677]. The interlobular
connective tissue of the liver, enveloping the portal
vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic duct.

.Glissonian cirrhosis. Perihepatitis.

glissonitis (glis-on-i'-tis). Inflammation of Glis-
son's capsule.

globate (glo'-bat). Spheroidal; shaped like a globe.

globe of the eye (glob). The eyeball.

globin (glo'-bin) [globus], A proteid derived from
hemoglobin.

globinometer (glo-bin-om'-et-er) [globin; nerpov,
a measure]. An instrument devised with special
reference to the calculation of the percentage-amount
of oxyhemoglobin in a given amount of blood.

globomyeloma (glo-bo-mi-el-o'-mah) [globus; myel-
oma]. A round-celled sarcoma.

globose (glo-bos') [globosus, round as a ball].
Spherical in form, or nearly so.

globular (glob'-u-lar) [dim. of globus, a globe].
Having the shape of a globe or sphere.

globular value. The relative amount of hemo-
globin contained in a red corpuscle. It is a fraction
of which the numerator is the percentage of hemo-
globin and the denominator the percentage of cor-
puscle.

globularetin, globularrhetin (glob-u-lar' -e-tin) , C12-
H14O3. A decomposition-product of globularin by
the action of dilute acids. It is a powerful diuretic,
stimulates the secretion of bile, and in large doses
causes acute irritation of the intestine. It is used
with globularin in gout. Dose | gr. (0.038 Gm.).

globularin (glob-u-lar' -in), C30H44O14. A glucoside
from the leaves of Globularia alypum. Its action
upon the heart and nervous system is similar to that
of caffeine, while it diminishes the quantity and
specific gravity of the urine and its contained urates
and uric acid. It is used in connection with globula-
retin in gout, rheumatism, etc.

globule (glob'-ul) [dim. of globus]. A small spherical
particle, as a blood-corpuscle or lymph-corpuscle;
also a small pill or pellet, g.s, directing, g.s, direc-
tive, g.s, extrusion, g.s, polar. See bodies, direction.

globulicidal (glob-u-lis-i'-dal) [globule; ccedere, t6
kill]. Destructive to the blood-corpuscles.

globulicide (glob-u' -lis-ld) [globulus, a globule;
ccedere, to kill]. 1. Destructive of blood-cells. 2. An
agent that destroys blood-cells.

GLOBULIFEROUS

393

GLOSSOPLEGIA

globuliferous (glob-u-lif -er-us) [globule; ferre, to
bear]. Containing corpuscles, specifically red blood-
corpuscles.

globulimeter (glob-u-lim'-et-er) [globulus, a little
ball; fierpof, a measure]. An instrument for esti-
mating the corpuscular richness of blood.

globulin (glob'-u-liti) [globule], i. A general name
for various proteids comprising globulin, vitellin,
paraglobulin or serum-globulin, fibrinogen, myosin,
and globin, which differ from the albumins in not
being soluble in water, but soluble in dilute neutral
saline solutions. These solutions are coagulated by
heat and precipitated by a large amount of water.
2. Specifically, a proteid found in the crystalline lens.
See Hammarsten, Pohl.

globulinuria (glob-u-lin-u'-re-ah) [globulin; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of globulin in the urine.

globulism (glob' -u-lizm) [globulus, a little ball].
The administration of medicine in globules; home-
opathy.

globulolysis (glob-u-loV -is-is) . See cytolysis.

globulose (glob'-u-los). Any product of the peptic
digestion of a globulin.

globulus (glob'-u-lus) [L.]. The nucleus globosus
of the cerebellum. It is a mass of gray matter
between the fastigatum and the embolus. 2. A
globule.

globus (glo'-bus) [L.]. A ball or globe, g.
hystericus, the "lump" or choking sensation occur-
ring in hysteria, caused probably by spasmodic
contraction of the esophageal and pharyngeal muscles.
g. major, the larger end or head of the epididymis.
g. minor, the lower end of the epididymis, g. pal-
lidus, the inner and lighter part of the lenticular
nucleus.

glome (glom) [glomus, a ball]. 1. Same as glom-
erule. 2. One of the two rounded prominences
which form the backward prolongations of the frog
of a horse's foot. Cf. periople.

glomer (glo'-mer) [glomus]. A conglomerate gland.

glomerate (glom' -er -at) [glomerate, to wind around].
Rolled together like a ball of thread.

glomerular (glom-er' -oo-lar) . Relating to a glorrr-
erule of the kidney.

glomerule, glomerulus (glom'-er-ul, glom-er' -oo-lus)
[dim. of glomus]. 1. A small rounded mass. 2. A
coil of blood-vessels projecting into the expanded
end (Bowman's capsule) of each uriniferous tubule,
and with it composing the Malpighian body, g.,
olfactory, a group of nerve-cells, a number of which
are embedded in the olfactory nerve-fibers, g. of
the pronephron. See glomus (1). g.s of the spleen,
round masses of lymphoid tissue developed in the
adventitia of the arteries of the spleen.

glomerulitis (glom-er-oo-li'-tis) [glomerule; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the glomerules of
the kidney.

glomerulonephritis (glom-er-oo-lo-nef-ri'-tis) [glom-
erule; v«f>pos, the kidney; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney.

glomus (glo'-mus) [L., "a ball"; 1. A fold of the
mesothelium arising near the base of the mesentery
in the pronephron, and containing a ball of blood-
vessels. Syn., glomerule of the pronephron. 2. The
part of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
which covers the thalamus. Syn. glomus chorioideum.
g. caroticum, g. carotideum, the carotid gland, g.
coccygeum, the coccygeal gland.

glonoin (glon'-o-in) [from Gl = glyceryl; O = oxy-
gen; N = nitrogen, in the formula G103(NO"2)3, in
which Gl stands for glyceryl]. Nitroglycerin.

glonoinism, glonoism (glon'-o-in-izm, glon'-o-izm)
[glonoin]. Intoxication by nitroglycerin.

glossa (glos'-ah) [yXaxraa, the tongue]. The
tongue; also the faculty of articulate speech.

glossagra (glos-a'-grah) [glossa; ay pa, seizure].
Gouty pain in the tongue.

glossal (glos'-al) [yXuaa-a, tongue]. Pertaining to
the tongue.

glossalgia (glos-al'-je-ah) [glossa; akyos, pain].
Pain in the tongue.

glossanthrax (glos-an'-thraks). Anthrax, or car-
buncle of the tongue.

glossauxesis (glos-awks-e'-sis) [glossa; avfrcris,
increase]. Enlargement of the tongue.

glossectomy (glos-ek' -to-me) [glossa; (ktoplti, exci-
sion]. Amputation or excision of the tongue.

Glossina (glos-si'-nah) [glossa]. A genus of biting
flies. G. morsitans, a blood-sucking fly which
transmits Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite of nagana,

a cattle disease of South America. G. palpalis, a
fly which transmits Trypanosoma gambiense, the
parasite which causes sleeping sickness.

glossitic (glos-it'-ik) [glossa; ins, inflammation].
Pertaining to or affected with glossitis.

glossitis (glos-i'-tis) [glossa; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the tongue, g., dissecting, a form
of chronic superficial glossitis characterized by deep
furrows upon the tongue that appear to penetrate
into the mucous membrane, g., idiopathic. Same
as g., parenchymatous, g., interstitial. Same as
g., parenchymatous, g., parasitic, an inflammation
of the tongue said to be due to parasitic vegetations.
It is also called glossophytia. g., parenchymatous,
an inflammation of the tongue involving its substance
as well as the mucous membrane, g. sclerosa,
fibroplastic cellular infiltration of the tongue, pro-
ducing a sclerosis.

glosso- [yXuxraa, tongue]. A prefix signifying the
tongue.

glossocele (glos'-o-seV) [glossa; K17X77, tumor].
Swelling or edema of the tongue, with consequent
extrusion of the organ.

glossodesmus (glos-o-dez'-mus) [glossa; 5eo>i6s,
bond]. The frenum linguae.

glossodynamometer (glos-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) . An
apparatus for estimating the capacity of the tongue
to resist pressure.

glossodynia (glos-o-din'-e-ah) [glossa; 65vvtj, pain].
Pain in the tongue, sometimes accompanied by
exfoliation of its epithelium.

glossoepiglottic, glossoepiglottidean (glos-o-ep-e-
glot'-ik, glos-o-ep-e-glot-id'-e-an) [glosso-; epiglottis].
Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis.

glossograph (glos'-o-graf) [glosso-; ypatpeiv, to
write]. An instrument for registering the move-
ments of the tongue in speech.

glossography (glos-og'-ra-fe) [glosso-; ypafaiv, to
write]. A descriptive treatise upon the tongue.

glossohyal, glossohyoid (glos-o-hi'-al, -oid) [glosso-;
hyoid]. Pertaining to the tongue and the hyoid bone.

glossoid (glos'-oid) [glossa; ei<5os, appearance].
Resembling a tongue.

glossokinesthetic (glos-o-kin-es-thet'-ik) [glossa ;
kinesthetic]. Relating to the subjective perception
of the motions of the tongue in speech.

glossolabial (glos-o-la'-be-al) [glosso-; labium, lip].
Relating to the tongue and lips.

glossolabiolaryngeal paralysis (glos-o-la-be-o-lar-
in'-je-al). See bulbar paralysis.

glossolalia (glos-o-la'-le-ah) [glosso-; \a\la, speech].
The alleged speaking in foreign or unknown tongues
by somnambulists.

glossology (glos-ol'-o-je) [glosso-; \6yos, a treatise].
1. A treatise concerning the tongue. 2. Nomen-
clature.

glossolysis (glos-ol1 -is-is) [glosso-; Xwns, a loosen-
ing]. Paralysis of the tongue. _

glossomanteia, glossomantia (glos-o-man' -te-ah)
[glosso-; navTtia, divination]. Prognosis of a disease
based on the appearance of the tongue.

glossoncus (glos-ong'-kus) [glossa; oyicos, tumor].
A swelling of the tongue.

glossopalatine (glos-o-pal'-at-in) [glosso-; palatum,
palate]. Relating to the tongue and the palate.

glossopalatinus (glos-o-pal-at-i'-nus). See under
muscle.

glossopathy (glos-op'-ath-e) [glosso-; ttoBos, disease].
Any disease of the tongue.

glossopeda (glos-o-pe'-dah) [glosso-; pes, foot].
Synonym of foot-and-mouth disease.

glossopharyngeal (glos-o-far-in'-je-al) [glosso- ;
pharynx]. 1. Pertaining to the tongue and the
pharynx. 2. Pertaining to the glossopharyngeal
nerve.

glossopharyngeus (glos'-o-far-in'-je-us) [glosso-;
pharynx]. A portion of the superior constrictor mus-
cle of the pharynx. See muscles, table of.

glossophyte, glossophyton (glos'-o-flt, glos-of -it-on)
[glosso-; <pvrbv, plant]. A parasitic vegetation
growing on the tongue, found in cases of nigrities
linguae.

glossophytia (glos-o-fi' -te-ah) [glosso-; 4>vr6v, a
growth]. A dark discoloration of the tongue, due
to the accumulation of spores and dead epithelium.
Syn., black tongue.

glossoplasty (glos'-o-plas-te) [glosso-; ■nXaao'ti.v, to
form]. Plastic surgery of the tongue.

glossoplegia (glos-o-ple'-je-ah) [glosso-; irXvyv,
stroke]. Paralysis of the tongue.

GLOSSOPTOSIS

394

GLUTITIS

glossoptosis (glos-op-to'-sis) [glosso-; tttZhtis, a
falling]. Synonym of macroglossia.

glossorrhagia (glos-or-a'-je-ah) [glosso-; prtyvvvcu,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the tongue.

glossorrhaphy (glos-or'-af-e) [glosso-; pa<pr), suture].
Surgical suturing of the tongue.

glossoscopy (glos-os'-ko-pe) [glosso-; anoirelv, to
inspect]. Diagnostic inspection of the tongue.

glossosemeiotics (glos-o-sem-e-ot'-iks) [glosso- ;
arineioeiv, to mark]. The study or science of the
diagnostic and prognostic signs exhibited by the
tongue.

glossospasm (glos'-o-spazm) [glosso-; cnraap.6%,
spasm]. Spasm of the tongue.

glossosteresis (glos-o-ster-e'-sis) [glosso-; arkpi)ai%,
privation]. Surgical excision of the tongue; absence
of the tongue.

glossotilt (glos'-o-tilt) [glosso-; riXXeu>, to pull].
An instrument by which the tongue is drawn forward
during the process of artificial respiration.

glossotomy (glos-ot'-o-me) [glosso-; rkywuv, to
cut]. The dissection of the tongue. Also, the
excision of the tongue.

glossotrichia (glos-o-trik'-e-ah) [glosso-; 6 pit, hair].
Hairy tongue.

glossy skin. A peculiar shining condition of the
skin, due to trophic changes following injury or
disease of the cutaneous nerves.

glottagra (glot-a'-grah) [yXurra, tongue; ay pa,
seizure]. Glossagra.

glottal (glot'-al) [glottis]. Pertaining to the glottis.

glottalgia (glot-al'-je-ah) [yXurra, tongue; &\yo$,
pain]. Glossalgia.

glottic (glot'-ik) [glotta; and glottis], i. Pertaining
to the tongue. 2. Pertaining to the glottis.

glottidean (glot-id'-e-an) [glottis]. Pertaining to
the glottis.

glottis (glot'-is) [yXurris, glottis]. The rima
glottidis. The opening between the arytenoid
cartilages, or the interval between the vocal bands;
also, the structures collectively that surround that
opening.

glottiscope (glot'-is-kdp) [glottis; anoirelv, to
inspect]. A form of laryngoscope.

glottitis (glot-i'-tis). See glossitis.

glottology (glot-ol'-o-je). See glossology.

glou-glou (gloo' -gloo). A gurgling sound sup-
posedly produced in the stomach by the respiratory
pressure of the diaphragm; heard only when the
stomach has become more or less vertical and while
a tight corset is on. It is explained as being due to a
temporary biloculation of the stomach by the corset.

glove-area. (gluv). The area of anesthesia of the
fingers, hand, and forearm in multiple neuritis. It
corresponds to the region of skin covered by gloves
of various lengths.

glovers' stitch (gluv'-er). The continuous suture
used especially in repairing wounds of the intestine.

glucase (gloo'-kas). The enzyme that converts
starch into glucose.

glucin (gloo'-sin). The sodium salt of amido-
triazin-sulphonic acid; a substance resembling sac-
charin, but less sweet.

glucinum (gloo-si'-num). See beryllium.

glucogen {gloo' -ko-j en). See glycogen.

glucohemia, glucohaemia (gloo-ko-he'-me-ah). See
glycohemia.

glucolysis (gloo-col'-is-is). See glycolysis.

gluconic (gloo-kon'-ik) [glucose]. Of or pertaining
to glucose.

glucoprotein (gloo-ko-pro'-te-in). See glycoprotein.

glucosamine. Same as glycosdmine.

glucosazone (gloo-ko'-sa-zon). See phenylgluco-
sazone.

glucose (gloo'-kos) [y~KvKvs, sweet]. 1. CeHizOe.
Grape-sugar; dextrose. A form of sugar found in
many fruits, in blood and in lymph, and in the urine
in diabetes. It is crystalline; its solution turns the
plane of polarized light to the right; it is less soluble
and less sweet than cane-sugar, and ferments readily.
It can be obtained from starch by the action of
diastatic ferments, or by boiling with dilute mineral
acids, and crystallizes in nodular masses melting at
86° F. 2. A generic name for a class of carbo-
hydrates having the composition C6H12O6, and of
which ordinary glucose is the type, g., tests for.
See Almen, Baeyer, Barfoed, Baumann, Boettger,
Braun, Crismer, Fehling, v. Gebhart, Gentele, Gerrard,
Haines, Hassall, v. Jaksch, Knapp, Loewenthal,
Maumen'e, Molisch, Moore, Mulder, Nylander, Pavy,

Penzoldt, Roberts, Rubner, Saccharimeter, Schiff,
Silver, Soldani, Tollen, Trommer, Wender, Worm-
Muller.

glucoside, glucosid (gloo'-ko-sid) [glucose]. Any
member of a series of compounds that may be re-
solved by an acid into glucose and another principle.
The more important ones are amygdalin, arbutin,
digitalin, and salicin.

glucosin (glno'-ko-sin) [glucose]. 1. Any one of
a series of bases obtained by the action of ammonia
on glucose. 2. Trade name of a substitute for sugar.

glucosuria (gloo'-ko-sil'-re-ah). See glycosuria.

glucovanillin (gloo-ko-van-il'-in). See glycovanillin.

glue (gloo) [Low L., glutem, accus. of glus, glue.]
An impure gelatin prepared by boiling the skin,
hoofs, and horns of animals. It is a very adhesive
substance, and when cold, holds the surfaces between
which it is placed firmly together, g.-like tumor, a
glioma.

Gluge's corpuscles (gloo'-geh) [Gottlieb Gluge,
Belgian histologist, 1812-1898]. Compound granular
corpuscles; compound granule-cells occurring in
tissues that are the seat of fatty degeneration.

gluside (gloo'-sid). Synonym of saccharin. See
glusidum.

glusidum (gloo'-sid-um) [y\vKvs, sweet],

C5H4<^g2>NH.

Saccharin. Benzoyl-sulphonicimide, a coal-tar deriv-
ative. It is an intensely sweet, white powder, 200
times as sweet as cane-sugar. It is antiseptic, and
is used to disguise the taste of nauseous medicine.
It may be used as a sweetening-agent in diabetes
and in the treatment of corpulency.

glutaeus (gloo-te'-us). See gluteus.

glutamic acid (gloo-tam'-ik), C5H9NO4. A crystal-
line acid found in gluten and other proteids.

glutamine (gloo-tam'-in). An amine found in
the juice of the beet, gourd, mustard, arid other
plants.

glutannin (gloo-tan'-in). Trade name of a com-
bination of tannin and albumin.

glutannol (gloo-tan'-ol). A proprietary intestinal
astringent said to consist of vegetable fibrin and
tannic acid. Dose, 4-15 gr. (0.25-1 gm.).

glutaric acid (gloo-tar'-ik), CbHsOi. A crystalline
acid found in decomposed pus.

gluteal (gloo-te'-al) [gluteus]. Pertaining to the
buttocks, g. artery. See under artery, g. muscles.
See under muscle, g. nerve. See under nerve, g.
reflex. See under reflex.

glutei (gloo'-te-i). The muscles of the buttocks.

glutelin (gloo'-te-lin). A class of simple proteins
occurring in seeds of cereals; soluble in dilute acids
and alkalies insoluble in neutral solutions.

gluten (gloo'-ten) [L., "glue"]. A nitrogenous
substance found in the seed of cereals. It consists
mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten-casein, gliadin, and
mucedin. g.-bread, bread made from wheat-flour
from which all the starch has been removed; it is used
as a substitute for ordinary bread in diabetes, g.-
casein, a nitrogenous substance resembling the casein
of milk, and forming about 15 % of the gluten of
flour. Syn., vegetable casein, g.-fibrin, C37H59N10O11,
a brownish mass extracted from gluten.

glutenin (gloo'-ten-in). A proteid of wheat.

gluteofascial (gloo-te-o-fash'-e-al) [gluteus; fascia,
bundle]. Relating to the fascia of the gluteal region.

gluteofemoral (gloo-te-o-fem' -or-al) [gluteus ; femur].
Relating to the buttock and the thigh.

gluteoinguinal (gloo-te-o-in'-gwin-al). Relating to
the buttock and groin.

gluteotrochanteric (gloo-te-o-tro-kan-ter'-ik). Re-
lating to the gluteal muscle or region and the tro-
chanter.

gluteus (gloo-te'-us) [yXovros, buttock]. One of the
large muscles of the buttock. See under muscle.

glutin (gloo' -tin). 1. See gelatin. 2. Synonym of
gluten-casein.

glutinous (gloo'-tin-us). Viscid; glue-like.

glutinpeptone sublimate (gloo-tin-pep'-ton). An
antiseptic preparation of mercury containing 25 %
of mercury bichloride and obtained by the action
of hydrochloric acid on gelatin. It occurs as a
hygroscopic white powder or a noncorrosive liquid
used hypodermatically in syphilis. Dose 15 gr.
(1 Gm.). /

glutitis (gloo-ti'-tis) [gluteus; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the gluteal muscles.

GLUTOFORM

395

GLYCOSIDE

glutoform, glutol (gloo' -to- form, glu'-tol). See
formaldehyde-gelatin.

glutoid (gloo'-toid). A preparation of gelatin and
formaldehyde insoluble in the stomach, but soluble
in the intestine. It is used for coating pills or making
capsules when intestinal medication is desired.

glutolin (gloo' -to-lin). An albuminoid body from
paraglobulin, supposed to be a constituent of blood-
plasm.

gluton (gloo' -ton). A dietetic substance obtained
from gelatin by the action of acids at a high tempera-
ture for several hours.

Gluzinske's test for bile-pigments (gloo-zin'-ske)
[Anton Gluzinski, Austrian physician]. Boil the
solution for a few minutes with formalin, and an
emerald-green coloration will result, changing to an
amethyst-violet on the addition of a few drops of
hydrochloric acid.

glybolid (gli' -bo-lid). The proprietary name for
an antiseptic paste made of equal parts of boralid and
glycerin. Syn., glybrid.

glybrid (gli'-brid). Same as glybolid.

glycase (gli'-kas). An enzyme which converts
maltose into dextrose.

glyceleum (gli-se' -le-nm) [y\vKvs, sweet; eXcuov,
oil]. A mixture of glycerin 2 parts, olive oil 6 parts,
almond-meal 1 part; it is used as a base for ointments.

glycemia, glycaemia (gli-se' -me-ah) [glucose; ai/ta,
blood]. The presence of glucose in the blood.

glyceric (glis-er'-ik). Derived from glycerid or
glycerol.^

glycerid (glis'-er-id) [glycerol]. A compound of
glycerol and an acid ; the neutral fats are glycerids.

glycerin, glycerinum (glis'-er-in, glis-er-i'-num)
[y\vKvs, sweet]. 1. See glycerol. 2. In the British
Pharmacopeia, a solution of a medicinal substance
in glycerol; a glycerite. g.-jelly, a mixture of
glycerin and jelly, g. suppositories (suppositoria
glycerini, U. S. P.), each contains 6 Gm. of glycerol;
they are used in constipation, glycerinum pepticum,
trade name of a glycerin extract of concentrated
peptic enzyme.

glycerite, glyceritum (glis'-er-it, glis-er-i'-tum) [see
glycerin]. A mixture of medicinal substances with
glycerol. The following glycerites are official:
glyceritum acidi tannici; g. amyli; g. boroglycerini;
g. jerri quinince et strychnines phosphatum ; g. hydrastis ;
g. phenolis.

glycerize (glis'-er-tz). To treat or mix with
glycerin.

glyceroborate (glis-er-o-bo'-rdt). A compound
made by heating together equal parts of glycerin
and a borate.

glyceroformol (glis-er-o-for'-mol). An antiseptic
substance formed by the prolonged action of formal-
dehyde upon glycerin.

glycerol (glis'-er-ol) [see glycerin], C3H5(HO)3.
Glycerin. A colorless substance, of syrupy consist-
ence, sweetish to the taste, obtained from fats and
fixed oils. Chemically it is a triatomic alcohol, and
may be looked upon as propenyl alcohol. It is
soluble in water and in alcohol, and has a specific
gravity of 1.25 at 150 C. It is used as a vehicle in
pharmaceutical preparations, as an emollient appli-
cation to the skin, as a laxative administered by the
mouth or in suppository, for tampons in pelvic con-
gestion, as a substitute for sugar in diabetes, as a
mounting-medium in microscopy, and as an addition
to bacteriologic culture-mediums.

glycerolate, glycerolatum (glis'-er-o-ldl, glis-er-o-la'-
lum). Same as glycerite. g., aromatic, a sticky,
transparent substance consisting of tragacanth,
4 parts; acetone, 30 parts; glycerol, 46 parts; water,
18 parts; aromatic perfume, 4 parts; it is recom-
mended in the treatment of skin diseases.

glycerophosphate (glis-er-o-fos'-fat). A combina-
tion of glycerol and phosphoric acid with a base.

glycerose (glis'-er-os), CaHeOs. Triose; a substance
derived from glycerol. It is the lowest glucose,
and is a mixture of glycerol aldehyde and dioxy-
acetone.

glyceryl (glis'-er-il) [glycerol]. The trivalent
radical, C3H5, of glycerol, combining with the fatty
acids to form the neutral fats. g. borate. See
boroglycerin. g. trinitrate, spirit of (spiritus glycerylis
nilralis, U. S. P.), spirit of nitroglycerin.

glycid (gli'-sid) [yXvuix, sweet], C3H6O2. The
oxide of hydroxypropene. It is isomeric with acetol
and lactic aldehyde.

glycin (gli' -sin). Synonym of glycocoll.

glycina (glis-i'-nah). Soya-bean. See soja.

glyco- (gli-ko-) [jXvkvs, sweet]. A prefix meaning
sweet.

glycoblastol (gli-ko-blas'-tol). A proprietary hair
restorer said to consist of alcohol, glycerin, and
capsicum.

glycocholate (gli-ko-ko'-ldt). A salt of glycocholic
acid.

glycocholic acid (gli-ko-kol'-ik) [glyco-; xo\n, bile].
An acid found in the bile. See acid, glycocholic.

glycocide (gli'-ko-sid). See glucoside.

glycocin (gli'-ko-sin). See glycin.

glycocoll (gli'-ko-kol) [glyco-; K6\\a, glue], C2H5NO2.
It is obtained when glycocholic acid is boiled with
caustic potash, baryta-water, or with dilute mineral
acids; also by boiling gelatin with dilute acids. It
is capable of acting as a base and as an acid. Syn.,
aminoacetic acid; gelatin-sugar ; glycin.

glycoformal (gli-ko-form'-al) . A disinfectant com-
posed of an aqueous solution of formic aldehyde and
glycerin.

glycogelatin (gli-ko- j el' -at-in). An ointment base
consisting of glycerol and gelatin.

glycogen (gli'-ko-jen) [glyco-; yewav, to produce].
A carbohydrate found in the form of amorphous
granules in the liver-cells, in all tissues of the embryo,
in the testicle, muscles, leukocytes, fresh pus-cells,
cartilage, and other tissues. It is formed from
carbohydrates and probably also from proteins,
and is stored in the liver, where it is converted, as
the system requires, into sugar (glucose). It is also
known as animal starch. Glycogen is soluble in
water, is dextrorotatory, and is colored red by
iodine.

glycogenal, glycogenol (gli-ko' -jen-al, -ol). A
substance allied to glycogen. It is used in tubercu-
losis by inhalation and internally. Dose 15-23 gr.
( 1. 0-1.5 Gm.).

glycogenosis (gli-ko-jen'-es-is) [y\vKvs, sweet;
yeveffLS, production]. The formation of sugar in the
animal economy, whether normal or pathologic.

glycogenetic (gli-ko-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to the
formation of sugar or of glycerin.

glycogenic (gli-ko- j en' -ik). Pertaining to glycogen
or to glycogenesis.

glycogeny (gli-koj'-en-e) [glycogen]. Glycogenesis.

glycohemia, glycohsemia (gli-ko-he' -me-ah) [glyco-;
alfia, blood]. A saccharine condition of the blood
Syn., glycemia.

glycoheroin (gli-ko-her'-o-in). A proprietary liquid
expectorant said to contain heroine and hyoscj^amine.
Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

glycol (gli'-kol) [yXvKvs, sweet]. A diatomic alcohol.

glycolamine (gli-kol-am'-in) . Synonym of glycocoll.

glycolic, glycollic (gli-kol'-ik). Derived from
glycol.

glycoline (gli'-kol- en). A purified petroleum for use
in atomizers.

glycolysis (gli-kol'-is-is) [glyco-; Xwm, dissolution].
The hydrolysis of sugar in the body.

glycolytic (gli-kol-it'-ik) [glucose; Xwm, dissolution].
Splitting up sugars; pertaining to glycolysis.

glyconeogenesis (gli-ko-ne-o-jen'-es-is) [glyco-; vkos,
new; 7ej>i'ai/, to produce]. The formation of carbo-
hydrates from substances which are not carbo-
hydrates, as protein or fat.

glyconin (gli'-ko-nin). A mixture of yolk of egg,
45, and glycerol, 55 parts. Syn., glyceritum vitelli.

glycopolyuria (gli-ko-pol-e-u'-re-ah) [glyco-; poly-
uria]. Bouchardat's term for diabetes, attended
with a moderate quantity of sugar in the urine and
with an increase of lithic acid in the blood.

glycoproteins (gli-ko-pro'-te-ins) [glyco-; protein].
Compound proteins which on decomposition yield a
protein on one side and a carbohydrate or derivatives
of the same on the other. Some glycoproteins are
free from phosphorus (mucins, mucinoids, and hyalo-
gens) and some contain it (phosphoglycoproteins).

glycorrhea (gli-kor-e'-ah) [glyco-; poLa, flow]. A
discharge of saccharine fluid from the body.

glycosal (gli'-ko-sal). Monosalicylic glycerol ester,
a white powder readily soluble in hot water and
alcohol, and less freely in ether and chloroform. It is
antirheumatic. Dose 8-150 gr. (0.52-9.75 Gm.) a
day. Applied in 20 % alcoholic solution.

glycosamine (gli-kos'-am-in). See chitin.

glycosemia, glycosaemia (gli-ko-se' -me-ah). See
glycemia and glycohemia.

glycoses (gli-ko' -sez). Same as glucoses, q. v.

glycoside (gli'-ko-sid). Glucoside.

GLYCOSOLVEOL

396

GOITROUS

glycosolveol (gli-ko-sol'-ve-ol). A proprietary-
remedy for diabetes said to be obtained from peptone
by action of oxypropionic acid and from trypsin by
action of a compound of theobromine.

glycosometer (gli-ko-som'-et-er) [glyco-; perpov, a
measure]. An instrument for use in the estimation
of the percentage of sugar in diabetic urine.

glycosuria {gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [ghicose; ovpov, urine].
The presence of grape-sugar in the urine. For tests
see under glucose, g., alimentary, that due to ex-
cessive ingestion of carbohydrates, g., anxiety (of
v. Nqorden), a transitory form due to worry, g.,
artificial, a condition resulting from puncture of
the diabetic center in the bulb. _ Syn., artificial
diabetes; traumatic glycosuria, g., diabetic, that in
which sugar and oxybutyric acid and its derivatives
are passed in the urine, g., lipogenic, the glycosuria
of obese subjects which does not amount to true
diabetes, g., persistent. Synonym of diabetes
mellitus. g., toxic, that observed after poisoning by
chloral, morphine, or curara, after inhalation of
chloroform or carbonic monoxide, and after £he inges-
tion of phloridzin. g., traumatic. See g., artificial.
g. of vagrants, a transient form occurring in underfed
vagrants.

glycothymolin (gli-ko-thi'-tnol-in). An antiseptic
cleansing solution for the treatment of diseased
mucous membrane. Said to consist of glycerol,
sodium, boric acid, thymol, menthol, salicylic acid
eucalyptol, and other antiseptics.

glycovanillin (gli-ko-van-il'-in), CeH3(OCH)3(OC6-
Hii05)CHO+2H20. The glucoside of vanillin,
formed by the oxidation of coniferin with dilute
chromium trioxide. Syn., glucovanillin.

glycozone (gli'-ko-zon). A combination of pure
glycerol with 15 times its own volume of ozone at
o° C. It is a healing agent, used in gastric ulcer,
etc., in teaspoonful doses diluted with water.

glycuronic acid (gli-ku-ron'-ik). See acid, glycu-
ronic.

glycuronuria (gli-kii-ron-u'-re-ah) [glyco-; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of glycuronic acid in the urine.

glycyltryptophan (gli-sil-trip'-to-fan) . A compound
of glycin and tryptophan radicals, used as a test for
cancer of the stomach.

glycyrrhea (gli-sir-e'-ah) [yXwus, sweet; pelv, to
flow]. Any discharge of glucose from the body.
glycyrrhoea urinosa. Synonym of diabetes mellitus.

glycyrrhetin (gli-sir'-e-tin) [yXvKvs, sweet; pifa,
root], C18H26O4. An amorphous bitter substance in
licorice-root.

glycyrrhiza (glis-ir-i'-zah) [yXwc&s, sweet; pifa,
root]. Licorice. The root of G. glabra, a demulcent
and mild laxative of sweet taste. It is used in
catarrhal affections and as an ingredient of pills.
g., extract of (extractum glycyrrhiza, U. S. P.). Dose
IS gr. (1 Gm.). g., extract of, pure {extractum
glycyrrhiza purum, U. S. P.), used for making pills.
g., fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum glycyrrhiza, U. S.
P.), used as a vehicle for administering quinine, g.,
mixture of, compound (mistura glycyrrhiza composita,
U. S. P.), brown mixture. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc).
g., powder of, compound (pulvis glycyrrhiza com-
positus, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). g., troches
of, and opium (trochisci glycyrrhiza et opii, U. S. P.).
Dose 1 or 2.

glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizinum (glis-ir-i'-zin, -iz-i'-
num) [glycyrrhiza]. The active principle of licorice-
root. It is in reality an acid, glycyrrhizic acid,
C44H63NO19. g., ammoniated {glycyrrhizinum am-
moniatum, U. S. P.), a sweet preparation used as a
substitute for licorice. Dose 5-1 5 gr- (0.32-1.0 Gm.).

glykaolin (gli-ka'-ol-in). A compound of alumi-
nium silicate, phenyl salicylate, and glycerol made
into a smooth paste; it is indicated in the treatment
of wounds, ulcers, sprains, burns, etc.

glymol (gli'-mol). A proprietary, preparation
said to be obtained from petroleum; it is used in
diseases of the nose and throat.

glyoxal (gli-oks'-al) [yXvKvs, sweet; 6£aXts, sorrel],
C2H2O2. A substance formed by oxidizing acetalde-
hyde with HNO3. It is an amorphous non-volatile
mass that deliquesces in the air, and is soluble in
alcohol and in ether.

glyoxalin (gli-oks'-al-in) [yXvKvs, sweet; [6£a\Ls,
sorrel], C3H4N2. A substance produced by the
action of ammonia upon glyoxal. It is easily soluble
in water, alcohol and ether, and crystallizes in
brilliant prisms, melting at 890 C. and boiling at
255° C.

gm. An abbreviation of gram, or gramme.

Gmelin's test for bile-pigments in the urine
(ma'-lin) [Leopold Gmelin, German physiologist,
1788-1853]. Fuming nitric acid is carefully added,
so that it forms a sublayer. At the junction of the
two liquids a series of colored layers is formed, in the
following order, from above downward: green, blue,
violet, red, and reddish-yellow. The green ring
must always be present, and the reddish-violet at the
same time; otherwise the reaction might be con-
founded with that for lutein.

gnat (nat). A dipterous insect, the Culex pipiens,
differing but slightly from the common mosquito,
with which it is popularly confounded. The "bite"
consists in a piercing of the skin and the withdrawal
of a minute quantity of blood. The gnat has no
sting or poison-glands.

gnathalgia (nath-al'-je-ah) [gnathion; &X70S, pain].
Pain or neuralgia of the jaw.

gnathankylosis (nath-ang-kil-o' -sis) [gnathion ; anky-
losis]. Ankylosis of the jaw.

gnathic (na'-thik) [gnathion]. Pertaining to the
jaw. g. index. See index, gnathic.

gnathion (na'-the-on) [yvaBos, jaw]. The lowest
point in the median line of the inferior maxilla.

gnathitis (nath-i'-tis) [gnathion; wis, inflammation].
Inflammation of the jaw or cheek.

gnatho- (nath-o-) [yvados, the jaw]. A prefix
signifying the jaw or cheek.

gnathocephalus (nath-o-sef'-al-us) [gnathion ;
/c«0aXi7, the head]. A monster lacking all parts of
the head except large jaws.

gnathodynia (nath-o-din'-e-ah) [gnatho-; 6bwq,
pain]. Pain in the jaw, gnathalgia.

gnathoneuralgia (nath-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [gnatho- ;
neuralgia]. See gnathalgia.

gnathoparalysis (nath-o-par-aV-is-is) [gnatho-; par-
alysis]. Paralysis of the jaw.

gnathoplasty (nath'-o-plas-te) [gnatho-; ■n-'Kao-aeiv, to
shape]. Plastic surgery of the cheek.

gnathoplegia (nath-o-ple'-je-ah) [gnatho-; ir\y)yq,
stroke]. Paralysis of the cheek.

gnathorrhagia (nath-or-a'-je-ah) [gnatho-; fayvvvai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the mucous
membrane of the cheek or from the jaws.

gnathoschisis (nath-os'-kis-is) [gnatho-; o-xtfeiv, to
split]. Cleft-jaw.

gnathospasmus (nath-o-spaz'-mus) [gnatho-;
spasm]. Locked jaw; trismus.

gnoscopine (nos'-ko-pin), C34H36N2O11. A crystal-
line alkaloid of opium.

Goa-powder. See araroba.

goblet-cells. Beaker-shaped cells found in mucous
membranes.

Godfrey's cordial. A non-official preparation of
opium containing from half a grain to a grain and a
half of opium to the ounce.

Goggia's sign {god' -yah). If the biceps muscle of
the arm is pinched there is a general fibrillation, in a
state of health; and a locally limited fibrillation in
cases of asthenic disease.

goggle-eyed (gog'l'-id). A vulgar synonym of
exophthalmos and of strabismus.

goggles (gog'-lz) [O. E. goggle, to roll the eyes].
Spectacles with colored lenses and wire or cloth
sides, to protect the eyes from excessive light or dust.

goiter (goi'-tr) [guttur, throat]. Enlargement of
the thyroid gland. Syn.; bronchocele; Derbyshire
neck; tracheocele, g., aberrant, g., accessory, that
of an accessory thyroid gland, g., aerial. See
aerocele. g., amyloid, a form associated with amyloid
degeneration of the small arteries, capillaries, and
follicles, g., anemic. Synonym of g., exophthalmic.
g., cancerous, g., carcinomatous, carcinoma of the
thyroid gland, g., exophthalmic, a disease charac-
terized by cardiac palpitation, goiter, exophthalmos,
tremor, palpitation being usually the initial symptom.
Syn., Basedow's disease; Graves' disease. See Abadie,
Dalrymple, Graefe, Stellwag, Vigoroux. Also see
under Ballet, Becker, Bryson, Joffroy, Marie, Moebius.
g., perivascular, one surrounding an important blood
vessel, g., pituitary, cystic and follicular degenera-
tion in the ^hypophysis similar to that occurring in
the thyroid gland, g., pneumoguttural. See aero-
cele. g., renovascular, one traversed anteriorly by
a large blood-vessel.

goitriferous (goi-trif -er-us) [goiter; ferre, to bear].
Giving rise to goiters.

goitrous (goi'-trus) [goiter]. Relating to or affected
with goiter.

GOLD

397

GONOCOCCUS

gold. See aurum. g.-beaters' skin, a thin mem-
brane prepared from the cecum of the ox. g. cure,
the Keeley cure, g., fulminating, AmCMNHUK a
compound obtained from auric oxide, or auric hy-
drate by action of ammonia; a greenish-brown
powder exploding with great violence on heating or
percussion.

goldenseal. See Hydrastis.

Goldflam's disease (golt'-flahm) [Sigismund Gold-
flam, Polish physician]. See Erb's disease.

Goldscheider-Marinesco's law. The fewer con-
nections a neuron has, and, consequently, the fewer
stimuli it receives, the less is its tendency to degenera-
tion.

Golgi's cells (gol'-je) [Camillo Colgi, Italian anato-
mist, 1844- ]. Nerve-cells with very short
processes found in the gray matter of the brain and
spinal cord. G.'s corpuscles, tendon-spindles; small
fusiform bodies resembling the Pacinian corpuscles,
existing in tendons at the junction of the tendinous
fibers with the muscular fibers. They have not been
found in the ocular muscles. G.'s cycle, that phase
of development of the Plasmodium malaria which
occurs in human blood. See Ross, cycle of. G.'s
funnels, funnel-shaped structures composed of spiral
threads, described by Golgi and others as surrounding
the axis-cylinder of a myelinic nerve-fiber and sup-
porting the myelin. They appear to be artificially
produced in the process of staining.

Golgi-Mazzoni's corpuscles. See Mazzoni's cor-
puscles.

Golgi-Rezzonico's funnels. See Golgi's funnels.

Goll's column [Friedrich Goll, Swiss anatomist,
1820-1903]. The posterointernal column of the
spinal cord. G.'s nucleus, a small nucleus in the
fasciculus gracilis of the oblongata in which the long
fibers of Goll's column terminate.

Golonboff's sign of chlorosis. An acute pain
located directly over the spleen, and pain on per-
cussion over the ends of the long bones, especially
the tibia.

Goltz's experiment [Friedrich Leopold Goltz,
German physician, 1834- ]. Arrest of the
heart's action produced in the frog by repeated
tapping of the abdomen.

Gombault-Phillippe's triangle [Albert Frangois
Gombault, French physician, 1844- ]. The tri-
angular area formed in the conus medullaris by the
fibers which, higher up, compose the oval field of
Flechsig.

gomenol (go'-men-ol). A syrup used in pertussis
said to be prepared from the leaves of Melaleuca
leucadendron. Dose 5-50 min. (0.33-3.33 Cc.) in
capsules.

gomphiasis (gom-fi'-as-is) [yo^ios, a molar tooth].
Looseness of the teeth.

gomphosis (gom-fo'-sis). See synarthrosis.

gonacratia (gon-ak-ra'-she-ah) [yovr), semen; aicpa-
reia, incontinence]. Spermatorrhea.

gonad (gon'-ad) [yovr), semen: pi., gonades]. A
sexual gland; a testicle or ovary.

gonades (gon'-ad-ez) [gonad]. The reproductive
organs; genitalia.

gonaduct (gon'-ad-ukt) [yovr), semen; ductus, a
duct]. The excretory duct of a reproductive gland;
an oviduct or a seminal duct.

gonae (go'-ne) [L.]. The genitals.

gonagra (gon-a'-grah) [ybw, knee; ay pa, seizure].
Gout of the knee-joint.

gonal (go'-nal). A proprietary remedy for gonor-
rhea, cystitis, etc., said to be the active principle of
sandalwood oil. Dose, 10-20 m. (0.66-1.33 cc).

gonalgia (gon-al'-je-ah) [ybw, knee; a\yos, pain].
Pain in the knee-joint.

gonangiectomy (go-nan-je-ek'-to-me) [ybvos, gen-
eration; ayytlov, vessel; iKTOfxi), excision]. Excision
of a portion of the vas deferens.

gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri'-tis) [ybw, knee; arthritis].
1. Inflammation of the knee-joint. 2. Synonym of
Gonorrheal synovitis.

gonarthrocace (gon-ar-throk'-as-e) [ybvv, knee;
apdpov, a joint; kcuoj, evil]. White swelling of the
knee-joint.

gonarthromeningitis (gon-ar-thro-men-in-ji'-tis)

[ybw, knee; apdpov, a joint; (j.r)viy£, membrane;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the synovial
membrane of the knee.

gonarthrotomy (gon-ar-throl'-o-me) [ybw, knee;
apdpov, joint; 7-0/417, incision]. Incision into the
knee-joint.

gonatalgia (gon-at-al'-je-ah). See gonalgia.

gonatocele (gon-at'-o-sel) [ybw, knee; M7X17,
tumor]. A swelling or tumor of the knee; white
swelling.

gonecyst, gonecystis {gon'-e-sist, gon-e-sis'-tis)
[yovr), semen; kvo-tls, cyst]. A seminal vesicle.

gonecystic (gon-e-sis'-tik). Pertaining to a gone-
cyst.

gonecystitis (gon-e-sis-ti'-tis) [gonecyst; vrvs, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the seminal vesicles.

gonecystolith (gon-e-sis'-to-lith) [yovfj, semen;
kvo-tis, cyst; \L8os, stone]. A concretion or calculus
in a seminal vesicle.

gonecystoncus (gon-e-sis-tong'-kus) [gonecyst; by kos,
tumor]. Any tumor of a seminal vesicle.

gonecystopyosis (gon-e-sist-o-pi-o'-sis) [gonecyst ;
irvwais, suppuration]. Suppuration of a gonecyst.

goneitis (gon-e-i'-tis) [ybw, knee; it is, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the knee.

gonepoiesis (gon-e-poi-e'-sis) [yov-q, semen; iroulv,
to make]._ The secretion or elaboration of semen.

gonepoietic (gon-e-poi-et'-ik) [yovr), semen; iroulv,
to make]. Pertains to secretion of semen.

gongrona {gon-gro'-nah) [yoyypwvr], a ganglion].
Synonym of goiter.

gongyloid (gon'-jil-oid) [yoyyvXos, round; eT5os,
likeness]. Having an irregular round shape.

gonic (gon'-ik) [yovr), semen]. Pertaining to
semen or to generation.

gonid (go'-nid) , gonidium (go-nid'-e-um) [yovrj, seed;
pi., gonidia]. In biology, (a) one of the grass-green
algal elements of the lichen thallus; (6) also applied
to various asexually produced reproductive bodies.

gonidia (go-nid'-e-ah). Plural of gonidium.

goniocraniometry (go-ne-o-kra-ne-om'-et-re) [yuvia,
angle; craniometry]. Measurement of the cranial
angles.

goniometer (go-ne-om'-et-er) [gonion; p.krpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for measuring lateral curva-
tures, adduction and abduction in hip-joint disease,
the angle of ankylosed joints, etc., and the angles
of crystals, g., vesical, an apparatus to measure the
angle formed by the long axis of the urethra with a
line drawn from the internal urethral orifice to the
mouth of the ureter.

goniometry (go-ne-om'-et-re). The measurement
of angles.

gonion (go'-ne-on) [yuvia, an angle]. The outer
side of the angle of the inferior maxilla.

gonioscope (go'-ne-o-skop) [ywvia, angle; o-Kowelv,
to see]. An apparatus used in noting the varying
angles made by the optical axis with the lines of muscle
action.

goniozygomatic (go-ne-o-zi-go-mat'-ik) [ycovia, an an-
gle; zygoma]. Relating to the gonion and the zygoma.

gonitis (go-ni'-tis) [ybw, knee; iris, inflammation].
Inflammation of the knee-joint.

gonoblast (gon'-o-blast) [ybvos, generation; /3Xa«rr6s,
germ]. A sperm-cell or germ-cell; any cell con-
cerned directly in reproduction; a spermatozoon; an
ovum.

gonobolia (gon-o-bo'-le-ah) [yovf), semen; fiaWeiv,
to throw]. 1. The ejaculation of semen. 2. Sperma-
torrhea.

gonocele (gon'-o-sel) [1] [ybw, knee; /ct/Xtj, tumor].
A swelling of the knee. [2] [ybvrj, semen; Kr)\rj, tumor].
1. A tumor of a testis, or of a spermatic cord, due
to retention of semen. 2. Synonym of gonorrheal
rheumatism.

gonochorismus (gon-o-kor-iz'-mus) [ybvos, genera-
tion, sex; xwpier/nos, separation]. In biology, the
specialization of sex; the differentiation of male or
female genitalia in a developing embryo; the separa-
tion of the sexes in phylogeny.

gonocide (gon'-o-sid) [gonococcus; ccedere, to kill].

1. Destructive to the gonococcus. 2. An agent
which kills the gonococcus.

gonococcal (gon-o-kok'-al). Relating to the gono-
coccus.

gonococcemia, gonococcaemia (gon-o-kok-se'-me-ah)
[gonococcus ; alp.a, blood]. Gonococci in the blood.

gonococcia (gon-o-kok'-se-ah). See gonohemia.

gonococcic (gon-o-kok'-sik). Pertaining to the
gonococcus; gonococcal.

gonococcicide {gon-o-kok'-se-sid) [gonococcus;
ccedere, to kill]. 1. Destructive to the gonococcus.

2. An agent which kills the gonococcus.
gonococcus (gon-o-kok'-us) [yovr), semen; kokkos, a

berry]. The specific organism causing gonorrhea.
See Micrococcus gonorrhace.

GONOCYTE

398

GOUT

gonocyte (gon'-o-slt) [yovrj, semen; kvtos, cell].
Van Beneden's name for the ovum which contains
only the female pronucleus, the male part having
been expelled as directive bodies, g., male, a sper-
matozoon.

gonohemia, gonohaemia (gon-o-he'-me-ah) [gonor-
rhea ; alua, blood]. Generalized gonorrheal infection.

gonoid (go'-noid) [yov-q, semen; eUos, appearance].
Resembling semen.

gonopepsin {gon-o-pep'-sin). A preparation said
to consist of pepsin, boric acid, infusion of cran-
berries, and water; it is intended as a gonorrheal
injection.

gonophore (gon'-o-for) [yovrj, seed; <£6pos, bearer].
Any structure which conducts or stores up the sexual
cells; the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, Fallopian
tubes, or uterus.

gonopoiesis (gon-o-poi-e'-sis). See gonepoiesis.

gonopoietic (gon-o-poi-et'-ik) [ybvos, generation,
seed; iroitiTiKos, productive]. In biology, productive
of reproductive elements, as ova or spermatozoa.

gonorol (gon'-or-ol). A proprietary remedy for
gonorrhea said to contain the active principles of
sandalwood oil.

gonorrhea, gonorrhoea (gon-or-e'-ah) [yovh, semen;
pola, a flow]. A specific infectious inflammation
of the mucous membrane of the urethra and adjacent
cavities, due to the gonococcus of Neisser. The
disease is characterized by pain, burning urination,
a profuse mucopurulent discharge, and a protracted
course. It is likely to become chronic, and is fre-
quently accompanied by complications — prostatitis,
periurethral abscess, epididymitis, cystitis, purulent
conjunctivitis. It may also cause arthritis (gonor-
rheal rheumatism), endocarditis, and, in women,
salpingitis, g., dry, a form unassociated with
discharge.

gonorrheal, gonorrhceal (gon-or-e'-al) [gonorrhea].
Relating to gonorrhea, as gonorrheal ophthalmia.
g. arthritis, or rheumatism, inflammation of one or
more joints as a sequel of gonorrhea.

gonosan (gon'-o-san). Trade name of a remedy for
gonorrhea, said to contain kava-kava and sandalwood
oil.

gonoscheocele (gon-os'-ke-o-sel) [yovr/, semen;
boxtov, scrotum; kt\\t\, tumor]. A distention of the
testicle with semen.

gonotoxemia, gonotoxsemia (gon-o-toks-e'-me-ah) .
Toxemia attributable to infection with the gono-
coccus.

gonotoxin (gon-o-toks'-in). A nondialyzable toxin
produced both in the cocci and in the culture-
mediums by gonococci.

gonyagra (gon-e-a'-grah). See gonagra.

gonyalgia (gon-e-al'-je-ah). See gonalgia.

gonybatia (gon-e-ba'-she-ah) [yow, knee; fialveiv,
to go]. Walking upon the knees; a symptom en-
countered in some paralytic and paretic cases.

gonycampsis (gon-e-kamp'-sis) [yow, knee; nanxpis,
curve]. Deformity of the knee by curvation.

gonyectyposis (gon-e-ek-ti-po'-sis) [yow, knee;
€KTvirucri.s, a squeezing out]. A bending of the knee
outwards; genu varunu

gonyocele (gon'-e-o-sel) [yow, knee; /07AJ7, tumor].
Same as gonyoncus.

gonyoncus {gon-e-ong'-kus) [yow, knee; oykos,
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the knee.

gonytyle (gon-e-ti'-le) [yow, knee; 7-6A17, pad]. A
prominent thickening of the skin upon the knee.

Goodell's law, G.'s sign [William Goodell, American
gynecologist, 1829-1894]. When the cervix uteri is as
hard as one's nose, pregnancy does not exist; when it
is as soft as one's lips, pregnancy is probable.

goose-flesh, g.-skin. Skin marked by prominence
about the hair-follicles. Syn., cutis anserina.

Gordinier's writing-center. An area in the cortex
cerebri for the educated movements necessary in
writing. It is at the posterior end of the medi-
frontal gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere in right-
handed people. m -

Gordon reflex or paradoxical reflex (gor-dun)
[Alfred Gordon, American neurologist, 1869- ].
Extension of great toe or all the toes when the deep
flexor muscles of leg are being compressed. Found
in disease of pyramidal tract anywhere between its
origin in the cortex cerebri and its termination at
the various levels of the spinal cord.

gorget (gor'-jet) [gurges, a chasm]. A channeled
instrument, similar to a grooved director, used in
lithotomy.

gorit {gor'-it). Trade name of a preparation of
calcium peroxide.

gorondou (go-ron'-doo). Same as goundou.

Gosselin's fracture (gos-lan) [Leon Athanase
Gosselin, French surgeon, 18 15-1887]. A V-shaped
fracture of the lower end of the tibia.

gossypiin (gos-ip'-e-in) [gossypium]. A precipitate
from a tincture of the root-bark of Gossypium her-
baceum, recommended as an emmenagogue and
diuretic. Dose, 1 to 5 grains.

Gossypium {gos-ip'-e-um) [L.]. The cotton-tree,
Gossypium herbaceum, and other species of Gossypium,
of the order Malvacece. gossypii cortex (U. S. P.),
cottonroot bark, is used as an emmenagogue, especi-
ally in the form of the fluidextract. Dose |-r dr.
(2-4 Cc). G. purificatum (U. S. P.), purified cotton;
absorbent cotton; cotton-wool; the hairs of the seed
of Gossypium herbaceum and of other species of
Gossypium, used as a dressing and as a substitute for
sponges in surgery; in pharmacy, as a filtering
medium, gossypii seminis, oleum (U. S. P.), cotton-
seed oil, is used in ointments. See also cotton.

gossypol (gos'-ip-ol). A crystalline compound
isolated from cotton-seed, allied to tannin.

gothic palate. An enormously high palatal arch.

Gottstein's basal process (got'-siln) [Jakob Gott-
stein, German otologist, 1832-1895]. The attenuated
process of an outer hair-cell connecting the latter
with the basilar membrane of Corti's organ.

gouge (gowj) [Ft.].. An instrument for cutting or
removing bone or other hard structures.

Goulard's cerate (goo-lar') [Thomas Goulard,
French physician, 1784- ]. A mixture of lead
subacetate, 20, and cerate of camphor, 80. G.'s
extract, an aqueous liquid containing lead acetate,
180; lead oxide, no; distilled water, 710. Syn.,
liquor plumbi subacetatis.

Gould's bowed-head sign (goold) [George Milbry
Gould, American ^ophthalmologist, 1848- ]. In
retinitis pigmentosa or other disease destroying the
peripheral portion of the retina the patient often bows
the head low to see the pavement, in order to bring
the image upon the functional portion of the retina.

Gouley's catheter (goo'-le) [John William Severin
Gouley, American surgeon, 1832- ]. A solid
curved, steel instrument, grooved on its inferior
aspect, for passing over a guide, through a stricture,
into the bladder.

goundou (goon'-doo) . An affection occurring among
the negroes of the western coast of Africa. It con-
sists of the growth of two bony, ovoid, symmetrical
tumors which arise at the root of the nose on each
side and which, by their growth, narrow the nasal
fossa? and interfere with vision.

Gouraud's disease (goo-ro) [Vincent Olivier
Gouraud, French Surgeon, 1 772-1 848]. Inguinal
hernia.

Gousset's symptoms of phrenic neuralgia. A
painful point, always present and well defined, to the
right of the fourth or fifth chondrosternal articula-
tion; it must not be confounded with the retrosternal
pain of chronic aortitis.

gout (gowt) [gutta, a drop]. A disease characterized
by a paroxysmal painful inflammation of the small
joints, particularly the great toe, accompanied by
the deposit of sodium urate. The attack usually
comes on at night, is attended by a dusky, glazed
swelling of the joint and agonizing pain, and disap-
pears with a sweat in the morning, to recur again at
night. In some cases gout presents an atypical
form, appearing as dyspepsia, bronchitis, or intestinal
catarrh; at times it produces pneumonia and inflam-
mation of the serous membranes. The cause of
gout is not definitely known, but is connected with
an excess of uric acid or urates in the blood. The
disease is most common injhigh livers, g., anomalous,
g., atypical, that marked by unusual symptoms or
at first affecting unusual parts of the body, g.,
asthenic, g., atonic, a chronic form marked by
enlargement of the joints and thickening and dis-
tention of the ligaments and tissues, g., edematous,
that in which the swelling is not attended with heat,
redness, or severe pain, g., latent, g., masked,
lithemia, a condition ascribed to a gouty diathesis,
but not presenting the typical symptoms of gout.
g., poor-man's, gout due to exposure, poor food, and
excess in the use of malt liquors, g., retrocedent.
1. That form that presents severe internal mani-
festations, without the customary arthritic symp-
toms. Syn., anomalous, misplaced, or wandering

GOUTY

399

GRANULATION

gout; arthritis aberrans; arthritis erratica. 2. Gout
which leaves the joints suddenly, to appear in the
brain, stomach, or other internal organ. Syn.,
abarticular, displaced, extraarticular, flying, metastatic,
migrating, recedent, retrograde, or transferred gout.
g., rheumatic. See arthritis, rheumatoid, g., topha-
ceous, a form marked by a deposit of sodium urate
on the joint-cartilages and the formation of bony or
cartilaginous growths around the ends of the bones.

gouty (gow'-te) [gout]. Pertaining to or of the
nature of gout. g. diathesis or habit, the peculiar
state of the body predisposing to gout. g. kidney,
a chronically contracted kidney due to gout.

Gowers' column (gow'-erz) [Sir William Richard
Gowers, English neurologist, 1845-1915]. The
ascending anterolateral tract of the spinal cord.
G.'s intermediate process, the lateral horn, a pro-
jection of the intermediate gray substance in the
dorsal region of the spinal cord. G.'s paraplegia, a
paraplegia due to vertebral caries. G.'s symptom,
intermittent and abrupt oscillations of the iris under
the influence of light, anterior probably to the total
loss of the reflex; it is occasionally seen in tabes
dorsalis. G.'s tract. Same as G.'s column.

Goyrand's hernia (gwar-ahn') [Jean Gaspard
Blaise Goyrand, French surgeon, 1803-1866]. In-
guinointerstitial hernia; incomplete inguinal hernia.

G. Ph. Abbreviation for German Pharmacopeia.

gr. Abbreviation of granum, grain; or grana,
grains.

Graafian follicles, G. vesicles (grah'-fe-an) [Reg-
nerus de Graaf, Dutch anatomist, 1641-1673].
Vesicular bodies found in the cortical layer of the
ovary, and each containing an ovum. G. oviduct.
See oviduct.

gracile (gras'-il) [L. gracilis]. Slender, slight or
delicate.

gracilis (gras'-il-is). See under muscle.

gradatim (gra-da'-tim) [L.]. Gradually.

gradatory (grad'-at-o-re) [graduate]. Adapted for
walking.

graduate (grad'-u-at) [gradus, a step]. To take a
degree from a college or university. Also, a person
on whom a degree has been conferred. Also, in
pharmacy, a glass vessel upon which the divisions
of liquid measure have been marked.

graduated (grad'-u-a-ted). Arranged in degrees or
steps, g. compress, a compress made of pieces
decreasing progressively in size, the apex or smallest
piece being applied to the focus of pressure.

(von) Graefe's disease (gra'-feh) [Friedrich Wil-
helm Ernst Albrecht von Graefe, German ophthal-
mologist, 1828-1870]. Progressive ophthalmoplegia.
v. G.'s knife, a narrow knife for the performance of
the operation for cataract, v. G.'s operation, for
cataract: extraction of the cataract through a scleral
incision, with iridectomy and laceration of the
capsule, v. G.'s sign, v. G.'s symptom, failure of
the upper lid to follow the eyeball in glancing down-
ward, elicited in exophthalmic goiter by having the
patient alternately rotate the eyes up and down,
v. G.'s spots, certain spots near the supraorbital
foramen, or over the vertebrae, which, when pressed
upon, cause a sudden relaxation of the spasm of the
eyelids in cases of blepharofacial spasm.

graft [ME., graffe, A small portion of skin, bone,
periosteum, nerve, etc., used to replace a defect in a
corresponding structure, g., autoplastic, a graft taken
from the patient's own body, g., heteroplastic, a graft
taken from a person other than the subject, g.,
homoplastic, an autoplastic graft, g., omental, a small
strip of omentum used to strengthen the line of suture
in enterorrhaphy. g., periosteal, one of periosteum to
cover denuded bone or to be placed where bone
has been removed to favor new formation, g., skin-,
a small portion of skin inserted upon a raw surface,
such as is produced by a burn, to assist in reproducing
the integument, g., sponge-, the insertion of a piece
of sponge into the tissues to act as a framework for
granulations.

graham bread (gra'-ham) [Silvester Graham, Eng-
lish dietitian, 1794-1851]- Brown bread; wheaten
bread made from unbolted flour.

Graham's law (gra'-ham) [Thomas Graham, Eng-
lish chemist, 1 805-1 869]. The rate of diffusion of
gases through porous membranes is in inverse ratio
to the square root of their density.

grain (gran) [granum, grain]. 1. Seed, as that of
the cereals. 2. A body resembling a seed, as a starch-
grain. 3. A small pill. 4. The unit of weight of

the troy and the avoirdupois system of weights.
See weights and measures, g.s of paradise, the
unripe fruit of Amomum melegueta and of A. granum-
paradisi, brought from West Africa. It is an aro-
matic stimulant and diuretic, useful in some cases
of neuralgia.

grainage (gran-ej). Weight expressed ingrains or
fractions of grains.

gram, gramme (gram) [ypkntia, inscription]. The
gravimetric unit of the metric system of weights
and measures, equivalent to the weight of a cubic
centimeter of distilled water at its maximum density.
See weights and measures.

Gram's method [Hans Christian Joachim Gram,
Danish physician, 1853- ]• A method for stain-
ing bacteria. The bacteria on the cover-glass or in
the section are stained first with Ehrlich's solution,
and then are treated with Gram's solution (iodine, 1;
potassium iodide, 2; water, 300), and then with
alcohol. Some bacteria give up the color when
washed with alcohol. G.'s solution. See under
G.'s method.

grammolecular (gram-mo-lek'-u-lar). Relating to
a grammolecule. g. solution, a solution in which a
grammolecule of the active chemical is contained in
each liter.

grammolecule (gram-mol'-e-kul). In a solution or
mixture, the molecular weight of the active chemical
expressed in grams. Syn., grammole; mol; mole.

gramnegative (gram-neg'-at-iv). Incapable of
staining by Gram's method.

grampositive (gram-pos'-it-iv). Capable of staining
by Gram's method.

granatonine (gran-at' -on-in) [granatum, the pome-
granate]. Pseudopelletierine.

granatum (gran-a'-tum). Pomegranate. The bark
of the stem and root of Punica granatum. The bark
contains punicotannic acid and mannite, but the
active principle is the alkaloid pelletierine, C9H13NO.
The chief use of pomegranate and its preparations
is as a teniacide. The decoction consists of 2 oz. of
bark in 2 pints of water, boiled down to a pint. See
also pelletierine. granati, fiuidextractum (U. S. P.),
fluidextract of pomegranate. Dose 30 min. (2 Cc).
Grancher's disease (grahn-sha') [Jacques Joseph
Grancher, French physician, 1843-1907]. A form of
pneumonia with splenization of the lung, the coagul-
able exudate filling not only the alveoli, but also the
larger bronchi. Syn., Desnos' pneumonia, pneumonie
pleuritique; splenopneumonie. G.'s sign, on aus-
cultation in pulmonary condensation the expiratory
murmur equals in pitch that of the inspiratory,
evidencing obstruction to expired air. G.'s triad,
the three symptoms characteristic of incipient pul-
monary tuberculosis: weakened vesicular murmur,
increased vocal fremitus, and Skodaic resonance.

grandeur, delirium of, or delusions of. Insane
exaltation of mind, with false opinions as to one's
own greatness and dignity.

grand mal (grong ma(h)l) [Ft. "great evil"]. A
term for fully-developed epilepsy; major epilepsy.
See petit mal.

Grandry's corpuscles. Minute ovoid or spherical
taste corpuscles found in the papilla? of the beak and
tongue of birds.

granula (gran'-ii-lah) [granum, a grain]. The
granules, cytoblasts, or microsomes of protoplasm.

granular (gran'-u-lar) [granule]. Made up of, or
containing, granules, g. layer. See under retina.
g. lids, trachoma, g. pharyngitis, pharyngitis
characterized by the presence of prominent follicles.
granulase (gran'-u-las) [granum]. An enzyme
found in cereals, converting starch into achroodextrin
and maltose.

granulated (gran'-u-la-ted) [granula, little grains].
Characterized by the presence of granulations or
granules.

granulation (gran-ii-la'-shun) [granule]. 1. A
capillary loop of blood-vessels surrounded by a group
of connective-tissue cells; also the process by which
these are formed. 2. The formation of new or
cicatricial tissue in the repair of wounds or ulcers,
the surface of which has a granular appearance;
also, any one of the elevated points of such a surface
or formation, g.s, erethistic, g.s, erethitic, an
acestoma in which severe pain and hemorrhage are
caused by slight irritation, g., exuberant, g., fun-
gous, an acestoma secreting thin, mucopurulent
matter due to local edema or to excessive formative
power, g. tissue, the material consisting of granu-

GRANULATIONES

400

GRAY

lations by which the repair of loss of substance or the
healing together of surfaces is brought about.

granulationes arachnoideales (gran-u-la-she-o'-nez
ar-ak-noyd-e-a'-lez) [L., arachnoideal granulations].
The Pacchionian bodies.

granule (gran'-ul) [granulum, a little grain]. A
small grain, body, or particle, as the granules of a
cell; also a small pill, g.s, alpha, g.s, beta, g.s,
delta, g.s, epsilon, g.s, gamma. See under color-
analysis, g.s, Altmann's. See Altmann's granules.
g.s, Bettelheim's. See hemokonia. g.-cell, any
one of a variety of round cells found in pathologically
softened brain-tissue, and densely filled with fat-
globules, g.s, chromophil. See Nissl's bodies.
g.s, Claude Bernard's, the granules in the secreting
cells of the pancreas, g.s, edematin, the micro-
somes forming the mass of the nuclear sap. They
have been identified with the "cyanophilous granules"
of the nucleus, g., elementary, irregular proto-
plasmic bodies in the blood smaller than ordinary
blood-corpuscles, g.s, interstitial, those occurring
in the sarcoplasm of striated muscle-fibers; they
consist of fat and probably also of lecithin, g.s,
leukocyte, the amphophil, basophil, eosinophil,
neutrophil, or oxyphil bodies observed in leukocytes.
Cf. color-analysis, g.s, lymph, lymph-corpuscles.
g.s, Malpighi's, Malpighian corpuscles, g.-mass,
a giant-cell, g.s, Neusser's. See Neusser's granules.
g.s, Nissl's. See Nissl's bodies, g.s, osseous, very
small granules of inorganic matter which are found
in the matrix of bone, g.s, Schultze's. See under
Schultze. g., seminal, any one of the solid particles
of the semen, consisting of round, granular cor- .
puscles. g.s, vitelline, g.s, yolk. See spheres,
vitelline, g.s, Zimmermann's. Same as Bizzozero's
blood-platelets, g.s, zymogen, g.s, zymogenous,
certain granules in the pancreatic cells supposed to
give origin to the pancreatic ferments.

granuliform (gran-u'-le-form) [granule; forma,
form]. Resembling small grains.

granulitis (gran-u-li'-tis) [granula, a little grain;
ins, inflammation]. Acute miliary tuberculosis.

granulocyte (gran'-u-lo-slt). A granular leukocyte.

granulofatty (gran-u-lo-fal'-e). Applied to cells in
tissue undergoing fatty degeneration, which contain
granules of fat. Syn., granuloadipose.

granuloma (gran-il-lo'-mah) [granule; 6p.a, a tumor].
A tumor or tumor-like nodule made up of granulation
tissue, g. annulare, a peculiar disease midway be-
tween inflammation and a neoplasm, characterized
by the formation of pale-red or violaceous red nodules
on the wrists, backs of the hands, and neck, which
develop slowly and form circles by confluence. The
lesions are firm; the mucous layer is enormously
thickened, g., infectious, that due to a specific
microorganism, as tubercle, gumma, etc. g. tricho-
phyticum, granuloma due to trichophyton, g.
tropicum, frambesia.

granuloplasm (gran'-il-lo-plazm) [granule; plasma,
something formed]. The granular protoplasmic
mass in the inner part of a cell.

granulose (gran'-ii-lds) [granule]. The material
that forms the inner and soluble portion of starch-
granules.

granum (gra'-num). See grain.

Granville's lotion (gran'-vil) [Augustus Bozzi
Granville, English physician, 1783-1871]. A com-
pound liniment of ammonia.

grape-cure (grap'-kur). A treatment of pulmonary
tuberculosis consisting in the ingestion of large
quantities of grapes.

grape-sugar. See glucose and dextrose.

graphic (graf-ik) [ypa<j>eiv, to write]. Relating to
writing or recording, or to the process of making
automatic tracings of phenomena, showing degree,
rhythm, etc.

graphite (graf'-ll) [see graphic]. Plumbago or
black-lead, an impure allotropic form of carbon.
It has been applied externally in skin diseases.

grapho- (graf-o-) [ypa<i>eiv, to write]. A prefix
meaning to write.

graphology (graf-ol'-o-je) [grapho-; X670J, science].
The study of the handwriting for the purpose of
diagnosing nerve disease.

graphomania (graf-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ypafij, writing;
navla, madness]. An insane desire to write.

graphomaniac (graf-o-ma'-ne-ak) [ypa<t>r), writ-
ing; navia, madness]. One affected with grapho-
mania.

graphomotor (graf-o-mo'-tor) [grapho-; mover e, to

move]. Relating to graphic movements or to the
movements concerned in writing.

graphorrhea (graf-or-e'-ah) [grapho-; t>ola, flow].
An intermittent condition in certain forms of in-
sanity, marked by an uncontrollable desire to cover
pages with usually unconnected and meaningless
words.

graphoscope ' (graf'-o-skop) [grapho-; oKowelv, to
view]. A convex lens devised for the treatment
of asthenopia and progressive myopia.

graphospasm (graf'-o-spazm) [grapho-; <nraa/x6s,
spasm]. Writers' cramp.

Grashey's aphasia. Aphasia due to diminished
duration of sensory impressions, with consequent
disturbance of perception and association; it is seen
in concussion of the brain and in certain acute
diseases.

Grasset-Rauzier's type of syringomyelia. A form
with marked sudoral and vasomotor symptoms.

grating (gra'-ting) [French, gratter, to scratch]. 1.
A frame or screen composed of bars. 2. A sound
produced by the friction of very rough surfaces against
each other. 3. A glass ruled with exceedingly fine
parallel lines to produce chromatic dispersion in the
rays of light reflected from it.

Gratiolet's optic radiation (gras-e-o-la') [Louis
Pierre Gratiolet, French anatomist, 1815-1865].
Fibers that pass from the optic center in the occipital
lobe to the pulvinar and external geniculate body.
Syn., Gratiolet's fibers.

gratiolin (gra-ti'-o-lin), C20H34O7. A crystalline,
bitter glucoside from Gratiola officinalis. It was
formerly used as a hydragogue.

grattage (grat-ahzh) [Fr.]. A method of removing
morbid growths, as polypi or trachomatous granu-
lations, by rubbing with a harsh sponge or brush.

gravative (grav'-ah-tiv) [gravis, heavy]. Attended
by a sense of weight; said of the pressure-pains of
tumors.

grave (grav). 1. Serious, severe, dangerous. 2.
An excavation in the earth for burying the dead.
g.-wax. See adipocere.

gravedo (grav-e'-do) . [L.]. 1. Muscular rheuma-
tism of the head. 2. Coryza.

gravel {grav' -I) A granular, sand-like material form-
ing the substance of urinary calculi, and often passed
with the urine in the form of detritus.

graveolent (grav'-e-o-lent) [gravis, heavy; olere, to
smell]. Having a strong, unpleasant odor; fetid.

Graves' disease (gravz) [Robert James Graves,
Irish physician, 1797-1853]. See goiter, exophthalmic.
G.'s sign, an increase of the systolic impulse often
noted in the beginning of pericarditis.

gravid (grav' -id) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnant.
g. uterus, the uterus during pregnancy.

gravida (grav'-id-ah) [gravid]. A pregnant woman.

gravidin (grav'-id-in). See kyestein.

gravidism, or gravidity (grav'-id-izm, or grav-id'-
it-e) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnancy, or the totality
of symptoms presented by a pregnant woman.

gravidocardiac (grav-id-o-kar'-de-ak) [gravid; car-
diac] . Relating to cardiac disorders due to pregnancy.

gravimeter (grav-im'-et-er) [gravis, heavy; fikrpov,
measure]. An instrument used in determining speci-
fic gravities; especially a hydrometer, aerometer, or
urinometer. _

gravimetric (grav-e-met'-rik) [gravis, heavy; p.krpov,
a measure]. Pertaining to measurement by weight.
g. analysis. See analysis, gravimetric.

gravistatic (grav-is-tat'-ik) [gravis; gtoltikos, causing
to stand]. Due to gravitation; applied to a form of
congestion.

gravitation (grav-it-a'-shun). The force by which
bodies are drawn to the earth's center.

gravity (grav'-it-e) [gravis]. Weight, g., specific,
the measured weight of a substance compared with
that of an equal volume of another taken as a stand-
ard. For gaseous fluids, hydrogen is taken as the
standard; for liquids and solids, distilled water at its
maximum density.

Grawitz's granules (grah'-vits) [Paul Grawitz,
German pathologist, 1850- ]. Minute granules,
staining readily with basic dyes, seen in red blood-
cells in certain pathological conditions. G.'s tumor,
hypernephroma; a lipmatoid tumor of the kidney
having its origin in aberrant masses of suprarenal
tissue, and situated immediately beneath the renal
capsule.

gray (gra) [AS., gra>g]. The color obtained by
mixing white and black, g. atrophy, g. degeneration.

GREASE

401

GROOVE

See degeneration, g. hepatization. See hepatization,
gray. g. matter, that forming the outer part of the
brain and the inner part of the cord, containing the
specialized cells of these parts, g. oil, mercurial
liquid used in syphilis, g. powder. See mercury
with chalk, g. soap. See soap. g. softening, an
inflammatory softening of the brain or cord with a
gray discoloration, g. substance. See g. matter.

grease (gres). Soft or oily animal fat. In farri-
ery, a swelling and inflammation in a horse's leg,
with excretion of oily matter and the formation of
cracks in the skin, g.-trap, a contrivance employed
to prevent clogging of waste-pipes, as well as to
save the grease, which has considerable commercial
value. ,

green {grin) [ME., grene]. Of the color of grass,
obtained by mixing yellow and blue, g.-blindness,
a variety of color-blindness in which green is not
distinguished, g., Paris-, copper acetoarsenite.
g., Scheele's, copper arsenite. g., Schweinfurt.
Synonym of g., Paris-.

Greene's sign (gren). In percussion of the free
cardiac border during full inspiration and again
during forced inspiration, the patient either standing
or sitting, it will be noticed that the border is dis-
placed outward by the expiratory movement in cases
of pleuritic effusion.

Greenhow's cholera-mixture (gren'-how) [Thomas
Michael Greenhow, English physician, 1791-1881].
A mixture containing guaiacum, cloves, cinnamon,
each 1 ounce; brandy, 2 pints.

Greenhow's disease (gren-'how) [Edward Headlam
Greenhow, English physician, 1814-1888]. Vaga-
bond's disease.

greensickness (gren'-sik-nes). Chlorosis.
green softening. Purulent softening of nervous
matter.

greenstick fracture. See fracture, greenstick.
green vitriol. Ferrous sulphate.
greffotome (gref'-o-tom) [Ft., greffe, graft; TOfirj, a
cutting]. A knife used in cutting slips for surgical
grafting.

Gregarina (greg-ar-i'-nah) [grex, a herd]. A genus
of Protozoa.

gregarinosis (greg-ar-in-o'-sis) [grex, a herd; vbaos,
disease]. A morbid condition due to infestation by
Gregarince.

Gregory's powder (greg'-or-e) [James Gregory,
Scotch physician, 1753-1821]. Compound powder
of rhubarb, consisting of rhubarb, 2 oz.; light mag-
nesia, 6 oz.; ginger, 1 oz.

Grehant's method for determining urea in blood
and tissues. It makes use of a solution of mercury,
1 Gm., in 10 Cc. of pure nitric acid, for decomposing
the urea; the CO2 and N are liberated, enabling one
to estimate the urea.

gressorial (gres-o'-re-al) [gressus, -participle of gradi,
to walk]. In biology, adapted for walking; gradient.
Griesinger's disease (gre'-zing-er) [Wilhelm Gries-
inger, German neurologist, 1817-1868]. A form of
pernicious anemia connected with the presence of
Dochmius duodenalis in the intestinal tract. Un-
cinariasis. G.'s sign. 1. An edematous swelling
behind the mastoid process in thrombosis of the
transverse sinus. 2. In thrombosis of the basilar
artery, compression of the carotids produces symp-
toms of cerebral anemia (pallor, syncope, convul-
sions). This sign is of doubtful value, as it may
also be caused by disturbances of the cerebral
circulation resulting from cardiac and vascular lesions
(especially arteriosclerosis) .

Griess' red paper (gres). Paper charged with
sulphanilic acid and naphthylamine sulphate, used
in testing for nitrous acid, nitrites, bilirubin, and
aldehyde. G.'s test for nitrous acid, an intense
yellow color is produced by the addition of a solution
of metadiamidobenzol to a dilute solution containing
nitrous acid previously acidified with a few drops of
sulphuric acid. G.'s yellow paper, paper charged
with sulphanilic acid and metadiamidobenzene;
used as a sensitive test for nitrites.

Griffith's mixture (grif'-fith) [Robert Eglesfield
Griffith, American physician, 1798-1850]. A mixture
of iron sulphate, 6; myrrh, 18; sugar, 18; potassium
carbonate, 8; lavender, 50; rose-water, 900.

Grigg's test for proteins. A precipitate is formed
with all proteins except peptones on adding a solution
of metaphosphoric acid.

Grinbert's test for urobilin. Boil together equal
parts of urine and hydrochloric acid and shake with

ether. In the presence of urobilin the ether assumes
a brownish-red color with a greenish fluorescence.

grindelia (grin-de'-le-ah) [H. Grindel, German
botanist, 1776-1836]. The leaves and flowering
tops of G. robusta, wild sunflower or gum-plant, and
G. squarrosa. g., fluidextract of {fluidextr actum
grindelia, U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). It is
used in asthma, bronchitis, and whooping-cough,
and locally in rhus-poisoning.

grindeline (grin' -del-en) . An alkaloid reported to
exist in Grindelia robusta.

grinder (grin'-der) [AS., grindan, to grind]. A
molar tooth.

grinders' asthma. A fibroid pneumonia, a chronic
affection of the lungs resulting from the inspiration of
metallic or silicious dust.

grip, la grippe (grip, lah grip). See influenza. .
gripe (grip) [ME., gripen, to seize]. 1. To suffer
griping pain. 2. A spasmodic pain in the bowel.
g., cutting on the, an old method of operating for
vesical calculus by cutting down directly on the
stone in the perineum after having forced it down with
the fingers inserted in the rectum, g.-stick, a
tourniauet

gripes (grips) [see gripe]. Colic; tormina.
grippal (grip'-al). Pertaining to influenza.
grippotoxin (grip-o-toks'-in) . A name for the toxin
elaborated by Bacillus influenza.

griserin (gris'-er-in). Trade name of a mixture of
loretin with alkalies.

Grisolle's sign (gre-zoV) [Augustin Grisolle, French
physician, 1811-1869]. The early eruption of small-
pox is distinguished from that of measles by the fact
that the papules remain distinct to the touch even
when the skin is tightly stretched.

gristle (gris'-l) [AS., gristel]. Cartilage.
Gritti's. operation (gre'-te) [Rocco Gritti, Italian
surgeon]. (For amputation above the knee-joint).
The patella is preserved in a long anterior flap, and,
having had a thin slice removed from its deep surface,
is secured in apposition with the femur, the latter
having been deprived of its articular surface by being
sawn through the condyles.

groan (gron). To utter a low, moaning sound,
as when in pain. The sound so uttered.

Grocco's sign (grok'-o) [Pietro Grocco, Italian physi-
cian]. A paravertebral triangle of dulness in pleural
effusion on the side opposite to that of the effusion.
grocers' itch. A peculiar psoriasis or eczema of the
hands due to irritation from flour, sugar, etc.

groin [Icel., grein, a branch or arm]. The de-
pression between the abdomen and thigh.

groove (groov) [D., groef]. A furrow or channel.
See also furrow, g., alveolingual, one between the
tongue and the lower jaw. g., bicipital, the deep
groove on the anterior surface of the humerus,
separating the greater and lesser tuberosities and
containing the long tendon of the biceps, g.,
cavernous, a broad groove on the superior surface
of the sphenoid bone lodging the internal carotid
artery and the cavernous sinus, g., dorsal, the
medullary groove, g., mastoid, the digastric fossa.
g., medullary, a long shallow furrow that appears
along the dorsal line of the neural tube of the em-
bryo, g., musculospiral, one on the external aspect
of the humerus which lodges the musculospiral
nerve and the superior profunda vessels, g., neural,
the medullary groove, g., obturator, the furrow
at the superior and external border of the obturator
foramen lodging the subpubic vessels and nerves
when they emerge from the pelvic cavity, g.,
peroneal, one on the external aspect of the os calcis
lodging the tendon of the peroneus longus. g.,
pterygopalatal, g., pterygopalatine. 1. One in the
ventral aspect of the pterygoid process of the sphe-
noid. 2. A furrow on the vertical part of the palate
bone, g., radial. See g., musculospiral. g., scapu-
lar, the scapular notch, g., Schmorl's, that resulting
from emphysematous inflation of those portions of
the lungs which lie between the ribs, g., sigmoid.
See g., cavernous, g., sternal, one lying between
the sternum and the pectoral muscles, g., subcostal,
a deep furrow lying along the lower border and
inner surface of a rib for lodgment of the intercostal
vessels and nerves, g. of Sylvius, the fissure of
Sylvius, g., ventricular, two furrows, one on the
anterior, one on the posterior, surface of the heart;
they indicate the interventricular septum, g.,
Verga's lacrimal, a groove extending downward from
the lower orifice of the nasal duct.

GROSS

402

GUAIACYL

gross (gros) [Fr., gros, great]. Coarse; large.
g. anatomy. See anatomy, gross, g. appearance,
appearance of tissue as seen without a microscope.
g. lesion, a lesion-perceptible to the eye.

Gross' disease. See Physick's encysted rectum.
ground (grownd) The bottom; soil; earth, g.-bun-
dle, the principal bundle fo nerve-fibers in a group,
as the ground-bundle of the ventral and lateral
columns of the spinal cord, g.-bundle, anterior, of
Flechsig, that portion of the anterior column outside
of the direct pyramidal tracts and running through-
out the entire length of the cord; it is made up
of fibers having a short course, g.-bundle, posterior,
of Flechsig, Burdach's column, g.-itch. See itch-
coolie, g. nut, a peanut, the fruit of Arachis hypogcea.
group-reaction (grup-re-ak'-shun). A reaction
with an antibody which is characteristic of a whole
group of bacteria.

Grove cell [Sir William Robert Grove, English
physicist, 1811-1896]. A two-fluid battery cell, the
fluids being dilute sulphuric and nitric acids, and the
metal immersed in them respectively zinc and plati-
num.

growing-pains (gro'-ing). A term applied to pains
in the limbs occurring during youth, and probably of
rheumatic origin.

growth (groth). 1. The augmentation of the body
that takes place between infancy and adult age.
Also, the increase of any part of the body by addition
to the number of its cellular elements, without the
production of structural abnormality or differentia-
tion into unlike tissues. 2. Any tumor or adventi-
tious structure.
grub. See comedo.

Gruber's bursa (gru'-ber) [1. Wenceslaus Leopold
Gruber, Russian anatomist, 18 14-1890; 2. Josef
Gruber, Austrian otologist, 1 827-1900; 3. Max
Gruber, German bacteriologist, 1853- ]. [1.]. The
synovial cavity of the tarsal sinus. G.'s reaction,
[3.]. The addition of some of the culture of Spirillum
cholerce asiaticce to the serum of an animal rendered
immune to cholera causes these organisms to become
nonmotile and to agglutinate. The reaction does
not occur with other species. G.'s test for hearing,
[2.]. If the end of the finger is inserted into the ear
after the sound of a vibrating tuning-fork held before
the ear has completely ceased, and the tuning-fork
is then firmly placed upon' the finger, a weakened
sound becomes again audible, and remains so for
some time.

Gruber-Widal's reaction. See Widal's reaction.
Gruby's disease (groo'-be) [David Gruby, Hun-
garian physician, 1810-1898]. Alopecia areata.

gruel (gru'-el) [dim. of grutum, meal]. A decoction
of corn-meal or oat-meal boiled in water to a thick
paste.

gruff (gruf). Any crude drug; also the coarse
part of a drug that will not pass through a sieve;
the term is used also adjectively, as gruff sulphur or
saltpeter.

grume (groom) [grumus, a little heap]. A clot, as
of blood; a thick and viscid fluid.

grumous (gru'-mus) [grumus, a little heap].
Clotted; consisting of lumps.
grutum (gru'-tum). See milium.
Grynfelt's triangle. A triangular space bounded
above by the twelfth rib and the lower border of the
serratus posticus inferior, behind by the anterior
border of the quadratus lumborum, and anteriorly
by the posterior border of the internal oblique.
Lumbar hernia may occur in this space.

gryochrome (gri'-o-krom) [ypv, a morsel; xp&pa,
color]. A somatochrome nerve-cell the stainable
portion of which consists of minute granules which
tend to form threads or heaps.

gryposis (gri-po'-sis) [ypvirwais, curvature]. Curv-
ature; abnormal curvature of the nails. See arthro-
gryposis and onychogryposis.

gt. Abbreviation of gutta, drop,
gtt. Abbreviation of guttce, drops.
guacamphol (gwah-kam-foV) . See guaiacamphol.
guacetin (gwas'-et-in). See guaiacelin.
guachamaca (gwa-shaw-maw'-kah). The bark of
an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera, or Malouetia
nitida, furnishes a virulent arrow-poison, somewhat
resembling curara; it has been employed in tetanus
and hydrophobia.

guacin (gwaw'-sin) [guaco]. A bitter resin from
guaco; it is diaphoretic, stimulant, and emetic.

guaco (gwah'-ko). The Mikania guaco and other

species of Mikania and Aristolochia, used in South
America for snake-bites; it has been employed in
rheumatism, gout, and in various skin diseases.
Dose of a watery extract 3 min. (0.19 Cc).

guaconization (gwah-kon-i-za'-shun). Poisoning
and paralysis of the sensory nerve-centers from
ingestion of guaco, Aristolochia cymbifera.

guaethol (gwa-eth'-ol). Guaiacol ethyl, CeEUOCa-
H5OH. It resembles guaiacol in therapeutic action.
Dose 2-4 gr. (0.1-0.25 Gm.). Application, 15 %
ointment. Syn., Ajacol; Pyrocatechin-monoethyl
ether; Thanatol.

guaiac, guaiacum (gwi'-ak, -urn). The resin
(guaiacum, U. S. P.) of the wood (guaiaci lignum)
of G. officinale #and G. sanctum. It contains guaiacic
acid, C12H16O15, guaiac-yellow, guaiacene, CsHsO,
guaiacol, and pyroguaiacin. It is alterative, expec-
torant, and diaphoretic. It is used in syphilis,
chronic rheumatism, and gout, g., tincture of
(tinctura guaiaci, U. S. P.), a solution of the resin in
alcohol. Dose |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). g., tincture of,
ammoniated (tinctura guaiaci ammoniata, U. S. P.),
a solution of the resin in aromatic spirit of ammonia.
This tincture is the preferred one for the administra-
tion of guaiac. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).

guaiacamphol (gwi-ah-kam'-fol). The camphoric
acid ester of guaiacol; employed in treatment of
night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-
0.5 Gm.).

guaiacene (gwi'-as-en), CsHsO. An oily crystalliz-
able liquid boiling at 1180 C, with odor of bitter
almonds, obtained from guaiac resin by dry distil-
lation.

guaiacetin (gwi-as'-et-in). Pyrocatechin-mono-
acetate, CeH4 . OH . OCH2COOH. It is used like
guaiacol in tuberculosis. Dose 7§ gr. (0.5 Gm.)
3 times daily and reduced in 3 weeks to i\ gr. (0.5
Gm.) daily.

guaiacocaine (gwi-ah-ko-ka'-in). An anesthetic
mixture of cocaine and guaiacol used in dentistry.

guaiacol (gwi'-ak-ol) [S.A.], €?H802. Methyl-
pyrocatechin, a substance obtained from beechwood
creosote and also, synthetically, from pyrocatechin
and methylsulphuric acid. It is used as a substitute
for creosote in tuberculosis in doses of 3-5 min.
(0.19-0.32 Cc); externally it has been employed
as an antipyretic, 20-40 min. (1.25-2.5 C,c.) being
painted on the skin. Syn., methylcatechol. g.-
benzylester, CeHKOCHs . OCH? .CeHs, a local anes-
thetic. Syn., brenzcain. g. biniodide, C7H5I2O2, is
alterative and antituberculous. Dose 2 min. (0.12
Cc.) 3 times daily, g. cacodylate, a stable prepara-
tion recommended in tuberculosis. Dose \-2 gr.
(0.032-0.13 Gm.). Syn., cacodiacol; cacodyliacol.
g. carbonate (guaiacolis carbonas, U. S. P.), (C7H70)2-
CO3, used in tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52
Gm.) 3 times daily and gradually increased to 90 gr.
(6 Gm.) daily. Syn., duotal. g. cinnamate. See
styracol. g. ethyl. See guaethol. g. ethylenate,
CHsO . C6H4O-C2H46O . C6H4OCH3, a guaiacol ethy-
lene ester, used in tuberculosis. Dose 8-15 gr.
(0.5-1.0 Gm.) twice daily. Syn., ethylene guaiacol.
g.-glycerylester. See guaiamar. g. oleate, a reac-
tion-product of oleic acid, guaiacol, and phosphorus
trichloride ; it is antiseptic and antituberculous. Dose
5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc.) 3 times daily in capsules.
Syn., oleoguaiacol. g.-phosphal, g. phosphite,
P(OCeH40CH3)3, used in tuberculosis. Dose 15-
30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily, g. phosphate, (CeHiOCHs^-
PO4, obtained from guaiacol dissolved in soda solution
with addition of phosphorus oxychloride; used in
fever of tuberculosis. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.) every
3 or 4 hours, g. salicylate, g.-salol, C14H12O4, is an
intestinal antiseptic and is employed in phthisis,
dysentery, rheumatism, etc. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.)
several times daily; maximum dose 150 gr. (10 Gm.)
a day. g. succinate, (CeH40CH3)2C4H404, obtained
from a mixture of guaiacol and succinic acid with
phosphorus oxychloride. Dose 2 min. (0.12 Cc.)
3 times daily in tuberculosis, g. valerate, g. valeri-
anate, an oily liquid used in pulmonary affections
and for hypodermatic injection in tuberculous joints.
Dose 3-9 gr. (0.2-0.6 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., geosote.
guaiacolate (gwi-ak'-ol-at). A combination of
guaiacol with a base.

guaiacyl (gwi'-as-il), C7H7O2SO3. The calcium
salt of a sulphocompound of guaiacol; used as a
local anesthetic injected in quantities of 8-25 gr.
(0.5-1.5 Gm.) of a 5 % solution or 15 gr. (1 Gm.)
of a 10 % solution.

GUAIAMAR

403

GUMMATOUS

guaiamar (gwi'-am-ar), C6H4 . OC3H7O2 . OCH3,
guaiacolglycerylester; employed in tuberculosis and
as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.33-
1.33 Gm.) before meals. It is also applied in arthritis.

guaiaperol (gwi-ap'-er-ol). See piperidin guaiaco-
ate.

guaiaquin (gwi'-ah-kwin), (CeH402CH3HS03)2C22-
H24N2O2, the guaiacol bisulphonate of quinine;
it is used in malaria, typhoid fever, anemia, etc.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn.,
quinine guaiacol bisulphonate.

guaiaquinol {gwi-ah' -kwin-ol) . Quinine dibromo-
guaiacolate.

guaiasanol (gwi-as' -an-ol) . See diethyl-glycocoll-
guaiacol hydrochloride.

guanase (gwan'-as). An enzyme found in the
pancreas, thymus and adrenals; it converts guanin
into xanthin.

guanidin (gwan'-id-in), CN3H5. Carbondiamidi-
mide; a monacid base forming colorless crystals.
See uramin.

guanine (gwah'-nin) [see guano], C5H5N5O. A
leukomaine found in the pancreas, liver, and in
muscle-extract as a decomposition-product of nuclein.
It also occurs in guano, and is nonpoisonous. See
Capranica.

guano (gwah'-no) [Peruvian huanu, dung]. The ex-
crement of sea-fowl found on certain islands in the
Pacific Ocean. It contains guanin and alkaline
urates and phosphates, and is used externally in
certain skin diseases.

guarana (gwah-rah'-nah) [Braz.]. A dried paste
prepared from the seeds of Paullinia cupana, found
in Brazil. It contains an alkaloid, guaranine,
CSH10N4O2 . H2O, nearly identical with caffeine. It is
employed in nervous sick-headaches. Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Gm.); of guaranine 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.19 Gm.).
g., fluidextract of (fluidextractum guarana, U. S. P.).
Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc).

guaranine (gwah-rah'-nen). An alkaloid, derived
from guarana, nearly identical with caffeine. Dose,
1-2 gr. (0.06-0.12 gm.).

guard (gard) [garder, to keep]. An appliance on
a knife to prevent too deep incision, g.-cell, in
biology, one of the two semilunar epidermal cells,
inclosing the opening of a stoma in plants.

Guarnieri's vaccine-bodies (gwar-ne-er'-e) [Giu-
seppi Guarnieri, Italian physician]. See cytoryctes.

guavacine (gwah'-vas-en), C6H9NO2. An alkaloid
forming colorless crystals soluble in water, obtained
from areca-nut, Areca catechu. It is used as an
anthelmintic.

gubernaculum (gu-ber-nak'-u-lum) [L., "a rudder"].
A guiding structure, g. dentis, a bundle of fibrous
tissue connecting the tooth-sac of a permanent
tooth with the gum. g., Hunter's, g. hunteri. See
g. testis, g. testis, the cord attached above to the
lower end of the epididymis, below to the bottom
of the scrotum, and governing the descent of the
testes.

Gubler's hemiplegia (goob'-ler) [Adolphe Marie
Gubler, French physician, 1821-1879]. Hemiplegia
of the extremities with crossed paralysis of the
cranial motor nerves, especially the facial. G.'s line,
an imaginary line connecting the superficial points of
origin of the trifacial nerves on the lower surface of
the pons. A lesion of the pons below this line causes
crossed paralysis. G.'s tumor, a distention of the
synovial sheaths on the dorsum of the hand in
palsies of the antibrachial type, and particularly in
lead palsy.

(von) Gudden's inferior commissure {good' -en)
[Bernhard Aloys von Gudden, German neurologist,
1824-1886]. Fibers of the optic tract which come
from the internal geniculate body and cross in the
posterior portion of the chiasma to the opposite
tract, v. G.'s ganglion, the interpeduncular ganglion,
a collection of nerve-cells just above the pons and
in the median line. v. G.'s hemispherical bundle,
one in the optic tract passing over to the most lateral
portion of the base of the peduncle and thence to
the cerebral hemisphere, v. G.'s law, the proximal
end of a divided nerve undergoes cellulipetal degenera-
tion, v. G.'s tractus peduncularis transversus, the
cimbia, a fasciculus passing from the pregeminum
and postgeniculum over the cms cerebri to the
oculomotor sulcus.

Gueneau de Mussey's point. See under Mussey.

Guenz's ligament (guents) [Justus Gottfried Guenz,
German anatomist, 1714-1784]. The ligamentous

fibers of the obturator membrane which form the
upper and inner wall of the canal transmitting the
obturator vessels and nerves.

Guenzburg's test for free hydrochloric acid in
gastric juice (guents' -boor g) [Alfred Guenzburg,
German physician]. Two drops of a solution con-
sisting of phloroglucin, 2 Gm.; vanillin, 1 Gm.;
alcohol, 30 Cc, mixed with 2 drops of filtered gastric
juice, are carefully heated in a porcelain capsule.
The presence of free HC1 is indicated by the appear-
ance of a bright-red color; if absent, the color will be
brown or brownish-red.

Guerin's fold (ga'-ran) [Alphonse Frangois Marie
Guirin, French surgeon, 1816-1895]. Same as G.'s
valve. G.'s glands. See Skene's glands. G.'s sinus,
the lacuna magna, situated in the mesial line of the
upper wall of the urethra, near the external meatus.
G.'s valve, a fold of mucous membrane bounding
Guerin's sinus.

guethol (gwe'-thol). An oily liquid allied to guaia-
col; analgesic.

guha (goo'-ah) . A form of bronchial asthma, found
in the island of Guam, where it is said to be epidemic.

Guidi's canal. See Vidian canal.

guillotine (gil-o-ten) [Fr.]. A surgical instrument
for excision of the tonsils or growths in the larynx,
etc.

Guinea-worm. Filaria medinensis, a nematode
worm of the tropics, occasionally parasitic in human
tissues. G. disease, a disease caused by the presence
of Filaria medinensis in the subcutaneous cellular
tissue of various parts of the body, particularly, the
feet and legs.

Guinon's disease (ge'-non(g)) [Georges Guinon,
French physician, 1859- ]. Tic de Guinon.
See Tourette's (Gilles de la) disease.

guipsine (gip'-sen). A proprietary preparation
of mistletoe (viscus album) ; used in arteriosclerosis.

guja (goo' -hah). A form of epidemic spasmodic
bronchial asthma; it occurs in Guam and neighbor-
ing islands.

gujasanol (gu-j as' -an-ol). See diethyl glycocoll-
guaiacol hydrochloride.

gula (gu'-lah) [L.: pi., gula]. The gullet; the
neck and throat, or the pharynx and esophagus.

gulancha (goo-Ian' -kah) [E. Ind.]. The plant,
Tinospora cordifolia, of India. Its stems and roots
are diuretic, tonic, and antiperiodic.

gular (gu'-lar) [gula, the gullet]. Pertaining to
the throat, pharynx, or gula.

Gull's disease [Sir William Withey Gull, English
physician, 1816-1890]. Myxedema.

Gull's renal epistaxis. Essential renal hematuria,
or renal hemophilia.

gullet (gul'-et). See esophagus.

Gullstrand's law (gul' -strand). When the corneal
reflex from either of the eyes of the patient, who is
made to turn the head while fixing some distant ob-
ject, moves in the direction in which the head is
turning, it moves toward the weaker muscle.

Gull-Sutton's disease [Gull; Sir John Bland
Sutton, English surgeon]. Arteriocapillary fibrosis;
diffuse arteriosclerosis.

Gull-Toynbee's law. In otitis media the cere-
bellum and lateral sinus are likely to become involved
by mastoid disease, while the cerebrum is threatened
by caries of the roof of the tympanum.

gum [gummi, gum]. 1. A concrete vegetable juice
exuded from many plants. When treated with
nitric acid it yields mucic acid. Gums are either
entirely soluble in water or swell up in it into a viscid
mass. Various names are given to gums, usually
indicating the place whence exported. 2. The
gingiva, g., acacia, gum from Acacia Senegal.
g.-Arabic. See acacia, g. bassora, a Persian gum
said to be from plum and almond trees, g., Benja-
min-. See benzoin. _ g., blue. Synonym of Eucalyp-
tus globulus, g.-boil, an abscess of the jaw; parulis.
g., British, dextrin, g.-resin, a concrete vegetable
juice, g., spongy, interstitial infiltration and
thickening of the gums with dilation of the capil-
laries, due to scurvy or analogous conditions, g.
tragacanth. See tragacanth.

gumma (gum' -ah) [gum: pi., gummata}. The
gummy tumor characterizing the tertiary stage of
syphilis. It consists of granulation tissue, with
giant-cells, and is the seat of a peculiar degeneration
which causes the gummy appearance.

gummatous (gum'-at-us) [gumma]. Of the nature
of or affected with gumma.

GUM MI

404

GYNOCYANAURIDZARIN

gum mi (gum' -mi). Latin for gum (i).

gummide (gum' -Id). Any compound which yields
glucose on decomposition with acids or alkalies.

gummose (gum' -6s). A sugar, C6H12O6. Obtained
from animal gum.

gummy (gum'-e). 1. Gummatous. 2. Resemb-
ling gum.

gums (gumz). See gingiva.

guncotton (gun'-kot-n). See pyroxylin.

gunjah (gun'-jah). The official part of Indian
hemp, consisting of the dried flowering- tops of the
female plant, from which the rosin has not been
removed. Syn., ganjah.

Gunning's test for acetone. Add to the liquid
to be tested tincture of iodine or Lugol's solution, and
then ammonia until a black precipitate is formed.
This gradually disappears, leaving a sediment of
iodoform.

Gunn's dots. Brilliant white dots seen, on oblique
illumination, about the macula lutea; they do not
seem to be pathologic.

gunstock deformity. One caused by fracture of
either condyle of the humerus, in which the long
axis of the fully extended forearm deviates outwardly
from that of the arm.

gurgling [Dan., gurgle, gargle]. The peculiar
sound caused by the passage of gas through a liquid.
It is observed upon palpation of the abdomen in
enteric fever and other conditions in which the bowel
is distended with gas and contains liquid, g. rale,
a sound heard over the chest when the bronchi or
pulmonary cavities contain fluid.

gurjun balsam (ger'-jun). An oleoresin obtained
from several species of Dipterocarpus, trees native
to southern Asia. It is similar to copaiba, but more
decided in therapeutic effects, and is less unpleasant.
It is used as an expectorant, and in leprosy and
gonorrhea. Dose 15-40 min. (1.0-2.6 Cc). Syn.,
balsamum dipterocarpi ; wood-oil.

guru (goo'-roo). Same as kola.

gustation (gus-ta'-shun) [gustare, to taste]. The
sense of taste; the act of tasting.

gustatory (gus'-ta-to-re) [gustare, to taste]. Per-
taining to the special sense of taste and its organs.
g. bud, a taste-bud. g. cell, a spindle-cell from the
interior of a taste-bud. g. nerve. See nervt.

gut [ME.]. The intestine. See also catgut.
g., blind, the cecum.

Guthrie's muscle (guth'-re) [George James Guthrie,
English surgeon, 1785-1856]. The deep transversus
perinaei muscle; origin, ramus of pubes; insertion,
fellow muscle; innervation, perineal; it compresses
the membranous urethra.

gutta (gut' -ah) [L.]. A drop. g. rosacea, acne
rosacea, g. serena, amaurosis.

guttapercha (gut-ah-per'-cha) [Malayan gutta,
gum; pertja, the tree furnishing the gum1. The
concrete juice of Dichopsis gutta and other species
of the natural order Sapotacecz. It is used to make
splints, as a dressing for wounds, and as a vehicle
for caustic substances.

guttate (gut' -at) [gutta, a drop]. In biology,
spotted as if by drops of something colored.

guttatim (gut-a'-tim) [L.]. Drop by drop.

guttiform (gut'-e-form) [gutta; forma, form]. Drop-
shaped.

Guttmann's sign (goot'-mahn) [Paul Guttmann,
German physician, 1834-1893]- A thrill heard over
the thyroid in exophthalmic goiter.

guttur (gut'-er) [L.]. The throat.

guttural (gut'-er-al) [guttur]. Pertaining to the
throat.

gutturotetany (gut-er-o-tet'-an-e) [guttur; tetanus].
A form of stuttering in which the pronunciation of
such sounds as g, k, q, is difficult.

Gutzeit's test for arsenic (goot'-slt). Place a piece
of zinc in a test tube with 5 cc. of diluted sulphuric
acid; to this is added 1 cc. of the suspected liquid; a
piece of filter paper moistened with an acid solution
of silver nitrate becomes bright yellow in the vapor
from the above if arsenic is present.

Guy's pill (gi) [William Augustus Guy, English
physician, 1819-1900]. A pill composed of 1 grain
each of powdered digitalis leaves, powdered squill,
and mercury pill.

Guye's sign. Aprosexia occurring in childhood
with adenoid vegetations of the nasopharynx.

Guyon's isthmus (ge-yon (g) ') [Jean Casimir Felix
Guyon, French surgeon, 1831- ]. Narrowing and
prolongation of the internal os uteri, which thus

forms a small canal; it is not pathologic. G.'s sign,
ballottement in cases of renal tumor.

gymnasium (jim-na'-ze-um) [yvp.i>6s, naked]. A
place designed and fitted with appliances for the
systematic exercise of the muscles and other organs
of the body. Also, in Germany, a high-school.

gymnastic (jim-nas'-tik) [yvfivds, naked] Per-
taining to bodily exercise, or to the science of pre-
serving health by bodily exercise.

gymnastics (jim-nas'-tiks) [yvp.v6s, naked]. Physi-
cal exercise, especially systematic exercise, for the
purpose of restoring or maintaining the bodily
health, g., antagonistic, g., resistance-, physical
exercise engaged in by two persons, the one resisting
the other, as that adopted in the Schott treatment
for cardiac affections, g., ocular, regular muscular
exercise of the eye by the use of prisms or other
means to overcome muscular insufficiency, g.,
Swedish, a system of exercises to restore strength
to paretic muscles, consisting in movements made by
the patient against the resistance of an attendant.

gymnobacteria (jim-no-bak-te'-re-ah) [yvp.v 6s, naked;
bacteria]. Nonflagellate bacteria.

gymnocarpous (jim-no-kar'-pus) [yvp.vfc, naked;
Kapwds, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit naked.;
applied to lichens and fungi in which the apothecia
and hymenia are naked or exposed.

gymnocyte (jim'-no-sit) [yvp.vbs, naked; kvtos, a
cell]. In biology, a naked-celled, unicellular or-
ganism.

gymnoplast (jim'-no-plast) [yvfivos, naked; ■n-'Ka<T<reivf
to form]. A protoplasmic body without a limiting
membrane.

gymnospore (jim'-no-spor) [yvp,v6s, naked; avopos,
a seed]. In biology, a naked spore.

gynae- (jin'-e) . For words beginning thus see gyne-.

gynander (jin-an'-der) [yvvq, woman; &vqp, man].
A man of effeminate or woman-like qualities.

gynandria (jin-an'-dre-ah) [yvvq, woman; &vqp,
man]. The same as hermaphroditism.

gynandrism, (jin-an'-drizm) [yw-q, woman; kvqp,
man; p.op<f>ri, form]. Hermaphroditism.

gynandromorphism (jin-an-dro-morf'-izm) [ywrj,
female; &vqp, male; p.op<j>-q, form]. A combination
of both male and female characters.

gynandrous (jin-an'-drus). In biology, having
the stamens and pistils more or less intimately
united.

gynanthropus (jin-an' -thro-pus) [yw-q, a woman;
avepuiros, a man]. A hermaphrodite with pre-
dominant male characteristics.

gynatresia (jin-at-re'-ze-ah) [yvvq, woman; hrp-qoLa,
atresia]. Imperf oration of the vagina.

gynecatoptron (jin-ek-at-op'-tron) [yw-q, woman;
KaTOTrTpov, mirror]. A vaginal speculum.

gynecic (jin-e'-sik) [yvvq, woman]. Relating to
women.

gynecologic (jin-e-ko-loj'-ik) [yvvq, a woman;
X670S, science]. Relating to gynecology.

gynecologist (jin-e-kol'-o-jist) [yvvq, a woman;
X670S, science]. One who practises gynecology.

gynecology (jin-e-kol'-o-je) [yvvq, woman; \6yos,
science]. The science of the diseases of women,
especially of those affecting the sexual organs.

Gynecophorus hematobius. Same as Bilharzia
hemaiobia.

gynecomania (jin-e-ko-ma'-ne-ah) [yvvq, woman;
p.avla, madness]. Satyriasis.

gynecomastia (jin-e-ko-mas'-te-ah) [yvvq, woman;
naaros, breast]. i. The excessive development of
the breast of a man, either with or without atrophy
of the testicles. 2. The secretion of milk by the
male.

gynecomasty (jin'-e-ko-mas-te). See gynecomastia,

gynecomazia (jin-e-ko-ma'-ze-ah) [yvvq, woman;
juafoj, breast]. Same as gynecomastia.

gynecopathy (jin-e-kop'-ath-e) [yvvq, woman; irddos,
disease]. Any disease of, or peculiar to, women; the
study of diseases of women.

gynecophonus, gynaecophonus (jin-e-kof'-on-us)
[ywq, a woman; <j>6vos, murder]. 1. Destructive to-
women. 2. [yvvq, woman; <j>uvq, the voice]. Having
a voice like a woman. 3- A man with an effeminate
voice.

gynephobia (jin-e-fo'-be-ah) [yvvq, woman; <£6/9os,
fear]. Morbid aversion to the society of women.

gyniatrics (jin-e-a'-triks) [yvvq, woman; larpda,
therapy]. Gynecology, or gynecologic therapeutics.

gynocardia (jin-o-kar'-de-ah). See chaulmoogra.

gynocyanauridzarin (jin-o-si-an-aw-rid'-za-rin) ,.

GYNOPLASTIC

405

GYRUS

(C9H2iO-)2KCNOAu3, used in leprosy, tertiary-
syphilis, tuberculosis, psoriasis, etc. Dose Wqts—sts
gr. (0.03-0.2 mg.) 3 times daily.

gynoplastic {jin-o-plas'-tik) [yw-q, woman; ir\ao-o-elv,
to mould]. Pertaining to a plastic operation on the
female genitals.

gynophore (jin'-o-for) [ywri, female; <f>epeZv, to
bear]. In biology: (a) The stalk of a pistil raising
it above the receptacle; (b) The branch of a hydroid
gonoblastidium that bears only generative buds
containing ova.

gypsum (jip'-sum) [yvipos, chalk], CUSO4+2H2O.
Native calcium sulphate. Deprived of its water of
crystallization it constitutes plaster-of -Paris.

gyral (ji'-ral) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. Pertaining
to a gyrus or to gyri.

gyration (ji-ra'-shun) [gyrare, to turn or whirl].
A turning in a circle; also, giddiness.

gyre (jir) [gyrus, a circle]. A cerebral convolution.
And see gyrus.^

gyrencephalic (ji-ren-sef-al'-ik). Pertaining to a
brain having numerous convolutions.

gyrencephalus (ji-ren-sef'-al-us). Having a brain
with numerous convolutions.

gyri (ji'-ri) [pi. of gyrus]. 1. The convolutions
of the brain. 2. The spiral cavities of the internal
ear.

gyroma (ji-ro'-mah) [yvpos, a circle]. Myoma of
the ovary in which the fibrous tissue presents a wavy
appearance; it is ascribed to degenerative changes in
the fibrous tissue surrounding old contracting corpora
lutea.

gyromele {ji'-rom-el) [yvpos, a circle; p.e\e, a kind
of cup]. Of Tiirck, a stomach-tube or probe with a
rotating center, which can be fitted with various
attachments and used in estimating the size of the
stomach, cleansing, massage of the walls, securing
cultures, etc.

gyrosa (ji-ro'-sah) [yvpos, a circle]. A variety of
gastric vertigo in which, when the patient is standing,
everything turns around him, and he must close his
eyes to avoid falling.

gyrospasm (ji'-ro-spazm) [yvpos, circle; 0-1ro.0-p.bs,
spasm]. A peculiar rotary spasm of the head, and
sometimes a nodding spasm.

gyrus {ji'-Tus) [yvpos, a circle; pi., gyri]. A con-
volution of the brain. See convolution, g. ambiens,
or circumambiens, a small convolution in the uncus
at the end of the lateral olfactory stria, g. Andreae
Retzii, any one of a number of ill-defined gyres
between the dentate and the hippocampal gyres, in
front of the splenium. g., angular, the posterior
part of that one between the intraparietal fissure in
front and above and the horizontal limb of the
Sylvian fissure, g., annectant, four small convolu-

tions connecting the occipital with the temporo-
sphenoid and parietal lobes, g., ascending frontal,
that in front of Rolando's fissure, g., ascending
parietal, that just behind Rolando's fissure, g.,
callosal, the convolution immediately above the
callosum. g., dentate, in man, a_ rudimentary one
in the hippocampal fissure, g. epicallosus or supra-
callosus, the indusium, q. v. g. fasciolaris, the fasci-
ola, a. v. g. fornicatus, a long convolution on the
median surface of the brain above the corpus cal-
losum. g., frontal, the convolutions of the frontal
lobe, g., hippocampal, that part of the fornicate
convolution that winds around the splenium of the
corpus callosum. g., insular, the small gyri com-
posing the island of Reil. g. intralimbicus, that part
of the uncus caudad of the dentate gyrus, g. longus
insulee, the postinsula, a long gyre in the island of
Reil. g., marginal, the median surface of the- first
frontal convolution, g., medifrontal, the convolu-
tion between the superfrontal and subfrontal fissures.
g., meditemporal, the convolution between the
supertemporal and the meditemporal fissures, g.,
mesorbital, the convolution between the intercerebral
and olfactory fissures, g., occipital, the convolutions
making up the occipital lobe, g., olfactory. See
stria, olfactory, g., paracentral, one on the mesial
surface of the brain representing the junction of the
upper ends of the ascending frontal and ascending
parietal convolutions, g., parietal, those of the
parietal lobe, g., postcentral. Same as g., ascending
parietal, g., postparietal, the convolution between
the posterior limb of the meditemporal fissure and
the paroccipital fissure, g., precentral. Same as
g., ascending frontal, g., preinsular, any one of
four or five small gyres in the insula or island of Reil.
g. semilunaris, a small convolution in the uncus at
the end of the lateral olfactory stria, g., subcal-
carine, a convolution between the calcarine and the
collateral fissures, g., subcollateral, a convolution
between the collateral and the subtemporal fissures.
g., subfrontal, the convolution between the sub-
frontal and the Sylvian fissures, g., subtemporal,
the convolution between the meditemporal and
the subtemporal fissures. g., superfrontal, the
convolution between the callosomarginal and the
superfrontal fissures, g., supertemporal, the con-
volution between the Sylvian and the supertemporal
fissures, g., supramarginal, the anterior part of one
between the intraparietal fissure in front and above
and the horizontal limb of the Sylvian fissure, g.,
temporal, those of the temporal lobe, g., trans-
temporal, any one of a number of small gyres on the
opercular surface of the temporal lobe, g., uncinate,
the hook-like termination of the fornicate convolu-
tion.

H. i. Chemical symbol of hydrogen. 2. Abbrevi-
ation of hyperopia; of hora, hour; and of haustus, a
draught.

Haab's pupil-reflex (hahp) [O. Haab, Swiss
ophthalmologist, 1850- ]. If a bright object
already present in the visual field is looked at, the
pupils contract, while there is no appreciable change
during convergence or accommodation. This points
to a cortical lesion. H.'s sign. See H.'s pupil-
reflex.

habena (hab-e'-nah) [L., "a rein"]. 1. A frenum.
2. Habenula (2). 3. A bandage or strip of plaster
for a wound.

habenal, or habenar (hab-e'-nal, or hab-e'-nar)
[habena, a rein]. Relating to the habena.

habenula (hab-en'-u-lah) [habena, a rein]. 1. A
frenum. 2. A ribbon-like structure ; a name applied
to different portions of the basilar membrane of
the internal ear. 3. A peduncle of the pineal gland.
h. arcuata, the inner zone of the basilar membrane of
the cochlea, h. conarii, the peduncle of the pineal
gland, h., tecta. Same as h. arcuata. habenula?,
ganglion, a small club-shaped body on the mesial
surface of the optic thalamus, in which the cor-
responding peduncle of the pineal gland terminates.

habenular (hab-en'-u-lar) [habena, a rein]. Per-
taining to an habenula.

habit (hab'-it) [habere, to have]. 1. The general
condition or appearance of an individual, as a full
habit, a condition of plethora indicated by congestion
of the superficial vessels and obesity. 2. The
tendency to repeat an action or condition, h.-
spasm, h.-chorea, a spasmodic, constantly recurring
movement of certain voluntary muscles, usually seen
in children.

habitat (hab'-il-at) [habitare, to dwell]. The
natural home of an animal or vegetable species.

habitus (hab'-it-us) [habere, to have]. Habit;
general appearance or expression, h. apoplecticus,
tendency to apoplexy, h. enteroptoticus, the con-
dition characteristic of enteroptosis; the abdomen is
long and narrow, and the costal angle is less than oo°.

habromania (hab-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [&/3pos, graceful;
(j.avla, madness]. Insanity with pleasant or agree-
able delusions.

hachement (hahsh-mon(g)) [Fr., "hacking" or
"chopping"]. A form of massage consisting of a
succession of strokes performed with the edge of the
extended fingers or with the whole hand.

hacking (hak'-ing). See hachement.

hadernkrankheit (hah'-dern-kronk-hit) [Ger.]. A
disease of rag-pickers, by some supposed to be
anthrax; others look upon it as malignant edema.

hae-. For words beginning thus, not found below,
see he-.

Haeckel's law [Ernst Heinrich Hceckel, German
naturalist, 1834- ]• The principle that every
organism, in its ontogeny, goes through a series of
stages, each of which represents a stage in the evo-
lution of that class of organisms to which it belongs;
heredity influencing or securing its palingeny, and
the environment causing its kenogeny; in other
words, "that the ontogeny is a short repetition of the
phylogeny."

haema- (hem-ah-). See hema-.

haemal (hem'-al). See hemal.

hsemamceba (hem-am-e' -bah) . See hemameba.

haemato- (hem'-at-o-). See hemato-.

haematoxylin (hem-at-oks' -il-in) . See hematoxylon.
H. campechianum, American tropical tree, logwood;
the wood is astringent.

hasmin {hem' -in). See hemin.

haemo- (hem'-o). For words thus beginning see
hemo-.

Hasmogregarinae (hem-o-greg-ar-i'-ne). See Hcemo-
sporidia.

haemorrhage (hem'-or-aj). See hemorrhage.

Haemosporidi m-o-spor-id'-e-ah) alpia, blood;

sporidia]. An order of sporozoa which live for a
part of their life cycle, within the red blood cells of
their hosts.

Haeser's coefficient (ha'-zer) [Heinrich Haeser,
German physician, 1811-1884]. The number 2.33,
with which the last two figures of the specific gravity
of the urine are multiplied in order to obtain the
amount of solids in 1000 c.c. of urine.

Haffkine's method of immunization against
cholera (haf-kin) [Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haff-
kine, Russian bacteriologist, i860- ]. This con-
sists in the injection of a definite quantity of sterilized
culture; 5 days later a small dose, and in 5 days
more a larger dose, of the living virulent culture.
H.'s prophylactic fluid, a preparation of plague
bacilli used by inoculation as a preventive of the
plague. It is not a serum or a lymph, but a fluid
culture of pest-bacilli, grown for several weeks under
conditions most favorable to the development of the
toxic properties; it is finally deprived of its infective
quality by being heated to a temperature that is
fatal to the living bacteria, but which does not alter
the specific toxin.

haffkinin (haf'-kin-in). Haffkine's plague serum.
See Haffkine's prophylactic fluid.

Hagedorn needle (hag'-ed-orn) [Werner Hagedorn,
German surgeon, 1 831-1894]. A curved surgical
needle with flat sides.

hagiotherapy {ha-je-o-ther'-ap-e) [iiyios, sacred;
eepairda, treatment]. Treatment of disease by
means of shrines, relics, the intervention of saints,
and other similar observances.

Hahnemannism {hahn' -e-man-izm) [Samuel Chris-
tian Frederic Hahnemann, German physician, the
founder of the doctrine of homeopathy, 1755-1843].
See homeopathy.

Haidinger's brushes (hi'-ding-er) [Wilhelm von
Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist, 1795-187 1]. A
brush-like image seen on directing the eye toward a
source of polarized light, due to the doubly refractive
character of the elements of the macula.

Haines's coefficient ihanz) [Walter Stanley Haines,
American chemist and toxicologist, 1850- ]. The
number 1.1 which when multiplied by the last two
figures of the specific gravity of urine will give the
amount of solids in grains for each fluidounce.
H.'s solution for glucose in urine. Copper sulphate 3.
potassium hydroxide 9, glycerin 100, water 600.
Use as Fehling's solution; a red precipitate will be
formed.

hair [AS., hcer]. A delicate filament growing from
the skin of mammals; collectively, all the filaments
forming the covering of the skin. Hair is a modified
epidermal structure, and consists of a shaft and a root,
the latter expanded at its end into the hair-bulb,
which is concave and caps the hair-papilla, h.-bulb,
the expanded portion at the lower end of a hair-root.
h.-cell, an epithelial cell with delicate, hair-like pro-
cesses, as, e. g., the hair-cells of the organ of Corti.
h.-follicle, the depression in the corium and sub-
cutaneous connective tissue containing the root of
the hair, h.-papilla, a portion of the corium pro-
jecting upward into the center of a hair-bulb, h.-salt,
native magnesium sulphate.

hairy heart. A heart covered with a rough mass
of exudate, h. tongue, a tongue covered with hair-
like papillae.

halakones (hal'-ak-onz). Small cones of stiffened
gauze, loosely filled with absorbent material which
may be medicated: they are designed to fit the
nostril so that all air inhaled must pass through the
medicated medium.

hale (hal). Sound; healthy; robust.

halide, halid (hal' -id). Same as haloid.

halimeter (hal-im'-et-er) [aXs, salt ; iikrpov, a measure].
An instrument for estimating the proportions of
water in milk by means of its power to dissolve com-
mon salt.

HALIMETRY

407

HAMILTON'S

halimetry (hal-im'-et-re) [aXs, salt; fikrpov, a
measure]. The process of determining the quantity
of salts in a mixture.

halisteresis (hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [&Xs, salt; o-rep^ffis,
privation]. The loss of lime-salts of bone.

halisteretic (kal-is-ier-et'-ik). Pertaining to, or
affected with halisteresis.

halitosis (hal-it-o'-sis) [halitus, exhalation]. Foul
breath.

halituous (hal-it'-u-us) [halitus, breath]. Moist,
as if from having been breathed upon; applied to the
skin.

halitus (hal'-it-us) [L.]. A vapor, as that expired
from the lung.

Hall's (Marshall) disease (hawl) [Marshall Hall,
English physician, 1790-1857]. Hydrocephaloid oc-
curring in infants suffering from severe chronic
intestinal catarrh. H.'s fades, the prominent
forehead and small features peculiar to hydro-
cephalus. H.'s method of artificial respiration.
The body is turned alternately upon the side or face
to compress the chest, and then upon the back to
allow the lungs to expand.

Haller's ansa (hal'-ler) [Albrecht von Holler,
Swiss anatomist, 1708-1777]- A loop formed in
front of the internal jugular vein by a small nerve
branching off from the facial just below the stylo-
mastoid foramen, and joining the glossopharyngeal a
little below Andersch's ganglion. It is not constant.
H.'s circle. (1) The plexus of vessels formed by
the short ciliary arteries upon the sclerotic, at the
entrance of the optic nerve. (2) The circulus veno-
sus mammae, situated beneath the areola of the
nipple. H.'s colic omentum, a process of the upper
right border of the greater omentum which may
become adherent to the testis during fetal life and
be included in the sac of an inguinal hernia. H.'s
cones, the coni vasculosi of the epididymis, small
conic masses made up of the convolutions of the
efferent tubules of the testicle. They form part of
the globus major, and their tubules opening into a
common duct form the origin of the vas deferens.
H.'s congenital hernia. See Malgaigne's hernia.
H.'s fretum. See H.'s isthmus. H.'s habenula, the
slender cord formed by the obliteration of the canal
which during early life connects the cavity of the
peritoneum with that of the tunica vaginalis. H.'s
isthmus, the constriction which separates the ventricle
from the aortic bulb during early fetal life. Syn.,
fretum Halleri. H.'s network, the rete vasculosum
of the testis. H.'s plexus, the network formed by
branches of the external laryngeal and sympathetic
nerves on the outer surface of the inferior constrictor
pharyngis._ Syn., Haller's laryngeal plexus. H.'s
splendid line, the longitudinal fibrous band of the
pia corresponding to the site of the anterior median
fissure of the spinal cord. Syn., linea splendens.
H.'s tripod, the celiac axis. Syn., tripus Halleri.
H.'s tunica vasculosa, the lamina vasculosa of the
choroid. H.'s vas aberrans, a small, convoluted
duct connected with the tail of the epididymis or
the beginning of the vas deferens. H.'s venous
circle, an incomplete circle of superficial veins fre-
quently seen through the integument of the mamma,
especially during lactation.

hallex (hal'-eks) [L.: pi., hallices]. See hallux.

Hallion's law (hal-yon) [L. Hallion, French physi-
cian]. "Organic extracts exert on the same organ an
exciting influence which lasts for longer or shorter
time; when this organ is insufficient, it is conceivable
that this influence augments its action and, when it
is injured, that it favors its restoration."

Hallopeau's disease (hal-op-o') [Henri Hallopeau,
French dermatologist, 1842- ]. Chronic pustular
dermatitis, a form of Neumann's disease.

hallucal (hal'-u-kal) [hallux]. Pertaining to the
hallux, or great toe.

hallucination (hal-lu-sin-a'-shun) [alucinari, to
wander in mind]. A false sense-perception; it is
the perception of an object or phenomenon which
has no external existence, as hallucination of sight,
sound, smell, taste, or touch.

hallucinosis (hal-lu-sin-o'-sis). The condition of
being possessed by more or less persistent hallucina-
tions.

hallux (hal'-uks) [L.: pi., halluces]. The great
toe. h. dolorosus. See h. flexus. h. flexus, a
condition allied to and perhaps identical with ham-
mer-toe, in which there is flexion of the first phalanx
of the great toe. The second phalanx is usually

extended upon the first, and there is more or less
rigidity of the metatarsophalangeal joint, h. rigidus.
See h. flexus. h. valgus, displacement of the great
toe toward the other toes. h. varus, displacement
of the great toe away from the other toes.

halo {ha' -16) [aXcos, a round threshing-floor].
1. The areola of the nipple. 2. The luminous circles
seen about a light, h. glaucomatosus, in glaucoma,
a white ring surrounding the optic disc, h.-symptom,
the colored circles seen around lights in glaucoma.

halobios (hal-o-bi'-os) [aXs, the sea; ptos, life].
The totality of the marine flora and fauna in oppo-
sition to limnobios, the organic world of fresh water,
and geobios, the totality of the terrestrial plant and
animal world.

halogen (hal'-o-jen) [aXs, salt; vwai', to produce].
A univalent element that forms a compound of a
saline nature by its direct union with a metal. The
halogens are chlorine, iodine, bromine, and fluorine.
h. acid, an acid formed by the combination of a
halogen with hydrogen.

halogenic (hal-o-jen'-ik) [aXs, salt; yewdv, to
produce]. Salt-producing; producing haloids.

haloid (hal'-oid) [aXs, salt; elSos, likeness]. Re-
sembling sea-salt. h. salts, any one of those com-
pounds that consist of a metal directly united to
chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine.

halology (hal-ol'-o-je) [aXs, salt; X670S, science].
The chemistry of salts.

haloscope (hal'-o-skop) [aXs, salt; vKoirelv, to ex-
amine]. An apparatus for determining the amount
of salt in a solution.

Halsted's operation (hol'-sted) [William Stewart
Halsted, American surgeon, 1852- ]. For the
radical cure of inguinal hernia: similar to Bassini's
operation, but Halsted makes a new internal ring
in addition to transplanting the cord in a new canal.

Halstern's disease. Endemic syphilis.

Halteridium {hal-tur-id'-e-um) [aXr-qpes, weights
held in the hand when leaping]. A genus of para-
sitic coccidia which infest the blood-corpuscles of
birds.

ham [AS., hamm]. 1. The back part of the knee;
the popliteal space. 2. The buttock, hip, and thigh.

hamamelin (ham-am-e'-lin). A precipitate from
a tincture of the bark of witch-hazel, Hamamelis
virginiana; it is astringent, tonic, and sedative.
Dose gr. j-iij.

hamamelis (ham-a-me'-lis) [a/m, together with;
nijXov, apple]. Witch-hazel, h. bark (hamamelidis
cortex, U. S. P.), the bark and twigs of Hamamelis
virginiana, used in the preparation of hamamelis
water, h. leaves (hamamelidis folia, U. S. P.),
the leaves of Hamamelis virginiana, used in preparing
the fluidextract. h. leaves, fiuidextract of (fluidex-
tr actum hamamelidis foliorum, U. S. P.), frequently
employed as an astringent gargle in subacute sore
throat; internally as a hemostatic, and in suppository
or ointment in the treatment of bleeding piles.
Dose 5-40 min. (0.3-2.6 Cc). h. water {aqua
hamamelidis, U. S. P.), an aqueous extract of ham-
amelis bark; under the name of extract of witch-
hazel it is a popular household remedy. Dose |-i
dr. (2-4 Cc).

hamarthritis (ham-ar-thri'-tis) [ana, together;
apdpov, a joint; ins, inflammation]. Gout involving
all of the joints.

hamartia (ham-ar'-she-ah) [anaorlov, bodily defect].
An error of development due to defects in tissue-
combination.

hamartoma (ham-ar-to'-mah) [ap.apTiov, bodily
defect; op.a, tumor]. 1. A tumor due to a failure of
development. 2. A tumor due to a new growth of
blood-vessels.

hamatum (ham-a'-lum) [L. "hooked"]. The
unciform bone.

Hamburger's depot reaction (ham' -boor -ger). ■£$
c.cm. of a 1 : 10,000 dilution of tuberculin is injected
just beneath the skin of the forearm or back. If the
reaction is positive a subcutaneous infiltration ap-
pears within twenty-four Jiours, and there is a
reddening at the site where the point of the needle
rested.

Hamilton Irving apparatus. An appliance to pre-
vent a patient (after a suprapubic operation) from
being wetted by the urine soaking into the dressings.

Hamilton's test (ham'-il-tun) [Frank Hastings
Hamilton, American surgeon, 1813-1875]- In dis-
location of the shoulder-joint a ruler applied to the

HAMMARSTEN'S

408

HARELIP

dislocated humerus may be made to touch the
acromion and external condyle at the same time.

Hammarsten's test for globulin (ham'-ars-ten)
[Olof Hammarsten, Swedish physiologist, 1841- ].
To the neutral solution add powdered magnesium
sulphate until no more of the salt dissolves. Separate
the globulin thus precipitated by filtration, and wash
with a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate.

hammer (ham'-er) [ME., hamer]. 1. In anatomy,
the malleus. 2. An instrument for striking, h.-
bone, the malleus, h., Mayor's, one with rounded
faces to produce counterirritation on the skin by
application when heated, h., Neef, h., Wagner, an
interrupter or circuit-breaker employed with many
induction-coils, h., percussion-, a plexor, h.,
thermal, a hammer-shaped cautery-iron, h.-toe, a
term applied to a condition of the second toe in which
the proximal phalanx is extremely extended while
the two distal phalanges are flexed.

hammerman's cramp. A spasmodic, often pain-
less affection of the muscles of the upper extremity;
it is seen in those who use a hammer, and is due to
overuse.

hammock (ham' -ok) [Span., hamaca, a hanging
mat]. A couch or bed made of netting or canvas,
suspended at the ends. It is much used aboard
vessels and in tropical regions; it has been used
latterly in the transportation of the sick and wounded.
Slings for fractured legs, etc., are sometimes called
hammocks.

Hammond's disease (ham'-ond) [William Alexander
Hammond, American neurologist, 1828-1900]. Athe-
tosis.

hamose (ham'-os) [hamus, a hook]. Hooked at
the apex.^

hamstring. The tendons bounding the ham above
on the outer and inner side, h., inner, the tendons
of the semimembranosus, sartorius, gracilis, and
semitendinosus muscles, h., outer, the tendons of
the biceps flexor cruris.

hamular (ham'-u-lar) [hamus]. Pertaining to or
shaped like a hook.

hamulate, hamulose (ham'-u-lat, -los) [hamus, a
hook]. Hooked or hook-shaped.

hamulus (ham'-u-lus) [dim. of hamus, a hook].
A hook-shaped process, as of a bone. h. of the
cochlea, the hook-like process of the osseous lamina
at the cupola.

Hancock's operation. For amputation through the
Joot: a modification of Pirogoff's operation, in which
the sawn surface of the os calcis is brought in contact
with the transverse1 section of the astragalus.

hand [ME.]. The organ of prehension in bimana
and quadrumana, composed of the carpus, the
metacarpus, and the phalanges, h., ape-, h., claw-,
"h., monkey-. See claw-hand, h., battledore, the
large hand seen in cases of acromegaly, h.-elec-
trode, an electrode for use in the hand, h., forceps,
a hand < which has lost the ■ three middle fingers.
n., trailing, in synchronous writing of both hands,
that upon which the attention, visual or central, is
not fixed.

handkerchief (hang' -ker-chif) [ME., hand; kerchef,
a kerchief]. A square piece of cloth for wiping the
face or nose, h.-dressing, a form of temporary
dressing for wounds and fractures, made of hand-
kerchiefs^

hangnail (hang'-nal). A partly detached piece of
epidermis at the root of the nail, the friction against
which as caused inflammation of the abraded
surface .

Hankin's defensive proteids. Germicidal globu-
lins found by Hankin in the blood of certain animals
and giving immunity to certain toxins.

Hannover's canal (han'-o-ver). The artificial pas-
sage produced between the anterior and posterior
fibers of the zonules of Zinn by the injection of a
viscous fluid. H.'s intermediate membrane, the en-
amel membrane; the inner, cellular layer of the en-
amel-organ of the dental germ of the fetus.

Hanot's disease (han'-o) [Victor Charles Hanot,
French physician, 1844-1806]. Hypertrophic cir-
rhosis of the liver with icterus.

Hansen's bacillus (han'-sen) [Gerhard Armauer
Hansen, Norwegian physician, 1841- ]. The
Bacillus leprce.

haouwa [E. Ind.]. Synonym, in Bagdad, of
Asiatic cholera.

hapalonychia (hap-al-o-nik'-e-ah) [dxaXos, soft to
the touch; oVu£, nail]. A soft condition of the nails.

hapantismus (hap-an-tiz'-mus) [airas, entire].
Complete adhesion between parts or surfaces.

haphalgesia (haf-al-je'-ze-ah) [d^, touch; 0X705,
pain]. A feeling of pain produced by merely touching
an object.

haphemetric (haf-e-met'-rik) [a<p-h, touch; ukrpov,
measure]. Relating to esthesiometry. See esthesio-
meter.

haphephobia (haf-e-fo'-be-ah) [d^, contact; <f>6Pos,
fear]. The morbid dread of being touched; noso-
phobia.

haphonosus (haf-on-o'-sus) [d<£f), touch; " voaos,
disease]. Any disorder of the sense of touch.

haplobacteria (hap'-lo-bak-te-re-ah) [anXoos, simple;
bacteria]. Non-filamentous bacteria.

haplodermatitis (hap-lo-der-mat-i'-tis) [dirXoos,
simple; Sep^a, skin; ms, inflammation]. A simple
or uncomplicated skin-inflammation.

haplodermitis (hap-lo-der-mi'-tis). Haplodermatitis.

haplodont (hap'-lo-dont) [airXoos, single; 6S6vs,
tooth]. In biology, applied to animals whose molar
teeth have simple or single crowns.

haplolichen (hap-lo-W -ken) [airXSos, single; XeixV,
lichen]. Same as lichen simplex, q. v.

haplomelasma (hap-lo-mel-az'-mah) [d7rX6os, simple;
fieXaafia, a livid spot]. Simple melasma.

haplopathy (hap-lop'-ath-e) [dirXoos, simple; ir&9os,
illness]. Any uncomplicated disease.

haplophyma (hap-lo-fi'-mah) [airXSos, simple; <j>T>na,
a tumor]. A simple tumor.

haplopia (hap-lo'-pe-ah) [drrXoos, single; &\]/, vision].
Single vision; used in opposition to diplopia.

haploscope (hap'-lo-skop) [d7rX6os, single; oKonrtlv,
to see]. An instrument for measuring the visual
axes, h., mirror, an instrument for observing the
effects of varying degrees of convergence of the
visual axes.

Haplosporidia (hap-lo-spor-id'-e-ah) [airXoos, single;
sporidia]. An order of sporozoa, with a simple spore
and one nucleus.

haplotomia, haplotomy (hap-lo-to'-me-ah, hapt'-lo-
o-me) [airXoos, simple; 7-0/417, a cut]. A simple
incision.

haptic (hap'-tik) [d7rr6s, subject to the sense of
touch]. Pertaining to touch; tactile.

haptics (hap'-tiks) [airreiv, to touch]. The science
of the tactile sense.

haptine (hap'-ten) [a-Kreiv, to bind]. 1. In Ehr-
lich's lateral-chain theory, any thrown-off receptor.
These are of three orders: (1) antitoxins; (2) agglu-
tinins and precipitins; (3) cy to toxins or lysins.
2. An antigen.

haptodysphoria (hap-to-dis-fo'-re-ah) [airros, tactile;
touched; 8vs, difficult; <£op6s, bearing]. The dis-
agreeable sensation aroused by touching certain
objects, as velvet, a peach, or a russet apple.

haptogen (hap'-to-jen) [airreiv, to bind; yewav, to
produce]. A pellicle forming around fatty matter
when Drought into contact with albumin. Syn.,
haptogenic membrane.

haptophil, haptophile (hap'-to-fil) [o-tttciv, to bind;
4>t.Xelv, to love]. In Ehrlich's side-chain theory
applied to a receptor having an affinity for the
haptophore of a toxin. f

haptophore (hap'-to-for) [airreiv, to bind; <pkpetv,
to bear]. That complex of atoms of a toxic unit
which unites it to the cell-receptor.

haptophoric, haptophorous (hap-tof-or'-ic, -us).
Combining; pertaining to haptophores. h. group.
See haptophore.

haramaitism (har-am-a'-it-izm) [Anglo-Indian;
from Haram maiti, the name of an Hindu offender
in this way]. Child-marriage in India; also, the
collective physical evils that result from that system.

hardening (hard' -en-ing) [AS., hearde, hard]. A
stage in the preparation of tissues for microscopical
examination in which they are rendered firm, so that
they may, after embedding, be readily cut.

Harderian gland (har-de'-re-an) [Johann Jacob
Harder, Swiss anatomist, 1656-17 n]. A racemose
gland located at the inner canthus of the eye of
most vertebrates, and especially of those having a
well-developed nictitating membrane.

Hardy-Behier's symptom. See Behier- Hardy's
symptom. '

hare-eye (har'-i). See lagophthalmos.

harelip. Congenital fissure of the lip, due to
arrested facial development, h., complicated, that
with cleft or malformation of the superior maxillary
bone also, h., double, two clefts of the lip or one of

HARLEQUIN

409

HEALING

each lip. h. suture, a figure-of-8 suture about a pin
thrust through the lips of the freshened edges of the
cleft.

harlequin (har'-le-kwin). Variegated; party-
colored, h. fetus, a fetus with congenital ichthy-
osis, general seborrhea, or diffuse keratoma. Such
subjects are always born prematurely, and have no
external ears, eyelids, or lips.

Harley's disease (har'-le) [George Harley, English
physician, 1820-1896]. See Dressler's disease.

harmaline (har'-ma-len). An alkaloid, C13H14N2O,
from harmel; it is used as a stimulant and anthel-
mintic.

harmel (har'-mel). Wild rue, Peganum harmala,
of Turkey; it is a vermifuge.

harmonia, harmony (har-mo'-ne-ah, har'-mo-ne)
[apuovia, harmony]. A form of articulation between
two bones that are closely and immovably apposed.

harpoon (har-poon') [Fr., harpon, a grappling-iron].
An instrument for the removal of bits of living tissue
for microscopic examination.

Harris separator or segregator (har'is) [Malcolm
L. Harris, American-surgeon]. A double catheter
is passed into the bladder, and a lever into the rec-
tum or vagina; this lever lifts up the floor of the
bladder between the separated ends of the divided
catheter; the urine from each kidney is thus collected
serarately and flows out through the catheter on the
same side.

Harrison's groove (har'-is-on) [Edward Harrison,
English physician, 1766-1838]. A curve extending
from the level of the ensiform cartilage toward the
axilla, and corresponding to the insertion of the
diaphragm ; it is pronounced in rickets.

harrowing (har'-o-ing). The action of teasing the
fibers of a nerve or tearing them apart with any
blunt instrument.

Hartley-Krause operation (hart'-le-krow'-zer)
[Frank Hartley, American surgeon; Fedor Krause,
German surgeon, 1857- ]• The removal of the
entire Gasserian ganglion and its roots for relief of
facial neuralgia.

Hartmann's fossa (hart'-man) [Robert Hartmann,
German anatomist, 1831- ]. A small, infundi-
bular fossa of the peritoneum lying between Tuffier's
inferior ligament and the mesoappendix. Syn.,
fossa ileoctzcalis infima.

hartshorn {harts' -horn) . 1. Cornu cervi, the horn
of the stag, formerly a source of ammonia, or spirit
of hartshorn. 2. A name popularly given to am-
monia-water.

hishish, hasheesh (hash'-esh). See cannabis.

Hasner's valve (has'-ner) [Joseph Ritter von
Hasner, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1810^1892].
An inconstant valvular fold of mucosa at the inferior
meatus of the nasal duct.

Hassan's bodies (has'-al) [Arthur Hill Hassall,
English physician, 1817-1894]. Concentrically stri-
ated corpuscles, apparently of a degenerative char-
acter, found in the thymus gland. H.'s test, the
growth of Saccharomyces cerevisia, observed under
the microscope, is indicative of the presence of
sugar in the urine.

Hastings' stain (has'-tings) [Thomas Wood Has-
tings, American physician, 187 3- ]. Amethylene-
blue and eosin staining reagent modified from Ro-
manovsky's stain.

Hata (hah'-tah) [S. Hata, Japanese physician].
See Ehrlich-Hata.

hatters' disease (hat'-er). A form of constitu-
tional mercurial poisoning occurring in the makers
of hats; also a skin-disease, arising from the use of
mercury and arsenic; also an acute irritation of the
respiratory tract caused by the fumes of nitrogen
tetroxide; all of these chemicals being used in hat-
making, h.'s consumption, a form of pneumonitis
occurring in hatters from inhalation of the fur and
dust arising during the process of "finishing and
pouncing."

haunch (hawnsh) [Fr., hanche]. The part of the
body including the hips and the buttocks, h.-bone,
the ilium.

haustra coli (haws' '-trah co'-li) [L. ; pi. of haustrum].
Sacculations of the colon.

haustrum (haw' -strum) [L.]. The pouch or de-
pression of the sacculations of the colon.

haustus (haws'-tus) [L., a drink or draught]. A
draught, h.-niger, black draught; the compound
infusion of senna.

haut mal (o-mahV). See epilepsy.

Havers' canals (ha'-verz) [Clopton Havers, English
anatomist, 1650-1702]. The canals pervading the
compact substance of bone in a longitudinal direc-
tion and anastomosing with one another by trans-
verse or oblique branches. They contain blood-
vessels and lymphatics. H.'s glands, fatty bodies
connected with the synovial fringes of most of the
joints. They were believed by Havers to secrete the
synovia. Syn., Glandules mucilaginoscs. H.'s lamel-
lae, the concentric lamella? of bone which form the
Haversian canals. H.'s spaces, large, irregularly
shaped spaces found chiefly in growing bones.
H.'s system, the concentric arrangement of the bony
lamellae, usually 8 or 10 in number, around a Haver-
sian canal.

haw [ME., haw, an excrescence in the eye]. 1. The
third eyelid, nictitating membrane, or winker of a
horse. 2. A diseased or disordered condition of the
third eyelid of the horse.

hawking (haw'-king) [ME., hauk, to hawk].
Clearing the throat by a forcible expiration.

Hay's method. A method of removing dropsical
effusions by producing frequent serous evacuations
by means of saline cathartics combined with a dry
diet.

hay-asthma. See hay-fever.

Hayem's corpuscles, H.'s hematoblasts (a-yem')
[Georges Hay em, French physician, 1 841- ]. See
Bizzozero's blood-platelets. H.'s disease, apoplecti-
form myelitis. H.'s solution, used in the microscopic
examination of blood; it consists of sodium chloride,.
1 Gm. ; sodium sulphate, 5 Gm.; mercuric chloride,.
0.5 Gm.; dissolved in 200 Cc. of distilled water.

Haygarth's nodes or nodosities (ha'-garth) [John
Haygarth, English physician, 1740-1827]. Exostoses
of the joints of the fingers in arthritis deformans.

hay-fever. An acute affection of the conjunctiva
and upper air-passages, coming on periodically at
certain seasons of the year, especially in summer and
autumn, in persons predisposed to the disease. The
exciting factor in some cases is the pollen of grasses;
in others the disease seems to be caused reflexly by
polypi and other diseased conditions of the nose.
The chief symptoms are coryza, sneezing, headache,,
cough, and asthmatic attacks. Syn., hay-asthma ,-
hay-cold.

hazeline (ha'-zel-en). Trade name applied to-
preparations of Hamamelis virginiana.

hb. Abbreviation of hemoglobin.

H. D. Abbreviation of hearing distance.

He. Chemical symbol of helium.

head (hed) [ME., hed]. 1. The uppermost part
of the body; that part of the body containing the
brain, the organs of sight, smell, taste, and hearings
and part of the organs of speech. 2. The topr
beginning, or most prominent part of anything, as
the head of the femur, the head of the muscle, etc.
h.-drop, a peculiar disease seen in Japan during the
spring and early summer, supposed to be miasmatic
in origin. It is attended with inability to hold the
head erect, paralytic symptoms in the limbs, and
optic disorders. One attack predisposes to others..
h.-gut. See foregut. h.-kidney, pronephron. h.-
locking, the entanglements of the heads of twins, at
the time of birth, h.-louse, pediculus capitis.
h., scald, h., scalled, any scabby disease of the scalp.
h., swelled, actinomycosis.

headache (hed' -ok). Pain in the head. The
following varieties of headache are described: local,,
general; organic, functional; toxemic — alcoholic,
caffeinic, diabetic, lithemic, malarial, rheumatic,
uremic; reflex — gastric, ocular, nasal, uterine; cardiac,,
pulmonic, anemic, congestive; hysterical, neurasthenic
Syn., cephalalgia, h., academy. See h., panorama.
h., bilious, migraine, h., ocular, pain in and about
the head that results from ametropia, organic disease:
in, or from impaired function of, any part of the
visual apparatus, h., panorama, h., sightseer's,,
headache resulting from the strain of the eyes ex-
posed to brilliant lights or moving objects, etc.
h., sick, migraine, h., theater. See h., panorama.

heal (hel). To make whole or sound; to cure.
h.-all. See Collinsonia.

healer (hel'-er). 1. One who effects cures. 2. One
who without medical education claims to cure by
some form of suggestion, h., natural, one supposed
to possess personal magnetism capable of overcoming
disease.

healing (he'-ling) [AS., helan, to heal]. The process-
or act of getting well or of making whole; especially

HEALTH

410

HECTOLITER

the getting well of an ulcer or wound, h. by first'
intention, h., primary, the union of two accurately
apposed surfaces without any visible granulating pro-
cess, h. by second intention, healing through the
medium of granulations, which fill up the gap of the
wound, h. by third intention, that in which the
two granulating surfaces are approximated so as to
unite and heal readily.

health (helth) [see healing]. That condition of
the body in which all the functions are performed
normally, h., bill of, the official document issued by
quarantine or other public health officers, which
grants freedom from sanitary restraint. French,
pratique, h., board of, a public body having charge
of the sanitation of a stated district.

hear (her). To perceive by the ear.

hearing (her'-ing) [AS., hyran, to hear]. The
special sense by which the sonorous vibrations of the
air are communicated to the mind. The organ of
hearing is the ear, whence the vibrations are carried
by the auditory nerve to the center of hearing,
situated in the temporosphenoid lobe of the cerebrum.
h.-distance, the distance at which a certain sound
can be heard, h., double, diplacusis. h., Eitel-
berg's test for. See Eitelberg.

heart (hart) [AS., heorte]. A hollow, muscular
organ, the function of which is to pump the blood
through the vessels. It is enveloped by a serous sac
called the pericardium, and consists of two sym-
metrical halves, a right auricle and ventricle and a left
auricle and ventricle. The right auriculoventricular
orifice is guarded by the tricuspid valve; the left by a
valve with two leaflets--the mitral. These valves
are broad and thin, consisting of two layers of the
lining membrane of the heart, the endocardium,
separated by a slight amount of connective tissue.
To support them, thin chorda tendinece join their
free margins to the muscles in the wall of the ventricle
— the columnce, carnece. The outlet of the right
ventricle into the pulmonic artery, and the left into
the aorta, are guarded by stout, short, tricuspid
valves — the semilunar valves, h.-berg, the thoracic
portion of the thymus gland of animals. See also
neck-berg, h., bicycle, cardiac disease due to ex-
cessive use of the bicycle, h.-block, dissociation of
auricular and ventricular rhythms due to inter-
ference with the conduction of the contraction pro-
cess, h.-b., complete, when the ventricular con-
tractions are independent of the auricular, h.-b.,
partial or incomplete, when one of the auricular
contractions regularly excites the ventricles to
contraction, h.-burn, a burning sensation at the
epigastrium and lower part of the chest, h.-clot,
coagulation of blood in the cardiac cavity, h., fatty,
a name given to two distinct pathologic conditions
of the heart tissue. In the first there is a true fatty
degeneration of the muscular fibers of the heart;
in the second there is an increase in the quantity of
subpericardial fat — a fatty infiltration, h., hairy.
See cor villosum. h., icing, Eichhorst's name for a
heart the whole surface of which is covered with a
dense, thick, marble-white tissue, h., irritable, a
peculiar cardiac excitability, marked by pain,
palpitation, dyspnea, and rapid pulse; it has been
noted especially among soldiers in the field, in whom
it has been ascribed to muscular exhaustion, h.,
low, a low position of the heart due to anatomical
conditions, not to disease. Syn., bathycardia. h.,
luxus, a condition in which a primary dilatation of
the heart is followed by hypertrophy of the left
ventricle; often found in gourmands, h., peripheral,
a term applied to the muscular coat of the blood-
vessels other than the heart, h., typhoid, over-
distention and laceration of the blood-vessels of the
heart, with atrophy of the muscle-fibers, due to
typhoid fever, h., villous. See cor villosum.

heartburn (hart'-bern). A burning sensation at
the epigastrium and lower part of the chest, caused
by gastric fermentation.

heat (het) [AS., hcetu]. i. A form of kinetic energy
communicable from one body to another; it is that
form of molecular motion which is appreciated by a
special thermal sense. 2. The periodic sexual
excitement in animals, h., atomic. See atomic heat.
h., capacity for, the number of heat-units required
to raise the temperature of a body i° C. h.-centers,
centers in the brain for stimulating heat-production
or heat-elimination, and for regulating the relation
of these, h., latent, the quantity of heat necessary
to convert a body into another state without changing

its temperature, h., molecular, the product of the
molecular weight of a compound multiplied by its
specific heat, h., prickly, h.-rash, miliaria, h.,
specific, the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a substance a given number of degrees.
The unit of specific heat is the Calorie, which is the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
one gram of water from 40 to 50 C. h.-stroke, the
symptoms produced by exposure to great heat —
either that of the sun or that of heated rooms,
h.-unit, the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of one kilogram of water from o° to i° C. ;
it is technically called a calorie.

Heath's operation (heth) [Christopher Heath,
English surgeon, 1835- ]. For fixity of the lower
jaw: division of the ascending ramus beneath the
masseter with a saw introduced through the mouth
by means of a small incision above the last molar
tooth.

heaves (hevz) [ME., heven, to raise]. A disease of
horses, characterized by difficult and laborious
respiration. It is also called "broken wind."

hebeosteotomy (he-be-os-te-ot'-o-me). See hebos-
teotomy.

hebephrenia (he-be-fre' -ne-ah) [1\$n, puberty; 4>pi)v,
mind]. A form of mental derangement occurring
in young persons at or soon after the age of puberty,
and characterized by mental deterioration and a
gradually increasing egotism. It may end in a
permanent dementia.

hebephreniac (he-be-fre' -ne-ak) . One who is affected
with hebephrenia.

hebephrenic (he-be-fren'-ik). 1. Affected with
hebephrenia. 2. One who is affected with hebe-
phrenia.

Heberden's asthma (heb'-er-den) [William Heber-
den, English physician, 1710-1801]. Angina pectoris.
H.'s disease, (1) arthritis deformans; (2) angina
pectoris. H.'s nodes, H.'s nodosities, deformity of
the fingers in arthritis deformans.

Heberden-Rosenbach's nodes. See Heberden's
nodes.

hebetic (he-bet'-ik) [fifir]TiK6s, relating to puberty].
Relating to puberty or to adolescence.

hebetude (heb'-e-tud) [hebetudo, bluntness]. Dul-
ness of the special senses and intellect: a condition
present in grave fevers.

hebetudinous (heb-e-tu'-din-us) [hebetudo, bluntness].
Affected with hebetude.

hebosteotomy (he-bos-te-ol'-o-me) [ri&y, pubes;
btrrkov, bone; T0/X17, cutting]. Section through the
body of the pubis to facilitate labor; pubiotomy.

hebotomy (he-bot'-o-me) [fjfiri, pubes; rk^veiv, to
cut]. Van de Velde's operation of sawing the pelvis
in cases of obstructed delivery; pubiotomy.

Hebra's disease (ha'-brah) [Ferdinand von Hebra,
Austrian dermatologist, 1816-1880]. Same as H.'s
erythema. H.'s erythema. Polymorphous erythema.
H.'s pityriasis, pityriasis rubra. H.'s prurigo, true
prurigo.

hecatomeral, hecatomeric (hek-at-om'-er-al, hek-
at-o-mer'-ik) [iKarepov, each singly; n'epos, a part].
Applied to a neuron the processes of which divide
into two parts, one going to each side of the spinal
cord.

Hecht's test (hekt) [Hugo Hecht, Austrian physi-
cian]. A modification of Wassermann's reaction for
syphilis; it is founded on the fact that human blood
serum can dissolve ten times its volume of a 2 per
cent, solution of sheep's blood.

hectargyre (hek'-tar-jir). A compound of hectine
and mercury; used hypodermically, as an anti-
syphilitic.

hectic (hek'-tik) Uktikos, habitual]. 1. Habitual.
2. Pertaining to phthisis, h. fever, a fever caused
by absorption of toxic substances formed in the
process of suppuration, and characterized by daily
intermissions and frequent drenching sweats. It
occurs in pulmonary tuberculosis, in pyemia, etc.
h. flush, the flushed cheek seen in hectic fever.

hectine (hek'-ten). Sodium benzosulphoparamino-
phenylarsinate, an arsenical compound said to tje
less toxic than atoxyl; used in syphilis.

hecto- (hek-to-) [tua-rov, a hundred]. A prefix sigr
nifying one hundred.

hectogram (hek'-to-gram) [hecto-; ypanfjta, an inscrip-
tion]. One hundred grams, or 1543.2349 grains.

hectoliter (hek'-to-le-ter) [hecto-; \lrpa, a pound].
One hundred liters, equal to 22.009 imperial or 26.4
United States gallons.

HECTOMETER

411

HELIOTROPIC

hectometer (hek'-to-me-ter) [hecto-; ukrpov, a
measure]. One hundred meters, or 328 feet 1 inch.

hedeoma (he-de-o'-mah) [1756s, sweet; d<rp.r), smell].
American pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of H.
pulegioides, the properties of which are due to a
volatile oil. It is stimulant, carminative, and
emmenagogue. It is used in suppression of the
menses, the flatulent colic of children, and, on account
of its pungent odor, to drive off fleas and mosquitos.
h., oil of (oleum hedeomce, U. S. P.). Dose 2-10 min.
(0.13-0.65 Cc).

hedgehog crystals. Crystals of ammonium urate,
found as a urinary deposit in the form of globular
crystals with spiny projections.

hediosit (he'-de-o-sit). A white crystalline, odor-
less powder with a sweet taste, easily soluble in water;
used in the dietetic treatment of diabetes.

hedonal (he'-don-al). Methylpropylcarbinol ur-
ethane; recommended as a safe hypnotic in the milder
forms of_ insomnia. Dose 20-45 gr. (1.33-2.9 Gm.).

hedonia (he-do' -ne-ah) [t}8ovt], pleasure]. Abnormal
cheerfulness; amenomania.

hedonism (he'-do-nizm) [nbov-q, pleasure]. The
pursuit of pleasure; in psychic medicine, the un-
reasoning pursuit of some hobby or whim.

hedrocele (hed'-ro-sel) [eSpa, breech; K17X77, hernia].
1. A hernia through the notch of the ischium. 2.
Prolapse of the anus.

hedrosyrinx (hed-ro-si' -rinks) [eSpa, anus, funda-
ment; avptyg, pipe]. Fistula in ano.

heel (hel) [AS., hela]. The hinder part of the
foot, h.-bone, the os calcis.

Hegar's method of diagnosing fibroma (ha'-gar)-
TAlfred Hegar, German gynecologist, 1830- ].
This consists in drawing downward the uterus with
a volsellum while the finger is passed into the rectum
and pressed against the tumor; if it is ovarian, it will
he immovable; if uterine, there will be great resistance
to drawing down the cervix. H.'s operation. For
the relief of cancer of the rectum: the knife is carried
along the sides of the sacrum, making the letter V.
He hinges the flap with a chain-saw. H.'s sign, com-
pressibility of the lower segment of the uterus and
the upper half of the cervix, noticed on bimanual
examination during the first two or three months of
pregnancy.

hegemony (he-gem' -on-e) [■nyep.div, a leader]. The
supremacy of one function over a number of others.

hegonon (heg' -on-on) . A substance obtained by
treating silver ammonium nitrate with albumose,
said to contain about 7 per cent, of organically
combined silver. It is a light brown powder soluble
in water, and is used as a substitute for silver
nitrate.

hegovia (he-go' -ve-ah). A proprietary remedy for
enuresis said to consist of salol, powdered snails, and
lithium salicylate.

Hehner's test for formaldehyde in milk (hd'-ner).
Place 5 Cc. of the milk in a test-tube and dilute with
an equal volume of water. Carefully pour down the
sides of the test-tube strong sulphuric acid containing
a trace of ferric chloride, so as to form a layer of acid
below the milk. In the presence of formaldehyde a
violet ring is formed at the junction of the two
liquids; 1 part in 100,000 may be detected. The
acid should be of 1.81 to 1.83 sp. gr., and mus-
contain a trace of ferric salt. The charring due ot
the action of the acid on the milk must not be mist
taken for color-reaction.

Heidenhain's demilunes (hi'-den-hlnz dem'-e-lun)
[Rudolf Heidenhain, German physiologist, 1834-
1897]. Crescentic bodies lying between the cells
and the membrana propria of an acinus of a salivary
gland. H.'s rods, H.'s striae, the slender columnar
cells of the uriniferous tubules.

Heim-Kreyssig'ssign(/nw-&n'-3*'g). See Kreyssig's
sign.

(von) Heine's infantile paralysis. Spastic spinal
paralysis of infancy.

'Kemeke-Miku]iczopeta.tion(hi' -nek-eh-mik'-oo-litz)
[Walter Hermann Heinecke, German surgeon, 1834-
; Johann von Mikulicz, Austrian surgeon, 1850-
1905]- Pyloroplasty.

Heisrath's operation (his' -rath). Excision of the
tarsus and conjunctiva in cases of trachoma of long
standing.

Heister's diverticulum (hi'-sler) [Lorenz Heister,
German anatomist, 1683-1758]. The sinus of the
jugular vein. H.'s valves, the transverse valvular
folds of the cystic duct.

helcodermatosis (hel-ko-der-mat-o'-sis) [helcoma ;
Skpfia, skin]. Skin disease with the formation of
ulcers.

helcoid (hel'-koid) [helcoma; eloos, likeness].
Resembling an ulcer.

helcology (hel-kol'-o-je) [eX/cos, ulcer; X6705, sci-
ence]. The pathology and treatment of ulcers.

helcoma (hel-ko'-mah) [?X/cos, an ulcer]. An ulcer.

helcomenia (hel-ko-me' -ne-ah) [eX/cos, ulcer; p.r\ v,
month]. Vicarious menstrual discharge from an ulcer.

helcoplasty (hel'-ko-plas-te) [helcoma; ir\ao-<reiv, to
form]. The treatment of ulcers by skin-grafting.

helcopoiesis (hel-ko-poi-e'-sis) [eX/cos, ulcer; iroir]ffi.s,
making]. The surgical formation of an issue, for
counter-irritation.

helcosis (hel-ko'-sis) [eXwoo-is, ulceration]. The
formation and development of an ulcer.

helcosol (hel'-ko-sol). See bismuth pyrogallate.

Helcosoma tropicum (hel-ko-so '-mah trop'-ik-um)
[e\Kos, ulcer; o-ayia, a body]. A name proposed by
Wright for the protozoan parasite of Delhi boil.

helcotic (hel-kot'-ik) [eX/cos, an ulcer]. Ulcerative;
of the nature of or accompanied by ulceration.

helenin (hel'-en-in), CeHgO. A stearoptene from
Inula helenium ; it is used as an internal and external
antiseptic. Dose f-§ gr. (o. 01 1-0.022 Gm.).

helexin (hel-eks'-in). A glucoside, C32H54O11, from
Hedera helix.

heliciform (hel-is' -e-form) [helix; forma, form].
Spiral; shaped like a snail-shell.

helicina (hel-is' -in-ah). A mixture of snail mucus
and sugar; a white powder, soluble in water, and used
as a pectoral remedy. Syn., saccharated snail-juice.

helicine (hel'-is-in) [helix]. 1. Spiral in structure.
2. Pertaining to the helix, h. arteries, spirally
winding arteries supplying the erectile tissue of the
penis.

helicis (hel'-is-is) [helix]. Muscle of the helix of
the ear. See muscles, table of.

hehcoid (hel'-ik-oid) [helix; elSos, form]. Spiral;
coiled like a snail-shell.

helicopepsin (hel-ik-o-pep'-sin) [<!Xi£, a spirally
coiled snail; irk-wais, digestion]. A peptic ferment
found by Krukenberg in snails.

helicopod (hel'-ik-o-pod) [eXt£, a spirally coiled
snail; irovs, foot]. A dragging gait in which the foot
describes a partial curve.

helicoprotein (hel-ik-o-pro'-te-in). A phosphoglyco-
protein obtained from the glands of the snail, Helix
pomatia. It is converted by action of alkalies into a
gummy, levorotatory carbohydrate called animal
sinistrin.

helicotrema (hel-ik-o-tre'-mah) [helix; Tpfip.a, hole].
The opening connecting the scalae tympani and
vestibuli of the spiral canal of the cochlea.

heliencephalitis (he-le-en-sef-al-i-tis) [ij\ios, sun;
eyKe<f>a\os, brain; ins, inflammation]. Encephalitis
caused by exposure to the sun's rays.

Heliodorus' bandage (hel-e-o-dor'-us) [Heliodorus,
a Roman surgeon, 1st century]. The T-bandage.

heliomyelitis (he-le-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [helios; /weXos,
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Myelitis caused by
exposure to the sun's rays.

helionosus (he-le-on'-o-sus) [helios; voaos, disease].
Sunstroke.

heliophag (he'-le-o-fag) [helios; <j>aytlv, to devour].
A name given to the animal pigment-cell, as being a
supposed absorber of the radiant energy of the sun's
light and heat.

heliophilia (he-le-of-iV -e-ah) [?}Xios, sun; <$>i\<Tiv,
to love]. Morbid affinity for the sunlight, resulting
in ectsacy and muscular contraction.

heliophobe (he'-le-o-fob) [t)Xios, sun; 06j8os, fear].
One who is morbidly sensitive to the effects of the
sun's rays.

heliophobia (he-le-o-fo'-be-ah) [77X10S, sun; #6/3os,
fear]. Morbid fear of exposure to the sun's rays.

heliosin (he-le-o'-sin). An antisyphilitic mixture
of various inorganic salts with keratin.

heliosis (he-le-o'-sis) [t/Xios, sun]. A sun-bath;
also, sunstroke.

heliostat (he'-le-o-stat) [77X10$, sun; araros, fixed].
A mirror moved by clockwork in such a manner as to
reflect continuously the sun's rays in a fixed direction.

heliotherapy (he-le-o-ther'-ap-e) [t?Xios, sun; depa-
irela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by
exposure of the body to sunlight. Sun-bathing.

heliotropic (he-le-ot' -rop-ik) [tJXios, sun; rpkirtiv,
to turn]. Relating to the movements of protoplasm
under the influence of light.

HELIOTROPIN

412

HEMADOSTENOSIS

heliotropin {he-le-ot' -ro-pin) [t}Xios, the sun; Tpk-xeiv,
to turn], i. See piperonal. 2. A bitter, volatile,
crystalline, poisonous principle -from Heliotropium
europceum, a European species of heliotrope. Its
action is little known.

heliotropism (he-le-ot'-ro-pizm) [t/Xios, the sun;
rpkireiv, to turn]. In biology, that property of a
plant or plant-organ by virtue of which it bends
toward or away from the sunlight.

heliotropy (he-le-ot'-ro-pe) [tjXios, the sun; rpoiri},
a turning]. Same as heliotropism.

helium (he'-le-um) [77X105, sun]. A gaseous body,
a supposed atmospheric element, boiling below
2640 C., which has resisted all attempts to liquefy it.
It forms compounds with hydrogen, carbureted
hydrogen, and nitrogen. Symbol He; atomic
weight 3-99-

helix (he'-liks) [eXi£, a spiral]. 1. The rounded,
convex margin of the pinna of the ear. 2. A coil of
wire as that of an electromagnet.

hellebore, helleborus (hel'-e-bor, hel-leb'-or-us)
[eXXe/3opos, hellebore]. A plant of the genus Helle-
borus, particularly H. niger, black hellebore, the
root of which contains two glucosides, helleborin,
C36H42O6, and helleborein, C26H44O15, to which its
properties are due. It is a drastic hydragogue,
cathartic, and an emmenagogue, and has been used
as a drastic purge in insanity, dropsy, and amenor-
rhea. Dose of the powdered root, as a purge, 10-20
gr. (0.65-1.3 Gra.). h., white. See veratrum.

helleborein (hel-eb-or'-e-in) . A poisonous glucoside,
C26H44O1S, from Helleborus niger and viridis.

helleborin (hel-eb'-or-in), C36H42O6. A poisonous
glucoside from black hellebore.

helleborism (hel'-eb-or-izm). 1. The treatment of
disease with hellebore. 2. The morbid condition
induced by the free exhibition of hellebore.

Heller's plexus (hel'-er) [Johann Florian Heller,
Austrian physician, 1813-1871]. The network of art-
eries in the deeper layer of the intestinal submucosa.
H.'s test]. 1. A test for albumin in the urine. A
little nitric acid is placed in a test-tube and the urine
allowed carefully to flow down the side of the tube, so
as to form a layer on the acid without mixing. The
development of an opaque white ring indicates
albumin. 2. A test for the presence of blood-color-
ing-matter in the urine. The urine is boiled with
half its volume of caustic potash, whereby the phos-
phates are precipitated. The precipitate is colored
red if blood is present. 3. For sugar in the urine,
see Moore's test.

Hellmund's ointment (hel'-munt). A narcotic
ointment composed of acetate of lead, 10 parts;
extract of conium, 30 parts; balsam of Peru, 30
parts; Sydenham's laudanum, 5 parts; and cerate,
240 parts.

Helmerich's ointment (hel'-mer-ik). An ointment
used in the treatment of scabies. It consists of
sublimated sulphur, 1 dram; potassium carbonate,
\ dram; and lard, 6 J drams. The ointment should
remain in contact with the diseased surface for four
or five hours.

Helmholtz's ligament (helm'-holz) [Hermann
Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, German physi-
ologist, 1 821-1894]. The anterior ligament of the
malleus that encircles the long process of the latter
and is inserted into the anterior part of its neck and
head. H.'s line, the line perpendicular to the
plane of the axis of rotation of the eyeballs. H.'s
theory of color-vision. See Young-Helmholtz.

helminth (hel'-minth) [2X/lu"s, a worm]. 1. A worm.
2. An intestinal worm.

helminthagogue, helminthagog (hel-minth'-ag-og).
See anthelmintic.

helminthiasis (hel-min-thi'-as-is) [helminth]. The
diseased condition produced by the presence of worms
in the body. h. elastica, elastic tumors of the
axillae and groins due to filaria.

helminthicide (hel-minth'-is-id) [helminth; ccedere,
to kill]. See vermicide.

helminthic (hel-min'-thik). See anthelmintic.
helminthism (Jtel-minth'-izm) [helminth]. The
existence of intestinal worms in the body.

helminthochorton (Jtel-minth-o-kor'-ton) [helminth ;
\6pros, grass]. Corsican moss.

helminthogenesis (hel-min-tho-jen'-e-sis). The
same as helminthiasis.

helminthoid (hel-min'-thoid) [helminth; elSos, like-
ness]. Pertaining to or shaped like a worm.

helminthology (Jiel-min-thol'-o-je) [helminth; X670S,
science]. The science of worms, especially those
parasitic within the body.

helminthoma (hel-min-tho'-mah) [helminth; &na,
a tumor: pi., helminthomata]. A tumor caused by
the presence of a parasitic worm. See Bulam boil
and Guinea-worm.

helminthoncus (hel-minth-ong'-kus) [helminth ;
6-ykos, a tumor]. An old term, for a parasitic skin-
disease.

helminthophobia {hel-min-tho-fo' -be-ah) [helminth;
06/Sos, fear]. A nervous state produced by the
presence or thought of parasitic worms.

helminthous {hel-min'-thus) [helminth]. Wormy.

helmitol (hel'-mit-ol) . Hexamethylenetetramine
anhydromethylene citrate, an analgesic and urinary
antiseptic. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.64-0.97 Gm.) 3 times
daily in a wineglassful of water.

Heloderma (he-lo-der'-mah) [17X05, nail; bkpua*
skin]. A genus of lizards. H. horridum, of Mexico,
and H. suspectum, of Arizona (called Gila Monster) ,
are said to be the only known species of venomous
lizards, v

helodermatous (he-lo-der'-mat-us) [17X05, a nail,
wart; depfia, skin]. In biology, having a warty or
tuberculous skin.

helodes (he-lo'-dez) [eXos, a swamp]. 1. Swampy,
or marshy. 2. A fever attended with profuse
sweating. 3- Marsh-fever.

helonin (hel'-o-nin) [eXos, a marsh]. A crude
precipitate from the tincture of Chamcelirion caro-
linianum or Helonias dioica. It is tonic anthelmintic,
and diuretic. Caution should be observed in its use.
Dose, gr. ij-iv.

helophilous (hel-of-il-us) [£Xos, a marsh; <pl\os,
loving]. Inhabiting marshes.

helopyra (hel-o-pi'-rah) [eXos, marsh; irvp, fever].
Malarial fever.

helotic (hel-ot'-ik) [fj\os, a nail]. 1. Relating to
corns. 2. A vesicant.

helthin (hel'-thin). An acidulated solution of
sodium parasulphanilate and of sodium or potassium
amidonaphthol disulphonate. It is used as a test
for nitrites in potable waters.

Helweg's triangular bundle (hel'-veg) [Hans
Kristian Saxtorph Helweg, Danish physician,
1847- ]. The triangular or olivary tract situated
in the ventral part of the anterolateral column of the
spinal cord.

hem-, hema-, hemato- {hem-, hem-ah-, hem-at-o-)
[aiy.a, blood]. Prefixes signifying of or pertaining
to the blood.

hemabarometer {hem-ab-ar-om' -et-er) [cu/xa, blood;
barometer]. An instrument for the determination of
the specific gravity of the blood.

hemaboloids (hem-ab'-ol-oidz) . Aproprietary article
said to contain a vegetable iron with peptone, bone-
marrow and nuclein.

hemacelinosis (hem-as-el-in-o'-sis) [hema- ; kv~KIs,
spot; vdffos, disease]. A synonym of the disease,
purpura.

hemachroin (hem-ak-ro'-in) [hema-; xpba., color].
Same as emhatosin.

hemachromatosis (hem-ak-rom-at-o'-sis) [see hem-
achrome]. General hematogenous pigmentation.

hemachrome (hem'-ak-rom) [hema-; xp«M«. color].
The coloring-matter of the blood; hematin.

hemachrosis (hem-ak-ro'-sis) [hema-; xp^°"«»
coloring]. 1. Redness of the blood. 2. Any disease
in which the blood is abnormally colored.

hemacyanin (hem-as-i'-an-iri) [hema-; Kvavos,
blue]. A blue coloring-matter found in the blood
and the bile.

hemacyte (hem'-as-lt). See hemocyte.

hemacytometer (hem-as-i-tom' -et-er). See hema-
cytometer.

hemacytozoon {hem-a-si-to-zo' -on) [hema-; kvtos,
cell; Sioov, animal: pi., hemacytozoa]. A protozoon
found in the red blood corpuscles.

hemad {hem' -ad) [hema-; ad, toward]. 1. Toward
the hemal aspect; opposed to neurad. 2. A blood-
cell or blood corpuscle.

hemadenology (hem-ad-en-ol'-o-je) [hem-; iS^v, a
gland; \6yos, a discourse]. The study of the ductless
glands, and their diseases.

hemadonosos (hem-ad-on'-o-sos) [hema-; voaos, dis-
ease]. A disease of the blood or of the blood-vessels.

hemadostenosis (hem-ad-o-ste-no'-sis) [<u/zds, blood-
stream; crevos, narrow]. Stricture or narrowing of a
blood-vessel.

HEMADOSTEOSIS

413

HEMATINIC

hemadosteosis (hem-ad-os-te-o' -sis) [alp-as, blood-
stream; barkov, bone]. Ossification or calcification
of blood-vessels.

hemadromograph {hem-ad-rom'-o-graf) [hema-'
Spo/jLos, course; yphfaiv, to write]. An instrument
for registering changes in the velocity of the blood-
stream.

hemadromometer {hem-a-dro-mom' -et-er) [hema-;
8p6txos, course; fierpov, a measure]. An instrument
for measuring the velocity of the blood-current.

hemadromometry (hem-ad-ro-mom'-et-re) [hema- ;
dpo/ios, course; n'erpov, measure]. Measurement of
the speed of the blood-current.

hemadynamics (hem-ad-i-nam'-iks) [hema-; Swapx,
power]. The science pertaining to the movements
involved in the circulation of the "blood.

hemadynamometer (hem-a-di-na-mom' -et-er)

[hema-; dwafiis, strength; fikrpov, a measure]. An
instrument for measuring the tension or pressure of
blood within the arteries.

hemafacient (hem-a-fa'-she-ent) [hema-; facere, to
make]. An agent that increases the quantity and
quality of the blood.

hemafecal (hem-af-e'-kal) [hema-; fax, dregs].
Characterized by bloody stools, h. jaundice. See
jaundice.

hemagglutination, hemoagglutination (hem-ag-loo-
tin-a'-shun, hem-o-ag-loo-tin-a' -shun) [see hemagglu-
tinins]. The clumping of red blood-corpuscles.

hemagglutinins, hemoagglutinins (hem-ag-loo'-tin-
inz, hem-o-ag-loo' -tin-inz) [hema-; agglutinin]. Ag-
glutinins which have the power to clump red blood-
•corpuscles. Syn., erythroagglutinins.

hemagogue, hemagog (hem'-ag-og) [hema-; hyuybs,
leading], i. Promoting the menstrual or hemor-
rhoidal discharge of blood. 2. An agent that pro-
motes the catamenial or hemorrhoidal flow of blood.

hemal (he'-mal) [alua, blood]. 1. Pertaining to
the blood or vascular system. 2. Pertaining to the
ventral aspect of the body, that part containing the
b.eart and blood-vessels, h. arch, the arch formed
by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral bodies, h. spine,
"the sternum or linea alba.

hemalbumin (hem-aV -bu-min) [hema-; albumin],

1. A predigested iron albuminate used in anemic
•conditions. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) several times daily.

2. A preparation of the salts and albuminoid con-
stituents of the blood. 3. A preparation of iron
■containing hematin, hemoglobin, serum-albumin,
paraglobulin, and inorganic constituents of the blood.

hemaleucin (hem-al-oo'-sin) [hema-; XevKos, white].
Pibrin; the white portion of a washed blood-clot.

hemaleukosis (hem-al-oo-ko'-sis) [hema-; Xewcos,
-white]. The formation of the buffy coat of a clot.

hemalopia (hem-al-o'-pe-ah) [hema-; &\p, the eye].
Effusion of blood in the eye; erythropsia.

hemalum (hem-al'-um). A stain for bone-tissue
consisting of hematoxylin and alum.

hemameba, haemamoeba (hem-am-e'-bah) [hema-;
ameba: pi., hemameba], 1. A white blood-cell.
2. A parasitic ameboid microorganism of the blood,
as the malarial parasite, haemamoeba leukemia?
magna, h. leukemia? parva, bodies once supposed to be
of protozoan nature and specific causes of leukemia,
shown by Tiirck to be artefacts resulting from the
action of a basic dye upon the mast-cell granules.

hemamebiasis (hem-am-e-bi' -as-is) . The disease or
condition due to infection with hemamebae.

hemanalysis (hem-an-aV -is-is) [hema-; analysis].
Analysis of the blood.

hemangioendothelioma (hem-an-je-o-en-do-the-le-o'-
mah) [hema-; ayyelov, vessel; endothelioma]. Epi-
thelial hyperplasia of the capillaries.

hemangioma (hem-an-je-o'-mah) [hema-; ayyeiov,
vessel; 6/ia, a tumor: pi., hemangiomata]. An angi-
oma made up of blood-vessels.

hemangiomatosis (hem-an-je-o-ma-to'-sis). The
condition characterized by the presence of multiple
hemangiomata.

hemangiosarcoma (hem-an-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) [he-
ma-; Ayyelop, vessel; sarcoma], A vascular sarcoma.

hemanthine (hem-an'-thin) [hema-; avdos, a flower].
An alkaloid from Hemanlhus coccineus; it is poison-
ous, with the general properties of atropine.

Hemanthus (hem-an' -thus) [hema-; avdos, flower].
A genus of amaryllidaceous plants; blood-flower.
H. coccineus, of S. Africa, affords an arrow-poison,
with the general properties of atropine. The plant
is a diuretic and cardiant. It affords hemanthine.

hemanutrid (hem-an-u'-trid) . A liquid preparation
of hemoglobin, 70 %; glycerol, 20 %; brandy, 10 %.

hemaphein (hem-af-e'-in) [hema-; <f>ai6s, dusky].
A brown coloring-matter from blood, regarded as a
decomposition-product of hematin.

hemapheism, haemaphaeism (hem-af -e-izm) [hema-;
tj>at.6s, dusky]. The passage of reddish-amber colored
urine, combined with hepatic disorder.

hemaphobia {hem-af-o'-be-ah). See hematophobia.

hemapoiesis (hem-ap-oi-e' -sis) . See hematopoiesis.

hemapoietic (hem-ap-oi-et'-ik). See hematopoietic.

hemapophysis (hem-ap-off' -is-is) [hema-; airo^beiv,
to put forth]. That part of an ideal or perfect verte-
bra which forms the antero-lateral part of the hemal
arch. In man, all the hemapophyses are either
cartilaginous or detached.

hemarthrosis (hem-ar-thro'-sis) [hema-; apOpov, a
joint]. Effusion of blood into a joint.

hemastatic (hem-as-tat'-ik) . See hemostatic.

hemastatics (hem-as-tat'-iks) [hema-; araTiKoS,
standing]. That branch of physiology treating of
the laws of the equilibrium of the blood.

hemasthenosis (hem-as-then-o'-sis) [hema-; &<rdk-
veia, weakness]. A weakening or deterioration of
the blood.

hematachometer (hem-at-ak-om' -et-er). See hemo-
tachometer.

hematalloscopy (hem-at-al-os'-ko-pe) [hema-; aXXos,
other; anoireZv, to examine]. In medical juris-
prudence the examination of the blood to distinguish
one kind from another.

hematangionosus (hem-at-an-je-on'-o-sus) [hema- ;
ayyelov, vessel; vbtjos, disease]. Disease of blood-
vessels.

hematapostasis (hem-at-ap-os'-tas-is) [hema-; airo-
arao-Ls, a standing away from]. Unequal distribu-
tion or pressure of blood, with congestion or effusion
in some part of the body.

hematapostema (hem-at-ap-os-te'-mah) [hema-; ebro-
arvp.a, abscess: pi., hemaposiemata]. An abscess
containing extravasated blood.

hematedema (hem-at-e-de'-mah) [hema-; old^fxa,
a swelling]. Swelling due to the effusion of blood.

hematein (hem-af -e-in) [al/ia, blood], C16H12O6.
A crystalline principle derived from, and recon-
vertible into, hematoxylin, h.-ammonium, C10H9-
O5 . NH4+4H2O, a violet-black granular powder,
purple in aqueous solution, brown-red in alcoholic
solution, used as a stain.

hemateleum (hem-at-el'-e-um) [hema-; eXaiov, oil].
A yellow or brownish oily fluid obtained by the dry
distillation of blood.

hematemesis (hem-at-em' -es-is) [hema-; emesis].
The vomiting of blood.

hematencephalon (hem-at-en-sef'-al-on) [hema- ;
lyK.k<t>a\os, brain]. A hemorrhage or bleeding within
the brain; cerebral apoplexy.

hematherapy (hem-ah-ther'-ap-e) [hema-; depairda,
therapy]. 1. The therapeutic use of prepared arterial
blood of bullocks. 2. Treatment applied to diseases
of the blood.

hemathermous (hem-ath-er'-mus) [hema-; 0epp.6s,
hot]. Having warm blood.

hemathorax (hem-ah-tho'-raks). See hemothorax.

hematic (hem-at'-ik) [hema-]. Pertaining to, full of,
or having the color of, blood. Also, a blood-tonic.

hematidrosis (hem-at-id-ro'-sis) [hema-; tSpws,
sweat]. A sweating of blood.

hematimeter (hem-at-im' -et-er) [hema-; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for counting the cor-
puscles in a given volume of blood.

hematimetry (hem-at-im' -et-re) [hema-; fierpov,
measure]. The estimation of the number or pro-
portion of the blood-corpuscles, as by the hemocyto-
meter or hematimeter.

hematin (hem'-at-in) [alp.a, blood], C34H3oN4FeOo.
A decomposition-product of hemoglobin. It is
bluish-black, amorphous, contains iron, and is soluble
in dilute alkalies and acids, insoluble in water, in
alcohol, and in ether, h.-albumin, a fine brown-red,
tasteless, odorless powder obtained by drying blood
fibrin. Dose, in anemia, 1-2 teaspoonfuls 3 times
daily, h., reduced, hemochromogen. h., vegetable,
aspergillin.

hematinemia, hematinaemia (hem-at-in-e'-me-ah)
[hema-; anemia]. The presence of hematin in the blood.

hematinic (hem-at-in'-ik) [hematin]. 1. Same as
hematic. 2. Relating to hematin. 3. An agent
which tends to increase the proportion of hematin or
coloring-matter in the blood.

HEMATINOMETER

414

HEMATOMPHALOCELE

hematinometer (hem-at-in-om'-et-er). Same as
hemoglobinomeler.

hematinuria (hem-al-in-ii'-re-ah). Same as hemo-
globinuria.

hemato- (hem-at-o-) [alfia, blood]. A prefix sig-
nifying of or pertaining to the blood.

hematoaerometer (hem-at-o-a-e-rom'-et-ur) [hem-
ato; af/p, air; nerpov, measure]. An instrument for
recording the pressure of the gases in the blood.

hematobious (hem-at-o' -be-us) [hemato-; filos, life].
Living in the blood.

hematobium (hem-at-o' -be-um) [hemato-; /3i'os, life],
i. A blood-corpuscle. 2. A blood-parasite, hematozoon.
hematoblast (hem'-at-o-blast) [hemato-; jSXcurros, a
germ]. A blood-plate; an immature red blood-
corpuscle.

hematocatharsis (hem-at-o-kath-ar'-sis) [hemato- ;
Kadapcns, a cleansing]. The process of expelling
toxic substances from the blood.

hematocathartic (hem-at-o-kath-ar'-tik) [hemato- ;
nadapTiKos, cleansing]. 1. Purifying the blood.
2. Any remedy that purifies the blood.

hematocele (hem'-at-o-sel) [hemato-; /07X77, a tumor].
A tumor formed by the extravasation and collection
of blood in a part, especially in the tunica vaginalis
testis or in the pelvic cavity (pelvic hematocele).

hematocelia (hem-at-o-se' -le-ah) [hemato-; KoiXia,
a cavity]. An effusion of blood into the peritoneal
cavity.

hematocephalus (hem-at-o-sef -al-us) [hemato- ;
Ke<j>a\i), head]. 1. An effusion of blood into the
brain. 2. A monstrosity characterized by an
effusion of blood into the cerebral hemispheres.

hematochezia (hem-at-o-ke'-ze-ah) [hemato-; x^^p,
to defecate]. The passage of bloody stools.

hematochlorin (hem-at-o-klo'-rin) [hemato-; xXwpos,
green]. An amorphous green pigment contained in
the marginal zone of the placenta.

hematochrosis (hem-at-o-kro' -sis) [hemato-; xp&vi-s,
coloring; pi., hematochroses]. 1. Any disease charac-
terized by discoloration of the skin. 2. A discolora-
tion of the skin.

hematochyluria (hem-at-o-ki-lu'-re-ah) [hemato- ;
xiAos, chyle; ovpov, urine]. The presence of blood
and chylous material in the urine.

hematocolpos (hem-at-o-kol'-pos) [hemato-; koKttos,
vagina]. A collection of blood within the vagina.

hematocrit (hem'-at-o-krit) [hemato-; KpLveiv,
to separate; to judge]. An instrument for making
volumetric estimation of the blood-corpuscles by
separating, by centrifugal action, the corpuscles from
the plasma.

hematocryal (hem-at-ok'-re-al) [hemato-; Kpvos,
cold]. In biology, of or pertaining to the cold-
blooded invertebrates.

hematocrystallin (hem-at-o-kris'-tal-in). Same as
hemoglobin.

hematocyanosis (hem-at-o-si-an-o'-sis) . Synonym
of cyanosis.

hematocyst (hem'-at-o-sist) [hemato-; kvo-tis,
bladder]. 1. A cyst containing blood. 2. An effu-
sion of blood into the bladder.

hematocyte (hem' -at-o-sit) [hemato-; kvtos, cell].
A blood-corpuscle.

hematocytolysis. See hemocytolysis.
hematocytometer (hem-at-o-si-tom'-et-er). See
hemacytometer.

hematocytozoon (hem-a-to-si-to-zo'-on) [hemato-;
kvtos, cell; $$ov, animal]. A protozoan parasite
inhabiting the red blood-corpuscles.

hematocyturia (hem-at-o- si-tu'-re-ah) [hemato-;
kvtos, cell; ovpov, urine]. The presence of blood-
cells in the urine.

hematodes (hem-at-o' -dez) [alp-aTudris, bloody].
Bloody; gorged with or appearing like blood.

hematodiarrhea (hem-at-o-di-ar-e'-ah). Synonym
of dysentery.

hematodynamics (hem-at-o-di-nam'-iks) . See hemo-
dynamics.

hematodynamometer (hem-at-o-di-nam-om'-et-er) .
See hemadynamometer .

hematodyscrasia (hem-at-o-dis-kra'-se-ah) [hem-
ato-; Svo-Kpao-la, bad temperament]. A diseased or
dyscrasic state of the blood.

hematogaster (hem-at-o-gas'-ter) [hemato- ; yao-T-qp,
stomach]. Extravasation of blood into the stomach.
hematogen (hem-at'-o-jen) [hemato-; yewav, to
produce]. 1. A nucleoalbuminoid preparation of
iron 0.3 %. 2. Defibrinated blood with minute
percentage of creosote, containing 0.5 % of iron and

mixed with glycerol and wine; used in anemia.
1-2 tablespoonfuls. 3. A yellowish powder con-
taining 7 % of iron or a liquid formed by adding
ferric citrate and acetic acid to an alkaline solution
of albumin. Dose of liquid 1-4 teaspoonfuls. 4. A
decomposition-product of vitellin.

hematogenesis (hem-at-o-jen'-es-is) [hemato- ;
yewav, to produce]. The development of blood or
blood-corpuscles .

hematogenic (hem-at-o-jen'-ik) [see hematogenesis}.
Pertaining to the formation of blood.

hematogenous (hem-at-oj'-en-us) [see hematogene-
sis]. Derived from or having origin in, the blood,
hematoglobin (hem-ai-o-glo' -bin) . See hemoglobin..
hematoglobulin (hem-at-o-glob'-u-lin). Same ass
hemoglobin.

hepatography (hem-at-og'-ra-fe) [hemato-; yp&<f>eivr
to write]. A description of the blood; hematology.
hematohidrosis (hem-at-o-hid-ro'-sis). See hemati-
drosis.

hematohiston (hem-at-o-his'-ton). See globin.
hematoid (hem'-al-oid) [hemato-; eUos, likeness].
Resembling blood.

hematoidin (hem-at-oi'-din) [see hematoid], C16H18-
NO3. An iron-free derivative of hemoglobin, oc-
curring in old blood-clots as yellowish-brown rhom-
bohedral crystals.

hematokolpos (hem-at-o-kol'-pos). See hematocol-
pos.

hematokrit (hem'-at-o-krit). See hematocrit.
hematol (hem'-at-ol). A sterilized hemoglobin
mixed with glycerol and brandy.

hematolin (hem-at'-o-lin) [hemato-], CesHysNsCh.
An iron-free derivative of hematin.

hematologist (hem-at-oV -o-jist) [see hematology].
One who makes a special study of the blood and is
skilled in the technic of blood-examinations.

hematology (hem-at-ol'-o-je) [hemato-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of the blood, its nature, functions,
and diseases.

hematolymphangioma (hem-at-o-limf-an-je-o'-mah}
[hemato-; lymph; ayyeiov, a vessel; 8(ia, a tumor].
A tumor involving blood-vessels and lymph-vessels.
hematolysis (hem-at-oV -is-is) [hemato-; Xixris, a
solution]. 1. Destruction or disorganization of the
blood or of the corpuscles. 2. Diminished coagula-
bility of the blood.

hematolytic (hem-at-o-lit'-ik) [see hematolysis].
Marked by or tending to blood-impoverishment.
h. serum. See serum.

hematoma (hem-at-o' -mah) [hemato-; opa, tumor].
A tumor or swelling containing blood, haematoma
auris, insane ear; an effusion of blood or serum
between the cartilage of the ear and its covering,
occurring in various forms of insanity as the result
of injuries or trophic changes, h. of the dura mater,.
an effusion of blood beneath the dura mater, forming
membranous layers, h., pelvic, an effusion of blood
into the cellular tissue of the pelvis, h.s, valve-, of
the newborn, those due to imperfect development
leading to the formation of clefts; they are not pro-
duced by hemorrhage and have no relation to the
minute hemorrhages found beneath the pericardium
and endocardium in cases of death from suffocation.
hematomancy, hematomantia (hem'-at-o-man-ser
hem-at-o-man' -she-ah) [hemato-; ptavreLa, divination].
The arriving at a diagnosis from examination of the
blood.

hematomatous (hem-at-o' -mat-us) [hemato-; 6/iar
a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of a hema-
toma.

hematomediastinum (hem-at-o-me-de-as-ti' -num)
[hemato-; mediastinum, the mediastinum]. An
effusion of blood into the mediastinal spaces.

hematometer (hem-at-om' -et-er) . An instrument to*
estimate the properties or constituents of blood-
See hemodynamometer ; hemoglobinomeler.

hematometra (hem-at-o-me'-trah) [hemato-; p,r)Tpa»
uterus]. An accumulation of blood within the-
uterine cavity.

hematometry (hem-at-om' -et-re) [hemato-; ukrpov^
measure]. The estimation of the number and kind
of corpuscles and the quantity of hemoglobin in the
blood.

Hematomonas (hem-at-om' -on-as) [hemato-; povAs,,
monad]. A genus of protozoan parasites inhabiting:
the blood.

hematomphalocele (hem-at-om-faV -o-sel) [hemato-?
6/x<£aX6s, navel; ktjXv, hernia]. An umbilical hernia,
distended with blood.

HEMATOMYCES

415

HEMATOZYMOSIS

hematomyces (hem-at-om'-is-ez) [hetnato-; uvktis,
a fungus]. A bleeding variety of encephaloid cancer;
medullary sarcoma. Syn., fungus hcematodes.

hematomyelia (hem-at-o-mi-e'-le-ah) [hemato-;
fiveXos, marrow]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord;
an accumulation of blood in the central canal of the
spinal cord.

hematomyelitis (hem-at-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [hemato-; my-
elitis]. An acute myelitis attended with an effusion
of blood into the spinal cord.

hematomyelopore (hem-at-o-mi' -el-o-por) [hemato-;
AiueXos, marrow; iropos, pore]. A cavity in the
substance of the myelon resulting from hemorrhage.

hematoncus (hem-at-ong'-kus) [hemato-; oyicos,
tumor]. Blood-tumor; hemangioma; hematoma.

hematopathology (hem-at-o-path-ol'-o-je) [hemato-;
pathology]. The science dealing with morbid states
of the blood.

hematopathy (hem-at-op' -ath-e) [hemato-; irados,
disease]. Any disease of the blood.

hematopedesis (hem-at-o-ped-e'-sis) [hemato-; irr)5-n-
cis, a leaping]. Cutaneous hemorrhage; hemati-
drosis.

hematopericardium (hem-at-o-per-ik-ar'-de-um)

[hemato-; pericardium]. An effusion of blood into
the pericardium.

hematopexin (hem-at-o-peks'-in). See hemopexin.

hematopexis (hem-at-o-pek'-sis). Coagulation of
the blood.

hematophagous (hem-at-of'-ag-us) [hemato-; <j>ayelv,
to eat]. Feeding on blood; blood-sucking.

hematophilia (hem-at-o-fil'-e-ah). See hemophilia.

hematophobia (hem-at-o-fo'-be-ah) [hemato-; 06/Sos,
fear]. Morbid dread of the sight of blood.

hematophore (hem'-at-o-for) [hemato-; 4>kpeiv, to
bear]. An instrument used in the transfusion of
blood.

hematophthalmia (hem-at-off -thai' -me-ah). See
hemophthalmia.

hematophyte (hem'-at-o-flt) [hemato-; <pvrbv, a
plant]. A vegetable organism, such as a bacterium,
living in the blood.

hematopinax (hem-at-op' -in-aks) [hemato-; irLva.%,
tablet: pi., hematopinaces]. A blood-plaque.

hematopisis (hem-at-op' -is-is) [hemato-; irveiv,
to drink], i. The drinking of blood. 2. A morbid
collection of blood in any cavity of the body.

hematoplanesis (hem-ai-o-plan-e' -sis) [hemato-;
TrXavrjaLs, wandering]. See hematoplania.

hematoplania (hem-at-o-pla' -ne-ah) [hemato-; ir\6.vq,
a wandering]. Vicarious or aberrant course or flow
of the blood.

hematoplasma (hem-at-o-plaz'-mah) [hemato-;
plasma]. The plasma of the blood.

hematoplast (hem' -at-o-plast) . Same as hemato-
blast.

hematoplastic (hem-at-o-plas'-tik) [hemato-; irXaaTi-
kos, plastic]. Blood-forming.

hematoplethora (hem-at-o-pleth' -or-ah) . Synonym
of plethora.

hematopneumothorax (hem-at-o-nu-mo-thor'-aks) .
See pneumothorax.

hematopoiesis (hem-at-o-poi-e'-sis) [hemato- ; wolr)<jLs,
a making]. The formation of blood.

hematopoietic (hem-at-o-poi-et'-ik) [see hemato-
poiesis]. Relating to the processes of blood-making.
h. organs, blood-making organs.

hematoporia (hem-at-o-por'-e-ah) [hemato-; airopia,
defect]. Deficiency of blood; anemia.

hematoporphyrin (hem-at-o-por' -fir-in) [hemato- ;
irop<j>vpa, purple], C68H74N8O12. Iron-free hematin, a
decomposition-product of hemoglobin occurring in
the urine in conditions associated with destruction of
red corpuscles. It is produced by dissolving hematin
in concentrated sulphuric acid, h., test for. See
Garrod.

hematoporphyrinuria (hem-at-o-por -fir -in-u' '-re-ah)
[hematoporphyrin; ovpov, urine]. The presence of
hematoporphyrin in the urine.

hematoporphyroidin (hem-at-o-por -fir -oid' -in) [hem-
ato-; Tr6p<t>vpos, purple]. A substance similar in
origin and character to hematoporphyrin, but less
soluble. Like hematoporphyrin, it is sometimes
found in the urine.

hematoposia (hem-at-o-po' -ze-ah) [hemato-; ircxns,
a drinking]. The drinking of blood.

hematopostema (hem-at-o-pos' -tem-ah) [hemato- ;
6.ir6aTT)p.a, abscess]. An abscess containing an effusion
of blood.

hematopsia (hem-at-op' -se-ah) [hemato-; kip, eye].
An extravasation of blood in the subconjunctival
tissues of the eye.

hematorrhachis, hematorachis (hem-at-or' -ak-is)
[hemato-; pdxis, spine]. Hemorrhage within the ver-
tebral canal.

hematorrhea (hem-at-or -e' -ah) [hemato-; pola, a
flow]. A copious flow or discharge of blood.

hematorrhosis (hem-at-or-o'-sis) [hemato-; 6pp6s,
serum]. Separation of the serum of the blood.

hematosac (hem'-at-o-sak) [hemato-; saccus, a bag].
A blood-cyst.

hematosalpinx (hem-at-o-saV -pinks) [hemato-; aa\-
7ri7£, a trumpet]. A collection of blood in a Fal-
lopian tube.

hematoscheocele (hem-at-os'-ke-o-sel) [hemato-;
ocrxeov, scrotum; K17X17, tumor]. A hemorrhagic
tumor or distention of the scrotum.

hematoscope (hem' -at-o-skop) [hemato-; o-Koweiv,
to view]. An instrument used in the spectroscopic
examination of the blood, by means of which the
thickness of the layer of blood can be regulated.

hematoscopy (hem-at-os'-ko-pe) [see hematoscope].
Visual examination of the blood; examination of the
blood by means of the hematoscope.

hematose (hem'-at-os) [hemato-]. Full of blood.

hematosepsis (hem-at-o-sep'-sis) [hemato-; o-^iy,
putrefaction]. Septicemia.

hematosin (hem-af -o-sin) . See hematin.

hematosis (hem-at-o'-sis) [alpa, blood]. 1. The
process of the formation of blood and the develop-
ment of blood-corpuscles. 2. The arterialization
of the blood.

hematospectroscope (hem-at-o-spek' -tro-skop) [hem-
ato-; spectroscope]. A spectroscope adapted to the
study of the blood.

hematospectroscopy (hem-at-o-spek-tros'-ko-pe)

[hemato-; spectrum, an image; o-Ko-welv, to view].
The use of the hematospectroscope.

hematospermatocele (hem-at-o-sper-mat'-d-sel)

[hemato-; spermatocele]. A spermatocele containing
blood.

hematospermia (hem-at-o-sper' -me-ah) [hemato-;
airepua, seed]. The discharge of bloody semen.

hematospongus (hem-at-o-spun'-gus) [hemato-;
airoyyos, sponge]. Medullary sarcoma.

hematostatic (hem-at-o-stat'-ik). See hemostatic.

hematotherapy (hem-at-o-ther'-ap-e) [hemato-; ther-
apy]. The treatment of disease by means of blood
or some preparation of blood.

hematothermal (hem-at-o-thur'-mal) [hemato-; 6kp-
p.ri, heat]. Warm-blooded.

hematothoracic (hem-at-o-thor-as'-ik). Relating
to hematothorax.

hematothorax (hem-at-o-tho'-raks). See hemothorax.

hematotic (hem-at-ot'-ik). Relating to hematosis.

hematotoxic (hem-at-o-toks'-ik) [hemato-; t6£ikov,
a poison]. Pertaining to a poisoned or impure
state of the blood.

hematotympanum (hem-at-o-tim' -pan-um) [hemato-;
rvp.-Ka.vov, drum]. Bloody exudation in the drum-
cavity.

hematoxic (hem-at-oks'-ik) [hemato-; to&kov, a
poison]. The same as hematotoxic.

hematoxin (hem-at-oks'-in) [hemato-; to^lkov,
poison]. Any blood-poison or poisonous principle
developed in the blood.

hematoxylin (hem-at-oks'-il-in) [hemato-; %b\ovy
wood], CieHuOe. The coloring-matter of logwood.
It is a crystalline substance and is used as a stain in
microscopy.

hematoxylon (hem-at-oks' -il-on) [see hematoxylin].
Logwood. The hcematoxylon of the U. S. P. is the
heart-wood of Hcematoxylon campechianum ; it con-
tains tannic acid and a coloring principle, hematoxylin*
and is a mild astringent, h., decoction of (decoctum
hcematoxyli, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc).
h., extract of (extr actum hcematoxyli, U. S. P.).
Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.).

hematozemia (hem-at-o-ze' -me-ah) [hemato-; $np.lar
a loss]. A gradual or periodic discharge of blood.

hematozoic (hem-at-o-zo'-ik) [hemato-; £Caov, an
animal]. Pertaining to a hematozoon.

hematozoon (hem-at-o-zo'-on) [hemato-; f£op,
animal; pi., hematozoa]. Any animal parasite in the
blood. Haematozoon malariae, a hyaline ameboid
body found in the blood of malarial patients.

hematozymosis (hem-at-o-zi-mo'-sis) [hemato-; £6-
poio-is, fermentation]. Fermentation of the blood.

HEMATOZYMOTIC

416

HEMICEREBRUM

hematozymotic (hem-at-o-zi-mot'-ik) [hemato-; t^nv,
leaven]. Relating to a blood-ferment, or to fermen-
tation in the blood of a living organism.

hematropin {hem-at'-ro-pin). Phenylglycolyltro-
pein ; a fluid preparation of hemoglobin.

hematuresis (hem-at-u-re'-sis) [see hematuria].
The passage of bloody urine.

hematuria (hem-at-u'-re-ah) [hemato-; ovpov, urine].
The discharge of urine containing blood. When only
the coloring-matter of the blood is found in the urine,
it is, termed hemoglobinuria or hematinuria. hema-
turia aegyptica. See h., endemic, h., chylous, hema-
tochyluria. h., endemic, a form occurring in tropical
countries due to parasites peculiar to the particular
locality, h., false, the discharge of red urine, due to
the ingestion of food or drugs containing red pigments.

hemautogram (hem-aw'-to-gram) [hemato-; avros,
self; ypanna, a tracing]. The tracing made in hem-
autography.

hemautograph (Jtem-aw'-to-graf). Same as hem-
autogram.

hemautography (hem-aw-tog'-ra-fe) [alfia, blood;
avrds, self; ypd<j>eiv, to write]. The tracing produced
by a jet of blood from a divided artery caught upon
paper drawn in front of it.

hemelytrometra (hem-el-it-ro-me'-trah) [alfia, blood;
eXvTpov, a sheath; firirpa, uterus]. An accumulation
of blood in the uterus and vagina, h. lateralis, a
collection of menstrual blood in the rudimentary
half of a double vagina.

hemendothelioma (hem-en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [alfia,
blood; endothelioma]. An endothelioma caused by
proliferation of the endothelium of the blood-vessels.

hemeralopia (hem-er-al-o'-pe-ah) {fffikpa, day; &\j/,
eye]. Day-vision or night-blindness; a symptom of
pigmentary degeneration of the retina, failure of
general nutrition, etc. Vision is good by day or in a
strong light, but fails at night. See nyctalopia.

hemeraphonia (hem-er-af-o'-ne-ah) [yfijkpa, day; &,
priv. ; (jxavri, voice]. Loss of voice during the day,
with return of the power of phonation at night.

hemeropathia (hem-er-o-path'-e-ah) [vfikpa, day;
vaBos, disease], i. Any disease lasting but one day.
2. A disease that is more severe during the day.

hemi- (hem'-e) fa/u-. half]. A prefix signifying half.

hemiablepsia (hem-e-ab-lep'-se-ah) [hemi-; aPte^ia,
blindness]. See hemianopsia.

hemiacephalia (hem-e-ah-sef-a'-le-ah) [hemi-; d,
priv.; Ke4>a\ij, head]. A monstrosity having a
shapeless tumor representing the head, in which
portions of the encephalon are contained. Syn.,
acephalia spuria; hypacephalia.

hemiacephalus (hem-e-ah-sef-al-us) [hemi-; a,
priv.; Ke<j>aXr], head]. A variety of omphalositic
monsters of the species paracephalus. It is the
lowest grade of development in paracephalus, closely
approaching true acephalus.

hemiachromatopsia (hem-e-ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah)
[hemi-; a, priv.; xpu>fia, color; 6\(/is, vision]. Color-
blindness in one-half of the field of vision.

hemiageusia (hem-e-ah-gu'-se-ah) [hemi-; a, priv.;
yevcns, taste]. One-sided loss or diminution of the
sense of taste.

hemialbumin (hem-e-aV -bu-min) . See antialbumin.

hemialbuminose Qiem-e-al-bu' -min-os) . The same
as hemialbumose. ]

hemialbumose (hem-e-al' -bu-mos) [hemi-; albumen,
the white of egg]. The most characteristic and most
frequently obtained by-product of proteid digestion.
It is the forerunner of hemipeptone.

hemialbumosuria (hem-e-al-bu-mos-u'-re-ah). The
presence of hemialbumose in the urine; propep-
tonuria.

hemialgia (hem-e-al'-je-ah) [hemi-; a\yos, pain].
Unilateral neuralgia.

hemiamaurosis (hem-e-am-aw-ro'-sis) [hemi-; am-
aurosis]. A form of transitory blindness in which
hemianopia is combined with amblyopia in the other
half of the visual field.

hemiamblyopia (hem-e-am-ble-o'-pe-ah). See hemi-
anopsia.

hemianalgesia (hem-e-an-al-je'-ze-ah) [hemi-; av,
priv.; ahyo's, pain]. Insensibility to pain throughout
one lateral half of the body and limbs.

hemianasarca (hem-e-an-as-ar'-kah) [hemi-; Lvh,
through; <xap£, flesh]. Edema of one-half of the
body.

hemianesthesia (hem-e-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [hemi-;
avaiadtiaia, want of feeling]. Anesthesia of one
lateral half of the body, h., alternate, that affecting

one side of the head and the opposite side of the
body, h., bulbar, that due to disease of the ob-
longata, h., cerebral, that due to lesion in one of
the cerebral hemispheres in the part of the capsula
between the thalamus and dorsal part of the lenticula.
h., crossed, i. That associated with motor paralysis
of the opposite half of the body. 2. See h., alternate.
h., functional, that due to functional causes rather
than to cerebral or spinal lesion, h., hysterical, tactile
and thermal hemianesthesia coming on gradually or
suddenly and of variable duration in hysterical sub-
jects, h., organic, that due to lesion in the central
nervous system, h., saturnine, that due to lead-
poisoning, h., Turck's, anesthesia affecting the
functions of the posterior spinal roots of one side, at
times also those of the nerves of special sense. It is
caused by lesions of the posterior portion of the
capsula and the contiguous region of the corona radi-
ata.

hemianopsia, hemianopia (hem-e-an-op'-se-ah, hem-
e-an-o' -pe-ah) [hemi-; av, priv.; 8^-is, sight]. Blind-
ness in one-half of the visual field. It may be
bilateral (binocular) or unilateral (unilocular), h.,
binasal, blindness on the nasal side of the visual
field, usually due to disease of the outer sides of
the optic commissure, h., bitemporal, blindness on
the temporal side of the visual field, due to disease of
the central parts of the commissure, h., crossed,
h., heteronymous, a general term for either binasal
or bitemporal hemianopia. h., homonymous, the
form affecting the inner half of one field and the outer
half of the other, h., lateral, h. lateralis, a form in
which the temporal half of one visual field and the
nasal half of the other visual field are wanting; a
vertical line through the center of vision sharply
defining the defect, h., vertical. See h., lateral.

hemianoptic (hem-e-an-op'-tik) [hemi-; av, priv.;
6\pis, sight]. Affected with hemianopsia.

hemianosmia (hem-e-an-oz' -me-ah) [hemi-; anos-
mia]. Loss of smell in one nostril.

hemiarthrosis (hem-e-ar -thro' -sis) [hemi-; apSpwan,
a joining]. A false synchondrosis.

hemiasynergia (hem-e-as-in-ur'-je-ah) [hemi-; a,
priv.; vvv, with; epyov, work]. Asynergia affecting
only one side of the body.

hemiataxia (hem-e-at-aks' -e-ah) [hemi-; a, priv.;
ra^is, order]. Ataxia limited to one side of the
body.

hemiathetosis (hem-e-ath-et-o'-sis) [hemi-; aderos,
without fixed position]. Athetosis of one side of the
body.

hemiatonia (hem-e-at-o'-ne-ah) [hemi- ; arovla, want
of tone]. Diminution or loss of muscular or vital
energy in one-half of the body. h. apoplectica,
hemihypertonia postapoplectica.

hemiatrophy (hem-e-at'-ro-fe) [hemi-; arpo<j>la,
lack of nourishment]. Atrophy confined to one side
of the body.

hemiazygous (hem-e-az'-ig-us) [hemi-; a$vyos,
unpaired]. Partially paired; imperfectly azygous.
h. veins. See vein.

hemibranchiate (hem-e-brang'-ke-at) [hemi-; fipay-
xia, gills]. In biology, having an incomplete
branchial apparatus.

hemic (he'-mik) [alfia, blood]. Pertaining to or
developed by the blood, h. calculus, a concretion
of coagulated blood, h. murmur, a murmur due to
anemia.

hemicanities (hem-e-kan-ish'-e-ez) [hemi-; canities].
Canities on one side only.

hemicardia (hem-e-kar'-de-ah) [hemi-; napUa,
heart]. Half of a four-chambered heart.

hemicatalepsy (hem-e-kat'-al-ep-se) [hemi-; cata-
lepsy]. Catalepsy affecting only one lateral half of
the subject.

hemicellulose (hem-e-sel'-u-los) [hemi-; cellula, a
little cell]. A term for all the carbohydrates in the
cell-wall which are not colored blue by chlorzinc
iodide.

hemicentrum (hem-e-sen'-trum) [hemi-; centrum].
Either one of the two lateral elements of the centrum
of a vertebra.

hemicephalia (hem-e-sef-a'-le-ah). Synonym of
hemicrania.

hemicephalus (hem-e-sef'-a-lus) [hemi-; ice<t>a\r),
head]. A monster in which the cerebral hemi-
spheres and skull are lacking.

hemicerebrum (hem-e-ser-e'-brum) [hemi-; cere-
brum]. A cerebral hemisphere.

HEMICHOREA

417

HEMIPLEGIA

hemichorea (hem-e-ko-re'-ah) [hemi-; xopeia,
chorea]. A form of chorea in which the convulsive
movements are confined to one side of the body.

hemichromanopsia (hem-e-kro-man-op'-se-ah). See
hemiachromatopsia.

hemichromosome (hem-e-kro'-mo-som) [hemi- ;
chromosome]. The body formed by the longitudinal
splitting of the chromosome.

hemicollin (hem-e-kol'-in) [hemi-; KoXXa, glue],
C47H70N14O19. A peptone-like substance derived from
collagen.

hemicrania (hem-e-kra'-ne-ah) [hemi-; Kpavlov,
head]. 1. Neuralgia of one-half of the head; mi-
graine. 2. Imperfect development or absence of
the anterior or posterior part of the skull.

hemicranic (hem-e-kra'-nik) [hemi-; Kpavlov, skull].
Pertaining to half the skull, h. equivalents, a name
given to isolated symptoms — flitting scotomata,
vomiting, vaso-motor disturbances, etc. — in cases of
aborted migraine.

hemicraniectomy (hem-e-kra-ne-ek'-to-me) [hemi-;
craniectomy]. Doyen's operation of sectioning the
cranial vault near the mesial line, from before back-
ward, and pressing the entire side outward to expose
one-half of the brain.

hemicranin (hem-e-kra'-nin). A proprietary rem-
edy for neuralgia said to consist of phenacetin, 5
parts; caffeine, 1 part; citric acid, 1 part. Dose,
5-15 gr.

hemicraniosis (hem-e-kra-ne-o'-sis) [hemi-; Kpavlov,
head]. Enlargement of one half of the cranium or
face.

hemicyclic (hem-e-si'-klik) [hemi-; k(jk\os, a
circle]. In biology, having certain of the floral
organs arranged in whorls, and others in a spiral.

hemidesmus (hem-e-dez'-mus) [hemi-; 5e<rp.6s, a
band]. Indian sarsaparilla. The dried root of H.
indicus, imported from India. It is a tonic, altera-
tive, diaphoretic, and diuretic, h., syr. (B. P.).
Dose 3J-

hemidiaphoresis Qiem-e-di-af-or-e'-sis) [hemi-; bia-
<p6pr)<7is, sweating]. Sweating of one lateral half of
the body.

hemidrosis (Jtem-id-ro'-sis). See hematidrosis.

hemidysesthesia Qiem-e-dis-es-the' -ze-ah) [hemi- ;
Svs-, difficult; alad-qois, sensation]. Dysesthesia of
a lateral half of the body.

hemidystropbia (hem-e-dis-tro'-fe-ah) [hemi-; Svs,
ill; rpoipri, nourishment]. The state of being imper-
fectly nourished.

hemiencephalon (hem-e-en-sef -al-on) [hemi-; iyicizp-
aXos, brain]. Either lateral half of the brain.

hemiencephalus (hem-e-en-sef -al-us) [hemi-; iyic&p-
aXos, brain]. A monster without organs of sense,
but haying otherwise a nearly normal brain.

hemiepilepsy (hem-e-ep'-il-ep-se) [hemi-; £wt,\i}\[/la,
epilepsy]. A form of epilepsy in which the con-
vulsions are confined to one lateral half of the body.

hemifacial (hem-e-fa'-shal). Pertaining to one
lateral half of the face.

hemifornix (hem-e-for'-niks) [hemi-; fornix, an
arch, vault]. A name used to designate the irregular,
elongated portion of either paracelian floor, com-
posed of hippocamp, fimbria, and fornicolumn.

hemiglossitis (hem-e-glos-i'-tis) [hemi-; yXuxro-a,
tongue; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of one-
half of the tongue.

hemihidrosis (hem-e-hid-ro'-sis) [hemi-; i5po>s,
sweat]. The same as hemidiaphoresis.

hemihypalgesia (hem-e-hi-pal-je'-se-ah) [hemi- ; hyp-
algesia]. Hypalgesia limited to one side of the
body.

hemihyperesthesia (hem-e-hi-per-es-the' -ze-ah)

[hemi-; virep, over; atotfijo-is, sensation]. Hyper-
esthesia confined to one lateral half of the body.

hemihypertonia (hem-e-hi-per-to' -ne-ah) [hemi-;
hypertonia]. Increased muscular tonicity confined
to one-half of the body. h. postapoplectica, an
intermittent tonic spasm distributed over one-half
of the body, affecting at times different groups of
muscles without loss of power in the muscles affected.
It follows an apoplectic attack.

hemihypertrophy (hem-e-hi-per'-tro-fe) [hemi-; hy-
pertrophy]. Hypertrophy of half of the body.

hemihypesthesia (hem-e-hi-pes-the' '-ze-ah) [hemi- ;
inrb, under; alaBijats, perception]. Impairment of
sensibility in one lateral half of the body.

hemihypogeusia (hem-e-hi-po-gu'-se-ah). See hemi-
ageusia.
15

hemihypothermia (hem-e-hi-po-ther'-me-ah) [hemi-;
viro, under; deppy, heat]. Diminution of the tempera-
ture limited to one side of the body.

hemihypotonia (hem-e-hi-po-to' -ne-ah) [hemi-; faro,
under; rbvos, tone]. Partial loss of tonicity of one
side of the body.

hemilateral (hem-e-lat'-er-al). Pertaining to one
lateral half.

hemilethargy (hem-e-leth'-ar-je) [hemi-; lethargy].
A state of partial lethargy.

hemilingual (hem-e-ling'-wal) [hemi-; lingua,
tongue]. Pertaining to one lateral half of the
tongue.

hemilytic (hem-e-lit'-ik) [hemi- ; Xwns, a loosening].
Relating to a condition of retarded change.

hemimelus (hem-im'-el-us) [hemi-; nk\os, a limb],
A monster with incomplete or stunted extremities.

hemimetaboly (hem-e-met-ab'-o-le) [hemi-; fiera-
0o\ri, transformation]. In biology, incomplete or
imperfect metamorphosis; hemimetamorphosis.

hernimetarnorphosis (hem-e-met-am-or'-fo-sis)

[hemi-; p.eTaii6p<pwo-t.s, transformation]. In biology,
incomplete metamorphosis; hemimetaboly.

hemimyasthenia (hem-e-mi-as-the'-ne-ah) [hemi-;
fivs, muscle; ao-Oeveia, weakness]. Myasthenia of
one lateral half of the body.

hemimyoclonus (hem-e-mi-ok'-lo-nus) [hemi-; ftvs,
muscle; k\6vos, commotion]. Clonic spasm of the
muscles of one lateral half of the body.

hemin (hem'-in) [alfia, blood], C32H3oN4Fe03 . HC1.
Crystalline hematin chloride, of which Teichmann's
crystals, doubly refractive crystals derived from
blood by heating a drop of blood on a glass slide with
a little glacial acetic acid, are composed, h., test for.
See Teichmann.

hemineurasthenia (hem-e-nii-ras-the' -ne-ah) [hemi- ;
vevpov, a nerve; aadeveia, weakness]. Neurasthenia
affecting one lateral half of the body.

hemiopalgia (hem-e-op-al'-je-ah) [hemi-; &$, eye;
0X70S, pain]. Hemicrania with pain in one eye.

hemiopia (hem-e-o'-pe-ah) . See hemianopsia.

hemiopic (hem-e-o'-pik). Pertaining to hemi-
anopsia, h. pupillary reaction, Wernicke's reaction.

hemipagus (hem-ip' -ag-us) [hemi-; -n-nyvvvai, to
unite]. A monomphalic monstrosity united at the
thorax, and with a common mouth.

hemiparaanesthesia (hem-e-par-ah-an-es-the' -ze-ah)
[hemi-; paraanesthesia]. Paraanesthesia limited to
one side of the body and due to destructive lesion
of the lateral half of the spinal cord.

hemiparaplegia (hem-e-par-ap-le'-je-ah) [hemi- ;
vapair\j)yia, paralysis of the limbs]. Paralysis of a
lower limb on one side only.

hemiparesis (hem-e-par'-es-is) [hemi-; irapeo-n,
impairment of strength]. Paresis of one side of the
body.

hemiparesthesia (Jiem-e-par-es-the' -ze-ah) [hemi-;
irapa, beside; aiadtiais, sensation]. Numbness or
paresthesia of one lateral half of the body.

hemiparetic (hem-e-par-et'-ik) [hemi-; ir&peais,
impairment of strength]. Affected with hemiparesis.

hemipeptone (Jtem-e-pep'-ton). See peptone.

hemiphalacrosis (hem-e-fal-ak-ro'-sis) [hemi-; <j>a\-
aKpaxris, baldness]. Baldness affecting one lateral
half of the head.

hemiphonia (hem-e-fo'-ne-ah) [hemi-; ^wvri,^ voice].
Speech having the characteristics of half-voice, half
whisper; used by patients in great weakness and
exhaustion.

hemiplectic (hem-e-plek'-lik). Same as hemiplegic.

hemiplegia (hem-e-ple'-je-ah) [hemi-; irXriyq, stroke].
Paralysis of one side of the body, due usually to a
lesion in the internal capsule or corpus striatum,
but at times caused by an extensive lesion of the
cortex, or a lesion of the crus, pons, medulla, or
upper part of the spinal cord. If in the brain, the
lesion is on the side opposite to the paralysis, h.,
alternate, paralysis of the facial muscles upon one
side, with paralysis of the trunk and extremities
upon the opposite side of the body, h., bilateral
spastic. See paraplegia, infantile spasmodic, h.,
cerebral, the ordinary form first described, h.,
choreic, that followed by chorea, especially in
young adults, h., crossed. Same as h., alternate.
h., facial, motor paralysis of one side of the face
h., homolateral, uncrossed hemiplegia, h., spastic,
a form occurring in infants, in which the affected
extremities are spastically contracted, h., spinal.
See Brown-S equard' s paralysis.

HEMIPLEGIAC

418

HEMOGLOBINOMETER

hemiplegiac (jhem-e-ple'-je-ak). An individual
affected with hemiplegia.

hemiplegic (hem-e-plej'-ik). Relating to or affected
with hemiplegia; hemiplectic.

hemiprosoplegia (hem-e-pro-so-ple'-je-ah) [hemi-;
■jrpopuTrov, face; itXtjy^, stroke]. Paralysis of one
side of the face.

hemiprotein (hem-e-pro'-te-in). Same as antial-
bumin.^

hemirheumatism (hem-e-ru'-mat-izm) [hemi- ;

rheumatism]. Rheumatism confined to one lateral
half of the body.

hemisection (hem-e-sek'-shun) [hemi-; sectio, a
cutting]. Bisection; chiefly applied to division into
two lateral halves. See medi section.

hemiseptum (Jtem-e-sep'-tum) [hemi-; septum, a
partition]. The lateral half of a septum, as of the
heart; the lateral half of the septum lucidum.

hemisine (hem'-e-sin). Trade name of an active
principle of suprarenal gland.

hemisomus (hem-e-so'-mus) [hemi-; o-w/xa, body].
A monster with one side of the body imperfectly
developed.

hemispasm (hem'-e-spazm) [hemi-; <nra<r(i6s, a
spasm]. A spasm affecting only one side of the
body.

hemisphere (hem'-is-fer) [hemi-; a<palpa, a sphere].
Half a sphere, h., cerebellar, either lateral half of
the cerebellum, h., cerebral, either lateral half of
the cerebrum.

hemisystole (hem-e-sis'-to-le) [hemi-; avaroKri, a
contraction]. A peculiar kind of irregular action of
the heart-muscle, in which, with every two beats of
the heart, only one beat of the pulse is felt.

hemiterata (hem-e-ter'-at-ah) [hemi-; repas, a
monster]. A class of malformations not grave
enough to be called monstrous.

hemiteratic (hem-e-ter-at'-ik). Pertaining to hemi-
terata.

hemithennoanesthesia (hem-e-ther-mo-an-es-the'-ze-
ah) [hemi-; Qkpntj, heat; anesthesia]. Insensibility
to heat and cold limited to one side of the body.

hemitis (hem-i'-tis) [hemi-; ins, inflammation].
A condition of the blood associated with inflamma-
tion.

hemitomias (hem-e-to'-me-as) [hemi-; touIos, one
who has been castrated]. A man who has been
deprived of one testis.

hemitonia (hem-e-to'-ne-ah) [hemi-; rbvos, tension].
One-sided tonic muscle-contraction in brain disease.

hemitoxin (hem-e-toks'-in) [hemi-; toxin]. A toxin
deprived of half of its original toxicity.

hemlock (hem'-lok). i. See conium. 2. A tree of
the genus Tsuga.

nemo-, haemo- (hem-o-) [alfia, blood]. A prefix
signifying of or pertaining to the blood.

hemoagglutination (hem-o-ag-glu-tin-a'-shun). The
clumping of red blood-corpuscles. Cf. hemato-
agglutinin.

hemoalkalimeter (hem-o-al-kal-im'-et-er) [hemo- ;
alkaline; ukrpov, measure]. An apparatus for
estimating the degree of alkalinity of the blood.

hemobilinuria (hem-o-bil-in-u'-re-ah) [hemo-; bilis,
bile; oipov, urine]. The presence of urobilin in the
blood.

hemoblast (hem'-o-blast). See hematoblast.

hemocatatonistic (hem-o-kat-at-on-is'-tik) [hemo- ;
Kara, down; tovos, tension]. Tending to diminish
the cohesion between the hemoglobin and the red
blood-corpuscles.

hemocelom (hem-o-se'-lom) [hemo-; noiXia, a
cavity]. A blood-cyst.

hemochromatosis (hem-o-kro-mat-o'-sis) [hemo- ;
xpuna, color]. Discoloration of the tissues, par-
ticularly the skin, by deposition of a pigment from
the blood.

hemochromogen (hem-o-kro'-mo-jen) [hemo-; xpwjua,
color; yewav, to produce]. i. Hemoglobin. 2. A
hypothetic substance formed by the decomposition
of hemoglobin with acids or alkalies in the absence
of oxygen.

hemochromometer (hem-o-kro-mom'-et-er) [hemo- ;
XP&fJ-a., color; ixkrpov, measure]. Colorimeter; an
instrument for estimating the amount of oxyhemo-
globin in the blood, by comparing a solution of the
blood with a standard solution of picrocarminate of
ammonium.

hemoclasis (hem-ok' -las-is) [hemo-; icXcuns, de-
struction]. Hemolysis; destruction of the erythro-
cytes.

hemoclastic (hem-o-klas'-lik). Hemolytic.

hemococcidium (hem-o-koks-id'-e-um). Same as
Plasmodium.

hemoconia. See hemokonia.

hemocryoscopy (hem-o-kri-os'-ko-pe). Cryoscopy
applied to blood. See cryoscopy.

hemocrystallin (hem-o-kris'-tal-in). See hemoglobin.

hemocyanin (hem-o-si'-an-in) [hemo-; nvavos*
blue]. A coloring-matter found in the blood of
certain invertebrates. It contains copper, and
gives to the blood a blue color.

hemocyte (Jhem'-o-slt). A blood-corpuscle.

hemocytolysis (hem-o-si-tol'-is-is) [hemo-; kvtos, a
cell; \vtiv, to unloose]. The dissolution of blood-
corpuscles.

hemocytometer (hem-o-si-tom'-et-er) [hemo-; kvtos,
a cell; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for esti-
mating the number of corpuscles in the blood.

hemocytotripsis (hem-o-si-to-trip'-sis) [hemo-; kvtos,
a cell; rpLfciv, to rub]. The breaking up of blood-
corpuscles under strong pressure.

hemocytozoon (hem-o-si-to-zo'-on) [hemo-; kvtos, a
cell; Zibov, an animal]. The Plasmodium of malaria.

hemodia {hem-o' -de-ah) [alfjLudteii>, to set the teeth
on edge]. Excessive sensibility of the teeth; the
"setting the teeth on edge."

hemodiagnosis (hem-o-di-ag-no'-sis) [hemo-; diag-
nosis]. Diagnosis by examination of the blood.

hemodiapedesis (hem-o-di-ap-ed-e'-sis) [hemo-;
8iairr)57i<ns, an oozing through]. The transudation
of blood through the skin.

hemodiarrhea Qiem-o-di-ar-e'-ah). Dysentery.

hemodiastase (hem-o-di' -as-taz) [hemo-; Siaareuris,
separation]. The amylolytic enzyme of the blood.

hemodromograph (hem-o-dro'-mo-graf). See hema-
dromograph.

hemodromometer (hem-o-dro-mom'-et-er). See

hemadromometer.

hemodynamics (hem-o-di-nam'-iks). See hemo-
dynamics.

hemodynamometer (hem-o-di-nam-om'-et-er). See
hemadynamometer.

hemof errogen (hem-o-fer'-o-jen) . A dry preparation
of blood proposed as a remedy in anemic conditions.

hemof errum (hem-o-fer'-um). 1. See oxyhemoglobin.
2. The iron in the hemoglobin.

hemof uscin (hem-o-fus'-in) [hemo-; fuscus, dark].
The yellowish-brown, iron-free pigment found in
hemochromatosis.

hemogallol (hem-o-gal'-ol) [hemo-; galla, gallnut],
A proprietary substance occurring as a brownish-red
powder, and formed by oxidizing the hemoglobin of
the blood by pyrogallol. It is used in anemia in
doses of gr. jss-vijss.

hemogastric (hem-o-gas'-trik) [hemo-; yaarrip,
stomach]. Pertaining to blood in the stomach.

hemogenesis {hem-o-jen'-es-is). See hematogenesis.

hemogenic {hem-o- j en' -ik). See hematogenic.

hemoglobic (hem-o-glo'-bik). Applied to cells con-
taining or generating -hemoglobin.

hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'-bin) [hemo-; globus, a
ball]. The coloring-matter of the red corpuscles.
It is an exceedingly complex body, containing iron;
it crystallizes in rhombic plates or prisms, and is
composed of hemalin and a proteid substance, called
globulin. It has a strong affinity for oxygen, and
the greater part of the oxygen in the blood is in
combination with it as oxyhemoglobin. When it
gives up the oxygen to the tissues it becomes reduced
hemoglobin. It is used in treatment of anemia in
daily doses of 75-150 gr. (5-10 Gm.). Syn., purple
cruorin. h., tests for. See Robert, Tallqvist.

hemoglobinemia (hem-o-glo-bin-e'-me-ah) [hemo- *
globin; alfxa, blood]. A condition in which the
hemoglobin is dissolved out of the red corpuscles,
probably as the result of the destruction of the
latter, and is held in solution in the serum. The
blood is "lake" colored. It occurs in some infectious
diseases and after injecting certain substances into
the blood.

hemoglobiniferous (hem-o-glo-bin-if'-er-us) [hemo-
globin; ferre, to bear]. Yielding or carrying hemo-
globin.

hemoglobinocholia (hem-o-glo-bin-o-ko'-le-ah) [hemo-
globin; xoX^. bile]. The presence of hemoglobin in
the bile.

hemoglobinometer {hem-o-glo-bin-om'-et-er) [hemo-
globin; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for the
quantitative estimation of hemoglobin in the blood,
h., Dare's, an instrument consisting of a pipet and

HEMOGLOBINORRHEA

419

HEMOPTYSIS

two glass plates by means of which the undiluted
blood is arranged into a stratum of exact thickness.
It is illuminated by direct candle-light, and compared
with a glass color-scale which is shifted by means of
an adjusting wheel. The percentage of hemoglobin
is shown by an indicator, h., Fleischl's, in this a
certain dilution of the blood is made, and its color
then compared with that of different thicknesses of a
sliding wedge of red glass, h., Gowers', in this the
calculation is made by measuring the amount of
dilution necessary to make the blood of the same
shade as a standard solution of carmine in gelatin.

hemoglobinorrhea {hem-o-glo-bin-or-e'-ah) [hemo-
globin; poia, a flow]. The escape of hemoglobin
from the blood-vessels, haemoglobinorrhoea cutis,
an effusion of hemoglobin into the skin, due to
venous engorgement.

hemoglobinuria (hem-o-glo-bin-u'-re-ah) [hemoglo-
bin; olpov, urine]. The presence of hemoglobin in
the urine, due either to its solution out of the red
corpuscles or to disintegration of the red corpuscles.
h., epidemic, hemoglobinuria of the new-born associ-
ated with jaundice, cyanosis, and nervous symptoms.
Syn., Winckel's disease, h., intermittent, h., par-
oxysmal, a form characterized by recurring periodic
attacks. It is related to cold, and is also closely
associated with Raynaud's disease, h., toxic, that
form occurring in consequence of poisoning by various
substances.

hemoglobulin (hem-o-glob' '-il-lin) [hemo-; globus,
a ball]. Same as hemoglobin.

Hemogregarina (hem-o-greg-ar-i'-nah) [hemo- ; Greg-
arina, a genus of Protozoa]. Gregarine-like bodies
found in the blood of persons affected with malaria.

hemohydronephrosis (hem -o-hi- dro -nef-ro'- sis)
[hemo-; vSup, water; ve<f>p6s, kidney]. A cystic
tumor of the kidney with blood and urine in the
contents.

hemoid (hem-oid') [hem-; elSos, likeness]. Have
the appearance of, or resembling, blood.

hemokelidosis (hem-o-kel-id-o'-sis) [hemo-; kti\l8ovv,
to stain]. Contamination of the blood; purpura.

hemokonia (hem-o-ko'-ne-ah) [hemo-; novia, dust].
Minute, colorless, highly refractive, spheroidal or
dumb-bell-shaped bodies constantly present in normal
and pathological blood. They are not more than i n
in diameter, and possess active, limited molecular
motility, but not true ameboid motion. Syn., blood-
dust; blood-motes.

hemol (hem'-oT) [alpa, blood]. A dark-brown
powder obtained by the action of zinc upon de-
fibrinated blood, and said to contain i % of soluble
iron. Dose in anemia if-6 gr. (0.1-0.5 Gm.).

hemoleukocyte (hem-o-loo'-ko-sit). A white blood-
corpuscle.

hemolipase (hem-o-li'-pas). A fat-splitting fer-
ment found in the blood.

hemology (hem-ol'-o-je) [hemo-; \6yos, science].
The science treating of the blood.

hemolutein (hem-o-loo' -te-in) [hemo-; luteus, yel-
low]. A yellow coloring-matter obtained from
corpora lutea.

hemolymph {hem'-o-limf) [hemo-; lympha, clear
water]. 1. Blood and lymph. 2. The circulating
nutritive fluid of certain invertebrates, h. glands,
a variety of glands which are a kind of cross between
the hemogenic glands (e. g. the spleen) and the
lymphatic glands. The small prevertebral glands
are examples.

hemolysin (hem-ol'-is-in) [hemo-; \v<ns, solution].
A substance produced in the body of one species of
animal by the introduction of red blood-corpuscles
derived from the body of another species. It is
capable of dissolving the red blood-corpuscles of the
animal species from which the blood was obtained.
Syn., erythrolysin. h., bacterial, that formed by
the action of bacteria.

hemolysis (hem-ol'-is-is). See hematolysis.

hemolytic (hem-ol-it'-ik). An agent causing
destruction of the red blood-corpuscles, h. serum,
a serum which causes hemolysis.

hemolyze (hem'-ol-iz). To produce hemolysis.

hemomanometer (hem-o-man-om' -et-er) [hemo- ;
lj.avos, thin; p.krpov, a measure]. A manometer used
in estimating blood-pressure.

hemomediastinum (hem-o-me-de-as-ti'-num) . See
hematomediastinum.

hemomere (hem'-o-mer) [hemo-; y.kpo%, a part].
A portion of a metamere derived from the vascular
system or taking part in its formation.

hemometer (hem-om'-et-er) . See hemoglobinometer.

hemometra (hem-o-me'-trah). See hematometra.

hemometrectasia (hem-o-met-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [hemo-;
tx-qrpa, uterus; ^crowns, a stretching]. Dilatation of
the uterus from effusion of blood into its cavity.

hemometry (hem-om'-et-re) [hemo-; fi'erpov, a
measure]. Estimation of the amount of hemoglobin
or of the number of corpuscles in the blood. Normal
Count: Erythrocytes (red corpuscles), 5,000,000;
leukocytes (white corpuscles), 6000 to 8000; hemo-
globin, 100 %. Differential Count of Leuckoytes:
Polymorphonuclears, 62 to 70 %; small lympho-
cytes, 20 to 30%; large lymphocytes, 4 to 8%;
transitionals, 1 to 2%; eosinophiles, 0.5 to 4 %;
mast-cells, 0.25 to 0.5 %.

hemonervine (hem-o-nur'-ven). A proprietary
tonic said to consist of calcium phosphoglycerate,
hemoglobin, iron, and strychnine.

hemoophoritis (hem-o-off-or-i'-tis) [hem-; oophori-
tis]. Oophoritis with hemorrhage.

hemopathology (hem-o-path-ol'-o-je) [hemo-; path-
ology]. The pathology of the blood.

hemopericardium (hem-o-per-ik-ar'-de-um) [hemo-;
pericardium]. An effusion of blood into the peri-
cardial cavity.

hemoperitoneum (hem-o-per-it-on-e'-um). A bloody
effusion into the peritoneal cavity.

hemopexia (hem-o-peks'-e-ah) [hemo-; irrjl-is, a
fixing]. A general name for diseases characterized
by a tendency of the blood to coagulate.

hemopexin (hem-o-peks'-in). A ferment capable
of coagulating blood.

hemophagic (hem-o-faj'-ik) [hemo-; <f>ayelv, to
eat]. Feeding upon blood; applied to certain animal
parasites.

hemophagocyte (hem-o-fag'-o-slt) [hemo-; <payelv,to
eat; kvtos, a cell]. Any phagocyte of the blood; a
white blood corpuscle.

hemophilia (hem-o-fil' -e-ah) [hemo-; <t>i\elv, to
love]. Bleeder's disease, an abnormal tendency to
hemorrhage. It is usually hereditary, and though
it is most common in males, the hereditary influence
is transmitted through the mother.

hemophiliac (hem-o-fil' -e-ak) [see hemophilia].
One who is affected with hemophilia.

hemophobia. See hematophobia.

hemophotograph (hem-o-fo'-to-graf) [hemo-; photo-
graph]. A photograph of blood-corpuscles; it is
used in determining the hemoglobin content. Syn.,
hemaphotograph.

hemophthalmia (hem-of-thal'-me-ah) [hemo-; 6<j>-
6a\nbs, eye]. A hemorrhage into the interior of the
eye.

hemophthalmos (hem-off-thai' -mos) [hemo-; 6<pda\-
fios, the eye]. Blood in the vitreous chamber
characterized by a reddish reflex from the pupil.

hemophthisis (hem-off-thi'-sis) [hemo-; <pOLois,
wasting]. Anemia dependent upon undue degener-
ation of the red blood-corpuscles.

hemophysallis (hem-o-fis-al'-is) [hemo-; (pwaWLs,
a bladder]. A pustule or vesicle filled with blood.

hemoplanesis, hemoplania (hem-o-plan-e'-sis, hem-
o-pla' -ne-ah) . See hematoplania.

hemoplasmodium (hem-o-plaz-mo'-de-um) [hemo- ;
Plasmodium]. The Plasmodium of malaria.

hemoplastic (hem-o-plas'-tik) [hemo-; v\daativ,
to form]. Same as hematoplastic.

hemopneumothorax (hem-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks) [hemo-;
irveuna, air; flwpdl, the chest]. A collection of air
and blood within the pleural cavity.

hemopoiesis (hem-o-poi-e'-sis). See hematopoiesis.

hemoprecipitin (hem-o-pre-sip'-it-in). See precipitin.

hemoproctia (hem-o-prok'-te-ah) [hemo-; irpuKros,
the anus]. Rectal hemorrhage. Bloody discharge
from hemorrhoids.

Hemoproteus (hem-o-pro'-te-us). A protozoan para-
site of malaria found in the blood-corpuscles of birds.

hemopsonin (hem-op' -son-in). A substance which
is opsonic for red blood corpuscles.

hemoptic, hemoptoic (hem-op'-tik, hem-op -to' -ik).
Relating to or attended by hemoptysis.

Hemoptyic, hemoptysic (hem-op' -te-ik, hem-op'-tis-
ik). See hemoptic.

hemoptysis (hem-op' -tis-is) [hemo-; wrvea', to
spit]. The spitting of blood from the larynx, trachea,
bronchi, or lungs, h., parasitic, a disease due to the
fluke, Paragonimus Westermanii, which lodges in the
lungs, and exceptionally in other organs. The diag-
nosis is made by finding the characteristic ova in
the sputum.

HEMOQUINONE

420

HENLE'S AMPULLA

hemoquinine (hem-o-kwin-en'). Trade name of a
preparation said to contain iron, quinine, manganese
and arsenic.

hemorrhage Qiem'-or-aj) [hemo-; ptiyvbvai, to
burst forth]. An escape of blood from the vessels,
either by diapedesis through intact walls or by
rhexis through ruptured walls, h., accidental, hemor-
rhage during pregnancy from premature detachment
of the placenta when normally situated, h., capil-
lary, oozing of blood from the capillaries, h., con-
cealed, a variety of accidental hemorrhage in which
the bleeding takes place between the ovum and the
uterine walls, without escape from the genital tract.
h., consecutive, one ensuing some time after injury.
h., critical, occurring at the turning-point of a
disease, h., petechial, hemorrhage under the surface
in the form of minute points, h., postpartum, hemor-
rhage occurring shortly after labor, h., primary,
that immediately following any traumatism, h.,
secondary, that occurring some time after the
traumatism, h., unavoidable, hemorrhage from
detachment of a placenta prsevia. h., vicarious, a
discharge of blood from a part owing to the sup-
pression of a flow in another part, as vicarious men-
struation.

hemorrhagic (Jiem-or-aj'-ik) [hemorrhage]. Relating
to or accompanied by hemorrhage, h. diathesis.
See hemophilia, h. infarct. See infarct, hemorrhagic.

hemorrhagif erous (hem-or-aj-if-er-us) [hemorrhage ;
ferre, to bear]. Attended by hemorrhage; giving
rise to hemorrhage.

hemorrhagin, haemorrhagin (hem-or-aj'-in). Flex-
ner's name for endotheliolysin, since it causes extra-
vasations of blood through its direct solvent action
upon capillary endothelium.

hemorrhagiparous (hem-or-aj-ip'-ar-us). See hem-
orrhagif erous.

hemorrhaphilia (hem-or-af-il'-e-ah) [hemorrhage;
4>l~Kos, loving]. Synonym of hemophilia.

hemorrhea Qiem-or-e'-ah) [hemo-; frola, a flow],
A hemorrhage.

hemorrhelcosis (hem-or-el-ko'-sis) [aip.oppol's, a
hemorrhoid; eXxwo-ts, ulceration]. The formation of
an ulcer upon a hemorrhoid.

hemorrhinia (hem-or-in'-e-ah) [hemo-; fits, nose].
Epistaxis; nose-bleed.

hemorrhoid {hem'-or-oid) [alfibppoos, flowing with
blood]. A pile. An enlarged and varicose condition
of the veins of the lower portion of the rectum and
the tissues about the anus, h., blind, one that does
not cause bleeding, h.s, external, those situated
without the sphincter ani. h.s, internal, those within
the anal orifice.

hemorrhoidal (hem-or-oi'-dal) [hemorrhoid], i. Per-
taining to or affected with hemorrhoids. 2. Applied
to blood-vessels, nerves, etc., belonging to the anus.
h. veins, the three veins which form a plexus about
the lower end of the rectum; through them the
general venous system and the portal system com-
municate.

hemorrhoidectomy (hem-o-roi-dek'-to-me). Exci-
sion of hemorrhoids.

hemosalpinx (hem-o-saV -pinks). Same as hemato-
salpinx.

hemoscope (hem'-o-skop). Same as hematoscope.

hemosiderin (hem-o-sid'-er-in) [hemo-; alSrjpos,
iron]. A granular pigment, a product of the decom-
position of hemoglobin. It is found where blood is
extravasated in contact with active cells, and con-
tains iron.

hemosiderosis (hem-o-sid-er-o'-sis) [see hemo-
siderin]. A form of hemochromatosis characterized
by* the deposit of pigments containing iron in the
tissues, especially those of the liver and spleen.

hemosozic (hem-o-so'-zik) [hemo-; a&Zeiv, to save].
Preventing hemolysis; relating to a hemosozin.

hemosozin (hem-o-so'-zin) [hemo-; <ru>$tiv, to save].
Antihemolysin; an antiserum which prevents hemoly-
sis.

hemospasia {hem-o-spa'-ze-ah) [hemo-; o-ir&eu', to
draw]. The drawing of blood to a part, as by dry-
cupping.

hemospast (hem'-o-spast) [see hemospasia]. A
device for drawing blood to a part.

hemospastic (hem-o-spas'-tik) [hemo-; airaeiv, to
draw]. Effecting or pertaining to hemospasia.

hemospermatism. See hematospermia.

Hemosporidium (hem-o-spo-rid'-e-um). Any species
of sporozoa living in the blood, e. g., the Plasmodium
malaria.

hemostasia (hem-osr-las-in). Trade name of a
preparation of suprarenal extract.

hemostasis, hemostasia Qiem-os'-ta-sis, hem-o-sta'-
se-ah) [hemo-; arkavi, a standing], i. Stagnation of
the blood-current. 2. Arrest of a flow of blood.

hemostat (hem'-o-stat) [see hemostasia]. 1. Hemo-
static forceps. 2. A proprietary external remedy
for nosebleed said to consist of tannin, quinine
sulphate, and benzoated fat.

hemostatic (hem-o-stat'-ik). 1. Arresting hemor-
rhage. 2. An agent or remedy that arrests hemor-
rhage, h. forceps. See forceps, hemostatic, h.,
Martin's. See Martin's hemostatic, h., Pavesi's,
a mixture of collodion, 100 parts; phenol, 10 parts;
pure tannin, 5 parts; benzoic acid, 3 parts. Syn.,
Pavesi's styptic collodion.

hemostatics (Jiem-o-stat'-iks). See hemastatics.

hemostatin (hem-o-stat' -in) . An extract from the
thymus of calves, containing sodium hydroxide and
calcium chloride.

hemosterol (hem-os'-ter-ol). A therapeutic com-
pound from blood of animals.

hemotachometer Qiem-o-tak-om'-et-er) [hemo-; t&-
xos, swiftness; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument
for measuring the rate of flow of blood.

hemotachometry (hem-o-tak-om'-et-re) [hemo-; rd-
xos, swiftness; fierpov, measure]. The estimation
of the rapidity of blood-circulation.

hemotelangiosis, hsemotelangeiosis (hem-o-tel-an-
je-o'-sis) [hemo-; tela, a web; iyyelov, a vessel].

1. Disease of the finest capillaries. 2. Telangeiec-
tasis.

hemothorax (hem-o-lho'-raks) [hemo-; 0d>pa£, the
chest]. An accumulation of blood in a pleural
cavity.

hemotoxic (hem-o-toks'-ik). See hematoxic. h.
sensitizer, Metchnikoff's name for the intermediary
body.

hemotoxin (hem-o-toks'-in) [hemo-; to£ik6v, a
poison]. 1. A cytotoxin from defibrinated blood.

2. A soluble substance secreted by bacteria and cap-
able of destroying red blood corpuscles. And see
leukocidin.

hemotoxis (Jtem-o-toks'-is). Blood-poisoning.

hemotropic (hem-o-trop'-ik) [hemo-; rpkireiv, to
turn]. Applied to the haptophore by which the
intermediary body combines with the corpuscle.

hemp [ME.]. Cannabis saliva, the bast-fiber of
which is used for textile purposes, h., Indian.
See Cannabis indica.

hemuresis (hem-u-re'-sis). Synonym of hematuria.

henbane. See hyoscyamus.

Henke's retrovisceral space (hen'-ker) [Philipp
Jakob Wilhelm Henke, German anatomist, 1834-
1896]. The prevertebral space of the thorax which
is continuous with the cervical space and is filled
with areolar and fatty tissue. H.'s triangle, or
trigone, the inguinal triangle, formed by the lateral
border of the rectus muscle and the descending por-
tion of the inguinal fold.

Henle's ampulla (hen'-le) [Friedrich Gustav Jakob
Henle, German anatomist, 1809-1885]. 1. The
fusiform dilatation of the vas deferens near its junction
with the seminal vesicle. 2. The expanded outer
half of the Fallopian tube. H. canal of, a portion
of the uriniferous tubules. H.'s cells, large cells
with granular protoplasm and one or more relatively
small nuclei in the seminiferous tubules. H.'s
fenestrated membrane, the subendothelial fibro-
elastic layer of the tunica intima of an artery. H.
fibrin of, a light flocculent precipitate which is separ-
ated when semen is diluted with water. H.'s fissures,
interstices filled with connective tissue between
the muscular fibers of the myocardium. H.'s glands,
tubular glands found in the palpebral conjunctiva.
H.'s internal cremaster, the smooth muscular fibers,
remains of the gubernaculum, surrounding the vas
deferens and the vessels of the spermatic cord. H.'s
ligament, the inner portion of the conjoined tendon
which is chiefly attached to the sheath of the rectus
muscle. H.'s loop, the U-shaped section of a uri-
niferous tubule which is formed by a descending and
an ascending loop-tube. H.'s membrane. See
Bruch's layer. H.'s outer fibrous layer, the zone of
cone-fibers at the margin of the fovea centralis.
H.'s sheath. 1. The perineural sheath. 2. The
cellular layer forming the outer portion of the inner
root-sheath of the hair. H.'s sphincter, the striated
muscular fibers which encircle the prostatic and
membranous portions of the urethra. H.'s spine,

HENNA

421

HEPATO

suprameatal spine; an inconstant small spine at the
junction of the posterior and superior walls of the
external auditory meatus. It serves as a landmark
in trephining the mastoid process. H.'s stratum
nerveum. See Bruecke's tunica nervea. H.'s tube,
looped portion of the uriniferous tube of the kid-
neys.

henna (henf-ah) [Arab., Khanna, henna]. A cos-
metic much used in the Orient; it is prepared from
the leaves of Lawsonia alba, and is sometimes used
externally and internally in leprosy and in skin-

henocardia (hen-o-kar'-de-ah) [els, h>, one; KapUa,
heart]. The condition of having but one auricle
and one ventricle in the heart; it is normal in some
of the lower animals.

Henoch's purpura (hen'-oks) [Eduard Henoch,
German pediatrist, 1820-1010]. A variety of pur-
pura with gastrointestinal symptoms occurring chiefly
in young subjects; also a rapidly fatal form of purpura
(purpura fulminans).

Henoch-Bergeron's disease. See Bergeron's
disease.

henogenesis (hen-o-jen'-es-is) [els, "&>, one; y weens,
origin]. In biology, the developmental history of an
individual organism; ontogenesis.

henosis (hen-o'-sis) [evuais, uniting]. 1. Healing
or uniting. 2. Symblepharon.

henotic (hen-ot'-ik) [henosis]. Tending to heal or
to promote union.

henpuye (hen-poo' -ye) [West African]. See goun-
dou.

henry (hen'-re) [Joseph Henry, American physi-
cist, 1797-1878]. The unit of electrical induction.
An electromotive force of one volt is induced by a
circuit with a variation of current at the rate of one
ampere a second.

Henry's law (hen'-re) [William Henry, English
chemist, 1775-1836]. See Dalton's law.

Hensen's canal (hen'-sen) [Victor Hensen, German
physiologist, 1835- ]. The short vertical tube
(1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide) connecting the blind
extremity of the cochlear canal with the saccule.
Syn., canalis reuniens. H.'s cells, columnar epi-
thelial cells found in the organ of Corti. H.'s disc,
H.'s stria, the colorless transverse band which
divides a dark (anisotropic), sarcous element in the
middle. H.'s node, in the embryo, an accumulation
of cells at the anterior end of the primitive streak,
through which the neurenteric canal passes from the
outside into the blastodermic vesicle.

Hensing's fold or ligament (hen'-sing) [Friedrich
Wilhelm Hensing, German anatomist, 1719-1745],
The superior ligament of the cecum. A more or
less triangular fold of the peritoneum which is
attached to the abdominal wall, from the lower
extremity of the kidney to the iliac fossa, by its
lower border, and to the posteroexternal aspect of
the colon, at times also to the cecum, by its anterior
or internal border. The apex is fixed in the lumbar
fossa, the lower free border extending from the iliac
fossa to the intestine. Syn., parietocolic fold.

hepaptosis (hep-ap-to'-sis). See hepatoptosis.

hepar (he' -par) [yirap, the liver]. 1. The liver.
2. A substance having the color of liver, as hepar
sulphuris. h. induratum, an affection differing
from cirrhosis, occurring after long-continued fevers,
frequently characterized by melanemic pigmentary
deposits in or near the capillaries and hyperplasia of
the interacinous connective tissue, h. lobatum, a
liver having numerous lobes produced by deep
fissures, as in syphilitic hepatitis, h. siccatum, the
dried and powdered liver of swine freed from blood.
Dose, in atrophic cirrhosis of liver, 300 gr. (20 Gm.)
daily, h. sulphuris, potassium sulphide; formerly
much used in medicine, now used mainly by home-
opathists.

heparaden (hep-ar' '-ad-en) [hepar; idr/v, a gland].
A therapeutic preparation of liver-substance, 2 parts;
lactose, 1 part. It is used in icterus. Dose 92-154
gr. (6-10 Gm.) daily.

hepatalgia (hep-at-aV -je-ah) [hepar; &\yos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the liver.

hepatalgic (hep-at-al'-jik) [hepar; &.\yos, pain].
Relating to or affected with hepatalgia.

hepatapostema (hep-at-ap-os-le'-mah) [hepar; &ir6-
c-rrtfia, abscess: pi., hepatapostemata]. An abscess
of the liver.

hepatatrophia (hep-at-at-ro'-fe-ah) [hepar; hrpocfria,
atrophy]. Atrophy of the liver.

hepatauxe (hep-at-awk'-se) [hepar; oofa, increase].
Enlargement of the liver.

hepatectomize (hep-at-ek' -to-mlz) [hepar; eKTo^,
an excision]. To excise a part of the liver.

hepatectomy (hep-at-ek' -to-me) [hepar; Uro^, a
cutting out]. Excision of the liver, wholly or in
part.

hepatemphractic (hep-at-em-frak'-iik) [hepar; ip-
4>p&£is, obstruction]. Relating to hepatemphraxis.

hepatemphraxis (hep-at-em-fraks'-is) [hepar;
ep.4>p6JiLS, obstruction]. Hepatic obstruction.

hepathelcosis (hep-ath-el-ko'-sis) [hepar; IXkwo-is,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the liver.

hepathemia, hepathaemia (hep-ath-e'-me-ah) [hepar;
alfia, blood]. Sanguineous hepatic congestion.
Syn., hepatohemia.

hepatic (hep-at'-ik). Pertaining or belonging to
the liver, h. aloes. See aloes, h. artery. See
artery, h. duct. See duct. h. lobes, the natural
anatomical divisions of the liver, usually designated
as right, left, quadrate, Spigelian, and caudate lobes.
h. plexus. See plexus, h. starch, a synonym of gly-
cogen, h. zones, certain areas in an hepatic lobule.

hepatica (hep-af -ik-ah) . 1. Agents affecting the
liver. 2. Liverwort; a genus of ranunculaceous
plants. H. triloba and H. acutiloba were formerly
esteemed in the treatment of hepatic, renal, and
pulmonary complaints.

hepatico- or hepato- (hep-af -ik-o- or hep'-at-o-)
[hepar]. Prefixes signifying belonging to or relating
to the liver.

hepaticocholecystostcholecystenterostomy (hep-at-
ik-o-ko-le-sist-ost-ko-le-sist-en-ter-os' -to-me). An an-
astomosis between the gall-bladder and hepatic
duct, on one hand, and between the intestine and
gall-bladder, on the other.

hepaticocolic, hepaticogastric. See hepatocolic,
hepatogastric.

hepaticoduodenostomy (hep-at-ik-o-du-o-den-os'-
to-me) . The formation of an artificial communication
between the hepatic duct and the duodenum.

hepaticoenterostomy (hep-at-ik-o-en-ter-os' -to-me) .
The formation of an artificial communication be-
tween the hepatic duct and the intestine.

hepaticogastrostomy (hep-at-ik-o-gas-tros' -to-me) .
The formation of an artificial communication be-
tween the hepatic duct and the stomach.

hepaticolithotripsy (hep-at-ik-o-lith'-o-trip-se) .

Crushing a stone in the hepatic duct.

hepaticopancreatic (hep-at-ik-o-pan-kre-at'-ik) . Re-
lating to the liver and the pancreas.

hepaticopulmonary (hep-at-ik-o-pul'-mon-a-re) [hep-
atico; pulmo, lung]. Relating to the liver and the
lungs.

hepaticorenal. See hepatorenal.

hepaticostomy (hep-at-ik-os' -to-me) [hepar; arona,
mouth]. The formation of a fistula in the hepatic
duct.

hepaticotomy (hep-at-ik-ot'-o-me) [hepatico-; refiveiv,
to cut]. Incision of the hepatic duct.

hepatin (hep'-at-in) [hepar]. Glycogen.

hepatirrhagia (hep-at-ir-a' -je-ah). Same as hepa-
torrhagia.

hepatirrhea (hep-at-ir-e'-ah). See hepatorrhea.

hepatism (hep'-at-izm) [hepar]. Derangement of
various functions of the body, due or ascribed to
some functional or other disorder of the liver.

hepatitic (hep-at-it'-ik) [hepar; wis, inflammation].
Affected with or relating to, hepatitis.

hepatitis (hep-at-i'-tis) [hepar; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the liver, h., indurative, a form
marked by formation of fibrous tissue causing the
liver-cells to atrophy from compression, h., inter-
stitial, inflammation of the connective tissue of the
liver leading in some cases to the formation of ab-
scesses or to softening and atrophy of the glandular
structure, and in others to induration and cirrhosis.
h., interstitial, chronic, cirrhosis of the liver, h.,
parenchymatous, acute, acute yellow atrophy of the
liver, h., suppurative, abscess of the liver.

hepatization (hep-at-iz-a'-shun) [hepar]. A change
of a tissue into a condition in which it resembles
the liver, as hepatization of the lung, h., gray, that
in which the hepatized lung tissue is gray. h. red,
that in which it is red from an excess of blood.

hepatizon (hep-at-i'-zon) [iiiraTl$eiv, to be like the
liver]. Chloasma.

hepato- (hep-at-o-) [hepar], A prefix denoting
relation to the liver.

HEPATOCACE

422

HERAPATHITE

hepatocace (hep-at-ok'-as-e) [hepar; *ca/c6s, ill].
Gangrene of the liver.

hepatocarcinia (hep-at-o-kar-sin'-e-ah) [hepar ;
KapKivos, cancer]. Malignant disease of the liver.

hepatocele (hep'-at-o-sel) [hepato-; kijXtj, a hernia].
Hernia of the liver.

hepatocholangio-enterostomy (hep-at-o-ko-lan-je-o-
en-ter-os' -to-me) [hepato-; x<>\v, bile; 4776101', vessel;
evrepov, intestine; arbpa, mouth]. Formation of an
artificial communication between the liver and the
intestine.

hepatocirrhosis (hep-at-o-sir-o'-sis) [hepato-; cir-
rhosis]. Cirrhosis of the liver.

hepatocolic (hep-at-o-kol'-ik) [hepato-; colic]. Re-
lating to the liver and the colon.

hepatocystic (hep-at-o-sis'-tik) [hepato-; kuotis,
bladder]. Pertaining to the liver and the gall-
bladder.

hepatodidymus (hep-at-o-did'-im-us) [hepato-; dL5-
vnos, double]. A monster with a double body
from the liver up.

hepatoduodenal (hep-at-o-dil-od'-en-al) [hepato-;
duodenum]. Relating to the liver and the duodenum.

hepatoduodenostomy (hep-at-o-du-od-en-os' -to-me)
[hepato-; duodenum; o-ropa, mouth]. The formation
of an opening from the liver into the duodenum.

hepatodynia {hep-at-o-din'-e-ah) [hepato-; ddvvrj,
pain]. Pain in the liver.

hepatodysentery {hep-at-o-dis'-en-ter-e). Inflam-
mation of the liver attended with dysentery; hepatic
dysentery.

hepatoenteric (hep-at-o-en-ter'-ik) [hepato-; evrepov,
intestine]. Relating to the liver and the intestine.

hepatogastric {hep-at-o-gas' -trik) [hepato-; yao-rrjp,
stomach]. Pertaining to the liver and the stomach.

hepatogastritis (hep-at-o-gas-tri'-tis) [hepato-; yaa-
ttjp, stomach; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of both liver and stomach.

hepatogen (hep-at'-o-jen). A proprietary prepara-
tion containing desiccated liver substance.

hepatogenic, hepatogenous (Jiep-at-o-jen'-ik, hep-
at-oj'-en-us) [hepato-; yewav, to produce]. Produced
by or in the liver, h. icterus, jaundice caused by
the absorption of bile from the liver.

hepatography (hep-at-og'-ra-fe) [hepato-; ypa<pei.v,
to write]. A description of the liver.

hepatohemia (hep-at-o-hem'-e-ah). See hepathemia.

hepatoid (hep'-at-oid) [hepato-; eldos, likeness].
Resembling a liver or liver-substance.

hepatolith (hep'-at-o-lith) [hepato-; Xi0os, stone].
Biliary calculus; gall-stone.

hepatolithectomy (hep-at-o-lith-ek' -to-me) [hepato-;
X£0os, stone; eKrop.ii, excision]. Surgical removal of
one or more gall-stones.

hepatolithiasis (hep-at-o-lith-i'-as-is) [hepato-; lithi-
asis], A diseased condition characterized by the
formation of gall-stones in the liver.

hepatolithic (hep-at-o-lith'-ik) [hepato-; Xi0os, a
stone]. Affected with biliary calculi.

hepatology (hep-at-ol'-o-je) [hepato-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of the nature, structure, func-
tions, and diseases of the liver.

hepatolysin (hep-at-ol'-is-in) [hepato-; lysin]. A
cytolysin acting on liver cells.

hepatomalacia (hep-at-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [hepato-;
fia\aKta, softness]. Softening of the liver.

hepatomegalia (hep-at-o-meg-a'-le-ah) [hepato-; pky-
os, large]. Enlargement of the liver.

hepatomelanosis (hep-at-o-mel-an-o'-sis). Melano-
sis affecting the liver.

hepatomphalocele (hep-at-om-fal'-o-sel) [hepato-;
6p<f>a\6s, the navel; #07X17, a hernia]. An umbilical
hernia with part of the liver contained in the sac.

hepatomyeloma (hep-at-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [hepato-;
p.ve\6s, marrow; 6pa, tumor; pi., hepatomyelomata].
Medullary carcinoma of the liver.

hepatoncus (hep-at-ong'-kus) [hepato-; oyKos, a
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the liver.

hepatonecrosis (hep-at-o-ne-kro'-sis) [hepato-; ve*.-
pco<ris, death]. Gangrene of the liver.

hepatopathy Qiep-at-op' -ath-e) [hepato-; vaBos,
disease]. Any disease of the liver.

hepatoperitonitis (hep-at-o-per-it-on-i'-tis) [hepato- ;
peritonitis]. Inflammation of the peritoneal or serous
coat of the liver.

hepatopexy (hep'-at-o-peks-e) [hepato-; 7r^ts, fixa-
tion]. Surgical fixation of a floating liver.

hepatophage (hep'-at-o-faj) [hepato-; <f>ayelv, to
eat]. A giant-cell peculiar to the liver, which is said
to destroy liver-cells.

hepatophlebitis (hep-at-o-fleb-i'-tis) [hepato-; phlebi-
tis]. Inflammation of the veins of the liver.

hepatophlebotomy (hep-at-o-fleb-ot'-o-me) [hepato-;
<p\&l/, a vein; repveiv, to cut]. The aspiration of
blood from the liver.

hepatophyma (hep-at-o-fi'-mah) [hepato-; tpvpa,
growth]. Any tumor of the liver.

hepatoportal (hep-at-o-por'-tal) [hepato-; portal].
Relating to the portal circulation in the liver; portal
as distinguished from reniportal.

hepatopostema Qtep-at-o-pos-te'-mah) [hepato-; &tt6-
o-Tvpa, abscess]. Abscess of the liver.

hepatoptosis (hep-at-op-to'-sis) [hepato-; irnoo-is, a
falling]. Synonym of floating liver.

hepatopulmonary (hep-at-o-pul'-mon-a-re). See
hepaticopulmonary.

hepatorenal (hep-at-o-re'-nal) [hepato-; ren, the
kidney]. Relating to the liver and the kidney.

hepatorrhagia (hep-at-or-a'-je-ah). Hemorrhage
from the liver.

hepatorrhaphy (Jhep-at-or'-a-fe) [hepato-; pa<j>ri,
suture]. Suture of the liver.

hepatorrhea (hep-at-or-e'-ah) [hepato-; pola, flow].
Morbid or excessive secretion of bile by the liver.

hepatorrhexis {hep-at-or-eks'-is) [hepato*; prjfrs, a
rupture]. Rupture of the liver.

hepatoscirrhus (hep-at-o-skir'-us) [hepato-; o-Klppos,
an induration]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the liver.

hepatoscopy (hep-at-os'-ko-pe) [hepato-; o-Koireiv,
to examine]. Examination of the liver.

hepatosplenitis (hep-at-o-splen-i'-tis) [hepato- ;
o-irXrjv, spleen; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of both liver and spleen.

hepatostomy (hep-at-os' -to-me) [hepato-; o-ropa, a
mouth]. The establishment in the liver-substance
of communication between parts of the liver ob-
structed by concretions.

hepatotherapy (hep-at-o-ther'-ap-e) [hepato-; ther-
apy]. The therapeutic use of liver.

hepatotomy (hep-at-ot'-o-me) [hepato-; repveiv,
to cut]. Incision of the liver.

hepatotoxemia (hep-at-o-toks-e'-me-ah) [hepato-;
toxemia]. Toxemia due to disturbance of the
hepatic functions.

hepatotoxin (hep-at-o-loks'-in) [hepato-; to£uc6v,
a poison]. A cy to toxin found by E. Metchnikoff
in the liver.

hepco flour (hep' -co). A flour prepared from
Soya bean with approximately the following compo-
sition: protein 42.9; carbohydrate, 23.4 of which less
than one half readily yields sugar; fat 20.8; ash 5.1;
fiber 4.2; water 4.6. It is said to be a suitable food
material in cases in which carbohydrates are contra-
indicated, as diabetes, amylaceous dyspepsia and in
obesity.

hephestic (hef-es'-tik) [''H^aio-ros, Vulcan]. Pre-
vailing or occurring among hammermen, as hephestic
cramp.

hephestiorrhaphy (he-fes-te-or'-af-e) ["'Htfxuoros,
Vulcan; pa<j>ri, a seam]. The application of the
actual cautery to the edges of a wound to bring
about adhesion.

hepptine (hep'-tin) [Maurice Hepp, French physi-
cian]. Trade name of pure gastric juice obtained
from living pigs.

heptad (hep'-tad) [exrd, seven]. An element
having a quantivalence of seven.

heptadicity (hep-tad-is' -it-e) [see heptad]. Septi-
valence.

heptane (hep'-tan) [see heptad], C7H16. A liquid
hydrocarbon of the paraffin group, contained in
petroleum and also obtained from the resin of Pinus
sabiniana by dry distillation. Syn., abietene.

heptatomic (hep-tat-om'-ik) [ewTa, seven; aropos,
an atom]. Same as heptavalent, q. v.

heptavalent (hep-tav-a'-lent) [iirrt, seven; valens,
having power]. In chemistry, equal to seven atoms
of hydrogen in combining or saturating-power;
applied to an atom that can be substituted for, or
replaced by, seven atoms of hydrogen.

heptoses (hep-tos'-ez) [iirra, seven]. A division
of the glucoses, of the composition, C7H14O7. They
are prepared by reducing the corresponding heptonic
acids, C7H14O3 (their lactones), with sodium amal-
gam.

herapathite (her'-ap-ath-it) [W. B. Herapath,
English chemist, 1820-1868]. An iodide of quinine-
sulphate, occurring in rhomboidal laminae. It has
been used as a remedy in scrofula and in febrile cases;
in microscopy it is employed in polarizing light.

HERB

423

HERNIA

herb [herba, grass]. A plant the stem of which
contains but little wood and dies down to the
ground at the end of the season.

herbaceous (her-ba'-se-us) [herba, grass]. In
biology, i. Applied to stems or other organs that
have a tender, juicy consistence and perish at the
close of the growing-season. 2. Feeding upon herbs.

herbal (her'-bal) [herba, grass]. An old name for a
book on herbs; chiefly designating a book on the
medicinal virtues of herbs.

herbalist (her'-bal-ist) [herba, grass]. An herb-
doctor or simpler; a so-called botanic physician.

herbarium (her-ba' -re-urn) [herba, grass]. A col-
lection of dried plants arranged for study; a hortus
siccus.

Herbert's operation {her'-bert) [Frederick Herbert,
American ophthalmologist, i860- ]. An opera-
tion for acute glaucoma, in which a wedge-shaped
flap is cut in such a way as to prevent the subsequent
cicatrization of the two scleral surfaces.

herbicarnivorous (her-be-kar-niv'-or-us) [herba,
grass; caro, flesh; vorare, to eat]. Omnivorous;
living upon both animal and vegetable food.

herbivora {her-biv'-or-ah) [herba, grass; vorare, to
devour]. A name given to a division of mammalia.
Animals that feed on vegetation.

herbivorous (her-biv'-or-us) [herb; vorare, to
devour]. Living on vegetable food.

Herbst's corpuscles (herpst) [Ernst Friedrich
Gustav Herbst, German anatomist, 1 803-1 893]. A
variety of sensory end-organs found in the mucous
membrane of the tongue of the duck; they resemble
small Vater's corpuscles, but their lamellae are thinner
and closer to each other, while the axis-cylinder
within the central core is bordered on each side by a
tow of nuclei.

hereditary (he-red' -it-a-re) [heres, an heir]. Trans-
mitted from parent to offspring, as hereditary disease.
h. ataxia, a family disease of the young, depending
on combined posterior and lateral sclerosis of the
cord. It differs from tabes and ataxic paraplegia
in the early age of its appearance, its hereditary
nature, and some other features, h. syphilis. See
syphilis, hereditary.

hereditation (her-ed-it-a'-shun) [heredity]. The
effect or influence of heredity.

heredity (he-red' -it-e) [hereditas, heredity]. The
transmission of physical or mental qualities or
tendencies from ancestor to offspring; the principle
or force by reason of which the offspring resembles
the parent.

heredo- (her-e-do-). In composition, hereditary.

Hering's law (ha'-ring) [Ewald Hering, German
physiologist, 1834- ]• The distinctness or purity
of any sensation or conception depends upon the
proportion existing between their intensity and the
sum-total of the intensities of all simultaneous sensa-
tions and conceptions. H.'s test, on looking with
both eyes through a tube blackened inside and having
a thread across one end, if a small round object is
dropped immediately in front of or behind the thread,
a subject with binocular vision can at once tell
whether it has fallen nearer to his eyes or further
away from them than the thread. In the absence
of binocular vision a few trials will show that the
relative distances of the falling object and the
thread cannot be appreciated. H.'s theory of
color-sensation, this predicates disassimilation and
assimilation (decomposition and restitution) of the
visual substance in vision — white, red, and yellow
representing the sensation of disassimilation; black,
green, and blue, that of restitution.

hermaphrodism, hermaphroditism (her-maf'-ro-
dizm, her-maf ' -ro-di-tizm) ['Epfiijs, Mercury; 'A<ppo8L-
rv, Venus]. The coexistence, in a single individual,
of ovaries and testicles, h., complex, a condition
in which there are present the internal and the ex-
ternal organs of both sexes, h., dimidiate or lateral,
a form in which male organs (especially a testicle)
are more or less developed on one side, and female
organs (especially an ovary) on the opposite side.
h., spurious, a condition in which the individual is
of one sex, but presents the outward signs of the other.
h., transverse, an instance in which the external
organs indicate the one sex, and the internal, the
opposite, h., unilateral, that in which there are on
one side an ovary and a testicle, and, on the other,
an ovary or a testicle.

hermaphrodite (her-maf -ro-dit) [see hermaphro-
dism]. An individual affected with hermaphrodism;

usually the condition is due to some congenital
malformation of the genital organs, such as epispadias,
hypospadia, cleft of the scrotum, etc., that makes the
determination of sex somewhat doubtful.

hermaphroditic (her-maf -ro-dit' -ik) ['Epixrjs, Mer-
cury; 'K<j>poUt-o, Venus]. Pertaining to herma-
phroditism, q. v. See also teratism.

hermetic (her -met' -ik) ['Epp.ijs, Mercury]. Pro-
tected from exposure to air; air-tight, as the hermetic
sealing of a wound.

hermitine (her' -mit-en) . The proprietary name
for a surgical antiseptic and disinfectant, said to be
electrolyzed sea-water. Cf . electrozone.

hermophenol, hermophenyl (her-mo-fe'-nol, -nil).
A mercuriosodic phenol disulphonate containing
40 % of metallic mercury, used as an antiseptic
and antisyphilitic. On wounds, in a solution of

1 : 100; injection in syphilis, 64 min. (4 Cc.) of a
solution of 0.5 eg. to the cubic centimeter every

2 or 3 days. Syn., sodium mercurophenyl disulpho-
nate.

hermophilia (her-mo-fil'-e-ah) ['Epnijs, Mercury;
(pCktlv, to love]. A predilection for the therapeutic
use of mercury.

hernia (her'-ne-ah) [L.]. A protrusion of a viscus
through an abnormal opening in the wall of the
containing cavity ; used without qualification, the
word refers to hernia of the intestine, h., abdominal,
a protrusion of a portion of the abdominal viscera
through some portion of the parietes. h. adiposa,
a liparocele. h. adnata, a congenital hernia, h.
annularis, umbilical hernia, h. of the bladder, the
protrusion of a part of the bladder through one of the
openings of the abdominal cavity, h. of the brain,
h. capitis, h. cerebri, a protrusion of the brain through
the skull. Syn., fungus cerebri, h., complete, a
hernia in which the sac and its contents have passed
the hernial orifice, h., concealed, one not perceptible
on palpation, h., congenital, a form of indirect
inguinal hernia in which, the vaginal process of the
peritoneum having remained patulous, the bowel
descends at once into the scrotum, in direct contact
with the testicle, h., Cooper's. See Cooper's hernia.
h. cordis, displacement of the heart with encroach-
ment on the diaphragm or mediastinal wall, h.,
crural. See h., femoral, h., cystic. Same as cysto-
cele. h., diaphragmatic, a protrusion of a portion
of some of the abdominal viscera into the thorax,
through a congenital defect in the diaphragm, or
through a dilatation or laceration of one of the natural
openings, h., displaced, one that has been forced
from the scrotum into the subperitoneal connective
tissue of the abdomen, h., diverticular, hernia of a
congenital diverticulum of the intestine; hernia of
Meckel's diverticulum. Syn., Littre's hernia, h.
dolorosa, a painful incarcerated hernia, h., duo-
denojejunal. See h., retroperitoneal, h., encysted, a
form in which the pouch forming the tunica vaginalis
is closed at its upper end, but open below. The
hernia in descending along the inguinal canal enters
the scrotum behind the tunica vaginalis, and is
more or less completely surrounded by its posterior
layer, h., epiploic, h. epiploica. See epiplocele.
h., fatty. See liparocele and steatocele. h., femoral,
a hernia through the femoral canal, the tumor ap-
pearing on the upper inner aspect of the thigh, below
Poupart's ligament, h., femoroinguinal, a femoral
hernia coexistent with an inguinal hernia, h., free,
a reducible hernia, h., funicular, one into the
umbilical cord, h., Hesselbach's. See Hesselbach's
hernia, h., Holthouse's. See Holthouse's hernia.
h., incarcerated, a hernia which has become occluded
by the accumulation of gas, feces, or undigested food,
thus causing obstruction of the bowels, h., incom-
plete, one that has not entirely passed through the
hernial orifice, h., infantile. See h., encysted, h.,
inguinal, a hernia occupying the inguinal canal.
h., inguino crural. Same as Holthouse's hernia, q. v.
h., intercostal, a protrusion through the last costal
interspaces, due to an intercostal wound, h., inter-
stitial, a displaced hernia in which the sac has found
a way between two layers of aponeurosis, h. of iris,
a protrusion of a portion of the iris after iridectomy,
trauma, etc. h., irreducible, one in which the
protruded viscus cannot be returned by manipulation.
h., ischiatic, a protrusion of the bowel through the
great sacrosciatic foramen, h.-knif e, a probe-pointed
knife for incising the constriction of a hernial sac.
h., labial, a protrusion of the bowel between the
vagina and the ramus of the ischium into a labium

HERNIAL

424

HETERADENIA

majus. h., lacrimal, h. of the lacrimal sac, h. lacri-
malis, protrusion of the mucosa of the lacrimal sac
through an opening in its anterior wall, h., lateral,
h. lateralis, diverticular hernia, h., Lavater's. See
Richter's hernia, h. lienalis, hernia of the spleen.
h. of Littre. See Littre's hernia, h., Malgaigne's.
See Malgaigne's hernia, h., mesocolic, a protrusion
of the bowel between two layers of the mesocolon.
h., obstructed. See h., incarcerated, h., obturator,
a protrusion of bowel through the obturator foramen.
h., omental, a hernia containing omentum; epiplocele.
h., pectineal, one that, having made its way internal
to and behind the femoral vessels, rests upon the
pectineus muscle, h., perineal, a protrusion of the
abdominal contents between the fibers of the levator
ani muscle in front of or to one side of the anus.
h., preperitoneal, one within the abdominal walls in
front of the peritoneum, h., pudendal. Same as
h., labial, h., rectal, i. See proctocele. 2. A pro-
trusion of part of the pelvic or abdominal contents
through the anus, held in a sac formed by eversion
of the rectum, h., reducible, one that may be
returned by manipulation, h., retrocecal, a pro-
trusion of the bowel occupying an inconstant pouch
dorsad of the cecum. Syn., Rieux's hernia, h.,
retroperitoneal, a hernia in which the intestine
lodges in the fossa duodenojejunal, h., Richter's.
See Richter's hernia, h., Rieux's. See h.t retrocecal.
h., sacrorectal, posterior proctocele from defective
ossification of the sacrum, h., scrotal, that form of
inguinal hernia in which the protrusion has entered
the scrotum, h., strangulated, a hernia which is so
tightly constricted at its neck as to interfere with
its return, with the circulation of blood, and the
passage of feces, h., umbilical, a protrusion of the
abdominal contents through the umbilicus, h.,
umbilicovesical, hernia of the bladder through the
umbilicus, h., vaginal, one protruding into the
vagina, h., ventral, the name applied to protrusions
of the abdominal contents through the abdominal
walls in situations not usually subject to hernia.

hernial (her'-ne-al). Pertaining to hernia, h. sac,
the diverticulum of the peritoneum which the hernia
pushes before it or into which it descends.

herniate (her'-ne-at). To form a hernia.

herniation Qier-ne-a'-shun). The formation of a
hernia.

hernioceliotomy (her-ne-o-se-le-ot'-o-me) [hernia, a
rupture; KoiXia, belly]. Abdominal section for the
relief of hernia.

hernioenterotomy (her-ne-o-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [hernia,
a rupture; ivrkpov, bowel; Top.4), a cutting]. Herni-
otomy combined with enterotomy.

herniolaparotomy (her-ne-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [hernia,
a rupture; Xavapa, the flank; ropA], a cutting]. Same
as hernioceliotomy.

herniology Qter-ne-ol'-o-je) [hernia, hernia; X670S,
science]. That department of surgery which treats
of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hernia.

hernioplasty Qier'-ne-o-plas-te). The operation for
the radical cure of hernia.

herniopuncture (her-ne-o-punk'-chur) [hernia; punc-
tura, a pricking]. The puncture of a hernia.

herniotome (her'-ne-o-tom) [hernia; to/mtj, a cut-
ting]. A hernia knife.

herniotomy {her-ne-ot'-o-me) [see herniotome].
Operation for the relief of hernia by section of the
constriction.

heroic (Jie-ro'-ik) [r}p«s, a hero]. Bold or daring;
rash or unusually severe; applied usually to medical
treatment by large doses or by measures involving
risk.

heroin, heroine Qier'-o-in), Ci7Hi7NO(C2H302>2.
The diacetic-acid ester of morphine. It is anodyne
and sedative, and is used in coughs, dyspnea, and
pectoral pains. Dose TV-§ gr. (0.005-0.032 Gm.).

heromal (her'-om-al). A proprietary remedy for
respiratory disorders said to contain malt extract,
hypo phosphites, and heroine.

Herophilus, torcular of Qter-off'-il-us) [Herophilus,
Greek physician, 335-280 B. C.]. The dilatation at
the junction of the superior longitudinal, straight,
two lateral, and two occipital sinuses.

heroterpine (her-o-tur'-pen). A combination of
heroine and terpine hydrate, indicated in bronchitis,
asthma, etc.

herpes (her'-pez) [ipveiv, to creep]. An acute
inflammatory affection of the skin or mucous mem-
brane, characterized by the development of groups
of vesicles on an inflammatory base. h. circinatus.

See tinea circinata. h. exedens, a general term
for the varieties of herpes and lupus characterized
by hard vesicles in thronged clusters and containing
dense reddish or yellow fluid, h. facialis, an acute,
noncontagious, inflammatory disorder of the skin
that appears in the form of one or more groups of
vesicles. It is commonly called fever-blisters, a
form of herpes appearing especially on the lips. It
is frequent in "cold," malaria, croupous pneumonia,
and cerebrospinal meningitis. Syn., herpes febrilis.
h. febrilis. See h. facialis, h. gestationis, herpes
of the limbs in pregnancy, h. iris, a form of erythema
with vesicles growing in a ring. It is usually seen
on the backs of the hands and feet. h. labialis. See
h. facialis, h. praeputialis, h. progenitalis, a form of
herpes in which vesicles, the size of a pin's head to
that of a small pea, occur upon the glans penis and
prepuce. h. pyaemicus, impetigo herpetiformis.
h. tonsurans. See tinea tonsurans, h. zoster, herpes
in which the lesions are distributed in relation to the
course of a cutaneous nerve, and, as a rule, unilateral.
They are usually seen in the line of the intercostal
nerves, but may follow the course of any nerve. The
outbreak of the eruption is generally preceded by
severe neuralgic pain. Syn., ignis sacer; shingles;
zona; zoster.

herpetic (her-pet'-ik) [herpes]. Pertaining to
herpes, h. sore throat. See tonsillitis, herpetic.

herpetiform Qier-pet'-if-orm) [herpes; forma, form].
Resembling herpes.

herpetism (her'-pet-izm). A constitutional tend-
ency to eruptions of herpes.

herpetography Qier-pet-og'-ra-fe). Same as her-
petology.

herpetology (her-pet-ol'-o-je) [1] [ipirerov, a reptile;
\6yos, discourse]. The classified knowledge of
reptiles. [2] [ipiri]*, herpes; X670S, treatise]. The
science of skin-diseases, especially those of an
herpetic nature.

Herpetomonas (her-pet-om'-on-as) [ipTrerou, a
reptile; p.ov&'s, unit]. A genus of flagellated in-
fusorians found in the intestines of insects and in the
blood of various animals. H. donovani, the parasite
of kala-azar; it is transmitted by the bite of the
bedbug.

Herxheimer's spiral fibers (herksf-hi-mer) [Karl
Herxheimer, German dermatologist, 1861- ].
Spiral fibers found in the rete mucosum of the
epidermis. H.'s reaction, the appearance of a
maculo-papular eruption, deafness, or blindness,
from the sudden onset of neuritis, following the
treatment of syphilis by salvarsan, or the cacodylates.

Heryng's benign ulcer (her'-ing) [Theodor Heryng,
Polish laryngologist, 1847- ]. A solitary ulcer
situated on the anterior fauces and resembling a large
herpetic vesicle. H.'s sign, an infraorbital shadow
observed on introducing an electric light into the
mouth in empyema of the antrum of Highmore.

Herzberg's reagent for free hydrochloric acid.
Moisten paper with a solution of Congo red; when
dried, it turns blue or bluish-black upon being
moistened with hydrochloric acid.

Hesselbach's hernia Qies'-el-bakh) [Franz Kasper
Hesselbach, German surgeon, 1750-1816]. A lobu-
lated hernia passing through the cribriform fascia.
H.'s ligament, the ligamentum interfoveolare;
a thin, fibrous, band extending from the posterior
surface of the fascia transversalis, near the plica
semilunaris, to the pubic bone and Gimbernat's
ligament; it forms part of the conjoined tendon.
H.'s triangle, a space bounded by Poupart's ligament
below, the external border of the rectus abdominis
internally, and the deep epigastric artery externally.
Direct inguinal hernia occurs in this space.

heteracephalous (het-er-a-sef '-al-us) [erepos, other;
Ke^aXij, head]. _ See heterocephalous.

heteradelphia (het-er -ad-el' -fe-ah) [hetero-; &5e\<j>6s,
brother]. Heteradelphous teratism.

heteradelphous Qiet-er-ad-el'-fus) [hetero-; &8e\<f>6s,
brother]. Relating to an heteradelphus, or to an
autosite and its parasite.

heteradelphus (het-er-ad-el'-fus) [hetero-; &8e\<f>6s,
brother]. A joined twin monster, consisting of an
autositic monster with an attached parasite, the
head of the latter being absent.

heteradenia (het-er-ad-e'-ne-ah) [hetero-; &Srjp, a
gland]. 1. Normal glandular structure occurring
in a part normally not provided with glands. 2.
Glandular structure departing from the normal
type.

HETERADENIC

425

HETEROMORPHISM

heteradenic (het-er-ad-e'-nik) [see heter adenia].
Pertaining to or consisting of tissue that is unlike
normal glandular tissue, or to glandular tissue
occurring in an abnormal place.

heteradenoma (het-er-ad-en-o'-mah) [hetero-; &Stjv,
gland; 6p,a, tumor: pi., heter adenomata], A tumor
formed of heteradenic tissue.

heteralius (het-er-a'-le-us) [hetero-; aXcos, a disc],
A double monster in which the parasite is very in-
complete, and with no direct connection with the
umbilical cord of its host.

heterauxesis Qiet-er-awks-e'-sis) [hetero-; a&^o-ts,
increase]. In biology, any unsymmetrical growth,
normal or abnormal.

heterecious (het-er-e' 'se-us) [hetero-; oTkos, a
house]. Parasitic upon different hosts at different
stages of growth.

heterecism, heteroecism (het-er-e'-sizm) [hetero-;
oIkos, a house]. Parasitism upon one host during
one stage of growth or generation, and upon another
host for the development of another stage or genera-
tion.

hetero- (het-er-o-) [erepos, other]. A prefix
denoting unlikeness.

heteroagglutinin (het-er-o-ag-lu' -tin-in). An ag-
glutinin formed in the blood of an animal as the
result of the injection of an antigen from an animal of
a different species.

heteroalbumose (het-er-o-al'-bu-mos) [hetero-; albu-
mose], A variety of albumose soluble in salt solu-
tions, insoluble in water, and precipitated by satura-
tion with sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate.

heteroalbumosuria (het-er-o-al-bu-mo-su'-re-ah) .
The presence of heteroalbumose in the urine.

heteroblastic {het-er-o-blas'-tik) [hetero-; /JXaoros,
germ; bud]. Arising from tissue of a different kind.

heterocele (het'-er-o-sel) [hetero-; kt/Xtj, hernia].
A hernia existing in some prolapsed organ, as in a
rectocele.

heterocelous, heteroccelous Qiet-er-o-se'-lus) [het-
ero-; koIXos, hollow]. Convexoconcave.

heterocentric Qiet-er-o-sen'-trik) [hetero-; Kkvrpov,
center]. Applied to rays that do not meet in a
common center.

heterocephalus Qiet-er-o-sef-al-us) [hetero-; K&pa\ri,
the head]. A fetal monstrosity with two heads of
unequal size.

heterochromatosis (het-er-o-kro-mat-o'-sis) [hetero- ;
xpw/io, color], i. Pigmentation of the skin due to
substances foreign to the body. 2. See heterochro-
mia.

heterochromia (het-er-o-kro'-me-ah) [see hetero-
chromatosis]. A difference in color, as of the irides
of the two eyes, or different parts of the same iris.

heterochromous (Jiet-er-o-kro'-mus) [hetero-; xp^m^,
color]. In biology, having different colors.

heterochronia (het-er-o-kro'-ne-ah) [hetero-; xpb"os,
time]. The production of a structure or the occur-
rence of a phenomenon at an abnormal period of
time.

heterochronic, heterochronous {het-er-o-kron'-ik,
het-er-ok'-ron-us) [see heterochronia]. Irregular in
occurrence. Occurring at different times, or at
other than the proper time.

heterochylia Qiet-er-o-ki'-le-ah) [hetero-; xi>X6s,
chyle]. A variable condition of the gastric contents,
changing suddenly from normal acidity to hyper-
acidity or anacidity.

heterocrania {het-er-o-kra'-ne-ah) [hetero-; upaviov,
skull]. 1. Asymmetry of the cranium. 2. Head-
ache involving but one side of the head.

heterocrisis (het-er-o-kri'-sis) [hetero-; icplais, a
crisis]. An abnormal crisis in disease.

heterocyclic compound (het-er-o-si'-klik) [hetero-;
k{ik\os, a circle]. A closed chain organic compound
in which atoms of elements other than carbon enter
into the composition of the ring.

heterodermotrophy (het-er-o-der-mot'-ro-fe) [hetero- ;
8epp.a, skin; rpcxpri, nutrition]. Disordered or per-
verted nutrition of the skin.

heterodesmotic (het-er-o-dez-mot'-ik) [hetero-; Se<x-
fios, a bond]. Connecting other parts; applied to
nerve-fibers connecting centers of unequal value or
associating nervous centers with other parts.

heterodont Qiet'-er-o-dont) [hetero-; 68o0s, tooth].
In biology, having more than one sort of teeth, as
incisors, canines, molars; the opposite of homodont.

heterodymus (het-er-od'-im-us) [hetero-; 6"i5upos,
twin], A double monster, the accessory part being
but an imperfect head, with a neck and thorax by

which it is implanted in the anterior abdominal wall
of its host.

heteroepidermic (het-er-o-ep-e-dur'-mik) [hetero- ;
epidermis]. Pertaining to or taken from the skin
of some other person; a form of skin-grafting (q. v.).

heterogametous (het-er-o-gam'-e-lus) [hetero-; n&nos,
marriage]. Pertaining to an individual having both
dominant and recessive germ-cells.

heteroganglionic Qiet-er-o-gan-gle-on'-ik) . Relating
to different ganglia; applied to the connecting nerve-
fibers between ganglia.

heterogeneity (het-er-o-jen-e'-it-e) [hetero-; ykvos,
kind]. The condition or quality of being hetero-
geneous.

heterogeneous (het-er-o-je'-ne-us) [hetero-; ykvos,
kind]. Differing in kind or nature; composed of
different substances; not homogeneous, h. vaccine,
a vaccine derived from organisms outside of the
patient in whose treatment they are to be used.
See autogenous vaccine.

heterogenesis (het-er-o-jen'-es-is) [hetero-; ykv&rvs,
generation]. A mode of reproduction in which the
living parent gives rise to offspring that pass through
totally different series of states from those exhibited
by the parents, and do not return into the cycle of
the parents.

heterogenetic (het-er-o-jen-et'-ik) [see heterogenesis].
Pertaining to heterogenesis.

heteroglaucous (het-er-o-glaw'-kus) [hetero- ; y\avK&s,
bluish-green]. 1. Having one eye blue and the other
black or gray. 2. Relating to the anomalous pro-
duction of greenish or glaucous spots.

heterognathous Qiet-er-o-nath'-us) [hetero-; yvbBos,
jaw]. Having dissimilar jaws.

heterogony {het-er-og'-o-ne) [hetero-; yovos, genera-
tion]. A form of reproduction that consists in the
occurrence, in the cycle of development, of indi-
viduals differing in structure from the parent forms
and existing under special conditions of nutrition.

heteroid, heteroideous (het'-er-oid, -oid'-e-us)
[erepos, other]. Formed diversely; applied to
inclosed structures which differ from their invest-
ment.

heteroinfection (Jtet-er-o-in-fek'-shun) [hetero-; in-
fection], 1. Infection transmitted by a person who is
himself not affected. 2. Infection of any organism
by a poison not produced within itself; opposed to
autoinfection.

heteroinoculation (Jiet-er-o-in-ok-u-la'-shun) [het-
ero-; inoculation]. Inoculation of one person by
another.

heterolalia (jhet-er-o-la'-le-ah) [hetero-; XaXia, talk].
The utterance of words other than those intended by
the speaker; heterophemy.

heterologous (Jtet-er-ol'-o-gus) [hetero-; \6yos, rela-
tion]. Differing in structure or form from the
normal, h. tumors, tumors constituted of a tissue
different from that of the part in or on which they
are situated.

heterology (het-er-ol'-o-je) [hetero-; X670S, relation].
Abnormality in nature, form, or structure; develop-
ment of an abnormal structure.

heterotopia, heterolopy (het-er-o-lo'-pe-ah, het-er-
ol'-o-pe) [hetero-; \0w6s, scale]. The presence of
abnormal scales, crusts, or scabs.

heterolysin Qiet-er-ol' -is-iri) [hetero-; Xu<m, solu-
tion]. A cytolysin produced in the body of one
species of animal by the introduction of blood from
a different species. Cf . isolysin.

heterolysis (hel-er-ol'-is-is) [see heterolysin]. The
hemolytic action of the blood-serum of one animal
upon the corpuscles of another species. Cf. isolysis.

heterolytic (het-er-o-lit'-ik). Pertaining to or pro-
duced by heterolysis or a heterolysin.

heteromeral, heteromeric {het-er-om'-er-al, -ik)
[hetero-; nkpos, part]. Applied to neurons originating
in one lateral side of the spinal cord and sending
processes to the other side. Cf. hecatomeral.

heteromerous (het-er-om'-er-us) [hetero-; p.kpos, a
part]. 1. Having homologous parts diversely com-
posed. 2. Unlike in chemical composition

heterometry (het-er-om'-et-re) [hetero-; /lerpov, a
measure]. Deviation from the normal state in a
part, in regard to the amount of its contents.

heteromorphism (het-er-o-mor'-fizm) [hetero-; fioptpri,
form]. A condition marked by difference in form,
as compared with the normal form. In chemistry,
the property of crystallizing in different forms. In
biology: 1. A state of deviation from a type or
norm.

HETEROMORPHOSIS

426

HEXHYDRIC

2. Exhibiting different forms at different stages in
the life-history.

heteromorphosis (het-er-o-mor-fo'-sis) \hetero-; nbp-
4>wais, formation]. Malformation or deformity; any
disease characterized by deformity.

heteromorphous (het-er-o-mor'-fus) [ketero-; fiop<pri,
form]. Differing from the normal in form.

heteronephrotrophy {het-er-e-nef-rot'-ro-fe) [hetero- ;
v&jtpos, kidney; Tp<xpr), nutrition]. Malnutrition or
degeneration of any part of the kidney.

heteronomous (het-er-on'-o-mus) [hetero-; vopos,
law]. In biology, diversification in any series or
set of morphologically related structures through
specialization. Abnormal.

heteronomy (het-er-on'-o-me) [hetero-; v6p.os, law],
i. Subordination to a law of adaptive modification.
2. The presence of segmentation. Cf. autonomy
and homonomy.

heteronymous (het-er-on'-im-us) [hetero-; 6vop,a,
name]. On opposite sides; not homonymous; ap-
plied to crossed double visual images, such as are
seed when there is a relative divergence of the eyes.

hetero-osteoplasty Qiet-er-o-os'-te-o-plas-te) [hetero-;
oareov, bone; irXaaaeiv, to form]. The surgical
grafting of bone, especially with a graft taken from
a bone of one of the lower animals.

heteropagus (het-er-op'-ag-us) [hetero-; irayos,
fixture]. A double monster in which the parasite,
having a head and extremities, is attached to the
anterior abdominal wall of its host.

heteropathic (Jtet-er-o-path'-ik) [hetero-; -waBos,
disease]. Pertaining to or making use of heter-
opathy.

heteropathy (het-er-op'-ath-e) [hetero-; irados, suffer-
ing], i. The treatment of a disease by inducing a
different morbid condition to neutralize it. Al-
lopathy. 2. Abnormal reaction to stimulus or
irritation.

heterophasia (het-er-o-fa'-ze-ah). See helerophemy.

heterophemia, heterophemy (het-er-o-fe'-me-ah,
het-er-of'-em-e) [hetero-; <i>j)p.t\, utterance]. The
saying of one thing while another is intended.

heterophonia (het-er-o-fo'-ne-ah) [hetero-; <f>03vr),
voice]. Abnormal quality or perversion of the voice.

heterophoralgia (het-er-o-for-al'-je-ah) [heterophoria;
a\yos, pain]. Eye-strain or ocular pain caused by
heterophoria.

heterophoria (het-er-o-fo'-re-ah) [hetero-; <j>op6s,
tending]. A relation of the visual lines of the two
eyes other than that of parallelism. Esophoria is
a tending of the lines inward; exophoria, outward;
hyperphoria, a tending of the right or left visual line
in a direction above its fellow; hyper esophoria, a
tending of the visual lines upward and inward;
hyperexophoria, upward and outward.

heterophthalmos (het-er-of-thal'-mos). See hetero-
chromia.

heterophthongia {het-er-off-thong'-e-ah) [hetero- ;
<p06yyos, sound]. Synonym of ventriloquism.

heteroplasia (het-er-o-pla'-ze-ah) [hetero-; irXaaaeLv,
to form]. The presence, in a part, of a tissue that
does not belong there normally.

heteroplasm (het'-er-o-plazm) [see heteroplasia].
Abnormal or false tissue.

heteroplastic (het-er-o-plas'-tik) [hetero-; irA&o-o-eu',
to form], i. Relating to heteroplasia. 2. Differing
in structure.

heteroplastid (het-er-o-plas'-lid) [hetero-; v\6.<raeiv,
to form]. A surgical graft.

heteroplasty (Jtet'-er-o-plas-te) [see heteroplasia].
I. Heteroplasia. 2. The operation of grafting parts
taken from another species.

heteroprosopus (het-er-o-pro-so'-pus) [hetero-; irpo-
auirov, face]. A fetus with two faces; janus or
janiceps.

heteroproteose {het-er-o-pro'-te-os). A product
of the digestion of syntonin in the stomach.

heteropsychology (het-er-o-si-kol'-o-je) [hetero-; ifn-
xh, soul; Xo-yoj, treatise]. The study or science of
psychology, as based upon facts other than those
of one's own subjective experiences.

heteroptics (het-er-op'-tiks) [hetero-; otttikos, be-
longing to sight], i. Clairvoyance. 2. Perverted
vision.

heterorexia (het-er-o-reks'-e-ah) [hetero-; 6pe£is,
desire]. Perversion of the appetite.

heteroscope (het'-er-o-skop) [hetero-; okottHv, to
examine]. An apparatus for the accurate measure-
ment of the various angles at which a deviating eye
in strabismus can see.

heterosexuality (het-er-o-seks-u-al'-it-e) . Perverted
sexual feeling toward one of the opposite sex.

heterostomy (het-er-os'-to-me) [hetero-; trrofia,
mouth]. Lack of symmetry in the two sides of the
mouth.

heterotaxia (het-er-o-taks'-e-ah) . See heterotaxis.

heterotaxis (het-er-o-taks'-is) [hetero-; rd^is, order].
The anomalous disposition or transposition of organs.

heterotonia (het-er-o-to'-ne-ah) [hetero-; rovos,
tension]. Variable tension.

heterotopia (het-er-o-to'-pe-ah) [hetero-; towos,
place]. A misplacement of normal tissue, especially
a congenital malformation of the brain, in which
masses of gray matter are found transplanted into
the white.

heterotopic (het-er-o-top'-ik). See heterotopous.

heterotopous (het-er-ot'-o-pus) [hetero*; toitos,
place]. Characterized by heterotopia; misplaced.

heterotoxin (het-er-o-toks'-in) [hetero-; toxin]. Any
poison or toxin introduced into the body from with-
out.

heterotrichous {het-er-ot'-rik-us) [hetero-; dpi£,
hair]. Furnished with two kinds of cilia.

heterotrophia, heterotrophy {het-er-o-tro'-fe-ah, het-
er-ot'-ro-fe) [hetero-; rpo<t>ri, sustenance]. Any per-
version or disorder of nutrition.

heterotopia (het-er-o-trop'-e-ah). See strabismus.

heterotypic, heterotypical (het-er-o-tip'-ik, het-er-
o-tip'-ik-al) [hetero-; twos, pattern]. i. Differing
from type. 2. Applied to a monstrosity consisting
Of a well-developed fetus from which grows an
immature secondary fetus.

heterotypus (het-er-o-ti'-pus) [hetero-; tvttos, a
type]. A double monster having the parasitic fetus
hanging from the ventral wall of the principal sub-
ject.

heterovalvate (het-er-o-val'-vat) [hetero-; valva,
valve]. Having two kinds of valves.

heteroxanthin (Jtet-er-o-zan'-thin) [hetero-; Zav66s,
yellow], C6H6N4O2. A leukomaine that can be
isolated in crystalline form from urine.

heteroxeny Qiet-er-oks'-en-e) [hetero-; Zkvos, a
host]. The quality of living upon different hosts.
Cf . heterecism.

hetocresol, hetokresol Qtet-o-kre'-sol). See cinna-
myl-metacresol.

hetoform (het'-o-form). Bismuth cinnamate.

hetol (he'-tol). See sodium cinnamate.

hetraline (het'-ral-en). A compound of hexa-
methylene tetramine with dioxybenzene.

hettocyrtosis Qiet-o-sir-to'-sis) [firTov, less; KbpTuins,
a curvature]. A slight curvature of the spine.

Heubner's disease (hoyb'-ner) [Johann Otto
Leonhard Heubner, German pediatrist, 1843- ].
Syphilitic endarteritis of the brain.

heurteloup {her'-tel-oop) [Charles Louis Stanislas
Heurteloup, French surgeon, 1793-1864]. An arti-
ficial leech or cupping-apparatus.

hexa- (heks-ah-) [i£, six]. A prefix signifying six.

hexabasic {heks-ah-ba'-sik) [e£, six; /3do-is, a base].
Denoting an acid having six replaceable hydrogen
atoms.

hexad (heks'-ad) [ej, six]. An element the atom
of which has a quantivalence of six.

hexadactylism (heks-ah-dak'-til-izm) [hexa-; 8o.ktv-
Xos, a finger]. Having six fingers or toes.

hexahydrohematoporphyrin (heks-ah-hi-dro-hem-
at-o-por'-fi-rin). A reduction-product of hematin-.

hexamethylenamine Qieks-ah-meth-il-en' -am-in) ,
C6H12N4, the hexamethylenamina of the U. S. P., a
condensation-product obtained by the action of
ammonia on formaldehyde. Syn., hexamethylenete-
tr amine; urotropin.

hexamethylenetetramine. Same as hexamethylen-
amine.

hexane (heks'-an) [££, six], CeHw. The sixth
member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It
is a liquid, boiling at about 710 C., found in various
natural oils.

hexatomic (heks-at-om'-ik) [hexa-; aro/*os, an
atom]. Consisting of six atoms; also applied to
atoms that are hexavalent, and to alcohols or other
compounds having six replaceable hydrogen atoms.

hexavalent (heks-av'-al-ent) [hexa-; valens, having
power]. Having the same combining power as six
hydrogen atoms.

hexhydric (heks-hi'-drik) [hexa-; vSap, water].

1. Containing six atoms of replaceable hydrogen.

2. Containing six molecules of water, h. alcohols,
alcohols containing six hydroxyl groups attached

HEXIOLOGY

427

HIND

to six different carbon atoms; they approach the
sugars closely in their properties. Moderate oxida-
tion converts them into glucoses..

hexiology (heks-e-ol'-o-je) [e£is, habit; \6yos,
science]. The science of the relations of the organism
to its environment.

hexone bases (heks'-on). Protein substances
containing six atoms of carbon and having basic
properties; these are lysin, arginin, histidin.

hexose (heks'-os) [e£, six]. Any monosaccharid
which contains six carbon atoms in the molecule.

, hexyl (heks'-il) [li-, six; vX-n, substance]. A hypo-
thetical univalent radical C6H13 occurring in some
organic compounds.

hexylarnine (heks-iV -am-en) , C6H15N. A ptomaine,
found in putrid yeast; it has toxic properties.

Hey's infantile hernia (ha) [William Hey, English
surgeon, 1736-1819]. See Cooper's hernia. H.'s
internal derangement, dislocation of the semilunar
cartilages of the knee-joint, especially the internal.
H.'s ligament, the femoral ligament, a falciform
expansion of the fascia lata. H.'s operation. 1. For
amputation through the foot: the same as Lisfranc's
operation, except that the internal cuneiform bone
is sawn through in a line with the articulation of the
second metatarsal bone, instead of being disarticu-
lated. 2. For amputation of the leg: the amputation
is made in the middle of the leg by a long posterior
flap, cut by transfixion, and a slightly shorter an-
terior one.

Heynsius' test for albumin (hin'-se-oos) [Adrian
Heynsius, Dutch physician, 1831-1885]. Add to
the solution acetic acid sufficient to acidify, and
a few cubic centimeters of a saturated solution of
sodium chloride and boil. A flocculent precipitate
is produced by the presence of albumin.

Hg. Chemical symbol of hydrargyrum, mercury.

hg. Abbreviation for hectogram.

hiant (hi' -ant) [hiare, to gape]. Yawning; gaping;
opening by a fissure.

hiation (hi-a'-shun) [hiare, to gape]. The act of
gaping or yawning. Cf . pandiculation.

hiatus (hi-a'-tus) [L., "a gap"]. 1. A space or
opening. 2. The vulva, h. aorticus, the aortic
opening in the diaphragm, h. canalis facialis or
Fallopii, an oblique opening in the petrous portion
of the temporal bone; see Fallopius, hiatus of. h.
maxillaris, one on the inner aspect of the nasal part
of the superior maxilla, establishing communication
between the nose and the antrum of Highmore.
Syn., hiatus supramaxillaris. h. cesophageus, the
esophageal opening in the diaphragm, h. sacralis,
an opening in the sacral canal posteriorly due to
failure of the laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra to
meet in the median line, h., Scarpa's. See Scarpa's
hiatus, h. semilunaris, an opening in the deep fascia
of the arm for the passage of the basilic vein. h.
subarcuatus, a depression in the petrosa lodging the
flocculus, h. tendineus, the anterior opening of
Hunter's canal.

Hibbs's operation [Russell Aubra Hibbs, American
surgeon]. 1. For Pott's disease: An osteoplastic
operation for the elimination of motion by producing
a fusion of the spinous processes, laminae and lateral
articulation of the spine. 2. For congenital hip
disease: A method of reducing congenital hip dislo-
cation by the aid of a machine, without traumatism
to muscle or bone.

hibernation (hi-ber-na' -shun) [hibernus, winter].
The dormant condition or winter-sleep of certain
animals, notably bears, hedgehogs, etc., in which
animation is almost suspended.

hiccup, hiccough (hik'-up) [hie, a mimic word;
cough]. A spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm
causing inspiration, followed by a sudden closure of
the glottis. Syn., singultus.

Hicks' (Braxton) sign [John Braxton Hicks,
English gynecologist, 1825-1897]. Intermittent uter-
ine contractions beginning at the end of the third
month of pregnancy; they may also be produced by
tumors distending the uterus.

hidden seizure. A popular name for various forms
of slight or sudden epileptiform attacks.

hidebound disease. See scleroderma.

hidradenitis, hidroadenitis (hi-drad-en-i'-tis, hi-
dro-ad-en-i' -tis) . See hidrosadenitis. h. suppurativa,
a condition marked by the formation of tumors
the size of a pea which tend to develop into ab-
scesses.

, hidradenoma (hi-drad-en-o'-mah) [ISp&s,
adenoma]. Hyperplasia of an existing inflammatory
tumor of a sweat-gland.

hidroa (hid-ro'-ah) [ISpus, sweat]. Sudamina;
any dermal lesion associated with or caused by
profuse sweating.

hidrocystoma (hid-ro-sis-to'-mah) [i5pd>s, sweat;
Kii<rris, a cyst; 5/j.a, a tumor: pi., hidrocystomata].
A variety of sudamina appearing on the face, espe-
cially in women in middle and advanced life.

hidrodermia (hi-dro-dur'-me-ah) [ISpas, sweat;
Sepfia, skin]. Anomalies of sweat-secretion.

hidromancy (hid'-ro-man-se) [iSpcbs, sweat; navrkia,
divination]. The forming of a prognosis from exami-
nation of the perspiration.

hidronosus (hid-ron'-o-sus) [18 pus, sweat; voaos,
disease]. Any disease of the sweat-glands.

hidropedesis (hid-ro-ped-e'-sis) [ISp&s, sweat;
w-fidv/ns, a leaping]. Excessive sweating.

hidrojAama.- (hid-ro-pla'-ne-ah) [ISp&s, sweat; irXavrj,
a wandering]. Sweating in an unusual portion of
the body.

hidropoiesis (hid-ro-poi-e'-sis) [ISpus, sweat; iroi-
V<ns, formation]. The formation of sweat.

hidropoietic (hid-ro-poi-et'-ik) [see hidropoiesis].
Relating to hidropoiesis.

hidrorrhea (hid-ror-e'-ah) [18 pus, sweat; poia, a
flow]. Excessive flow of sweat.

hidrosadenitis (hid-ros-ad-en-i'-tis) [I8p&s, sweat;
&Sriv, gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the sweat-glands, h., phlegmonous, a furunculus
beginning in the coil of a sweat-gland, h., ulcera-
tive, a variety occurring as superficial ulceration in
circular or horse-shoe-shaped areas attacking the
palmar or plantar surfaces; it is prone to relapse.

hidroschesis (hid-ros'-kes-is) [iSpcbs, sweat; <rx&r«,
retention]. Retention or suppression of the sweat.

hidrose (hi'-dros) [i'5p«s, sweat]. Relating to
sweat.

hidrosis (hid-ro' -sis) [see hidrose], 1. The forma-
tion and excretion of sweat. 2. Abnormally profuse
sweating. 3. Any skin disease marked by disorder
of the sweat-glands.

hidrotic (hid-rot'-ik) [18p<j}tlk6s, producing sweat].
1. Diaphoretic or sudorific. 2. A medicine that
causes sweating.

hidrotopathic (hid-ro-to-path'-ik) [ISpcos, sweat;
Trados, disease]. Relating to a morbid state of the
perspiratory function.

hieralgia (hi-er-al'-je-ah) [lepov, sacred, sacrum;
aXyos, pain]. Pain in the sacrum.

hiera-picra (hi-er-ah-pik'-rah) [L., "sacred bitters"].
Powder of aloes and canella. (Commonly, but
incorrectly, called hicra-picra.)

hieromania (hi-er-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Upos, sacred;
fiavia, madness]. Religious frenzy.

hierotherapy (hi-er-o-ther'-a-pe) [Upfc, sacred;
depaireia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by
religious practices.

high operation. 1. Supra-pubic lithotomy. See
lithotomy. 2. Delivery by forceps of a fetus, the
instrument being applied at the superior strait.

Highmore, antrum of (hi'-mor) [Nathaniel High-
more, English anatomist, 1613-1685]. A cavity in
the superior maxillary bone communicating with
the middle meatus of the nose. H., body of, H.'s
corpus, a thickening of the tunica albuginea at the
posterior part of the testis, from which connective-
tissue septa diverge.

highmoritis (hi-mor-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
antrum of Highmore.

hilar (hi'-lar) [hilum, a little thing]. In biology,
pertaining to the hilum.

Hildenbrand's disease (hiV -den-brand) [Johann
Valentin von Hildenbrand, Austrian physician,
1763-1818]. Typhus fever.

Hilton's law (hil'-tun) [John Hilton, English sur-
geon, 1804-1878]. The nerve-trunk supplying a
joint supplies also the muscles moving the joint,
and the skin over the insertion of these muscles.
H.'s line, a white line marking the junction of the
skin of the perineum with the mucosa of the anus.
H.'s muscle, the arytenoepiglottideus muscle. H.'s
sac. See Morgagni's ventricle.

hilum, hilus (hi'-lum, hi'-lus) [L., "a little thing"].
A pit, recess, or opening in an organ, usually for the
entrance and exist of vessels or ducts.

hind (hind) [AS., hindan, after; back]. Pertaining
to the rear or posterior extremity. h.-brain,
division of the brain in the embryo that becomes the

HINDENLANG'S

428

HISTAFFINE

cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, h.-gut,
that part of the embryonic intestine from which the
cecum, vermiform appendix, colon, and rectum are
developed, h.-kidney. See metanephros.

Hindenlang's test for albumin (hin'-den-lang)
[C. Hindenlang, German physician]. On the addi-
tion of solid metaphosphoric acid to the liquid to
be tested a precipitate is formed in the presence of
albumin.

hinge-joint (hinj1 '-joint) . See diarthrosis.

hip [AS., hype), i. The upper part of the thigh
at its junction with the buttocks. 2. The hip-joint.
h.-bath. See bath, hip-, h.-bone, the ischium, h.-
girdle, the pelvic arch, h.-joint, the articulation of
the femur with the haunch-bone or innominate
bone, h.-joint, disease, an inflammation of the hip-
joint, usually tuberculous, and occurring most com-
monly in the young, and, according as it begins in
the head of the femur, the acetabulum, or in the
synovial membrane and proper structures of the
joint, divided into femoral, acetabular, and arthritic.
The symptoms are shuffling gait, pain often referred
to the inner side of the knee, pain in the hip elicited
by jarring the heel, deformity, abduction and ever-
sion of the thigh, slight flexion of the knee, and
arching of the lumbar spine; later, adduction and
inversion of the thigh, with flexion of the knee and
shortening of the limb. Suppuration with formation
of fistula? occurs in the advanced stages. Syn.,
coxitis.

hippanthropy (hip-an'-thro-pe) [tiriros, horse; &v-
Opu-Kos, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which
the patient believes that he is a horse.

hippasia (hip-a'-ze-ah) [iwiratrLa, riding]. Horse-
back exercise.

hippiater (hip-e-a'-ter) [tiriros, a horse; larpos, a
physician]. A horse-doctor; a farrier.

hippiatric (hip-e-at'-ric) [tiriros, a horse; larpos, a
physician]. Pertaining to veterinary surgery.

hippiatry (hip-i'-at-re) [1x71-05, horse; larpela, medi-
cal art]. Veterinary medicine, in so far as it relates
to the horse; farriery.

hippocamp (hip'-o-kamp) [see hippocampus]. The
hippocampus major.

hippocampal {hip-o-kam'-pal) [see hippocampus].
Relating to the hippocampus, h. convolution, a
convolution on the cerebral mesial surface anterior
to the lingual lobe. h. fissure, a fissure on the
cerebral mesial surface above the temporal lobe.

hippocampus (hip-o-kam'-pus) [tinros, horse; k&hitos,
a sea-monster: pi., hippocampi]. A name applied to
two elevations, hippocampus major and hippocampus
minor, the former situated in the middle, and the
latter in the posterior, horn of the ventricles of the
brain. When the term hippocampus is used alone,
the h. major is meant.

hippocoryza (hip-o-ko-ri'-zah). Synonym of equi-
nia.

hippocras (hip'-o-kras) [twos, horse; kp&tos,
strength]. An old-fashioned cordial or liquor, made
of red wine, sweetened and flavored.

Hippocratic (hip-o-krat'-ik) [Hippocrates, a Greek
physician of the fifth century B. C.]. Described by
Hippocrates. H. expression, H. facies, an anxious,
pinched expression of the countenance, described as
characteristic of peritonitis, cholera and other fatal
diseases. H. finger, hypertrophy of the ungual
phalanx and nail in phthisis and other wasting
diseases. H. sound, the succussion sound. See
Hippocratis succussio.

Hippocratis chorda, H. funis. The Achilles tendon.
H. morbus sacer, epilepsy. H. succussio, suc-
cussion employed to obtain a splashing sound in
seropneumothorax and pyopneumothorax.

Hippocratism (hip-ok'-rat-izm) [Hippocrates, a
Greek physician]. Hippocrates' doctrine of imi-
tating nature in the treatment of disease.

hippol (hip'-ol). Methylene hippuric acid; it is a
colorless, crystalline body, recommended as a
urinary antiseptic.

hippolith (hip'-o-lith) [tiriros, horse; Xldos, stone].
A calculus or bezoar found in the stomach of the
horse.

hippology (hip-ol'-o-je) {Liriros, horse; \6yos,
knowledge]. The anatomy, pathology, etc., of the
horse.

Hippomane (hip-om'-an-e) [liriros, horse; y.avla,
madness; the ancients believed that horses were
madly fond of a plant called by this name]. A genus
of euphorbiaceous trees. H. mancinella and H.

spinosa, the manchineel trees of tropical' America,
are extremely acrid and poisonous, ,even to the
touch. They are used locally in medicine, especially
in skin-diseases.

hippomelanin (hip-o-mel' -an-in) [tiriros, horse;
fikXas, black]. A pigment found in melanotic
tumors in horses.

hippomyxoma (hip-o-miks-o'-mah) [liriros, a horse;
fiv^a, mucus]. .The swelling attending farcy and
glanders. Syn., hippocoryzoma.

hippopathology (hip-o-path-ol'-o-je) [tiriros, horse;
irados, disease; \6yos, science]. The science of the
diseases of the horse.

hippophagy (hip-off' -a-je) [tiriros, horse; <payelv, to
eat]. The eating of horse-flesh.

hipposteology (hip-os-te-ol'-o-je) [tiriros, horse;
barkov, bone; \6yos, science]. The science of oste-
ology as applied to the horse.

hippotomy (hip-ot'-o-me) [liriros, horse; rout), a
cutting]. The anatomy or dissection of the horse.

hippurate (hip'-u-rat) [tiriros, horse; olpov, urine].
Any salt of hippuric acid, q. v.

hippuria (hip-u'-re-ah) [i7T7ros, horse; ovpov, urine].
Excess of hippuric acid in the urine.

hippuric acid (hip-u'-rik). See acid, hippuric.
h. acid, reaction for. See Luecke's reaction for
hippuric acid.

hippuris (hip-u'-ris) [licirovpis, horse-tail]. The
cauda equina, q. v.

hippus (hip'-us) [tiriros, horse, from analogy to
the movements of this animal]. Spasmodic pupillary
movement, independent of the action of light.

hircismus (her-siz'-mus) [hircus, a goat]. The
goat-like odor sometimes emitted by the human
axilla.

hircus (her'-kus) [L., "goat"]. 1. The tragus.
2. Hircismus, q. v. 3. A hair growing in the axilla.

Hirschberg's test (hersh'-berg) [Julius Hirschberg,
German ophthalmologist, 1843- ]. A rough
estimate of the amount of strabismus is made by
observing the position of the corneal reflection of a
candle-flame held one foot in front of the eye to be
tested, the examiner placing his own eye near the
candle and looking just over it.

Hirschf eld's disease (her sh' -felt). A form of
diabetes of rapid march, which usually ends in death
in three months, by progressive cachexia or by com-
plication. H.'s ganglion, the gyrus hippocampi.

Hirschsprung's disease (her sh' -sprung) [Harold
Hirschsprung, Danish physician, 1830- ]. Con-
genital hypertrophic dilatation of the colon.

hirsute (her-suf) [hirsutus, shaggy]. Shaggy;
hairy.

hirsuties (her-su'-te-ez) [see hirsute]. Excessive
growth of hair.

Hirtz's rale. A moist, subcrepitant rale, of a
somewhat metallic character, pathognomonic of
tuberculous softening.

hirudin (hir'-u-din) [hirudo, leech]. The active
principle of a secretion derived from the buccal
glands of the pond -leech, Sanguisuga medicinalis;
it is said to be a secondary albumose, and has the
property of preventing the coagulation of blood.

hirudiniculture (hi-roo' -din-e-kul-chur) [hirudo,
leech; cultura, culture]. The artificial breeding and
rearing of leeches.

hirudo (hi-roo' -do) [L.: pl.hirudines]. The leech,
q. v.

His' canal [1. Wilhelm His, German anatomist,
1831-1904; 2. Wilhelm His, Jr., German physician,
1863- ]. [1] The thyroglossal duct of the fetus,
of which the cecal foramen of the tongue is the
vestige and which may persist during postnatal life.
[1] H.'s germinal cell, any epiblastic cell in the neural
tube from which a neurone is developed. [2]
H.'s muscle bundle, a neuromuscular band joining the
right auricle to the ventricles in the mammalian
heart. [1] H.'s peripheral veil, the spongy felt-work
formed by the ectal ends of the spongioblasts of the
neural tube. [1] H.'s perivascular spaces, lymph-
spaces surrounding the blood-vessels of the brain and
spinal cord. [1] H.'s stroma, the trabecular frame-
work of the mammary gland. [2] H.'s sulcus termin-
alis, a furrow on the surface of the right auricle; it
corresponds in position to the crista terminalis of
His, a vertical ridge in the interior of the right
auricle.

histafnne (his'-taf-in) [histo-; affinis, related].
1. Having affinity for tissues. 2. A substance
supposed to be present in the blood-serum in certain

HISTIC

429

HOCK

diseases such as syphilis and trypanosomiasis; and
which is said to produce complement fixation.

histic (his'-tik) [lards, a web]. Relating to tissue.

histidin (his'-tid-in), C6H9N3O2. A base present
among the hydrolytic products of casein, albumin,
blood-serum, and horn, and a constant cleavage-
product of the more complex plant and animal
proteids.

histin (his'-tin) [larlov, a web]. Fibrin.

histioid (his'-te-oid). See histoid.

histioma (his-ti-o'-mah) [larlov, a web; 6pa, a
tumor]. A tissue tumor in which distinct tissues
may be recognized, but which do not arrange them-
selves to form organs.

histo- (his-to-) [Lards, tissue]. A prefix denoting
relation to tissue.

histoblast (his'-to-blasf) [histo-; pXaaros, a germ].
A cell engaged in the formation of tissue.

histochemistry (his-to-kem'-is-tre) [histo-; chem-
istry]. The chemistry of the histological elements of
the body.

bistodialysis (his-lo-di-al'-is-is) [histo-; SiaXvais,
dissolution]. The dissolution of organic tissue.

histofluorescence (his-to-floo-or-es'-enz). The ad-
ministration of fluorescing drugs during Roentgen-
ray treatment.

histogenesis (his-to- j en' -es-is) [histo-; yeveais,
generation]. The formation of tissues.

histogenetic (his-to-jen-et'-ik) [see histogenesis].
Relating to histogenesis.

histogenol (his-to? -en-oV) . A compound of phos-
phorus and arsenic, each dessertspoonful containing
\ gr. (0.032 Gm.) of disodic methyl arsenate and
x\ gr. (0.1 Gm.) of nucleic acid.

histogeny (his-toj'-en-e). See histogenesis.

histography (his-tog'-ra-fe) [histo-; ypafaiv, to
write]. A description or written account of the
tissues.

histohematin (his-to-hem'-at-in) [histo-; alp.a,
blood]. A pigment found in muscles, suprarenal
capsules, and other organs, and believed to have a
respiratory function.

histoid (his'-toid) [histo-; eldos, likeness]. 1. Re-
sembling tissue. 2. Composed of only one kind of
tissue.

histokinesis (his-to-kin-e'-sis) [histo-; Kiv^ais,
movement]. Movement that takes place in the
minute structural elements of the body.

histologi;, histological (his-to-loj'-ik, -al) [see his-
tology]. Relating to histology.

histologist (his-tol'-o-jist) [histo-; X6705, science].
One who is expert in histology.

histology (his-tol'-o-je) [histo-; \6yos, science].
The minute anatomy of tissues, h., normal, the
study of sound tissues, h., pathological, the study
of diseased tissues, h., topographical, the study of
the minute structure of the organs and especially of
their formation from the tissues.

histolysis (his-tol'-is-is) [histo-; Xwris, dissolution].
Disintegration and dissolution of organic tissue.

histolytic (his-tol-it'-ik) [histo-; Xvais, dissolution].
Pertaining to histolysis.

histomorphology (his-to-morf-ol'-o-je) [histo-; p.op<pr),
form; \6yos, science]. The morphology of the
histological elements of the body.

histon (his'-ton) [larbs, tissue]. A protein pre-
pared from the nuclei of cells. It belongs to the
group of proteins known as albumoses or propeptones.

histonomy (his-ton'-o-me) [histo-; vbp.os, a law].
The laws of the development and arrangement of
organic tissue.

histonuria (his-ton-u'-re-ah). The presence of
histon in the urine.

histopathology (his-to-path-ol'-o-je) [histo-; path-
ology]. The study of minute pathological changes in
tissues.

histophysiology (his-to-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [histo-; physi-
ology]. The science of the functions of the various
tissues.

histopin (his'-to-pin). A staphylococcus extract
used in the treatment of furunculosis.

Histoplasma capsulatum (his-to-plaz'-mah cap-su-
la' turn). A protozoon parasitic in man in Central
and South America

histoplasmosis hominis (h s-to-plaz-mo'-sis hom'-
in-is). The diseased state caused by the invasion
of the human body by the Histoplasma capsulatum.

histopsyche (his-to-si'-ke) [histo-; 4>vxv, soul].
The tissue soul; according to Haeckel, the higher
psychological function which gives psychological indi-

viduality to the compound multicellular organism as
a true cell commonwealth.

history (his'-tor-e) [laropla, a learning by inquiry].
A narrative; story, h., biological, the life-story of
any animal, h., medical, the account obtained from
a patient as to his health, past and present, and the
symptoms of his disease.

histosan (his'-to-san). Trade name of guaiacol-
albuminate; said to be useful in tuberculosis and other
diseases of the respiratory system. Dose 5 i-iv
(4-16 gm.).

histotherapeutics, histotherapy (his-to-ther-ap-u'-
tiks, his-to-ther'-ap-e) [histo-; depairela, therapy].
The remedial use of animal tissues.

histotome (his'-to-tom) [histo-; repveiv, to cut].
An apparatus for cutting tissue for the study of its
minute structure; a microtome.

histotomy (his-tof -o-me) [see histotome]. The
dissection of tissues.

histotripsy (his-to-trip'-se) [histo-; rptyis, a crush-
ing]. The crushing of tissue by an ecraseur.

histotromy (his-tof -ro-me) [histo-; rp6p.os, tremor].
Fibrillary contraction.

histotrophic (his-to-trof-ik) [histo-; rpcxprt, nourish-
ment]. Concerning the nutrition of the tissues.

histotropic (his-to-trop'-ik) [histo-; rpoiros, a turn].
The property of entering into chemical combination
with the tissues.

histozoic (his-to-zo'-ik) [histo-; $&n, life]. Living
on or within_the tissues; denoting certain protozoan
parasites.

histozyme (his'-to-zim) [histo-; ^vy.ti, leaven]. A
ferment found in the kidneys of pigs, and concerned
in splitting up hippuric acid.

histrionic (his-tre-on'-ik) [histrio, an actor]. Dra-
matic, h. mania, insanity with affectation and lofty
manner, h. muscles, the muscles of expression of
the face. h. spasm, spasm of the muscles of ex-
pression.

histrionism (his'-tre-on-izm) [histrio, a player].
Dramatic action in insanity or in hysteria.

Hitzig's center (hit'-zig) [Julius Edward Hitzig,
German physician, 1838- ]. A center in the
supramarginal gyrus which is supposed to govern the
voluntary movements of the eyeballs. H.'s zone, a
hypesthetic zone extending around the trunk in
tabes dorsalis.

hives (hivz) [origin uncertain]. 1. Urticaria.
2. In Great Britain the term is also applied to croup,
laryngitis, and chicken-pox.

HI. Abbreviation for latent hypermetropia ; and
for hectoliter.

Hm. Abbreviation for manifest hypermetropia;
and for hectometer.

H. M. C. Abbreviation for hyoscine-morphine-
cactine anesthesia.

hoang-nan, or hwang-nao (ho-ang-nan' ', hwang-
now']) [Chinese]. A> Chinese preparation obtained
from the bark of Strychnos gaultheriana. Its proper-
ties are due to a small percentage of strychnine. It
is recommended as an alterative in syphilis, leprosy,
and similar diseases, and is an alleged preventive of
hydrophobia if given in large doses (gr. xv) during
the period of incubation. Dose of the powdered
drug gr. iij-v; of the aceto-alcoholic extract gr.
£-£ ; of the tinct. nj j-v.

hoarhound, horehound (hor'-hownd). See mar~
rubium.

hoarse (hors) [ME., hoors, harsh]. Harsh; grating;
discordant; applied to the voice.

hoarseness (hors'-nes) [ME., hoorsnesse, hoarse-
ness]. Harshness of the voice depending on some
abnormal condition of the larynx or throat.

hobnail liver. The liver of advanced atrophic
cirrhosis, so called on account of the small projections
on the surface. Syn., gin-drinker's liver.

Hoboken's valves. The secondary windings of
the vessels of the umbilical cord that form grooves
externally and valve-like projections internally.

Hoche, bandelette of (hok). A small bundle of
nerve-fibers, a part of the fasciculus posterior pro-
prius.

Hochsinger's sign (hokh'-zing-er) [Carl Hochsinger,
Austrian pediatrist]. The existence of indicanuria
in tuberculosis of childhood.

hock, hough (hok) [ME., houz, heel]. The joint
on the hind -leg of a quadruped between the knee
and the fetlock, corresponding to the ankle-joint in
man. In man, the back part of the knee-joint; the
ham.

HODARA'S

430

HOLTZ

Hodara's disease (ho-dah'-rah) [Menahem Hodara,
Turkish physician]. A form of trichorrhexis nodosa
that has been observed by Hodara in women in
Constantinople.

Hodge's plane (hodj) [Hugh Lenox Hodge, Ameri-
can gynecologist, 1796-1873]. A plane parallel to
that of the pelvic inlet, passing through the upper
border of the os pubis and the middle of the second
sacral vertebra.

Hodgen's apparatus (hod'-gen) [John Thompson
Hodgen, American surgeon, 1826-1882]. A modifica-
tion of Smith's anterior splint.

Hodgkin's disease (hodj'-kin) [Thomas Hodgkin,
English physician, 1 798-1 866]. Pseudoleukemia;
progressive hyperplasia of the lymphatic glands
associated with anemia.

Hodgson's disease (hodj'-sun) [Joseph Hodgson,
English physician, 1788-1869]. Senile atheroma of
the aorta with consequent lesion of aortic valves.

hodograph (hod'-o-graf) [686s, a path; ypafciv,
to write]. 1. An instrument for recording loco-
motor movements. 2. Of Sir Wm. Hamilton, a
curve demonstrating the velocity of a moving par-
ticle; it is employed in the study of central forces.

hoe (ho) [ME., howe, a hoe]. A scraping-instru-
ment used in operations for cleft-palate, or in den-
tistry.

Hoen's degeneration (ho' -en). Degenerative
change in striated muscles with nuclear proliferation.

Hoffa's operation (hof'-fer) [Albert Hoffa, German
orthopedist, 1850-1907]. A "bloody" method of
reducing congenital dislocation of the hip.

Hoffmann's anodyne (hof'-man). A compound of
ether, 30; alcohol, 67; ethereal oil, 3- It is anodyne,
stimulant, and antispasmodic, and is used in nervous
irritation, angina pectoris, and asthma. Dose 30
min.-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). H.'s symptom, increase of the
mechanical irritability of the sensory nerves in tetany.
H.'s test for tyrosin, add to the solution to be tested
mercuric nitrate and boil; then add nitric acid con-
taining some nitrous acid. If tyrosin is present, a
beautiful red coloration is produced and a red
precipitate is formed. H.'s type of progressive
muscular atrophy. See Char cot-Marie's type of
progressive muscular atrophy.

Hofmeister's test for leucin (hof -mister). A
deposit of metallic mercury is formed on warming a
solution of leucin with mercurous nitrate. H.'s
test for peptones, prepare phosphotungstic acid by
dissolving commercial sodium tungstate in boiling
water and adding phosphoric acid until acid in
reaction; acidify strongly with hydrochloric acid after
cooling, and filter when it has stood 24 hours. On
adding this to a peptone solution entirely free from
albumin it yields a precipitate.

hog cholera. A contagious, febrile, disease of
hogs, due to Bacillus cholera suist

Hohl's method (hoi) [Anron Friedrich Hohl,
German physician, 1789-1862]. A method of pre-
serving the perineum in labor. It consists in apply-
ing resistance to the presenting part, the thumb
being applied anteriorly to the occiput and the index
and middle fingers posteriorly upon that portion of
the head lying nearest the commissure.

holadin (hol'-ad-in) [6\os, entire; &Srjv, gland].
Trade name of a preparation of the entire pancreas.
It is sold in 3 gr. capsules.

holagogue (hol'-ag-og) [6\os, whole; ayoiyos, lead-
ing]. A medicine or remedy -that expels or drives
out the whole of a morbid substance. A radical
remedy.

holarthritis (hol-ar-thri'-tis). See polyarthritis.

Holden's line (hoi' -den) [Luther H olden, English
surgeon, 1815-1905]. A sulcus below the fold of
the groin, starting from the femoroscrotal furrow,
and fading away between the great trochanter and
the anterior superior iliac spine; it crosses the middle
of the capsule of the hip.

holder (hold'-er). A device for holding instru-
ments, sponges, etc., in surgical operations.

hold-fast (hold'-fast). A "lumpy-jaw" tumor.
See actinomycosis.

holgin (hol'-jin). Trade name of an antiseptic
compound of menthol, formaldehyde and methyl
alcohol.

hollow (hol'-o). 1. Empty within; not solid.
2. A depression; a vacuity, h.-back, lordosis, h.-
foot, same as talipes, cavus, q. v. h.-horn, h.-tail.
Synonym of Texas fever.

hollyhock (hol'-e-hok). See althea.

Holmes' operation (holmz) [Timothy Holmes,
English surgeon, 1825-1907]. For excision of the os
calcis: an incision is made from the inner edge of the
Achilles tendon along the upper border of the os
calcis and the outer border of the foot to the cal-
caneocuboid joint, and this is joined by another
incision running across the sole, the peroneal tendons
being divided.

Holmgren's test (holm'-gren) [Alarik Frithiof
Holmgren, Swedish physiologist, 1831-1897]. A test
for color-blindness. The patient is requested to
match skeins of different colored worsted, and if
color-blind, he always selects characteristic shades.

holo- (hol'-o-) [SXos, entire]. A prefix signifying
entirety.

holoblast- (hol'-o-blast) [holo-; /SXcurros, germ].
In biology, an ovum that undergoes complete seg-
mentation while germinating.

holoblastic (hol-o-blas'-tik) [5\os, whole; P\o.<tt6s,
germ]. Applied to ova in which the entire yolk is
included in the process of segmentation; one in
which there is no separate food-yolk.

holocaine (hol-o-ka'-in). A crystalline combina-
tion of paraphenetidin and acetphenetidin. The
hydrochloride is employed as an anesthetic in
ophthalmic practice in 1 % solution.

holocrine (hol'-o-kren) [holo-; Kpivetv, to separate].
Applied to a gland the cell of which, after having
elaborated the material of secretion, falls into disuse
and disappears. Cf. merocrine.

holodiastolic (hol-o-di-as-tol'-ik) [holo-; diastole].
Relating to the entire diastole.

holometabolic (hol-o-met-ab-ol'-ik) [holo-; nerafioXri,
change]. In biology, applied to animals that undergo
complete metamorphosis or transformation, as in-
sects.

holonarcosis (hol-o-nar-ko'-sis) [holo-; vapuwais,
stupor]. Complete narcosis.

holopathy (hol-op'-ath-e) [holo-; irddos, disease].
1. A general or constitutional disease of which a local
disorder is but a manifestation. 2. The theory that
local diseases are manifestations of a general disorder.

holoplexia (hol-o-pleks'-e-ah) [holo-; 7rXfj£<.s, a
stroke]. Complete or general paralysis.

holorhachischisis (hol-o-rak-is'-kis-is) [holo-; paxis,
spinal column; trxifelv, to cleave]. A congenital
absence of the vertebral canal.

holoschisis (hol-os'-kis-is) [holo-; axlo-is, cleavage].
Amitotic or indirect cell-division; amitosis.

holosteosclerosis (hol-os-te-o-skler-o'-sis) [holo-;
oareov, bone; <tk\t)pos, hard]. General osteosclerosis.

holosteous (hol-os'-te-us) [holo-; bareov, a bone].
In biology, having a completely bony skeleton.

holosteric (hol-os'-ter-ik) [holo-; arepeos, solid].
Not liquid; composed entirely of solids.

holostomatous (hol-o-sto'-mat-us) [holo-; arofia,
mouth]. In biology, having the mouth entire,
neither notched nor with parts missing.

holosymphysis (hol-o-sim'-fiz-is) [holo-; avpupvais,
a growing together]. Complete union.

holosystolic (hol-o-sis-tol'-ik) [holo-; systole]. Re-
lating to the entire systole.

holotetanus (hol-o-tet'-an-us) [holo-; rkravos, teta-
nus]. General tetanus; called also holotonia.

holotomy (hol-ot'-o-me) [holo-; -rkp.vtiv, to cut].
Complete surgical excision of a part or organ.

holotonia, or holotony (hol-o-to' -ne-ah, hol-ot'-o-ne)
[holo-; relveiv, to stretch]. Same as holotetanus.

holotonic (hol-o-ton'-ik) [holo-; reiver, to stretch].
Relating to, or characterized by, holotetany.

holotopic (hol-o-top'-ik) [holo-; tokos, place]. Per-
taining to the relation of a part to the entire organism.

holotopy (hol-ot'-o-pe). Waldeyer's term for the
relation of a part or organ to the whole organism.
Cf. idiotopy; skeletotopy; syntopy.

ho-louan (ho-loo-an') [Chinese]. Cholera.

holozoic (hol-o-zo'-ik) [holo-; $&ov, an animal].
In biology, entirely resembling animals in mode of
nutrition.

Holthouse's hernia (holt'-hows) [Carsten Holthouse,
English surgeon, 1810-1890]. An oblique inguinal
hernia in which, owing to the nondescent of the testis
or from other causes, the hernia protrudes outward
along the fold of the groin.

holting (holt'-ing) [Barnard Holt, English surgeon,
19th century]. The divulsion of a urethral stric-
ture by Holt's dilator.

Holtz machine (holtz) [Wilhelm Holtz, German
physicist, 1836- ]. A particular form of electro-
static induction-machine.

HOLZIN

431

HOMOGENY

holzin (holt'-ziri). Formaldehyde in a 60 % solu-
tion in methyl-alcohol. An antiseptic and disin-
fectant.

holzinol (holt' -zin-oV) . A solution of formaldehyde
in methyl-alcohol containing a small proportion of
menthol. Antiseptic and disinfectant.

homagra (hom-a'-grah). See omagra.

homalccephalus (hom-al-o-sef -al-us) [&/ia\6s, flat;
Ke<£aXi7, the head]. Lissauer's term for "flat headed."

homalocoryphus (hom-al-o-kor'-if-us) [6fia\6s, flat;
Kopv<f>r), the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in
which the angle formed by two lines drawn from
the bregma and the occipital point to the highest
point above is between 1320 and 1420.

homalodermatous, homalodermous (Jto-mal-o-dur'-
mat-us, -dur'-mus) [6na\6s, smooth; depfia, skin].
Having a smooth skin.

homalographic (hom-al-o-graf-ik) [6p,a\6s, level;
ypa<puv, to write]. Pertaining to homolography.
h. method, a method of showing the structure of the
body by means of plane sections of a frozen body.

homalography (hom-al-og'-ra-fe) [6/iaX6s, level;
ypa<t>eu>, to record]. Anatomy by sections; the
representation of structure by means of sketches of
various sections.

homalometopus (hom-al-o-met-o'-pus) [6p,a\6s, flat;
fieTuirov, the space between the eyes]. Lissauer's
term for a skull having a frontal angle between
130.50 and 1410.

homalopisthocranius (hom-al-o-pis-tho-kra'-ne-us)
[6/xaXoj, flat; oiuoOev, behind; upavlov, the skull].
Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed
by lines joining the external occipital protuberance
and the occipital point with the highest point of the
skull is between 1400 and 154°.

homalosternal (hom-al-o-ster'-nal) [6p.a\6s, even,
level; arkpvov, sternum]. In biology, having a
raftlike or keelless sternum; as certain birds.

homaluranus (hom-al-u-ra'-nus) [d/iaXos, flat;
oiipa, a tail]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which
the angle formed by lines joining the occipital point
and the bregma with the highest point of the skull
is between 147. 5° and 163. 50.

homatropine (ho-mat'-ro-pen), C16H21NO3. An
alkaloid derived from atropine. It causes dilation
of the pupil and paralysis of accommodation as does
atropine, but its effects pass off more quickly —
usually in two or three days. The hydrobromide is
the salt generally employed, h. hydrobromide
(homatropince hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), C16H21NO3 .-
HBr, white crystals used as a^mydriatic and in the
night-sweats of tuberculosis! Dose t^u-bV gr.
(0.0005-0.0011 Gm.); maximum dose, single, 50 gr.
(0.001 Gm.). Application, 1 % solution.

homaxonial, homaxonic (hom-aks-on'-e-al, hom-aks-
on'-ik) [homo-; a£o>v, axis]. Having equal axes.

Home's lobe [Sir Everard Home, English surgeon,
1763-1832]. A small, glandular structure sometimes
seen between the caput gallinaginis and the sphincter
vesicae. It represents the third lobe of the prostate
and may become considerably enlarged in old people.

homedric (hom-ed'-rik) [homo-; Upa, a base].
Having equal facets.

homeo- (ho-me-o) [S^ows, like], A prefix signi-
fying likeness.

homeochronjus (ho-me-ok' -ro-nus) [homeo-; xpovos,
time]. 1. Similar in time or periodicity. 2. In true
onteogenetic sequence; appearing in proper order or
time.

homeocyte (ho'-me-o-sit) [homeo-; kvtos, cell].
Same as lymphocyte.

homeomerous (ho-me-om'-er-us) [homeo-; ixkpos,
part]. In biology, having given organs or parts
distributed uniformly throughout.

homeomorphous (ho-me-o-mor'-fus) [homeo-; p.op<pr\,
form]. Like or similar in form and structure.

homeo-osteoplasty (ho-me-o-os' -te-o-plas-te) [homeo- ;
borkov, bone; irXaaaeiv, to mold]. The grafting of a
piece of bone similar to that upon which it is grafted.

homeopath (ho'-me-o-path) [see homeopathy],
Homeopathist.

homeopathic (ho-me-o-path' -ik) [see homeopathy].
Relating to homeopathy.

homeopathist (ho-me-op'-ath-ist) [see homeopathy],
A practitioner of homeopathy.

homeopathy (ho-me-op'-ath-e) [homeo-; iraBos,
ailment or disease] . A system of treatment of disease
by the use of agents that, administered in health,
would produce symptoms similar to those for the
relief of which they are given.

homeoplasia {ho-me-o-pla'-ze-ah) [homeo-; irXaaaetv ,
to shape]. The growth of tissue resembling the
normal tissue, or matrix, in its form and properties;
also the tissue so formed.

homeoplastic (ho-me-o-plas'-tik) [homeo-; irXaaaeiv,
to form]. Pertaining to a neoplasm resembling its
matrix-tissue in texture. One differing widely in
this respect is heteroplastic. If separated in posi-
tion, it is said to be heterotopic; in date, hetero-
chronic.

homeoplasty (ho'-me-o-plas-te). See homeoplasia.

homeosemous (hom-e-o-se'-mus) [homeo-; <rr)p,eloi>,
a sign]. Similar in import: applied to symptoms.

homeosis, or homoiosis (ho-me-o' -sis, or ho-moi-
o'-sis) [homeo-]. The assimilation of nutrient ma-
terial.

homeotherapeutics (ho-me-o-ther-ap-u'-liks) [ho-
meo-; Bepairtbeiv, to treat]. The homeopathic
doctrine of therapeutics.

homeothermal, or homoiothermal (ho-me-o-ther'-
mal, ho-moi-o-ther'-mal) [homeo-; dkpurj, heat]. Per-
taining to animals that are "warm-blooded," or
that maintain a uniform temperature despite vari-
ation in the surrounding temperature.

homeothermy (ho-me-o-ther'-me) [homeo-; dkppL-q,
heat]. The condition of having a temperature which
is not affected by environment.

homesickness (hom'-sik-nes). Nostalgia. An
urgent desire to return to one's home. It may be
accompanied by a morbid sluggishness of the func-
tions of the various organs of the body, and may
develop into profound melancholy.

homicidal (hom-is-i'-dal) [homo, a man; cczdere, to
kill]. Pertaining to homicide, h. mania, insanity
characterized by murderous impulses.

homicide (hom'-is-ld) [homo, a man; cczdere, to
kill]. The killing of a human being without malice
or intent, as distinguished from murder or man-
slaughter. Also, the taking of human life in general
by another. Also, one who takes the life of another.

homiculture (ho'-mik-ul-chur) [homo, man; cultura,
culture]. The improvement of the human species by
attention to the laws of breeding; stirpiculture.

homo- (ho-mo-). See homeo-.

homoarecoline (ho-mo-ar-ek'-o-len), C7Hio(C2Hs)-
NO2. The ethyl ether of arecaidine (q. v.). A
yellowish liquid soluble in water or alcohol. The
hydrobromide forming colorless soluble crystals
melting at no° C. is recommended as a substitute
for arecoline.

homoblastic (ho-mo-blas'-tik) [homo-; /JXatrros, a
bud, germ]. In biology, derived from like germs or
cells.

homocentric (ho-mo-sen'-trik) [homo-; Kkvrpov,
center]. Concentric; having the same center, h.
rays, light rays that have a common focus or are
parallel.

homocerebrin (ho-mo-ser' -e-brin) [homo-; cerebrum].
A substance derived from brain tissue, closely
resembling cerebrin, but more soluble in alcohol.

homochronous (ho-mok1 -ro-nus) [homo-; xpovos,
time]. Occurring at the same age or period in
successive generations.

homocladic (ho-mo-klad'-ik) [homo-; kXoSoj,
branch]. Referring to an anastomosis between twigs
of the same artery.

homodont (ho'-mo-dont) [homo-; 656us, tooth].
In biology, having the teeth alike throughout.

homoeo- (ho-me-o-). For words thus beginning see
homeo-.

homogeneity (ho-mo-jen-e'-it-e) [homo-; yevos, a
kind]. The condition of being homogeneous.

homogeneous (ho-mo-je'-ne-us) [homo-; y&os,
kind]. Having the same nature or qualities; of
uniform character in all parts.

homogenesis (ho-mo-jen'-es-is) [homo-: ykve<ns,
birth]. Reproduction in which the offspring passes
through the same cycle of changes as the parent itself.

homogenization (ho-mo-jen-iz-a'-shun) [homo-;
ytwav, to produce]. The act or process of rendering
or of becoming homogeneous; reduction to a common
standard; the process of rendering the objects of
microscopic study transparent and fixed.

homogenous (ho-moj'-en-us). Pertaining to ho-
mogeny.

homogentisic acid (hom-o-jen-tis'-ik). See acid.

homogeny (ho-moj'-en-e) [6p.oyei>eris, of the same
race or family]. In biology, an agreement among
organisms depending on the inheritance of a common
part or having a common ancestor. See homogenesis.

HOMOIO

432

HORISMASCOPE

homoio- (ho-moi-o-). For words thus beginning,
see homeo-.

homoiosis (ho-moi-o' -sis). See homeosis.

homoio thermal (ho-moi-o-ther'-mal). i. Warm-
blooded. 2. Maintaining a uniform temperature.

homolateral (ho-mo-lat'-er-al) [homo-; latus, side].
On or pertaining to the same side.

homologue, homolog (ho' -mo-log) [homo-; X6?os,
proportion]. An organ which has the same relative
structure, position, or development as another.
The same organ in different organisms under every
variety of form and function.

homologous (ho-mol'-o-gus) [see homologue]. Corre-
sponding in structure, either directly or as referred
to a fundamental type. In chemistry, being of the
same type or series; differing by a multiple or an
arithmetical ratio in certain constituents, h. tissues,
those identical in type of structure, h. tumor,
a tumor consisting of tissue identical with that of
the organ whence it springs, h. vaccine, one derived
from the microorganism infesting the person to be
immunized; autogenous vaccine.

homology (ho-mol'-o-je) [see homologue]. The
quality of being homologous; also, the morphological
identity of parts or organs in different animals.

homomerous (ho-mom' -er-us) [homo-; nkpos, a
part]. Having the parts alike.

homomorphism (ho-mo-mor'-fizm) [homo-; p.op4>i],
form]. In biology, superficial resemblance, without
true homology; mimicry or adaptive resemblance.

homomorphous (ho-mo-mor'-fus) [homo-; p.op<f>ri,
f orm] . In biology, exhibiting superficial resemblance,
but not truly homologous.

homonomous (ho-mon' -o-mus) [homo-; voptos, law].
Governed by or under the same law.

homonym (hom'-o-nim) [homo-; ovona, name].
That which is homonymous.

homonymous (ho-mon' -im-us) [homo-; 6vop.a, a
name]. 1. Having the same sound or name; having
the same relative position, h. diplopia, a form of
diplopia in which the image seen by the right eye
is on the right side and that seen by the left eye is
on the left side. h. hemianopia. See hemianopia,
homonymous.

homophonous (ho-mof'-on-us) [homo-; tpuvi), a
sound]. Relating to words spelled differently but
indistinguishable in sound; it is applied to different
conceptions.

homoplasmic (ho-mo-plaz'-mik). Same as homo-
plastic.

homoplasmy (ho'-mo-plaz-me) [homo-; irXatrtia, a
thing moulded]. In biology, homoplastic or homo-
morphic, i. e., showing mimetic resemblances.

homoplast (ho'-mo-plast) [homo-; ir\a<rr6s, formed,
moulded]. In biology. 1. One of any aggregate
or fusion of plastids. 2. An organ or part showing
mere superficial or mimetic resemblance to another.

homoplastic (ho-mo-plas'-tik) [homo-; irXatrros,
formed]. Applied to new growths in which there
has been no cytomorphosis, the cells resembling those
of the parent tissue, as in angioma and glioma.

homoplastid (ho-mo-plas'-tid) [homo-; irXkaaeiv, to
form]. An organism each cell of which is endowed
with the power of reproducing the species.

homoquinine (ho'-mo-kwin-en), C19H22N2O2. A
crystalline alkaloid soluble in alcohol or chloroform,
found in the bark of Cinchona pedunculata, and
Remijia purdieana.

homosexual (ho-mo-seks'-u-al) [homo-; sexus, sex].
Pertaining to the same sex.

homosexuality (ho-mo-seks-u-aV -it-e) [homo-; sexu-
alis, of a sex]. That form of sexual perversion,
acquired or congenital, in which the individual
conceives a violent sexual passion for one of the
same sex, and gratifies it either by sodomy, by
titillation, or platonically.

homostimulant (ho-mo-stim'-u-lant). A term used
to indicate the particular action which organic ex-
tracts and lipoids exert upon the organs to which
they correspond. See Hallion's law.

homothermal (ho-mo-ther'-mal) [homo- ; Bkpp,t\,
heat]. Warm-blooded.

homothermic (ho-mo-ther'-mik) [homo-; Qkpp.i\,
heat]. Haying a uniform temperature.

homotonic (ho-mo-ton'-ik) [homo-; rbvos, tone;
tension]. Having a uniform or even course.

homotype (ho' -mo-tip) [homo-; tvitos, a pattern].
A part corresponding and similar to another part, as
the humerus to the femur.

homotypical (ho-mo-tip'-ik-al) [homo-; t6xos, type].
In biology, showing serial correspondence or bilateral
symmetry.

homunculus (ho-mun'-ku-lus) [L., dim. of homo,
man]. The fetus; a dwarf.

Honduras bark (hon-du'-ras). Cascara amarga.

honey (hun'-e). See mel.

honorarium (on-or-a'-re-um) [L.]. A professional
fee; especially one that is in theory a gift, no formal
professional charge having been made.

honthin, hontin (hon'-thin, -tin) [named from the
town of the discoverer]. A proprietary, odorless,
tasteless preparation, said to consist of tannin,
albumin, and keratin; an intestinal astringent.
Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily;
infants, 4-5 gr. (0.25-0.32 Gm.) 4 times daily.

hoof. The casing of hard, horny substance
that sheathes the ends of the digits or in cases the
foot in many animals, h.-bound, in farriery, having
a dryness and contraction of the hoof, resulting in
pain and lameness. This condition is also called
contracted heels.

hoof-and-mouth disease. See foot-and-mouth dis-
ease.

hook [AS., hoc], A curved instrument, h., blunt,
an instrument for exercising traction upon the
fetus in an arrested breech presentation. h.s,
Malgaigne's. See Malgaigne's h.s. h., Tyrrel's. See
Tyrrel's h.

hook-worm. Same as Ankylostoma duodenale and
Uncinaria americana, q. v. h. disease, uncinariasis,
ankylostomiasis.

Hooper's pill (hoop'-er) [John Hooper, English
apothecary, 18th century]. A pill containing aloes,
crystallized sulphate of iron, extract of hellebore,
myrrh, soap, canella, and ginger.

hooping-cough (hoop'-ing-kof). See whooping-
cough, pertussis.

hoose (hooz) [ME., hose, hoarse]. Sheep-cough.
A disease of sheep, lambs, etc., due to the presence
of Strongylus jilaria, a nematode worm, in the lungs
and air-passages, and characterized by a husky cough,
anorexia, dry muzzle, constipation, and dyspnea.

hoove, hooven (hoov, hoov'-en) [dial., hooven].
Distention of the stomach of a ruminant animal
with gas, caused by the fermentation of food. It is
generally due to eating too much green food.

hop. See humulus.

Hope's camphor mixture [John Hope, English
physician, 1725-1786]. A mixture containing nitric
acid, camphor-water^ and tincture of opium. It is
used in the treatment of serous or choleraic diarrhea.
H.'s sign, double cardiac beat noted in aneurysm of
the aorta.

Hopmann's polyp. Papillary hypertrophy of the
nasal mucous membrane, presenting the appearance
of a papilloma.

hopogan (hop'-o-gan). The commercial name for a
peroxide of magnesium.

Hoppe-Goldfiam's symptom-complex (hop'-er-gold'-
flam) [Johann Ignaz Hoppe, Swiss physiologist,
1811-1891; S. Goldfiam]. Myasthenia gravis; see
Erb's disease.

Hoppe-Seyler's test for carbon monoxide in blood
(hop'-er-zi'-ler) [Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler,
German physiologist, 1825-1895]. Add to the blood
twice its volume of caustic soda solution of 1.3
specific gravity. Ordinary blood thus treated is a
dingy brown mass which, when spread out on porce-
lain, has a shade of green. Blood containing carbon
monoxide, under the same conditions, appears as a
red mass which, if spread on porcelain, shows a
beautiful red color. H.S.'s test for xanthin, add the
xanthin to a mixture of a solution of sodium hydroxide
and chloride of lime in a porcelain dish; at first a
dark-green ring, which quickly turns brown and
disappears, forms about each xanthin grain.

hordein (hor'-de-in) [hordeum, barley]. A mixture
of a protein with starch-cellulose; it exists in barley-
starch, but is not soluble.

hordeolum (hor-de'-o-lum) [hordeum]. A sty; a
furuncular inflammation of the connective tissue of
the lids, near a hair-follicle, h. externum. See
Zeissian sty. h. internum. See Meibomian sty.

hordeum (hor'-de-um) [L.]. Barley.

horehound (hor'-hownd). See marrubium.

horismascope (hor-iz'-mah-skop) [6pi<rp,a, a deter-
mination; CKoirelv, to examine]. An instrument
designed for the detection of albumin, peptones,
biliary constituents, etc., in urine.

HORIZONTAL

433

HUCKLE-BONE

horizontal (hor-iz-on'-tal) [6pi$o>v, the horizon].
Parallel to the horizon. Referring to planes at right
angles to vertical planes.

Horlick's food (hor'-lik). A food for infants. Its
composition is: Water, 3-39; fat, 0.08; grape-sugar,
34.09; cane-sugar, 12.45; no starch; soluble carbo-
hydrates, 87.20; albuminoids, 6.71; ash, 1.28.

hormion (hor'-me-on) [bpn-q, the first]. See cranio-
metric points.

hormonadin (hor-mon'-ad-in). Trade name for a
pancreatic solution without the enzymes.

hormonal (hor'-mo-nal). Trade name of a prepara-
tion made from the spleen, and said to stimulate
intestinal peristalsis. It has been used in constipa-
tion.

hormone (hor'-mon) [6p/idw, I set in motion, arouse].
A chemical substance produced in a more or less
distant organ which, passing into the blood-stream
and reaching a functionally associated organ, is
capable of exciting the latter to activity. »

hormonopoiesis (hor-mo-no-poi-e'-sis) [hormone-;
7Toi»?<ns, a making]. Hormone producing.

hormonopoietic (hor-mo-no-poi-et'-ic) [hormone-;
voi7]n.K6s, productive]. Pertaining to hormono-
poiesis.

hormotone (hor' -mo-ton). A preparation con-
taining hormones of the thyroid, pituitary, ovary,
testis, pancreas and spleen.

horn. 1. A substance composed chiefly of keratin.
2. Cornu.

Horner's disease (hor'-ner) [William Edmunds
Horner, American anatomist, 1793-1853]. A slight
ptosis accompanied by miosis, retraction of the
eyeball, and flushing of the face of the same side,
in destructive lesions of the cervical sympathetic.
H.'s muscle, the tensor tarsi. H.'s ptosis. See H.'s
disease. H.'s teeth, incisor teeth presenting hori-
zontal grooves that are due to a deficiency of
enamel.

horny (hor'-ne) [horn]. Composed of or resembling
horn. h. epithelium, horny granulations in trachoma.
h. layer, the stratum corneum of the skin.

horopter (hor-op'-ter) [5pos, boundary; dirrrip, an
observer]. The sum of all the points seen singly by
the two retina? while the fixation-point remains
stationary.

horopteric (hor-op-ter'-ik) [8pos, boundary; dirrrip
observer]. Pertaining to an horopter.

horrida cutis (hor'-id-ah ku'-tis) [L.]. Goose-skin.
Cutis anserina.

horripilation (hor-ip-il-a'-shun) [horrere, to stand
on end; pilus, the hair]. Erection of the hairs of
the skin produced by the contraction of the arrectores
pili muscles.

horror autotoxicus (hor'-or aw-to-toks'-ik-us). Ehr-
lich's term for the non-production of antibodies by
an animal against its own tissue cells.

horrors (hor'-orz) [horror, a shaking, terror]. A
popular name for delirium tremens, q. v.

horse-chestnut. See ALsculus hippocastanum.

horse-distemper. Influenza.

horse-doctor. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.
' horse-drench. A dose of physic for a horse.

horse-foot. See talipes equinus.

horse-leech. A laige leech, the Hamopis of
S. Europe and N. Africa; also a horse-doctor.

horse-power. See unit.

horse-pox. 1. A pustular disease of horses, which,
communicated to cows, produces cow-pox. It is
also called pustular grease. 2. See coitus disease.

horse-radish (hors'-rad-ish). The plant, Cochlearia
armoracia, of the order Cruciferce. The root (armo-
racice radix, B. P.) contains a volatile oil, and is a
gastric stimulant and diuretic. It is chiefly used as
a condiment, but has been employed in medicine in
dropsy, chronic rheumatism, and scurvy. Dose of
the root \ dr. (2 Gm.) or more.

horse-shoe fistula. A name applied to a fistulous
tract surrounding the rectum in a semicircle, either
in front or behind.

horse-shoe hymen. See hymen.

horseshoe-kidney. A kidney having somewhat
the shape of a horseshoe, due to a fusion of the two
kidneys at one of their ends, usually the lower.

horseshoe-magnet. A magnet bent in the shape
of a horseshoe.

horse-sickness. See anthrax.

horse-tail. See Equisetum.

horseweed. 1. Callinsonia canadensis, an in-
digenous plant, the root of which (in decoction) is

used in cystitis, leukorrhea, dropsy, gravel, etc.
2. Erigeron canadense.

horsikin (hor' -sik-iri) . A model used in teaching
the anatomy and surgery of the horse.

horsine (hors'-in). A French preparation said to
be made from the juice of the muscle fibres of the
horse. It has been given in tuberculosis.

Horsley's method (hors'-le) [Sir Victor Alexander
Haden Horsley, English surgeon, 1857- ]. A
method of determining the position of the fissure of
Rolando by means of an instrument called a cyrto-
meter, encircling the head, and having an arm fixed
at an angle of 67 °, which indicates the position of the
fissure. H.'s test, a test for glucose. The urine
rendered alkaline is boiled with potassium bichromate;
if sugar is present, a green color is developed. H.'s
wax, a compound of phenol 1, oil 2, and wax 7, used
to plug the diploe in case of hemorrhage from the
skull.

hospital (hos'-pit-al) [hospes, a guest]. A building
for the care and treatment of sick or infirm persons.
h. fever, fever in hospitals due to unsanitary con-
ditions, h. gangrene, a contagious, phagedenic
gangrene occasionally attacking wounds or open
sores. It is confined mainly to military hospitals,
and is of microbic origin.

hospitalism (Jios'-pit-al-izm) [hospital]. The morbid
conditions arising from the gathering of diseased
persons in a hospital.

host (host) [hostis, a stranger; a landlord]. The
organic body upon which parasites live.

hot [ME.]. Having or yielding the sensation of
heat; stimulating; biting, h.-air bath. See bath,
hot-air. h.-air treatment, the local application of
superheated dry air, the affected part being introduced
into a cylinder or chamber, h. bath. See bath, hot.
h. drops, a term for the tincture of capsicum and
myrrh, h. eye, congestion of the eye attending gout.

Hottentot apron. See apron, Hottentot. H. de-
formity. See steatopygia.

hottentotism (hot' -en-tot-izm) . An extreme form of
congenital stammering.

hough (hok). Hock; the lower part of the thigh.

hour-glass contraction. A contraction of a hollow
organ, as the uterus or stomach, near the middle,
producing a condition resembling an hour-glass.

house disease. Consumption.

housemaid's knee. A chronic inflammation of the
bursa in front of the patella with an accumulation of
serous fluid.

house-physician. The resident physician in a
hospital.

house-surgeon. The resident surgeon in a hos-
pital.

Houston's folds or valves (hows'-tun) [John
Houston, Irish surgeon, 1802-1845]. Oblique folds,
three in number, of the mucous membrane of the
rectum. H.'s muscle, the compressor venae dorsalis
penis, a fasciculus of the ischiocavernosus, which
passes over the dorsum of the penis to join its fellow
of the opposite side.

hove, hoven (hov, ho'-ven). See hoove.

Hovius' canal. See Fontana's canal. H.'s mem-
brane. See membrana ruyschiana. H.'s plexus, H.'s
vascular circle. See Leber's plexus.

Howard's method of artificial respiration (how'-ard)
[Benjamin Douglas Howard, American physician,
1840-1900]. The patient is placed on his back,
with his head lower than his abdomen, and pressure
is exerted upon the lower ribs every few seconds.

Howship's lacuna? (how'-ship) [John Howship,
English surgeon, died 1841]. H.'s pits, minute
depressions or pits in bone undergoing absorption,
produced by the action of osteoclasts.

Howship-Romberg's sign. See Romberg's sign.

h. s. Abbreviation for hora so mni [L.]. Bedtime.

Ht. Abbreviation for total hyperopia.

Huchard's disease (hoo-shar') [Henri Huchard,
French physician, 1844-1910]. Excessive arterial
tension due to a spasm of the vasoconstrictors, and
which, according to Huchard, causes general arterio-
sclerosis. H.'s sign, the difference in the pulse
between the standing and recumbent posture is less
in persons with arterial hypertension, and may even
be the reverse of that of the normal condition.
H.'s treatment, a method of treating dilatation of
the stomach by almost excluding liquids from the
diet.

huckle-bone (huk'-l-bon) [ME., huccle-bone, the
astragalus]. The astragalus, q. v.

HUDSON'S APPARATUS

434

HUYGENIAN OCULAR

Hudson's apparatus. An apparatus to support
the fingers and hands in the treatment of wrist-drop.

Huebl's sign. An early sign of pregnancy, con-
sisting in an abnormal thinness and compressibility
of the lower segment of the uterus as compared with
that part above the insertion of the sacrouterine
ligaments, the bimanual examination being carried
out with one finger in the rectum.

Hueck's ligament (hick) [Alexander Friedrich
Hueck, German anatomist, 1802-1842]. The pecti-
nate ligament of the iris.

Hueter's bandage (he'-ter) [Carl Hueter, German
surgeon, 1838-1882]. A spica bandage for the
perineum. H.'s sign, absence of transmission of
osseous vibration in cases of fracture with fibrous
interposition between the fragments.

Huguier's canal (hoo-ge-a') [Pierre Charles Huguier,
French surgeon, 1804-1873]- A small canal in the
temporal bone running parallel to the Glaserian
fissure and transmitting the chorda tympani. H.'s
circle, the anastomosis formed by the branches of
the uterine arteries around the uterus, at the junction
of the body with the cervix. It is not constant.
H.'s disease. 1. Hypertrophic elongation of the
supravaginal portion of the cervix uteri. 2. Lupus
of the vulva. Syn., . Esthiomene de la vulve. H.'s
glands. See Bartholin, glands of. H.'s operation.
A method of performing colotomy: the right lumbar
operation.

hum, venous. A peculiar sound heard in the
large veins of the neck in some cases of anemia.
Syn., bruit de diable.

humanized (hu'-man-lzd) . Applied to viruses which
have passed through a human being.

humectant (hu-mek'-tant) [humectare, to make
moist]. 1. Moistening; like a poultice; diluent.
2. A diluent; a substance used to moisten.

humectation (hu-mek-ta'-shun) [see humectant].
The act of moistening.

humeral (hu'-mer-al) [humerus]. Pertaining to
the humerus.

humeren (hil'-mer-en) [humerus]. Belonging to the
humerus in itself.

humerus (hu'-mer-us) [L.]. The bone of the
upper arm.

humid (hu'-mid) [humidus, moist]. Moist; damp.
h. gangrene. See gangrene, h. tellter. See eczema.

humidity (hu-mid'-it-e) [humor]. The state or
quality of being moist; moisture; dampness, h.,
absolute, the actual amount of water present in the
air at any moment, h., relative, the relative amount
of water present in air as compared to what the air
would contain at the existing temperature were its
condition that of saturation.

humming-top murmur or sound. See hum, venous.

humor (hu'-mor) [L., "moisture"]. 1. Any fluid
or semifluid part of the body. 2. Disposition;
temperament, as the four humors of Galen — the
choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, and sanguine.
h., aqueous, the transparent fluid of the anterior
chamber of the eye. h., crystalline. See lens,
crystalline, h., vitreous, the transparent, gelatin-
like substance filling the greater part of the globe
of the eye.

humoral (hu'-mor-al) [humor]. Pertaining to the
natural fluids of the body. h. pathology, that system
of pathology according to which all diseases result
from a disordered or abnormal condition of the fluids
or humors of the body. h. reflex, functional activity
due to the action of a hormone, h. theory, that
theory which ascribes the production of immunity
to the antitoxic or bactericidal action of the fluids of
the body.

humoralism, humorism (hic'-mor-al-izm, hu'-mor-
izm). Same as humoral pathology.

humpback, hunchback (hump'-bak, hunch' -bak).
See kyphosis.

humulin (hu'-mu-lin) [humulus, hop]. 1. The
same as lupulin. 2. A concentrated preparation
from the tincture and decoction of hops.

humulus (hu'-mu-lus) [L.]. Hops. The humulus
of the U. S. P. is the fruit-cones or strobiles of H.
lupulus, which yield a powder, lupulin, a volatile
oil, and tannin. Hops are tonic and slightly narcotic,
and are used internally in dyspepsia, delirium tremens,
and insomnia; locally, as emollient poultices. Dose
of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

humus (hu'-mus) [L., the earth, ground, soil].
A dark material from decaying vegetable matter.

Hungarian disease (hung-ga'-re-an) [Hungary].
Synonym of typhus fever.

hunger (hung'-ger) [AS., hungor]. A condition
marked by a sensation of emptiness of the stomach,
with a longing for food, h., air-, severe dyspnea or
breathlessness. h.-cure, treatment by restricted diet.

Hunt's syndrome [James Ramsay Hunt, American
neurologist, 1872- ]. 1. A combination of facial
paralysis, earache and herpes, found when both the
motor and the sensory fibers of the seventh cranial
nerve are diseased. 2. An intention tremor begin-
ning in one extremity, and gradually spreading to
other parts of the body, at the same time increasing
in intensity, denotes progressive cerebellar disturb-
ance.

Hunter's canal (hun'-ter) [1. John Hunter, Eng-
lish surgeon, 1728-1793; 2. William Hunter, English
anatomist, 1718-1783]. [1]. A triangular canal
formed in the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh;
it transmits the femoral artery and vein and internal
saphenous nerve. H.'s gubernaculum. [2]. See
gubernaculum testis. H.'s ligament, the round liga-
ment of the uterus. H.'s line, [2] the linea alba.
H.'s method, [1] a method of treating aneurysm by
ligating the artery on the proximal side of the sac.
H.'s operation, [1] for aneurysm: ligation of the
artery on the cardiac side of the aneurysm at some
distance from it.

Hunteri membrana caduca. The decidua.

Hunterian chancre. See chancre, Hunterian.

Huntington's chorea (hun' -ting-tun) [George Hunt-
ington, American physician, 1850- ]. A heredi-
tary affection of adult or middle life, characterized
by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, and
gradual dementia.

Hunyadi Janos (hoon-yah'-de yah'-nos) [from the
name of the Hungarian national hero, otherwise
called John Corvinus]. An aperient mineral water
from Buda-Pesth, in Hungary, containing sulphates
of magnesium, potassium and sodium, sodium chloride
and carbonate, iron oxide, and alumina. It is an
effective laxative or cathartic.

Huppert's reaction for bile-pigments. After the
solution has been treated with milk of lime or with a
solution of calcium chloride, precipitate with am-
monia; filter and wash the precipitate, treat with
alcohol acidified with sulphuric acid, and boil; the
liquid will assume a green color.

Huschke's canal (hoosh'-ker) [Emil Huschke,
German anatomist, 1797-1913]. A canal formed by
the junction of the tubercles of the annulus tympani-
cus. This is generally obliterated after the fifth
year, but may persist through life. H.'s cartilage.
See Jacobson's cartilage. H.'s foramen, a perforation
often found near the inner extremity of the tympanic
plate; it results from an arrest of development.
H.'s teeth, the serrated projections on the inner
wall of the lamina spiralis of the cochlea, roofing
over the internal spiral sulcus. Syn., crista spiralis.
H.'s valve. See Rosenmueller' s valve.

Hutchinson's disease (hutsh'-in-sun) [Sir Jonathan
Hutchinson, English surgeon, 1828-1913]. See
Tay's choroiditis. H.'s facies, the peculiar facial'
expression caused by immobility of the eyeballs in
ophthalmoplegia externa. H.'s patch, a reddish
(salmon-colored) patch of the cornea in syphilitic
keratitis. H.'s prurigo, the prurigo of dentition.
H.'s pupil, a dilated pupil on the injured side in
traumatic meningeal hemorrhage. H.'s teeth, peg-
shaped incisor teeth, notched at the cutting-edge,
frequently seen in congenital syphilis. H.'s theory,
attributes the origin of leprosy to the eating of fish
too continuously or in too great quantities. H.'s
triad, pathognomonic of hereditary syphilis — (1)
diffuse interstitial keratitis; (2) disease of the laby-
rinth; (3) Hutchinson's teeth.

huttoning (hut' -on-ing) [after Hutton, the inven-
tor]. A method of manipulating a luxated joint,
introduced by one Hutton, a bone-setter.

Huxham's tincture (huks'-ham) [John Huxham,
English physician, 1692-1768]. See cinchona, tinc-
ture of, compound.

Huxley's layer, H.'s membrane, H.'s sheath
[Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1825-
1895]. A layer of nucleated, elongated, polygonal
cells lying within Henle's layer of the inner root-
sheath of hairs.

Huygenian ocular (hi-ge'-ne-an) [Christian Huy-
gens, Dutch physicist, 1629-1695]- A lens con-
sisting of two planoconvex lenses, the convexities

HYAL

435

HYDRARGYRIA

being directed toward the objective; the lower lens
is the field-lens, the upper, the eye-lens.

hyal (hi'-al). See hyoid.

hyalin (hi'-al-in) [OaXos, glass]. i. The generic
term for the soluble substances obtained from
hyalogens by the action of alkalies or superheated
water. 2. A translucent substance forming the
walls of hydatid cysts.

hyaline (hi'-al-in) [see hyalin], ^ Resembling glass,
crystalline, translucent, h. cartilage. See cartilage,
hyaline, h. cast, h. cylinder, a clear, nearly trans-
parent urinary tube-cast. h. degeneration. See de-
generation, hyaline.

hyalinosis (hi-al-in-o'-sis) [vaXos, glass]. Hyaline
or waxy degeneration.

hyahnuria (hi-al-in-u'-re-ah) [hyalin; ovpov, urine].
The presence of hyalin or hyaline casts in the urine.

hyalitis (hi-al-i'-tis) [hyaloid; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane of the
vitreous humor.

hyalo- (hi-al-o-) [DaXos, glass]. A prefix meaning:
1. Transparent, 2. Relating to hyalin.

hyalogen (hi-al'-o-jen) [hyalo-; yewdv, to produce].
1. Generic term for insoluble substances resembling
mucin, found in the walls of hydatid cysts, the vitre-
ous humor, tubercles, etc.; the mother-substance of
hyalin. 2. An albuminoid found in cartilage. It is
readibr changed into hyalin.

hyaloid (hi'-al-oid) [hyalo-; eUos, like]. Trans-
parent; glass-like. h. artery, a branch of the arteria
centralis retinae in the embryo, traversing the vitreous
humor to the posterior capsule of the lens. h. canal,
the canal in the vitreous humor transmitting the
hyaloid artery, h. fossa, the depression for the
crystalline lens. h. membrane, a delicate, trans-
parent membrane surrounding the vitreous humor,
except in front, where it becomes fibrous and strong
and forms a leaflet of the zonule of Zinn.

hyaloiditis (hi-al-oid-i'-tis). See hyalitis.

hyaloma (hi-al-o' -mah) [hyalo-; 6^o, a tumor].
The conversion of the eye into a hyaline mass.

hyalomitome, hyalotome (hi-al-om'-it-om), hi-al'-
o-tom). See paramitome.

hyalomucoid (hi-al-o-mii'-koid) [hyalo-; mucus;
elSos, likeness]. A mucoid found in the fluid of the
vitreous humor.

hyalonyxis (hi-al-o-niks'-is) [hyalo-; vvfa, a
pricking]. Puncture of the vitreous body of the
eye.

hyalophagia (hi-al-o-fa'-je-ah) [hyalo-; <f>ayelv, to
eat]. The practice of eating glass, sometimes seen
among insane persons.

hyaloplasm (hi'-al-o-plazm) [hyalo-; ir\6.<rna, plasm].
The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a living cell.

hyaloserositis (hi-al-o-se-ro-si'-tis) [hyalo-; serosa;
ltis, inflammation]. Chronic* inflammation of the
serous membranes with formation of a dense, fibrous
hyaline investment in certain regions.

hyalosome (hi'-al-o-som) [hyalo-; acbfia, body].
A body resembling a nucleolus, but staining slightly
by either nuclear or plasmatic dyes.

hyboma (hi-bo'-mah) [i>/36s, humpbacked]. Hump-
back, gibbosity.

hybometer (hi-bom'-et-er) [vfios, humpbacked;
ukrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for measuring
pathological gibbosities.

hybrid (hi'-brid) [v&pis, insult]. The offspring of
two individuals of distinct but closely related species.

hybridism, or hybridity (hi'-brid-izm, hi-brid' -it-e)
[u£pis, insult]. Cross-breeding; mixture of races;
the combination of various diseases.

hybridization (hi-brid-iz-a' -shun) . Cross-breeding.

hydaleous (hi-da'-le-us) [iiSaXeos, watery]. Drop-
sical.

hydantoin (hi-dan-to'-in), C3H4N2O2. Glycolyl
urea. A crystalline^ubstance derived from allantoin
and related to urea.

hydatenterocele (hi-dat-en-ter'-o-sel) [vdup, water;
hntpov, bowel; K17X77, tumor]. Hydrocele with
intestinal hernia.

hydatic (hi-dat'-ik). Containing hydatids.

hydatid (hi-dat'-id) [vSarU, vesicle]. 1. A cyst-
like body with clear contents, especially that formed
by the larva of the Tania echinococcus. 2. Bulbous
remnants of embryonic structures. See Morgagni's
hydatid, h. disease, a disease characterized by the
presence in various portions of the body of cysts
containing the embryo of the Tania echinococcus.
h. fremitus, h. thrill, a fremitus occasionally obtained
on palpating a hydatid cyst. h. mole. See chorion,

cystic degeneration of, and mole, hydatid, h. of
Morgagni. See Morgagni, hydatid of.

hydatidiform (hi-dat-id'-if-orm) [hydatid; forma,
form]. Having the form of a hydatid, h. mole.
See mole, hydatidiform.

hydatidocele (hi-dat-id'-o-seV) [hydatid; /07X77,
tumor]. Oscheocele with hydatid cysts.

hydatidoma (hi-dat-id-o'-mah) [hydatid; opa, a
tumor]. Any hydatid cyst or tumor.

hydatidosis (hi-dat-id-o'-sis) [hydatid]. The con-
dition of being affected with hydatids.

hydatidostomy (hi-dat-id-os' -to-me) [hydatid; o-rSna,
mouth]. The opening and evacuation of a hydatid
cyst.

hydatism (hi'-dat-izm) [fiSwp, water]. The sound
caused by the moving of pathological fluid in a body
cavity.

hydatogenesis (hi-dat-o-jen'-es-is) [v8up, water;
yev&ns, production]. The formation of water
within the tissues or cavities of the body.

hydatoid (hi-dat'-oid) [hydatid; eUos, likeness].

1. Hydatidiform. 2. Watery. 3. The aqueous
humor.

hydatoncus (hi-dat-ong'-kus) [vSup, water; oyKos,
a tumor]. Any cyst, or watery tumor.

hydatorrhea (hi-dat-or-e'-ah) [Mop, water; pola,
flow]. A copious flow or discharge of water.

hydra-, hydro- (hi-drah-, hi-dro-) [S5wp, water].
Prefixes signifying the presence of water or of hydro-
gen.

hydracetin (hi-dras'-et-in), CeHoNaH-^HsO). A
coal-tar derivative. It is antipyretic and anti-
rheumatic. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.).

hydracid (hi-dras'-id) [hydra-; acidum, acid].
An acid containing hydrogen but not oxygen.

hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'-tis) [v8up, water; 6.5-hv,
gland; vra, inflammation]. 1. Same as hidrosadenitis.

2. Lymphadenitis, h. destruens suppurativa. See
hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa.

hydradenoma (hi-drad-en-o'-ma). Same as hidrad-
enoma.

hydradenomes (hi-drad'-en-omz) [hydra-; aS-fjv,
gland]. A skin disease marked by the formation of
papules, varying in size from that of a pin-head to
that of a pea, without subjective symptoms. It is
attributed to adenoid epithelioma of the sweat-glands.

hydraemia (hi-dre' -me-ah) . See hydremia.

hydraeroperitoneum, hydraeroperitonia (hi-drah-
er-o-per-it-o-ne'-um, -o'-ne-ah) [hydra-; ar/p, air;
peritoneum]. A collection of gas and fluid in the
peritoneal cavity.

hydragogin (hi-drag'-oj-in). A diuretic and cardiac
tonic containing tincture of digitalis, tincture of
strophanthus, scillipicrin, scillitoxin, and oxysaponin.
Dose 10-15 rnin. (0.66-1.0 Cc).

hydragogue, hydragog (hi'-drag-og) [hydra-; aywySs,
leading]. 1. Expelling water. 2. A purgative that
causes copious liquid discharges.

hydramnios, hydramnion (hi-dram'-ne-os, -on)
[hydra-; apviov, fetal membrane]. An abnormal
amount of amniotic fluid.

hydrangea (hi-dran'-je-ah) [hydra-; ayyeiov, vessel].
A genus of saxifragaceous shrubs. The root of H.
arborescens contains hydrangin and is employed in
lithiasis.

hydrangeion (hi-dran'-je-on) [v5ap, water, lymph;
ayyeiov, vessel; pi., hydrangeia]. A lymphatic vessel.

hydrangeitis (hi-dran-je-i'-tis) [v8up, water ; ayyeiov,
a vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
lymphatic vessel; lymphangitis.

hydrangin (hi-dran'-jin). A crystalline glucoside
from the root of Hydrangea arborescens. It melts
at 2350 C. and by action of dilute acids decomposes
into glucose and a resin-like mass.

hydrangiography, hydrangeiography (hi-dran-ji-og'-
raf-e) [vSwp, water; ayyeiov, vessel; ypd<t>eiv, to
write]. A description of the lymphatic vessels,
their anatomy, nature, functions, diseases, etc.
Syn., angiohydrography.

hydrangiology (hi-dran-je-ol'-o-je) [v5up, water;
ayyeiov, vessel; X670S, science]. The science of the
nature, functions, and diseases of the lymphatics.

hydrangiotomy, hydrangeiotomy (hi-dran-je-ot'-o-
me) [vSup, water; ayyeiov, vessel; rkuveiv, to cut].
The dissection of the lymphatics.

hydrargyrate (hi-drar'-je-rat). Relating to mer-
cury'; containing mercury.

hydrargyria, hydrargyriasis, hydrargyrism (hi-drar~
ji'-re-ah, hi-drar-je-ri'-as-is, hi-drar' -je-rizm) . Chronic
mercurial poisoning. See mercurialism.

HYDRARGYRIC

436

HYDROCELE

hydrargyric (hi-drar'-je-rik). Relating to mercury;
mercuric.

hydrargyrol (hi-drar'-je-rol). Mercury paraphenyl-
thionate. h.-septol. See mercury quinoseptolate.

hydrargyromania (hi-dr ar-jir-o-ma'-ne-ah). In-
sanity due to the unwise use of mercury.

hydrargyrophobia (hi-dr ar-jir-o-fo'-be-ah). Morbid
dread of mercurial medicines.

hydrargyrophthalmia (hi-dr ar-jir-off-thal'-me-ah) .
Ophthalmia due to mercurial poisoning.

hydrargyrosis (hi-dr ar-ji-ro' -sis), i. See hydrar-
gyriasis. 2. Mercurial friction or fumigation.

hydrargyrum (hi-dr ar'-je-rum). See mercury.

hydrarsan (hi-dr ar'-san). A compound of phena-
cetin, mercuric chloride, arsenic chloride, and
potassium iodide; used in syphilis.

hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro'-sis) [hydra-; hpdpov, a
joint]. An accumulation of fluid in a joint.

hydrarthrus (hi-drar'-thrus). See hydrarthrosis.

hydrastine (hi-dr as' -ten) [hydrastis]. 1. An alkaloid
(hydrastina, U. S. P.) from the root of Hydrastis
canadensis. 2. A resinous extract from the root of
H. canadensis ; it is a cholagogue, laxative, alterative,
antiseptic, etc. h. hydrochloride, an astringent,
alterative, and hemostatic. Dose £-1 gr. (0.032-
0.065 Gm.) every two hours if needed. Application
as astringent 0.1 to 0.5 % solution; in skin diseases
1 % ointment; in chronic bronchitis 10-20 drops of a
solution of 15 gr. (1 Gm.) in 5 dr. (18 Cc.) of water
4 times daily.

hydrastinine (hi-dr as' -tin-en) [hydrastis]. An
artificial alkaloid, C11H13NO3, from hydrastine. It is
used as a hemostatic, vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimu-
lant, etc. h. hydrochloride (hydrastinince hydro-
chloridum, U. S. P.), C11H11NO2 . HCI+H2O, used
as a uterine hemostatic, emmenagogue, and vaso-
constrictor. Dose £-§ gr. (0.015-0.032 Gm.) 3 or 4
times daily; maximum daily dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.).
Injection, 8-16 min. (0.5-1.0 Cc.) of 10 % solution.

hydrastis {hi-dr as' -tis). Goldenseal, a plant of the
order Ranunculacece. The hydrastis of the U. S. P.
is the rhizome and roots of H. canadensis, which
contain the alkaloids hydrastine and berberine. It is
tonic, antiperiodic, cholagogue, and diuretic, and
has been employed in leukorrhea, cystitis, consti-
pation, menorrhagia, gonorrhea, dyspepsia, etc.
Dose of the hydrastine of commerce, an impure body,
5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.); of the alkaloid f-f gr.
(0.008-0.022 Gm.). h., fluidextract of {fiuidextr actum
hydrastis, U. S. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). h.,
glycerite of (glyceritum hydrastis, U. S. P.). Dose
§-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). h., tincture of (tinctura hydrastis,
U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

hydrastol (hi-dr as' -tol). A proprietary remedy
said to consist of liquid albolene and the active
ingredients of hydrastis and cinnamon oil.

hydrate (hi' -drat) [&3«p, water]. A compound
containing water in chemical combination.

hydrated (hi'-dra-ted) [see hydrate]. Chemically
combined with water.

hydration (hi-dr a' -shun) [see hydrate]. The pro-
cess of combining chemically with water, or of con-
verting into a hydrate.

hydraulics (hi-draw'-liks) [ySup, water; av\6s, a
pipe]. The science of liquids in motion.

hydrazine (hi'-draz-in) [hydra-; azotum, nitrogen].
1. H4N2. Diamine; a colorless, stable gas, soluble
in water, having a peculiar odor and a strong alkaline
reaction. 2. One of a class of bodies derived from
hydrazine by replacing one or more of its hydrogen
atoms by a radical.

hydrazones (hi'-draz-ons) [v8up, water; azotum,
nitrogen], Phenylhydrazones ; a group of chemical
bodies produced by the action of phenylhydrazine
upon carbonyl compounds. They are usually
crystalline compounds, insoluble in water. They are
yellow or brown in color, and almost invariably
decompose upon fusion.

hydrectasis (hi-dr ek' -las-is) [hydra-; iKraavs, a
stretching out]. Distention by water or by a watery
fluid.

hydremesis (hi-dr em' -es-is) [hydro-; lpe<ris, vomit-
ing]. The vomiting of a watery material.

hydremia (hi-dr e'-me-ah) [hydra-; alfia, blood]. A
watery condition of the blood.

hydrencephal (hi-dr en' -sef-al) [hydra-; lynk<j>ahcs,
brain]. A hydrocephalic brain.

hydrencephalitis (hi-dr en-sef-al-i' -tis) [hydra- ; iyick<f>-
oXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Inflammatory
hydrocephalus.

hydrencephalocele (hi-dr en-sef ' -al-o-sel) [hydra-;
iyKe<pa\os, brain; kt)\tj, hernia]. Hernia of the brain,
in which the tumor is in part composed of a watery
fluid.

hydrencephalus (hi-dr en-sef -al-us). See hydro-
cephalus.

hydrenterocele (hi-dr en-ter'-o-sel) [hydra-; Ivrtpov,
intestine; K17X7?, hernia]. Intestinal hernia, the sac
of which contains some extravasated fluid.

hydrenterorrhea (hi-dr en-ter-or-e' -ah) [hydra-; lv-
repov, intestine; pola, flow]. A watery diarrhea.

hydrepigastrium (hi-dr ep-e-gas'-tre-um) [hydra- ;
epigastrium]. A collection of fluid between the
abdominal muscles and the peritoneum.

hydriatics (hi-dre-at'-iks). See hydrotherapeutics.

hydriatric (hi-dr e-at'-rik) [hydra-; larpos, physi-
cian]. Relating to the treatment of disease with
water.

hydriatry (hi'-dre-at-re). See hydrotherapeutics.

hydric (hi'-drik). Containing water.

hydride (hi'-drid). A chemical compound con-
taining hydrogen united to an element or radical.

hydriodate (hi-dri'-o-dat). A compound of hydri-
odic acid with an element or radical.

hydriodic (hi-dre-od'-ik) [hydra-; iodine]. Con-
taining hydrogen and iodine, h. acid, HI, a heavy,
colorless gas, with a suffocating odor and an acid reac-
tion, h. acid, syrup of (syrupus acidi hydriodici,
U. S. P.), contains 1 % by weight of absolute HI.
Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). It is used as an alterative
in scrofula, rickets, etc.

hydro- (hi'-dro-) [iiSup, water]. A prefix sig-
nifying water, or that water forms a structural part;
also denoting hydrogen.

hydro (hi'-dro) [v8up, water]. A hydropathic
establishment.

hydroa (hi-dr o' -ah) [hydro-; <?6v, egg]. A chronic
inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by
erythema, papules, pustules, vesicles, bullae, or com-
binations of these, and by intense itching. Syn.,
dermatitis herpetiformis ; pemphigus pruriginosus.

hydroabdomen (hi-dr o-ab-do' -men). See ascites.

hydroadenitis (hi-dr o-ad-en-i' -tis). See hydradeni-
tis.

hydroadipsia (hi-dro-ad-ip'-se-ah) [hydro-; &, priv.;
bipa, thirst]. Absence of thirst, or of desire for
water.

hydroaeric (hi-dro-a-er'-ik) [hydro-; &17P, air].
Applied in auscultation to the sound given by cavities
filled with air and water.

hydroappendix (hi-dro-ap-en'-diks). The dilatation
of the vermiform appendix with a watery fluid.

hydroargentic (hi-dro-ar-jen'-tik) [hydro-; argen-
tum, silver J. Containing hydrogen and silver.

hydrobilirubin (hi-dro-bil-e-ru' -bin) [hydro-; bili-
rubin], C32HMN4O7. A 'brown-red pigment formed by
treating a solution of bilirubin with sodium amalgam.
It is probably identical with stercobilin, the coloring-
matter of the feces, and urobilin, the pigment of the
urine'.

hydrobiosis (hi-dr o-bi-o' -sis) [hydro- ; /3tos, life].
In biology, the origin and maintenance of life in
fluid media.

hydrobromate (hi-dr o-bro' -mat) [hydro-; /3pa>p.os, a
stench]. A salt of hydrobromic acid.

hydrobromic (hi-dro-bro'-mik) [see hydrobromate].
Composed of hydrogen and bromin. h. acid. See
acid, hydrobromic. h. ether. See ethyl bromide.

hydrobromide, hydrobromid (hi-dro-bro'-mid).
Same as hydrobromate.

hydrocarbon (hi-dr o-kar'-bon) [hydro-; carbo, char-
coal]. Any compound composed only of hydrogen
and carbon, h., satisfied, one that has no free val-
ences, h., saturated, one that has the maximum
number of hydrogen atoms.

hydrocarbonism (hi-dro-kar'-fyn-izm). Poisonmg
with hydrocarbons, principally observed among
miners and workers in petroleum refineries and in
those who have used petroleum internally. It is
marked by dizziness, cyanosis, loss of consciousness,
anesthesia, convulsions, loss of reflexes, weakness
of pulse and of breathing.

hydrocardia (hi-dr o-kar'-de-ah). See hydropert-
cardium.

hydrocele (hi'-dro-sel) [hydro-; ktiXv, tumor]. A
collection of serous fluid about the testicle or sper-
matic cord. The term is also applied to serous
tumors in other locations, h. colli. See Maunoir's
hydrocele, h. hernialis, a collection of fluid in a
hernial sac due to obstruction of its neck.

HYDROCELIA

437

HYDROGEN

hydrocelia (hi-dro-se'-le-ah) [hydro-; kolXLo., belly].
Dropsy of the belly or abdominal region.

hydrocelodes (hi-dro-sel-o'-dez) [hydro-; K17X77,
tumor; eUos, form]. A tumor resembling hydro-
cele, but due to an extravasation of urine.

hydrocenosis (hi-dro-sen-o'-sis) ■ [hydro-; k&oxtis,
evacuation] An evacuation of water either by the
use of hydragogue cathartics or by the operation of
"tapping" the cavity containing the accumulation
of fluid. See paracentesis.

hydrocenotic (Jhi-dro-sen-ot'-ik) [hydro-; Kkvuais,
evacuation]. Relating to or causing hydrocenosis.

hydrocephalic (hi-dro-sef-al'-ik) [see hydrocephalus].
Pertaining to or affected with hydrocephalus.
h. cry, the loud cry of a child, indicating pain in the
head.

hydrocephalocele (hi-dro-sef'-al-o-sel). See hydren-
cephalocele.

hydrocephaloid (hi-dro-sef'-al-oid) [hydrocephalus;
eldos, like]. i. Pertaining to or resembling hydro-
cephalus. 2. Marshall Hall's disease; a disease of
infants resembling hydrocephalus. It is a condition
of nervous exhaustion generally consequent on pro-
longed illness or premature weaning. It is sometimes
observed in poorly nourished infants just after
weaning. The pulse is irregular, the fontanelles
depressed, and there is little tendency to vomiting.

hydrocephalus (hi-dro-sef '-al-us) [hydro-; K&t>a\ij,
head]. A collection of fluid in the cerebral ventricles
(internal hydrocephalus) or outside the brain-sub-
stance (external hydrocephalus). The symptoms are
progressive enlargement of the head, bulging of the
fontanels, prominent forehead, thinness of hair and
scalp, distention of the superficial veins, mental
impairment, muscular weakness, convulsions. Acute
external hydrocephalus is due to inflammation of the
meninges, usually tuberculous; acute internal hydro-
cephalus is caused by ependymitis; chronic hydro-
cephalus may be congenital or acquired.

hydrochezia (hi-dro-ke'-ze-ah) [hydro-; xQetv, to
defecate]. Watery or serous diarrhea.

hydrochinone (hi-dro-kin'-on). See hydroauinone.

hydrochinonuria (hi-dro-kin-on-u'-re-ah) [hydro-
auinone; ovpov, urine]. The presence in the urine
of hydroquinone due to ingestion of salol, resorcin,
etc.

hydrochlorate (hi-dro-klo'-rat). Any salt of hydro-
chloric acid.

hydrochloric acid (hi-dro-klo'-rik). See acid, hydro-
chloric, h. acid in contents of stomach. See Boas,
Ewald, Guenzburg, Herzberg, v. Jaksch, Luttke, Maly,
Mohr, Rabuteau, Reoch, Sjoeqvist, Szabo, Uffelmann,
v. d. Velden, Winkler, Witz. h. acid test for formalde-
hyde in milk, heat in a test-tube i Cc. of milk with
4 Cc. of strong hydrochloric acid containing a trace
of ferric chloride. In the presence of formaldehyde
a purple color appears, varying from a delicate tint
to a deep violet. If a yellow color appears, repeat
the test, using milk that has been diluted, i to io,
with water.

hydrochloric ether. See ethyl chloride.

hydrochloride, hydro chlorid (hi-dro-klo'-rid). Same
as hydrochlorate.

hydrocholecystis (hi-dro-ko-le-sis'-tis) [hydro-; x°Xi7.
bile; kvStis, bladder]. Dropsy of the gall-bladder.

hydrocinnamic acid (hi-dro-sin-am'-ik). See acid.

hydrocirsocele (hi-dro-sir'-so-sel) [hydro-; Kipaos,
venous enlargement; k^Atj, tumor]. Hydrocele
accompanied with varicose veins of the spermatic
cord.

hydrocollidine (hi-dro-koV -id-en) [hydro-; KoWa,
glue], C8H13N. A highly poisonous ptomaine
obtained from putrefying mackerel, horse-flesh,
and ox-flesh, and said to be identical with one
obtained from nicotine.

hydrocolpocele (hi-dro-kol'-po-sel) [hydro-; koK-kos..
vagina; K17X77, tumor]. A serous tumor of the
vagina.

hydrocolpos (hi-dro-kol'-pos) [hydro-; koXttos,
vagina]. A vaginal retention-cyst containing a
watery fluid.

hydroconion, hydrokonion (hi-dro-ko'-ne-on) [hy-
dro-; Koviev, to fill with dust]. An atomizer; a
spraying apparatus.

hydro cotarnine (hi-dro-ko-tar'-nen) [hydro-; cotar-
nine], C12H15NO3+5H2O. A crystalline alkaloid
occurring in small amount in opium. It melts at
50° C, and is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and
chloroform.

hydrocotoine (hid-ro-ko'-to-en) [hydro-; Sp., coto,
a cubit], Q5H14O4. An alkaloid of coto-bark, oc-
curring in yellowish crystals without taste.

Hydrocotyle (hi-dro-kot'-il-e) [hydro-; kotuXjj, a
cup]. Pennywort; a genus of umbelliferous herbs.
The leaves of H. asiatica serve as a bitter tonic and
alterative, and are very serviceable in skin-diseases,
syphilitic sores, and leprosy. H. centella, of S.
Africa, H. umbellata, of America, and H. vulgaris,
of Europe, have been employed in medicine, but
their properties are little known. H. bonariasis, of
S. America, is diuretic.

hydrocrania (hid-ro-kra'-ne-ah). Same as hydro-
cephalus.

hydrocyanic (hi-dro-se-an'-ik). See cyanogen, and
acid, hydrocyanic.

hydrocyanism (hi-dro-si'-an-izm). Poisoning with
hydrocyanic acid; in acute cases marked by loss of
consciousness and a sudden fall, generally by cramp,
cyanosis, and paralysis.

hydrocyst (hi'-dro-sist) [hydro-; kv<ttis, bladder].
A cyst containing a water-like liquid. Sometimes
it is synonymous with hydatid.

hydrocystoma (hi-dro-sis-to'-mah). See hidro-
cystoma.

hydroderma (hi-dro-der'-mah) [hydro-; dip/xa, skin].
Dropsy of the skin.

hydrodiarrhea (hi-dro-di-ar-e'-ah) [hydro-; diar-
rhea]. Serious diarrhea.

hydrodiascope (hi-dro-di'-as-kop) [hydro-; Sia,
through; aKowelv, to view]. A device, shaped like a
pair of spectacles, consisting of two chambers filled
with physiological salt solution, worn to correct kera-
toconus and astigmatism.

hydrodictyotomy (hi-dro-dik-te-ot'-o-me) [hydro-;
Ukttvov, net; 7-0/417, section]. Surgical incision of the
retina for the relief of edema.

hydrodiffusion (hi-dro-dif-u'-shun). The physical
admixture of two fluids of different densities.

hydrodiuresis (hi-dro-di-u-re'-sis) [hydro-; dt&,
through; ovpeeiv, to urinate]. A copious flow of
watery urine.

hydrodynamics (hi-dro-di-nam'-iks) [hydro-; Svp-
aixis, power]. The branch of mechanics treating of
fluids in motion.

hydroelectric (hi-dro-e-lek'-trik) [hydro-; electric].
Pertaining to electricity developed in connection
with water, h. bath, a bath in which the metallic
lining of the tub is connected with one pole of a
battery, the other pole being in contact with the
person of the patient.

hydro electrization (hi-dro-e-lek-tri-za'-shun). Elec-
trization in which water is used as an electrode.

hydroencephalocele (hi-dro-en-sef-al'-o-sel). See
hydrencephalocele.

hydroenterocele (hi-dro-en-ter' -o-seV) . See hydren*
terocele.

hydroepigastrium. See hydrepigastrium.

hydroepiplocele (hi-dro-ep-ip'-lo-sel). An epiplo-
cele with water in the sac.

hydroexostosis (hi-dro-eks-os-to'-sis). An exostosis
accompanied by an accumulation of water.

hydroferrocyanate, hydroferrocyanide (hi-dro-fer-
o-si'-an-at, -Id). A compound of hydroferrocyanic
acid with a base.

hydrofluoric acid (hi-dro-fiu-or'-ik). See acid,
hydrofluoric, and fluorine.

hydrofluosilicate (hi-dro-flu-o-sil'-ik-at). A salt of
hydrofluosilicic acid.

hydrogalvanic (hi-dro-gal-van'-ik). Relating to
galvanism developed by action of fluids.

hydrogaster (hi-dro-gas'-tur) [hydro-; yaar-qp,
stomach]. Ascites.

hydrogastria (hi-dro-gas'-tre-ah). A gastric dis-
order from fluid due to constriction of the esophageal
and pyloric orifices.

hydrogel (hi'-dro-jeT), An aqueous colloidal
solution in the gelatinized state.

hydrogen (hi'-dro-jen) [hydro-; yewav, to produce].
Symbol H; atomic weight 1.008; quantivalence I.
A gaseous element, feebly basic, and occurring in
nature in greatest abundance combined with oxygen
in the form of water, H2O. It is present in nearly
all organic compounds, and is a constant constituent
of acids, h. acid. See hydracid. h. dioxide, h.
peroxide, H2O2, an unstable liquid which readily
yields up an atom of oxygen/ and hence is a powerful
oxidizer. It is strongly antiseptic. The solution,
aqua hydrogenii dioxidi (U. S. P.), contains 3 % of
pure H2O2. It is useful as an antiseptic application

HYDROGENATION

438

HYDROPATHIC

to inflamed mucous membranes in diphtheria, scar-
latina, gonorrhea, etc., and as a cleansing agent of
suppurating cavities. See also Wurster's test for
hydrogen^ dioxide, h. monoxide, H2O, water, h.
persulphide, H2S2, a heavy, yellow oil, with a foul,
pungent odor and acrid taste, giving off irritating
vapors. It bleaches organic coloring-matters and
is a powerful antiseptic.

hydrogenation (hi-dro-jen-a'-shun). The process of
causing a combination with hydrogen.

hydrogenesis {hi-dro-jen'-es-is) [hydro-; yewav, to
produce: pi., hydrogeneses]. 1. The collection or
formation of a watery fluid. 2. Any disease in
which there is a predominance or degeneration of
mucous secretion, fat, bile, or milk.

hydrogenoid (hi-droj'-en-oid) [hydro-; yewav, to
produce; elSos, likeness]. Applied to a constitution
or temperament intolerant of moisture.

hydrogenous (hi-droj'-en-us). Relating to hydro-
gen.

hydrogerous (hi-droj'-ur-us) [hydro-; gerere, to
bear]. Containing or bearing water.

hydroglossa (hi-dro-glos'-sah) [hydro-; yXuaara,
tongue]. Ranula.

hydrogol (hi'-dro-gol). A proprietary preparation
said to be an aqueous solution of colloidal silver. It
is used in gonorrhea.

hydrohematocele (hi-dro-hem'-at-o-sel) [hydro- ;
oi/jo, blood; KJ7X77, tumor]. Hematocele associated
with hydrocele.

hydrohemia Qii-dro-hem'-e-ah) . Same as hydremia.

hydrohemostat (hi-dro-hem'-o-stat) [hydro-; alpa,
blood; araros, stopped]. A device for stopping
hemorrhage by means of hydrostatic pressure.

hydrohemothorax (hi-dro-hem-o-jho'-raks) [hydro- ;
alpa, blood; 0wpa£, thorax]. An effusion of hemor-
rhagic fluid into the pleural cavity.

hydrohymenitis (hi-dro-hi-men-i'-tis) [hydro-; bfifiv,
membrane; ins, inflammation]. Any inflammation
of a serous membrane or surface.

hydrohystera (hi-dro-his'-ter-ah). See hydrometra.

hydroid {hi'-droid) [hydro-; eUos, form]. 1. Like
water. 2. Living in water.

hydrokinetics (hi-dro-kin-et'-iks) [hydro-; Kiveiv,
to set in motion]. The science of the motions of
fluids and the causative forces.

hydrolactometer (hi-dro-lak-tom'-et-er) [hydro-; lac,
milk; p.krpov, measure]. An instrument used in
estimating the percentage of water in any given
sample of milk.

hydrolatum Qii-dro-la' -turn) [hydro-; gen., hydrolati;
pi., hydrolata]. A medicated water.

hydrolein (hi-dro'-le-in) [hydro-; oleum, oil]. A
proprietary emulsion of cod-liver oil with pancreatin
and borax.

hydrology (hi-droV-o-je) [hydro-; \6yos, science].
A treatise on the nature and uses of water.

hydrolymph (hi'-dro-limf) [hydro-; lympha, water].
A term applied to the blood of certain animals which
is composed largely of the salt or fresh water in
which they live, and containing a small amount of
corpuscular elements.

hydrolysis (hi-drol'-is-is) [hydro-; \veiv, to loose].
The decomposition of water.

hydrolyst (hi'-dro-list) [hydro-; Xwns, dissolving].
A substance that, like sulphuric acid, diastase,
emulsin, etc., induces hydrolysis; an hydrolytic
agent.

hydrolyte (hi'-dro-lit) [hydro-; Xwns, dissolving].
The substance hydrolyzed.

hydrolytic {hi-dro-lit'-ik) [see hydrolysis]. Per-
taining to the decomposition of water or the liberation
of water during a chemical reaction, h. ferments,
those causing a combination with the elements of
water in the substances which they decompose.

hydrolyze (hi-dro-liz). To subject to hydrolysis.

hydroma (Jti-dro'-mah) [hydro-; 6pa, a tumor:
pi., hydromata]. A tumor containing water. A cyst
or sac filled with water or serous fluid. Also, an
edematous swelling. Also, the cystic dilatation of
a lymphatic vessel of the neck

hydromania (hi-dro-ma'-ne-ah) [hydro-; pavia,
madness]. 1. Intense or maddening thirst. 2.
Mania with desire for suicide by drowning.

hydromediastinum {hi-dro-med-e-as-W -num) [hy-
dro-; mediastinum]. A serous effusion into the
mediastinum.

hydromel Qii'-dro-mel) [hydro-; pk\i, honey]. A
mixture of honey and water with or without a
medicinal substance.

hydromeningitis Qii-dro-men-in-ji'-tis) [hydro-;
fiiji>iy£, a membrane; ins, inflammation]. 1. Inflam-
mation of the membranes of the brain or cord,
accompanied by effusion of serous fluid. 2. In-
flammation of the membrane of Descemet.

hydromeningocele Qii-dro-men-in'-go-sel) [hydro-;
mviy%, a membrane; k.t\\t\, a tumor], 1. A cystic
tumor of the meninges protruding through the skull.
2. A form of spina bifida in which the sac contains
cerebrospinal fluid.

hydromeninx Qii-dro-men'-inks) [hydro-; nijvi.y£, a
membrane]. Dropsy of the membranes of the brain.

hydrometer (hi-drom'-et-er) [hydro-; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the specific
gravity of liquids.

hydrometra (hi-dro-me'-trah) [hydro-; p-qrpa, the
womb]. A collection of watery fluid in the uterus.

hydrometrectasia (hi-dro-me-trak-ta'-ze-ah) [hydro- ;
unrpa, womb; e/o-ao-is, a stretching out]. Hydro-
metra causing distention of the uterus.

hydromicrenocephalia, hydromicrencephaly (hi-
dro-mi-kren-sef-a'-le-ah, hi-dro-mi-kren-sef'-al-e) [hy-
dro-; niicpos, small; ice<pa\ri, the head]. Micren-
cephaly leading to, or complicated by, a serous
effusion within the cranial cavity.

hydromphalocele (hi-drom-fal'-o-sel) [hydro-; bp-
<pd\6s, navel; /07X77, hernia]. Cystic tumor in the sac
of an umbilical hernia.

hydromphalus (hi-drom'-fal-us) [hydro-; bp<pa\bsr
navel]. A tumor at the navel, distended with
water.

hydromyelia, hydromyelus (hi-dro-mi-e'-le-ah, hi-
dro-mi' -el-us) [hydro-; pveXbs, marrow]. Dilatation
of the central canal of the spinal cord with an accumu-
lation of fluid.

hydromyelitis {hi-dro-mi-el-i'-tis) [hydro-; pveKbs,
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Same as hydrorrhachis
interna.

hydromyelocele {hi-dro-mi' -el-o-sel) [hydro-; pve\bs,
marrow; KoiXia, cavity]. 1. Excessive accumulation
of fluid in the central canal of the spinal cord. 2. A
variety of spina bifida in which remains of the
spinal cord cover the tumor.

hydromyoma (hi-dro-mi-o'-mah) [hydro-; myoma].
A cystic myoma containing serous fluid.

hydromyringa, hydromyrinx (hi-dro-mir-in'-gah>
hi-dro-mi' -rinks) [hydro-; myrinx, the tympanic
membrane], 1. The distention of the membrana
tympani with water effused within its substance.
2. Less correctly, the same as hydrotympanum.

hydronal (hi'-dro-nal). A preparation obtained
by the action of chloral on pyridin; it is used as a
hypnotic. Also called viferral.

hydronaphthol (hi-dro-naf'-thol) [hydro-; naphthoic
A substance, derived from naphthol, and used as an
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 3-4 SX- (0.2-0.26 Gm.).

hydroncus (hi-drong'-kus) [hydro-; oyicos, mass].
A distention or swelling caused by an accumulation
of water. See, also, edema and anasarca.

hydrone {hi'-dron) [hydro-]. Armstrong's term
for H2O, the molecule of water.

hydronephrectasia {hi-dro-nef-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [hydro-;
ve<f>p6s, a kidney; eKrao- is, distention]. Dropsical
enlargement of the kidney.

hydronephros (hi-dro-nef'-ros) [hydro-; ve<f>pos,
kidney]. A dropsical kidney. Syn., hydronephrec-
tasia.

hydronephrosis {hi-dro-nef-ro'-sis) [see hydroneph-
ros]. A collection of urine in the pelvis of the
kidney from obstructed outflow. The pressure of the
fluid causes in time atrophy of the kidney-structure,
and the whole organ is converted into a large cyst.

hydronephrotic (hi-dro-nef-rot'-ik) [hydronephrosis].
Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of,
hydronephrosis .

hydronosos (hi-dron-o'-sus) [hydro-; voaos, disease].
A disease attended with dropsy.

hydro-oligocythemia (hi-dro-ol-ig-o-si-the'-me-ah)
[hydro-; 6X170$, few; ki>tos, cell; alpa, blood]. A
form of secondary anemia in which there is an
increase in the proportion of the serum to the cor-
puscles of the blood.

hydroparasalpinx (hi-dro-par-ah-sal' -pinks) [hydro-;
■jrapa, beside; a&Xinyi, tube]. An accumulation of
water in the accessory tubes of the oviduct.

hydroparesis {hi-dro-par'-es-is) [hydro-; 7r<ipe<ns,
paralysis]. A paretic affection characterized by
watery effusions, such as are seen in beriberi.

hydropathic (hi-dro-path'-ik). Pertaining to hydro-
pathy.

HYDROPATHY

439

HYDROSCOPY

hydropathy (hi-dr op' -ath-e) [hydro-; iraBcs, disease].
The treatment of diseases by the use of water,
externally and internally.

hydropedesis (hi-dro-ped-e'-sis) . See hidropedesis.

hydropericarditis (hi-dr o-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [hydro-;
pericarditis]. Pericarditis accompanied by serous
effusion into the pericardium.

hydropericardium (hi-dro-per-ik-ar'-de-um) [hydro-;
pericardium]. A collection of serum within the
pericardial cavity.

hydroperididymia (hi-dr o-per-e-did-im'-e-ah) [hy-
dro-; vepi, around; SlSvpos, testicle]. Hydrocele.

hydroperion (hi-dro-per'-e-on) [hydro-; irepi,
around; ubv, egg]. A seroalbuminous liquid existing
between the decidua vera and the decidua reflexa
and believed to nourish the embryo at an early
period.

hydroperipneumonia (hi-dro-per-e-nu-mo'-ne-ah)
[hydro-; irepl, around; irvtvfxuv, a lung]. Pneumonia
with pleural effusion.

hydroperitoneum (hi-dro-per-it-on-e'-um) [hydro- ;
peritoneum]. Ascites.

hydroperitonitis (hi-dr o-per-it-on-i'-tis). Periton-
itis attended with watery effusion.

hydrophallus (hi-dro-fal'-us) [hydro-; 4>a\\6s,
penis]. A dropsical swelling of the penis.

hydrophilism (hi-dr off '-il-izm) [hydro-; <f>i\eiv, to
love]. The property of colloids, cells, tissues, etc.,
to attract and hold water.

hydrophilous {hi-droff'-il-us) [hydro-; <pl\os, lov-
ing], i. In biology, applied to plants that are
fertilized through the agency of water. 2. Ab-
sorbing water.

hydrophlegrnasia (hi-dro-fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [hydro- ;
fkeyfxaaia, inflammation]. Any phlegmasia or
inflammation characterized by serous effusion.

hydrophlogosis {hi-dro-flo-go'-sis) [hydro-; <£X6-y&><ns,
a burning]. Inflammation attended with serous
effusion.

hydrophobe (hi'-dro-fob) [hydro-; 06/Sos, fear].
A person who is affected with rabies.

hydrophobia (hi-dr o-fo'-be-ah) [hydro-; <j>6pos, fear].
1. Fear of water; a symptom of rabies, q. v. 2. Used
as a synonym of rabies.

hydrophobic (hi-dro-fo'-bik). Pertaining to, or of
the nature of, hydrophobia, h. tetanus. See tetanus,
hydrophobic.

hydrophobin (hi-dr o-fo' -bin). The virus of hydro-
phobia; same as lyssin.

hydrophobophobia (hi-dr o-fo-bo-fo'-be-ah) [hydro-
phobia; 4>60os, fear]. An intense dread of hydro-
phobia; a condition producing a state simulating true
hydrophobia.

hydrophone (hi'-dro-fon) [hydro-; (pwvfj, the voice].
An instrument used in auscultatory percussion, the
sound being conveyed to the ear through a column
of water.

hydrophore (di'-dro-for) [hydro-; fykptiv, to bear].
An apparatus consisting of a short grooved catheter
used as an irrigating dilator of the urethra.

hydrophthalrnia (hi-drof-thal'-me-ah) [hydro-; 6<pda\-
nos, eye]. An increase in the fluid contents of the
eye, causing the organ to become distended, resulting
in glaucoma, keratoglobus, staphyloma, etc.

hydrophthlamos (hi-dr off-thai' -mos). See kerato-
globus.

hydrophyr (hi'-dro-fer) [hydro-]. A variety of
peptone insoluble in alcohol.

hydrophysocele (hi-dro-fi'-zo-sel) [hydro-; 4>vaa, air;
K77X77, tumor]. Hernia containing both serous fluid
and a gas.

hydrophysometra (hi-dro-fi-zo-me'-trah) [hydro-;
<f>v<ra, wind; p.i]rpa, womb]. An abnormal collection
of water, or other fluid, and gas, in the womb.

hydropic (hi-drop'-ik) [hydrops]. Pertaining to
dropsy; dropsical.

hydropica (hi-dr op' -ik-ah) [vSponriKos, dropsical].
Medicines useful in dropsy; especially diuretic
remedies.

hydroplasm (hi'-dro-plazm) [hydro-; plasm]. A
fluid constituent of protoplasm, or of any plasma.

hydropleuritis (hi-dro-plu-ri'-tis). Pleurisy at-
tended with effusion.

hydropneumatic (hi-dr o-nil-mat'-ik) [hydro-; irvtvua,
air]. Relating to water and air.

hydropneumatosis (hi-dr o-nu-mat-o' -sis) [hydro- ;
■jTvevnaTuais, inflation]. A collection of fluid and
air or other gas within the tissues.

hydropneumonia (hi-dro-nu-mo'-ne-ah) [hydro-;
■Kvtvp.oiv, the lung]. A disease thought to consist

of a serous infiltration into the lung; pulmonary
edema; also, an effusion within the pleura sometimes
accompanying pneumonia.

hydropneumopericardium (hi-dro-nu-mo-per-ik-ar'-
de-um) [hydro-; wvevp,a, air; pericardium]. A col-
lection of serum and air or other gas within the peri-
cardium.

hydropneumothorax (hi-dr o-nu-mo-tho'-raks) [hy-
dro-; irvevtia, air; d&paZ, thorax]. The presence of
serous fluid and air or gas in the pleural cavity.

hydropoid (hi'-dro-poid) [vdpw\{/, dropsy; eI5os,
likeness]. Dropsical.

hydroposia (hi-dr o-po'-ze-ah) [\>8u>p, water; vocns,
a drinking]. Water drinking; the use of water alone
as a beverage.

hydropotherapy (hi-dro-po-ther'-ap-e) [\18poi\p, drop-
sy; depaireia, therapy]. The therapeutic use of
ascitic fluid.

hydrops (hi' -drops) [ZSpu^, dropsy]. Dropsy.
h. articuli, a watery effusion into the synovial cavity
of a joint, h. capitis, hydrocephalus, q. v. h. cys-
tidis felleae, dropsy of the gall-bladder, h. ex
vacuo, a condition following inflammation, in which
the lung is unable to expand and the space between
the contracted lung and the chest-wall is filled with
fluid, h. tubae profiuens, hydrosalpinx in which
the watery discharges are said to occur from the
uterus and vagina, in gushes, the uterine end of the
tube from time to time allowing passage of the fluid.
h. vesicae felleae, dropsy of the gall-bladder.

hydropyonephrosis (hi-dr o-pi-o-nef-ro' -sis) [hydro-;
irvov, pus; ve<l>p6s, kidney]. Distention of the pelvis
of the kidney with urine and pus.

hydropyopneumothorax (hi-dro-pi-o-nu-mo-tho'-
raks) [hydro-; irvov, pus; w&ifia, air; d&pa%, chest].
Hydropneumothorax, associated with the presence
of pus.

hydropyosalpinx (hi-dro-pi-o-sal'-pingks) [hydro-;
irvov, pus; crdXxi7£, tube]. An accumulation of
serous fluid and pus in an oviduct.

hydropyretic (hi-dr o-pi-ret'-ik) [hydro-; irvperds,
heat]. Pertaining to, or affected with, hydro-
pyretos.

hydropyretos (hi-dro-pir'-et-os) [hydro-; miperos,
heat]. Sweating fever.

hydroquinine (hi-dro-kwin'-en) [hydro-; quinine],
C20H26N2O2. An alkaloid obtained from cinchona,
and frequently contaminating quinine.

hydroquinone (hi-dro-kwin'-on), C6H6O2. An
isomer of resorcinol and pyrocatechin, found in
arbutin, and also obtained from quinine and quinone,
etc. It is antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose 15-20
gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.). See Uva ursi.

hydrorenal (hi-dr o-re'-nal) [hydro-; ren, kidney].
Relating to dropsy of the kidney.

hydrorheostat (hi-dro-re'-o-stat). A rheostat in
which the resistance is furnished by water.

hydrorrhachiocentesis (hi-dror-rak-e-o-sen-te'-sis)
[hydro-; pkxis, spine; KevTt)<ns, puncture]. Puncture
of the spinal meninges in the treatment of hydror-
rhachis.

hydrorrhachis (hi-dr or' -ak-is) [hydro-; pdxts. spine].
A serous effusion within the spinal canal, h. interna,
syringomyelia, q. v.

hydrorrhachitis , (hi-dr or-rak-i' -Us) [hydro-; pax*,
spine; itls, inflammation]. Hydrorrhachis with
inflammation. See spina bifida.

hydrorrhea (hi-dr o-re' -ah) [hydro-; pola, a flow].
A flow of watery liquid, hydrorrhoea gravidarum,
a discharge, from the pregnant uterus, of thin mucus
that accumulates as a result of excessive secretion of
the uterine glands.

hydrosadenitis (hi-dr os-ad-en-i' -lis) [hydro-; adr/v,
gland; ins, inflammation]. See hidrosadenitis. h.
phlegmonosa, a furunculus beginning in a sweat-
coil. It is also called hydradenitis destruens sup-
purativa, acnitis, and folliculitis exulcerans.

hydrosalpinx (hi-dr o-sal' -pinks) [hydro-; aa\in.y£,
trumpet]. A distention of the Fallopian tube with
fluid.

hydrosarca (hi-dr o-sar'-kah). See anasarca.

hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar'-ko-sel) [hydro-; aap%,
flesh; K17X77, hernia]. Sarcocele with hydrocele.

hydroscheocele (hi-dros'-ke-o-sel) [hydro-; ocrx^ov,
scrotum; /07X77, a tumor]. Dropsical hernia of the
scrotum.

hydroscopy (hi-dros' -ko-pe) [hydro-; oko-kHv, to
examine]. The investigation of water or watery
fluids.

HYDROSOL

440

HYGROPHANOUS

hydrosol (hi'-dro-sol). An aqueous colloidal
solution.

hydrosoma (hi-dro-so'-mah) [hydro-; o-wpa, body:
pi., hydrosomata]. In biology, the entire double-
walled body of a hydrozoon.

hydrospermatocyst (hi-dro-sper'-mat-o-sisf) [hydro-;
oirkpua, seed; Kvans, cyst]. A hydrocele whose
fluid contains spermatozoa.

hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sfig'-mo-graf) [hydro-;
o-<pvyp.6s, pulse; ypkfw, to write]. A sphygmo-
graphic apparatus, in which the registering device
is actuated by the fluctuations of a body of water.

hydrospirometer (hi-dro-spi-rom'-et-er). A spiro-
meter in which a column of water acts as an index.

hydrostat (hi'-dro-stat) [hydro-; ararbs, standing].
An apparatus for preventing the spilling of the
fluid of electric batteries during transportation.

hydrostatic (hi-dro-stat'-ik) [see hydrostat]. Relat-
ing to hydrostatics, h. exploration, M. See's method
of diagnosing pelvic disease by palpation of the
abdomen while the patient is extended in a bath
covering its surface, h. test, a test for live birth in
which the fetal lungs are floated upon water.

hydrostatics (hi-dro-stat'-iks) [see hydrostat]. The
science treating of the properties of liquids in a state
of equilibrium.

hydrostomia (hi-dro-sto'-me-ah) [hydro-; arbp.a,
mouth]. Excessive excretion of water from the
mouth.

hydrosudopathy (hi-dro-sii-dop'-ath-e) [hydro-;
sudor, sweat; iraBos, disease]. The treatment of
disease by sweating and the use of water internally
or externally, or both.

hydrosulphuric acid (hi-dro-sul-fu'-rik). See acid,
hydrosulphuric.

hydrosyntasis (hi-dro-sin' -las-is) [hydro-]. The
swelling of tissues, membranes, or protoplasm, etc.,
by the penetration of water.

hydrosyringomyelia (hi-dro-sir-in-go-mi-e'-le-ah)
[hydro-; o~vpiyt-, tube; pveXos, marrow]. Dilatation of
the central canal of the spinal cord by watery effusion,
attended with degeneration and the formation of
cavities.

hydrotaxis (hi-dro-taks'-is) [hydro-; r&fis, arrange-
ment]. The determination of the direction of move-
ment by moisture. Cf. hydrotropism.

hydrotherapeutics (hi-dro-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [hydro-;
Bepairebeiv, to heal]. The treatment of disease by
means of water, or the use of water in the treatment
of disease.

hydrotherapy (hi-dro-ther'-ap-e). See hydrothera-
peutics.

hydrothermal (hi-dro-ther'-mal) [hydro-; Okpp.t),
heat]. Pertaining to warm water; said of springs.

hydrothermostat (hi-dro-ther'-mo-stat) [hydro- ;
thermostat]. An apparatus for providing a con-
tinuous degree of heat for therapeutic purposes.

hydro thion (hi-dro-thi'-on) [hydro-; 6eiov, sulphur].
Hydrogen sulphide.

hydrothionammonemia (hi-dro-thi-on-am-o-ne'-me-
ah) [hydro-; deiov, sulphur; ammonia; alfia, blood].
The condition produced by the presence of am-
monium sulphide in the blood.

hydrothionemia (hi-dro-thi-on-e'-me-ah) [hydro-;
BeZov, sulphur; alpta, blood]. The condition pro-
duced by the presence of hydrogen sulphide in the
blood.

hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-on-u'-re-ah) [hydro-;
6elov, sulphur; ovpov, urine]. The presence of
hydrogen sulphide in the urine.

hydrothoracic (hi-dro-tho-ras'-ik) [hydro-; thorax].
Pertaining to hydrothorax.

hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho'-raks) [hydro-; B&paZ,
chest]. The presence of serous fluid in the pleural
cavity, due to a passive effusion, as in cardiac, renal,
and other diseases.

hydrotimeter (hi-dro-tim'-et-er) [hydro-; p.krpov,
measure]. An apparatus to determine the amount of
calcareous salts in water by means of soap.

hydrotis (hi-dro'-tis) [hydro-; fos, ear]. Dropsy of ,
or effusion into, the ear.

hydrotomy (hi-drot'-o-me) [hydro-; rkfiveiv, to cut].
A method of dissecting tissues by the forcible in-
jection of water into the arteries and capillaries,
whereby the structures are separated.

hydrotropism (hi-drof '-ro-pizm) [hydro-; rpbiros, a
turn]. In biology, that state of a growing plant or
organ which causes it to turn either away from or
toward, moisture.

hydrotympanum (hi-dro-tim'-pan-um) [hydro- ; tym-
panum, the ear-drum]. Dropsical effusion into the
cavity of the middle ear.

hydroureter (hi-dro-u'-re-ter) . Dropsy of the ureter,
hydrovarium (hi-dro-va'-re-um) [hydro-; ovarium,
ovary]. Ovarian dropsy, or cystoma.

hydroxide (hi-droks'-ld) [hydro-; 8£vs, sharp]. A
metallic or basic radical combined with one or
more hydroxyl groups. Hydroxides may be re-
garded as formed from water (HOH) by the sub-
stitution for one of its hydrogen atoms of a metal
or basic radical.

hydroxyl (hi-droks'-il) [see hydroxide]. The uni-
valent radical, OH, the combination of which with
basic elements or radicals forms the hydroxide.

hydroxylamine (Jii-droks-il'-am-in) [hydroxide;
amine], NH2OH. A basic substance, known only in
solution in water or in combination with acids. Its
hydrochloride has been used as a substitute for
chrysarobin in skin diseases.

hydrozone (hi'-dro-zon) [hydro-; ozone]. An aque-
ous solution of chemically pure hydrogen dioxide;
it is used as a bactericide and healing agent.

hydruresis (hi-dru-re'-sis) [hydro-; ovpov, urine].
The passage of a relatively large proportion of water
in the urine.

hydruret (hi'-dru-ret). See hydride.
hydruria (hi-dru'-re-ah) [hydro-; ovpov, urine].
The discharge of a large quantity of urine of low
specific gravity.

hydrymenitis (hi-dri-men-i'-tis). See hydrohy-
menitis.

hygeia, hygieia Qti-je'-ah, hi-je-i'-ah) [iyleia,
health]. The state or condition of health.

hygiama (hi-je-am'-ah). A dietetic said to consist
of milk, cereals, and cacao.

hygieinism (hi'-je-in-izm) [vyieia, health]. Sani-
tation.

hygieinization (hi-je-in-i-za'-shun). The establish-
ment of sanitary conditions.

hygiene (hi'-je-en) [vyieivbs, good for the health].
The science that treats of the laws of health and
the methods of their observance.

hygienic Qii-je-en'-ik) [see hygiene]. Pertaining to
hygiene, as hygienic treatment, that which simply
guards against infraction of the laws of health.

hygienist (hi-je-en'-ist). One who is a student of,
or an expert in, hygiene.

hygieology (hi-je-ol'-o-je) [vyltia, health; \byos,
science]. The science of health; hygiene,
hygiology {hi-je-ol'-o-je). See hygieology.
hygrechema (hi-grek-e'-mah) [vypbs, moist; 'nxv^o.t
sound: pi., hygrechemata]. The peculiar sound pro-
duced by a liquid, as heard upon mediate or im-
mediate auscultation.

hygric (hi'-grik) [vypos, moist]. Pertaining or
relating to moisture.

hygrine (hi'-grin) [vypos, moist], C12H13N. A
liquid alkaloid derived from coca.

hygro- (hi-gro-) [vypbs, moist]. A prefix denoting
moist or relating to moisture.

hygroblepharic (hi-gro-blef'-ar-ik) [vypos, moist;
p\&papov, eyelid]. Serving to moisten the eyelid,
as a hygroblepharic duct.

hygrocele (hi'-gro-sel) [vypbs, moist; k^v, a
tumor]. Same as hydrocele.

hygrodermia (hi-gro-der'-me-ah) [vypos, moist;
8ipp.a, skin]. An edematous non-inflammatory skin-
affection.

hygrol Qii'-grol). Colloidal mercury.
hygrology {hi-groV -o-je) [vypos, moist; X6t<w,
science]. The science of the fluids, or so-called
humors, of the body.

hygroma {hi-gro' -mah) [hygro-; 8p,a, tumor]. A
bursa, or newly formed sac. distended with fluid.

hygromatous (hi-gro' -mat-us) [vypos, moist; op.a,
tumor]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, a
hygroma.

hygrometer (hi-grom'-et-er) [hygro-; perpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining quantita-
tively the amount of moisture in the air.

hygrometric (hi-gro-met'-rik) [see hygrometer].
1. Pertaining to hygrometry. 2. Readily absorbing
water; hygroscopic.

hygrometry (hi-grom'-et-re) [see hygrometer]. The
measurement of the moisture of the air.

hygrophanous (hi-grof -an-us) [vypos, moist; <$>b.vi\s,
show]. In biology, applied to such plant-structures
as are transparent when wet, but opaque when
dry.

HYGROPHOBIA

441

HYPAMNIOS

hygrophobia (hi-gro-fo'-be-ah) [vypbs, moist; <£6/3os,
fear]. Insane dislike of water or of moisture.

hygroscope (hi'-gro-skop) [vypbs, moist; aicoireii>,
to inspect]. An instrument that indicates variations
in the moisture of the air.

hygroscopic (Jti-gro-skop'-ik) [hygro-; crKoirelv, to
see]. Having the property of absorbing moisture
from the air.#

hygrostomia (hi-gro-sto'-me-ah) [hygro-; arb/ia,
mouth]. Chronic salivation.

hyla (hi'-lah). See paraqueduct.

hyle (hi'-le) [SX17, matter]. The primitive un-
differentiated matter, mass, or body in nature. Cf.
protyle.

hylephobia (hi-le-fo' -be-ah) [hyle; <j>b&os, fear].
Insane dread of materialistic doctrines.

hylic (hi'-lik). 1. Relating to primitive matter.
2. Adami's name for primal pulp-tissue.

hylogenesis (Jhi-lo-jen'-es-is) [8X77, matter; ykv&iis,
formation]. The formation of matter.

hylogeny (hi-loj'-en-e). Same as hylogenesis.

hylology (hi-lol'-o-je) [vKrj, matter; \byos, science].
The science of elementary or crude material.

hyloma (hi-lo'-mah) [vXrj, matter; fyta, tumor],
A tumor originating in one of the primal pulp-
tissues; subdivided into epihyloma, hypohyloma, and
mesohyloma.

hylopathism (hi-lop'-ath-izm) [&X17, matter; iraBos,
disease]. Any disease arising from defect or disorder
of the body-substance.

hylozoism Qii-lo-zo' -izm) [8X77, matter; £&H7, life].
The theory that all matter is endowed with life.

hymen Qii'-men) [v^v, membrane]. The fold of
mucous membrane that partially occludes the vaginal
entrance, h., imperforate, a congenital abnormality,
the hymen not having an opening, and thus closing
the vaginal outlet or inlet, h., forms of. 1. Bi-
fenestrate, or hymen biforis, with two openings. 2.
Bilobate, with two lobes. 3. Circular, with a small
foramen. 4. Cribriform, with many holes. 5. Den-
ticular, with a serrate edge. 6. Double (rare).
7._ Fimbriate, with fringed edges. 8. Horseshoe,
with its convexity downward. 9. Imperforate.
10. Normal. 11. Semilunar, same as 10, or normal.
12. Hymen septus, divided across by a slit. 13.
Hymen subseptus, covering only the anterior and
posterior portions of the passage.

hymenal {hi'-me-nal). Pertaining to the hymen.
h. tubercles, the carunculce myrtiformes, q. v.

hymenitis (hi-men-i'-tis) [hymen; iris, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the hymen or of any mem-
branous structure.

hymenography (hi-men-og'-ra-fe) [ifiriv, membrane;
ypa<peiu, to write]. Same as hymenology.

Hymenolepis (hi-men-ol'-ep-is). A genus of
Cestoda or tape worms. H. diminuta, a tapeworm
of rats and mice, occasionally found in man. H.
lanceolata, a tapeworm of ducks and geese; rarely
found in man. H. nana, a diminutive tapeworm
about 1 inch long sometimes found in the human
intestines; also called Taenia nana.

hymenology (hi-men-ol'-o-je) [hymen; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of the nature, structure, func-
tions, and diseases of membranes.

hymenomalacia (Jti-men-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [vp.r)v,
membrane; fxaKada, softness]. An abnormal soften-
ing of membranous tissues.

Hymenoptera Qii-men-op' -ter-ah) [vpL-qv, membrane;
nrepdv, wing]. An order of insects distinguished by
two pairs of membranous wings. It includes ants,
bees, wasps, ichneumons, flies, etc.

hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or'-a-fe) [vy.i)v, hymen;
pa4>T), suture], 1. Closure, more or less complete,
of the vagina by suture at the hymen. 2. Suture of
any membrane.

hymenotome (jii-men'-o-tom) [vpi\v, membrane;
Tkp.vtivK to cut], A cutting instrument used in
operations upon membranes.

hymenotomy Qii-men-ot'-o-me) [17157". membrane;
rk\ivuv, to cut], 1. Surgical incision of the hymen.
2. Dissection or anatomy of membranes.

hyo- (hi'-o-) [voeibys, hyoid], A prefix denoting
attachment to or connection with the hyoid bone.

hyobasioglossus Qii-o-ba-se-o-glos'-us). See basio-
glossus.

hyocholalic (hi-o-ko-la'-lik) [5s, a pig; X0X17, bile].
Derived from pig's bile, as hyocholalic acid.

hyoepiglottic, hyoepiglottidean (hi-o-ep-e-glot'-ik,
hi-o-ep-e-glot-id'-e-an) [hyoid; epiglottis}. Relating to
the hyoid bone and the epiglottis.

hygolossal (hi-o-glos'-al) [hyoid; y\u<raa, tongue].
1. Pertaining to the hyoglossus. 2. Extending
from the hyoid bone to the tongue.

hyoglossus Qii-o-glos'-us). See under muscle.

hyoid (hi'-oid) [T, or v the Greek letter upsilon; elSos,
form]. Having the form of the Greek letter upsilon.
h. bone, a bone situated between the root of the
tongue and the larynx, supporting the tongue and
giving attachment to its muscles.

hyolaryngeal (hi-o-lar-in'-je-al). Related to or
connected with the hyoid bone and the larynx.

hyomandibular (hi-o-man-dib'-u-lar). Relating to
the hyoid bone and the inferior maxilla.

hyomental (Jii-o-ment'-al). Relating to the hyoid
bone and the chin.

hyopharyngeus (hi-o-far-in'-je-us). The middle
pharyngeal constrictor.

hyoscine (hi'-o-sin) C17H21NO4. A liquid alkaloid
found in hyoscyamus. It is a powerful depressant
of the cerebrum and the motor centers of the cord,
and is employed in insomnia, mania, and excessive
sexual excitement, h. hydrobromide (hyoscince hydro-
bromidum, U. S. P.), the most commonly adminis-
tered form. Dose ris—sTs SX- (0.0005-0.0008 Gm.).

hyoscyamine (hi-o-si'-am-in) C17H23NO3. An al-
kaloid occurring in hyoscyamus. It is isomeric
with atropine, is a mydriatic, narcotic, and seda-
tiye. Dose t^j gr. (0.0005 Gm.), h. hydrobro-
mide (hyoscyamince hydrobromidum, U. S. P.),
yellowish- white, amorphous masses, with nauseous
taste and odor of tobacco. It is mydriatic, hyp-
notic, and sedative. Dose jhr~is §?"• (0.0005-0.001
Gm.) several times daily; as hypnotic for insane §-J
gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.). h., pseudo-, C17H23NO3, that
obtained from Duboisia myoporoides. It is sedative
and antispasmodic. Dose for the sane Ao-Jis SX-
(0.0005-0.001 Gm.); injection for insane aV~-A SX-
(0.002-0.006 Gm.). h. sulphate {hyoscyamince sul-
phas, U. S. P.), the neutral sulphate of an alkaloid
obtained from hyoscyamus. Dose j^g gr. (0.0005
Gm.).

hyoscyamus (hi-o-si'-am-us). Henbane; a plant
of the order Solanacece. The leaves and flower-
ing tops of H. niger yield the alkaloids hyoscy-
amine and hyoscine. It is sedative to the nervous
system, and has been employed in hysteria, cough,
and colic, and to relieve pain in rheumatism, head-
ache, and malignant tumors, h., extract of (extrac-
tum hyoscyami, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13
Gm.). h., fluidextract of (fluidextr -actum hyoscyami,
U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). h. juice
(succus hyoscyami, B. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc).
h., tincture of (Jtinctura hyoscyami, U. S. P.). Dose
i-i dr. (2-4 Cc).

hyospondylotomy (hi-o-spon-dil-ot'-o-me) [hyo-;
cir6v8v\os, vertebra; reftveir, to cut]. In veterinary
practice, puncture of the laryngeal pouch.

hyosternal (Jii-o-ster'-nal) [hyo-; arkpvov, sternum].

1. Relating to the hyoid bone and the sternum.

2. In biology, the second lateral piece of the plastron
of a turtle; it is also called hyoplastron.

hyovertebrotomy (hi-o-vur-te-brot'-o-me). See hyo-
spondylotomy.

hyp (hip) [vtto, under]. A popular name for hypo-
chondriasis, or persistent depression of spirits; hypo.

hypacidemia (hi-pas-id-e'-me-ah) [inro, under;
acid; at/xa, blood]. Deficiency of acid in the blood.

hypacidity Qiip-as-id'-it-e) [hypo-; acidity]. Sub-
acidity; deficiency in acid constituents.

hypacousis, hypacusia, hypacusis (hip-ah-koo'-sis,
hip-ah-ku' -ze-ah) [hypo-; aicovais, hearing]. Im-
pairment of hearing.

hypactic (hi-pak'-tik) [virayeiv, to carry down].
Slightly purgative. Syn., hypagogue. Cf. lapactic.

hypaesthesia (hip-es-the' -ze-ah). See hypesthesia.

hypagogue (hi'-pah-gog). See hypactic.

hypalbuminosis {hip-al-bu-min-o' -sis) [hypo-; albu-
min]. Diminution in the proportion of albumin in
the blood.

hypalgesia (hip-al-je' -ze-ah) v-n-6, under; 4X7770-15,
painfulness]. Diminished sensitiveness to pain.

hypalgia (hip-al'-je-ah) [wo, under; aKyos, pain].
Slight or moderate pain; diminished sensibility to
pain.

bypalgic (hip-al'-jik) [vt6, under; &\yos, pain].
Slightly painful; experiencing slight pain.

hypamnios, hypamnion (hi-pam'-ne-os, hi-pam'-
ne-on) [hypo-; amnion]. Diminution in the amount
of amniotic fluid.

HYPANAKINESIS

442

HYPERCHROMA

hypanakinesis (hi-pan-ak-in-e'-sis) [hypo-; avaicL-
vi)<n%, a swaying to and fro]. Diminution in the
movements of the stomach or intestines.

hypanisognathism (hip-an-is-og' -nath-izm) [hypo-;
avitros, unequal, uneven; yv&dos, the jaw]. In biology,
a lack of correspondence between the teeth of the
opposite jaws. Cf . anisognathism and epanisognathism.

hypanisognathous (hip-an-is-og' -na-thus) [hypo-;
avuros, unequal, uneven; yvABos, the jaw]. In biology,
having the upper teeth broader than the lower.

hypaphorine (hi-paf'-or-en). A crystalline alkaloid
derived from the seeds of Erythrina lithosperma.

hypapophysis (hip-ap-off'-is-is) [hypo-; apophysis:
pi., hypapophyses). An anterior or ventral apophysis
from the centrum of a vertebra in the human skele-
ton; the atlas is held by some to have an hypophysis,
which is blended with the ring of that vertebra.

hypapoplexia (hip-ap-o-pleks'-e-ah) [hypo-; awoir\r)£-
ta, apoplexy]. A slight apoplexy.

hyparterial (hi-par-te'-re-al) [hypo-; artery]. Situ-
ated beneath an artery.

hypasthenia (hip-as-the' -ne-ah) [hypo-; ao-deveia,
weakness]. Loss of strength in a slight degree.

hypatmism (Jti'-pat-mizm) [hypo-; arp.6s, vapor].
Fumigation.

hypatonia (hip-at-o' -ne-ah) [hypo- ; atony]. A slight
amount of atony.

hypaxial (hi-paks'-e-al) [hypo-; axis]. Situated
beneath or ventrad of the body-axis. Cf. epaxial.

hypectasia, hypectasis (hi-pek-ta' -ze-ah, hi-pek'-
ta-sis) [hypo-; &ra<rts, a stretching]. Slight or
moderate distention.

hypemia (hip-e'-me-ah). See hyphemia.

hypencephalon (hi-pen-sef'-al-on) [hypo- ; ey/cec^aXos,
brain]. The corpora quadrigemina, pons and
medulla.

hypendocrisia (hi-pen-do-kris'-e-ah). Same as
hypoendocrinism.

hypeosinophil (hi-pe-o-sin'-o-fil) [hypo- ; eosinophil].
i. A histological element which does not stain com-
pletely with eosin. 2. Staining imperfectly with
eosin.

hyper- (hi-per-) [virep, over]. A Greek prefix
signifying above, beyond, or excessive.

byperabduction (hi-pur-ab-duk'-shun). See super-
abduction.

hyperacanthosis (hi-per-ak-an-tho'-sis) [hyper- ;
&Kav6a, thorn]. Abnormal growth of the prickle-
cell layer of the epidermis, as in warts and condy-
lomata.

hyperacid (hi-per-as'-id). Excessively acid.

hyperacidity (hi-per-as-id'-it-e) [hyper-; acidity].
Excessive acidity.

hyperacousis, hyperacusia, hyperacusis (hi-per-
nh-koo'-sis, hi-per-ah-koo' -ze-ah) [hyper-; aicovais,
hearing]. Morbid acuteness of the sense of hearing;
auditory hyperesthesia.

hyperactivity (hi-per -ak-tiv'-it-e) [hyper-; activity].
Excessive or abnormal activity.

hyperacuity (hi-per-a-ku'-e-te) [hyper-; acuitas,
sharpness of vision]. Abnormal or morbid acuity.

hyperadenoma (hi-pur-ad-en-o'-mah) [hyper-; over;
aSr/v, gland]. An enlarged lymph-gland.

hyperadenosis (hi-per-ad-en-o'-sis) [hyper-; &8r)v,
gland; vbaos, disease]. Enlargement of the lymph-
glands; Hodgkin's disease.

hyperaemia (hi-per-e'-me-ah). See hyperemia.

hyperaeration (hi-per-a-er-a'-shun) [hyper-; ar/p,
air]. The condition of being furnished with excess
of ozone.

hyperesthesia (hi-per -es-the' -ze-ah). See hyper-
esthesia.

hyperalbuminemia (hi-per-al-bu-min-e'-me-ah) .

Pernicious anemia characterized by more than the
normal percentage of albumin in the blood.

hyperalbuminosis (hi-per-al-bil-min-o'-sis) [hyper- ;
albumin]. An increase in the amount of albumin in
the blood.

hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je' -ze-ah) [hyper-; d.\yri<ns,
pain]. Excessive sensibility to pain, h., acoustic,
h., auditory, a painful sensation in the ear caused by
noises. Syn., hyperesthesia acustica. h., muscular,
muscular fatigue and exhaustion attending certain
diseases, h., olfactory, painful sensitiveness of the
olfactory apparatus to certain odors.

hyperalgesic (hi-per-al-je' -zik) [hyper-; ahyr)<ns,
pain]. Exhibiting or appertaining to hyperalgesia.

hyperalgia (hi-per-al'-je-ah) [hyper-; aXyrjo-is,
pain]. Excessive pain. h., acoustic, excessive
hyperacousis.

hyperalimentation (hi-per-al-e-men-ta'-shun). See
superalimentation .

hyperalimentosis (hi-per-al-e-men-to' -sis) . A mor-
bid condition due to superalimentation.

hyperalkalescence (hi-per-al-kal-es'-ens). Exces-
sive alkalinity.

hyperalonemia (hi-per-al-on-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; aXs,
salt; alfia, blood]. Excess of blood-salts.

hyperamnesia (hi-per-am-ne' -ze-ah). See hyperm-
nesia.

hyperanabolism (hi-per-an-ab'-o-lizm) [hyper-; ava-
(3a\\eiv, to build up]. Hypertrophy or excess of
construction of a tissue or part.

hyperanakinesis (hi-per -an-ak-in-e' -sis) [hyper- ;
&i>aicivr}(Tis, a moving upward; excitement]. Ex-
cessive activity of a part. h. ventriculi, exaggerated
activity of the gastric functions.

hyperanarthric (hi-per-an-ar'-thrik) [hyper-; a,
priv.; apdpov, a joint]. Excessively defective in the
joints.

hyperaphia (hi-per-a'-fe-ah) [hyper-; atp-q, touch].
Excessive sensitiveness to touch.

hyperaphic (hi-per -af-ik) [hyper-; &<j>ri, touch].
Having morbid sensitiveness to touch.

hyperaphrodisia (hi-per-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) [hyper-;
aphrodisia]. An over-strong venereal appetite.

hyperapophyseal (hi-per-ap-o-fis'-e-al) [hyper-;
&7r60uats, apophysis]. Pertaining to a hyperapo-
physis.

hyperapophysis (hi-per-ap-off'-is-is) [hyper-; apo-
physis]. A process projecting backward from a
neural spine.

hyperarithmous (hi-pur-ar-ith'-mus) [hyper-; &pid-
p.6s, a number]. Supernumerary.

hyperarthric (hi-pur-ar'-thrik) [hyper-; apdpov,
joint]. Having supernumerary joints.

hyperarthritic (hi-pur-ar-thrit'-ik). Relating to
hyper arthritis.

hyperarthritis (hi-per-arth-ri'-tis) [hyper-; apdpov,
joint; ins, inflammation]. Severe arthritis.

hyperasthenia (hi-per-as-the' -ne-ah) [hyper-; aoOk-
veia, weakness]. Extreme weakness.

hyperauxesis (hi-per-awks-e'-sis) [hyper-; aC^o-is,
increase]. Extreme increase in the size of a part.

hyperazoturia (hi-per-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [hyper-; azote;
ovpov, urine]. Excess of nitrogenous matter in the
urine.

hyperbolic (hi-per-bol'-ik) [hyper-; (iaWeiv, to
throw]. Exaggerated.

hyperbrachycephalic (hi-per-brak-e-sef-al'-ik) [hy-
per-; flpaxvs, short; K&paXr), head]. Extremely
brachycephalic.

hyperbrachycephaly (hi-per-brak-e-sef'-al-e) [hyper- ;
(ipaxvs, short; K^pa\i], head]. Extreme brachycephaly.

hyperbulia (hi-per-bu'-le-ah) [hyper-; /3ouX^, will].
Exaggerated wilfulness; abnormal development of
will-power.

hypercardia (hi-per-kar'-de-ah) [hyper-; icapSla,
the heart]. Cardiac hypertrophy.

hypercardiotrophy (hi-pur-kar-de-ot'-ro-fe) [hyper-;
napUa, heart; rpo^rj, nourishment]. Hypertrophy
of the heart.

hypercatabolism (hi-per -hat-ab' -o-lizm) [hyper-;
Kara, down; /3aXXet»', to throw]. Wasting or excess
of destruction of a tissue or part.

hypercatharsis (hi-per-kath-ar'-sis) [hyper-; KaBao-
o-ls, cleansing]. Excessive purging.

hypercedemonia (hi-per -se-de-mo' -ne-ah) [hyper- ;
K-nhep-ovla, anxiety]. 1. Extreme anxiety or grief.
2. Excessive care on the part of the physician.

hypercele (hi'-per-sel) [hyper-; noikia, belly].
The dorsal portion of the epicele.

hypercementosis (hi-pur-sem-en-to'-sis). See exo-
stosis, dental.

hypercenosis (hi-per-sen-o'-sis) [hyper-; Kkvuavs,
evacuation]. Excessive evacuation, as by purging
or bleeding.

hyperchlorhydria (hi-per-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [hyper-;
chlorhydria]. Excess of hydrochloric acid in the
gastric secretion. Rossbach's disease.

hypercholesteremia (hi-per -ko-les-ter-e'-me-ah) [hy-
per-; X0X17, bile; arkap, fat; alp.a, blood]. Excess of
cholesterin in the blood.

hypercholia (hi-per-ko'-le-ah) [hyper-; xoKn, bile].
An excessive secretion of bile.

hyperchondroma (hi-per-kon-dro'-mah) [hyper- ;
chondroma]. A cartilaginous tumor.

hyperchroma (hi-per-kro'-mah) [hyper-; xp&p-a>
color]. -The excessive formation of the pigment of
the skin, as in phthiriasis or syphilis.

HYPERCHROMASIA

443

HYPERGLYCISTIA

hyperchromasia (hi-per-kro-ma'-ze-ah) [hyper- ;
~xp<i>na, color], A condition characterized by excess
of pigment.

hyperchromatic (hi-per-kro-mat'-ik) [hyper-; xp^m«.
color]. Exhibiting hyperchroma.

hyperchromatism (Jhi-per-kro'-mat-izm). Same as
hyperchroma.

hyperchromatosis (hi-per-kro-mat-o'-sis) [hyper-;
xpco/ia, color]. Excessive pigmentation, as of the
•skin.

hyperchylia (hi-per-ki'-le-ah) [hyper-; xi/X6s, juice].
Excess of secretion; excessive formation of chyle.

hypercinesia (Jti-per-sin-e'-ze-ah). See hyper-
kinesia.

hypercinesis (hi-pur-sin-e'-sis). See hyperkinesis.

hypercompensation Qii-per-kom-pen-sa'-shun). The
formation of more plastic material than is necessary
to compensate for loss.

hypercrinia (hi-per-krin'-e-ah) [hyper-; nplveiv, to
separate]. Abnormal or excessive secretion.

hypercritical Qii-pur-crit'-ik-al). Relating to a
crisis of excessive severity.

hypercryalgesia (hi-pur-kri-al-je'-ze-ah) [hyper-;
jcpvos, cold; aXyrio-is, pain]. Abnormal sensitiveness
to cold.

hypercusia (hi-per-ku'-ze-ah). See hyperacusia.

hypercyesis (hi-per-si-e'-sis) [hyper-; K\rq<ns, con-
ception]. I. Superfetation. 2. The condition in
which conceptions follow each other rapidly.

hypercyrtosis (hi-per-sir-to'-sis) [hyper-; Kvprwais,
curvature]. Extreme curvature, as of the back or a
limb.

hypercythemia (Jhi-per-si-the'-me-ah) [hyper-; /euros,
cell; al/xa, blood]. Increase in the blood-corpuscles
compared with the serum.

hyperdacryosis (hi-pur-dak-re-o'-sis) [hyper-; Saicpv,
a tear]. An excessive secretion of tears.

hyperdactylia {hi-per-dak-til'-e-ah) [hyper-; 5d/erv-
Xos, finger]. Polydactylism.

hyperdermatosis (hi-per-der-mat-o'-sis) [hyper-;
Sepp,a, skin]. Hypertrophy of the skin.

hyperdesmosis (hi-per-dez-mo'-sis) [hyper-; 5e<rp,6s,
a bond]. Hypertrophy of the connective tissue.

hyperdiacrisis (hi-pur-di-ak'-ris-is) [hyper-; Sia-
«pi<ris, a separating]. An abnormally severe crisis.

hyperdicrotic (hi-per-di-krot'-ik) [hyper-; dUporos,
a double beat]. Affected with marked or delayed
dicrotism; a condition in which the aortic notch is
below the base-line.

hyper dicrotism (hi-per-dik'-rot-izm) [hyper-; SUpo-
tos, a double beat]. Strongly marked or excessive
dicrotism.

hyperdiemorrhysis (hi-per-di-e-mor'-e-sis) [hyper- ;
3id, through; alp.a, blood; pvats, flowing]. Excessive
circulation of the blood through the veins.

hyperdistention (hi-per-dis-teri -shun) [hyper-; dis-
tendere, to stretch]. Forcible or extreme distention.

hyperdiuresis {hi-per-di-u-re' -sis) [hyper-; diovpeeiv,
to pass urine]. Excessive secretion of urine.

hyperdontogeny (hi-per-don-toj'-en-e) [hyper-; 6Sovs,
tooth; yevi>ai>, to produce]. The occurrence of a
third dentition in mature life.

hyperdynamia (hi-per-di-nam'-e-ah) [hyper-; dwa-
/tts, energy]. Excessive strength of exaggeration of
nervous or muscular function.

hyperdynamic (hi-per-di-nam'-ik) [hyper-; Svvap.ts,
energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperdy-
namia.

hypereccrisia, hypereccrisis (hi-per-ek-kris'-e-ah,
hi-per-ek'-kris-is) [hyper-; e/e, out; uplvtiv, to separate].
Excessive excretion.

hypereccritic, hyperecritic {hi-per-ek-rit'-ik). Re-
lating to hypereccrisis.

hyperechema (hi-per-ek-e'-mah) [hyper-; vxvfia,
sound; pi., hyperechemata]. A normal sound ab-
normally exaggerated.

hyperechesis (hi-per-ek-e'-sis) [hyper-; vxv<r<-s,
sound]. Abnormal loudness of voice.

hyperemesis (hi-per-em'-es-is) [hyper-; ep.tats,
vomiting]. Excessive vomiting, h. gravidarum. See
morning sickness, h. lactantium, intractable vomit-
ing of nurslings.

hyperemetic (hi-per-em-et'-ik) [hyper-; exeats,
vomiting]. Pertaining to, or characterized by,
excessive vomiting.

hyperemia {hi-per-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; alp.a, blood].
Excessive blood in a part, h., active, that caused by
an excessive supply of blood going to a part, h.,
arterial, that due to increase of the blood-current
from dilatation of the arterioles, h., Bier's passive.

See Bier's h. h., collateral, h., compensatory, con-
gestion, either arterial or venous, in one part, com-
pensatory to anemia in another part through trans-
ferred blood-pressure, h., latent, the condition
following continued light-treatment, marked by
distinct redness appearing after very slight stimulation
and consisting in dilatation of the cutaneous vessels,
exudation, and local leukocytosis, h., passive, that
caused by an impediment to the removal of the
blood, h. of stasis. See h., passive, h., venous,
that due to diminution of the velocity of the
current, from obstruction of the outflow through
the veins. Syn., hypercemia venosa.

hyperencephalus {hi-per-en-sef'-a-lus) [hyper-; iy-
Ke<pa\os, brain]. A variety of single autositic
monsters in which the upper portion of the skull is
entirely lacking.

hyperendocrinism Qti-per-en-dok'-rin-izm) [hyper-;
tvbbv, within; npivtiv, to separate]. Abnormal in-
crease of an internal secretion; the opposite of hy-
poendocrinism.

hyperenergy Qii-per-en'-er-je). Excessive energy
or action.

hyperenteritis (Jii-per-en-ter-i'-tis) [hyper-; Ivnpov,
intestine; ins, inflammation]. Acute intestinal
inflammation; severe enteritis.

* hyperenterosis (hi-per-en-ter-o'-sis) [hyper- ; evrepov,
bowel]. Hypertrophy of the intestines.

hyperephidrosis ' (hi-per-ef-hid-ro'-sis) [hyper- ; i<p-
Lbpwavs, perspiration]. Excessive or long-con-
tinued sweating.

hypererethisia, hypererethism {hi-per-er-eth-iz'-
e-ah, hi-per-er' -eth-izm) [hyper-; lpe8i<rp.6s, irrita-
tion]. Excessive nervous or mental irritability.

hyperergasia Qii-per-er-ga' -se-ah) [hyper-; epyaaia,
work]. Increased work or functional activity.

hyperergia {hi-per-er' -je-ah) [hyper-; Ipyov, work].
Increased functional activity.

hypererythrocythemia {hi-per-er-ith-ro-si-the'-me-
ah) [hyper-; epvdpos, red; /euros, cell; alfia, blood].
Excess of red corpuscles in the blood.

hyperesophoria (hi-per-es-o-fo'-re-ah). See hetero-
phoria.

hyperesthesia (hi-per-es-the'-ze-ah) [hyper-; aladr]-
o-is, sensation]. Excessive sensibility.

hyperesthetic Qii-per-es-thet'-ik) [hyper-; atadr)<ns,
sensation]. Pertaining to hyperesthesia.

hyperesophoria (hi-per-eks-o-fo'-re-ah). A turning
of the eyes upward and outward.

hyperextension (hi-per-eks-ten'-shun). Excessive
extension for the correction of orthopedic deformi-
ties.

hyperfecundation {hi-per-fe-kun-da'-shun). Same
as super jecundation.

hyperflexion {hi-per-fiek'-shun) [hyper-; flexio, a
bending]. Overflexion, as of a limb. This is one
method of treating aneurysm.

hypergasia {hi-per-ga'-se-ah) [hypo-; Ipydcrta, work .
Diminished work or functional activity.

hypergastritis (ht-per-gas-tri'-tis). Very severe
gastritis.

hypergenesis (hi-per-jen'-es-is) [hyper-; ykveffiK,
generation]. Excess or redundancy of the parts or
organs of the body.

hypergenetic (hi-per-jen-et'-ik) [hyper-; ykvt<rvs,
generation]. Marked by enlargement or increase of
size. See also teratism.

hypergenitalism (hi-per-jen'-it-al-izm) [hyper-;
genital]. Abnormal activity of the internal secretions
of the genital organs, producing undue development
of the genitals, and precocious puberty.

hypergeusesthesia {hi-pur-gu-ses-the' -ze-ah) . See
hypergeusia.

hypergeusia (hi-per-gu'-se-ah) [hyper-; yev<ri.s,
taste]. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of taste.

hypergigantosoma (hi-per-ji-gant-o-so'-mah) [hy-
per-; 71-yas, a giant; au>p.a, body]. Extraordinary
gigantism.

hyperglobulia (hi-per-glo-bu'-le-ah) [hyper-; globus,
a ball]. An increase in the number of red blood-
corpuscles.

hyperglucosic (hi-per-gloo-ko'-sik). A term applied
to any diabetic diet containing an amount of carbo-
hydrates larger than the patient's tolerance.

hyperglycemia (hi-per-gli-se'-me-ah) [hyper-; yXvKvs,
sweet; alfia, blood]. Excess of sugar in the blood.

hyperglycistia (hi-per-gli-sis'-te-ah) [hyper-; yXvKvs,
sweet; 1<ttos, tissue]. Excess of glucose in the
tissues.

HYPERGLYCOGENIA

444

HYPEROIC

hyperglycogenia (hi-per-gli-ko-je'-ne-ah) [hyper-;
y\vKvs, sweet; yevr/s, producing]. The excessive
production of glycogen.

hyperhedonia (hi-per-hed-o' -ne-ah) [hyper-; vSovl),
pleasure]. Extreme delight in the gratification of a
desire.

hyperhematosia, hyperhematosis (hi-per-hem-at-o'-
ze-ah, hi-per-hem-at-o'-sis). i. Extraordinary activity
or pressure of the blood. 2. Excess of blood. Syn.,
hyperematosis; hyperemosis.

hyperhemia, hyperhsemia (hi-per-he'-me-ah). See
hyperemia.

hyperhidrosis, hyperidrosis (hi-per-hid-ro'-sis, hi-
per-id-ro' -sis) [hyper-; ISpus, sweat]. Excessive
sweating.

hyperhydremia (hi-per-hi-dre'-me-ah) [hyper-; vSwp,
water; alp.a, blood]. Excess of water in the blood.

hyperhypnosis (hi-per -hip-no' 'sis) [hyper-; virvos,
sleep]. Excessive or frequent drowsiness and sleep.

Hypericum (hi-per' -ik-um). St. John's wort; a
genus of plants, mostly herbs or shrubs, with a
resinous juice. H. perforatum, one of the commonest
of the 160 species, has styptic, stimulant, and diuretic
properties, but is now used mainly in domestic
practice. Dose of the ext., gr. x-xx; of the fid. ext.,
5 j-ij.

hypendeation (hi-per-i-de-a'-shun) [hyper-; idea]u
Excessive or morbid mental activity.

hyperidrosis (hi-per-id-ro'-sis). See hyperidrosis.

hyperino-epithelioma (hi-per-' in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-
mah) [hyper-; is, a fiber; eirl, upon; drfKii, nipple;
6jua, tumor: pi., hyperino-epitheliomata]. Scirrhous
carcinoma with an abundance of fibrous elements.

hyperinosemia (hi-per-in-o-se' -me-ah) [hyper-; is,
fiber; alfia, blood]. An exaggerated tendency to the
formation of fibrin in the blood.

hyperinosis (hi-per-in-o'-sis) [hyper-; is, fiber]. An
excessive increase in the fibrin-factors in the blood.

hyperinotic (hi-per-in-ol'-ik) [hyper-; is, fiber].
Characterized by hyperinosis.

hyperinvolution (hi-per-in-vo-lw '-shun) [hyper-; in-
volvere, to roll around]. Excessive involution of an
organ after enlargement, as of the uterus after
pregnancy, resulting in a reduction below the normal
size.

hyperisotonia (hi-per-is-o-to' -ne-ah) [hyper-; iaos,
equal; tovos, tone]. Unusual equality of tone or
tension ^applied to muscles.

hyperisotonic (hi-per-is-o-ton'-ik) [hyper-; io-os,
equal; tovos, tone]. Applied to a solution of greater
density than the blood or some other fluid taken as a
standard.

hyperisotonicity (hi-per-is-o-ton-is'-it-e). The con-
dition of infusions having too great a saline per-
centage.

hyperkeratinization (hi-per-ker-at-in-i-za'-shun). A
hypertrophy of the epithelium seen in the palms
and soles in chronic arsenical poisoning.

hyperkeratomycosis (hi-per-ker-at-o-mi-ko'-sis) [hy-
per-; Kkpas, horn; hvktjs, fungus]. Hyperkeratosis
caused by a parasitic fungus.

hyperkeratosis (hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis) [hyper-; Kkpas,
cornea; horn]. 1. Hypertrophy of the cornea.
2. Hypertrophy of the horny layer of the skin.
h. lacunaris pharyngis, a condition characterized by
numerous hard white masses sometimes developing
into long horny spines, projecting from the follicles
of the lymphoid ring about the pharynx.

hyperkinesia (hi-per-kin-e'-ze-ah) [hyper-; kLvtjo-is,
energy]. Excessive movement, as that associated
with muscular spasm.

hyperkinetic (hi-per-kin-et'-ik) [hyper-; riv-no-is,
energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperkinesia.

hyperkoria (hi-per-ko'-re-ah) [hyper-; Kopos, sati-
ety]. The condition of being quickly satisfied.

hyperlactation (hi-per -lak-ta' -shun) [hyper-; lactare,
to give milk]. Prolongation of lactation beyond the
ninth month.

hyperleukocythemia (hi-per-lu-ko-si-the'-me^ah) .
See hyperleukocytosis.

hyperleukocytosis (hi-per-lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [hyper-;
leukocyte]. An increase in the number of leukocytes
in the blood.

hyperlipemia (hi-per-lip-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; \iiros,
fat; alp.a, blood]. Excess of fat in the blood; lipemia.

hyperliposis (hi-per-lip-o'-sis) [hyper-; \L1r0s, fat].
An excess of fat-splitting ferment (lipase) in the blood.

hyperlithuria (hi-per-lith-u'-re-ah) [hyper-; \Ldos,
stone; oZpov, urine]. Excess of lithic acid in the
urine. Same as lithuria.

hyperlogia (hi-per-lo'-je-ah) [hyper-; \6yos, speech].
Excessive or maniacal loquacity.

hyperlymphia (hi-per-limf'-e-ah) [hyper-; lympha.
water]. An increase in the amount of lymph in the
body.

hypermastia (hi-per-mas'-te-ah) [hyper-; fiao-rbs,
breast]. Excessive development of the mammary
gland.

hypermature (hi-per-ma-tur'). Overmature, over-
ripe, as a cataract.

hypermedication (hi-per-med-e-ka'-shun). Exces-
sive employment of drugs.

hypermegalia, hypermegaly (hi-per-meg-a'-le-ah,
-meg'-al-e) [hyper-; jue7as, large]. Excessive enlarge-
ment.

hypermegasoma (hi-per-meg-as-o'-mah). Sezhyper-
gigantosoma.

hypermegasthenic (hi-per-meg-as-then'-ik) [hyper- ;
p.eyas, great; o-Bkvos, strength]. Abnormally or
excessively strong.

hypermesosoma (hi-per-mes-o-so'-mah) [hyper- ;
ixko-os, middle; <rw/*a, body]. A stature measurably
in excess of the ordinary.

hypermetamorphic (hi-per-met-ah-morf-ik). Un-
dergoing frequent transformations.

hypermetamorphosis (hi-per-met-am-or-fo'-sis) [hy-
per-; metamorphosis]. In biology, applied to insects
that undergo transformation more completely or
having more stages than ordinary.

hypermetrope (hi'-per-met-rop). See hyperope.

hypermetropia (hi-per-me-tro'-pe-ah). Same as
hyperopia.

hypermetropic (hi-per-me-trop'-ik) [hyper-; p.krpov,
a measure; &rp, sight]. Affected with, or pertaining
to, hyperopia.

hypermicrosoma (hi-per-mik-ro-so'-mah) [hyper-;
ixiKpbs, small; <rup.a, body]. Extreme dwarfishness.

hypermnesia, hypermnesis (hi-perm-ne'-ze-ah, hi-
perm-ne' -sis) [hyper-; p.vr\ais, memory]. Abnormal
exaltation of the power of memory.

hypermotility (hi-p'er-mo-til'-it-e) [hyper-; motilis,
motile]. Excessive action, h., gastric, excessive
churning action of the gastric walls, often accom-
panied with hyperacidity due to increased secretion
of HC1.

hypermyelohemia (hi-per-mi-el-o-he'-me-ah) [hyper-,
p.ve\6s, marrow; atp.a, blood]. Hyperemia of the
spinal marrow. Syn., myelyperemia.

hypermyotonia (hi-per-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [hyper-; p.vs,
muscle; tovos, tone]. Excessive tonicity of the
muscles.

hypermyotrophy, hypermyotrophia (hi-per-mi-of-
ro-fe, hi-per-mi-ot-ro'-fe-ah) [hyper-; p.vs, muscle;
Tpo<p-q, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the muscular
tissue.

hypernanosoma (hi-per-nan-o-so'-ma) hyper-; va-
vos, a dwarf; aufia, body], A person of low
stature, but larger than a dwarf.

hypernea, hypernoia (hi-per-ne'-ah, hi-per-noi'-ah)
[hyper-; voeetv, to think]. Excessive or abnormal
mental activity; also, the uncontrolled and incon-
gruous activity of the imagination in some cases of
insanity.

hypernephroid (hi-per-nef'-roid) [hyper-; vetppos,
kidney; eI5os, likeness]. Suprarenal, h. tumors,
such as are derived from aberrant suprarenal tissue.
See hypernephroma.

hypernephroma (hi-per-nef-ro'-mah). See Grawitz's
umor.

hypernephrotrophy (hi-per-nef-rot'-ro-fe) [hyper-;
ve<pp6s, kidney; Tpo<f>ri, nourishment]. Hypertrophy
of the kidney. Syn., nephrypertrophia.

hyperneuria (hi-per-nu-re-ah) [hyper-; vevpov,
nerve]. Excessive nerve-action.

hyperneuroma (hi-per-nu-ro'-mah) [hyper-; vevpov,
nerve; 3/x<*. tumor]. An exuberant growth of
nervous tissue.

•hyperneurosis (hi-per-nu-ro'-sis). Excessive de-
velopment of nervous tissue.

hypernidation (hi-per-nid-a'-shun). See superni-
dation.

hypernormal (hi-per-nor'-mal). Exceeding the
normal state.

hypernutrition. See super nutrition.

hyperodontogeny (hi-per-o-don-toj'-en-e) [hyper-;
68ovs, tooth; yewav, to beget]. The phenomenon
of a third dentition late in life.

hyperoic (hi-per-o'-ik) [vwepua, the palate]. Re-
lating to the palate.

HYPEROITIS

445

HYPERSOMNIA

hyperoitis (Jii-per-o-i'-tis) [virep&a, palate; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the palate.

hyper oncosis (hi-per-on-ko'-sis) [hyper-; 6yicos, a
tumor]. Excessive swelling.

hyperonychia (hi-per-o-nik'-e-ah) [hyper-; 5w£,
nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails.

hyperonychosis Qii-per-on-ik-o'-sis). See hyper-
onychia.

hyperope (Jii'-per-op) [hyperopia]. One who is
affected with hyperopia.

hyperopia or hypermetropia (hi-per-o'-pe-ah or
hi-per-me-tro'-pe-ah) [hyper-; &\J/, sight]. The con-
dition of the refractive media of the eye in which,
with suspended accommodation, the focus of parallel
rays of light is behind the retina. It is due to an
abnormally short anteroposterior diameter of the
eye, or to a subnormal refractive power of its media.
h., absolute, that which cannot be corrected com-
pletely by accommodation, so that there is indistinct
vision even for distance, h., axial, that due to
abnormal shortness of the anteroposterior diameter
of the eye, the refractive power being normal, h.,
curvature, a form often combined with astigmatism,
due to changes in curvature of the cornea or lens.
h., facultative, that which may be corrected by the
accommodation, so that there is distinct vision at a
distance, h., index, that developing in old age from
sclerosis of the lens, h., latent, that part of the
total hyperopia that cannot be overcome by the
accommodation, or the difference between the mani-
fest and the total hyperopia, h., manifest, the
amount of hyperopia represented by the strongest
convex lens which a person will accept without
paralysis of the accommodation, h., relative, a
high hyperopia in which distinct vision is possible
only when excessive convergence is made, h., total,
the entire hyperopia, both latent and manifest.

hyperorexia (hi-per-or-ek'-se-ah) [hyper-; 5pe£is,
appetite]. Bulimia.

hyperorthognathy {hi-per-or-thog'-na-the) [hyper- ;
6p66s, straight; yvaffos, the jaw]. Excessive orthog-
nathy; the condition of having a cranial index greater
than 910.

hyperosmia (hi-per-oz'-me-ah) [hyper-; 6ap.r\, smell].
An abnormally acute sense of smell.

hyperosphresis {hi-per-os-fre'-sis) [hyper-; 6<r<ppt\ovs,
the power of smelling]. Exaggeration of the sense of
smell.

hyperosteogeny {hi-per-os-te-oj'-en-e) [hyper-; 6a-
rkov, bone; -ytwav, to produce]. Excessive
development of bone.

hyperosteopathy (hi-per-os-te-op'-ath-e) [hyper-;
borkov, bone; iraffos, disease]. An excessively
diseased condition of the bones.

hyperostosis (hi-per-os-to'-sis) [hyper-; 6arkov,
bone]. Exostosis or general hypertrophy of bony
tissue.

hyperoxemia (hi-per-oks-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; b£vs,
sharp; alpa, blood]. Extreme acidity of the blood.

hyperparasite (hi-per-par'-as-it) [hyper-; parasite].
In biology, a parasite including in itself another para-
site.

hyperparasitism {hi-per-par' -as-lt-izm) [hyper- ;
parasite]. The infestation of parasites by other
parasites.

hyperpathia (hi-per-path'-e-ah) [hyper-; iraJdos,
disease, sensibility], i. Extreme illness. 2. Ex-
treme sensibility.

hyperpelvic {hi-per-pel'-vik). Located above the
pelvis.

hyperpepsia (hi-per-pep'-se-ah) [hyper-; -irtyis,
digestion]. Dyspepsia characterized by an excess
of chlorides in the gastric juice, without an excess of
free hydrochloric acid.

hyperpepsinia Qii-per-pep-sin'-e-ah). Excessive
secretion of pepsin in the stomach.

hyperperistalsis (hi-per-per-is-tal'-sis). Peristaltic
unrest; a condition characterized by persistent rapid
contractions of the stomach in close succession ap-
pearing after meals. Syn., tormina ventriculi ner-
vosa.

hyperperitonitis (hi-per-per-it-on-i'-tis). Very se-
vere or acute peritonitis.

hyperphagia {hi-per-fa'-je-ah) [hyper-; <payeZv, to
eat]. Excess in eating. See bulimia.

hyperphalangia (hi-per-fa-lan'-je-ah) [hyper-; phal-
anx]. Abnormal length of one or several of the
phalanges.

hyperpharyngeal Qii-per-far-in'-je-al). See supra-
pharyngeal.

hyperphasia (hi-per-fa'-se-ah) [hyper-; <j>6.avs, say-
ing]. Hyperlogia; insane volubility; lack of control
over the organs of speech.

hyperphenomenal (hi-per-fe-nom'-en-al). Real.

hyperphleboectasy (hi-per-fleb-o-ek'-ta-se) [hyper-;
tpXty, vein; &To<r«, a stretching]. Excessive dila-
tation of the veins.

hyperphlebosis (hi-per-fleb-o'-sis). See hyperve-
nosity.

hyperphlogosis (hi-per-flo-go'-sis) [hyper- ; <p\6yu>avs,
a burning]. < Violent inflammation.

hyperphoria (hi-per-fo'-re-ah) , See heterophoria.

hyperphoric (hi-per-fo'-rik). i. Relating to hyper-
phoria. 2. One who is affected with hyperphoria.

hyperphrasia (Jii-per-fra'-ze-ah) [hyper-; <ppa.au,
utterance]. The incoherent and exaggerated utter-
ance of an insane person.

hyperphrenia (.hi-per-fre'-ne-ah) [hyper-; <ppi]v,
mind]. Passionate mental exaltation of the insane.

hyperphysemia (hi-per-fi-se'-me-ah) [hyper-; <pvaa,
air; at/ia, blood]. Excess of gases in the blood, or the
abnormal conditions associated with such excess.

hyperpicrous (hi-per-pik'-rus) [hyper-; iriKpbs,
bitter]. Excessively bitter.

hyperpiesis (Jti-per-pi-e'-sis) [hyper-; irUais, a
pressing]. An abnormally high pressure, as of the
blood.

hyperpigmentation (hi-per-pig-men-ta'-shun). Ex-
cessive pigmentation.

hyperpimelic (hi-per-pim'-el-ik) [hyper-; inne\r)s,
fat]. Relating to obesity.

hyperpituitarism (Jti-per-pit-u'-it-ar-izm) [hyper-;
pituitary]. A condition due to excessive activity
of the pituitary gland, and marked by gigantism and
hypertrichosis.

hyperplasia (hi-per-pla'-ze-ah) [hyper-; 7rX<i<ris,
molding]. Excessive formation of tissue; an increase
in the size of a tissue or organ owing to an increase
in the number of cells. Syn., numerical hypertrophy.

hyperplastic (Jii-per-plas'-tik). Pertaining to hy-
perplasia.

hyperplerosis (hi-per-ple-ro'-sis) [hyper-; irX-fipwan,
fulness]. Excessive repletion or fulness.

hyperplexia Qii-per-pleks'-e-ah) [hyper-; ttXtj^s,
stroke]. I. Ecstasy. 2. Melancholia with stupor.

hyperpnea (hi-per-pne'-ah) [hyper-; ttvoit), breath-
ing]. Painting or exaggerated respiration.

hyperporosis (hi-per-po-ro'-sis) [hyper-; ir&poxns,
cementing or uniting]. An excessive formation of
callus in the reunion of fractured bones.

hyperpraxia {hi-per-praks'-e-ah) [hyper-; irpa£is,
exercise]. The restlessness of movement charac-
terizing certain forms of mania.

hyperpresbyopia {hi-per-pres-be-o'-pe-ah) [hyper- ;
7rpeo-/3os, old; &if/, eye]. Excessive presbyopia.

hyperprochoresis (hi-per-pro-ko-re'-sis) [hyper- ;
irpoxupeiv, to advance]. Excessive motor action of
the stomach. Cf . hyperperistalsis.

hyperpromethia Qii-per-prom-e'-the-ah) [hyper-;
irponrideia, foresight]. Supernormal power of fore-
sight.

hyperprosexia (hi-per-pro-seks'-e-ah) [hyper-; irpo-
o-e£is, attention]. Entire absorption of the
attention by a single process.

hyperpselaphesia (hi-per-sel-af-e'-se-ah) [hyper-;
\J<r}\6<pricns, touch]. Abnormal increase of tactile
sensibility.

hyperpyretic (hi-per-pi-ret'-ik). Pertaining to hy-
perpyrexia.

hyperpyrexia (hi-per-pi-reks'-e-ah) [hyper-; s-uperos,
fever]. Excessively high body temperature. By
some the term is used only when the temperature is
above io6° F.

hyperresonance (hi-per-res'-o-nans) [hyper-; reso-
nance]. Increased resonance on percussion.

hyperrhinencephalia (hi-per-rin-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [hy-
per-; pis, the nose; iyidxpaXos, the brain]. A con-
genital deformity characterized by undue frontal
predominance and excessive development of the
olfactory bulbs.

hypersarcosis, hypersarcoma (hi-per-sar-ko'-sis,
hi-per-sar-ko'-ma) [hyper-; <rap£, flesh; 6p.a, a tumor],
i. Excessive granulation, fungosity, or proudflesh.
2. Obesity; hypertrophy.

hypersecretion (hi-per-se-kre'-shun) [hyper-; secre-
tion]. Excessive secretion.

hypersensitive Qii-per-sen'-sit-iv). Abnormally
sensitive.

hypersomnia (hi-per-som'-ne-ah) [hyper-; somnus,
sleep]. Excessive sleep.

HYPERSPASMIA

446

HYPNOBAT

hyperspasmia (hi-per-spaz'-me-ah). Synonym of
convulsions.

hypersplenia (hi-per-sple'-ne-ah). See splenome-
galia.

hypersplenotrophy (hi-per-splen-ot'-ro-je). See
splenomegalia.

hypersteatosis (hi-per-ste-at-o'-sis) [hyper-; steato-
sis]. Excessive secretion of fat. Syn., aleipsis
acuta.

hypersthenia (hi-per-sthen'-e-ah) [hyper-; crdevos,
strength]. A condition of exalted strength or tone
of the body.

hypersthenic (hi-per-sthen'-ik) [hyper-; o-Qkv^,
strength]. Characterized by hypersthenia.

hypersusceptibility (hi-per-sus-sep-tib-il'-it-e). i.
Extreme liability to infection. 2. Anaphylaxis.

hypersynergia {hi-per-sin-ur'-je-ah) [hyper-; <rwep-
yla, a working together]. Excessive coordination;
excessive energy in the organs in spreading disease
throughout the system.

hypersystole (hi-per-sis'-to-le) [hyper-; systole].
An excessively strong systole.

hypertension (hi-per-ten'-shun) . Excessive tension ;
supertension.

hyperthelia (hi-per-the'-le-ah) [hyper-; 077X17, a
nipple]. The presence of supernumerary nipples.

hyperthermalgesia (hi-per-therm-al-je'-se-ah) [hy-
per-; dkpuri, heat; 0X705, pain]. Abnormal sensi-
tiveness to heat.

hyperthermia {hi-per-ther'-me-ah). Elevation of
temperature above the normal.

hyperthermoesthesia (hi-per-therm-o-es-the'-ze-ah) .
See hyperthermalgesia.

hyperthymia (hi-per-thi'-me-ah) [hyper-; 6vp.6s,
mind]. 1. Mental hyperesthesia; morbid over-
sensitiveness. 2. Vehement cruelty or foolhardiness
as a symptom of mental disease. 3. Moral insanity.

hyperthymization (hi-per-thi-miz-a'-shun). Exag-
gerated activity of the thymus gland and the patho-
logical condition resulting from it.

hyperthyrea (hi-per-thi'-re-ah). The condition
arising from excessive functional activity of the
thyroid gland.

hyperthyroidation (hi-per-thi-roid-a'-shun). Ab-
normal action or overaction of the thyroid gland.

hyperthyroidism (hi-per-thi'-roid-izm). An ab-
normal condition brought about by an excessive or
depraved functional activity of the thyroid gland.

hyperthyrosis (hi-per-thi-ro'-sis). The condition
in which there is excess of thyroid substance in the
body.

hypertonia (hi-per-to'-ne-ah) [hyper-; rovos, tone].
1. Excess of muscular tonicity. 2. Increased intra-
ocular tension.

hypertonic (hi-per-ton'-ik\. Exceeding in strength
or tension, h. salt solution, one whose osmotic
tension exceeds that of the blood-serum.

hypertonicity (hi-per-ton-is'-et-e). See hypertonia.

hypertoxicity (hi-per-toks-is'-it-e). The quality of
being excessively toxic.

hypertrichiasis, hypertrichosis (hi-per-trik-i'-as-is,
hi-per-trik-o'-sis). Excessive growth of hair of a
part or the whole of the body.

hypertromos (hi-per' '-tro-mos) [hyper-; rponos,
tremor]. Excessive tremor or fear.

hypertrophia {hi-per-tro'-fe-ah) [hyper-; rpo^,
nourishment]. Same as hypertrophy, h. cordis,
hypertrophy of the heart.

hypertrophic (hi-per-trof-ik) [hyper-; rpo^rj, nour-
ishment]. Marked by hypertrophy or excessive size.

hypertrophous (hi-per' -trof -us). Marked by or
exhibiting hypertrophy.

hypertrophy (hi-per' -tro-fe) [hyper-; rpotp-q, nourish-
ment]. An increase in the size of a tissue or organ
independent of the general growth of the body, h.,
compensatory, that resulting from the increased
activity of an organ to make up some deficiency in a
paired organ or in itself, h., concentric (of the heart) ,
increase in the thickness of the walls, without increase
in the size of the organ, but with diminution in the
capacity of its chambers, h., eccentric (of the heart),
hypertrophy with dilatation, h., false, an increase in
some one constituent tissue of an organ, usually the
connective tissue, h., moriform, a mulberry-like
enlargement, as of the posterior ends of the lower
turbinals. h., numerical, hypertrophy due to an
increase in the number of cells, h., physiological.
Same as h., compensatory, h., simple. 1. That in
which there is increase in the size of the individual
cells. 2. Of the heart, increased thickness of the

walls, the size of the cavities remaining unchanged,
h., true, an increase of all the component tissues of
an organ, giving increased power.

hypertropia (hi-per-tro'-pe-ah). See strabismus.

hypertypic (hi-per-tip'-ik). Exceeding the type;
excessively atypic.

hyperuremia (hi-per-u-re-'-me-ah) [hyper-; olpov>
urine; alp.a, blood]. Excess of urea in the blood.

hyperuresis (hi-per-u-re'-sis). Same as polyuria-
and enuresis.

hyperuricemia (hi-per-u-ris-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; ov~
pov, urine; alp.a, blood]. Excess of uric acid in the
blood.

hypervaccination (hi-per-vak-sin-a'-shun) . A
second or subsequent inoculation of an immunized
person or animal; it is done with the idea of obtaining;
(in the case of an animal) a powerful antitoxin.

hypervenosity (hi-per-ve-nos'-it-e). 1. Excessive
development of the venous system. 2. See super-
venosity.

hyperventilation (hi-per-ven'-til-a-shun) [hyper-, -
ventilare, to fan]. A method of treating some
diseases by exposing the body to drafts of air.

hyperviscosity (hi-per-vis-kos'-it-e). Exaggeration
of adhesive properties; observed in the erythrocytes,
in inflammatory diseases, in anemias, or when they
are subjected to the action of poisons, notably snake-
poison.

hypesthesia (hip-es-the'-ze-ah) [vtto, under; aiotfeo-is,.
sensation]. Impairment of sensation; lessened tac-
tile sensibility.

hypesthetic (hip-es-thet'-ik). Pertaining to or
affected with hypesthesia. -

hypha (hi'-fah) [tyr), a weaving; web; pi., hyphce].
The filament or thread of a fungus; the matted
hyphae form the mycelium.

hyphedonia (hip-hed-o'-ne-ah) [hypo-; iiSovq, plea-
sure]. Morbidly diminished pleasure in the grati-
fication of desires. Cf. hyperhedonia.

hyphemia (hi-fe'-me-ah) [faro, under; at/to, blood].
1. Oligemia; deficiency of blood. 2. Hemorrhage
in the anterior chamber of the eye.

hyphidrosis (hip-hid-ro'-sis) [hypo-; tSpaats, sweat-
ing]. Deficiency of perspiration.

hyphogenous (hi-foj'-en-us) [i><j>r), a web; -yewaiv
to produce]. Due to the hypha? of some parasitic
fungus.

hyphology (hi-fol'-o-je) [i>4>ii, web; X670S, science]-
Same as histology.

Hyphomycetes (hi-fo-mi-se'-tez) [iMprj, web; /tfa^s,.
fungus]. A group of fungi having the spores orn
prominent threads; the molds.

hyphostroma (hi-fo-stro'-mah) [v<f>r), a web; orpwjua,.
a bed]. Same as mycelium.

hyphotomy (hi-fot'-o-me) [i<t>v, a web; ro/tij, a
cutting]. The dissection of tissues.

hypinosis (hip-in-o'-sis) [hypo-; is, fiber]. A
deficiency of fibrin-factors in the blood.

hypinotic (hip-in-ot'-ik) [hypo-; U, fiber]. Per-
taining to, or affected with, hypinosis.

hypisotonic (hip-is-o-ton'-ik). See hypoisotonic.

hypisotonicity (hip-is-o-ton-is'-it-e) . The quality-
of having a diminished saline percentage.

hypnacetin (hip-nas'-et-in), C . EUCO-NH-CeHU-
OCH3-CO-C6H5. Acetophenonacetylparaamidophe-
nol ether. It is hypnotic and antiseptic. Dose 3-4.
gr. (0.2-0.25 Gm.). Syn., hypnoacetin.

hypnagogic (hip-nag-oj'-ik) [Cxws sleep; £70)765 ,.
leadingj. 1. Inducing sleep; pertaining to the incep-
tion of sleep. 2. Induced by sleep.

hypnagogue (hip'-nag-og) [871-1/05, sleep; &7C070S,.
leading]. Hypnotic.

hypnal (hip'-nal) [inrvos, sleep]. A drug composed,
of antipyrin and chloral hydrate and used as a_
hypnotic. _ Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.).

hypnal gia (hip-nal'-je-ah) [inrvos, sleep; 0X705,.
pain]. Pain recurring during sleep.

hypnepagogue (hip-nep'-ag-og) [virvosi sleep; iira-
70760-, enticing]. A medicine that induces sleep; am
hypnotic.

hypniater (hip-ne'-a-ter) [vttvos, sleep; larvp, prac-
titioner], A somnambulistic or clairvoyant doctor;,
a hypnotizer or mesmerist.

hypnic (hip'-nik) [vitvikos, producing sleep]-
1. Pertaining to or inducing sleep. 2. An agent-
that induces sleep. .

hypno- (hip-no-) [inrvos, sleep]. A prefix denoting:
relation to sleep or to hypnotism.

hypnobat, or hypnobate (hip' -no-bat) [hypno-?
Paros, walking]. A sleep-walker; somnambulist.

HYPNOBATIA

447

HYPODERMATIC

hypnobatia (Jtip-no-ba'-she-ah) [hypno-; faros,
walking]. Somnambulism.

hypnocyst {hip' -no-sist) [hypno-; kwttis, bladder].
In biology, an encysted unicellular organism not
undergoing sporulation.

hypnogenetic, hypnogenic, hypnogenous {hip-no-
jen-et'-ik, hip-no-jen'-ik, hip-noj' -en-us) [hypno-;
yewav, to produce], i. Producing or inducing sleep.
2. Inducing hypnotism, h. spots, surface-areas of
the body, stimulation of which produces sleep.

hypnography {hip-nog' -ra-fe). Same as hypnology.

hypnolepsy {hip'-no-lep-se) [hypno- ;\ij^ is, seizure].
Excessive or morbid sleepiness; narcolepsy.

hypnology {hip-nol'-o-je) [hypno-; \6yos, science].
The science dealing with sleep or with hypnotism.

hypnone {hip' -non). See acetophenone.

hypnopathy {hip-nop'-ath-e) [hypno-; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Sleep due to a diseased or morbid condition
of the body, brain, or mind; also, narcolepsy; sleepy
disease.

hypnophobia {hip-no-fo'-be-ah) [hypno-; <£6/3os,
fear]. Morbid dread of sleep; also, nightmare or
night-terror.

hypnopompic {hip-no-pomp' -ik) [hypno-; irojiirri, a
procession]. Applied to visions seen at the moment
of awakening from sleep or prior to complete awaken-
ing, as when a dream figure persists in waking life.

hypnopyrine {hip-no-pi' -r en). A proprietary hyp-
notic and antipyretic preparation said to be a chlorine
derivative of quinine. Dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.) 3 or 4
times daily.

hypnoscope {hip'-no-skop) [hypno-; o-icoireZv, to
examine]. An apparatus to determine if a patient is
hypnotized.

hypnosia {hip-no' -ze-ah) [uirws, sleep]. A condi-
tion of morbid drowsiness.

hypnosis {hip-no' -sis) [see hypnosia]. 1. The
condition produced by hypnotizing. 2. The pro-
duction of sleep; also, the gradual approach of sleep.

hypnotherapy {hip-no-ther'-ap-e) [hypno-; dtpaireia,
healing]. _ Hypnotic treatment of disease.

hypnotic {hip-not1 -ik) [hypnosis]. 1. Inducing sleep.
2. Pertaining to hypnotism. 3. A remedy that
causes sleep.

hypnotism {hip' -not-izm) [hypnosis]. A state of
artificial somnambulism or trance, induced in certain
persons by concentrating the gaze on a small object
or on a revolving mirror, or by complete subjection of
their will to that of another, at whose command the
hypnotic state develops. Three stages are described
— the cataleptic, the lethargic, and the somnambu-
listic.

hypnotization {hip-not-iz-a' -shun) [hypnotism]. The
induction of hypnotism.

hypnotize {hip'-not-iz). To bring into a hypnotic
condition.

hypnotoid {hip' -not-oid) [hypno-; elSos, form].
Resembling hypnotism.

hypnoval {hip'-no-val). Amido-chloral-bromo-iso-
valerate; said to be a hypnotic.

hypo {hi'-po). 1. A common abbreviation of
hypochondriasis. 2. Sodium thiosulphite.

hypo- {hi-po-) [viro, under]. A prefix denoting:
1. Deficiency or lack. 2. Below or beneath, opposed
to epi-, upon. 3. Of acids and salts, denoting those
having a smaller number of atoms of oxygen than
other compounds of the same elements.

hypoacidity {hi-po-as-id'-it-e). See hypacidity.

hypoactivity {hi-po-ak-tiv'-it-e). Diminished ac-
tivity.

hypoalonemia {hi-po-al-o-ne'-me-ah) [hypo-; &\s,
salt; alfia, blood]. A deficiency of the salts of the
blood.

hypoazoturia {hi-po-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [hypo-; azoturia].
A diminished amount of urea in the urine.

hypoblast {hi'-po-blast) [hypo-; /SXootos, sprout].
The internal layer of the blastoderm, also called the
endoderm, endoblast, or entoderm. From it is
developed the intestinal epithelium (except that of
the mouth and anus) and that of the glands opening
into the intestine, and the epithelium of the air-
passages.

hypoblastic {hi-po-blas'-tik). Pertaining to the
hypoblast.

hypoblepharon {hi-po-blef'-ar-on) [hypo-; fi\k<t>a.pov,
lid]. 1. An artificial eye. 2. A swelling under the
eyelid.

hypobromite {hi-po-bro'-mit) [hypo-; 0po>fios,
stench]. A salt of hypobromous acid. h. method,
a method of estimating the quantity of urea in urine,

based upon the fact that when urea is acted upon
by sodium hypobromite it is decomposed into nitro-
gen, carbon dioxide, and water. From the volume
of nitrogen evolved the quantity of urea can be
determined.

hypobulia {hi-po-bu'-le-ah) [hypo-; /3ouXi7, will].
Deficiency of will-power.

hypocardia {hi-po-kar'-de-ah) [hypo-; KapUa, heart].
Downward displacement of the heart.

hypocatalepsis {hi-po-kat-al-ep' -sis) [hypo-; Kara,
down; XafiPapeiv, to seize]. Slight catalepsy, or
epilepsy.

hypocatharsis {hi-po-kath-ar'-sis) [hypo-; KaBalpt\.vy
to purge]. A gentle purgation.

hypocelom, hypocoelom {hi-po-se' -lorn) [hypo-;
KoiXuna, a cavity]. The ventral part of the celom.

hypochlorhydria {hi-po-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [hypo- ;
xXwpos, green; &5wp, water]. A condition in which
there is a diminished amount of hydrochloric acid
in the gastric juice.

hypochlorite {hi-po-klo'-rit) [hypo-; xXwpos, green].
Any salt of hypochlorous acid, HCIO. The most
important are those of calcium and sodium.

hypochlorization {hi-po-klo-riz-a'-shun). A method
of treating epilepsy and nephritis by reduction of the
sodium chloride consumed by the patient to one-
half.

hypocholesteremia {hi-po-ko-les-ter-e'-me-ah) [hy-
po-; xoXt), bile; oreap, fat; aZfia, blood]. Decrease or
deficiency of the cholesterin of the blood.

hypochondria {hi-po-kon'-dre-ah) [hypo-; xpbvSpos*
cartilage]. 1. The regions below the costal arches
on either side. 2. Same as hypochondriasis.

hypochondriac {hi-po-kon'-dre-ak) [hypochondrium].
1. Pertaining to the hypochondrium. 2. A person
who is affected with hypochondriasis.

hypochondriasis {hi-po-kon-dri'-as-is) [hypochon-
drium]. A condition in which the patient believes
himself suffering from grave bodily diseases.

hypochondrium {hi-po-kon'-dre-um) [hypo- ; xpwSpos*
cartilage]. The upper lateral region of the abdomen
beneath the lower ribs.

hypochromatemia {hi-po-kro-mat-e'-me-ah) [hypo-;
XP&m, color; alp.a, blood]. Deficiency of the coloring-
matter of the blood.

hypochromatic {hi-po-kro-mat'-ik) [hypo-; xp&na-r
color]. Deficient in coloring-matter.

hypochromatism {hi-po-kro'-mat-izm) [hypo-; chro-
matin]. Deficiency of chromatin in the nucleus of a
cell.

hypochromatosis {hi-po-kro-mat-o'-sis). The patho-
logical diminution of the chromatin in a cell-nucleus

hypochromemia {hi-po-kro-me'-me-ah) [hypo-;
xpco/m, color; alua, blood]. Anemia with an abnorm-
ally low color index.

hypochromia {hi-po-kro'-me-ah) [hypo-; xp«mq*
color]. Abnormal pallor or transparency of the
skin, occurring in certain skin-diseases.

hypochrosis {hi-po-kro'-sis) [hypo-; xp«<^s, color-
ing]. Abnormal paleness: lack of normal coloration.

hypochylia {hi-po-ki'-le-ah) [hypo-; x^Xos, juice].
Deficiency of secretion; deficiency of chyle.

hypochyma {hi-po-ki'-mah) [hypo-; x^eiv, to pour].
An old name for cataract.

hypocinesia, hypocinesis {hi-po-sin-e' -ze-ah, -e'-sis).
See hypokinesis.

hypoclysis {hip-ok'-lis-is) [hypo-; kXuo>i6s, a clys-
ter]. The administration of an enema.

hypocratous {hip-ok'-rat-us) [hypo-; kp&tos+
strength]. Lacking in strength.

hypocrinia {hip-o-krin'-e-ah) [hypo-; uplveiv, to-
separate]. Deficiency of secretion.

hypocyrtosis {hi-po-sir-to'-sis) [hypo-; KvpToxns>
curvature]. A slight amount of curvature.

hypocystotomy {hi-po-sis-tot' -o-me) [hypo-; kvotis^
bladder; rop-j, a cut]. Perineal cystotomy.

hypocytosis {hi-po-si-to' -sis) [hypo-; kvt&s, cell].
Diminution of the number of blood-corpuscles.

hypoderm {hi'-po-derm) [hypo-; Skp^a, skin].
1. Subcutaneous tissue. 2. A hypodermatic injec-
tion. 3. In biology, applied to the epithelial mem-
brane lining the cuticular, crustaceous, or chitinous-
investment of arthropods; also called hypodermis.

hypoderma {hi-po-der'-mah) [hypo-; 8ipp.a, skin].
In biology: 1. A layer of cells, usually collenchyma,
just beneath the epidermis of a leaf or stem. 2. A.
genus of dipterous insects, the bot-flies.

hypodermatic, hypodermic {hi-po-der-mat'-ik, hi-po-
der'-mik) [hypo-; 6epp.a, skin]. Placed or intro-
duced beneath the skin, as hypodermatic injection.

HYPODERMATOCLYSIS

448

HYPOMESOSOMA

hypodermatoclysis, hypodermoclysis (hi-po-der-
mat-ok'-lis-is, hi-po-der-mok'-lis-is) [hypodermatic;
Khbffis, injection]. The introduction into the sub-
cutaneous tissues of large quantities of fluids, espe-
cially of normal saline solution.

hypodermatomy Qii-po-der-mat'-o-me) [hypo-; bkpp.a,
skin; rkp.vnv, to cut]. Subcutaneous surgical sec-
tion of parts.

hypodermotherapy (hi-po-der-mo-ther'-ap-e) [hypo-;
bkpixa, skin; depaweia, therapy]. Subcutaneous medi-
cation.

hypodicrotous (hi-po-dik'-ro-tus) [hypo-; SUporos,
double beat]. Dicrotic in a small degree.

hypodipsia (hip-o-dip'-se-ah) [hypo-; 8tyis, drink-
ing]. The drinking of too little water or fluid.

hypodynamic (hi-po-di-nam'-ik). See adynamic.

hypodynia Qii-po-din'-e-ah) [hypo-; dSiwij, pain].
Slight or trifling pain.

hypoemia (hi-po-e' -me-ah) [hypo-; alp,a, blood].
Insufficiency of blood.

hypoendocrinism (hi-po-en-dok'-rin-izm) [hypo-;
ivbbv, within: npivuv, to separate], Deficiency of in-
ternal secretion.

hypoeosinophilia (hi-po-e-o-sin-o-fil'-e-ah). De-
crease in the number of eosinophil leukocytes in the
blood.

hypoepinephry (hi-po-ep-e-nef'-re) [hypo-; tin,
upon; ve<j>pos, kidney]. Insufficiency of the adrenal
secretion.

hypoerythrocythemia (hi-po-er-ith-ro-si-the' '-me-ah)
[hypo-; ipvdpos, red; kvtos, cell; alp.a, blood]. De-
ficiency in the normal number of red corpuscles in
the blood.

hypoesophoria (hi-po-es-o-fo'-re-ah) [hypo-; eso-
phoria]. A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to
deviate downward and inward.

hypoexophoria (hi-po-eks-o-fo'-re-ah) [hypo-; exo-
phoria]. A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to
deviate downward and outward.

hypof unction (hi-po-funk'-shun). Insufficiency of
function.

hypogastralgia Qii-po-gas-tral'-je-ah) [hypo- ; yaarrip,
Stomach; &\7os, pain]. Pain in the hypogastrium.

hypogastrectasia, hypogastrectasis (hi-po-gas-trek-
ta'-ze-ah, -trek' -ta-sis) [hypogastrium; hi.Ta.avi, stretch-
ing]. Dilatation of the hypogastrium.

hypogastric (hi-po-gas'-trik) [hypogastrium]. Per-
taining to the hypogastrium. h. artery, same as in-
ternal iliac artery; see under artery, h. plexus, a
sympathetic nerve-plexus in the pelvis, h. region,
the hypogastrium.

hypogastrium. (hi-po-gas'-tre-um) [hypo-; yaarijp,
the belly]. The lower median anterior region of the
abdomen.

hypogastrocele (hi-po-gas'-tro-sel) [hypo-; yaarrip,
stomach; k7]\ti, hernia]. A hernia in the hypogastric
region.

hypogastrodidymus (hi-po-gas-tro-did'-im-us) [hy-
po-; under; yaaryp, stomach; 8Lovp.os, twin]. A
double monstrosity in which the two fetuses are united
at the hypogastrium.

hypogastrohemia (hi-po-gas-tro-he' -me-ah) [hypo-;
yaarrip, stomach; alpa, blood]. Hemorrhage in the
hypogastrium.

hypogastropagus (hi-po-gas-trop'-ag-us) [hypogastri-
um ; w&yos, anything solid]. A genus of twin monsters
characterized by having the union in the region of
the hypogastrium.

hypogastrorrhagia (hi-po-gas-tror-a'-je-ah). Same
as hypogastrohemia.

hypogastrorrhea (hi-po-gas-tror-e'-ah) [hypo- ;
yaar-qp, stomach; fata, a flow]. A slight amount of
gastrorrhea.

hypogastrorrhexis (hi-po-gas-tror-eks'-is) [hypo-;
yaarrjp, stomach; /^is, rupture]. Eventration.

hypogenesis (hi-po-jen'-es-is) [hypo-; ykveais,
production, generation]. In biology, direct develop-
ment, without alternation of generations.

hypogenous (hi-poj'-en-us) [hypo-; yevris, pro-
duced]. In biology, growing below the surface or on
the under side.

hypogeusia (hi-po-gil'-se-ah) [hypo-; ytvais, taste].
Diminution in the sense of taste.

hypogigantosoma (hi-po-ji-gant-o-so'-ma) [hypo- ;
ylyas, large; cw/za, body]. A condition of great physi-
cal development not amounting to true gigantism.

hypoglobulia (hi-po-glob-u'-le-ah). See oligocythemia.

hypoglossal (hi-po-glos'-al) [see hypoglossus]. Situ-
ated under the tongue, h. nerve. See under nerve.
h. nucleus. See nucleus..

hypoglossiadenitis (hi-po-glos-e-ad-en-i'-tis) [hypo-;
y\u><ro-a, tongue; aorjv, gland; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the sublingual gland.

hypoglossis (hi-po-glos'-is). See hypoglottis.

hypoglossitis (hi-po-glos-i'-tis) [hypo-; y\S)<r<ra,
tongue; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissue under the tongue.

hypoglossus (hi-po-glos'-us) [hypo-; y\Ssaaa,
tongue]. The hypoglossal nerve.

hypoglottis Qti-po-glot'-is) [see hypoglossus]. i. The
under part of the tongue. 2. A swelling at the
under part of the tongue, as a ranula.

hypoglucosic (hi-po-gloo-ko'-sik) . A term applied to
any diabetic diet containing an amount of carbo-
hydrates lower than the patient's tolerance.

hypoglycemia (hi-po-gli-se' -me-ah) [hypo-; y\vKvs,
sweet; alua, blood]. Deficiency of sugar in the blood.

hypognathadenitis (hi-pog-nath-ad-en-i'-tis) [hypo-;
yvbfios, jaw; aofy, gland; ins, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the submaxillary gland.

hypognathous (hi-pog'-na-thus) [see hypognathus].
Having the lower mandible longer than the upper.

hypognathus (hi-pog'-na-thus) [hypo-; yvft&os, jaw].
A double monstrosity in which the parasite is at-
tached to the inferior maxillary bone.

hypohaemia Qii-po-he' -me-ah). See hypohemia.

hypohematosis (hi-po-hem-at-o' -sis) [hypo-; alp.a,
blood]. A diseased condition marked by hyphemia,
or deficiency in the amount of blood; also, the pro-
duction, or process of inducing such a condition.

hypohemia Qii-po-he' -me-ah). An extravasation
of blood in the eye.

hypohemoglobinemia (hi-po-hem-o-glob-in-e' -me-
ah). See oligochromemia.

hypohepatic (hi-po-hep-at'-ik). Relating to hepatic
insufficiency.

hypohidrosis (hi-po-hid-ro'-sis) [hypo-; tbpavvs,
sweating]. Scanty perspiration.

hypohydremia (hi-po-hi-dre' -me-ah) [hypo-; v8up,
water; alp.a, blood]. Deficiency of water in the
blood.

hypohyloma (hi-po-hi-lo'-mah). See under hyloma.

hypohypnosis (hi-po-hip-no'-sis) [hypo-; Zirvos,
sleep]. Imperfect or partial sleep.

hypoinosemia (hi-po-in-o-se' -me-ah) [hypo-; is,
fiber; alua, blood]. Decrease in the tendency to the
formation of fibrin in the blood.

hypoisotonic (hi-po-is-o-ton'-ik) [hypo-; isotonic].
Applied to a solution the osmotic pressure of which
is lower than blood-plasma or some other solution
taken as a standard.

hypokinesia, hypokinesis (hi-po-kin-e'-ze-(ih, hi-po-
kin-e'-sis) [hypo-; kIviio-vs, motion]. Deficiency in
motor reaction under stimulation.

hypolepidoma (hi-po-lep-id-o'-mah). See under
lepidoma.

hypoleukocythemia (hi-po-lu-ko-si-the' -me-ah) [hy-
po-; Xewc6s, white; kStos, a cell; alp.a, blood]. De-
ficiency of white corpuscles in the blood.

hypoleukocytosis (hi-po-lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [hypo-; leu-
kocyte]. A diminution of the number of leukocytes
in the blood.

hypolipemia (hi-po-lip-e'-me-ah) [hypo-; \l1r0s, fat;
alfia, blood]. Deficiency of fat in the blood.

hypoliposis (hi-po-lip-o'-sis). A deficiency of fat-
splitting ferment (lipase) in the blood-^erum. Cf.
hyperliposis.

hypologia (hi-po-lo'-je-ah) [hypo-; \6yos, work].
Poverty of speech as a symptom of cerebral disease.

hypolympha Qii-po-lim'-fah) [hypo-; lympha, water].
An extravasation of plastic lymph into the anterior
chamber of the eye.

hypolymphia (hi-po-lim'-fe-ah). Insufficiency of
lymph.

hypomania (hi-po-ma'-ne-ah) [hypo-; p.avla, mad-
ness]. A moderate degree of maniacal exaltation.

hypomastia, hypomazia (hi-po-mas'-te-ah, hi-po-
ma'-ze-ah) [hypo-; fiaa-rSs, the breast]. Abnormal
smallness of the mammary gland.

hypomegasoma (hi-po-meg-as-o'-mah) [hypo-; (iky as,
great; <rw/ia, body]. A tall stature, but quite below
gigantism. Cf. megasoma.

hypomelancholia (hi-po-mel-an-ko'-le-ah) [hypo- ;
melancholia]. Moderate melancholia; melancholia
without delusions.

hypomenous (hi-pom'-en-us) [hypo-; n'eveiv, to
remain]. Same as hypogenous.

hypomesosoma (hi-po-mes-o-so'-ma) [hypo-; neaos,
middle; ov>p.a, body]. A stature slightly below the
medium.

HYPOMETROPIA

449

HYPOTONIA

hypometropia (hi-po-me-tro'-pe-ah) [hypo-; fierpov,
a measure; &$, vision]. Myopia.

hypomicrone (hi-po-mik'-ron) [hypo-; tnicrone]. A
particle capable of being recognized by the ultra-
microscope, but not by the ordinary microscope.

hypomicrosoma (hi-po-mik-ro-so'-mah) [hypo-; m-
Kpos, small; a&fia, body]. The lowest stature
which is not dwarfism.

hypomoria (hi-po-mo'-re-ah) [hypo-; /xwpia, folly].
Slight mental disorder.

hypomyosthenia Qii-po-mi-os-the'-ne-ah) [hypo- ;
nvs, muscle; adevos, strength]. Deficiency in muscu-
lar power.

hypomyotonia (hi-po-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [[hypo-; fivs,
muscle; twos, tone]. Deficiency in muscular
tonicity.

hyponanosoma Qii-po-nan-o-so'-mah) [hypo-; row,
dwarf; aibfia, body]. Extreme dwarfishness.

hyponeuria (hi-po-nu'-re-ah) [hypo-; vevpov, nerve].
Slight or diminished nerve-power.

hyponoetic (hi-po-no-et'-ik) [hypo-; v6i]ti.kos,
understanding]. Under the control of the will.

hyponomous (hi-pon-o'-mus) [hypo-; vkfieiv, tto
feed] . Spreading or eating below the surface ; applied
to certain ulcers, etc.

hyponychium (Jti-pon-ik'-e-um). See nail-bed.

hypoparathyreosis (hi-po-par-ah-thi-re-o'-sis). A
pathological state brought about by partial loss or
insufficiency of parathyroid tissue.

hypopepsia (Jii-po-pep'-se-ah) [hypo-; irhf^ts, diges-
tion]. Subnormal digestive power.

hypopepsinia (hi-po-pep-sin'-e-ah). Diminution in
the amount of pepsin secreted by the stomach.

hypophoria (hi-po-fo'-re-ah) [hypo-; <popfc, tending].
A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to deviate
below that of the other

hypophosphite (hi-po-fos'-fit) [hypo-; phosphorus].
A salt of hypophosphorous acid. Those of calcium,
iron, manganese, potassium, and sodium are official.
h.s; emulsion of cod-liver oil with (emulsum olei
morrhucB cum hypophosphitibus, U. S. P.), an emulsion
made of cod-liver oil, acacia, calcium, potassium,
and sodium hypophosphites, syrup, oil of gaultheria,
and water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). h.s, syrup of (syru-
pus hypophosphitum, U. S. P.), contains calcium,
potassium, and sodium hypophosphites. Dose 2 dr.
(8 Cc). h.s, syrup of, compound (syrupus hypo-
phosphitum compositus, U. S. P.), contains five hypo-
phosphites, hypophosphorous acid, quinine, and
strychnine. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). Both syrups are
used in wasting diseases, in scrofula, rickets, etc.

hypophosphorous acid (hi-po-fos-for'-us). See acid,
hypophosphorous. h. acid, dilute (acidum hypo-
phosphorosum dilutum, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min.
(0.65-2.0 Cc).

hypophrasia (hi-po-fra'-ze-ah) [hypo-; <f>pa<ns,
phrase, utterance]. M eagerness or poverty of
speech, as a sign of cerebral disease.

hypophrenic (hi-po-fren'-ik). See subdiaphrag-
matic.

hypophysectomy (hi-pof-is-ek'-to-me) [hypophysis;
£KTOfj.r), excision]. Surgical removal of the hypo-
physis cerebri or pituitary body.

hypophysemia (hi-po-fi-se'-me-ah) [hypo-; <f>vo-a, air;
alfia, blood]. Deficiency of gaseous elements in the
blood.

hypophysin (hi-pof'-is-in). An organotherapeutic
remedy from the hypophysis of the ox. It is used
as an adjuvant to iodothyrin in the treatment of
akromegaly. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) several
times daily.

hypophysis (hi-pof'-is-is) [hypo-; <pveiv, to grow].
An outgrowth, h. cerebri, the pituitary body.

hypopituitarism (hi-po-pit-u'-it-ar-izm). A condi-
tion due to decreased activity of the pituitary body,
and marked by increase of fat, atrophy of the genitals,
and loss of sexual power.

hypoplasia (hi-po-pla'-ze-ah) [hypo-; irXdo-trew, to
mold]. Defective development of any organ or
tissue.

hypoplasty {hi'-po-plas-te) [hypo-; ir\a<raeiv, to
form]. Diminished formative power.

hypopraxia {hi-po-praks'-e-ah) [hypo-; 7rpa£tj,
doing]. Inactivity; listlessness; inefficiency as a
sign or result of cerebral disorder.

hypopselaphesia (hi-pop-sel-af-e'-ze-ah) [hypo- ;
^rj\64>r}ais, touch]. Diminution of sensitiveness to
tactile impressions.

hypoptyalism {hi-pop-ti'-al-izm) [hypo-; ptyalism],
A mild or slight ptyalism.

hypopyon (hi-po'-pe-on) [hypo-; irvov, pus]. A
collection of pus in the anterior chamber of the
eye.

hypoquebrachine (hi-po-kweb'-rak-en) [hypo-; que-
bracho], C21H26N2O2. An alkaloid of quebracho,
occurring in yellow masses, melting at about 8o° C,
and soluble in alcohol and ether.

hypoquinidol (hi-po-kwin'-id-ol). A proprietary
preparation of quinine and phosphorus.

hyporrhea (Jti-por-e'-ah) [hypo-; pdv, to flow]. A
slight hemorrhage.

hyposarca {hi-po-sark'-ah). See anasarca.

hyposcheotomy Qii-pos-ke-ot'-o-me) [hypo-; bcx*>v,
scrotum; rkp-vuv, to cut]. The surgical puncturing
of a hydrocele at the lower part of the tunica vaginalis.

hyposialadenitis {hi-po-si-al-ad-en-i'-tis) [hypo- ;
a-laXov, saliva; 6.8-hv, a gland]. Inflammation of the
submaxillary salivary gland.

hyposmia Qii-poz'-me-ah) [hypo-; b<rp.r\, smell].
Diminution of the sense of smell.

hypospadia, hypospadias (hi-po-spa'-de-ah, hi-po-
spa'-de-as) [hypo-; airav, to draw]. A condition in
which the urethra opens upon the under surface of
the penis.

hyposphyxia (hi-po-sfik'-se-ah) [hypo-; <T<f>i>£is, pulse].
Diminished blood pressure with venous stasis and
general circulatory sluggishness.

hypostaphylitis (hi-po-staf-il-i'-lis) [hypo-; ara<pv\U,
uvula; ins, inflammation]. Slight inflammation of
the uvula.

hypostasis (hi-pos'-tas-is) [hypo-; stasis]. 1. Feces.
2. A settling; also, the sediment. 3. Deposit.
4. The settling of blood in the dependent parts of
the body.

hypostatic (hi-po-stat'-ik) [see hypostasis]. Due
to, or of the nature of, hypostasis, h. congestion.
See hypostasis (2). h. pneumonia. See pneumonia,
hypostatic.

hyposthenia (hi-po-sthe'-ne-ah) [hypo-; aBkvos,
strength]. Weakness; subnormal strength.

hypostheniant (hi-po-sthe'-ne-ant) [hyposthenia].
Reducing the strength; lowering the vital forces.

hyposthenic (hi-po-stben' -ik) [hyposthenia]. 1.
Tendency to, or characterized by, hyposthenia;
applied to diseases that are more than ordinarily
enfeebling. 2. A medicine that reduces the action
of the heart without affecting its rhythm.

hyposthenuria (hi-po-sthen-u'-re-ah) [hyposthenia;
ovpov, urine]. 1. Suppression of the urine from
inability of the kidney to eliminate. 2. Diminution
of solids in the urine.

hypostyptic (hi-po-stip'-tik) [hypo-; vtvtttlkos,
astringent]. 1. Moderately or mildly styptic. 2. A
mildly styptic medicine.

hyposynergia (hi-po-sin-er'-je-ah) [hypo-; awepyia,
cooperation]. Defective coordination.

hyposystole {hi-po-sis'-to-le) [hypo-; systole]. De-
ficiency of the cardiac systole.

hypotaxia (hi-po-taks'-e-ah) [hypo-; T<i|ts, arrange-
ment]. A condition of weakened or imperfect co-
ordination.

hypotension (hi-po-ten'-shun) [hypo-; tensio, a
stretching]. Diminished or abnormally low tension;
hypotonia.

hypothalamus {hi-po-thaV -am-us) [hypo-; OaXa/jtos,
thalamus]. A group of prominences and aggrega-
tions of ganglia lying on the ventral side beneath the
thalamus. Syn., subthalamus.

hypothenar (hi-poth'-en-ar) [hypo-; devap, palm].
The fleshy eminence on the palm of the hand over
the metacarpal bone of the little finger. Also, the
prominences on the palm at the base of the fingers.

hypothermal (hi-po-ther'-mal) [see hypothermia].
Slightly hot; tepid.

hypothermia, hypothermy {hi-po-ther'-me-ah, hi-po-
ther'-me) [hypo-; Oepp.y, heat]. Subnormal tempera-
ture ; deficiency in the heat of the body.

hypothesis (hi-poth'-es-is) [hypo-; 0«ris, a position].
A supposition set forth for discussion or demonstra-
tion. A theory assumed as true.

hypothyreosis, hypothyroidation, hypothyroidea,
hypothyroidism. Deficient functional activity of the
thyroid gland.

hypothyroidism (hi-po-thi'-roid-izm). A morbid
condition attributed to deficient activity of the
thyroid gland.

hypothyrosis Qti-po-thi-ro' -sis) . Reduced func-
tional activity of the thyroid gland.

hypotonia, hypotonus (hi-po-to'-ne-ah, hi-pot'-o-
nus) [hypo-; rbvos, tension]. Decrease of normal

HYPOTONIC

450

HYSTERODYNIA

tonicity or tension; especially diminution of intra-
ocular pressure.

hypotonic (hi-po-lon'-ik). i. Below the normal
strength or tension. 2. Less than isotonic.

hypotoxicity (hi-po-toks-is'-it-e) [hypo-; to£lk6v,
poison]. A reduced toxicity.

hypotrichosis (hip-o-trik-o'-sis) [hypo-; 0pl£, hair].
A rare congenital anomaly, of entire absence of hair
or growth delayed beyond the normal time.

hypotrophy (hi-pol'-ro-fe) [hypo-; rpkcpeiv, to
nourish]. Defective nutrition.

hypotympanic (hi-po-tim-pan'-ik). Located be-
neath the tympanum.

hypouremia (hi-po-u-re'-mc-ah) [hypo-; ovpov,
urine; alfia, blood]. Diminution of the urea normally
present in the blood.

hypourocrinia (hi-po-il-ro-krin'-e-ah) [hypo-; ovpov,
urine; Kpiveiv, to separate]. A deficient or too
scanty secretion of urine.

hypovenosity (hi-po-ven-os'-it-e) [hypo-; venosus,
venous]. A condition in which there is incomplete
development of the venous system in a given area,
resulting in atrophy and degeneration in the muscles.

hypoxanthine (hi-po-zan'-thin) [hypo-; xanthin],
C5H4N4O. A nonpoisonous leukomaine. It occurs,
accompanying adenin and guanin, in nearly all the
animal tissues and organs rich in nucleated cells. In
minute quantities it is a normal constituent of urine.
It has also been found in plants, seeds, ferments, and
wines. It is a crystalline body, soluble in cold and
boiling water, insoluble in cold alcohol or ether.
Hypoxanthine appears to be one of the products
formed by the decomposition and successive oxida-
tion of proteid matter previous to the formation
of uric acid and urea. It is produced from adenin by
the action of nitrous acid. Syn., sarcine. h., test
for. See Kossel's test for hypoxanthine.

hypoxemia (hi-poks-e'-me-ah) [hypo-; oxygen;
alfia, blood]. Insufficient oxygenation of the blood.

hypsicephalic (hip-sis-ef-al'-ik) [tn//i, high; ne<i>a\ri,
head]. Having a skull with a cranial index over
75.1°.

hypsicephaly (hip-sis-ef'-M-e) [v\pt, on high; Ke<j>a\r),
head]. The condition of a skull with a cranial index
of over 7S.i°.

hypsiloid (hip'-sil-oid) [viraihov, the Greek letter v, u;
elSos, resemblance]. Hyoid.

hypsistenocephalic (hip-sist-en-o-sef-al'-ik). See
hypsicephalic.

hypsocephalic, hypsocephalous (Jtip-so-sef-al'-ik,
-us]). See hypsicephalic.

hypsocephaly (hip-so-sef'-al-e). See hypsicephaly.

hypsonosus (hip-son' -o-sus) [v\pos, height; voo-os,
illness]. Mountain-sickness; balloon-sickness; char-
acterized by nausea, headache, epistaxis, etc.

hypsophobia (hip-so-fo'-be-ah) [fyos, height; <£6/Sos,
fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height;
aerophobia.

hypsopisthius (hip-so-pis'-the-us) [v\pi, on high;
birioBiov, occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in
which the angle included between the radius fixus
and the line joining the hormion and lambda is
between 33° and 410.

hypurgia, hypurgesis (hi-pur'-je-ah, hi-pur-je'-sis)
[virovpyia, vvovpyria-is]. Medical attendance.

hypurgic, hypurgous {hi-pur'-jik, hi-pur'-jus).
Helping, aiding, administering.

hyrgol, hyrgolum (hur'-gol, hur'-gol-um). Col-
loidal mercury, an allotropic form of solid mercury.

Hyrl's anastomosis or loop [Joseph Hyrtl, Austrian
atanomist, i8ii-i8q4]- The transection of two
arteries. Syn., dehiscentia decussantium. H.'s sphincter.
See Nelaton's sphincter.

hyssop (his'-op) [yaauiros, an aromatic plant]. The
leaves and tops of Hyssopus officinalis, an aromatic
stimulant, carminative, and tonic, employed in
chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract. Dose of
the fluid 'extract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

hyster- (his-ter-) [varkpa, uterus]. Prefix sig-
nifying relation to the uterus or to hysteria.

hystera (his'-ter-ah) [varkpa, womb]. The uterus
or womb.

hysteralgia (his-ter-al'-je-ah) [hyster-; &X70S, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the uterus.

hysteranesis (his-ter-an'-es-is) [hyster-; ave<ns,
relaxation]. Relaxation and atony of the uterus.

hysteratresia (his-ter -at-re'-ze-ah) [hyster-; arperos,
imperforate]. An imperforate or impervious con-
dition of the mouth of the womb.

hysterauxesis (his-ier-awks-e'.-sis) [hyster-; av£ri<ns,

enlargement]. Enlargement of the uterus, normal
(as in pregnancy) or abnormal.

hysterectomy (his-ter-ek'-to-me) [hyster-; ticro/ir), a
cutting out]. Excision of the uterus through the
abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy) or the vagina
(vaginal hysterectomy).

hysteredema, hysteroedema (his-ter-e-de'-mah) [hys-
ter-; oldrina, edema]. Edema of the womb-substance.

hysterelcosis (his-ter-el-ko'-sis) [hyster-; eXxwais,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the uterus.

hysteremphysema (his-ter-em-fiz-e'-mah). See
physometra.

hysterergia (his-ter-ur'-je-ah) [uorepos, later;
epyovi work]. The after-results of a remedy or
method of treatment.

hysteria (his-te'-re-ah) [varepa, womb, from the
ancient belief that the condition depended upon
uterine disease]. A diseased state of the mind
manifesting itself in countless disturbances of the
psychic, sensory, motor, and vasomotor functions.
The etiology is not definitely known; heredity and
mental shock play an important part. All ages and
both sexes are subject to the disease, but it is most
common in young women. The psychic disturbances
consist in increased irritability, tendency to exag-
geration, a heightened imagination, hallucinations,
and somnambulistic and hypnotic states'. Among
sensory symptoms are various neuralgias, as clavus,
hemicrania, and coccygodynia; anesthesias; hyper-
esthesias; diminution of the visual field; diplopia;
deafness; loss of the sense of taste, etc. The motor
symptoms comprise paralyses and contractures of the
limbs, tremor, convulsions, catalepsy, aphonia, etc.
The chief vasomotor phenomena are cyanosis, cutane-
ous hemorrhages, and edema. In addition to these
symptoms many others are at times noted, as anor-
exia, vomiting, salivation, polyuria, anuria, etc.
h. major, hysteroepilepsy. h. minor, a mild form of
the disease.

hysteric, hysterical (his-ter' -ik, his-ter' -ik-al).
Pertaining to hysteria, h. ataxia, a hysterical state
marked by loss of sensation in the skin and in the
leg muscles, h. chorea, a form of hystetia with
choreiform movements.

hystericism (his-ter' -is-izm) [hyster-]. The hys-
terical diathesis or temperament; proneness to the
exhibition of hysterical symptoms.

hystericoneuralgic (his-ter-ik-o-nil-ral'-jik). Like
neuralgia but of hysterical origin.

hysterics (his-ter' -iks). A popular term for the
hysterical attack.

hysteriencephalitis (his-ter-e-en-sef-al-i'-iis) [hys-
ter-; iyne<f>a\ov, brain; ins, inflammation]. Encepha-
litis and meningitis following repeated attacks of
hysteria.

hysteritis (his-ter-i'-tis). See metritis.

hystero- (his'-ter-o-) [vcrrepa, uterus]. A prefix
signifying relation to the uterus, or to hysteria.

hysterobubonocele (his-ter -o-bu-bon'-o-s el) [hys-
tero-; fiovfi(avoK-i)\r), an inguinal hernia]. An inguinal
hysterocele.

hysterocatalepsy (his-ter-o-kat'-al-ep-se) [hystero-;
catalepsy], A form of hysteria accompanied by
catalepsy.

hysterocele (his'-ter-o-sel) [hystero-; K17X17, hernia].
A hernia containing all or part of the uterus.

hysterocleisis (his-ter-o-kli'-sis) [hystero-; <cXeI<ri$,
closure]. The closure of the uterus by suturing the
edges of the os.

hysterocyesis (his-ter-o-si-e'-sis) [hystero-; nvrjo-is,
pregnancy]. Uterine pregnancy.

hysterocystic (his-ter-o-sist'-ik) [hystero-; kvctvs,
the bladder]. Relating to the uterus and bladder.

hysterocystocele (his-ter-o-sis'-to-sel) [hystero-;
kvotis, bladder; Kr)\ri, hernia]. Hysterocele compli-
cated by cystocele; hernia of the womb and the
bladder, or parts of them.

hysterocystocleisis (his-ter-o-sist-o-kli'-sis) [hys-
tero-; kvotvs, bladder; xXeiais, closure]. Boze-
man's operation for relief of vesicouterovaginal fistula,
consisting in turning the cervix uteri into the bladder
and suturing it.

hysterocystopexy (his-ter-o-sist'-o-peks-e). See ven-
trovesicofixation.

hysterodynamometer (his-ter-o-din-am-om'-et-er)
[hystero-; Swafiis, power; ukrpov, a measure]. An
apparatus to record the number, intensity, and
variations of uterine contractions.

hysterodynia (his-ter -o-din'-e-ah) [hystero-; odwrj,
pain]. Pain in the womb.

HYSTEROEPILEPSY

451

HYTHER

hysteroepilepsy (his-ter-o-ep'-e-lep-se) [hystero-;
epilepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied by con-
vulsions resembling those of epilepsy.

hysteroepileptogenous {his'-ter-o-ep-il-ep-toj'-en-us)
[hystero-; epilepsy; yewav, to produce]. Producing
hysterical epilepsy.

hysterofrenic (his-ter-o-fren'-ik) [hysteria; frcenum,
a curb]. Capable of checking an attack of hysteria;
opposed to hysterogenic.

hysterogastrorrhaphy (his-ter-o-gas-tror'-af-e). See
hysteropexy.

hysterogenic, hysterogenous (his-ter-o-jen'-ik, his-
ter-oj'-en-us) [hystero-; yewav, to beget]. Causing
or producing a hysterical attack, as hysterogenic zones,
certain regions pressure upon which excites a hyster-
ical paroxysm.

hysterogeny (his-ter-oj'-en-e) [hystero-; ytwav, to
produce]. The induction of the hysterical state or
paroxysm.

hysteroid (his'-ter-oid) [hystero-; elSos, like]. I. Re-
sembling hysteria. 2. Pertaining to hystero-epilepsy.

hysterokataphraxis (his-ter-o-kat-ah-fraks'-is) [hys-
tero-; Kara<j>pa.KTvs, a coat of mail]. An operation for
including the uterus within supporting metal struc-
tures as a medium of replacement.

hysterolaparotomy (his-ter-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [hys-
tero-; Xairapa, the abdominal wall; ripveiv, to cut].
Abdominal hysterectomy.

hysterolith (his'-ter-o-lith) [hystero-; \idos, stone].
Calculus or stone in the womb.

hysterolithiasis (his-ter-o-lith-i'-as-is) [hystero-;
Xttitaais, the formation of calculi]. The formation
of hysteroliths.

hysterology (his-ter-ol'-o-je) [hystero-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of
the uterus.

hysteroloxia (his-ter-o-loks'-e-ah) [hystero-; Xo£tos,
oblique]. Oblique displacement or position of the
uterus.

hysterolysis (his-ter-oV-is-is) [hystero-; Xueiv, to
loose]. Severing the attachments of the uterus.
h., vaginal, the operation of detachment of the
uterus first from its posterior adhesions and then
from its anterior adhesions by posterior and anterior
colpotomy and concluding with vaginofixation.

hysteroma (his-ter-o'-mah) . A fibroid tumor of the
uterus.

hysteromalacia (his-ter-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [hystero- ;
naXaicla., softness]. Softening of the tissues of the
womb.

hysteromalacoma (his-ler-o-mal-ak-o'-mah) [hys-
tero-; naXaicos, soft]. Softening of the womb or of
any part of it.

hysteromania (his-ter-o-ma'-ne-ah) [hystero-; pavla,
madness]. Hysterical insanity; also, nymphomania.

hysterometer (his-ter-om'-et-er) [hystero-; pkrpov,
measure]. An instrument for measuring the length
of the intrauterine cavity.

hysterometry (his-ter-om'-et-re) [hystero-; pkrpov,
measure] . The measurement of the size of the uterus.

hysteromyoma (his-ter-o-mi-o'-mah) [hystero-; my-
oma: pi., hysteromyomata]. Myoma or fibro-myoma
of the uterus.

hysteromyomectomy {his-ter-o-mi-o-mek '-to-me)
[hystero-; myoma; tKTopi], excision]. Removal of a
fibroid uterus.

hysteromyotomy (his-ter-o-mi-ot'-o-me) [hystero- ;
pvs, muscle; ri/ivetp, to cut]. Incision into the uterus
for removal or enucleation of a solid tumor.

hysteroncus (his-ter-ong'-kus) [hystero-; 6yxos, a
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the uterus.

hysteroneurasthenia (his-ter-o-nu-ras-tke'-ne-ah)
[hystero-; neurasthenia). 1. Neurasthenia resulting
from womb-disease. 2. The stage where neuras-
thenia ceases and hysteria begins.

hysteroneurosis (his-ter-o-nu-ro'-sis) [hystero-; neu-
rosis]. A reflex neurosis resulting from irritation of
the uterus.

hystero-oophorectomy (his' -ter-o-o-off-or-ek' -to-me)
[hystero-; wcxpopos, egg-bearing; kx.Top.ri, a cutting out].
The surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries
together.

hystero-ovariotomy (his-ler-o-o-va-re-ot'-o-me). See
hystero-oophurectomy.

hysteroparalysis (his-ter-o-par-al'-is-is) [hystero-;
paralysis]. Paralysis or weakness of the walls of the
womb.

hysteropathic (his-ter-o-path'-ik) [hystero-; iraBos,
disease]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, hystero-
pathy.

hysteropathy (his-ter-op'-ath-e) [hystero-; irfflos,
disease]. Any disease or disorder of the uterus.

hysteropexy {his' -ter-o-peks-e) [hystero-; ir^vs, a
fastening]. Fixation of the uterus by a surgical
operation to correct displacement.

hysterophore (his'-ter-o-for) [hystero-; <f>op6s, bear-
ing]. A form of uterine pessary.

hysterophrenic (his-ter-o-fren'-ik) [hystero-; <t>pi)v,
the mind]. Opposed to hysterogenic.

hysteroplegia (his-ler-o-ple'-je-ah) [hystero-; ir\r)yri,
a stroke]. Same as hysteroparalysis.

hysteropnix (his-ter-op'-niks) [hystero-; irvl£, suffo-
cation]. Globus hystericus.

hysteropsophy (his-ter-op'-so-fe) [hystero-; \p64>os,
sound, utterance]. The escape of air from the uterus
with an audible sound.

hysteropsychopathy (his-ter-o-si-kop'-ath-e) [hys-
tero-; \pvxv, the mind; ttoBos, disease]. Mental dis-
order secondary to disease of the uterus.

hysteropsychosis (his-ter-o-si-ko'-sis) [hystero-; fw
xv> the mind]. Mental disorder associated with
uterine disease.

hysteroptosis (his-ter-op-to'-sis) [hystero-; irTuxns,
a falling]. Falling or inversion of the uterus.

hysterorrhagia (his-ter-or-aj'-e-ah). See metror-
rhagia.

hysterorrhaphy (his-ter-or'-a-fe) [hystero-; pa<j>ri,
suture].. 1. The closure of a uterine incision or
rent by suture. 2. Hysteropexy.

hysterorrhea (his-ter-or-e'-ah) [hystero-; pola,
flow]. A discharge from the uterus.

hysterorrhexis (his-ter-or-eks'-is) [hystero-; prjfa,
rupture]. Rupture of the womb.

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy (his-ter-o-sal-pin-go-
o-of-or-ek' -to-me). Excision of the uterus, oviducts,
and ovaries.

hysterosalpinx (his-ter-o-sal'-pingks) [hystero-; <rdX-
7riy£, a pipe]. A Fallopian tube or oviduct.

hysteroscope (his' -ter-o-skop) [hystero-; o-Kotrtlv,
to view]. A uterine speculum, with a reflector.

hysteroscopy (his-ter-os'-ko-pe) [hystero-; aKowtlv,
to examine]. Inspection of the uterus.

hysterospasm (his'-ter-o-spazm) [hystero-; spasm].
Uterine spasm.

hysterostomatome (his-ter-o-sto'-mat-om) [hystero-;
0-rop.a, mouth; Top.ii, section]. A knife for use in
hysterostomatomy.

hysterostomatomy, or hysterostomatotomy (his-ter-
o-sto-mat'-o-me, or his-ter-os-to-mat-ot'-o-me) [hystero-;
OTopa, mouth; Topij, section]. Surgical incision of
the os uteri, or its enlargement by a cutting operation.

hysterosyphilis (his-ter-o-sif'-il-is). Hysterical
manifestation due to syphilis.

hysterotabetism (his-ter-o-ta'-bet-izm). Combined
tabes and hysteria.

hysterotokotomy (his-ter-o-to-kot'-o-me) [hystero-;
tokos, birth; Top-q, section]. Cesarean operation, or
delivery through an incision into the womb.

hysterotome (his'-ter-o-tom) [hystero-; Top.ii, a
cutting]. A hysterotomy-knife or cutting-instru-
ment for use in hysterotomy.

hysterotomotocia Qiis-ter-o-to-mo-to'-se-ah) [hys*
tero-; Topi], cutting; tokos, birth]. An incision into
the womb for the removal of a fetus; hysterotoko-
tomy.

hysterotomy (his-ter-ot'-o-me) [hystero-; Topii, a
cutting]. Incision of the uterus.

hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his-ter-o-trak-el-or'-a-fe)
[hystero-; rpdx»/Xos, neck; patpi), suture]. A plastic
operation for the restoration of a lacerated cervix
uteri.

hysterotrachelotomy (his-ter-o-trak-el-ot'-o-me) [hys-
tero-; rpdxnXos, neck; Topi\, section]. Surgical
incision of the neck of the womb.

hysterotraumatism (Jtis-ter-o-traw'-mat-izm) [hys-
tero-; Tpavpa, wound]. Hysterical symptoms due to
or following traumatism.

hysterotrismus (his-ter-o-triz'-mus) [hystero-; rpiv
pos, a creaking]. Spasm of the uterus.

hystrichiasis (his-trik-i'-as-is) [vo-Tpi£, a hedgehog].
A disease of the hair in which it stands out stiffly
like the spines of the hedgehog.

hystriciasis, hystricism (his-tris-i'-as-is, his'-tris-
izm). 1. A disease of the hairs in which they stand
erect. 2. Ichthyosis hystrix.

hystrix (his'-triks) [vo-Tpi£, porcupine]. Same as
ichthyosis hystrix.

hyther (hi'-thur) [Mwp, water; depp-q, heat]. The
combined effect of moisture and temperature of the
atmosphere upon human beings.

I. The chemical symbol for iodine.

i. Abbreviation for optically inactive.

iamatology (i-am-at-oV -o-je) [tana, remedy; \6yos,
science]. The science of remedies, or of therapeutics;
aceology.

iasis (i-a'-sis) [Wis, treatment, cure]. Medical
or surgical treatment.

-iasis. A termination denoting a process or its re-
sult (as lithiasis from Xi0os a stone). And see -osis.

iatraliptic (i-at-rah-lip'-tik) [larpos, physician;
dXeiirrTjj, an anointer]. Curing by using ointments
and frictions.

iatreusiology (i-at-roo-se-ol'-o-je) [l&rpevais, prac-
tice of medicine; X670S, science]. The science of
medical or surgical treatment; therapeutics.

iatreusis (i-at-roo'-sis) [larpevais, treatment].
Medical or surgical treatment.

iatric {i-at'-rik) [larpmos medical]. Pertaining
to the physician or to the science of medicine.

iatro- (i-at'-ro-) [larpos, physician]. A Greek
prefix signifying relation to medicine or to physicians.

iatrochemical, iatrochemic (i-at-ro-kem'-ik-al, i-at-
ro-kem'-ik) [iatro-; chemistry]. Pertaining to the
obsolete chemical school of therapeutists; spagiric.

iatrochemist (i-at-ro-kem'-ist) [iatro-; chemist],
A follower of iatrochemical or spagiric doctrines.

iatrochemistry (i-at-ro-kem'-ist-re) [larpds, physi-
cian; xvuda, chemistry]. 1. The application of
chemistry to therapeutics; the treatment of disease
by chemical means. 2. The theory that disease and
its treatment are explicable on a chemical basis.

iatrol (i'-at-rol), Oxy-iodo-methyl-anilide; an
odorless and non-toxic antiseptic agent, said to be
three times as effective, weight for weight, as iodo-
form.

iatroleptica (i-at-ro-lep' -tik-ah) [iatro-; &\el<f>eiv,
to oil the skin]. The treatment of disease by anoint-
ing, friction, and exercise.

iatroliptic (i-at-ro-lip'-tik). See iatraliptic.

iatrology (i-at-roV -o-je) [iatro-; Xoyos, science].
The science of medicine; an account of, or treatise
on, physicians.

iatrophysics (i-at-ro-fiz'-iks) [larpds, physician;
«pv<nn6s, pertaining to nature]. 1. The treatment
-of disease by physical measures. 2. The theory that
■disease and its treatment are explicable on a materi-
alistic or physical basis. The materialistic explana-
tion of disease ; applied especially to an obsolete theory
of the seventeenth century that sought to explain
physiological and therapeutic facts by means of the
principles of physics (dynamics and statics).

iatrosophist (i-at-ro-sof'-ist) [iatro-; <ro<pos, skilful].
A physician skilled in the theory of medicine.

latrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek'-niks) [larpos, physician;
-rkxvn, art]. The art of healing.

ibit (ib'-it). See bismuth oxyiodotannate.

-ic. A suffix denoting the higher of two valencies
assumed by an element, and incidentally in many
cases a larger amount of oxygen.

icaja, icaya (ik'-aj-ah). An ordeal poison with
action similar to nux vomica obtained from the stem
of Strychnos icaja.

icajine (ik'-aj-en) [African, icaja], A poisonous
alkaloid derived from an African ordeal-drug called
icaja. It somewhat resembles brucine and is prob-
ably derived from some species of Strophantus.

ice (is) IAS., Is]. Water in its solid state, which
it assumes at a temperature of o° C, or 320 F. It is
used externally in the form of applications, and inter-
nally as a refrigerant and to combat nausea, i.-bag,
i.-cap, i.-compress, measures for applying ice to
reduce temperature, to lessen inflammatory action,
to check hemorrhage, and to relieve pain.

Iceland moss (Is' -land). See cetraria (2). I. spar,
a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, having doubly
refracting properties, and used in instruments for
studying polarized light.

ichnogram (ik' -no-gram) [txvos, a track, footstep;
yph(peiv, to write]. In forensic connection, the record
of a footprint.

ichor (i'-kor) [ix&P. serum or pus]. An acrid, thin,
discharge from an ulcer or wound.

ichoremia, ichoraemia. See ichorrhemia.

ichorization (i-kor-iz-a'-shun) [ichor]. The con-
version of tissue into ichor.

ichorous (i'-kor-us) [ichor]. Resembling or relating
to ichor.

ichorrhea (i-kor-e'-ah) [ly&p, pus; pola, a flow].
A copious flow of ichor.

ichorrhemia, ichorrhaemia (i-kor'-e-me-ah) [ichor;
atp.a, blood]. The presence of septic master in the
blood.

ichthalbin (ik-thal'-bin). Ichthyol albuminate;
used in gastrointestinal diseases. Dose 15-30 gr.
(1-2 Gm.) 3 times daily.

ichthargan (ik-thar'-gan). A combination of silver
and ichthyol-sulphonic acid containing 30 % of the
former. It is used in acute gonorrhea in injections
containing i-i£ gr. in 8 oz.; irrigation with solutions
of 1 : 4000-1 : 750.

ichthidin (ik'-thid-in) [IxObs, fish]. A substance
resembling lardacein, but obtained from the eggs of
cyprinoid fishes.

ichthin (ik'-thin) [IxBvs, fish]. An albuminous
substance obtained from the eggs of some fishes,
and also from cartilaginous fishes and frogs.

ichthoform (ik'-tho-form), Ichthyol formaldehyde;
it is used as an intestinal disinfectant, antiphlogistic,
and as a vulnerary. Dose 15-20 gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.)
daily.

ichthosin (ik'-tho-sin). A compound of ichthyol
and eosin used in skin diseases.

ichthulin (ik'-thu-lin) [IxOvs, a fish; 6Xj?, matter].
A lardaceous substance, found in the eggs of fishes
and in salmon. It is akin to ichthin and ichthidin.

ichthyiasis (ik-the-i'-as-is). Same as ichthyosis.

ichthyism (ik'-the-izm). See ichthysmus.

ichthyo- (ik-the-o-) [ix^vs, fish]. A prefix meaning
fish.

ichthyocolla (ik-the-o-kol'-ah) [ichthyo-; icbWa, glue].
Isinglass. The air-bladder of the sturgeon, A cipenser
huso, occurring in horny, translucent, white sheets
that form a jelly with hot water. It is a form of
gelatin, and is used as a food, for clarifying liquids,
and as a test for tannic acid. It forms the basis of
English court-plaster (emplastrum ichthyocolla).

ichthyography (ik-the-og'-ra-fe) [ichthyo-; ypafaiv,
to write]. A description of fishes; ichthyology.

ichthyoid (ik'-the-oid) [ichthyo-; el8os, like]. Fish-
like.

ichthyol (ik'-the-ol) [ichthyo-; oleum, oil]. 1. The
ammonium or sodium salt of a tarry substance
obtained in the distillation of a bituminous mineral
containing fossil fish. The chemical formula is
C28H36S306(HN4)2, or C28H36S30eNa2. It contains
about 15 % of sulphur, and is used as an alterative
and antiphlogistic, especially in eczema, acne, lupus,
and other dermal diseases. Internally it has been
employed in rheumatism, syphilis, leprosy, tubercu-
losis, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.) in 24 hours.
2. Ammonium ichthyol sulphonate, (NKU)2C2sH36S3-
Oe, soluble in water, glycerol, and a mixture of
alcohol and ether; freely miscible in oils. Dose as
alterative 3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily.
Application, s to so % ointment; 2 % solution in
gonorrhea, i. albuminate. See ichthalbin. i. form-
aldehyde. See ichthoform. i., lithium, Li2C2sH36S306,
a dark-brown mass used in 50 % ointment. Syn.,
Lithium ichthyol sulphonate. i. silver, ichthargan.
i., sodium. See ichthyol (1). i., zinc, zinc ichthyol
sulphonate, a black, tarry mass, used in injections.

ichthyology (ik-the-oV -o-je) [ichthyo-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of fishes, their anatomy, distri-
bution, and biology.

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS

453

IDEOLOGY

ichthyophagous (ik-the-of'-ag-us) [ichthyo-; <payelv,
to eat]. Fish-eating.

ichthyosis (ik-the-o'-sis) [ix^vs, fish]. A chronic
skin disease characterized by the development of
epidermal plates somewhat resembling the scales of
a fish. i. follicularis, a form in which the sebum
and epithelium are heaped around the orifices of the
hair follicles. L hystrix, a form characterized by
warty growths, consisting of elongated and hyper-
trophied papillae, covered by greatly thickened epi-
dermis, i. sebacea, seborrhea, i. simplex, the
common form of ichthyosis, in which the surface
has a tessellated appearance, from being covered
with large, finely corrugated, papery scales.

ichthyotic (jk-the-ot'-ik) [ichthyo-]. Relating to or
affected with ichthyosis.

ichthyotomy (ik-the-ot'-o-me) [ichthyo-; tout), a
cutting]. The dissection or anatomy of fishes.

ichthyotoxicon (ik-the-o-toks'-ik-on) [ichthyo- ;
to£ucov, poison]. I. The toxin present in the serum
of certain fishes, as in that of the eel. 2. A general
term for the active agent in poisoning by eating fish.

ichthyotoxicum (ik-the-o-toks'-ik-um) [ichthyo-;
t6£ikov, poison]. A name loosely given to poisoning
from eating the flesh of certain fish, and also to the
poisonous principle. It may be a natural poisonous
principle or the result of putrefactive fermentation
of the substance of the fish. It is probably a pto-
maine.

ichthyotoxin (ik-the-o-toks'-in). A basic poison
generated in fish by growth of bacteria or fungi.

ichthyotoxism (ik-the-o-toks'-izm). See ichthysmus.
Cf. siguatera.

ichthysmus (ik-thiz'-mus) [IxOvs, fish]. Poisoning
due to the absorption of mytilotoxin from fish.

ichtol (ik'-iol). A proprietary mixture said to
consist of lanolin, iodoform, glycerol, phenol, oil of
lavender, and oil of eucalyptus, used in skin diseases.

icing-liver. Chronic perihepatitis resulting in the
formation of an exudate resembling the icing on a
cake.

icon (i'-kon) [eU&v, image]. An image or model.

iconography (i-kon-og'-ra-fe) [ein&v, image; ypa<peiv,
to write]. A description by means of pictorial
illustration.

icterencephalotyphus (ik-ter-en-sef-al-o-ti'-fus) [ic-
terus; eyice<pa\os, the brain; rv<pos, typhus]. Typhoid
fever with marked cerebral symptoms combined with
jaundice.

icterepatitis (ik-ter-ep-a-ti'-tis) [icterus; fjirap, liver;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the liver with
jaundice.

icteric (ik-ter'-ik) [icterus]. Pertaining to or char-
acterized by jaundice, i. fever, a form of remittent
or relapsing malaria in which jaundice is a marked
symptom.

icteritious (ik-ter-ish'-us) [icterus]. 1. Affected
with or resembling icterus. 2. Yellow, as the skin
in jaundice.

icterode (ik'-ter-od) [Urepudris, jaundiced]. Ic-
teroid.

icterogenic, icterogenous (ik-ter-o-jen'-ik, ik-ter-oj'-
en-us) [icterus; ytwav, to produce]. Causing icterus.

icterohematuria (tk-ter-o-hem-at-u'-re-ah) [icterus;
hematuria]. Jaundice with hematuria.

icterohemoglobinuria (ik-ter-o-hem-o-glo-bin-u'-re-
ah). Combined icterus and hemoglobinuria.

icteroid (ik'-ter-oid) [icterus; «I5os, form]. Re-
sembling the color of, or having the nature of,
jaundice.

icterophthisis (ik-ter-off'-this-is) [icterus; <j>0l<ns,
wasting]. Pulmonary tuberculosis with yellow
discoloration of the skin.

icterus (ik'-ter-us) [Urepot, jaundice]. Jaundice.
i., acholuric, a condition characterized by more or
less pigmentation of the skin in certain areas or over
the whole surface, absence of bile-pigments in the
urine and their presence in the blood-serum. L,
diffusion, that due to the hepatic cells having lost
their power of holding back the bile, which conse-
quently diffuses into the fluids of the body. i.
febrilis. See Weil's disease, i. gravis, acute yellow
atrophy of the liver, an acute disease characterized
by jaundice, marked nervous symptoms, diminution
in size of the liver, and a rapidly fatal termination.
The urine> contains bile and crystals of leucin and
tyrosin. i. neonatorum, that which is sometimes
observed in infants during the first few days after
birth. The causes are obscure, particularly in the
mild form; it may be due to the absorption of biliary

pigment from the meconium and its entrance into
the circulation through an open ductus venosus; a
severe form is due to absence of the large bile-ducts
or to septic infection, i., pancreatic. 1. A condition
arising from stenosis of the pancreatic duct, when the
system becomes deluged with pancreatic secretions.
2. That which results from removal of the pancreas.
i. saturninus, jaundice from lead poisoning.

ictometer (ik-tom'-et-er) [ictus, stroke; p.krpov,
measure]. An instrument to measure the cardiac
impulse.

ictus {ik'-tus) [L., "a stroke"]. A sudden attack.
i. epilepticus, an epileptic fit. i., laryngeal, an
apoplectiform attack occurring during a severe
paroxysm of coughing and passing off in a few
seconds. i. paralyticus, a paralytic stroke. i.
sanguinis, apoplexy, i. solis, sun-stroke.

id [Wios, one's own]. In biology, according to
Weismann's theory of the germ-plasm, a vital unit
of the third degree, having a definite structure of
determinants, which in their turn are made up of
biophores; an "ancestral germ- plasm," or unit con-
taining all the primary constituents of the species.
Each id represents an individuality, and is probably
identical with the "microsome" of the nuclear rod.
Cf. idioplasm: idant.

idant (i'-dant) [see id]. In biology, according to
Weismann's theory of the germplasm, a vital unit of
the fourth degree; a group of ids, differing from the
latter in not being perfectly invariable quantities, but
only relatively constant, their constitution being
modified from time to time, so that the ids which
previously belonged to the idant Amay later take part
in the composition of the idant B or C. A chromosome
(chromatosome) or nuclear rod, composed of vital units
or ancestral plasms, termed ids or microsomata (micro-
somes).

-ide, -id. A suffix used in chemistry to denote a
combination of two elementary substances, or a
radical and an element.

idea (i-de'-ah) [idea, form or semblance]. A
mental representation of something perceived. L-
chase, a condition in acute mania in which dis-
connected ideas and fancies flow rapidly through the
mind. It is a term much used by German authors.
i., fixed, that form of mania in which one dominant
idea controls all actions, i., imperative, a morbid
idea or insane suggestion imperiously demanding
notice, the patient often being painfully conscious
of its domination over his will.

ideal (i-de'-al). Pertaining to an idea. i. para-
plegia, reflex emotional paraplegia.

ideation (i-de-a '-shun) [idea, form or semblance].
1. The formation of a mental conception; the cerebral
action by which, or in accord with which, an idea is
formed. 2. An impression which conveys some dis-
tinct notion, but not of a sensory nature.

ideational insanity (i-de-a'-shun-al). A form of
insanity characterized by perversion of ideation.

identical (i-den'-tik-al) [idem, the same]. Being;
the same; corresponding exactly, i. points, corre-
sponding points of the two retinae, upon which the
rays from an object must be focused in order that it
may be seen as one.

identification (i-den-tif-ik-a'-shun) [see identical],
A method of so describing and registering a person
by certain physical peculiarities that he or his body
may be identified, i., anthropometric. See i.,
Bertillon system of. i., Bertillon (Alphonse) system
of, consists in the use of those measurements which
depend on skeletal parts remaining practically un-
changed after adult life is reached. Syn., anthropo-
metric identification, i., Galton system of, is based
upon imprints of the epidermic patterns found upon
the balls of the thumbs and fingers. The records
used are the printed impressions of the ten digits
placed in definite order upon a card, i., palm and
sole system of, an extension of the Galton system to
the palmar and plantar surfaces.

ideodynamism (i-de-o-di' -nam-izm) [idea, idea;
8vvap,is, force]. * The domination of an idea; the
control exercised by a suggested idea over the subse-
quent acts of a person who is, or has been, hypnotized.

ideoglandular (i-de-o-glan'-du-lar). Relating to
glandular activity as evoked by a mental concept.

ideography (i-de-og'-raf-e) [idea, an idea; ypa<pei.i>,
to write]... 1. A description of ideas. 2. An ex-
pression of ideas by writing, printing, or hieroglyphics.

ideology (i-de-ol'-o-je) [ibka, idea; \6yos, science].
The science of thought.

IDEOMETABOLIC

454

IGNIPEDITES

ideometabolic (i-de-o-met-ab-ol'-ik). Relating to
metabolic action induced by some idea.

ideomotion (i-de-o-mo'-shun) [ISea, idea; motio, a.
moving]. Motion or action due to some idea, and
neither purely voluntary nor reflex.

ideomotor (i-de-o-mo'-tor) [idea; mover e, to move].
Pertaining conjointly to ideation and movement.
i. center, that part of the cortex which, influenced
by ideation, excites muscular movement, i. move-
ments, unconscious movements due to impulses of
the mind when the attention is otherwise absorbed.

ideomuscular (i-de-o-mus'-kii-lar). Relating to
influence exerted upon the muscular system by a
mental concept.

ideopegma (i-de-o-peg'-mah) [ISea, idea; irr}yij.a, a
thing fixed; pi., ideopegmata]. A fixed or dominant
idea that colors all the thoughts of the patient and
thus creates a monomania.

ideophrenia (i-de-o-fre'-ne-ah) [idea; <ppr/v, mind].
Insanity with marked perversion of ideas.

ideophrenic (i-de-o-fren'-ik) [ISea, form; fypty,
mind]. Relating to, or marked by ideophrenia.

ideoplastic (i-de-o-plas'-lik) [idea, idea; vXaooeiv,
to form]. Giving shape to the ideas; that stage of
hypnotism in which the idea impressed on the brain
of the subject is translated into action.

ideosynchysia, ideosynchysis (i-de-o-sin-ki'-ze-ah,
i-de-o-sin'-kis-is) [ISea, idea; ovyxyois, a pouring
together]. Confusion of ideas; delirium.

ideovascular {i-de-o-vas'-ku-lar). Relating to a
vascular change resulting from a dominant idea.

idiempresis (id-e-em-pre'-sis) [Z5ios, own; efiirprjois,
burning]. Spontaneous combustion. Also, spon-
taneous inflammation.

idio- (id-e-o-) [ISios, one's own]. A prefix signi-
fying pertaining to one's self, peculiar to the indi-
vidual.

idioagglutinin (id-e-o-ag-gloo' -tin-in) [idio-; agglu-
tinin}. An agglutinin having a spontaneous origin.

idioblast (id'-e-o-blast) [idio-; jSXaoTos, offshoot],
i. In biology, a histological cell having a character
different from that of the surrounding cells, owing to
a difference either in its form or its contents, e. g.,
the stellate hair in the interior of the tissue of Nymph-
aacea. 2. See biophore.

idiocrasia, idiocrasis (id-e-o-kra'-ze-ah, -kra'-sis)
[idio-; Kpa<ris, temperament]. Idiosyncrasy.

idiocrasy (id-e-ok'-ras-e). Same as idiosyncrasy.

idiocratic {id-e-o-krat'-ik). Relating to an idio-
syncrasy.

idioctonia (id-e-ok-to'-ne-ah) [idio-; ktovos, killing].
Self-murder; suicide.

idiocy (id'-e-o-se) [iSiwttjj, a private person].
A congenital condition of mental deficiency, usually
accompanied by physical defects, and characterized
by an almost total absence of intelligence.

idiogenesis (id-e-o-jen'-es-is) [idio-; yewav, to
produce]. The origin of idiopathic diseases.

idioglossia (id-e-o-glos'-e-ah) [idio-; y\uooa, tongue].
Extremely defective utterance, but one in which the
same sound is used to express the same idea, even
though the sounds used belong to no known language.

idioheteroagglutinin (id-e-o-het-er-o-ag-gloo'-tin-in)
[idio-; erepos, other; agglutinin]. An agglutinin in
normal blood having the property of agglutinating
foreign cells and the blood-corpuscles of other species
of animals.

idioheterolysin (id-e-o-het-er-ol' -is-in) [idio-; erepos,
other; Xveiv, to loose]. A lysin in normal blood
capable of dissolving foreign cells and the blood-
corpuscle of another species of animal.

idiohypnotism (id-e-o-hip'-no-tizm). Self-induced
hypnotism.

idioisoagglutinin (id-e-o-is-o-ag-gloo' -tin-in) [idio-;
loos, equal; agglutinin]. An inborn nonhereditary
substance present in normal blood, due to inter-
changeable immunization between mother and fetus.

idioisolysin {id-e-o-is-oV -is-in) [idio-; isolysin]. An
inborn, nonhereditary isolysin due to. an interchange-
able immunization between mother arid fetus.

idiologism {id-e-oV -o-jizm) [idio-, ;~X6yoi, utterance].
A characteristic expression or form .of Utterance
peculiar to any person, especially to an insane
person.

idiolysin (id-e-ol' -is-in). A lysin found normally
in the blood and having a spontaneous origin.

idiometritis (id-e-o-me-tri'-tis) [idio- ; *• metritis].
Inflammation of the parenchymatous substance of
the uterus.

idiomiasma (id-e-o-mi-az'-mah) [idio-; filaona,

stain, defilement; pi., idiomiasmata}. A term for
any noxious exhalation from the body.

idiomology (id-e-o-mol'-o-je) [lSlu>p,a, a peculiar
phraseology, idiom; \kyeiv, to speak]. The study of
the peculiarities of speech of various races.

idiomuscular (id-e-o-mus'-ku-lar) [idio-; musculus,
musele]. Peculiar to muscular tissue; not involving
any nerve-stimulus or any function of the organism
except those of the muscle itself, i. contraction,
contraction of a tired or weakened muscle under
certain conditions of extraneous stimulus.

idioneurosis (id-e-o-nu-ro'-sis) [idio-; neurosis].
An affection due to some disturbed or abnormal
condition of the nerves supplying the affected part;
a simple neurosis.

idiopathic (id-e-o-palh'-ik) [idio-; ttoJ&os, disease].
Not dependent upon another disease or upon a known
or recognized cause, i. anemia, pernicious anemia,
i. disease, a self-existing disease.

idiopathy (id-e-op'-ath-e) [idio-; irados, disease].
I. An idiopathic disease or condition. 2. The fact
or quality of being idiopathic.

idiophrenic (id-e-o-fren'-ik) [idio-; <ppr)i>, mind].
Due to disease of the brain; applied to certain forms
of insanity.

idioplasm (id'-e-o-plazm) [idio-; ir\6.op.a, a thing
formed]. A reproductive substance not contained
in the body of the cell, but in the chromosomes of
the nucleus, controlling and determining the actual
characters of the particular cell, and also those of all
of its descendants.

idiopsychology (id-e-o-si-kol'-o-je) [idio-; ^v\v,
soul]. Psychology based upon introspective study
of one's own mental acts. Cf. heteropsychology.

idioretinal (id-e-o-ret'-in-al) [idio-; retina]. Pecu-
liar or proper to the retina.

idiosome (id'-e-o-som). See idioblast.

idiospasm {id'-e-o-spazm) [idio-; owaop.6s, spasm].
A spasm confined to one part.

idiospastic {id-e-o-spas'-tik) [idio-; o-iraoriKos,
stretching]. Pertaining to idiospasm.

idiosthenia (id-e-o-sthe'-ne-ah) [idio-; od'evos,
strength]. Having innate or spontaneous strength
or power.

idiosyncrasia (id-e-o-sin-kra'-ze-ah). Same as
idiosyncrasy.

idiosyncrasy (id-e-o-sin'-kra-se) [idio-; ovv, to-
gether; kpolois, a mingling]. 1. Any special or pecu-
liar characteristic or temperament by which a person
differs from other persons. 2. A peculiarity of
constitution that makes an individual react differ-
ently from most persons to drugs or other influences.

idiosyncratic _ (id-e-o-sin-krat'-ik). Pertaining to
idiosyncrasy, i. coryza, a synonym of hay-fever.

idiot (id'-e-ot) [ISi&ttjs, a private person]. A per-
son congenitally almost destitute of intelligence.

idiotcy, idiotism, idiotry (id'-e-ot-se, id' -e-ot-izm,
id' -e-ot-ry) . Same as idiocy, q. v.

idiotia (id-e-o' -she-ah). A state of idiocy; idiotism.

idiotopy (id-e-ot'-op-e) [idio-; tokos, place]. Topo-
graphic description pertaining to the relation of
different parts of the same organ.

idolum (id-o'-lum) [eiSwXoe, an image]. An
illusion or halucination.

idorgan (id-or'-gan) [ISios, own; opyavov, an
organ]. Haeckel's ;name for a morphological unit
made up of two or more plastids and not possessing
the positive characteristics of the stock.

idromania (id-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [vSup, water; p.avla,
mania]. Hydromania; insane desire for water, or
to commit suicide by drowning.

idrosis (id-ro'-sis). See hidrosis. %

igasurine {ig-as-u'-ren) [Malay, igasur; ignatia].
An alkaloid from ignatia, said to be more poisonous
than brucine. Its existence as a definite compound
has been denied.

igazol (ig'-az-ol). A proprietary gaseous antiseptic
said to contain iodoform and formaldehyde. It is
used in tuberculosis.

ignatia (ig-na'-she-ah). St. Ignatius' bean. The
seed of Strychnos ignatii, containing the alkaloids
strychnine and brucine. Its therapeutic effects are
similar to those of nux vomica. Dose of the abstract
|-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) ; of the tincture 2-10 min.
(0.13-0.65 Cc).

igniextirpation {ig-ne-eks-ter-pa'-shun) [ignis; ex-
tirpare, to root out]. Hysterectomy by cauterization.

ignipedites (ig-ne-ped-i'-tez) [ignis; pes, foot].
Hot-foot; a disorder marked by an intense burning
sensation in the soles of the feet.

IGNIPUNCTURE

455

ILLINITION

ignipuncture (ig'-ne-punk-tur) [ignis; punctura,
puncture]. Puncture with platinum needles heated
to whiteness by the electric current.

ignis (ig'-nis) [L.]. Fire. i. .sacer, erysipelas.
i. sancti Antonii, Saint Anthony's fire, an old name
for erysipelas and for anthrax.

ignition (ig-nish'-un) [ignis, fire]. The process of
heating solids, especially inorganic compounds, until
all volatile matter has been driven off.

ikota (ik-o'-tah). A religious mania occurring
among women in Siberia.

I. K. therapy [German immunkorper, immune
bodies]. Spengler's method of treating tuberculosis.

ileac (il'-e-ak) [ileum]. Pertaining to ileus, i.
passion, a disorder marked by severe griping pain,
fecal vomiting, with spasm of the abdominal muscles.
Syn., ileus.

ileadelphus (il-e-ad-el'-fus). See iliadelphus.

ileectomy (il-e-ek'-to-me) [ileum; eKTo/ir], a cutting
out]. Excision of the ileum.

ileitic (il-e-it'-ik). Pertaining to or affected with
ileitis.

ileitis (il-e-i'-tis) [ileum; ins, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the ileum.

ileo- (il-e-o-). A prefix signifying relation to the
ileum.

ileocecal (il-e-o-se'-kal) [ileo-; cecum]. Pertaining
to both ileum and cecum, i. fossa, a depression in
the lower part of the small intestine at the base of
the vermiform process, i. valve, a valve, consisting
of two folds of mucosa, that guards the passage
between the ileum and cecum.

ileocecum (il-e-o-se'-kum). The ileum and cecum
regarded as one.

ileocleisis (il-e-o-kli'-sis) [ileo-; Kkkuiv, to lock].
Obstruction or closure of the ileum.

ileocolic (il-e-o-kol'-ik) [ileo- ; colon]. Pertaining
conjointly to the ileum and the colon.

ileocolitis (il-e-o-ko-li'-tis) [ileo-; colon; iris, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the ileum and the
colon.

ileocolonic (il-e-o-kol-on'-ik). See ileocolic.

ileocolostomy (il-e-o-ko-los'-to-me) [ileo-; colon;
vrofia, mouth]. The establishment of an artificial
communication between the ileum and the colon.

ileocolotomy (il-e-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [ileo-; colon;
Tkuveiv, to cut]. A surgical operation on the ileum
and colon.

ileodicliditis (il-e-o-dik-lid-i'-tis) [ileo-; SWKis,
valve; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
ileocecal valve.

ileoileostomy (il-e-o-il-e-os'-to-me) [ileo-; arbna,
mouth]. The operation of establishing an artificial
communication between two different parts of the
ileum.

ileology (il-e-ol'-o-je) [el\eiv, to roll; Xoyos, science].
The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the ileum.

ileoparietal (il-e-o-par-i'-et-al). Relating to the
walls of the ileum.

ileopisolitis (il-e-o-pis-o-li'-tis) [ileo-; pisum, a pea;
tns, inflammation]. Inflammation of Peyer's
patches or glands.

ileoproctostomy (il-e-o-prok-tos' -to-me) [ileo-; irpun-
t6s, rectum; aro/ia, mouth]. The surgical formation
of a fistula between the ileum and rectum.

ileorectostomy (il-e-o-rek-los' -to-me). See ileo-
proctostomy.

ileosigmoidostomy (il-e-o-sig-moid-os' -to-me). The
surgical formation of a fistula between the ileum and
sigmoid flexure.

ileostomy (il-e-os' -to-me) [ileo-; orby-a., mouth].
The surgical formation of a passage through the ab-
dominal wall into the ileum, or from the ileum to some
other hollow organ.

ileotomy (il-e-ot'-o-me) [ileo-; rkfiveiv, to cut].
Incision of the ileum through the abdominal wall. ■

ileotyphus (il-e-o-ti'-fus) [ileo-; typhus]. Enteric
or typhoid fever.

ileum (il'-e-um) [etXeiv, to roll]. The lower por-
tion of the small intestine, terminating in the cecum.

ileus (il'-e-us) [IXibs, a severe kind of colic]. Ileac
passion; intestinal obstruction.

ilia (il'-e-ah) [L.: pi. of ilium]. The iliac bones;
the flanks or loins.

iliac (il'-e-ak) [ileum]. Pertaining to the ilium or
to the flanks, i. artery. See under artery, i. crest,
the upper free margin of the ilium to which the
abdominal muscles are attached, i. fascia, the
fascia lining the posterior part of the abdominal cavity
and covering the psoas and iliacus muscles, i. fossa.

See fossa, iliac, i. muscle. See iliacus under
muscle, i. passion. See ileac passion, i. region,
the region external to the hypogastric region. See
abdomen.

iliaco- (il-i'-ak-o-) [ilia, the loins]. A prefix
signifying relation to the loins, i.-femoral, relating
to the ilium and the femur, i.-trochanteric, relating
to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur.

iliacus (il-i'-ak-us). See muscles, table of.

iliadelphus (il-e-ad-el'-fus) [ilia; &8e\<f>6s, brother].
A monstrosity double from the pelvis upward.

ilial (il'-e-al). See iliac.

ilicin (il'-is-in) [ilex, the holm-oak]. A crystalline
febrifugal principle from the leaves of Ilex aqui-
folium.

ilien (il'-e-en) [ilia, the loins]. Belonging to the
ilium in itself.

ilio- (il-e-o-). A prefix denoting relation to the
ilium.

iliocolotomy (il-e-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [ilio-; colon; to^,
a cutting]. Incision of the colon in the iliac region.

iliocostal (il-e-o-kos'-tal) [ilio-; costa, rib]. Per-
taining to the ilium and ribs. See muscles, table of.

iliocostalis (il-e-o-kos-ta'-lis). Iliocostal. See
muscles, table of.

iliodorsal (il-e-o-dor'-sal) [ilio-; dorsum, the back].
Relating to the dorsal surface of the ilium.

iliofemoral (il-e-o-fem'-or-al) [ilio-; femur]. Per-
taining conjointly to the ilium and the femur, i.
ligament. See ligament, ileofemoral.

iliohypogastric (il-e-o-hi-po-gas'-trik) [ilio-; hypo-
gastric]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the
hypogastrium. i. nerve. See nerves, table of.

ilioinguinal (il-e-o-in'-gwin'-al) [ilio-; inguen, groin],
i. Pertaining to the ilium and the groin. 2. Lying
partly within the iliac and partly within the inguinal
region.

iliolumbar (il-e-o-lum' -bar) . Pertaining to the
iliac and lumbar regions.

iliolumbocostoabdominal (il-e-o-lum-bo-kos-to-ab-
dom'-in-al). Pertaining to the iliac, lumbar, costal,
and abdominal regions.

iliopectineal (il-e-o-pek-tin-e'-al) [ilio-; pecten,
comb]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the
pubes. i. line. See line, iliopectineal.

iliopelvic (il-e-o-pel'-vik). Pertaining to the iliac
region and the pelvis.

ilioperoneal (il-e-o-per-o-ne'-al). Relating to the
ilium and the peroneal region.

iliopsoas (il-e-o-so'-as) [ilio-; \j/6a, loin]. Pertaining
conjointly to the ilium and the loins, i. muscle, the
psoas and iliacus muscles considered as a single muscle.

iliosacral (il-e-o-sa'-kral). Relating to the ilium
and the sacrum.

iliosciatic (il-e-o-si-at'-ik). Relating to the ilium
and the ischium, i. notch, the sacrosciatic notch.

ilioscrotal (il-e-o-skro'-tal). Relating to the ilium
and the scrotum.

iliospinal (il-e-o-spi'-nal). Pertaining to the ilium
and the spinal column.

iliotibial (il-e-o-tib'-e-al) [ilio-; tibia]. Pertaining
to or connecting the ilium and the tibia, i. band,
a thickened portion of the fascia lata extending from
the outer tuberosity of the tibia to the iliac crest.

iliotrochanteric (il-e-o-tro-kan-ter'-ik). Pertaining
to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur.

ilium (il'-e-um) [L.]. 1. The flank. 2. The
superior broad portion of the os innominatum, prop-
erly the os ilii.

ill (il). Sick; diseased; unwell.

illacrimation (il-lak-rim-a' -shun) [lacrima, a tear].
Same as epiphora.

illaqueation (il-ak-we-a'-shun) [illaqueare, to in-
snare]. A method of changing the direction of mis-
placed cilia by withdrawing them by means of a
loop through an opening in the tissue of the lid.

illegitimacy (il-e-jit' -im-a-se) [in, not; legitimus,
according to law]. The condition of being unlawful,
or not legitimate.

illegitimate (il-e-jit' -im-at) [in, not; legitimus,
according to law]. Not in accordance with statutory
law. i. child, one^born out of lawful wedlock; a.
bastard.

illicium (il-is'-e-um) [illicere, to entice]. Star-
anise. The fruit of Illicium verum or Illicium ani-
satum, of the natural order Magnoliacea. It is the
source of star-anise. /. religiosum and /. parviflorum
are poisonous.

illinition (il-in-ish'-un) [illinere, to smear]. In-
unction.

ILLNESS

456

IMMUNITY

illness (il'-nes). Sickness; disease; an attack of
disease.

illumination (il-u-min-a'-shun) [illuminare, to
make light], i. The act of illuminating or lighting
up. 2. The quantity of light thrown on an object.
i., axial, illumination by light conveyed in the direc-
tion of the axis of the microscope, i., central, in
microscopy, an illumination producted by the rays
of light reflected from the mirror passing perpendi-
cularly through the object on the stage, i., critical,
in microscopy, an illumination in which the lamp-
flame is focused on the object, i., direct, illumination
of an object by light thrown upon it from in front.
i., focal, that in which the light is concentrated on
an object by means of a lens or mirror, i., lateral.
See i., oblique, i., oblique, illumination of an object
by throwing light upon it obliquely, usually by means
of a lens.

illuminator, Abbe's. See Abbe's condenser.

illusion (il-u'-zhun) [illusio, a mocking]. A false
interpretation by the mind of a real sensation.

illusional (il-u'-zhun-al). Of the nature of an
illusion.

illutation (il-lu-ta'-shuri) [in, in; lutum, mud].
Treatment of disease by the mud-bath.

im-. A prefix used in chemistry to indicate the
bivalent group NH.

ima (i'mah) [im-us, -a, -um, lowest, deepest]. The
lowest, as thyroidea ima, the lowest thyroid artery.

image (im'-aj) [imago, a likeness], i. A more or
less accurate representation of an object. 2. The
picture of an object formed by rays of light reflected,
refracted, or passed through a small aperture, i.s,
after-. See after-images, i., direct, i., erect, a
picture obtained from rays that have not yet come
to a focus. L, false. See under false, i., inverted,
one turned upside down. Nearly all real images are
inverted, i., real, that formed at the place where
the rays meet, i., virtual, an apparent image formed
in the direction in which the rays enter the eye, the
rays not actually converging at the point where the
image is seen. The images formed by plane or con-
vex mirrors and by concave lenses, when the object
is placed within the principal focus, are virtual.

imagination (im-aj-in-a'-shun) [imaginatio, imag-
ination]. The picture-making power of the mind.
The faculty by which one creates ideas or mental
pictures by means of the data derived from experience,
ideally revivified, extended, and combined in new
forms.

imago ^ (im-a'-go) [L.; gen., imaginis]. 1. An
image. 2. The final, adult, or reproductive stage
of an insect.

imapunga (im-ap-ung'-gah) [South African]. A
disease^occurring to a limited extent among South
African cattle closely related in pathology to South
African horse-sickness

imbalance (im-baV -ans) [in, not; bilanx, a
balance]. Lack of balance; lack of the power of
keeping the erect position; lack of muscular balance
(as between the muscle of the eyes).

imbecile (im'-bes-il) [imbecillis, weak]. Feeble in
mind.

imbecility (im-bes-il'-it-e). Mental weakness or
defect, similar to that of idiocy, but of less degree,
i., acquired. Synonym of dementia proecox.

imbed (im-bed'). In histology, to treat a tissue
with some substance, as paraffin or celloidin, which
shall give it support during the process of section-
cutting.

imbedding (im-bed' -ing) [imbed]. The fixation of
a tissue-specimen in a firm medium, in order to keep
it intact during the cutting of thin sections.

imbibe (im-blb') [imbibere, to drink in]. To drink
or suck in.

imbibition (im-bi-bish'-un) [in, in; bibere, to drink].
The act of sucking up moisture; the absorption of
fluids.

imbricated (im'-brik-a-ted) [imbrex, a tile]. Over-
lapping, like shingles or tiles on a roof.

imide, imid (im'-id). Any compound of the
radical NH united to a divalent acid radical.

imidiode (im-id'-e-od). Glossy crystals obtained
by interaction of paraethoxyphenyl succinimide,
iodine, and potassium iodide in the presence of
acetic acid; it is used as a wound antiseptic.

imido (im'-id-o). A prefix denoting an imide.

imidoxanthin (im-id-o-zan'-ihiri). See guanine.

imitation (im-it-a'-shun) [imitari, to imitate]. A
production that is similar, to, or a copy of, another

object or process. L, morbid, the occurrence of a
convulsive or mental affection brought about by
observing a similar affection in another; mental
contagion.

Imlach's fat-plug (im'-lak) [Francis Imlach,
Scotch physician]. A mass of yellowish fat frequently
found at the mesial angle of the external inguinal
ring, for which it constitutes a landmark during
operations.

immaculate (im-ak'-u-ldt) [in, not; macula, a spot].
Pure; spotless.

immature (im-at-ur') [in, not; maturus, ripe].
Unripe; not yet of an adult age or growth.

immediate (im-e'-de-at) [in, not; mediatus, medi-
ate]. Direct; without the intervention of anything.
i. agglutination. See i. union, i. auscultation,
auscultation performed with the ear against the
surface, i. contagion, that from personal contact.
i. union, union by first intention.

immedicable (im-med'-ik-ab-l) [in, not; medicare,
to cure]. That which does not yield to medicine or
treatment. Incurable.

immersion (im-er'-shun) [in, in; merger e, to dip].
The plunging of a body into a liquid, i.-bath, a
plunge-bath, i., homogeneous, a fluid between the
objective of a microscope and the cover-glass,
having about the same refractive and dispersive
power as the glass, i.-lens, a lens, usually of high
power, the lower end of which is immersed in a drop
of some liquid, such as water or oil, that has nearly
the same refractive index as glass, and is placed on
the cover-glass of the object under examination.

imminence (im'-in-ens) [imminere, to overhang].
An impending or menacing, i., morbid, the period
immediately preceding the incubation stage of a
disease.

immiscible (im-is'-ib-l) [in, not; miscere, to mix].
Not capable of being mixed.

immissio (im-ish'-e-o) [L.]. Insertion, i. cathe-
teris. See catheterism. i. penis, introduction of the
penis into the vagina.

immobilization (im-o-bil-iz-a' -shun) [in, not; mov-
ere, to move]. The act of making firm or of rendering
motionless, as immobilization of a joint.

immune (im-unr) [in, not; munis, serving]. 1. Safe
from attack; protected against a disease by a natural
or an acquired peculiarity. 2. A person who is
protected against any special virus, i. animal, an
animal in a control experiment rendered immune
by inoculation with some antispecific agent, i. body.
See body, immune, i. proteids, substances resulting
from combination in the living body of the enzymes
of pathogenic bacteria with certain albuminous bodies,
probably those derived from the leukocytes, i. sys-
tem, the combination of antigen, amboceptor and
complement.

immunity (im-u'-nit-e) [see immune]. Exemption
from disease; the condition of the body wherein it
resists the development of morbid processes; resis-
tance to infection. See Behring's law. i., acquired.
See i., active, i., active, that possessed by an indivi-
dual after recovering from certain infectious diseases;
or that induced by direct treatment with filtered or un-
filtered cultures resulting in the production in the body
of anti-bacterial or antitoxic substances, i., antitoxic,
immunity against toxins. L, congenital, i., natural,
that with which the individual is born. L, passive,
that conferred by the introduction of antitoxins or
vaccines. L, theory of, Buchner's humoral, this
supposes that a reactive change has been brought
about in the integral cells of the body by the primary
affection from which there has been recovery, and
this change is protective against similar invasions of
the same organism, i., theory of, Chauveau's re-
tention, proposed that bacteria, [instead of removing
certain essential food-principles from the body, left
within the body certain excretory products, and that
the accumulation of these products tended to prevent
the subsequent invasion of the same species of
bacteria. 1., theory of, Ehrlich's side-chain, con-
siders the individual cells of the body analogous in a
certain sense to complex organic substances, and
that they consist essentially of a central nucleus to
which secondary atom-groups having distinct
physiological functions are attached by side-chains
such as chemists represent in their attempts to illus-
trate the reactions which occur in the building up or
pulling down of complex organic substances. The
cell-equilibrium is supposed to be disturbed by
injury to any of the physiological atom-groups, as

IMMUNIZATION

457

IMPRESSION

by a toxin, and this disturbance results in an effort
at compensatory repair during which plastic material
in excess of the amount required is generated and
finds its way into the blood. This Ehrlich regards
as the antitoxin which is capable of neutralizing the
particular toxin to which it owes its origin, if this is
subsequently introduced into the blood. In this
theory a specific combining relation is assumed to
exist between various toxic substances and the
secondary atom-groups of certain cellular elements
of the body. The atom-groups which, in accordance
with this theory, combine with the toxin of any
particular disease-germ Ehrlich calls the toxiphoric
side-chain, i., theory of, Emmerich and Low's,
based upon the conclusion that many bacteria
generate enzymes capable of digesting the organism
by which they were generated and sometimes other
organisms as well, i., theory of, exhaustion hypothe-
sis, Pasteur's theory that immunity often afforded
to the tissues by an attack of infection or following
vaccination against infection is due to an abstraction
from the tissues by the organism concerned in the
primary attack of something necessary to the growth
of the infecting organism. It is opposed to the
retention theory of Chauveau. i., theory of, lateral
bond. See i., theory of, Ehrlich's side-chain, i.,
theory of, MetchnikofFs phagocytic. See under
Metchnikoff.

► immunization (im-u-niz-a'-shun) [see immune].
The act of rendering immune, i., Haffkine's method
of (against cholera), consists in the injection of a
definite quantity of sterilized culture; 5 days later a
small dose, and in 5 days more a larger dose, of
the living virulent culture.

immunizator (im-u-niz-a' -tor) . That which renders
immune.

immunize (im'-u-niz). To give immunity.

immunizing unit. See unit, serum-.

immunochemistry (im-u-no-kem'-is-tre). That
branch of chemistry which treats of immunity and
the reactions connected therewith.

immunologist (im-u-noV -o-jist) . One versed in the
science of immunity.

immunology (im-u-nol'-o-je). That branch of
science which is concerned with the study of im-
munity.

immunoprotein (im-u-no-pro' -te-in) . A protein
with bacteriolytic power, formed when attenuated
bacterial cultures are injected into animals.

immunotoxin (im-u-no-toks'-in). Any antitoxin.

impact (im'-pdkt) [impingere, to drive into or
against]. A forcible striking against.

impacted (im-pak'-ted).^ Driven against and re-
tained, as a wedge, i. fracture. See fracture,
impacted.

impaction (im-pak'-shun) [see impact]. 1. Con-
cussion. 2. The state of being impacted or fixed in a
part, as impaction of the feces or impaction of a
fragment of bone into another fragment.

impalpable (im-pal '-pa-bT) [in, not; palpare, to
feel]. Not capable of being felt; unappreciable by
touch, i. powder, a powder so fine that its separate
particles cannot be felt.

impaludism (im-pal' -u-dizm) [in, in; palus, a
marsh]. Chronic malarial poisoning.

impar (im'-par) [in, not; par, equal]. Odd or
unequal, or without a fellow, i., ganglion, a small
ganglion on the coccyx.

imperative (im-per-'at-iv) [imperare, to command].
Peremptory; absolute; compulsory; binding, i.
conception, a conception or thought that dominates
the actions of an individual, although the falsity of
the conception may be recognized.

Imperatoria (im-per-at-o'-re-ah) [imperatorius, be-
longing to a commander]. A genus of umbelliferous
plants; masterworts. I. ostruthium, false pellitory
of Spain, is an aromatic stimulant, once prized as a
polychrest remedy, but now little used.

imperfection (im-per-fek'-shun) [imperfectus, im-
perfect]. A physical defect.

imperforate (im-per'-for-at) [in, not; perforare, to
pierce]. Without opening; not open or pervious, as
imperforate anus.

imperf oration (im-per-for-a'-shun) [in, not; per-
forare, to bore through]. Occlusion; applied espe-
cially to the anus, hymen, vagina, etc.

imperial (im-pe'-re-aV) [imperialis, pertaining to an
empire]. Sovereign^ commanding, i.-blue. Same
as spirit-blue. i. drink or draft, potus imperialis,
a solution of a half-ounce of potassium bitartrate

in three pints of hot water, to which are added four
ounces of sugar and half an ounce of fresh lemon-
peel. It is a good ' diuretic and refrigerant drink.
i. granum, a farinaceous food for infants. Its com-
position is: Water 5.49, fat 1.01, a trace each of grape-
sugar and cane-sugar, starch 78.93, soluble carbo-
hydrates 3-56, albuminoids 10.51, gum, cellulose,
etc., 0.50, ash 1.16. i.-green. Same as Schweinfurth-
green. i.-violet. Same as rosanilin-violet. i. weights
and measures, those adopted in Great Britain; the
old weights and measures in opposition to the
metric system. See Weights and Measures.

impermeable (im-per' -me-a-bl) [in, not; per,
through; meare, to go]. Not permitting passage:
not capable of being traversed.

impervious (im-per' -ve-us) [in, not; pervius,
capable of passage]. Not permitting passage, especi-
ally passage of fluids.

impetiginoid (im-pet-ij'-in-oid). Same as impeti-
ginous.

impetiginous (im-pet-ij'-in-us) [impetigo]. Affected
with or resembling impetigo.

impetigo (im-pet-i'-go) [impetere, to attack]. An
acute inflammatory disease of the skin characterized
by discrete, rounded pustules, unattended, as a rule,
by itching or other subjective symptoms, i. adenosa,
an acute contagious, febrile, cutaneous disease charac-
terized by glistening pustules containing a yellow
fluid and surrounded by a bright yellow zone. It is
attended by pain in the joints, protracted vomiting,
chills, and enlarged lymph-glands, i. contagiosa,
an acute inflammatory contagious disease, charac-
terized by the appearance of vesicles or blebs that
dry into flat, straw-colored crusts, i. herpetiformis,
a rare disease of the skin, characterized by the
formation of superficial miliary pustules that may
be discrete, but tend to form circular groups. It is
most common in pregnant women, i. syphilitica, a
syphilitic eruption having the characters of small
flat pustules, i. variolosa, that occurring among the
pustules of smallpox when they are drying up.

impetus (im'-pe-tus) [L.]. 1. Force or momen-
tum. 2. The onset or attack of a disease, or of a
paroxysm.

implacental (im-pla-sen'-tal) [in, not; placenta].
Without a placenta.

implantation (im-plan-ta'-shun) [in, in; plantar et
to set]. The act of setting in, as the transplantation
of a tooth from the jaw of one person to that of
another; the ingrafting of epidermis from the skin
of one person upon the body of another; the repair
of a wounded intestine by uniting the divided ends.
i., hypodermic, the introduction of a medicine under
the skin. L, parenchymatous, the introduction of
remedial agents into a neoplasm. L, teratologic, a
monstrosity consisting of an imperfect, joined to a
perfect, fetus.

imponderable (im-pon'-der-a-bV) [in, not; pondus,
weight]. Incapable of being weighed; without
weight, i., fluids, an ancient term, formerly applied
to light, heat, and electricity.

importation (im-por-ta'-shun) [in, in; portare, to
carry]. Transference from another locality or
foreign country, i. of disease, the carrying of the
contagion of disease.

impotence (im'-po-tens) [in, not; potens, powerful].
Lack of power, especially lack of sexual power in the
man.

impotency (im'-po-ten-se). See impotence.

impregnate (im-preg'-nat) [impregnare, to make
pregnant]. 1. To render pregnant. 2. To saturate
or charge with.

impregnation (im-preg-na'-shun) [see impregnate].
1. The act of rendering pregnant; fecundation. 2.
The process of saturating with or charging with.

impressio (im-presh'-e-d) [L.]. An impression,
i. cardiaca, a shallow depression on the upper surface
of the liver for the heart, i. colica, an impression on
the under surface of the right lobe of the liver for the
hepatic flexure of the colon, i. duodenalis, an im-
pression on the liver made by the duodenum, i.
gastrica, an impression made on the liver by the
stomach, i. pylorica, an impression made on the
liver by the pyloric end of the stomach, i. renalis,
an impression on the under surface of the liver for
the right kidney and suprarenal capsule, i. supra-
renalis, a depressed area on the liver made by the
suprarenal gland.

impression (im-presh'-un) [imprimere, to press
upon]. 1. A hollow or depression. 2. The effect

IMPRESSIONABLE

458

INCISURA

produced upon the mind, the body, or a disease by
external influence, i.s, digital, small roundish pits
on the inner surface of the bones of the skull. Syn.,
impressiones digitatce. i.s, maternal, the effects sup-
posed to be produced upon the fetus in the uterus by
mental impressions received by the mother during
pregnancy, i.-preparation, a cover-glass upon which
an entire bacterial colony has been fixed by pressing
the glass lightly upon the colony. Syn., Klatschpra-
parat.

impressionable (im-presh'-un-a-bl). Readily sus-
ceptible to impressions, i. heart, the condition of
the heart in which it is very liable to functional
disturbance.

impressorium (im-pres-o'-re-um) [L.]; The seat of
impressions; sensorium.

improcreance (im-pro'-kre-ans) [in, not; procreare,
to beget]. The natural or acquired condition of being
unable to procreate, e. g., after the menopause; re-
moval of the ovaries; lack of spermatozoa.

improcreant (im-pro'-kre-ant). Incapable of pro-
creating.

impuberal (im-pu'-ber-al) [in, not; pubes, pubes].
Destitute of hair on the pubes. Not of adult age.

impulse (im'-puls) [impeller e, to drive against].

1. A push or communicated force. 2. A sudden
mental feeling that urges onward to an action.
i., cardiac, the beat of the heart felt in the fifth inter-
costal space to the left of the sternum. L, morbid,
a sudden, almost uncontrollable desire to do an un-
lawful act-
impulsion (im-pul'-shun) [impellere, to impel].

The act of driving or urging onward, either mentally
or physically.

impunctate (im-punk'-tat) [in, not; punctate].
Not pricked with dots; not punctate.

impurity (im-pu'-rit-e) [in, not; purus, pure or
clean]. 1. Want of purity or cleanliness. 2. Adult-
eration in chemistry, the condition of containing some
substance other than that desired. In medicine, a
want of clearness in the sounds of the heart, but not
sufficient to cause a murmur. 3. The substance
which causes uncleanness or adulteration by its
presence, i., respiratory, the excess of carbon
dioxide in the air of a room over that in the outside
air.

imputability (im-pu-tab-il'-it-e). In legal medicine,
that degree of mental soundness that makes one
responsible for his own acts.

In. Chemical symbol of indium.

in- [L.]. 1. A prefix signifying in or within.

2. A prefix signifying negation. 3. A prefix signify-
ing intensive action. 4. [Is, fiber], a prefix denoting
fibrin or fibrous tissue.

-in. A termination of no precise significance,
mostly applied to bodies the structure of which is
not yet known. In materia medica the names of
glucosides and neutral principles terminate in -in, and
are thus distinguished from alkaloids which have the
termination -ine.

inacidity (in-as-id'-it-e) [in-; acidity]. Want of
acidity; applied to deficiency of hydrochloric acid in
the gastric juice.

inaction (in-ak'-shun). Diminution or lack of
response to a stimulus.

inactivate (in-ak'-tiv-at). To render inactive;
usually applied to a hemolytic or immune serum the
complement of which has been destroyed by heat.

inactivation (in-ak-tiv-a'-shun). The destruction
of the activity of a body fluid, such as serum.

inactose (in-ak'-tos). An optically inactive
vegetable sugar.

inadequacy (in-ad'-e-kwa-se) [in-; adcequare, to
make equal]. Insufficiency. 1., renal, that state of
the kidney in which it is unable to remove from the
blood a sufficient proportion of the effete matters
that are normally excreted by it.

inalimental (in-al-im-en'-tal) [in- ; alimentum, food].
Not nourishing; not suitable for food.

inanagenesis (in-an-aj-en'-es-is) [is, fiber; &v&,
again; ykvtcns, production]. The renewal or regen-
eration of muscular fiber.

inanaphysis (in-an-af'-is-si) [is, fiber; &va, again;
4>i)<ns, growth]. Same as inanagenesis.

inangulate (in-ang'-u-lat). Having no angles.

inanimate (in-an'-im-at) [in-; animus, life]. Not
animate; dead; without life.

inanition (in-an-ish'-un) [inanire, to make empty].
Emptiness; want of food; wasting of the body from
starvation.

inappetence (in-ap'-et-ens) [in- ; appetere, to desire].
Loss of appetite.

inarticulate (in-ar-tik'-u-lat) [in-; articulus, a
joint]. 1. Not jointed or articulated. 2. Vocal
sounds not capable of arrangement into syllables, or
of being understood.

in articulo mortis (in ar-tik'-u-lo mor'-tis). [L]. At
the point of death.

inassimilable (in-as-im'-il-a-bl) [in-; ad, to; simi-
lar e, to make like]. Incapable of assimilation.

inaxon, inaxone (in-aks'-on) [Is, fiber; &£a>v, axis].
A neuron with a long axon; its axis-cylinder processes
for the most part are inclosed within a sheath.

inca bone. The interparietal bone. Syn., in-
carial bone, q. v.

incallosal (in-cal-o'-sal) [in, priv.; callosum].
Without a callosum.

incanate, incanous (in'-kan-at, in'-kan-us) [in-
canus, hoary]. Hoary white.

incandescent (in-kan-des'-ent) [incandescere, to
become white-hot]. Glowing; emitting luminous
heat-rays; heated to the degree of emitting light.
i. light, one in which light is produced by the passage
of an electric current through a strip of carbon or
platinum suspended in a vacuum.

incapsuled (in-kap'-suld) [in-, in; capsula, a small
box]. Inclosed in a capsule; capsulated.

incarcerated (in-kar'-ser-a-ted) [incarcerare, to
imprison]. Imprisoned; held fast, as incarcerated
hernia.

incarceration (in-kar-ser-a'-shun) . The imprison-
ment of a part, as of the placenta.

incarial bone (in-ka'-re-al) [Peruvian, inca, a
prince]. The interparietal bone; usually in adult
man a part of the occipital bone. It is called incarial,
because, in the skeletons of ancient Peru, the land of
the Incas, it is often persistent as a distinct bone.

incarnant (in-karn'-ant) [incarnare, to make flesh].

1. Flesh-forming; promoting granulation. 2. A rem-
edy or agent which produces flesh or promotes granu-
lation.

incarnatio (in-kar-na'-sjte-o) [L.]. Conversion into
flesh, i. unguis, the ingrowing of a nail. See
onychogryphosis.

incarnation (in-kar-na'-shuri). 1. Becoming flesh.

2. Granulation.

incarnification (in-kar-nif-ik-a'-shun). Same as
incarnation.

inceal (in'-se-al). See incudal.

incest (in'-sest) [incestus, not chaste]. Sexual
intercourse between persons of near relationship.

inch. The twelfth part of a foot; it equals 25.39954
millimeters.

incidence (in'-sid-ens) [incidere, to fall upon].
A falling upon. The direction in which one body
strikes another, i., angle of, in optics, the angle at
which a ray of light strikes a reflecting or refracting
surface, i., line of, the path of a ray or a projectile.
i., point of, the point upon which a ray or projectile
strikes a reflecting or refracting surface.

incident (in'-sid-ent) [see incidence]. 1. Falling
upom 2. Same as afferent.

incineration (in-sin-er-a'-shun) [in, in; cineres,
ashes]. The process of heating organic substances
until all organic matter is driven off and only the
ash remains; cremation.

incipient (in-sip'-e-ent) [incipiens, beginning].
Beginning to exist.

incisal (in-si'-zal) [incisio, a cutting]. Applied to
the cutting-edge of incisors.

incised (in-sizd'). Cut or notched, i. wound,
a cleanly cut wound, one made by a sharp-edged
instrument.

incision (in-sizh'-uri) [incisio, a cutting]. 1. The
act of cutting into anything. 2. A wound made with
a cutting instrument, i., confirmatory, i., diagnostic,
i., exploratory, section for diagnostic purposes.
L, crucial, a cross-shaped incision, consisting of two
incisions crossing each other at right angles.

incisive (in-si'-siv) [see incision]. 1. Cutting.
2. Pertaining to the incisor teeth, i. bone, that part
of the superior maxilla between the two clefts in
double harelip. Syn., intermaxillary bone.

incisor (in-si'-zor) [see incision]. 1. Anything that
cuts, especially an incisor tooth. See under tooth.
2. That which supplies the incisor teeth, as the
incisor nerve.

incisura (in-si-su'-rah) [see incision], A notch; an
incision, i., acetabuli, the cotyloid notch, i. cardi-
aca, a notch in the anterior border of the left lung.

INCISURE

459

INDEX

i. cerebelli, the sulcus dividing the cerebellar hemi-
spheres, i. cerebelli anterior, the notch separating
the hemispheres of the cerebellum in front, i.
cerebelli posterior, the notch separating the hemi-
spheres of the cerebellum behind, i. intertragica,
the notch between the tragus and antitragus. i.
Rivini, notch at the upper border of the inner end of
the external auditory meatus, i. Santorini, either
one of the two notches in the cartilaginous portion
of the external auditory meatus, i. temporalis, the
ectorhinal sulcus, a notch half-way between the
temporal pole and the uncus, i. tentorii, a deep
notch in the tentorium cerebelli for the mid-
brain.

incisure (in-si'-zhur) [see incision]. A slit or notch.
i.s of Lantermann, i.s of Schmidt, oblique lines
running across the white substance of the internodal
segments of medullated nerve-fibers.

inclination (in-klin-a'-shuri) [indinare, to incline].
i. A propensity; a leading. 2. The deviation of the
long axis of a tooth from the vertical, i. of uterus,
obliquity of the uterux.

inclinometer (in-klin-om'-et-er) [indinare; iikrpov,
a measure]. A device for determining the diameter
of the eye from the horizontal and vertical lines.

inclusio fcetalis (in-kloo'-ze-o fe-ta'-lis). See in-
dusion, fetal.

inclusion (in-kloo'-zhun) [indusio, a shutting up].
1. The state of being shut in. 2. The act of shutting
in. 3. That which is shut in. i. body, the granular
substance of a red blood-corpuscle, said to be the
remnant of a nucleus, i., fetal, a monstrosity in
which one fetus is included in and overgrown by the
tissues of the other fetus.

incoagulable {in-ko-ag'-u-la-bl) [in, not; coagulare,
to curdle]. That which will not curdle or coagulate.

incoercible (in-ko-er'-sib-l). Uncontrollable, i.
vomiting, pernicious vomiting.

incoherence (in-ko-her'-ens) [in, not; cohcerere, to
cling together]. The quality of being incoherent;
absence of connection of ideas or of language ; incon-
gruity or inconsequence of diction.

incoherent {in-ko-he'-rent) [in-; cohcerere, to stick
together]. Not connected; without proper sequence.

incombustible (in-com-bus'-tib-l) [in, not; comburere,
to burn up]. Incapable of burning.

incombustibility (in-com-bus-tib-il'-it-e) [in, not;
comburere, to burn up]. The state of being incom-
bustible.

incompatibility (in-kom-pat-ib-il'-it-e). [see incom-
patible]. The state of being incompatible. It may
be chemical or physiological or therapeutic.

incompatible (in-kom-pat'-ib-l) [in-; compatible].
Of two substances, not miscible without chemical
change that destroys the usefulness of either or both;
nor capable of being administered together on account
of antagonistic properties.

incompetence, incompetency (in-kom'-pe-tens, in-
kom'-pe-ten-se) [in-; competens, sufficient]. In-
capacity; inadequacy; inability to perform the
natural functions, i. of the cardiac valves, an
imperfect state of the valves of the heart in which
they permit the return of blood into the cavity from
which it came.

incongruence (in-kon'-groo-ens) [incongruens, in-
consistent]. Lack of congruence, i., retinal, lack
of correspondence in the situation of the percipient
elements of the two retinae.

incongruity (in-kon-groo'-it-e) [in, not; congruere,
to go together]. Absence of agreement or of needful
harmony.

inconscient (in-kon'-she-ent) [in, priv.; conscius,
aware of]. Done without consciousness; applied to
impulsive muscular action.

inconstant (in-kon'-stant) [in, priv.; constare, to
stand together]. Changeable; not constant.

incontinence {in-kon' -tin-ens) [in-; continere, to
contain]. 1. Inability to control the escape of
anything, as of the feces or the urine; involuntary
evacuation. 2. Venereal indulgence; lewdness.

incoordination (in-ko-or-din-a'-shun). Inability
to produce voluntary muscular movements in proper
order or sequence.

incorporation (in-kor-por-a'-shtm) [in-; corpus, a
body]. The process of intimately mixing the
particles of different bodies into a practically homo-
geneous mass.

incrassate (in-kras'-at) [in, in; crassare, to make
thick]. Thickened or swollen.

incrassation {in-kras-a'-shun) [in, in; crassus,

thick]. The process of making thick, as by inspissa-
tion; enlargement of a part, due to fatness.

increment {in'-kre-ment) [in-; crescere, to grow].
Increase or growth.

incremental (in-kre-men'-tal) [incrementum,
growth]. Pertaining to increment or growth.
i. lines. See Salter's lines.

incrustation (in-krus-ta'-shuri) [in-; crusta, crust].
The formation of a crust, especially a crust-like
deposit of mineral salts.

incubation {in-ku-ba'-shun) [in-; cubare, to lie].

1. The process of sitting upon eggs to favor hatching.

2. The period of a disease between the implanting of
the contagium and the development of the symptoms.

3. The process of development of a fecundated ovum.

4. The keeping of a culture in an incubator to obtain
the maximum bacterial growth.

incubator (in'-ku-ba-tor) [see incubation]. A device
for the artificial hatching of eggs or for the culti-
vation of bacteria; a contrivance for rearing prema-
turely born children.

incubus (in'-ku-bus) [L., "nightmare"]. 1. Night-
mare. 2. Anciently, a male demon supposed to have
sexual connection with women in their sleep.

incudal (ing'-ku-dal) [incus]. Relating to the
incus.

incudectomy {ing-ku-dek' -to-me) [incus; Iktoixt], a
cutting out]. The surgical removal of the incus.

incudiform (in-ku'-dif-orm) [incus, anvil; forma,
form]. Shaped like an anvil.

incudomaJleal (ing-ku-do-mal'-e-al) [incus; malleus].
Relating to the incus and the malleus.

incudostapedial {ing-ku-do-sta-pe' -de-aV) [incus;
stapes]. Relating to the incus and the stapes.

incuneation (in-ku-ne-a'-shun) [incuneatio, a wedg-
ing]. 1. The impaction of a fracture or of the fetal
head. 2. The same as gomphosis.

incurable {in-ku'-ra-bl) [in-; curabilis, curable].
Not curable.

incurvation (in-ker-va'-shun) [incurvare, to bend}.
The state of being bent or curved in.

incurvorecurved (in-ker-vo-re-kervd') . Curved in-
ward and then backward.

incus (ing'-kus) [L., "an anvil"]. The middle one
of the chain of bones in the middle ear, so termed
from^ts resemblance to an anvil.

incustapedic (ing-ku-stap-e'-dik). See incudosta-
pedial.

in d. Abbreviation for in dies [L.] daily.

indagation {in-da-ga' -shun) [indagare, to trace out].
1. Close investigation. 2. Digital examination.

indecent (in-de' '-sent) [indecens, unbecoming]. Not
decent; obscene, i. exposure. See exhibitionism.

indecision {in-de-sizh'-un). Morbid irresolution;
want of firmness or of will; abulia or hypobulia.

indehiscent (in-de-his'-ent) [in, not; hiscere, to
gap]. In biology, not opening spontaneously.

indentation (in-den-la' -shun) [in-; dens, a tooth].

1. A notch, dent, or depression. 2. A condition of
being notched or serrated, i. of tongue, the notching
of the borders of the tongue made by the teeth.

index (in'-deks) [L.]. 1. The first or fore-finger.

2. The relation or ratio of one part to another taken
as a standard, i., alveolar, the degree of prominence
of the jaws, measured by the basialveolar length
multiplied by 100 and divided by the basinasal
length. When the alveolar index is less than 98,
the skull is orthognathic; when more than 103,
prognathic; when intermediate, mesognathic. i.t
cephalic, the breadth of a skull multiplied by 100
and divided by its length. When this is below 75.
the skull is called dolichocephalic; when above 80,
it is called br achy cephalic; between these limits,
mesaticephalic. i., cerebral, the ratio of the greatest
transverse to the greatest anteroposterior diameter
of the cranial cavity, multiplied by 100. i., color,
the amount of hemoglobin contained in each red
blood corpuscle; the quotient of the hemoglobin per-
centage divided by the percentage of red cells, i. of
diffusion, as applied to agar jelly containing stain and
other substances — the sum of its diffusion-delaying
ingredients subtracted from its diffusion-accelerating
constituents added to the quantity of stain in the
jelly, i.-finger, the first finger, i., gnathic, the
ratio of the distance between the basion and the alve-
olar point to the distance between the basion and
the nasal point, multiplied by 100. i., hemorenal
salt, tbe ratio of the amount of inorganic salts
in the urine to that in the blood. i., length-
breadth. See *., cephalic, i. movement. See under

INDEXOMETER

460

-INE

movement, forced, i., obturator (of the pelvis), the
transverse diameter multiplied by ioo and divided
by the vertical diameter, i., opsonic. See opsonic.
L, palatine, the ratio of the maximum breadth of the
palatine arch to its maximum length, i., pelvic.
See pelvic index, i. of refraction, the ratio of the
sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle
of refraction when a ray of light passing from one
medium to another is refracted, i., refractive, the
coefficient of refraction, i., thoracic, the ratio of
the anteroposterior diameter to the transverse, ex-
pressed in percentage, i., vertical, the ratio of the
vertical diameter of the skull to the maximum antero-
posterior diameter, multiplied by ioo. i., volume,
the relation of the volume of the red corpuscles to
their number.

indexometer (in-deks-om' -et-ur) [index; p.krpov,
measure]. An instrument to determine the index of
refraction of liquids.

Indian corn (in'-de-an). See zea mays. I. hemp.
See cannabis indica. I. poke. Veratrum viride, q. v.
I. tobacco. See lobelia.

India ink method. A method of making the
Spirochceta pallida visible under the microscope by
means of India ink.

India-rubber. See caoutchouc.

indican (in'-dik-an) [indigo], i. C26H31NO17. A
glucoside occurring in indigo-plants, and by the
decomposition of which indigo is produced. 2. Po-
tassium indoxyl-sulphate, CsHeNSO^K, a substance
occurring in urine and sweat, and formed from indol.
For tests, see Jaffe, MacMunn, Obermeyer, Weber.

indicanidrosis (in-dik-an-id-ro'-sis) [indican; iSp&s,
sweat]. The presence of indican in the perspiration.

indicant (in'-dik-ant) [indicare, to indicate].

1. Serving as an index or as an indication. 2. A
fact or symptom that indicates a certain treatment;
an indication.

indicanuria (in-dik-an-u'-re-ah) [indican; ovpov,
urine]. Morbid excess of indican in the urine. See
Jaffe, MacMunn, Obermeyer , Weber.

indication (in-dik-a'-shun) [indicare, to point out].
That which points out; a guide, especially that which
points out the course of treatment.

indicator (in'-dik-a-tor). 1. The index-finger.

2. The extensor indicis muscle. 3. In chemistry,
a substance used to show by a color-change when a
change of reaction has taken place or a chemical
affinity has been satisfied. 4. A mechanism like
the hand of a dial to register movements or processes.

indicium (in-dish' -e-um) [L.: pi., indicia]. A
symptom or sign; a discrimination or diagnostic mark.

indicophose (in'-dik-o-foz). A blue-colored phose.

indifferent (in-dif'-er-ent) [in-; differ ens, different].
1. Not differentiated; not tending to build up tissue,
as indifferent cells. 2. Not readily acted upon by
agents. 3. Neutral.

indifferentism (in-dif'-er-ent-izm) [in, not; differ ens,
different]. Lack of special differentiation.

indigenous (in-dij'-en-us) [indu, within; gignere,
to beget]. Native; originating or belonging to a cer-
tain locality or country.

indigestion (in-di-jes'-chun) [in-; digerere, to
digest]. Imperfect digestion.

indigitation (in-dij-it-a'-shun) [in-; digitus, a
finger]. 1. A displacement of a part of the intestine
by intussusception. 2. Invagination.

indiglucin (in-de-gloo'-sin) [indigo; j\vkvs, sweet],
CeHioOe. A yellow syrup, one of the decomposition-
products of indican.

indigo (in'-dig-o) [LvSikov, indigo], C16H10N2O2. A
blue pigment formed by the decomposition of the
indican contained in various species of Indigofera
(Indigofera tinctoria, I. anil, I. argented), or in the
urine and sweat, i.-blue, C16H10N2O2, a blue pig-
ment from indigo. Syn., indigotin. i.-carmin,
potassium or sodium sulphindigotate, used as a stain
in microscopy and as a test for sugar, i.-carmin
paper, paper charged with indigo-carmin and sodium
carbonate used as a test for sugar in urine, i.-red.
See indirubin. i. white, indigogen, a substance
obtained by the reduction of indigo-blue.

indigogen (in'-dig-o-jen). See indigo-white and
uroxanthin.

indigotin (in-dig-o'-tin). See indigo-blue.

indigouria (in-dig-o-u'-re-ah) [indigo ; ovpov, urine].
The presence of indigo in the urine; it is due to a
decomposition of indican. See cyanurin.

indirect (in'-di-rekt) [in-; directus, straight]. Not
direct; not in a direct line; acting through an inter-

vening medium, i. cell-division. See karyokinesis.
i. vision, vision by some other part of the retina than
the macula.

indirubin (in-di-roo' -bin) [indigo; rubrum, red],
C16H10N2O2. A substance isomeric with indigo-blue
and very similar to it. It is produced by condensing
indoxyl with isatin by means of a dilute soda solution.
Syn., indigo-red. See Rosenbach, rosin.

indisposition (in-dis-po-zish'-un) [in-; dispositio,
disposition]. A slight illness not confining the
patient to bed.

indium (in'-de-um) [indicum, indigo, so-called from
its indigo-blue spectral line]. A rare metal. Sym-
bol In, atomic weight, 114.8. It is very soft, and
resembles lead in its properties. See elements,
table of.

indol (in'-dol) [indigo], CsHvN. A substance pro-
duced in pancreatic digestion, in intestinal putre-
faction, and in certain bacterial cultures. It occurs
in the feces, giving to them in part their odor, and
is eliminated in the urine in the form of indican, being
especially increased in intestinal obstruction. See
Baeyer, Nencki, Salkowski.

indolaceturia (in-dol-as-e-tu'-re-ah). Presence of
indolacetic acid in the urine.

indolemia {in-do-le'-me-ah) [Ivbbs, Indian; Xoijuos,
pestilence]. Asiatic cholera.

indolent (in' -do-lent) [in, not; dolere, to feel pain].
Sluggish, without pain; applied to ulcers, tumors,
etc.

indoxyl (in-doks'-il) [indigo; 6£i>s, sharp], CsH6-
(OH)N. The product derived from indol by oxi-
dation, as it takes place in the liver, i.-sulphate,
indican, CsHeNSCUK, a combination of indoxyl
with a sulphate and found in the urine.

indoxylsulphuric acid (in-doks-il-sul-fuf-rik). See
acid, indoxylsulphuric, and indican.

indoxyluria (in-doks-il-u'-re-ah) [indoxyl; ovpov,
urine]. Excess of indoxyl in the urine.

induced (in-diisd') [see induction]. 1. Produced by
induction, as induced electricity. 2. Produced arti-
ficially, as induced labor.

induction (in-duk'-shun) [inducer e, to lead in].
1. The act of bringing on. 2. The process of draw-
ing general conclusions from special facts. 3- The
production of electricity or magnetism in a body by
proximity to another body, which is electrified or
magnetized, but not in direct contact with it. i.-
balance, an instrument used for detecting the presence
of metallic bodies by the electric disturbance which
they cause, i.-coil, a wire wound around a bobbin,
used for conducting a galvanic current, by means of
which electricity is induced in a second coil.

inductogram (in-duk'-to-gram). See skiagram.

inductometer (in-duk-tom'-et-er) [induction; p'erpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for estimating the degree
of electric induction.

inductorium (in-duk-to'-re-um) [L., "a covering"].
An apparatus for producing induced currents,
i., DuBois-Reymond's, an induction apparatus with
a primary and secondary coil in which the primary
current is never opened, it being short-circuited.
It is used in physiological laboratories.

indulin {in'-du-lin). A coal-tar dye, used as a
tissue stain in histology.

induiinophil (in-du-lin'-o-fil) [indulin; <f>i\eiv, to
love]. Staining with indulin.

indurated (in'-du-ra-ted) [see induration]. Hard-
ened, as indurated chancre.

induration (in-du-ra'-shun) [in-; durus, hard].
Hardening of a tissue or part; the state of being or
becoming hard ; a hardened mass or lump, i., black,
the hardened, pigmented condition of the lung in
anthracosis. i., brown, a form of interstitial pneu-
monia in which there is, in addition to the new-
growth of fibrous tissue, a deposit of altered blood-
pigment. L, fibroid. See i., gray, and cirrhosis.
i., gray, the appearance of the lung in chronic pneu-
monia, the cut surface being smooth, glistening, gray,
and dense, i., red, an interstitial pneumonia in
which the lung is red from congestion.

indurative (in'-du-ra-tiv) . Pertaining to induration.

indurescent (in-du-res'-ent). Gradually becoming
hardened.

indusium (in-du'-ze-um) [induere, to put onj pi.,
indusia]. 1. A membranous covering. 2. The am-
nion. 3- A marginal layer of gray matter on the
corpus callosum, also called i. griseum.

-ine. A termination used in forming (1) the
names of the elements bromine, chlorine, fluorine,

INEBRIANT

461

INFLECTED

and iodine; (2) the names of the alkaloids. And
see -in.

inebriant (in-e'-bre-ant) [see inebriety], 1. Intoxi-
cant; causing inebriation. 2. An agent that causes
inebriation.

inebriation (in-e-bre-a'-shun) [see inebriety]. The
condition of drunkenness.

inebriety (in-e-bri'-et-e) [inebriare, to make drunk].
Habitual drunkenness.

inedia (in-e'-de-ah) [in, not; edere, to eat]. Syn-
onym of fasting.

inenucleable (in-e-nu' -kle-a-bV) [in, not; enucleare,
to shell out]. Not removable by enucleation.

inertia (in-er'-she-ah) [iners, inactive]. Sluggish-
ness; inability to move except by means of an ex-
ternal force. In physics, that property of matter
by virtue of which it is incapable of changing its
condition of rest or motion. L, uterine, sluggishness
of uterine contractions during labor.

in extremis (in eks-tre'-mis) [L.]. At the end; at
the last; at the point of death.

infancy (in'-fan-se) [infans, not able to speak, a
little child]. Early childhood, i., diseases of, those
to which infants are peculiarly liable.

infant (in'-fant) [infans, not able to speak, a little
child], 1. A babe. 2. According to English law, one
not having attained the age of 21.

infanticide (in-f ant' -is-td) [infant; ccedere, to kill].
1. The murder of an infant. 2. The murderer of an
infant.

infantile (in'-fan-til) [infant]. Pertaining to in-
fancy, i. hernia, oblique inguinal hernia behind the
funicular peritoneal process, i. paralysis, acute
anterior poliomyelitis, i. uterus, an undeveloped
womb.

infantilism (in-f ant' -il-izm) [infantile]. The per-
sistence of childish characteristics into adult life.
L, Lorain's type of, represented by an individual
small in stature but of the adult type, with pubic and
axillary hair wanting, and with fair intelligence.
i., myxedematous, a type characterized by chubby
face, prominent lips and abdomen, rudimentary
genitals, high-pitched voice, second dentition re-
tarded or absent, and infantile mental state.

infarct (in'-farkt) [infarcire, to stuff in]. A wedge-
shaped area, either of hemorrhage into an organ
(hemorrhagic infarct), or of necrosis in an organ
(anemic infarct), produced by the obstruction of a
terminal vessel, i., uric-acid, the deposition of
crystals of uric acid in the renal tubules of the new-
born.

infarction (in-f ark' -shun) [see infarct]. The pro-
duction of an infarct; also the infarct itself.

infect (in-fekt') [inficere, to put in, or corrupt].
To communicate or transmit the specific virus or
germs of disease.

infecting (in-f ek' -ting) [infection]. Causing infec-
tion, as an infecting embolus.

infection (in-f ek' -shun) [infectio, from in, into;
facere, to make]. 1. The communication of disease
from one body to another, or from one part to another
part of the same individual (autoinfection) . 2. The
material conveying _ the disease ; the disease-pro-
ducing agent, i.-atrium, the point of entrance of an
infection, i., consecutive, septic infection implanted
upon an already established morbid process, i.,
mixed, infection by more than one kind of bacterium
at the same time, i., secondary, same as »., consecu-
tive.

infectious (in-fek'-shus) [see infection]. 1. Com-
municating disease. 2. Caused by an infection.

infective (in-fek'-tiv) [infectio, infection]. Infec-
tious, i. angioma. See angioma serpiginosum.

infectivity (in-fek-tiv'-it-e) [inficere, to infect].
Infectiousness; the quality of being infectious.

infecundity (in-fe-kun'-dit-e) [in-; fecundus, fruit-
ful]. Sterility; barrenness.

mferent (in'-fer-ent). Same as afferent.

inferior (in-fe-'re-or) [comp. of inferus, low].
Lower.

inferocostal (in-fer-o-kos'-ial) [inferior; costa, a
rib]. Relating to the lower border of a rib or the
region beneath it.

inf erofrontal (in-fer-o-front'-al) [inferior ; frons, the
forehead]. Relating to the inferior part of the
frontal lobe.

inferolateral (in-fer-o-lat'-er-al) [inferus, low; latus,
side]. Situated below and to one side.

inferoposterior (in-fer-o-pos-te'-re-or) [inferus, low;
Posterius, posterior]. Situated backward and below.

infertility (in-fer-til'-it-e) [in, not; fertilis, fertile].
Same as sterility.

infestation (in-f es-ta' -shun). The state or condi-
tion of being infested. The term is used with refer-
ence to the presence of animal parasites in or on the
human body.

innbulation (in-fib-u-W -shun) [in- ; fibula, a clasp].
The operation of fastening the prepuce over the glans-
penis, or of fastening together the labia of the vagina.

infiltrate (in'-fil-trat) [see infiltration], 1. To ooze
into the spaces of a tissue. 2. The substance that
has oozed out.

infiltration (in-fil-ira'-shun) [in-; filtrare, to strain].
1. The entrance into the tissue-spaces or into the
tissue-elements of some abnormal substance or of a
normal substance in excess. 2. The material thus
deposited, i.-anesthesia, local anesthesia from
cocaine-injections, i., calcareous, the deposit of lime
and magnesium salts in the tissues, i., cellular, an
infiltration of the 'tissues with round-cells, i.,
circumferential, in surgery, cutting off the area of
operation from all nerve communication with sur-
rounding parts by a wall of anesthetizing edema,
i., fatty, the deposit of fat in the tissues; the presence
of oil- or fat-globules in the interior of a cell, i.,
glycogenic, the deposit of glycogen-granules in the
cells, i., pigmentary, the deposit of pigment in the
tissues, derived either from without or from within.
i., purulent, the presence of scattered pus-cells in a
tissue, i., serous, an infiltration of the tissues with
diluted lymph, i., tuberculous, a confluence of
tuberculous nodules, i., urinous, the effusion of
urine into a tissue, i., waxy, a deposit of waxy
substance.

infinite (in' -fin-it) [in-; finis, boundary]. Im-
measurable or innumerable; unlimited, when com-
pared with any known or conceivable quantity. L
distance, a term in optics practically taken as twenty
feet. Rays from an object at that distance and
entering the eye are practically parallel, as they
would be completely if coming from a point at a
really infinite distance.

infinitesimalism (in-fin-it-es' -im-al-izm) [infinitus,
boundless]. The doctrine that favors the infini-
tesimal dilution of drugs with the view of potentizing
them, or developing their power over disease.

infirm (in-ferm') [in-; firmus, firm]. Weak or
feeble.

infirmary (in-f er' -ma-re) [infirmarium, an in-
firmary], A hospital; an institution where ill and
infirm persons are maintained during the period of
treatment.

infirmity (in-fer'-mit-e) [infirm], 1. Weakness *r
feebleness. 2. A disease producing feebleness.

inflame (in-flam') [inflammare, to set on firel.
To undergo inflammation. To become unduly-
heated and turgid with blood, owing to a morbid
condition.

inflammation (in-flam-a'-shun) [inflammare, to set
on fire; to inflame]. A morbid condition with hyper-
emia, pain, heat, swelling, and disordered function^
It is accompanied by overfilling of the blood-vessels ,.
alteration in the blood-vessel walls, outwandering of
leukocytes, exudation of plasma, and multiplication
of the cells of the surrounding connective tissue.
i., acute, that in which the processes are active;
usually this form is characterized by the cardinal
symptoms of inflammation — heat, redness, swelling,
and pain, i., catarrhal, one occurring on a mucous
surface and causing the shedding of its epithelium.
i., chronic, that in which there is a building-up of new
connective tissue, i., interstitial, one affecting
chiefly the connective tissue of an organ. L, paren-
chymatous, one affecting chiefly the parenchyma of
an organ. i., plastic. Same as *'., productive, u
productive, that accompanied by the formation of
new tissue, i., reactive, an inflammation set up
around a focus of degeneration to limit the spread of
the degenerative process; also the inflammation
around a foreign body, i., specific, one due to a
special microorganism, and characterized by the
formation of a tumor-like nodule that tends to
degenerate, i., suppurative, that attended by the
formation of pus. i., toxic, that due to poison.

inflammatory (in-flam' -at-o-re) [inflammare, to
inflame]. Pertaining to inflammation.

inflation (in-fla'-shun) [inflare, to blow up]. Dis-
tention with air.

inflected (in-flek'-ted) [in, in; fleeter e, to bend].
Bent inward or downward.

INFLECTION

462

INFUSORIA

inflection, inflexion (in-flek'-shun). i. A bending
inward. 2. Modification of the pitch of the voice
in speaking.

indexed (in-fleksf) [inflectere, to bend]. Bent.
Same as inflected.

influenza (in-floo-en'-zah) [Ital., "an influence"].
An epidemic affection characterized by catarrhal
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
respiratory tract, accompanied by a mucopurulent
discharge, fever, pain in the muscles, and prostration.
At times symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal
system predominate; at others the symptoms are
mainly referred to the nervous system. The cause
of the disease is Bacillus influenza, discovered by
Pfeiffer and Canon. Complications are common,
pneumonia being the most frequent; pleurisy, otitis
media, and neuritis also occur. An occasional
sequel is insanity. Syn., grip; la grippe.

influenzin (in-floo-en'-zin). A proprietary remedy
said to be a mixture of phenacetin, caffeine, quinine,
salicylate, and sodium chloride; used in influenza.

influx {in'-fluks) [in, in; fluere, to flow]. An in-
flow. The act of flowing in.

infra- (in-frah-) [infra, below]. A prefix meaning
below or beneath.

infraaxillary (in-frah-aks'-il-a-re) [infra-; axilla,
the armpit]. Below the armpit.

infrabranchial (in-frah-brang'-ke-al) [infra-; bran-
chice, gills]. Beneath or below the gills.

infrabuccal (in-frah-buk'-al )[infra-; bucca, the
cheek]. In molluscs beneath the buccal mass.

infraclavicular (in-frah-klav-ik'-u-lar) [infra-; clavi-
cula, the collar-bone]. Below the collar-bone. i.
region, the space on the chest between the clavicle
and the third rib.

infracommissure (in-frah-com'-is-ur) [infra-; com-
mitter e, to unite]. The inferior commissure of the
brain.

infraconscious (in-frah-kon-shus) [infra-; conscius,
aware of]. Subconscious.

infraconstrictor (in-frah-kon-strik'-tor) [infra-; con-
stringer e, to bind together]. The inferior constrictor
of the pharynx. See muscles, table of.

infracortical (in-frah-kor'-tik-al) [infra-; cortex, a
bark]. Lying beneath the cortical substance of the
brain or kidney.

infracostal (in-frah-kos'-tal) [infra-; costa, a rib].
Below the ribs.

infracostales (in-frah-kos-ta'-lez). See muscles,
table of.

infracotyloid (in-frah-kot'-il-oid). Below the coty-
loid cavity or acetabulum.

infraction (in-frak'-shuri) [in-; fr actio, breaking].
Incomplete fracture of a bone.

infradiaphragmatic {in-frah-di-af -rag-mat' -ik) [in-
fra-; diaphragm]. Situated below the diaphragm.

infragenual (in-frah-jen'-u-al) [infra-; genu, the
knee]. Subpatellar.

inf raglenoid {in-frah-gle'-noid) [infra- ; yXyvn, cavity ;
eldos, likeness]. Located below the glenoid cavity.

infraglottic (in-frah-glot'-ik) [infra-; glottis]. Be-
low the glottis.

infrahyoid {in-frah-hi'-oid) [infra-; hyoid]. Situ-
ated below the hyoid bone.

infrainguinal {in-fra-in'-gwin-al) [infra-; inguen,
groin]. Below the inguinal region.

infralemnisc (in-frah-lem'-nisk) [infra-; lemniscus,
a pendent ribbon]. Wilder's term for the lower
lamina of the lemniscus.

inframammary (in-frah-mam'-ar-e) [infra- ; mamma,
the breast]. Situated beneath the mamma, i.
region, the area on the chest below the sixth rib.

inframarginal {in-frah-mar'-jin-al). See submar-
ginal. i. convolution, the inferior temporal gyrus.

inframaxillary (in-frah-maks'-il-a-re) [infra-; max-
illa, the jaw]. Below or under the jaw.

intraoccipital (in-frah-ok-sip'-et-al). See subocci-
pital.

inf raocclusion (in-frah-ok-loo'-zhuri) . Failure of ap-
position of one or more teeth when the jaws are closed.

infraorbital (in-frah-or'-bit-al) [infra-; orbita, orbit].
Beneath or below the floor of the orbit, i. canal,
the canal in the superior maxillary bone that trans-
mits the infraorbital vessels and nerve, i. foramen.
See foramen, infraorbital.

infrapatellar (in-frah-pa-teV-ar). Pertaining to
parts below the patella.

infraprotein (in-frah-pro'-te-in). See metaprotein.

infrapubic (in-frah-pu'-bik). Pertaining to parts
below the pubis.

infrarectus (in-frah-rek'-tus) [infra-; rectus,
straight]. The inferior rectus muscle of the eye.
See muscles, table of.

infrascapular (in-frah-skap'-u-lar) [infra-; scapula].
Below the shoulder-blade.

infraspinatus (in-frah-spi-na'-tus). See muscles,
table of.

infraspinous (in-frah-spi'-nus) [infra-; spina, a
spine]. Beneath a. spine, as of the scapula or a
vertebra, i. fascia, the dense membranous fascia
covering the infraspinous muscle, i. fossa, the
shallow depression on the dorsal surface of the scapula,
below the spine, and lodging the infraspinatus muscle.
i. muscle. See infraspinatus under muscle.

infrastapedial (in-frah-sta-pe'-de-al) [infra-; stapes].
Below .the stapes.

infrasternal (in-frah-ster'-naty [infra-; sternum].
Below the sternum, i. depression, the depression of
the ensiform cartilage.

infratemporal (in-frah-tem' '-po-ral) [infra-; tempora,
the temple]. Situated beneath the temporal bone.

intrathoracic (in-frah-tho-ras'-ik) [infra-; thorax].
Below the thorax.

infratonsillar (in-frah-ton' -sil-ar) [infra-; tonsilla,
the tonsil]. Below the tonsil.

infratrochlea {in-frah-trok'-le-ah) [infra-; trochlea,
a pulley]. Below the trochlea, i. nerve. See
nerves, table of.

infratrochlear (in-frah-trok'-le-ar). See subtro-
chlear.

infraturbinal (in-frah-tur'-bin-al) [infra-; turbo, a
wheel, top]. Inferior turbinal. See bones, table of.

infraumbilical (in-frah-um-bil'-ik-al). Situate be-
low the umbilicus.

infra vaginal (in-frah-vaj'-in-al) [infra-; vagina].
Situated below the vaginal vault.

infriction (in-frik'-shun) [infrictio, a rubbing in].
The rubbing of a surface with an ointment or lini-
ment.

infundibula (in-fun-dib'-u-lah) [L.]. Plural of
infundibulum, q. v.

infundibular (in-fun-dib'-u-lar) [infundibulum].
Pertaining to a funnel or resembling one; infundibuli-
form.

infundibuliform (in-fun-dib-u'-le-form) \infundi-
bulum; forma, a form]. Funnel-shaped, i. fascia,
the funnel-shaped membranous layer that invests the
spermatic cord.

infundibulin {in-fun-dibf -u-lin) . An extract of the
posterior lobe of the pituitary body.

infundibuloovarian (in-fun-dib-u-lo-o-va'-re-an) [in-
fundibulum; ovarium, ovary]. Relating to the ovi-
duct and to the ovary.

infundibulopelvic (in-fun-dib-u-lo-pel'-vik). Re-
lating to the oviduct and the pelvis.

infundibulum (in-fun-dib'-u-lum) [L., "a funnel"].
A funnel-shaped passage or part. i. of brain, a
tubular mass of gray matter attached to the pituitary
body. i. of cochlea, a small cavity at the end of the
modiolus, i. of ethmoid bone, a canal connecting
the anterior ethmoid cells with the middle meatus
of the nose. i. of heart, the arterial cone from which
the pulmonary artery arises, i. of kidney, one of the
primary divisions of the pelvis of the kidney, i. of
lung, one of the air-spaces into which a terminal bron-
chiole divides, and which is composed of an aggre-
gation of air-vesicles, i. of oviduct, the cavity formed
by the fringes at the ovarian end of an oviduct.

infundin (in-fun'-din). Trade name of a prepara-
tion of the posterior lobe of the pituitary body.

infused (in-filzd') [inf under e, to pour in]. Ex-
tracted; steeped, i. oils. See olea infusa.

infusible (in-fii'-zib-l). Incapable of being fused.

infusion {in-fu'-zhun) [infusum]. 1. The process
of extracting the active principles of a substance by
means of water, but without boiling. 2. The
product of such a process, known in pharmacy as
infusum (q. v.). 3. The slow injection of liquid into
a vein, i., dural, the use of the lumbar puncture
for immediate applications in cerebrospinal diseases.

infusodecoction, infusodecoctum (in-fu-zo-de-kok'-
shun, -turn). A combination of a decoction of a
substance with an infusion of it.

infusor (in-fu'-zor) [L.]. An instrument by means
of which water or a medicated liquid may be made to
flow slowly into a vein, or into the parenchymatous
tissues.

Infusoria (in-fu-zo'-re-ah) [infusum]. A class of
Protozoa so called because they often develop in
great numbers in organic infusions.

INFUSUM

463

IN-KNEE

infusum {in-fu'-zum) [in-; fundere, to pour]. An
infusion, i. digitalis (U. S. P.), infusion of digitalis.
Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). i. pruni virginianae (U. S. P.).,
infusion of wild cherry. Dose 2 oz. (6o Cc). i.
sennae compositum (U. S. P.), compound infusion
of senna; black draught. Dose 4 oz. (128 Cc).

ingesta {in-jes'-tah) [in-; gerere, to carry]. Sub-
stances introduced into the body, especially foods.

ingestion {in-jes'-chun) [ingesta], 1. The act of
taking substances, especially food, into the body.
2. The process by which a cell takes up foreign
matters, such as bacilli or smaller cells.

ingestol {in-jes'-tol). A proprietary remedy for
use in gastric and intestinal diseases. Syn., amarol.

ingluvial {in-gloo' -ve-al) [ingluvies, the crop]. Per-
taining to the ingluvies.

ingluvies {in-gloo' -ve-ez) [L.]. 1. The crop or craw
of birds. 2. The paunch or rumen of ruminating
mammals.

ingluvin {in'-gloo-vin) [ingluvies]. A preparation
obtained from the gizzard of a fowl, Pullus gallinaceus,
used as a substitute for pepsin and pancreatin, and
also in the vomiting of pregnancy. Dose 10-20 gr.
(0.65-1.3 Gm.).

Ingrassias, processes of, I., wings of {in-gras'-e-as)
[Giovanni Filippo Ingrassias, Italian physician, 1510-
1580]. The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.

ingravescent {in-grav-es'-ent) [ingravescere, to be-
come heavier]. Increasing in weight or in severity,
as ingravescent apoplexy.

ingravidation {in-grav-id-a'-shun). See impregna-
tion.

ingredient {in-gre'-de-ent) [ingredi, to step into].
Any substance that enters into the formation of a
compound.

ingrowing nail. See nail, ingrowing.

inguen (in'-gwen) [L.]. The groin.

inguinal {in'-gwin-al) [inguen]. Pertaining to the
groin, i. canal, the canal transmitting the spermatic
cord in the male and the round ligament in the female.
It is situated parallel to and just above Poupart's
ligament, i. glands, the superficial and the deep
glands of the groin, i. hernia. See hernia, inguinal.
i. ligament, Poupart's ligament, q. v.

inguino- {in' -gwin-o-) [inguen, the groin]. In
composition, pertaining to the groin.

inguinoabdominal. Pertaining conjointly to the
groin and the abdomen.

inguinocrural. Relating to the groin and the
thigh.

inguinocutaneous. Relating to the integument of
the groin.

inguinodynia {in-gwin-o-din' -e-ah) [inguen; 68vvri,
pain]. Pain in the groin. •

inguinointerstitial {in-gwin-o-in-ter-stish'-al) [in-
guen ; interstitial]. Within the tissues of the inguinal
region.

inguinolabial {in-gwin-o-la'-be-al). Relating to the
groin and a labium majus.

inguinoscrotal {in-gwin-o-skro'-tal). Relating to
the groin and the scrotum.

ingulation {in-gu-la' -shun) [in, into'; gula, the
throat]. The introduction of anything into the
throat.

ingurgitation {in-gur-jit-a' -shun) [ingurgitatio, a
swallowing]. 1. The act of swallowing; deglutition.
2. Excess in eating or drinking.

inhalant, inhalent (in-ha'-lant, -lent). 1. See
inhalation (2). 2. Useful for inhalation.

inhalation {in-ha-la' -shun) [inhalare, to draw in].
1. The breathing in of air or other vapor. 2. A
medicinal substance to be used by inhalation, i.-
diseases, those due to the inspiration of air containing
dust or any finely divided matter, i.-therapy, treat-
ment of a disease by inspiration of medicated vapors.

inhale (in'-hal) [inhalare, to breathe in]. To
inspire or draw air or other vapor into the lungs.

inhaler (in-ha'-ler). An instrument for inhaling a
gas or vapor.

inherent {in-her' -ent) [in, to; hcerere, to cleave].
Innate; natural to the organism.

inheritance {in-her' -it-ans) . 1. The act of inherit-
ing. 2. Transmitted characteristics, i., amphigo-
nous, of Haeckel, characteristics transmitted from
both parents, i., homochronous, Haeckel's name for
a characteristic in an offspring, shown at an age
identical with that in which it was manifest in the
parent, i., homotopic, of Haeckel, the inheritance
of acquired characteristics, i., particulate, the re-
appearance of single peculiarities in the offspring.

L, use, the inheritance of acquired characters; the
acquisition by the offspring of changes in the body-
cells of the parent.

inherited {in-her' -it-ed) [in, in, to; heres, heir].
Derived from an ancestor, i. disease, a disease that
has been transmitted to a child by its parent.

inhibit {in-hib'-it) [inhibere, to check]. To check,
restrain, or suppress.

inhibition {in-hib-ish'-un) [inhibere, to check].
The act of checking or restraining; a restraint.

inhibitory {in-hib'-it-o-re) [see inhibition]. Check-
ing; restraining.

inhibitrope {in-hib'-it-rop) [inhibere, to check].
An individual in whom certain stimuli cause a
partial arrest of function.

inhumation {in-hu-ma' -shun) [inhumare, to put
in the ground]. Burial of the dead in the ground.

iniac, inial {in'-e-ak, in'-e-al) [inion]. Pertaining
to the inion.

iniad {in'-e-ad) [Iviov, the occiput]. Toward
the inial aspect.

inien {in'-e-en) [iviov, occiput]. Belonging to the
inion in itself.

iniencephalus {in-e-en-sef -al-us) [inion; iyic&paXos,
brain]. A fetal monstrosity in which there is a pos-
terior fissure of the skull, with protrusion of the brain-
substance, combined with spinal fissure.

iniodymus {in-e-od' -im-us) [iviov, occiput; SiSvfios,
double]. A teratism with one body and two heads
joined at the occiput.

iniofacial {in-e-o-fa'-shal). Relating to the inion
and the face.

inioglabellar {in-e-o-gla-beV -ar) [iviov, occiput:
glaber, smooth]. Relating to or joining the inion
and the glabella.

iniomesial {in-e-o-me'-ze-al). Relating to the
inion and to the meson.

inion {in'-e-on) [iviov, occiput]. The external
protuberance of the occipital bone. See under
craniometric point.

iniops {in'-e-ops) [iviov, occiput; ty, face]. A
catadidymous monstrosity with the parts below the
navel double, the thoraces joined into one, and one
head with two faces, the one incomplete.

inirritative {in-ir' -it-a-tiv) [in, not; irritare, to
irritate]. Not irritant; soothing.

initial {in-ish'-al) [in, into; ire, to go]. Beginning;
early; primary, as the initial lesion of syphilis — the
chancre, i. cells, germ-cells, i. sclerosis, the hard
chancre.

initis {in-i'-tis) [is, muscle; fiber; ins, inflamma-
tion]. 1. Inflammation of fibrous or muscular
tissue. 2. Inflammation of a tendon; tenontitis.

inj. Abbreviation for injectio [L.], injection.

inject {in-jekt') [see injection]. To throw or force
in, as to inject fluids into the tissues; also, to fill the
vessels of an organ. In pathology, to produce a
condition of distention of the capillaries with biood.

injecta {in-jek' -tah) [L.]. Things introduced, as
into the alimentary canal (correlated with ejecta).

injection {in-jek' -shun) [in, into ; jacere, to throw].
1. The act of injecting or throwing in. 2. The
substance injected. According to the organ into
which the injection is made, different terms are
employed, as urethral, intramuscular, uterine, vaginal
injection, etc. In the British Pharmacopoeia in-
jectiones are solutions of active substances used for
hypodermatic injection, i., anatomical, filling the
vessels of a cadaver or of an organ with preservative
or coagulating solutions, for purposes of dissection,
i., coagulation, injection of coagulating solutions into
the cavity of an aneurysm, i., hypodermic, into
the subcutaneous connective tissue, by means of a
syringe. L, nutrient, injection of nutritive fluids
into the rectum or other cavity of the body, i.,
opaque, naked-eye, for anatomical or microscopical
purposes, made of plaster of Paris, tallow, vermilion
and gelatin, plumbic acetate and potassium bichro-
mate (yellow injection), or plumbic acetate and
sodium carbonate (white), i., transparent micro-
scopical, made with carmine for red, potassium bichro-
mate for yellow, i.-pneumonia, a condition of the
lung somewhat resembling pneumonia, following in-
jections of Koch's tuberculin.

injector {in-jek' -tor). An apparatus used in inject-
ing.

injury {in'-joo-re) [in, not; jus, law]. A harm or
hurt to the body.

in-knee {in'-ne). Knock-knee, or genu valgum,
q.v.

INLAY

464

INSANITY

inlay (in'-la). In dentistry applied to fillings
first made and then inserted into a cavity with
cement; also applied to any filling occupying but one
surface of a tooth.

inlet (in' -let). The place where the air of venti-
lation is admitted into a room. i. of the pelvis, the
heart-shaped space within the brim of the pelvis;
the superior pelvic strait.

Inman's disease (in' -man) [Thomas Inman, Eng-
lish physician, 1820-1876]. Myalgia.

innate (in-nat' or in'-nat) [innatus, born in].
Congenital; native to the organism; intrinsic.

innervation (in-er-va'-shun) [in, in; nervus, nerve],
1. Nerve-supply. 2. A discharge of nervous force.

innocent (in'-o-sent) [in, not; nocere, to harm].
Benign, not harmful.

innocuous (in-ok'-u-us) [innocuus, harmless].
Not injurious. *

innominata (in-nom-in-a'-tah). 1. [Plural of
innominatum]. The innominate bones. 2. [Feminine
of inomnominatus]. The innominate artery.

innominate (in-om'-in-at) [see innominatum]. Un-
named; unnamable. i. artery. See under artery.
i. bone, the irregular bone forming the sides and
anterior wall of the pelvic cavity, and composed of
the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

innominatum (in-om-in-a' -turn) [L., "nameless";
os, bone, understood]. The innominate bone.

innoxious (in-ok'-shus) [in, not; noxius, harmful].
Harmless, not injurious; same as innocent, q. v.

innutrition (in-u-trish'-un) [in, not; nutrition].
Want of nutrition or nourishment.

inoblast (in'-o-blast) [is, fiber; j8Xa<rr6s, germ].
Any one of the cells from which connective tissue is
derived.

inocarcinoma (in-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [is, fiber; icap-
kIvos, a crab; opa, tumor: pi., inocarcinomata].
A carcinoma with a preponderance of fibrous tissue.

inoccipitia (in-ok-sip-it'-e-ah) [in, negative; occi-
put]. Deficiency of the occipital lobe of the brain.

inochondritis (in-o-kon-dri'-tis) [is, fiber; xbvdpos,
cartilage; ins, inflammation]. Conjoined inflamma-
tion of tendons and cartilages.

inoculability (in-ok-u-la-bil '-it-e) [see inoculation].
The quality of being inoculable.

inoculable (in-ok'-u-la-bl) [see inoculation]. Cap-
able of being inoculated; communicable by inocu-
lation.

inoculation (in-ok-u-la'-shun) [in, into; oculus, a
bud]. 1. The act of introducing the virus of a
disease into the body. 2. Specifically, the intentional
introduction of a virus for the purpose of producing
a mild form of a disease which is severe when spon-
taneously introduced, as the inoculation of small-
pox virus. This is known as preventive inoculation.

inoculator (in-ok'-u-la-tor) [inoculatio, an ingraft-
ing]. One who or that which inoculates; an instru-
ment used in inoculation.

inocyst (in'-o-sist) [is, a fiber; kvotvs, bladder].
A fibrous capsule.

inoendothelioma (in-o-en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [is, fiber;
endothelioma; pi., inoendotheliomata]. Round-celled
fibrosarcoma.

inoepithelioma (in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-mah) [is, fiber;
epithelioma]. Medullary carcinoma containing fi-
brous tissue.

inogen (in'-o-jen) [is, fiber; yewav, to produce].
A hypothetical substance believed to occur in
muscular tissue and to be decomposed, during
contraction, into carbon dioxide, sarcolactic acid, and
myosin.

inogenesis (in-o-jen'-es-is) [is, a fiber; ykveovs,
generation]. The formation of fibrous or muscular
tissue.

inohyirienitis (in-o-hi-men-i'-tis) [is, fiber; vfiri v,
membrane; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
fibrous tissue. *

inoleiomyoma (in-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah) [is, fiber; Xelos,
smooth; myoma]. Myoma made up of or containing
unstriped muscular fibers.

inolith (in'-o-lith) [is, fiber; Xi0os, a stone]. A
fibrous concretion.

inoma (in-o'-mah) [is, a fiber; opa, a tumor: pi.,
inomata]. Same as fibroma.

inomyxoma (in-o-miks-o'-mah) [is, fiber; nvlia.,
mucus; 8/ia, tumor: pi., inomyxomata]. Same as
fibro-myxoma.

inopectic (in-o-pek'-tik). Pertaining to inopexia.
inoperable (in-op'-ur-a-bl). That which should
not be operated upon.

inopexia (in-o-peks'-e-ah) [U, fiber; irrj^is, coagu-
lation]. A tendency in the blood toward spontaneous
coagulation.

inophlogosis (in-o-flo-go'-sis) [is, fiber; <£\6yw<ris,
inflammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous tissue,
inopolypous (in-o-poV -ip-us) [is, fiber; polypus].
Of the nature of an inopolypus.

inopolypus (in-o-poV -ip-us) [is, fiber; polypus].
A fibrous polyp.

inorganic (in-or-gan'-ik). Not organic; not pro-
duced by animal or vegetal organisms, as an inorganic
compound, i. chemistry, chemistry dealing with
inorganic compounds, i. compound, a compound
not containing carbon.

inorrhabdomyoma (in-or-ab-do-mi-o'-mah) [is, fiber;
pd/35os, rod; /xCs, muscle; 8p,a, tumor: pi., inorrhab-
domyomata], A fibrous rhabdomyoma.

inoscleroma (in-o-skle-ro'-mah) [is, fiber; aKXypuna,
induration]. _ Hardened fibrous tissue.

inosclerosis (in-o-skle-ro'-sis) [is, fiber; a/cXripos,
hard]. Sclerosis or hardening of fibrous tissue.

inoscopy (in-os'-ko-pe) [is, fiber; aicoireZv, to exam-
ine]. A method of bacterial investigation designed
to set free microorganisms which have become
entangled in the fibrin of organic fluids by dissolving
the fibrin with a pepsin digestive mixture, when they
may be centrifuged for examination.

inosculate (in-os'-ku-lat) [see inosculation]. To
unite by small openings; to anastomose.

inosculation (in-os-kii-la'-shun) [in, in; osculum, a
small mouth]. The joining of blood-vessels by direct
communication.

inose (in '-6s). Inosite.

inosemia (in-o-se'-me-ah). 1. [is, fiber; alua,
blood]. An excess of fibrin in the blood. 2. [inose;
alfia, blood]. The presence of inosite in the blood.
inosis (in'-o-sis). See inogenesis.
inosite, inosit (in'-o-sit) [ira, fiber], CeHwOe-r-
2H2O. Muscle-sugar; a saccharine substance oc-
curring in muscles, rarely in urine. For tests for,
see Gallois, Scherer, Seidel.

inosituria (in-o-sit-u'-re-ah) [inosite; olpov, urine].
The presence of inosite in the urine.

inosteatoma (in-o-ste-at-o'-mah) [is, fiber; steatoma].
A steatoma with fibrous elements.

inosuria (in-o-su'-re-ah). See inosituria.
inotagmata (in-o-tag' -mat-ah) [is, strength, force;
rayna, a regular arrangement, as of soldiers]. The
contractile elements that generate the force of proto-
plasmic motion; they are held to be uniaxial and
doubly refractive; also written isotagmata.

inotropic (in-o-trop'-ik) [in, in; rpe-n-eiv, to turn].
Pertaining to influences which modify the con-
tractility of the heart.

inquest (in'-kwest) [in, into; queer ere, to ask]. A
judicial inquiry, especially one for the purpose of
determining the cause of death of one who has died
by violence or in some unknown way.

inquination (in-kwin-a' -shun) [inquinatio, pollu-
tion]. Pollution; infection; corruption.

inquisition (in-kwiz-ish'-un) [see inquest]. An
inquiry, especially one into the sanity or lunacy of a
person.

insaccation (in-sak-a'-shun) [in, in; saccus, sac].
Encystment; enclosure in a sac.

insalivation (in-sal-iv-a'-shun) [in, in; saliva, the
spittle]. The mixture of the food with saliva during
mastication.

insalubrious (in-sal-u'-bre-us) [in, not; saluber,
healthful]. Unhealthy.

insalubrity (in-sal-u'-brit-e) [in, not; salubris,
wholesome]. Unwholesomeness of air or climate.

insanability (in-san-ab-iV -it-e) [in, not; sanabilis,
curable] . Incurableness ; the quality or state of being
incurable.

insane (in-san') [in, not; sanus, sound]. Deranged
or diseased in mind. i. ear. See hamatoma auris
under hematoma.

insanitary (in-san' -it-a-re) [in, not; sanitas, health].
Not sanitary; not in a proper condition as respects
the preservation of health.

insanitation (in-san-it-a'-shun) [in, not; sanitas,
health]. Lack of proper sanitary conditions; defect
of sanitation.

insanity (in-san' -it-e) [see insane]. A derangement
of the mental faculties, with or without loss of
volition and of consciousness. Insanity may be due
to defective development, to acquired disease, or to
natural decay. It is characterized, according to its
form, by a variety of symptoms, the most common

INSANITY

465

INSPISSANT

of which are change of character and habits, morose-
ness, confusion, elation, melancholia, mania, delu-
sions, and hallucinations. Melancholia, mania, de-
lusional insanity, and dementia are the four princi-
pal types of the affection, i., acquired, that arising
after a long period of life of mental integrity, i.,
affective, a form affecting only the emotions, as
melancholia, i., alcoholic, that induced by alcoholic
excess, usually a result of hereditary tendencies.
L, alternating. See **., circular, i., anemic, that due
to anemia, i., arthritic, that due to rheumatism or
gout, i., circular, a form of insanity recurring in
cycles varying in length from a few days to many
months. The arrangement of the cycle varies in
different individuals, but is constant in a given case.
Thus melancholia may be followed by mania, and
this by a lucid interval, the passage from one mental
condition to the other being abrupt or gradual.
Syn., alternating insanity; cyclothymia, i., climac-
teric, insanity occurring at or near the menopause.
i., communicated, that transmitted by association
with an insane person, i., compound, that in which
two or more groups of mental faculties are involved.
L, concurrent, that caused by general diseases.
i., confusional, an acute insanity produced by
nervous shock or exhausting disease, without distinct
emotional depression or exaltation, with marked
failure of mental power or complete imbecility, often
accompanied by hallucinations and loss of physical
power. Recovery is usually complete, i., congeni-
tal, that existing from birth, i., consecutive, that
following some disease or injury not of the brain.
i., constitutional, insanity due to some pathological or
physiological condition affecting the general system.
L, cyclic. Same as i., circular, i., depressive,
melancholia. L, deuteropathic, that caused by
disorders of or developmental changes in organs other
than the brain, i., diabetic, that due to diabetes.
L, diathetic, inherited insanity, i., doubting, a form
closely allied to delusional insanity, consisting in an
uncontrollable doubt and indecision regarding the
occupations, duties, or events of the day, of religion,
etc. i., egressing, that growing out of a former
disease, i., emotional, insanity characterized by
derangement of the emotions, either depressing or
exalting in character, i., epidemic, a form occa-
sionally manifested among a number of persons in
common association, as in convents or schools.
i., erotic. See nymphomania, i., general, a general
term for mania and melancholia. L, hereditary,
that transmitted from parent to child, and not
induced by other apparent cause, i., homicidal,
that marked by a desire to destroy human life.
L, hysterical, chronic insanity secondary to hysteria
and preserving the simulative tendencies of hysteria.
L, ideal, a general term embracing all the forms in
which ideas dependent upon the senses are perverted.
i., imitative, a form of communicated insanity marked
by mimicry of the insane characteristics of another.
L, imposed, delirious ideas imposed by one maniac
upon another individual weaker than himself.
L, impulsive, a form in which the patient possesses
an uncontrollable desire to commit acts of violence.
i., intermittent. The same as *., recurrent, i.,
ischemic, that due to persistent cerebral anemia.
L, melancholic, melancholia, i., menstrual, that
occurring at the menstrual period; and see *., periodic.
i., moral, a form marked by perversion and depravity
of the moral sense, apparently without impairment
of the reasoning and intellectual faculties, i.,
notional, a form in which the patient sees objects as
they exist, but conceives grossly erroneous ideas
concerning them, i., paroxysmal, that marked by
temporary paroxysms of mental aberration, i.,
perceptional, a form characterized by illusions and
hallucinations, i., periodic, a condition dependent
upon original or acquired psychopathy, in which
attacks of insanity occur at regular or irregular inter-
vals. If occurring in women at the menstrual epoch,
it is called menstrual insanity, i. of pregnancy, a
form occurring during pregnancy, characterized by
melancholia, suicidal intent, and abhorrence of
friends and relatives, i., primary, a form, often
congenital, that arises with the development of the
body. It may also proceed from injury or disease
of the brain in early life. i. of puberty. See hebe-
phrenia, i., puerperal, a term sometimes applied to
the delirium of childbirth, but more properly to the
insanity occurring after delivery, i., recurrent, that
marked by recurrent attacks of mental aberration

with intervening lucid intervals. L, religious, that
associated with religious subjects, i., senile, that
due to old age. i., stuporous, a primary acute form
of dementia, characterized by a tendency to stupor;
a disease chiefly met in youth and early maturity.
i., surgical, that coming on after surgical operations.
i., toxic, an acute form due to systemic poisoning by
certain drugs, i., traumatic, insanity marked by
perversity, violence, and brief spells of maniacal
self -exaltation, progressing slowly with remissions
to dementia; it is attributed to injury.

insatiable (in-sa'-she-ab-l) [insatiabilis, that which
cannot be satisified]. Inordinately greedy; incapable
of being satisfied, i. appetite. See bulimia.

insatiability (in-sa-she-ab-iV -it-e) [in, not; satiare,
to satisfy]. The property of being insatiable. See
acoria. _

inscription (in-skrip'-shun). The body or main
part of a prescription, which contains the drugs and
amounts to be used.

inscriptiones tendineae {in-skrip-she-o'-nez ten-din'-
e-e). The linear transversa? of the rectus abdominis
muscle.

insect (in'-sekt) [in, into; secare, to cut]. Any
member of the class of animals called Insecta. i.-
powder, a powder employed to destroy or ward off
insects, and consisting usually of the powdered
flowers of species of Pyrethrum.

insecticide (in-sek'-tis-id) [insect; cadere, to kill].
A substance that is destructive to insects.

insectiform (in-sek'-tif-orm) [insectum, an insect;
forma, form]. Resembling an insect.

insemination (in-sem-in-a'-shun) [inseminare, to
plant seed], i. The planting of seed. 2. The intro-
duction of semen. 3- Impregnation.

insenescence {in-sen-es'-ens) [insenescentia ; in,
not, or upon; senex, old]. 1. Vigorous age; old age
without its ordinary infirmities. 2. The approach
of old age.

insensible (in-sen'-sib-V) [in, not; sentire, to feel].
1. Incapable of being perceived or recognized by the
senses. 2. Unconscious.

insensibility (in-sens-ib-il'-it-e) [in, not; sentire, to
feel]. The condition or state of being insensible;
absence of consciousness; anesthesia.

insertion (in-ser'-shuri) [inserere, to set in]. 1. The
act of setting or placing in. 2. That which is set in.
3. The point at which anything, as a muscle, is
attached; the place or the mode of attachment of
an organ to its support, i., velamentous, the attach-
ment of the umbilical cord to the margin of the
placenta.

insidious (in-sid'-e-us) [insidice, ambush]. Coming
on stealthily or imperceptibly, i. disease, one the
onset of which is gradual or inappreciable.

insipid (in-sip'-id) [insipidus, unsavory]. Taste-
less.

insitio dentis {in-sish'-e-o den'-tis). Implantation
of a tooth.

in situ {in si'-tu) [in, in; situs, position]. In a given
or natural position.

insolation {in-so-la'-shun) [in, in; sol, sun]. 1. Ex-
posure to the rays of the sun. 2. Sunstroke or heat-
stroke; a condition of prostration and fever due
to exposure to the direct rays of the sun or to ex-
treme heat.

insoluble (in-sol'-u-bT) [in, not; solubilis, that can
be loosed]. Incapable of being dissolved.

insolubility (in-sol-u-bil'-it-e). The quality of
being insoluble; lack of solubility.

insomnia (in-som'-ne-ah) [in, not; somnus, sleep].
Want of sleep; inability to sleep.

inspection (in-spek'-shun) [inspicere, to look].
In medicine, the examination of the body or any
part of it by the eye.

inspergation (in-sper-ga'-shun) [inspergere, to
sprinkle upon]. The act of sprinkling or dusting
with fine powder.

inspersion (in-spur'-shun). See inspergation.
inspiration (in-spir-a'-shun) [in, in; spirare, to
breathe]. The drawing in of the breath.

inspirator (in'-spir-a-tor) [in, in; spirare, to
breathe]. An inhaler.

inspiratory (in-spi'-ra-to-re) [see inspiration].
Pertaining to the act of inspiration.

inspirometer (in-spi-rom'-et-er) [see inspiration;
ixerpof, measure]. An instrument for measuring the
amount of air inspired.

inspissant (in-spis'-ant) [in, in; spissare, to thick-
en]. 1. Tending to thicken; thickening the blood

INSPISSATE

466

INTERCEREBRAL

or other fluids. 2. An agent that tends to increase
the thickness of the blood or some other fluid.

inspissate {in'-spis-at) [inspissare, to thicken].
To make thick by evaporation or by absorption of
fluid.

instauration {in-staw-ra'-shun) [instauratio, re-
newal]. The first appearance of a physiological
condition; the establishment of a new function.

instep {in'-step) [in, in; step]. The arch on the
upper surface of the foot.

instillation {in-stil-a' -shun) [instillare, to put in
little by little]. The pouring of a liquid into a
cavity drop by drop.

instillator {in'-stil-a-tor) [instillare, to pour in by
drops]. An instrument for pouring a liquid by drops.

instinct {in'-stingkt) [instinguere, to impel]. A
natural impulse, which, though unassociated with
reason, prompts a useful act.

instinctive {in-stingk'-tiv) [see instinct]. Prompted
or determined by instinct; of the nature of instinct.

institutes of medicine. The philosophy of the
science of medicine, of physiology, pathology, thera-
peutics, and hygiene, or the general and elementary
principles of the same. The term is used sometimes
as a synonym of physiology.

instrument {in'-stroo-ment) [in, in; struere, to build].
Any mechanical tool or device used to assist in the
performance of a certain act.

instrumental {in-stroo-men'-tal) [instrument]. Per-
taining to or performed with instruments, as instru-
mental labor.

instrumentarium {in-stroo-men-ta'-re-um) [L.]. A
supply or collection of surgical, dental, or other
instruments.

instrumentation {in-stroo-men-ta'-shun) [instrument].
The care or employment of instruments.

insuccation {in-suk-a' -shun) [in, into; succus,
juice]. The steeping of a drug for a considerable
time in water before using it in any pharmaceutical
process.

insufficiency {in-suf-fish'-en-se) [insufficiens, in-
sufficient]. The state of being inadequate ; incapacity
to perform a normal function, i. of the cardiac
valves, imperfect closure of the valves, permitting
regurgitation. Depending upon the valve affected,
the insufficiency # may be aortic, mitral, tricuspid,
or pulmonary, i. of a muscle, inability on a part
of a muscle to contract "sufficiently to produce the
normal effect. The term is applied especially to the
eye muscles. Insufficiency of the externi, a condition
in which the contraction of the externi muscles of the
eye is weak and is overbalanced by that of the interni,
producing esophoria. Insufficiency of the interni,
defective power on the part of the interni muscles,
producing exophoria.

insufflation {in-suf-fta' '-shun) [in, in; sufflare, to
puff]. The act of blowing into, as the insufflation
of a powder into a cavity; also, the blowing of air
into a cavity, as insufflation of the middle ear.
i., mouth-to-mouth, the blowing of air into the
mouth of a person, usually a newborn infant, to
distend the lungs and counteract asphyxia.

insufflator (in-suf -la-tor') [see insufflation]. An
instrument for blowing air or powders into a cavity.

insula (in'-su-lah) [L. "an island"]. 1. In ana-
tomy, the island of Reil. 2. Any detached part or
exclave of an organ. 3. A blood-islet, or island.
See island.

insular {in'-su-lar) [insula]. 1. Pertaining to tne
island of Reil. 2. Isolated; occurring in patches.
i. sclerosis. See sclerosis, multiple.

insulate {in'-su-lat) [insula]. To isolate or separate
from surroundings. In electricity, to surround a
conductor with a nonconducting substance.

insulation {in-su-la' -shun) [insulare, to make like
an island]. The process of insulation; the state or
quality of being insulated.

insulator (in'-sil-la-tor) [insulatus, made into an
island]. A nonconducting substance by means of
which insulation is effected.

insusceptibility (in-sus-sep-tib-il'-it-e) [insuscepti-
bilis, not susceptible]. Absence of contagious qual-
ity; want of susceptibility; immunity.

integral {in'-te-gral) [integer, whole]. Entire;
essential.

integration {in-te-gra'-shun) [integralio, a renewing].
The blending of separate parts into one, as in the
embryo; assimilation; anabolism.

integrity {in-teg' -rit-e) [integer, whole]. Wholeness;
entirety. Also, virginity.

integument {in-teg' -U-ment) [in, upon; tegere, to
cover]. A covering, especially the skin. L, fetal,
the fetal membranes.

integumentary (in-teg-u-men'-ta-re). Pertaining to
the skin.

intellect {in'-tel-ekt) [intellectus, understanding].
The mind or the reasoning power.

intelligence (in-tel'-ij-ence). The understanding
that comes from the perception of qualities and
attributes of the objective world, and is manifested
in the purposive employment of means to attain an
end.

intemperance (in-tem'-per-ans) [in, not; temper are,
to moderate]. Want of moderation; immoderate
indulgence, especially in alcoholic beverages.

intemperant {in-tem'-per-ant). An intemperate
person.

intensification {in-ten-sif-ik-a' -shun) [see intensity].
The act of making intense or of increasing the
strength of anything.

intensity (in-ten'-sit-e) [intensus, stretched tight].
1. The state of being intense or high-strung. 2. The
degree to which a force is capable of rising. 3. A
high degree of energy or power.

intensive (in-ten'-siv) [see intensity]. Gradually
increased in force or intensity, as the intensive
method of inoculation.

intention (in-ten'-shun) [intentus, intend]. The
end or purpose. See under healing, i.-tremor, a
tremor coming on when attempts at voluntary
motion are made.

inter- (in-ter-) [inter, between]. A prefix signi-
fying between.

interaccessory (in-ter-ak-ses'-or-e) [inter-; accedere,
to go to]. Situated between accessory processes
of the vertebrae, i. muscles, short lumbar muscles
connecting the accessory processes of the vertebrae.

interacinous {in-ter -as' -in-us) [inter-; acinus, a
berry]. Situated between acini.

interangular (in-ter-ang'-gu-lar). Occurring be-
tween angles.

interannular (in-ter-an'-u-lar). Located between
rings or constrictions.

interarticular {in-ter-ar-tik'-u-lar) [inter-; articulus,
a joint]. Situated between joints, i. fibre-cartilage,
the flattened cartilaginous plates between the
articular cartilages of certain joints.

interarytenoid {in-ter-ar-it'-en-oid). Between the
two arytenoid cartilages, i. muscle. See muscles,
table of.

interauricular {in-ter-aw-rik'-u-lar) [inter- ; auricula,
auricle]. Situated between the auricles.

interbody (in'-ter-bod-e). A substance found in
blood-serum, corresponding to the amboceptor of a
specific serum.

interbrain {in'-ter-bran). See thalamencephalon.

inter cadence {in-ter -ka' -dens) [inter-; cadere, to
fall]. An irregular beating of the pulse, in which
an additional beat is interposed between two pulsa-
tions.

intercadent {in-ter -ka' -dent). Exhibiting the qual-
ity of intercadence.

intercalary, intercalated {in-ter' -kal-a-re, in-ter'-
kal-a-ted) [inter-; calare, to insert]. Placed or in-
serted between.

intercalatum {in-ter -kal-a' -turn) [inter-; calare, to
insert]. Substantia nigra; locus niger; a dark mass
of crescentic outline situated between the ventral
crusta and the dorsal tegmentum of the crus
cerebri.

intercapillary {in-ter -kap'-il-a-re) [inter-; capillus,
a hair]. Between capillaries.

intercarotic {in-ter-kar-ot'-ik) . Same as inter carotid.

intercarotid {in-ter -kar -of -id) [inter-; carotid].
Situated between the external and internal carotid
arteries, as the intercarotid ganglion; see under
ganglion.

intercartilaginous {in-ter -kar -til-aj' -in-us). See in-
terchondral.

intercavernous {in-ter-kav-er'-nus) [inter-; caverna,
a cave]. Situated between two antra, or between
the two cavernous sinuses.

intercellular {in-ter -sel' -u-lar) [inter-; cellula, a
small Cell]. Between cells, as intercellular substance
of tissue.

intercentral {in-ter -sen' -tral) [inter-; centrum, a
center]. Between nerve-centers.

intercerebral {in-ter -ser'-e-bral) [inter-; cerebrum,
cerebrum]. Between the right and left cerebral
hemispheres.

INTERCHONDRAL

467

IXTERMAXILLA

interchondral (in-ter-kon'-dral) [inter-; xbvSpos,
cartilage]. Between cartilages.

intercidence {in-ter' -sid-enz). See inter cadence.

intercident {in-ter' -sid-ent). i. See intercalary.
2. See intercadent.

intercilium {in-ter -sil' -e-um) . See glabella.

interclavicular {in-ter -klav-ik' -u-lar) [inter-; clavi-
cula, the collar-bone]. Between the clavicles.

interclinoid (in-ter-kli'-noid) [inter-; kXiptj, bed;
elSos, resemblance]. Between the clinoid processes
of the sphenoid bone.

intercoccygeal, intercoccygean {in-ter -kok-sij' -e-al,
-an). Interposed between the coccygeal vertebra?.

intercolumnar {in-ter-kol-um' -nar) [inter-; columna,
-column]. Between pillars, as the intercolumnar
fascia, between the pillars of the external abdominal
ring.

intercondylar, intercondyloid {in-ter-kon'-dil-ar,
in-ter-kon' '-dil-oid) [inter-; condyle]. Between con-
dyles, i. eminence, the spine or knob separating the
two condylar portions of the tibia, i. fossa, the
notch between the condyles of the femur, i. line,
a transverse line crossing above the intercondyloid
fossa, and joining the condyles, i. notch. Same as
i. fossa.

intercoronoideal {in-ter-kor-o-noid' -e-al) . Lying
between the coronoid processes.

intercostal (in-ter-kos'-tal) [inter-; costa, a rib].
Between the ribs. i. arteries, the arteries of the
intercostal spaces. See under artery, i. muscles.
See under muscle, i. nerves, the anterior divisions
of the dorsospinal nerves, i. spaces, spaces between
adjacent ribs.

intercostales {in-ter-kos-ta'-lez). See muscles,
table of.

intercostohumeral {in-ter -kos-to-hu' -mer-aX) [inter- ;
costa, rib; humerus]. Pertaining to the arm and the
-space between the ribs, as the intercostohumeral nerve.

intercourse (in'-ter-kors) [intercursus, commerce].
Communication, i., carnal, sexual connection;
coitus, i. sexual. Same as i., carnal.

intercoxal {in-ter-koks'-al) [inter-; coxa, hip].
Situated between the coxa? or hips.

intercranial {in-ter-kra'-ne-al). Endocranial, re-
lating to the interior of the skull or to the endo-
cranium.

intercricothyrotomy (in-ter-kri-ko-thi-rot'-o-me) . A
cut into the larynx by transverse section of the
cricothyroid membrane.

intercristal {in-ter-kris' -tal) [inter-; crista, crest].
Between the surmounting ridges of a bone, organ,
or process.

intercrural {in-ter -kroo'-raV) [inter-; crus, the leg].
Situated between the legs or the crura.

intercuneal, intercuneiform {in-ter -ku-ne'-al, in-
ter-ku'-ne-e- form) [inter-; cuneus, a wedge]. Between
the cuneiform bones.

intercurrent {in-ter-kur'-ent) [inter-; currere, to
run]. Occurring or taking place between, i.
disease, a disease arising or progressing during the
existence of another disease in the same person.

intercus (in-ter'-kus) [L.; pi., intercutes], i. See
anasarca. 2. Subcutaneous.

intercutaneomucous {in-ter -ku-ta-ne-o-mu '-kus) .
Between the skin and mucosa.

intercutaneous {in-ter -ku-ta'-ne-us). Subcutaneous.

interdeferential {in-ter-def-er-en'-shal). Between
the vasa deferentia.

interdental {in-ter -den' -tal) [inter-; dens, a tooth],
i. Between the teeth. 2. An interdentium. i.
splint, a splint used in fracture of the jaw, consisting
of a metallic frame at the neck of the teeth, held
by wire sutures passing between the teeth.

interdentium {in-ter-den'-she-um) [inter-; dens, a
tooth]. The space between any two of the teeth.

interdiction {in-ter-dik' -shun) [interdictio, a pro-
hibiting]. A judicial or legal process that deprives
an insane person or one suspected of insanity of the
management of his own affairs or of the affairs of
others.

interdigital (in-ter-dij'-it-al) [inter-; digitus, a
finger]. Between the fingers.

interdigitation {in-ter-dij-it-a'-shun) [see inter-
digital]. The locking or dovetailing of similar parts,
as the fingers of one hand with those of the other;
or of the ends of the obliquus externus muscle with
those of the serratus magnus. In dentistry, denot-
ing that in closure of the buccal teeth the cusps of
one denture strike fairly into the occluding sulci of
the other denture.

intereruptive (in-ter-e-rup'-liv). Between two out-
breaks of eruption.

interfascicular {in-ter-fas-ik' -u-lar) [inter-; fasci-
culus, a bundle]. Situated between fasciculi.

interfemoral {in-ter-fem'-or-al) [inter-; femur, the
thigh]. Between the femora or thighs.

interfere (in-ter-fer') [inter-; ferire, to strike].
In horses, to strike one hoof or the shoe of one hoof
against the opposite leg or fetlock.

interference {in-ter-fe'-rens) [inter-; ferire, to
strike]. The act of interfering or preventing, i. of
light, the mutual neutralization of wTaves of light,
when the crest of one wave falls upon the trough of
another, i. of sound, the neutralization of two
sound-waves, one by the other.

interfibrillar {in-ter -fi'-bril-ar) [inter-; fibrilla, a
small fiber]. Situated between the fibrils of tissues.

interfilar {in-ter -fi'-lar) [inter-; filum, a thread].
Existing between the filaments of a reticulum.

interfollicular {in-tur-fol-ik' -u-lar). Between two
follicles.

interganglionic {in-ter-gan-gle-on'-ik) [inter-; yay-
y\Lov, a ganglion]. Connecting one ganglion with
another; lying between ganglia.

interglandular {in-ter -gland' -u-lar) [inter-; glandula,
a gland]. Situated between glands.

interglobular {in-ter -glob' -u-lar) [inter-; globulus, a
ball]. Situated between globules, i. spaces, irregu-
lar cavities seen in a section of dentine, after the
earthy matter has been removed by putting a tooth
in dilute acid. They are so called because surrounded
by minute globules of dentine.

intergluteal {in-ter-gloo'-te-aV). Between the but-
tocks.

intergonial {in-ter - go' -ne-al) [inter-; yuvla, an angle].
Between the two gonia (angles of the lower jaws).

intergranular {in-tur-gr an' -u-lar) [inter-; granulum,
a small grain]. Between granules.

intergyral {in-ter -ji'-ral) [inter-; gyrus, a gyre].
Situated between two or more gyri.

interhemal {in-ter -hem' -aV) [inter-; at/xa, blood].
Between the hemal arches or spines.

interhemicerebral {in-ter -hem-e-ser'-e-bral) [inter-;
vm, half; cerebrum, cerebrum]. Situated between
the cerebral hemispheres.

interhemispheric {in-ter-hem-is-fer'-ik) [inter-; j/u,
half; <70aipa, sphere]. Situated between hemispheres.

interhuman {in-ter -hu' -man) [inter-; humanus,
human]. Applied to infection transmitted from
one human being to another.

interinhibitive {in-ter -in-hib'-it-iv) [inter-; inhibere,
to inhibit]. Mutually inhibitory.

interjected {in-ter -j ect' -ed) [interjicere, to cast
between]. Same as interposed.

interjectional {in-ter-jek' -shun-aV) [inter-; jacere,
to throw]. Interjected; thrown between, i. speech,
the expression of emotions by inarticulate sounds.

inter jugal {in-ter-joo'-gal) [inter-; jugum, a yoke].
Between the jugal processes of the skull.

interlabial {in-ter-la'-be-al) [inter-; labium, lip].
Between the lips, or between the labia.

interlamellar {in-ter -lam-el' -ar) [inter-; lamella, a.
layer]. Between lamella?.

interlarninar {in-ter -lam' -in-ar) [inter-; lamina, a
leaf]. Situated between lamina?.

interligamentous {in-ter -lig-a-ment' -us) [inter-; liga-
mentum, a ligament]. Between ligaments.

interlobar {in-ter -lo' -bar) [inter-; lobus, a lobe].
Situated between lobes, as interlobar pleurisy.

interlobular {in-ter -lob' -u-lar) [inter-; lobulus, a
lobule]. Between lobules.

intermalar {in-ter -ma' -lar) [inter-; mala, the cheek-
bone]. Situated between the malar bones.

intermalleolar {in-ter-mal-e'-o-lar). Between the
malleoli.

intermammary {in-ter-mam' -ar-e) [inter-; mamma,
breast]. Between the breasts.

intermammillary {in-ter-mam' -il-ar-e) [inter-; mam-
milla, nipple, breast]. Between the nipples; between
the breasts.

intermarginal {in-ter -mar '-jin-al) [inter-; mar go,
a margin]. Lying between two margins.

intermarriage {in-ter -mar' -aj) [inter-; marriage].
i. Marriage between persons related by consanguin-
ity. 2. Marriage between persons of different races.

intermastoid {in-ter -mas' -toid^) [inter-; fiaaros,
breast; eI5os, likeness]. Situated between or con-
necting the two mastoid processes.

intermaxilla {in-ter -maks-il' -ah) [inter-; maxilla,
jaw]. The premaxilla; the intermaxillary bone.

INTERMAXILLARY

468

INTERRADIAL

intermaxillary (in-ter-maks'-il-a-re) [inter-; maxilla,
jaw-bone]. Between the maxillary bones, i. bone,
the small bone that receives the incisors, situated
between the superior maxillary bones of the fetus.

intermediary amputation (in-ter-me'-de-a-re). Am-
putation during the inflammatory fever, i. body.
See intermediate body. i. hemorrhage, hemorrhage
following a primary hemorrhage, i. nerve, the nerve
of Wrisberg; see under nerve.

intermediate (in-ter-me'-de-at) [inter-; medius,
middle]. Situated between, i. body, the comple-
mentary substance essential to the proper perfor-
mance of a physiological function — such as enabling
the "end-body" or bactericidal substance to combine
with the bacteria in typhoid in the production of
immunity. Cf. body, immune.

intermediolateral (in-ter-me-de-o-lat'-er-al) [inter-;
medius, middle; lotus, side]. Both lateral and
intermediate, as the intermediolateral tract of the
spinal cord, lying between the anterior and posterior
horns.

intermedium (in-ter-me'-de-um) [inter-; medius, the
middle; pi., intermedia], I. Any intermediary sub-
stance. 2. In pharmacy, an emulsifying or suspend-
ing ingredient.

intermembral iin-ter-mem'-bral) [inter-; membrum,
a limb]. Existing between the members or limbs of
an organism.

intermembranous (in-ter-mem'-bran-us). Lying
between membranes.

intermeningeal (in-ter-men-in'-je-al) [inter-; tmvvyji,
membrane]. Between the dura and the arachnoid,
or between the latter and the pia. i. hemorrhage, a
hemorrhage between the meninges of the brain or
spinal cord.

intermenstrual (in-ter-men'-stroo-al) [inter-; mensis,
month]. Between the menstrual periods.

interment (in-ter'-ment) [in, in; terra, the earth].
The burial of the body.

intermesenteric (in-ter-mes-en-ter'-ik). Between
the mesenteries.

intermesoblastic (in-ter-mes-o-blast'-ik). Between
the layers or between the lateral plates of the meso-
blast.

intermetacarpal (in-ter-met-a-kar'-pal) [inter- ; meta-
carpus]. Between the metacarpal bones.

intermetatarsal (in-ter-met-at-ar'-sal). Between
the metatarsal bones.

intermission (in-ter-mish'-un) [see intermittent].
An interval, as between the paroxysms of a fever
or between the beats of the pulse.

intermittent (in-ter-mit'-ent) [inter-; mittere, to
send or occur]. Occurring at intervals; charac-
terized by intermissions or intervals, as intermittent
fever, intermittent insanity, intermittent pulse, inter-
mittent sterilization.

intermural (in-ter-mu'-ral) [inter-; murus, a wall].
Occurring or lying between the walls of an organ.

intermuscular (in-ter-mus'-ku-lar) [inter- ; musculus,
a muscle]. Situated between muscles.

intern (in' -tern) [Fr., interne]. An in-door or
resident physician in a hospital; a member of an
in-door staff of physicians.

internal (in-ter'-nal) [internus, inward]. Situated
within or on the inside, i. capsule, the band of
white nerve-matter between the optic thalamus
and caudate nucleus on the inner, and the lenticular
nucleus on the outer, side. It is the continuation of
the crus cerebri, and consists of an anterior and a
posterior limb joined at an angle, termed the knee.
It is composed of fibers coming from and going to
the cortex cerebri, i. ear, the labyrinth, q. v. i.
medicine, that branch of medicine which treats of
diseases which can not be treated surgically, i.
oblique. See obliquus internus under muscle. _ i. rec-
tus. See rectus internus under muscle, i. resistance.
See resistance, internal.

internarial (in-ter-na'-re-al) [inter-; nares, nostrils].
Situated between the nostrils.

internasal (in-ter-na'-zal) [inter-; nasus, the nose].
Between the nasal bones.

interne (in'-tern) . Same as intern, q. v.

interneural (in-ter-nu'-ral) [inter-; vevpov, nerve].
Situated between neural spines.

interneuronal (in-tur-nu'-ron-al). Between neu-
rons.

internist (in-ter'-nist). A physician, in contradis-
tinction to a surgeon.

internodal (in-ter-no'-dal). Situated between two
nodes. See internode.

internode (in'-ter-nod) [inter-; nodus, a knot]. The
space between two nodes of a nerve-fiber, as the
internode between the nodes of Ranvier. Syn.,
internodal segment.

internuclear (in-ter-nu'-kle-ar) [inter-; nucleus, a
kernel]. Situated between nuclei.

internuncial (in-ter-nun'-she-al) [inter-; nuncius, a
messenger]. Serving as a connecting or announcing
medium, as internuncial fibers, nerve-fibers con-
necting nerve-cells.

internus (in-ter'-nus). i. See internal. 2. The
rectus internus muscle of the eye.

interol (in'-ter-ol). Trade name of a mineral oil
used to lubricate the intestinal tract.

interolivary (in-tur-ol'-iv-a-re). Between the olives.

interoptic (in-ter-op'-tik) [inter-; -opticus, optic].
Between the optic lobes, tracts or nerves of the brain.

interorbital (in-ter-or'-bit-al) [inter-; orbita, the
orbit]. Situated between the orbits.

interosseal (in-ter-os'-e-al). Same as interosseous.

interosseous (in-ter-os'-e-us) [inter-; os, a bone].
Between bones, as interosseous arteries, membranes,
muscles, or nerves.

interpalpebral (in-ter-paV -pe-bral) [inter-; palpebra,
the eyelid]. Between the palpebrae. i. spot. See
Pinguecula, i. zone, that part of the cornea and of
the scleral conjunctiva that ordinarily is not covered
by the lids.

interpapillary (in-ter-pap'-il-a-re) [inter-; papilla,
a papilla]. Between papilla.

interparietal (in-ter-par-i'-e-tal) [inter-; paries, a
wall]. Between walls; between the parietal bones, as
interparietal suture; between parts of the parietal
lobe, as interparietal fissure, i. bone, a name some-
times given to the upper, squamous, and non-
cartilaginous part of the occipital bone. i. fissure.
See fissure, i. suture, the sagittal suture, or that
formed by the approximation of the parietal bones.

inter paroxysmal (in-tur-par-oks-iz'-mal). Between
paroxysms.

interpeduncular (in-ter-pe-dung'-kii-lar) [inter-;
Pedunculus, a little foot]. Situated between the
cerebral or cerebellar peduncles, i. space, the pons
Tarini, or posterior perforated space that forms the
posterior portion of the floor of the third ventricle.

interpellated, interpellatus (in-ter-pel-a'-ted, in-ter-
Pel-a'-tus) [interpellare, to interrupt]. Applied by
Paracelsus to diseases marked by irregular paroxysms.

interphalangeal (in-ter-fa-lan'-je-al) [inter-; 4>6.\ay£,
a finger]. Between the fingers or the toes.

interpial (in-ter-pi'-al). Between the layers of the
pia.

interplacental (in-ter-plas-en'-tal) [inter-; placenta].
Between the placental lacunae.

interpleuricostal (in-ter-ploo-re-kos'-tal). Between
the pleura and ribs. i. muscles, the internal pleuri-
costal muscles.

inter polar (in-ter-po'-lar). 1. See intrapolar.
2. Between the poles of an electric battery; applied
to the effect of the current acting through the whole
region of the body between the two poles as con-
trasted with the polar effect taking place at the
point of application of the electrode.

interpolated (in-ter'-po-la-ted). See intercalary.

interpolation (in-ter-po-la'-shun) [interpolare, to
furbish up]. The surgical transfer of tissue to a new
part, or from one subject to another.

interposition (in-ter-po-zish'-uri) [inter positio, ^ a
placing between]. The development of anatomical
structures between existing ones.

interpositum (in-ter-pos'-it-um). Same as velum
nterpositum, q. v.

interprotometamere (in-ter-pro-to-met'-a-mer) [in-
ter-; irpuros, first; nerd, among; nkpos, a part]. The
part lying between the primary segments of the
embryo.

interproximal (in-ter-prok'-sim-al) [inter-; proximus,
next]. Between adjoining surfaces.

inter proximate (in-ter-prok'-sim-at). In dentistry,,
the space between two adjacent teeth.

interpterion (in-ter-te'-re-on) [inter-; pterion, a.
craniometric point]. Between the pteria.

interpterygoid (in-ter-ter'-e-goid). Lying between,
the pterygoid processes.

interpubic (in-ter-pu'-bik) [inter-; pubis]. Situated
between the pubic bones.

interpyramidal (in-ter-pir-am'-id-al). Between
the pyramids.

interradial (in-ter-ra' '-de-al) [inter-; radius, a ray]..
Situated between two rays.

INTERRAMAL

469

INTRA-

interramal {in-ter -r a' -mat). Between the rami of
the mandible.

interrenal {in-ter -re'-nal) [inter-; ren, the kidney].
Situated between the kidneys.

interrupted (in-ter-up'-ted) [see interrupter]. Dis-
continuous; broken; irregular.

interrupter {in-ter -up' -ter) [interrumpere, to break
apart]. That which interrupts; specifically, a device
for breaking an electric current.

interscapular {in-ter -skap'-u-lar) [inter-; scapula,
the shoulder-blade]. Between the shoulder-blades.

interscapulum {in-ter-skap'-u-lum) [inter-; scapulae,
shoulder-blades: pi., inter scapula). i. The region
of the back between the shoulder-blades. 2. Bartho-
lin's name for the spine of the scapula. 3. A fossa
on the dorsal aspect of the scapula.

inter sigmoid {in-ter -sig' -moid). Pertaining to the
space in the loop of the sigmoid.

interspace {in'-ter-spas) [inter-; spatium, a space].
An interval between the ribs, or between the fibers
or lobules of a tissue or organ.

interspinal {in-ter -spi'-nal) [inter-; spina, a spine].
Between spines; specifically, between the spines of the
vertebra?, i. muscles. See muscles, table of.

interspinous (in-ter-spi'-nus) [inter-; spina, a
spine]. Situated between spinous processes, as of
the vertebrae.

interstices {in-ter' -stis-ez) [inter stitium, a space
between]. _ Spaces or intervals; also, pores.

interstitial {in-ter -stish'-al) [see interstices]. 1. Sit-
uated between important parts; occupying the
interspaces or interstices of a part. 2. Pertaining
to the interstitial or connective tissue, i. inflamma-
tion, inflammation of the interstitial or connective
tissue, i. keratitis. See keratitis, interstitial, i.
kink, an abnormal angulation in or constriction of
the intestine, resulting in a narrowing of the lumen
and delay in the progress of the feces, i. nephritis.
See nephritis, interstitial, i. pneumonia. See pneu-
monia, interstitial, i. pregnancy, pregnancy in the
Fallopian tube where it passes through the uterine
wall. i. tissue, the intercellular connective tissue.

intersuperciliary {in-ter-su-per-sil'-e-a-re). Be-
tween the superciliary ridges.

intersystole {in-ter-sis'-to-le). The interval be-
tween the end of the auricular systole and the be-
ginning of the ventricular one.

intertarsal (in-ter-tar'-sal). Located between
adjacent tarsal bones.
intertragicus {in-ter-traj'-k-ius). See musclse table of.

intertransversales {in-ter-trans-ver-sa'-les) [see inter-
transverse]. Short bundles of muscular fibers ex-
tending between the transverse processes of contigu-
ous vertebrae.

intertransverse {in-ter -trans-vers') [inter-; irans-
versus, turned across]. Connecting the transverse
processes of contiguous vertebrae.

intertriginous {in-ter -trij'-in-us) [inter-; terere, to
rub]. Of the nature of or affected with intertrigo.

intertrigo {in-ter -tri' -go) [inter-; terere, to rub].
An erythematous eruption of the skin produced by
friction of adjacent parts, i. ani, i. podicis, chafing
of the anus.

intertrochanteric {in-ter -tro-kan-ter' -ik) [inter-; tro-
chanter]. Between the trochanters, i. line. See
line, intertrochanteric.

intertubular {in-ter -tu' -bu-lar) [inter-; tubulus, a
tube]. Between tubes, i. substance, the translu-
cent, granular substance of the dentine of the tooth.

interureteric {in-ter-u-re-ter'-ik) [inter-; ovprjrrjp,
ureter]. Situated between the ureters.

interuteroplacental {in-ter-u-ter-o-plas-ent'-aV). Be-
tween the uterus and the placenta.

intervaginal {in-ter -vaj' -in-al) [inter, between;
vagina, sheath]. Between sheaths, i. space, that
found within the sheaths of the optic nerve.

interval {in'-ter-val) [inter-; vallum, a rampart].
A space or lapse, either of time or distance, as the
interval between the paroxysms of a fever, i., cardio-
aortic, the interval between the apex-beat and the
arterial pulse, i. focal, the distance between the
anterior and posterior focal points.

intervallary {in-ter -val'-a-re) [see interval]. Occur-
ring between paroxysms of a disease.

intervascular {in-ter -vas'-ku-lar) [inter-; vasculum,
a small vessel]. Located between vessels.

interventricular {in-ter -ven-trik'-u-lar) [inter-; ven-
triculum, a ventricle]. Situated between ventricles.
i. septum, the partition between the ventricles of the
heart.

interversion {in-ter-ver' -shun) [inter-; verier e, to
turn]. Evolution.

intervertebral {in-ter-ver' -te-bral) [inter-; vertebra,
a bone of the spine]. Between the vertebrae, i.
discs, the discs of fibrocartilage between the adjacent
surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, i. foramen.
See foramen, intervertebral, i. notch, the notch at
the base of the pedicle on the sides of the body of
each vertebra, i. substance. Same as i. discs.

intervillous {in-ter -vil' -us) [inter-; villus, a tuft of
hair]. Situated between villi.

interzonal {in-ter-zo'-nal) [inter-; zona, zone].
In dentistry, applied to the line between enamel and
dentine, at the periphery of the latter.

intestin {in-tes'-tin). See bismuthnaphthalin ben-
zoate.

intestinal {in-tes' -tin-al) [see intestine]. Pertaining
to the intestine, i. absorption, the absorption of the
products of digestion by the capillaries, veins, and
lacteals of the mucous membrane of the intestine.
i. anastomosis. See anastomosis, intestinal, i. canal,
the entire intestinal passage from the beginning of
the duodenum to the anus. i. concretion. See
enterolith, i. juice, the secretion of the intestinal
glands, a pale-yellow fluid, alkaline in reaction, having
a specific gravity of ion, and possessing diastasic
and proteolytic properties. It also, to a certain
extent, emulsifies and decomposes fats. Syn., succus
entericus. i. obstruction, arrest of or interference
with the progress of the feces, i. stasis, constipation.

intestine {in-tes'-tin) [intestinum, intestine, from
intus, within]. The part of the digestive tube
extending from the beginning of the pylorus to the
anus. It consists of the small and large intestine.
The former is about 6f meters (20 feet) in length,
and extends from the pylorus to its junction with the
large intestine at the cecum. Three divisions are
described — the duodenum, 22 cm. long, is the most
important; the jejunum, 2.2 meters long, and the
ileum, 4 meters long. The large intestine is about
•1.6 meters (5 feet) long, and consists of the cecum
(with the vermiform appendix), the colon, and the
rectum. The wall of the intestine is made up of four
coats — a serous, muscular, submucous, and mucous.
Embedded in the wall are minute glands, and pro-
jecting from the surface, in the small intestine, are the
villi. The function of the intestine is to continue and
complete the changes begun in the mouth and
stomach and to remove the waste-matter, or feces.

intestinulum {in-tes-tin' -u-lum) [L., a small intes-
tine; pi., intestinula). 1. The small intestine. 2. A
cerebral convolution or gyrus. 3- The umbilical
cord or navel-string.

intestinum {in-tes-ti'-num) [see intestine], i.,
caecum, the caecum, i. crassum, the large intestine.
i. ileum, the ileum, i. jejunum, the jejunum, i.
rectum, the rectum, i. tenue, the small intestine.
i. tenue mesenteriale, that portion of the small
intestine which has a mesentery, namely the jejunum
and ileum.

intima {in'-tim-ah) [intimus, inmost]. The inner-
most^ the three coats of a blood-vessel.

intimal {in'-tim-al). Pertaining to the intima.

intimitis {in-tim-i'-tis). Inflammation of an intima.

intoe {in' -to). Hallux valgus.

intoeing {in-to'-ing). A condition in which a
person (usually a child) walks, with the toes pointing
inward, so that when he attempts to run he trips over
his feet or falls.

intolerance {in-tol'-er-ans) [in, not; tolerare, to
bear]. Want of endurance or ability to stand pain.
Impatience. Also, the inability to endure the action
of a medicine, i. of light. See photophobia.

intonation {in-to-na' -shun) [intonare, to thunder].
1. The tone of the voice. 2. The rumbling or
gurgling sound produced by the movement of flatus
in the bowels.

intort {in' -tort). To turn inward.

intoxicant {in-toks'-ik-ant) [intoxicare, to intoxi-
cate]. 1. Intoxicating; capable of producing intoxi-
cation or poisoning. 2. A drug or agent capable of
producing intoxication.

intoxication {in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [in, in; to£ik6v,
poison]. 1. Poisoning. 2. The acute state produced
by overindulgence in alcohol.

intoxications {in-toks-ik-a' -shuns) [see intoxication].
A general name for the group of diseases due to
the administration of poisons generated entirely
outside of the body.

intra- {in-trah-) . A prefix signifying within or during.

INTRA-ABDOMINAL

470

INTRASPINAL

intra-abdominal (in-lrah-ab-dom'-in-al) [intra-; ab-
domen]. Within the cavity of the abdomen.

intra-acinar, intra-acinous (in-trah-as'-in-ar, -us)
[intra- ; acinus, a berry]. Situated or occurring with-
in an acinus.

intra-arachnoid (in-trah-ar-ak'-noid). Within or
underneath the arachnoid.

intra-arterial (in-trah-ar-te'-re-al). See endarterial.

intra-articular (in-trah-ar-tik'-u-lar) [intra-; articu-
lus, a joint]. Within a joint.

intrabronchial (in-trah-brong'-ke-al). Within a
bronchus.

intracapsular (in-trah-kap'-su-lar) [intra-; capsula,
a capsule]. Within the capsular ligament of a joint,
as intracapsular fracture.

intracardiac (in-trah-kar'-de-ak) [intra-; KapSLa,
heart]. Situated or produced within the heart
cavity.

intracartilaginous (in-trah-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [intra- ;
cartilago, cartilage]. Within a cartilage, as intra-
cartilaginous ossification; endochondral.

intracellular (in-trah-sel'-u-lar) [intra-; cellula, a
little cell]. Within a cell.

intracerebellar (in-trah-ser-e-bel'-ar). Within the
cerebellum.

intracerebral (in-trah-ser'-e-bral) [intra-; cerebrum].
Within the cerebrum.

intracervical (in-trah-ser'-vik-al) [intra-; cervix].
Within the cervical canal of the uterus, or any other
cervical canal.

intraciliary (in-trah-sil'-e-a-re) [intra-; cilium, an
eye-lashj. Situated within the ciliary region.

intracisor (in-trah-si'-zor) [intra-; cadere, to cut].
A hemostatic forceps which cuts or crushes the
intima of an artery and removes the necessity of
a ligature.

iatra.colic(in-lrah-kol'-ik). Within the colon.

intracranial {in-trah-kra'-ne-al) [intra-; icpaviov.
the skull]. Wi.thin the skull.

intracutaneous (in-trah-ku-ta'-ne-us) [intra-; cutis,
the skin]. Within the skin-substance.

intracystic (in-trah-sis'-tik) [intra-; /cixrm, a cyst].
Situated or occurring within a cyst or bladder.

intrad {in' -trad). See entad.

intradermic (in-trah-der'-mik) [intra-; bkpixa, skin].
Within the skin.

intradural (in-trah-du'-ral) [intra-; dura]. Situ-
ated or occurring within the dura.

intraepidermal, intraepidermic (in-trah-ep-i-derm'-
al, -ik). Within the substance of the epidermis.

intra-epithelial (in-tra-ep-e-the'-le-al). Within the
epithelium.

intraf aradization (in-trah-far-ad-i-za'-shun). Fara-
dization applied to the inner surface of a body-
cavity.

intraf ascicular (in-tra-fas-ik'-u-lar). Within a
fascicle.

intraf etation (in-trah-fe-ta'-shun) [intra-; fetus].
The formation of a fetus within another fetus.

intrafilar (in-trah-fi'-lar) [intra-; filum, thread].
Situated within the meshes of a network, i. mass.
The paramitome, q. v.

intrafistular (in-tra-fis'-tu-lar). Within a fistula.

intrafusal (in-trah-fu'-zal) [intra-; fusus, a spindle].
Pertaining to the striated muscular fibers contained
in a muscle-spindle.

intragalvanization (in-trah-gal-van-i-za'-shun). The
application of galvanism to the inner surface of an
organ.

intragastric (in-trah-gas'-trik). Located or occur-
ring within the stomach.

intraglandular (in-trah-glan'-dil-lar). Within a
gland.

intraglobular (in-trah-glob'-u-lar). Within a blood-
corpuscle; intracorpuscular.

intragyral (in-trah-ji'-ral) [intra-; gyrus, a gyre].
Within a gyre of the brain.

intrahepatic (in-trah-he-pat'-ik) [intra-; rjv ap, liver].
Within the liver-substance.

intrajugular (in-trah-joo'-gu-lar). Within or inter-
nal to the jugular foramen, vein, or process.

intralamellar (in-trah-lam-el'-ar) [intra-; lamella, a
thin plate]. Within the lamellae.

intralaryngeal {in-trah-lar-in'-je-al). Within the
larynx.

intraligamentous (in-trah-lig-am-en'-tus) [intra- ;
ligamentum, a ligament]. Within or between the
folds of a ligament, as an intraligamentous cyst.

intralingual {in-trah-ling'-gwal) [intra-; lingua,
tongue]. Within the substance of the tongue.

intralobular (in-trah-lob'-u-lar) [intra-; lobulus, a
little lobe]. Within a lobule, as the intralobular vein
of the liver.

intralocular (in-trah-lok'-ii-lar). Within the loculi
of a structure.

intramammary (in-trah-mam'-ar-e). Within the
breast.

intramarginal (in-trah-mar'-jin-al). Located within
a margin.

intramastoiditis (in-trah-mas-toid-i'-tis). See endo-
mastoiditis.

intramatrical (in-trah-maf '-rik-al) . Inside of a
matrix.

intramedullary (in-trah-med'-u-lar-e) [intra-; med-
ulla, marrow]. Within the medulla.

intramembranous (in-trah-mem'-bran-us) [intra-;
membrana, a membrane]. Developed or taking
place within a membrane, as intramembranous
ossification.

intrameningeal (in-trah-men-in'-je-al) [intra- ; p.rjviy^,
membrane]. Situated within the substance of
the membranes of the brain or spinal cord.

intramural (in-trah-mu'-ral) [intra-; murus, a wall].
Within the substance of the walls of an organ, as-
intramural fibroid of the uterus.

intramuscular (in-trah-mus'-ku-lar) [intra-; muscu-
lus, a muscle]. Within the substance of a muscle.

intramolecular (in-trah-mo-lek'-u-lar) [intra-; mole-
cula, a molecule]. Within the molecules of a sub-
stance.

intramyocardial (in-trah-mi-o-kar'-de-al). Within
the myocardium.

intranasal (in-trah-na'-sal) [intra-; nasus, nose].
Within the cavity of the nose.

intranatal (in-trah-na'-tal). Occurring during:
birth, or at the time of birth.

intraneural (in-trah-nu'-ral). Within a nerve.

intranuclear (in-trah-nu'-kle-ar) [intra-; nucleus, a
kernel]. Within a nucleus.

intraocular (in-trah-ok'-u-lar) [intra-; oculus, eye J
Within the globe of the eye, as intraocular hemor-
rhage.

intraoral (in-trah-or'-al) [intra-; os, oris, a mouth].
Within the mouth.

intraorbital (in-trah-or'-bit-al) [intra- ; orbita, orbit].
Within the orbit.

intraosseous {in-trah-os'-e-us) [intra-; os, ossis, a
bone]. Within the substance of a bone.

intraovarian (in-trah-o-va'-re-an) [intra-; ovarium,
ovary]. Within the ovarian stroma.

intraparenchymatous (in-trah-par-en-ki'-mat-us}
[intra-; parenchyma]. Within the parenchyma; be-
tween the elements of a tissue.

intraparietal (in-trah-par-i'-e-tal) [intra-; paries, a
wall]. I. Within the wall of an organ. 2. Within
the parietal region of the cerebrum, as the intra-
parietal fissure.

intra partum (in'-trah par' -turn) [L.]. During child-
birth or delivery.

intrapelvic (in-trah-pel'-vik) [intra-; pelvis, basin].
Within the pelvic cavity.

intraperitoneal (in-trah-per-it-on-e'-al) [intra-; peri-
toneum]. Within the peritoneum.

intrapial (in-trah-pi' -tal) . Within the pia mater.

intraplacental (in-trah-plas-en'-tal) [intra-; pla-
centa]. Within the placental tissue.

intrapleural (in-trah-ploo'-ral) [intra-; pleura].
Within the pleural cavity.

intrapolar (in-trah-po'-lar) [intra-; polus, pole].
Between two poles.

intrapontine (in-trah-pon'-tln) [intra-; pons]. Situ-
ated within the pons Varolii.

intrapulmonary (in-trah-pul'-mon-a-re) [intra-; pul-
monary]. Within the substance of the iung.

intrapyretic (in-trah-pi-ret'-ik) [intra-; irvperds^
feverish]. Occurring during the febrile stage.

intrarachidian (in-trah-rak-id'-e-an). Intraspinal.

intrarectal (in-trah-rek'-tal). Within the rectum.
intrarenal (in-trdh-re'-nal) [intra-; ren, kidney].
Within the kidney.

intraretinal (in-trah-rel'-in-al) [intra-; retina]..
Within the substance of the retina.

intrarrhachidian (in-trar-rak-id'-e-an). Intra-
spinal.

intrascleral (in-trah-skle' -ral) [intra-; sclera]. Situ-
ated, occurring, or performed within the sclera.

intrascrotal (in-trah-skro'-tal) [intra-; scrotum]*
Within the scrotal sac.

intraspinal (in-trah-spi'-nal) [intra-; spina, spine].
Within the spinal canal.

INTRATESTICULAR

471

INVERTIN

intratesticular (in-trah-tes-tik'-u-lar). Within the
testicle.

intrathoracic (in-trah-tho-ras'-ik) [intra-; dwpa£,
chest]. Situated or occurring within the thorax.

intratonsillar (in-trah-ton-sil'-ar). Situated within
the tonsil.

intratubal (in-trah-tii'-bal) [intra-; tuba, a trumpet].
Within a Fallopian tube.

intratympanic {in-trah-tim-pan'-ik) [intra-; tym-
panum]. Within the tympanic cavity.

intraurethral (in-trah-u-rl'-thal) [intra-; urethra].
Within the_ urethra.

intrauterine (in-trah-u'-ter-in) [intra-; uterus].
Within the uterus.

intravaginal (in-trah-vaj'-in-al) . Within the vagina.

intravasation (in-trav-as-a'-shun) [intra-; vas,
vessel]. The entrance of extraneous matter, as pus,
into a blood-vessel. Cf. extravasation.

intravascular (in-trah-vas'-ku-lar) [intra- ; vasculum,
a small vessel]. Within the blood-vessels.

intravenous (in-trah-ve'-nus) [intra-; vena, a vein].
Within or into the veins, i. injection, the intro-
duction of a solution directly into a vein.

intraventricular (in-trah-ven-trik'-u-lar). Located
or occurring within a ventricle.

intravertebral (in-trah-ver-te' -bral) [intra-; vertebra].
Same as intraspinal.

intravesical (in-trah-ves'-ik-aV) [intra-; vesica,
bladder]. Within the bladder.

intravillous (in-trah-vil'-us). Situated within a
villus.

intravital, intra vitam (in-trah-vi'-tal, -tarn) [intra-;
vita, life]. Occurring during life. i. stain, one that
will act upon living material.

intravitreous {in-trah-vit'-re-us) . Within the vitre-
ous humor.

intrinsic (in-trin'-sik) [intrinsecus, on the inside].
Inherent; situated within; peculiar to a part, as the
intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

intro- (in-tro-). A prefix signifying within.

introcession (in-tro-ses'-shun) [introcedere, to go
into]. A depression or sinking in, as of a surface.

introducer (in-tro-du'-sur) [introducere, to lead into].
An instrument used in inserting anything; an intu-
bator.

introfiexion (in-tro-fiek'-shun) [intro-; flexio, a
bending]. A bending in; inward flexion.

introgastric (in-tro-gas'-trik) [intro-; yaarvp,
stomach]. Conveyed or passed into the stomach.

introitus (in-tro' -it-us) [intro-; ire, to go]. An
aperture _ or entrance, i. pelvis, the inlet of the
pelvis, i. vaginae, the entrance to the vagina.

intromission (in-tro-mish'-un) [intro-; mitten, to
send]. The introduction of one body into another,
as of the penis into the vagina.

introspection (in-tro-spek'-shun) [intro-; spicere, to
look]. The act of looking inward, i., morbid, the
morbid habit of self-examination; insane, or quasi-
insane, dwelling upon one's own thoughts, feelings,
impulses, fears, or conduct.

introsusception (in-tro-sus-sep'-shun) [intro-; sus-
cipere, to receive]. Intussusception.

introversion (in-tro-ver'-shun) [intro-; verier e, to
turn]. A turning within, as a sinking within itself
of the uterus.

intubation (in-tu-ba' -shun) [in, in; tuba, a pipe],
i. The introduction of a tube into a part, particularly
of a tube into the larynx, to allow the entrance of
air into the lungs, as in diphtheria. 2. Catheterism.

intubationist (in-tiL-ba' -shun-ist). One who is
expert in performing intubation of the larynx.

intubator (in'-tu-ba-lor). An instrument used in
introducing a tube in intubation.

intumescence (in-tu-mes'-ens) [intumescere, to
swell]. A swelling, of any character whatever. Also,
an increase of the volume of any organ or part of
the body.

intumescentia (in-tu-mes-en' -she-ah) [L.]. A swell-
ing, i. cervicalis, the cervical enlargement of the
spinal cord. i. gangliformis, the reddish, gangliform
swelling of the facial nerve in the aqueduct of Fal-
lopius. i. lumbalis, the lumbar enlargement of the
spinal cord. i. semilunaris. See ganglion, Gasserian.

intussusception (in-lus-sus-ep'-shun) [intus, within;
suscipere, to receive]. Invagination or slipping of
one part of the intestine into the part beyond. It is
most frequent in the young, occurring, as a rule, on
the right side, the ileum slipping into the ascending
colon, carrying the ileocecal valve in front of it. The
condition is characterized by pain, tenesmus, frequent

small bloody stools, the presence of a sausage-shaped
tumor in the flank, and often, on rectal examination,
of a mass in the rectum, i., ascending, i., regressive,
i., retrograde, that form in which the lower part of
the intestine is invaginated in the upper, i., de-
scending, i., progressive, that form in which the
upper part of the intestine is invaginated in the lower.

intussusceptum (in-tus-sus-sep' -turn) [see intus-
susception]. In intussusception, the invaginated
portion of intestine.

intussuscipiens (in-tus-sus-sip'-e-enz). In intus-
susception, the invaginating segment of the intestine.

inula (in'-u-lah) [L.]. Elecampane. The root of
/. helenium, a plant of the natural order Composites,
containing a principle resembling starch and termed
inulin, a crystalline body, alantic acid (C15H20O2),
alantol (C10H16O), and helenin (CeHgO). Elecam-
pane is tonic, stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, em-
menagogue, and expectorant, and has been used in
amenorrhea, dropsy, and in scaly skin diseases. Dose
20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.).

inulase (in'-u-las). An enzyme found in the roots
of Inula helenium and in the bulb of squill. It
decomposes inulin, but has no action on starch, and
is destroyed by excessive alkalinity or acidity.

inulin (in'-u-lin) [inula]. 1. C6H10O5. A carbo-
hydrate from elecampane and other plants. 2. A
precipitate from the tincture of the root of Inula
helenium; an aromatic stimulant, tonic, and expec-
torant. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.).

inulol (in'-u-lol). See alantol.

inunction (in-ungk'-shun) [inungere, to anoint].
The act of rubbing an oily or fatty substance into
the skin; also, the substance used.

inustion (in-us'-chun) [inustio, a burning in]. A
burning in; deep or thorough cauterization.

invaccination (in-vak-sin-a'-shun). Accidental in-
oculation with some other disease during vaccination.

invagination (in-vaj-in-a'-shun) [in, in; vagina, a
sheath]. The act of insheathing or becoming
insheathed.

invalid (in'-val-id) [in, not; validus, strong]. 1. Not
well. 2. One who is not well, especially one who is
chronically ill or whose convalescence is slow. 3.
Suitable for an invalid person, as invalid diet, invalid
chair.

invaliding (in'-val-id-ing) [in, not; valere, to be
well]. The placing of a soldier or officer on the
list of invalids, and thus excusing him from active
duty.

invalidism (in'-val-id-izm) [in, not; valere, to be
well]. Chronic ill-health; the state or condition of
being an invalid.

invasion (in-va'-zhun) [in, upon; vadere, to go].
The onset, especially that of a disease; also, the
manner in which the disease begins its attack.

mverrnination (in-ver-min-a'-shun) [in, in; vermis,
worm]. A condition of having intestinal worms;
ill-health due to parasitic worms; helminthiasis.

inverse temperature. A complete reversal of the
usual course of the temperature, so that the morning
temperature exhibits the maximum, and the evening
temperature the minimum. It is not infrequently
seen in acute tuberculous affections, and rarely in
typhoid fever.

inversion (in-ver' -shun) [in, in; vertere, to turn].

1. The act of turning inward. 2. A turning upside
down. 3. In chemistry, the conversion of a dex-
trorotatory compound into one that is levorotatory.
i. of bladder, a condition, occurring only in females,
in which the bladder is in part or completely pushed
into the dilated urethra, i., sexual, sexual instinct
and attraction towards one of the same sex; homo-
sexuality, q. v.

inversive (in-ver '-siv). Applied to ferments which
convert canesugar into glucose.

invert (in' -vert). A person addicted to homosex-
uality.

invertase (in-ver '-las). Same as invertin.

invertebral (in-vurt'-e-bral) [in, not; vertebra, back-
bone]. Without a spinal column.

invertebrata (in-ver-te-bra'-tah) [in, not; vertebra].
Animals that have no spinal column.

invertebrate (in-verf '-e-brat) [in, not; vertebra,
backbone]. 1. Without a spinal column ; invertebral.

2. An animal without a vertebra.

invertin (in-ver' -tin) [in, not; vertere, to turn],
A ferment found in the intestinal juice, and pro-
duced by several species of yeast-plant; it converts
cane-sugar in solution into invert-sugar.

INVERTOR

472

IODITE

invertor (in-ver'-tor). A muscle which rotates a
part inward.

invertose (in'-ver-tos). Invert-sugar.

invert-sugar. A sugar that turns rays of polarized
light to the left. The term is usually applied to
levulosepr to a mixture of dextrose and levulose.

investing (in-ves'-ting) [investire, to invest]. En-
sheathing, surrounding. In dentistry, embedding a
denture in what is known as investing-material,
for the purpose of soldering the linings or backings
of the teeth to the plate.

investiture, investment (in-vest'-i-chur, in-vest'-
ment) [in, in; vestire, to clothe]. A sheath; a covering,
i., fibrous, (of the suprarenal capsule), a sheath of
connective tissue composed of an outer loose portion
and an inner part adhering closely to the capsule;
its deeper layers contain unstriped^ muscle-fiber.
Syn., involucrum rents succenturiati. i., myelin, the
medullary sheath.

inveterate (in-vet'-er-at) [in, with an intensive
force ; vetus, old ] . Long established ; chronic ; resisting
treatment; obstinate; as an inveterate skin disease.

invious {in'-ve-us) [in, not; via, a way]. Impene-
trable; impervious.

invirility (in-vir-iV -it-e) [in, not; virilis, of a man].
Lack of manly qualities, especially lack of virile
power; male impotency.

inviscation (in-vis-ka'-shun) [in, in; viscum, bird-
lime]. < Insalivation.

in vitro {in vit'-ro) [L.]. Within glass, especially
within test-tubes. Also applied to a method of
observing under the microscope reproduction and
life processes in living cells on a prepared glass slide.

in vivo (in vi'-vo) [L.]. Within the living body, as
distinguished from occurrences observed in vitro.

involucre (in'-vo-lii-ker). Same as involucrum, q. v.

involucrum (in-vo-lu'-krum) [involvere, to inwarp;
pi., involucra]. The covering of a part. The sheath
of bone enveloping a sequestrum.

involuntary (in-voV -un-ta-re) [in, not; voluntarius,
willing]. Performed or acting independently of the
will. i. muscles, those that are not governed by
the will.

involute (in'-vo-lut) [involvere, to roll up, to wrap
up]. In biology, rolled up, as the edges of certain
leaves in the bud.

involution (in-vo-lu'-shun) [involvere, to roll upon].
I. A turning or rolling inward. 2. The retrogressive
change to their normal condition that certain organs
undergo after fulfilling their functional purposes.
L, buccal, theTfolding in of the epiblast which forms
the cavity of the mouth, i.-forms, a term applied
to microorganisms that have undergone degenerative
changes as a result of unfavorable environment.
i.,I pituitary, the ingrowth of the epiblast of the
mouth cavity which forms the hypophysis. L, senile,
senile atrophy, i. of the uterus, the return of the
uterus after gestation to its normal weight and con-
dition.

inward (in' -ward). Toward the center, i. con-
vulsions. Synonym of laryngismus stridulus.

inyloma (in-il-o'-mah) [Is, fiber; iXrj, matter].
A fibrous tumor; inhyloma.

iaymenitis (in-im-en-i'-tis). See inohymenitis.

iodacetanilide (i-o-das-et-an'-il-id). See iodoace-
tanilide.

iodacetyl (i-o-das'-et-il). See acetyl iodide.

iodal (i'-o-dal), C2I3HO. A compound formed on
the type of chloral, but containing iodine instead of
chlorine. It is reported to resemble chloral in its
sedative qualities, but is seldom used as a remedy.

iodalbacide (i-o-dal'-bas-id). Iodine (10 %) com-
bined with albumin. In treatment of syphilis, dose,
IS gr. (1 Gm.) 3 to 6 times daily.

iodalbin (i-o-dal'-bin). Trade name of a compound
of iodine and blood albumin, used like the iodides.
Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 gm.).

iodamyl (i-o-dam'-il). 1. See amyl iodide. 2. See
iodamylum. i.-formol, a combination of formalde-
hyde, starch, thymol, and iodine.

iodamylum (i-od-am'-il-um). Iodized starch;
employed internally in the'' proportion of 5 parts of
iodine to 95 parts of starch. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-
0.6 Gm.) ; externally in sluggish ulcers.

iodanisol (i-o-dan' -is-ol) , CeH4(OCH3)I. A pro-
posed antiseptic forming a yellow or red crystalline
mass soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 47 ° C.
iodanitin, iodanitol (i-od-an'-it-in, -ol). A combina-
tion of iodine and anitin; a bactericide.

iodanthrak (i-od-an'-thrak) . An absorption product

of iodine and animal charcoal, containing 20 per cent.,
of iodine; used as an antiseptic.

iodantifebrin. See iodoacetanilide.

iodantipyrin (i-o-dan-tip-i'-rin). See iodopyrin.

iodate (i'-o-dat). Any salt of iodic acid.

iodated (i'-o-da-ted). Charged with iodine.

iodatum (i-o-da'-tum). Charged with iodine.

iodcaffeine. See iodocaffeine.

iodethane, iodethyl (i-od'-eth-an, -il). See ethyl
iodide.

iodethylformin (i-od-eth-il-form'-in) , C6Hi2N«(C2-
H5I). A proposed substitute for iodides for internal
use.

iodhydrate (i-od-hi'-drat). Synonym of hydriodate.

iodia (i-o'-de-ah). A proprietary remedy said to
contain stillingia, menispermum, etc., with five
grains of potassium iodide and two grains of iron
phosphate in each fluidram. Dose as an alterative,
5 i-ij-

iodic (i-od'-ik). Obtained from or containing
iodine; also due to the use of iodine, i. acid. See
acid, iodic.

iodid. See iodide.

iodide, iodid (i'-o-did) [see iodine}. A compound
of iodine with another element or radical.

iodidum (i-o-di'-dum). An iodide.

iodimetry (i-o-dim'-et-re) [iodine; ixerpov, measure].
The determination of the quantity of iodine in a
compound or mixture.

iodin (i'-o-din). See iodine.

iodine, iodum (i'-o-din, i-o'-dum) [i&Svs, violet-
colored, from lov, a violet; eUos, like]. Symbol I;
atomic weight 126.92; quantivalence I; specific
gravity 4.948 at 170 C. (62. 6° F.). A nonmetallic
element with metallic luster, volatilizing at a low
temperature, and giving off an irritating, crimson-
purple vapor. It occurs in most marine plants, in
shell-fish, and in cod-liver oil. It is soluble in alcohol
and in solutions of potassium iodide and of sodium
chloride. It is a powerful irritant, and is used
chiefly as an alterative in scrofula and rickets; as an
absorbent in goiter and lymphatic enlargements; as
a counterirritant, and to produce inflammatory
reaction in hydrocele and other cysts. The long-
continued use of iodine and its preparations produces
a form of poisoning termed iodism. See iodism.
i.-green, a green pigment derived from coal-tar, used
in histological work. i. liniment (linimentum iodi,
B. P.), is used locally, i. ointment (unguentum iodi,
U. S. P.), used locally as an absorbent, i. pentoxide.
See acid, iodic, i.-phosphor, a combination of phos-
phorus, ^V gr-. hi 20 min. of iodipin of 25 % strength.
It is used hypodermatically in neurasthenia.^ spinal
sclerosis, gout, etc. Dose 20 min. (1.2 Cc). i. reac-
tion, iodophilia developed by exposing a dried
blood-smear to the action of a solution containing
3 parts of potassium iodide and 1 part of iodine
in 100 parts of water, brought to syrupy consistence
by adding lumps of gum-arabic. L, solution of,
compound (liquor iodi compositus, U. S. P.), Lugol's
solution. Dose 1-10 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). i.,
tincture of (tinctura iodi, U. S. P.). Dose 5-1 5 min.
(0.32-1.0 Cc). It is chiefly used locally, i. tri-
bromide, IBr3, a dark-brown fluid recommended for
spraying in diphtheritic sore throat of children: 1 part
in 300 of water, i. vapor (vapor iodi, B. P.) is
used for inhalation.

iodinophil (i-o-din'-o-fil) [iodin; <f>t,\elv, to love].
Having an affinity for iodine stain. A histological
element staining readily with iodine.

iodinophilia (i-o-din-o-fil'-e-ah). See iodophilia.

iodiodoformin (i-o-di-o-do-form'-in), CsHnN*-
CHI3. A light-brown, insoluble powder obtained
from hexamethylentetramine by action of iodine;
it is recommended as a substitute for iodine.

iodipin (i-o'-di-pin). An addition-product _ of
iodine, 10 to 25 %, and sesame oil; used in syphilis,
sciatica, etc. Dose, by mouth, 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0
Cc.) of 10 % solution; enema, 5-7 oz. (148-207 Cc);
subcutaneous injection, 1-2 dr. (3.7-7.5 Cc) of 25 %
solution.

iodipsol (i-o-dip'-sol). A compound of iodine used
as a substitute for iodoform.

iodism (i'-o-dizm) [iodine). A condition arising
from the prolonged use of iodine or iodine compounds,
marked by frontal headache, coryza, ptyalism, and
various skin-eruptions, especially acne; rarely by a
cachexia with atrophy of the sexual organs and
marked nervous symptoms.

iodite (i'-o-dit). A salt of iodous acid.

IODIZED

473

IODOSERUM

iodized (i'-o-dizd) [iodine]. Impregnated with
iodine.

iodoacetanilide (i-o-do-as-et-an'-il-id), CsHsINO.
An inert substance forming white, tasteless, flaky-
crystals, insoluble in water, obtained from acetanilide
in acetic acid by action of iodine chloride. Syn.,
iodantefebrin ; iodacetanilide.

iodoalbumin (i-o-do-aV -bu-min) . A compound of
iodine and albuminoids used in myxedema.

iodoamylene (i-o-do-am' -il-en) , C5H9I. A reaction-
product of valerylene with fuming hydroiodic acid;
a clear liquid soluble in alcohol, boils at 1420 C.
Syn., valerylene hydroiodide.

iodoamylum. See iodamylum.

iodocaffeine (i-o-do-kaf'-e-in). Colorless crystals,
soluble in water, decomposing in hot water, obtained
from a solution of potassium iodide and caffeine by
action of sulphureted hydrogen.

iodocasein (i-o-do-ka'-se-in). An antiseptic yellow
powder with odor of iodine, prepared from iodine and
casein; it is used as a vulnerary.

iodochloroxyquinolin (i-o-do-klor-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in) .
A bactericide used in surgery as a substitute for
iodoform. Syn., vioform.

iodocin {i-o' -do-sin). A proprietary antiseptic,
analgesic, and styptic.

iodocol, iodokol (i-o'-do-kol). A compound of
iodine and guaiacol; used in tuberculosis, croupous
pneumonia, etc. Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) 4 or 5
times daily.

iodocresol (i-o-do-kre'-sol), C7H7IO. A compound
of iodine and cresol; an odorless yellow powder
proposed as a substitute for iodoform. Syn.,
traumatol.

iodocrol (i-o'-do-krol) . See carvacrol iodide.

iodocyanide (i-o-do-si'-an-id). A double salt made
up of a cyanide and an iodide of the same base.

iododerma (i-o-do-derm'-ah) [iodine; Sep/xa, skin].
Skin diseases due to use of iodine and its prepara-
tions.

iodoeugenol (i-o-do-u' -jen-ol) , C10H11IO2. A com-
pound of iodine and eugenol-sodium ; a yellow,
inodorous, insoluble powder, melting at 150° C.
It is used as an antiseptic.

iodoform, iodoformum (i-o' -do-form, i-o-do-form' -
um) [iodine; forma, form], CHI3. A yellow, finely
crystalline substance having a peculiar penetrating
odor, and containing about 96.7 % of iodine by
weight. It is readily soluble in chloroform and
ether, less readily in alcohol, and but slightly in
water. Iodoform is antispetic and anesthetic, and
is used as a dressing to wounds and syphilitic and
chancroidal ulcers, either in powder or in the form of
iodoform gauze. In tuberculous affections, when it
can be directly introduced, it has yielded good results,
being in such cases usually employed in the form of an
emulsion in olive-oil or as an ethereal solution.
Internally it has been used as an alterative in goiter,
rickets, pulmonary tuberculosis, and syphilis. Dose
i-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). The use of large quantities
locally has led to the production of toxic symptoms,
which resemble those of meningitis, and to fatty
degeneration of the internal organs. Syn., formyl
triiodide; triiodomethane. L, deodorous, a combina-
tion of iodoform and thymol. Syn., anozol. i. gauze,
gauze impregnated with iodoform, i. ointment
(unguentum iodoformi, U. S. P.), used as a local anti-
septic and stimulant, i. oleate, a mixture of 2 %
of iodoform in oleic acid. It is used as an external
antiseptic on ulcers and abrasions, i.-salol, a mixture
of iodoform and phenyl salicylate; used as an anti-
septic in old wounds and in cavities, i. suppositories
(suppositoria iodoformi, B. P.), used after rectal
operations and in fissure of the anus.

iodoformagen (i-o-do-for'-maj-en). See iodof or-
mogen.

iodof ormal (i-o-do-form' -al) , C6H12N4 . C2H5I . -
CHI3. A yellow powder produced by the combina-
tion of ethyl-hexamethylentetramine hydriodide and
iodoform. It is used as a substitute for iodoform.

iodofonnin (i-o-do-form' -in), (CH2)eN4 . CHI3. An
inodorous compound of iodoform, 75 %, with hexa-
methylentetramine. i.-mercury, a yellowish, in-
soluble powder recommended as an antiseptic.

iodof ormism (i-o'-do-form-izm). Poisoning with
iodoform.

iodof ormize (i-o'-do-form-lz). To impregnate with
iodoform.

iodof ormogen (i-o-do-form' -o-j en). A compound
of iodoform, 10 %, and albumin, forming a bright

yellow, very light powder, insoluble in water and
sterilizable at ioo° C.

iodoformum (i-o-do-form' -um). Iodoform.

iodogallicin (i-o-do-gaV -is-in) . See bismuth-oxyi-
ododmethyl gallol.

iodogene, iodogenin (i-o'-do-jen, i-o-doj' -en-in) .
A disinfectant, said to be a mixture of charcoal and
potassium iodate, molded into cones. Iodine is
liberated on combustion.

iodogenol (i-o-doj' -en-ol). A compound of iodine
and peptonized albumin proposed as a succedaneum
for the iodine preparations ordinarily employed
internally.

iodoglandin (i-o-do-gland'-in). A preparation of
thyroid gland said to contain no thyroidin.

iodoglobulin (i-o-do-glob'-u-lin). A substance
derived from the thyroid gland, said to be more
soluble than thyroidin.

iodohemol (i-o-do-he'-mol). A compound consist-
ing of iodine and hemol. See hemol.

iodohydrargyrate (i-o-do-hi-drar'-ji-rat). A combi-
nation of mercuric iodide with the iodide of another
metallic element.

iodol, iodolum (i'-o-dol, i-o'-do-lum), dU . NH.
An odorless, grayish-brown powder, soluble in alcohol
and in ether, and used as a substitute for iodoform,
and also in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Dose
§-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). Syn., tetraiodopyrrol.
i.-caffeine, C8H10N4O2 . C4I4NH, a light-gray, crystal-
line powder, insoluble in water, containing 74-6 % of
iodol and 25.4 % of caffeine. It is a surgical anti-
septic. Syn., caffeinated iodol. i.-menthol, a mix-
ture of 1 part of menthol with 99 parts of iodol.

iodolen, iodolene, iodoline (i-o'-do-len, -len). An
iodol albumin compound said to contain 36 % of
iodine. It is a yellowish, granular powder, without
odor or taste, soluble in hot alkaline solutions. It
is a succedaneum for iodides internally and a non-
irritant external antiseptic. In tertiary syphilis,
dose, 30 gr. (2 Gm.) 6 to 10 times daily.

iodomethane (i-o-do-meth'-an). Methyl iodide.

iodometric (i-o-do-met'-rik). 1. Relating to iodo-
metry. 2. In chemical analysis relating to the
process or act of determining the quantity of a sub-
stance by its reaction with a standard solution of
iodine.

iodometry (i-o-dom'-et-re) [iodine; iikrpov, a
measure]. The estimation of the iodine-content in a
compound.

iodomuth (i-o'-do-muth), B18C7H7I2O5. A reddish-
brown powder containing bismuth and 25 % of
iodine. It is siccative, antiseptic, and alterative.
Dose 1-10 gr. (0.06-0.6 Gm.).

iodonaftan (i-o-do-naf -tan) . An ointment-base
containing 3 % of iodine.

iodonaphthol (i-o-do-naf -thol). See naphthol-
aristol.

iodone (i'-o-don). Trade name of an antiseptic;
it is a periodide of phthalic anhydride.

iodophen (i-o' -do-fen). See nosophen.

iodophenacetin (i-o-do-fe-nas'-et-in). See iodo-
phenin.

iodophenin (i-o-do-fe'-nin) [iodine; phenyl], C20H25-
I3N2O4. A combination of iodine and acetphene-
tidin. It is an effective bactericide.

iodophenochloral (i-o-do-fe-no-klor'-al). A brown
fluid used in skin diseases due to parasites; it is said
to consist of equal parts of phenol, tincture of iodine
and chloral hydrate.

iodophenol (i-o-do-fe'-nol). A solution of 20 parts
of iodine in 76 parts of fused phenol with 4 parts
of glycerol.

iodophil (i-o'-do-fil). See iodinophil.

iodophilia (i-o-do-fil'-e-ah) [iodine; <pi.\eZv, to love].
A pronounced affinity for iodine; the term is applied
to the protoplasm of leukocytes in purulent condi-
tions.

iodophosphide (i-o-do-fos' -fid) . A combination of
an iodide with a phosphide.

iodophthisis (i-o-doff'-this-is). The emaciation, or
local or general wasting that may result from free
use of iodine as a remedy.

iodopyrin (i-o-do-pi'-rin). Iodantipyrin. A chemi-
cal compound of iodine and antipyrine with the
composition, C11H11IN2O. It is an antipyretic in
doses of from one to five grains.

iodoserum (i-o-do-se'-rum). A solution of sodium
chloride, 6 parts, and potassium iodide, 2 parts, in
1000 Cc. of water; it is used as a sedative and in
syphilis.

IODOSIN

474

IRIDIZATION

iodosin, iodosinum {i-o' -do-sin, i-o-do-si'-num). A
compound of iodine, 15 %, and albumin; it is pro-
posed as a succedaneum for iodothyrin.

iodospongin {i-o-do-spon'-jin). A substance con-
taining iodine and possessing thyroid properties,
isolated from bath-sponge.

iodostarin {i-o-do-star'-in). An organic prepara-
tion of iodine containing 47.5 % of iodine. It is in-
soluble in water, and is odorless and tasteless; it is
said to be less toxic than iodoform.

iodotannin {i-o-do-tan'-in). An aqueous mixture
of iodine and tannin.

iodoterpin {i-o-do-ter' -pin) , C10H16I. A combina-
tion of iodine, 50 %, and terpin; a dark-brown liquid
with the odor of turpentine. It is used as a substi-
tute for iodoform.

iodotheine {i-o-do-the'-in). Colorless crystals or
white powder obtained from sodium iodide with
theine by action of sulphureted hydrogen; it is soluble
in water, decomposes in hot water. It is used to
increase systolic action and arterial pressure of the
heart. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.) 2 to 6 times
daily in cachets.

iodotheobromine {i-o-do-the-o-bro'-min). A reac-
tion-product of theobromine, a solution of potassium
iodide and sulphureted hydrogen. It is diuretic,
stimulant, and alterative, and is used in cardiac
affections. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.32-0.52 Gm.).

iodotherapy {i-o-do-ther'-ap-e). The treatment or
cure of disease by the use of iodine or its compounds.

iodothymoform {i-o-do-thi' -mo-form). Iodothymol
formaldehyde, a condensation-product of thymol
and formaldehyde; it is used as a wound antiseptic.

iodothymol {i-o-do-thi' -mol). See aristol.

iodothyrin {i-o-do-thi' -rin). A lactose trituration
of the active constituents of thyroid glands of sheep.
One grain contains 0.3 mg. of iodine. It is alterative
and discutient. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily.
Syn., thyrein; thyreoiodine ; thyroiodine.

iodothyroglobulin {i-od-o-thi-ro-glob'-u-lin). An
iodine-containing globulin found in the thyroid
gland.

iodovasogen {i-o-do-vas'-o-jeri). A solution of
iodine in vasogen; it is recommended in infiltrated
and spreading ulcers of the cornea.

iodovasol {i-o-do-vas'-ol). A combination of vasol
and 7 % of iodine.

iodozen {i-o'-do-zen), CeH2l2(COOCH3 . ONa). An
iodine derivative of methyl salicylate used as an
external antiseptic and discutient.

iodozone {i-o'-do-zon). A combination of iodine
and ozone; it is used as a mouth- wash and as an
inhalation in tuberculosis.

iodum {i-o'-dum) . See iodine.

ioduret {i-od'-u-ret) [iodine]. An iodide.

iodyloform {i-o-diV -o-form) . Trade name of a
combination of iodine and gelatin used as a substi-
tute for iodoform.

iolin {i'-o-lin). A preparation for external use
containing 20 % of iodine; it is said not to stain the
skin.

ion {i'-on) [ibv, going]. An atom or group of
atoms set free by electrolysis, and classified as an
anion or kation, according as it is set free at the
positive or negative pole.

ionic medication. See medication.

ionium {i-o'-ne-um) [ion]. A recently discovered
element of radio-active properties.

ionization {i-on-i-za' -shun) [ion]. Electrolytic
dissociation; the production of ions.

ionize {i'-on-lz). To dissociate into ions; said of
an electrolyte.

ionone {i'-on-on). A hydroaromatic ketone pre-
pared synthetically from citral, the odorous principle
of lemon oil. It has the odor of violets.

ionophose {i-on'-o-foz). A violet phose.

iontophoresis {i-on-to-fo-re'-sis) [ion-; <j>6pn<ns, a
carrying]. The introduction of ions into the body
by the electric current, for therapeutic purposes.
Medical ionization; cataphoresis.

iophobia {i-o-fo'-be-ah) [L6s, poison; <£6/3os, fear].
A morbid dread of poisons.

iotacism {i-o'-tas-izm) [tiara, the Greek letter I.]
Inability to pronounce distinctly the proper sound
of the letter i.

iothion {i-o-thi'-on). Diiodhydroxypropane, a
yellow, oily fluid, containing 80 per cent, of iodine;
used in place of the iodides.

ipecac, ipecacuanha {ip'-e-kak, ip-e-kak-u-an'-ah)
jBraz., ipecaaguen]. The dried root of Cephaelis

ipecacuanha, a plant of the order Rubiacece, con-
taining an alkaloid, emetine, C28H40N2O5, and ipeca-
cuanhic acid. In large doses ipecac is emetic; in
small doses, diaphoretic and expectorant; and in
minute doses, a gastric stimulant. It is used as an
emetic, especially in narcotic poisoning, and, in
children, to dislodge membranes and secretions in
croup and capillary bronchitis; as a diaphoretic in
acute colds, as an expectorant in bronchitis, as a
sedative (in minute doses in vomiting), and in
dyspepsia as a stimulant. It is said to be a specific
in tropical dysentery. Emetine is emetic in doses
of 5-4 gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.), but irritant in large
doses, i., fluidextract of {fluidextr actum ipecacuanha,
U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). i. and
opium, powder of {pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, U. S.
P.; pulvis ipecacuanha compositus, B. P.), Dover's
powder. Dose 2-15 gr, (0.13-1.0 Gm.). i. and
opium, tincture of {tinctura ipecacuanha et opii,
U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). i.,
syrup of {syrupus ipecacuanha, U. S. P.). Dose, as
an emetic, 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc.) for a child; |-i oz.
(16-32 Cc.) for an adult; as an expectorant, 5 min.-
1 dr. (0.32-4.0 Cc). i., wine of {vinum ipecacuanha,
U.S. P.). Dose 1 min.-i dr. (0.065-4.0 Cc).

ipomein {ip-o-me'-in). A glucoside, C78H132O36,
from the root of Ipomaa fastigiata.

ipsilene {ip'-sil-en). A gas used as a disinfectant,
obtained from iodoform by action of ethyl chloride
with heat and pressure.

ipsolateral {ip-so-lat'-er-al) [ipse, same; latus, side].
Situated on the same side, indicating paralytic or
similar symptoms which occur on the same side as
the cerebral lesion causing them.

Ir. Chemical symbol of iridium.

ir. Abbreviation for internal resistance.

iralgia {i-ral'-je-ah). See iridalgia.

irascibility {i-ras-ib-il'-it-e) [irasci, to be angry].
The quality of being choleric, irritable, or of hasty
temper. It is a frequent symptom in some varieties
of insanity and in neurasthenia, and in some cases it
amounts to a species of insanity.

iretol {i'-ret-ol) [Iris, a genus of plants], C7H8O4.
A phenol obtained by fusing irigenin with potash;
it melts at 186° C. Syn., methoxyphloroglucin.

iridadenosis {ir-id-ad-en-o'-sis) [iris; adr/v, gland].
A glandular affection of the iris.

iridaemia {ir-id-e' -me-ah) . See iridemia.

iridal {ir'-id-al) [iris]. Relating to the iris.

iridalgia {ir-id-al'-je-ah) [irido-; a\yos, pain].
Pain referable to the iris.

iridauxesis {ir-id-awks-e'-sis) [irido-; a&^o-is,
increase]. Auxesis or tumefactionTof the iris.

iridavulsion {ir-id-av-ul'-shun) [irido-; avellere, to
tear away]. Surgical avulsion of the iris.

iridectome {ir-id-ek' -torn) [irido-; Iktom, a. cutting
out], A cutting instrument used in iridectomy.

iridectomize {ir-id-ek' -tom-iz) [iridectomy]. To
excise a part of the iris; to perform iridectomy.

iridectomy {ir-id-ek' -to-me) [iris; i/crow, excision].
The cutting out of a part of the iris.

iridectropium {ir-id-ek-tro '-pe-um) [irido- ; eKrpoiriov,
eversion]. Eversion of a part of the iris.

iridemia {ir-id-e' -me-ah) [irido-; alfia, blood].
Hemorrhage from the iris,

iridencleisis, iridenkleisis {i-rid-en-kli'-sis). See
iridodesis.

iridentropium {ir-id-en-tro' -pe-um) [irido-; ivrpoirri,
a turning in]. Inversion of a part of the iris.

irideremia {i-rid-er-e' -me-ah) [iris; ipynia, lack].
Total or partial absence of the iris.

iridescence {ir-id-es'-ens) [iridescere, to shine with
rainbow-colors]. The property of breaking up light
into the spectral colors.

iridesis {ir-id-e' -sis). See iridodesis.

iridian {ir-id'-e-an) [iris]. Relating to the iris; iridal.

iridic {ir-id'-ik) [iris]. Pertaining to the iris,

iridicolor {ir-id'-ic-ul-or) [iris, a rainbow; color].
In biology, iridescent; exhibiting prismatic colors.

iridin {i' -rid-in) [iris]. 1. A precipitated extract of
blue flag. See iris (2). 2. A glucoside from the
rhizome of Iris florentina.

iridium {i-rid'-e-um) [iris]. A platinoid metal;
alloyed in small percentage with platinum it confers
rigidity upon the latter. The alloy is used as plate
in mechanical dentistry. Symbol, Ir. ; atomic weight,
I93..I.

iridization {ir-id-iz-a' -shun) [irido-]. The sub-
jective appearance, as of an iridescent halo seen by
persons affected with glaucoma.

irido-

475

IRON

irido- (i-rid-o-) [iris]. A prefix meaning relating to
the iris.

iridocapsulitis (ir-id-o-kap-su-li'-tis). Inflamma-
tion involving the iris^and the capsule of the lens.

iridocele (ir-id'-o-sel) [irido-; k^Xjj, hernia]. Pro-
trusion of part of the iris through a wound or
ulcer.

iridochoroiditis (ir-id-o-ko-roid-i'-tis) [irido-; cho-
roid; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of both the
iris and the choroid of the eye.

irido cine sis (ir-id-o-sin-e'-sis). See iridokinesis.

iridocoloboma (ir-id-o-kol-o-bo'-mah) [irido-; ko\6-
(tuna, a mutilation], i. The portion of iris removed in
iridectomy. 2. See coloboma.

iridocyclectomy (ir-id-o-si-klek' '-to-me) [irido-; nb-
#c\os, circle; iKTonrj, excision]. Excision of the
iris and of the ciliary body.

iridocyclitis (ir-id-o-sik-li'-tis) [irido-; kvkXos, a
circle; iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
iris and the ciliary body.

iridocyclochoroiditis (ir-id-o-sik-lo-ko-roid-i'-tis)
[irido-; kvkXos, circle; x&pwv, chorion; eUos, like-
ness; ins, inflammation]. Combined inflammation
of the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid.

iridocystectomy (ir-id-o-sist-ek' -to-me) [irido- ;
Khans, bladder; Uronij, excision]. Knapp's opera-
tion for making a new pupil when iridocyclitis or
iridocapsulitis following cataract operations or
trauma has closed the cold.

iridocyte (ir'-id-o-sil) [irido-; kvtos, cell]. Any
cell that produces color, either by means of its
structure or its contents.

iridodesis (ir-id-od'-es-is) [irido-; 8k<ns, a binding
together]. An operation for the purpose of altering
the position of the pupil by drawing the iris into one
or two small openings in the cornea and preventing
its return by a loop of silk placed around it.

iridodialysis (ir-id-o-di-al'-is-is). 1. See coredi-
alysis. 2. The separation of the iris from its attach-
ments.

iridodonesis (ir-id-o-do-ne'-sis) [irido-; 86i>r)<ris, a
trembling]. _ Tremulousness of the iris; hippus.

iridokinesis (ir-id-o-kin-e'-sis) [irido-; Kiv-qais,
movement]. Any movement of the iris, normal or
otherwise.

iridol (i'-rid-ol) [Iris, a genus of plants], C7H5-
(OCH3)20H. A phenol obtained from distillation of
iridic acid (CiqH^Oe) from orris-root.

iridoleptynsis (ir-id-o-lep-lin'-sis) [irido-; Xkirrwo-LS,
attenuation]. Attenuation or atrophy of the iris.

iridomalacia (ir-id-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [irido-; ii.aXa.KLa,
softness]. Morbid softening of the iris.

iridomotor (ir-id-o-mo'-tor) [irido-; movere, to
move]. Promoting the motion of the iris.

iridoncosis (ir-id-ong-ko'-sis) [irido-; 6yKwcns, a
puffing out]. Thickening of the iris.

iridoncus (ir-id-ong'-kus) [irido-; 67/cos, mass].
A tumor or swelling of the iris.

iridoparalysis (ir-id-o-par-al'-is-is) [irido-; paraly-
sis)^ Paralysisof the iris.

iridoparelkysis (ir-id-o-par-el'-kis-is) [irido-; irap-
eXiceiv, to draw aside]. An induced prolapse of the
iris to effect displacement of the pupil.

iridoparesis (ir-id-o-par'-es-is) [irido-; vapiois, a
letting go].# A slight or partial paralysis of the iris.

iridoplania (ir-id-o-pla'-ne-ah) [irido-; irXaMj, a
wandering]. Same as hippus.

iridoplasma (ir-id-o-plaz'-mah) [irido-; -rrXaana, any-
thing formed]. A form of degeneration of the iris.

iridoplatinum (ir-id-o-plat'-in-um). An alloy of
iridium and platinum; used in making electrodes,
etc.

iridoplegia (ir-id-o-ple' -je-ah) [irido- ; irX^yi], stroke]'
Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris.

iridoptosis (ir-id-op-to'-sis) [irido-; vtuois, a
falling]. Prolapse of the iris.

iridopupillary (ir-id-o-pu' -pil-a-re) [irido-; pupilla,
the pupil of the eye]. Pertaining to the iris and
the pupil.

iridorhexis (ir-id-o-reks'-is) [irido-; p^£is, a break-
ing]. Rupture of the iris.

iridoschisis, iridoschisma (ir-id-os'-kis-is, ir-id-os-
kiz'-mah) [irido-; ffxiVis, axio-fxa, cleft]. Coloboma
of the iris.

iridoscler»tomy (ir-id-o-skler-ot'-o-me) [irido- ;
<tk\i)p6s, hard; renveiv, to cut]. Puncture of the
sclera with division of the iris.

iridosis (ir-id-o'-sis). See iridodesis:

iridosteresis (ir-id-o-ster-e'-sis) . See aniridia and
irideremia.

iridotome (ir'-id-o-tom) [irido-; ro/ir], a cutting],
A cutting-instrument employed in iridotomy.

iridotomy (ir-id-ot'-o-me) [irido-; toutj, section].
An incision into the iris.

iridotromos (ir-id-ot' -ro-mos) [irido-; rpo/ios, tre-
mor]. Hippus; tremor of the iris.

iregenin (i-rij'-en-in), CioHigOs. A resolution-
product of the glucoside iridin by action of dilute
suphuric acid. It has the properties of a phenol,
forms crystals melting at 1860 C., and gives an in-
tense violet color with ferric chloride.

iris (i'-ris) [Ipis, a halo or rainbow]. 1. A colored
circular membrane placed between the cornea and
the lens, and having a central perforation; the pupil.
It is about half an inch in breadth, and consists
principally of two sets of unstriped muscular fibers,
the sphincter of the iris, or spincter pupillcz, a narrow
zone of circular fibers surrounding the pupil, and the
dilator of the iris, or dilator pupilla, a radiate band
of fibers extending from the pupil to the border of the
iris. 2. A genus of plants of the natural order
Iridece. The rhizome of Iris versicolor (blue flag)
is cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. Dose 10-20 gr.
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). i. bombe, a condition in which the
iris bulges forward due to an increasein the intra-
ocular fluid in the posterior chamber, i.-contraction.
See under reflex, i., Florentine, orris-root, the root
of Iris florentina, emetocathartic and diuretic. At
present it is used chiefly as an ingredient of tooth-
powders, i.-pigment, the chemically pure pigment of
the bovine eye; triturated with water it is used for
tattooing corneal opacities.

Irish ague. Synonym of typhus fever, q. v.

I. button, syphilis.

I. moss. See chondrus.

irisin (i'-ris-in). Same as iridin.

irisol (i'-ris-ol). A proprietary disinfectant, said
to contain iodoform, 50 %, and boric acid, 45 %■

iritic (ir-it'-ik) [iritis]. Of the nature of, pertaining
to, or affected with iritis.

iritis (ir-i'-tis) [iris; ins, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the iris.

iritoectomy (ir-it-o-ek' -to-me) [iris; 6*7-0/117, a
cutting out]. The removal of a portion of the iris
and iritic membrane for occlusion of the pupil.

iritomy (ir-it'-o-me). See iridotomy. _

iron (i'-ern). See ferrum. i. albuminate, contains
5 % ferric oxide or 10 % ferric chloride. Dose
10-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). i. and ammonium acetate,
solution of (liquor ferri et ammonii acetatis, U. S. P.) .
Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). i. ammonium alum. See ferric
ammonium sulphate, i. and ammonium citrate.
See ferric citrate, soluble, i. and ammonium tartrate.
See ferric ammonium tartrate, i. arseniate (Jerri
arsenias, B. P.), chiefly valuable for the arsenic it
contains. Dose tV"I IP"- (0.006-0.008 Gm.). i.
bromide, used in solution in doses of 20 min. (1.2
Cc.) 3 times daily, as an alterative tonic in chorea
and scrofula, i. cacodylate, used in chlorosis, etc.
Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.) daily; hypodermatically
|-i| gr. (0.03-0.09 Gm.). i.-casein, i. caseinate, a
flesh-colored precipitate without taste or odor,
obtained from casein of milk with iron lactate,
containing 5.2 % of ferric oxide; it is used as a nutri-
tive. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily.
Syn., ferrum caseinatum; iron nucleoalbuminate.
i. ferrocyanide, dark-blue powder or lumps obtained
from ferric salts with potassium ferrocyanide; it is
used as a tonic, antiperiodic, and cholagogue. Dose
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). Syn., Berlin blue; ferric
ferrocyanide; insoluble iron cyanide; Prussian blue.
i. glycerinophosphate, FeP04C3H6(OH.)2+2H20, yel-
low scales, soluble in water. It is used in neuras-
thenia, phosphaturia, Addison's disease, etc. Dose
2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily, i. lactate, ferrous
lactate, a salt occurring in minute whitish-green
crystals. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). i. mixture, com-
pound (mistura ferri composita, U. S. P.), Griffith's
mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 1. nucleoal-
buminate. See i.-casein. i. oleate, a brownish-
green, sticky substance containing Fe(Ci8H3302)2
It is soluble in ether and is used as a tonic inunction,
i. oxalate. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). i. oxide,
hydrated. See ferric hydroxide, i., oxide of, mag-
netic (Jerri oxidum magneticum, B. P.). Dose 5-20
gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). i. paranucleinate, a nutritive
preparation of casein of cows' milk, containing
22 % of iron and 2.5 % of phosphorus. Dose 5 gr.
(0.3 Gm.) 3 'times daily. Syn., triferrin. i. pepton-
ate, contains 5 % of red iron oxide with peptone;

IRONAL

476

ISCHIATIC

a fine yellow-brown powder. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-
0.52 Gm.). i. perchloride. See ferric chloride, i.
persulphate. See *'. sulphate, ferric, i. phosphate
{Jerri phosphas, B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65
Gm.). i. phosphate, ferric, Fe2(P04)2, white powder,
soluble in acids; used externally in solution with
dilute phosphoric acid for carious teeth. Ointment
10 to 20 % in carcinoma, i. phosphate, soluble.
See ferric phosphate, soluble, i. phosphosarcolactate.
See carniferrin. i. and potassium tartrate (ferri et
potassii tartras, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.).
i. and quinine citrate (ferri et quinines citras, U. S. P.).
Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). i. and quinine
citrate, soluble (ferri et quinines citras solubilis, U.
S. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). i., quinine,
and strychnine, glycerite of the phosphates of
(glyceritum ferri, quinines et strychnines phosphatum,
U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). i., quinine, and
strychnine phosphates, elixir of (elixir ferri, quinina
et strychnines phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr.
(4 Cc). L, quinine, and strychnine phosphates,
syrup of (syrupus ferri, quinines et strychnines phos-
phatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). i., reduced.
See ferrum reductum. i. and strychnine citrate (ferri
et strychnines citras, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-
0.2 Gm.). i. succinate, Fe(OH)C4H404, amorphous,
reddish-brown powder, tonic and alterative, used
as solvent in biliary calculi. Dose 1 teaspoonful of
the salt with 10 drops of chloroform 4 to 6 times daily.
Syn., ferric succinate, i. sulphate, ferric, Fe2(S04)3,
a grayish-white powder used as a disinfectant and
bactericide. Syn., iron persulphate; iron sesquisul-
phate; iron ter sulphate; normal ferric sulphate, i.
tannate, a salt in crimson scales. Dose 8-30 gr.
(0.52-2.0 Gm.) in 24 hours, i. valerianate, a dark-
red, amorphous powder. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32
Gm.). i. vitellinate, a preparation of iron and yolk
of egg. i., wine of (vinum ferri, U. S. P.). Dose 2
dr. (8 Cc). i., wine of, bitter (vinum ferri amarum,
U. S. P.), made from the soluble citrate of iron and
quinine. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). See also under
ferric, ferrous, and ferrum.

ironal, ironol (i'-ron-al, -ol). A preparation said
to contain 80 % of absorbable iron.

ironcosis (i-ron-ko'-sis). See iridoncosis.
m irone (i'-ron) [Iris, a genus of plants; -one, suffix
signifying ketone], C13H20O. A substance isolated
from Iris florentina, believed to be the mother-
substance of the odorous constituents of orris-root.

irotomy (i-rot'-o-me). Same as iridotomy.

irradiating (ir-ra'-de-a-ting) [irradiare, to emit
rays in every direction]. Radiating from a center,
as a pain arising from a definite focus of irritation.

irradiation (ir-a-de-a' -shun) [in, on; radiare, to
radiate]. 1. A phenomenon in which, owing to the
difference in the illumination of the field of vision
or its background, obiects appear much larger than
they really are. 2. Diffusion in all directions from a
common center; applied to nerve impulses, stellate
fractures, pains felt in some position in undemon-
strable anatomical connection with an affected organ,
etc.

irreducible (ir-e-du'-si-bl) [in, not; reducer e, to
lead back]. Not reducible; not capable of being
replaced in a normal position, as an irreducille
hernia.

irregular (ir-eg'-u-lar) [in, not; regula, rule]. Not
regular; not normal or according to rule; not rhyth-
mic; not recurring at proper intervals, as an irregular
pulse.

irreinoculability (ir-e-in-ok-u-la-UV-it-e) [in, not;
re, again; inoculatio, an engrafting]. Insuscepti-
bility to contagion due to previous inoculation.

irrespirable (ir-es-pi'-ra-bl) [in, not; respirare, to
breathe]. Not capable of being breathed.

irrhythmia (ir-ith'-me-ah). See arrhythmia.

irrigant (ir'-ig-ant) [irrigare, to lead water to].
A substance or wash used in or by irrigation.

irrigation (ir-ig-a'-shun) [irrigare, to lead water to].
The act of washing out by a stream of water, as
irrigation of the bladder, i., continuous, the con-
tinuous passage of a stream of water over a surface
in order to reduce or limit inflammation.

irrigator (ir-ig-a'-tor) [irrigare, to lead water to].
An apparatus, or device, for accomplishing the
irrigation of a part, surface, or cavity.

irritability (ir-it-ab-il'-it-e) [irritare, to excite].
1. The state of being irritable or of responding to
stimuli. 2. A functional disturbance of a part on;
account of which it reacts excessively to slight stimu-

lation, as irritability of the bladder, a condition in
which the urine is voided in small quantities at short
intervals, i., contact, a phenomenon shown by
Loeb in muscular movement by action of various
salts, e. g., a frog's muscle 'previously treated with a
Na salt the anion of which precipitates Ca is excited
by contact with such substances as oil, water, air,
etc., unlike a normal muscle, i., faradic, the state
in which the faradic current will cause muscular
contraction. L, galvanic, the state in which the
galvanic current will cause muscular contraction,
i., muscular, the inherent contractile quality of a
muscle, i., nervous, the property of a nerve to
transmit impulses upon stimulation.

irritable (ir'-it-a-bl) [see irritability], 1. Reacting
to stimuli. 2. Easily excited, i. bladder, a condi-
tion of the bladder marked by constant desire to
void urine, i. breast, a neuralgic condition of the
mammary gland, usually associated with uterine
affections, or with intercostal neuralgia, i. heart,
a peculiar condition of the heart characterized by
precordial pain, dyspnea on exertion, palpitation,
and irregularity of the heart's action, i. spine, a
condition of spinal anemia frequently occurring in
young hysterical females. There is pain along the
spine with tenderness on pressure, and vertigo,
nausea, palpitation and neuralgia, i. testicle. See
testicle, i. tongue, the clean, very red tongue, with
enlarged red papillae about its tip, seen in the dys-
pepsia of drunkards.

irritant (ir'-it-ant) [see irritability]. 1. Causing
or giving rise to irritation. 2. An agent that induces
irritation.

irritation (ir-it-a' -shun) [see irritability]. 1. A
condition of undue excitement. 2. The act of
irritating or stimulating. 3. The stimulus necessary
to the performance of a function.

irritative (ir'-it-a-tiv) [see irritability]. Charac-
terized by or dependent on irritation, i. fever, a
febrile condition dependent upon the presence in
the body of irritating substances.

irrumation (ir-oo-ma'-shun) [irrumare, to give
suck]. Sexual perversion where gratification is found
by mouth; same as fellatio.

isadelphia (is-a-del'-fe-ah) [Laos, equal; &8e\<f>6s, a
brother]. A twin monstrosity in which each body
is normal in the development of all essential organs
but united by unimportant tissues.

isadelphous (is-ad-el'-fus) [Laos, equal; d5eX<£6s,
brother]. In biology, having an equal number of
stamens in each bundle or brotherhood.

Isambert's disease (e-zahm-bair) [Emile Isambert,
French physician, 1827-1876]. Tuberculous ulcera-
tion of the mouth, fauces, and pharynx.

isapiol (is-ap'-e-ol) [Laos, equal; apiol], C12H14O4.
An isomer of apiol obtained from it by action of
alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide with heat.
In physiological properties it differs but slightly
from apiol.

isatin (i'-sat-in) [lo-hns, woad], C8H5NO2. A sub-
stance obtained by the oxidation of indigo with
HNOs.

isatropylcocaine (is-at-ro' -pil-ko-ka' -in) , C19H22NO4.
An amorphous alkaloid from coca leaves. It has
no anesthetic properties, but is said to be an active
cardiac poison.

ischemia (is-ke'-me-ah) [to-xtf, to check; alua,
blood]. Local anemia.

ischemic (is-kem'-ik) [see ischemia]. Affected with
or relating to ischemia.

ischeocele (is'-ke-o-sel). See ischiocele.

ischesis (is'-kes-is) [Zo-xew, to check]. Retention
or suppression of a discharge or secretion.

ischia (is'-ke-ah). Plural of ischium.

ischiadic (is-ke-ad'-ik). Same as ischiatic.

ischiagra \is-ke-a'*-grah) [LaxLov, hip; ay pa, seizure].
Gout in the hip. ;

ischial (is'r-ke-dfyl} ^Pertaining or belonging to the
ischium.

ischialgia (is-ke^til'-je-ah) [ischium; aXyos, pain].
Sciatica; neuralgia of the hip.

ischialgic (is-ke-aV-jik) [laxlov, hip; 4X705, pain].
Relating to or affected with ischialgia.

ischias, ischiasis (is'~ke-as, is-ki'-a-sis). See
ischialgia, ischias scoliotica (sko-le-ot'-ik-ah). A
transitory scoliosis due to a painful affection of the
muscles or nerves about the back.

ischiatic (is-ke-at'-ih) $sehium]s> Pertaining to the
ischium. rldaal >*r '«

ISCHIATITIS

477

ISODYNAMIC

ischiatitis (is-ke-at-i'-tis) [LaxLov, hip; ms, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve.

ischiatocele (is-ke-at'-o-sel). See ischiocele.

ischidrosis (is-kid-ro'-sis) [Laxw, to suppress;
tSpus. sweat]. Suppression of sweat.

ischidrotic (is-kid-rot'-ik) [i<rx«". to suppress;
iSpoos, sweat]. Causing a retention or suppression
of the sweat.

ischien (is'-ke-en) [LaxLov, hip]. Belonging to the
ischium in itself.

ischigalactic (is-ke-gal-ak' '-tik) [Lax^Lv, to restrain;
-ydXa, milk], i. Tending to check the flow of milk.
2. An antigalactic agent or medicine.

ischio- (is-ke-o-) [ischium]. A prefix indicating
relationship to the ischium or the hip.

iscnioanal (is-ke-o-a'-nal) [ischio-; anus]. Per-
taining to the ischium and anus.

ischiobulbar (is-ke-o-bul'-bar) [ischio-; /36X/3os, a
bulb]. Pertaining to the ischium and the bulb
of the urethra.

ischiocapsular (is-ke-o-kap'-sii-lar) [ischio-; cap-
sula, a capsule]. Pertaining to the ischium and
the capsular ligament of the hip.

ischiocavernosus (is-ke-o-kav-er-no'-sus) [ischio-;
caverna, cavern]. The erector penis (or erector
clitoridis).

ischiocele (is'-ke-o-sel) [ischio-;, K17X17, hernia].
Hernia through the sciatic notch.

iscbiococcygeus {is-ke-o-kok-sij'-e-us) [ischio-; coc-
cyx]. The coccygeus muscle.

ischiodidymus (is-ke-o-did'-im-us) [iax<-ov, hip;
SLdvuos, double]. A double monstrosity united at
the hips.

ischiofemoral (is-ke-o-fem'-o-ral) [ischio-; femur].
1. Pertaining to the ischium and the femur. 2. The
adductor magnus muscle.

ischiomenia (is-ke-o-me'-ne-ah). See ischomenia.

ischiomyelitis (is-ke-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [LaxLov, hip, loins;
/xueXos, marrow; i-m inflammation]. Lumbar my elitis ;
osphyomyelitis.

ischioneuralgia (is-ke-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [ischio-; neu-
ralgia]. Sciatica.

ischiopagus (is-ke-op'-ag-us) [LaxLov, hip; Kayos,
united]. A monomphalic monstrosity united by
the coccyges and the sacra, i. tetrapus, one with
four legs. i. tripus, one with three legs.

ischiopagy (is-ke-op'-aj-e) [ischio-; irayos, anything
which has become solid]. A double monstrosity
in which the two bodies are united at the coccyx and
sacrum.

ischioperineal (is-ke-o-per-in-e'-al) [ischio-; peri-
neum]. 1. Pertaining to both ischium and peri-
neum; pertaining to the space between the anus
and the scrotum. 2. See Transversus perinczi under
muscle.

ischiophthisis (is-ke-off'this-is) [LaxLov, hip; <l>6Lais,
a wasting]. Emaciation associated with or due to
hip-joint disease.

ischioprostatic (is-ke-o-pros-tat'-ik) . 1. Relating to
the ischium and the prostate. 2. The transversus
perinaei muscle.

ischiopubic (is-ke-o-pu'-bik). Relating to the
ischium and the pubes.

ischiopubiotomy (is-ke-o-pii-be-ot'-o-me). Division
of the ischial and pubic rami in otherwise impossible
labor.

ischiorectal (is-ke-o-rek'-tal) [ischio- ; rectum]. Per-
taining to both ischium and rectum, i. abscess,
an inflammation of the areolar tissue of the ischio-
rectal fossa, i. fossa. See fossa, ischiorectal.

ischiosacral (is-ke-o-sa'-kral). Pertaining to the
ischium and sacrum.

ischium (is'-ke-um) [LaxLov, hip]. The inferior
part of the os innominatum; the bone upon which
the body rests in sitting.

ischnogyria (isk-no-ji' -re-ah) [LaxvSs, feeble; yvpos,
curve]. A condition attended with slight develop-
ment of the cerebral convolutions.

ischo- (is'-ko-) [i<rx«i«,I to suppress]. A prefix
meaning suppressed, stopped, or checked.

ischoblennia (is-ko-blen'-e-ah) [Lax^v, to suppress;
p\evvos, mucus]. The suppression of a mucous
discharge.

ischocenosis (is-ko-sen-o'-sis) [Laxeiv, to suppress;
Kevwais, discharge]. The suppression of any
established or normal discharge.

ischocholia (is-ko-ko'-le-ah) [Laxeiv, to suppress;
XoX^, bile]. A suppression of the flow of bile.

ischochymia (is-ko-ki'-me-ah) [Laxw, to suppress;
xbftos, juice]. Dilatation of the stomach.

ischogalactia (is-ko-gal-ak'-te-ah) [laxeiv, to sup-
press; yd\a, milk]. Suppression of the natural flow
of milk.

ischogyria (is-ko-ji'-re-ah) [Laxw, to suppress;
yvpos, a curve]. The small convolutions produced
by senile atrophy. Cf. ischnogyria.

ischolochia (is-ko-lo'-ke-ah) [laxa-v, to suppress;
\6xia, lochia]. Suppression of the lochia! flow.

ischomenia (is-ko-me'-ne-ah) [Lax^-v, to suppress;
p.r\v, month; menses]. Suppression of the menstrual
flow.

ischophonia (is-ko-fo'-ne-ah) [Laxeiv, to suppress;
<povri, voice]. Aphonia. An impediment in speech.

ischopyosis (is-ko-pi-o'-sis) [Laxeiv, to suppress;
■kvov, pus]. The checking of any discharge of pus.

iscnospermia (is-ko-sper' -me-ah) [Laxeiv, to check;
o-irkpua, seed]. Suppression of semen.

ischuretic (is-ku-ret'-ik) [see ischuria]. 1. Relating
to or relieving ischuria. 2. A remedy or agent
that relieves retention or suppression of urine.

ischuria (is-ku'-re-ah) [Laxeiv, to suppress; ovpov,
urine]. Retention or suppression of urine.

ischyomy elitis (is-ke-o-mi-el-i'-tis). See ischio-
myelitis.

isinglass (i'-zing-glas). See ichthyocolla. i.,
vegetable. See agar.

island (i'-land). See insula and blood-islands.
i.s, Langerhans'. See under Langerhans. i. of
Reil. See under Reil.

isletin (iz' -let-in). Trade name for a preparation
containing internal secretions of pancreas and spleen
with spermin and sodium cacodylate.

iso- (i-so-) [Laos, equal]. A prefix signifying
equality, or, in chemical nomenclature, isomeric.

isoagglutinin (i-so-ag-gloo' -tin-in) [iso-; agglutinin].
An agglutinin in the blood of an individual capable
of agglutinating the blood-corpuscles of another
individual of the same species.

isoamylamine (i-so-am-il'-am-in) [iso-; amylum,
starch; amin], A ptomaine obtained in the distilla-
tion of horn with potassium hydroxide. It also
occurs in the putrefaction of yeast.

isoamylene (is-o-am'-il-en). See pental.

isoapiol (i-so-a'-pe-ol) [iso-; apium, parsley;
oleum, oil]. A substance obtained from apiol,
exercising a powerful influence upon the vasomotor
system.

isobar (i'-so-bar) [iso-; jSapos, weight]. In mete-
orology, a term denoting a line drawn through points
haying the same synchronous barometric pressure.

iso-bodies (i-so-bod'-ez). See isoagglutinin, iso-
cytolysin, isohemolysin, etc.

isocholesterin (i-so-ko-les'-ter-in) [iso-; cholesterin],
C26H44O. A substance isomeric with cholesterin,
and found in distilled sheeps' fat; it melts at 1380 C.

isocholin (i-so-ko'-lin) [iso-; X0X17, bile], C5H15NO2.
A body isomeric with cholin; it is found in fly-
agaric, and may be formed by oxidizing cholin.

isochromatic (i-so-kro-mat'-ik) [iso-; xp^o-, color].
Having the same color throughout.

isochronism (i-sok'-ro-nizm) [iso-; xpbvos, time].
The quality of occurring at equal intervals of time,
or lasting for equal periods of time.

isochronous (i-sok'-ro-nus) [iso-; xpovs, time].
Occurring at or occupying equal intervals of time.

isocoria (i-so-ko'-re-ah) [iso-; Kopt), pupil]. Equal-
ity in diameter of the two pupils.

isocreatinin (i-so-kre-at'-in-in), C4H7N3O. An
isomer of creatinin isolated from decomposing flesh.

isocytolysin (i-so-si-tol'-is-in) [iso-; kvtos, cell;
Xueu', to loose]. A cytolysin from the blood of an
animal, capable of acting against the cells of other
animals of the same species. Cf. isohemolysin.

isodactylous (i-so-dak'-til-us) [Laos, equal; SojctvXos,
digit]. In biology, having the fingers and toes alike.

isodiametric (i-so-di-am-et'-rik) [iso-; Sid, through;
nerpov,a. measure]. Having equal diameters.

isodimorphism (i-so-di-morf'-ism) [Laos, equal;
SLnop<pos, two-formed]. A form of dimorphism,
characterized by the appearance of a substance in
two similar but incompatible forms.

isodont (i'-so-dont) [Laos, equal; oSovs, tooth],
Having teeth of the same size and shape.

isodulcite (i-so-dul'-sit). See rhamnose.

isodynamia (i-so-di-nam'-e-ah) [Laos, equal; bvva-
tiis, force]. The property of being isodynamic.

isodynamic (i-so-di-nam'-ik) [iso-; Swapis, force].
Having or generating equal amounts of force. 1.
foods, those that produce an equal amount of heat
in undergoing the chemical changes of digestion.

ISOELECTRICAL

478

ISSAEFF'S PERIOD

isoelectrical (i-so-e-lek' -trik-aV) [iso-; ffkenrpov, am-
ber]. Having the same electrical properties through-
out.

isoerytbxoagglutinin (i-so-er-ith-ro-ag-gloo' -tin-in) .
See isoagglutinin.

isoform (i'-so-form). An antiseptic dusting powder
composed of equal parts of para-iodoxyanisol and
calcium phosphate.

isogamous (i-sog'-am-us) [laos, equal; ya/ios, marri-
age]. A term used to designate that mode of repro-
duction in which the uniting gametes are of equal
size. The same as conjugating.

isogamy (is-og'-am-e) [laos, equal; y&p.os, marriage].
The production of gametes of uniform size and
incapable of being distinguished as macrogametes or
microgametes. In biology, conjugation of similar
gametes.

isoglucosic (i-so-gloo-ko'-sic). A term applied to a
diabetic diet containing an amount of carbohydrates
equal to the patient's tolerance.

isogonic {i-so-gon'-ik) [ laos, equal; yovos, offspring].
In biology, characterized by isogonism.

isogonism (i-sog'-o-nizm) [Laos, equal; yovos, off-
spring]. In biology, the production by different
stocks of sexual organisms of identical structure.

isohemoagglutinin (i-so-hem-o-ag-gloo' -tin-in). See
isoagglutinin.

isohemolysin (i-so-hem-oV-is-in) [iso-; alfia, blood;
\v%iv, to loose]. In Ehrlich's lateral-chain theory,
a hemolysin capable of acting against the blood of
other animals of the same species as the one pro-
ducing it, but capable of hemolizing the red blood-
corpuscles only of such as have red blood-corpuscle
receptors very similar to or identical with the re-
ceptors of the blood giving rise to the hemolysin.
Cf. isocytolysin.

isoidiolysin (i-so-id-e-ol'-is-in). See idioisolysin.

isolactose (i-so-lak'-tos). A disaccharid or true
sugar formed by the action of an enzyme on lactose or
milk-sugar.

isolate (is'-o-lat) [insula, an island]. To separate;
to place apart.

isolation (is-o-la'-shun). The act or process of
isolating, or the state of being isolated; separation
of those ill of contagious diseases from other
persons.

isologous (i-sol'-o-gus) [laos, equal; \6yoe, method,
ratio, or system]. Having similar relations or pro-
portions. A qualification applied to compounds
containing a like number of carbon-atoms, with a
gradually decreasing number of hydrogen-atoms.

isolophobia (is-o-lo-fo' -be-ah) [insula, an island;
<£60os, fear]. Morbid dread of being alone.

isolysin (i-sol'-is-in) [iso-; \ietv, to loose]. A
cytolysin produced by injecting red blood-cells into
an animal of the same species. An isolysin will
destroy the red blood-cells of any animal of the same
species except those of the immunized individual.
Cf. heterolysin.

isolysis (i-sol'-is-is). The hemolytic action of the
blood-serum of an animal of one species upon the
corpuscles of another individual of the same species.

isolytic (i-so-lit'-ik). Pertaining to or caused
by isolysis or an isolysin.

isomaltose (i-so-mawl'-tos), C12H22O11. A sac-
charose formed by the action on starch of an enzyme
capable of producing maltose. It occurs in small
quantity in the urine.

isomer (i'-som-er) [iso-; p.kpos, a part]. An
isomeric body. See isomeric.

isomeric (i-so-mer'-ik) [see isomer]. Of a chemical
substance, composed of the same elements united
in the same proportions by weight; in a restricted
sense, composed of the same elements and having
the same molecular weight as another substance.

isomerism {i-som'-er-izm) [see isomer]. The
quality of being isomeric. Isomerism is of two
kinds — (1) substances may have the same per-
centage-composition and the same molecular weights;
these are termed metameric; (2) they may have the
same percentage-composition, but different molecular
weights; these are termed polymeric. Ammonium
cyanate, CON . NH4, and urea, CON2H4, are meta-
meric; acetylene, C2H2, benzene, C6H6, and styrene,
CsHs, are polymeric, i., physical, the form in which
bodies that are isomeric and do not differ chemically
present different physical properties, such as their
action toward polarized light.

isometric (i-so-met'-rik) [iso-; p.krpov, a measure].
Of the same dimensions, i. muscular act, the preser-

vation of the length of a muscle when stimulated, the
muscle undergoing change in tension only.

isometropia (i-so-met-ro'-pe-ah) [iso-; y.krpov, a
measure; &4>, eye]. Equality of kind and degree in
the refraction of the two eyes.

isomorphic (i-so-mor'-fik) [iso-; /j.op4>rj, form].
Having the same form; of crystals, crystallizing in
the same form.

isomorphism (i-so-mor'-fizm) [see isomorphic].
Similarity in crystalline form.

isomorphous (i-so-mor'-fus). See isomorphic.

isonaphthol (i-so-naf'-thol). A compound from
naphthalene; a local antiseptic.

isonomic (i-so-nom'-ik). In chemistry, applied to
isomorphism existing between two compounds of like
composition.

isopathotherapy (i-so-path-o-ther'-ap-e). Same as
isopathy, q. v.

isopathy (i-sop'-ath-e) [iso-; ir&Bos, suffering}.
The treatment of disease by the administration of
the causative agent or of its products, as the treat-
ment of smallpox by the administration of variolous
matter.

isopelletierine (i-so-pel-et'-e-er-in). See pelletierine.

isopepsin (i-so-pep'-sin) [iso-; pepsin]. 1. A body
formed by heating pepsin to a point between 1040
and 1400 F. (40°-6o° C). It changes albumin into
parapeptqne. 2. Same as parapeptone.

isophoria (i-so-fo'-re-ah) [iso-; 4>6pos, a tending].
A condition in which the eyes lie in the same hori-
zontal plane, the tension of the vertical muscles of
each eye being equal, and the visual lines lying in
the same plane.

isopia (i-so'-pe-ah) [laos, equal; cty-, eye]. Equal
acuteness of vision in the two eyes.

isopilocarpine (i-so-pi-lo-kar'-pin). An alkaloid
from jaborandi isomeric with pilocarpine and similar
to it in physiological effect, but weaker.

isopleural (i-so-ploo'-ralj [laos, equal; irXevpa, a
rib]. Bilaterally symmetrical.

isopral (i'-so-pral). Trichlorisopropyl alcohol. A
hypnotic substance with odor of camphor.

isoprecipitin (i-so-pre-sip'-it-iri). A precipitin
which is only active against the serum of animals of
the same species as that from which it is derived.

isopters (i-sop'-terz) [iso-; birr-hp, observer]. The
curves of relative visual acuity of the retina, at differ-
ent distances from the macula, for form and for color.

isoscope (i'-so-skop) [taos, equal; o-noireiv, to see].
An instrument consisting of two sets of parallel
vertical wires, one of which can be superimposed on
the other; it is designed to show that the vertical
lines of separation of the retina do not correspond
exactly to the vertical meridians.

isostemonous (i-so-stem'-o-nus) [laos, equal; arri-
fiov, a stamen]. In biology, having the stamens of
the same number as the parts of the calyx or corolla.

isotherapeutics (i-so-ther-ap-u'-tiks). Same as
isopathotherapy.

isothermal (i-so-ther'-mal) [iso-; depfiv, heat].
Of equal or uniform temperature, i. lines, lines
drawn through places having the same average
temperature for a given period of time.

isotonia (i-so-to'-ne-ah) [laos, equal; tovos, tension].
Equality of tension.

isotonic (i-so-ton'-ik) [iso-; tovos, tension]. 1.
Having uniform tension or tonicity. 2. Applied
to a solution of equal density, as the blood or some
other fluid taken as a standard, i. muscle, a muscle
that contracts on stimulation, its tension remaining
the same. i. salt solution, one having the same
osmotic tension as the blood-serum ; a 0.9 % or "physi-
ological salt solution."

isotonicity (is-o-ton-is'-it-e). 1. Same as isotonia.
2. Equality of osmotic pressure in different fluids.

isotoxin (i-so-toks' -in) [iso-; to£lk6v, poison].
A toxin elaborated in the blood of an animal and toxic
for animals of the same species.

isotropic, isotropous (i-so-trop'-ik, i-sot' -ro-pus)
[see isotropy]. 1. Having the same shape and appear-
ance, from whatever point observed. 2. Being
singly and uniformly refractive.

isotropy (i-sot' -ro-pe) [iso-; rpoirrj, turning]. 1. The
condition of having equal or uniform properties
throughout. 2. In embryology, Pfliiger's term for
absence of predetermined axes.

Issaeff's period of resistance. A temporary power
of resistance to inoculation by virulent cultures of
bacteria, conferred by the injection of various
substances, such as salt solution, urine, serum, etc.

ISSUE

479

IZAL

issue (ish'-u) [Ft., issue, from exire, to go out].
I. An ulcer or fistulous passage made and kept up
artificially for purposes of counter-irritation. 2. Off-
spring. 3. A discharge or flux. i. pea, a pea-shaped
foreign body, as of ivy-wood or orris-root, inserted
into an issue to keep up suppuration.

istarin (is' -tar-in). A nitrogenous, phosphorized
substance of complex structure occurring in brain-
tissue.

isthmian, isthmic (is'-me-an, is'-mik) [ladnos, a
narrow passage]. Pertaining to any isthmus, as that
of the fauces.

isthmitis (is-mi'-tis) [latinos, a narrow passage;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the fauces.

isthmo- (is' -mo-) [iV0/i6s, a neck]. A prefix
signifying the fauces.

isthmocatarrhus (is-mo-kat-ar'-us). A catarrh of
the faucial isthmus.

isthmocholosis (is-mo-kol-o'-sis) [isthmus; xoK-h,
bile]. Angina accompanied with bilious disorder.

isthmodynia (is-mo-din'-e-ah) [isthmo-; odvvij,
pain]. Pain in the faucial isthmus.

isthmoid (is' -moid) [latinos, a neck; eldos, like-
ness]. Resembling an isthmus.

isthmopathy (is-mop'-ath-e). A disease of the
faucial isthmus.

isthmoplegia (is-mo-ple'-je-ah). Paralysis of the
faucial tract.

isthmopolypus (is-mo-pol'-ip-us). A polyp of the
fauces.

isthmopyra (is-mo-pi'-rah) [isthmus; irvp, fire].
Inflammation of the mucosa of the fauces.

isthmorrhagia (is-mor-a'-je-ah). Hemorrhage from
the throat.

isthmospasm (is'-mo-spazm). Spasm of the isth-
mus of the fauces.

isthmus (is'-mus). The neck or constricted part
of an organ. The part of the brain which, situated
axially, serves to unite the forebrain, the cerebellum,
and the spinal cord. i. cerebri, the midbrain, i.,
gyral, a narrow gyrus connecting two adjoining gyri;
an annectant convolution or pli de passage, i. of
fauces, the space between the arches of the palate.
i. rhombencephali, the constriction between the
third primary brain-vesicle and the midbrain.
i. of thyroid gland, the narrow transverse part con-
necting the lobes of the thyroid body.

istizin (is'-tiz-in). A laxative preparation said to
be dioxyanthiachinone. Dose 5 grains, dissolved in
water.

isutan (is'-u-tan). A proprietary compound said
to consist of bismuth, resorcin, and tannic acid;
used in diarrhea of children. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.065-
0.2 gm.) every 2 hours. Syn., bismutan.

Italian leprosy. See pellagra. I. rhinoplasty.
See operation, Italian.

Itard's catheter (e'-tar) [Jean Marie Gaspard
Itard, Parisian otologist, 1 774-1 838]. A Eustachian
catheter.

itch (ich) [AS., giccan, to itch]. 1. An irritating
sensation in the skin. 2. A name for various skin
diseases accompanied by itching, particularly scabies.
i., barber's. See sycosis parasitaria. L, coolie, a
superficial vesicular dermatitis confined entirely to
the lower extremities, caused by the larva? of JJnci-
naria duodenalis. It is endemic in Assam and other
tropical regions among the laborers in tea-gardens
and in damp soil, i., Cuban, a disease supposed to
be a mild form of smallpox introduced by soldiers
returning from the Cuban war. i., dhobie, a form
of ringworm locating itself under the arms and
between the legs when the skin is moist; very trouble-
some to soldiers in the tropics. Syn., Manila itch.
i., frost, pruritus hiemalis. i.-mite. See Acarus
scabiei.

itching (ich'-ing). An irritable tickling of the
skin; pruritus.

itchol (itch' -61). A proprietary ointment said to
consist of lanolin, vaselin, iodoform, glycerin, phenol
and oils of eucalyptus and lavender.

-ite (-it). 1. A suffix employed in mineralogy to
denote a mineral or of mineral origin. 2. A suffix
employed in chemistry for the salt of an acid that
has the suffix -ous.

iter (i'-ter) [L.]. A passageway, i. ad infundi-
bulum, the passage between the third ventricle of
the brain and the infundibulum. i. a tertio ad quar-
tum ventriculum, the aqueduct of Sylvius, extending
from the third ventricle to the fourth, i. chordae
anterius, the aperture through which the chorda
tympani nerve leaves the tympanum, i. chordae pos-
terius, the aperture through which the chorda tym-
pani nerve enters the tympanum, i. dentium, the
canal of the permanent dental sac opening behind
the corresponding temporary tooth and through which
the permanent tooth rises, i. femineum, the peri-
neum, i. seminarium, the vas deferens, i. urinae,
i. urinarium, the urinary passages.

iteral (i'-ter -al) [iter]. Relating to an iter or
passage, particularly the Sylvian aqueduct.

ithycyphes, ithycyphos (ith-e-si'-fez, -fos) [Wvkv<j>tis,
curved directly outward]. Having a backward
angular projection of the spinal column.

itinerarium (i-tin-er-a'-re-um) [iter]. A lithotomy
staff.

-itis (-i-tis) [ins, inflammation]. A suffix now used
to denote inflammation; originally it had no such
limited meaning, but was applied to any morbid
condition.

itrol (it'-rol). Silver citrate. See under silver.

itrosyl (it'-ro-sil). Concentrated nitrous ether.

IU. Abbreviation for immunizing unit.

ivaine (i'-va-en) [iva, Latin name of Achillea
moschata], C21H12O5. An alkaloid obtained from
Achillea moschata.

iva-oil (i'-vah-oil). A blue-green, volatile oil, of
strong penetrating smell and taste of peppermint,
obtained from iva, Achillea moschata. Its principal
constituent is ivaol.

ivaol (i'-vah-ol), C10H20O. A pale yellow oily liquid
of bitter taste and pleasant smell, the principal con-
stituent of iva-oil (q. v.).

ivory (i'-vor-e) [eboreus, made of ivory, from ebur,
ivory]. The hard, bone-like substance chiefly ob-
tained from the tusks of elephants, i.-black, animal
charcoal, i., decalcified, ivory treated with acid and
deprived of inorganic constituents, i., dental, dentin.

ivy (i'-ve). An evergreen (Hedera helix), not used
in medicine, i.-pea, an issue-pea made of the wood
of the ivy. i., poison. See rhus.

Iwanoff's edema of the retina. Cystoid degenera-
tion of the retina.

Ixodes (iks-o'-dez) [i£6s, bird-lime; eldos, form].
A genus of the order Acarida, including most of the
parasitic ticks.

ixodiasis (iks-o-di'-as-is). Lesions and symptoms
due to the presence of ticks of the genus Ixodes;
tick fever.

ixodic (iks-od'-ik) [see Ixodes]. Due to or derived
from ticks.

ixodin (iks'-od-in) [see ixodes], A ferment found
in an extract of wood-ticks, obtained by means of a
physiological salt solution. This substance injected
intravenously in large quantities reduces blood-
pressure and arrests cardiac action.

ixyomyelitis (iks-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [l£vs, waist; nvtkbs,
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
lumbar portion of the spinal cord.

izal (i'-zal). Trade name of a proprietary dis-
infectant obtained in the process of coke-formation.

J

j. As a Roman numeral it is used as the equiva-
lent of i for one, or at the end of a number, as j, ij,
iij, vj, vij, etc.

J. Symbol of Joule's equivalent.

jabber (jab'-er) [ME., jaber, to chatter]. To talk
rapidly and indistinctly ; to chatter.

jaborandi (Jab-or-an'-de). See pilocarpus.

jaborandine (Jab-o-ran'-den). Synonym of pilo-
carpine.

jaboridine (jab-or' '-id-en), C10H12N2O3. An alkaloid
derived from jaborandi.

jaborine (jab'-or-en), C22H32N4O4. An alkaloid
from jaborandi, a white amorphous powder with
properties like those of atropine.

Jaboulay's button (zjab-oo-la') [Mathieu Jaboulay,
French surgeon, 1860-1913]. An arrangement of
two cylinders which fit together and are used in
lateral intestinal anastomosis. J.'s operation, exo-
thyropexy.

Jacaranda (jak-ar-an'-dah). A genus of bignoni-
aceous plants of tropical America, several species of
which are employed in syphilis in Brazil. J. caroba
is antisyphilitic and is of service in the treatment of
urethritis, rheumatism, and skin diseases. Dose of
the fluidextract 16 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). J. lanci-
foliata is used by the natives of Brazil in urethritis.
Dose of a 1:8 tincture 15 min. (1 Cc); of the
fluidextract 16-30 min. (1-2 Cc). J. procera is
indigenous to South America, and furnishes Caraiba
bark, used in diarrhea and dysentery. The leaves
are tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic, and used in
gonorrhea, gout, etc.

Jaccoud's dissociated fever (zjak-kooz') [Sigis-
mond Jaccoud, French physician, 1830- ]. Fever
with irregularity and slowness of the pulse in tubercu-
lous meningitis of adults. J.'s sign. 1. A lateral
displacement and rolling movement of a portion of
the thoracic wall in adherent pericardium, especially
when this is associated with extrapericardiac ad-
hesions. 2. Prominence of the aorta in the region
of the suprasternal notch in cases of aortic dilation.

jack (jak). A popular term for horse-flesh salted
and subsequently washed in order to deprive it of
its peculiar taste, j.-knife posture, the patient
reclines on his back with shoulders elevated, legs flexed
onthighs, and thighs at right angles to abdomen.

jacket (jak'-et) [Fr., jacque, a coat of mail]. A
short coat, j., bark, a jacket stuffed with powdered
cinchona, j., cotton, a jacket lined with cotton,
sometimes used in the treatment of pneumonia.
j., plaster-of-Paris, a mould of plaster-of-Paris cast
upon body or part, for keeping it rigid and fixed in
a desired position in sprain or dislocation of the
spine, etc. j.-poultice, a poultice placed between two
folds of gauze or other material and applied about the
whole surface of the thorax; it is sometimes used in
the treatment of pneumonia, j., Sayre's, a plaster
of Paris jacket used to support the spinal column.
j., strait, a system of leather straps used to bind
violently insane persons in order to prevent self-
inflicted injury, j., Willock's respiratory, a jacket
used in pulmonary emphysema. *

Jackson's membrane or veil (jak'-sun) [Jabez
North Jackson, American surgeon, 1868- ]. A
thin membrane extending from the parietal peri-
toneum of the right side across the front of the
ascending colon to the inner side and continuous
above with the transverse mesocolon.

Jackson's pectoral syrup [Samuel Jackson, of
Philadelphia]. A cough medicine containing mor-
phine hydrochloride, oil of sassafras, and syrup of
acacia; one fluidrachm contains & grain of morphine
hydrochloride. Dose 1 fluidrachm (4 cc).

Jackson's syndrome (jak'-sun) [John Hughlings
Jackson, English physician, 1834-1911]. Associated
paralysis of the soft palate and larynx, accompanied
by paralysis of the trapezius, the sternomastoid, and
one-half of the tongue.

Jacksonian (jak-so'-ne-an). Described by John
Hughlings Jackson, English physician, 1834-1911.
J. epilepsy, focal, cortical, or symptomatic epilepsy;
a spasm limited to a single group of muscles in the
face, arm, or leg, due generally to irritative lesion of
the motor area of the brain; the spasm may also in-
volve other groups of muscles; consciousness is usually
retained; there is danger of the convulsions becoming
general.

Jacob's cataract needle (ja'-kub) [Arthur Jacob,
Irish ophthalmologist, 1 790-1 874]. A needle with a
slightly curved point, used in treating cataract.
J.'s membrane, the layer of rods and cones of the
retina. J.'s operation, for trichiasis; scalping of
the edge of the lid, including the cilia and the hair-
bulbs. J.'s ulcer, same as rodent ulcer. J.'s
wound, chancroidal ulcer.

Jacobson's anastomosis [Ludwig Levin Jacobson,
Danish anatomist, 1783-1843]. The tympanic
plexus. J.'s canal, the tympanic canal that opens
on the lower surface of the petrous portion of the
temporal bone and transmits Jacobson's nerve. J.'s
cartilage, a strip of hyaline cartilage extending from
the nasal spine upward and backward between the
nasal septum and vomer; it is well developed in
certain animals, but rudimentary in man. J.'s
nerve, the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal
nerve. J.'s organ, a short, rudimentary canal,
extending along the septum of Stenson's duct, and
ending in a culdesac J.'s plexus, the tympanic
plexus. J.'s retinitis, diffuse syphilitic retinitis.
J.'s sulcus, the vertical sulcus for the tympanic
nerve on the promontory of the tympanum.

Jacquart's angle (zjak-ar'). The facial angle; that
angle between the line joining the subnasal point
and the glabella, and the line joining the subnasal
and auricular points.

Jacquemier's sign (zjak-me-a') [Jean Marie
Jacquemier, French obstetrician, 1 806-1 879]. Blue
coloration of the vaginal mucosa appearing about
the twelfth week of pregnancy.

Jacquemin's test for phenol (zjak-man). Add to
the solution an equal amount of anilin and then a
solution of sodium hypochlorite; a blue color is pro-
duced.

jactitation (jak-tit-a'-shun) [jactitare, to pour
forth]. A tossing about, great restlessness, a con-
dition at times present in grave diseases, j., peri-
odic, chorea.

jaculiferous (jak-u-lif'-ur-us) [jaculum, a dart;
ferre, to bear]. Prickly, bearing spines.

Jadassohn's disease (yah' -das-son) [Josef Jadas-
sohn, Swiss dermatologist, 1863- ]• A maculo-
papular erythema.

jadelot's lines, J.'s furrows (zjad'-lo) [Jean Fran-
cois Nicolas Jadelot, French physician, -1830].
Certain furrows of the face observed in conditions of
disease. Three sets are distinguished: The genal
and nasal furrows are said to indicate disease of the
gastrointestinal tract or abdominal viscera; the
former runs from the mouth toward the malar bone,
the latter from the nasal alae in a semicircle about
the mouth; the labial furrow, from the angle of the
mouth outward to the lower part of the face, indi-
cates disease of the lungs; the oculozygomatic furrow,
beginning at the inner canthus of the eye, and passing
outward below the lower lid, to be lost on the cheek;
it is said to point to disorders of the nervous system.

Jaeger's test types (ya'-ger) [Edward Jaeger von
Jastthal, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1818-1884].
A series of types of varying size, for testing the power
of vision.

Jaffe's reaction for creatinin (yaf-fay') [Max Jaffi,
German physician, 1841- ]. Add to the solution
a solution of picric acid and a few drops of sodium
hydroxide solution, and warm. The presence of
creatinin is evinced by a red coloration, which changes
to yellow if acid is added. Acetone and glucose give

JAIL-FEVER

481

JAUNDICE

a similar reaction. J.'s sign, the flow of pus from a
tube inserted into a subdiaphragmatic abscess is more
abundant during inspiration than during expiration;
if the collection is thoracic, the inverse holds true.
Paralysis of the diaphragm prevents the manifesta-
tion of this sign. J.'s test for indican, add to the
suspected liquid an equal amount of concentrated
hydrochloric acid to which has been added a few
drops of sodium hypochlorite. A blue color denotes
the presence of indican.

jail-fever. Typhus fever.

(von) Jaksch's disease (yaksh) [Rudolf von Jaksch,
Austrian physician, 1855- ]. Infantile pseudo-
leukemia, v. J.'s test for free hydrochloric acid in
gastric juice, saturate filter-paper with a solution
of benzopurpurin 6 B, and dry; this gives, with
dilute solutions of HC1, a beautiful violet color.
If it assumes a dark-blue color, the solution contains
more than 0.4 Gm. of HC1 in 100 Cc. of the solu-
tion, v. J.'s test for glucose in urine, to 6-8 Cc.
of urine add 2 parts of phenylhydrazin hydrochlorate
and 3 parts of sodium acetate; warm, place the tube
in boiling water for from 20 to 30 minutes, then in
cold water. The presence of glucose is shown
by a precipitate consisting of groups of yellow needles
of phenylglucosazone. In doubtful cases determine
the melting-point of these crystals to be 204°-20S°
C. v. J.'s test for melanin, treat the liquid to be
tested with a few drops of a concentrated solution of
ferric chloride. If melanin is present, it will turn gray,
and more ferric chloride being added, the precipitate,
consisting of the coloring-matter and the phosphates,
is redissolved. v. J.'s test for uric acid, allow
the powder to heat gently on a watch-glass with a
drop or two of chlorine or bromine water. A red
residue is formed which, when cold, turns a purple
red when ammonia is added.

jalap, jalapa (jal'-ap, -a) [from Xalapa, a city
of Mexico]. The tuberous root of Exogonium purga,
a plant of the natural order Convolvulacece. Its active
principle is a resin which contains a glucoside, con-
volvulin, C31H50O16. Jalap is an active hydragogue
cathartic, and is used to remove dropsical effusions
by the bowel. Combined with calomel it is a favor-
ite remedy in bilious fever. Dose of powdered jalap
5-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). j., compound powder of (pulvis
jalapa compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 10 gr.-i dr.
(0.65-4.0 Gm.). j., resin of (resina jalapa, U. S. P.)
Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.).

jalapin {jal'-ap-in) [jalap]. 1. A purgative gluco-
side, from various kinds of jalap. 2. C34H56O16. The
precipitate from a tincture of jalap; dose 3 gr.

jalapinol (jal-ap'-in-ol). A crystalline decomposi-
tion product of jalapin.

jalon (jal'-on). A proprietary liquid preparation
of colloidal silver for internal administration, in
gastric and intestinal disorders.

Jamaica dogwood. See Piscidia erythrina.

jamaicin (jam-a'-is-in). A bitter cathartic sub-
stance from the bark of the cabbage-tree, Andira
inermis, identical with berberin.

jambul (jam'-bul) [E. Ind., jambu]. The dried
and powdered fruit-stones of Syzygium jambolanum,
a shrub of the order Myrtaceoe, growing in Western
India. It is a valuable astringent in the diarrheas
of children, and has also been found to lessen the
amount of sugar and urine excreted in diabetes.
Dose gr. ij-x; of the fluid extract of the seeds, np v-x.
Unof.

James' pill [Robert James, English physician, 1705-
1776]. A pill containing equal parts of James'
powder, ammoniac, and pill of aloes and myrrh.
J.'s powder. See antimony, powder of.

Jamestown weed. See Stramonium.

Jamieson's salve. Lanolin, 3 parts; oil of sweet
almond, \ part; distilled water, § part. A base for
eye-ointments.

Janet's method (zjan-a'). The treatment of
gonorrhea by irrigation with potassium permanga-
nate.

Janeway's pill [Edward Gamaliel Janeway,
American physician, 1841-1911]. A pill of aloes,
podophyllum, belladonna and nux vomica.

Janeway's sphygmomanometer [Theodore C. Jane-
way, American physician, 1872- ]. An apparatus
for determining the blood pressure.

janiceps (jan'-is-eps) [Janus, a two-faced divinity;
caput, head]. A syncephalic monstrosity with two
faces, j. asymmetrus, a j. with the two faces un-
equally developed.
17

janitor (jan'-it-or) [L., doorkeeper]. The pylorus.

janitrix (jan'-i-trix) [L., fem. of janitor]. The
portal vein.

Janosik's embryo (yahn'-o-sik). A human embryo
described by Janosik as having two gill-pouches and
three aortic arches.

Jansen's operation (yahn'-sen) [Albert Jansen,
German otologist]. It consists of curettage of the
frontal sinus after removing the lower wall and the
lower part of the anterior wall of that sinus.

janus (Ja'-nus). See janiceps.

japaconine (jap-ak'-on-en), C26H41NO10. A de-
composition-product of japaconitine.

japaconitine (jap-ak-on' -it-en), C66H88N2O21. The
most poisonous of the known aconite alkaloids. It is
obtained from Aconitum japonicum. On saponi-
fication it splits up into benzoic acid and japaconine.

Japanese (jap-an-ez') [Japan, an island on the
east coast of Asia]. Pertaining to Japan or its
inhabitants. J. fanning. See J. method of resusci-
tation. J. hot-box, a device for applying dry-heat
to a part, as the eyes. J. method of resuscitation,
it consists in drawing forward the tongue and making
rapid passes with paper fans soaked in water and
aqua ammonia?. The object is to get as much of
the vapor of ammonia into the lungs as possible.
This method is also called Japanese fanning. J.
river fever. See kedani disease.

jar. A small earthen or glass vessel without handle
or spout, j., Leyden, an electric condenser consisting
of a glass jar lined, externally and internally, in its
lower two-thirds with tin.

jardon (jar' -don). A tumor or exostosis on the
outer and lower part of the leg of a horse, below the
bending of the ham.

jargon (jar'-gon). Confused, unintelligible talk,
gibberish, babble, characteristic of some forms of
idiocy and insanity, j. aphasia, j. paraphasia. See
aphasia, gibberish.

jargonize (jar' -gon-iz) . To utter unintelligible
sounds.

Jarisch's ointment (yah'-rish) [O. Jarisch, Austrian
physician, 1850- ]. An ointment containing
pyrogallic acid, one dram, and lard, one ounce. J.'s
reaction. See Herxheimer's reaction.

Jarjavay's muscle (zjar-zjav-a') [Jean Francois
Jarjavay, French physician, 1815-1868]. The de-
pressor urethra?, a fasciculus of the constrictor
urethrae that passes transversely over the urethra
and joins the fibers of the constrictor vagina?.

Jarvis's adjuster (jar' -vis). An appliance formerly
used for reducing dislocations.

Jarvis's snare (jar'-vis) [William Chapman
Jarivs, New York physician, 1855-1895]. A snare
used for removing polypoid growths in the nose and
throat. _

jasmine (jas'-min). See gelsemium.

jaswa (jas'-weh) [Siberian]. Local name of
anthrax.

Jatropha (jat'-ro-fah) [larpos, a physician; rpo<f>ri,
nourishment]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants.
J. curcas is the source of purging-nuts. J. gossy-
pifolia, the tua-tua plant, indigenous to South
America, West Indies, and Africa, has purgative
leaves used in colic and bilious affections. It is highly
extolled in Venezuela as a cure for leprosy. J.
manihot yields tapioca.

jaundice (jawn'-dis) [Fr., jaunisse, from jaune,
yellow]. A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous
membranes, and secretions, due to the presence of
bile-pigments in the blood. See icterus, j., acathec-
tic, j., akathektic, a name given by Liebermeister to
the majority of cases usually classified as hema-
togenous icterus, but which he holds to be due to a
disturbed activity of the liver-cells, which, in conse-
quence of injury, lose their ability to secrete bile in
the direction of the bile-ducts, a consequence of
which is the diffusion of the bile into the blood-vessels
and lymph-vessels of the liver. Syn., diffusion
icterus; functional jaundice, j., acute febrile. See
Weil's disease, j., acute infective. See Weil's
disease, j., black, an extreme degree of jaundice.
j., black of the Tyrol, an endemic disease, due,
according to Melinkow-Raswedenkow, to Echino-
coccus alveolaris. He proposes the name alveolar
echinococcus disease, j., Budd's. Rokitansky's dis-
ease, j., catarrhal, that due to swelling of the
bile-ducts from catarrh, j., functional. See j.,
acathectic. j., green, that in which the discoloration
of the skin is green or olive-colored. Syn., icterus

JAVAL'S OPHTHALMOMETER

482

JEQUIRITOL

viridis. j., hematogenous, that form due to excessive
destruction of blood-corpuscles, j., hepatogenous,
that due to obstruction to the flow of bile from the
liver. By some all forms of jaundice are considered
hepatogenous, since bile is made only in the liver.
j., lead, the earthy yellow hue of the skin in saturnine
cachexia, j., malignant, acute yellow atrophy of the
liver. See icterus gravis, j., Murphy's law of,
jaundice due to gall-stones is always preceded by
colic; jaundice due to malignant disease, or catarrh
of the ducts accompanied by infection, is never
preceded by colic, j. of the new-born. See icterus
neonatorum, j., obstructive, that due to permanent
obstruction of the common bile-duct. It is per-
sistent and deep, and accompanied by irritability,
depression, and later coma, delirium or convulsions,
a slow pulse, and subcutaneous hemorrhages, j.,
paradoxic, Addison's disease, j., red, a non-febrile
diffused redness of the skin, j., retention. See j.,
obstructive, j., saturnine, jaundice occurring in
lead-poisoning, j., vernal, mild catarrhal jaundice
occurring oftenest in spring and fall because of the
atmospheric changes, j., white. Synonym of chlo-
rosis.

Javal's ophthalmometer (zjav-aV) [Louis Emile
Javal, French ophthalmologist, 1839-1907]. See
ophthalmometer. J.'s orthoptic treatment, exercises
with prisms, for use in strabismus.

Javelle water (zjav-el') [Javelle, a town in France].

1. A solution of potassium or sodium hypochlorite.

2. Liquor potass^ chlorinate (N. F.),.

jaw [ME.]. 1. Either of the two parts of the
face (upper or lower jaw) serving the purpose of
seizing or masticating the food. 2. Also the bone
(jaw-bone or jaw) that forms the framework of the
jaw. j., big, actinomycosis of cattle, j., bone, a
maxilla, especially the superior maxilla, the inferior
being called the mandible, j., disease, a term for
phosphorus-necrosis, j.-fall, dislocation of lower jaw.
j.-jerk, j.-clonus, a reflex contraction of the muscles
of mastication produced by suddenly depressing the
lower jaw. See under reflex, j. lever, an instrument
used for opening the mouth of, and administering
medicine to cattle, j., lock-, j., locked. See lock-
jaw, j., lumpy, actinomycosis of cattle, j., phossy,
necrosis of the jaw produced in those who work in
phosporus, as in match factories. Syn., phossy
mouth, j., pier, the os quadratum or hinge segment
of the reptilian mandible; it becomes the incus or
anvil bone of mammals, j., pig, abnormal promi-
nence of the upper jaw and enlargement of the teeth
in the horse, j., tooth, a molar tooth, j., wolf, cleft
palate.

Jaworski's corpuscles (yah-vor'-ske) [Valery Jawor-
ski, Polish physician, 1849- ]. Spiral bodies of
mucus found in the gastric secretion in cases of pro-
nounced hyperchlorhydria. J.'s sign. Seen in
"paradoxical dilatation" of the stomach and in hour-
glass stomach, in which, though splashing may be
elicited, no fluid can be recovered by the stomach
tube.

jecoral (jek'-or-al), jecorary (jek'-or-a-re), jecorose
(jek'-or-os) [L. jecur, jecoris, liver]. Hepatic, relat-
ing to the liver.

jecorin (jek'-or-in) [jecur]. 1. Q05H186N5SP3. A
body found in liver-substance; it resembles lecithin,
but reduces Fehling's solution. It occurs also in
the spleen, muscle, brain, etc. 2. A proprietary
substitute for cod-liver oil.

jecorol (jek'-or-ol). A proprietary preparation
said to consist of the active constituents of cod-liver
oil, and offered as a substitute for it.

jecur (je'-ker) [L.]. The liver.

Jeffersonia (jef-er-so'-ne-ah) [Thomas Jefferson,
American statesman, 1743-1826]. A genus of ber-
beridaceous plants. J., diphylla, a N. American
plant, useful in rheumatism, and a good substitute
for senega. It is tonic and in large doses expectorant;
it is also called rheumatism-root and twin-leaf.

jejunal (jej-oo'-nal) [jejunum]. Pertaining to the
jejunum.

jejunectomy (jej-oo-nek'-to-me) [jejunum; iKToy.i),
excision]. Excision of part or all of the jejunum.

jejunitas (jej-oo'-nit-as) [L.]. Fasting.

jejunitis (jej-oo-ni'-tis) [jejunum; wis, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the jejunum.

je junocolostomy (jej-oo-no-ko-los'-to-me) [jejunum ;
ko\ov, colon; arSfia, mouth]. The formation of an
artificial passage between the jejunum and the colon.

jejunoileitis (Jej-oo-no-il-e-i'-tis) [jejunum; ileum;

ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the jejunum
and the ileum.

jejunoileostomy (jej-oo-no-il-e-os'-to-me) [jejunum;
ileum; arofia, mouth]. The formation of an arti-
ficial communication between the jejunum and the
ileum.

jejunoileum - (jej-oo-no-iV -e-um) [jejunum; ileum].
That part of the small intestine extending from the
duodenum to the cecum.

jejunostomy (jej-oo-nos'-to-me) [jejunum; arona,
mouth]. The making of an artificial opening through
the abdominal wall into the jejunum.

jejunotomy (jej-oo-not'-o-me) [jejunum; rkfiveiv, to
cut]. Incision into the jejunum.

jejunotyphoid (jej-oo-no-ti'-foid) [jejunum; typhoid].
Typhoid fever with involvement of the jejunum or
its glands.

jejunum (jej-oo'-num) [jejunus, empty, because
usually found empty after death]. The second
division of the small intestine extending between the
duodenum and the ileum, and measuring about 8
feet (2.2 meters) in length.

jell (J el) [gelare, to freeze]. The precipitation 'of
colloidal solutions.

Jellinek's sign (yel'-en-ek) [Samuel Jellinek, Austri-
an physician]. The brownish pigmentation of the
eyelids often found in cases of hyperthyroidism.

jelloid (jel'-oid). A form of pill coated with
jujube mass.

jelly {jel'-e) [gelare, to freeze]. A soft, gelatinous,
tremulous substance, j., bacterial, the gelatinous
matrix which causes certain bacteria to adhere to
one another in masses or pellicles. See zooglea.
j., coefficient, a 2 per cent, agar solution, containing
citric acid, sodium citrate, and sodium chloride, used
in the in vitro method of studying induced cell-pro-
duction, j.-glycerin, a mixture of glycerin, jelly,
and zinc oxide, j., kinetic, coefficient jelly to which
a dye, sodium bicarbonate, and atropine sulphate
have been added to excite ameboid movement in
leukocytes, j.-leaf, the mucilaginous leaf of Sida
rhombifolia, used in making poultices, j. method of
in vitro staining, the use of an agar solution contain-
ing a dye and other ingredients, spread on a glass
slide, in studying living cells under the microscope,
j., mineral or j., petroleum, vaseline, j., oat-, a
dietetic preparation used in infant-feeding. It is
prepared by soaking 4 ounces of coarse oatmeal in a
quart of cold water for 12 hours. The mixture is
then boiled down to 1 pint and allowed to cool,
j., Wharton's. See Wharton's jelly.

Jendrassik's maneuver (yen-dras'-sik) [Ernst
Jendrassik, Hungarian physician, 1858- ]. Inter-
locking of the fingers and forcible drawing apart of
the hands, to facilitate the production of the knee-
jerk.

Jenner's stain for blood [Louis Jenner, English
physician]. Preparation of the neutral stain: in an
open beaker mix equal parts of 1.2 or 1.25 % aqueous
solution of eosin (Grubler), 1 % aqueous solu-
tion of methylene-blue (Grubler). Let stand for
24 hours. Filter. Dry the precipitate obtained.
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry
again. The staining solution: For use dissolve 0.5
Gm. of the precipitate in 100 Cc. pure methylalcohol.
Method of staining: Stain in the solution for 1 to 3
minutes, covering with a watch-crystal. Pour off
stain quickly and rinse in water until film is pink
(5 to 10 seconds). Staining reaction: Leukocytes:
nuclei, blue"; granules, neutrophil, red; granules,
basophil, dark violet; granules, eosinophil, brilliant
crimson; malarial parasites, bacteria, and filaria,
blue.

Jennerian (jen-e'-re-an). Pertaining to Edward
Jenner, English physician, 1749-1823, the discoverer
of vaccination against smallpox. J. vaccination,
arm-to-arm vaccination.

jennerization. The process of jennerizing.

jennerize (jen'-er-tz) [Edward Jenner, English
physician, 1749-1823]. To induce immunity against
a disease by repeated inoculation with attenuated
cultures of the pathogenic organism producing the
disease.

Jensen's fissure {yen' -sen). An inconstant fissure
near the end of the fissure of Sylvius; called also the
intermedial fissure.

jequiritin (je-kwir'-it-in). A soluble active principle
obtained from the jequirity seeds.

jequiritol (Je-kwir'-it-ol). An active principle of
jequirity in a sterile solution of glycerin.

JEQUIRITY

483

JUGULOCEPHALIC

jequirity (je-kwir'-it-e). See abrus.

jerk. A sudden, spasmodic movement. See
chin-jerk, elbow-jerk, jaw-jerk, knee-jerk, toe-jerk, etc.
j.-finger, a disease in which the flexion or extension
of a finger is accomplished by a jerk.

jerks. Irregular and spasmodic movements of
features or limbs; they are involuntary.

jervin (jer'-vin). See veratrum.

jessamine (Jes'-am-en). See gelsemium.

Jesuits' balsam. Compound tincture of benzoin.
J.s' bark. Peruvian bark; the bark of several species
of cinchona. J.s' drops, compound tincture of ben-
zoin. J.s' nut, seed of Trapa natans. J.s' powder,
powdered cinchona bark. J.s' tea, an infusion of
leaves of Psoralea glandulosa.

Jez's antityphoid extract. An extract obtained
rom thymus gland, spleen, bone-marrow, brain, and
spinal cord of rabbits immunized by frequent inocu-
lations with cultures of typhoid bacilli; this is tri-
turated in a solution of sodium chloride, alcohol,
glycerol, and a minute quantity of phenol; a more
recent formula contains peptone.

jigger. See Pulex.

Jimson-weed {jim' -son-wed). See Stramonium.

jinked (jinkd). In veterinary practice, sprained
in the back.

Jobert's fossa (zjo-bair') [Antoine Joseph Jobert de
Lamballe, French surgeon, 1 799-1 867]. A hollow
in the popliteal region, formed above, by the adductor
magnus, below, by the sartorius and gracilis. It is
well seen when the knee is bent and the thigh rotated
strongly outward. J.'s suture. See suture.

Joffroy's symptom (zjof-roy) [Alexis Joffroy, French
physician, 1844- ]. 1. Absence of facial contrac-
tion when the patient suddenly turns his eyes upward,
seen in exophthalmic goiter. 2. Rhythmic twitching
of the glutei on pressure upon the gluteal region in
cases of spastic paraplegia and sciatica. Syn.,
Phenomene de la hanche.

joha (yo'-hah). A mixture of salvarsan with
iodipin and sterile wool fat, used for intramuscular
injections in the treatment of syphilis.

johimbine, johimbin (yo-him'-ben). See yohimbine.

Johne's bacillus (yo'-neh) [Albert Johne, German
physician] . The specific bacillus of enteritis chronica
pseudotuberculosa bovis. J.'s disease, enteritis
chronica pseudotuberculosa bovis.

Johnson's test for albumin in urine [Sir George
Johnson, English physician, 1818-1896]. A con-
centrated solution of picric acid is poured upon the
surface of the urine in a test-tube. A ring of white
precipitate occurs at the junction of the two liquids;
this increases on heating. Peptones and albumoses
are precipitated by this reagent, but the precipitate
redissolves on heating.

Johnstoni area. See Celsus' area.

joint. See articulation, j.-bodies. See arthrolith.
j., Brodie's, hysterical arthroneuralgia. j., Charcot's.
See Charcot's disease (2). j.-mice. See arthrolith.
j.-oil, synovial fluid, j.-water, synovial fluid.

Jolles's test for bile pigments in urine (yol'-la)
[Adolf Jolles, Austrian chemist, 1862- ]. Put in a
stopper cylinder 50 c.c. of urine, and add a few drops
of 10 per cent, hydrochloric acid and an excess of a
barium chloride solution with 5 c.c. of chloroform,
and shake for several minutes. Then by means of a
pipet remove the chloroform and the precipitate,
place in a test-tube, and heat on the water-bath to
about 80 C. When the chloroform has evaporated,
carefully decant the liquid from the precipitate and
let three drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, con-
taining one-third fuming nitric acid, flow down the
sides of the test-tube. If bile pigments be present,
the characteristic coloration results.

Jolly's electric reaction [Friedrich Jolly, German
physician, 1844- I« When the contractility of a
muscle is exhausted by the faradic current, it can
still be excited by the influence of the will, and,
inversely, when voluntary movements are impossible,
the muscle can contract itself by faradization. This
phenomenon is observed in certain amyotrophies.

Jones' method of treating fractures of the elbow-
joint [Robert Jones, English surgeon]. It consists in
placing the arm in a position of acute flexion and
retaining it in this position without passive motion
until complete consolidation results.

Jones' solution for the detection of albumin in the
urine [Henry Bence Jones, English physician, 1814-
1873]- Corrosive sublimate, 10 parts; sodium chloride,
10 parts; succinic acid, 20 parts; distilled water, 500

parts. J.'s test for bile-pigments in urine, put in a
stopper cylinder 50 Cc. of urine, and add a few
drops of 10 % hydrochloric acid and an excess of a
barium chloride solution with 5 Cc. chloroform, and
shake for several minutes. Then, by means of a
pipet, remove the chloroform and the precipitate,
place in a test-tube, and heat on the water-bath to
about 8o° C. When the chloroform has evaporated,
decant the liquid from the precipitate carefully and
let three drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, con-
taining one-third fuming nitric acid, flow down the
sides of the test-tube. If bile-pigments are present,
the characteristic coloration results.

Jonnesco's fossa (yon-es'-ko) [Thomas Jonnesco,
Roumanian surgeon, 1861- ]. A fossa in the
angle between the duodenum and jejunum. J.'s
method of anesthesia, the producing of general
anesthesia by injection of a solution of stovaine,
strychnine or other alkaloid into the subarachnoid
space in the dorsal or lumbar region of the spinal
cord. J.'s operation, excision of the sympathetic
ganglion on each side of the neck, for exophthalmic
goiter.

Jorissen's test for formaldehyde in milk. To
several drops of a 10 % aqueous solution of phloro-
glucinol add 10 Cc. of the suspected milk in a test-
tube, shake well, and add a few drops of caustic soda
or caustic potash. In the presence of formaldehyd
a delicate red color appears.

Jorissenne's sign (zjor-is-en') [Gustave Jorissenne,
Belgian physician]. During the early stage of preg-
nancy the change of position of the woman from the
horizontal to the erect does not increase the pulse-rate.

Josseraud's sign. A peculiar loud, metallic
sound, heard over the pulmonic area, and preceding
the friction-sound in acute pericarditis.

Joule (Jool) [James Prescott Joule, English
physicist, 1818-1889]. 1. A unit of electric energy,
equivalent to the work expended when a current of
one ampere flows for one second against a resistance
of one ohm. 2. A small calory — the amount of heat
required to raise the gram of water i° C.

Joule's equivalent. The mechanical equivalent of
heat or the amount of work that, converted into
heat, will raise the temperature of 1 pound of water
i° F. It is equivalent to 772 foot-pounds.

jugal (joo'-gal) [jugum, a yoke]. 1. Connecting or
uniting, as by a yoke. 2. Pertaining to the zygoma.
j. bone, the malar bone. j. point, the point situated
at the angle that the posterior border of the frontal
branch of the malar bone makes with the superior
border of its zygomatic branch, j. process, the
zygomatic process.

jugate (joo'-gat) [jugum, a yoke]. 1. Having
ridges. 2. Coupled together; yoked.

juglandin (Joo-glan'-din) [juglans, a walnut]. A
precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of
butternut, Juglans cinerea.

juglans (Joo'-glanz) [L., "walnut"]. Butternut.
The bark of the root of J. cinerea, of the natural
order J uglandacea. It is a mild cathartic, and has
also been used in intermittent and remittent fever.

jugomaxillary (joo-go-maks'-il-a-re) [jugum; maxilla,
the jaw]. Relating to the jugular vein and the
maxilla, j. muscle, the masseter.

jugular (joo'-gii-lar) [jugulum, the throat]. Pertain-
ing to the throat, j. foramen. See foramen, jugular.
j. fossa, a notch in the posterior border of the petrous
portion of the temporal bone, which, with a similar
notch in the occipital bone, forms the foramen
lacerum posterius. j. ganglion, the superior ganglion
of the glossopharyngeal nerve, j. notch, the de-
pression on the upper surface of the manubrium,
between the two clavicles, j. process, a rough pro-
cess external to the condyle of the occipital bone,
j. veins, the internal jugular vein collects the blood
from the brain, part of the face and neck, and unites
with the subclavian vein to form the vena innomi-
nata; the external jugular vein carries the blood from
the exterior of the cranium and parts of the face and
empties into the subclavian vein.

jugulate (jug'-u-lat) [jugulum]. To check or stop
any process promptly.

jugulation (jug-u-la'-shun) [jugulatio, a killing].
The swift arrest of disease by therapeutic means;
also the arrest of an epidemic by prompt and effec-
tive measures.

jugulocephalic (jug-u-lo-sef-al'-ik) [jugulum, the
throat; Kt<j>a\-q, head]. Pertaining to the throat and
the head.

JUGULUM

484

JUXTAPYLORIC

jugulum (jug'-u-lum) [L.: pi., jugula]. The collar-
bone; also the throat.

jugum (Joo'-gum) [L. pl.,juga], i. A yoke. 2. A
ridge, j. penis, a compressor of the penis, j.
petrosum, an arched elevation on the anterior surface
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone over the
superior semicircular canal.

juice (joos) [jus, broth]. 1. The liquid contained
in vegetable or animal tissues. 2. Any of the secre-
tions of the body, as the intestinal or pancreatic juice.
j. -canals, spaces within the connective tissue form-
ing the origin of the lymphatic vessels, j., cancer, a
milky juice which exudes from cancerous tissue when
cut. j., gastric, j., intestinal, j., pancreatic. See
gastric, etc.

jujube (joo'-joob) [L., jujuba]. The fruit of the
jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. j.-paste, a paste
containing the pulp of jujubes and used in pulmonary
disorders. It is now made of gum-arabic or of gela-
tin, variously flavored.

julep (joo'-lep) [Pers., julab, a sweet drink]. A
sweetened drink containing aromatic alcoholic, or
medicinal substances.

jumentous (joo-men'-tus) [jumentum, a beast of
burden]. Like a beast of burden; horse-like: applied
to the odor of urine.

jumpers (jum'-perz). Persons afflicted with a
peculiar neurosis by reason of which they do what-
ever they are told, and perform sudden leaping or
jumping movements. See lata; palmus.

junction, myoneural. The place where a motor
nerve joins the muscle which it supplies.

junctura (junk-tu' -rah) [L. a joining; pi., junctures].
An articulation; a suture (of bones).

Jungbluth's vessels (yoong'-bloot) [Hermann Jung-
bluth, German physician]. Nutrient vessels lying
immediately beneath the amnion and disappearing
usually at an early period of embryonic life.

jungle fever. A severe remittent fever of India.

juniper, juniperus (ju'-nip-er,ju-nip'-er-us). 1. An
evergreen shrub or tree belonging to the genus
Juniperus. Juniperus sabina yields savin (sabina,
U. S. P.). The tops of J. virginiana, red cedar, are
used as a substitute for savin. 2. The fruit or berry
of J. communis, containing a volatile oil and an amor-
phous substance, juniperin. The oil is a stimulant
to the genitourinary mucous membrane and is used
in nephritis, pyelitis, and cystitis, j., fluidextract of
(fiuidextr actum juniperi, N. F.). Dose 60 min.
(4 cc). j., oil of (oleum juniperi, U. S. P., B. P.).
Dose 1-4 min. (0.065-0.26 Cc). j., spirit of (spiritus
juniperi, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4
Cc). j., spirit of, compound (spiritus juniperi
compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc).
j., tar, oil of. See cade, oil of.

junk. A quilted cushion forming a sling in which
to suspend a fractured limb.

junket (junk'-et). "Curds and whey," prepared
by coagulating milk with rennet.

Junod's boot (zjoo'-no) [Victor Theodore Junod,
French physician, 1809-1881]. A boot-shaped case,
usually of stiff leather, made to inclose the leg, so
that, the air being exhausted, the blood rushes to
the inclosed part. It has been employed to relieve
inflammation and congestion of the viscera.

jurisprudence (joo-ris-proo' -dens) [jus, law; pruden-
tia, skill]. The science of the interpretation and

application of the law. j., medical, the application of
medical knowledge to the principles of common law.

jury (joo'-re) [jurare, to swear]. A body of men
legally appointed to determine the guilt or innocence
of a prisoner, or to determine the facts in judicial
inquiries, j.-leg, a wooden leg. j.-of matrons, a
body of twelve matrons, formerly empaneled in

Sayre's Jury-mast.

England to determine if a murderess, for whom such
plea was made, were pregnant, j.-mast, a steel
shaft with curved iron rods attached, sometimes
employed to support the head in disease of the
upper vertebrae; it is mainly used in connection with
Sayre's treatment of spondylitis.
h* jusculum (jus'-ku-lum) [L. a decoction]. A soup,
or broth; gruel or porridge.

justo (jus' -to). Ablative of justum, that which is
right, or normal, j. major, greater than normal,
larger in all dimensions than normal; applied to
a pelvis, j. minor, abnormally small.

Justus' test (jus'-tus) [J, Justus, Austrian dermato-
logist]. Transient reduction of hemoglobin following
the administration of mercury by inunction or
hypodermatic injection in syphilis.

jute (joot) [Beng., jut, matted hair]. The bast-
fiber of several species of the genus Corchorus, grown
chiefly in India and Ceylon. Jute is used as an
absorbent dressing.

juvantia (joo-van'-she-ah) [L., "aiding"]. Adjuvant
remedies or medicines.

juxta-articular (Juks-tah-ar-tik'-u-lar) [juxta, near;
articulus, a joint]. Near a joint.

juxtaposition (juks-tah-po-zish'-un) [juxta; positio,
position]. Situation adjacent to another; in close
relationship the act of placing near; apposition.

juxtapyloric (juks-tah-pi-lor'-ik) [juxta, near; py-
lorus]. Near the pylorus.

K. The chemical symbol for potassium (kalium).

k., ka. Abbreviations of kathode or of kathodic.

Kader's method of gastrotomy (kah'-der) [Bronis-
law Kader, Polish surgeon]. Consists in the pro-
duction of a funnel which projects into the stomach
by suturing two sections on either side of a tube
placed vertically into the stomach. Each pair of
sutures increases the amount of peritoneum about the
tube and further depresses its point of entrance.

Kaes-Bechterew's layer. See Bechterew' s layer.

Kahlbaum's disease (karl'-bowm) [Karl Ludwig
Kahlbaum, German physician, 1828-1899]. Kata-
tonia; a form of insanity progressing to imbecility.

Kahler's disease (kah'-ler) [Otto Kahler, Austrian
physician, 1 840-1 893]. A constitutional affection
characterized by the formation of round-celled neo-
plasms in the skeleton, paroxysms of pain, a tendency
to spontaneous fractures, especially of the ribs,
enlargement of the spleen and lymphatic glands,
and the presence of Bence Jones' bodies in the urine.
K.'s law, the ascending branches of the posterior
spinal nerve-roots, after entering the cord, pass suc-
cessively from the root-zone toward the mesial plane.

Kahler-Singer's law. See Kahler's law.

kaif (kif) [Arab.]. Languor; dreamy enjoyment;
sensuous tranquillity, such as follows the use of
certain drugs (like opium, or hashish).

kainogenesis (ki-no-jen'-e-sis) [kclivos, new, fresh;
yevevis, generation]. A renewal or improvement by
infusion of fresh material.

kainophobe (ki'-no-fob) [kclivos, new; #6/3os, fear].
A person that fears anything new.

kairin (Jki'-rin) [icaipos, the right time], C10H13-
NO . HC1 . H2O. Oxychinolin-ethyl hydrochloride;
antipyretic, diaphoretic, emetic, and has been used
as a substitute for quinine. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-
1.0 Gm.). k., ethyl, kairin a, C9Hio(C2H5)NO . HC1,
recommended as antipyretic in doses of 8-25 gr.
(0.5-16 Gm.).

kairolin (ki'-ro-lin) [kairin], C10H15N. Methyl-
quinolin hydride. An antipyretic resembling kairin,
but less efficient.

kakatrophy. See cacotrophy.

kaki (kak'-e). The fruit of Diospyros kaki, Japa-
nese persimmon; used in vomiting of pregnancy and
in diarrhea.

kakidrosis (kak-id-ro'-sis) [kclkos, bad; LSp&s,
sweat]. Fetid perspiration.

kakke (kak'-ka) [Chinese for "leg disease"]. Epi-
demic and endemic multiple neuritis, or beriberi.

kako- (kak'-o-). See caco-.

kakodyl#(&a&'-o-<2*7). See cacodyl.

kakosmia (kak-oz'-me-ah). See cacosmia.

kakotrophia (kak-ot-ro'-fe-ah). See cacotrophy.

kala-azar. An obscure fatal disease, prevalent
in Assam, due to a protozoan parasite, the Leishman
Donovan body.

kaladana (kal-ad-a'-nah) [origin unknown]. An
East Indian convolvulaceous plant, Ipomoea (Phar-
bitis) nil. Its seeds are a safe and good cathartic.
Dose of the powdered drug, gr. xxx-xl; of the resin,
gr. iv-viij.

kalaf (kal'-af). A medicinal fluid obtained from
leaves of Salix capensis.

kali (ka'-li) [At., qali, potash]. Potash.

kaligenous (kal-ij'-en-us) [kali; generare, to pro-
duce]. Yielding potash.

kaligraph (kal'-ig-raf) [/caXos, beautiful; ypdtpeiv,
to write]. An instrument for the use of those
afflicted with writers' cramp. It is essentially a
pantograph, so arranged that by making the letters
very large at one point, they are reproduced of a
natural size at another.

kalimeter (kal-im'-et-er). See alkalimeter.

kalimetry (kal-im'-et-re). See alkalimetry.

kalium (ka'-le-um). Potassium.

kallak (kal'-ak). A pustular dermatitis occurring
among the Eskimos.

kamala, kamela (kam-a'-lah, -e'-lah) [Hind.,
kamila}. Rottlera. The glands and hairs from the
capsules of Mallotus philippinensis {Rottlera tinctoria),
native to southern Asia and Abyssinia. It is purga-
tive and anthelmintic, and is used for the expulsion
of lumbricoid worms and tape-worms.

kamalin, kamilin. See rottlerin.

kambi (kam'-be) [E. Ind.]. An aromatic gum, like
elemi, from Gardenia lucida, a plant of India.

Kandahar sore (kan'-da-har). See furun cuius
orientalis.

kangaroo. A marsupial mammal of Australia and
the neighboring islands, k. tendon, a tendon
derived from the tail of the kangaroo and used for
surgical ligatures.

kangri-burn (kang'-gre). A squamous epithelioma
frequent on the skin of the abdomen and thighs of
the natives of Kashmir and attributed to the irri-
tation caused by charcoal heaters worn beneath the
clothing in cold weather.

kaolin, kaolinum (ka'-o-lin, ka-o-li'-num) [Chin.,
kaoling, "high ridge"]. Aluminum silicate. The
kaolinum of the U. S. P. is obtained from the decom-
position of feldspar. It is sometimes used as a
protective application in eczema and as a coating for
pills. .Syn., China-clay ; white clay.

kaolinosis (ka-ol-in-o'-sis). A pneumoconiosis
occurring in workers in kaolin.

Kaplan's test Qzap'-lan) [David M. Kaplan, Ameri-
can physician]. For albumin in cerebrospinal fluid:
0.5 cc. of cerebrospinal fluid is boiled in a test tube,
then 2 drops of a 5 per cent, solution of butyric acid
are added, the fluid is then boiled again, and 5 cc. of
supersaturated solution of ammonium sulphate are
underfloated; a cheesy ring in not more than 20
minutes denotes albumin.

Kaposi's disease (ka-po'-se) [Moritz Kohn Kaposi,
Austrian dermatologist, 1837-1902]. See xeroderma
pigmentosum.

Karell cure (kar-el') [Philip Karell, Russian
physician]. In heart disease: Rest in bed, and a
light diet of milk and eggs; the milk is limited to i^
or 2 pints a day, and the treatment is continued for
one week.

karnosin (kar-no'-sin). See carnosin.

karyaster (kar-e-as'-ter) [karyon; &crH)p, a star].
The radiate arrangement of the chromosome during
karyokinesis. Syn., aster.

karyenchyma (kar-e-en'-ke-mah) [karyon; iv, in;
xelv, to pour]. The clear ground-substance occupying
the meshes of the nuclear reticulum. Syn., karyo-
lymph; nuclear sap.

karyo- (kar-e-o-) [karyon]. A prefix signifying
relating to the karyon or cell-nucleus.

karyochromatophil (kar-e-o-kro-mat'-o-fil) [karyo-;
xp«m<i, color; <f>i\elv, to love]. 1. Having a stainable
nucleus. 2. A stainable nucleus.

karyochrome (kar'-e-o-krom) [karyo-; xp&p-a, color].
A nerve-cell the nucleus of which stains best.

karyoclasis (kar-e-ok' -las-is). See karyorrhexis.

karyogamic (kar-e-o-gam'-ik) [karyo-; ydp.os, mar-
riage]. Pertaining to the blending of nuclei, as in
reproduction.

karyogamy (kar-e-og'-am-e) [karyo-; yap.os, mar-
riage]. A conjugation of cells characterized by a
fusion of the nuclei. Cf. plastogamy.

karyokinesis (kar-e-o-kin-e'-sis) [karyo-; niveau,
movement; change]. Indirect cell-division, the
common mode of reproduction of cells. It depends
upon complicated changes in the mitome of the cell-
nucleus that may be divided into the following steps:
1. The nucleus becomes larger; the mitome filaments
thicken and form a close skein, or spirem. 2. The
fibrils become less convoluted and more widely
separated, forming the loose skein; at the same time
the nuclear spindles, two cone-shaped striated bodies,
appear in the achromatin. 3. The mitome fibrils
split longitudinally. 4. The segments migrate

KARYOKINETIC

486

KENESTHESIS

toward the poles of the new nuclei, constituting
daughter- wreaths, or asters. 5. Transformation of
asters into fully developed nuclei. 6. Division of the
cell-protoplasm.

karyokinetic (kar-e-o-kin-et'-ik) [see karyokinesis].
Pertaining to karyokinesis, as karyokinetic figures,
the forms assumed by the mitome in karyokinesis.

karyoklasis (kar-e-ok' -las-is) [karyo-; /cAdcrts,
a breaking]. See karyorrhexis.

karyolymph (kar'-e-o-limf). See karyenchyma.

karyolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is) [karyo-; \veiv, to loose].
The segmentation of the nucleus of the cell.

karyolytic (kar-e-o-lit'-ik) [karyo-; Xvetv, to loose].
Relating to karyolysis.

karyomicrosoma (kar-e-o-mik-ro-so'-mah). See nu-
cleo-microsomata, under nucleoplasm.

karyomite(kar'-e-o-mit). See chromosome.

karyomitoic (kar-e-o-mit-o'-ik) [karyo-; uLtos, a
thread]. Relating to karyomitosis.

karyomitoma (kar-e-o-mit-o'-mah). See cell-body.

karyomitome (kar-e-om'-it-om) [karyo-; fiLros,
thread]. The mitome threads of the nucleus.

karyomitosis (kar-e-o-mit-o'-sis) [see karyomitome],
Karyokinesis.

karyomitotic (kar-e-o-mit-ot'-ik) [see karyomitome].
Relating to karyomitosis.

karyon (kar'-e-on) [k&pvov, nucleus]. The cell-
nucleus.

karyophage (kar'-e-of-aj). See karyophagus.

karyophagus (kar-e-of'-ag-us) [karyo-; <j>ayelv, to
eat; pi., karyophagi], A cytozoon which destroys
the nucleus of the infected cell.

karyoplasm (kar'-e-o-plazm) [karyo-; TrXaaaeiv, to
form]. 1. The nuclear substance of a cell. 2. The
more fluid material in the meshes of the chromoplasm.

karyorrhexis (kar-e-or-ek'-sis) [karyo-; p^ts, rup-
ture]. Fragmentation or splitting up of a nucleus
into a number of chromatin particles which become
scattered in the cytoplasm; it occurs in the cells of
the disappearing follicles of the ovary.

karyosome, karyosoma {kar-e-o-som, kar-e-o-so'-
mah) [karyo-; aw/ia, a body; pi., karyosomata], A
nuclear microsoma; a round body resembling a
nucleolus, contained in the segmentation-nucleus of
the ovum.

karyostasis (kar-e-os'-ta-sis) [karyo-; arhavs, a
stoppage]. The resting-stage of nuclei of cells. It is
opposed to karyokinesis.

karyostatic (kar-e-o-stat'-ik). Pertaining to karyo-
stasis.

karyostenosis (kar-e-o-ste-no'-sis) [karyo-; vrevos,
narrow]. The simple division of the nucleus of a
cell. This process is called also akinetic, or direct
division.

karyota (kar-e-o'-tah) [karyon]. Nucleated cells.

karyotheca (kar-e-o-the'-ka) [karyo-; 017**7, case].
Nuclear membrane.

kasagra (kas-ag'-rah). A proprietary preparation
of cascara sagrada.

kasena (kas'-e-nah). An aromatic preparation of
cascara and senna. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

kasyl (kas'-il). A germicide said to consist of
creosol and green soap.

kata- (kat-ah-). A prefix denoting down or inten-
sive. For words thus beginning see cata-.

katelectrotonus (kat-el-ek-trot'-o-nus). See catelec-
trotonus.

katex (kat'-eks). An abbreviation of kathode
excitation.

katharol (Jtath' '-ar-ol) . A solution of hydrogen
peroxide.

katharophore (kath-ar'-o-for) [ko.6o.p6s, clean;
4>epeiv, to carry]. An instrument for cleansing the
urethra.

kathetometer (kath-et-om'-et-er) [*d0eros, a plumb-
line; p.krpov, measure]. 1. An instrument for
ascertaining the level of fluids. 2. An apparatus for
use in craniometry.

kathion (kath'-e-on). See cation.

kathodal (kath-o'-dal). See cathodal.

kathode (kath'-od) [kata-; 656s, way]. See cathode.

kathodic (kath-od'-ik). See cathodal.

kation (kal'-e-on). See cation.

katochus (kat-o'-kus) [k&toxos, catalepsy]. An
unconscious condition, resembling sleep with* open
eyes, observed in intermittent fever, etc.

kava, kava-kava (kah'-vah) [Hawaiian]. 1. An
intoxicating beverage prepared in the Sandwich
Islands from the root of Piper methysticum. 2. The
root of Piper methysticum, containing a resin, kavin,

and an alkaloid, kavaine. The resin is a motor de-
pressant, locally at first an irritant, later an anes-
thetic; it is also a cardiac stimulant. Kava-root has
been used in gonorrhea, leukorrhea, and incontinence
of urine. Dose of fluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4
Cc).

kavaine (kah'-va-en) [Hawaiian, kava]. An alka-
loid obtained from the roots of kava-kava; also called
methysticine.

kawaine (kah'-wa-en). See kavaine.

Keating-Hart's method (ke' -ting-hart') [Walter
Valentine de Keating- Hart, French physician]. The
treatment of external cancer by fulguration.

kedani disease (ked-an'-e). A disease common in
Japan, due to inoculation with Proteus hauseri by
the bite of a mite called kedani; also called Japanese
river fever. The symptoms resemble those of ab-
dominal typhus.

Keeley cure (ke'-le) [Leslie E. Keeley, American
physician, 1832-1900]. A secret method of treating
drunkenness. Gold was said to be administered (by
the physician).

Keen's sign [William Williams Keen, American
surgeon, 1837- ]. Increased diameter through
the leg at the malleoli in Pott's fracture.

kefir, kefyr (kef'-ir). See kephir.

Keisselbach's spot (ki'-sel-bakh). A point in the
anterior and lower part of the nasal septum, about ?
inch from the nostril; a favorite site for bleeding
from the nose.

keistein, keistin. See kyestein.

Keith's bundle (keth) [Arthur Keith, English
anatomist, 1861- ]. Sinoatrial or sinoauricular
bundle. K.'s node, sinoatrial or sinoauricular node.

kelectome (ke'-lek-tom) [/07X77, a tumor; Ik, out;
re/ivetv, to cut]. A cutting instrument introduced
into a tumor, by means of a canula, in order to
obtain a part of the substance for examination.

kelene (kel'-en). Trade name of ethyl chloride.

kelis (ke'-lis) [kt)\Ls, spot; pi., kelides]. 1. The
same as morphea or scleroderma. 2. See keloid.

Keller's tuberculin test plate {kel'-er). A piece of
adhesive plaster in the middle of which is a small
circle of an ointment-like material supposed to con-
tain tuberculin. Its action is much like that of the
Moro test.

Kelley's sign {kel'-e). Of pleural effusion in
children: a preference for lying upon the back or
propped up high in bed and avoidance of bending
toward or pressing upon the affected side.

kellin (kel'-in). A glucoside from the fruit of
Ammi visnaga. It is said to affect the respiration
and the pulse, and to have a paralyzant effect upon
the lower extremities.

Kelling's test for lactic acid (kel'-ing) [George
Kelling, German physician]. A weak solution of
ferric chloride becomes much deeper in color when
lactic acid is added to it.

Kellock's sign. Increased vibration of the ribs
on sharply percussing them with the right hand, the
left hand being placed flatly and firmly on the lower
part of the thoracic wall, just below the nipple; it is
elicited in pleural effusion.

keloid (ke'-loid) [from ktjXi's, a scar, or K17X17, a claw;
eUos, likeness]. A tumor-like fibrous outgrowth,
usually occurring at the site of a scar. It is elevated,
whitish or pink in color, and sends prolongations into
the surrounding tissues resembling the claws of a
crab. By many it is not considered a true tumor, but
merely a hyperplastic scar. It affects the colored
race more frequently than the white. Syn., Alibert's
keloid ; cheloid ; kelis. k. of Addison, morphea.

keloplasty (kel-o-plas'-te). See chiloplasty.

kelos (ke'-los). Same as keloid.

kelosoma (kel-o-so'-mah). See celosoma.

kelotomy (ke-lot'-o-me). Herniotomy.

kelp [origin obscure]. 1. Burnt sea-weed, from
which iodine is obtained. 2. The Fucacea laminar ia
and other large sea-weeds.

kelpion {kelp' -e-on) [kelp, sea-weed yielding
iodine]. An ointment containing iodine, which is
volatilized when the ointment is warmed.

kelvin (kel'-vin) [William Thompson, Lord Kelvin,
British physicist, 1824- ]. A commercial unit
of electricity; one thousand watt-hours.

Kendall's fever. Yellow fever.

kenencephalocele {ken-en-sef -al-o-sel) . See cenen-
cephalocele.

kenesthesia (ken-es-the'-ze-ah). See cenesthesia.

kenesthesis (ken-es-the'-sis). See cenesthesis.

KENNEDY'S SIGN

487

KERATOLEUKOMA

Kennedy's sign of pregnancy (ken'-ed-e). The
umbilical or funic souffle.

kenogenesis (ken-o-jen'-e-sis). Vitiated individual
development in which the phylogenetic development
is not truly epitomized.

kenophobia (ken-o-fo'-be-ah) [icevos, empty; <£6/3os,
fear]. A fear of large empty spaces.

kenosis (ken-o'-sis) [tcevucns, a draining]. i. An
evacuation. 2. Inanition.

kenotic (ken-ot'-ik) [kenosis]. 1. Drastic, purga-
tive. 2. A drastic drug or agent.

kenotoxin (ken'-e-toks-in). A poisonous substance
developed in the tissues during their activity and
responsible for their fatigue.

Kentmann's test for formaldehyde. Morphine
hydrochloride 0.1 Gm. is dissolved in 1 Cc. of sul-
phuric acid in a test-tube, and an equal volume of the
solution to be examined is added without mixing;
in the presence of formaldehyde the aqueous solution
will be clear red violet in color after a lapse of a few
minutes. The reaction is sensitive to 1: 6000 to
1 : 5000.

kentrokinesis (ken-tro-kin-e'-sis) [nkvrpov, center,
spur; nivriavs, motion]. The influence of any motor
nerve-center; exci to-motor action.

kephaldol (kef-al'-dol). Trade name of a prepara-
tion said to be a compound of citric and salicylic
acids with phenetidin, to which some quinine is
added; it is an antipyretic.

kephalin (kef'-al-in). See cephalin.

kephalometer (kef-al-om'-et-er). See cephalometer.

kephir, kephyr (kef-ir) [Caucasian]. A nutritious
substance obtained by a peculiar fermentation of
cow's milk produced by certain fungi, k., arsenical,
a combination of kephir and Fowler's solution, k.,
iodo-, a combination of kephir and sodium iodide.
k.-seed, a substance containing the ferment (Bacillus
caucasicus) of kephir. It is used in preparing the
genuine kephir.

keracele (ker'-as-el) [/cepas, horn; K17X77, tumor].
A horny tumor on the hoof of horses.

keraphyllocele (ker-aj-iV -o-sel) [Kkpas, horn; <j>v\\ov,
leaf; K17X77, tumor]. A horny growth between the
covering of the horse's hoof and the deeper tissues.

keraphyllous (ker-af'-il-us) [icepas, horn; <pv\\oi>,
leaf]. Composed of horny layers.

kerasene, kerasin (ker'-as-en, ker'-as-in) [icepas,
horn], C46H91NO. A nitrogenous substance; one of
the cerebrins obtained from brain-substance.

kerat-, kerato- (ker-at-, ker-at-o-) [«epas, horn;
cornea]. Prefixes denoting relation to the cornea or
to horn. '

keratalgia (ker-at-al'-je-ah) [kerat-; 0X705, pain].
Pain in the cornea.

keratectasia (ker-at-ek-ta'-se-ah) [kerat-; ecra<ris,
extension]. A bulging forward of the cornea.

keratectomy (ker-at-ek'-to-me) [xepas, horn, cornea;
iKTop.ii, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a part
of the cornea.

keratiasis (ker-at-i'-as-is) [xepas, horn]. A morbid
condition characterized by the growth of horny
excrescences.

keratic (ker-at'-ik) [nkpas, horn]. Horny.

keratin (ker'-at-in) [nkpas, horn]. The basis of
horny tissues, hair, nails, feathers, etc. It is a mix-
ture of various complex substances and contains
sulphur. Decomposed, it yields leucin and tyrosin.
It is used in pharmacy to coat pills.

keratinization (ker-at-in-iz-a'-shun) [nkpoia, horn].

1. The development of a horny quality in a tissue.

2. The coating of pills with keratin.

keratinoid (ker'-at-in-oid). Trade name of a
keratin coated pill.

keratinous (ker-at' -in-us). 1. Relating to keratin.
2. Horny.

keratitis (ker-at-i'-tis) [kerat-; im, inflammation].
Inflammation of the cornea, k. arborescens, k.,
dendritic, k., furrow, k., mycotic, a superficial form
attributed to a specific organism and characterized
by a line of infiltration of the corneal tissue near the
surface and developing later into an arborescent
formation, k. bullosa, the formation of large or
small blebs upon the cornea of an eye, the seat of
iridocyclitis, interstitial keratitis, or glaucoma.
k., fascicular. See k., phlyctenular, k., interstitial,
a form of keratitis in which the entire cornea is
invested with a diffuse haziness, almost completely
hiding the iris. The surface of the cornea presents
a ground-glass appearance. Later, from ciliary
injection, blood-vessels form in the superficial layers

of the cornea, and produce a dull-red color — the
"salmon patch" of Hutchinson. The entire cornea
may become cherry-red. The disease is most fre-
quent between the ages of 5 and 15, and occurs in
syphilitic individuals, k. neuroparalytica, keratitis
following lesion of the trifacial nerve. Its cause is
loss of trophic influence, aided by mechanical irrita-
tion and drying of the cornea, k., oyster-smickers',
a form due to corneal traumatism from pieces of
embedded oyster-shell, k., phlyctenular, a variety
characterized by the formation of small papules or
pustules, often associated with similar lesions upon
the conjunctiva. It is marked by severe local con-
gestion lacrimation, and intense photophobia, k.
punctata, a secondary affection of the cornea in asso-
ciation with affections of the iris, choroid, and vitre-
ous. It is characterized by the formation of opaque
dots, generally arranged in a triangular manner upon
the posterior elastic lamina of the cornea. It is
sometimes designated as descemetitis. k. puru-
lenta, that accompanied by the formation of pus.
k. reapers', that due to the irritation from grain-
awns, k., sclerosing, an interstitial form associated
with scleritis. k., trachomatous. See pannus. k.,
traumatic, that consequent upon wounds or other
injury of the cornea.

keratoangioma (ker-at-o-an-je-o'-mah) . See angio-
keratoma.

keratocele (ker'-at-o-sel) [kerato-; K17X77, hernia].
A hernia of Descemet's membrane through the cornea.

keratocentesis (ker-at-o-sen-te'-sis) [kerato-; Kevr-q-
<ns, a pricking]. Corneal puncture.

keratochromatosis (ker-at-o-kro-mat-o' -sis) [kerato- ;
Xpup-a, color]. Discoloration of the cornea.

keratoconjunctivitis (ker-at-o-kon-junk-tiv-i'-tis) .
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and the
conjunctiva.

keratoconometer (ker-at-o-ko-nom'-et-er) [kerato- ;
Kuvos, cone; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument for
estimating astigmatism by the images reflected from
the cornea.

keratoconus (ker-at-o-ko'-nus) [kerato-; k&vos,
cone]. A conic protrusion of the cornea.

keratocricoid (ker-at-o-kri'-koid) [kerato-; kpUos,
ring; ei5os, like]. The cricothyroid muscle.

keratoderma (ker-at-o-der'-mah) [kerato-; Sepp,a,
skin]. 1. The cornea. 2. A horny condition of the
skin.

keratodermatitis (ker-at-o-der-mat-i'-tis) [kerato-;
depfia, skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the keratoderma; keratitis.

keratodermatocele (ker-at-o-der-mat' -o-sel) [ker-
ato-; Sepp.a, skin; K17X1J, tumor]. See keratocele.

keratodermatomalacia (ker'-at-o-der-mat-o-mal-a'-
se-ah) [kerato-; Skpp.a, skin; yuaXawa, softness].
Softening of the cornea.

keratodermatosis (ker-at-o-der-mat-o'-sis) [kerato- ;
8epp,a, skin; voaos, disease]. A skin-affection charac-
terized by alteration in the horny elements of the skin.

keratodermia (ker-at-o-der'-me-ah) [kerato-; Skpfia,
skin]. See keratoderma. k. erythematosa sym-
metrica, tylosis of the soles and palms, in which the
horny patches show a broken-up surface.

keratodermites (ker-at-o-der-mi'-tez) [kerato-; Skpp.a,
skin; itis, inflammation]. A group of inflammatory
scaly skin-affections.

keratogenesis (ker-at-o-jen'-e-sis) [kerato-; yewdv,
to produce]. The formation of horny material or
growths.

keratogenous (ker-at-oj'-en-us) [see keratogenesis].
Producing a horny or horn-like substance.

keratoglobus (ker-at-o-gW -bus) [kerato-; globus, a
ball]. A globular protrusion of the cornea.

keratoglossus (ker-at-o-glos'-us) . See under muscle.

keratohelcosis (ker-at-o-hel-ko'-sis) [kerato- ; «Xkcoo-is,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the cornea.

keratohyal (ker-at-o-hi'-al) [kerato-; hyoid]. Re-
lating to a cornu of the hyoid bone.

keratohyalin (ker-at-o-hi'-al-in) [kerato-; SaXos,
glass]. A peculiar substance occurring in granules
in the deeper layers of the skin.

keratohyaline (ker-at-o-hi'-al-en). Both horny
and hyaline in structure.

keratoid (ker'-at-oid) [kerato-; eldos, like]. Horn-
like.

keratoiritis (ker-at-o-i-ri'-tis) [kerato-; iritis]. Com-
bined inflammation of the cornea and the iris.

keratoleukoma (ker-at-o-lii-ko'-mah) [kerato-; Xeu-
k6s, white: pi., keratoleukomata]. A leukoma or
whitish opacity of the cornea.

KERATOLYSIS

488

KIDNEY

keratolysis (ker-at-ol'-is-is) [kerato-; Xforis, solu-
tion]. A shedding of the skin; a rare condition in
which the skin is shed periodically, that of the limbs
coming off as a glove or stocking.

keratolytic (ker-at-o-lit'-ik) [kerato-; Xforis, solu-
tion]. Pertaining to keratolysis.

keratoma (ker-at-o'-mah) [kerato-; lp.a, tumor].
i. See callosity. 2. Congenital ichthyosis; the pres-
ence of horny plates upon the integument.

keratomalacia (ker-at-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [kerato-;
jttaXa/cia, softness]. A softening of the cornea.

keratome (ker'-at-om) [kerato-; rop.r), a cutting].
A knife with a peculiar trowel-like blade, used for
making the incision into the cornea in the operation
of iridectomy.

keratometer (ker-at-om'-et-er) [kerato-; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the curves
of the cornea.

keratometry (ker-at-om'-et-re) [see keratometer].
The measurement of curves of the cornea.

keratomycosis (ker-at-o-mi-ko'-sis) [kerato-; my-
cosis]. A fungoid growth of the cornea.

keratoncus (ker-at-ong'-kus) [kerato-; 6jkos, a
tumor]. Any horny tumor.

keratonosis (ker-at-on'-o-sis). See keratosis.

keratonosus (ker-at-on'-o-sus). Any disease of the
cornea.

keratonyxis (ker-at-o-niks'-is) [kerato-; vbfa, a
pricking]. The needling of a soft cataract by punc-
ture through the cornea; also, the old operation of
couching a cataract with the needle.

keratophagia (ker-at-of-a'-je-ah). See onychomy-
cosis.

keratoplasia (ker-at-o-pla'-ze-ah) [kerato-; irXao-aeiv,
to form]. The reparative renewal of the horny layer
of the skin.

keratoplastic (ker-at-o-plas'-tik). Pertaining to
keratoplasty.

keratoplasty (ker'-at-o-plas-te) [kerato-; TrXao-o-eiv,
to form]. Plastic operation upon the cornea,
especially the transplantation of a portion of cornea
from the eye of a lower animal to that of man.

keratorrhexis (ker-at-or-eks'-is) [kerato-; prj^is,
rupture]. Rupture of the cornea, due to ulceration
or traumatism.

keratoscleritis (ker-at-o-skle-ri'-tis) [kerato- ; <nc\rip6s,
hard; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
cornea and the sclera.

keratoscope (ker'-at-o-skop) [kerato-; oko-kHv, to
view]. An instrument for examining the cornea and
testing the symmetry of its meridians of curvature.

keratoscopy (ker-at-os'-ko-pe) [see keratoscope].

1. Examination of the cornea with the keratoscope.

2. Retinoscopy or skiascopy.

keratose (ker'-at-os) [kerato-]. Horny.

keratosis (ker-at-o'-sis) [/cepas, cornea]. Any dis-
ease of the skin characterized by an overgrowth of
the horny epithelium, k. follicularis, a form of
acne in which horny, prominent projections occur
about the sebaceous follicles; they are firmly adherent
and produce a roughness comparable to that of a
nutmeg-grater, k. pilaris, a chronic affection of the
skin marked by hard, conical elevations investing the
hair-follicles, and somewhat resembling goose-flesh.
k. senilis, a cornification of the skin of old people,
often limited to certain definite regions, as the face
and dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet.

keratotome (ker'-at-o-tom) . See keratome.

keratotomy (ker-at-ot'-o-me) [kerato-; rkp-veiv, to
cut]. Incision of the cornea.

keraunics (ker-awn'-iks) [nepawos, a thunderbolt].
The branch of physics treating of heat and electricity.

keraunographic (ker-aw-no-graf'-ik) [icepavvos, a
thunderbolt; ypa^eiv, to write]. Pertaining to the
pictorial impressions of near objects sometimes seen
upon the body of a person who has been struck by
lightning.

keraunoneurosis (ker-aw-no-nu-ro'-sis) [icepavvos,
a thunderbolt; vevpov, nerve; vbaos, disease]. Nervous
disease due to lightning-stroke.

keraunophobia (ker-aw-no-fo'-be-ah) [nepawos,
a thunderbolt; 06/Sos, fear]. A morbid fear of light-
ning.

kerectomy (ker-ek'-to-me). See keratectomy.

kerion (Jke'-re-on). See tinea kerion.

keritherapy (ker-e-ther'-ap-e) [nepas, wax; therapy].
Treatment by means of paraffin baths.

Kerkring's folds (kerk'-ring) [Theodor Kerkring,
Dutch anatomist, 1640-1693]. Same as K.'s valves.
K.'s ossicle, a point of ossification in the occipital

bone, immediately behind the foramen magnum.
K.'s valves, the valvulae conniventes of the small
intestine.

kermes (Jter'-mez) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. A red
dyestuff resembling cochineal, made from the bodies
of the dried insects, Coccus ilicis, found on the
kermes-oak. k.-mineral, a mixture of antimony
trioxide and trisulphide.

Kerner's reaction for creatinin. Add to a solu-
tion of creatinin acidified with a mineral acid a solu-
tion of phosphotungstic or phosphomolybdic acid; a
crystalline precipitate will be formed.

Kernig's sign {ker'-nig) [Waldemar Kernig, Russian
physician, 1840- ]. Contracture or flexion of
the knee- and hip-joint, at times also of the elbow,
when the patient is made to assume the sitting pos-
ture ; it is noted in meningitis.

keroid (ker-oid') [Kepas, horn, or cornea; eUos, like].
1. Horny. 2. Like the cornea.

kerosene oil (ker'-o-sen) [ktjpos, wax]. A liquid
hydrocarbon, or oil extracted from bituminous coal.

kestin (kes'-tin). A proprietary antiseptic and
deodorant said to contain trinitrophenol, ammonium
chloride, orthoboric acid, and formic aldehyde.

ketogenesis (ke-to-jen'-es-is). The production of a
ketone, or of acetone.
, ketol (ke'-tol). See indol.

ketols (ke'-tolz). In chemistry, ketone-alcohols,
containing both the ketone and alcohol groups.

ketone (ke'-tori) [an arbitrary variation of acetone].
An organic compound derived by oxidation from a
secondary alcohol; it contains the group =C =0.

ketoses (ke-to'-ses). In chemistry, a generic name
applied to carbohydrates containing the ketone
group CO.

key (ke). 1. An instrument for opening or fasten-
ing a lock. 2. A device for making and breaking an
electric circuit. 3. In a system of classification a
table containing the principal divisions and their
distinguishing characteristics, k., Du Bpis-Rey-
mond's, an electric switch by means of which the
circuit may be either closed or the current short-
circuited, k.-forceps, Elliot's, two instruments are
so called, the one having beaks of forceps and the
handle of a key, for the extraction of teeth; the
other is designed for the extraction of roots of teeth
that present but one side above the alveolus. They
are now but little used. k. of Garengeot, an instru-
ment for the extraction of teeth, composed of a shank
with a movable clasp and a cross-bar. The clasp
is applied to the inner surface of the tooth, and the
extraction is accomplished by turning the handle.
k., tetanizing. See k., DuBois-Reymond's. k.,
tooth. See k. o£ Garengeot.

Key and Retzius' corpuscles {ke' , ret'-ze-us) [Ernst
Axel Henrik Key, Swedish physician, 1832-1901;
Magnus Gustav Retzius, Swedish histologist, 1842-
]. Encapsulated corpuscles found in the bill of
some aquatic birds and representing transition forms
between Herbst's and Pacini's corpuscles. K. and
R.'s foramina. See Luschka's foramina.

Kg. Abbreviation for kilogram.

kibe (kib). A broken, or ulcerated, chilblain.

kibisitome (ki-bis-it-dm) [Ki/3«ns a pouch;
Tkp.veiv, to cut]. A cystitome.

kidney (kid'-ne) [ME., kidnere]. One of the two
large glandular organs situated in the upper and
posterior portion of the abdominal cavity, and con-
cerned in the excretion of the urine. It consists of
an outer cortical substance and an inner medullary
substance. The medulla consists of from 8 to 18
pyramids (pyramids of Malpighi), the apices of
which, the papilla, project into the calyces of the
ureter. The pyramids are striated, and in places
send narrow projections into the cortex — the medul-
lary rays, or pyramids of Ferrein. Between the
pyramids are extensions from the cortex — the columns
of Bertini. The cortex, by the penetration into it
of the medullary rays, is divided into medullary rays
and the labyrinth. The secreting structure of the
kidney consists of long tubes, beginning in an ex-
panded extremity — the capsule of Bowman — which
invests a tuft of blood-vessels, the glomerulus, and
constitutes, together with this, a Malpighian body;
extending from this is the proximal convoluted tubule;
then comes the spiral tubule, then the loop of Henle,
consisting of a descending and an ascending limb;
then the distal convoluted tubule, which terminates in
the collecting tubule. The blood-vessels of the kidney
divide into two sets of branches, one supplying the

KIENBOCK'S DISEASE

489

KINO

cortex, the other the medulla. The kidney weighs
about 150 Gm. k., amyloid, a kidney the seat of
amyloid degeneration, k., confluent, a single kidney
formed by fusion of twin kidneys or other congenital
malformation, k., fatty, one the seat of extensive
fatty degeneration, k., floating. See floating kidney.
k., gouty, k., granular, the small kidney resulting
from chronic interstitial nephritis, k., horseshoe-.
See horseshoe-kidney, k., large white, that of the
advanced stage of chronic parenchymatous nephritis.
k., massage, a state of uremia and renal incompetence
due to improper massage of the kidney, k., movable,
floating kidney, k., pigback, the large congested
kidney found in alcoholic subjects, k. of pregnancy,
an anemic kidney with fatty infiltration of the epi-
thelial cells, but without any acute or chronic inflam-
mation, occurring in pregnant women, k., red
contracted. See k., gouty, k., sacculated, a con-
dition due to hydronephrosis and absorption of the
chief part of the kidney, leaving the irregularly ex-
panded capsule, k., small white, the final stage of
the large white kidney after loss of its substance from
atrophy or degeneration, k., surgical, pyelonephritis.
k., wandering. See k., floating, k., waxy. Same as
k., amyloid.

Kienbock's disease (ke'-en-bok). Traumatic mal-
acia of the semilunar bone of the wrist.

Kiernan's spaces (ker'-nan) [Francis Kiernan,
English physician, 1 800-1 874]. The interlobular
spaces of the liver.

Kiesselbach's place (ke'-sel-bakh) [Wilhelm Kiessel-
bach, German laryngologist, 1830- ]. The point
at which the nasal septum, owing to its thinness, is
especially liable to perforation.

Kiesselbachii, locus. See Kiesselbach's place.

Kilian's line (kil'-e-an) [Hermann Friedrich Kilian,
German obstetrician, 1800-1863]. The line of the
promontory of the sacrum. K.'s pelvis, the osteo-
malacic (halisteretic) pelvis.

Killian's operation {kil'-e-an) [Gustav Killian,
German laryngologist, i860- ]. Removal of the
anterior wall of the frontal sinus and curettage of the
frontal sinus and ethmoid cells.

kilo (kil'-o) . A contraction of kilogram.

kilocalory (kil-o-kal'-or-e). See calory, great.

kilogram (kil'-o-gram) [xiXun, a thousand; gram].
One thousand grams, or 2.2 pounds avoirdupois.

kilogrammeter (kil-o-gram-et'-er) [xiXioi, one
thousand; gram; p.krpov, a measure]. A term denot-
ing the energy required to raise one kilogram one
meter in height; equivalent to 7.233 foot-pounds.

kiloliter (kil'-o-le-ter) [kilo; liter]. One thousand
liters, or 35-31 cubic feet.

kilometer (kil'-o-me-ter) [kilo; meter]. One thou-
sand meters, or 1093.6 yards.

kilostere (kil'-o-ster) [kilo; arepeos, solid]. One
thousand cubic meters.

kilowatt (kil'-o-wot) [xiXioi, thousand; watt].
One thousand watts of electricity; same as the
kelvin.

kilurane (kil'-u-ran) [xiXuh, a thousand; urane],
A thousand uranes; a unit of radioactivity.

kinesthesia (kin-es-the'-ze-ah). See kinesthesia.

kinase (kin' -as) [niveau, motion]. See activator.

kinazyme (ki'-na-zlm). Trade name of a prepara-
tion of the liver, and the tryptic enzyme of the
pancreas. It is said to improve digestion and
nutrition, and to induce leukocytosis.

kinematics (kin-em-at'-iks) [mveiv, to move].
The science of motion.

kinematograph (kin-e-mat' -o-graf) [idvri<ns, move-
ment; yp6.<j>eiv, to write]. An apparatus used to
make a continuous record of a body in movement.

kineplasty. A plastic amputation with the object
of making a stump useful for locomotion.

kinepock (kin'-pok). Synonym of vaccinia, q. v.

kinesalgia (kin-es-al'-je-ah) [kinesis; a\yos, pain].
Local pain following muscular contraction.

kinescope (kin'-es-kop) [nivelv, to move; anoirziv,
to view]. A device to regulate with accuracy the
width of an aperture through which rays of light are
allowed to pass in measuring ametropia.

kinescopy (kin-es'-ko-pe). A form of retinoscopy
requiring cooperation on the part of the patient;
subjective retinoscopy.

kinesialgia (kin-e-si-al'-je-ah) [Klvyns, movement;
0X705, pain]. The condition of a muscle giving rise
to pain on contraction. Cf . kinesalgia.

kinesiatric (kin-es-e-at'-rik) Ulvrjaris, movement;
larpiKCK, therapeutic]. Relating to kinesitherapy.

kinesiatrics (kin-es-e-at'-riks). Same as kinesi-
therapy.

kinesic (kin-ez'-ik). See kinetic.

kinesiesthesiometer (kin-es-e-es-the-ze-om'-et-er)
[kinesis; ala-^wts, perception; y.krpov, a measure].
An instrument for testing the muscular sense. It
consists of wooden balls of the same size but of differ-
ent weights.

kinesimeter (kin-es-im'-et-ur). See kinesiometer.

kinesiology (kin-es-e-ol'-o-je) [kinesis; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of movements, considered espe-
cially as therapeutic or hygienic agencies.

kinesiometer (kin-es-e-om' -et-er) [kinesis; p.krpov,
a measure]. An instrument for determining quanti-
tatively the motion of a part.

kinesiometric (ki-nes-e-o-met'-rik) [/a^o-is, move-
ment; nerpov, measure]. Relating to the measure-
ment of motion.

kinesioneurosis (kin-es-e-o-nu-ro'-sis) [kinesis; neu-
rosis]. A functional nervous disease associated with
disorders of motion, k., external, that affecting the
external muscles, k., internal, k., visceral, that
affecting the muscles of the viscera.

kinesionosos (kin-es-e-on'-o-sos) [/aV^trts, move-
ment; vdffos, disease]. Any disease marked by
impairment of the power of motion.

kinesiotherapy (kin-es-e-o-ther'-ap-e). See kineto-
therapy.

kinesipathic (kin-es-ip-ath'-ik) [Kivqcns, motion;
iraBoi, disease]. Pertaining to kinesipathy.

kinesipathist (kin-es-ip' -ath-ist) [nivrivis, motion;
iraBos, disease]. One who practises the gymnastic
treatment of disease.

kinesipathy (kin-es-ip'-ath-e) [kinesis; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Kinetotherapy.

kinesis (kin-e'-sis) [kIvt)(tis, motion]. The general
term for all physical forms of energy.

kinesitherapy (kin-es-e-ther'-ap-e) [nLvr)<ns, motion;
depaweia, care, cure]. See Swedish movements.

kinesodic (kin-es-od'-ik) [kinesis; 656s, way]. Per-
taining to the motor pathways.

kinesotherapy (kin-es-o-ther'-ap-e). Same as^. kin-
esitherapy.

kinesthesia, kinesthesis (kin-es-the'-ze-ah, kin-es-
the'-sis) [kinesis; alixd^ais, sensation]. 1. That
quality of sensations whereby we become aware of
our position in space, our movements, and that gives
us our impression of weight and resistance. 2. The
morbid impulse that impels one looking from a
height to throw himself down.

kinesthetic (kin-es-thet'-ik) [kiVtjo-ij, movement;
aio-077<ris, sensation]. Relating to kinesthesia.

kinesia (kin-e'-ze-ah) [/dvncns, movement]. Move-
ment-cure; systematic use of motion for therapeutic
or hygienic purposes. 2. See kinetia.

kinetia (kin-e'-she-ah) [nivrjais, motion]. A term
applied to all forms of motion-sickness. It includes
such disorders as sea-sickness and car-sickness.

kinetic (kin-et'-ik) [kinesis]. Pertaining to motion;
producing motion, as kinetic energy, k. jelly. See
under jelly, k. system, Crile's term for the brain,
thyroid, adrenals and muscles.

kinetics (kin-et'-iks) [Kivrjan, movement]. The
science of force as developing motion.

kinetographic (kin-et-o-graf'-ik) [icivri<ns, move-
ment; ypa<t>tiv, to write]. Relating to the recording
of movements.

kinetoplasm (kin-et' -o-plazm) . See hyaloplasm.

kinetoscope (kin-ef -o-skop) [kZj'tjo-is, movement;
anoirelv, to view]. An apparatus for producing
stereoptic pictures of objects or beings in motion; a
vitascope.

kinetotherapeutic (kin-et-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [kineto-
therapy]. Relating to the therapeutic use of syste-
matic movements and exercises.

kinetotherapy (kin-et-o-ther'-ap-e) [kinesis; depaweia,
therapy]. The treatment of disease by systematic,
active or passive movements.

king's evil. Scrofula, on account of a belief that
it could be cured by the touch of the king, k.'s
yellow. See arsenic trisulphide.

kink (kingk). 1. The whoop in whooping-cough.
2. A synonym of whooping-cough. 3. A flexion or a
twist, k.-cough, a synonym of whooping-cough.
k.-host, a synonym of whooping-cough, k., Lane's.
See Lane's kink.

kino (ki'-no) [E. Ind.J. 1. The inspissated juice
of Pterocarpus marsupium, found in India, and
similar in action to tannic acid; it is used mainly as a
constituent of gargles and diarrhea mixtures. 2. A

KINOMETER

490

KNOT

general term for the astringent inspissated juice of a
tree, as furnished by many species of Eucalyptus.
k., tincture of (tinctura kino, U. S. P.). Dose 10
min.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Cc).

kinometer (kin-om'-et-er) [nlvriais, movement;
ukrpov, measure]. An instrument to measure the
amount of displacement of the uterus in case of tumor
or cellular inflammation of the pelvis,
kinone (kin' -on). See quinone.
kinoplasm (kin'-o-plazm) [iaveiv, to move; ir\afffj.a,
a thing molded]. Strasburger's term for the proto-
plasm peculiar to the centrosome; the archoplasm
of Boveri.

kinotannic acid. A variety of tannic acid found
in kino. p

kinoyin (kin'-o-vin). See quinovin.
kionitis (ki-on-i'-tis). Same as staphylitis.
kionorrhaphy (ki-on-or'-af-e). Same as staphylor-
rhaphy.

kiotome (ki'-o-tom) [kLwv, the uvula; rofios, cut-
ting]. An instrument for amputating the uvula, or
for dividing strictures of the bladder or rectum.

kiotomy (ki-ot'-o-me) [see kiotome}. Excision of
the uvula.

Kissingen salts (kis'-ing-en). Effervescing salts
from the mineral springs of Kissingen. K. water, a
laxative tonic mineral water of Kissingen, in Bavaria.
kite-tail plug. A tampon used in controlling
uterine hemorrhage. It is made by tying rolls of
cotton to a string at intervals, the whole resembling a
kite-tail.

Kittel's method {kit'-el) [M. J. Kittell, German
physician]. Treatment of gout by massage of the
effected joints.

Kl. Abbreviation for kiloliter.
klang [Ger.]. See timbre.

Klatsch-preparation (klatsh-prep-ar-a'-shun) [Ger.,
Klatschpraparat]. A cover-glass preparation made
by pressing the cover-glass lightly on a bacterial
colony in plate-culture.

Klebs-Loeffler bacillus (klebs'-leff'-ler) [Edwin
Klebs, German bacteriologist, 1834-1913; Friedrich
August Johannes Loeffler, German physician, 1852-
1915]. The bacillus diphtheria.

kleidarthrocace (klid-ar-throk'-as-e) [n\ds, clavi-
cle; apdpov, joint; KaKrj, evil]. Spontaneous luxation
of the clavicle. ^

klemmolin (klem'-ol-in). A proprietary remedy
for rheumatism said to be prepared from pine tops
and poplar buds.

kleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah) [KXkirreip, to steal;
fiavia, madness]. A form of emotional insanity
manifested by a morbid desire to commit theft.

kleptophobia (klep-to-fo'-be-ah) [KKkirretv, to steal;
<£6/3os, fear]. 1. A morbid dread of thieves. 2. A
morbid dread of becoming a kleptomaniac.
klinocephalus. See clinocephalus.
klinostat (kli'-no-stat). See clinostat.
KlippePs disease (klip'-el) [Maurice Klippel,
French physician, 1858- ]. General paralysis
occurring in arthritic patients.

kliseometer (klis-e-om'-et-er). Same as cliseometer .
klopemania (klop-e-ma' -ne-ah) [kKo-wtj, theft; fiavia,
madness]. Same as kleptomania.

klopsophobia (klop-so-fo' -be-ah) [/cXcb^, thief; <£6/3os,
fear]. Same as kleptophobia.

Klumpke's paralysis (kloomp'-keh) [A. Dejerine
Klumpke, French neurologist]. Paralysis and atro-
phy of the muscles of the forearm and hand, with
sensory and oculopupillary disturbances; it is due to
a lesion of the seventh and eighth cervical and first
dorsal nerve-roots.

Km. Abbreviation for kilometer.
Knapp's angioid streaks (nap) [Hermann Knapp,
American ophthalmologist, 1832-1911]. Pigment
streaks appearing occasionally in the retina after
. hemorrhage. K.'s forceps. A forceps with roller
blades used in the treatment of trachoma on the
palpebral conjunctiva. K.'s operation. For cata-
ract-extraction: a broad iridectomy and peripheral
opening of the capsule; the lens is expelled by gentle
pressure on the lower part of the cornea.

Knapp's test for glucose in the urine. A solution
is made of 10 Gm. of mercuric cyanid dissolved in
100 Cc. of caustic soda solution, of a specific gravity
of 1.14s, and diluted to one liter. When this solution
is diluted with water and heated with a glucose
solution, a reduction of metallic mercury takes place.
Ten Cc. of this solution are reduced by 0.025 Gm. of
glucose.

kneading (ne'-ding). The same as petrissage, q. v.
See also malaxation.

knee (ne) [AS., cnedw]. The articulation between
the femur and the tibia, k.-cap, the patella, k.,
housemaid's. See housemaid's knee, k., in-. See
genu valgum, k. of internal capsule, the angle of
junction of the anterior and posterior limbs of the
internal capsule, k.-jerk, k.-refiex, k.-phenomenon,
a contraction of the quadriceps extensor femoris
muscle as a result of a light blow on the patellar
tendon. Syn., patellar tendon-reflex. See also under
reflex, k.-joint, a hinge-joint consisting of the
articulation of the condyles of the femur with the
upper extremity of the tibia and the posterior surface
of the patella, k., knock-. See genu valgum.
k., out-. See genu varum, k.-pan, the patella.

Kneippism (ni'-pizm) [E. H. Sebastian Kneipp,
German priest, 1821-1897]. Hydrotherapy applied
in a great variety of ways — baths, lotions, wet
compresses, packs, cold affusions, and walking bare-
footed in the morning dew.

knife (nlf) [AS., cnif]. An instrument for cutting*
In surgery, knives are of various shapes and sizes,
according to their use. k.-needle, a needle with a
cutting edge, used in the discission of cataracts.
k.-rest crystals, peculiarly indented crystals of triple
phosphate occasionally found in urine.

knitting (nit'-ing). The union and becoming
rigid of a fracture.

knock-knee (nok'-ne). See genu valgum.

knock-out-drops. A strong aqueous solution of
chloral used by criminals to deprive their victims of
consciousness.

knot (not) [ME., knotte]. An interlacement of
ends or parts of one or more cords or threads so that
they cannot be readily separated, k., clove-hitch,
a knot consisting of two single, contiguous loops, the
free ends toward each other, k., double. Same as
k., friction, k., false. Same as k., granny, k.,
friction, one in which the ends are wound twice
around each other before they are tied, k., Gerdy's

Granny, false, or Reef or sailor's knot,
double knot.

Staffordshire or
Tait's knot.

Combined surgeon's or
reef knot.

extension, resembles the clove-hitch, k., granny,
a tie of a cord in which in the second loop the end
of one cord is over, and the other under, its fellow,
so that the two loops do not lie in the same line.
k., reef, a knot so formed that the ends come out
alongside of the standing parts and the knot does not
jam. k., sailor's. Same as k., reef, k., square.
Same as k., reef, k., Staffordshire, a knot used in
ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The ligature is
passed through the pedicle, and withdrawn so as to

KNUCKLE

491

KOPREMIA

leave a loop, which is passed over the tumor, and one
of the free ends is then drawn through the loop;
both ends are then passed through the pedicle,
tightened, and tied, k., stay, formed by two or
more ligatures in the following way: on each ligature
separately is made the first hitch of a reef knot, which
is tightened so that the loop lies in contact with the
vessel, without constricting it; then taking the two
ends on one side together in one hand, and the two
ends on the other side in the other hand, the vessel is
constricted sufficiently to occlude it, after which the
reef knot is completed, k., surgical, a double knot
made by passing the thread twice through the same
loop, k., Tait's. See k., Staffordshire.

knuckle (nuk'-l). i. An articulation of the pha-
langes with the metacarpal bones or with each other.
2. A loop of intestine.

Kobelt's cyst (ko'-belt) [Georg Ludwig Kobelt,
German physician, 1804-1857]- A small peduncu-
lated cyst formed in one of Kobelt's tubes. K.'s
tubes, the upper ducts of the Wolffian body which
end in a culdesac.

Kobert's test for hemoglobin (ko'-bert) [Eduard
Rudolf Robert, German chemist, 1854- ]• Treat
the solution with one of zinc sulphate or shake it
with zinc powder, when a precipitate of zinc hemo-
globin is formed. Alkalies color this precipitate red.

KOC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening contrac-
tion.

Koch's bacillus (kok) [Robert Koch, German
bacteriologist, 1843-1910]. 1. The Bacillus tuber-
culosis. 2. The Spirillum choleras, asiaticce. K.'s
eruption, a morbilliform eruption following the injec-
tion of tuberculin. K.'s law, K.'s postulates, the
specificity of a microorganism is conclusively demon-
strated when the following conditions are fulfilled:
(1) The microorganism must be present in all cases
of the disease; (2) it must be cultivated in pure
culture; (3) its inoculation must produce the disease
in susceptible animals; (4) from such animals it must
be obtained and again cultivated in pure culture.
K.'s lymph. See tuberculin. K.'s method of ster-
ilization, a method of interrupted heating. The
culture-mediums are heated for a short time daily
for from three to five successive days, usually in the
steam sterilizer.

Koch-Weeks bacillus [see Koch; John Elmer
Weeks, American ophthalmologist, 1853- ]. A
bacillus which causes pink-eye or acute contagious
conjunctivitis.

Kocher's operation (kok'-er) [Theodor Kocher,
Swiss surgeon, 1841- ]. 1. For excision of the
ankle-joint: the incision is made beneath the external
malleolus, and is followed by division of the peroneal
tendons after being secured with threads, and opening
of the joint with removal of the diseased parts; the
foot is replaced and the tendons sutured. 2. For
the relief of cancer of the rectum: a long integumentary
incision is made, freely exposing the bone. With a
chisel each side of the sacrum is grooved along the
inner side of the foramina, beginning at the third.
The segment, which he calls the "knockenspange,"
is removed. This exposes the sacral canal and makes
certain the protection of the nerves.

kodozonol (kod-o-zo'-nol). Ozonized cod-liver oil,
an antiseptic dressing for wounds, burns, etc.

Koebner's multiple papillary tumors. See mycosis
fungoides.

Koehler's disease (ke'-ler) [Albert Koehler,
German surgeon, 1850- ]. Softening of the
scaphoid bone of the foot resulting from traumatism.

von Koelliker's cells (kel'-ik-er) [Rudolf Albert von
Koelliker, German anatomist, 1817-1905]. 1. Little
cells of the seminiferous tubules which are trans-
formed into spermatozoa. 2. See myeloplax. v.
K.'s fibrous layer, the layer of fibrous connective
tissue which forms the substantia propria of the iris.
v. K.'s glands. See Bowman's glands, v. K.'s
musclebuds. See Kuehne's muscle-spindles, v. K.'s
nucleus, the gray matter surrounding the canal of
the spinal cord. v. K.'s reticulum, the neuroglia.
v. K.'s tract-cells, ganglion-cells, the axons of which
pass as longitudinal fibers into the white columns of
the spinal cord.

Koenig's symptom (ker'-nig) [Franz Koenig, Ger-
man surgeon, 1832- ]. Blue-blindness in granular
kidney. K.'s symptom-complex, alternation, for a
long period of constipation and diarrhea, and irre-
gular attacks of colic, which are generally of short
duration and terminate suddenly. During these

attacks the abdomen is distended, there exists fre-
quently a visible peristalsis, and a loud gurgling is
heard in the ileocecal region. These symptoms are
characteristic of tuberculous stenosis of the cecum.

Koerte-Ballance operation (ker'-teh bal'-ans) [Wer-
ner Koerte, German surgeon, 1853- ; Charles
Alfred Ballance, English surgeon]. 1. Anastomosis
of the facial and hypoglossal nerves for the relief of
facial palsy. 2. Anastomosis of the facial and spinal
accessoiy nerves.

Kohlrausch's fold {kol'-rowsh) [Otto Ludwig Bern-
hard Kohlrausch, German physician, 1811-1854],
A semilunar, transverse fold of the rectal mucosa,
situated about 6 cm. above the anus in the anterior
and right wall of the rectum. K.'s veins, the super-
ficial veins that pass from the surface of the penis
upward to empty into the dorsal vein.

koilonychia {koi-lo-nik'-e-ah) [koZXos, hollow;
5w£ , nail]. A condition in which the outer surface
of the nail is concave; spoon-nail.

kola (ko'-lah). See k.-nut. k.-cardinette, a pro-
prietary cordial containing from 30 to 60 gr. of kola-
nut to each fluidounce. A nerve-tonic and stimu-
lant. Dose 1-4 tablespoonfuls (16-60 Cc.) 5 or 6
times daily, k.-nut, the seed of Cola acuminata,
used in Central Africa as a substitute for tea and
coffee. It contains an alkaloid similar to caffeine and
is a cerebral stimulant and cardiac tonic, k.-tannin,
a compound of caffeine and tannin obtained from
kola-nut.

kolabon (ko'-lah-bon) [kola; bonbon]. A confection
prepared from undried kola-nut, containing kolanin,
caffeine, and theobromine. It is recommended in
treatment of sea-sickness.

kolanin (ko'-lan-in). The physiologically active
glucoside from kola-nut; a thick extract, containing
80 to 90 % of the pure glucoside, is used in the treat-
ment of neurasthenia and neurasthenic weakness of
the heart.

Kolk's (Schroeder van der) law. A spinal nerve
endows the muscles with motion through its motor
branches and the parts moved with sensation through
its sensory branches.

kollonema (kol-on-e'-mah) [/coXXa, glue; %a,
tissue]. Same as myxoma, q. v.

kolopexy. See colopexy.

kolotyphus (ko-lo-ti'-fus). Typhoid fever.

kolp-. For words beginning, thus, see colp-.

kolpo- (kol-po-). See colpo-.

kolypeptic (ko-le-pep'-tik) [kuXw, to hinder;
ireirriKos, conductive to digestion]. Hindering or
checking digestive processes.

kolyseptic (ko-le-sep'-tik) [kwXw, to hinder;
aij-KTeiv, to putrefy]. 1. Preventing putrefaction.
2. An agent that hinders a septic process.

kombe {kom'-ba) [African]. An African arrow-
poison {kombe inee) extracted from Strophanthus
kombe.

Kondoleon's operation (kon-do'-le-on) [Emmanuel
Kondoleon, Greek surgeon]. Excision of pieces of
connective tissue for the relief of elephantiasis.

koniantron {kon-e-an'-tron) [kovis, dust; avrpov,
antrum]. An instrument for spraying fluid into the
tympanic cavity.

koniosis (kon-e-o'-sis) [kovis, dust]. A morbid
condition due to inhalation of dust.

koniscope (kon'-is-kop) [/com, dust; okovHv, to
examine]. An instrument for determining the
quantity of dust in the atmosphere.

konseal (kon'-sel). A form of cachet.

koosso, koosoo (koo'-soo). See cusso.

kopf tetanus (kopf'-tet-an-us) [Ger.]. Cephalic te-
tanus. See tetanus, cephalic.

kophemia (ko-fe'-me-ah) [icu<f>av, to deafen]. See
deafness, word.

kopiopia (kop-e-o'-pe-ah) [koitos, a straining; wip,
eye]. Eye-strain; weariness of the eyes. k. hys-
terica, a term applied to those symptoms that indi-
cate hyperesthesia of the trigeminus and optic
nerves.

Koplik's sign, K.'s spots {kop'-lik) [Henry Koplik,
American physician, 1858- ]. Minute bluish-
white spots surrounded by a reddish areola; they are
observed on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and
lips of the patient during the prodromal stage of
measles.

Kopp's asthma [Johann Heinrich Kopp, German
physician, 1777-1858]. Laryngismus stridulus.
Syn., Kopp's thymic asthma.

kopremia, kopraemia. See copremia.

KOPRIKIN

492

KUEHNE'S MUSCLE-SPINDLES

koprikin (kop'-rik-in) [kottpos, dung]. Undigested
animal matter in the feces.

koprostearin (kop-ro-ste'-ar-in). A modified choles-
terol found in the feces.

Koranyi's auscultation (ko-rahn'-ye) [Baron F. von
Koranyi, Austrian physician, 1829- ]. Auscul-
tation with percussion upon the second joint of the
forefinger applied perpendicularly to the part.
K.'s sign. See Grocco's sign.

kore- (kor'-e-). See core-.

koronion (ko-ro'-ne-on). The apex of the coronoid
process of the inferior maxilla.

koroscopy (kor-os'-ko-pe). See retinoscopy.

Korsakoff's psychosis (kor'-sak-off) [Sergius Kor-
sakoff, Russian neurologist, 1853-1900]. Mental
derangement, in the form of delirium, observed in
cases of polyneuritis.

kosher (ko'-shur) [Heb., lawful]. Pure, lawful.
k.-meat, the flesh of animals that have been slaught-
ered and inspected according to the laws of the
Jewish rabbis.

kosin (ko'-siri) [Abyssinian, cusso], C31H36O10.
Same as koussin. See cusso.

kosotoxin (ko-so-toks' -in) [koso, the fertile flowers
of Br ay era anthelmintica ; to£ik6v, poison], C26H34O10.
An active principle from the ethereal extract of cusso
flowers. It is a strong muscle poison, but exerts
little influence on the central nervous system.

Kossel's test for hypoxanthin. Treat the solution
with hydrochloric acid and zinc and add an excess
of sodium hydroxide. The presence of hypoxanthin
is evinced by a ruby -red color.

koumiss (koo'-mis). See kumiss.

koussin (koos'-in). See under cusso.

kousso (koos'-o). See cusso.

Kovalevski, canal of (kof-a-lef-ske) [Pavel Ivano-
vich Kovalevski, Russian embryologist, 1845- ].
The neurenteric canal; in the embryo, a passage
leading from the posterior part of the medullary tube
into the archenteron.

Kowarski's test for sugar in the urine {ko-var'-ske).
Shake in a test-tube 5 drops of phenylhydrazin with
10 drops of strong acetic acid, add 1 Cc. of saturated
sodium chloride solution and 2 Cc. or 3 Cc. of urine,
and heat for 2 minutes; then cool slowly. If the
amount of sugar present is as high as 0.2 %, char-
acteristic crystals will form in a few minutes; if less,
the formation of crystals will require a longer time —
5 to 30 minutes.

Koyter's muscle (koi'-ter) [Volcherus Koyter,
Dutch anatomist, 1 534-1600]. The corrugator
supercilii. Syn., musculus Coiteri.

Kr. Chemical symbol of krypton.

Kramer's frontal band. A head-band with appli-
ances to hold a Eustachian catheter in place so that
the surgeon's hands may be free.

Krameria (kra-me'-re-ah) [J. G. H. Kramer,
Austrian physician]. A genus of polypetalous herbs.
The krameria of the U. S. P. is the dried root of
K. triandra (ratany-root) and K. ixina, shrubs native
to South America; it possesses the same astringent
qualities as tannic acid. It is used in serous diar-
rheas. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). k., extract of (ex-
tr actum krameria, U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-
0.65 Gm.). k., fiuidextract of (fluidextractum kram-
eria, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.— § dr. (0.32-2.0 Cc).
k., infusion of (infusum krameria, B. P.). Dose 1-2
oz. (32-64 Cc). k., syrup of (syrupus krameria,
U. S. P.), contains of the fiuidextract, 35; syrup, 65.
Dose 7 dr.-| oz. (2-16 Cc). k., tincture of {tinctura
krameria, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0
Cc). k., troches of {trochisci krameria, U. S. P.),
each troche contains 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) of the extract.

Kraske's operation (kras'-keh) [Paul Kraske,
German surgeon, 1851- ]. Removal of the coc-
cyx and left part of the sacrum prior to resection
of the rectum in case of malignant disease.

kraurosis (kraw-ro'-sis) [icpavpos, dry]. Shriveling
and dryness, especially of the vulva.

Krause's corpuscles, K.'s end-bulbs {krow'-zer)
[1. Wilhelm Krause, German anatomist, 1833- ;
2. Fedor Krause, German surgeon, 1857- ]•
[r]. Spheroid nerve-corpuscles resembling Pacinian
corpuscles, but having a more delicate investment.
They are found especially in the conjunctiva and the
genitals. K.'s disc, K.'s membrane. [1]. The dark
transverse band that divides a transparent (isotropic)
sarcous element in the middle. K.'s glands. [1].
Acinous glands found in the conjunctiva near the
fornix, especially of the upper lid. K.'s muscle.

[1]. The coracocervicalis muscle. K.'s nerve. [1].
The ulnar collateral branch of the musculospiral nerve
that descends along with the ulnar nerve and enters
the lower short fibers of the inner head of the tri-
ceps. K.'s respiratory tract. [2]. The solitary fasci-
cle of the oblongata. K.'s valve. [1]. See Beraud's
valve. K.'s ventricle. [1]. The terminal ventricle
of the spinal cord.

kreatin (kre'-at-in). See creatin.

kreatinin (kre-at'-in-in). See creatinin.

krelos (Jkre'-los). Trade name of a disinfectant
said to be a solution of cresols and rosin soap.

kreolin (kre'-o-lin). See creolin.

kreosolid (kre-o-sol'-id). See creosote-magnesia.

kreotoxicon (kre-o-toks'-ik-on) [icpkas, meat; to^ikov,
poison]. A general term for the active agent in
poisonous meat.

kreotoxin (kre-o-toks'-in). Any basic poison gener-
ated in meat by bacteria.

kreotoxism (kre-o-toks'-izm) [see kreotoxicon].
Poisoning by infected meat.

kreozonal (kre-o-zo'-nal). Ozonized oil of tar for
external use in skin diseases.

kreplinum (krep'-li-num). A proprietary cosmetic
said to be quillaya bark in dilute (25 per cent.)
alcohol to which is added oil of rosemary, lavender,
or other perfuming oils.

kresamine (kres'-am-en). See ethylenediamine-
tricresol.

kresaprol (kres'-ap-rol). See cresin.

kresin (kre'-sin). See cresin.

kresoform (kres'-o-form). A condensation-product
of formaldehyde and creosote.

kresofuchsin (kres-o-fook'-sin). An amorphous
powder of gray-blue color. It is soluble in acetic
acid and acetone, less readily but quite soluble in
alcohol, only very slightly so in water. The alcoholic
solution appears blue, the aqueous red. It is used
as a histological stain.

Kretzschmann's space (kretsh'-man). A small
pocket in the attic of the middle ear situated below
Prussak's space.

Kreysig's sign (kri'-zig) [Friedrich Ludwig Krey-
sig, German physician, 1770-1839]. Retraction of
the epigastrium and the contiguous portion of the
false ribs with each systole, in adherent pericar-
dium.

Krishaber's disease (kres-hah-bair') [Maurice
Krishaber, French physician, 1836-1883]. A neu-
rosis resembling neurasthenia, and characterized by
a rapid onset, predominant cerebral symptoms
(insomnia, vertigo, etc.), neuralgia, and circulatory
disturbances. Syn., neuropathie cerebrocardiaque.

Krisowski's sign (kre-sof'-ske). Radiating lines
about the mouth, and the union of the hard palate
with the posterior pharyngeal wall by fibrous tissue;
found in congenital syphilis.

kristallin. See cristallin.

Kroenlein's hernia (kren'-lln) [Rudolf Ulrich
Kroenlein, Swiss surgeon, 1847-1910]. Preperito-
neal inguinal hernia.

Kronecker's inhibitory center (kron'-ek-er) [Hugo
Kronecker, Swiss physiologist, 1839-1914]. A point
in the interventricular septum, puncture of which
causes incoordinate fibrillary contractions of the
heart. K.'s solution, a 5 per cent, solution of sodium
chloride with sodium carbonate used in the micro-
scopical examination of fresh tissues.

kronethyl (kron-eth'-il). An ethereal extract of
Chinese cantharides. Applied in gout and neuralgia,
6-10 drops on a wet bandage.

krymotherapy. See crymotherapy.

kryofine (kri'-o-fen). Phenetidin methylglycolate,
a condensation-product of paraphenetidin and
methylglycolic acid. It is antipyretic and anti-
neuralgic Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.).

kryoscopy. See cryoscopy.

kryptidin (kript'-id-in) [kpv-ktov, concealed], C11-
H12N. A base from coal-tar. Syn., cryptidin.

krypto- (krip'-to-). See crypto.

krypton (krip'-ton) [upvirrbs, hidden]. A gaseous
element found by Ramsay in liquefied air. See
elements, table of.

krystallose (kris'-lal-os). Sodium saccharinate.

kubisagari, kubisgari (koo-bis-ah-gah'-re, koo-bis-
gah'-re). An endemic paralytic vertigo which prevails
in Japan.

Kuehne's muscle-spindles (ke'-ner) [Willy Kuh-
ne, German histologist, 1837-1900]. Peculiar, fusi-
form enlargements occurring at the entrance of certain

KUELZ'S CASTS

493

KYTOPLASM

nerves into a muscle-bundle. K.'s muscular phe-
nomenon. See Porret's phenomenon.

Kuelz's casts. Very short, generally hyaline, but
sometimes granular, casts, occurring at the onset
and during the course of diabetic coma, disappearing
with the coma, and considered by Kulz as diagnostic
of impending coma.

Kuemmell's disease (kim'-el) [Hermann Kuemmell,
German surgeon, 1852- ]. Traumatic spondylitis.
K.'s kyphosis. Kyphosis resulting from trauma, but
in which the symptoms are delayed.

Kuester's sign (kes'-ter) [Otto Ernst Kuester,
German gynecologist, 1850- ]. The presence of
a cystic tumor in the median line anterior to the
uterus, disclosed by palpation and inspection; usually
indicates ovarian dermoids.

Kuestner's law. Torsion of the pedicle of an
ovarian tumor takes place toward the right if the
tumor is left-sided, and toward the left if it is right-
sided.

Kuhn's tube (kun). A flexible tube containing a
spiral of steel wire, which moves freely within the
metal elastic tube, and terminates in a knob. It is
used as a duodenal or intubation tube.

Kuhnt's spaces {koont') [Hermann Kuhnt, German
ophthalmologist, 1850- ]. The recesses of the
posterior chamber; a series of radial spaces which
communicate anteriorly with the posterior chamber
of the eye and contain aqueous humor.

kumbecephalic, kumbokephalic (kum-be-sef-al'-ik,
kum-bo-kef-al'-ik). See cymbocephalic.

kumiss, kumyss {koo'-mis) [Tartar, kumiz, fer-
mented mares' milk]. An alcoholic drink originally
made by the fermentation of mares' milk. At
present cows' milk is used in making it.

von Kupffer's cells (koop'-fer) [Karl Wilhelm von
Kupffer, German anatomist, 1829- ]. Stellate
endothelial cells of the liver-capillaries having a large
round or ovoid nucleus and frequently containing
pigmentary matter.

Kurloff's bodies (koor'-lof) [Mikhail Georgiyevitch
Kurloff, Russian physician]. Nucleoids or inclusion
bodies of unknown significance, found in the large
mononuclear leukocytes of the guinea pig.

Kussmaul's aphasia (koos'-mowl) [Adolf Kuss-
maul, German physician, 1822-1902]. Voluntary
mutism, simulating aphasia, which sometimes affects
the insane, particularly paranoiacs, with mystic
ideas. K.'s coma, diabetic coma. K.'s disease,
acute anterior poliomyelitis; acute atrophic spinal
paralysis. K.'s paradoxic pulse, a pulse which be-
comes weaker or disappears during deep inspiration;
it is observed in cases of adherent pericardium and
mediastinal adhesions or tumor. K.'s respiration,
the deep, labored respiration of diabetic coma. K.'s
symptom, swelling of the cervical veins during inspira-
tion in adherent pericardium and mediastinal
tumor.

Kussmaul-Landry's paralysis. See Landry's par-
alysis.

kusso (koo'-so). See cusso.

kuttarasome (kut-ar'-as-om) [Kvrrapos, any hollow
cavity; a&fia, body]. A body found by Ira van
Gieson at the neck of the cone of the retina, composed
of a series of parallel bars presenting a gridiron appear
ance. The bars had lateral anastomoses and at the
top joined in a semicircular manner.

ky anopsia {ki-an-op' -se-ah) . See cy anopsia.

kyestein {ki-es'-te-in) [nvelv, to be pregnant; icrdris,
a garment]. A filmy deposit upon decomposing
urine, once thought to be diagnostic of pregnancy.

kyllopodia (kil-o-po' -de-ah) [avWbs, twisted; irovs,
foot]. See club-foot.

kyllosis (kil-o'-sis) [wAAos, twisted]. Same as
club-foot.

kymograph, kymographion (ki'-mo-graf, ki-mo-
graf-e-on) [mpa, a wave; ypafoiv, to write]. An
instrument for reproducing graphically the variations
in blood-pressure.

kymoscope (ki'-mo-skop) [kvhcl, a wave; aKowelv,
to inspect]. A device used in the observation and
study of the blood-current.

kynocephalous (ki-no-sef'-a-lus). See cynocepha-
lous.

kynophobia (ki-no-fo'-be-ah). See Gynophobia.

kynurin (ki-nu'-rin). See cynurin.

kyphoscoliorachitic (ki-fo-sko-le-o-rak-it'-ik). Ky-
phoscoliotic.

kyphoscoliosis (ki-fo-sko-le-o'-sis) [kyphosis; scoli-
osis]. Kyphosis combined with scoliosis.

kyphoscoliotic (ki-fo-sko-le-ot'-ik) [see kyphoscoli-
osis]. Characterized by or pertaining to kypho-
scoliosis.

kyphosis (ki-fo'-sis) [ki>4>03<tis, humpbacked].
Humpback. Angular curvature of the spine, the
prominence or convexity turned dorsad.

kyphotic (ki-fot'-ik) [kyphosis]. Relating to, of
the nature of, or affected with kyphosis.

kyphotone (ki'-fo-ton) [ku<£6s, a crookedness; tovos,
a brace]. An apparatus for the forcible reduction
of deformity in Pott's disease.

kyrtometric {kir-to-met'-rik) [xupros, curved; fierpov,
a measure]. Relating to the measurements of the
body-curves. Syn., cyrtometric.

kysthitis (kis-thi'-tis) [kv<t8os, a hollow; ins, in-
flammation]. Vaginitis.

kysthoproptosis (kis-tho-prop-to'-sis) [icvaOos, a
hollow; irp67rTuai.s, a falling forward]. Prolapse of
the vagina.

kysthoptosis (kis-thop-to'-sis). Preferred term for
kysthoproptosis.

kysto- (kis'-to-). See cysto-.

kystoma (kis-to'-mah). See cystoma.

kythemolytic (ki-them-o-lit'-ik) [/euros, cell; alfia,
blood; Averts, solution]. Pertaining to, characterized
by, or causing, the destruction of blood-cells.

kytomitome (ki-tom'-it-6m) [/euros, cell; fiiros,
thread]. The network in the body of the nucleus of
the cell.

kytoplasm (ki'-to-plazm). See cytoplasm.

L. Abbreviation for Latin, for limes, a boundary
or threshhold (see L+, and Lo).

1. Abbreviation of left, of libra, a pound, of liter,
of lethal.

Lo. Ehrlich's symbol for the quantity of toxic
bouillon which is completely neutralized by one
antitoxin unit.

L+. Ehrlich's symbol for the minimum quantity
of toxic bouillon which will kill an experimental
animal.

La. Chemical symbol of lanthanum.

lab, lab-ferment. The ferment of rennet, pro-
ducing coagulation of milk.

Labarraque's solution (lab-ar-ak') [Antoine Ger-
main Labarraque, French chemist, 1777-1850]. A
solution of sodium carbonate, 10; chloride of lime, 8;
water, 100; it is a disinfectant. Liquor soda? chlori-
nate.

Labbe's vein (lab-a') [Leon Labbe~, French surgeon,
1832- ]. The anastomotic vein that extends
from the lateral sinus to Trolard's vein or to the
superior longitudinal sinus.

labdacism (lab'-das-izm). Same as lambdacism.

labdanum (lab'-dan-um). See ladanum.

labia (la'-be-ah) [L.: plural of labium, lip]. The
lips. 1. majora, two cutaneous folds from the mons
Veneris to the perineum. 1. minora, the nymphae,
q. v.

labial (la'-be-al) [labium, a lip]. Pertaining to the
iips or to a labium.

labialism (la'-be-al-izm) [labium, a lip]. The
tendency to pronounce any articulate sounds as if
they were labials; the addition of a labial or labio-
dental quality to an articulate sound.

labidometer (lab-id-om'-et-er) [XajSts, forceps;
fikrpov, a measure]. A forceps for measuring the
fetal head in the pelvis.

labile (lab'-il) [labi, to glide]. 1. Gliding to and
fro : applied to an electric current when the electrode
is moved from place to place over the skin. 2. In
chemistry, unstable. 1. elements of the body,
epithelial and connective tissue cells, in contradis-
tinction to muscle and nerve cells.

lability (la-bil'-i-te) [labile]. 1. In electrothera-
peutics, the quality of being labile. 2. Instability.

labimeter (lab-im'-et-er). Same as labidometer.

labio- (la-be-o-) [labium, lip]. A prefix meaning
pertaining to the lip.

labioalveolar (la-be-o-al-ve'-o-lar) [labio-; alveolus,
a small hollow]. Pertaining to the lip and to one
or more dental alveoli.

labiochorea (la-be-o-ko-re'-ah) [labio-; xopeto,
dancing]. A choreic affection of the lips and the
stammering that results from it.

labiodental (la-be-o-den'-tal) [labio-; dens, a tooth].
Pertaining to the lips and the teeth.

labioglossolaryngeal (la-be-o-glos-o-lar-in'-je-al) [la-
bio-; y\<L<T<ra, tongue; larynx]. Pertaining conjointly
to lips, tongue, and larynx. 1. paralysis. See
paralysis, bulbar.

labioglossopharyngeal (la-be-o-glos-o-far-in'-je-al)
[labio-; y\r„<raa, tongue; pharynx]. Pertaining con-
jointly to lips, tongue, and pharynx.

labiograph (la'-be-o-graf) [labio-; ypa<peiv, to
write]. An instrument for recording the labial
movements in speaking.

labiomancy (la-be-o-man'-se) [labio-; navrda,
divination]. The faculty of understanding what is
said by observing the motions of the lips in speech,

labiomental (la-be-o-men'-tal) [labio-; mentum.
chin]. Relating to lip and chin.

labiomycosis (la-be-o-mi-ko'-sis) [labio-; mycosis].
Any affection of the lips due to fungal origin.

labionasal (la-be-o-na'-sal) [labio-; nasus, nose].
Labial and nasal; pertaining to lip and nose.

labiopalatine (la-be-o-pal'-at-in) [labio-; palatum
palate]. Relating to lip and palate in common.

labioplastis (la-be-o-plas'-tik) [labio-; ir\a.<T<reiv,

to form]. Pertaining to an operation for restoring
the lip, after injury or partial destruction of the same;
cheiloplastic.

labioplasty (la-be-o-plas'-te) [labio-; 7rXA<r<reij>, to
form]. Plastic surgery of the lips. Cheiloplasty.

labiotenaculum (la-be-o-ten-ak'-ii-lum) [labio-; ten-
aculum, a holder]. An instrument for holding the
lips or labia in a position required for examination
or operation.

labitome (lab'-it-om) [Xa/3«, forceps; 7-0/417, cutting].
Cutting-forceps.

labium (la'-be-um) [L.; pi., labia]. A lip. 1.
cerebri, the margin of the cerebral hemisphere which
overlaps the callosum. 1. majus, 1. pudendi majus,
one of two folds of skin of the female external genital
organs, arising just below the mons Veneris, surround-
ing the vulval entrance, and meeting at the anterior
part of the* perineum. 1. minus, 1. pudendi minus,
the nympha; one of two folds of mucous membrane
at the inner surfaces of the labia majora. 1. tym-
panicum, the portion of the lamina spiralis forming
the lower border of the sulcus spiralis, labia urethrae,
the lateral margins of the external urinary meatus.
1. vestibulare, the overhanging extremity of the
lamina spiralis that forms the upper part of the
sulcus spiralis.

lablab (lab' -lab). The genus Dolichos. 1. seeds,
the seeds of Dolichos lablab; used as food and also
as a stomachic and antiperiodic.

labor (la'-bor) [L., "work"]. Parturition; the
bringing forth of young. 1., artificial, that effected
or aided by other means than the forces of the
maternal organism. 1., dry, that in which there is a
deficiency of the liquor amnii, or in which there has
been a premature rupture of the bag of waters. 1.,
induced, labor brought on by artificial means. 1.,
instrumental, one requiring instrumental means to
extract the child. 1., mechanism of, the mechanism
by which a fetus and its appendages traverse the
birth-canal and are expelled. 1., missed, retention
of the dead fetus in the uterus beyond the period of
normal gestation, l.-pains, the pains consequent
upon the contractions of the uterus during labor.
1., postponed, delayed beyond nine months. 1.,
precipitate, labor in which the expulsion of the
fetus and its appendages takes place with undue
celerity. 1., premature, labor taking place before
the normal period of gestation, but when the fetus is
viable. 1., protracted, labor prolonged beyond the
usual limit (10-20 hours in primipara?, 2-6 hours in
multiparas). 1., spontaneous, that requiring no
artificial aid. 1., stages of, arbitrary divisions of the
period of labor — the first begins with dilatation of the
os and ends with complete dilatation; the second ends
with the expulsion of the child; the third (placental)
consists in the expulsion of the placenta.

laboratory (lab'-or-a-to-re) [Ifiborare, to work]. A
room or place designed for experimental scientific
work.

Laborde's method of artificial respiration (lab-ord')
[Jean Baptiste Vincent Laborde, French physician,
1830-1903]. The tongue is seized either by forceps
or with thumb and finger, and rhythmical tractions
are made in order to stimulate the respiratory center.

labordin (lab-or'-din). See analgen.

labrum (la'-brum) [L., a lip-edge, margin: pi.,
labra]. In biology, a lip-like structure, usually the
upper, when two ' are present, the lower being the
labium. 1. cartilagineum, 1. glenoideum, 1. glenoidale,
the cartilaginous edge or border of a cavity forming
part of an articulation; as the fibrous ring bordering
the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

labyrinth (lab'-ir-inth) [Xafivpivdos, a maze]. 1. A
name given to the series of cavities of the internal
ear, comprising the vestibule, cochlea, and the
semicircular canals. 2. The parts of the cortex of
the kidney between the medullary rays. See kidney.
1., bony. See /., osseous. 1., cortical, the tortuous

LABYRINTHAL

495

LACTOL

tubules and blood-vessels in the intervals of the cortex
of the kidney. 1., ethmoid, 1., olfactory, the lateral
portions of the ethmoid bone. 1., membranous, the
membranous cavity within the osseous labyrinth,
from which it is partly separated by the perilymph.
1., osseous, the bony portion of the internal ear.

labyrinthal, labyrinthic, labyrinthine (lab-er-in'-
thal, lab-er-in'-thik, lab-er-in'-thin) [labyrinth]. Per-
taining to a labyrinth. 1. vertigo. See Meniere's
disease.

labyrinthitis (lab-ir-in-thi'-tis) [labyrinth; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the labyrinth; otitis
interna. 1., primary. See Voltolini's disease.

labyrinthus {lab-ir-in' -thus) [L.: pi., labyrinthi].
A labyrinth.

lac (lak) [L.]. Milk. 1. sulphuris, milk of sulphur,
or precipitated sulphur.

laccase [laccol; suffix ase]. An oxidizing ferment
or diastase present in many plants, and capable of
oxidizing laccol and other aromatic substances. It
changes the colorless sap of the Japanese lac-tree by
oxidation to black Japanese lacquer.

lacerable (las' -ur-a-bl) [lacerare, to tear]. Liable
to become torn; capable of being torn.

lacerated (las'-er-a-ted) [L., lacerare, to tear].
Torn.

laceration (las-er-a'-shun) [lacerare, to tear]. A
tear. 1. of perineum, a tearing through the wall
separating the lower extremity of the vagina and
rectum, occurring occasionally during child-birth.

lacerator (las'-er-a-tor) [lacerare, to tear]. An
instrument used in effecting surgical laceration.

lacerti, lacertuli cordis. See columnce carnece.

lacertus (las-er'-tus) [L.]. i. The muscular part
of the arm from the shoulder to the elbow. 2. A
muscle or fibrous fascicle. 1. fibrosus, an aponeurotic
band from the biceps-tendon to the fascia of the
forearm; semilunar or bicipital fascia.

lachesis (lak'-e-sis) [Xaxevis, destiny, fate], i. A
genus of venomous South American reptiles. 2. The
venom of L. mutus (the bushmaster snake]), and also
a homeopathic preparation of the poison.

lachrymal (lak'-rim-al). See lacrimal.

laciniate (las-in'-e-dt) [lacinia, a flap]. Jagged,
fringed; cut into narrow flaps.

lacmoid (lak' -moid). A compound of resorcin and
sodium nitrite, used in alkalimetry.

lacmus (lak'-mus) . See litmus.

lacrimal (lak'-rim-al) [lacrima, a tear]. Pertaining
to the tears or to the organs secreting and conveying
the tears. 1. apparatus, the lacrimal gland, ducts,
canal, sac, and nasal duct. 1. artery, the first branch
of the ophthalmic artery, supplying the gland. 1.
bone, a bone upon the nasal side of the orbit, articu-
lating with the frontal, the ethmoid, and superior
maxillary bones, in which begin the lacrimal groove
and nasal duct. 1. canals, 1. canaliculi, superior and
inferior, extend from the lacrimal punctum to the
sac, and serve to convey the excess of tears from the
eye to the nose. 1. caruncle. See caruncle, lacrimal.
1. ducts, 7 to 14 ducts extending obliquely from the
gland to the fornix conjunctivae, carrying the tears
to the conjunctival surface of the eyeball. 1. fistula,
a fistula communicating with a lacrimal duct. 1.
fossa, a depression at the upper and outer angle of
the orbit. 1. gland, the gland secreting the tears,
situated in a depression of the frontal bone. 1. lake,
the inward prolongation of the palpebral fissure of
the eyelids. 1. papilla. See papilla, lacrimal. 1.
probe, a probe for exploring or dilating the canaliculi
and nasal duct. 1. puncta, the minute orifices of the
canaliculi upon the eyelids near the inner canthus.
1. sac, a saccular enlargement of the upper part of
the nasal duct, into which the canaliculi empty.
1. style, a probe used in stricture of the nasal duct.

lacrimation (lak-rim-a' -shun) [see lacrimal]. An
excessive secretion of tears.

lacrimatome (lak-rim'-at-om) [lacrima, tear; 1-0/117,
cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in dilating the
nasal duct or the canaliculi; a syringotome.

lacrimotomy (lak-rim-ot'-o-me) [lacrima, tear; roy.i\,
cutting]. The division of strictures of the lacrimal
passages.

lactaciduria (lak-tas-id-u'-re-ah) [lactic acid; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of lactic acid in the urine.

lactagogue (lak'-tag-og). See galactagogue.

lactagol (lak'-ta-gol). Trade name of a galacta-
gogue, made from cotton-seed.

lactalbumin (lak-tal-bu'-min) [lac; albumin]. A
protein contained in milk; it resembles serum-

albumin, and coagulates at a temperature of from
700 to 8o° C.

lactamide (lak'-tam-id) [lac, milk; amide], C3H7NO2.
A substance formed by the union of ethyl lactate and
ammonia.

lactampoule (lak'-tam-pool) [lac; ampoule]. A
culture of the true Bulgarian bacillus especially
designed for souring milk with the optimum of
acidity.

lactant (lak'-tant) [lactare, to suckle]. Suckling.

lactase (lak'-tds). A soluble enzyme found in the
animal body which hydrolyzes lactose.

lactate (lak' -tat). A salt of lactic acid.

lactation (lak-ta'-shun) [lactare, to suckle]. 1.
Suckling; the period during which the child is nour-
ished from the breast. 2. The formation or secre-
tion of milk.

lacteal (lak'-te-al) [lac]. 1. Pertaining to milk.
2. Any one of the lymphatics of the small intestine
that take up the chyle.

lactein (lak'-te-in) [lac, milk]. Same as lactolin.

lactescence (lak-tes'-ens) [lactescere, to turn to
milk]. Milkiness (often applied to the chyle).

lactescent (lak-tes'-ent) [lactescere, to turn to
milk]._ Milky, or secreting a milk sap or fluid.
_ lactic (lak'-tik). Pertaining to milk or its deriva-
tives. 1. acid. See acid, lactic. 1. acid, test for.
See Uffelmann. 1. fermentation, the souring of
milk.

lactiferous (lak-tif'-er-us) [lac; ferre, to carry].
Conveying or secreting milk. 1. ducts, the ducts of
the mammary gland. 1. glands, the mammary
glands.

lactific (lak-tif'-ik) [lac, milk; facer e, to make].
Producing milk.

lactiform (lak'-tif-orm) [lac, milk; forma, form].
Resembling milk.

lactifuge (lak'-tif-uj) [lac; fugare, to drive away].
1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A drug or
agent that causes a lessening in the secretion of milk

lactigenous (lak-tij'-en-us) [lac; yewav, to pro-
duce]. Milk-producing.

lactigerous (lak-tij'-er-us). See lactiferous.

lactin (lak' -tin). See lactose.

lactinated (lak'-tin-a-ted). Containing lactose.

lactiphagous (lak-tif'-ag-us) [lac, milk; <payelv, to
eat]. Consuming milk.

lactipotous (lak-tip'-o-tus) [lac, milk; potare, to
drink]; Milk-drinking.

lactis (lak'-tis) [gen. of lac, milk]. Pertaining to
milk. 1. redundantia, an excessive flow of milk.
1. retentio, suppression of the flow of milk.

lactivorous (lak-tiv' -or-us) [lac; vorare, to devour].
Subsisting on milk.

lacto- (lak-to-) [lac, milk]. A prefix denoting
relation to milk.

lactobacilline (lak-to-bas' -il-en) . A preparation of
lactic-acid bacilH used to cause lactic-acid fermenta-
tion, or to counteract intestinal putrefaction.

lactobutyrometer (lak-to-bu-tir-om'-et-er) [lac, milk;
povTvpov, butter; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument
used in estimating the proportion of butter in milk.

lactocele (lak'-to-sel). See galactocele.

lactocholin (lak-to-kol'-in) [lac, milk; x°Xi?. bile].
A substance obtained from an aqueous solution of
cholin by prolonged heating.

lactochrome (lak'-to-krom) [lacto-; xp^m^, color],
CeHisNOe. An alkaloidal substance from milk.

lactocin (lak'-to-sin). A sedative and hypnotic
obtained from the juice of Lactuca virosa. Dose
1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.).

lactocrit (lak'-to-krit) [lac, milk; Kpir-qs, a judge].
An apparatus for testing the quantity of fatty sub-
stance in a sample of milk.

lactodensimeter (lak-to-den-sim'-et-er) [lac, milk;
densus, dense; p.krpov, measure]. A variety of lacto-
meter.

lactoglobulin (lak-to- glob' -u-lin) [lacto-; globulin].
One of the proteins of milk.

lactoglucose (lak-to-gloo'-kos) [lac, milk; y\vKi>s.
sweet]. A saccharine substance, produced in the
fermentation-fluid along with galactose. It is
probably the same as glucose.

lactoglycose (lak-to-gW -kos) [lacto-; yXvKvs, sweet].
A dry powder prepared from Mellin's food and
milk, free from starch, and with the casein mechani-
cally broken up.

lactol (lak'-tol), C10H7O . OC . CH(OH)CH3, beta-
naphthol lactate, an intestinal antiseptic used as a
substitute for benzonaphthol. It is decomposed in

LACTOLA

496

LAFAYETTE MIXTURE

the intestine into lactic acid and naphthol. Dose
35-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.). Syn., lactonaphthol.

lactola (lak-to'-lah). A factitious milk made from
skimmed milk, sugar, and a slight percentage of
cotton-seed oil.

lactolin (lak'-to-lin) [lac, milk; oleum, oil]. Con-
densed milk.

lactometer (lak-tom'-et-er) [lacto-; nerpov, a measure].
An instrument for determining the specific gravity of
milk.

lactonaphthol (lak-to-naf'-thol). See lactol.

lactone (lak'-ton), CioHsCu. 1. An aromatic,
colorless, inflammable fluid, obtained in the dry
distillation of lactic acid. 2. Trade name of lactic acid
bacilli tablets.

lactopeptin (lak-to-pep'-tin). The proprietary
name for a mixture of pepsin, diastase, and pancre-
atin with lactic acid and hydrochloric acid.

lactophenin (lak-to-fen' -in) [lacto-; <t>olvi%, purple
red]. A. derivative of phenetidin with lactic acid.
It is a white powder used as an antipyretic and
analgesic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.).

lactophosphate (lak-to-fos'-fat) [lacto-; phosphate].
A salt composed of a base united to lactic and phos-
phoric acid.

lactoprotein (lak-to-pro'-te-in) [lacto-; protein].
A protein said to exist in milk.

lactoscope (lak'-to-skop) [lacto-;, aicoweiv, to ex-
amine]. An instrument for estimating the propor-
tions of water and fat-globules in milk.

lactose (lak'-tos) [lac], CuHnOu +H2O. Milk-
sugar (saccharum lactis, U. S. P.) : a sugar found in
the milk of mammals, and at times in the urine of
nursing women. It forms white, hard, rhombic
crystals, soluble in water, and has a sweetish taste.
Its chief use is as a vehicle. Syn., lactin.

lactoserum (lak-to-se'-rum) [lacto-; serum, whey].
I. The whey of milk. 2. The blood-serum of an
animal inoculated with the milk of another animal,
whereby the serum is rendered capable of precipi-
tating casein in the milk of the variety used in the
inoculation.

lactosin (lak'-to-sin), C3SH62O31. A crystallizable
polysaccharide.

lactosomatose (lak-to-so'-mat-os). A powder,
consisting of the albuminous principles of milk com-
bined with 5 % of tannic acid; used in gastrointestinal
disorders. Dose 1-3 teaspoonfuls.

lactosuria (lak-tos-u'-re-ah) [lactose; ovpov, urine].
The presence of lactose in the urine.

lactotoxin (lak-to-toks'-in) [lac, milk; to£ik6i>,
poison]. A poisonous substance found in milk.

lactovegetarian (lak-to-vej-e-ta'-re-an). Consisting
of milk and vegetables.

Lactuca (lak-tu'-kah) [L., "lettuce"]. A genus of
composite-flowered herbs, the lettuces. L. sativa
is the common garden lettuce. L. virosa is a Euro-
pean species, the source of lactucarium.

lactucarium (lak-tu-ka'-re-um) . The concrete milky
juice of Lactuca virosa. It contains a substance,
lactucin, to which its properties are thought to be
due, is sedative and anodyne, and has been used in
cough and nervous irritability. 1., syrup of (syrupus
lactucarii, U. S. P.). Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). 1., tincture
of (tinctura lactucarii, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

lactucerin (lak-tu'-ser-in) [lactuca, lettuce; cera,
wax]. A crystalline substance existing in lactucarium
q. v.

lactucerol (lak-lu'-ser-ol) [lactuca, lettuce; oleum,
oil], C36H60O2. A crystalline substance existing in
lactucerin; it occurs in two isomeric forms.

lactucin (lak-tu'-sin) [lactuca, lettuce]. A crystal-
lizable extractive of lettuce and of lactucarium.

lactucism (lak'-tu-sizm). Poisoning from over-
dosage of hypnotic preparations from species of
Lactuca. It is characterized by headache, dizziness,
dilatation of the pupils, ataxic gait, and dyspnea.

lactucol (lak'-tu-kol) [lactuca, lettuce], O3H20O.
A substance crystallizing in needles, formed when
lactucerin and potassium hydroxide are melted
together.

lactumen (lak-tu'-men) [lac, milk: pi., lactumina].
A synonym of Porrigo larvalis. Also, applied to that
form of aphtha? in which the spots have a fanciful
resemblance to clots of curd.

lactyl (lak'-til), C3H4O. A radical found in lactic
acid, l.-phenetidin. See lactophenin. l.-tropein,
CsHmNO . CO . CH(OH) . CH3. obtained from tropin
by action of lactic acid or ethyl lactate. It is a
cardiac tonic.

lacuna (la-ku'-nah) [lacus, a lake; pi., lacuna].
A little hollow space. A mucous or lymphatic
follicle. 1., absorption. See Howship's lacuna.
1. amatorum, the vertical groove in the center of the
upper lip. 1., bone. See bone. 1. of cementum,
spaces in the cement of the teeth analogous to those
in bone. 1. cerebri, the infundibulum of the brain.
1. of cornea, spaces between the laminae of the cornea.
1. Graafianae, Graafian follicles. 1., Haversian. See
bone. 1., Howship's. See Howship's l. 1. inter-
villous (of placenta), the spaces in the maternal por-
tion of the placenta filled with blood, and in which
the fetal villi hang. 1. labii superioris. See I.
amatorum. 1. laterales sinus superioris, depressions
along the groove of the superior longitudinal sinus.
1. magna, the largest of the orifices of the glands of
Littre, situated on the upper surface of the fossa
navicularis. 1. Morgagni. See Morgagni's I. 1.
pharyngis, a depression at the opening of the Eusta-
chian tube in the pharynx. 1. of tongue, the foramen
caecum. 1. of urethra, follicular depressions in the
mucous membrane of the urethra, most abundant
along the floor, especially in the region of the bulb.
Their mouths are directed forward.

lacunal (la-ku'-nal) [lacuna]. Pertaining to the
lacunae. 1. spaces, the irregular fissures between
the fasciculi of connective tissue, forming the be-
ginnings of the lymphatic vessels.

lacunar (la-ku'-nar) [lacuna], 1. Pertaining to
the lacunae, as lacunar tonsillitis. See tonsillitis,
lacunar. 2. See valve of Vieussens.

lacunose (la-ku'-nos) [lacuna]. The condition of
having pits, depressions, or spaces.

lacunosity (lak-u-nos'-it-e) [lacuna, a pit]. The
condition of having pits, depressions, or spaces.

lacunosoreticulate (la-ku-no-so-re-tik'-u-lat) [lacu-
na; reticulum, a network]. Both reticulate and
lacunose.

lacunosorugose (la-ku'-no-so-roo'-gos) [lacuna, pit,
hollow; ruga, a wrinkle]. Deeply pitted or wrinkled,
as the stone of a peach.

lacunula (lak-u'-nu-lah) [dim. of lacuna, a lake: pi.,
lacunulce]. A small or minute lacuna; an airspace,
such as is seen in a gray hair when magnified.

lacus (la'-kus) [L., "lake"]. A small hollow or
cavity in a tissue. 1. derivatibnis, one of the venous
spaces in the tentorium cerebelli communicating with
the superior longitudinal and lateral sinuses. 1. lacri-
malis, the space at the inner canthus of the eye, near
the punctum, in which the tears collect. 1. san-
guineus, the uteroplacental sinus.

ladanum (lad'-an-um). The concrete gummy and
resinous juice of various species of Cistus, growing in
the Mediterranean region; as C. ladaniferus, C.
creticus, C. salvifolius, C. cyprius, C. ledon, and
C. villosus. It is a greenish-gray solid, of bitter
taste, formerly in high esteem. It is now chiefly
used in making pastils for fumigation.

Ladendorff's test for blood (lad' -en-dor f) [August
Ladendorff, German physician]. Treat the liquid
with tincture of guaiacum and then with oil of
eucalyptus; in the presence of blood the upper layer
becomes violet and the lower layer blue.

ladol (la'-dol). Trade name of a preparation said
to be a hemostatic and uterine sedative.

ladrerie (lah-dra-re') [Fr.]. 1. See measles. 2.
Leprosy. 3. A leprosarium.

lady's bed-straw. Cheese-rennet. The herb
Galium verum, a refrigerant and diuretic. Dose,
fld.ext. 5 ss-j. l.'s slipper. See cypripedium.

Lady Webster's pills. Laxative pills of aloes and
mastic.

laemoparalysis (le-mo-par-al'-is-is). See lemo-
paralysis.

Laennec's catarrh (len-nek') [Rene Theophile
Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician, 1781-1826].
A form of asthmatic bronchitis with scanty, viscous,
"pearly" expectoration. See L.'s perles. L.'s cir-
rhosis, L.'s disease, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver;
hobnail liver. L.'s perles, roundish, gelatinous
masses forming the sputum in bronchial asthma.
L.'s rale, a modified subcrepitant rale due to mucus
in the bronchioles; it is heard in pulmonary emphy-
sema. L.'s thrombus, a globular thrombus formed in
the heart, especially when the heart is the seat of
fatty degeneration.

laev-, laevo- Qe'-vo). For words so commencing,

see lev-, levo-

Lafayette mixture (laf-a-et'). A mixture employed
in gonorrhea. It contains copaiba, cubeb, solution

LAGAM-BALSAM

497

LAMINA

of potassium hydroxide, sweet spirit of niter, and
is known also as the compound copaiba mixture.

lagam-balsam (lag'-am-bawl'-sam). A variety of
gurjun-balsam brought from Sumatra.

lagarous (lag'-ar-us) [kayapfc, lax]. Lax, loose, or
soft.

lagena (laj-e'-nah) [Xdywos, a flask, bottle; pi.,
lagence]. The flask-like extremity of the cochlea in
certain vertebrates. The third upper extremity of
the scala media.

lageniform (lai-en'-if-orm) [lagena, a flask; forma,
form]. Flask-shaped.

lagentomum (laj -en' -to-mum) [Xa-yws, hare; h>, in;
TOfiv. a putting]. Hare-lip. Cf. lagochilus.

lagmi {lag' -me). A fermented wine or liquor made
by the Arabs from the juice of the date-palm.

lagnea, lagneia (lag-ne'-ah, lag-ni'-ah) [Xayvela,
coition, lust], i. Same as satyriasis or nympho-
mania. 2. Coitus. 3. The semen.

lagnesis (lag-ne'-sis) \\ayvrjs, lewd]. Same as
satyriasis or nymphomania. 1. furor, unconquerable
lust.

lagnosis (lag-no' -sis). Same as lagnesis.

lagocephalous (lag-o-sef'-al-us) [Xdyajs, hare; Ke<pa\r),
head]. Having a head like a hare.

lagochilus, lagochilos (Jag-o-ki'-lus, lag-o-ki'-los)
[Kaydis, hare; xeiXos, lip]. Hare-lip. Cf. lagento-
mum.

lagophthalmic (lag-off -thai' -mik) [Xa-yws, hare;
bipddkubs, eye]. Pertaining to or affected with lagoph-
thalmos.

lagophthalmos (lag-of-thal'-mos) [XaYtos, hare;
6<l>0a\n6s, eye: from the popular notion that a hare
sleeps with open eyes]. A condition in which the
eyes cannot be closed.

Lagoria's sign (la-gor'-e-ah). Relaxation of the
extensor muscles in intracapsular fracture of the
neck of the femur.

lagostoma (lag-os'-to-mah) [Xcryws, hare; arSfia,
mouth]. See hare-lip. Cf. lagochilus and lagen-
tomum.

Lagrange's operation (la-grahnj') [Felix Lagrange,
French physician]. A combination of sclerectomy
and iridectomy performed in cases of glaucoma.

la grippe (lah-grip'). See influenza.

lag tooth. A delayed tooth. A name for the
molar or wisdom tooth.

L. A. H. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the
Apothecaries' Hall (of Dublin).

laibose (la' -bos). Trade name of a food said to
be composed of the solids of pure whole milk and the
entire digestible substance of whole wheat, in a dry
granular form.

laiose (la'-os). A body found by Leo in diabetic
urine in certain cases and regarded by him as a sugar.
Syn., Leo's sugar.

laity (la'-it-e) [Xaos, the people]. The non-pro-
fessional public.

lake-colored, laky [Fr., laque, rose-colored, from
Pers. lak]. Applied to blood that is dark red and
transparent from a solution of the hemoglobin in
the serum.

lakmoid, lacmoid (lak'-moid) [lac, milk; elSos, like].
A delicate reagent in alkalimetry, made by acting
on resorcin with sodium nitrate.

lalia (lal'-e-ah) [XaXi'a, talking]. Speech.

lallation (lal-a'-shun) [XdXos, prattle]. Any un-
intelligible stammering of speech, such as the prattling
of a babe.

Lallemand-Trousseau's bodies (lahl-mon(g)-troo-
so') [Claude Frangois Lallemand, French surgeon,
1790-1853; Armand Trousseau, French physician,
1801-1867]. Gelatinous masses found in the secre-
tion of the seminal vesicles.

lalling (lal'-ing) [lallare, to babble]. Lallation;
prattle; baby-talk.

laloneurosis (lal-o-nu-ro'-sis) [XdXos, prattle; neu-
rosis). An impairment of speech arising from spas-
modic action of the muscles. It includes stammering
and aphthongia.

lalopathy (lal-op'-ath-e) [XdXos, prattle; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Any disorder of speech.

lalophobia (lal-o-fo'-be-ah) [XdXos, prattle; 0d/3os,
fear]. Stutter-spasm, leading to or complicated
with a dislike of speaking.

laloplegia (lal-o-ple'-je-ah) [XdXos, talking; irXijyri,
a stroke]. Paralysis of speech, not due, however,
to paralysis of the tongue.

Lalouette's pyramid (lal-oo-ef) [Pierre Lalouette,
French physician, 1711-1742]. A prolongation of

the upper portion of the thyroid gland, generally
to the left of the median line; it is not constant.

lambda (lam'-dah) [XdM/SSa, the Greek letter A
or X]. The angle of junction of the sagittal and
lambdoid sutures.

lambdacism (lam'-das-izm) [KanffSaicurnos, a fault
in pronunciation of the letter lambda]. 1. Difficulty
in uttering the sound of the letter I. 2. Too frequent
use of the I sound, or its substitution for the r sound.

lambdoid, lambdoidal (lam'-doid, lam-doi'-dal)
[lambda; eI<5os, resemblance]. Resembling the Greek
letter X. 1. suture, the suture between the occipital
and the two parietal bones.

Lamblia intestinalis (lam'-ble-ah in-tes-tin-a' -lis) .
A flagellate protozoan parasite with a pear-shaped
body, found in the intestine of man and various
animals. Called also Cercomonas intestinalis, Dimor-
phus muris and Megastoma entericum.

lame (lam). Crippled; halting; limping.

lamel (lam-el') [lamella, dim. of lamina, a plate].
A medicated disc, made with some soluble basis;
it is used in the dosimetric application of drugs to the
eye, etc.

lamella (lam-el'-ah) [dim. of lamina, a plate].
1. Same as lamel. 2. A thin scale or plate. 1. of
bone, one of the concentric rings surrounding the
Haversian canals. 1., concentric, one of the plates
of bone surrounding the Haversian canal. 1., inter-
mediate, one of the plates filling the spaces between
the concentric layers of bone. 1., periosteal, 1.,
peripheral, a superficial lamella of bone lying under
the periosteum. 1., triangular, a fibrous layer con-
necting the choroid plexuses of the diacele. 1.,
vascular, the endochorion. 1., vitreous, the lamina
basalis of the choroid.

lamellar (lam-el'-ar). Having the nature of or
resembling a thin plate; composed of lamellae or
thin plates. 1. cataract. See cataract, lamellar.

lameness (lam'-nes) [ME., lame]. Limping; weak-
ness of a limb. 1., intermittent. See claudication,
intermittent.

laminage (lahm-in-ahzj') [Fr.]. Flattening; the
compression or flatwise crushing of the fetal head to
facilitate delivery.

laminal, laminar (lam'-in-al, lam'-in-ar) [lamina, a
layer]. Composed of lamina?; having the form of a
lamina. 1. tissue, a synonym of connective tissue.

lamine (la' -men) [lamium, the dead-nettle]. An
alkaloid from Lamium album. The sulphate is
used hypodermatically as a powerful hemostatic in
uterine and other internal hemorrhages.

lamina (lam'-in-ah) [L., "a plate or scale": pi.,
lamina]. A thin plate or layer. 1. affixa, the line
of union of the hemisphere with the thalamus.
1. basalis, a structureless membrane on the inner
surface of the lamina capillaris: Bruch's membrane.
1. basilaris, the decidua serotina. 1. choriocapillaris,
the inner layer of the choroid consisting of a capillary
plexus. 1. cinerea, the connecting layer of gray
matter between the corpus callosum and the optic
chiasm. 1., cribriform, the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid. '. cribrosa. 1. That portion of the
choroid which is perforated for the passage of the
optic nerve. 2. The fascia covering the saphenous
opening. 3. The anterior or posterior perforated
space of the brain. 4. The perforated plates of
bone through which branches of the cochlear or
auditory nerve pass. 1., dental, an epithelial sheet
formed by a flattening of the base of the dental band,
from which the buds forming the enamel-organs of
the teeth are given off. 1. denticulata, a cartilaginous
plate on the superior and external portion of the
osseous spiral lamina. 1. elastica anterior. See
Bowman's membrane. [1. elastica posterior. See
Descemet's membrane. 1., external elastic, the
innermost layer of the advent? tia, consisting of
fibers of elastic tissue blending externally with the
adventitia proper. 1. fusca, the pigmentary tissue
of the inner layer of the sclera, forming the outer
layer of the perichoroid sinus. 1. lateralis processus
pterygoidei, the externa Ipterygoid plate. 1. medialis
processus pterygoidei, the internal pterygoid plate.
1., muscle. See myocomma. 1., papyracea, the os
planum of the ethmoid. 1., periclaustral, a layer of
white matter between the claustrum and the cortex
of the insula. 1. perpendicularis, the vertical plate
of the ethmoid or mesethmoid. 1. propria, the middle
or fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. 1.
quadrigemina, the part of the midbrain from which
the corpora quadrigemina and the brachia are de-

LAMINAR

498

LANGERHANS' BODIES

veloped. 1., reticular, the hyaline membrane of the
inner ear, extending between the conjoined head of
Corti's rods and the supporting cells. 1. rostralis,
the thin continuation of the rostrum of the callosum
into the lamina cinerea. 1. spiralis, a thin plate in
the ear, osseous in the inner part and membranous
in the outer, which divides the spiral tube of the
cochlea into the scala tympani and the scala yesti-
buli. 1. spiralis secundaria, a short partition pro-
jecting from the cochlear wall in its lower part only.
1. suprachoroidea, the delicate connective-tissue
membrane uniting the choroid and sclerotic coats
of the eye. 1. vasculosa chorioidea, the layers of
large vessels and of capillaries of the choroid con-
sidered as one. 1. velamentosa, the organ of Corti.
1., vitreous, a homogeneous membrane covering the
inner surface of the choroid. Syn., membrane of
Bruch.

laminar (lam'-in-ar). See laminal.

Laminaria (lam-in-a'-re-ah) [lamina], i. A genus
of seaweeds of the order Laminariacece. 2. The stems
of L. cloustoni or L. digitata. 1. tent, a tent made of
the stem of the laminaria plant formerly used for
dilatation of the cervix uteri and other canals.

laminated (lam'-in-a-ted). See laminar.

lamination (lam-in-a'-shun) [lamina], i. Arrange-
ment in plates or layers. 2. An operation in em-
bryotomy consisting in cutting the skull in slices.

laminectomy (lam-in-ek'-to-me) [lamina; i/crow,
excision]. The operation of removing the posterior
vertebral arches.

laminiform (lam-in' -e-f or m) . See laminar.

laminitis (lam-in-i'-tis) [lamina, plate; wis, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the laminae, parti-
cularly the laminae of a horse's hoof; founder.

laminoids (lam'-in-oidz). Blaud's tablets, made in
two layers — one of ferrous sulphate and one of
sodium bicarbonate — united by pressure.

Lamium (la'-me-um) [L., "dead-nettle"]. A genus
of plants. L. album is a species furnishing the
alkaloid lamine.

lamnectomy (lam-nek' -to-me). Same as laminec-
tomy.

Lamotte's drops (lam-of). Ethereal tincture of
ferric chloride.

lampas (lam'-pas) [Fr., lampas, lampas]. A con-
gestive swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the
mouth, in the horse.

lampblack (lamp'-blak). A fine black substance,
almost pure carbon, made by burning coal-oils in
an atmosphere deficient in oxygen, or by allowing a
gas-flame to impinge on a cold surface.

lamprophonia, lamprophony (lam-pro-fo'-ne-ah,
lam-proff'-o-ne) [Kanwpos, sounding; (pwh, voice].
A sonorous, ringing quality of the voice.

lampsis (lamp'-sis) [Xaju^ts, a shining]. Splendor,
brilliancy.

lana (lan'-ah) [L.]. Wool.

lanain (lan'-a-in) [lana, wool]. Purified wool-fat.

Lancaster black-drop. Acetum opii; vinegar of
opium.

lance (lans) [lancea, a lance or spear], i. A
lancet. 2. To open, as with a lancet or bistoury.
1., Mauriceau's, a lance-shaped knife for opening the
fetal head in embryotomy.

Lancereaux's interstitial nephritis (lan-ser-o')
[Etienne Lancereaux, French physician, 1829-1910].
Interstitial nephritis due to rheumatism. L.'s law,
marantic thromboses always occur at the points where
there is the greatest tendency to stasis; that is, where
the influence of the cardiac propulsion and of thoracic
aspiration is least. L.'s treatment (in aneurysm of
the aorta), consists in subcutaneous injections of
serum gelatin.

lancet (lan'-set) [dim. of lancea, a lance]. A knife
having a double-edged, lance-shaped blade, for
incising tumors, abscesses, etc. 1., gum-, a small
lancet in which the cutting portion has a convex
edge and is at right angles to the shaft; it is used for
cutting the gums. 1., spring, one in which the
blade is thrust out by means of a spring controlled
by a trigger. 1., thumb, one with a double-edged,
broad blade.

lancinate (lan'-sin-at) [lancinare, to tear]. To
lacerate, to pierce, or tear.

lancinating (lan'-sin-a-ting) [lancinare, to tear].
Tearing; shooting. 1. pains, rending, tearing, or
sharply cutting pains, common in posterior spinal
sclerosis.

Lancisi, nerves of (lan-se'-ze) [Giovanni Maria

Lancisi, Italian physician, 1654-1720]. The striae
longitudinales. The mesial longitudinal striae situ-
ated on each side of the raphe of the corpus callosum.
L.'s sign, very feeble heart-beats, amounting to a
trembling of the heart, perceived by palpation in
grave myocarditis.

Landau's color test for syphilis (lan-do). A modi-
fication of Wassermann's reaction. The reagent
used is a 1 per cent, solution of iodine in carbon
tetrachloride. L.'s form of enteroptosis, enteroptosis
due to relaxation of the abdominal walls and pelvic
floor.

landmarks (land' -marks). Superficial marks (such
as eminences, lines, and depressions) that serve as
guides to, or indications of, deeper-seated parts.

Landolphi's or Landolfi's paste. A caustic appli-
cation composed of the chlorides of zinc, antimony,
bromine and gold, which is used pure, or weakened
by mixing with basilicon ointment in varying pro-
portions. It should be spread on the surface with
a spatula, or applied on charpie, and allowed to
remain for 24 or 48 hours. 1

Landolt's bodies (lan-doW) [Edmond Landolt,
French oculist, 1846- ]. Small, elongated,
clavate bodies lying between the rods and cones and
resting upon the outer nuclear layer of the retina.

Landolt's test for phenol. Treat the solution with
bromine water; a white, crystalline precipitate of
tribromphenol is produced.

Landouzy's disease (lahn-doo'-ze) |Louis Landouzy,
French physician, 1845- ]. Weil's disease, a. v.
L.'s ischialgia, neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, with
atrophy of the muscles of all or part of the affected
leg. L.'s purpura, a iorm of purpura with grave
systemic symptoms.

Landouzy-Dejerine:s type of progressive muscular
atrophy (lahn-doo'-ze-da-zjer-en') [Louis Landouzy,
French physician, 1845- ; Joseph Jules Dejerine,
French neurologist, 1849- ]. A form in which
there is atrophy of the muscles of the face and those
of the scapulohumeral group.

Landry's disease, L.'s paralysis (lahn'-dre) [Jean
Baptiste Octave Landry, French physician, 1826-
1865]. A form of paralysis characterized by loss
of motor power in the lower extremities, gradually
extending to the upper extremities and to the centers
of circulation and respiration without sensory mani-
festations, trophic changes, etc. Syn., acute ascend-
ing paralysis.

land-scurvy. Purpura haemorrhagica. See pur-
pura.

Landzert's fossa. A fossa in the peritoneal cavity
that is bounded behind by the parietal peritoneum
covering the psoas, the renal vessels, the ureter, and
a part of the left kidney, and below by the mesocolic
fold. Syn., paraduodenal fossa; recessus venosus.

Lane's kinks (Ian) [Sir William Arbuthnot Lane,
English surgeon]. Bends or twists of the intestine
at certain parts due to the upright position of the
body, and the descent of the cecum. L.'s operation.
Short-circuiting the large intestine, for chronic
obstruction, constipation or colitis; the lower end
of the ileum is anastomosed with the rectum;
ileosigmoidostomy.^

lanesin, lanessin (lan'-es-in) [lana, wool]. A~
proprietary preparation of wool-fat similar to
lanolin.

Lanfranc's collyrium. A stimulant application to
ulcers, containing aloes and myrrh, each. 5 parts;
acetate of copper, 10 parts; trisulphide of arsenic,
15 parts; rose-water, 380 parts, and white wine, 1000
parts.

Lang's fixative and hardening fluid. Mercuric
chloride, 5 parts; sodium chloride, 6 parts; acetic
acid, s parts; water 100 parts.

Lang's reaction for taurin. A white combination
appearing as a precipitate on boiling a solution of
taurin with freshly precipitated mercuric oxide.

Langer's axillary arch (lahng'-er) [Carl Ritter von
Edenberg von Longer, German anatomist, 1819-
1887]. The thickened border of fascia which forms
a bridge across the bicipital groove.

Langerhans' bodies (lahng'-er-hans) [Ernst Robert
Langerhans, German histologist, 1859-* ]. "1.
Certain modified epithelial cells forming the simplest
nerve endings. 2. See cells, centroacmar. L.'s
granular layer, the stratum granulosum; the layer of
epidermal cells above the rete mucosum. L., islands
of, little cellular masses in the interstitial connective
tissue of the pancreas, subject to various interpreta-

LANGHANS' CELLS

499

LAPARONEPH ROTOM Y

tions. L.'s stellate corpuscles. Terminations of
nerve fibers which have been observed in the rete
mucosum of the epidermis.

Langhans' cells (lahng'-hans) [Theodor Langhans,
German pathologist, 1839- ]. The polygonal
epithelial cells, with distinct nuclei and cell-walls,
constituting Langhans' layer. L.'s giant-cell, the
giant-cell of a tuberculous granuloma. L.'s layer,
the inner of the two layers of cells covering the
chorion; it is derived from the ectoderm.

Langier's apparatus (lon-je-a'). A form of im-
movable splint for a limb. It is composed of strips
of brown paper impregnated with starch-paste.
L.'s bandage, a many tailed paper bandage.

language (lang'-gwaj) [lingua, the tongue]. The
articulate sounds, signs, or symbols whereby thought
is communicated. 1., center for. See aphasia.

languor (lang'-gwor) [L., faintness]. Lassitude.
Disinclination to take bodily exercise, or to exert
oneself.

lanichol (lan'-ik-ol). A proprietary preparation
of wool-fat.

lanigallol (lan-e-gal'-ol). A triacetate of pyrogallic
acid.

lank. Lean, thin, attenuated.

laniol (lan'-e-ol) A proprietary wool-fat.

lannaiol (lan-a-i'-ol). An iodocresol proposed as a
substitute for iodoform.

Lannelongue's tibia {lan-e-long') [Odilon Marc
Lannelongue, French surgeon, 1840- ]. The
deformed tibia of inherited syphilis.

lanoform (lan'-o-form). An antiseptic preparation
of lanolin and 1 % of formaldehyde

lanolin (lan'-o-lin) [lana, wool; oleum, oil]. A
cholesterin fat (adeps lana, U. S. P.) obtained from
sheep's wool, and used as a basis for ointments.
l.-roUk, a mixture of lanolin, 10 parts; borax, 1 part;
rose-water, 100 parts, and medicated soap, 2.5 parts.
1. powder, lanolin combined with zinc oxide, mag-
nesium carbonate, and starch. 1., sulphurated,
thilanin.

lantanine {Ian' -tan-en). An alkaloid from Lantana
braziliensis. It is a white, bitter powder, used as an
antipyretic instead of quinine in intermittent fever.
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily.

Lantermann's incisions. Partial or complete inter-
ruptions of the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber
existing at irregular intervals in an interannular
segment. L.'s segments, the cylindrical or conical
segments of the medullary sheath between Lanter-
mann's incisions.

lanthanum, lanthanium (lan'-than-um, lan-tha'-
ne-um) [Xavdaveiv, to conceal; lanthanum was a
substance concealed from the knowledge of chemists].
A rare metallic element; symbol La, atomic weight,
139. Little is known of its medicinal properties.
See elements, table of.

lanthopine (lan'-tho-pen) [Xavdaveiv, to conceal],
C24H25NO4. A finely crystalline alkaloid of opium.
It occurs in white crystals fusible at 2000 C.

lanuginose, lanuginous (lan-u'-jin-os, lan-u'-jin-us)
[lanuginosus, wooly]. In biology, wooly, downy,
lanate, lanose, lanigerous.

lanugo (lan-u'-go) [L., "down"]. 1. The down-
like hair that appears upon the fetus at about the
fifth month of gestation. 2 The downy growth
often seen upon the face of women and girls.

lanulous {lan'-u-lus). Covered with short hair.

lanum da' -num.). See lanolin.

lapactic (lap-ak'-tik) [Xairclaaet.i>, to empty], 1.
Emptying; evacuant. 2. Any purgative substance.

lapara (lap'-ar-ah) [Xairapa, the flank, loins].
1. The loins; loosely applied to the abdomen. 2. Di-
arrhea.

laparacele (lap'-ar-as-el). See laparocele.

laparectomy (Jap-ar-ek'-to-me). See enter ectomy.

laparelytrotomy {lap-ar-el-it-rot'-o-me). Same as
laparo-elytrotomy.

laparo- (lap-ar-o-) [Xairapa, loins]. A prefix de-
noting pertaining to the abdomen; properly, referring
to the loin or flank. See celiotomy.

laparocele (lap'-ar-o-sel) [Xairapa, loin; Kr/Xij,
tumor]. Lumbar or abdominal hernia.

laparocholecystotomy (lap-ar -o-ko-les-is-tot' -o-me)
[Xairapa, loin; xoX-h, bile; marts, bladder; rop.ii, cutting].
Laparotomy conjoined with cholecystotomy.

laparoclysis (lap-ar-ok'-lis-is) ]Xawapa, loin; kXG<t«,
a drenching]. An injection into the peritoneal cavity.

laparocolectomy (lap-ar-o-ko-lek'-lo-me). Same as
colectomy.

laparocolostomy (lap-ar-o-ko-los'-to-me) [laparo- ;
kSXov, colon; arbp.a, mouth; rop.ii, a cutting]. Abdomi-
nal colostomy : the formation of a permanent opening
into the colon by incision through the abdominal
wall.

laparocolotomy (lap-ar-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [laparo-; ko-
Xov, colon; rop.it, a cutting]. Inguinal or abdominal
colotomy.

laparocolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pot'-o-me) See lap-
aro-elytrotomy.

laparocystectomy (lap-ar-o-sis-tek'-to-me) [laparo- ;
Kvaris, cyst; iKrop.ii, excision]. An operation per-
formed in advanced extra-uterine pregnancy for
removal of the fetus and the entire gestation-sac.

laparocystidotomy (lap-ar-o-sist-id-ot'-o-me). See
laparocystotomy.

laparocystotomy (lap-ar-o-sis-tot'-o-me) [laparo- ;
Kvans, cyst; rop.ii, a cutting]. 1. Suprapubic cysto-
tomy. 2. An operation in advanced extrauterine
pregnanes'- for the removal of the fetus, the sac
being allowed to remain.

laparocystovariohysterotomy (lap-ar-o-sisl-o-va-rc-
o-his-ter-ot'-o-me). Combined ovariotomy and hys-
terotomy through an abdominal incision.

laparoelytrotomy (lap-ar-o-el-it-rot'-o-me) [laparo- ;
eXvrpov, sheath; rop.ii, a cutting]. An operation con-
sisting in an incision over Poupart's ligament, dis-
secting up the peritoneum until the vagina is reached,
incising the latter transversely, dilating the cervix,
and extracting the child through the os uteri.

laparoenterostomy (lap-ar-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) [lap-
aro-; evrepov, intestine; arbp.a, mouth]. The forma-
tion of an artificial opening into the intestine through
the abdominal wall.

laparoenterotomy (lap-ar-o-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [lap-
aro-; evrepov, intestine; Top.ii, a cutting]. An opening
of the intestine through an abdominal incision.

laparogastrostomy (lap-ar-o-gas-tros'-to-me) [lap-
aro-; yaarijp, stomach; crbp-a, mouth]. The forma-
tion of a permanent gastric fistula through the
abdominal wall.

laparogastrotomy (lap-ar-o-gas-trqt'-o-me) [laparo-;
yaa-rijp, stomach; rop.ii, a cutting]/ The opening of
the stomach through an abdominal incision.

laparohepatotomy (lap-ar -o-hep-at-ot' -o-me) [lap-
aro-; tfirap, liver; rop.ii, a cutting]. Incision of the
liver through the abdominal wall.

laparohysterectomy (lap-ar o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [lap-
aro-; varkpa, womb; iKrop.ii- a. cutting out]. The
removal of the uterus through an incision in the
abdominal walls.

iaparohystero-oophorectomy (lap-ar-o-his-ter-o-o-
of-or-ek'-to-me) [laparo-; varkpa, womb; uo<t>bpos,
ovary; iicTop.ii, a cutting out]. Removal of the uterus
and ovaries through an incision in the abdominal
wall.

laparohysteropexy (lap-ar-o-his'-ter-o-peks-e) [lap-
aro-; varkpa, womb; irplis, a fixing in]. Ventrofixa-
tion.

laparohysterosalpingo-oophorectomy (lap-ar-o-his-
ter-o-sal-pin-go-o-of-or-ek'-to-me) [laparo-; varkpa,
womb; aaXiny£, tube; &o<pbpos, ovary; i/crop-ii, a cutting
out]. Excision of the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries
by the abdominal route.

laparohysterotomy {lap-ar -o-his-ter -of -o-me) [lap-
aro-; varkpa, uterus; rop.ii, a cutting]. The operation
of cutting into the uterus through an abdominal
incision, as for the purpose of removing a fetus.

laparoileotomy (lap-ar-o-il-e-ot'-o-me) [laparo-; ile-
um; Top.ii, a cutting]. The operation of cutting into
the ileum through an abdominal incision.

laparokelyphotomy (lap-ar-o-kel-if-ot'-o-me) [lap-
aro-; KkXv<pos, egg-shell; rop.ii, a cutting]. Same as
laparocystotomy.

laparokolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pot'-o-me). See lap-
aroelytrotomy.

laparomyitis (lap-ar-o-mi-i'-lis) [laparo-; pvs,
muscle; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
muscular portion of the abdominal wall.

laparomyomectomy (lap-ar-o-mi-o-mek'-to-me) [lap-
aro- ; nvs, muscle; iKrop.ii, a cutting out]. Removal of
a myoma through an abdominal incision.

laparomyotomy (lap-ar-o-mi-ot'-o-me). See laparo-
myomectomy.

laparonephrectomy (lap-ar-o-nef-rek'-to-me) [lap-
aro-; v&j>pbs, kidney; iKrop.ii, a cutting out]. Nephrec-
tomy by an incision in the loins.

laparonephrotomy (lap-ar-o-nef -rot' -o-me) [laparo-;
i>e<ppfc, kidney ; rop.ii, a cutting]. Nephrotomy through
an incision in the loins.

LAPARORRHAPHY

500

LARYNGOCATARRH

laparorrhaphy (lap-ar-or'-af-e) [laparo-; (>a<j>ij,
suture]. Suture of the abdominal wall.

laparosalpingectomy (lap-ar-o-sal-pin-jek'-to-me)
[laparo-; (rtihiriyi-, tube; £ktohti, a cutting out]. Re-
moval of a Fallopian tube through an abdominal
incision.

laparosalpingo-oophorectomy (lap-ar-o-sal-ping-go-
o-of-o-rek'-to-me). The removal of the ovaries and
oviducts by an incision through the abdomen.

laparosalpingotomy (lap-ar-o-sal-pin-got'-o-me) [lap-
aro-; <r6.\inyt, tube; ronv, a cuttingl. i. Cutting into
an oviduct through an abdominal incision. 2.
Laparosalpingectomy.

laparoscope (lap'-ar-o-skop) [laparo-; <ri<oireZv, to
examine]. An instrument for examining the ab-
domen.

laparoscopy (lap-ar-os'-ko-pe) [laparo-; aicoireiv,
to examine]. Examination of the abdomen by
instrumental means.

laparosplenectomy (lap-ar-o-splen-ek'-to-me) [lap-
aro-; <rir\7)v, spleen; £ktoht), a cutting out]. Removal
of the spleen through an abdominal incision.

laparosplenotomy (lap-ar-o-splen-ot'-o-me) [laparo-;
<Tir\i}v, spleen; ronv, a cutting]. Surgical entrance
upon the spleen through the abdominal walls.

laparotome (lap-ar-o-tom) [laparo-; rofiri, a cutting].
A cutting-instrument used in laparotomy.

laparotomist (lap-ar-ot'-o-mist) [see laparotomy].
A surgeon who performs laparotomies.

laparotomize (lap-ar-ot'-om-tz). To make an in-
cision in the abdominal wall ; to perform laparotomy;

laparotomy (lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [laparo-; roy.i), a cut-
ting]. 1. An incision through the abdominal wall;
celiotomy is the preferable term. 2. The operation
of cutting into the abdominal cavity through the
loin or flank.

laparotyphlotomy (lap-ar-o-tif-lot'-o-me). Synonym
of typhlotomy.

laparo-uterotomy (lap-ar-o-u-ter-oi'-o-me). Incision
of the uterus through the abdomen: laparohystero-
tomy.

laparovaginal {lap-ar-o-vaj'-in-al) [laparo-; vagina,
sheath]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the vagina.

laparozoster (lap-ar-o-zos'-tur). Zoster affecting
the abdomen.

lapathin {lap' -ath-iri) [Lapathum, the genus Rumex],
Chrysophanic acid.

lapaxis (lap-aks'-is) [X£7ra£is, evacuation]. Evacu-
ation.

lapilliform (lap-il'-i-form) [lapillus, a little stone;
forma, form]. Presenting the appearance of little
stones.

lapis (la' -pis) [L.]. A stone; an alchemic term
applied to any nonvolatile substance. 1. divinus,
aluminated copper. 1. imperialis, 1. lunaris, silver
nitrate. 1. infernalis, silver nitrate. 1. lazuli, a
beautiful blue stone of complex composition, formerly
employed as a purgative and emetic and in epilepsy.
1. mitigatus, diluted silver nitrate.

lappa (lap' -ah) [L.]. The root of the common
burdock, Arctium lappa, containing a bitter principle,
a resin, and tannin. It is aperient, diuretic, and
alterative, and has been employed in gout, scorbutus,
syphilis, and various skin diseases. The dose of the
root is 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); in infusion or tincture 10
min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 1., fluidextract of (fluid-
extr actum lappa, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr.
(2-4 Cc).

lapsus (lap'-sus) [labi, to fall]. A fall; ptosis.
1. palpebral superioris, ptosis of the eyelid. 1.
pilorum, alopecia. 1. unguium, falling of the nails.

laquear (lak'-we-ar) [L., "a fretted ceiling"; pi.,
laquearia]. 1. vaginae, the vaginal vault.

laqueus (lak'-we-us) [L., "a noose"]. 1. A noose-
shaped bandage. 2. See fillet (2).

larch. See larix.

lard (lardum, lard]. The fat of the interior of the
abdominal cavity of the hog, constituting adeps
(U. S. P.). Lard is much used in pharmacy as a
basis for ointments. See adeps.

lardacein (lar-da'-se-in) [lard]. An amyloid sub-
stance, formed in amyloid degeneration of various
organs, particularly the liver, kidney, and spleen.
It is a protein, but insoluble in the ordinary solvents,
is not acted upon by the gastric juice, does not readily
undergo putrefaction, and gives a mahogany-brown
color with iodine and a blue color with iodine and
sulphuric acid.

lardaceous (lar-da'-se-us) [lard]. Amyloid. 1.
kidney. See Bright' s disease.

lardeous, lardiform (lar'-de-us, -form) [lard; forma,
form]. Having a fatty appearance.

lardum, laridum (lard'-um, lar'-id-um) [L.]. Lard.

largin (lar'-jin). Silver protalbin, a compound
containing 11 % of silver. It is a grayish-white
powder, readily soluble in water and glycerol. It is
a bactericide, used in gastric ulcers and gonorrhea.
Dose 5-8 gr. (0.33-0.5 Gm.) in pill; in gonorrhea a
0.25 to 1.5 % solution is employed.

laricin (lar'-is-in) [larix, larch]. Agaricin obtained
from the larch agaric, Polyporus officinalis.

larinoid (lar'-in-oid) [\apwos, fat; elSos, like].
Lardaceous; as larinoid carcinoma.

larix (lar'-iks) [L.]. Larch. A genus of coniferous,
deciduous trees. The cortex (laricis cortex, B. P.)
is astringent and stimulant, and has been used in
purpura, hemoptysis, bronchitis, and locally in skin
diseases. Dose of the tincture 20-30 min. (1.3-
2.0 Cc).

larkspur (lark' -spur). The plant Delphinium
consolida, the seeds of which are diuretic and emmena-
gogue. Dose of the fluidextract 1-10 min. (0.065-
0.65 Cc).

Larrey's amputation (lar'-e) [Dominique Jean
Larrey, French surgeon, 1766-1842]. Double-flap
amputation at the shoulder-joint or hip-joint.
L.'s bandage, a form of many tailed bandage, the
edges being glued together. L.'s spaces, spaces
between the parts of the diaphragm attached to the
sternum and those that are attached to the ribs.

larva (lar'-vah) [larva, a ghost: pi., larva]. The
young stage of such animals as undergo transforma-
tion- The form that insects take in emerging from
the egg, commonly known as the caterpillar or "grub"
stage. Also, applied to the immature form dis-
tinguishing many of the lower vertebrates before
maturity.

larvaceous (lar-va'-she-us) [larva, a mask]. Cover-
ing the face like a mask.

larval (lar'-val) [larva, a ghost]. 1. Pertaining to
or existing in the condition of a larva. 2. Same as
larvaceous. 1. paludism. See dumb ague. 1. pneu-
monia. See pneumonia. 1. scarlatina, a mild case
of scarlet fever in which the rash is absent.

larvate (lar'-vat) [larvatus, masked]. Concealed;
masked; applied to diseases and conditions that
are hidden by more obvious conditions, Or by some
peculiarity of their symptoms.

larvicide (lar' -vis-id) [larva; ccedere, to kill]. Any
agent destroying insect larvae.

laryngalgia (lar-in-gal'-je-ah) [larynx; &\yos, pain].
Pain or neuralgia of the larynx.

laryngeal (lar-in'-je-al) [larynx]. Pertaining to the
larynx. 1. crisis, an acute laryngeal spasm occurring,
in the course of tabes dorsalis. L edema, edema,
caused by infiltration of a fluid or semifluid into the
submucous connective tissue of the larynx. 1-
mirror, a small circular mirror affixed to a long
handle, used in laryngoscopy.

laryngectomy (lar-in-jek'-to-me) [larynx; iKrofir),
a cutting out]. Extirpation of the larynx.

laryngemphraxis (lar-in-jem-fraks'-is) [larynx; in-
vpafa, stoppage]. Closure or obstruction of the
larynx.

laryngismal (lar-in-jiz'-mal) Relating to laryn-
gismus.

laryngismus (lar-in-jiz'-mus) [larynx]. A spasm of
the larynx. 1. stridulus, a spasmodic affection of
the larynx, characterized by sudden arrest of respira-
tion, with increasing cyanosis, followed by long, loud,,
crowing inspirations. It is most common in rhachitic
children, but may also occur as a symptom of laryn-
geal catarrh.

laryngitic (lar -in- jit' -ik). Pertaining to or caused.
by laryngitis.

laryngitis (lar-in-ji'-tis) [larynx; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the larynx. It may be acute or
chronic, catarrhal, suppurative, croupous (diphther-
itic), tuberculous, or syphilitic. Chronic catarrhal,
laryngitis is divided into a hypertrophic and an atro-
phic stage. The symptoms of acute catarrhal
laryngitis, the most common form, are hoarseness,,
pain, dryness of the throat, dysphagia, and cough.
1., dry, a form characterized by heat and fatigue in
the throat, persistent cough, and sometimes aphonia.
Syn., laryngitis sicca.

laryngo- (lar-in-go-) [larynx]. A prefix denoting
relation to the larynx.

laryngocatarrh (lar-in-go-kat-ar'). Catarrh of the
larynx.

LARYNGOCELE

501

LATERAD

laryngocele (lar-in' -go-s el) [laryngo-; ktjXv, a tumor].
A saccular dilatation of the mucosa of the larynx
between the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage.

laryngocentesis (lar-in-go-sen-te'-sis) [laryngo- ;
Kevrriais, puncture]. Puncture ot the larynx.

laryngocrisis (ldr-in-go-kri' -sis) . The paroxysmal
laryngeal cramp occurring in tabes dorsalis.

laryngofissure (lar-in-go-fish'-ur) [laryngo-; finder e,
to cleave], i. Division of the larynx for the removal
of tumors or foreign bodies. 2. The aperture made
in the operation of laryngofissure.

laryngograph (lar-in' -go-graf) [laryngo-; ypa<peiv,
to write]. An instrument for recording laryngeal
movements.

laryngography (lar-in-gog'-ra-fe) [laryngo-; ypa<peiv,
to write]. A description of the larynx.

laryngologic, laryngological (lar-in-go-loj'-ik, lar-
in-go-loj'-ik-al) [laryngo-; \byos, science]. Pertaining
to laryngology.

laryngologist (lar-in-gol'-o-jist). One versed in
laryngology.

laryngology (lar-in-gol'-o-je) [laryngo-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science of the anatomy, physiology, and
diseases of the larynx.

laryngometry {lar-in-gom'-et-re) [laryngo-; p.erpov,
measure]. The systematic measurement of the
larynx.

laryngonecrosis (lar-in-go-ne-kro'-sis) [laryngo-;
vbcpuais, death]. Necrosis of any portion of the
larynx.

laryngoparalysis (lar-in-go-par-aV -is-is) [laryngo-;
irapaXvais, palsy]. Paralysis of the laryngeal muscles.

laryngopathy (lar-in-gop'-ath-e) [laryngo-; irafios,
suffering]. Any disease of the larynx.

laryngophantom (lar-in-go-fan' -torn) [laryngo- ;
<j>avTa<Tna, an apparition]. An artificial larynx de-
signed for illustrative purposes.

laryngopharyngeal (lar-in-go-far-in'-je-al). Per-
taining conjointly to the larynx and pharynx.

laryngopharyngeus (lar-in-go-far-in'-je-us). The
inferior constrictor of the pharynx.

laryngopharyngitis (lar-in-go-far-in-ji'-tis). 1. In-
flammation of the laryngopharynx. 2. Inflamma-
tion of the larynx and the pharynx.

laryngopharynx (lar-in-go-far'-inks) [laryngo-;
<papvy£, pharynx]. The inferior portion of the
pharynx. It extends from the greater cornua of the
hyoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid
cartilage.

laryngophony (lar-in-gof'-o-ne) [laryngo-; <t>wh,
voice]. The sound of the voice observed in auscul-
tation of the larynx.

laryngophthisis (lar-in-go-ti'-sis) [laryngo-; <p9l<ri$,
wasting]. Laryngeal tuberculosis.

laryngoplasty (lar-in' -go-plas-te) [laryngo-; irXaa-
aeiv, to shape]. Plastic operation upon the larynx.

laryngoplegia (lar-in-go-ple'-je-ah) [laryngo-; irXrjyri,
stroke]. Paralysis of one or more muscles of the
larynx.

laryngorhinology (lar-in-go-ri-nol'-o-je). Combined
laryngology and rhinology.

laryngorrhagia (lar-in-gor-a'-je-ah) [laryngo-;
ptjyvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
larynx.

laryngorrhea, laryngorrhoea (lar-in-gor-e'-ah) [laryn-
go- ; poia, a flow]. Excessive secretion of the laryngeal
mucosa, especially on attempting to use the organ.

laryngoscleroma (lar-in-go-skle-ro'-mah) [laryngo- ;
<jKh-npwna, an induration]. Scleroma affecting the
larynx.

laryngoscope (lar-in' -go-skop) [laryngo-; o-Ko-n-eZv, to
examine]. A mirror attached to a long handle for
examining the interior of the larynx.

laryngoscopic (lar-in-go-skop'-ik). Pertaining to
laryngoscopy.

laryngoscopist (lar-in-gos'-ko-pist) [see laryngo-
scope]. An expert in laryngoscopy.

laryngoscopy (lar-in-gos'-ko-pe) [see laryngoscope].
Examination of the interior of the larynx by means
of the laryngoscope.

laryngospasm (lar-in' -go-spazm) [laryngo-; a-rras-
nbs, spasm]. Spasmodic closure of the glottis.

laryngostasis (lar-in- gos'-tas-is) [laryngo-; oTcuns,
stagnation]. Synonym of croup.

laryngostenosis (lar-in-go-sten-o'-sis) [laryngo-;
orkvuiovs, contraction]. Contraction or stricture of
the larynx.

laryngostomy (lar-in- gos'-to-me) [laryngo-; arop-a,
mouth]. The establishing of a permanent opening
into the larynx through the neck and trachea.

laryngostroboscope (lar-in-go-stro'-bo-skop) [laryn-
go-; crrpoffos, a twisting; o-ko-khIv, to examine]. A laryn-
goscope combined with an adjustable intermittent
source of illumination, used in the observation of the
vocal bands.

laryngostroboscopy (lar-in-go-stro-bos'-ko-pe) . The
inspection of the vibration of the vocal chords by
means of a laryngostroboscope.

laryngosyrinx (lar-in-go-si' -rinks) [laryngo-; <rvpiy£,
pipe: pi., laryngosyringes]. A laryngeal tube.

laryngotome (lar-in' -go-tom) [laryngo-; rop-h, a
cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in laryngo tomy.

laryngotomy (lar-in-gof -o-me) [laryngo-; Ttpvew,
to cut]. The operation of incising the larynx.
1., complete, incision of the larynx through its whole
length. 1., median, incision of the larynx through
the thyroid cartilage. 1., subhyoid, 1., superior, 1.,
thyrohyoid, incision of the larynx through the thyro-
hyoid membrane.

laryngotracheal (lar-in-go-tra'-ke-al) [laryngo- ;
Tpaxeia, the windpipe]. Pertaining conjointly to the
larynx and the trachea.

laryngotracheitis (lar-in-go-tra-ke-i'-tis) [laryngo- ;
trachea; vrvs, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
larynx and the trachea.

laryngotracheotomy (lar-in-go-tra-ke-ot'-o-me) [lar-
yngo-; trachea; rop.it, a cutting]. That form of
tracheotomy in which the cricoid cartilage and one
or more of the upper rings of the trachea are divided.

laryngotyphoid, laryngotyphus (lar-in-go-ti'-foid,
lar-in-go-ti'-fus) [laryngo-; typhoid]. Typhoid fever
associated with marked laryngeal complications.

laryngoxerosis (lar-in-go-zer-o'-sis) [laryngo-; xero-
sis]. Dryness of the larynx.

laryngydrops (lar-in' -jid-rops) [laryngo-; v8pu\J/,
dropsy]. Laryngeal edema.

larynx (lar'-inks) [\apvy£, larynx]. The organ of
the voice, situated between the trachea and the base
of the tongue. It consists of a series of cartilages —
the thyroid, the cricoid, and the epiglottis — and three
pairs of cartilages — the arytenoids and those of
Santorini and of Wrisberg — which are lined by
mucous membrane and are moved by the muscles
of the larynx. The mucous membrane is, on each
side, thrown into two transverse folds that constitute
the vocal bands, the upper being the false, the lower
the true, vocal band. By the approximation or
separation of the vocal bands the changes in the
pitch of the voice are produced. The space between
the vocal bands is termed the glottis.

lascivia (las-iv'-e-ah). Satyriasis, nymphomania.

lascivious (las-iv'-e-us) [lascivia, wantonness]. Lib-
idinous. Wanton. Having an unlawful desire.

Lasegue's law (las-ag') [Ernest Charles Lasegue,
French physician, 1816-1883]. Superficial lesions
or simple functional troubles of an organ increase
the reflexes, while more or less pronounced organic
lesions suppress them. L.'s sign. 1. Incapacity
of the anesthetic hysterical individual to move the
extremity which he is prevented from seeing. 2. To
differentiate sciatica from hip-joint disease: in the
case of the former, flexion of the thigh upon the hip
is painless or easily accomplished when the knee is
bent. L.'s type of mania of persecution, typical
paranoia.

lash [LG., lasche, a flap]. 1. An eyelash. 2. A
flagellum.

Lassar's paste (las'-ar) [Oscar Lassar, German
dermatologist, 1849-1908]. A paste used in the
treatment of erythema intertrigo, consisting of sali-
cylic acid, 30 gr.; zinc oxide and powdered starch,
each, 6 dr.; vaselin, 2 oz.

lassitude (las'-it-ud) [lassus, tired]. A state of
exhaustion or weakness, arising from causes other
than fatigue.

lata, latah (lah'-tah) [Jav.l. A hysterical neurosis
prevalent in Java, and nearly identical with the
disorder of the jumpers in Maine and Canada, and
with the miryachit of Siberia.

latency (la'-iens-e) [latere, to be hid]. The con-
dition of being latent or concealed.

latent (la'-tent) [latere, to be hid]. Concealed;
not manifest; potential. 1. heat, that which appar-
ently disappears when a liquid is vaporized or a
solid melted. 1. period. 1. The time required for
the incubation of a disease. 2. In physiology, the
time intervening between the application of a stimu-
lus and the appearance of the resulting phenomenon.

laterad (lat'-er-ad) [latus, the side; ad, toward].
Toward the lateral aspect.

LATERAL

502

LAVERAN'S CRESCENT

lateral (lat'-er-al) [latus], I. At, belonging to, or
pertaining to the side; situated on either side of the
median vertical plane. 2. Referring to structures
further away from the median plane than those desig-
nated medial. 1. chain. See receptor, l.-chain
theory of Ehrlich, this theory presupposes that
the stimulating substances introduced into the circu-
lation have the power of combining with certain
groups of molecules in the protoplasm of certain cells,
which combination is succeeded by a regeneration of
the lateral chains. When more of the combining
substance is injected and the combining lateral chains
again consumed, another still more copious regenera-
tion occurs, and so on until the particular lateral
chains are present in great excess and pass out of the
cells into the blood, where they are known as anti-
toxin. See immunity, theory of, Ehrlich's side-chain.
1. column, that column of the spinal cord between the
anterior and posterior horns. 1. operation, that form
of lithotomy in which the opening is made on the
right or the left side of the perineum. 1. sclerosis,
amyotrophic, a disease of the lateral columns and
anterior gray matter of the cord. It is characterized
by motor weakness and a spastic condition of the
limbs, associated with atrophy of the muscles and
final involvement of the nuclei in the medulla ob-
longata. 1. sclerosis, primary, a sclerotic disease of
the crossed pyramidal tracts of the cord, charac-
terized by paralysis of the limbs, with rigidity,
increased tendon-reflexes, and absence of sensory
and nutritive disorders. A peculiar characteristic
jerking gait is produced, and clonus of the lower
limbs may be readily excited. 1. sinuses, the two
veins of the dura mater situated in the attached
margin of the tentorium cerebelli. 1. ventricles.
See ventricles, lateral.

lateralization {lat-er-al-iz-a'-shun) [lateralis, lateral].
The localization of a disease upon one or the other
side of the body.

lateralized (lat'-er-al-izd) [lateralis, lateral]. Local-
ized on one side ; directed to one side.

lateren (lat'-er-en) [latus, side]. Belonging to the
lateral aspect in itself.

latericumbent (lat-er-ik-um'-bent) [latus, side;
cumbere, to lie]. Lying on the side

lateriflection, lateriflexion (lat-er-if-lek'-shun). See
later o flection.

laterigrade (lat'-er-ig-rad) [latus, side; gradus, step].
Progressing sideways. *

lateritious, latericeous (lat-er-ish'-us) [later, a
brick]. Resembling brick-dust, as the lateritious
sediment of the urine.

lateriversion (lat-er-if-er'-shun). See later oversion.

latero- (latus, side]. A prefix signifying to one
side; lateral.

lateroabdominal (lat-er-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [latero- ;
abdominalis, pertaining to the abdomen]. Pertaining
both to the side and to the abdomen. 1. posture,
Sims' posture.

laterocervical (lat-er-o-ser'-vik-al) [latero-; cervix,
the neck]. At or about the side of the neck.

laterodeviation (lat-er-o-de-ve-a'-shun) [latero-; devi-
are, to deviate]. Slight displacement or deviation
to one side.

lateroduction (lat-er-o-duk'-shun) [latero-; ducere,
to lead]. Lateral movement of the eye.

lateroflexion (lat-er-o-flek'-shun) [latero-; flectere,
to bend]. Flexion or bending to one side.

lateromarginal (lat-er-o-mar'-jin-al) [latero-; mar go,
edge]. Placed on the lateral edge

lateronuchal (lat-er-o-nu'-kal) [latero-; nucha,
nape]. Situated at the side of the nape of the neck.

lateroposition (lat-er-o-po-zish'-un) [latero-; ponere,
to place]. Displacement to one side.

lateropulsion (lat-er-o-pul' -shun) [latero-; pellere,
to drive]. An involuntary motion to one side.

laterotorsion (lat-er-o-tor'-shun) [latero-; lorquere,
to turn]. A twisting to one side.

lateroversion (lat-er-o-ver'-shun) [latero-; verier e,
to turn]. A turning to one side, as lateroversion of
the uterus.

latex (la'-teks) [L., liquid: pi., latices]. The sap
or the juice of the tubes or vessels of plants, l.-cells,
cells giving rise to latex or milky juice.

Latham's circle (la'-tham) [Peter Mere Latham,
English physician, 1789-1875]- A point midway
between the left nipple and the lower end of the
sternum is made the center of a circle two inches in
diameter; this circle corresponds to the area of
pericardial dulness.

lathyrin {lath'-ir-in) [\63vpn, pulse]. A bitter
extractive of lathyrus.

lathyrism (lath'-ir-izm) [\60vpos, a kind of pulse].
An affection produced by the use of meal from
varieties of vetches, chiefly Lathyrus sativus and L,
cicera. It is a form of spastic paraplegia- with tremor,
involving chiefly the legs Syn., lupinosis.

latibulum (la-tib'-il-lum) [latere,- to lie hid]. A
lurking-place for disease, infection, or poison.

latissimus (lat-is'-im-us) [superl. of latus, wide].
An adjective signifying widest. 1. colli, the platysma
myoides; see under muscle. 1. dorsi. See under
muscle.

latrine (la-tren') [Fr.]. A water-closet or privy,
especially one in trough form and capable of accom-
modating several persons at the same time.

lattice-work of the thalamus. The formatio
reticularis, q. v.

laudable (law'-da-bl) [laudare, praise]. Praise-
worthy. _ 1. pus. See pus, laudable.

laudanine (lawd'-an-en) [laudanum], C20H25NO4.
One of the alkaloids of opium.

laudanon (law'-dan-on) . A combination of various
alkaloids of opium. It contains morphine, codeine,
papaverine, thebaine, narceine and narcotine.

laudanosine (law-dan' -o-sen) [KaSavov, a gum],
C21H26NO4. A crystallizable alkaloid of opium.

laudanum (lawd'-an-um) [Pers., ladan, a shrub].
Tincture of opium. 1., Sydenham's, wine of opium.

laugh (lahf). 1. To make an audible expression
of mirth. 2. The audible expression of mirth.
1., canine, 1., sardonic. Synonyms of risus sardoni-
cus, q. v.

laughing, laughter (lahf'-ing, lahf'-ter) [AS.,
hlehhan, to laugh]. A succession of rhythmic,
spasmodic expirations with open glottis and vibra-
tion of the vocal bands, and expressing mirth, l.-gas,
nitrous oxide or nitrogen monoxide. See nitrous
oxide under anesthetic, general.

Laugier's hernia (lo-zje-a') [Stanislas Laugier,
French surgeon, 1799-1872]. Femoral hernia through
a gap in Gimbernat's ligament.

Laumonier's ganglion (lo-mon-e-a') [Jean Baptiste
Laumonier, French surgeon, 1749-1818]. The carotid
ganglion.

Laura's nucleus (low' -rah). See Deiters' nucleus.

laurel (law'-rel). See cherry-laurel and laurus.
l.-water, a medicinal water distilled from leaves of
the cherry-laurel. See cherry-laurel.

laureol (law'-re-ol). The proprietary name for a
mixture of cocoanut-oil and palm-oil.

laurocerasus (law-ro-ser'-as-us). See cherry-laurel.

laurotetanine (law-ro-tef -an-en), C19H23NO5. An
alkaloid from the bark of Litsea citrata and a number
of other plants of the order Laurinece. It is said to
be a powerful poison, acting like strychnine on the
spinal cord.

laurus (law'-rus) [L.]. A tree of the Laurinece.
L. nobilis, the true laurel, is indigenous in the south
of Europe. Its fragrant oils (one essential, from the
leaves, and the other fixed, from the berries) are
chiefly used in liniments.

Lauth's canal (lout) [Thomas Lauth, German
anatomist, 1758-1826]. See Schlemm's canal.

lautissimus (law-tis'-im-us) [lautus, washed].
Most thoroughly purified or rectified.

lavage (lav-ahzj) [Fr.]. The irrigation or washing
out of an organ, such as the stomach, the bowel,
etc. 1. of the blood, washing toxic products from the
blood-stream by intravenous injection of artificial
serum in large doses.

lavamentum (lav-am-en'-tum) [lavare, to wash].
An injection.

lavandula (lav-an'-du-lah). See lavender

lavation (lav-a'-shun) [lavare, to wash]. Lavage.

lave (lav) [lavare, to wash]. To wash; bathe.

lavement (lav'-ment) [lavare, to wash]. 1. A wash;
the act of washing. 2. A clyster or enema.

lavender (lav'-en-der) [lavanda, a washing]. The
flowers of Lavandula vera, a plant of the order
Labiatce. The active principle is a volatile oil.
1. flowers, oil of (oleum lavandulce florum, U. S. P.),
used in the preparation of the spirit. 1., spirit of
(spiritus lavandulce, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr.
(2-4 Cc). 1., tincture of, compound (tinctura lavan-
dulce composita, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4
Cc). Both the spirit and tincture are stimulant and
carminative.

Laveran's crescent (lav-er-an') [Charles Louis
Alphonse Laveran, French physician, 1845- ].

LAVIPEDIUM

503

LECITHIN

The sickle-shaped Plasmodium found in the esti-
voautumnal form of intermittent fever. L.'s Plas-
modium, the hematozoon of malaria; see Plasmodium
malaria.

lavipedium (lav-ip-e'-de-um) [lavare, to wash; pes,
foot]. A foot-bath; a pediluvium.

law (law) [AS., lagu, a law]. A general rule; a
constant mode of action of forces or phenomena.
A rule of action prescribed by authority. 1., Aran's,
Bastian's, etc. See under the proper names. 1. of
definite proportions, when two or more chemical
substances unite to form a compound, they do so in
a fixed and constant proportion. 1. of multiple pro-
portions, two substances uniting to form a series of
chemical compounds do so in proportions that are
simple multiples of one another or of one common
proportion. 1. of reciprocal proportions, two ele-
ments combining with a third do so in proportions
that are simple multiples or simple fractions of those
in which they combine with each other. 1. of re-
fraction, rays of light entering a denser medium are
deflected toward a perpendicular drawn through the
point of incidence, and those entering a rarer medium
are deflected away from the same perpendicular.

lawn-tennis arm. Displacement of the tendon, or
body (or both) of the pronator radii teres. Common
in lawn-tennis players, l.-t. knee, an affection occur-
ring in tennis players, probably due to a contusion or
laceration of the internal semilunar cartilage, l.-t.
leg, tendinous, fascial, or muscular rupture in the
calf or sura.

lax (laks) [laxus, loose]. Loose; not tense.

laxaphen (laks' -af -en). Trade name of a cathartic
containing phenolphthalein and salicylic acid.

lasarthrus (laks-ar'-thrus) [laxus, loose; apOpov,
joint]. Luxation of a joint.

laxative (laks'-a-tiv) [laxare, to loosen], i. Aperi-
ent; mildly cathartic. 2. An agent that loosens the
bowels; a mild purgative.

laxatol (laks'-at-ol). Trade name of a preparation
of phenolphthalein.

laxator (laks-a'-tor) [laxare]. That which loosens
or relaxes. A name applied to various muscles.
1. tympani. See under muscle.

laxiquinine (laks-e-kwin'-en). A proprietary reme-
dy said to be quinine combined with laxatives.

laxitas (laks'-it-as) [L., looseness]. 1. alvi, diarrhea.
1. gingivarum, spongy gums. 1. intestinorum, diar-
rhea. 1. ventriculi, atony of the stomach.

laxity (laks'-it-e) [laxitas, looseness]. Lack or loss
of tone or tension; a relaxed, loose, or spongy state
of a tissue.

laxol (laks'-ol). Castor-oil combined with sac-
charin and oil of peppermint.

layer (la'-er) [ME., leyer]. A mass of uniform, or
nearly uniform, thickness, spread over a considerable
area. 1., bacillar, 1., bacillary, the layer of rods and
cones of the retina. 1., cellular, the endothelial
layer of the blood-vessels and lymph- vessels, com-
posed of flattened nucleated cells. 1., cortical, the
cerebral cortex. 1., cuticular, a striated, hyaline,
refractive layer at the free end of a columnar cell.
1., ganglionic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral
cortex, best developed in the motor area. 1., horny,
the superficial layer of the skin. 1., large pyramid-
cell, the third layer of the cerebral cortex, composed
of pyramidal cells larger than those of the small
pyramid-cell layer, increasing in size from above down-
ward and attaining a diameter of 40 p.. 1., molecular,
the outermost layer of the cerebral cortex, made up
of neuroglia, a few small ganglion-cells, and a reticu-
lum of medullated and nonmedullated nerve-fibers.
1., oophorous, the outer portion of the ovary, in which
the ovules are formed. 1., osteoblastic, 1., osteo-
genetic, the lower layer of periosteum, connected
with the formation of bone. 1. of rods and cones.
See /., bacillar. 1., serous, the inner layer of the
pericardium. 1., small pyramid-cell, the second layer
of the cerebral cortex, made up of small pyramidal
cells, with a diameter of about 10 p. 1., Waldeyer's,
internal or vascular layer of the ovary.

layette (lay-ef) [Fr.]. The full outfit of garments,
bedding, etc., for a new-born child.

layman (la'-man) [Xaoj, the people]. A member
of the laity; a person not a physician or not pro-
fessionally educated.

lazar (laz'-ar) [Lazarus, a biblical name]. An old
name for a leper, or for any person having a repulsive
disease.

lazaretto (laz-ar-et'-o) [Ital., "a pest-house," from

lazar, a leper]. A quarantine establishment; a pest-
house; also, a place for fumigation and disinfection.

lb. Abbreviation for Latin libra, a pound.

L. D. Abbreviation for perception of light differ-
ence.

L. D. A. Abbreviation for left dorsoanterior
position of the fetus.

L. D. P. Abbreviation for left dorsoposterior
position of the fetus.

L. D. S. Abbreviation of Licentiate of Dental
Surgery.

L. E. Abbreviation for left eye.

leaching (le'-ching). The process of causing water
or any fluid to percolate through some substance.

lead (led) [AS.]. See plumbum. 1., black-,
graphite, l.-colic. See colic, lead-, l.-encephalo-
pathy, the cerebral manifestations of chronic lead-
poisoning. They consist of epilepsy, acute delirium,
and hallucinations, and may terminate in insanity.
l.-line, the line of discoloration on the gums in cases
of chronic lead-poisoning. Syn., blue line, l.-pipe
contraction, the condition of the limbs in the catalep-
tic state, in which they maintain any position that is
given them. 1. plaster, an adhesive plaster con-
taining lead oxide, l.-poisoning, a form of poisoning
due to the introduction of lead into the system. The
symptoms are disturbed nutrition, anemia, a blue
line on the gums, lead-colic, constipation, pains in
the limbs, local muscular paralysis (wrist-drop) and
wasting, lead-encephalopathy, etc. Syn., plumbism;
saturnism. 1., red, red oxide of lead, PbsCM, a poison-
ous red powder used in salves. 1., sugar of, Pb(C2-
1*302)2, lead acetate, used as an astringent and
styptic. 1., test for, in system, paint a small area
of the skin with a 6 % solution of sulphite. If lead
is present, the painted area will darken after a few
days. [Cicconardi.] 1., test for, in the urine, ad-
minister potassium iodide for four days, collecting
the urine. Evaporate to a pint (500 Cc.) and filter.
Pass hydrogen sulphide gas through the urine thus
concentrated, when a black precipitate will form if
lead is present. [White.] 1., test for, in water. See
Blythe. 1., white, lead carbonate, 2PbCC>3 . Pb(OH)2.
It is used in skin diseases.

leader (le'-der) [AS., Icedere]. A sinew or tendon.

leading (led'-ing). Among smelters a popular term
for chronic lead-poisoning.

leaping (lep'-ing). Springing; jumping. 1. ague, a
synonym of dancing mania.

leathery ■ (leth'-er-e) [AS., lether]. Resembling
leather, as leathery arteries, arteries thickened and
feeling like cords of leather.

Lebbin's test, for formaldehyde in milk. Boil a
few Cc. of the suspected milk with 0.05 Gm. resor-
cinol, to which half, or an equal volume of a 5 %
solution of sodium hydroxide is added. In the pres-
ence of formaldehyde the yellow solution changes to a
fine red color, which becomes more apparent on
standing.

leben (leb'-en) [Ar., leban]. A variety of fer-
mented milk of the Arabs. It corresponds to the
"matzoon" of the Turks.

Leber's corpuscles (la'-ber) [Theodor Leber,
German ophthalmologist, 1840- ]. See Gierke's
corpuscles. L.'s disease, hereditary optic atrophy.
L.'s plexus, a plexus of venules in front of Schlemm's
canal, with which it communicates.

lecane (lek'-an-e) [Aecaj^, a little pan]. 1. A
basin. 2. The pelvis.

lecanic (lek-an'-ik). Pelvic.

Lecat's gulf (lek-ah') [Claude Nicolas Lecat,
French surgeon, 1700-1768]. The dilated bulbous
portion of the urethra.

lechopyra (lek-op'-ir-ah) [Xexw, a lying-in woman;
irvp, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever.

lecibrin (les'-ib-rin). Trade name of a nucleo-
protein containing lecithin.

lecithalbumins (les-ith-aV -bu-minz) . More or less
stable compounds of albumin and lecithin, found in
the mucosa of the stomach, in the lungs, liver, kidney,
and spleen, differing from nucleoproteids and nucleo-
albumins in that there is no metaphosphoric acid
split off and that they yield no xanthin bases.

lecithigenous (les-ith-ij'-en-us) [lecithin; y&>va.v,
to beget]. Producing lecithin.

lecithin (les'-ith-in) [A«ci0os, yolk of egg], C44H90-
NPO9. A complex nitrogenous fatty substance,
occurring widely spread throughout the animal
body. It is found in the blood, bile, serous fluids,
brain, nerves, yolk of egg, semen, pus, and white

LECITHINOSE

504

LENHOSSEK

blood-corpuscles. It is a colorless, slightly crystalline
substance, soluble in alcohol, and chemically is
looked upon as the glycerophosphate of neurin, in
which two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two
atoms of stearic, palmitic, or oleic acid. It is used
as a nutritive in tuberculosis. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.1-
0.3 Gm.).

lecithinose (les-ith'-in-os). Trade name of a
lecithin preparation made from the yolk of eggs.

lecithoblast (les-ith'-o-blast) [lecithin; /SXao-Tos,
a germ]. One of the cells of the yolk-cavity in the
mammalian ovum. Syn., lecithophore.

lecithoid (les'-ith-oid) [lecithin; eldos, like]. Re-
sembling lecithin.

lecithophore (les-ith'-o-for). See lecithoblast.

lecithoprotein (les-ith-o-pro'-te-iri). A compound
of lecithin with a protein molecule.

lecithymen (les-ith-i'-men) [Xe*«0os, yolk; vufy,
membrane]. The vitelline membrane.

Leclanche's battery (lek-lahn-sha') [ Leclan-

che, French engineer]. Positive element, zinc;
negative element, carbon; exciting agent, ammonium
chloride; depolarizing agent, manganese dioxide;
E.M.F., 1.42 volts.

lectual (lek'-tu-al) [lectus, a bed]. Pertaining to a
bed or couch. 1. disease, a disease that confines one
to bed.

Ledoyen's disinfecting-fluid. A solution of lead
nitrate.

Leduc current (led-ook') [Stephane Armand Nicolas
Leduc, French physicist]. A form of direct electric
current, used in the production of electric narcosis.

leech {lech) [AS., lace, physician]. 1. An old
term for a physician. 2. A blood-sucking worm,
the Sanguisuga of Hirudo medicinalis, found in
Europe, and the Hirudo decora, the American
leech. Leeches are used for the local abstraction of
blood. A European leech draws from |-i oz. (16-32
Cc.) of blood. 1., artificial, an apparatus for cupping.

leeches (lech'-ez). A mycotic disease of mules and
cattle.

lees (lez) [Ft., lie, dregs]. The dregs of vinous
liquors.

leeting (let'-ing). The exudation on the surface
of the skin in eczema.

left. Sinistral; opposite of right. The left-hand
side, l.-brained, having the speech-center in its
normal situation, in the left third frontal, or sub-
frontal convolution, l.-eared, preferring the sinistral
ear, as the one with which to hear sounds, l.-eyed,
preferring the sinistral eye as the dominant one. 1.-
footed, the power is furnished and governed by the
sinistral foot, l.-handed, preferring the sinistral
hand for the more expert or intellectual tasks. 1.-
handedness, the quality of being left-handed.

leg. The lower extremity, especially that part
from the knee to the ankle. 1., badger, inequality
in the length of legs. 1., bakers'. See genu valgum.
1., bandy. Same as I., bow. 1., Barbados, elephanti-
asis of the leg. 1., bayonet, uncorrected backward
displacement of the leg-bones. 1., black, sympto-
matic anthrax. 1., bow-, a curving outward of the
legs. 1., milk-, phlegmasia alba dolens. 1., scissor,
a crossing of the axes of the legs.

legal (le'-gal) [lex, legis, law]. Pertaining to law.
1. medicine, medical jurisprudence.

Legal's disease (la'-gal) [Emmo Legal, German
physician]. Paroxysmal pains and tenderness of
the scalp in the region supplied by the auriculo-
temporal nerve, associated with pharyngotympanic
catarrh. Syn., cephalalgia pharyngotympanica. L.'s
test for acetone in urine, acidulate the urine with
hydrochloric acid and distil. To the distillate add
a few drops each of sodium nitroprusside and solution
of potassium hydroxide. This produces a ruby-red
color, which changes to purple on the addition of
acetic acid. Creatinin gives a similar color, but it
disappears when acetic acid is added.

Le Gendre's nodosities (leh-zjandr'). See Bou-
chard's nodosities.

legitimacy (le-jit'-im-as-e) [legitimus, lawful].
Born within wedlock, or within a period of time
necessary to gestation, which may elapse after the
death of the father.

Legroux's remissions (leh-groo') [Treves de
Legroux]. Lengthy remissions which sometimes
occur in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis.

legume (leg'-um, leg-um') [legere, to gather (so-
called because it may be gathered by the hand)].
In biology, the fruit of plants of the pea or pulse

family, a pod splitting along both sutures, and formed
from a simple pistil.

legumelin (leg-u'-mel-in) [legumin]. An albumin
found in most leguminous seeds.

legumin (leg-u'-min) [legumen, pulse]. A proteid
found in the seeds of many plants belonging to the
natural order of Leguminosce.

Lehman's sign {la' -man). In the administration of
chloroform, to prognosticate as to a ready or difficult
anesthesia, if the eyelids closed by the anesthetizer
reopen at once, wholly or in part, the anesthesia
will be difficult. The eyelids will remain closed
from the beginning in those who take chloroform well.

leiocephalous (li-o-sef'-al-us) [XeTos, smooth; Ke</>a\ri,
head]. Having a smooth head.

leiodermatous (.li-o-der'-mat-us) [Xetos, smooth;
bkpua, skin]. Smooth-skinned.

leiodermia (li-o-der'-me-ah) [XeTos, smooth; depua,
skin]. A disease of the skin marked by abnormal
glossiness, and by atrophy.

leiomyofibroma (li-o-mi-o-fi-bro'-mah) [XeTos,
smooth ; p,vs, muscle ; fibra, fiber]. A tumor presenting
the characteristics of a leioma, a myoma, and a
fibroma.

leiomyoma {li-o-mi-o'-mah) [XeTos, smooth; /uOs,
muscle; 6p.a, a tumor: pi., leiomyomata]. A tumor
consisting largely of unstriped muscle-fibers.

leiotrichous, liotrichous (li-ot'-rik-us) [XeTos,
smooth; 0p££, hair]. Having smooth or straight hair.
See lissotrichous.

leiphemia (li-fef-me-ah) [Xelireiv, to fail; aitm,
blood]. Failure, poverty, or a depraved state of the
blood.

leipodermia (li-po-der'-me-ah) [Xelireiv, to leave;
Skp/ia, skin]. Deficiency of the skin.

leipomeria (li-po-me'-re-ah) [Xelireiv, to leave;
juepos, part]. A monstrosity with absence of one or
more limbs.

leipopsychia (li-po-psi'-ke-ah) [Xelireiv, to fail;
ipvxv, spirit]. Fainting; weakness; asphyxia.

leipothymia (li-po-thi'-me-ah) [Xelireiv, to fail;
0up6s, mind].^ A fainting or syncope.

leipothymic (li-po-thi'-mik) [Xelireiv, to fail; 017x6$,
mind]. Faint; affected with or pertaining to leipo-
thymia.

leipyria (li-pi'-re-ah) [Kelireiv, to fail; irvp, fire].
Coldness, as of the extremities, during a high fever.

Leishman-Donovan bodies (lish' -man-don' -o-van)
[Sir William B. Leishman, British army surgeon;
C. Donovan, British army surgeon]. Small parasite-
like bodies on the liver and spleen of those suffering
from kala-azar. Also known as Piroplasma donovani ;
Leishmania donovani.

Leishmaniosis (Itsh-man-e-o'-sis). A disease due
to infection with any species of Leishman-Donovan
body.

leistungskern (li'-stung-skern) [Germ.]. The
central chemical nucleus or active center of a cell.

Leiter's coil, L.'s tubes (li'-ter). Tubes of soft,
flexible metal designed for application about any
part of the body. Cold water is passed through the
tubes, thereby reducing the temperature of the
parts incased.

lema (le'-mah) \\fifiri, rheum]. The collection of
dried matter sometimes seen at the canthus of the
eye.

Lembert suture (lam-bar') [Antoine Lembert,
French surgeon, 1802-1851]. An intestinal suture
for wounds in which the needle is passed transversely
to the wound through the peritoneal and muscular
coats, and out again on one side of the wound, and
then carried across the wound and made to penetrate
the two outer coats as before.

lemma (lem'-ah) {Xknna, peel; pi., lemmata]. A
general name for a limiting or ensheathing membrane;
e. g., neurilemma, sarcolemma, etc. It is mostly
used in composition. In embryology, the outer layer
of the germinal vesicle.

lemniscus (lem-nis'-kus). See fillet (2).

lemon (lem'-on). See limo.

lemonade, sulphuric-acid. Solution of sugar in
water containing sulphuric acid. Used in lead
manufactories^ prevent lead-poisoning.

lemoparalysis (le-mo-par-al'-is-is) [Xcnpos, gullet;
irap&Xvais, palsy]. Paralysis of the esophagus.

lemostenosis (le-mo-ste-no'-sis) [XaipAs, gullet;
ffTevuais, stricture]. Constriction of the pharynx or
esophagus.

Lenhossek, bundle of. The ascending root of
the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.

LENICEPS

505

LEPOTHRIX

leniceps (len'-is-eps) [lenis, mild; caper e, to seize].
A form of obstetric forceps, with short handles;
it is so called because it was designed to be safer in
use than the ordinary forms.

lenicet (len'-is-et). A preparation of aluminum
acetate.

lenient (le'-ne-ent) [leniens, softening], i. Leni-
tive; emollient. 2. An emollient medicine or appli-
cation.

lenigallol (len-e-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol triacetate; a
white, nontoxic powder, soluble in aqueous alkaline
solutions. It is used in psoriasis and eczema in 0.5
to 5 % ointment; it does not affect the healthy
skin.

leniment (len'-im-ent) [lenire, to soothe]. A lini-
ment or soothing application.

leniol (len'-e-ol). Trade name of a preparation of
cod-liver oil.

lenirenin (len-e-ren'-in). A preparation containing
aluminum acetate, cocaine and adrenin. It is used
as a snuff in catarrhal conditions of the nose.

lenirobin (len-ir'-o-bin). Chrysarobin tetracetate.
It is used in the treatment of skin diseases.

lenitis (len-i'-tis). A term for phlegmonous
gastritis, or suppurative inflammation of the areolar
tissue of the stomach.

lenitive (len'-it-iv) [lenitivus, soothing]. Emollient
or demulcent; laxative or aperient. 2. An emollient
remedy or application; an aperient or mildly cathartic
agent. 1. electuary, confectio sennae.

Lennander's incision. An incision to the right or
left of the median line of the abdomen down to the
rectus; the inner edge of this muscle is then re-
tracted and the posterior layer of its sheath incised
as well as the peritoneum.

lennesin (len'-es-in). A cholagogue, said to be
a glucoside from a species of Conyza.

Lennhoff ' s sign. In cases of echinococcus-cyst on
deep inspiration a furrow forms above the tumor
between it and the edge of the ribs.

lens (lenz) [L., "a lentil"]. 1. A piece of glass or
crystal for the refraction of rays of light. 2. The
crystalline lens of the eye. 1., achromatic. See
achromatic lens. 1., apochromatic. See apochromatic
lens. 1., biconcave (negative or minus ( — ) lens),
a thick-edged lens having concave spherical surfaces
upon its opposite sides; it is used in spectacles to
correct myopia. 1., biconvex (positive or plus (+)
lens), a thin-edged lens; it has two convex surfaces,
and is used to correct hyperopia. 1., bifocal. See
bifocal lens. 1., convergent, 1., converging, a double
convex or planoconvex lens that focuses rays of light.
1., convexoconcave, a lens having a convex and a
concave surface, which would not meet if continued.
Its properties are those of a convex lens of the same
focal distance. 1., crystalline, the lens of the eye, a
biconvex transparent body lying in its capsule im-
mediately behind the pupil of the eye and kept in
place by its suspensory ligament. It serves to refract
the rays of light entering the pupil and impinging on
its surface so as to bring them to a focus upon the
retina. 1., cylindrical (either minus or plus) , one with
a plane surface in one axis and a concave or convex
surface in the axis at right angles to the first. 1.,
decentered, one with the optic center not opposite
to the pupil of the eye. 1., dispersing, a concave lens.
1., orthoscopic, one which gives a flat, undistorted
field of vision. 1., periscopic, one with concavoconvex
or convexoconcave surfaces, the opposite sides being
of different curvatures; such lenses are called meniscus
lenses. 1., spherical, one the curved surface of which,
either concave or convex, is a segment of a sphere.
1., Stokes'. See Stokes' lens.

lenticel (len'-tis-el) [lenticella; dim; of lens, lentil].
Any one of the little mucous follicles or crypts at the
base of the tongue; any lenticular gland.

lenticonus (len-tik-o'-nus) [lens; conus, a cone].
A rare, usually congenital, anomaly of the lens in
which there is a conical prominence upon its anterior
or, more rarely, upon its posterior, surface.

lenticula (len-tik' -u-lah) [L., "a lentil"]. 1. The
lenticular nucleus. 2. A freckle.

lenticular (len-tik' -u-lar) [lenticula]. 1. Pertaining
to or resembling a lens. 2. Pertaining to the
crystalline lens. 3. Pertaining to the lenticular
nucleus of the brain. 4. Having the shape of a
lentil; lentiform. 1. arteries, the arteries supplying
the lenticular nucleus. 1. ganglion, the ophthalmic
ganglion. 1. nucleus, a mass of gray matter, the
extraventricular portion of the corpus striatum,

situated to the outer side of the internal capsule of
the brain. Syn., lenticula.

lenticulate (len-tik' -u-lat) [lens]. Lens-shaped;
lentil-shaped.

lenticulo-optic (len-tik-u-lo-op'-tik) [lenticula; optic].
Relating to the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus.

lenticulostriate (len-tik-u-lo-stri'-at) [lenticula; stri-
ates, striated]. Pertaining to the lenticular nucleus
of the corpus striatum, as lenticulostriate artery.

lenticulothalamic (len-tik-u-lo-thal'-am-ik) See
lenticulo-optic.

lentiform (len'-tif-orm) [lens ; Jorma, form]. Lens-
shaped or lentil-shaped.

lentigines (len-tij'-in-ez) [lens, a lentil]. See
lentigo. 1. leprosse, the pigmented spots of macular
leprosy.

lentiginose, lentiginous (len-tij'-in-os, len-tij' -in-us)
[lentiginosus, freckled]. Affected with lentigo.
Speckled or freckled.

lentigo (len-ti'-go) [L.f "a lentil-shaped spot";
pi., lentigines]. A freckle; a circumscribed patch
of pigment, small in size, occurring mainly on face
and hands, and due to exposure to the sun. 1. aestiva,
summer freckles.

lentitis (len-ti'-tis). See phakitis.

lentor (Jen' -tor) [lentus, adhesive]. Viscidity of a
liquid; slowness of any function, or process. 1.
cordis, sluggishness of the heart.

lenus (le'-nus) [Xtjvos, a depression]. A depression;
the torcular Herophili, q. v.

Leo's sugar. See laiose.

leontiasis (le-on-ti'-as-is) [Kewv, a lion]. A lion-like
appearance of the face, seen in leprosy, elephantiasis,
and leontiasis ossea. 1. ossea, 1. ossium, an over-
growth of the bones of the face, through which the
features acquire a lion-like appearance. Syn.,
megalocephaly .

leontodin (le-on' -to-din) [Xewp, a lion; 65ovs, a
tooth]. The precipitate from a tincture of the
root of dandelion, Leonlodon taraxacum; it is a tonic,
diuretic, aperient, and hepatic stimulant. Dose
2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.).

leontodon (le-on'-to-don). See taraxacum.

Leopold's law (le'-o-pold) [Christian Gerhard
Leopold, German physician, 1846- ]. Insertion
of the placenta into the posterior uterine wall pushes
the Fallopian tubes forward, so that they assume a
convergent direction on the anterior wall; insertion
into the anterior wall causes them to turn backward
and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the recum-
bent woman.

leper (lep'-er) [Xewpos, scaly]. One affected with
leprosy.

lepidic (lep-id'-ik) [Keirls, a scale; a husk]. Applied
to the tissues of lining membranes characterized by
absence of definite stroma between the individual
cells. 1. tumor, lepidoma, q. v.

lepido- (lep-id-o-) [Xeiris, a scale]. A prefix sig-
nifying a scale or scaly.

lepidoma (lep-id-o' -mah) [Xe7ris, a husk]. A term
proposed by Adami for a tumor springing from the
tissue of a lining membrane and distinguished as
epilepidoma, hypolepidoma, mesolepidoma, and
endolepidoma, according to the origin of the neo-
plasm from the epiblastic, hypoblastic, mesothelial,
or endothelial structures.

lepidoid (lep'-id-oid) [Xeiris, scale]. Having the
appearance of a scale. Squamous.

lepidoplastic (lep-id-o-plas'-tik) [Xeiris, scale; ttXcut-
tretv, to form]. Forming scales.

lepidoptera (lep-id-op'-ter-ah) \\eirls, scale; wrepov,
a wing]. An order of insects distinguished by feather-
like scales and spirally-coiled suctorial apparatus.
The order includes butterflies and moths.

lepidosarcoma (lep-id-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma
covered with scales, occurring in the mouth.

lepidosin (lep-id'-o-sin) [Keiris, scale]. A substance
in the scales of fishes analogous to dentine.

lepidosis (lep-id-o' -sis). Same as ichthyosis. Also
a synonym of lepra and of pityriasis.

lepine (le'-pen). An antiseptic fluid said to con-
sist of mercuric chloride 0.00 1 Gm.; phenol and
salicylic acid, each, 0.1 Gm.; benzoic acid and
calcium chloride each, 0.05 Gm.; bromine, 0.01 Gm.;
quinine hydrobromide, 0.2 Gm.; chloroform, 0.2
Gm.; distilled water, 100 parts.

lepocyte (lep'-o-slt) [Xe7ris, a scale, a husk; kvtos,
a hollow], A nucleated cell possessing a cell-wall.
Cf. gymnocyte.

lepothrix (lep'-o-thriks) [Xeiros, a scale; 6pi£, a hair].

LEPRA

506

LESION

A condition in which the hairs of the axillae or scrotum
are incased in a sheath of hardened sebaceous matter.

lepra (lep'-rah) [\eirpa, leprosy], i. Leprosy.
2. A form of psoriasis. 1. anaesthetica, leprosy in
which anesthesia predominates. 1. asturiensis,
pellagra. 1. maculosa, the stage of true leprosy
marked by the presence of pigment-spots. 1. mu-
tilans, the final stage of true leprosy, marked by loss
of members. 1. tuberculosa, a form of leprosy char-
acterized by the presence of tubercles.

lepraphobia. See leprophobia.

leprelcosis (lep-r el-ko' -sis) [Keirpa, lepra; eX/ccoo-ts,
ulceration]. Leprous ulceration.

lepriasis (lep-ri'-as-is) [Keirpa, leprosy]. A syno-
nym of leprosy and of psoriasis; an old term vaguely
used to designate various scaly diseases of the skin.

lepric (lep'-rik). Pertaining to lepra.

leprid (lep'-rid). A skin-lesion of leprosy.

leprolin (lep'-ro-lin). A vaccine used in the
treatment of leprosy.

leprologist (lep-rol'-o-jist) [Keirpa, leprosy; X670S,
science]. An expert or specialist in leprology.

leprology (lep-r ol'-o-je) [Keirpa, leprosy; X670S,
science]. The special study of leprosy.

leproma (lep-ro'-mah) [lepra]. The specific lesion
of tubercular leprosy.

leprophobia (lep-r o-fo'-be-ah) [Keirpa, leprosy;
<j>68os, fear]. Morbid or insane dread of leprosy.

leprophthalmia (lep-r off-thai' -me-ah) [Xk-irpa, leprosy;
6<pdd\p.6s, the eye]. Ophthalmia of a leprous character.

leprosarium (lep-r o-sa'-re-um) [L.]. A leper-house ;
leprosery.

leprosery (lep'-ro-ser-e) [Fr., leproserie]. Same as
leprosarium.

leprosis (lep-ro'-sis). Leprosy.

leprosity (lep-ros'-it-e). Leprousness; the state of
being leprous.

leprosy (lep'-ro-se) [lepra]. An endemic, chronic,
infectious disease, due to Bacillus leprae. Two
forms of leprosy are described — a tubercular and an
anesthetic form. The first begins with a well-
defined erythema (macular leprosy), which is suc-
ceeded by the formation of papules, and later of
nodules, although in some cases the erythematous
stage is followed by a disappearance of the pigment
without nodulation (lepra alba). The nodules
eventually break down and ulcerate. The anesthetic
form begins with pains and hyperesthesia; a macular
eruption appears, but later subsides, leaving spots of
anesthesia; trophic lesions develop and lead to the
loss of the fingers or toes, with marked deformity.

leprotic, leprous (lep-r of -ik, lep'-rus). Affected
with, or relating to, leprosy.

leptandra (lep-tan'-drah) [Keirros, thin; avqp, male].
A former genus of plants. The leptandra of the U. S.
P. is the rhizome and rootlets of Veronica virginica.
Its properties are thought to be due to a glucoside
leptandrin. It is tonic, laxative, and cholagogue, and
is used in indigestion and chronic constipation.
Syn., culver' s-root. L, extract of (extr actum leptandra,
U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 1., fluid-
extract of (fluidextr actum leptandra, U. S. P.). Dose
20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc).

leptandrin (lep-tan'-drin). See leptandra.

lepthymenia (lep-thi-me' ne-ah) [Keirros, thin;
vp.iiv, membrane]. Delicacy or thinness of mem-
brane.

lepto- (lep-to-) [Keirros, thin]. A prefix meaning
thin.

leptocephalia (lep-to-sef-a'-le-ah) [lepto-; Ke<paKri,
head]. Abnormal smallness or narrowness of the
skull.

leptocephalic, leptocephalous (lep-to-sef-al'-ik, lep-
to-sef'-al-us) [lepto-; Ke<paKri, head]. Having an
abnormally small head.

leptocephalus (lep-to-sef -al-us) [lepto-; Ke^aK-h,
head]. A monster with an abnormally small head
from premature union of the frontal and sphenoid
bones.

leptochasmus (lep-to-kaz'-mus) [lepto-; x <">>*<*,
chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the
angle formed by two lines drawn from the punctum
alas vomeris to the posterior nasal spine and the
anterior margin of the foramen magnum respectively
is between 940 and 1140.

leptochroa (lep-tok' -ro-ah) [lepto-; xp°a. skin].
Delicacy of the skin.

leptochymia (lep-to-kim'-e-ah) [lepto-; xmos, juice].
Abnormal thinness or meagerness of the fluids of
the body.

leptodactylous (lep-to-dak'-til-us) [lepto-; 8o.ktv\os,
digit]. Characterized by slenderness of the fingers
or toes, or both.

leptodermic, leptodermous (lep-to-der'-mik, lep-to-
der'-mus) [lepto-; b'epp.a, skin]. Having a delicate
skin.

leptodontous (lep-to-don'-tus) [lepto-; 68ovs, tooth].
Having thin or slender teeth.

leptomeninges (lep-to-men-in'-jes) [lepto-; p.rjvi.y£,
a membrane]. The arachnoid and pia, or the pia
alone.

leptomeningitis (lep-to-men-in-ji'-tis) [lepto-; pyv-
i/y£, membrane; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the pia and arachnoid of the brain or the spinal cord.

leptomeninx (lep-to-men'-ingks) [lepto-; p.r)vt,y£,
membrane: pi., leptomeninges]. The pia or the arach-
noid; in the plural (leptomeninges), usually the arach-
noid and pia taken together.

leptophonia (lep-to-fo' -ne-ah) [lepto-; (puv-q, voice].
Delicacy, gentleness, or weakness of the voice.

leptophonic (lep-to-fon'-ik) [lepto-; <puvf], voice].
Having a weak voice.

leptoprosope (lep-top'-ro-sop) [lepto-; irpoauirov,
face]. A person, or a head, with a long, narrow face.

leptoprosopia (lep-to-pro-so'-pe-ah) [lepto- ; irpoauirov,
face]. Narrowness of the face.

leptoprosopic, leptoprosopous (lep-to-pro-sop'-ik,
lep-to-pros'-o-pus) [lepto-; irpoaairov, face]. Having
a long, narrow face.

leptorrhine (lep'-tor-in) [lepto-; pis, nose]. Having
a slender nose or proboscis.

leptorrhinia (lep-tor-in'-e-ah) [lepto-; pis, nose].
Narrowness of the nasal bones, or smallness of the
nasal index.

Leptothrix (lep'-to-thriks) [lepto-; 0pi£, hair]. A
genus of bacteria, the elements of which form straight
filaments, often of great length. L. buccalis. Syn.,
Leptothrix gigantea, Miller; Leptothrix pulmonalis;
Rasmussenia buccalis, Saccardo. Found in the
mouth of man and animals. Falsely considered the
cause of dental caries. L. epidermidis. Syn.,
Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzozero ; Microsporon minutis-
simum, Burchardt. Found on the epidermis between
the toes, and held by Bizzozero to be nonpathogenic,
but by Boeck to be the cause of erythrasma. L.
gigantea, Miller. Found on the teeth of dogs,
sheep, cattle, and other animals affected with pyor-
rhoea alveolaris. Some consider it identical with
L. buccalis. L. innominata. See L. buccalis. L.
pulmonalis. See L. buccalis. L. vaginalis, found in
the vagina of animals and women. L. variabilis,
found in saliva of healthy persons.

leptotrichia (lep-to-trik'-e-ah) [lepto-; dpi£, hair].
Abnormal or excessive fineness and delicacy of the
hair.

Leptus (lep'-tus) [Keirros, thin]. A genus of beetles.
L. autumnalis, a parasite that burrows under the
skin, causing lesions like the itch. Syn., harvesl-bug;
mower's mite.

leptynol (lep'-tin-ol). A preparation said to contain
colloidal palladium hydroxide in liquid paraffin;
it is said to be of value in reducing obesity.

leptystic (lep-tis'-tik) [Keirrvveiv, to make thin].
Relating to or affected with emaciation.

lerema (ler-e'-mah) [Kripr)p,a, idle talk; pi., leremata].
An idle or childish utterance, as in senility, idiocy,
or dementia.

leresis (ler-e'-sis) [Kriprjo-is, a speaking foolishly].
Garrulousness ; insane or senile loquacity.

leros (le'-ros) [Kijpos, foolish speaking]. Slight
delirium, with talkativeness.

Lesbian love (lez'-be-an) [Lesbos, an island be-
longing to Greece]. See tribadism.

lesbianism (lez'-be-an-izm). The doctrine and prac-
tice of Lesbian love.

leschenema (les-ken-e'-mah) [\ko-xn, talk]. Insane,
senile, or hysterical loquacity.

lesion (le'-zhun) [lasio, an injury]. An injury,
wound, or morbid structural change. 1., discharging,
a brain lesion that causes sudden discharge of nervous
motor impulses. 1., Ebstein's. See Ebstein's lesion.
1., focal, in the nervous system, a circumscribed
lesion giving rise to distinctive and localizing symp-
toms. 1., functional, L, molecular, a very fine lesion,
not discernible by the microscope or discoverable
by chemistry, but causing loss or excess of functional
activity and attributed to alteration of the molecular
equilibrium of that part. 1., indiscriminate, one
affecting two distinct systems. 1., initial, of syphilis,
the chancre. 1., irritative, in the nervous system, a

LESSER'S TRIANGLE

507

LEUKOCYTE

lesion exciting the functions of the part wherein it is
situated. 1., peripheral, a lesion of the nerve-trunks
or of their terminations. L, primary, of the skin,
the change in the skin occurring in the developing
stage of a skin disease. 1., secondary, i. In the
skin, the change occurring in the primary lesion, due
to irritation or other causes. It comprises erosions,
ulcers, rhagades, squamae, cicatrices or scars, crusts,
and pigmentation. 2. One of the secondary mani-
festations of syphilis. 1., structural, one working a
manifest change in tissue. 1., systematic, one con-
fined to a system of organs, with a common function.
1., toxic, a change in the tissues due to sepsis. 1.,
vascular, a lesion of a blood-vessel.

Lesser's triangle. A triangular space bounded
above by the hypoglossal nerve, its sides being formed
by the bellies of the digastric.

Lesshaft's space (les'-haft) [Pyotr Frantsovich
Lesshaft, Russian physician, 1839- J. A locus
minoris resistentiae existing in the region of the twelfth
rib in some individuals, which allows the pointing
of an abscess or the protrusion of a hernia. It is
bounded, in front, by the external oblique; behind,
by the latissimus dorsi; above, by the serratus
posticus inferior; and below, by the internal oblique.
Syn., Lesshafti rhombus.

lethal (le'-thal) [letum, or lethum, death]. Deadly;
pertaining to or producing death.

lethality (le-thal'-it-e) [lethalitas, from letum,
death]. Deadliness.

lethargic (leth-ar'-jik) [K-ndrj, a forgetting]. Re-
lating to, affected with, or of the nature of, lethargy.

lethargogenic (lelh-ar-go-jen'-ik). Giving rise to
lethargy.

lethargus (leth-ar'-gus). See African lethargy.

lethargy (leth'-ar-je) [\r)dri, forgetfulness]. A con-
dition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be over-
come by the will; also, a stage of hypnotism. 1.,
African. See African lethargy.

lethe (le'-the) [Xijdrj, forgetfulness]. Total loss of
memory; amnesia.

letheomania (le-the-o-ma'-ne-ah) [\-qdr), oblivion;
fxavLa, madness]. Morbid longing for narcotic drugs.

letheon (le'-the-on) [K-qdij, forgetfulness]. An old
trade name for ethylic ether, used as an anesthetic.

lethiferous (leth-if'-er-us) [K-ndrj, forgetfulness;
ferre, to bear]. Producing sleep or death.

lethin (le'-thin). The proprietary name for an
alcoholic solution of camphor, acetic acid, ethereal
oils, and chloroform.

lettuce {let' -us). See lactucarium.

Leube Riegel test-dinner (loy'-beh re'-geV) [W. O.
von Leube, German physician, 1842- ; F. Riegel,

German physician, 1843- ]. A dinner to ascer-
tain the condition of the secretory function of the
stomach. It consists of 400 c.c. of beef-soup, 200
grams of beefsteak, 50 grams of white bread, and
200 c.c. of water.

leucemia (lu-se'-me-ah). See leukemia.

leuchemia (lu-ke'-me-ah). See leukemia.

leucic (lu'-sik). Relating to or derived from
leucin, as leucic acid.

leucin (lu'-sin) [Xewcos, white], C6H13NO2. A sub-
stance formed during pancreatic digestion, and also
found in the urine, together with tyrosin, in acute
yellow atrophy of the liver. Leucin crystallizes
from the urine in the form of yellowish-brown balls.
See Hofmeisier, Scherer.

leucinosis (lu-sin-o'-sis). 1. Abnormally excessive
proportion or production of leucin, as in the liver.
2. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver.

leucinuria (lu-sin-u'-re-ah) [leucin; ovpov, urine].
The occurrence of leucin in the urine.

leucism, leucismus (lu'-sizm, lu-siz'-mus) [KevKos,
white]. In biology, whiteness resulting from bleach-
ing or etiolation; albinism.

leucitis (lu-si'-tis). Same as scleritis.

leuco- (lu-ko-). For words beginning thus see
leuko-.

leucohaemia. See leukemia.

leucomaine (lu' -ko-man) . See leukomaine.

leucomma. See leukoma.

leucotoxic (lu-ko-toks'-ik). Destructive to leuko-
cytes.

leucotoxin (lic-ko-toks'-in) [leuko-; to£ik6v, poison].
A cytotoxin obtained by E. Metchnikoff from lym-
phatic ganglia. Cf. hemotoxin, hepatotoxin, nephro-
toxin, neurotoxin, spermatoxin, trichotoxin.

Leudet's bruit {loo-da') [Theodore Emile Leudet,
French physician, 182 5-1 887]. A fine crackling

sound in the ear, audible to both the observer and the
patient, in catarrhal and nervous affections of the
ear. It is attributed to spasm of the external peri-
staphylinus muscle.

leukaethiopia (lu-ke-the-o'-pe-ah) [leuko-; Aldioxp,
Ethiopian]. Albinism in an African.

leukaethiops (lu-ke' -the-ops) [leuko-; AldLo\p, Ethi-
opian]. Analbino of the black race.

leukanemia (lu-kan-e'-me-ah) [leukemia; anemia],
A blood disease having features of leukemia and
marked anemia.

leukangeitis (lu-kan-je-i'-tis). Synonym of lymph-
angitis, q. v.

leukasmus (lu-kaz'-mus). See leukoderma. 1.,
acquired. See leukoderma. 1., congenital. See al-
binismus.

leukemia (lu-ke'-me-ah) [\cvk6s, white; alpa, blood].
A disease of the blood and the blood-making organs,
characterized by a permanent increase in the number
of white blood-corpuscles and by enlargement of the
spleen, the lymphatic glands, and the marrow of
bone, together or separately. The etiology is ob-
scure; by some the disease is considered to be in-
fectious. 1., acute, a generally fatal form, charac-
terized by rapid development, high temperature,
great enlargement of the spleen and lymphatics, and
softening of the bone-marrow, leukaemia cutis,
1. of the skin, a state of the skin characterized by
formation of lymphatic enlargements of its deeper
layers, leukaemia lienalis, splenic leukemia. 1.,
lienomedullary, 1., lienomyelogenous. See I., spleno-
medullary. 1., lymphatic, the most common form,
characterized by enlargement of the lymphatic
glands, with perhaps slight changes in the spleen.
1., medullary, 1., myelogenous, 1., osseous, 1., poly-
morphocyte, a form in which the tissue of the bone-
marrow is principally affected and obliteration of
many of the small blood-vessels takes place. Syn.,
myelemia. 1., pseudo-, 1., pseudosplenic. See pseu-
doleukemia. 1., splenic, that in which the blood-
changes are principally due to disorders of the
spleen. 1., splenomedullary, the form characterized
by excessive enlargement of the spleen and prolifera-
tion of the marrow of the bones without manifest
change in the lymphatic glands.

leukemic (lu-kem'-ik or lu-ke'-mik) [leukemia].
Pertaining to leukemia.

leukethiopia (lu-ke-the-o'-pe-ah) [Xeu/cos, white;
AlBlo\p, Ethiopian]. Albinism in an African.

leukine (lit' -kin). An endocellular bactericidal
substance found in leukocytes ; an endolysin.

leuko- (lu-ko-) [XevKos, white]. A prefix meaning
white.

leukoblast (lu' -ko-blast) [leuko-; ffKaaros, a germ].
1. The germ of a leukocyte. 2. A cell in bone-
marrow, of a type which is believed to develop into a
red blood-corpuscle.

leukochroos, leukochrus (lii-kok'-ro-os, lu-kok'-rus)
[leuko-; xp^s, skin]. Having a white skin.

leukocidin (lu-ko' -sid-in) [leukocyte; ccedere, to
kill]. A cytolytic toxin capable of destroying leuko-
cytes. See hemotoxin (2).

leukocrystallin (lu-ko-kris'-tal-in) [leuko-; KpvaraX-
\os, clear ice]. Peculiar crystals occasionally found
in the blood of leukemic patients.

leukocyte (lu'-ko-sit) [leuko-; kItos, cell]. The
colorless or white corpuscle of the blood. Leuko-
cytes have ameboid movement and are formed in the
lymphadenoid tissue of the spleen, lymphatic glands,
intestinal tract, bone-marrow, etc., and probably
also in the lymph and blood. Their average diameter
is 0.0 1 mm. (Wtro inch). In normal blood several
forms are distinguished : lymphocytes, large uni-
nuclear leukocytes, transitional forms, and multi-
nuclear cells; according to the granules contained in
their protoplasm, three varieties are described — the
neutrophil, the eosinophil, and the basophil, l.s,
Ehrlich's theory concerning, all varieties may be
classed into two groups having separate origins,
functions, and relations. The first group would
comprise all lymphocytes, which are produced solely
by the lymphatic tissues; and the second, the mono-
nuclear leukocytes and transitional forms, the
polynuclear neutrophils, the eosinophils, and the
basophils, all of which cells are produced exclusively
by the marrow. 1., polymorphonucleic, 1., poly-
nuclearneutrophilic, one derived primarily from
lymphocytes and secondarily from a myelocyte;
originating in red bone-marrow, in the lymph-glands,
or spleen, l.s, polymorphous, l.s, polynuclear, cells

LEUKOCYTHEMIA

508

LEUKOPSIN

in which the nucleus is either lobed or made up of
several portions united by such delicate nuclear
filaments as to give the impression of a multinucleated
cell in distinction to mononuclear, eosinophil, and
neutrophil leukocytes and lymphocytes. 1., Uskow's
theory concerning, all leukocytes except the baso-
philic cells are but different developmental stages of
the same cell. The youngest form of leukocyte,
the small lymphocyte, originates in the lymph-glands,
the lymphocytic bone-marrow, and the spleen.

leukocythemia (lii-ko-si-the'-me-ah). See leukemia.

leukocythemic {lu-ko-si-the' '-mik) [leuko-; kvtos,
cell; alfia, blood]. Pertaining to leukemia.

leukocytic (lu-ko-sit'-ik) [leukocyte]. Relating to
or characterized by leukocytes.

leukocytogenesis (lu-ko-si-to-jen'-es-is) [leukocyte ;
yewav, to beget]. The formation of leukocytes.

leukocytoid (lu'-ko-si-toyd) [leukocyte; eWos, re-
semblance]. Resembling a leukocyte.

leukocytolysin (lu-ko-si-tol'-is-in) [see leukocyto-
sis]. A cytolysin produced by inoculation with
leukocytes.

leukocytolysis (lii-ko-si-tol'-is-is) [leukocyte; Xdo-is,
solution]. The destruction of leukocytes.

leukocytolytic (lu-ko-si-to-lit'-ik). Relating to the
destruction of leukocytes.

leukocytoma (lu-ko-si-to'-mah) [leukocyte; op.a,
tumor]. A tumor-like mass composed of leukocytes,
as the tubercle, the gumma, etc.

leukocytometer (Jiu-ko-si-tom'-et-er) [leukocyte; p.kr-
pov, a measure]. A graduated capillary tube used for
counting leukocytes.

leukocytopenia (lu-ko-si-to-pe'-ne-ah). See leuko-
penia.

leukocytoplania. See leukoplania.

leukocytosis (lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [leukocyte]. An in-
crease in the number of colorless blood-corpuscles in
the blood. It is physiological during digestion and
pregnancy; pathologic in certain anemias, especially
leukemia, in some of the infectious fevers, in cachexias,
and after hemorrhage. 1., inflammatory, that in
which the lymph is concentrated in the cells while the
blood is normal. 1., pure, a leukocytosis in which
the increase of white cells affects the multinuclear
form.

leukocytotaxis (lu-ko-si-to-tak'-sis). See leuko-
taxis.

leukocytotic (lu-ko-si-tot'-ik) [leuko-; kvtos, cell].
Pertaining to leukocytosis.

leukocytozoa (lu-ko-si-to-zo'-ah) [leukocyte; $$ov,
animal]. Infusorian parasites of the white blood-
corpuscles.

leukocyturia (lii-ko-si-tu'-re-ah) [leuko-; kvtos,
cell; olpov, urine]. The presence of colorless blood-
corpuscles in the urine.

leukoderma (lu-ko-der'-mah) [leuko-; 5epp.a, skin].
A condition of defective pigmentation of the skin,
especially a congenital absence of pigment in patches
or bands. See achroma, albinism. 1., acquired,
vitiligo.

leukodermic (lu-ko-der'-mik) [leuko-; depfia, skin].
Exhibiting or pertaining to leukoderma.

leukodiagnosis (lu-ko-di-ag-no'-sis) [leukocyte ; diag-
nosis], A method of diagnosis by examining the
leukocytes. Specifically used in the diagnosis of
cancer.

leukodontous (lu-ko-don'-tus) [leuko-; 686vs, tooth].
Having white teeth.

leukoencephalitis (lu-ko-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [leuko-;
eyKk<pa\os, brain]. An epizootic disease of horses
characterized by drowsiness, imperfect vision, partial
paralysis of the throat, twitching of the muscles of
the shoulder, unsteady gait, and softening of the white
substance of the frontal lobes; also called forage
poisoning.

leukogasterous (lu'-ko-gas'-ter-us) [leuko-; yaarrip,
belly]. White-bellied.

leukogene (lu'-ko-jen) [leuko-; yew&p, to beget].
A substance containing sodium bisulphite, used
as a bleaching agent.

leukohemia (lu-ko-hem'-e-ah). See leukemia.

leukohemic (lu-ko-hem'-ik). See leukemic.

leukokeratosis {lu-ko-ker-at-o'-sis). See leuko-
plakia.

leukol, leukolin (lii'-kol, lu'-ko-lin). Quinolin, q. v.

leukolysis (lu-kol'-is-is). See leukocytolysis.

leukolytic. See leukocytolytic.

leukoma (Jlu-ko'-mah) [KevKos, white]. i. An
opacity of the cornea the result of an ulcer, wound,
or inflammation, and presenting an appearance of

ground glass. 2. The term has also been used for
albumin. See leukoplakia.

leukomaine (lu-ko'-mah-en) [\cvk6s, white]. The
name applied ,to any one of the nitrogenous bases
or alkaloids normally developed by the metabolic
activity of living organisms, as distinguished from
the alkaloidal bodies developed in dead bodies,
and called ptomaines. From their chemical affinities
leukomaines may be divided into two groups — the
uric-acid group, comprising adenine, carnine, guanine,
heteroxanthine, hypoxanthine, paraxanthine, pseudo-
xan thine, spermine, xanthine; and the creatinine
group, in which are classed amphicreatinine, craso*
creatinine, xanthocreatinine, and others.

leukomainemia {lu-ko-ma-in-e'-me-ah) [leukomaine;
alp.a, blood]. The presence of leukomaines in the
blood; the retention or imperfect elimination of the
various excretory products of the living cells of the
organism.

leukomainic {lu-ko-ma-in'-ik). Pertaining to, or
of the nature of, a leukomaine.

leukomatoid (Jlu-ko'-mat-oid). See leukomatous.

leukomatorrhea (lu-ko-mat-or-e'-ah) [leuko- ;^ fata,
a flow]. An excessive whitish secretion. 1. salivalis,
salivation. 1. urinalis, albuminuria. 1. vaginalis,
leukorrhea.

leukomatosis {lu-ko-mat-o'-sis) [leuko-; voaos,
disease]. Abnormal increase of albumin in a part,
as in the cornea, the lens, the joints; also amyloid
degeneration.

leukomatous (lu-ko'-mat-us) [leukoma]. Having
he nature of or affected with leukoma.

leukomyelitis (lil-ko-mi-el-i'-tis) [leuko-; fiveKos,
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
white substance of the spinal cord.

leukomyelopathy {lu-ko-mi-el-op'-ath-e) [leuko-;
p.ve\bs, marrow; iraBos, disease]. Any disease of the
white substance of the myelon or spinal cord.

leukonecrosis (lu-ko-ne-kro'-sis) [leuko-; necrosis],
A form of dry gangrene, the slough having a light
color.

Leukonostoc (lil-ko-nos'-tok) [leuko-; Nostoc], A
genus of schizomycetes having its elements disposed
in chains and enveloped in a sheath of tough jelly.

leukonuclein (lu-ko-nu'-kle-in). A decomposition-
product of nucleohiston by action of hydrochloric
acid.

leukonychia (lu-kon-ik'-e-ah) [leuko-; 8vv£, nail]..
A whitish discoloration of the nails owing to the
presence of air beneath them.

leukopathic (.lu-ko-path'-ik) [leuko-; iraOos, disease].
Relating to or affected with leukopathia.

leukopathy, leukopathia (lu-kop'-ath-e, lu-ko-pa'-
the-ah) [leuko-; iraOos, suffering]. Any deficiency of
coloring-matter; albinism. See leukoderma.

leukopenia (lil-ko-pe'-ne-ah) [leuko-; irevla, poverty],
A decrease below the normal standard in the number
of leukocytes in the peripheral blood.

leukophlegmasia (lu-ko-fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [leuko-;
<t>\kyp.a, inflammation], i. A condition marked by a
tendency to dropsy, accompanied by a pale flabby
skin and general edema of the whole body; solid
edema. 2. Phlegmasia alba dolens. 1. dolens
puerperarum, phlegmasia alba dolens.

leukophthalmous (lu-koff-thal'-mus) [leuko-; 6<p6a\-
juos, eye]. Having unusually white eyes.

leukopin (lu'-ko-pin). Visual white, produced
from rhodopsin by the action of light.

leukoplakia {lu-ko-pla'-ke-ah) [leuko-; irXat, sur-
face]. Whitening of a surface. 1. buccalis, 1.
lingualis, a disease characterized by the presence
of pearly-white or bluish-white patches on the
surface of the tongue or the mucous membrane of
the cheeks, due to a hyperplasia of the epithelium.

leukoplania {lu-ko-pla'-ne-ah) [leuko-; ir\avrj, a
wandering]. The wandering of leukocytes or their
passage through a membrane.

leukoplasia (lu-ko-pla'-ze-ah). See leukoplakia.

leukoplast, leukoplastid {lu-ko-plasf , lu-ko-plast'-
id) [leuko-; irhaoaeiv, to form]. A starch-forming,
colorless, protein bodies found in cells not exposed
to light; amyloplast.

leukopoiesis (lil-ko-poy-e'-sis) [leuko-; iroUiv, to
make]. The formation of leukocytes.

leukoprotease (lii-ko-pro'-te-as). An enzyme of
the polymorphonuclear leukocytes capable of prote-
olytic digestion in any except an acid medium.

leukopsin (lu-kop'-sin) [leuko-; Sfis, sight]. Visual
white, produced from rhodopsin by the action of
light.

LEUKORRHAGIA

509

LEYDEN-MOEBIUS' TYPE

leukorrhagia (lu-kor-a'-je-ah) [leuko-; priyvbvai, to
burst forth]. An excessive leukorrheal flow.

leukorrhea (lu-kor-e'-ah) [leuko-; poia, a flow]. A
whitish, mucopurulent discharge from the female
genital canal, popularly called "the whites."

leukorrheal (lu-kor-e'-al) [leukorrhea]. Of the
nature of or pertaining to leukorrhea.

leukosarcoma (lu-ko-sar-ko'-mah) [leuko-; sarcoma].
A nonpigmented sarcoma.

leukosin (lu'-ko-sin) [leuko-]. A principle said by
some to be present in asthma-crystals, and in crystals
found in the blood in certain cases of leukemia.

leukosis (lu-ko'-sis) [Xewcos, white], i. Any disease
of the lymphatics. 2. Abnormal pallor of the skin.
3. The development and progress of leukoma.

leukotactic (lii-ko-tak'-tik) [leuko-; regis, arrange-
ment]. Relating to leuko taxis.

leukotaxis (lu-ko-taks'-is). The arranging and
ordering function of leukocytes.

leukotic (lu-kot'-ik) [leuko-]. Relating to leukoma.

leukotin (lu-ko'-tin) [leuko-], C21H20O6. A crystal-
line substance found in Paracoto; it is soluble in
alcohol, ether, and chloroform.

leukotoxic (lil-ko-toks'-ik). Destructive to leuko-
cytes.

leukotoxin (lu-ko-toks'-in) [leuko-; to£ik6v, poison].
A cytotoxin obtained by Metchnikoff from lymphatic
ganglia.

leukotrichia (lii-ko-trik'-e-ah) [leuko-; Opl%, hair].
Whiteness of the hair; canities.

leukotrichous (lu-kot'-rik-us) [leuko-; 0pi£, hair].
White-haired.

leukourobilin (lu-ko-u-ro-bil'-in) [leuko-; olpov,
urine; bills, bile]. A colorless decomposition-product
of bilirubin.

leukous (lu'-kus) [leuko-]. White.

leukozon (lu'-ko-zon). A disinfecting powder
consisting of approximately equal parts of calcium
perborate and talcum.

leukuresis (lu-ku-re'-sis) [leuko-; otpov, urine].
Albuminuria.

leusin (lu'-sin) . See leucin.

Levaditi method (lev-ah-de'-te) [Constantin Leva-
diti, French physician]. A modification of Cajal's
method of staining nerve-fibers used for staining the
Treponema pallidum in sections; a solution of silver
nitrate is used, which stains the treponema a dense
black.

Levant wormseed. See santonica.

levator (le-va'-tor) [L., "a lifter": pi., levatores].
1. That which raises or elevates, as certain muscles.
See muscles, table of. 2. An instrument used for
raising a depressed portion of the skull.

lever (le'-ver) [levare, to elevate]. 1. A vectis or
one-armed tractor, used in obstetrics. 2. A dental
instrument, used in lifting out decayed stumps.
1., Davy's, an aorta-compressor. It is a wooden bar,
which is introduced into the rectum.

levicellular (lev-e-sel'-u-lar) [levis, smooth; cellula,
cell]. Smooth-celled, as a levicellular myoma, or a
levicellular muscle-fiber.

levico-ochre (lev-ik-o-o'-ker). A mud containing
iron and arsenic, obtained from the springs at Levico
in the Tyrol. It is applied in the form of a hot
poultice in chronic inflammation.

levigable (lev'-ig-a-bl) [Icevigare, to make smooth].
Susceptible of being levigated, or reduced to fine
powder by a mechanical process.

levigate (lev'-ig-at) [Icevigare, to make smooth].
1. To reduce to a fine powder by rubbing or grinding;
to triturate. 2. Smooth. 3. Uniform: applied to
the reddening in skin diseases.

levigation (lev-ig-a'-shun) [Icevigare, to make
smooth]. The trituration of a substance made into
a paste with water or other liquid. When performed
with a muller on a slab of porphyry it is called
porphyrization.

Levis's splint (le'-vis). A perforated metal splint
extending from below the elbow almost to the distal
ends of the metacarpal bones. It is hollowed to
fit the forearm and palm, and the metacarpal joints
are flexed over it.

Levisticum (lev-is' -tik-um). A genus of plants
containing but one species, L. officinale, indigenous
to middle Europe. The root, plant, and fruit are
diuretic and are used in dropsy and amenorrhea. Dose
of fluidextract 15-60 min. (0.0-3.7 Cc). See lavage.

levitation (lev-it-a'-shun) [levitas, lightness]. 1. The
pretended elevation of the body into the air without
support, a feat professedly performed by various

modern thaumaturgists. 2. The subjective sense
of being aloft, and without support; a symptom in
certain cases of insanity.

levity (lev'-it-e) [levitas, lightness]. The antithesis
of gravity.

levoduction (lev-o-duk'-shun) [Icevus, left; ducere, to
lead]. The movement of the eye to the left.

levoglucosan (lev-o-glu'-ko-san) [Icevus, left; y\vicv%,
sweet]. A derivative of picein obtained by heating
the latter with baryta.

levoglucose (le-vo-glu'-kos). Levulose.

levogyrate (le-vo-ji'-rat). See levorotatory.

levophoria (le-vo-fo'-re-ah) [Icevus, left; <pepeiv, to
bear]. A tending of the visual lines to the left.

levorotatory (le-vo-ro'-tat-o-re) [Icevus, left; rotare,
to turn]. Causing to turn toward the left hand:
applied to substances that turn the rays of polarized
light to the left.

levotorsion (le-vo-tor'-shun) [Icevus, left; torquere, to
twist]. A turning or twisting toward the left.

levoversion (le-vo-ver'-shun). See levotorsion.

Levret's law (lev-ra') [Andre Levret, French
obstetrician, 1 703-1 780]. Marginal insertion of the
umbilical cord in placenta praevia.

levulan (lev'-u-lan) [Icevus, left], C6H10O5. An
anhydride of levulose obtained from beet-sugar
molasses.

levulin (lev'-u-lin) [Icevus, left]. A carbohydrate
identical with synanthrose, occurring in immature
grain and the tubers of certain composite flowers.

levulinic acid (lev-u-lin'-ik). See acid, levulinic.

levulosan (lev-u-lo'-san) [levulose], C6H10O5. A
carbohydrate prepared by heating levulose.

levulose (lev'-u-los) [Icevus, left], C6H12O6. Fruit-
sugar, the natural sugar of fruits. It is a colorless,
syrupy liquid, and rotates the plane of polarized light
to the left. It occurs normally in the intestine, and
rarely in the urine in disease. See invert-sugar.

levulosemia (lev-u-lo-se'-me-ah) [levulose; alp.a,
blood]. The presence of levulose in the blood.

levulosuria (lev-u-lo-su'-re-ah) [levulose; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of levulose in the urine.

levuretin (lev-u' -re-tin) [Fr., levure, yeast]. A
preparation of dried brewers' yeast used in skin
diseases. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) in milk 3 times
daily.

levurin (lev'-u-rin) [see levuretin]. A dried extract
of beer-yeast; used in cases of sepsis. Dose 1 tea-
spoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times daily.

Lewin's erythema of the larynx (lu'-in). Simply
syphilitic catarrh of the larynx.

lewinin (lu'-in-in) [after Dr. Lewin], A local
anesthetic resin from kava.

Lewisohn's method of blood transfusion (loo'-is-on)
[Richard Lewisohn, American physician]. A method
of blood transfusion, in which a 10 per cent, solution
of sodium citrate is used to prevent coagulation during
the process.

lexipharmac (leks-if-ar'-mak) [Xt?£«, cessation;
tpa.pp.aKov, poison]. An alexipharmac.

lexipyretic (leks-ip-i-ret'-ik) [X^fts, cessation;
■nvperds, fever]. 1. Febrifugal; antipyretic. 2. A
febrifugal medicine.

Leyden battery (li'-den) [Leyden, a town in Hol-
land]. A series of Leyden jars connected tandem.
L. jar, a glass jar coated within and without with
tin-foil, reaching nearly to the neck, and surmounted
by a knobbed conductor in connection with the inner
coating. It is designed for the temporary accumu-
lation of electricity, with which the inner foil may be
charged.

Leyden's ataxia (li'-den) [Ernst Victor von Leyden,
German physician, 1832-1910]. Pseudotabes. L.'s
cells, large, mononuclear epithelioid cells found in
the anterior horns of the spinal cord in cases of an-
terior poliomyelitis. They are also met in other
inflammatory affections of the cord. L.'s crystals.
See Char cot- Leyden's crystals. L.'s neuritis, a
variety of neuritis in which the nerve-fibers are re-
placed by fatty tissue. Syn., lipomalous neuritis.
L.'s sign, in cases of subphrenic pyopneumothorax
manometric observation shows that the pressure in
the abscess-cavity rises during inspiration and falls
during expiration. The reverse was held by Leyden
to occur in true pneumothorax.

Leyden-Charcot's crystals. See Char cot-Ley den' s
crystals.

Leyden-Moebius' type of progressive muscular
atrophy. A type commencing in the calves and
often assuming the character of Duchenne's paralysis.

LEYDENIA GEMMIPARA

510

LIFE

Leydenia gernmipara (li-de'-ne-ah jem-ip'-ar-ah)
[see Leyden's ataxia]. The large round or poly-
morphous cells with lively ameboid movement dis-
covered by v. Leyden in the ascitic fluid in cancer
patients.

Leydig's cells (li'-dig) [Franz von Leydig, German
anatomist, 1821-1908]. See Rente's cells. L.'s
duct, the Wolffian duct.

L. F. A. Abbreviation denoting the left fronto-
anterior position of the fetus in utero.

L. F. P. Abbreviation denoting the left fronto-
posterior position of the fetus in utero.

L. F. P. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the
Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons (of Glasgow).

Li. The chemical symbol of lithium.

lianthral (li-an'-thral). A proprietary preparation
said to be an extract of coal-tar and casein.

liantrol (li-an'-trol). A coal-tar preparation, used
externally in cases of eczema.

libanotus (lib-an-o'-tus) [Xi/Sewos, frankincense].
An old name for olibanum.

libanus (lib'-an-us) [Xi'/3aj/os, frankincense]. Frank-
incense, or olibanum.

liberation (lib-er-a'-shun) [liber are, to make free].
The act of freeing. 1. of the arms, in breech-presenta-
tions, the bringing down of the arms of the fetus when
they have become extended along the sides of the
child's head.

liberomotor (lib-er-o-mo'-tor) [liberare, to disen-
gage; motor, mover]. Setting free or disengaging
motor energy.

libidinous (lib-id' -in-us) [libidinosus, lustful].
Characterized by strong sexual desire.

libido (lib-i'-do) [L.]. Desire; lust. 1. intestini,
desire for defecation. 1. sexualis, lust. 1. urinae,
desire to urinate.

libra (li'-brah) [libra, a balance]. A pound. A
weight of twelve troy ounces, or 5760 grains. Also,
applied to the avoirdupois pound of sixteen ounces,
or 7000 grains.

libradol (lib'-rad-ol). The proprietary name for a
soft, greenish ointment recommended for relief of
pain.

lice (lis). Plural of louse. See pediculus.

license (li'-sens) [licentia, license]. An official
permit or authority conferring on the recipient the
right and privilege of exercising his profession.

licentiate (li-sen'-she-at) [licentiatus, one licensed].
A term sometimes applied to a person who practises
a profession by the authority of a license.

lichen (li'-ken) [Keixhv, a lichen]. A generic term
for a group of inflammatory affections of the skin
in which the lesions consist of solid papules. 1.
acuminatus, a variety of lichen ruber in which the
papules are acuminate. It is usually very acute, and
is accompanied by grave constitutional symptoms
(rigors, pyrexia, sweats, prostration) and by itching.
1. agrius, eczema papulosum. 1. disseminatus, a
form with scattered lesions. 1. pilaris, an inflamma-
tory disease of the hair-follicles in which a spinous
epidermic peg occupies the center of the papules.
1. planus, an inflammatory skin disease, with an
eruption made up of papules that are broad and angu-
lar at the base, flat and apparently glazed on the sum-
mit, slightly umbilicated, and of a dull, purplish-
red color. The papules may be discrete or may coal-
esce, and itching may be slight or severe. 1. ruber,
a rare skin disease, with lesions consisting in the be-
ginning, of discrete, miliary, conical papules, but, as
the disease advances, becoming aggregated and form-
ing continuous red, infiltrated, and scaly patches.
The whole surface may eventually become involved.
The nails of the fingers and toes become affected,
being of a dirty-brown color, rough, flaky, and break-
ing off short. The etiology and pathology are
obscure. 1. scrofulosus, a form occurring in strumous
children. The eruption is situated on the trunk,
especially upon the back, either diffusely or in
patches. The papules are very small, pale, conical,
and surmounted by fine scales; they cause no itching,
and on fading leave a rather persistent yellowish
pigmentation. 1. strophulosus. See strophulus. 1.
tropicus, prickly heat.

licheniasis (li-ken-i' -as-is) . 1. The formation of
lichen. 2. The condition of one affected by one of
the forms of lichen. 1. strophulus. See strophulus.

lichenification (li-ken-i-fi-ka' -shun) . The change of
an eruption into a form resembling lichen.

lichenin (li'-ken-in), CeHioOo or C12H20O10. Moss-
starch; a starch-like body found in lichens. Iodine

imparts a dirty-blue color to it. It is insoluble in
cold water, but forms a jelly with hot water. See
cetraria.

lichenization (li-ken-i-za'-shun). The develop-
ment of lesions of lichen.

lichenoid (li'-ken-oid) [lichen; eldos, like]. Re-
sembling lichen.

licorice (lik'-or-is). See glycyrrhiza.

lid. See eyelid.

Lieben's test for acetone in urine (modified by
Ralfe) (le'-ben) [Adolf Lieben, Austrian chemist,.
1836- ]. Dissolve 20 gr. of potassium iodide in
a dram of solution of potassium hydroxide and boil;
then carefully float the urine on its surface in a test-
tube. A precipitation of phosphates occurs at the
point of contact which, in the presence of acetone,
will become yellow and studded with yellow points
of iodoform.

Lieberkuehn's ampulla (le'-ber-kin) [Johann Na-
thaniel Lieberkuehn, German anatomist, 1711-1756].
A cavity that was supposed by Lieberkuehn to exist
in an intestinal villus and to communicate at the apex
with the lumen of the intestine and at the base
with the lacteals. L.'s crypts, L.'s follicles, L.'s
glands, minute tubular glands in the mucosa of the
large and small intestine.

Liebermann's test for proteids (le'-ber-man) [Leo
von Szentlorincz Liebermann, Austrian physician,
1852- ]. Wash the proteid with alcohol and
ether, and treat with fuming hydrochloric acid; a
beautiful violet-blue coloration is produced.

Liebermann-Burchard's test for cholesterin (W-
ber-man-boork'-hart). Allow the substance to dis-
solve in acetic anhydride, then add a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid, when a beautiful violet
coloration is produced, changing quickly to green if
cholesterin is present.

Liebig's extract (le'-big) [Baron Justus von Liebigr
German chemist, 1803-1873]- A variety of beef-
extract. L.'s test for cystin, boil the substance with
caustic alkali containing lead oxide. In the presenc-
of cystin a precipitate of black lead sulphide is
formed.

lien (li'-en) [L.]. The spleen. 1. accessorius,
accessory spleen.

lienaden (li-en'-ad-en) [lien; &dv", gland]. The
proprietary name of a preparation made from the
spleen of animals.

lienal (li'-en-al) [lien]. Relating to the spleen.

lienculus (li-en' -kii-lus) [dim. of lien]. A detached
part or exclave of the spleen.

lienic (li-en'-ik) [lien, a spleen]. Pertaining to the
spleen.

lienitis (li-en-i'-tis) [lien; ins, inflammation].
Splenitis.

lieno- (li-en-o-) [lien]. A prefix meaning relating
to the spleen.

lienocele (li-en'-o-sel) [lien, a spleen; /07X17, hernia].
Hernia of some part or of all of the spleen.

lienointestinal (li-en-o-in-tes' -tin-al) [lieno-; in-
testine]. Relating to the spleen and intestine.

lienomalacia (li-en-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [lieno- ; /xaXa/cia,
softening]. Morbid softening of the spleen.

lienomedullary (li-en-o-med'-ul-ar-e). See lieno-
myelogenous.

lienomyelogenous (li-en-o-mi-el-oj'-en-us) [lieno- ;
nve\6s, marrow; yewav, to produce]. Derived from
both spleen and marrow.

lienomyelomalacia (li-en-o-mi-el-o-mal-a'-she-ah)
[lieno-; fivekos, marrow; nahaida, softening]. Soften-
ing of the spleen and bone-marrow.

lienopancreatic (li-en-o-pan-kre-at'-ik). Relating
to the spleen and pancreas.

lienorenal (li-en-o-re'-nal) [lieno-; ren, kidney].
Relating to the spleen and the kidney.

lienteric (li-en-ter'-ik) [lientery]. Pertaining to or
affected with lientery.

lientery (li'-en-ter-e) [Xeios, smooth; ivrepov, intes-
tine]. A form of diarrhea in which the food passes
rapidly through the bowel without undergoing
digestion.

lienunculus (li-en-un' -ku-lus) [dim. of lien]. A
detached part of the spleen.

Lieutaud's body (lu-to') [Joseph Lieutaud, French
physician, 1703-1780]. Same as L.'s triangle.
L.'s sinus. The straight sinus. L.'s triangle, the
trigonum vesicae. L.'s uvula. A longitudinal mesial
ridge in the trigone of the bladder.

life (llf) [AS., llf]. 1. The sum of properties that
enables an organism to adapt itself to surrounding

LIGAMENT

511

LIGAMENT

conditions. 2. The characteristic phenomena mani-
fested by living beings. 3. The force or principle
underlying or causing the phenomena presented by
organized beings. 4. The period between birth and
death. 1., animal, the manifestations depending
directly on the cerebrospinal nervous system and
the voluntary muscles, as distinguished from vegeta-
tive life — that is, the functions of digestion, respira-
tion, reproduction, etc. 1., antenatal, the life of the
fetus before birth. 1., change of, that period in the
life of a woman at which menstruation ceases. Syn.,
climacteric; menopause. 1., embryonic, the period
beginning with the differentiation of the blastoderm
and ending about the end of the second month.
1., expectation of, the average number of years which
a person may expect to live, as calculated from life-
tables.

ligament, ligamentum (lig'-am-ent, lig-am-en' -turn)
[ligare, to bind]. 1. A band of flexible, compact
connective tissue connecting the articular ends of
the bones, and sometimes enveloping them in a
capsule. 2. Certain folds and processes of the
peritoneum. L, accessory, one that strengthens
another. 1., acromioclavicular, a ligament covering
the acromioclavicular articulation and extending
from the clavicle to the acromial process of the
scapula. 1., adipose, the mucous ligament of the
knee-joint. 1., alar. 1. One of the two folds of
synovial membrane on each side of the mucous liga-
ment of the knee-joint. 2. See L, odontoid. 1.,
annular (of ankle), the broad ligament covering
the anterior surface of the ankle-joint. 1., annular
(of wrist), a strong ligament extending from the
trapezium to the unciform bone, confining the flexor
tendons. 1., arcuate, one of the arched ligaments
extending from the body of the diaphragm to the
last rib and to the transverse process of the first
lumbar vertebra. 1., atloaxoid, that joining the atlas
and the axis. 1., atlooccipital, that joining the atlas
and the occiput, l.s, auricular, three ligaments
uniting the external ear to the head, ligamentum
bifurcatum, the Y-ligament. 1. of Bigelow. See
I., iliofemoral. 1., broad. 1. A fold of peritoneum
extending laterally from the uterus to the pelvic wall.
2. A ligament supporting the liver. 1., capsular, a
heavy fibrous structure surrounding an articulation,
and lined by synovial membrane. 1., central. See
filum terminale. 1., check. See I., odontoid. 1.,
ciliary, the tissue at the junction of the cornea and
sclera forming the root of the iris, ligamenta coli,
three longitudinal bands on the surface of the large
intestine, due to thickening of the longitudinal
muscle-fibers. 1., conoid, the inner portion of the
coracoclavicular ligament. It is attached to the
coracoid process of the scapula and the conoid tubercle
of the clavicle. 1., coracoclavicular, one extending
from the coracoid process of the scapula to the
clavicle. 1., coracohumeral, that joining the coracoid
process of the scapula and the upper and posterior
portion of the capsule of the shoulder-joint and the
upper part of the humerus. 1., coronary, a peritoneal
fold extending from the posterior edge of the liver to
the diaphragm. 1., costoclavicular. See I., rhomboid.
1., costocoracoid, that joining the first rib and the
coracoid process of the scapula. 1., costocolic, a
peritoneal fold joining the diaphragm and the
splenic flexure of the colon. 1., cotyloid, a ring of
fibrocartilaginous tissue at the margin of the aceta-
bulum. 1., crucial, anterior, the smaller crucial
ligament of the knee, extending from the upper
surface of the tibia to the inner surface of the external
condyle of the femur. 1., crucial, posterior, one
attached below to the back part of the depression
behind the spine of the tibia, to the popliteal notch,
and to the external semilunar fibrocartilage, and
above to the inner condyle of the femur. 1., cruci-
form, that formed by the transverse ligament of the
atlas and a vertical ligament running from the middle
of this to the body of the axis. 1., crural. See
Poupart's I., 1., deltoid, lateral internal ligament of
the ankle. 1., Denuce's. See Denuce's ligament.
l.s, elastic, yellow, highly elastic ligaments lying at
the back of the spinal canal, appearing in pairs
between the lamina? of contiguous vertebra? from
the axis to the interval between the last lumbar
vertebra and the sacrum. 1., falciform. 1. A sickle-
shaped expansion of the great sacrosciatic ligament,
extending along the inner margin of the tuberosity
and inferior ramus of the ischium. 2. The broad
ligament of the liver. 1., femoral. See Key's I.,

1., Flood's. See Flood's ligament, l.s, funicular,
band-like ligaments accessory to capsular ligaments
surrounding movable joints; they are made up of
parallel bundles of flexible fibrous tissue, but without
elasticity. 1., Gimbernat's. See Gimbernat's liga-
ment. 1., glenohumeral, a portion of the coraco-
humeral ligament, attached to the inner and upper
portion of the bicipital groove. 1., glenoid. 1. A
ring of fibrocartilaginous tissue attached to the rim
of the glenoid fossa. 2. One of those joining the
phalanges of the metacarpal bones. 1., glenoideo-
brachial, the thickened part of the capsular ligament
of the shoulder which is inserted into the lesser
tuberosity of the humerus. 1., Hey's, a sickle-shaped
expansion of the fascia lata. Syn., femoral ligament.
1., iliofemoral, a strong ligament extending from the
anterior inferior iliac spine to the lesser trochanter and
the intertrochanteric line. 1., iliotibial. See Mais-
siat's band. 1., iliotrochanteric, a portion of the
iliofemoral ligament. 1., interclavicular, one joining
the clavicles and the sternum. 1., interfoveolar, a
thin, fibrous band extending from the posterior surface
of the fascia transversalis, near the plica semilunaris,
to the pubic bone and Gimbernat's ligament; it forms
part of the conjoined tendon. 1., lateral, one of the
peritoneal folds between the sides of the liver and
the inferior surface of the diaphragm. 1., Lockwood's.
See Lockwood's ligament. 1., Mauchart's. See
Mauchart's ligament. 1., mucous (of the knee-joint),
a fold of synovial membrane extending from the
intercondyloid fossa to the lower margin of the
patella. 1., nuchal, one at the nape of the neck,
connecting the two trapezius muscles. 1., odontoid,
any one of the broad, strong ligaments arising on
each side of the apex of the odontoid process and
connecting the atlas with the skull. 1., orbicular
(of radius), that surrounding the head of the radius.
1., palpebral, external, that joining the outer margin
of the orbit and the tissues of the eye-lid. 1., palpe-
bral, internal, one extending from the nasal process
of the superior maxilla to the lacrimal spine of the
lacrimal bone and the inner end of the tarsal cartilage.
ligamentum patellae, a strong fibrous structure,
extending from the tubercle of the tibia upward to
become the tendon of the quadriceps extensor muscle ;
it embraces the patella, ligamentum pectinatum,
the spongy tissue at the junction of the cornea and
sclera in the sinus of the anterior chamber of the eye.
It forms the root of the iris. 1., Poupart's, the liga-
ment extending from the anterior superior spine of
the ilium to the spine of the pubis and the pectineal
line. It is the lower portion of the aponeurosis of
the external oblique muscle. 1., pterygomaxillary,
one joining the apex of the internal pterygoid plate
of the sphenoid bone and the posterior extremity of
the internal oblique line of the lower jaw. 1., pterygo-
spinous, a ligamentous band extending from the ex-
ternal pterygoid plate to the spine of the sphenoid.
1., pubic, inferior, a triangular ligament extending
from the symphysis pubis to the rami of the pubic
bones. 1., pylorocolic, Glenard's name for the
attachment of the transverse colon to the pylorus.
1., reticular, one holding a muscle to a bone. 1.,
rhomboid, one joining the cartilage of the first rib
and the tuberosity of the clavicle. 1., round (of hip).
See ligamentum teres femor is. 1., round (of forearm),
one joining the coronoid process of the ulna and the
tuberosity of the radius. 1., round (of liver), a
fibrous cord running from the umbilicus to the notch
in the anterior border of the liver. It represents the
remains of the obliterated umbilical vein. 1., round
(of uterus), a ligament running from the anterior
surface of the cornu of the uterus through the in-
guinal canal to the mons Veneris. 1., sacrosciatic,
great, a ligament extending from the sacrum, coccyx,
and inferior iliac spine to the tuberosity of the
ischium. 1., spinoglenoid, one extending between the
spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity. 1.,
splenophrenic, the suspensory ligament of the spleen.
1., spring, one joining the os calcis and scaphoid bone.
1., sternoclavicular, the capsular ligament of the arti-
culation between the sternum and clavicle, l.s
sternopericardiac, connecting bands between the
sternum and the pericardium. 1., stylohyoid, a
fibrous cord extending from the apex of the styloid
process of the temporal bone to the lesser cornu of
the hyoid bone. 1., stylomaxillary, a ligament joining
the styloid process of the temporal bone and the
inferior surface of the posterior margin of the ramus
of the inferior maxilla. 1., subpubic. See I., pubic,

LIGAMENTAL \

512

LIMBUS

inferior. 1., supraspinal cervical. See I., nuchal.
1. suspensory (of crystalline lens), the zonule of Zinn.
L, suspensory (of eyeball). See Lock-wood's ligament.
1., sutural. i. A thin lamina of fiber occurring in the
cranial sutures. 2. A thin lamina of fibrous tissue
often interposed between the articulating surfaces
of bones united by suture, l.s, synovial, synovial
folds resembling ligaments, ligamentum teres, a
rounded fibrous cord attached to the center of the
articular surface of the head of the femur, and
extending to the margin of the cotyloid notch of the
acetabulum, l.s, thyroarytenoid, the vocal bands.
1., thyroarytenoid, inferior, one of the inferior or
true vocal bands. 1., thyroarytenoid, superior, one
extending between the inner surface of the upper
portion of the thyroid cartilage and the anterior
surfaces of the apices of the arytenoid cartilages.
1., transverse (of atlas), one attached to two small
tubercles on the inner surface of the atlas, and
surrounding the odontoid process of the axis. 1.,
transverse (of hip- joint), one extending across
the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. 1., transverse
(of knee-joint), one extending from the anterior
margin of the external semilunar fibrocartilage to the
anterior extremity of the internal fibrocartilage.
1., trapezoid, the anterior or external portion of the
coracoclavicular ligament, extending from the upper
surface of the coracoid process of the scapula to the
under surface of the clavicle. 1., triangular (of the
urethra), a tendinous band of triangular shape,
attached by its apex to the reflected portion of
Poupart's ligament, and passing inward beneath the
spermatic cord and behind the inner pillar of the
external abdominal ring, to join the tendon of the
opposite side. 1., uterovesicaj, one of the peritoneal
folds connecting the bladder and the uterus. 1.,
vesicoumbilical. Same as urachus. 1., Winslow's,
the posterior ligament of the knee-joint. 1., Y-shaped
(of Bigelow), the iliofemoral ligament.

ligamental, ligamentary {jiig-am-en'-tal, lig-am-en'-
ta-re) [ligare, to bind]. Of the nature of a ligament.

ligamentopexis (lig-am-en-to-peks'-is) [ligament;
7rjj£«, fixation]. Beck's operation of suspension of
the uterus on the round ligaments.

ligamentous (lig-am-en'-tus) [ligament]. Of the
nature of, or pertaining to, a ligament.

ligamentum (lig-am-en'-tum). See ligament. 1.
denticulatum, a notched ligament on each side of
the myelon. 1. dentis, that portion of the gum which
is attached to the neck of a tooth. 1. inguinale,
Poupart's ligament, q. v. 1. interfoveolare. See
Hesselbach's ligament. 1. mucosum, a synovial fold.

1. nuchas, one at the nape of the neck, connecting the
two trapezius muscles. 1. patellae, the ligament
securing the patella to the tibia. 1. spirale, the
thick part of the cochlear basilar membrane. 1. teres,
a round ligament. See ligament, round. 1. teres
f emoris, a fibrous cord extending from the head of the
femur to the margin of the cotyloid notch of the
acetabulum.

Ligar's line. 1. A line drawn from the posterior
superior iliac spine to a point midway between the
tuberosity of the ischium and greater trochanter;
the upper point of trisection of this line corresponds
to the point of emergence of the gluteal artery. 2. A
line drawn from the posterior superior iliac spine to
the inner point of trisection of a line between the
tuberosity of the ischium and the greater trochanter;
the middle of this line indicates the point of emergence
of the sciatic artery.

ligate (li'-gat) [ligare, to bind]. To apply a liga-
ture.

ligation (li-ga'-shun) [ligate]. The operation of
tying, especially of tying arteries.

ligator (li-ga'-tor) [ligare, to bind]. An instrument
used in placing and fastening ligatures.

ligature (lig'-at-ur) [ligatura, a band]. 1. A cord
or thread used for tying about arteries or other parts.

2. Ligation. 1., double, the application of two liga-
tures to a vessel, between which it is divided. 1.,
elastic, a narrow band or thread of rubber applied
tightly to a part so as to destroy the tissues and by
compression to lead to separation. It is used in the
treatment of hemorrhoids, anal fistula, and in the
removal of pedunculated growths. 1., Erichsen's,
one consisting of a double thread, one half of which
is white, the other half black; it is used in the ligation
of nsevi. 1., interlacing, 1., interlocking, one for
securing a pedicle in which several loops interlace.
1., intermittent, a tourniquet applied above a poisoned

wound to interrupt the blood-current; it is occasion-
ally relaxed to allow of renewal of the circulation.
1., lateral, partial occlusion of the lumen of a vessel
by a loose ligature. 1., provisional, a ligature applied
during an operation, with the intention of removing
it before the completion of the operation. 1., Wood-
ridge's, the isolation of the ventricles by drawing
a silk ligature tightly about the auricles at their
junction with the ventricles.

light (lit) [AS., leoht]. Wave motions of the
luminiferous ether that give rise to the sensation
of vision when the rays impinge upon the retina.
1., axial, light-rays that are parallel to each other and
to the optic axis. 1., central. See I., axial. In-
difference, the difference between the two eyes in
respect to their sensitiveness to light. 1., diffused,
that reflected simultaneously from an infinite number
of surfaces, or that which has been scattered by means
of a concave mirror or lens. 1., Finsen, light from
which the heat-rays are excluded and only the blue
and violet rays remain; it is used in phototherapy.
1., oblique, light falling obliquely on a surface. 1.,
polarization of. See polarization. 1., reflected,
light thrown back from an illuminated object. 1.,
refracted, light-rays that have passed through an
object and have been bent from their original course.
1., refrigerated. See I., Finsen. l.-sense, sensibility
of the retina to luminous impressions, l.-stroke,
narcosis or death due to exposure to light. 1., trans-
mitted, the light passing through an object. 1.-
treatment. See actinotherapy, phototherapy, and
radiotherapy.

lighterman's bottom. Inflammation of the bursa
over the tuberosity of the ischium, from prolonged
sitting.

lightning pains. The lancinating pains of loco-
motor ataxia, coming on and disappearing with
lightning-like -rapidity .

lign aloes (lln al'-oz) [lignum aloes]. Same as
Agallochum and eagle-wood, q. v.

ligneous (lig'-ne-us) [lignum, wood]. Woody, or
having a woody texture.

lignin (lig'-nin) [lignum], C19H24O10 (?). A modi-
fication of cellulose, constituting the greater part of
the weight of most dry wood.

lignosulphin (lig-no-sul'-fin). A product occurring
in the manufacture of sulphocellulose, containing
free sulphurous acid combined with the volatile
products of wood. It is used in the disinfection of
dwellings.

lignosulphite (lig-no-sul'-flt). A liquid by-product
obtained in the manufacture of cellulose from pine
wood; used in laryngeal tuberculosis in inhalations
of 10 to 30 % solution.

lignum (lig'-num) [L.]. Wood. 1. benedictum,
guaiac-wood. 1. cedrium, cedar-wood. l.-vitae,
the tree, Guaiacum officinale. See guaiacum.

ligroin (lig' -ro-in) . A product obtained from
petroleum; it is used in pharmacy as a solvent and
for burning in sponge-lamps.

ligula (lig'-u-lah) [dim. of lingua, a tongue]. 1. A
small tongue-shaped organ. 2. The strip of white
matter on the margin of the fourth ventricle. See
lingula.

ligule (lig'-ul) [ligula, a variety of lingula, a little
tongue; a strap]. Same as ligula.

ligusticum (li-gus'-tik-um). See lavage.

Lilienfeld's theory of blood-coagulation. This
attributes to the nucleoproteid the power of splitting
the fibrinogen into globulin and thrombosin, the
thrombosin uniting with calcium to form fibrin.

lUy-of-the-valley. See under convallaria.

liman (li'-man) [XijuV. a marshy lake]. A sheet
of water isolated from the sea and converted into a
salt lake. 1. cure, the treatment of diseases by bath-
ing in limans at Odessa.

limanol (li'-man-ol). An extract obtained from
boiling the mud of the limans at Odessa. It is used
as an application in gout.

limatura (lim-at-u'-rah) [limare, to file]. Filings.
1. chalybis, 1. ferri, iron filings.

limb (Urn) [AS., lint]. 1. One of the extremities
attached to the sides of the trunk and used for
prehension or locomotion. 2. An elongated structure
resembling a limb, as the limbs of the internal capsule.

limbic (lim'-bik) [limbus, a border]. Marginal;
pertaining to a border. 1. fissure. See fissure.
1. lobe, that surrounding the corpus callosum.

limbus (Urn' -bus) [L.]. A border; the circum-
ferential edge of any flat organ or part. 1. acetabuli,

LIME

513

LINE

the cotyloid ligament. 1. alveolaris, the alveolar
process. 1. conjunctivae, the rim of conjunctiva that
overlaps the corneal epithelium. 1. corneas, the edge
of the cornea at its junction with the sclerotic coat.
1. fossae ovalis, the annulus ovalis. 1. laminae spiralis,
the spiral membranous cushion at the border of the
osseous spiral lamina of the cochlea. 1. luteus. See
macula lutea. 1. sphenoidalis, the sharp anterior
edge of the groove on the sphenoid bone for the
optic commissure. 1. Vieussenii. The limbus fossae
ovalis.

lime (Itm) [Pers., limu, a lemon], i. The fruit of
several species of Citrus, as C. limetta. 2. [AS., lim,
cement.] Calcium oxide, CaO {quicklime) . Calcium
oxide has a great affinity for water and for CO2.
On contact with the former, slaked lime is formed,
with the evolution of heat. On living tissues it
acts as a caustic. See also calcium and calx. 1.,
chlorinated {calx chlorinata, U. S. P., B.P.), the
chloride of lime of commerce. It is not a distinct
chemical compound; its chief constituent, and the
one on which its disinfectant properties depend, is
calcium hypochlorite, which liberates chlorine.
l.-juice, the juice of the lime. 1., milk of, a milky
fluid consisting of calcium hydroxide suspended in
water. 1., slaked, a common term for lime; correctly,
it is lime which has been acted on by water. 1., sul-
phureted. See calx sulphurata. 1., syrup of {syrupus
calcis, U. S. P.), contains 5 % lime, 30 % sugar,
65 % water. It is the antidote to poisoning by
phenol or oxalic acid. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc).
l.-water {liquor calcis, U. S. P.), a solution con-
taining about 1 5 parts of lime in 1000 of water.
Dose 5-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). It is used as an antacid.

limen insulae {li'-men) [L.; pi., limina]. The
imaginary line separating the anterior perforated
substance from the island of Reil. 1. nasi, the bound-
ary-line between the osseous and cartilaginous por-
tions of the nasal cavity.

limes death {li'-mez) [limes, boundary, limit].
The smallest amount of toxin which after being
mixed with an antitoxin unit, will cause the death
of a guinea pig within four or five days. 1. zero,
the dose of toxin which is just neutralized by one
antitoxin unit.

limic {li'-mik) [Xi/z6s, hunger]. Pertaining to
hunger.

litninal {Um'-in-aT) [limen, threshold]. Pertaining
to the threshold, especially pertaining to the lowest
limit of perception.

limiting membrane, external. The thin layer be-
tween the outer nuclear layer of the retina and that
of the rods and cones. 1. membrane, internal, in the
eye, the inner layer of the retina.

limitrophes {lim-W -ro-fez) [limes, a boundary;
Tp<xt>7], nourishment]. The sympathetic ganglia and
their connections.

limitropbic {lim-it-rof'-ik). Regulating the pro-
cesses of nutrition; a qualification sometimes applied
to the great ganglionic cord of the sympathetic
nerve-system, or to that system at large; pertaining
to the sympathetic nerves.

limnemic {lim-ne'-mik) [\lnvri, marsh]. Pertaining
to, or caused by the influence of, a marsh.

limnobios {lim-no' -be-os) {Kifivq, a lake; /St'os, life].
The organic world of fresh water.

limnomephitis {lim-no-me-fi'-tis) [XLnvrj, marsh;
mephitis, noxious odor]. Any miasm or noxious
odor arising from marshy ground or swamps.

limo {li'-mo) [L.]. Lemon. The fruit of Citrus
limonum, a tree of the order Rutacece. The pulp
contains a large amount of citric acid, limonis
cortex (U. S. P.), the rind of lemon, yields an essential
oil and a glucoside, hesperidin, C22H26O12. limonis,
oleum (U. S. P.), oil of lemon. Dose 1-5 min.
(0.065-0.32 Cc). limonis succus (U. S. P.), lemon-
juice, is refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Locally it
has been used in pruritus, sunburn, and as a gargle
in diphtheria, limonis, syrupus (B. P.), is used as a
refrigerant and vehicle.

limoctonia {lim-ok-to'-ne-ah) [\l/j.6s, hunger; Kreivew,
to destroy]. Death from hunger; suicide by hunger.

limonin {lim'-o-nin) [limo], C26H30O8 (?). A gluco-
side from seeds of apples and lemons.

limophthisis {lim-off'-this-is) [Xi/ios, hunger; <t>diais,
wasting]. The wasting of the body due to privation
and lack of food.

limophoitos, limophoitosis {lim-o-fo'-it-os, lim-o-fo-
it-o'-sis) [Xi/x6s, hunger; <j>oIto%, madness]. Insanity
due to hunger or lack of nutrition.
18

limophoitosic {lim-o-fo-it-o'-sik) [limophoitos]. In-
sane from hunger or underfeeding.

limopsora {lim-op-so'-rah) [\infc, hunger; xf/upa,
itch]. A kind of scabies (or pruritus?) asserted to
attack man and other animals after long deprivation
of food.

limopsorus {lim-op-so'-rus) [Xi^os, hunger; \pupa,
itch]. A disease, like scurvy, pellagra, or famine-
fever, due to poor or insufficient food.

limoseric {lim-o-ser'-ik) [Xi^os, hunger]. Pertaining
to or caused by hunger.

limo sis {lim-o'-sis) [Xifios, hunger]. 1. Unnatural
appetite. 2. A disease distinguished by depraved
appetite.

limotherapy {lim-o-ther'-ap-e) [\ifj.6sr hunger; depa-
ireia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by partial
or total deprivation of food. It has been used in
the treatment of aneurysm.

limp. A halting gait. See claudicatio.

limping {limp'-ing). Walking with a halting gait.
1., intermittent. See claudication, intermittent.

linadin {lin'-ad-in). An insoluble, dark-brown
powder containing 1 % of iron and 0.023 % of iodine,
prepared from the spleen of animals. Dose in malari-
al cachexia 150-385 gr. (10-25 Gm.).

linagogue, linagogus {lin'-ag-og, lin-ag-o'-gus)
[linum, thread; ayuyos, leading]. An instrument used
in guiding the course of a suture.

linalool {lin-al'-o-ol), CioHisO. A fragrant liquid
occurring in oils of lign aloe, lavender, and bergamot.

linamarin {lin-am-ar'-in) [linum, flax; amara,
bitter]. The toxic glucoside of common flax.

lincture {link'-tur) [lingere, to lick]. A medicine
to be taken by licking; an electuary.

linctus {link'-tus) [L.]. Same as lincture.

line, linea {lin, lin'-e-ah) [linea, a line]. 1. Ex-
tension of dimension having length, but neither
breadth nor thickness. 2. The ^ part of an inch.
3. In anatomy, anything resembling a mathematical
line in having length without breadth or thickness;
a boundary or guide-mark. 1., abdominal. See
abdominal, linea alba. 1. A tendinous raphe
extending in the median line of the abdomen from the
pubes to the ensiform cartilage; it is formed by the
blending of the aponeuroses of the oblique and
transversalis muscles. 2. Hunter's line, the anterior
peduncles of the pineal gland, lineae albicantes,
glistening white lines in either iliac region of the
abdomen, seen in distention of the abdomen from
pregnancy, ascites, or tumors. 1., alveolobasilar,
a line joining the basion and the alveolar point.
1., alveonasal, a line joining the nasal and alveolar
points, linea aspera, a rough longitudinal ridge on
the posterior surface of the middle third of the
femur, dividing below into two and above into
three ridges. 1., auriculobregmatic, a line passing
from the auricular point to the bregma, and dividing
the preauricular from the postauricular part of the
cranium, l.s, axillary, anterior and posterior,
vertical lines extending downward from the axilla
on the side of the trunk. 1., base, a line running
backward from the infraorbital ridge through the
middle of the external auditory meatus, and pro-
longed; to the middle line of the head posteriorly.
1., basiobregmatic, the line joining the basion and
the bregma. 1., Baudelocque's. See Baudelocque's
line, l.s, Beau's. See Beau's line. 1., biauricular,
the line separating the anterior from the posterior
portion of the skull; it extends from one auditory
foramen over the vertex to the other. 1., blue, the
blue line at the dental margin of the gums in chronic
lead-poisoning. 1., Bryant's. See Bryant's line.
1., Camper's. See Camper's line. 1., Clapton's.
See Clapton's line. 1., Conradi's. See Conradi's
line. 1., Corrigan's. See Corrigan's line. 1., costo-
articular, a line drawn between the sternoclavicular
articulation and the point of the eleventh rib. 1.,
costoclavicular. See I., parasternal. 1., curved,
inferior (of the ilium), a line extending from the
upper part of the anterior inferior spinous process of
the ilium, and terminating at the middle of the great
sciatic notch. 1., curved, inferior (of the occipital
bone), a ridge extending transversely across the
outer surface of the occipital bone a short distance
below the superior curved line. 1., curved, middle
(of the ilium), a line commencing about an inch or
an inch and a half behind the anterior superior spine
of the ilium and arching backward and downward to
the upper margin of the great sciatic notch. 1.,
curved, superior (of the ilium), a line commencing

LINE

514

LINGULA

about two inches in front of the posterior extremity
of the crest of the ilium and curving downward and
forward toward the posterior part of the great sciatic
notch. 1., curved, superior (of the occipital bone),
a semicircular line, passing outward and forward
from the external occipital protuberance. 1. of
demarcation, a line of division between healthy and
gangrenous tissues, l.s, Eberth's. See Eberth's
lines. 1., Ellis'. See Ellis' line. 1., embryonic,
the primitive trace in the center of the germinal area
of the ovum, linea eminens (of the cricoid cartilage),
a mesial ridge on the dorsal half of the cricoid carti-
lage, linea eminens (of the patella), a ridge on the
posterior surface of the patella, dividing that surface
into two unequal parts, the outer of which is the
larger. 1., epiphyseal, the thin layer of cartilage at
first separating the borders of the diaphysis and
epiphysis. 1., facial, i. A straight line tangential
to the glabella and some point at the lower portion
of the face. 2. See Camper's line. 1. of fixation,
an imaginary line drawn from the object viewed
through the center of rotation of the eye. l.s,
Fraunhofer's. See Fraunhofer's lines, l.s, From-
mann's. See Frommann's lines. 1., genal, a line
seen in the faces of children, in certain diseases,
running downward from the region of the malar bone
to join the nasal line. See Jadelot's lines. 1.,
gingival, Burton's, a reddish streak or margin at the
reflected edge of the gums. 1. of Haller. See linea
splendens of Haller. 1., Hilton's. See Hilton's line.
1., Holden's. See Holden's line. 1., Hunter's. See
linea alba (2). 1., iliopectineal, the bony ridge
marking the brim of the true pelvis, situated partly
on the ilium and partly on the pubis. 1., incremental,
Salter's, a curved line in dentin, supposed to indicate
the laminar structure, and to correspond to the
successive laminae or strata of dentin. 1., inter-
trochanteric, anterior, a line upon the anterior surface
of the femur, separating the neck and shaft, extending
between the tubercle and a point close to and in
front of the lesser trochanter. 1., intertrochanteric,
posterior, a ridge on the posterior surface of the
femur, extending between the greater and lesser
trochanters. 1., intertubercular, an imaginary trans-
verse line drawn around the abdomen at the level
of the tubercles, on the iliac crests, that is about two
inches behind the anterior superior iliac spines, l.s,
Jadelot's. See Jadelot's lines, l.s, Kirchoff's. See
Fraunhofer's lines. 1., Ligar's. See Ligar's line.
1., mammary. 1. A line from one nipple to the other.
2. Often, but incorrectly used, for I. mamillary, a. v.
1., mammillary, a vertical line passing through the
center of the nipple. 1., mylohyoidean. See I.,
oblique, internal (of the inferior maxilla). 1., naso-
basUar, the line drawn through the basion and the
nasal point. 1., Nelaton's. See Nelaton's line.
1., nigra, a dark pigmented line often present in preg-
nant women and extending from the pubes upward
in the median line. 1., nipple-. Same as I., mam-
millary. 1., nuchal, inferior, the inferior curved
line of the occiput. 1., nuchal, median, the external
occipital protuberance. 1., nuchal, superior, the
superior curved line of the occiput. 1., oblique (of
the fibula), a prominent ridge on the internal surface
of the shaft of the fibula, commencing above at the
inner side of the head, and terminating in the inter-
osseous ridge at the lower fourth of the bone. 1.,
oblique (of the radius), a prominent ridge running
from the lower part of the bicipital tuberosity, down-
ward and outward, to form the anterior border of
the bone. 1., oblique (of the thyroid cartilage), a
line extending downward and outward from the tu-
bercle of the thyroid cartilage. 1., oblique (of the
tibia), a rough ridge that crosses the posterior surface
of the tibia obliquely downward from the back part
of the articular facet for the fibula to the internal
border. 1., oblique, external (of the inferior maxilla),
a prominent ridge on the external surface of the
inferior maxilla just below the mental foramen
from which it runs outward, upward, and backward
to the anterior margin of the ramus. 1., oblique,
internal (of the inferior maxilla), a ridge on the
internal surface of the lower jaw, commencing at the
posterior portion of the sublingual fossa, continuing
upward and outward so as to pass just below the
last two molar teeth. 1., oculozygomatic, one of
Jadelot's lines indicative of spinal disease. 1.,
Ogston's. See Ogston's line. 1., parasternal, a line
midway between the nipple-line and the border of
the sternum. 1., pectineal, the portion of the ilio-

pectineal line that is formed by the pubic bone.
1., primitive, the primitive streak of the embryo.
1., profile, of Camper. See Camper's line. 1., quad-
rate, an eminence on the femur commencing about
the middle of the posterior intertrochanteric line,
and descending vertically for about two inches along
the posterior surface of the shaft. 1. of regard, in
optics, the line connecting the center of rotation of
the eye with the point of fixation or of regard. 1.,
respiratory, the line connecting the bases of the up-
ward strokes in a tracing of the pulse. 1., Roser's.
Same as Nelaton's line. 1., Salter's. See incre-
mental line. 1., scapular, a vertical line downward
from the lower angle of the scapula. 1., semicircular,
Douglas', the curved lower edge of the internal layer
of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle of
the abdomen, where it ceases to cover the posterior
surface of the rectus muscle. 1., semilunar, of
Spigelius, a curved tendinous condensation of the
aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the
abdomen, running along the outer border of the rectus
abdominis. 1. of sight, an imaginary line drawn from
the object viewed to the center of the pupil, liuea
splendens of Haller, a longitudinal fibrous band
extending along the middle, line of the anterior
surface of the spinal pia mater. 1., sternal, the
median line of the sternum. 1., sternomastoid, a
line drawn from a point between the two heads of
the sternomastoid muscle to the mastoid process.
1., subcostal, an imaginary transverse line drawn
around the abdomen at the level of the lower border
of the tenth costal cartilage. 1., supraorbital, a line
extending horizontally across the forehead im-
mediately above the root of the external angular
process of the frontal bone. 1., test-, a line for
detecting shortening of the neck of the femur. If
two lines are drawn to meet at right angles, one of
them backward from the anterior superior spinous
process of the ilium, and the other upward from the
top of the trochanter major, the latter is the test-
line; its length is to be compared with the same line
on the uninjured side. Syn., Bryant's line. 1.,
Thompson's. See Thompson's line. 1., transverse
(of the abdomen), the tendinous intersections in the
course of the rectus abdominis muscle. 1., trapezoid,
the line of attachment of the trapezoid ligament on
the inferior surface of the outer portion of the clavicle.
1., Virchow's. See Virchow's line. 1., visual, an
imaginary line, drawn from a point looked at,
through the nodal point of the eye, to the macula
lutea.

lineage (lin'-e-aj) [linea, a line]. The line of
descent from an ancestor; ancestry.

lineal (lin'-e-al) [linea, line]. Pertaining to
lineage. See also linear.

lineament (lin'-e-am-ent) [lineamentum ; linea, a
line]. The outline of the face, or of any of its
features. Also, the outline of the embryo.

linear (lin'-e-ar) [linea, a line]. Resembling or
pertaining to a line. Applied in biology to an organ
that is narrow, many times longer than broad, and
that has parallel margins. 1. craniectomy. See
craniectomy. 1. extraction. See cataract. 1. frac-
ture, one forming a line, and attended with little or
no displacement of the fragments.

Ling's system [Pier Henrik Ling, Swedish physi-
cian, 1776-1839]. A method of treatment of disease
by gymnastic and other rhythmical movements of
the body. Syn., kinetotherapy.

lingam (lin'-gam). See phallus,

Lingism (ling'-izm). See Ling's system.

lingua (ling'-gwah) [L.]. The tongue. 1. exigua,
the epiglottis. 1. fraenata, tongue-tie. 1. geograph-
ica, the geographical tongue. See tongue, geographical.
1. nigra. See glossophytia.

lingual (ling'-gwal) [lingua]. Pertaining to or
shaped like the tongue. 1. artery. See under
artery. 1. bone, the hyoid bone. 1. delirium. See
delirium. 1. lobule. See subcalcarine convolution.
1. nerve. See under nerve. 1. tonsil, a quantity of
lymph tissue at the base of the tongue.

lingualis (ling-gwa'-lis). See muscles, table of.

linguiform (ling'-gwif-orm) [lingua, tongue; forma,
form]. Shaped like a tongue.

lingula (ling'-gu-lah) [dim. of lingua]. A small
lobule between the valve of Vieussens and the central
lobule of the cerebellum. Syn., linguetta laminosa.
1. auriculae, the cartilaginous projection toward or
into the upper portion of the lobe of the ear. 1.
mandibularis, the prominent, thin scale of bone

LINGULAR

515

LIPOMA

partly surrounding the inferior dental foramen of
the lower jaw. 1. sphenoidalis, a small, tongue-like
process extending backward in the angle formed
by the body of the sphenoid and one of its greater
wings. 1. of Wrisberg, the connecting fibers of the
motor and sensory roots of the trifacial nerve.

lingular (ling'-gu-lar) [lingula, a little tongue].
Of or pertaining to a little tongue.

lingulate (ling'-gu-lat) [lingula]. Tongue-shaped.

liniment, linimentum (lin'-i-ment, lin-im-en' -turn)
[liner e, to smear]. A liquid intended for application
to the skin by gentle friction. The following are
official in the U. S. P.: linimentum ammonia or
volatile liniment; I. belladonna; I. calcis or Carron
oil; I. camphor a or camphorated oil; I. chloroformi ;
I. saponis; I. saponis mollis or tincture of green soap;
I. terebinthince. 1., St. John Long's, liniment of
turpentine and acetic acid (linimentum terebinthince
aceticum, B. P.).

linin (li'-nin) [linum, flax], i. A strongly purga-
tive principle obtainable from Linum catharticum,
or purging flax. 2. In biology, minute threads ex-
tending between the individual microsomata (ids)
in a cell-nucleus. The achromatin of the nuclear
network; par achromatin, less correctly called nucleo-
hyaloplasm.

linition (lin-ish'-un) [see liniment]. The process
of applying a liniment.

linitis (li-ni'-tis) [\lvov, web; wis, inflammation].
Inflammation of the network of filamentous areolar
tissue surrounding the gastric vessels. 1. plastica,
fibrinous infiltration of the pylorus.

linolein (lin-o'-le-in) [linum; oleum, oil]. The
neutral fat contained in linseed-oil, and to which its
drying property is due.

linseed (lin'-sed). See linum. l.-oil. See lini,
oleum, under linum.

lint [linum]. A loosely woven or partly felted
mass of broken linen fibers, made by scraping or
picking linen cloth. It is used as a dressing for
wounds. 1., common, lint that is twilled on one
side and woolly on the other. In the spreading of
an ointment the twilled side is used. 1., patent,
lint that is scraped on both sides, a soft finish being
thus given the two surfaces. Syn., English charpie.

lintin (lin'-tin). Absorbent cotton rolled or com-
pressed into sheets.

linum (li'-num) [L.]. The seed of L. usitatissimum,
a plant of the order Linea, containing a fatty sub-
stance, linolein, which is the glycerid of linoleic acid.
It is a demulcent, emollient, and expectorant, useful
in inflammations of mucous membranes. Syn.,
flaxseed; linseed, lini, cataplasma (B. P.), a poultice
made from linseed meal. 1. catharticum, an active
purgative and vermifuge, lini farina (B. P.), flax-
seed meal, used as a poultice, lini, infusum (B. P.),
flaxseed tea. Dose indefinite, lini, oleum (U. S. P.),
the fixed oil of flaxseed, a glycerid of linoleic acid.
Dose |-2 oz. (16-64 Cc). lini semina (B. P.),
linseed or flaxseed.

liodermia (li-o-der'-me-ah) [Xelos, smooth; okpp.a,
skin]. A condition of abnormal smoothness and
glossiness of the skin.

liomyofibroma (li-o-mi-o-fi-bro'-mah) [liomyoma ;
fibroma]. A tumor presenting the characteristics
of a liomyoma and a fibroma.

liomyoma (li-o-mi-o'-mah) [XeZos, smooth; myoma].
A tumor composed of unstriped muscular tissue.

liotrichous (li-ot'-rik-us). See leiotrichous.

Liouville's icterus (le-oo-veV) [Henri Liouville,
French physician, 1837-1887]. Icterus neonatorum.

lip [AS., lippa]. 1. One of the two fleshy folds
surrounding the orifice of the mouth. 2. One of
the labia majora or labia minora. See labium.
3. The border of a wound.

lipa (li'-pah) [L.]. Fat.

lipacidemia (lip-as-id-e' -me-ah) [Xi-n-os, fat; al/xa,
blopd]^ Presence of fatty acids in the blood.

lipaciduria (lip-as-id-u'-re-ah) [Xiiroj, fat; acid;
ovpov, urine]. The presence of fatty acids in the urine.

lipaemia (lip-e' -me-ah) . See lipemia.

lipanin (lip'-an-in). A substitute for cod-liver
oil, consisting of pure olive-oil and 6 % of oleic acid.
Dose 2 to 6 tablespoonfuls daily.

lipara (lip'-ar-ah) [\urap6s, fatty]. An emollient
plaster.

liparia (lip-a'-re-ah) [Xnrapta, fatness]. Fatness;
obesity.

liparocele (lip'-ar-o-sel) [XtVos, fat; k^Xtj, a tumor],
A fatty tumor or cyst ; a hernia containing fatty tissue.

liparoid (lip'-ar-oid) [\1wap65, fatty; elSos, like].
Resembling fat.

liparomphalos (lip-ar-om'-fal-os) [Knrapos, fat;
6n<pa\6s, the navel]. A fatty tumor situated at the
navel, or involving the umbilical cord.

liparoscirrhus (lip-ar-o-skir'-us) [Knrapos, fat; ova'p-
pos, a carcinomatous growth]. A fatty, scirrhous
tumor.

liparotrichia (lip-ar-o-trik'-e-ah) [Xtwapos, fat; dpU-,
hair]. Abnormal greasiness of the hair.

liparous (lip'-ar-us) [Xtir apos, fat]. Fat; obese.

lipase (lip'-as) [Xi7ros, fat]. A fat-splitting en-
zyme contained in the pancreatic juice, in blood-
plasma, and in many plants.

lipectomy (lip-ek'-to-me) [XiVos, fat; ocro/^, exci-
sion]. Excision of fatty tissue.

lipemania (li-pe-ma'-ne-ah). See lypemania.

lipemia (lip-e' -me-ah) [Xlwos, fat; alp.a, blood].
The presence of an emulsion of fine oil-globules in
the blood, sometimes found in diabetes.

liphemia (li-fe' -me-ah) . See oligemia.

lipin (li'-pin) [XiVos, fat]. A general term for
fats, fatty acids, lipoids, soaps, etc.

lipiodol (lip-i'-o-dol). An oil containing 40 % of
iodine in each cubic centimeter.

Lipliawsky's test (lip-le-aw'-ske). For diacetic
acid in the urine: two solutions are needed: (a) a 1 %
solution of paramidoacetophenon with addition of
2 Cc. of concentrated HO shaken thoroughly;
(b) a 1 % aqueous solution of potassium nitrite;
6 Cc. of the first is mixed with 3 Cc. of the second,
an equal volume of urine added, and a drop of am-
monia. To 10 drops to 2 Cc. of this mixture add
15 to 20 Cc. of concentrated HC1, 3 Cc. of chloro-
form, and 2 to 4 drops of iron chloride solution.
If the test-tube is corked and gently but repeatedly
inverted, in the presence of diacetic acid the chloro-
form will show a characteristic violet color — the
deepness of the color depending upon the amount
present.

lipo- (lip-o-) [Xt7ros, fat]. A prefix meaning fat or
fatty.

lipobromol (lip-o-bro'-mol). Oil of poppyseed
combined with 33.3 % of bromine; a bland, almost
tasteless preparation.

lipocardiac (lip-o-kar'-de-ak) [lipo-; icapbla, the
heart]. Pertaining to a fatty heart.

lipocele (lip'-o-sel). Synonym of liparocele, q. v.

lipochondroma (lip-o-kon-dro'-mah) [lipo-; chon-
droma]. A combined fatty and cartilaginous
tumor.

lipochrin (lip'-o-krin) [XiVos, fat; &xp6s, sallow].
A yellow pigment obtained from the fat-globules in
the retinal epithelium.

lipochrome (lip'-o-krom) [lipo-; xpw»*. color].
Any one of a special group of fatty pigments found
in animal tissues.

lipoclastic (lip-o-klas'-tik) [lipo-; /cXden', to break].
Fat splitting.

lipodermatous (lip-o-der' -mat-us) [Keiireiv, to leave;
8kpp.a, skin]. Affected with lipodermia.

lipodermia (li-po-der' -me-ah). See leipodermia.

lipodystrophy (lip-o-dis' -tro-fe) . A disturbance of
fat metabolism.

lipoferous (lip-of-er-us) [lipo-; ferre, to carry].
Fat carrying.

lipofibroma (lip-o-fi-bro'-mah) [lipo-; fibroma]^
A combined fatty and fibrous tumor.

lipogenesis (lip-o- j en' -es-is) [lipo-; ykveais, birth].
The formation or deposit of fat.

lipogenin (lip-oj'-en-in). An ointment-base oc-
curring in solid and liquid form, said to consist of a.
mixture of fatty acids.

lipogenous (lip-oj'-en-us) [\ltt6s, fat; yewav, to
beget]. Fat-producing.

lipoid (lip'-oid) [Xiiros, fat; elSos, like]. Resembling
fat or oil. A name given by Overton to a group of
substances in the protoplasm of all cells, especially
in the outer layer or cell membrane; they are soluble
in ether or alcohol.

lipolysis (lip-ol'-is-is) [lipo-; Xveiv, to loose]. The
decomposition of fat.

lipolytic (lip-ol-it'-ik). Fat-splitting.

lipoma (lip-o' -mah) [lipo-; 6na, a tumor]. A fatty
tumor. 1., diffuse, a tumor consisting of an irregular
mass of fatty tissue without a capsule. 1. mixtum,
a fatty tumor, the thick capsule of which causes it
to resemble fibrous growths. 1., osseous, a fatty
tumor the fibrous septa of which have become ossi-
fied.

LIPOMASIA

516

LISTING'S LAW

lipomasia (lip-o-ma'-ze-ah). i. A softened con-
dition of bone. 2. A condition of cancellous bone,
in which the spaces are widened and filled with
fatty marrow, which is anemic; the bone is soft and
brittle, and fractures and cuts easily.

lipomatoid (lip-o'-mat-oid). See lipomatous.

lipomatosis (lip-o-mat-o'-sis) [lipoma]. A general
deposition of fat; obesity.

lipomatous (lip-o'-mat-us). Of the nature of a
lipoma.

lipomeria (lip-o-me'-re-ah) [XeUeiv, to leave; nepos,
a part]. A monstrosity having one limb absent.

lipomphalus (lip-om'-fa-lus) [Upo-; 6n<f>a\6s, the
navel]. A fatty umbilical hernia.

lipomyoma (lip-o-mi-o'-mah) [Upo-; myoma]. A
myoma with fatty elements.

lipomyxoma (lip-o-miks-o'-mah) [Upo-; myxoma].
A myxoma combined with fatty tissues.

lipophrenia (lip-o-fre'-ne-ah) [Kelireiv, to fail; <f>pr)v,
mind]. Failure of mental capacity.

lipoprotein (Up-o-pro'-te-in) [Upo-; protein]. A hy-
pothetical combination of a protein with a fatty acid.

lipopsychia (lip-o-si'-ke-ah). See asthenia.

liporhodin (lip-o-ro'-din) [Upo-; f>68ov, a rose].
A red-colored lipochrome.

liposarcoma (lip-o-sar-ko'-mah) [Upo-; sarcoma].
Sarcoma with fatty elements.

liposarcous (lip-o-sar'-kus) \\direiv, to leave; <rdp£ ,
flesh]. Lean; emaciated.

liposic (lip'-o-sik). See lipolytic.

liposis (lip-o'-sis). See lipomatosis.

lipospongosis (lip-o-spun-go'-sis) [Xiiros, fatty;
(nroyyos, sponge]. The formation of a fatty or sr>onge-
like outgrowth.

lipostomatous (lip-o-sto'-mat-us) [Xeiwew, to leave;
aropa, mouth]. Having no mouth.

lipostomosis (lip-o-sto-mo'-sis) [Xetweiv, to leave;
to be lacking; arbp.a, mouth]. In biology, absence
of the oral aperture.

lipostomy (lip-os'-to-me) [\diret,i>, to leave; arbpa.,
mouth]. Atrophy of the mouth.

lipothymia (Up-o-thi'-me-ah) [Xtiveiv, to fail;
Ovpbs, life]. Faintness.

lipotrichia (lip-o-trik'-e-ah) [Xeiireiv, to fail; 0pi£,
hair]. Falling out of the hair.

lipoxanthin (lip-o-zan'-thin) [Upo-; xanthin]. A
yellow lipochrome.

lipoxenous (lip-oks'-en-us) [\eiireu>, to leave;
tkvos, host]. Applied to a parasite that leaves its
host and completes its existence independently.

lipoxeny (lip-oks'-en-e) [Xei-rreLv, to fail; |ews, a
host]. Desertion of a host by a parasite.

lipoxysm (lip-oks'-izm) [Upo-; b£vs, sharp]. Poison-
ing by means of oleic acid.

lippa (Up' -ah). Lippitudo, q. v.

lippiol (lip'-e-ol) [lippia; oleum, oil]. A medicinal
camphor derivable from Lippia mexicana.

lippitude, lippitudo (lip'-e-tud, lip-e-tu'-do) [lippus,
blear-eyed]. The state of being blear-eyed, a con-
dition marked by ulcerative marginal blepharitis.

lipsis (Up' -sis) [\tiffs, a leaving]. Cessation;
ending. 1 animi, fainting.

lipsotrychia (lip-so-trik'-e-ah) \\eiir€i.v, to leave;
«0pif, hair]. Falling out of the hair.

lipuria (lip-u'-re-ah) [XLiros, fat; ovpov, urine]. The
presence of fat in the urine.

liquable (lik'-wah-bl) [liquare, to render liquid].
Capable of being liquefied.

hquamen (lik'-wam-en) [liquare, to render liquid].
The liquid obtained by melting solids.

liquarium (lik-wa'-re-um) [liquarius, pertaining to
liquids]. Simple syrup of sugar.

' liquate (lik'-wat) [liquare, to make liquid]. To
liquefy.

liquation (lik-wa'-shun) [liquare, to render liquid].
The process of melting.

liquefacient (lik-we-fa'-shent) [liquefaciens, lique-
fying]. 1. Having the power to liquefy or soften.
2. An agent which has the power to liquefy a hard
deposit or growth.

liquefaction (lik-we-fak'-shun) [see liquefacient].
The process of changing or being changed into a
liquid, l.-necrosis. See necrosis, liquefactive.

liquef active (lik-we-fak'-tiv) [see liquefacient].
Pertaining to, causing, or characterized by lique-
faction.

liquescent (lik-wes'-ent) [liquescere, to become
liquid]. Becoming, or tending to become, liquid.

liqueur (lik-ur') [Fr.]. An aromatic alcoholic
drink.

liquid (lik'-wid) [liquere, to melt]. 1. Fluid;
flowing. 2. A substance that flows readily and
takes the shape of the containing vessel. 1. cuticle,
collodion. 1. smoke, pyroligneous acid.

Liquidambar (lik-wid-am'-bar) [liquid; ambar,
from Ar., anbar, ambergris]. A genus of trees of
the Hamamelidece. L. altingia and L. orientalis
are species that afford a portion of commercial
styrax. L. styraciflua, of North America, contains
a stimulant gum, and is useful in diarrheas, coughs,
and colds. Syn., bilsted; copalm; sweet-gum.

liquidity (lik-wid'-it-e) [liquidus, liquid]. Fluidity;
the state of being liquid.

liquiform (Uk'-wif-orm) [liquor, liquid; forma,
form]. Of the nature of a liquid.

liquor (li'-kwor, lik'-or) [L.]. 1. Any liquid.
2. An aqueous solution of a nonvolatile substance.
1. amnii, the liquid contained in the amniotic sac.
1. amnii spurius, the oxidation products formed by
the Wolffian bodies contained as a fluid in the sac of
the allantois. Syn., allontoic fluid. 1. Bellostii,
a solution of 1 gm. of mercurous nitrate in 8 gm. of
water and 2 gm. of nitric acid. It has been used
as a test for helminthiasis and also for paralysis, as
the substances excreted in the urine in these con-
ditions are said to be precipitated or stained black
by this reagent. 1. carbonis detergens, a mixture
of coal-tar and tincture of soap-bark. 1. carnis
ferropeptonatus. See carniferrol. 1. Cotunnii, the
perilymph of the internal ear. 1. folliculi, the
fluid filling the follicle or space about the develop-
ing ovum in the Graafian follicle. 1. puris, the liquid
portion of pus. 1. sanguinis, the blood-plasma.
1. Scarpae, the endolymph. 1. ^seminis, the liquid
portion of semen.

liquorice (lik'-or-is). See glycyrrhiza. L, wild.
See abrus.

lirellate (lir'-el-at) [lira, a ridge]. Marked with
linear ridges or furrows; ridge-like; furrow-like.

lirelliform, lirelline, lirellous (lir'-el-e-form, lir'-
el-en, -us). See lirellate.

Lisfranc's amputation (lis-frank') [Jacques Lis-
franc, French surgeon, 1790-1847]. A disarticulation
of the metatarsal bones from the tarsus. L.'s joint,
the tarsometatarsal articulation. L.'s tubercle, a
rough spot on the anterior surface of the first rib
near the superior border. It serves for the attach-
ment of the scalenus anticus muscle.

lisp. To imperfectly pronounce the sibilant letters.

lisping (lisp'-ing) [AS., wlispian, to lisp]. A
defect of speech in which sibilant letters are sounded
like Unguals, especially 5 as th.

Lissauer's parietal angle (lis'-ow-er) [Heinrich
Lissauer, German neurologist, 1861-1891]. That
included between lines drawn from "the bregma
and lambda to the most prominent point of the
parietal bone. L.'s tract, the narrow bridge of white
substance between the apex of the posterior horn and
the periphery of the spinal cord; it is traversed by
some of the root-fibers. Syn., Lissauer's marginal
zone.

lissencephalous (lis-en-sef'-al-us) [Xuro-os, smooth;
<=y/ce0aXos, the brain]. Having a brain with few or no
convolutions.

lissotrichous (lis-ot'-rik-us) \\iacrbs, smooth; OpL£,
hair]. In biology, having straight, smooth hair;
less correctly written leiotrichous and liotrichous.

Lister's double salt (lis'-ter) [Lord Joseph Lister,
English surgeon, 1827-1912]. The cyanide of
mercury and of zinc. L.'s dressing, gauze impreg-
nated with phenol in some other antiseptic, or plain
aseptic gauze, used as a dressing for wounds. L.'s
method, Listerism, q. v.

listenne (lis'-ter-en) [Lord Joseph Lister, English
surgeon, 1827-1912]. A proprietary antiseptic
preparation said to contain thymol, eucalyptus,
baptisia, gaultheria, mentha arvensis, benzoic and
boric acids. A similar preparation is the liquor
antisepticus of the U. S. P.

Listerism (lis'-ter-izm). A general name for the
antiseptic and aseptic treatment of wounds according
to the principles first enunciated by Lord Lister.

Listing's law (lis' -ting) [John Benedict Listing,
German physicist]. When the line of sight passes
from its primary position into any other position,
the angle of rotation of the eyeball in this second
position is the same as if the eyeball had been rotated
about a fixed axis, perpendicular to both the first
and the second direction of the line of sight. L.'s
plane, the vertical transverse plane perpendicular

LISTOL

517

LITHOMALACIA

to the anteroposterior axis of the eyeball, which
passes through the center of motion of the eyes and
in which lie the vertical and transverse axes of normal
voluntary rotation. L.'s reduced eye, a scheme
for simplifying optical problems by representing the
two nodal points and the two principal points of the
eye by a mean nodal point and a mean principal
point.

listol (lis'-tol). An antiseptic said to consist of
thymol and iodine.

liter (le'-ter) [litra, a pound]. The unit of capacity
in the metric system, equal to 0.88036 of an imperial
quart, or 1.056 U. S. quarts; it is the volume of one
kilogram of water at its maximum density.

lithagogectasia (lith-ag-o-jek-ta'-ze-ah) [\Ldos, stone;
ayuyos, leading; e/cTaais, a stretching out]. Lithec-
tasy.

lithagogue (lith'-ag-og) [Kidos, a stone; iyayos,
leading]. 1. Expelling calculi. 2. Any agent tend-
ing to expel calculi from the bladder.

lithangiuria (lith-an-je-u'-re-ah) [Kidos, a stone;
ayyeiov, vessel; ovpov, urine]. A diseased condition
of the urinary tract due to the presence of calculi.

litharge (lith'-arj). See plumbi oxidum under
plumbum.

lithargyrium (lith-ar-ji'-re-um). Litharge.

lithargyrius (lith-ar-ji'-re-us) [L.]. A litharge of
a yellowish hue ; gold litharge.

lithargyrum (lith-ar' -ji-rum) [L.]. Litharge.

lithargyrus (lith-ar' -ji-rus) [L.]. Litharge, particu-
larly silver litharge.

lithate (lith'-at) [Kidos, a stone]. A salt of lithic
(uric) acid; a urate.

lithecboly (lith-ek'-bo-le) [Kidos, a stone; e«/3o\i7, a
throwing out]. Expulsion of a calculus by contrac-
tion of the bladder and dilatation of its neck.

lithectasy (lith-ek'-las-e) [Kidos, a stone; earao-is,
a stretching out]. Dilatation of the urethra and
neck of the bladder for the removal of calculi.

lithectomy (lith-ek'-to-me) [litho-; i/crony, a cutting
out]. Same as lithotomy.

lithemia, lithaemia (lith-e'-me-ah) [litho-; alfia,
blood]. A condition in which, owing to defective
metabolism of the nitrogenous elements, the blood
becomes charged with deleterious substances, princi-
pally, perhaps, of the uric-acid group, although their
exact chemical nature is not determined.

lithemic (lith-e'-mik) [lithemia]. Pertaining to or
suffering from lithemia.

lithepsy (lith-ep'-se). See lithodialysis.

lithia (lith'-e-ah) [lithium], LbO. Lithium oxide,
l.-water, mineral water containing lithium salts in
solution.

lithiasis {lith-i'-as-is) [Kidos, a stone]. The forma-
tion of calculi in the body.

lithiatry (lith-i'-at-re). The medicinal treatment of
calculus.

lithic (lith'-ik). 1. Pertaining to calculi. 2. Per-
taining to lithium. 1. acid. See acid, uric. 1. dia-
thesis, the tendency to gout.

lithica (lith'-ik-ah). Agents counteracting lithiasis.

lithiolaxine (lith-e-o-laks'-en). A proprietary
effervescing preparation containing lithium citrate,
5 grains, and sodium phosphate, 30 grains, in each
teaspoonful. It is used as an hepatic stimulant.

lithiopiperazin (lith-e-o-pip' -er-az-in) . A combina-
tion of lithium and piperazin which forms a granular
powder readily soluble in water. It is antiarthritic.
Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) daily.

lithium {lith'-e-um) [Kidos, a stone]. Symbol Li;
atomic weight 6.94; quantivalence 1. A soft, silver-
white metal belonging to the group of alkalies. It is
the lightest solid element, having a specific gravity
of 0.585. The salts of lithium are used in medicine
for their solvent power of uric acid, with which
they form easily soluble salts. They are, therefore,
employed in rheumatic and gouty affections. 1. ace-
tate, LiC2H302+2H20, colorless crystals soluble in
water; diuretic. Dose 8-24 gr. (0.52-1.6 Gm.).
1. arsenate, 2Li3As04 +H2O, an alterative. Dose <JV-
^gr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.). 1. benzoate (lithii benzoas,
U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). 1. bitar-
trate, LiCjHsOe . H2O. It is diuretic and laxative,
and is used in gout. Dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). 1. bro-
mide (lithii bromidum, U. S. P.), has the action of the
bromides. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 1. carbonate
(lithii carbonas, U. S. P.). Dose 5~i5 gr. (0.32-1.0
Gm.). l.-carmin, a solution of carmin in lithium
carbonate, used as a stain for tissue. 1. citrate (lithii
citras, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.).

1. citrate, effervescent (lithii citras effervescens, U. S.
P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). 1. dithiosalicylate, LL-Cu-
H8S2O6, used in gout and rheumatism. Dose 3-10
gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). l.-diuretin. Same as uropherin.
1. formate, LiCHC^+ILO; used in rheumatism and
gout. Dose I oz. (15 Cc.) 1 % aqueous solution.

1. glycerophosphate, 1. glycerophosphate, LbPOv
C3H5(OH)2; a nerve-tonic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0
Gm.). 1. iodate, LHO3, used in gout. Dose i|-3 gr.
(0.1-0.2 Gm.). 1. iodide, Lil, used in chronic sciatica
and gout. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.32 Gm.). 1. salicy-
late (lithii salicylas, U. S. P.). Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-

/OH
2.6 Gm.). 1. sozoiodolate, C6H2— 12 white

\S03Li,
plates; used as an antiseptic. 1. sulphoichthyolate,
used in rheumatism. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 1.
valerate, 1. valerianate, LiCsH^, antispasmodic,
antilithic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.).

lithiuria (lith-e-u'-re-ah) [litho-; olpov, urine].
Lithuria, q. v.

litho- (lith-o-) [Kidos, a stone]. A prefix denoting
relation to stone or to calculi.

lithobexis (lith-o-beks'-is) [litho-; (Mil-, cough].
Cough with expectoration of calcareous particles.

lithobiotic (lith-o-bi-ot'-ik). See cryptobiotic.

lithocenosis (lith-o-sen-o'-sis) [litho-; Kevuais, evacu-
ation]. The extraction of the fragments of calculi
that have been crushed.

lithoclast (lith'-o-klast): See lithotrite.

lithoclastic (lith-o-klas'-tik) [litho- ; KKaeiv, to break].
Relating to the surgical crushing of a calculus in the
bladder.

lithoclasty (lith'-o-klas-te). Lithotrity, q. v.

lithoclysmia (lith-o-kliz'-me-ah) [litho-; kKvo-ho.,
clyster]. An injection of solvent liquids into the
bladder for the removal of calculi.

lithocystotomy (lith-o-sis-tof -o-me) [litho-; kvo-tis,
bladder; row, a cut]. Lithotomy, q. v.

lithocysturia (lith-o-sis-tu'-re-ah) [litho-; kvo-tis,
bladder; ovpov, urine]. Disease of the bladder caused
by lithuria.

lithodectasy (lith-o-dek'-tas-e). Lithectasy, q. v.

lithodialysis (lith-o-di-al'-is-is) [litho-; SloKvclv, to
dissolve]. 1. The solution of calculi in the bladder.

2. The operation of breaking a vesical calculus previ-
ous to its removal.

lithodialytic (lith-o-di-al-it'-ik) [litho-; SiaKveiv,
to dissolve]. Relating to or causing lithodialysis.

lithofellic (lith-o-fel'-ik) [litho-; fel, the gall-
bladder]. Relating to biliary lithiasis.

lithogenesis (lith-o-jen'-es-is) [litho-; ykveais, gene-
sis]. The formation of calculi or stones.

lithogenous (lith-oj'-en-us) [litho-; yewav, to beget].
Pertaining to or causing the formation of calculi
or stones.

lithogeny (lith-oj'-en-e). See lithogenesis.

lithoid, lithoidal (lith'-oid, lith-oid'-al) [litho-;
eUos, like]. Resembling a stone.

lithokelyphopedion (lith-o-kel-if-o-pe'-de-on) [litho- ;
nkKv<pos, shell; vaibiov, child]. Calcification of the
fetus and the fetal membranes.

lithokelyphos (lith-o-kel'-if-os) [litho-; k£Kv<pos, an
eggshell]. See lithopedion.

lithokonion (lith-o-ko' -ne-on) [litho-; kovl&v, to
pulverize]. An instrument formerly used in pulver-
izing vesical calculi.

litholabe (lith' -o-lab) [litho-; Kafieiv, to seize]. An
instrument for grasping and holding a vesical calculus
during an operation for its removal.

litholaby (lith-ol'-a-be). See lithotrity.

litholapaxy (lith-ol-ap-ak'-se) [litho-; Kaira^s,
removal]. An operation for crushing a stone in the
bladder and removing the fragments at the same sit-
ting.

litholein (lith-o' -le-in) [litho-; oleum, oil]. A sub-
stance similar to vaselin, and, because of its anti-
septic and antiparasitic qualities, proposed as a sub-
stitute for it. It is oily, of neutral reaction, without
smell or taste, and contains no fat.

lithology (lith-ol'-o-je) [litho-; Kbyos, science]. The
science of the nature and treatment of calculi.

litholysis (Uth-oV -is-is) . See lithodialysis.

litholyte (lith'-o-lit) [litho-; Kveiv, to loose]. A
catheter used in the litholytic treatment of calculi.

litholytic (lilh-o-lit'-ik) [litho-; Kvea>, to loosen].
Pertaining to litholysis, or the dissolving of calculi
in the bladder.

lithomalacia (lith-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [litho-; na.Ko.Kla.

LITHOMETER

518

LITUATE

softness]. The softening of a stone in the bladder;
the softening of any calculus.

lithometer (lith-om'-et-er) [litho-; p.krpov, measure].
An instrument for estimating the size of a vesical
calculus.

lithometra (lith-o-me'-trah) [litho-; \xi\rpa., womb].
Ossification or concretion of, or within, the uterus.

lithomyl {lith'-o-mil) [litho-; p.vkr), mill]. An
instrument for pulverizing a calculus.

lithonephria (lith-o-nef'-re-ah) [litho-; ve<pp6s, kid-
ney]. Disease due to renal calculus.

lithonephritis (lith-o-nef-ri'-tis) [litho-; ve<ppbs, kid-
ney; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the kidney
due to the presence of renal calculi.

lithonephrosis (lith-o-nef-ro'-sis). See nephrolithi-
asis.

lithonephrotomy {lith-o-nef-rot'-o-me) [litho-; ve<ppb%,
kidney; tow, a cutting]. Incision of the kidney for
the removal of a renal calculus.

lithontripsy (lith-on-trip'-se) [litho-; rplfieiv, to rub].
Synonym of lithotripsy, q. v.

lithontriptic (lith-on-trip'-tik) [litho-; rpl0eiv, to
rub]. See lithotriptic and antilithic.

lithontriptor (lith-on-trip'-tor) [litho-; Tpifietv, to
rub]. A lithotrite.

lithopedion (lith-o-pe'-de-on) [litho-; iraiUov, child].
A retained fetus that has undergone calcareous
infiltration.

lithophone {lith'-o-fon) [litho-; <j>uvri, sound]. An
instrument for detecting by sound the presence of
calculi in the bladder.

lithoplatomy (lith-o-plat'-om-e) [litho-; irXaros,
wide]. Removal of a vesical calculus by dilating
the urethra.

lithoplaxy (lith-o-plaks'-e). See lithotrity.

lithoprion (lith-op'-re-on) [litho-; -wplwv, a saw].
An instrument for sawing instead of crushing a
vesical calculus.

lithoprisy (lith-op'-riz-e) [litho-; wplais, sawing].
The operation of sawing through a stone in the
bladder.

lithopthisis (lith-off'-this-is) [litho-; <j>6L<ns, phthisis].
Tuberculosis of the lungs with calcareous concre-
tions.

lithoscope (lith'-o-skop) [litho-; o-Koirelv, to ex-
amine]. An instrument for the detection and ex-
amination of calculi in the bladder.

lithosis (lith-o'-sis) [\ldos, a stone]. A diseased
condition of the lung caused by the inhalation and
deposition in the lung tissue of particles of silica or
aluminum silicate. Syn., grinders' lung.

lithotecnon (lith-o-tek'-non) [litho-; rkuvov, child].
Same as lithopedion, q. v.

lithoterethrum, lithoteretron (lith-o-ter'-eth-rum,
lith-o-ter' -et-ron) [litho-; rkperpov, gimlet]. A litho-
trite.

lithothlibia (lith-o-thlib'-e-ah) [litho-; 6\l&eiv, to
press]. The operation of crushing a vesical calculus
between a sound introduced into the bladder and a
finger in the rectum or vagina.

lithothryptic (lith-o-thrip'-tic) [litho-; Opvittlkos,
breaking]. Same as lithotritic.

lithothryptist (lith-o-thrip' -list) [litho-; Qpb-wrtiv,
to break]. One who practises lithotrity.

lithothryptor {lith-o-thrip' -tor) [litho-; Opvirreiv, to
break]. An instrument used in lithotrity.

lithothrypty (lith-o-thrip' -te) [litho-; Opvirreiv, to
break]. Lithotrity; the operation of crushing a
calculus.

lithotome (lith'-o-tom) [litho-; ropy, a cutting].
A cutting-instrument for use in lithotomy.

lithotomist (lith-ot'-o-mist) [see lithotome], A
surgeon who performs lithotomy.

lithotomy (lith-ot'-o-me) [see lithotome]. Incision
into the bladder to remove a calculus. 1., bilateral,
a lithotomy performed by a curved transverse
incision just in front of the rectum. 1., high. See
/., suprapubic. 1., Italian, median lithotomy. 1.,
lateral, one in which the incision is made in front of
the rectum and to one side, generally the left, of the
raphe. 1., lithontriptic, a perineal incision following
lithotrity for removal of debris of calculi. 1., median,
1., marian, one in which the incision is made in the
median line in front of the anus. 1., mediolateral,
that in which the perineal incision is made in the
median line, and the prostatic incision laterally.
1. position, a position in which the patient rests
on his back with the thighs flexed on the abdomen
and the legs flexed on the thighs, the knees being
widely abducted. 1., quadrilateral, a modification

of bilateral lithotomy with four incisions of get
prostate. 1., rectal, that done by an incision throuhh
the rectum. 1., spontaneous, expulsion of a calculus
by ulceration through the bladder and perineum.
1., suprapubic, lithotomy in which the incision is
made above the pubis, at a point where the bladder
is not covered by peritoneum. 1., vaginal, one in
which the incision is made through the vaginal wall.

lithotony (lith-ot'-o-ne) [litho-; relveiv, to stretch].
Removal of a vesical calculus through an artificial
fistula, which is gradually dilated.

lithotresis (lith-o-tre'-sis) [litho-; rprja-is, a boring].
The drilling of holes through a calculus, as a step in
its destruction and removal.

lithotripsy (lith'-o-trip-se) [litho-; rplfieiv, to crush].
The operation of crushing calculi in the bladder.

lithotriptic (lith-o-trip'-tik) [see lithotripsy], i. Re-
lating to lithotripsy. 2. Capable of dissolving vesi-
cal calculi.

lithotriptor {lith-o-trip'-tor) [see lithotripsy]. An
instrument for crushing calculi in the bladder.

lithotrite (lith'-o-trit) [litho-; terere, to rub]. An
instrument for crushing a vesical calculus.

lithotritic (lith-o-trit'-ik) [litho-; terere, to rub].
Pertaining to lithotrity.

lithotrypterion (lith-o-trip-ter'-e-on) [litho- ; rpifieiv,
to rub]. A small lithotrite.

lithotrity (lith-of -rit-e) [see lithotrite]. The process
of crushing a stone in the bladder, with the lithotrite,
into fragments small enough to pass through the
urethral canal.

lithous (lith'-us). Having the nature of a stone.

lithoxyduria (lilh-oks-id-u'-re-ah) [litho-; 6|i/s, acid;
ovpov, urine]. The morbid presence of xanthic oxide
in the urine.

lithuresis (lith-u-re'-sis) [Kldos, a stone; ovpycns,
urination]. The voiding of small calculi with the
urine.

lithureteria {lith-u-re-te'-re-ah) [\L6os, a stone;
ovpriTrjp, a ureter]. A diseased condition of the
ureter due to the presence of calculi.

lithuria (lith-u'-re-ah) [lithium; ovpov, urine]. A
condition marked by excess of lithic acid or its salts
in the urine.

litigation symptoms. Various vague manifesta-
tions of nervous shock following injury, concerning
which the question of malingering arises, and which
may become the subject of medico-legal inquiry.

litmus (lit'-mus) [Dutch, lack, lac; moes, pulp].
A blue pigment obtained from Roccella tinctoria, a
lichen. It is employed for determining the presence
of acids and alkalies, l.-paper, blue, unsized paper
steeped in a solution of litmus; it turns red on contact
with acid solutions, l.-paper, red, unsized colored
paper steeped in a solution of litmus colored red with
acid; it turns blue on contact with alkaline solutions.

litrameter (Jit-ram' -et-er) [\irpa, pound; pkrpov,
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the speci-
fic gravity of fluids.

litre (le'-ter). See liter.

Litsea (lit'-se-ah) [Japanese]. A genus of plants
of the order Laurinece. L. cubeba is used as a con-
diment and stomachic. L. trinervia is a species
resembling myrrh. The entire plant has stimulant
and diuretic properties. The root is used as a vermi-
fuge and emmenagogue. The berries yield an oil
used as a remedy in skin diseases and on old wc unds.

Litten's sign (Jit' -en) [Moritz Litten, German
physician, 1845-1907]. Retraction of the lateral
portion of the thorax, where the diaphragm is in-
serted, the retracted portions being lowered during
inspiration and arising during expiration. It is
absent in pleuritic adhesions, effusion into the pleural
cavity, emphysema, etc. Syn., diaphragmatic phe-
nomenon.

litter (lit'-er) [lectus, a couch]. A stretcher or
couch with handles for carrying the sick or wounded.

Little's disease (lit'-el) [William John Little,
English surgeon, 1810-1894]. Congenital muscular
rigidity; spastic cerebral diplegia of infancy.

Littre's colotomy (le-tra') [Alexis Littre, French
surgeon, 1658-1726]. The making of an opening
into the colon through the left iliac region. L.'s
glands, the small racemose muciparous glands in
the mucous membrane of the urethra. L.'s hernia,
a hernia in which only a diverticulum of the bowel is
affected. The term is improperly applied to Richter's
hernia. „ L.'s sinus, the transverse sinus.

lituate (lit'-u-at) [lituus, an augur's staff]. Forked,
with the points bent slightly outward.

LIVE

519

LOBELINE

live (liv). Living; animate; manifesting life,
l.-birth, birth characterized by "the manifestation
of some certain sign or signs of life by the child after
it is completely born." l.-blood, the name given to
the sensation of fluttering in the eyelid, due to
spasmodic action of the orbicularis palpebrarum
muscle.

live (liv). To continue in being. To have life.

livedo (liv-e'-do) [liver e, to grow black]. Same as
Uridity.

liver (liv'-er) [AS., lifer] The largest gland in the
body, situated on the right side of the abdominal
cavity, just below the diaphragm, and forming an
appendage of the digestive tract. Its functions are:
the secretion of bile; the formation and storage of
glycogen; the production, at least at a certain period
of development, of blood-corpuscles; the destruction
of blood-corpuscles; the formation of a large quantity
of urea; the retention and destruction of certain
poisonous substances absorbed from the intestinal
tract. Anatomically, it consists of five lobes — the
right, the left, the lobus Spigelii, the lobus quad-
ratus, and the lobus caudatus. These lobes are
made up of lobules or acini, and these again of hepatic
cells, capillaries, arteries, veins, lymphatics, and
biliary channels, each lobule being surrounded by
connective tissue. The weight of the liver is between
50 and 60 ounces. 1., albuminoid. See I., amyloid.
1., amyloid, one the seat of amyloid degeneration.
L, beavertail, one the left lobe of which resembles in
form a beaver's tail. 1., biliary cirrhotic, one the
seat of chronic inflammation, the result of obstruc-
tion and distention of the bile-ducts. 1., cardiac,
hepatic congestion with pulsation accompanied by
disease of the right side of the heart. 1., cirrhotic,
one the seat of chronic inflammation, with over-
growth of the connective tissue and atrophy of the
parenchyma. 1., degraded, a human liver divided
into an unusual number of lobes, l.-dextrin, a
carbohydrate found in the liver. 1., fatty, one with
marked fatty infiltration and degeneration. 1.,
floating, a movable condition of the liver, with
displacement, l.-fiuke, a hepatic parasitic worm.
1., foam-, a liver containing many gas-filled cavities
which give it a spongy or foamy texture. It is due
to Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. 1., gin-drinkers',
the liver of atrophic cirrhosis. 1., hobnail. See
hobnail liver. 1., icing-. See icing-liver. 1., nut-
meg, a condition of the liver occurring in heart dis-
ease, fatty infiltration, and amyloid disease. The
surface of a section has a peculiar mottled appear-
ance, the center of the lobules being dark, the peri-
phery light, in color. 1., scrofulous, an albuminoid
fiver, l.-spot, chloasma. 1., syphilitic, one the seat
of gummata, which, on healing, leave scars, or of a
diffuse inflammation that may lead to cirrhosis, with
atrophy or, especially in hereditary syphilis, enlarge-
ment. 1., tightlace, one in which the right lobe
is thickened vertically from compression, marked
by the ribs, and atrophic from constant pressure by
tight stays. Syn., corset-liver. 1., wandering, a dis-
placed liver. 1., waxy. See I., amyloid.

liverwort (liv'-er-wert). See hepatica.

livid (liv' -id) [liver e, to be dark]. Discolored from
the effects of congeston or contusion; black and blue;
pale lead-color.

lividity (liv-id'-it-e) [livid]. The state of being
livid. 1., cadaveric, 1., postmortem, the reddish or
bluish discoloration in the dependent parts of a corpse,
due to the gravitation of the blood.

livor (li'-vor) [livid]. Lividity.

livores mortis (li-vor'-ez mor'-tis) [L.]. Livid
blotches seen on cadavers.

liriviation (liks-iv-e-a'-shun) [see lixivium]. The
process of leaching ashes. Also, the process of separ-
ating by solution any alkaline salt from the insoluble
impurities with which it is mixed.

lixivium (liks-iv'-e-um) [lixivia, lye]. The filtrate
obtained by leaching ashes; practically a solution
of an impure potassium hydroxide.

Lizars' operation (Jti'-zarz) [John Lizars, Scotch
surgeon, 1787-1860]. A method of exposing the
upper jaw by cutting through the cheek, from the
angle of the mouth to the malar bone.

L. K. Q. C. P. I. Abbreviation of Licentiate of
the King and Queen's College of Physicians of
Ireland.

llareta (lar-e'-tah). A remedy recommended in
the treatment of blennorrhagia, said to be the fluid-
extract of Haplopappus slarcta, of Chili.

LL.B. Abbreviation of Legum Baccalaureus,
Bachelor of Laws.

LL.D. Abbreviation of Legum Doctor, Doctor of
Laws.

L. M. A. Abbreviation for left mentoanterior
position of the fetus in utero.

L. M. P. Abbreviation for left mentoposterior
position of the fetus in utero.

L. M. R. C. P. Abbreviation for Licentiate in
Midwifery of the Royal College of Physicians.

L. M. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Medicine
and Surgery.

L. M. S. S. A. Abbreviation for Licentiate in
Medicine and Surgery of the Society of Apothecaries
(of London) .

L. O. A. Abbreviation for left occipitoanterior
position of the fetus in utero.

loam (lorn). A mixture of clay, sand, and humus.

lobar (lo'-bar). Pertaining to a lobe. 1. pneu-
monia. See pneumonia, lobar.

lobate (lo'-bdt). Having lobes.

lobe (lob) [lobus, a lobe]. A more or less rounded
part or projection of an organ, separated from neigh-
boring parts by fissures and constrictions, as the
lobes of the liver, of the brain, etc. 1., biventral, the
lateral continuation into the hemisphere of the
pyramidal lobe. 1., cacuminal, the superior semi-
lunar lobe of the cerebellum. 1., caudate, the tail-
like process of the liver. 1., central. 1. The island
of Reil. 2. One of the lobes of the cerebellum.
l.s of the cerebellum, each cerebellar hemisphere is
divided into the following lobes: on the upper surface,
the anterior or square lobe and the posterior or
semilunar lobe; on the under surface, the flocculus
or subpeduncular lobe, the amygdala or tonsil, the
digastric lobe, the slender lobe, and the inferior
posterior lobe, l.s of the cerebrum, the primary
lobes into which each cerebral hemisphere is divided;
they are: the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporo-
sphenoidal, and central, or island of Reil. See brain
and convolution. 1., clival, the parts of the cere-
bellum between the preclival and postclival fissures.
1., crescentic, anterior and posterior, two lobes on
the upper surface of each cerebellar hemisphere.
1., culminal, a part of the prevermis of the cerebellum.
1., frontal, that part of the cerebral hemisphere in
front of the central and above the Sylvian fissures.
1., gracile, the anterior and posterior slender lobules
of the cerebellum combined, l.s of the liver. See
liver. 1., marginal, the first frontal convolution run-
ning along the margin of the longitudinal fissure.
1., nodular, the nodulus and flocculus of the cere-
bellum combined. 1., olfactory, the rhinencephalon.
l.s, optic, the corpora quadrigemina. 1., orbital,
that part of the frontal lobe which rests on the
orbital plate of the frontal bone. 1., parietal, that
part of the cerebral hemisphere back of the central
and above the Sylvian fissures. 1., pyramidal, that
part of the cerebellum making up the prominence of
the postvermis. 1., quadrate. 1. The anterior and
posterior crescentic lobes of the cerebellum combined.
2. An oblong lobe on the inferior surface of the liver.
1., slender, the fourth of the five lobes on the under
surface of each hemisphere of the cerebellum. 1.,
Spigelian. See lobus Spigelii. 1., temporal, that
part of the cerebral hemisphere below the Sylvian
and in front of the exoccipital fissures. 1., tuberal,
the inferior semilunar and slender lobes of the cere-
bellum combined. 1., uvular, the uvula and amygdala
of the cerebellum combined.

lobectomy (lo-bek'-to-me) [lobe; i/cropr), excision].
Excision of a lobe of an organ or gland.

lobelia (lo-be'-le-ah) [de Lobel, French botanist].
The lobelia of the U. S. P. is the leaves and tops of
L. inflata, of the order Lobeliacece. It contains a
liquid alkaloid, lobeline; an acid, .lobelic acid; an
acrid body, lobelacrin; and a crystalline substance,
inflatin. Lobelia is expectorant, antispasmodic,
and emetic, and has been used in asthma, whooping-
cough, and other bronchial affections. A North
American species, L. syphilitica, has been used as
an antisyphilitic. 1., fiuidextract of (fluidextr actum
lobelia, U. S. P.), an acetic acid menstruum. Dose
8 min. (0.5 Cc). 1., tincture of (tincture lobelia,
U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc).

lobeline (lo-be'-len) [lobelia]. 1. A precipitate from
the tincture of Lobelia inflata; an emetic, nervine,
antispasmodic, resolvent, and relaxant. Dose, as
an emetic, 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.) in warm water,
repeated in 10 minutes if necessary; as a diaphoretic

LOBENGULISM

520

LOCULUS

and expectorant, J-| gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). 2. An
actively poisonous alkaloid from Lobelia inflata.
1. hydrobromide, used in pseudoangina pectoris and
asthma. Dose, adults, f-6 gr. (0.05-0.4 Gm.)
daily; children, |-f gr. (0.01-0.05 Gm.) daily. 1.
sulphate, used in asthma, epilepsy, etc. Dose 1 gr.
(0.06 Gm.) daily, gradually increasing to 3-8 gr.
(0.2-0.52 Gm.) daily.

lobengulism (lo-ben'-gu-lizm). A condition marked
by a general increase of subcutaneous fat, associated
with partial or complete abeyance of sexual function.
In men there is an enlargement of the mammary
glands with failure of sexual appetite, and in women
a cessation of menstruation.

lobopodium (lo-bo-po'-de-um) [pi., lobopodia]. A
pseudopodium which is broad and thick. Cf. filo-
podium.

Lobstein's cancer (ldb'<-stin) [Johann Georg Chris-
tian Friedrich Martin Lobstein, German pathologist,
1777-1835]. Retroperitoneal sarcoma. L.'s dis-
ease, osteopsathyrosis; fragility of the bones. L.'s
ganglion, a small gangliform swelling of the great
splanchnic nerve a short distance above the dia-
phragm.

lobular (lob'-u-lar) [lobulus]. Pertaining to,
resembling, or composed of lobules. 1. pneumonia,
bronchopneumonia.

lobulated (lob'-u-la-ted) [lobule]. Consisting of
lobes or lobules.

lobule (lob'-ul) [see lobulus]. A small lobe. 1.,
cuneate. See cuneus. 1., fusiform, the subcollateral
gyrus. L, paracentral, the superior connecting
convolution of the ascending frontal and ascending
parietal gyri. 1., parietal, one of the two parts (in-
ferior and superior) into which the parietal lobe is
divided by the horizontal portion of the intraparietal
fissure.

lobulet (lob'-u-lef) [dim. of lobulus, a lobule]. A
minor lobule, especially of the lung; a group, or series
of groups, of five or six air-sacs connected with the
dilated end of a bronchiole.

lobulus (lob'-u-lus) [dim. of lobus; pi., lobuli).
A lobule. 1. auriculae, the lobe of the ear. 1. bi-
venter, the biventral lobe. 1. caudatus, the tailed
lobe of the liver that separates the right extremity
of the transverse fissure from the commencement
of the fissure for the inferior vena cava, lobuli
cerebelli spinales, Gordon's name for amygdalae
cerebelli. 1. cerebelli tener, 1. gracilis, the slender
lobe. 1. parietalis exterior or superior, the superior
parietal gyrus. 1. parietalis inferior, the subparietal
gyrus. 1. posteroparietalis, the ascending parietal
gyrus. 1. quadratus, the square lobe upon the inferior
surface of the right lobe of the liver, lobuli renales,
the Malpighian pyramids. 1. rolandicus anterior,
the ascending frontal gyrus. 1. rolandicus posterior,
the ascending parietal gyrus. 1. Spigelii, the lobule
projecting from the posterior portion of the inferior
surface of the liver, lobuli testiculi, 1. testis, pyra-
midal or conoid lobules varying in size and number
(250-400) and converging to the mediastinum, which
make up the glandular substance of the testis.
Each lobule consists of from one to six seminiferous
tubules.

lobus (lo'-bus) [L., a lobe]. A lobe. Any well-
defined, rounded part of an organ. 1. caudatus,
the caudate lobe; see lobulus. 1. opertus, the insula
of the brain. 1. quadratus. See lobulus. 1. Spigelii,
a prominent oblong lobe on the posterior surface of
the liver.

local (lo'-kal). Limited to a part or place; not
general. 1. asphyxia, a stage of Raynaud's disease,
q. v.

localization (lo-kal-iz-a'-shun) [local]. 1. The
determination of the seat of a lesion. 2. The
limitation of a process to a particular place; the
opposite of generalization. 3. The faculty of locating
sensory impressions. 1., cerebral, the determination
of the position of the centers in the brain that preside
over certain physiological acts or of the seat of patho-
logical conditions interfering with the proper function
of these centers. 1., experimental, the localization
of brain-centers through experiments on animals.

localized (lo'-kal-lzd). Confined to a particular
place.

locative (lok'-at-iv) [locare, to place]. Indicating
relative position in a series. 1. name, one that indi-
cates the location of an organ or part; e. g., post cava.

lochia (lo'-ke-ah) [Xoxios, pertaining to child-birth].
The discharge from the genital organs during the

first few weeks (from two to four) after labor.
1. alba, the whitish flow that takes place from about
the seventh day. 1. cruenta, 1. rubra, the sanguineous
flow of the first few days. 1. serosa, the serous
discharge taking place about the fifth day.

lochial (Jio'-ke-al) [lochia]. Pertaining to the
lochia.

lochiometra (lo-ke-o-me'-trah) [lochia; nvrpa, uter-
us]. A collection of lochia in the uterus.

lochiometritis (lo-ke-o-me-tri'-tis) [lochia; metritis].
Puerperal metritis.

lochiopyra (lo-ke-op'-ir-ah) [lochia-; tn>p, fire,
fever]. Puerperal fever. Same as lochopyra.

lochiorrhagia (lo-ke-or-a'-je-ah) [lochia; p-qyvvvai,
to burst forth]. An excessive flow of the lochia.

lochiorrhea (lo-ke-or-e'-ah) [lochia; pola, a flow].
An abnormal flow of the lochia.

lochioschesis (lo-ke-os'-kes-is) [lochia; ffx&ris, re-
tention]. Suppression or retention of the lochia.

lochodochium (lo-ko-do'-ke-um) [Xoxos, child-birth;
Sexeadai, to receive]. A lying-in hospital; a mater-
nity.

lochometritis (lo-ko-me-tri'-tis) [lochia; p-vrpa,
womb; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
uterus consequent upon delivery; puerperal metritis.

lochometrophlebitis (lo-ko-me-tro-fle-bi'-tis) [lochia ;
nvrpa, womb; 0X6/-, vein; ins, inflammation]. Phle-
bitis of the uterine veins in puerperal women.

lochoperitonitis (lo-ko-per-it-on-i'-iis). Inflamma-
tion of the peritoneum following child-birth.

lochopyra (lo-kop'-ir-ah) [lochia; irvp, fire, fever].
Puerperal fever.

lochotyphus (lo-ko-ti'-fus) [lochia; rixpos, stupor].
Puerperal fever of a typhoid type.

Lockard's treatment of typhoid. Continuous
application of ice-bags to the axilla, popliteal space,
back of neck, wrist, and ankle, to reduce temperature.

lock-finger. A peculiar affection of the fingers in
which they suddenly become fixed in a flexed posi-
tion, due to the presence of a small fibrous growth
in the sheath of the extensor tendon.

lock-hospital. An English term for a hospital for
the treatment of venereal diseases; it was originally
kept with locked doors, whence the name.

lockjaw. Tetanus; trismus.

lock-spasm. A spasm of the fingers in which
they become firmly flexed upon the object in their
grasp, as upon the pen in writing. It is sometimes
seen in writer's cramp.

Lockwood's ligament (lok'-wood) [Charles Barrett
Lockwood, English surgeon, 1858-1914]. The sus-
pensory ligament of the eyeball, a curved fibrous
band connected with Tenon's capsule, and supporting
the eyeball on each side of the orbit.

loco {lo'-ko) [Sp., "crazy"]. Loco-weed, various
species of leguminous plants poisonous to cattle and
horses, l.-disease, a local epizootic disease of cattle
and horses induced by eating any of the plants
called loco.

locoed (lo'-kod). Affected with locoism.

locoism(lo'-ko-izm). See loco-disease.

locomotion (lo-ko-mo'-shun) [locus, place; mover e,
to move]. Animal movement. 1. of an artery, the
straightening out of a curved artery under the
impulse of the pulse-wave.

locomotive (lo-ko-mo'-tiv) [locus, a place; mover e,
to move]. Moving from place to place; able to
change its place; pertaining to locomotion. 1. pulse.
See Corrigan's pulse.

locomotivity (lo-ko-mo-tiv'-it-e) [locus, place; movere,
to move]. The power to move from one place to
another.

locomotor (lo-ko-mo'-tor) [locus, a place; motor, a
mover]. Pertaining to locomotion. 1. ataxia, 1.
ataxy. See ataxia, locomotor, and tabes.

locomotorial (lo-ko-mo-to'-re-al). Relating to the
locomotorium.

locomotorium (lo-ko-mo-to'-re-um) [locus, a place;
motor, mover: pi., locomotoria]. In biology, the
motive apparatus of an organism; the bones, muscles,
and tendons.

locomotory (lo-ko-mo'-tor-e) [locus, place; movere,
to move]. Pertaining to locomotion.

locum tenens (lo'-kum te'-nenz)' [L. "holding the
place"]. A physician who temporarily takes charge
of the patients and practice of another physician.

locular, loculated (lok'-u-lar, lok'-u-la-ted) [loculus].
Divided into loculi.

loculus (lok'-u-lus) [dim. of locus; pi., loculi]. A
small space or compartment.

LOCUS

521

LOOP

locus (lo'-kus) [L.]. A place, spot, or organ.
1. cinereus, 1. caeruleus, 1. ferrugineus, a bluish-
tinted eminence on the fasciculi teretes of the fourth
ventricle of the brain. 1. minoris resistentiae, a spot
of diminished resistance. 1. niger, a dark area in the
center of a section of the crus cerebri. 1. perforatus,
a name given to the anterior and the posterior perfor-
ated space at the base of the brain through which
blood-vessels pass. 1. ruber, the red nucleus of the
tegmentum.

lodal (lo'-dal) . Trade name of an oxidation product
of laudanosine, used to control uterine hemorrhage.

Loebisch's formula (le'-bish). The product ob-
tained by multiplying the last two figures of the
specific gravity of the urine by 2.2 indicates the
number of grams of solids in 1000 Cc. of urine.

Loeffler's alkaline solution (lef'-ler) [Friedrich
August Johannes Loeffler, German bacteriologist,
1852-1915]. A mixture of 30 parts of a concentrated
alcoholic solution of methyl ene-blue and 100 parts
of a 1 : 10,000 aqueous solution of potassium hy-
droxide. L.'s bacillus, the bacillus of diphtheria.
See Klebs-Loeffler bacillus. L.'s blood-serum mixture,
a mixture consisting of one part of neutral meat-
infusion bouillon containing 1 % of glucose and
three parts of blood-serum; it is used as a culture-
medium. L.'s toluol solution, a solution recom-
mended by Loeffler for the local treatment of diph-
theria. It consists of menthol, 10 Gm.; toluol,
sufficient to make 36 Cc; absolute alcohol, 60 Cc;
solution of ferric chloride, 4 Cc. Another formula is:
menthol, 10 Gm.; toluol, sufficient to make 36 Cc;
creolin, 2 Cc; absolute alcohol, 65 Cc

loeffleria (lef-le'-re-ah). A disease marked by the
presence of Bacillus diphtheria. (Klebs and Loeffler),
without diphtheritic symptoms.

Loehlein's diameter. The distance between the
center of the subpubic ligament and the antero-
superiqr angle of the great sacrosciatic foramen.

lcemia (lem'-e-ah). See loimia.

lcemic (lem'-ik). See loimic.

loemography (lem-og'-ra-fe) [Kolhos, plague; ypa<pet.v,
to write]. See loimology.

Icemoid (lem'-oid). See loimic.

Icemology (lem-ol'-o-je). See loimology.

lcemophtnalmia (lem-off-thal'-me-ah) [Xoi.uos, plague;
ophthalmia]. A contagious ophthalmia.

Loewe's ring (le'-veh). A bright circle which may
appear in the visual field when the illumination is
changed from blue to white. It surrounds the posi-
tion of the dark ring that marks the macula lutea.

Loewenberg's canal (le'-ven-berg) [Benjamin Benno
Loewenberg, German laryngologist, 1836- ].
That portion of the cochlear canal situated above the
membrane of Corti.

Loewenthal's reaction (le'-ven-tahl) [Wilhelm
Loewenthal, German physician, 1850-1894]. The
agglutination of Spirochcetce Obermeieri, by the blood-
serum of an individual affected with relapsing fever.
L.'s test for glucose, a glucose solution boiled with a
solution of ferric chloride, dissolved in tartaric acid
and sodium carbonate, becomes dark and deposits
an abundant precipitate of iron oxide. This test is
not applicable to urine. L.'s tract, the descending
anterolateral tract of the spinal cord.

Loewitt's bodies (le'-vit). See lymphogonia.

logadectomy (log-ad-ek'-to-me) [hoy&des, whites of
the eyes; kuTopA), excision]. Excision of a piece of
the conjunctiva.

logades (log'-ad-ez) [KoyaSes]. The whites of the
eyes; the sclerotic coats of the eyes.

logaditis (log-ad-i'-lis) [\oyo8es, whites of the eyes;
tTiy, inflammation]. Same as scleritis.

logadoblennorrhea (log-ad-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [XoyaSes,
whites of the eyes; &\kwa, mucus; pola, flow]. Con-
junctival blennorrhea.

logagnosia, logagnosis (log-ag-no'-ze-ah, -sis) [\6yos,
a word; &, priv.; ypuais, a recognizing]. Aphasia;
word-blindness.

logagraphia (log-ag-raf'-e-ah) . Same as agraphia, q. v.

logamnesia (log-am-ne'-ze-ah) [\6yos, a word;
b.p.vT\ala, forgetfulness]. Word-deafness; word-blind-
ness.

loganin (log'-an-in) , CkHmOu. A glucoside ex-
tracted from the seeds of Strychnos nux vomica.

logo- (lo-go-) [X670S, a word]. A prefix meaning
relating to words or speech.

logodiarrhea (log-o-di-ar-e'-ah) [X670S, word; Sidp-
fioia, a flowing through]. Excessive or maniacal
loquacity.

logograph (log'-o-graf) [\6yos, a word; ypacpeiv, to
write]. 1. A written word. 2. Barlow's name for a
device for recording spoken words.

logographic (log-o-graf'-ik) [\6yos, word; ypa<ptiv,
to write]. Pertaining to written words. 1. alalia,
that in which the thoughts cannot be expressed in
writing.

logokophosis (log-o-kof-o'-sis) [logo-; kw<£w<us,
deafness]. Word-deafness; incapacity to understand
spoken language.

logomania (log-o-ma'-ne-ah) [\6yos, word; p.avla,
madness]. 1. Insanity chracterized by talkativeness.
2. Aphasia.

logoneurosis (log-o-nu-ro'-sis) [logo-; neurosis].
1. A neurosis marked by a speech-defect. 2. A
neurosis attended with impairment of the mental
powers.

logopathy (log-op' -ath-e) [logo-; ira9os, disease].
A disease affecting the speech.

logoplegia (log-o-ple' -je-ah) [logo-; irXriyri, stroke].
Loss of the power of uttering articulate speech.

logorrhea (log-or-e'-ah) [logo-; poia, a flow]. Ex-
cessive loquacity.

logospasm (log'-o-spazm) [logo-; <nraxrp.os, spasm].
Spasmodic enunciation of words.

logwood (log' -wood). See Hematoxylon.

loimia (loi'-me-ah) [\oip.6s, plague]. A pestilence
or plague.

loimic (loi'-mik) [\01p6s, plague]. Pertaining to
the plague or to any pestilence.

loimography (loi-mog'-ra-fe) [Kolhos, plague; ypa<pet.v,
to write]. A description of the plague.

loimology (loi-mol'-o-je) [\oip.6s, plague; \6yos,
science]. The science of contagious epidemic dis-
eases.

loimopyra (loi-mop'-ir-ah) [Koi/ios, plague; vvp,
fire]. Pestilential fever.

loin (lumbus, loin]. The lateral and posterior
region of the body between the false ribs and the top
of the pelvis.

loka (lo'-ka). An arrow-poison, probably of the
nux yomica group.

lolism (lol'-izm). Poisoning by seeds of Lolium
temulentum, which have found their way among
grain and which contain a poisonous glucoside,
loliin. It is marked by narcotic symptoms, vomiting,
and diarrhea.

lolium (lo'-le-um) [L., darnel]. A genus of grasses,
one of which, L. temulentum, a poisonous darnel, is
remarkable as one of the few grasses that appear to
have poisonous qualities. Its seeds in particular
are said to have narcotic qualities.

Lombardy leprosy. Pellagra.

loment (lo'-ment) [lomentum, a mixture of bean-
meal and rice]. A legume that when ripe breaks
transversely into joints.

lomentum (lo-men' -turn) . Same as loment.

lomilomi (lo'-me-lo'-me) [Hawaiian]. A kind of
shampoo or massage, practised by the Polynesians.

London paste. A caustic paste containing equal
parts of caustic soda and unslaked lime.

Long's coefficient [John Harper Long, American
chemist, 1856- ]. The figures 2.6, by which the
last two figures of the specific gravity of the urine
are multiplied to obtain the number of grams of solids
in 1000 Cc. of urine.

longevity (lon-jev'-it-e) [longa, long; vita, life].
Long life.

longimanus (lon-je-ma'-nus) [longus, long; manus,
hand]. Long-handed.

longing (long'-ing). The earnest desire for any-
thing; it is a condition often present in the female
during pregnancy.

longipedate (lon-je-pe'-dat) [longus, long; pes, foot].
Long-footed.

longissimus (lon-jis'-im-us) [superl. of longus,
long]. Longest. 1. capitis, 1. cervicis. See trachelo-
mastoid under muscle. 1. dorsi. See under muscle.

longitudinal (lon-je-tu' -din-al) [longitudo, length].
Lengthwise; in the direction of the long axis of a
body. 1. fissure. See fissure, interlobular.

long-sightedness (long-sW -ed-nes) . See hyperopia.

longus (lon'-gus) [L.]. Long. 1. capitis, the rectus
capitis anticus major muscle. 1. colli. See under
muscle.

loop [Irish and Gael., lub, a bend]. 1. A bend in
a cord or cord-like structure. 2. A platinum wire,
in a glass handle, and with its extremity bent in a
circular form; used to transfer bacterial cultures.
1. of Henle. See Henle's loop.

LOOSE

522

LUCIFERIN

loose (loos). Lax; wanting power of restraint;
as loose bowels. 1. ligature. See ligature.

looseness (loos' -nes). Popular name for diarrhea.
1. of the teeth, odontoseisis ; odontosismus ; this results
from disease of the gums and the gradual destruction
of the alveolar processes.

L. O. P. Abbreviation for left occipitoposterior
position of the fetus in utero.

lophia (lo'-fe-ah) [X6<pos, the back of the neck].
The upper part of the back near the first dorsal
vertebra.

lophius (lo'-fe-us) [X6<£os, a ridge]. The ridge
between two furrows or sulci of the ventricular
surface of the brain.

lophocomous (lo-fok'-om-us) [\6<t>os, a tuft; ko/xt),
the hair of the head]. Having the hair in tufts.

lophotrichea (lo-fo-trik'-e-ah). Bacteria with lo-
photrichous ciliation.

lophotrichous (lo-fof -rik-us) [\txpos, tuft; 0pi'£, hair].
Applied to that type of ciliation in microorganisms
characterized by a tuft of flagella at each pole.

loquacity (lo-kwas'-it-e) [loquacitas; loquax, talka-
tive]. Volubility of speech; talkativeness; a condi-
tion that is frequently excessive in various forms of
mental disorder.

Lorain type of infantilism (lor-dn'). Arrested
physical development of unknown cause.

lordoma (lor-do' -mah) [KopSow, to bend inward].
The anterior or forward incurvation of the spine.

lordoscoliosis (lor-do-sko-le-o'-sis). Lordosis with
scoliosis.

lordosis (lor-do' -sis) [XopSow, to bend back].
A curvature of the spine with a forward convexity.

lordotic (lor-dot'-ik). Bent with the convexity
turned ventrad ; applied to the spinal column.

Lorenz bloodless operation (lor'-enz) [Adolf
Lorenz, Austrian surgeon, 1854- ]. For congenital
dislocation of the hip: this consists in the reduction of
the dislocation and fixation of the head of the femur
against the rudimentary acetabulum until a socket
is formed. L.'s hip-redresseur, an apparatus to
correct faulty position and contraction of joints and
hold the limb while fixation bandages are applied.

Loreta's operation (lor-a'-tah) [Pietro Loreta,
Italian surgeon, 1 831-1889]. 1. The forcible dilata-
tion of the pylorus for the relief of stricture. 2. The
treatment of aneurysm by the introduction of metal
wire into the sac, through which an electric current
is then passed.

loretin (lor'-et-in), C9H6IO4SN. A nontoxic anti-
septic used as a dusting-powder or in 5 to 10 % oint-
ment or in 0.1 to 0.2 % aqueous solution.

loripes (lor'-ip-ez) [lorum, a thong; pes, the foot].
1. Limber-footed. 2. Crook-footed; bandylegged.
3. Talipes varus.

losophan (lo'-so-fan). Triiodometacresol, C7H5I3O;
a proprietary powder used in parasitic dermatoses.

Lostorfer's corpuscles (los'-tor-fer). Granular
masses said to have been found in the blood of
syphilitic patients.

lotio (lo'-she-o) [L.]. A lotion. 1. hydrargyri flava
(B. P.), yellow mercurial lotion; yellow wash. 1.
hydrargyri nigra (B. P.), black mercurial lotion;
black wash.

lotion (lo'-shun) [lotio). A medicinal solution for
bathing a part; a wash.

lotofiavin (lo-to-fla'-vin). A yellow pigment pro-
duced by the lysis of lotusin.

Lotus (lo'-tus) [Xwtoj, the lotus]. A genus of
leguminous plants. L. arabicus yields a toxic gluco-
side; lotusin, and a pigment, lotofiavin.

lotusin (lo'-tus-in). A toxic glucoside in Lotus
arabicus; it is derived from maltose and gives rise
to prussic acid when acted upon by a hydrolytic
enzyme.

Louis' angle (loo'-e) [Antoine Louis, French
surgeon, 1723-1792]. An angular projection existing
in some individuals at the junction of the manubrium
and body of the sternum. Syn., Angulus Ludovici.

Louis' law (loo'-e) [Pierre Charles Alexander Louis,
French physician, 1787-1872]. The lungs always
contain tubercles when tuberculosis exists elsewhere
in the body.

louse (lows). See pediculus.

lousiness (low'-ze-nes). See pediculosis.

lousy (low'-ze). Affected with pediculosis.

loutrotherapy (low-tro-ther'-ap-e) [Kovrpos, a bath;
Bepairela, therapy]. The therapeutic use of artificial
carbonated and Nauheim baths.

lovage (luv'-aj) [OF., levesche, from ligusticum.

lovage]. The root of Ligusticum levisticum and
Levisticum officinale, plants of the order Umbellifera.
Lovage is stimulant, aromatic, carminative, and em-
menagogue. Dose of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

Lower's tubercle (lou'-er) [Richard Lower, English
anatomist, 1630-1691]. A slight prominence in the
right auricle between the openings of the superior
and the inferior venae cavae.

loxa bark (loks'-ah). Pale cinchona; the bark of
Cinchona officinalis.

loxarthron (loks-ar'-thron) [Xo|6s, slanting; apdpov,
a joint]. Any oblique or abnormal direction of a
joint, not caused by spasm or luxation.

loxarthrosis (loks-ar-thro'-sis) [Xo£6s, awry; &p6poi>,
joint]. Distortion of a joint.

loxia (loks'-e-ah). See torticollis.

loxic (loks'-ik) [Xo£6s, oblique]. Distorted; awry;
twisted.

loxocyesis (loks-o-si-e'-sis) [Xo£6s, awry; Kv-qats,
pregnancy]. Oblique displacement of the gravid
uterus.

loxodont, loxodontous (loks'-o-dont, loks-o-don'-tus)
Xo£6s, aslant; 68ovs, tooth]. Having teeth placed at
abnormal angles with the jaw.

loxophthalmos (loks-off-thal'-mos). Synonym of
strabismus, q. v.

Loxopterygium (loks-o-ter-ij'-e-um) [Xo£6s, oblique;
TrrepvZ, wing]. A genus of anacardiaceous trees.
The bark of L. lorentzii and L. sagotii, the red que-
bracho, is used as a substitute for cinchona.

loxotomy (loks-ot'-o-me) [Ko£6s, oblique; ToyA], a
cutting]. Amputation by oblique section.

lozenge (loz'-enj) [OF., losenge]. A medicated
tablet with sugar as a basis.

L. R. C. P. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the
Royal College of Physicians.

L. R. C. S. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the
Royal College of Surgeons.

L. S. A. 1. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the
Society of Apothecaries. 2. Abbreviation for left
sacroanterior position of the fetus in utero.

L. S. P. Abbreviation for left sacroposterior
position of the fetus in utero.

L. S. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Sanitary
Science.

L. S. Sc. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Sanitary
Science.

Lubarsch's crystals (loo'-barsh) [Otto Lubarsch,
German pathologist, i860- ]. Minute crystals
found postmortem in the epithelial cells of the testis
and regarded as distinct from Boettcher's and
Charcot's crystals.

lubraseptic (lu-brah-sep'-tik). A disinfectant con-
taining chondrus, boric acid, and formaldehyde.

lubricant (lu'-brik-ant) [lubricare, to make smooth].
Making smooth, oily, or slippery.

lubrication (lu-brik-a'-shun) [lubricare, to make
smooth]. The process of making smooth or slippery
by the application of a lubricant.

lubrichondrin (lu-brik-on'-drin). A lubricant said
to consist of Chondrus crispus, oil of eucalyptus, and
formaldehyde. It is used in surgery.

lubricity (lu-bris'-it-e) [lubricare, to make slippery].
A synonym of lasciviousness.

lubricous (lu'-brik-us) [lubricus, lubricare, to make
smooth]. Smooth, slippery.

Luca's horizontal plane. One passing through the
axis of the zygomatic arches.

Lucas' sign (loo'-kas) [Richard Clement Lucas,
English surgeon, 1846-1915].. Distention of the
abdomen, an early sign of rickets.

Lucas-Championniere's disease (loo-kah'-shom-
pe-on-e-ar') [Just Marie Marcellin Lucas-Champi-
onniere, French physician, 1843-1913]- Chronic
pseudomembranous bronchitis.

lucent (lu'-sent) [lucere, to shine]. Bright, shining.

lucid (lu'-sid) [lucidus, clear]. Clear; shining;
not obscure. 1. interval, the transitory return of the
normal mental faculties in insane or delirious con-
ditions.

lucidification (lu-sid-if-ik-a'-shun) [lucid; facere,
to make]. A clearing-up, especially a clearing-up
of the protoplasm of cells.

lucidity (lil-sid'-it-e) [lucidus, clear]. Clearness;
lucid interval.

lucidum (lu'-sid-um) [lucidus, clear]. Clear. 1.,
septum. See septum.

luciferin (lu-sif'-er-in) [lux, lucis, light; ferre, to
bear], A crystalline body obtained from the light-
producing organs of certain animals.

LUCIFER-MATCH

523

LUNULA

lucifer-match disease or l.-match maker's disease.
Necrosis of the iaw due to phosphorus-poisoning.

lucifonn (lu'-sif-orm) [lux, light; forma, form].
Resembling light.

lucifugal (lu-sif'-u-gal) [lux, light; fugere, to flee].
Fleeing from or avoiding light.

Lucke's operation (loo'-keh). Excision of the
infraorbital nerve by the pterygomaxillary route.

lucomania (lu-ko-ma'-ne-ah) [Auras, wolf; navla,
mania]. Same as lycanthropy, q. v.

lucotherapy (lu-ko-ther'-ap-e) [lux, light; therapy].
Therapeutic use of light-rays.

luetic (luk'-tik) [luctus, sorrow]. Sorrowful, giving
evidence of suffering.

Ludovic's angle (lood'-ov-ik). See Louis' angle.

Ludwig's angina (lood'-vig) [Wilhelm Friedrich von
hud-wig, German surgeon, 1790-1865]. Phlegmonous
cellulitis of the neck, generally secondary to specific
fevers, scurvy, etc. Syn., angina Ludovici.

Ludwig's ganglion (lood'-vig) [Karl Friedrich
Wilhelm Ludivig, German physiologist 1816-1895].
A collection of nerve-cells in the wall of the right
auricle.

ludyl (loo'-diV). An arsenical compound, said to
be of benefit in syphilis.

Luecke's reaction for hippuric acid (le'-keh) [Georg
Albert Luecke, German surgeon, 1820-1804]. Add
to the substance nitric acid at boiling temperature,
and evaporate to dryness: an intense odor of nitro-
benzol is produced on heating the residue.

lues (lu'-es) [L.]. Formerly a pestilential disease;
at present used as a euphemism for syphilis. 1.
venerea, syphilis.

luesan (lu'-es-an). An organic compound of mer-
cury and glidine, said to be useful in syphilis.

luetic (lu-et'-ik) [lues]. Affected with or relating
to lues; syphilitic. 1. serum. See serum.

luetin (lu'-et-in) [lues]. An extract of the killed
cultures of several strains of the Treponema pallidum
used in the Xoguchi reaction for syphilis, l.-reaction.
See Xoguchi reaction.

Luffa (luf'-ah) [Arab]. A genus of cucurbitaceous
plants. L. acutangula, the strainer vine, of India,
having an edible fruit, a purgative and emetic root,
and oil-bearing seeds. L. amara has similar uses.
L. cylindrica, the "wash-rag," "towel gourd," or
"vegetable sponge," bears a fruit which when dry
contains a sponge-like network of fibers. This is
sometimes used as a substitute for a sponge or towel.
L. echinata, the irritant poisonous fruit, is used in
cholera and for colic. L. purgans, of S. America,
affords a strongly purgative resin.

Lugol's caustic (loo'-goT) [J. G. A. Lugol, French
physician, 1786-1851]. A solution of iodine and
potassium iodide, of each, one part, in water two
parts. L.'s solution, a compound solution of iodine,
containing iodine 5. potassium iodide 10, distilled
water to 100; dose 3-6 itjj (0.2-0.4 Cc).

lukewarm. Tepid; about the temperature of the
body.

lumbago (lum-ba'-go) [lumbus]. Pain in the loins.

lumbar (lum'-bar) [lumbus]. Pertaining to the
loins. 1. colotomy, colotomy performed in the
lumbar region. 1. puncture. See puncture, lumbar.
1. region. See under abdomen. 1. vertebra. See
vertebra, lumbar.

lumben (lum'-ben) [lumbus, the loin]. Belonging
to the loin in itself.

lumbifragium (lum-bif-ra'-je-um) [lumbus, loin;
fr anger e, to break]. Lumbar hernia.

lumbiplex (lum'-be-pleks). The lumbar plexus.

lumbo- (lum-bo-) [lumbar]. A prefix meaning
relating to the loins.

lumboabdominal (lum-bo-ab-dom'-in-al) [lumbo-;
abdomen]. Pertaining to the loin and the abdomen.

lumbocolostomy (lum-bo-ko-los' -to-me) . Colostomy
after lumbar incision.

lumbocolotomy (lum-bo-ko-lot'-o-me) [lumbo-; k6\ov,
colon; TOfi-fj, a cutting]. Incision of the colon through
the loins.

lumbocostal (lum-bo-kos'-tal) [lumbo-; costa, a rib].
Pertaining to the loins and ribs.

lumbodorsal (lum-bo-dor'-sal) [lumbo-; dorsum,
back]. Pertaining to the lumbar and dorsal regions.

lumbodynia (lum-bo-din'-e-ah) [lumbo-; oSvmrj,
pain]. Same as lumbago.

lumboinguinal (lum-bo-in' -gwin-al) [lumbo-; inguen,
groin]. Pertaining to the lumbar and inguinal
regions.

lumbosacral (lum-bo-sa'-kral) [lumbo-; sacrum].

Pertaining to the lumbar vertebra? and to the
sacrum.

lumbrical (lum'-brik-al). Relating to or resemb-
ling a worm of the genus Lumbricus.

Lumbricales (lum-brik-a'-lez). A genus of in-
testinal worms.

lumbricales (lum-brik-a'-lez) . See under muscle.

lumbricide (lum'-bris-id) [lumbricus, earth-worm;
ccedere, to kill]. A drug fatal to lumbricoid worms.

lumbriciiorm (lum-bris'-if-orm). See lumbricoid.

lumbricoid (lum'-brik-oid) [lumbricus; eldos, like-
ness]. Pertaining to or resembling a lumbricus.

lumbricosis (lum-brik-o'-sis). The condition of
being infected with lumbricoids. t

Lumbricus (lum'-brik-us) [L.]. A genus of worms,
including the common earthworm and certain in-
testinal worms. The latter are now termed Ascarides.

lumbus [L.]. The loin.

lumen (lu'-men) [L., "light"; pi., lumina]. The
space inside of a tube, e. g., the lumen of a thermo-
meter, blood-vessel, etc.

lumina (lil'-min-ah). Plural of lumen, q. v.

luminal (lu'-min-al). 1. Pertaining to the lumen of
a blood-vessel or other tubular structure. 2. Trade
name for a hypnotic said to consist of phenj-lethyl-
barbituric acid.

lurniniferous (lu-min-if -er-us) [lumen; ferre, to
bear]. Conveying or bearing light.

luminosity (lii-min-os' -it-e) [luminosus, full of
light]. The property of emitting light.

lump. 1. A small mass; a protuberant part.
2. A dull person. 3. In the plural, a popular term
for strumous enlargement of the cervical glands.

lumpy-jaw. See actinomycosis.

lunacy (lu'-nas-e) [luna, the moon]. Insanity,
from the superstitious belief that it was influenced
by the moon.

lunar (lu'-nar) [luna]. Pertaining to the moon or
to silver (luna of the alchemists). 1. caustic, silver
nitrate.

lunare, or os lunare (lu-na'-re) [luna, moon].
The semilunar bone of the carpus.

lunaria (lu-na'-re-ah) [lunaris, pertaining to the
moon]. Menstruation.

lunate bone (lu'-nat). Semilunar bone, os luna-
tum.

lunatic (lu'-nat-ik) [see lunacy]. 1. Pertaining to
or affected with insanity. 2. An insane person.

lunella (lu-nel'-ah) [dim. of luna, moon]. Same as
hypopyon.

lunet, lunette (loo-net') [Fr.]. A spectacle-lens.

lung [AS., lungen]. The organ of respiration, in
which the impure venous blood is oxidized by the
air drawn through the trachea and bronchi into the
air-vesicles. There are two lungs, a right and a
left, the former consisting of three, the latter of
two, lobes. The lungs are situated in the thoracic
cavity, and are enveloped by the pleura. At the
root or hilum the bronchus and its arteries and the
pulmonary artery and nerves enter, and the pulmo-
nary and bronchial veins and lymphatics leave.
The lung proper consists of minute air-vesicles held
in place by connective-tissue trabecular. Capillaries
traverse the walls of the air-vesicles and bring the
circulating blood in close proximity to the air. The
average weight of the adult right lung is 22 ounces;
that of the left, 20 ounces, l.-capacity, breathing
capacity. 1., cardiac, proliferation of the connective
tissue of a lung, producing thickening of the alveolar
walls and finally obliteration of their cavity, due to
organic lesions in certain heart diseases. 1., carnined,
a lung from which the blood and air have been driven
out by effusion, causing it to present a slaty-gray
color, l.-fever, croupous pneumonia. 1., saccular,
a condition of the lung marked by globular pouches
at the periphery or through the whole or greater part
of the lobe, l.-stone, a calcification of lung-tissue.

lungwort (lung'-wert). See verbascum.

lunfierous (lu-nif -er-us) [luna; ferre, to bear].
Crescent-shaped.

luniform (lu'-ne-form) [luna; forma, form]. Same
as luniferous.

lunula (lu'-nu-lah) [dim. of luna, moon]. 1. The
white semilunar area of a nail near the root. 2. A
structure resembling the lunula of a nail. 1. of the
cardiac valves, the delicate edges of the leaflets of
the semilunar valves. 1. of Gianuzzi. See Gianuzzi,
crescents of. 1. lacrymalis, a small crest of bone
separating the antrum of Highmore from the lacrymal
groove. 1. scapulae. See notch, suprascapular.

LUPANINE

524

LUTIDIN

lupanine (lu' -pan-en), C15H24N2O. A bitter liquid
alkaloid from the seeds of Lupinus reticulatus.

luperine (lu'-per-en). A remedy for dipsomania
said to be a mixture of powdered gentian, calumba,
and quassia.

lupetazin (lu-pef -az-in) , HN(CH2CH . CH3)2NH.
A white, crystalline powder similar to piperazin in
action, application, and dosage. 1. tartrate, lycetol.

lupia (lu'-pe-ah) [lupus]. A name given to several
kinds of malignant tumor, phagedenic ulcer, and
fungoid growth.

lupiform (lu'-pe-form) [lupus; forma, form]. Re-
sembling lupus.

lupigenin (lu-pij'-en-in) [lupus, a wolf], C17H12O6.
A substance* resulting from the decomposition of
lupiin by acids.

lupiin (lu'-pe-in) [lupus, a wolf], C29H32O16+7H2O.
A bitter principle found in germinating lupine seeds.

lupine (lu'-pen) [lupus], A plant of the genus
Lupinus. Lupinus albus and other species contain
a bitter glucoside, lupinin (C29H32O16), while from L.
luteus an alkaloid, arginine (C6H14N4O2), is obtained.
The bruised seeds of L. albus have been used as an
external application to ulcers.

lupinidine (lu-pin' -id-en) [lupine], CsH^N. A
liquid alkaloid obtained from Lupinus luteus.

lupinosis (lu-pin-o'-sis). See lathyrism.

lupinotoxin (lu-pin-o-toks'-in) [lupinus, lupine;
Tofynov, poison]. A resinoid derived from certain
poisonous species of lupine, and said to be capable
of producing the symptoms of lupinosis.

lupinus (lu-pi'-nus). See lupine.

lupoid (lu'-poid). Having the nature of lupus.
1. sycosis. See ulerythema sycosiforme. See lupiform.

lupoma (lu-po'-mah). The primary nodule of
lupus.

lupomania (lu-po-ma'-ne-ah) [lupus, wolf; navia,
madness]. Rabies.

lupotome (lu'-po-tom) [lupus, wolf; tow, a cutting].
A cutting or scarifying instrument sometimes used
in the treatment of lupus.

lupous (lu'-pus) [lupus, wolf]. Affected with or
pertaining to lupus.

lupulin, lupulinum (lu'-pu-lin, lu-pu-li' -num)
[lupulus, hop]. The lupulinum of the U. S. P. is
the glandular powder obtained from the strobiles of
Humulus lupulus. It is antispasmodic and sedative,
and is used in sexual excitement, delirium tremens,
renal and vesical irritation, and spermatorrhea.
Dose 5-15 gr- (0.32-1.0 Gin,). 1., extract of (extrac-
tum lupulini, B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).
1., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum lupulini, U. S. P.).
Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc). 1., infusion of (infusum
lupulini, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 1.,
oleoresin of (oleoresina lupulini, U. S. P.). Dose
3 gr. (0.2 Gm.).

lupulus (lu'-pii-lus). See humulus.

lupus (lu'-pus) [L., "a wolf"]. A chronic tubercu-
lous disease of the skin and mucous membranes,
characterized by the formation of nodules of granu-
lation tissue. It passes through a number of phases,
and terminates by ulceration or atrophy, with scar-
formation. The cause of the disease is the tubercle
bacillus. Syn., lupus exedens; lupus vulgaris. 1.,
disseminated follicular, a variety of lupus confined
to the face, especially in the situations usually occu-
pied by acne. The papules are from a large pin-
head to a pea in size, conical and deep red. 1. ery-
thematosus, a form not due to the tubercle bacillus.
It occurs, as a rule, in multiple patches, with a ten-
dency to symmetrical arrangement, chiefly about the.
face and head, occasionally on the extremities, and
rarely on the trunk. The patches are sharply defined
at the border, flat, very slightly raised, and with a
tendency to the formation of crusts. The color is
bright-red, and there are no nodules. It is most
common in women of adult or middle age. Syn.,
Cazenave's lupus; lupus erythematodes. 1. erythe-
matosus sebaceus, a form with special involvement
of the sebaceous glands. 1. exedens. Synonym of
lupus. 1. hypertrophicus, that variety of lupus in
which new connective-tissue formation predominates
over the destructive process, and markedly raised,
thick patches result. 1. maculosus, a variety of
lupus characterized by the eruption of very soft,
smooth, brownish-red, semitranslucent miliary nod-
ules that develop in the connective tissue of otherwise
healthy skin without subjective sensations. 1.
nonexedens, lupus without ulceration. 1. serpigi-
nosus, that which spreads peripherally while cica-

trizing centrally. 1. tumidus, a form with edematous
infiltration. 1. vegetans, 1. verrucosus, the formation
in the lupus process of a warty-looking patch liable
to become inflamed. 1. vulgaris, lupus.

lupuscarcinoma (lu-pus-kar-sinro'-mah). A carci-
noma developing from lupus.

lura (lu'-rah) [L., the mouth of a bag]. The con-
tracted orifice of the infundibulum after removal of
the hypophysis.

lural (lii'-ral). Relating to the lura.

luridity (lu-rid'-it-e) [luridus; luror, yellow color].
A pale-yellow color met with in certain cachectic
conditions; also in atrophied paralyzed limbs.

Luschka's bursa (loosh'-keh) [Herbert von Luschka,
German anatomist, 1820-1875]. A crypt, larger and
more clearly defined than the neighboring crypts,
frequently located in the lower part of the pharyngeal
tonsil, and regarded as a vestige of the communica-
tion existing during early fetal life between the
pharynx and the hypophysis. L.'s cartilage, an
inconstant, small, cartilaginous nodule, inclosed in
the front part of the true vocal cord. L.'s fold,
ileocolic fold; a semilunar fold of the peritoneum
which is attached to the anterior layer of the mesen-
tery, the anterior aspect of the ascending colon, and
the cecum as far as the vermiform appendix. L.'s
foramina, two small openings in the lateral recesses
of the pia covering the fourth ventricle; they trans-
mit the choroid plexus. L.'s fossa, a narrow fossa
bounded by the ileocolic fold in front, and by the
enteric mesentery, the ileum, and a small portion of
the upper and inner walls of the cecum behind. Syn.,
ileocolic fossa. L.'s gland. 1. The pharyngeal
tonsil. 2. The coccygeal gland. 3. The carotid
gland; the intercarotid gland, a minute body of
glandular structure and unknown function, situated
at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.
L.'s line, an imaginary line extending from the
middle of the internal palpebral ligament to the
space between the first and second molars, and
indicating the course of the lacrimal sac and nasal
duct. L.'s subpharyngeal cartilage, a small body
of hyaline cartilage situated in the areolar tissue of
the lower part of the faucial tonsil. It represents a
vestige of the third postoral arch of the embryo and
is occasionally the seat of morbid growths. L.'s
tonsil, the adenoid tissue normally existing between
the orifices of the Eustachian tubes, analogous in
structure to the lymphoid constituents of the tonsil.

luscitas (lus'-it-as) [luscus, one-eyed]. 1. The
state of being blind in one eye. 2. Strabismus,
especially when caused by paralysis or rheumatism.

lusis (lu'-sis) [Kovais, a washing]. A washing.

Lusk's contraction ring [William Thompson Lusk,
American obstetrician, 1838-1897]. Same as Bandl's
ring, q. v.

lusus naturae (lu'-sus na-tii'-re) [lusus, a play;
natura, nature]. A freak of nature.

lust. Carnal desire; sexual appetite; concupis-
cence.

Lustig's plague serum (loos'-tig) [Alessandro
Lustig, Italian pathologist]. An antitoxic and
bactericidal serum obtained by immunizing horses
with injections of plague bacilli and collecting the
serum from the blood of these animals.

lustramentum (lus-tram-en'-tum) [lustrare, to
purify]. A purge.

lutarious (lu-ta'-re-us) [lutum, mud]. Relating to,
like, or living in mud.

lutation (lu-ta'-shun) [lutum, mud]. The hermetic
sealing of a vessel.

Lutaud's lotion {loo' -to). A lotion for pruritus of
the vulva. It consists of eucalyptus oil, 10 parts;
cocaine hydrochloride, 1 part; chloral hydrate, 10
parts; distilled water, 500 parts.

lute (.lilt) [lutum, mud]. A composition for sealing
vessels hermetically or for closing joints in apparatus.
It may be made of lime and white of egg, linseed-
meal, and starch, or of clay and drying oil.

lutecium, or lutetium (loo-te'-shum). A new chemi-
cal element, discovered in 1907; symbol Lu, atomic
weight 174-

lutein (lu'-te-in) [luteus, yellow]. 1. A yellow
pigment obtained from the corpora lutea by extrac-
tion with chloroform. 2. An internal secretion of
the ovary.

lutidin (lu'-tid-in), C7H9N. A toxic liquid distilled
from bituminous shale. 1., beta-, C7H9N, a toxic,
colorless liquid obtained by distillation of cinchonine
with potassium hydroxide. It is narcotic and

LUTREXANTHEMA

525

LYMPHANGIOMA

antispasmodic, and recommended as an antidote to
strychnine.

lutrexanthema (lu-treks-an'-the-mah) [\ovrpdv, a
bath; exanthema]. An eruption due to bathing.

Luttke's test for free hydrochloric acid in gastric
juice (loot'-keh). The quantitative determination
successively of the total chlorine, the chlorine of the
fixed chlorides, and that of the free and combined
hydrochloric acid.

luxatio erecta. A dislocation of the shoulder-
joint in which the head of the humerus is in the axilla
and the shaft is directed upward against the head of
the patient. 1., imperfecta, incomplete dislocation,
sprain. _

luxation (luks-a'-shun). See dislocation.

luxus (luks'-us) [L.]. Excess, l.-consumption, a
term applied to the metabolism of certain surplus
protein material, which, though inside the body,
does not form a component part of any of its tissues,
but constitutes a kind of reservoir of force upon
which the organism may draw. 1., heart, cardiac
dilatation with hypertrophy of the left ventricle.

Luys' body, L.'s nucleus (lez) [Jules Bernard Luys,
French physician, 1828-1897]. An almond-shaped
mass of gray matter with pigmented ganglion-cells
in the subthalamic region.

Luys separator (lez) [Georges Luys, French
physician]. An apparatus consisting of a diaphragm
attached to a sound by means of which the bladder is
divided into two parts, thus allowing the urine from
each ureter to be collected separately.

lycanthrope (li'-kan-throp) [Xwcos, wolf; avdpuiros,
man]. A person affected with lycanthropy.

lycanthropic (li-kan-throp'-ik) [Xwcos, wolf; avOpuiros,
man]. Pertaining to or affected with lycanthropy.

lycanthropy (li-kan'-thro-pe) [Xwos, a wolf; avdpuiros,
man] . A form of mania in which the patient imagines
himself a wild beast.

lycetal, lycetol (lis'-et-al, -ol), C6H14N2C4H6O6.
A derivative of dimethylpiperazin combined with
tartaric acid. It is used in gout. Dose 15-45 gr.
(0.97-2.9 Gm.) well diluted in carbonated water.

Lychnis (lik'-nis) [Xvx^'s. the lampfiower]. A genus
of plants of the order Caryophyllacece. L. githago,
corn-cockle, is a species of Europe naturalized here.
The seeds are diuretic, expectorant, and anthelmintic.

lyciiorm (lis' -e-form) . See lycoform.

lycine (li'-sin). Same as betaine, q. v.

lycoctonine (lik-ok'-ton-en). An alkaloid extracted
from Aconitum lycoctonum. It is crystallizable, very
soluble in alcohol, and but slightly so in ether or water.

lycodes (li-ko'-dez) [\vkos, wolf]. A chronic form
of tonsillitis. See lycoides.

lycoform (li'-ko-form). A proprietary combination
of alcoholic potash soap solution and formaldehyde.

lycoid (li'-koid) [\vkos, wolf; dSos, like]. Re-
sembling a wolf.

lycomania (li-ko-ma'-ne-ah). See lycanthropy.

Lycoperdon (li-ko-per'-don) [\vkos, wolf; ircpSeotfat,
to break wind]. A genus of fungi. L. bovista, the
fist-ball, puff ball, or devil's snuff-box, has been used
as a styptic, and is now employed to some extent
in nervous diseases.

lycopin (li'-ko-pin) [\vkos, wolf; irovs, foot]. A
precipitate from a tincture of Lycopus virginicus, an
astringent, styptic, sedative, and tonic. Dose
from 1 to 4 grains.

lycopodium (li-ko-po'-de-um) [Xwcos, wolf; xous,
foot]. The spores of L. clavatum and other varieties,
official in the U. S. P., and occurring in the form of a
light, fine, yellowish powder. It is used as a desic-
cant and absorbent on moist and excoriated surfaces,
and as an inert powder in which to embed pills to
prevent their adhering to one another. Syn., club-
moss; witch-meal; wolf's-claw.

lycopus (li'-ko-pus) [Xwcos, wolf; 71-ous, foot]. Bugle
weed, the Lycopus virginicus; it is an astringent and
hemostatic.

lycorexia, lycorrhexy (li-kor-eks'-e-ah, li'-kor-eks-e)
[Xukos, wolf; 5pe|is, appetite]. A wolfish or canine
appetite; bulimia.

lycostoma (li-kos'-to-mah) [Xwcos, wolf; arotia,
mouth]. Cleft palate.

lycresol (li'-kre-sol). A soap solution containing
crude cresol.

lye (li) [AS., ledh]. 1. An alkaline solution ob-
tained by leaching ashes. 2. Any alkaline solution.

lyencephalous (li-en-sef'-al-us) [Xveiv, to loosen;
ijKe<pa\os, brain]. Having cerebral hemispheres that
are loosely united.

lygismus {li-jiz'-mus) [KvyiauSs, a bending]. A
melodious, flexible voice; also, dislocation.

lying-in. 1. Being in confinement. 2. The puer-
peral state.

lyma (li'-mah) [\vp.a, washings: pi., lymata].
1. Filth, or sordes. 2. Lochia.

lymph (limf) [lympha, water]. 1. The fluid in the
lymphatic vessels, the product of the filtration of the
liquid portion of the blood through the walls of the
capillaries. 2. The coagulable exudate on an in-
flamed surface. 3- The liquid material used for
vaccination; vaccine-lymph. 1., animal, vaccine-
lymph obtained from an animal, l.-cell, l.-corpuscle,
a leukocyte occurring in the lymph, l.-channel.
See l.-space. 1., fibrinous, transparent, tenacious
lymph that coagulates spontaneously. It is almost
colorless and contains a large amount of fibrin and
but few corpuscles, l.-follicles, small collections of
lymphadenoid tissue occurring in mucous membranes.
l.-hearts, certain organs found in the frog and in
some fishes, which are to the lymph-stream what the
blood-heart is to the blood-stream. 1., humanized,
vaccine from a human being. 1., inflammatory, that
thrown out as a product of inflammation in wounds,
etc. 1., Koch's, tuberculin. 1., plastic, fibrinous
lymph; that forming embryonic tissue. 1. reservoir,
the receptaculum chyli. l.-scrotum, an enlarged
scrotum due to distention of the lymphatic vessels
and hyperplasia of the tissues, l.-sinus. Same as
l.-space. l.-spaces, the lacunae occurring in connec-
tive tissue and containing lymph. 1., vaccine-.
See vaccine-lymph.

lymphaden (Jim-fa' -den) [lympha, water; 6.5-qv,
gland]. Any lymphatic gland.

lymphadenectasis (lim-fad-en-ek'-tas-is) [lymph;
&5i7J>, gland; acraais, distention]. Dilatation of the
sinuses of a lymph-gland producing a tumor-like

lymphadenhypertrophy (lim-fad-en-hi-per'-tro-fe)
[lymph; dd-qv, gland; hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy
of the lymphatic glands.

lymphadenia (lim-fad-e'-ne-ah) [lympha, lymph;
a8r)i>, gland]. A general hyperplasia of the lymphatic
tissue with or without leukocytosis.

lymphadenism (lim-fad' -en-izm) [lympha, lymph;
0.5171', gland]. The general condition of disease that
accompanies lymphadenoma.

lymphadenitis (lim-fad-en-i'-tis) [lymph; &8r}v,
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph-
atic gland. 1. calculosa, that combined with cal-
careous degeneration. 1., scrofulous, the small-celled
caseous or suppurative hyperplasia of the lymph-
glands. 1., tuberculous, the formation of tubercles
in the lymph-glands.

lymphadenoid (lim-fad' -en-oid) [lymph; adenoid].
Resembling, or of the nature of, a lymphatic gland
or lymphatic tissue.

lymphadenoma (lim-fad-en-o' -mah) [lymph; ade-
noma]. Hyperplasia of the lymphatic glands. See
Hodgkin's disease.

lymphadenosis (lim-fad-en-o' -sis) [lympha, lymph;
adrjv, gland; vbaos, disease]. General lymphadenoma.

lymphasduct (lim'-fe-dukt). See lympheduct.

lymphasmia (lim-fe'-me-ah). See lymphemia.

lymphagogue (lim'-fag-og) [lymph; &yuy6s, lead-
ing]. 1. Stimulating the flow of lymph. 2. An
agent that stimulates the flow of lymph.

lymphangeitis (lim-fan-je-i'-tis). See lymphan-
gitis.

lymphangiectasis, lymphangiectasia (lim-fan-je-ek'-
tas-is, -ek-ta'-ze-ah) [lymph; hyyelov, vessel; hcraais,
widening]. 1. Dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.
2. Elephantiasis.

lymphangiectodes (lim-fan-je-ek-to'-dez). See

lymphangioma circumscriptum.

lymphangienchysis (lim-fan-je-en'-kis-is) [lympha,
lymph; kyytlov, vessel; I7XWJ-1S, a pouring in]. Injec-
tion of the lymphatic vessels.

lymphangioendothelioma (lim-fan-je-o-en-do-the-
le-o'-mah). An endothelioma originating in lymph-
vessels.

lymphangiofibroma (lim-fan-je-o-fi-bro'-mah) .

Lymphangioma combined with fibroma.

lymphangiography (lim-fan-je-og'-ra-fe) [lympha,
water; byyelov, vessel; ypkytiv, to write]. A descrip-
tion of the lymphatics.

lymphangiology (lim-fan-je-ol'-o-je)[lymph; kyy iiov,
vessel; X670S, science]. The anatomy, physiology,
and pathology of the lymphatics.

lymphangioma (lim-fan-je-o'-mah) [lymph; angi-

LYMPHANGIOMYOMA

526

LYMPHORRHAGIA

oma; pi., lymphangiomata], A dilated or varicose
condition or tumor of the lymphatic vessels. 1.
capillare varicosum. Synonym of I. circumscriptum.
1. cavernosum. Synonym of I. circumscriptum. 1.
circumscriptum, lymphangiectodes; lupus lymphati-
cus, a very rare disease of the skin occurring in early
life. It is marked by the formation of straw-yellow
vesicles, deeply situated in the skin, with thick and
tense walls, and connected with the lymphatics.
Its cause is unknown. 1. tuberosum multiplex, a
very rare disease of the skin, probably congenital,
characterized by the formation of large, brownish-
red papules or tubercles, the size of lentils, not
arranged in groups or clusters, but scattered indis-
criminately over the trunk.

lymphangiomyoma (lim-fan-je-o-mi-o'-mah). See
myoma.

lymphangion (lim-fan'-je-on) [lympha, lymph; &y-
yelov, vessel]. A lymphatic vessel.

lymphangiophlebitis (lim-fan-je-o-fleb-i'-tis)

[lymph; AyyeZov, vessel; phlebitis]. Inflammation of
the lymphatic vessels and veins.

lymphangioplasty (lim-fan-je-o-plas'-te) [lymph;
&yyelop, vessel; ifKaaaeiv, to form]. Operative forma-
tion of artificial lymphatics by means of silk threads.

lymphangiopyra (lim-fan-je-op'-ir-ah) [lympha,
lymph; ayyelov, vessel; vvp, fire]. Fever due to or
accompanying a disease of the lymphatics.

lymphangiosarcoma (lim-fan-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) .

Lymphangioma attended with sarcoma.

lymphangioscopy (lim-fan-je-os'-ko-pe) [lympha,
lymph; hyy eZov, vessel; anoweZv, to inspect]. In-
spection or observation of the lymphatics.

lymphangiotomy (lim-fan-je-ot'-o-me) [lympha,
lymph; ayyelov, vessel; toiiv, a cutting]. Dissection
or anatomy of the lymphatics.

lymphangitis (lim-fan-ji'-tis) [lymph; hyytZov,
vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
lymphatic vessel.

lymphangpncus (lim-fan-gon'-kus) [lympha, lymph;
&yyeiot>, vessel; oyicos, a tumor]. A firm swelling of
the lymphatic vessels.

lymphapostema (lim-fap-os-te'-mah) [lympha,
lymph; 6.Tr6aTrip.a, abscess: pi., lymphapostemata].
A lymphatic abscess.

lymphatic (lim-fat'-ik) [lymph]. Pertaining to
lymph; containing or characterized by lymph.
1. gland. See gland. 1. leukemia, leukemia of
lymphatic origin. 1. system, a system of vessels and
glands accessory to the blood-vascular system, con-
veying lymph. It begins as innumerable capillaries
in interspaces of tissues. These form plexuses
studded with lymph-glands that act as filters and
finally all those below the diaphragm unite in the
recaptaculum chyli on the second lumbar vertebra.
From this the thoracic duct leads upward to empty
into the junction of the left subclavian and internal
jugular veins. The lymph from the upper right half
of the body and head enters the right lymphatic duct,
which empties into the junction of the right internal
jugular and subclavian veins. 1. vessel, a tube for
conveying lymph.

lymphaticosanguine (lim-fat-ik-o-san'-gwin)

t[lympha, lymph; sanguis, blood]. Both lymphatic
;and sanguine. See temperament.

lymphaticosplenic (lim-fat-ik-o-splen'-ik) . Relat-
ing to the lymphatics and the spleen.

lymphatics (lim-fat'-iks) [lymph]. The capillary
-tubes pervading the body, which convey lymph.

lymphatism (lim'-fat-izm). The lymphatic tem-
• perament ; scrofula. See status lymphaticus.

lymphatitis (lim-fat-i'-tis). See lymphangitis.

lymphatocele (lim-fat'-o-sel) [lympha, lymph; icf/Xif,
ttumor]. A tumor composed of dilated lymph-vessels.

lymphatology {lim-fat-ol'-o-je). See lymphology.

Jymphectasia (lim-fek-ta'-ze-ah) [lymph; en-cum,
widening]. Dilatation with lymph.

lymphedema (lim-fe-de'-mah) [lymph; otSr/na,
edema]. Serous edema.

lympheduct (lim'-fe-dukt) [lympha, lymph; ducere,
to lead]. A lymphatic vessel or duct.

lymphemia (lim-fe'-me-ah) [lymph; al/xa, blood].
Leukemia characterized by enlargement of the
lymphatic glands.

lymphendothelioma (lim-fen-do-the-le-o'-mah). A
newgrowth characterized by a soft myxomatous
tissue containing cysts and tubules lined with flat,
scale-like cells, resembling the endothelium of the
lymphatics.

lymphenteritis (lim-fen-ter-i'-tis) [lympha, lymph;

evrepov, bowels; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the bowels attended with serous infiltration.
2. Inflammation of the serous coat of the intestine;
peritonitis.

lymphepatitis (limf-hep-at-i'-tis) [lympha, lymph;
rjirap, liver; trw, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the peritoneal coat of the liver.

lympheurysma (lim-fu-riz'-mah). See lympha-
neurysma.

lymphexosmosis (lim-feks-os-mo'-sis). Exosmosis
of lymph; passage of lymph outward, through the
coats of the lymph-vessels.

lymphitis (lim-fi'-tis). See lymphangitis.

lymphization (lim-fiz-a'-shun). The formation of
lymph.

lympho- (lim-fo-) [lymph]. A prefix meaning re-
lating to lymph or to the lymphatic glands.

lymphoadenoma (lim-fo-ad-en-o'-mah). A uterine
neoplasm involving the interstitial lymph-tissue and
the glands.

lymphoblast (lim'-fo-blast) [lympho-; p\a<rr6s,
germ]. Any cell with a nutritive function.

lymphocele (lim'-fo-sel) [lympho-; Krj\-q, tumor].
A tumor containing an abnormal collection or quan-
tity of lymph.

lymphocyte (lim'-fo-stt) [lympho-; kvtos, a cell].
i. A lymph-cell. 2. One of Ehrlich's classes of
leukocytes, comprising those small cells having large
nuclei and a very small amount of protoplasm. See
leukocyte.

lymphocythemia (lim-fo-si-the'-me-ah) [lymphocyte;
alfia, blood]. An excess of lymphocytes in the
blood.

lymphocytosis (lim-fo-si-to'-sis). See lymphocy-
themia.

lymphocytotoxin {lim-fo-si-to-toks'-in) [lymphocyte;
to^ikov, poison]. A bacterial product having specific
action on the lymphocytes.

lymphodermia (lim-fo-der'-me-ah) [lympho-; 8kpp.a,
skin]. _ An affection of the lymphatics of the skin.
1. perniciosa, leukemic enlargement of the glands.

lymphoduct (lim'-fo-dukt). See lympheduct.

lymphofiuxion (lim-fo-fluk'-shun) [lympho-; fiuere,
to flow]. The increased flow of lymph induced by
certain stomachics.

lymphogenous (lim-foj'-en-us) [lympho-; yewav, to
beget]. Producing lymph.

lymphoglandula (lim-fo-glan'-du-lah) [lympho- ;
glandula, gland]. BNA term for a lymphatic gland.

lymphogonia (lim-fo-go'-ne-ah) [lympho-; ybvos,
offspring]. Large lymphocytes having a relatively
large nucleus deficient in chromatin, and a faintly
basic nongranular protoplasm, observed in lymphatic
leukemia.

lymphogranulomatosis (lim-fo-gran-u-lo-mah-to'-sis)
[lympho-; granuloma]. Hodgkin's disease.

lymphography (lim-fog'-ra-fe) [lympho-; ypa<peiv,
to write]. A description of the lymphatics.

lymphoid (lim'-foid) [lympho-; elSos, like]. Having
the appearance or character of lymph.

lymphology (lim-fol'-o-je) [lympho-; \6yos, science].
The study of the anatomy and physiology of the
lymphatic system.

lymphoma {lim-fo' -mah) [lympho-; 6fia, tumor].
A tumor composed of lymphadenoid tissue. The
term includes also formations not strictly tumors,
as hyperplasia of the tissues proper to lymphatic
glands. 1., malignant. Synonym of Hodgkin's
disease.

lymphomatosis (lim-fo-mat-o'-sis) [lymphoma]. A
condition characterized by general lymphatic engorge-
ment. 1. diffusa, Hodgkin's disease.

lymphomatous (lim-fo' -mat-us) [lymphoma]. Of
the nature of, or affected with, lymphoma.

lymphomyeloma (lim-fo-mi-el-o'-mah). i. A my-
eloma involving the lymphatic system. 2. A sar-
coma containing small round-cells.

lymphomyxoma (lim-fo-miks-o'-mah) [lympho- ;
myxoma]. A new-growth, usually benign, consisting
of adenoid tissue.

lymphoncus (lim-fong'-kus) [lympho-; oyKos, tumor].
A hard lymphatic swelling. 1. iridis. See iridauxesis.

lymphopathy (lim-fop'-ath-e) [lympho-; iraffos,
disease]. Any disorder of the lymphatic organs.

lymphopenia (lim-fo-pe'-ne-ah) [lympho; irevia,
poverty]. A deficiency of lymphocytes in the
circulating blood.

lymphorrhagia (lim-for-a'-je-ah) [lympho-; fayvbvai,
to burst forth]. A flow of lymph from a ruptured
lymphatic vessel.

LYMPHORRHEA

527

LYTTA

lymphorrhea (lim-for-e'-ah) [lympho-; pola, a flow].
A discharge of lymph from a wound, internally or
externally.

lymphosarcoma (lim-fo-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma
having some of the structural elements of a lymphatic
gland. 1. malignum multiplex. Same aslymphadenoma.

lymphosarcomatosis (lim-fo-sar-ko-mat-o'-sis)

[lympho-; o-dpKUfj.a, fleshy mass]. A condition or
diathesis marked by the development of lympho-
sarcoma; also, the process of such development.

lymphosis (lim-fo'-sis) [lympha, lymph]. The
elaboration of lymph.

lymphostasis (lim-fos'-tas-is) [lympho-; araais,
a placing]. Stasis or stoppage of the flow of lymph.

lymphotome (lim'-fo-tom) [lympho-; rkuveiv, to
cut]. An instrument, on the principle of the tonsil-
lotome, with a flexible cutting-blade for removing
adenoids.

lymphotomy (lim-fot' -o-me) . See lymphangiotomy .

lymphotorrhea (lim-fot-or-e'-ah) [lympho-; ovs,
ear; pola, a flow]. A serous or watery discharge from
the ear.

lymphotoxemia (lim-fo-toks-e'-me-ah). See status
lymphaticus. _

lymphotoxic (lim-fo-toks'-ik). Pertaining to or
characteristic of a substance having toxic action on
the lymphatic tissue.

lymphotoxin (lim-fo-toks'-in) [lympho-; to^ikov,
poison]. A cyto toxin having specific action on lymph-
atic tissue.

lymphotrophy {lim-fot' -ro-fe) [lympho-; rpo^-f],
nourishment]. Nourishment of the cells by the
lymph in regions of imperfect vascularization.

lymphous (Urn' -f us). Relating to, containing, or
consisting of lymph.

lymphuria (lim-fu'-re-ah) [lympha, lymph; ovpov,
urine]. A condition in which the urine spontane-
ously coagulates, but contains no fat, as it does in
chyluria.

lynx (links) [\vy£, a sobbing]. Hiccough; violent
sobbing.

lypemania (li-pe-ma'-ne-ah) [\vinj, sadness; fiavla,
madness]. A form of dementia accompanied by pro-
found mental depression and refusal to take food.

lyperophrenia (li-per-o-fre'-ne-ah) [Xvirvpos, distress-
ing; <t>p-f]v, mind]. Melancholia.

lypothymia (li-po-thi' -me-ah) [Kvirrj, sadness; dvp.6s,
mind]. Melancholia; severe mental prostration from
grief. This condition is not to be confounded with
leipothymia, q. v.

lyptol (lip'-tol). An ointment said to consist of
mercuric chloride, eucalyptus oil, formaldehyde,
and benzoboric acid. It is used as a dressing for
ulcers, cutaneous diseases, etc.

lyra (li'-rah). Certain longitudinal, transverse
and oblique lines on the inferior surface of the
fornix, the arrangement of which bears a fanciful
resemblance to a lyre.

lysargin (li-sar'-jin). Colloidal silver, used as an
antiseptic.

lysatin (lis'-at-in), C6H13N3O2. An alkaloid from
casein.

lysatinin (lis-at'-in-in), C6H11N3O or C6H13N3O2.
A mixture of equal molecules of arginin and lysin.

lysemia (li-se' -me-ah) [Xfaris, solution; al/ia, blood].
A dissolution of the blood, or a losing of the integral
parts of it.

lysidine (li'-sid-en), C4H8N2. A base obtained
from dry distillation of sodium acetate with ethylene
diamine hydrochloride. It is recommended in cases
of uric-acid diathesis. Dose 15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.)
of the crystals daily in a pint of cold water. Syn.,
ethylene-ethenyldiamine ; methylglyoxalidin.

lysimeter (li-sim'-et-er) [Kvo-is, solution; iikrpov,
measure]. An apparatus for determining the solu-
bility of a substance.

lysin (li'-sin) [Kveiv, to loose]. 1. CeHuNzO^. A
histon base discovered among the cleavage-products
of casein and produced by the tryptic digestion of
fibrin. 2. A cell-dissolving substance found in the
blood-serum.

lysinosis (lis-in-o'-sis) [Kvacs, \veu>, to loose (a
ravelling or shred; v6<ros, a disease]. A disease of
the lungs due to the inhalation of cotton-fibers.

lysis (li'-sis) [ see lysin]. 1. The gradual decline of a
disease, especially of a fever. 2. The action of a lysin.

lysoform (li'-so-form). A combination of lysol
and formaldehyde, soluble in water and alcohol.
It is used as an antiseptic in 1 to 3 % solutions.

lysogen (li'-so-jen) [lysin; yewav, to produce].
A substance or body which produces a lysin.

lysogenic (li-so-jen'-ik) [lysis; yewav, to produce].
Giving rise to lysins or producing lysis.

lysol (li'-sol) [\veii>, to loose]. A brown liquid
substance obtained by boiling tar-oils with alkalies
and fats. It is used as an antiseptic in surgery, in
lupus, gonorrhea, and as a gargle in sore throat.

lysosolveol (lis-o-sol'-ve-ol). A disinfectant said
to be a mixture of potassium linoleate, cresols, and
water.

lyssa (lis' -ah) [\vo~o-a, madness]. A synonym of
hydrophobia or rabies.

lyssic (lis'-ik) [Kvcraa, madness]. Pertaining to
rabies j due to rabies.

lyssin (lis'-in) [lyssa]. The specific virus of
hydrophobia.

lyssodexis (lis-o-deks'-is) [\vo-cra, madness; baKveiv,
to bite]. The bite of a rabid dog.

lyssoid (Us'-oid) [\v<ro-a, rabies; eI5os, like]. Re-
sembling rabies; resembling madness.

lyssophobia (lis-o-fo'-be-ah) [lyssa; <£6/3os, fear].
Morbid dread of rabies; pseudohydrophobia'.

lysulfol (li-sul'-fol). Trade name of a compound
of sulphur (10 %) and lysol forming a black mass.
It is used in skin diseases.

lyterian (li-te'-re-an). Indicative of a lysis, or of a
favorable crisis, terminating an attack of disease.

lytic (lit'-ik) [lysis]. 1. Relating to a lysis or to a
solution. 2. Relating to a lysin.

lytta (lit'-ah). Synonym of hydrophobia.

Lytta (lit'-ah). A genus of vesicant coleoptera
established by Fabricius. L. vesicatoria. See
cantharides. L. vittata, the potato-fly, containing one
per cent, or more of cantharidin.

M

M. The abbreviation of musculus, myopia, my-
opic, mille, and misce (mix), as a numeral it represents
the number iooo.

m. An abbreviation for meter, and minim.

m-. An abbreviation in chemistry for meta-.

p. Greek equivalent of m. Used as abbreviation
for a micron.

M.A. Abbreviation for Master of Arts.

ma. An abbreviation of milliampere.

M +Am. Abbreviation for compound myopic
astigmatism.

mabi (mor'-be). A beverage, common in the
West Indies, prepared from the leaves of the Colubrina
reclinata.

Mac, Mc, M\, beginning proper names will be
found as if spelled Mac, and in strict alphabetical
order.

mac. An abbreviation of macera, macerate.

macaco worm (mah-kah'-ko wurm) [from a Mala-
gasy name]. The larva of a S. American fly, Derma-
tobia noxialis, which infests the skin of men and
animals.

macaja, or macaya butter. The solid oil obtained
from the fruit of the macaw-palm, Acrocomia sclero-
carpa.

macalline (mak-al'-en). An amorphous alkaloid
without taste, from macallo-bark, sparingly soluble
in amyl alcohol and in chloroform, insoluble in
alcohol, ether, or water.

macaroni (mak-ar-o'-ne) [Ital.]. i. Slender tubes
made of flour-paste; a favorite dish in Italy and also
in the U. S. 2. An active purgative used in lead-
colic. Antimony sulphide is one of the ingredients.

McBurney's point [Charles McBurney, American
surgeon, 1845-1913]. The point of tenderness in
appendicitis, five or six centimeters above the right
anterior superior iliac spine, on a line drawn from
this point to the umbilicus.

McClintock's rule [Alfred Henry McClintock,
Irish physician, 1822-1881]. A pulse of 100 or more
beats a minute, after parturition, indicates impending
postpartum hemorrhage.

McDonald's solution [Ellice McDonald, American
gynecologist]. An antiseptic solution consisting of
acetone (commercial) 40, denatured alcohol 60,
and pyxol 2 parts.

Macdowel's frenum. The intermuscular expan-
sions given off by the posterior layer of the tendon
of the pectoralis major.

mace (mas). A spice derived from the dried
covering of the nutmeg, q. v.

macene (mas'-en) [macis, mace], C10H16. An
essential oil resulting from the distillation of the
flowers of nutmeg. The hydrochloride on distillation
yields a camphor.

maceration (mas-er-a' -shun) [macerare, to make
soft]. The process of softening a solid substance,
or of converting into a soft mass by soaking in a
liquid, as maceration of the fetus.

macerator (mas' -er-a-tor) [macerare, to make soft].
A vessel used for macerating a substance.

Macewen's osteotomy (mak-u'-en) [Sir William
Macewen, Scotch surgeon, 1848- ]. Supracondy-
loid division of the femur from the inner side for
genu valgum. M.'s space. See M.'s triangle. M.'s
symptom, increased resonance on combined percus-
sion and auscultation of the skull in certain gross
lesions of the intracranial contents — e. g., in cerebral
abscess or overdistended lateral ventricles. M.'s
triangle, the suprameatal triangle; the triangular
space bounded by the upper half of the posterior
wall of the external auditory meatus, by the supra-
mastoid crest, and by an imaginary line dropped from
the latter at the level of the posteroinferior wall of
the external meatus. It is the space selected for
trephining in cases of otitic abscess of the temporo-
sphenoidal lobe.

Mache unit (mah'-keh) [Heinrich Mache, Austrian

physicist, 1876- J. A term used to express the
concentration of radium emanations. It is the satur-
ation ionization current due to the radium emanation
from a liter of solution or gas, expressed in electro-
static units multiplied by 1000.

macies (ma'-se-ez) [macies, a wasting]. Atrophy,
leanness, wasting, m. infantum. Synonym of tabes
mesenterica.

macilent (mas' -il-ent) [macilentus, lean]. Meager;
thin; lean.

macis (ma' -sis). Same as mace; see nutmeg.

Mackenzie's eye-lotion. Corrosive sublimate,
1 gr.; ammonium chloride, 6 gr.; cochineal, § gr.;
alcohol, 1 dr. ; water, 8 oz.

mackintosh (mak'-in-tosh) [Charles Mackintosh,
the inventor]. A fabric of silk or cotton, rendered
waterproof and airproof by a coating of India rubber;
it is used in antiseptic surgery and in obstetrics.

maclayin (mak-la'-in), C17H32O11. A powerful
local irritant said to be a glucoside from Bassia
maclayana.

McLeod's capsular rheumatism (mak-lowd') [Rod-
erick McLeod, Scotch physician, 1795-1852]. Rheu-
matoid arthritis attended with considerable effusion
into the synovial sacs, sheaths, and bursas.

MacMunn's test for indican in the urine. Boil
equal parts of urine and hydrochloric acid and a few
drops of nitric acid; cool, and shake with chloroform.
The chloroform becomes violet and shows an ab-
sorption band before D, due to indigo-blue, and one
after D, due to indigo-red.

macradenous (mak-rad'-en-us) [p.a.Kpb%, large;
6.5-qv, gland]. Having large glands.

macrencephalic, macrencephalous (mak-ren-sef-
al'-ik, mak-ren-sef'-al-us) [p.a.Kp6s, long; iyKe<pa\os,
brain]. Having a large or long skull.

macrencephalus (mak-ren-sef'-al-us) [tianpos, large;
iyK€<f>a\os, brain]. Lissauer's term for a skull in
which the angle formed by the junction of the lines
drawn from the hormion to the nasion and to the
inion is between 156. 5° and 1700.

macrencranus (mak-ren-kra'-nus) [nanpos, large;
iv, in; upavlov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull
having a large cerebellar sector (from 200 to 27.5°).

macritas (mak'-rit-as) [macer, lean]. Emaciation,
leanness.

macro- (mak-ro-) [/m/cpos, large]. A prefix meaning
large, long, or great.

macrobacteria (mak-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [macro-; bac-
terium]. Bacteria of very large size. Same as
megabacteria.

macrobiosis (mak-ro-bi-o'-sis) [macro-; /3tos, life].
Longevity.

macrobiotic (mak-ro-bi-ot'-ik) [macro-; /Sios, life].
Pertaining to long life; long-lived.

macroblast (mak'-ro-blast). See megaloblast.

macrobrachia (mak-ro-bra' -ke-ah) [macro-; fipaxluv,
arm]. Abnormal size of the arms.

macrocephalia, macrocephaly (mak-ro-sef-a'-le-ah,
mak-ro-sef'-al-e) [macro-; Ke<j>a\r), head]. Abnormal
largeness of the head.

macrocephalous (mak-ro-sef -al-us) [see macro-
cephalia]. Characterized by an abnormally large
head.

macrocephalus (mak-ro-sef -al-us) [macro-; /ce<paXi7,
the head]. A fetus with excessive development of
the head.

macrocephaly. See macrocephalia.

macrocheilia (mak-ro-ki'-le-ah) [macro-; x«^°s.
lip]. Excessive development of the lips, a charac-
teristic of certain negro tribes. It occurs also in
cretinoid states, when the lips and cheeks are the
seat of lymphangioma.

macrocheiria (mak-ro-ki'-re-ah) [macro-; x«p.
hand]. Great enlargement of the hands.

macrochemistry (mak-ro-kem'-is-tre) [macro- ; chem-
istry]. Chemistry in which the reactions are ob-
servable with the naked eye. Cf. microchemistry.

MACROCOCCUS

529

MAD

macrococcus (mak-ro-kok'-us) [macro-; kokkos,
a berry: pi., macrococci]. A term applied to cocci
that are larger than the average.

macrocolia (mak-ro-ko'-le-ah) [macro-; ku\ov, limb].
The possession of long limbs.

macrocolous (mak-rok' -o-lus) [macro-; kuKov, limb].
Having long limbs.

macrocoly (mak-ro-ko'-le) [macro-; k&Kov, colon].
Simple excessive length of the colon.

macrocomous (mak-ro-ko'-mus) [macro-; kohi), the
hair]. Having long hairs or filaments.

macrocornea (mak-ro-kor'-ne-ah) [macro-; cornea].
Keratoglobus.

macrocosm (mak'-ro-kozm) [macro-; Koo-fios, world].
The world or cosmos, in contradistinction to man,
the microcosm, or little universe.

macrocosmic (mak-ro-koz'-mik) [macro- ; Koo-fios,
world]. Pertaining to the macrocosm.

macrocyst (mak'-ro-sist) [macro-; wans, a cyst].
An abnormally large cyst.

macrocytase (mak-ro-si'-tase). An enzyme found
in leukocytes and capable of digesting cells and
other elements of animal origin.

macrocyte (mak'-ro-sit) [macro-; kvtos, cell]. I. A
giant red blood-corpuscle found in the blood in
certain anemias, especially pernicious anemia.
2. A large lymphocyte.

macrocythemia (mak-ro-si-the'-me-ah). The pres-
ence of macrocytes in the blood.

macrocytosis (mak-ro-si-to'-sis) [macro-; kvtos, cell].
The formation of macrocytes.

macrodactylia (mak-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [macro-; S&k-
tuXos, finger]. An abnormally great length, or size,
of fingers or toes.

macrodactylism imak-ro-dak'-til-izm). See macro-
dactylia.

macrodactyly (mak-ro-dak'-til-e). See macrodacty-
lia.

macrodontia (mak-ro-don'-she-ah) [macro-; 6Sovs,
tooth]. Abnormally large teeth.

macroesthesia (mak-ro-es-the'-ze-ah) [macro-; ata-
6t)<tis, sensation]. A disturbance of the tactile and
stereognostic sense in consequence of which objects
touched or handled appear much larger than they
really are.

macrogamete (mak-ro-gam'-et) [macro-; yap-erri,
a wife]. The mature female cell in propagative
reproduction in sporozoa.

macrogametocyte (mak-ro-gam-et'-o-sit). The en-
larged merozoite before maturation into the female
cell in propagative reproduction in sporozoa.

macrogamy (mak-rog'-am-e). Conjugation of two
adult protozoan cells.

macrogastria (mak-ro-gas'-tre-ah) [macro-; yaarrip,
belly]. Dilatation of the stomach.

macrogastrous (mak-ro-gas'-trus) [macro-; yao-T-qp,
stomach]. Having a large stomach or belly.

macrogenesis imak-ro-jen' -es-is) [macro-; ytwav,
to beget]. Excessive development of an organ or
part.

macroglossia (mak-ro-glos'-e-ah) [macro-; yXaiaaa,
tongue]. Enlargement of the tongue, a condition
seen in cretins, in whom it is probably due to lymph-
angioma.

macrognathic (mak-rog-nath'-ik) [macro-; yvaBos,
jaw]. Having long jaws; prognathous.

macromania (mak-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [ynacro-; navla,
madness]. A mania characterized by the delusion
that objects are larger than they really are; or that
one's own body or members are much larger than they
are.

macromastia (mak-ro-mas'-te-ah) [macro-; naaros,
breast]. Abnormal enlargement of the breast.
macromazia (mak-ro-ma'-ze-ah). See macromastia.
macromelia (mak-ro-me'-le-ah) [macro-; p.e\os, organ
or member]. The excessive development of any or-
gan or member.

macromelus {mak-rom' -el-us) [macro-; neXos, organ
or member], i. Same as macromelia, q. v. 2. One
having excessively large limbs.

macromere (mak'-ro-mer) [macro-; y.kpos, part].
A large blastomere.

macromerozoite (mak-ro-me-ro-zo'-it) [macro-; me-
rozoite]. AJarge merozoite.

macronosia (mak-ro-no'-ze-ah) [macro-; voaos, ill-
ness]. A protracted or chronic disease.

macronucleus (mak-ro-nu'-kle-us). A large nucleus.
macronychia (mak-ro-nik'-e-ah) [macro-; Sw£, nail].
Excessive size of the nails.

macropathology (mak-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [macro-; path-

ology]. Pathology which includes no microscopic
investigation.

macrophage (mak'-ro-fdj) [macro-; <j>ayelv, to
devour]. A large phagocyte.

macrophagocyte (mak-ro-fag'-o-slt) [macro-; (payeiv,
to devour; kvtos, a cell]. A large-sized phagocyte,
possessed of a single nucleus, and derived from some
fixed connective-tissue element.

macrophallus (mak-ro-fal'-us) [macro-; <£aXX6s,
penis]. A penis abnormally large or long.

macropharynx {mak-ro-far'-ingks) [macro- ; pharynx].
A large pharynx.

macro phonous (mak-roff'-o-nus) [macro-; <j>wvr),
sound]. Loud-voiced.

macrophotograph (mak-ro-fo'-to-graf) [macro-; pho-
tograph]. A large photograph, i. e., a macroscopic
photograph of an object, whether the object is small
or large.

macroplasia (mak-ro-pla'-ze-ah) [macro-; irXao-is,
a moulding]. Excessive development of portions of
the body.

macropodia (mak-ro-po'-de-ah) [macro-; ttovs, foot].
Excessive size of the feet.

macropomous (mak-rop'-o-mus) [macro-; irCoiia, a
lid]. Possessing a large operculum.

macroporous (mak-rop'-or-us) [macro-; iropos, a
passage]. Having large pores.

macroprosopus {mak-ro-pro-so'-pus) [macro-; vpo-
o-wiroi>, face]. A monster with abnormal develop-
ment of the face.

macropsia (mak-rop'-se-ah) . See megalopsia.
macrorrhinia (mak-ro-rin' -e-ah) [macro-; pis, nose].
Congenital hypertrophy of the nose.

macroscelia (mak-ro-se'-le-ah) [macro-; o-Kk\os, leg].
Excessive development of the legs.

macroscopic (mak-ro-skop'-ik) [macro-; o-KoireZv,
to see]. Large enough to be seen by the naked eye;
gross ; not microscopic.

macrosis (mak-ro'-sis) [naKpds, large]. A state of
increase in volume.

macrosmatic (mak-roz-mat'-ik) [macro-; 6<r naeadai,

to smell]. Having well-developed olfactory organs.

macrosomia, macrosomatia (mak-ro-so'-me-ah, mak-

ro-so-ma' -she-ah) [macro-; o-ibfia, body]. Excessive

size of the body.

macrospore {mak'-ro-spor) [macro-; awopa, seed].
In biology: (a) a spore of relatively large size; (b) one
of the larger anisospores arising in the reproduction
of colony -forming Radiolarians.

macrostomia (mak-ro-sto'-me-ah) [macro-; arona,
mouth]. Excessive size, or width, of the mouth, or
of the oral fissuie.

macro tia (mak-ro' 'she-ah) [macro-; ovs, the ear].
Excessive length of the ears.

macrotin (mak'-ro-tin) [macrotys, cimicifuga]. A
resin obtained by the precipitation of tincture of
cimicifuga with water.

macula (mak'-il-lah) [L.: pi., macules]. A macule.
maculae acusticae, the terminations of the auditory-
nerve in the saccule and utricle, m. arcuata, the ar-
cus senilis, maculae atrophicae cutis, linear atrophy of
the skin. in. corneae, a permanent corneal opacity
from an ulcer or keratitis, m. cribrosa, a name for
the perforations of the fossa hemisphaerica for the
passage of the filaments of the auditory nerve.
m. flava, the yellow spot of the retina, m. lutea,
the yellow spot of the retina. It is the point of
clearest vision, m. Solaris, a freckle, m. tendineae,
thin white patches of new fibrous tissue found on the
surface of the pericardium in some cases of peri-
carditis.

macular (mak'-u-lar) [macule]. Characterized by
or resembling macules.

maculate (mak'-u-lat). Spotted.
maculation {mdk-u-la' -shun) [macule]. The state
or quality of being spotted; the formation of ma-
cules.

macule (mak'-ul). A spot, especially one upon
the skin, not elevated above the surrounding level.
See also macula.

maculopapular (mak-u-lo-pap'-u-lar). Having the
characteristics of a macule and a papule.

MacWilliam's test for albumin [John Alexander
MacWilliam, English physician, 1857- ]• To 20
Cc. of the liquid add a drop or two of a saturated solu-
tion of salicyl-sulphonic acid; in the presence of albu-
min a cloudiness or precipitate will be formed. If
peptones or albumoses are present, this precipitate
disappears on boiling, but reappears on cooling.
mad. 1. Insane. 2. Affected with rabies; rabid.

MADAR

530

MAGNET

madar (mad'-ar). The plant Calotropis gigantea;
the bark and root are used as a dye.

madarosis (mad-ar-o'-sis) [y.a8a.puxns, a making
bald]. Loss of the eyelashes or eyebrows.

madarotic, madarous (mad-ar-ot'-ik, mad'-ar-us)
{na.8a.p6s, bald]. Affected with or relating to mada-
rosis.

madder (mad'-er). See rubia.

Maddox test, or Maddox glass-rod test (mad'-uks)
[Ernest Edmond Maddox, English ophthalmologist].
A test of heterophoria by means of a short cylinder
of transparent glass about one-eighth of an inch long,
fitted into a slot in an opaque disc to be set in the trial-
frame before one eye, with a colored piano lens
before the other eye. The rod converts the image
of a distant flame into a thin line of light. The rela-
tive position of the two images thus formed permits
the measure of imbalance of the muscles.

madefaction (mad-e-fak'-shun) [madefacere, to
moisten]. The act of moistening.

madeira (mad-a'-rah). A fine sherry wine from
the island of Madeira.

Madelung's deformity (mad'-el-oong) [Otto Wil-
helm Madelung, German surgeon, 1846- ]. Pro-
gressive subluxation of the wrist joint, caused by
relaxation of the ligaments or abnormality in the
radial epiphysis. M.'s neck, diffuse lipoma of the
neck. Syn., Madelung's fetthals.

madema (mad-e'-mah). See madarosis.

madescent (mad-es'-ent) [madescere, to become
wet]. Becoming moist.

madesis (mad-e'-sis). Synonym of madarosis.

madidans (mad'-id-anz) [L.]. Weeping, oozing.
See eczema madidans.

madisterion, madisterium (mad-is-ter'-e-on, mad-
is-ter'-e-um) [p.aU$eiv, to pluck bare]. Epilating-
forceps.

madness (mad'-nes) . See insanity and mania.

madreporic, madreporiform (mad-re-por'-ik, -e-
form) [Madrepora, a genus of corals]. Pierced with
minute openings.

madstone (mad'-ston). A small stone, believed
to have the power of absorbing poison from wounds.

Madura-foot (ma-doo'-rah-foot) [Madura, a district
in India]. A disease occurring chiefly in India, and
characterized by the formation, on the foot (some-
times on the hand), of a tender purplish swelling,
which in time suppurates, the pus being evacuated
through one or more sinuses. These sinuses dis-
charge a seropurulent liquid containing peculiar
bodies resembling gunpowder-grains or fish-roe.
The disease is chronic, but remains local, and is
believed to be due to an organism allied to the
Actinomyces fungus. Syn., mycetoma.

mageiric (maj-i'-rik) [p.aytLpuibs, fit for cookery].
Relating to dietetics or the culinary art.

Magendie's foramen (ma-zjon'-de) [Francois
Magendie, French physiologist, 1783-1855]. A
foramen of communication between the fourth ven-
tricle and the subarachnoid space at the tip of the
calamus scriptorius. M.'s law. See Bell's law.
M.'s solution, a solution of morphine sulphate, 16
grains to the ounce. M.'s spaces, imperfectly closed
lymph-spaces formed by the separation of the
arachnoid from the pia and corresponding to the
cerebral sulci.

magenta (ma-jen'-tah) [from Magenta, Italy]. A
coal-tar dye from which fuchsin and a large number
of other dyes are prepared.

magistery (maj-is'-ter-e) [magisterium, master-
piece]. Formerly, a preparation considered to have
especial virtue as a remedy, m. of bismuth, the
subnitrate of bismuth, m. of tin (M. Jovis), precipi-
tated stannous oxide.

magistral (maj'-is-tral) [magister, a master].
Applied to medicines prepared on prescription.

magma (mag'-mah) [p.6,-yp.a, mass]. Sediment;
dregs; any pulpy mass.

magnalium (jnag-na'-le-um). An alloy of mag-
nesium and aluminum; specific gravity 2 to 3, melting-
point 6oo° to 7000 C. It is similar in quality to brass
and bronze when the quantity of magnesium varies
from 5 % to 30 %.

Magnan's sign (man'-yan) [Valentin Magnan,
French neurologist, 1835- ]. A hallucination ot
general sensation which takes the form of the sen-
sation of a round foreign body beneath the skin;
it is noted in chronic cocainism.

magnesia (mag-ne' -ze-ah) [from Magnesia, a district
in Thessaly]. Magnesium oxide, MgO. m., black,

black oxide of manganese, m., calcined. See mag-
nesium carbonate, m., white, magnesium carbonate.
See also magnesium.

magnesic (mag-ne' -zik). Pertaining to or con-
taining magnesium.

magnesite (mag'-nez-U). Native magnesium
carbonate.

magnesium (mag-ne' -ze-um) [see magnesia]. Sym-
bol Mg; atomic weight 24.32; quantivalence II;
specific gravity 1.75. A bluish-white metal of the
group to which calcium and barium belong. It is
abundantly distributed throughout inorganic and
organic nature; its salts are used in the arts and in
medicine. The source of magnesium and its salts is
chiefly the minerals dolomite and Jcieserite. m.
acetate, Mg(C2H302)2 +441*20, cathartic. Dose
5-60 gr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). m. benzoate, Mg(C7H502)2:
used in gout. Dose 3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). m.
bisulphate, MgH2(SO.j)2; cathartic. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). m. borate, Mg(B02)2 . 2Mg(OH)2 +
7H2O; antiseptic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.).
m. borocitrate, a compound of citric acid, magnesium
carbonate, and borax; used in lithiasis, gout, etc.
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). m. bromide, MgBr2 +
6H2O; sedative. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.).
m. carbonate (magnesii carbonas, U. S. P.), (MgCOa)4.
Mg(OH)2+5H^O; exists in two forms — as light
(magnesii carbonas levis) and as heavy magnesium
carbonate (magnesii carbonas ponderosa). It is
antacid, laxative, and antilithic. Dose 30-60 gr.
(2-4 Gm.). m. carbonate, solution of (liquor mag-
nesia, carbonatis, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc).
m. chloride, MgCl2+6H20; aperient and cathartic.
Dose 240-465 gr. (16-30 Gm.). m. citrate, effer-
vescent, is cathartic. Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc).
m. citrate, solution of (liquor magnesii citratis, U. S.
P.). Dose 4-8 oz. (128-256 Cc). m. copaivate,
antiseptic, diuretic, laxative, and stimulant. Dose
10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). m. creosotate. See
creasote-magnesia. m. dioxide, Mg02, used in
anemia. Syn., biogen. m. ergotate, used in amenor-
rhea and epilepsy. Dose f-i gr. (0.04-0.065 Gm.).
m. fluoride, MgF2, an antiseptic, m. hydrate, m.
hydroxide, Mg(OH)2. It is antacid, antilithic, and
cathartic. Dose 60-120 gr. (4-8 Gm.). m. hypo-
phosphite, Mg(H2P02)2 +6H2O, a nerve-stimulant.
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). m. ichthyolate, a
combination of freshly calcined magnesia, 100 parts;
ichthyol, 775 parts. Mixed with talc it is used
as an antiseptic dusting-powder, m. iodide, Mgl2,
alterative and sialagogue. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65
Gm.). m. lactate, Mg(C3H503)2+3H20; a laxative.
Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.). m. oxide (magnesii
oxidum, U. S. P.), MgO, is obtained by calcining
magnesium carbonate, and exists in two forms —
as light magnesia and as heavy magnesia (magnesii
oxidum ponder osum, U. S. P.). It is used as an1 ant-
acid and laxative, as a dusting-powder, and as an
antidote to arsenic. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.).
m. oxide, ferric hydroxide with (ferri hydroxidum
cum magnesii oxido, U. S. P.). Dose as arsenical
antidote 4 oz. (120 Cc). m. oxide, heavy. See
under m. oxide, m. phenolsulphonate, an antiseptic
purgative. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). m. salicy-
late, Mg(C7H503)2+H20, an intestinal antiseptic
and antirheumatic. Dose 15-120 gr. (1-8 Gm.).
m. sclerotinate. See m. ergotate. m. silicate,
Mg2Sis08+2H20, absorbent, astringent, and anti-
septic Dose 60-150 gr. (4-10 Gm.). m. sozoiodo-
late, (C6H2l2(OH)S03)2Mg+8H20, an antiseptic.
m. sulphate (magnesii sulphas, U. S. P.), MgS04 +
7H2O, Epsom salt, is an active cathartic, especially
useful in inflammatory affections. Dose 1 dr.-i oz.
(4-32 Gm.). m. sulphate, effervescent (magnesii
sulphas effervescens, U. S. P.), cathartic. Dose
2 dr.-i oz. (8-32 Gm.). m. sulphophenate. See
m. phenolsulphonate. m. tartrate, MgdPUOe, is
cathartic and used in diseases of the spleen with
neuralgic symptoms. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.).

magnet (mag' -net) [Mdyvnaaa, stone of Magnesia,
in Thessaly, where lodestone was fust found]. 1.
Lodestone, a magnetic iron oxide. 2. A body having
the power to attract iron bodies, m., electro-.
See electromagnet, m., giant, m., Haab, a large
powerful stationary magnet for extracting particles
of steel from the eye. m., horseshoe, an iron magnet
having the shape of a horse-shoe. m. operation,
the operation of removing foreign bodies of steel
from the eye by means of a magnet, m., permanent,
one the magnetic properties of which are permanent,

MAGNETIC

531

MALAR

in contradistinction to a temporary magnet, m.,
temporary, one which derives its magnetism from
another magnet or from a galvanic current.

magnetic (mag-net' -ik) [magnet]. Pertaining or
belonging to a magnet. Possessing the property of
magnetism.

magnetism (mag'-net-izm) [magnet]. The power
possessed by a magnet to attract or repel other
masses, m., animal, hypnotism.

magnetization (mag-net-iz-a'-shun) [magnet]. The
process of rendering a substance magnetic.

magnetoelectricity (mag-net-o-e-lek-tris'-it-e) [mag-
net; electricity]. Electricity produced by means of a
magnet.

magnetograph (mag-net' -o-graf) [magnet; ypcupeiv,
to write]. An instrument for determining the in-
tensity of magnetic action.

magnetoinduction (mag-net-o-in-duk' -shun) [mag-
net; inductio, induction]. The production of an
induced current by the insertion of a magnet within a
coil of wire.

magnetometer (mag-net-om'-et-r) [magnet; nerpov,
a measure]. A series of magnets suspended so as to
record graphically variations in direction and in-
tensity of magnetic force.

magneto-optic (mag-net-o-op'-tik). Relating to
magnetism and light.

magnetotherapy (mag-net-o-ther'-ap-e) [magnet;
depaireia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by
magnets.

magniductor (mag-ne-duk' -tor) [magnus, great;
ductor, a leader]. The adductor magnus of the thigh.

magnification (mag-nif-ik-a'-shun) [magnus, large;
facere, to make]. Enlargement, especially the en-
largement of the image of an object by means of
lenses.

magnifying (mag'-nif-i-ing) [see magnification].
Enlarging; making greater, m. power, the power
of a lens to increase the diameters of the image of an
object.

magnum, m., os. See bones, table of.

mahamari (mah-hah-mah'-re) [E. Ind.]. Synonym
of the plague, q. v.

Maher's disease (mah'-er). Paracolpitis.

Mahler's sign (mah'-ler) [Richard A. Mahler,
German obstetrician]. A gradual increase of pulse-
rate in the puerperium, without rise of temperature,
is characteristic of venous thrombosis.

maidalakri (mi-dal-ak'-re). The bark of Litsea
salicifolia, used in the East Indies in diarrhea.

maidenhead, i. Virginity. 2. The hymen.

maidismus (ma-id-iz'-mus) [mays, maidis, maize].
Maize-poisoning, or pellagra.

Maier's sinus (mi'-er) [Rudolf Maier, German
physician, 1824-1888]. A small, infundibular de-
pression in the wall of the lacrimal sac near the
opening of the lacrimal ducts.

maieusiomania (ma-u-se-o-ma'-ne-ah) [/daUvais, de-
livery; fiavla, madness]. Puerperal insanity.

maieusiophobia (ma-u-se-o-fo'-be-ah) [nalevais,
childbirth; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread of child-
birth.

maieutics (ma-u'-tiks) [naieurrjs, an obstetrician;
naLevriKT), obstetrics]. Midwifery; obstetrics.

maim (mam) [OF., mehaigner, to maim]. To
cripple by injury or removal of a limb.

main-en-griff e (mang-on(g)-gref). See claw-hand.
m. succulente, edema of the hands.

maintenance (man' -ten-ans) [manus, hand; tenere,
to hold]. The relationship which exists between
increment and excrement, after a body has reached
maturity.

Maisonneuve's bandage (ma-zon-nerv') [Jacques
Gilles Thomas Maissonneuve, French surgeon, 1809-
1897]- A variety of plaster-of-Paris bandage formed
from cloths folded, these being supported by other
bandages.

Maissiat's band (ma-ze-ah') [Jacques Maissiat,
French anatomist, 1805-1878]. The iliotibial liga-
ment, a fibrous band in the fascia lata that extends
from near the anterior superior spine of the ilium
to the outer tuberosity of the tibia.

maize (maz) [W. Ind., mahiz]. Indian corn. See
zea mays.

maizole (ma'-zol). Trade name of an emulsion of
cod oil, suggested as a substitute for cod-liver oil.

maizolithium (ma-zo-lith' -e-um) . A diuretic and
sedative said to consist of a combination of maizenic
acid from cornsilk and lithium. Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Cc).

make (mak) [AS., macian, to make]. In elec-
tricity— (1) to establish the flow of an electric current;
(2) the establishing of the flow of an electric current.

makro- (mak'-ro-). See macro-.

mal [Fr., from malum, evil; disease]. Disease.
m. de caderas, a disease of horses, mules, and swine
in South America, characterized by fever, emaciation,
and general paresis which first appears in the hind
legs. m. de coit. See dourine. m. de mer, sea-
sickness, m. des bassines, a dermatitis affecting
those engaged in winding silkworm cocoons, due to a
toxic substance in the urinary product of the silk-
worm moths, m., grand. See grand mal. m.
perforant, perforating ulcer of the foot; a trophic
lesion of tabes, m., petit. See petit mal. m. del
pinto or de los pintos, Mexican contagious psoriasis.

mal- [malus, bad]. A prefix meaning bad.

mala (ma'-lah) [L.]. The cheek-bone or the
cheek.

Malabar itch (mal'-ab-ar). A cutaneous disease
of the Malabar coast. M. leprosy of. Synonym of
elephantiasis Arabum. M. nut. See adhatoda vasica.
M. ulcer. See phagedena tropica.

Malacarne's pyramid (mal-ak-ar'-na) [Michele
Vincenzo Giacintos Malacarne, Italian surgeon,
1744-1816]. A crucial projection formed by the
union of the vermis inferior of the cerebellum, at the
junction of its posterior and middle thirds, with two
transverse prolongations which pass into the corre-
sponding hemispheres. M.'s space. See Tarinus'
fossa.

malachite-green (mal'-ak-it). A salt of tetraethyl-
diparaamido-triphenyl-carbinol. It is used as a
stain and as a means of differentiating the colon
bacillus from the typhoid bacillus; it has also been
used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis.

malacia (mal-a'-se-ah) [fiaXada, a softening]. 1. A
morbid softening of tissue. 2. A depraved appetite.
m. cordis, a softening of the heart muscle, m.,
vascular, a form marked by excessive new formation
of vessels.

malacocataracta (mal-ak-o-kat-ar-ak'-tah) [ptaXaicos,
soft; KarapaxTris, cataract]. A soft cataract.

malacogaster (mal-ak-o-gas'-ter) [p-aXa/da, a soften-
ing; yaffTTjp, stomach]. Softening of the gastric
walls. A synonym of gastromalacia.

malacoma (mal-ak-o'-mah) [/xaXaicos, soft; pi.,
malacomata]. The softening of any organ or part
of the body.

malacopeous, malacopoeous (mal-ah-ko'-pe-us)
[tiahaKoiroielv, to make soft]. Softening; enervating;
emollient.

malacophonous (mal-ak-off'-o-nus) [paXaKos, soft;
<j>wvi), voice]. Soft-voiced.

malacosarcosis (mal-ak-o-sar-ko'-sis) [paXa/cbs, soft;
aap£, flesh]. Softness of tissues, as of muscle.

malacosis (mal-ak-o'-sis) [paXaKos, soft]. The
condition distinguished by the abnormal softening
of the tissues of any part of the body. Also, the
process of malacoma. m. cordis. See myomalacia.

malacosomous (mal-ak-o-so'-mus) [paXaicos, soft;
<rG>na, body]. Soft-bodied.

malacosteon, malacosteosis (mal-ah-kos'-te-on, mal-
ah-kos' -te-o-sis) . See osteomalacia.

malacotomy (mal-ah-kot'-o-me) [fj.aXa.1c6s, soft; 7-0/117,
a cutting]. Incision of the abdomen; celiotomy.

malacozoon (mal-ak-o-zo'-on) [paXaicds, soft; $c$ov,
animal]. A soft animal; a mollusc.

malactic (mal-ak'-tik) [paXaubs, soft]. Emollient;
softening.

malady (mal'-ad-e) [malum, evil]. Disease.

malagma (mal-ag'-mah) [naXayna, a poultice: pi.,
malagmata], A poultice, q. v.

malaise (mal-az') [Fr.]. A general feeling of ill-
ness, accompanied by restlessness and discomfort.

malakin (mal'-ak-in). A synthetic product allied
to acetphenetidin and recommended as an antirheu-
matic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic. Dose 60-90
gr. (4-6 Gm.) daily.

malanders (mal-and'-urz). See malandria.

malandria (mal-an'-dre-ah). 1. An affection related
to leprosy or elephantiasis. 2. Malanders or malen-
ders, a disease of the horse characterized by a fur-
furaceous eruption at the bend of the knee and on
the inside of the hock. It is called malenders when
affecting the foreleg and salenders when affecting the
hind leg.

malar (ma'-lar) [mala, cheek]. Pertaining to the
malar bones, m. arch, the zygoma, m. bones, the
two cheek bones, m. point. See point.

MALARIA

532

MALOMAXILLARY

malaria (mal-a'-re-ah) . See malarial fever.

malarial (mal-a'-re-al) [malaria, bad air]. Per-
taining to malaria, m. cachexia, a chronic form of
malaria characterized by anemia, general failuie of
health, a sallow complexion, and enlargement of the
spleen, m. fever, a disease associated with the pres-
ence in the blood of a protozoan parasite, the Plas-
modium vivax, the Plasmodium malaria, and the
Plasmodium prcecox; it is characterized by peri-
odicity, enlargement of the spleen, and the presence
in the blood, free or within the red corpuscles,
of parasites (plasmodia) that exert a deleterious
influence upon the red cells. The paroxysms
may be intermittent, remittent, or irregular. If
repeated daily, the fever is designated quotidian; if
on alternate days, tertian; if with an interval of two
days, quartan. If two paroxysms occur daily, the
fever is designated a double quotidian. There may
be a tertian form, a paroxysm occurring daily, but
only those of alternate days being alike; a double
quartan form, and others. A typical malarial par-
oxysm consists of a cold stage, a hot stage, and a
sweating stage, occurring in the sequence given.
Intermittent fever is characterized by the occurrence
of a complete intermission of the symptoms in the
interval between two paroxysms, the temperature
becoming normal or subnormal. In remittent fever
there is only an amelioration of the symptoms in the
intervals. In certain localities in which the malarial
organisms are exceedingly numerous or intensely
virulent the attack displays a pernicious tendency.
Of this type there may be a cerebral form, charac-
terized either by delirium and excitement or by
coma and depression; a thoracic form, in which the
respiration is acceleiated and there is an urgent sense
of the need of air; a gastrointestinal form, attended
with nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; or an
asthenic or algid form, in which there is a condition
of marked debility with a striking coldness of the
surface and of the breath. To the h regular mani-
festations of malarial poisoning, which do not at
any time present the classic association of chill,
fever, and sweat, the designation of "dumb ague"
is given. The enlargement of the spleen in chronic
malaria is sometimes designated "ague-cake." Syn.,
marsh-fever, m. hematuria, the presence of blood
in the urine as a result of malarial poisoning, m.
neuralgia, neuralgia due to malarial intoxication.

malarilabialis (mal-a-re-la-be-a'-lis). See zygo-
maticus major under muscle.

malarin (maV -ar-in) . See acetophenonephenetidin.

malarious (mal-a'-re-us). See malarial.

Malassez' disease {mal-as-a') [Louis Charles
Malassez, French physiologist, 1842-1910]. Cystic
disease of the testis.

malassimilation (mal-as-im-il-a'-shun) [mal-; as-
similation]. Defective assimilation.

malate (mal' -at). A salt of malic acid.

malaxation (mal-aks-a'-shun) [naXiuraeiv, to soften].

1. The act of kneading. 2. A form of massage.
malcious (mal'-shus) [ixclKklos, freezing]. Benumb-
ing; causing to freeze; becoming congealed.

male (mal'-e) [paXr)]. The axilla.
male (mal) [masculus, a male]. 1. Pertaining to
the male sex, or that which impregnates the female.

2. A member of the male sex. 3. Of a double-
bladed instrument, the blade which is received into
a hollow of the other (female) blade, m.-fern. See
Aspidium. m. organ, the penis.

maleic (mal-e'-ik). Relating to or derived from
malic acid.

malemission (mal-e-mish'-un) [mal-; e, out;
mittere, to send]. Failure of the semen to be ejected
from the penis during coitus.

malen (ma'-len) [mala, cheek]. Belonging to the
malar bone in itself.

Malerba's test for acetone (mahl-er'-bah) [Pasquale
Malerba, Italian physician]. Add to the acetone a
solution of dimethylparaphenylendiamine; a red
coloration results.

malformation (mal-for-ma'-shun) [mal-; formatio,
a forming]. An abnormal development or formation
of a part of the body.

Malgaigne's hernia (mahl-gan') [Joseph Francois
Malgaigne, French surgeon, 1806-1865]. Hernia of
infancy ; descent of the intestine into the open vaginal
process of the peritoneum. M.'s hooks, two pairs of
hooks connected by a screw for approximating the
fragments of a fractured patella. M.'s triangle, the
superior carotid triangle.

malgenic (mal-jen'-ik) [malum, evil; yewav, to
beget]. Producing disease.

maliasmus (mal-e-az'-mus). Synonym of glanders.

malic acid (ma'-lik). See acid, malic.

maliform (maV -e-form) [malum, an apple; forma,
form]. Shaped like an apple.

malign (mal-in'). See malignant.

malignancy (mal-ig'-nan-se) [see malignant]. The
quality of being malignant.

malignant (mal-ig'-nant) [mal-; gignere, to begetj.
Virulent, compromising or threatening life. m.
cholera, Asiatic cholera, m. edema. See edema,
malignant, m. fever, typhus fever, m. pustule,
anthrax, m. tumor, a tumor that destroys life.
Malignant tumors recur and give rise to metastasis.
m. vesicle, anthrax.

malignin (ma-lig'-nin). A hypothetical ferment
credited with being the cause of the malignancy of
cancer.

malimali (mah'-le-mah'-le). A convulsive tic
prevalent in the Philippines.

malingerer (mal-in' -jer-er) [Fr. malingre, sickly,
from malus, bad; cBger, ill; sick]. One who feigns
illness or defect.

malingering, malingery (mal-in' -jer-ing, mal-in'-
jer-e) [see malingerer]. The feigning of disease.

malis (ma' -lis). A name vaguely applied to
various diseases, generally of the skin, and especially
to such as are due to vermin, or to parasitic worms
that burrow in the skin.

malleable (mal'-e-a-bl) [malleus, hammer]. Cap-
able of being beaten or rolled into thin sheets.

malleability (mal-e-ab-iV -it-e) [malleus, hammer].
The quality of being malleable.

malleal, mallear (mal'-e-al, -ar) [malleus]. Re-
lating to the malleus.

malleation (mal-e-a'-shun) [malleus], A spasmodic
action of the hands, consisting in continuously striking
any near object.

malleiform (mal'-e-if-orm) [malleus; forma, form].
Hammer-shaped.

mallein (mal'-e-in) [malleus, farcy]. A fluid
obtained from cultures of Bacillus mallei, the micro-
organism of glanders. When injected into the
circulation of a glanderous animal, it causes an ele-
vation of temperature, and has been recommended
for use in the early diagnosis of farcy or glanders.

malleinization (mal-e-in-i-za'-shun). Inoculation
with mallein.

mallenders (mal'-en-derz). A kind of eczema or
scab above the fore-foot and about the knee of the
horse; and see malandria.

malleoincudal (mal-e-o-ing'-ku-dal) [malleus; incus,
anvil]. Relating to the malleus and the incus.

malleolar (mal'-e-o-lar) [malleolus]. Relating to a
malleolus.

malleolus (mal-e'-o-lus) [dim. of malleus; pi.,
malleoli]. A part or process of bone having a ham-
mer-head shape, m., external, the lower extremity
of the fibula, m., internal, a process on the internal
surface of the lower extremity of the tibia, m.
lateralis. Same as m. external, m. medialis. Same
as m. internal, m. radialis, the styloid process of the
radius, m. ulnaris, the styloid process of the ulna.

malleotomy (mal-e-ot'-o-me) [malleus, or malleolus;
tout), incision]. 1. Incision or division of the malleus.
2. Division of the ligaments attached to the malleoli.

mallet finger (mal'-et). See finger, m. toe, a
deformity of a toe characterized by deficient ex-
tension or undue flexion of the terminal phalanx;
hammer-toe.

malleus (mal'-e-us) [L., "hammer"]. 1. One of
the ossicles of the internal ear having the shape of a
hammer. 2. Glanders.

mallotoxin (mal-o-toks'-in). See rottlerin.

Mallotus (mal-o'-tus) [naWos, wool]. A genus
of euphorbiaceous trees and shrubs. M. philippi-
nensis, a species of India, yields the dyestuff kamila.
The leaves and fruit are used in the treatment of
snake-bites; the root, in contusions.

mallow (mal'-o). See malva. m., marsh-. See
althcea.

malnutrition (mal-nu-trish'-un) [mal-; nutrition].
Imperfect nutrition or sustenance.

malocclusion (mal-ok-loo'-shun) [mal-; occluder e,
to shut up]. The occlusion of the teeth in positions
not conformable to anatomical rule.

malomaxillary (ma-lo-maks'-il-a-re) [mala, cheek;
maxilla]. Relating to the cheek or malar bone and
the maxilla.

MALONYL

533

MANCINISM

malonyl (mal'-on-il), CH2<£q. The bivalent

radical of malonic acid. m. urea, barbituric acid.

maloplasty (mal'-o-plas-te) [mala, cheek; irXaa-aeiv,
to form]. Plastic surgery of the cheek.

Malpighian body (mal-pe'-ge-an) [Marcello Mal-
pighi, Italian anatomist, 1628-1694]. The com-
mencement of a uriniferous tubule, consisting of the
glomerule of vessels (the Malpighian tuft) and the
membranous envelope (Bowman's capsule). M.
capsule. See Bowman's capsule. M. cells, M. vesi-
cles, the pulmonary alveoli. M. corpuscle, any one
of the minute whitish nodules of lymphadenoid tissue
in the red substance of the spleen along the course of
the blood-vessels. M. pyramids, conical masses,
eight to ten in number, in the medullary portion of
the kidney, having their apices directed toward the
pelvis and their bases toward the cortex. M. rete
mirabile, the network formed by the ultimate rami-
fications of the pulmonary artery. M. stigmata,
the orifices of the capillary veins that join the branches
of the splenic vein at right angles. M. stratum, the
rete mucosum of the epidermis. M. tuft, a glomerule
of the kidney.

malposition (mal-po-zish'-un) [mal-; position]. An
abnormal position of any part or organ, especially
of the fetus.

malpractice (mal-prak'-tis) [mal-; practice]. Im-
proper treatment through carelessness, or ignorance,
or intentionally; treatment of a disease by a method
contrary to that taught by experience; also, the un-
lawful production of an abortion.

malpraxis (mal-prax'-is). Same as malpractice.

malpresentation (mal-pre-sen-ta' -shun) [mal-; pre-
sentation]. In obstetrics, such a position of the
child at birth that delivery is difficult or impossible.

malt, maltum (mawlt, mawl'-tum) [AS., mealt].
Grain which has been soaked, made to germinate, and
dried. The maltum of the U. S. P. is the grain of
common barley, Hordeum distichon, made to germi-
nate by warmth and moisture, and then baked so as
to arrest the germinating process. The germinated
grains contain diastase, dextrin, and maltose, as
well as proteids. Malt is used as a nutrient in wast-
ing diseases, m. extract (extractum malti, U. S. P.).
Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). m. fluidextract of. Dose
|-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). m.-liquors, infusions of malt
fermented so as to contain alcohol. Those in com-
mon use are beer, ale, and porter. Beer is made by a
comparatively slow fermentation, and contains about
2.5 % of alcohol. Ale and porter are fermented more
rapidly, and contain about 4.7 % of alcohol. The
malt used in making porter is browned, giving the
liquor a darker color, m.-sugar, maltose.

Malta fever. See fever, Mediterranean.

maltase (mawl-tds'). An enzyme found in the
saliva and pancreatic juice which converts maltose
into dextrose.

Malthus, doctrine of (mal'-thus) [Thomas Robert
Malthus, English political economist, 1 766-1 834].
The doctrine that the increase of population is pro-
portionately greater than the increase of subsistence.
Syn., Malthusianism.

maltine (mawl'-ten) [malt]. A name given to
various proprietary preparations of malted wheat or
barley, useful as food for invalids.

maltobiose (mawl-to-bi'-os) . Maltose.

maltodextrin (mawl-to-deks'-trin). A form of
dextrin convertible into malt.

maltol (mawl'-tol), CeHeOs. A constituent of
malt caramel, an odorless substance soluble in hot
water.

maltopepsine (mawl-to-pep'-sin). Trade name of
a preparation containing malt and pepsin.

maltosazone (mawl-to' -saz-on) . An osazone formed
from maltose.

maltose (mawl'-tos) [malt], C12H22O11+H2O. A
variety of sugar formed, together with dextrin, by
the action of malt diastase upon starch.

maltosuria (mawl-ids-u'-re-ah) [maltose; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of maltose in the urine.

maltova (mawl-to'-vah). A concentrated food said
to be a combination of the proteids of egg.

maltoyerbin (mawl-to-yer'-bin). An expectorant
said to consist of malt and yerba santa.

malturned (mal-turnd') . Term applied to a tooth
so turned on its central axis as to stand in malposi-
tion.

maltzyme (mawlt'-zim). A concentrated diastasic
extract of malt; indicated in starchy indigestion.

Dose 1-2 tablespoonfuls (15-30 Cc.) during or after
meals.

malum (ma'-lum) [malum, evil]. Disease, m.
JEgyptiacum, diphtheria, m. articulorum. Synonym
of rheumatism and of gout. m. articulorum senilis.
Synonym of arthritis deformans, m. caducum, the
falling sickness, or epilepsy, m. Cotunnii, sciatica.
m. coxae. Synonym of hip disease, m. perforans
pedis, perforating ulcer of the foot. m. pilare,
trichinosis, m. primarium, a primary or idiopathic
disease, m. Rustii, a form of cervical Pott's disease
described by Rust. m. arteriarum senilis, senile
endarteritis deformans, m. venereum. Synonym
of syphilis.

malunion (mal-u'-nyon). Incomplete union or
union in a faulty position of the fragments of a
fractured bone.

Malva (mal'-vah) [L., "mallow"]. The mallow;
a genus of malvaceous plants. The leaves of M.
alcea, M. rotundifolia, and M. sylvestris are used as
demulcents.

Maly's test for hydrochloric acid in stomach-
contents (mah'-le) [Richard Leo Maly, Austrian
chemist, 1839-1864]. Place the filtered contents
of the stomach'in a glass dish, and add ultramarine
sufficient to make it blue. Suspend a piece of lead-
paper in the upper part of the dish, and cover with a
watch-glass. Warm this on the water-bath for 15
minutes, and in the presence of HC1 the blue color
will change to brown and the lead-paper will become
dark, owing to the development of H2S.

mamanpian (mah-mahn-pe-ahn') [Fr.]. The promi-
nent ulcer of frambesia.

mamelon (mam'-el-on). A nipple; boss; hemi-
spherical projection.

mamelonated (mam'-el-on-a-ted). Having nipple-
like elevations.

mamma (mam' -ah) [L.: pi., mamma]. The breast;
the milk-secreting gland of the mother, m. aberrans,
supernumerary breast, m. erratica, supernumerary
breast, m. yirilis, the male breast.

mammalgia (mam-al'-je-ah) [mamma; akyos, pain].
Pain in the mamma.

Mammalia (mam-a'-le-ah) [mamma]. A division
of the class of vertebrates including all animals that
suckle their young.

mammary (mam'-a-re) [mamma]. Pertaining to
the mammae, m. artery. See under artery, m.
gland. See gland, mammary. m. line, the vertical
line passing through the nipple.

mammate (mam' -at) [mamma, breast]. Having
mammae or breasts.

mammiform (mam'-if-orm) [mamma, breast; forma,
shape]. Breast-shaped; shaped like a cone whose
apex is rounded.

mammilla (mam-il'-ah) [dim. of mamma], A small
prominence or papilla, m. of breast, the nipple or
teat.

mammillaplasty (mam-iV -ap-las-te) [mammilla ;
■xKaaaeiv, to mold]. A plastic operation for the pur-
pose of elevating a depressed nipple.

mammillary (mam'-il-a-re) [mammilla]. Nipple-
shaped; pertaining to a nipple.

mammillated (mam' -il-at-ed) . Covered upon the
surface with nipple-like protuberances.

mammillation (mam-il-a' -shun) [mammilla], A
granulation, especially on some mucous surface.

mammilliplasty (mam-iV -ip-las-te) [mammilla, nip-
ple; irX<We»>, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the
nipple.

mammilloid (mam'-il-oid) [mammilla, nipple;
eldos, like]. -Nipple-shaped.

mammillose (mam'-il-os). Having many nipples
or nipple-shaped processes.

mammin (mam'-in) [mamma, breast]. A prepara-
tion of mammary glands.

mammitis (mam-i'-tis). See mastitis.

mammose (mam'-os) [mamma]. Having full or
abnormally large breasts.

mammotomy (mam-ot'-o-me). See mastotomy.

mamos (mam'-os). Trade name applied to a
preparation of mammary gland substance.

manaca (man'-ak-ah) [Braz., manacan]. The root
of Franciscea or Brunfelsia uniflora, known in Brazil
as "vegetable mercury." It is used as an antisyphil-
itic, diuretic and cathartic.

manchineel (man-chin- el'). See Hippomane man-
cinella.

mancinism (man'-sin-izm) [mancus, imperfect,
maimed]. Left-handedness.

MENDEL'S TEST FOR PROTEINS 534

MANNKOPFF'S SIGN

Mandel's test for proteins {man' -del) [John A.
Mandel, American chemist]. Add to the proteid
solution a 5 % solution of chromium trioxide and a
precipitate will be formed.

Mandelbaum's reaction (man'-del-bowm) [M.
Mandelbaum, German physician]. The thread-
reaction.

mandible, mandibula (man'-dib-l, man-dib' -u-lah)
[mandere, to chew]. The inferior maxillary bone.

mandibular (man-dib' -u-lar) [mandible]. Pertain-
ing to the mandible, or lower jaw.

mandioca (man-de-o'-kah) . See manioc.

mandragora (man-drag-o'-rah) \jiav8paybpas, the
mandrake]. The mandrake. A genus of solanaceous
plants. M. officinalis has been used as a narcotic
and hypnotic. It and other species contain an
alkaloid, mandragorine, Q7H23NO3, resembling atro-
pine in action.

mandrake (man'-drak). See mandragora and
podophyllum.

mandrel, mandrin (man'-drel, man'-drin) [Ger.].
The firm guide or stylet (usually of metal) that gives
rigidity to a flexible catheter while it is being inserted.

manducation (man-du-ka' -shun) [manducatio, a
chewing]. The chewing or mastication of food.

manducatory (man-du'-kat-or-e) [manducare, to
chew]. Pertaining to manducation.

manganese, manganum (man'-gan-ez, man'-gan-
um) [an altered form of magnesium]. Symbol Mn;
atomic weight 54-93; quantivalence II, IV, VI.
A brittle, hard, grayish-white metal, having a specific
gravity of 7.2, and resembling iron in properties. It
forms several oxides, the highest of which, MmCh,
forms an acid, HMnOi, from which salts, the per-
manganates, are produced, m. albuminate, used in
chlorosis and anemia, m. arsenate, MnHAs04,
alterative and tonic. Dose aV-f gr. (0.002-0.013
Gm.). m. carbonate, MnC03, used as a tonic in
anemia and chlorosis. Dose 8-40 gr. (0.52-2.6
Gm.). m. citrate, MnHCeHsO, used as a tonic and
astringent instead of iron citrate. Dose 1-3 gr.
(0.065-0.2 Gm.). m. dioxide, precipitated (mangani
dioxidum prcecipitatum, U. S. P.), MnO"2, black
oxide of manganese, is tonic and alterative, and has
been used in syphilis, chlorosis, in various skin
diseases, and in certain forms of dyspepsia. Dose
3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). It is employed in the
arts, and in laboratories for the purpose of obtaining
chlorine and oxygen, m. glycerophosphate, MnP04-
C3H5(OH)2+H20, used in neurasthenia. Dose 2 gr.
(0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily, m. hypophosphite (man-
gani hypophosphis, U. S. P.), Mn(H2P02)2+H20.
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). m. lactate, Mn-
(C3H5O3) +3H2O, tonic. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32
Gm.). m. oleate, Mn(Ci8H3302)2, used in chlorosis
and anemia, m. oxalate, MnC204+2H20, a desic-
cant. m. peptonate, is used as a tonic in anemia and
chlorosis. Dose 20-60 gr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). m. sac-
charate, used as a tonic in anemia, m. salicylate,
Mn(CvH503)2, tonic, alterative, and antirheumatic.
Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). m. sulphate (man-
gani sulphas, U. S. P.), MnS04+4H20, has been
used as a substitute for iron in anemia, and as a
cholagogue. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). m.
sulphite, MnS03, tonic, cholagogue, and antiseptic.
Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). m. sulphocarbolate,
Mn(C6H5S04)2+7H20, tonic and antiseptic. Dose
3-15 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.).

manganicopotassic (man-gan-ik-o-po-tas'-ik). Con-
taining manganese as a bivalent radical and potas-
sium.

manganization (man-gan-iz-a' -shun) [p.6.yyavov, phil-
ter]. Adulteration of drugs.

mangasol (man'-gas-ol). Magnesium chlorphenol-
sulphonate, used as an antiseptic powder. Dose,
10-20 gr. (0.6-1.2 gm.).

mange (manj) [Fr., manger, to eat], A parasitic
skin disease of horses, cattle, and dogs, resembling
scabies, and due to various species of acarus.

mango (man'-go) [PI., manga, mango]. The fruit
of Mangifera indica; the seeds are said to be anthel-
mintic; and the bark is said to be astringent and
tonic to the mucous membranes.

mangosteen (man' -go-sten) [Pg., manga, mango],
C10H22O5. A crystalline, bitter principle found in the
pericarp of Garcinia mangostana.

mania (ma'-ne-ah) [pavla, madness]. A form of
insanity marked by great mental and emotional
excitement, by hallucinations, delusions, physical
excitement, and often a tendency to violence, m.,

alcoholic, acute mania of alcoholic origin. It differs
from delirium tremens, although the term is some-
times used synonymously with it. m. a potu. See
delirium tremens, m., Bell's, an acute delirium
running a rapidly fatal course, with slight fever, and
in which postmortem no lesions are found sufficient
to account for the symptoms. There are the wild-
est hallucinations, insomnia, and intense excitement,
followed by a condition called typhomania, with
elevation of temperature, dry tongue, and rapid,
feeble pulse, m., dancing, an epidemic of choreic
or convulsive movements, m., epileptic, a maniacal
outburst in an epileptic, often associated with a
destructive tendency, m., paroxysmal, a par-
oxysmal neurosis in which the attacks take the form
of transitory mania, m., puerperal, a form of mania
or abnormal mental action sometimes following
childbirth, m., religious, mania in which the central
idea is religious in character, or in which a powerful
religious emotion has been the exciting cause, m.,
transitory, frenzied attacks of short duration.

maniac (ma'-ne-ak) [mania]. An insane person;
one affected with mania.

manic (man'-ik). Pertaining to mania, m. de-
pressive insanity, cyclothymia; see insanity, circular.

manicure (man'-ik-ur) [manus, the hand; curar
care]. 1. The processes employed in caring for and
beautifying the hand. 2. One who professionally
attends to the care of the hands and nails.

manigraph (man'-ig-raf) [pavia, mania; ypaiptiv,
to write]. An alienist; one who is an expert in
insanity.

manigraphy (man-ig'-ra-fe) [navla, madness; ypa<pij,
writing]. A treatise on, or the science of, insanity.

Manihot (man'-e-hot) [L.]. A genus of euphorbi-
aceous plants, yielding cassava and tapioca.

manikin (man'-ik-in) [OF., manequin, a puppet].
A model of the body, made of plaster, papier-mache,
or other material, and showing, by means of movable
parts, the relations of the organs.

maniluvium (man-il-oo'-ve-um) [ manus, hand;
lavare, to wash]. A hand-bath; a wash or lotion for
the hands.

manioc (man'-e-ok) [Sp., mandioca]. The cassava-
plant or its product, tapioca. See manihot.

maniple (man'-ip-l) [manipulus, from manusr
hand]. A handful, or pugil.

manipulation (man-ip-u-la'-shun) [see maniple].
A handling; the use of the hands for the purpose of
performing some work in a skilful manner, such as
reducing a dislocation, returning a hernia into its
cavity, or changing the position of a fetus.

manipulus (man-ip'-u-lus). See maniple.

Mann's sign. Diminished resistance of the scalp
to the galvanic current in traumatic neuroses.

Mann's sign [John Dixon Mann, English physi-
cian, 1840-1912]. A disturbance of the normal
balance of the muscles in the two orbits so that one
eye appears to be on a lower level than the other;
it is seen in exophthalmic goiter and other affections
characterized by tachycardia.

manna (man'-ah) [uawa, manna]. The concrete,
saccharine exudation of the flowering ash, Fraxinus
ornus, and other trees. Manna contains a sweet
principle, mannite or mannitol, C6H14O6, a sugar, a
purgative principle, and a mucilage. Some speci-
mens contain also a glucoside, fraxin. Manna is a
mild laxative. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc).

Mannaberg's sign (mah'-nah-bairg). Accentuation
of the second pulmonic sound of the heart is fre-
quently found in abdominal disease, especially in
appendicitis.

Manning's exanthem. A septicemic exanthem
occurring as a grave complication of scarlatina and
diphtheria.

mannitan (man'-it-an) [jiawa, manna], C6H12O5.
A sweet, syrupy substance produced by the action of
sulphuric acid on mannite. m. diacetate, a compound
of mannitan and acetic acid. Syn., acetite.

mannite (man' -it). See manna and mannitol.

mannitol (man'-it-ol). See under manna, m.
hexanitrate, a vasodilator, m. pentanitrate, a body
resulting from action of pyridine on mannitol, hexa-
nitrate. It reduces blood-pressure.

mannitose (man'-it-os) [fiavva, manna], C6H12O6.
An amorphous substance, isomeric with levulose,
but optically inactive, obtained from mannite by
oxidation.

Mannkopff' s sign, M.-Rumpf's sign [Emil Wilhelm
Mannkopff, German physician, 1836- ]. Ac-

MANNOSE

535

MARITONUCLEUS

celeration of the pulse on pressure over painful points
in traumatic neuroses.

mannose (man'-os) [manna], C6H12O6. The alde-
hyde of mannitol. It exists in three forms, dextro-
mannose, levo-mannose, and inactive mannose.

manol (man'-ol). A proprietary remedy for whoop-
ing-cough said to consist of cane-sugar, phenol, oil of
anise, alcohol, and water. Syn., Succus anisi ozo-
natus.

manola (man-o'-lah) . Trade name of a preparation
of cod-liver oil, alcohol, coca, quinine, phosphates
and other substances.

manolymph (man'-o-limf) [pav6s, rare, single or
separate; lympha, lymph]. Warthin's term for
certain hemolymph glands. See gland, hemolymph.

manometer (man-om'-et-er) [p.av6s, rare; nerpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the tension
of liquids and gases, consisting either of a bent
tube filled with mercury (mercurial manometer), or
of a spring (spring manometer), connected with a
writing-style;

manometric (man-o-met'-rik) [manometer]. Per-
taining to a manometer; pertaining to tracings ob-
tained by means of a manometer, m. flames, flames
of different heights and characters seen in a rotating
mirror and due to the reflection of a pulsating gas-
flame when the supplying gas is set in motion by
sound-waves. Syn., Koenig's flames.

manoscope (man'-o-skop) [p.a.v6s, thin; aico-reiv,
to view]. An instrument for determining the density
of air.

mansa (man'-sah). The rhizome of Houttuynia
calif ornica; it is used in malaria and dysentery.

mantle (man'-tl). That portion of the brain sub-
stance including the convolutions, corpus callosum,
and fornix; also called brain mantle, and pallium.

manual (man'-u-al) [manus]. Pertaining to the
hands; performed by the hands.

manubrial (man-u'-bre-al). Pertaining to a manu-
brium.

manubriate (man-u'-bre-at) [manubrium]. Fur-
nished with a handle or handle-shaped process.

manubrium (man-u'-bre-um) [L.]. 1. A handle.
2. The first or upper piece of the sternum, m. of
malleus, the handle-shaped process of the malleus
of the ear. m. manus, the radius, m. of sternum,
m. sterni. See manubrium (2).

manuduction (man-u-duk'-shun) [manus, hand;
ductio, a leading]. The operations performed by the
hands in surgical and obstetrical practice.

manus (ma'-nus) [L.]. The hand. m. curta, m.
distorta, club hand.

manustupration (man-u-stu-pra'-shun) [manus ;
stuprare, to ravish]. Masturbation.

manyplies (men'-ip-hz) [AS., manig, many; plicare,
to fold]. The third compartment in the stomach
of ruminants. Syn., omasum; psalterium.

Manz's glands [Wilhelm Manz, German ophthal-
mologist, 1833- ]. Utricular glands found in the
orbital conjunctiva near the margin of the cornea.

manzanita (man-zan-e'-tah). The Arctostaphylos
glauca, a Californian plant whose leaves are said to
be tonic and diuretic.

M.A.O. Abbreviation for Master of the Art of
Obstetrics.

mappy tongue (map'-e tung'). See geographical
tongue.

Maragliano's endoglobular degeneration (mah-
rahl-yah'-no) [Edoardo Maragliano, Italian physi-
cian, 1840- ]. Vacuole-like areas seen in red
blood-celis after exposure to the air. These areas are
probably the result of coagulation necrosis.

maransis (mar-an'-sis). Synonym of marasmus.

maranta (mar-an'-tah). See arrowroot.

marantic (mar-an'-tik) [napaivtiv, to make lean].
Pertaining to marasmus, m. clot, a blood-clot pro-
duced by slowing of the circulation in depressed
states of the system, m. thrombosis, thrombosis
due to general malnutrition.

maraschino (mar-as-ke' -no) [Sp.]. A cordial made
from marasca cherries.

marasmatic (mar-az-mat'-ik). Synonym of maras-
mic.

marasmic (mar-az'-mik) [marasmus]. Affected
with marasmus.

marasmoid (mar -az' -moid) [p.apaapx>s, decay; eldos,
like]. Resembling or simulating marasmus.

marasmopyra (mar-az-mop'-ir-ah) [jxapa<rp.6s, wast-
ing; m>p, fire]. Hectic fever.

marasmus (mar-az'-mus) [p.apalvtiv, to grow lean].

A gradual wasting of the tissues of the body from
insufficient or imperfect food-supply. There is
either no organic lesion or gastrointestinal catarrh.

marc (mark) [Fr., "dregs"]. 1. A by-product in
the manufacture of wines, consisting of the stems,
skins, and stones of the grapes. 2. The residue
remaining after the expression of the oil from certain
fruits.

Marchi's bundle, M.'s tract (mar'-tshe) [Vittorio
Marchi, Italian physician]. See Loewenthal's tract.

marcid (mar'-sid) [marcidus, marcere, to wither].
1. Shrunken; wasted. 2. Accompanied or charac-
terized by wasting.

marcor (mar'-kor). See marasmus.

Marechal test for bile-pigments (mar-a-shaV)
[Louis Eugene Marechal, French physician]. See
Smith's reaction.

mareo (mar'-e-o) [Span.]. Mountain sickness. A
malady characterized by nausea and violent head-
ache, occasionally overcoming persons who , ascend
to high altitudes.

Marey's law (ma'-re) [Etienne Jules Marey,
French physiologist, 1830-1004]. A high-tension
pulse is a slow pulse.

margarate (mar' -gar -at). The product of margaric
acid and a base.

margaric acid (mar-gar '-ik). See acid, margaric.
m.-acid crystals, needle-shaped crystals consisting
of compounds of the fatty acid, found in foci of fatty
degeneration, in the urine, etc.

margarin (mar'-gar-in) [jiapyapos, the pearl-oyster].
1. A margarate of glyceryl, especially glyceryl tri-
margarate, C3Ho(Ci7H3202)3, found in butter. 2. An
artificial substitute for butter. See oleomargarin.
m.-needles, fatty crystals found in putrid bronchitis
and pulmonary gangrene.

margaritoma (mar-gar-it-o'-mah) [p,dpyapos, the
pearl-oyster; 6p.a, a tumor]. Virchow's term for a
true primary cholesteatoma-formation in the auditory
canal.

margarone (mar'-ga-ron). See palmitone.

Margaropus annulatus (mar-gar-o'-pus an-nu-la'-
tus). A. cattle tick which spreads the Babesia
bigeminum, the cause of Texas fever in cattle.

marginal (mar'-jin-al) [mar go, margin]. Pertaining
to the margin or border, m. convolution. See
convolution, marginal.

marginoplasty (mar-jin-o-plas'-te) [mar go, margin;
irkaaaeiv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the marginal
portion of the eyelid.

margo (mar' -go) [L., pi., margines]. A margin,
edge, or border.

Marie's disease (mar-ee') [Pierre Marie, French
physician, 1853- ]• 1. Akromegaly. 2. Hered-
itary cerebellar ataxia. 3. Hypertrophic pulmonary
osteoarthropathy. 4. Spondylosis rhizomelica; an-
kylosis of the spinal column and of the coxofemoral,
less frequently also of the scapulohumeral articula-
tions. The affection is identified with Struempell's
disease (2). M.'s quadrilateral, a four-sided space
bounded in front by the anterior limiting sulci of
the island of Reil, behind by the posterior limiting
sulci of the island of Reil, internally by the wall of
the lateral ventricle, and externally by the surface
of the island of Reil. M.'s symptom, tremor of the
extremities or the whole body in exophthalmic
goiter.

Marie-Kahler's symptom. See Marie's symptom.

Marie-Robinson's syndrome. A variety of dia-
betes with melancholia, insomnia, impotence, and the
presence in the urine of a levulose that disappears
rapidly on the suppression of carbohydrates.

Marie Struempell disease. See Marie's disease (4).

marigold (mar '-ig- old). See calendula.

Mariotte's blind spot (mar-e-of) [Edme Mariotte,
French physicist, 1620-1684]. The optic papilla.
M.'s experiment, to demonstrate the existence of
the blind spot a sheet of paper, on which a cross and
a circular spot are marked, is held a short distance
in front of the eyes, the left eye being directed steadily
on the cross while the right eye is closed. On
moving the paper away slowly a point will be reached
where the spot is no longer visible, but it reappears
when the distance is increased. M.'s law. See
Boyle's law.

mariscous (mar-is' -kus) [marisca, hemorrhoid].
Pertaining to hemorrhoids.

maritonucleus (mar-it-o-nu'-kle-us) [maritus, mar-
ried; nucleus, a little nut]. The nucleus of an ovum
after fecundation.

MARJOLIN'S ULCER

536

MASSAGE

Marjolin's ulcer (mar-zjo-lan') [Rene Marjolin,
French physician, 1812-1895]. A slowly progressive,
malignant ulcer with peculiar, wart-like growths
commencing on a cicatrix.

marjoram {mar' -jo-ram). See origanum.

mark. Birth-mark, or mother's mark; nevus.
m., portwine. See nevus.

markasol (mar'-kas-ol). Bismuth borophenate,
used as a substitute for iodoform.

marl. A mixture of clay, sand, and amorphous
calcium carbonate.

Marmorek's serum (mar'-mo-rek) [Alexander
Marmorek, Austrian physician, 1865- ]. A
polyvalent serum obtained by the inoculation of
animals with streptococci of various origin.

marmorekin (mar-mor'-e-kin). r. Streptococcus
antitoxin. 2. Marmorek's serum.

Marochetti's vesicles. Small vesicles sometimes
seen on the under surface of the tongue in cases of
rabies.

marrol (mar' -61). A dietetic said to contain ox-
marrow and extract of hops and of malt.

marrow (mar'-o) [AS., mearh]. The fatty sub-
stance contained in the medullary canal of long bones
and in the interstices of cancellous bone. In early life
the marrow of all bones is red (red marrow) , but later
that within the shafts of long bones assumes a light
color (yellow marrow). Red marrow is composed of
a delicate reticulum of connective tissue containing
blood-vessels, large connective-tissue cells, some of
which in growing bone become osteoplasts (marrow-
cells), giant-cells (myeloplaxes) , and red corpuscles in
various stages of formation. In yellow marrow most
of the cells have been transformed into fat-cells.
The function of bone-marrow is probably the forma-
tion of red corpuscles. In certain forms of anemia
the marrow undergoes profound changes; .that of the
shafts of the long bones may return to its embryonic
condition. Bone-marrow has been used in the
treatment of pernicious anemia, m.-space, a cavity
in the cancellous tissue of bone, containing marrow.
m., spinal, the spinal cord.

marrubiin (mar-oo1 '-be-in) [marrubium, horehound].
The crystalline, neutral, bitter substance found in
horehound.

marrubin (mar-oo' -bin). A glycerin extract of
red bone marrow.

marrubium (mar-oo' -be-um) [L.]. Hoarhound.
The marrubium of the U. S. P. is the dried leaves
and tops of M. vulgar e, of the order Labiates. It
contains a volatile oil, a bitter principle, marrubiin,
tannin, resin, and lignin. At present hoarhound is
mainly employed in the form of candy or syrup in
catarrhal affections of the respiratory tract.

Marsden's mucilage or paste (marz'-den) [Alex-
ander Edwin Marsden, English surgeon, 1832-1902].
A caustic paste consisting of one part of white arsenic
to two of gum arabic; formerly used in the treat-
ment of cancer.

Marsh's disease [Sir Henry Marsh, Irish physician,
1 790-1 860]. Exophthalmic goiter.

Marsh's test for arsenic [James Marsh, English
chemist, 1794-1846]. Introduce the substance into
a flask with dilute sulphuric acid and zinc. Light
a jet, and permit it to impinge on cold porcelain, or
heat the delivery-tube, when a steel-white mirror
of metallic arsenic is deposited. This may be dis-
tinguished from a similar deposit of antimony by the
solubility of the arsenical mirror in potassium
hypochlorite.

Marshall's oblique vein (mar'-shal) [Andrew
Marshall, Scotch anatomist, 1742-1813]. A partially
obliterated vein that passes along the posterior aspect
of the left auricle and opens into the coronary sinus
near its termination. M.'s vestigial fold, a fold of
the pericardium extending from the left branch of the
pulmonary artery to the left superior pulmonary
vein. It contains a fibrous cord that represents the
lower part of the left superior vena cava, a vessel
commonly found in mammals, but rarely in man.

Marshall-Hall's disease. See Hall's disease.

marsh-fever. See malarial fever.
marsh-gas. See methane.
marshmallow. See althea.

marsitriol (mar-sit'-re-ol). A proprietary prepara-
tion of iron (ferrum glyceroarsenate]. Dose f gr.
(0.01 Gm.).

marsupia patellaria (mar-sic' -pe-ah pat-el-a'-re-ah).
The alar ligaments of the knee-joint.

marsupialization (mar-su-pe-al-i-za' -shun) [nap<n-

ttos, a pouch]. The operation, recommended in
certain cases of ovarian tumor, of raising the borders
of the evacuated tumor-sac to the edges of the ab-
dominal wound and stitching them there so as to
form a pouch.

marsyle (mar'-sil-e). A commercial name for iron
cacodylate.

Martegiani's area (mar-te-zje-ah'-ne). The slight
widening of the hyaloid canal at its beginning in
front of the optic disc.

martial (mar'-shal) [mars, iron]. Containing iron.
. Martin's bandages (mar'-tin) [Henry Austin
Martin, American surgeon, 1824-1884]. Rubber
bandages, from 5 to 21 feet in length, used for making
compression of a limb for the cure of ulcers, varicose
veins, etc. M.'s depilatory, calcium sulphhydrate.
M.'s hemostatic, surgeons' agaric impregnated with
ferric chloride.

Martinotti's cells (mar-tin-ot'-e) [Giovanni Mar-
tinotii, Italian physician]. Ganglion-cells of the
cerebral cortex, giving off a short axis-cylinder
process at right angles to the surface.

martol (mar'-tol). A semifluid extract obtained
from the shells of cacao-bean, consisting of carbo-
hydrates, phosphates, iron tannate, etc.

Maruta (ma-roo'-tah) [L.]. A genus of herbs of
the order Composites. M. cotula, may-weed, or dog's-
fennel, is used as a substitute for camomile.

maschaladenitis (mas-kal-ad-en-i'-tis) [/xaaxaKv.
axilla; &8r]p, gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion of the glands of the axilla.

maschale (mas'-kal-e) [p.aaxa\-n, axilla]. Axilla,
armpit.

maschaleous (mas-kal'-e-us) [paaxoXr], axilla].
Pertaining to the axilla.

maschale phidrosis (mas-kal-ef-id-ro'-sis) [fiaax^Vt
armpit; i<pidpcocns, sweating]. Sweating in the axillae.

maschaliatria (mas-kal-e-a'-tre-ah) [juao-xaXij, axilla;
larpeia, treatment]. Treatment by inunctions in
the axilla.

maschalister (mas-kaV -is-ier) [/tao-xaXio-rifa, girth,
girdle]. The second cervical vertebra, the axis.

maschaloncus (mas-kal-ong'-kus) [paaxa^V, axilla;
ojkos, tumor]. _ An axillary tumor.

maschalyperidrosis (mas-kal-ip-er-id-ro'-sis) [p,aa-
xaX?7, axilla; vwep, over; tdpwa-is, sweating]. Excessive
sweating in the armpits.

(von) Maschke's reaction for creatinin (mash'-keh).
Add a few drops of Fehling's solution to the creatinin
dissolved in a cold saturated solution of sodium
carbonate. An amorphous, flocculent precipitate is
formed in the cold, but better on warming to 50° to
6o°C.

masculine, masculous (mas'-ku-lin, mas'-ku-lus)
[dim, of mas, a male]. Of the male sex.

masculonucleus (mas-ku-lo-nil'-kle-us). The male
pronucleus.

mask [Fr., masque, a mask]. 1. A bandage
applied to the face in case of erysipelas, burns or
scalds, eczema, etc. 2. Synonym of chloasma.

masked (maskt) [mask]. Covered with a mask;
concealed, m. disease, one that is concealed by
concomitant symptoms.

masochism (mas' -o-kizm) [Leopold von Sacher-
Masoch, an Austrian writer]. Sexual perversion in
which the pervert takes delight in being subjected
to degrading, humiliating, or cruel acts on the
part of his or her associate.

masochist (mas'-o-kist). One addicted to maso-
chism.

masrium (maz'-re-um) [Arab, masr, Egypt]. A
metal described as a new element, found in Egypt in
a mineral first called "Johnsonite," but later masrite.

mass, massa (mas, mas'-ah) [massa, a mass].
1. An aggregation of particles of matter. 2. A
cohesive substance that can be made into pills, m.
action, chemical action as determined by the masses
of the respective substances interacting, m. action,
law of, chemical action is determined by the respective
amounts of the substances acting in unit-volume, or
by the degree of the concentrations present, m.,
blue- (massa hydrargyri, U. S. P.). See mercury
mass, m., copaiba, copaiba, 6 parts, mixed with
magnesia, 94 parts, and water; diuretic and stimulant.
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). m., Vallet's (massa
jerri carbonatis, U. S. P.), mass of ferrous carbonate.

massage (mas-ahzj), massaging [Fr., from ixa<r<reiv,
to knead]. A method of rubbing, kneading, or
stroking of the superficial parts of the body by the
hand or an instrument, for the purpose of modifying

MASSALIS

537

MATERNAL

nutrition, restoring power of movement, breaking
up adhesions, etc. m., cannon-ball, the rolling of a
three-pound to five-pound cannon-ball covered
smoothly with chamois skin or flannel over the
course of the colon, m., electrovibratory, that per-
formed by means of an electric vibrator, m., thermic,
stroking or pressing an affected part with a heated
object, m., vapor, treatment of a cavity by inter-
mittent forcing of a medicated vapor into it. m.,
vibratory, light, rapid percussion either by hand or
by an electric apparatus.

massalis (mas-a'-lis) [mass]. Mercury.

massesis (mas-e'-sis) . Synonym of mastication.

masseter (mas'-e-ter) [paarjTrip, chewer]. One of
the muscles of mastication. See muscle.

masseteric (mas-et-er'-ik) [masseter]. Pertaining
to the masseter muscle.

masseur (mas-ur') [Ft.]. A man who practises
massage. Fern., masseuse.

masseuse (mas-ur z') [Fr.]. A woman who
practises massage.

massicot (mas'-ik-ot) [Fr.], PbO. Lead oxide;
litharge.

massive (mas'-iv). Heavy, m. pneumonia, pneu-
monia with absolute filling of the air-cells and bronchi
with exudate.

massol (mas'-ol). The bark of Massoia aromatica;
it is used in colic, diarrhea, and spasms.

massotherapy (mas-o-ther'-ap-e) [massage; depawela,
therapy]. Treatment by massage.

mastaden (mas' -ta-den) [jjkhttos, breast; ah-qv,
gland]. The mammary gland.

mastadenitis (mas-tad-en-i'-tis) [naaros, breast;
abi)v, gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the mammary gland.

mastalgia (mas-tal'-je-ah) [fiaaros, breast; aXyos,
pain]. Pain in the breast.

mastatrophia (mast-at-ro' -fe-ah) [jxacrrbs, breast;
irpoipLa, atrophy]. Atrophy of the breast.

mastauxe (mas-tawks' -e) [fiao-rfc, breast; av^t),
growth]. Increase in size, or excessive size, of the
breast.

mast-cells. See cells, mast-.

mastecchymosis (mas-tek-im-o'-sis) [fj-aaros, breast;
ecchymosis]. Ecchymosis of the breast.

mastelcosis (mast-el-ko'-sis) [fiao-ros, breast; IX/cowns,
ulceration]. Synonym of masthelcosis.

masthelcosis (mas-thel-ko'-sis) [paa-ros, breast;
eXxwo-is, ulceration]. Ulceration of the breast.

mastic, mastiche (mas'-tik, mas'-tik-e) [p.aa-Ttxv ,
mastic]. The resin flowing from the incised bark of
the Pistacia lentiscus, a tree of the Terebinthacece.
It is used as a styptic, as a filling for teeth, and as a
microscopic varnish.

mastication (mas-tik-a'-shun) [masticare, to chew].
The act of chewing.

masticatory (mas'-tik-a-to-re) [mastication]. 1. Per-
taining to mastication or to the muscles of mastica-
tion. 2. A remedy to be chewed but not swallowed,
used for its local action on the mouth, m. spasm,
spasm of the muscles of mastication; trismus.

mastiche (mas'-ti-ke). See mastic.

Mastigophora (mas-tig-of'-o-rah) [poo-Tig, whip;
<t>kpeiv, to bear]. A class of protozoa with flagella.

mastigophorous (mas-tig-off '-o-rus) [naariyovopos,
bearing a whip]. Flagellate, as certain infusoria or
zoospores.

mastigosis (mas-tig-o'-sis) [piaa-Tiyow, to whip].
Flagellation as a therapeutic measure.

mastitis (mas-ti'-tis) [naards, breast; ms, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the breast, m.,' interstitial,
inflammation of the connective tissue of the breast.
m., parenchymatous, inflammation of the proper
glandular substance of the breast.

masto- (mas-to-) [tiwurbs, breast]. A prefix signi-
fying relating to the breast.

mastocarcinoma (mas-to-kar-sin-o'-mah) . Mam-
mary carcinoma.

mastochondroma (mas-to-kon-dro'-mah) [masto- ;
xovSpos, cartilage]. A cartilaginous tumor of the
breast.

mastodealgia (mas-to-de-al'-je-ah) [fiaaruSris, mas-
toid; a\yos, pain]. > Pain in the mastoid process.

mastodeocentesis (mas-to-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [uaar-
Io>5tis, mastoid; KkvTi)<rvs, a thrust]. Surgical perfora-
tion of the mastoid process.

mastodynia (mas-to-din' -e-ah) [masto-; 65vvrj, pain].
Pain in the breast.

mastoid (mas'-toid) [masto-; eZSos, like]. 1. Nipple-
shaped, as the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

2. The mastoid process. 3- Pertaining to the
mastoid process, as mastoid foramen, mastoid opera-
tion, m. abscess, an abscess of the mastoid cells.
m. antrum, a cavity in the mastoid portion of the
temporal bone. m. bone. See mastoid process.
m. cells, the hollow air-spaces in the mastoid process
communicating with the middle ear. m. disease,
inflammation of the mastoid cells; mastoiditis, m.
foramen. See foramen, mastoid. m. operation,
paracentesis or eradication of the mastoid cells.
m. portion, the lower posterior portion of the mastoid
bone. m. process, the protruding part of the tem-
poral bone felt behind the ear. m. sinus, the mastoid
cells.

mastoidal, mastoideal, mastoidean (mas-toi'-dal,
mas-toi-de'-al, mas-toi-de' -an) [masto-; elSos, like].
Pertaining to the mastoid process.

mastoidealgia (mas-toi-de-al'-je-ah) [masto-; SXyos,
pain]. Synonym of mastodealgia.

mastoidectomy (mas-toi-dek' -to-me) [mastoid; bc-
TOfir], excision]. Excision of the mastoid cells.

mastoideocentesis (mas-toi-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [mas-
toid; Kevr-qa-is, a thrust]. Surgical perforation of the
mastoid process.

mastoiditis (mas-toid-i'-tis) [mastoid; ins, inflam
mation]. Inflammation of the mastoid cells, m.
Bezold's. See Bezold's mastoiditis.

mastoidotomy (mas-toid-ot'-o-me) [mastoid; rkuveiv
to cut]. Incision of the mastoid cells to relieve
suppurative mastoiditis.

mastologist (mas-tol'-o-jist). A specialist in dis
eases of the mammary apparatus.

mastology (mas-tol'-o-je) [masto-; \6yos, treatise]
A treatise on the mammary apparatus, its anatomy
and diseases.^

mastomenia (mas-to-me'-ne-ah) [masto-; nfy,
month]. Vicarious menstruation from the breast.

mastoncus (mas-ton' -kus) [masto-; 07*05, tumor]
Any tumor of the mammary gland or nipple.

mastooccipital (mas-to-ok-sip'-it-al) [mastoid; occi-
put]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and the
occipital bone.

mastoparietal (mas-to-par-i' -et-aV) [mastoid; paries,
wall]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and the
parietal bone.

mastopathy (mas-top' -ath-e) [masto-; -waBos, disease]
Any disease or pain of the mammary apparatus.

mastopexy (mas' -to-peks-e) [masto-; irij^Ls, a fixing]

Surgical fixation of a pendulous breast.

mastorrhagia (mas-tor-a'-je-ah) [masto-; fayvwcu
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the breast.

mastoscirrhus (mas-to-skir'-us) [masto-; aiclppos
hard]. A hard cancer of the breast.

mastosis (mas-to'-sis) {jxaa-ros, breast]. Enlarge-
ment of the breast.

mastospargosis (mas-to-spar-go' -sis) [masto-; airdp-
yoitris, swelling]. Enlargement or swelling of a breast,
especially that due to excess of milk.

mastosyrinx (mas-to-si' -rinks) [masto-; avpiyi-,
pipe]. A mammary fistula.

mastotomy (mas-tot'-o-me) [masto-; rkfiveiv, to
cut]. Incision of a breast.

mastous (mas'-tus) \jjlo.<tt6s, breast]. Having large
breasts.

masturbation (mas-ter-ba'-shun) [masturbari, to
pollute one's self]. Production of the venereal or-
gasm by friction of the genitals.

mastzellen (mast-tsel-en) . See cells, mast.

Matas' band (mat'-as) [Rudolph Malas, American
surgeon, i860- ]. An appliance for occluding
blood-vessels while the condition of the collateral
circulation is being tested. M.'s operation. For
the radical cure of aneurysm: consists in arrest of the
circulation in the sac, opening, evacuating, and
cleansing the sac, and closing the openings by con-
tinuous fine sutures; endoaneurysmorrhaphy.

mate (mah'-ta) [Sp., mate, a vessel]. The leaves of
Ilex Paraguay ensis, used in South America as a
substitute for tea and coffee. Its properties are due
to thein. Syn., Paraguay tea.

materia medica (mat-e'-re-ah med'-ik-ah) [L.,
"medical matter"]. The science that treats of the
sources and preparations of the drugs and agents
used in medicine.^

materies morbi (mat-e'-re-ez mor'-bi) [L., "matter
of disease"]. The material that is the cause of a
disease.

maternal (ma-ter'-nal) [mater, mother]. Pertaining
to the mother, m. impressions. See impressions,
maternal.

MATERNITY

538

MAZOLYTIC

maternity (ma-ter'-nit-e) [see maternal], i. Mother-
hood. _ 2. A lying-in hospital.

matico (mat-e'-ko) [Sp.]. The leaves of Piper
angustifolium, of the order Piperaceee. It is aromatic
and stimulant, and has been used as a local and
general hemostatic and as an alterative stimulant
to mucous membranes. Dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). m.,
fluidextract of (fluidextr actum matico, U. S. P.).
Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). m., tincture of. Dose
1 dr. (4 Cc).

matlazahuatl (mat-lahz-ah-what'-l) [Aztec word].
A form of typhus fever found in Mexico; tabardillo.

matrass (mat' -r as) [Fr., matras, a chemical vessel].
A glass vessel with a long neck and a round body
used in various chemical manipulations.

matricaria (mat-rik-a'-re-ah) [matrix]. German
chamomile; the flower- tops of M. chamomilla, of the
order Composites. Matricaria contains a volatile
oil and a bitter extractive principle, and is a mild
tonic, and in large doses emetic and antispasmodic.

matriculate (mat-rik'-u-lat) [matricula, a register].
To receive admission and to enroll one's self as a
member of a college or university.

matrix (ma'-triks) [L., "a mold in which any-
thing is cast"]. 1. A mold; the cavity in which
anything is formed. 2. That part of tissue into
which any organ or process is set, as the matrix of a
tooth or of a nail. 3. The intercellular substance
of a tissue, as of cartilage. 4. The uterus.

matrixitis (ma-triks-i'-tis). Same as onychia.

matter (mat'-er) [materia, matter]. 1. Physical
substance. 2. Pus.

mattoid (mat'-oid) [mattus, drunk, stupid; eldos,
like]. A person half-crazed; a crank, or paranoiac.

matula (mat'-u-lah) [L.]. A urinal.

maturate (mat'-u-rat) [mature]. To suppurate.

maturation (mat-u-ra' -shun) [mature]. Ripening,
as the ripening ofthe ovum or of a cataract.

mature (ma-tur') [maturare, to ripen]. 1. To
ripen. 2. Ripe.

maturity (ma-tu'-rit-e) [maturitas; maturare, to
ripen]. Full development; the quality or period of
complete growth.

matutinal (ma-tu'-tin-al) [Matuta, goddess of the
morning]. Occurring in the morning, as matutinal
nausea.

matzol (mat'-zol). A mixture of cod-liver oil, so
parts; matzoon, 45 parts; emulsifying ingredients,
5 parts.

matzoon (mat'-zoon). Milk fermented with a
peculiar ferment obtained from Asiatic Turkey. It
is used like kumiss in irritated states of the gastro-
intestinal tract.

Mauchart's ligaments (mow'-shar) [Burkhard
David Mauchart, German anatomist, 1696-1751].
The lateral or alar odontoid ligaments.

Maumene's test for sugar (mom-na') [Edme Jules
Maumene, French chemist, 1818- ]. A strip of
flannel saturated with a 33 i % solution of stannous
chloride is dipped into the liquid; on heating it to
nearly 150° C. it will turn brownish-black.

Maunoir's hydrocele (mo-nwar') [Jean Pierre
Maunoir, French , surgeon, 1768-1861]. A cystic
tumor occurring in the neck between the angle of the
inferior maxilla and the mastoid process. Syn.,
hydrocele colli.

Maurer's dots or clefts (mow'-rer). Large irregu-
lar formations, of uncertain significance, found in the
red blood corpuscles in subtertian malaria.

Mauriceau's lance (mo-ris-o') [Francois Mauriceau,
French obstetrician, 1637-1709]. An instrument for
perforating the fetal head in craniotomy.

Mauthner's sheath (mowt'-ner) [Ludwig Mauthner,
Austrian physician, 1 840-1 894]. The thin, longi-
tudinally striated, protoplasmic layer surrounding
the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber. M.'s test for
color vision, 33 small bottles filled with different
pigments — some with one, others with two (pseudo
isochromatic and anisochromatic) , pigments — are
employed in the manner of Holmgren's worsteds.

mauvein (maw'-ve-in) [Fr., mauve, mallow],
C25H24N4. A base derived from anilin.

maxilla (maks-il'-ah) [L. ; pi., maxilla]. 1. The
bone of the upper or lower jaw. 2. Specifically, the
upper jaw-bone. .

maxillary (maks'-il-a-re) [maxilla]. Pertaining to
the maxillae or jaws. m. bones, the bones of the
jaws, consisting of the lower and upper jaw. m.
fissure, the cleft in the upper maxilla for the maxillary
process of the palate bone. m. nerve, inferior. See

under nerve, m. nerve, superior. See under nerve.
m. sinus, the antrum of Highmore in the superior
maxilla.

maxillate (maks'-il-at). Furnished with jaws.

maxillen (maks'-il-en) [maxilla, jaw-bone]. Be-
longing to the maxillary bone in itself.

maxilliferous (maks-il-if'-er-us). See maxillate.

maxillitis (maks-il-i'-tis) [maxilla, jaw; ltls, in-
flammation]. 1. Inflammation of a maxilla. 2. In-
flammation of a maxillary gland.

maxillodental (maks-il-o-den'-tal). Pertaining to
the jaw and the teeth.

maxillojugal (maks-il-o-joo'-gal). Pertaining to the
maxilla and the zygoma.

maxillomandibular (maks-il-o-man-dib'-u-lar). Per-
taining to the upper jaw and the lower jaw.

maxillomuscular (maks-il-o-mus'-ku-lar). Relating
to the maxillary muscles.

maxillopalatine (maks-il-o-pal'-at-in). Pertaining
to the maxilla and the palatine bone.

maxillopharyngeal (maks-il-o-far-in'-je-al) . Per-
taining to the jaw and the pharynx.

maxillosuprafacial (maks-il-o-su-prah-fa'-shal). Re-
lating to the maxilla and the upper portion of the
face.

maxilloturbinal (maks-il-o-tur'-bin-al). Pertaining
to the maxilloturbinal bone. m.-t. bone, the inferior
turbinate bone.

maximal (maks'-im-al) [maximum]. Pertaining to
the maximum; highest; largest, m. thermometer,
one registering the highest point reached by the
temperature.

maximum (maks'-im-um) [L., neuter of maximus,
the greatest]. The greatest or highest degree or
amount of anything; the highest point attained or
attainable by anything, m. dose, the largest dose
of a medicament that may be given safely, m.
temperature, the temperature above which bacterial
growth does not occur.

Maxwell's experiment (maks'-well) [James Clerk
Maxwell, English physicist, 1831-1879]. On looking
through a chrome alum solution an oval purplish
spot, due to the pigment of the macula lutea, is
seen.

Maxwell's ring. See Loewe's ring.

May-apple. See Podophyllum.

maydis (ma'-dis). See under ustilago.

Maydl's method (madl) [Karl Maydl, German
surgeon, 1853-1903]. The transplantation of the
ureters into the rectum in the treatment of exstrophy
of the bladder.

mayhem (ma'-hem) [OF., mehaigner, to hurt].
Maiming.

mayidism (ma'-i-dizm). Pellagra.

mayidismus (ma-id-iz'-mus). Same as pellagra.

mayol (ma' -61). A meat-preservative introduced
by May, of Budapest, and said to be a mixture of
boric acid, ammonium fluoride, glycerol, and alcohol
(methyl and ethyl) .

Mayor's sign of pregnancy (mar). The hearing
of the fetal heart-sounds.

Mayo-Robson's point [Arthur William Mayo-
Robson, English surgeon]. A spot slightly above the
umbilicus where pressure causes tenderness in cases
of pancreatic disease.

mays (maz) [L.]. The genus zea, q. v.

Maytenus (ma'-ten-us) [Mayten, Chilian name].
A genus of shrubs of the order Celastrinece. M.
boariasis is indigenous to Chili; the leaves are used
on inflammatory swellings, especially in poisoning
by species of Rhus.

maza (ma'-zah) [/xaf a, a cake]. The placenta.

mazalgia (ma-zaV -ge-ah) [fia^6sr breast; 0X705,
pain]. Mastalgia, or mastodynia.

mazalysis (ma-zal'-is-is) [na£a, cake; &, priv.;
Xwm, a loosing]. Retention of the placenta. Some-
times used as synonym of mazolysis, q. v.

mazic (ma'-zik) [na£a, placenta]. Pertaining to
the placenta.

mazischesis (ma-zis'-kes-is). Synonym of mazaly-
sis.

mazocacothesis (ma-zo-kak-oth' -es-is) [na£a, cake;
kclkos, ill; Beats, placing]. Faulty implantation of
the placenta.

mazodynia (ma-zo-din'-e-ah). See mastodynia.

mazoitis (ma-zo-i'-tis). See mastitis.

mazology (ma-zol'-o-je). Same as mastology.

mazolysis (ma-zol'-is-is) [/i£fa, cake; Awns, loosing].
Separation of the placenta.

mazolytic (ma-zo-lit'-ik). Pertaining to mazolysis.

MAZOPATHY

539

MEDEA

mazopathy (ma-zop'-ath-e) i. [p.a£a, cake, placenta;
■waBos, illness]. Any disease of the placenta. 2.
I/zaf6s, breast; iraffos, illness]. Same as mastopathy.

mazopexy (ma'-zo-peks-e) [p.a£6s, breast; irrj^s,
fixation]. Surgical fixation of a pendulous breast;
mastopexy.

Mazzoni's corpuscle (mad-zo'-ne) [Vittorio Maz-
zoni, Italian physician]. A peripheral ending of a
sensory nerve closely resembling Krause's end-bulb.

M.B. Abbreviation of Medicines Baccalaureus,
Bachelor of Medicine.

M.C. Abbreviation for Magister Chirurgice, Mas-
ter of Surgery.

M.C.D. Abbreviation for Doctor of Compara-
tive Medicine.

M.Ch. Abbreviation for Magister Chirurgice,
Master of Surgery.

M.D. Abbreviation of Medicince Doctor, Doctor of
Medicine.

M.D.S. Abbreviation of Master of Dental Surgery.

meable (me'-a-bl) [meabilis, easily penetrating].
Capable of being readily traversed or passed through.

mead (mid). Dilute, fermented honey or syrup
flavored. See hydromel and metheglin.

meadow-saffron. See colchicum.

measle (mez'-el). An individual Cysticercus cellu-
losce. m. of pork. See cysticercus. m.-worm, cysti-
cercus.

measles (mez'-elz) [Du., maselin, measles]. 1. An
acute, infectious disease, characterized by a peculiar
eruption and by catarrhal inflammation of the mu-
cosa of the conjunctiva and of the air-passages.
After a period of incubation of nearly two weeks the
disease begins with a chill, fever, coryza, cough, and
conjunctivitis; on the third or fourth day a dusky-
red, papular eruption appears, arranged in the form
of crescentic groups. After having reached its
maximum, in three or four days, the eruption gradu-
ally fades, and is followed by a branny desquamation.
The disease affects principally the young, is exceed-
ingly contagious, and one attack of it confers almost
perpetual immunity. Its cause is thought to be a
bacillus. 2. A disease of hogs, cattle, and sheep,
due to the presence in the body of Cysticercus cellu-
loses and larvae of other tape-worms. 3. The cysti-
cerci themselves, m., black, m., hemorrhagic, a
grave variety of measles in which the eruption is
hemorrhagic and the constitutional symptoms pro-
found, m., German. See rubella.

measly (mez'-le) [measles]. Containing measles
(cysticerci) .

meat (met) [AS., mete]. The muscular tissues of
an animal, used as food. '

meatal (me-at'-al). Pertaining to a meatus.

meatometer (me-at-om' -et-er) [meatus, meatus;
fierpov, measure]. An instrument used in measuring
the caliber of any meatus, specifically of the meatus
urinarius.

meatorrhaphy (me-at-or'-af-e) [meatus; pa<p-q, su-
ture]. Suture of the cut end of a meatus, generally
the urinary meatus, after a meatotomy.

meatoscope (me-at'-o-skop) [meatus, meatus; oxo-
weiv, to inspect]. A speculum used in the examina-
tion of a meatus, specifically the distal portion of the
male urethra.

meatotome (me-at'-o-tom) [meatus, meatus; ropy,
a cutting]. A cutting instrument used in performing
meatotomy.

meatotomy (me-at-ot'-o-me) [meatus, meatus;
rofiri, section]. Surgical incision of a meatus, par-
ticularly the meatus urinarius.

meatox (met'-oks). Trade name of a preparation
of beef in powder form.

meatus (me-a'-tus) [meare, to flow or pass; pi.,
meatus]. An opening or passage, m. auditorius
externus, the canal extending from the concha to
the membrana tympani. m. auditorius internus,
the internal auditory canal, m. nasi communis,
the part of the nasal cavity into which the three
meatus of the nose open. m. nasopharyngeus, that
part of the nasal cavity communicating with the
pharynx beneath the body of the sphenoid, m. of
nose, one of the three passages into which the turbinal
bones divide the nasal cavity, m. urethrae, m. uri-
narius, the orifice of the urethra.

Mecca balsam. See balm of Gilead.

mechanic, mechanical (me-kan'-ik, me-kan' -ik-al)
\jir)xo.vrt, a machine]. Pertaining to mechanics or
to physical forces, not to chemical or vital forces.
m. theory, Virchow's theory of tumor-formation,

according to which tumors are due primarily to local
irritation.

mechanics (me-kan' -iks) [mechanic]. The science
that treats of the influence and effects of force upon
matter, and that may be divided into statics, the
science treating of matter at rest, and dynamics, that
treating of matter in motion.

mechanism (mek'-an-izm) [mechanic], 1. An
aggregation of parts arranged in a mechanical way to
perform the functions of a machine. 2. The manner
in which a mechanical act is performed, as the mechan-
ism of labor.

mechanotherapy (mek-an-o-ther'-ap-e) [mechanic;
6epaireia, treatment]. The use of mechanical agencies
in the treatment of injury or disease.

meche (mash) [Fr., wick]. A piece of gauze used
as a surgical tent, or drain.

mecism (me'-sizm) [pjjicos, length]. A condition
marked by abnormal prolongation of one or more
parts of the body.

Meckel's cartilage (mek'-el) [1. Johann Friedrich
Meckel, German anatomist, 1717-1774; 2- Johann
Friedrich Meckel, German surgeon, 1781-1833].
[2]. The axis of the first branchial arch (mandibular
arch) of the fetus. It disappears during the fifth
or sixth month, with the exception of its posterior
(tympanic) portion, which becomes the incus,
malleus, and Folian process. A vestige of this
cartilage (pinnal cartilage) is occasionally found
in tumors of the parotid gland. M.'s cavity. [1]. A
recess in the dura over the summit of the petrosa for
the reception of the two roots of the fifth cranial
nerve after their exit from the pons. Syn., cavum
Meckelii. M.'s crural arch. [1]. See Poupart's
ligament. M.'s diverticulum. [1]. The remains of
the vitelline duct, frequently met as a small elongated
pouch attached to the lower portion of the ileum.
M.'s ganglion. [1]. The sphenopalatine ganglion.
M.'s rod. Same as M.'s cartilage. M.'s space.
[1]. A dural space lodging the Gasserian ganglion.

meckelectomy (mek-el-ek' -to-me) [Meckel' s ganglion;
iKTop.ri, excision]. Excision of Meckel's ganglion.

mecometer (me-kom' '-et-er) [py-cos, length; pkrpov,
measure]. An instrument used in measuring new-
born infants.

mecon (me'-kon) [L.]. 1. The poppy. 2. Opium.

meconalgia (me-kon-aV '-je-ah) [mecon; aXyos, pain].
Pain or neuralgia following the disuse of opium.

meconarceine (mek-o-nar'-se-in) [mecon]. A mix-
ture of alkaloids of opium, free from morphine,
having sedative properties. Recommended in bron-
chial affections and neuralgia. Dose £-J gr. (0.01-
0.03 Gm.).

meconate (mek'-on-at) [mecon]. A salt of meconic
acid.

meconeuropathia (mek-on-u-ro-pa'-the-ah) [m^/cow,
opium; vevpov, nerve; waBos, illness]. Nervous dis-
order due to the abuse of opium, or its narcotic
derivatives.

meconic (mek-on'-ik). Pertaining to opium, m.
acid. See acid, meconic.

meconidine (mek-on' -id-en) [pvkuv, poppy], C21H23-
NO4. An amorphous alkaloid of opium.

meconin (mek'-on-in) [mecon], C10H10O4. A crystal-
line substance that is obtained on boiling narcotine
with water. It is hypnotic. Dose 1 gr. (0.06
Gm.).

meconiorrhea (mek-on-e-or'-e-ah) [p^kwvlov, me-
conium; poia, flow]. A morbidly free discharge of
meconium.

meconium (mek-o'-ne-um) [mecon]. The first fecal
discharges of the newborn, a dark-green, viscid
substance, composed of the secretion of the liver
with exfoliated epithelium from the bowel.

meconoiosin (mek-on-oi' -o-sin) [pyKUP, poppy],
CSH10O2. A derivative of opium, crystalline in
character and giving a dark-red color with sulphuric
acid.

meconism (mek'-on-izm) [meconismus; p-qKwv,
poppy]. The opium-habit; opium-poisoning, especi-
ally of the chronic kind.

meconology (mek-on-ol'-o-je) [pyicuv, opium; \6yos,
science]. The botany and pharmacology of opium,
its allies and derivatives.

meconophagism (mek-on-off1 -aj-izm) [pfiKwv, opium;
<f>ayelv, to eat]. The habit of opium-eating.

meconophagist (mek-on-off' -aj-ist) [pvkup, opium;
<paye~u>, to eat]. An opium-eater.

medea (me'-de-ah) [M-ndeta, Medea, a sorceress].
1. The genital organs. 2. Aphrodisiacs.

MEDIA

540

MEDIODORSAL

media (me'-de-ah) [fem. of medius, middle]. The
middle coat of a vein, artery, or lymph-vessel.

media (me'-de-ah) [L.]. Plural of medium, m.,
transparent, of eye, the cornea, aqueous humor,
lens, and vitreous humor.

mediad (me'-de-ad) [median]. Toward the median
plane or line.

medial (me'-de-al). i. See median. 2. Internal,
as opposed to lateral (external).

median (me'-de-an) [medius, middle]. Situated
or placed in the middle; mesal or mesial, m. artery.
See under artery, m. nerve. See under nerve.

mediastinal (jne-de-as-ti'-nal). Pertaining to the
mediastinum. ^

mediastinitis (me-de-as-tin-i'-tis) [mediastinum ;
iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cellular
tissue of the mediastinum.

mediastinopericarditis (me-de-as-tin-o-per-ik-ar-di'-
tis) [mediastinum; pericarditis]. Combined inflamma-
tion of the mediastinum and the pericardium, m.,
callous, that attended with fibrous thickening of the
pericardium.

mediastinotomy (rne-de-as-tin-ot'-o-me) [mediasti-
num; rofiT], an incision]. Incision into the mediasti-
num.

mediastinum (me-de-as-ti'-num) [in medio stare,
to stand in the middle]. 1. A partition separating
adjacent parts. 2. The space left in the middle
of the chest between the two pleurae, divided into
the anterior, middle, posterior, and superior medi-
astinum. The anterior mediastinum contains the
origins of the triangularis sterni muscles, the internal
mammary vessels of the left side, loose areolar tissue,
lymphatic vessels, and a few lymphatic glands.
The middle mediastinum contains the heart and
pericardium, the ascending aorta, the superior vena
cava, the bifurcation of the trachea, the pulmonary
arteries and veins, and the phrenic nerves. The
posterior mediastinum contains a part of the aorta,
the greater and lesser azygos veins, the pneumogastric
and splanchnic nerves, the esophagus, the thoracic
duct, and some lymphatic glands. The superior
mediastinum, that part lying above the pericardium,
contains the origins of the sternohyoid and sterno-
thyroid muscles, and part of the longus colli muscles,
the transverse portion of the aortic arch, the in-
nominate, left carotid, and subclavian arteries, the
superior vena cava and the innominate veins, the
left superior intercostal vein, the pneumogastric,
cardiac, phrenic, and left recurrent laryngeal nerves,
the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, the remains of
the thymus gland, and lymphatics, m. testis, a
septum in the posterior portion of the testicle formed
by a projection inward of the tunica albuginea.

mediate (me'-de-dt) [media]. Indirect; performed
through something interposed, as mediate percussion,
percussion on a pleximeter.

medibasilic vein (me-de-bas-il'-ik). The median
basilic vein. See vein.

medicable (med'-ik-a-bl) [medicari, to heal].
Amenable to cure.

medical (med'-ik-al) [medicine]. Pertaining to
medicine, m. diseases, diseases treated by the
physician, as distinguished from surgical diseases.
m. ethics, those principles of justice, honor, and
courtesy that regulate the intercourse and conduct
of physicians, m. jurisprudence. See jurisprudence,
medical.

medicament (med-ik'-am-ent) [medicine]. A medi-
cinal substance.

medicamentum (med-ik-am-en'-tum). See medica-
ment, m. arcanum, a proprietary or secret remedy.

medicaster (jned-ik-as'-ter). Old term for a quack.

medicated (med'-ik-a-ted). Impregnated with a
medicinal substance.

medication (med-ik-a'-shun) [medicus]. 1. Im-
pregnation with a medicine. 2. Treatment by
medicines; the administration of medicines, m.,
endermic. See cataphoresis. m., hypodermatic,
treatment by the introduction of medicines beneath
the skin, usually by means of a hypodermatic syringe,
m., ionic. See cataphoresis.

medicephalic (me-de-sef-al'-ik) [medius, middle;
Ke<pa\t), head]. Median cephalic. See vein.

medicerebellar (me-de-ser-e-bel'-ar) [medius, middle;
cerebellum]. Pertaining to the intermediate region
of the cerebellum.

me dicer ebral (me-de-ser'-e-bral) [medius, middle;
cerebrum, brain]. Pertaining to the central portion
of the cerebrum.

medicinal (med-is'-in-al) [medicine]. Pertaining
to, or having the nature of, a medicine, m. rashes,
eruptions on the skin following the internal adminis-
tration of certain drugs.

medicine (med'-is-in) [medicari, to heal]. I. Any
substance given for the cure of disease. 2. The
science of the treatment of disease; the healing art.
In a restricted sense, that branch of the healing art
dealing with internal diseases, m., anatomical,
that system which deals with the anatomical changes
in diseased organs and their connection with symp-
toms manifested during life, m., clinical, the study
of disease by the bedside of the patient, m., experi-
mental, that based upon experiments on animals and
the observation of pathological changes in diseases
induced in them and the effect of drugs administered.
m., forensic, m., legal, medical jurisprudence, or
medicine in its relation to questions of law. m.,
patent, medicine the manufacture of which is pro-
tected by letters patent, m., practice of, the practi-
cal application of the principles taught by the theory
of medicine, m., preventive, that which aims at
the prevention of disease, m., proprietary, one the
manufacture of which is limited or controlled by
an owner, because of a patent, a copyright, or secrecy
as regards its constitution or method of manufacture.
m., spagyric, that of the school of Paracelsus, m.,
state, medical jurisprudence, m., vibratory, a
method of treating nervous diseases, paralysis agitans,
etc., by mechanical shaking or percussion, by means
of journeys on railroad or wagon or specially devised
apparatus for methodical shaking of the body.

medicinerea (me-de-sin-e'-re-ah) [medius, middle,
and cinereus, ashen]. The gray matter of the
claustrum and lenticula of the brain, lying between
the cortex or ectocinerea and the entocinerea.

medicisterna (med-e-sis-tur'-nah) [medius, middle;
cisterna, a vessel]. The cisterna vense magnse cerebri.

medicochirurgical (med-ik-o-ki-rur'-jik-al) [medi-
cine; chirurgicus, a surgeon]. Pertaining conjointly
to medicine and surgery.

medicolegal (med-ik-o-le'-gal) [medicine; legalis,
legal]. Relating both to medicine and to the law.

medicomechanical (med-ik-o-me-kan'-ik-al). Medi-
cal and mechanical.

medicommissure (jne-de-kom'-is-ur) [medius, mid-
dle; commissura, commissure]. The middle com-
missure of the third ventricle. The junction of the
mesal surfaces of the thalami. It is in a direct line
between the porta and the aqueduct, and just dorsad
of the aulix. It consists mainly of cells, and is so
soft as commonly to be torn during the removal of
the brain.

medicon (med'-ik-on) [ixribwov]. A harmful or
noxious drug.

medicophysical (med-ik-o-fiz'-ik-al). Both medical
and physical.

medicopsychological (med-ik-o-si-ko-loj'-ik-al)

[medicus physician; \pvxy, mind; Xoyos, science]. Per-
taining to medicopsychology.

medicopsychology (med-ik-o-si-kol'-o-je) [medicus,
physician; ^/vxoKoyia, the science of the mind].
The study of mental diseases.

medicornu (me-de-kor'-nu) [medius, middle; cornu,
horn]. ■ The middle horn of the lateral ventricle.

medicostatistic (med-ik-o-stat-is'-tik). Relating to
medicine as connected with statistics.

medicus (med'-ik-us) [L.]. A physician.

medifixed (me'-de-fikst) [medius, middle; fixus,
fixed]. Attached by the middle.

medifrontal (me-de-fron'-tal) [medius, middle ;frons,
forehead]. Middle of the forehead.

mediglycin (me-de-glis'-in). A liquid glycerol soap
used as a vehicle.

medinal (med'-in-al). Trade name of the sodium
salt of veronal, used as a hypnotic in doses of 5-10
gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.).

Medina-worm (me-di' -nah-wurm) . See Filar ia
medinensis.

medio- (me-de-o-) [medius, middle]. A prefix
meaning middle.

mediocarpal (me-de-o-kar'-pal) [medius, middle;
carpus]. Pertaining to the articulation between the
two rows of carpal bones.

mediocolic (me-de-o-kol'-ik) [medius, middle; kQ>\ov,
colon]. Pertaining to the middle portion of the
colon.

mediodorsal (me-de-o-dor'-sal) [medius, middle;
dorsum, back]. Both median and dorsal; on the
mesial line of the back.

MEDIOFRONTAL

541

MEGALOMANIA

mediofrontal (me-de-o-frun'-tal) [medius, middle;
frons, forehead]. Pertaining to the middle of the
forehead.

mediolateral (me-de-o-lat'-er-al) [medio-; latus,
side]. Pertaining to the middle and to a side.

mediopalatine (me-de-o-pal'-at-in). Relating to
the center of the palate.

mediopontine (me-de-o-pon'-tin) [medio-; pons,
bridge]. Pertaining to the oentral portion of the pons.

mediotarsal {me-de-o-tar' -sal) [medio-; tarsus].
Pertaining to the middle articulation of the tarsal
bones.

medipeduncle (me-de-pe-dung'-kl) [medius, middle;
pedunculus, peduncle]. The middle peduncle of
the cerebellum; the lateral intermediate continuation
of the cerebellum to the pons.

mediscalenus (me-de-ska-le'-nus) [medius, middle;
scalenus]. Synonym of scalenus medius; see muscles,
table of.

medisect (me-de-sekt') [medius, middle; secare, to
cut]. To make a medisection, q. v.

medisection (me-de-sek'-shun) [medius, middle;
sectio, from secare, to cut]. Section of the body, or
of any symmetrical part, at the median longitudinal
anteroposterior plane.

Mediterranean fever {med-it-er-a'-ne-an). See
fever, Mediterranean.

meditrina (med-it-ri'-nah). A concentrated germi-
cidal electrozone.

medium {me'-de-um) [neuter of medius, middle;
pi., media], i. That in which anything moves or
through which it acts. 2. The soil upon which any-
thing grows, especially a substance used for cultivat-
ing bacteria; culture or nutrient medium.

medius (me'-de-us) [medius, middle]. 1. The
middle. 2. The middle finger.

medoblennorrhea, medoblennorrhcea (me-do-blen-
or-e'-ah). Synonym of gonorrhea and gleet.

medol (med'-ol). Trade name of a preparation of
creolin ; chiefly used in veterinary practice.

medorrhea, medorrhcea (me-dor-e'-ah) [fj-nSea,
genitals; poia, a flow]. A discharge from the repro-
ductive organs, m. urethralis, gonorrhea, m.
virilis, gonorrhea of the male urethra.

medorrhoic (me-dor-o'-ik) [nr)5ea, genitals; poia,
flow]. Pertaining to medorrhea.

medulla (me-dul'-ah) [L., "marrow"]. 1. The
marrow. 2. The medulla oblongata. 3. Anything
resembling marrow in structure or in its relation to
other parts — as a fatty substance or marrow occupy-
ing certain cavities. Also the central parts of certain
organs as distinguished from the cortex. 4. The
same as corpus medullare or corpus dentatum. m. of
kidney. See under kidney, m. of nerve-fiber, the
white substance of Schwann. See under nerve-fiber.
m. oblongata, the upper enlarged part of the spinal
cord, extending from the cord opposite the foramen
magnum to the pons Varolii, m. ossium, bone
marrow, m. ossium rubra, red bone-marrow;
recommended in the treatment of skin diseases and
in anemia, m. spinalis, the spinal cord or marrow.

medulladen (med-ul-ad'-en). A preparation of
bone-marrow of beef; it is used in anemia, gout, etc.
Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.).

medullar (me-dul'-ar). Synonym of medullary.

medullary (med'-ul-a-re) [medulla], 1. Pertaining
to the marrow; resembling marrow. 2. Pertaining
to any medulla, as that of the brain. 3. Pertaining
to the medulla oblongata, m. canal, the hollow
interior of long bones in which the marrow lies. m.
carcinoma, a soft carcinoma very rich in cells, m.
foramen, a nutrient foramen, m. groove, a longi-
tudinal groove at the anterior part of the embryonal
shield of the blastoderm, m. rays. See under kid-
ney, m. sheath, the semifluid white matter between
the enveloping sheath and central axis-cylinder of a
nerve.

medullated (med'-ul-a-ted) . Containing or covered
by medulla or marrow, m. nerve-fibers, nerve-
fibers provided with a medullary sheath, the white
substance of Schwann.

medullation (med-u-la'-shun). The process of
acquiring a medulla, as in the case of many nerve-
fibers in the course of their development.

medullin (med-ul'-in) [medulla, marrow]. 1. A
variety of cellulose obtained from the pith or medulla
of certain plants. 2. The extract of the spinal cord
of the ox; it is used in ataxia.

medullispinal (med-ul-e-spi'-nal) [medulla; spine].
Relating to the spinal cord.

medullitis (med-ul-i'-tis) [medulla; it«, inflamma-
tion]. 1. Inflammation of marrow. 2. Myelitis.

medullization (med-ul-iz-a'-shun) [medulla]. Con-
version into marrow, as the softening of bone-tissue
in the course of osteitis.

medulloarthritis (med-ul-o-ar-thri'-tis) [medulla,
marrow; apdpov, joint; wis, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the marrow-elements of the cancellated
articular portion of a bone.

medullocell (med-ul'-o-sel) [medulla, marrow;
cellula, cell]. A marrow-cell; myelocyte.

medulloencephalic (med-ul-o-en-sef-al'-ik) [medulla,
marrow; iyi<e<pd\6s, brain]. Pertaining to the
medulla and the encephalon; myeloencephalic.

medullose, medullous {med-ul'-os, -us). Contain-
ing much pith or marrow.

mega-, megalo- (meg-ah-, meg-al-o-) [pkyas, large].
Prefixes signifying large; also, indicating a unit
1,000,000 times greater than the unit to which it is
prefixed.

megabacteria (meg-ah-bak-le'-re-ah) [mega-; Paicr-fi-
pu>p, bacterium]. The largest kind of bacteria; a
group of the coccobacteria.

megacephalia (meg-ah-sef-a'-le-ah) [mega-; KeipaXi),
head]. The megacephalic condition.

megacephalic, megacephalous (meg-ah-sef-al'-ik,
meg-ah-sef'-al-us). See megalocephalic.

megacheilus (meg-ah-ki'-lus) [mega-; x^os, lip].
Large-lipped.

megacoccus (meg-ah-kok'-us) [mega-; kokkos, a
berry]. A large-sized coccus.

megacoly (meg-ak'-ol-e). See megalocoly.

megadyne {meg'-ah-din) [mega-; 8vvap.is, power].
A unit equal to a million dynes.

megafarad (meg-ah-far'-ad) [mega-; Faraday].
An electric unit equal to a million farads.

megagamete {meg-ag-am'-et). Same as macro-
gamete.

megagastria (meg-ah-gas'-lre-ah) [mega-; yaarhp,
belly]. Auxesis, or abnormal enlargement of the
abdomen.

megagnathus (meg-ah-na'-thus) [mega-; yvaBos,
jaw]. Large-jawed.

megakaryocyte, megacaryocyte (meg-ah-kar'-e-o-
sit) . See myeloplax.

megalgia (meg-al'-je-ah) [mega-; aXyos, pain].
Excessively severe pain.

megalo. See mega.

megaloblast (meg'-al-o-blast) [megalo-; 0\ao-r6s,
a germ]. A giant-corpuscle of the blood. The term
is restricted to embryonic or germinal cells as distin-
guished from megalocite, wyhch pertains to adult life.

megalocardia imeg-al-o-kar' -de-ah) [mega-; napMa,
heart]. Auxesis, or enlargement of the heart.

megalocephalic (meg-al-o-sef-al'-ik) [megalocephaly].
Large-headed; applied to a skull the capacity of
which exceeds 1450 Cc.

megalocephaly {meg-al-o-sef -al-e) [megalo-; K&pah-h,
head]. 1. The condition of having a very large head.
2. A disease characterized by progressive* enlarge-
ment of the head, face, and neck, involving both the
bony and the soft tissues. Syn., leontiasis ossea.

megalocerus (meg-al-os'-er-us) [mega-; nepas, horn].
A monstrosity with horn-like projections on the
forehead.

megalocheirous (meg-al-o-ki'-rus) [megalo-; x&Pt
hand]. Large-handed; having large antennae.

megalocoly (meg-al-ok'-ol-e) [megalo-; k6\ov, colon].
A uniform increase in the internal diameter of the
colon, with thickening of the walls.

megalocornea (meg-al-o-kor'-ne-ah) [megalo-; cor-
nea]. An enlarged condition of the cornea.

megalocyte (meg'-al-o-sit) [megalo-; kvtos, cell].
An abnormally large red blood-corpuscle.

megalocytosis (meg-al-o-si-to'-sis) [megalocyte]. The
presence of large numbers of greatly enlarged ery-
throcytes in the blood.

megalodactylous (meg-al-o-dak'-til-us) [megalo-;
5clktvKos, digit]. Having abnormally large fingers
and toes.

megalogastria {meg-al-o- gas' -tre-ah) [megalo-; yaa-
rt)p, belly]. Abnormal enlargement of the abdomen.

megaloglossia (meg-al-o-glos'-e-ah). See macro-
glossia.

megalokaryocyte (meg-al-o-kar'-e-o-sit). 1. A cell
having a large nucleus. 2. A cell of the bone-
marrow having a large, irregular, coiled nucleus.

megalomania (meg-al-o-ma'-ne-ah) [megalo-; p.avla,
madness]. 1. Mania characterized by delusions of
grandeur. 2. The delirium of grandeur.

MEGALOMELIA

542

MELANEMIA

megalomelia (meg-al-o-me' -le-ah) [megalo-; fiekos,
limb]. A monster with excessively large limbs.

megalonychosis (meg-al-on-ik-o'-sis) [megalo-; 6w%,
nail]. Universal noninflammatory enlargement of
the nails.

megalopenis (meg-al-o-pe'-nis). Excessive size of
the penis.

megalophonic, megalophonous (meg-al-o-fo'-nik,
meg-al-off'-o-nus). Synonym of macrophonous.

megalophthalmus (meg-al-of-lhal'-mus) [megalo-;
6<pdo.\y.6%, eye]. Excessively large eyes.

megalopia (meg-al-o'-pe-ah). Synonym of mega-
lopsia.

megalopodia (meg-al-o-po'-de-ah) [megalo-; tto-js,
foot]. The condition of having large feet.

megaloporous {meg-al-op'-or-us). Characterized
by large pores.

megalopsia (meg-al-op'-se-ah) [megalo-; 6^is, sight].
A disturbance of vision in which objects seem larger
than they are.

megaloscope (meg'-al-o-skop) [megalo-; aKoireZv,
to inspect]. A magnifying endoscope or speculum.

megaloscopy (meg-al-os' -ko-pe) [megalo-; o-Ko-neiv,
to inspect]. Inspection by means of the megalo-
scope.

megalosplanchnos (meg-al-o-splangk'-nos) [megalo- ;
airXayxvov, viscus]. Possessing large viscera, especi-
ally a large liver.

megalosplenia (meg-al-o-sple'-ne-ah) [megalo- ;
spleen]. Enlargement of the spleen.

megalosporon (meg-al-os' -po-ron) [megalo-; airdpos,
seed: pi., megalospora]. A fungus, parasitic upon
the hair; trichophyton.

megalosyndactyly (meg-al-o-sin-dak'-til-e). Syn-
dactylism attended by hypertrophy.

meganucleus (meg-an-u'-kle-us). Same as macro-
nucleus.

megaphone (meg'-ah-fon) [mega-; <pwvfi, sound].
An instrument used for assisting the hearing of the
deaf, by means of large reflectors of the sound-waves.

megarrhizin (meg-ar-iz'-in). A bitter glucoside
from the root of Echinocystis fabacea. It is said to
be an active cathartic.

megascope (meg-ah-skop) [mega-; VKoiretv, to in-
spect]. A microscope for examining objects ot com-
paratively large size.

megaseme (meg'-as-em) [mega-; aijp.a, sign]. With
an orbital index more than 8o°.

megasoma (meg-ah-so'-mah) [mega-; 0-cbp.a, body].
Abnormal size and staturenot reaching gigantism.

megaspore (meg'-ah-spor) [mega-; awopos, seed].
Same as macrospore.

megasthenic (meg-ah-sthen'-ik) [mega-; aOevos,
strength]. Powerful; having great bodily strength.

Megastoma (meg-ah-sto'-mah) [mega-; arbna,
mouth]. A genus of infusorians. M. entericum,
M. intestinale, a species found in the intestinal canal
of the cat and of certain mice, and in human feces.
It is probably identical with Cercomonas intestinalis.

megavolt (meg'-ah-volt). A unit equal to 1,000,000
volts.

Meglin's palatine point (ma-glan') [J. A. Meglin,
French physician, 1 756-1824]. The point of emer-
gence of the large palatine nerve from the palato-
maxillary canal; it constitutes at times one of the
painful points in neuralgia of the superior maxillary
branch of the trigeminus.

megohm (meg'-om) [mega-; ohm]. An electrical
unit equal to one million ohms.

megophthalmus (meg-of-thal'-mus). See kerato-
globus.

megoxycyte (meg-ok'-se-sit) [mega-; 6£vs, sharp;
kvtos, cell]. A large oxyphile cell, one of the coarsely
granular eosinophile cells or a-granules of Ehrlich.

megrim (me' -grim). See migraine.

Mehu's test for albumin (ma'-hoo) [Camille Jean
Marie Mehu, French chemist, 1835-1887]. Treat
the solution with 2 or 3 % of its volume of nitric
acid, and add 10 volumes of a solution of 1 part
phenol and 1 part acetic acid in 2 parts of 90 % alcohol
and shake.

Meibomian calculus (mi-bo' -me-an) [Heinrich
Meibom, German anatomist, 1638-1700]. The
hardened secretion of the Meibomian glands that may
accumulate on the inner surface of the eyelids. M.
cyst, M. tumor, chalazion. M. foramen, the cecal
foramen of the tongue. M. glands, tarsal glands;
sebaceous follicles embedded in the tarsal plates
of the eyelids. M. sty, one produced by suppuration
of a Meibomian gland. Syn., hordeolum internum.

Meigs' capillaries. The capillary blood-vessels
found between the muscular fibers of the heart.

Meinert's form of enteroptosis (mi'-nert). Enter-
optosis occurring in chlorotic subjects.

meio- (mi'-o-). For words beginning thus, see
mio-.

meiostagmin reaction (mi-o-stag'-min). A serum
reaction based upon the lowering of the surface
tension of a liquid when a specific antigen is added
to a specific serum.

Meissner's corpuscles (mls'-ner) [Georg Meissner,
German histologist, 1829-1003]. Ovoid, laminated
corpuscles connected with medullated nerve-fibers
which wind around the lower pole before entering
them; they are found in the papilla? of the volar
surfaces of the fingers and toes. M.'s ganglia, the
ganglionic nodes in Meissner's plexus. M.'s plexus,
a plexus of nerves found in the submucous layer of
the small intestine.

Meissner-Billroth's plexus. See Meissner's plexus.

mel [L.]. Honey. The product of the honey-
bee, Apis mellifera, and a few other hymenopterous
insects. It contains a large amount of dextrose and
levulose, and has the same properties as sugar. In
medicine it is used as a vehicle, especially in gargles,
and as an application to foul ulcers, m. boracis
(B. P.), honey of borax, is used as a mouth-wash in
thrush and aphthae, m. depuratum (U. S. P.),
clarified honey, m. despumatum, clarified honey.
m. rosse (U. S. P.), honey of rose, is used as an addi-
tion to gargles in ulcerated conditions of the mouth
and throat.

melachol (mel'-ak-ol). Sodium citrophosphate,
consisting of sodium phosphate, 100 parts; sodium
nitrate, 2 parts; citric acid, 13 parts, rubbed together
and mixed with 100 parts of water; used in liver
complaints.

melada (mel-a'-dah) [Sp., fem. of melar, candy].
A moist brown sugar, produced like the muscovado,
but not drained free of molasses.

melaena (mel-e'-nah). See melena.

melagra (mel-a'-grah) [jieXos, limb; ay pa, seizure].
Pain or gout in the limbs.

melaleuca (mel-al-u-kah) . See cajuput.

melalgia (mel-al'-je-ah) [pehos, limb; &X70S, pain].
Pain or neuralgia in the extremities.

melamphonous (mel-am'-fo-nus) [/zeXas, dark; <pwvri,
voice]. Hoarse- voiced.

melampyrin, melampyrit (mel-am'-pi-rin, -rit).
See dulcit.

melansemia (mel-an-e' -me-ah) . See melanemia.

melanagogue (mel-an'-ag-og) [melano-; &7W76S,
leading]. 1. Causing an expulsion of dark feces, or
of bile. 2. A remedy that causes the expulsion of
dark stools or of bile; formerly, a medicine of service
in the treatment of choler, or melancholy.

melancholia, melancholy (mel-an-ko'-le-ah, mel'-
an-kol-e) [/xeXas, black; X0X17, bile]. A disorder of the
mind characterized by a profound emotional de-
pression and a tendency toward introspection, im-
pairment of the mental and physical faculties, with
or without delusions, m., affective, that in which
the emotional nature is at fault, m. agitata, a form
associated with excessive motor excitement. The
patient rushes about, wringing his hands and lament-
ing loudly, m. attonita, a form in which the patient
is peifectly motionless, lies in bed or sits up with his
eyes open and fixed, and is absolutely indifferent to
everything about him. Syn., stuporous melancholia.
m., climacteric, that occurring at the menopause,
m., convulsive, that associated with Jacksonian
epilepsy, m., panphobic, that associated with the
dread of everything, m., paretic, that preceding
paresis, m. passiva, m., passive, a chronic form of
slow development and gradual failure of the physical
powers, m., simple, a mild form without delusions.
Syn., hypomelancholia ; melancholia without delirium.
m. simplex, a mild form without delusions, m.
stuporosa. Same as m. attonita. m., stuporous.
See m. attonita.

melancholiac (mel-an-ko'-le-ak) [see melancholia],
1. Suffering from melancholia. 2. A person affected
with melancholia.

melancholic (mel-an-kol'-ik) [melano-; x°M> bile].
Sad; depressed; affected with melancholy.

melanedema (mel-an-e-de'-mah) [p.k\as, black;
ol5i)na, swelling]. Melanosis of the lungs.

melanemia, melansemia (mel-an-e' -me-ah) [jaeXas,
black; aljua, blood]. The presence in the blood-
plasma or in the corpuscles, or in both, of dark pig-

MELANEPHIDROSIS

543

MELLITA

ment-granules due to the disintegration of the hemo-
globin. Syn., hemachromatosis.

melanephidrosis (mel-an-ef-id-ro'^sis) [pk\as, black;
&f>iSpoxns, excessive perspiration]. Black perspiration.

melangeur (ma-lon-zjer') [Fr.]. The graduated
pipet of the hemocytometer.

melanicterus (mel-an-ik'-ter-us) [melano-; Urepos,
jaundice]. Black jaundice.

melanidia (mel-an-id'-e-ah). See miner's phthisis.

melanidrosis (mel-an-id-ro'-sis). See melanephi-
drosis.

melanin (mel'-an-in) \jxe\as, black]. A black pig-
mentary matter occurring naturally in the choroid
coat of the eye, the skin, the hair, the muscles, and,
pathologically, in the skin in Addison's disease and
in melanotic tumors. Melanin usually contains sul-
phur and rarely iron. It is a product of cell-activity
and belongs to the socalled metabolic pigments.

melanism (mel'-an-izm) [melanin]. The abnormal
deposition of dark pigment in an organ or organism.

melano- (mel-an-o-) [jueXas, black]. A prefix sig-
nifying black or dark-colored, or relating to melanin.

melanoblastoma (mel-an-o-blas-to'-mah) [melano- ;
blastoma]. Same as melanosarcoma.

melanocancroid (mel-an-o-kang'-kroid). Synonym
of melanocarcinoma.

melanocarcinoma (mel-an-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). A
carcinoma containing melanin.

melanochlorosis (mel-an-o-klo-rc'-sis) [melano- ;
xXcopos, green]. Chlorosis in which the skin has a
blackish-green hue. Also the same as melanicterus.

melanochroic, melanochroous (mel-an-o-kro'-ik,
mel-an-ok' -ro-us) [melano-; xpoa, color]. Having a
dark color or complexion.

melanocomous {mel-an-ok' -o-mus) [melano-; now,
hair]. Black-haired.

melanocyte {mel'-an-o-sit) [melano-; kvtos, a cell].
A wandering lymph-cell which has become discolored
by the absorption of dark pigment-granules.

melanoderma, melanodermia (mel-an-o-der'-mah,
mel-an-o-der' -me-ah) [melano-; 8epp.a, skin]. Black
pigmentation of the skin, m., parasitic. See vaga-
bond's disease.

melanogen (mel-an'-o-jen) [melano-; yewav, to
produce]. A material which becomes melanin on
receiving the appropriate stimulus.

melanoid (mel'-an-oid) [melano-; eldos, like]. Dark-
colored; of the nature of melanosis.

melanoma (mel-an-o' -mah) [melano-; 6p.a, tumor:
pi., melanomata]. A tumor containing melanin.

melanomyces (mel-an-o-mi'-sez) [melano-; nvK-qs,
fungus]. A black fungous growth.

melanopathy (mel-an-op'-ath-e) [melano-; irados,
disease]. A disease attended with a deposit of dark
pigment.

melanoplakia (mel-an-o-pla'-ke-ah) [melano-; ir\a£,
surface]. Pigmentation of the mucous membrane
of the mouth.

melanorrhagia (mel-an-or-a'-je-ah) [melano-; fay-
vbvai, to burst forth]. The copious discharge of
blackened feces.

melanorrhea (mel-an-or-e'-ah) [melano-; polo., a
flow]. Synonym of melena.

melanosarcoma (mel-an-o-sar-ko'-mah) [melano- ;
sarcoma]. A sarcoma containing melanin.

melanosar c omat o sis (mel-an-o-sar-ko-mat-o'-sis) .
The formation of melanosarcomata or the conditions
favoring their formation.

melanoscirrhus (mel-an-o-skir'-us). A form of
scirrhous scarcinoma characterized by pigmentation.

melanosis (mel-an-o' -sis) [melano-; voaos, disease].
A general tendency to the formation in the blood, and
the deposition in organs, of a dark granular pigment
which is usually derived from the hemoglobin of the
blood, m. lenticularis progressiva. See xeroderma
pigmentosum.

melanosity (mel-an-os'-it-e) [melano-; voaos, dis-
ease]. The condition of being melanous; darkness,
as of hair, eyes, or skin.

melanotic (mel-an-ot'-ik) [melanosis]. Pertaining
to or characterized by melanosis or by a deposit of
melanin.

melanotrichous (mel-an-ot' -rik-us) [melano-; 6pl%,
hair]. Black-haired.

melanous (mel'-an-us) [melanosis]. Pigmented,
dark complexioned, characterized by melanosis.

Melanthera (mel-an'-ther-ah) OueXas, black; avdnpos,
blossoming]. A genus of composite plants. M.
brownei is an African plant the leaves of which in
infusion are recommended as a substitute for quinine.

melanthin (mel-an'-thin). A glucoside, found
in the seeds of Nigella sativa.

melanuria (mel-an-u'-re-ah) [p.i\as, black; ovpov,
urine]. The presenceof black pigment in the urine.

melanurin (mel-an-u'-rin) [melano-; ovpov, urine].
A dark pigment found in the urine in melanuria; it
is sometimes associated with the presence in the
body of melanotic tumors.

melasicterus (mel-as-ik'-ter-us) [peXas, black;
ucrepos, jaundice]. Black jaundice; jaundice with
great discoloration of the skin.

melasma (mel-az'-mah) [p.k\as, black]. A deposit
of dark pigment in the skin. m. suprarenale,
Addison's disease.

melatrophy (mel-at'-ro-fe) [p.k\os, limb; &Tpo<pia,
lack of nutrition]. Wasting of the limbs.

melena, melaena (mel-e'-nah) [/xeXas, black]. The
discharge of stools colored black by altered blood. It
is quite common in the newborn, melaena neona-
torum, an extravasation of blood into the stomach
and intestines of the newborn infant, occurring most
often in the first few hours of life.

melenemesis (mel-en-em' -es-is) [melano-; ejue<ns,
vomiting]. Black vomit.

melenic (mel-en'-ik) [p.e\as, black]. Pertaining to
melena.

melenorrhagia (mel-en-or-a'-je-ah). Synonym of
melena.

melezitose (mel-ez'-it-os) [Fr., meleze, larch],
C18H32O16-I-2H2O. A sugar found in European
false manna, or Briancon manna.

Melia (me'-le-ah) [jxehia, the ash]. A genus of the
order Meliacece. M. azadirachta is indigenous to
Asia, but naturalized in southern Europe and Ameri-
ca. The entire plant is bitter and narcotic, in small
doses purgative and anthelmintic; the leaves and
blossoms are vulnerary and stomachic; the bark,
called margosa, is tonic and emmenagogue, the root
bark is used in lepra and scrofula and as an emetic;
the oil of the seeds is antiseptic. M. azedarach is
indigenous to Asia and naturalized in the United
States. The root bark is anthelmintic. Dose of
fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). The oil from
the seeds is used in skin diseases and as a vulnerary.

melicera, meliceris (mel-is-e'-rah, mel-is-e'-ris)
[mel; tempos, wax]. A cyst containing a substance
having a honey-like appearance.

Mefllotus (mel-il-o'-tus) [mel; \wt6s, lotus]. A
genus of leguminous herbs. M. officinalis, the sweet
clover, is official in the G. P. It contains coumarin
(C9H6O2), melilotic acid (C9H10O3), and coumaric
acid (C9H8O3), of which coumarin is the anhydride.

melinous (mel'-in-us) [jutJXu'os]. Quince-colored.

Melissa (mel-is'-ah) [p.e\io-o-a, a bee]. A genus of
labiate plants. M. officinalis, balm or lemon-balm,
is a species growing in southern Europe. Balm is
used as a drink in febrile affections and as a flavoring
agent.

melissic (mel-is'-ik) [mel]. Obtained from honey
or from beeswax.

melitagra (mel-it-a'-grah) [mel; ay pa, seizure].
Eczema associated with the formation of soft, honey-
colored crusts.

melitagra (mel-it-a'-grah) [pekos, limb; ay pa,
seizure]. Any arthritic or rheumatic pain in the
limbs.

melitemia, melitaemia (mel-it-e' -me-ah) [mel; al/xa,
blood]. The presence of an excess of sugar in the
blood.

melitis (mel-i'-tis) [p.ij\ov, cheek; ins, inflamma-
tion]. _ Inflammation of a cheek.

melitoptyalismus (mel-it-o-ti-al-iz'-mus) [p.k\i,
honey; irrvaXov, saliva]. The production of melito-
ptyalon.

melitoptyalon (mel-it-o-ti'-al-on) [jueXi, honey;
iTTva\ov, saliva]. A saliva containing glucose said
to be secreted by persons suffering from hectic fever.

melitose (mel'-it-os) [mel], C12H22O11. A crystalline
sugar occurring in Australian manna, flour of cotton-
seeds, sugar-beets, and in the molasses obtained in
the manufacture of sugar.

melituria (mel-it-u'-re-ah) [melitose; ovpov, urine].
Diabetes mellitus. m. inosita, the presence of inosit
in the urine.

Mellin's food. A variety of Liebig's food for
infants. Its composition is: Water 5.0, fat 0.15,
grape-sugar 44.69, cane-sugar 3.51, starch none,
soluble carbohydrates 85.44, albuminoids 5-95,
ash 1.89.

mellita (mel-i'-tah) [p.e\i, honey]. Pharmaceutical

MELLITE

544

MEMBRANE

preparations known as honeys. They consist of
honey, either natural, clarified, or flavored. There
are three official mellita.

mellite (mel'-it). See mellitum.

mellithemia (mel-ith-e'-me-ah). See melitemia.

mellitum {mel-i'-tum) [mel]. In pharmacy, a
honey; a preparation in which honey is the menstru-
um, m. rosae. See mel roses.

melmaroba (mel-mar-o'-bah). A liquid preparation
said to contain Brunfelsia uniflora, caroba, stillingia,
and potassium iodide; it is used in syphilis, chronic
skin diseases, and rheumatism. Dose 1-2 dr. (3.75-
7-5 Cc).

melocampyle (mel-o-kam'-pil-e) [nehos, limb; KanwOXtj,
crooked staff]. Deformity of the limbs from bending.

melodidymus (mel-o-did'-im-us) [nk\os, limb;
bldvuos, double]. A monstrosity with double limbs.
Melodidymia are twins united by the limbs.

melol (mel'-ol) [mel; oleum, oil]. Disguised castor-
oil.

melomania (mel-o-ma'-ne-ah) frieXos, song; ixavla,
madness]. Inordinate devotion to music.

melomaniac (mel-o-ma'-ne-ak) [jik\os, song; fiavla,
madness]. One who is affected with melomania.

melomelus (mel-om'-el-us) [/xeXos, limb]. A mon-
ster with supernumerary limbs.

melon (mel'-on) [firj\ov, an apple]. 1. See citrullus
and cucumis. 2. A proprietary cicatrizant and
vulnerary, m.-root, the root of muskmelon, Cucumis
melo. Dose of cultivated root 6 dr. (25 Gm.) ; of wild
root 8-11 gr. (0.51-0. 71 Gm.). m.-seed bodies,
fibrous bodies, resembling melon-seeds in size,
sometimes found in joints and cysts of tendon-
sheaths.

meloncus (mel-ong'-kus) \pfiKov, cheek; 6ynos,
tumor]. A tumor of the cheek.

melonemetin (mel-on-em'-et-in). See melonenem-
etin.

melonenemetin (mel-on-en-em'-et-in). A bitter
brown substance from the root of musk-melon
Cucumis melo. It is used as an emetic and purgative.
Dose f-i- gr. (0.05-0.07 Gm.).

meloplastic (mel-o-plas'-tik) [firjXov, cheek; irkaaaeiv,
to form]. Pertaining to meloplasty.

meloplasty (me'-lo-plas-te) [fj.fj\ov, cheek; irXaaaeiv,
to form], A plastic operation on the cheek.

melos (me'-los) [/*e\os, a limb]. Limb.

melosalgia (mel-os-al'-je-ah). See melalgia.

meloschisis (mel-os'-kis-is) [nij\oi>, cheek; <rx£<ns,
cleft]. A congenital cleft of the cheek.

melosis {me-lo'-sis) [nn^v, probe]. The process of
probing.

melotis (mel-o'-tis) [firjXr], probe; ovs, ear]. An
aural probe.

melotridymus (mel-o-trid' -im-us) [fik\os, limb;
rpldvfios, threefold]. A fetal monstrosity with three
pairs of limbs.

melting-point. The degree of temperature at
which solids pass into the liquid state.

Meltzer's method (melt'-zer) [Samuel James
Meltzer, American physician, 1851- ]. The
introduction of an anesthetic vapor into the trachea.
M.'s sign, normally, on auscultation of the heart
(at the side of the xiphoid appendix) there is heard,
after swallowing, a first sound produced by the
flowing of fine drops, and six or seven seconds after,
a "glou-glOu." According to Meltzer, the second
sound fails in the case of occlusion or pronounced
contraction of the lower part of the esophagus.

melubrin (mel'-u-brin). Trade name of an anti-
pyrin derivative, used in acute articular rheumatism,
sciatica, etc. Dose 15-30 gr. (1 to 2 Gm.).

melulose (mel'-u-los). A concentrated extract of
malt.

member (mem'-ber) [membrum, a limb]. A part
of the body, especially a projecting part, as the leg
or the arm.

membra (mem'-brah) [L.]. Plural of membrum.

membral (mem'-bral) [membrum, limb]. Per-
taining to a limb or member.

membrana (mem-bra' -nah) [L.; pi., membrance]. A
membrane, m. abdominis, the peritoneum, m. ad-
ventitia, the adventitia of blood-vessels; also, the de-
cidua reflexa. m. agnina, the amnion, m. basilaris.
See m. propria, m. caduca, the decidua. m. capsu-
laris, a capsular ligament, m. decidua. See decidua.
m. eboris, the cellular covering of tooth pulp. m.
elastica laryngis, the cricothyroid membrane with
the membrana quadrangularis. m. flaccida. See
ShrapnelV s membrane, m. germinativa, the blasto-

derm, m. granulosa, the layer of small polyhedral
cells within the theca folliculi of the Graafian follicle.
m. limitans, the limiting layer of the retina. There
are two — the internal and the external. See limiting
membrane, m. propria, the delicate membrane upon
which the epithelium of mucous membranes rests;
the basement-membrane, m. quadrangularis, one
of the elastic membranes of the larynx, m. reuniens,
the fused somatopleuric layers between the recti
abdominis in the embryo, m. Ruyschiana, the
middle or capillary layer of the choroid, m. sacci-
formis, the synovial membrane of the inferior radi-
oulnar articulation, m. Schneideriana, the pituitary
membrane, m. serotina, the part of the decidua
entering into the formation of the placenta, m.
tectoria, a delicate membrane of the internal ear.
Syn., Corti's membrane. See under ear. m. tensa,
the tympanic membrane proper, exclusive of Shrap-
nell's membrane, m. tenuis, the arachnoid, m.
tympani. See membrane, tympanic, m. vestibularis.
See Reissner's membrane, m. vibrans. Same as m.
tensa.

membranaceous (mem-bran-a'-ce-us) [membrum,
member]. Pertining to, consisting of, or of the
nature of, a membrane.

membrane (mem'-bran) [membrana, from membrum,
member]. A thin layer of tissue surrounding a
part or separating adjacent cavities, m., animal,
a membrane made from animal tissues, used in di-
alyzing. m., basement-, a delicate membrane, made
up of flattened cells, underlying the epithelium of
mucous surfaces, m. basilar. See basilar, m.-
bone, any bone that originates, not in cartilage, but
in membrane, as some of the cranial bones, m. of
Bruch. See Britch's membrane, m. Cargile's. See
Cargile's membrane, m., cell, the cell wall, m.,
cloacal, the ventral wall of the cloaca of the embryo,
m., compound, one made up of two distinct lamina?,
as seromucous and serofibrous membranes, m. of
Corti. See membrana tectoria. m., costocoracoid,
a dense layer of fascia extending between the sub-
clavius muscle and the pectoralis minor, and forming
the anterior portion of the sheath of the axillary
vessels, m., cricothyroid, the membrane connecting
the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx, m.,
croupous, the yellowish-white membrane forming in
the larynx in croup, m., Debove's. See Debove's
membrane. m. of Descemet. See Descemet's
membrane, m., diphtheritic, a fibrinous layer
formed on a mucous membrane or cutaneous surface
and extending downward for a variable depth.
It is the result of coagulation-necrosis, generally
brought about by the bacillus of diphtheria, m.,
drum-, the tympanic membrane, m., elastic, one
composed of elastic fibrous tissue, m., false. See
m., diphtheritic, m., fenestrated, the elastic mem-
brane of the intima of arteries. Syn., fenestrated
membrane of Henle. m., fetal, a name given to the
chorion, amnion, or allantois. m., germinal, the
blastoderm, m. hyaline, (1) basement membrane;
(2) the membrane between the inner fibrous layer of a
hair follicle and its outer root-sheath, m., hyaloid,
a delicate membrane investing the vitreous humor
of the eye. m., intrachoroidal, an ependymal mem-
brane below the choroidal fissure in the embryo.
m., Jacob's. See Jacob's membrane, m., Krause's.
See Krause's membrane, m., limiting. See limiting
membrane, m., meconic, a layer within the rectum
of the fetus, supposed to invest the meconium, m.,
medullary. Same as endosteum. m., mucous, the
membrane lining those cavities and canals com-
municating with the air. It is kept moist by the
mucus secreted by the goblet-cells and mucous
glands, m. of Nasmyth. See Nasmyth's membrane.
m., nictitating, the winking membrane of the lower
animals, represented in the human eye by the plica
semilunaris, m., obturator, the fibrous membrane
closing the obturator foramen, m., otolith, membrane
formed of otoliths and a mesh-work of fibrous tissue
in the utricle and saccule, m., palatine, the mem-
brane covering the roof of the mouth, m., persistent
pupillary. See m., pupillary, m., periodontal, a
fibrous layer covering the cement of teeth, m.,
pseudoserous, one presenting the moist, glistening
surface, etc., of a serous membrane, but differing
from it in structure; e. g., the endothelium of the
blood-vessels, m., pupillary, a delicate, transparent
membrane closing the pupil in the fetus. It disap-
pears between the seventh and eighth months; when
it persists after birth it is termed persistent pupillary

MEMBRANIFEROUS

545

MENINGITIS

membrane, m., pyogenic, the lining of an abscess-
cavity or a fistulous tract. The term should be
restricted to the lining of an abscess that is spreading
and in which the membrane produces pus. m.,
pyophylactic, a protective membrane lining an
abscess cavity, m. of Reissner. See Reissner's
membrane, m., reticular, the membrane covering
the space of the outer hair-cells of the cochlea.
m. of Ruysch. See Ruysch's membrane. m.,
Schneiderian, the mucosa lining the nasal fossa?.
m., secondary tympanic, the membrane closing the
fenestra rotunda, m., serous, a delicate membrane
covered with flat endothelial cells lining closed
cavities of the body, e. g., the peritoneum and the
pleura, m., Shrapnell's. See Shrapnell's membrane.
m., sutural, fibrous tissue passing through the
sutures of the cranium between the periosteum and
the external layer of the dura, m., synovial, a
membrane co'jsering the articular extremities of bones
and the inner surface of ligaments entering into the
formation of a joint, m., Tenon's. See Tenon's
capsule, m., thyrohyoid, the membrane joining
the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, m., tympanic,
the drum-membrane; the membrane separating the
external from the middle ear. It consists of three
layers : an outer or skin layer, a fibrous layer, and an
inner mucous layer, m., vitelline, the true cell-mem-
brane of the ovum, lying within the zona pellucida.

membranif erous (mem-bran-if '-er-us) [membrane ;
erre, to bear]. Having a membranous expansion.

membranif orm (mem-bran'-if-orm). See mem-
branous.

membranins, membranin bodies (mem'-bran-inz).
A special group of proteins containing sulphur,
which blackens lead; insoluble in water, salt solution,
or dilute acids or alkalies, but soluble in the last two
with warmth. Like mucins, they yield a reducing
substance by action of dilute mineral acids with
heat. They give a beautiful red coloration with
Millon's reagent. Membranins constitute the sub-
stance of Descemet's membrane and of the capsule
of the crystalline lens.

membranocarneous (mem-bra-no-kar'-ne-us) [mem-
brane; carneus, belonging to flesh]. Both membran-
ous and fleshy.

membranocartilaginous (mem-bra-no-kar-til-aj'-
in-us). Both cartilaginous and fleshy.

membranocranium (mem-bran-o-kra'-ne-um) [mem-
brana, membrane; apaviov, skull]. The membranous
skull of the fetus, prior to ossification.

membranoid (mem'-bran-oid) [membrana, mem-
brane; ddos, like]. Resembling membrane.

membranous (mem'-bran-us). Pertaining to,
having the nature of, or consisting of, a membrane.
m. labyrinth. See labyrinth, membranous. m.
urethra, the part of the urethra between the two
layers of the triangular ligament.

membrum (mem' -brum) [L.: pi., membra]. Same
as member, m. muliebre, the clitoris, m. seminale,
m. virile, the penis.

memory (mem'-o-re) [memor, mindful]. That
faculty of the mind by which ideas and sensations
are recalled, m. anterograde (an'-ter-o-grad). Mem-
ory for events long past but amnesia in regard to
recent occurrences.

menacme (men-ak'-me) [p.i)v, month; ducpri, prime].
The period of a woman's life during which menstru-
ation persists.

menagogue (men'-ag-og). Synonym of emmena-
gogue.

menarche (men-ar'-ke) [fir)i>, month; &pxrj, be-
ginning]. The period at which menstruation is
inaugurated.

Mendel's law (men'-dl) [Johann Gregor Mendel,
Austrian naturalist, 1822-1884]. A first cross will
result in offspring resembling one or the other parent,
and possessing in an undeveloped form, termed "re-
cessive," the attributes of the other. The second
cross will result in fixed types possessing respectively
the character of one parent, "dominant," and of
both parents in varying degrees.

Mendeleeff's law (men-del' -yef) [Dimitrii Ivano-
vich Mendeleeff, Russian chemist, 1834-1907]. The
properties of an element are a periodical function
of its atomic weight. Also called periodic law.

Mendelism (men' -del-izm) . The theory proposed
by Mendel and comprised in his law of dichotomy
in plant hybridization. See Mendel's law.

mendosus (men-do' -sus) [mendax, false]. False;
incomplete.
19

menelcosis (men-el-ko'-sis) [fj.ijves, menses; IXkwo-is,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the leg, with vicarious
menstruation from the sore.

menellipsis (men-el-ip'-sis) [fifjves, menses; eXXei^w,
a falling off]. Menopause.

menhidrosis, menidrosis (men-hid-ro'-sis, men-id-
ro'-sis) [n-qv, month; tdpuvis, sweat]. The replace-
ment of the menstrual flow by a bloody sweat.

Meniere's disease (men-e-ar') [Prosper Meniere,
French physician, 1799-1862]. Aural vertigo. A
disease of the middle ear characterized by sudden
deafness and symptoms of apoplexy. Its cause is
thought to be effusion or hemorrhage into the semi-
circular canals of the ear.

meningarthrocace (men-in-gar-throk'-as-e) [/^tyf,
membrane; apdpov, joint; k<j.k6s, evil]. Inflammation
of joint-membranes.

meningeal (men-in'-je-al) [meninges]. Pertaining
to the meninges.

meningematoma (men-in-je-mat-o'-mah) . Hema-
toma of the dura.

meningeocortical (men-in-je-o-kor'-tik-al). Relat-
ing to the meninges and the cortex of the brain.

meningeorrhaphy (me-nin-je-or'-af-e) [meninges ;
pa<pri, suture]. 1. Suture of membranes. 2. Suture
of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord.

meninges (men-in'-jez) [Plural of meninx, q. v.].
A name applied to the membranes of the brain and
spinal cord; the dura, pia, and arachnoid, m.,
lepto-, the pia and arachnoid.

meninghematoma (men-ing-he-mat-o'-mah). See
meningematoma.

meningina (men-in-ji'-nah) [p.rjviy%, membrane].
The pia and arachnoid considered as the proper
meninges, and apart from the dura; the pia-arach-
noid.

meningism (men'-in-jizm) [meninges]. 1. Simple
circulatory disturbances of the meninges, of toxic or
hysterical origin. 2. Pseudomeningitis accompanied
by symptoms similar to those of tuberculous menin-
gitis.

meningitic (men-in-jit'-ik) [meningitis]. Per-
taining to, or affected with, meningitis, m. streak.
See tache meningeale.

meningitiform (men-in-jit'-e-form) [meningitis;
forma, form]. Resembling meningitis.

meningitis (men-in-ji'-tis) [meninges; ms, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the membranes of the
brain or cord; that of the dura is termed pachy-
meningitis; that of the pia-arachnoid, leptomeningitis,
or simply meningitis. Meningitis of the membranes
of the brain is classified into acute and chronic, the
former being subdivided into serous and purulent,
the latter into fibrous, ossifying, and deep, or en-
cephalomeningitis. According to location, two vari-
eties are spoken of — that of the vertex and that of
the base, m., acute cerebral, that due to traumatism,
to extension of inflammation from adjacent struc-
tures, especially from the middle ear, the orbit, the
nasal sinuses, or to tuberculosis (tuberculous men-
ingitis); it may be secondary to acute infectious
processes elsewhere in the body, as pneumonia,
erysipelas, typhoid fever, influenza, smallpox, or it
may be a primary disease, as in cerebrospinal menin-
gitis, m., acute spinal, a form that may occur in
tuberculosis, as a secondary process in acute infec-
tious diseases, such as smallpox, scarlatina, pneu-
monia, as a part of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,
as' the result of extension of inflammation from
neighboring parts, and as the result of exposure to
cold and wet. The symptoms are chill, fever,
pain in the back and limbs, rigidity of the muscles,
dyspnea, exaggerated reflexes, later paralyses, m.,
cerebrospinal, inflammation of the membranes of the
brain and spinal cord. The symptoms are fever,
slow pulse, later rapid pulse, headache, delirium,
rigidity and retraction of the neck, convulsions,
vomiting, a scaphoid abdomen, constipation, optic
neuritis; in advanced stages various palsies occur,
such as ptosis, squint, and facial paralysis. In
epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis there is usually a
characteristic eruption. See under exanthem. m.,
chronic cerebral, a form due to syphilis or tubercu-
losis, or it may be associated with disease of the brain
in encephalomeningitis (paretic dementia). The
main symptoms are, in the first two, headache,
convulsions, and rigidity of the muscles of the neck,
m., chronic spinal, a variety due to syphilis, trauma-
tism, and the excessive use of alcohol. It is also
frequently an accompaniment of the scleroses of the

MENINGITOPHOBIA

546

MENTAL

spinal cord. The symptoms are pain, hyperesthesia
along the spinal nerves, increased reflexes, paralyses.
m., focal, that confined to a very limited area and
usually due to traumatism or syphilis, m., mechani-
cal, that due to traumatism, m., occlusive, infantile
leptomeningitis leading to the occlusion of the fora-
men of Magendie. m., otitic, that complicating an
attack of otitis, m., septicemic, that due to an
infectious process, m., tuberculous, inflammation
of the pia of the brain with effusion of lymph and
pus; acute hydrops.

meningitophobia (men-in-jit-o-fo'-be-ah) [menin-
gitis; <t>6fios, fear]. A pseudomeningitis due to fear
of that disease.

meningium (men-in'-je-um). See arachnoid.

meningo- (men-in-go-) [meninges]. A prefix mean-
ing relating to the meninges.

meningobacterin (men-in-go-bak'-ter-in). Trade
name of a vaccine for use in the prophylaxis of
cerebrospinal meningitis.

meningocele (men-in'-go-sel) [meningo-; K17X17,
hernia]. A protrusion of the cerebral or spinal
meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral
column. It forms a cyst filled with cerebrospinal
fluid.

meningocephalitis (men-in-go-sef-al-i'-tis). See
meningoencephalitis.

meningocerebritis (men-in-go-ser-e-bri'-tis). See
meningoencephalitis.

meningococcus (men-in-go-kok'-us) [meningo-; coc-
cus]. A name for the coccus of cerebro-spinal fever.
See micrococcus inter cellular is meningitidis.

meningocortical (men-in-go-kor'-tik-al). Relating
to the meninges and the cortex.

meningoencephalitis (men-in-go-en-sef-al-i'-tis) .
Inflammation of the brain and its membranes.

meningoencephalocele (men-in-go-en-sef '-al-o-sel)
[meningo-; kyKk<pa\ov, brain; K17X77, hernia]. Hernia
of the brain and its meninges.

meningo-encephalomyelitis (men-in-go-en-sef-al-o-
mi-el-i'-tis). Combined inflammation of the menin-
ges, brain, and spinal cord.

meningomalacia (men-in-go-mal-a'-se-ah) [men-
ingo-; jtxaXa/a'a, softness]. A softening of the cerebral
or spinal meninges, or other membranes.

meningomyelitis (men-in-go-mi-el-i'-tis). Inflam-
mation of the spinal cord and its meninges.

meningomyelocele (men-in-go-mi' -el-o-sel) . A pro-
trusion from the spinal column of a portion of the
cord and membranes.

meningo-osteophlebitis (men-in-go-os-te-o-fleb-i'-tis)
[meningo-; barkov, bone; phlebitis]. Periostitis com-
bined with phlebitis of the veins of the bone.

meningorrhachidian (men-in-go-rak-id'-e-an) [men-
ingo-; pdxw. spine]. Relating to the spinal men-
inges.

meningorrhea, meningorrhoea (men-in-gor-e'-ah)
[meningo-; bola, a flow]. Meningeal hemorrhage, or
extravasation of blood.

meningorrhagia (men-in-gor-a' -je-ah) [meningo- ;
b-qyvbvai, to burst forth]. Meningeal hemorrhage.

meningosis (men-in-go' -sis) [meninges]. The
union of bones by a membranous attachment.

meningotyphoid (men-in-go-ti'-foid). Typhoid with
symptoms of meningitis.

meninguria (men-in-gu' '-re-ah) [nyviyZ, membrane;
ovpov, urine]. The passage or presence of mem-
branous shreds in the urine.

meninx (men'-ingks) [tivviyZ, membrane; pi.,
meninges]. A membrane, especially one of the
brain or spinal cord ; the meninges covering the brain
and spinal cord consist of the dura, pia, and arach-
noid.

menischesis (men-is' -ke-sis). See ischomenia.

meniscitis (men-is-i'-tis) [nrjviaKos, crescent; iris,
inflammation]. An inflammation of any interarticu-
lar cartilage, especially of the semilunar cartilages of
the knee-joint.

meniscoid (men-is' -koid) [/i^iV/cos, crescent; eI5os,
like]. Resembling a meniscus; crescent-shaped.

meniscus (men-is'-kus) [wviaicos, a crescent]. A
crescent or crescentic body, especially an inter-
articular fibrocartilage. Also a concavoconvex
(positive meniscus) or convexoconcave lens (negative
meniscus), m. lateralis, the external semilunar
fibrocartilage of the knee-joint, m. medialis, the
internal semilunar fibrocartilage of the knee-joint.
m., tactile, a form of nerve-ending with a concave
surface turned ectad, each concavity containing a
tactile cell.

menispermin (men-is-per'-min). A resinoid ob-
tained from Menispermum canadense; dose about 2 gr.
(0.125 Gm.).

menispermum (men-is-per'-mum) [nyvr), moon;
a-rrkpfxa, seed]. Yellow parilla; Canadian moonseed.
The rhizome and roots of M. canadense, of the order
Menispermacece. It is alterative and is used as a
substitute for sarsaparilla.

meno- (men-o-) [menses]. A prefix meaning
relating to the menses.

menocelis (men-o-se' -lis) [meno-; kijXis, spot].
Dark erythematous or hemorrhagic spots occurring
upon the skin in failure of menstruation.

menolipsis (men-o-lip'-sis) [meno-; Xetyis, an
omission]. The retention or absence of the menses.

menometastasis (men-o-met-as' -tas-is) [meno-; met-
astasis]. Vicarious menstruation.

menopad (men'-o-pad) [meno-]. A pad for catching
the menstrual blood. ^

menopause (men'-o-pawz) [meno-; wav&is, cessa-
tion]. The physiological cessation of menstruation,
usually occurring between the forty-fifth and fiftieth
years. Syn., climacteric.

menophania (men-o-fa'-ne-ah) [meno-; 4>aLveiv,
to appear]. The first appearance of the menses.

menoplania (men-o-pla'-ne-ah) [meno-; ir\6.vq,
deviation]. A discharge of blood occurring at the
menstrual period, but derived from some other part
of the body than the uterus.

menorrhagia (men-or-a'-je-ah) [meno-; fayvvvai,
to burst forth]. An excessive menstrual flow.

menorrhea, menorrhoea (men-or-e'-ah) [meno-;
bola, a flow]. The normal flow of the menses; also,
excessive menstruation.

menoschesis (men-os'-kes-is) [meno-; o-x«ns, re-
tention]. Retention of the menses.

menosepsis (men-o-sep'-sis) [meno-; o-^is, putrid-
ity]. A putrid quality of the menses.

menostasia, menostasis (men-os-ta'-ze-ah, men-os'-
tas-is) [meno-; araais, standing]. A suppression of
the menstrual flow.

menoxenia (men-oks-e'-ne-ah) [meno-; Jew, strange,
foreign]. Irregularity of menstruation; vicarious
menstruation.

mens (menz) [L.: gen., mentis]. Mind. Compos
mentis, of sound mind. Non compos mentis, of
unsound mind.

mensa (men'-sah) [L.]. A table; the upper surface
of the molars.

mensalis (men-sa'-lis) . See trapezius under muscle.

menses (men'-sez) [mensis, a month]. The re-
current monthly discharge of blood from the genital
canal of a woman during sexual life.

menstrua (men'-stroo-ah) [L.: pi., of menstruus,
monthly]. 1. The menses. 2. Plural of menstruum,
q. v. m. alba. Synonym of leukorrhea.

menstrual (men' -stroo-al) [see menstruation]. Per-
taining to menstruation, m. colic, uterine colic
due to menstruation.

menstruant (men'-stroo-ant) [menstruus, monthly].
1. Subject to, or capable of, menstruating. 2. One
who menstruates, or is capable of menstruating.

menstruate (men' -stroo-at) [menstruare; from men-
struus, monthly]. To discharge the menstrual
flow.

menstruation (men-stroo-a'-shun) [menstruus,
monthly, from mensis, a month]. A periodic dis-
charge of a sanguineous fluid from the uterus, oc-
curring during the period of a woman's sexual ac-
tivity, from puberty to the menopause, m. supple-
mentary, a menstrual flow from the uterus and also
from some other site. m. suppressed, a form of
amenorrhea in which the patient has formerly men-
struated, but menstruation now fails to appear, m.,
vicarious, the discharge of blood at the time of
menstruation from some organ or part other than
the vagina.

menstruous (men'-stroo-us) [menstruus, monthly].
Having, or pertaining to, the monthly flow.

menstruum (men'-stroo-um) [menstruus], A solvent.

mensuration (men-su-ra'-shun) [mensurare, to
measure]. The act of measuring; one of the methods
of physical diagnosis.

mentagra (men-ta'-grah). See sycosis.

mentagrophyton (men-tag-rof -it-on) [mentagra, sy-
cosis; <t>vrbv, a plant]. A fungus, Microsporon
mentagrophytes, thought to be the cause of sycosis.

mental (men'-tal) 1. [mens, the mind]. Pertaining
to the mind. 2. [mentum, the chin.] Pertaining to
the chin.

MENTALIS

547

MERCURY

mentalis (men-ta'-lis). The levator labii inferioris.
See muscles, table of.

mentality (men-taV -it-e) [mens, mind]. Mental
activity and power; intellect.

Mentha (men'-thah) [L.]. A genus of labiate
plants — the mints. M. piperita (U. S. P.), pepper-
mint, the dried leaves and flowering tops of M.
piperita. It is an aromatic stimulant, and is used to
relieve nausea, flatulence, and spasmodic pain in the
stomach and bowel, menthse piperitae, aqua (U.
S. P.), peppermint water. Dose indefinite, menthae
piperita, oleum (U. S. P.), oil of peppermint. Dose
1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). menthae piperitae,
spiritus (U. S. P.), spirit of peppermint. Dose 10-
30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). m. pulegium, pennyroyal.
m. viridis (U. S. P.), spearmint, the dried leaves and
flowering tops of M. spicata. Its properties and
uses are similar to those of M. piperita, menthae
viridis, aqua (U. S. P.), spearmint water. Dose
indefinite, menthae viridis, oleum (U. S. P.),xoil of
spearmint. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). menthae
viridis, spiritus (U. S. P.), spirit of spearmint.
Dose 10-40 min. (0.65-2.3 Cc).

menthene (men'-then) [mentha], CioHis. A liquid
hydrocarbon produced when menthol is distilled
with phosphorus pentoxide.

menthiodol (men-thi'-o-dol). A local application
for neuralgia made by triturating together four
parts of menthol heated in a capsule with one part
of iodine.

menthoform (men'-tho-form). A combination of
formaldehyde, glycerol, and menthol.

menthol (men'-thol) [mentha], C10H19OH. A crys-
talline stearopten derived from oil of peppermint,
and used as an anodyne and rubefacient in neuralgia,
in skin diseases associated with itching, and in rhinitis.
Syn., mint-camphor, m. valerate, validol.

mentholeate (men-tho' -le-at) . A solution used in
skin diseases, consisting of menthol, 200 gr., heated
with oleic acid, 4 dr.

mentholin (men' -thol-in) . A proprietary remedy
for coryza said to consist of menthol, 1 part; pul-
verized coffee and boric acid, each, 10 parts.

mentholyptine (men-thol-ip' -ten) . A proprietary
external antiseptic said to consist of menthol and
eucalyptol.

menthophenol (men-tho-fe'-nol). An antiseptic
fluid obtained by fusing together one part of phenol
and three parts of menthol. It is used in the treat-
ment of burns and wounds, and diluted (15 drops to
a glass of water) as a mouth-wash; also as a local
anesthetic (3 to 5 % in warm water).

menthorol (men'-thor-ol). A mixture of para-
chlorphenol and menthol used in tuberculosis of
upper air-passages.

menthoxol (men-thoks'-ol). An antiseptic fluid
mixture of 3 % solution of hydrogen dioxide, 32 to
38 % alcohol, and 1 % menthol. It is innocuous and
deodorizing, and is used in suppurating wounds,
ozena, etc.

menthyl (men'-thil), C10H19. The hypothetical
radical of menthol. m. acetoacetate, CHaC(OH):
CH . COOC10H19, a bactericide.

mentoanterior (men-to-an-te'-re-or) [mentum; an-
terior, before]. Having the chin toward the front.

mentobregmatic (men-to-breg-mat'-ik) [mentum ;
bregma]. Extending from the chin to the bregma.

mentohyoid (men-to-hi'-oid) [mentum; hyoid].
Relating to the chin and the hyoid bone.

mentolabial (men-to-la'-be-al) [mentum, labium,
lip]. Relating both to the chin and the lip.

mentoposterior (men-to-pos-te' -re-or) [mentum ; poste-
rior, after; behind]. Having the chin toward the back.

mentula (men'-tu-lah) [L.]. The penis.

mentulagra (men-tu-la'-grah) [mentula, penis;
d7pa, seizure]. p Painful priapism; chordee.

mentulomania (men-tu-lo-ma '-ne-ah) . Synonym
of masturbation.

mentum (men'-tum) [L.]. The chin.

Menyanthes (men-e-an'-thez) [p.rjv, month; avdos,
flower, from its reputed emmenagogue properties].
A genus of plants of the Gentianece. M. trifoliata,
or buckbean, contains a bitter principle, menyanthin
(C33H50O14), and has been used in malaria, scrofula,
dropsy, jaundice, rheumatism, etc. Dose of the
powdered leaves 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.).

Menzer's serum (ment'-ser) [Arthur August
Ludwig Menzer, German bacteriologist, 1871- ].
An antirheumatic serum prepared from strepto-
coccus strains derived from rheumatic patients.

mephitic (mef-it'-ik) [mephiticus, pestilential].
Foul or noxious; stifling; noisome, m. air, carbon
dioxide, m. gangrene, necrosis of bone associated
with the evolution of offensive odors, m. gas, carbon
dioxide.

meralgia (me-ral'-je-ah) [p.rjp6s, thigh; SXyos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the thigh, m. paraesthetica. See
Bernhardt' s paresthesia.

meramaurosis (mer-am-aw-ro'-sis) [pkpos, part;
&navp6et.i>, to darken]. Partial amaurosis.

meranesthesia (mer-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [p.epos, part;
anesthesia]. Partial or local anesthesia.

meratrophy (mer-at'-ro-fe) [pkpos, part; &rpo<pia,
want of nourishment]. 1. Partial atrophy. 2.
Atrophy of a limb.

mercaptal (mer-kap'-tal) [mercury; captans, seiz-
ing]. A thioacetal; a product of the union of a
mercaptan and an aldehyde.

mercaptan (mer-kap'-tan) [mercurius, mercury;
captans, seizing, on account of combining readily
with mercury]. A derivative of an alcohol in which
the oxygen of the latter is replaced by sulphur.

mercauro (mer-kaw'-ro). A proprietary alterative
compound of an equal amount of the bromides of
gold, arsenic, and mercury; it is used in syphilis and
scrofula. Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc.) 3 times daily
after meals.

Mercier's bar (mer-se-a') [Louis Auguste Mercier,
French urologist, 1811-1882]. The transverse curved
ridge joining the openings of the ureters on the inner
surface of the bladder; it forms the posterior boundary
of the trigonum vesicae. Syn., bar of the bladder;
interureteric bar; plica ureterica. M.'s valve, a
valvular projection that may be formed at the vesi-
courethral orifice by the hypertrophied internal
sphincter vesicae.

mercolint (mer'-ko-lint). A proprietary article
consisting of canton flannel impregnated with metallic
mercury very finely divided.

mercuralgam (mer-ku-raV -gam) . An amalgam of
mercury, aluminum, and magnesium. It is used as
a substitute for mercurial ointment.

mercurette (mer-ku-ref) Trade name of a solid
preparation consisting of 30 grains of mercury in
cacoa butter; used for inunction in cases of syphilis.

mercurial (mer-ku' -re-al) [mercury]. 1. Pertaining
to or caused by mercury. 2. Any preparation of
mercury or its salts, m. ointment (unguentum
hydrargyri, U. S. P.), a salve containing mercury,
oleate of mercury, suet, and benzoinated lard. m.
palsy, m. tremor, paralysis or an involuntary spas-
modic twitching of the voluntary muscles as a result
of mercurial intoxication, and intensified on volun-
tary motion, m. plaster. See mercury plaster.
m. rash, an eczema from the use of mercury.

mercurialism (mer-ku' -re-al-izm) [mercury]. Pois-
oning due to absorption of mercury.

mercurialization (mer-ku-re-al-iz-a'-shun) [mer-
cury]. The act of bringing under the influence of
mercury.

mercuriate (mer-ku' -re-at). A salt of mercury.

mercuric (mer-ku' -rik) [mercury]. Pertaining to
mercury as a bivalent element, m. chloride. See
mercury bichloride.

mercuricum (mer-ku' -rik-um) [mercury]. Mercury
when acting as a bivalent radical.

Mercurio's position (mer-ku' -re-o) [Geronimo
Scipione Mer curio, Italian obstetrician, 1 550-1595].
Same as Walcher's position, q. v.

mercuriol (mer-ku' -re-ol) . See mercuralgam.

mercurius (mer-ku' -re-us) [see mercury], m.
corrosivus, corrosive sublimate, m. dulcis, calomel.

mercuroiodohemol (mer-ku-ro-i-o-do-hem'-ol). A
combination of hemol, metallic mercury, and iodine;
it is used in syphilis.

mercurol (mer'-ku-rol). A compound of nucleic
acid and mercury (10 %). It is used in chronic
ulcers in 2 to 5 % solution; in gonorrhea 0.5 to 2 %
injection; in syphilis internally. Dose f-i£ gr.
(0.05-0.1 Gm.) twice daily. Syn., mercury nucleid.

mercuroseptol (mer-ku-ro-sep'-tol). See mercury
quinoseptolate.

mercurosum (mer-ku-ro'-sum) [mercury]. Mercury
when acting as a univalent radical.

mercurous (mer'-ku-rus) [mercury]. Pertaining
to compounds that contain mercury as a univalent
radical, m. chloride, calomel. See mercury sub-
chloride.

mercury (mer'-ku-re) [Mercurius, a Latin divinity,
the god of traffic]. Symbol Hg; atomic weight

MERCURY

548

MERCURY

200; quantivalence II. Hydrargyrum. A shining,
silver-white, liquid, volatile metal, having a specific
gravity of I3-55- It is insoluble in the ordinary
solvents, in hydrochloric acid, and in sulphuric acid
in the cold; it dissolves in the last when boiled with it,
and is readily soluble in nitric acid. It boils at
357-25° C, and solidifies at — 39-4° C. Mercury is
found pure, but is chiefly obtained as the native
sulphide, or cinnabar. It forms two classes of
compounds — the mercurous, those in which two
atoms of the metal, and the mercuric, those in which
one atom, is combined with a bivalent radical.
The mercuric salts are more soluble and more poison-
ous than the mercurous. The uses of mercury and
its salts are as follows: as a purgative and cholagogue
(calomel, blue-mass, mercury with chalk), as an
alterative in chronic inflammations, as an antisyphil-
itic, an antiphlogistic, an intestinal antiseptic, a
disinfectant, a parasiticide, a caustic, and an astrin-
gent. The absorption of mercury in sufficient quan-
tity causes poisoning, characterized by a coppery
taste in the mouth, ptyalism, loosening of the teeth,
sponginess of the gums; in severer cases, ulceration
of the cheeks, necrosis of the jaws, marked emaci-
ation; at times neuritis develops, and a peculiar tre-
mor. The soluble salts when taken in excess act
as intense gastrointestinal irritants, m. albuminate,
dry, a compound of albumin with 4 % of mercury
bichloride; a white powder, soluble in water with
turbidity. Triturated with milk-sugar it is used
as an antiseptic dressing for wounds, m. albuminate,
liquid, a slightly opalescent liquid containing 1 %
of mercury bichloride; it is used hypodermatically
in syphilis. Injection 8-15 min. (0.5-1.0 Cc).
m., ammoniated (hydrargyrum ammoniatum, U. S.
P.), NtkHgCl, white precipitate; mercuric am-
monium chloride; it is used chiefly locally, m.,
ammoniated, ointment of (unguentum hydrargyri
ammoniati, U. S. P.), an ointment made of ammoni-
ated mercury, white petrolatum, and hydrous wool-
fat, m. arsenate, 2Hg2HAs04+H20, used in
syphilis, m. and arsenic iodides, solution of (liquor
arseni et hydrargyri iodidi, U. S. P.), Donovan's
solution. Dose 5 min. (0.32 Cc). m. asparaginate,
Hg(C4H?N203)2, obtained from mercury oxide, and
a hot aqueous solution of asparagin; it is alterative
and antiseptic, and is used hypodermatically in
syphilis. Dose iV~! gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.) daily.
m. benzoate, HgtCeHsCOO^+HjO, used in in-
jection in gonorrhea, m. bichloride (hydrargyri
chloridum corrosivum, U. S. P.), HgCh, corrosive
sublimate. Dose as tonic T_hnti> gr. (0.0006-0.001 1
Gm.); as an antisyphilitic sV-sV gr. (0.001 1-0.003
Gm.). It is also a valuable antiseptic, m. bichloride,
peptonized. 1. A yellowish powder containing 10 %
of mercury bichloride, soluble in water. Dose
i-i§ gr. (0.032-0.1 Gm.). 2. A clear yellow liquid
■containing 1 % of mercury bichloride. Used hypo-
dermatically in syphilis. Dose 15 min. (1 Cc),
properly diluted, daily, m. biniodide (hydrargyri
iodidum rubrum, U. S. P.), Hgl2, red iodide of mer-
■cury. Dose ife-f gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). m. borate,
Hg2B407, a brown antiseptic powder used as a dust-
ing-powder and ointment (1 : 50) for wounds, m.
bromide, Hg2Br2, mercurous bromide. Dose 1 gr.
(0.065 Gm.) daily, m. bromide, mercuric, HgBr2.
alterative. Dose ig-\ gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). m,
bromide, mercurous, HgBr2, a white powder; altera-
tive and antiseptic. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) in
divided doses increasing gradually, m. carbolate,
Hg(C6H50)2. Dose |-| gr. (0.02-0.032 Gm.).
m. with chalk (hydrargyrum cum creta, U. S. P.),
gray powder. Dose 5 gr-§ dr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.).
m.-ethylenediamine citrate, a salt of mercury used in
3 : 1000 solution for disinfection of hands. Syn.,
mercuramin. m., extinguished, a trituration of
metallic mercury with some fatty substance until no
globules of the mercury can be discovered with a
magnifying-glass of low power, m. formamidate,
Hg(HCONH)2, a solution of formamide and mercury
oxide; each cubic centimeter corresponds to 0.0 1
Gm. of mercury bichloride. Injection in syphilis
16 min. (1 Cc.) daily, m. gallate, HgtCvHsOsH, a
greenish-black powder containing about 37 % of
mercury; alterative and antisyphilitic. Dose i|~3
gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.) daily in pills, m. iodate, Hg(I03)2,
used subcutaneously in syphilis. Dose | gr. (0.01
Gm.). m. iodotannate, used hypodermatically.
m. mass (massa hydrargyri, U. S. P.), blue-mass; blue
pill. Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). m., metallic, mercury

in its pure state, m. naphtholate, Hg(CioH70)2, a
lemon-colored antiseptic powder containing 30.8 %
of mercury. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). m. nitrate,
mercuric, Hg(N03)2, a white, deliquescent, poisonous
powder, soluble in water; alterative and antiseptic
Dose sVl gr. (0.001-0.008 Gm.). m. nitrate,
mercurous, normal, Hg2(NOs)2+2H20; antisyphilitic,
antiseptic, and caustic. Dose 3*5-4 gr. (0.002-0.016
Gm.); maximum dose £ gr. (0.016 Gm.), single;

I gr. (0.065 Gm.) daily, m. nitrate, ointment of
(unguentum hydrargyri nitratis, U. S. P.), citrine
ointment, is used in chronic skin diseases, m.
nitrate, solution of (liquor hydrargyri nitratis, U. S.
P.), contains about 60 % of mercury nitrate, m.
nucleid. See mercurol. m. ointment. See mercurial
ointment, m. ointment, dilute (unguentum hydrar-
gyri dilutum, U. S. P.), blue ointment, m., oleate of
(oleatum hydrargyri, U. S. P.), contains yellow
mercury oxide, oleic acid, and water, m. oxide, red
(hydrargyri oxidum rubrum, U. S. P.), HgO, red
precipitate, is used locally, m. oxide, red, ointment
of (unguentum hydrargyri oxidi rubri, U. S. P.),
ointment of red mercuric oxide, m. oxide, yellow
(hydrargyri oxidum flavum, U. S. P.), HgO, is used
locally in eye diseases, m. oxide, yellow, ointment
of (unguentum hydrargyri oxidi flavi, U. S. P.),
yellow mercuric oxide ointment, m. oxycyanide,
HgO . HgCy2, a white, antiseptic powder, soluble
in water; application for wounds and surgical opera-
tions, 0.6 % solution, m. paraphenylthionate, Cg-
H4 . OH . SOsHg, a stable crystalline, noncaustic
compound used as a substitute for corrosive subli-
mate. Syn., hydrargyrol. m. peptonate, used hypo-
dermatically. m. plaster (emplastrum hydrargyri,
U. S. P.), mercurial plaster, is used to disperse
indolent swellings, and is applied over the liver in
chronic hepatitis, m. protiodide (hydrargyri iodidum
flavum, U. S. P.), Hg2l2, yellow mercurous iodide.
Dose I gr. (0.033 Gm.) daily, m. quinoseptolate,
C9H5.N.OH.S03Hg-)-2NaCl, a compound of
quinosol and mercury with sodium chloride. It is
an odorless mass resembling the yolk of an egg,
which in water swells into a slimy mass. It is used
in syphilis. Syn., mercuroseptol. m. resorcinace-
tate, a yellow, crystalline powder, containing 68.9 %
of mercury; it is antisyphilitic. Dose for hypo-
dermatic use 3 min. (0.2 Cc) of a solution of 85 gr.
(5.6 Gm.) of the salt in 85 gr. (5.6 Gm.) of liquid
paraffin and 30 gr. (2 Gm.) anhydrous lanolin, once
a week. m. saccharate, a trituration of 1 part of
pure mercury and 1 or 2 parts of powdered sugar;
it is used as a vermifuge, m. salicylate. Dose £ gr.
(0.01 Gm.). m. silicofiuoride, Hg2SiF6-f-2H20,
prismatic crystals, soluble in water; it is used as a
wound antiseptic in solution of 1 : 1000 and as
ointment in 1 : 2000. m.-sozoiodol, m. sozoiodolate,
HgC6H2l20 . SO3, a fine powder obtained as a precipi-
tate from mixing aqueous solutions of sodium sozoi-
odol and mercury nitrate; it is soluble in 500 parts of
water and in solution of sodium chloride. It is
alterative and antiseptic and is used locally (oint-
ment 3 to 5 %) and subcutaneously in syphilis;
injection i£ gr. (0.08 Gm.) a dose in solution of
potassium iodide, m. subchloride (hydrargyri chlori-
dum mite, U. S. P.), HgiCb, mild mercurous chloride;
calomel. Dose as alterative |-i gr. (0.032-0.065
Gm.); as sedative to stomach and bowels §-£ gr.
(0.008-0.016 Gm.); as purgative \-% gr. (0.016-
0.032 Gm.) every hour; or 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.);
added to lime-water, 1 dr. to 1 pint, it forms lotio
nigra, or black-wash. m. subsulphate, Hg(HgO)2S04
basic mercuric sulphate; turpeth mineral. Dose as
an emetic 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). m. succinimide,
Hg(C4HtN02)2, soluble in 25 parts of water, slightly
soluble in alcohol; it is recommended as a hypo-
dermatic antisyphilitic (1.3 : 100). Dose | gr.
(0.013 Gm.). m. sulphide, red, cinnabar, vermilion,
is used only by fumigation, m. sulphoicnthyolicum,
Unna's mixture of sodium sulphoichthyolate, 10
parts, corrosive sublimate, 3 parts, m. suppositories
(suppositoria hydrargyri, B. P.), each contains 5 gr.
of mercurial ointment, m. tannate. Dose 3 gr.
(0.2 Gm.) dailv. m. thymolacetate, HgCioHi3-
O.C2H302-|-Hg(C2H302)2, used in tuberculosis,
syphilis, etc., by intramuscular injection. Dose

I I gr. (0.1 Gm.) every 3 to 5 days in liquid paraffin
or glycerol, m. thymolate, a basic salt variable in
its composition; it is used in syphilis as is mercury
thymolacetate. m. thymolsulphate, OoHisOHg2S04,
a white, insoluble powder. It is used hypoder-

MERD

549

MESENTERITIS

matically in syphilis. Dose ^-^ gr. (0.005-0.01
Gm.). m. tribromophenolacetate, employed sub-
cutaneously in syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. Dose
5 gr. (0.32 Gm.), dissolved in liquid paraffin once a
week. m. and zinc cyanide, Zn4Hg(CN)io, is used
locally as an antiseptic.

merd [merda, feces]. Feces, m. diaboli, asafetida.

meremphraxis (mer-em-fraks'-is) [jikpos, part;
en<ppa£is, stoppage]. Partial obstruction.

mergal (mer'-gal). Trade name of a mixture con-
sisting of albumin tannate and mercuric cholate.

meridian (mer-id'-e-an) [meridies, midday]. A
great circle surrounding a sphere and intersecting
the poles, m. of the eye, a line drawn around the
globe of the eye and passing through the poles of the
vertical axis (vertical meridian), or through the
poles of the transverse axis (horizontal meridian).

meridional (mer-id' -e-on-al) [meridies, midday].
Relating toa meridian.

meridrosis (mer-id-ro'-sis) [pepos, part; iSpws,
sweat]. Local perspiration.

merismopedia (mer-is-mo-pe'-de-ah) [pepto-pos, di-
vision; 7rcus, child]. A genus of bacteria multiplying
by two rectangular divisions, thus forming a tablet-
like group of four cells in one plane.

merispore (mer'-is-por) [nkpos, a part; o-iropa, seed].
A spore resulting from division of another spore.

merista (mer-is'-tah). See merismopedia.

meristem (mer'-is-tem) [pepto-ros, verbal adj. of
nepL?eiv, to divide]. In biology, the actively growing,
undifferentiated cell-tissue of the growing tips of
plants; the formative tissue of the cambium layer.

meristiform (mer-is'-te-form). Having the shape
of merismopedia; sarcinic.

Merkel's corpuscles (mer'-kel) [Karl Ludwig
Merkel, German anatomist, 1812-1876]. See Gran-
dry's corpuscles. M.'s line, an imaginary line
extending from the middle of the internal palpebral
ligament to the space between the last bicuspid and
first molar teeth, and indicating the course of the
lacrimal sac and nasal duct. M.'s muscle, the
keratocricoid muscle.

merlusan (mer'-lu-san). A mercury-albumen com-
pound, used in syphilis, and in gonorrhea.

mero- (me-ro-) [jikpos, a part]. A prefix meaning
part.

meroacrania (mer-o-ak-ra'-ne-ah) [mero-; a, neg.;
Kpaviov, skull]. Congenital absence of a part of the
cranium.

meroblast (mer'-o-blast) [pepos, a part; P\o.o-t6s,
a germ]. In embryology, an ovum that contains
beside the formative protoplasm or yolk, more of less
food-yolk or nutritive protoplasm.

meroblastic (mer-o-blas'-tik) [mero-; 0\cl<tt6s, a
germ]. Dividing only in part, as meroblastic ova,
those in which the process of segmentation is con-
fined to one portion of the ovum.

merocele (mer'-o-sel) [p.rip6s, thigh; /07X77, hernia].
Femoral hernia.

merocoxalgia (mer-o-koks-al'-je-ah) [pi/pos, thigh;
coxa, hip; &X70S, pain]. Pain affecting the thigh and
hip.

merocrania (mer-o-kra'-ne-ah) [mero-; Kpaviov,
the skull]. A condition of monstrosity marked by
absence of part of the skull.

merocrine (mer'-o-kren) [mero-; Kplveiv, to separate].
Applied to glands the cells of which, having elabor-
ated materials of secretion, evacuate them and
continue alternately to secrete and evacuate new
material. Cf. holocrine.

merodialysis (mer-o-di-al'-is-is) [mero-; SidXveus,
separation]. Partial decomposition.

merodiastolic (mer-o-di-as-tol'-ik) [mero-; diastole].
Relating to a part of the diastole.

merogastrula (mer-o-gas'-troo-lah) [mero-; yaa-T-qp,
belly: pi., merogastrula]. In biology, the gastrula
of a meroblastic ovum.

merogenesis (mer-o-jen'-es-is) [mero-; ykveais,
generation]. Reproduction by segmentation.

merology (mer-ol'-o-je) [mero-; \6yos, science].
General anatomy; the science of elementary tissues.

meropia (mer-o'-pe-ah) [mero-; «^, sight]. Partial
blindness; obscuration of vision.

merorrhachischisis (mer-or-rak-is'-kis-is) [mero-;
pdx«, the spine; o-xl<ns, fissure]. Partial rachischisis.

meros (me'-ros) [p.kpos, a part]. 1. A part. 2.
[pripbs, thigh]. The thigh or femur.

merosome (mer'-o-som) [mero-; o-a>p.a, body].
In biology, one of the serial parts of a segmented
organism ; a somite or metamere.

merosystolic (mer-o-sis-tol'-ik) [mero-; owtoXi^,
systole]. Relating to a part of the systole.

merotomy (mer-ot'-o-me) [mero-; Top.ii, a cutting].
The section of a living cell for the study of the
ulterior transformation of the segments; by extension
it is also applied to experimental division of amoeba?,
etc.

merozoite (mer-o-zo'-lt) [mero-; £2>ov, an animal].
Any one of the segments resulting from the splitting
up of the schizont in the asexual form of reproduction
of protozoa.

Merseburg triad (mers'-berg) [Merseburg, a town
in Germany]. The three classical symptoms of
exophthalmic goiter: the goiter, exophthalmos, and
rapid heart beat.

Merulius (mer-u'-le-us) [merus, bright, glistening].
A genus of fungi of the order Basidiomycetes. The
mycelium of M. lacrymans, causes dry rot in timber,
and diseases (sometimes fatal) of the respiratory
passages are attributed to the inhaled spores.

Mery's glands (ma-re') [Jean Mery, French anato-
mist, 1645-1722]. See Cowper's glands.

merycic (mer-is'-ik) [merycism]. Relating to
merycism; ruminating.

merycism (mer'-is-izm) [pripvKiapos, rumination].
Rumination; chewing the cud — a normal process in
the ruminating animals, and sometimes occurring in
man.

merycole (mer'-ik-6V) . An individual who practises
merycism.

me sad (mes'-ad) [p.eaos, middle; ad, to]. Toward
the median line or plane.

mesal (mes'-al) [p.i<ros, middle]. Pertaining to
or situated in the middle line or plane.

mesameboid (mes-am-e'-boid) [peaos, middle;
ameboid]. 1. A nonepithelial ameboid cell derived
from the mesoderm. 2. A leukocyte.

mesaortitis (mes-a-or-ti'-tis) [pecros, middle; aortitis].
Inflammation of the middle coat of the aorta.

mesaraic (mes-ar-a'-ik) [jxkaos, middle; dpcud, belly].
Mesenteric.^

mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-i'-tis) [pkaos, middle; arteri-
tis]. Inflammation of the middle coat of an artery.

mesaticephalic (mes-at-e-sef-al'-ik). With a ceph-
alic index between 75 and 79.

mesaticephalus (mes-at-e-sef -al-us) [peo-aros, medi-
an; Ke<t>a\ri, head]. In craniometry, a term applied
to a skull having a cephalic index of between 75
and 79-

mesatipelvic (mes-at-ip-el'-vik) [jiko-aros, median;
pelvis]. A term applied to a pelvis whose index
ranges between 900 and 95°.

mescal buttons. The dried tubercles from a species
of cactus, Anhalonium lewinii, capable of producing
inebriation and hallucinations.

mescaline (mes'-kal-en). An alkaloid from mescal
buttons.

mesembryo (mes-em'-bre-o) [meso-; embryo]. The
blastula stage of the ova of metazoans.

mesencephal (mes-en'-sef-al). Same as mesen-
cephalon.

mesencephalic (mes-en-sef-al'-ik) [meso- ; eyKe<pa\oi>,
the brain]. Relating to the mesencephalon.

mesencephalon (mes-en-sef'-al-on) \jxkaos, middle;
encephalon]. The midbrain; that part of the brain
developed from the middle cerebral vesicle; the
corpora quadrigemina, the crura cerebri, and the
aqueduct of Sylvius.

mesenchyma (mes-eng'-kim-ah) [pkaos, middle;
lyxvp-a, an infusion]. The portion of the mesoderm
that produces all the connective tissues of the body,
the blood-vessels, and the blood, the entire lymphatic
system proper, and the heart; the nonepithelial
portions of the mesoderm.

mesenna (mes-en'-ah) . The bark of the Abyssinian
tree Albizzia anthelmintic a ; it is said to be a powerful
teniafuge.

mesenteric (mes-en-ter'-ik) [mesentery]. Pertaining
to the mesentery.

mesentericomesocolic (mes-en-ter-ik-o-mes-o-koV-
ik). Relating to the mesentery and the mesocolon.

mesenteriolum (mes-en-ter-e-o'-lum) [dim. of mesen-
tery]. A little mesentery; especially the fold of
peritoneum that sometimes connects the vermiform
appendix with the mesentery.

mesenteritic (mes-en-ter-it'-ik) [mesentery; ins,
inflammation]. Pertaining to or affected with mes-
enteritis.

mesenteritis (mes-en-ter-i'-tis) [mesentery; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the mesentery.

MESENTERIUM

550

MESOPEXY

mesenterium (mes-en-ter'-e-um) [L.: pi., mesen-
terial. A mesentery.

mesenteroid (mes-en' -ter-oid) [mesentery; elSos, like].
Resembling the mesentery.

mesenteron (mes-en' -ter-on) [mesentery]. The
middle portion of the primitive digestive tube, lined
by entoderm, and giving rise to the part of the
alimentary tract between the pharynx and the lower
third of the rectum.

mesentery (mes'-en-ter-e) ukaos, middle; evrepov,
bowel]. A fold of the peritoneum that connects
the intestine with the posterior abdominal wall;
that of the small intestine is termed mesentery
proper; that of the colon, cecum, and rectum, meso-
colon, mesocecum, mesorectum, respectively.

mesentoderm, mesendoderm (mes-en'-to-derm, mes-
en' -do-derm) \meso-; kvrbs, within; Sepua, skin]. The
ental or entodermal division of the mesoderm; also,
the indifferent tissue from which both entoderm and
mesoderm are developed.

mesethmoid (mes-eth' -moid) [meso-; ethmoid].
The mesal element of the ethmoid bone, forming a
separate bone in some of the lower animals.

mesh. A network, as of vessels or nerves.

mesiad (mes'-e-ad). Same as mesad.

mesial (mes'-e-al). Same as mesal.

mesiobuccal (mes-e-o-buk'-al) [mesial; bucca,
cheek]. Pertaining to surfaces between the mesial
and buccal aspects of the teeth.

mesiolingual (mes-e-o-lin'-gwal) [mesial; lingua,
tongue]. Relating to surfaces between the mesial
and lingual aspects of the teeth.

mesion (mes'-e-on). See meson.

mesiris (mes-i'-ris) [meso-; iris]. The middle
layer of the iris, lying between the ectiris and the
entiris.

mesmeric (mes-mer'-ik) [mesmerism]. Pertaining
to or induced by mesmerism, as mesmeric sleep.

Mesmerism (mes'-mer-izm) [Friedrich Anton
Mesmer, German physician, 1734-1815]. Hypno-
tism.

meso- (mes-o-) [ukaos, middle]. A prefix signi-
fying middle or pertaining to the mesentery.

mesoappendix (mes-o-ap-en'-diks) [meso-; appen-
dix]. The mesentery of the vermiform appendix.

mesoarium (mes-o-a' -re-um) [meso-; coapiov, dim.
of u>ov, egg; pi., mesoaria]. In biology, that fold of
the peritoneum in certain animals (e. g., fishes)
which forms the mesentery of the ovary. See
mesovarium.

mesobacteria (mes-o-bak-te'-re-ak) . Medium-sized
bacteria.

mesoblast (mes'-o-blast) [meso-; pXaaros, a germ].
The middle layer of the blastoderm, probably derived
from both the ectoderm and the entoderm, and
giving rise to the vascular, muscular, and skeletal
systems, the generative glands, and the kidneys.

mesoblastic (mes-o-blas'-tik) [meso-; pXacrros,
sprout]. Pertaining to the mesoblast.

mesobronchitis (mes-o-bron-ki'-tis) [meso- ; Ppoyxos,
bronchus; it«, inflammation]. An inflammation of
the middle coat of the bronchial tubes.

mesocardia (mes-o-kar'-de-ah) [meso-; napbla.,
heart]. The position of the heart in the central and
anterior part of the chest, a situation that is normal
at an early stage of development.

mesocardium (mes-o-kar' -de-um) [meso-; Kap8ia,
heart]. A mesoblastic fold attached to the heart.

mesocecum, mesocaecum (meso-se'-kum) [meso-;
cecum]. The mesentery that in some cases connects
the cecum with the right iliac fossa.

mesocele (mes'-o-sel) [meso-; KoiXia, a cavity].
The aqueduct of Sylvius. Syn., iter a tertio ad
quartum ventriculum.

mesocephalon (mes-o-sef-al-on). See pons Varolii.

mesochoroidea (mes-o-ko-roid'-e-ah) [meso-; cho-
roid]. The middle coat of the choroid.

mesococcus (mes-o-kok'-us). A coccus inter-
mediate in size between a micrococcus and a mega-
coccus.

mesocolic (mes-o-kol'-ik) [mesocolon]. Pertaining
to the mesocolon, m. band, a longitudinal muscular
band corresponding to the insertion of the mesocolon.

mesocolon (mes-o-ko'-lon) [meso-; k6\ov, colon].
The mesentery connecting the colon with the pos-
terior abdominal wall. It is divided into ascending,
descending, and transverse portions.

mesocolopexy (mes-o-ko' '-lo-peks-e) [mesocolon ;
irvbs, fixation]. Same as mesocoloplication.

me socolo plication (mes-o-ko-lo-pli-ka' -shun) [meso-

colon; plication]. An operation for shortening the
mesocolon, which is accomplished by folding and
suturing it.

mesocord (mes'-o-kord) [meso-; chorda, cord].
An umbilical cord not inserted directly into the
placenta, but received into a fold of the amnion.

mesocornea (mes-o-kor'-ne-ah) [meso-; cornea].
The proper substance of the cornea lying between
the ectocornea and the entocornea.

mesocranium (mes-o-kra'-ne-um). The vertex of
the skull.

mesocuneiform (mes-o-ku'-ne-if-orm) [meso-; cunei-
form]. The middle cuneiform bone of the tarsus.

mesocyst (mes'-o-sist) [meso-; kvo-tls, bladder].
A double fold of peritoneum attaching the gall-
bladder to the liver.

mesoderm (mes'-o-derm). See mesoblast.

mesodiastolic (mes-o-di-as-tol'-ik) [meso-; diastole].
Occurring in the middle of the diastolic period.

mesodme (mes-od'-me). See mediastinum.

mesodmitis (mes-od-mi'-tis). See mediastinitis.

mesoduodenum (mes-o-du-o-de'-num) [meso-; duo-
denum]. That part of the mesentery that sometimes
connects the duodenum with the posterior wall of
the abdominal cavity. Normally, the true duodenum
has no mesentery, at least in its fully developed state.

mesoepididymis (mes-o-ep-id-id'-im-is) [meso-; epi-
didymis]. The fold of the tunica vaginalis attaching
the epididymis to the upper posterior part of the
testis.

mesogaster (mes-o-gas'-ter) [see mesogastrium].
The part of the primitive gut giving rise to the
duodenum, the liver, the pancreas, the jejunum, and
the ileum.

mesogastric (mes-o-gas'-lrik) [see mesogastrium].
Pertaining to the umbilical region.

mesogastrium (mes-o-gas'-tre-um) [meso-; yaarr\p,
stomach]. 1. The umbilical region of the abdomen.
2. A fold of mesentery that in early fetal life con-
nects the stomach with the posterior abdominal wall.

mesogluteus (mes-o-gloo-te'-us) [meso-; y\ovr6s, the
buttock]. The middle gluteal muscle.

mesognathic (mes-og-na'-thik) [see mesognathion].
1. Relating to the mesognathion. 2. See under
index, alveolar.

mesognathion (mes-og-na'-the-on) [meso-; yvados,
jaw]. The intermaxillary bone; a fetal bone lying
behind the fore part of the superior maxilla, with
which it becomes fused.

mesognathous (mes-og' -na-thus) [meso-; yvaBos,
jaw]. Having a gnathic index between 980 and 1030.

Mesogonimus (mes-o- gon'-im-us). A genus of
flukes, same as Paragonimus.

mesoileum (mes-o-iV -e-um) . The mesentery of
the ileum.

mesojejunum (mes-o-je-joo'-num). The mesentery
attached to the jejunum.

mesolepidoma (mes-o-lep-id-o'-mah). See under
lepidoma.

mesolobe, mesolobus (mes'-o-lob, mes-ol'-o-bus)
[meso-; Xo/36s, lobe]. The corpus callosum.

mesologic (mes-o-loj'-ik) [meso-; \6yos, science].
Pertaining to environment in its relation to life.

mesometritis (mes-o-me-tri'-tis) [meso-; fivrpa,
womb; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
parenchyma of the womb.

mesometrium (mes-o-me' '-tre-um) ' [meso- ; mrpa.,
womb]. The broad ligaments.

meson (mes'-on) [nko-os, the middle]. The im-
aginary plane dividing the body into the right and
left halves.

mesonasal (mes-o-na'-sal) [meso-; nasus, nose].
Pertaining to the median region of the nose.

mesonephric (mes-o-nef'-rik) [meso-; v&j>pbs, kid-
ney]. Pertaining to the mesonephron.

mesonephron, mesonephros (mes-o-nef'-ron, mes-
o-nef'-ros) [meso-; vt(j>pbs, kidney]. 1. The Wolffian
body, the middle division of the segmental organs.
It precedes in the embryo the development of the
permanent kidney. 2. A fold of peritoneum by
which a floating kidney is attached to the abdominal
wall.

mesoneuritis (mes-o-nu-ri'-tis) [meso-; neuritis].
Inflammation of the structures contained between a -
nerve and its sheath, m. nodular, a form in which
there are nodular thickenings on the nerve.

meso-omentum (mes-o-o-men'-tum). The mesentery
of the omentum.

mesopexy (mes'-o-peks-e) [meso-; tttj^is, a folding].
The operation of shortening an elongated mesentery.

MESOPHILIC

551

METACHYSIS

mesophilic (mes-o-fil'-ik) [meso-; <j>LXelv, to love].
Applied to microorganisms which develop best at
about body-temperature — 35°-38° C.

mesophlebion, mesophlebium (mes-o-fleb'-e-on, mes-
o-fleb'-e-um) [meso-; 4>X&p, vein], i. The middle
coat of a vein. 2. The space between two veins.

mesophlebitis (mes-o-fle-bi'-tis) [meso-; <j>Xbp,
vein; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mid-
dle coat of a vein, or mesophlebion.

mesophryon (mes-of'-re-on) [meso-; 6<i>pvs, eye-
brow]. The glabella.

mesopleura {mes-o-ploo'-rah) [meso-; irXevpa, rib].
An intercostal space.

mesopneumon (mes-o-nu'-mon) [meso-; irvevyMv,
lung]. The fold of the pleura attached to the lung.

mesopsyche (mes-op-si'-ke) [meso-; ij/vxv, soul].
Haeckel's term for the mesencephalon.

mesorchium (mes-or'-ke-um) [meso-; opx^, testicle].
A fold of the peritoneum containing the fetal testes
at about the fifth month of embryonic life.

mesorectum (mes-o-rek'-tum) [meso-; rectum]. The
narrow fold of the peritoneum connecting the upper
part of the rectum with the sacrum.

mesoretina (mes-o-ret'-in-ah) [meso-; retina]. The
middle layer of the retina, composed of the nuclear
and the rod-and-cone layer.

mesoropter (mes-o-rop'-ter) [meso-; 6pos, boundary;
ottttip, one who sees] . The normal position of the eyes
when their muscles are at rest, m., muscular, the
angle formed by the visual axes of the eyes when
the external ocular muscles are at rest.

mesorrhachischisis (mes-o-rak-is'-kis-is) . Partial
rhachischisis ; incomplete cleft of the spinal cord.

mesorrhine {mes'-or-in) [meso-; pis, nose]. Having
a nasal index between 480 and 520.

mesosalpinx (mes-o-sal'-pingks) [meso-; aaXinyt,
a trumpet]. The upper part of the broad ligament
which surrounds the Fallopian tube.

mesoscapula (mes-o-skap'-u-lah) [meso-; scapula,
shoulder-blade]. The scapular spine.

mesoseme (mes'-o-sem) [meso-; <rr)na, sign].
With an orbital index of 84°-8o°.

mesosigmoid (mes-o-sig'-moid) [meso-; sigmoid].
The mesentery of the sigmoid flexure of the colon.

mesostaphyline (mes-o-staf'-il-in) [meso-; otcnjSuXt?,
the uvula, when swollen]. A skull with a palatal
index of from 8o° to 85°.

mesostate (mes'-o-stat) [meso-; crraros, placed].
A generic term for the intermediate substances formed
in metabolic processes.

mesosternum (mes-o-ster'-num) [meso-; sternum].
The gladiolus, or second piece of the sternum.

mesosystolic (mes-o-sis-tol'-ik) [meso-; systole].
Relating to the middle of the systole.

mesotan (mes'-o-lan). The methyloxymethylester
of salicylic acid; used in treatment of rheumatism
by dermal absorption. Application 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.)
mixed with olive-oil or castor-oil.

mesotendon (mes-o-ten'-don) [meso-; tendon].
Folds of synovial membrane extending to tendons
from their fibrous sheaths.

mesothelioma (mes-o-the-le-o'-mah) [meso^; #77X77,
nipple; 5fia, a tumor]. A variety of epithelioma
supposed to be developed from the mesoblast.

mesothelium (mes-o-the' -le-um) [meso-; #77X77, the
nipple]. The lining of the wall of the primitive body-
cavity situated between the somatopleure and
splanchnopleure. It is the precursor of the endo-
thelium.

mesothenar (mes-o-the' -nar) [meso-; dkvap, palm].
The muscle drawing the thumb toward the palm of
the hand; the adductor pollicis.

mesosthenic (mes-o-sthen'-ik) [meso-; adkvos,
strength]. Having a moderate degree of muscular
force.

mesothermal (mes-o-ther'-mal) [meso-; depprj, heat].
Of medium warmth.

mesothorium (mes'-o-thor-e-um). A product re-
sulting from the disintegration of thorium, it is
intermediate between radiothorium and thorium.

mesotropic (mes-o-trop'-ik) [meso-; rpeireiv, to turn].
Turned or situated mesad.

mesovarium (mes-o-va' -re-um) [meso-; ovarium,
ovary]. A peritoneal fold connecting the ovary and
the broad ligament; in the embryo with the Wolffian
body.

mesoventral (mes-o-ven'-tral) [meso-; venter, belly].
Both median and ventral.

mesoxalylurea (mes-oks-al-il-u'-re-ah). Same as
alloxan.

mesozoa (mes-o-zo'-ah) [meso-; %&ov, animal]. A
class of animals intermediate between the protozoa
and the metazoa.

Mesua (mes'-u-ah) [J. Musuah, Arabian physician].
A genus of guttiferous trees. M. ferrea, an Indian
tree of the order Guttiferce. An attar is distilled from
the flowers, and the oil of the seeds is used in rheuma-
tism.

mesuranic (mes-u-ran'-ik) [meso-; ovpavlanos, the
roof of the mouth]. See mesostaphyline.

meta- (met'-ah-) [nera, over, among, beyond, after,
or between]. 1. A prefix signifying over, beyond,
among, between, change, or transformation. 2. In
chemistry, a prefix denoting unsymmetrical deriva-
tives of the benzene ring.

meta-amidophenylparamethoxyquinolin (met-ah-
am-id-o-fen-il-par-ah-meth-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in) . An an-
tiperiodic and antipyretic drug used instead' of
quinine. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26—0.52 Gm.).

metabasis (met-ab'-as-is) [meta-; Paivew, to go].
Change.

metabiosis (met-ah-bi-o'-sis) [meta-; (ilos, life].
A form of symbiosis, in which only one of the or-
ganisms is benefited; the other may remain unin-
fluenced or injured.

metabolic (met-ah-bol'-ik) [metabolism]. Pertaining
to metabolism, m. equilibrium, the equality be-
tween the absorption and assimilation of food and
the excretion of end-products.

metabolin (met-ab'-o-lin) [peTaPoX-h, change]. A
product of metabolism; a metabolite or mesostate.

metabolism (met-ab'-o-lizm) [jierafioXr), change].
The group of phenomena whereby organic beings
transform food-stuffs into complex tissue-elements
(constructive metabolism, assimilation, anabolism) and
convert complex substances into simple ones in the
production of energy (destructive metabolism, disassimi-
lation, katabolism).

metabolite (met-ab'-o-lit) [see metabolism]. A
product of metabolic change.

metabolize (met-ab'-o-liz) [fierafioX-n, change]. To
transform by means of metabolism.

metabolon (met-ab' -o-lon) [metabolism]. A purely
transitory form of matter found in emanations from
certain radioactive substances.

metacarpal (met-ah-kar'-pal) [metacarpus]. Per-
taining to the metacarpus, or to a bone of the meta-
carpus.

metacarpen (met-ak-ar' -pen) . Belonging to the
metacarpus in itself.

metacarpophalangeal (met-ah-kar-po-fa-lan'-je-al)
[metacarpus; phalanges]. Belonging to the meta-
carpus and the phalanges.

metacarpus (met-ah-kar'-pus) [meta-; icapiros, wrist].
That part of the hand between the carpus and the
phalanges and consisting of five bones.

metacasein reaction. The coagulation of milk on
boiling, after treatment with pancreatic extracts.

metacele, metacoele, metacelia (met'-as-el, met-as-
e'-le-ah) [meta-; koiXIo., cavity]. The caudal or
metencephalic portion of the fourth ventricle.

metacetone (met-as'-et-on). Diethyl-ketone.

metacheirisis, metacheirismus (met-ak-i'-ris-is,
met-ak-i-riz' -mus) [meta-; x«tp, hand]. Manipulation
in the treatment of disease.

metachloral (met-ak-lo'-ral). A tasteless, poly-
meric form of chloral, said to have properties not
unlike those of chloral hydrate.

metachoresis (met-ak-o' -res-is) [meta-; x&p-qcns,
a going]. Metastasis; dislocation.

metachromasia (met-ak-ro-ma'-ze-ah) [meta- ; xp«Ma.
color]. The chemico-chromatic changes induced in
cells by the staining substances employed in histo-
logical technique.

metachromatic (met-ah-kro-mat'-ik) [meta-; xp^Ma,
color]. Relating to a change of colors; staining with
a different shade than that of the other tissues, as
the mast-cell granules with basic anilin dyes. m.
bodies, small granules in bacterial cells staining differ-
ently from the surrounding cytoplasm.

metachromatism (met-ah-kro'-mat-izm) [see meta-
chromatic]. The quality of being different in color
from other parts.

metachrosis (met-ak-ro'-sis) [meta-; xpwfei*', to
tinge, to stain]. In biology, applied to the change
or play of colors seen in the squid, chameleon, and
other animals.

metachysis (met-ak'-is-is) [meta-; \ixns, effusion].
The transfusion of blood. Also the introduction
of any substance into the blood by mechanical means.

METACINESIS

552

METAPLASTIC

metacinesis (met-ah-sin-e'-sis) . See metakinesis.

metacism (met'-as-izm) [nvraKia/xos, from ixv,
letter m]. Repetition of the letter m.

metacondyle {met-ah-kon'-dil) [meta-; kovSvKos,
knuckle]. The distal phalanx of a finger, or the bone
thereof.

metacone (met'-ak-on) [meta-; kqvos, cone]. The
outer posterior cusp of an upper molar tooth.

metaconid (met-ak-o'-nid) [metacone]. The inner-
anterior cusp of a lower molar tooth.

metaconule (met-ak-o'-nill) [metacone]. The pos-
terior intermediate cusp of an upper molar tooth.

metacresol (met-ah-kre'-sol) [meta-; cresol], C7H8O2.
A liquid derivative of coal-tar, used as an antiseptic
and disinfectant. It is stronger than phenol and
less toxic. Dose 1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 Cc). Applied
in 0.5 % solution, m.-anitol, a 40 % solution of
metacresol in anitol; recommended as an application
in erysipelas, m. bismuth, BKCtHtOK an anti-
septic and astringent used in dysentery, m.-cin-
namic-ester, an antituberculous compound of meta-
cresol, 25 parts; cinnamic acid, 35 parts; dissolved
in toluol and heated with phosphorus oxychloride,
20 parts.

metacyesis (met-as-i-e'-sis) [meta-; kwjo-w, gesta-
tion]. Extra-uterine gestation, especially that
which is begun in the oviduct and continued in the
abdominal cavity.

metadermatosis (met-ad-er-mat-o'-sis) [meta- ; hkpp.a,
skin; voaos, disease]. A pathological production of
epidermis.

metadiiodanilin (met-ah-di-i-od-an'-il-in). See di-
iodoanilin.

metadiphtheritic (met-ah-dif-ther-it'-ik). Accom-
panying diphtheria.

metadrasis (met-ad-ra'-sis) [meta-; 8pa<ns, exertion].
Overwork of body or mind.

metaelements (met-ah-eV -e-ments) . A hypotheti-
cal group of elemental substances intermediate be-
tween the elements as now known to us and
protyl.

metafacial (met-af-a'-shal) [meta-; fades, face].
Posterior to the face.

metagaster (met-ah-gas'-ter) [meta-; yaar-fip, belly].
The permanent intestinal canal, succeeding the
primitive canal, or protogaster.

metagastrula (met-ah-gas'-iroo-lah) [see metagaster].
A modification of segmentation, producing a form
of gastrula differing from the simple gastrula of the
amphioxus.

metagenesis (met-ah-jen'-es-is). See generation,
alternate.

metagrippal (met-ah-grip'-al). Occurring as a
consequence of influenza; postgrippal.

metaicteric (met-ah-ik'-ter-ik). Occurring as a
consequence of jaundice; posticteric.

metakinesis (met-ah-kin-e'-sis) [meta-; K.Lvr)<ns,
movement; change]. The term applied to that
stage of cell-division in which the secondary threads
or loops tend to pass toward the two poles of the
nuclear spindle.

metal (met'-al) [ukraXXov, a metal]. An elementary
substance characterized by malleability, ductility,
fusibility, luster, its electric affinities, and the basic
character of its oxides, m., D'Arcet's. See D'Arcet's
metal.

metalbumin (met-al-bu'-min) . See paralbumin.

metaldehyde (met-aV -de-hid), C6H12O3. White
needles, obtained from aldehyde by action of hydro-
chloric or sulphuric acid at a temperature below o° C.
It is sedative and hypnotic. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52
Gm.).

metalepsy (met'-al-ep-se) [per a\ij\p is, participation].
In chemistry, change or variation produced by the
displacement of an element of radical in a compound
by its chemical equivalent. It is the same as sub-
stitution, q.v.

metaleptic (met-al-ep'-tik) [p.eTa\r)\J/Ls, participation].
Relating to metalepsy; also applied to a muscle,
associated in its movement with another.

metallesthesia {met-al-es-the'-ze-ah) [metal; aL<r-
6r\<ri.s, perception by the senses]. An alleged form
of sensibility enabling hysterical or hypnotized sub-
jects to distinguish between the contacts of various
metals.

metallic (met-al'-ik). Similar to or resembling a
metal, m. tinkling, peculiar metallic or bell-like
sounds heard over a pneumothorax or large pul-
monary cavity. The sounds are produced by
coughing, speaking, or deep breathing.

metallodynia (met-al-o-din'-e-ah) [metal; 65 w^,
pain]. Pain caused by metallic poisoning.

metalloid (met'-al-oid) [metal; elSos, like]. 1. Re-
sembling a metal. 2. Any nonmetallic element.

metallophagia, metallophagy (met-al-o-fa'-je-ah,
met-al-off'-a-je) [metal; <paye£v, to eat]. The insane
impulse to swallow metallic objects.

metallophobia (met-al-o-fo'-be-ah). The fear of
touching a metallic object.

metalloscopy (met-al-os'-ko-pe) [metal; aKoirelv,
to examine]. The determination of the effects pro-
duced by the application of metals to the surface of
the body. See also metallotherapy.

metallotherapy (met-al-o-ther'-ap-e) [metal ; depairela,
therapy]. The treatment of certain nervous diseases,
particularly hysteria, by the application of different
metals to the affected part.

metallotoxemia (met-al-o-toks-e'-me-ah) [metal ;
to^ikov, poison; alfia, blood]. Toxemia, or blood-
poisoning, due to the ingestion of a metal.

metamer {met'-am-ur). A metameric substance.
See isomeric.

metamere (met'-ah-mer) [meta-; nepos, a part].
Any one of the theoretical segments of a vertebrate
animal.

metameric (met-ah-mer'-ik). Pertaining to meta-
merism; see isomeric.

metamerid (met-am'-er-id) [metamere]. A met-
americ substance; a group of metameric bodies.

metamerism (met-am'-er-izm) [metamere]. A
variety of isomerism. See isomerism.

metamorphic (met-am-or'-fik) [metamorphosis]. Per-
taining to metamorphosis; also synonymous with
metamorphous.

metamorphology (met-am-or-fol'-o-je) [metamorpho-
sis; X670J, science]. In biology, the science of the
changes of form passed through by individual
organisms in the course of their life-histories.

metamorphopsia (met-am-or-fop'-se-ah) [peranop-
<t>ovv, to change shape; 6\pis, sight]. A defect of
vision in which, owing to disease of the retina or
imperfection of the media, objects appear distorted.

metamorphosing (met-am-or-fo'-zing) [see meta-
morphosis]. Altering; changing, m. breath-sound.
See respiration, metamorphosing.

metamorphosis (met-am-or'-fo-sis) [juerajuop^wo-is^
a transformation]. A structural change or trans-
formation. In pathology, a degeneration. m.»
fatty, fatty degeneration, m., regressive, m., retro-
grade, a disintegrating change; a degeneration, m.,
viscous, the agglutination of blood-platelets in the
process of thrombosis.

metamorphous (met-am-or'-fus) [meta-; nop<p6eipr
to change]. Amorphous, but with a tendency to
crystallize.

metanephric (met-an-ef'-rik) [meta-; ve<ppos, kidney].
Pertaining to the metanephros.

metanephros, metanephron {met-ah-nef'-ros, met-
ah-nef'-ron) [meta-; i>e<f>p6s-, kidney]. The posterior
of the three segmental bodies of the fetus, which is
transformed into the permanent kidney and ureter.

metanucleus (met-ah-nu'-kle-us) [meta-; nucleus].
The egg-nucleus after its extrusion from the germinal
vesicle.

metapeptone (met-ah-pep'-ton) [meta-; irtyis, diges-
tion]. A substance obtained by Meissner from the
fluid resulting from the acid peptic digestion of any
proteid after the parapeptone has been removed; it
is said to be intermediate between parapeptone and
dyspeptone.

metaphases (met-af-a'-zes) [meta-; <j>a<ris, a phase].
In biology, the final phase or set of phenomena of
karyokinesis, from the division of the nuclear fibrils-
to the separation of the daughter-nuclei.

metaphlogosis {met-af-lo-go'-sis) [meta-; jiXoyuais,.
a burning]. Severe inflammation with much engorge-
ment, but of short duration.

metaphosphoric acid (met-ah-fos-for'-ik). See acidY
phosphoric. §

metaplasia (met-ah-pla'-ze-ah) [meta-; ■n-'Kaaaeiv, to-
form]. A transformation of a tissue into another
•without the intervention of an embryonal tissue, as-
the conversion of cartilage into bone.

metaplasis (met-ap' -las-is) [metaplasia]. Fulfilled
growth and development seen in the stage between
anaplasis and cataplasis.

metaplasm (met'-ah-plazm). That portion of the
protoplasm of a cell containing the products of
secretion or excretion.

metaplastic (met-ah-plas'-tik) [see metaplasia]*

METAPLEX

553

METHEMOGLOBINEMIA

Pertaining to metaplasia, m. bone, a bone formed
from periosteum.

metaplex, metaplexus {met'-ah-pleks, met-ah-pleks'-
us) [meta-; plexus], a twining. The choroid plexus
of the fourth ventricle.

metapneumonic (met-ah-nu-mon'-ik) [meta-; pneu-
monia]. Secondary to, or consequent upon, pneu-
monia.

metapophysis (met-ah-pof-is-is) [meta-; &ir6<pvai.s,
a process]. A mammillary process, such as is seen
upon the lumbar vertebrae.

metapore (met'-ap-or) [meta-; iropos, passage].
Magendie's foramen (q. v.).

metaprotein (met-ah-pro'-te-in). A derivative by-
hydrolysis of a native protein.

metapsyche (met-ap-si'-ke) [meta-; foxVi soul].
The hind-brain or metencephalon.

metaptosis (met-ap-to'-sis) [meta-; -wroxris, a fall-
ing]. Metastasis; sudden metabolic change.

metapyretic (jnet-ah-pi-ret'-ik) [meta-; -nvperos, fev-
er], i. Occurring during fever. 2. Occurring after
the decline of fever.

metargon (met-ar'-gon) [meta-; argon]. A gaseous
element believed to exist in atmospheric air.

metasol (met'-ah-sol). Soluble metacresol-anitol,
containing 40 % of metacresol. A surgical dis-
infectant.

metastasis (met-as'-tas-is) [meta-; o-raros, placed].
The transfer of a diseased process from a primary
focus to a distant one by the conveyance of the
causal agents through the blood-vessels or lymph-
channels.

metastasize (met-as' -tas-iz) . To transfer disease
into a distant part by metastasis.

metastate (jnet-as-taf) [meta-; ararbs, placed].
Any substance produced by a metabolic process; an
anastate or a catastate. Same as mesostate.

metastatic (met-ah-stat'-ik) [see metastasis]. Char-
acterized by or pertaining to metastasis, m. abscess,
the secondary abscess in pyemia, m. calcification,
calcareous infiltration due to an excess of lime-salts
in the blood in diseases associated with rapid dis-
integration, of bone.

metasternum (met-ah-ster'-num). The xiphoid
cartilage of the sternum.

metasyncrisis (met-as-in'-kris-is). 1. An induced
crisis. 2. The restoration of diseased tissues.

metasyphilis {met-ah-sif -il-is) . That form of
inherited syphilis presenting only the syphilitic
diathesis, i. e., the degenerations and general diffuse
changes in which localized lesions are absent.

metatarsal {met-ah-tar'-sal) [metatarsus]. Per-
taining to the metatarsus.

metatarsalgia {met-ah-tar-saV -je-ah) [metatarsus ;
akyos, pain]. Morton's disease; a painful affection
of the plantar digital nerves caused by pressure or
pinching of them by portions of the metatarso-
phalangeal articulations.

metatarsen (met-at-ar'-sen). Belonging to the
metatarsus in itself.

metatarsometatarsal (met-ah-tar-so-met-ah-tar'-sal) .
Relating to the metatarsal bones in their position
to each other.

metatarsophalangeal {met-ah-tar-so-fa-lan'-je-al)
[metatarsus; phalanges]. Pertaining to the meta-
tarsus and the phalanges.

metatarsus (met-ah-tar'-sus) [meta-; rapaos, tarsus].
The bones of the foot, five in number, situated
between the tarsus and the phalanges.

metatela (met-at-e'-lah) [meta-; tela, tissue]. The
tela of the metencephal; the velum medullare pos-
terius, or inferior choroid tela. It constitutes the
roof of the metacele.

metathalamus {met-ah-thaV -am-us) [meta-; thala-
mus]. A term including the pregeniculum and
postgeniculum.

metathesis (mel-alh'-es-is) [meta-; ridevai, to place].
1. The act of changing the seat of a disease process
from one part to another. 2. In chemistry, double
decomposition.

metathetic (met-ath-et'-ik) [meta-; rddkvai, to place].
Of the nature of a metathesis.

metatocia (met-at-o'-ke-ah) [meta-; tokos, birth].
Birth by any other than the normal process, as by
cesarean section.

metatroph {met'-ah-trof). See saprophyte.

metatropbia (met-ah-tro'-fe-ah) [meta-; rpocp-h,
nourishment]. Any morbid condition or process of
nutrition.

metatrophic (met-ah-tro'-fik). Applied to sapro-

phytic organisms which cannot exist in the presence
of living tissues, m. method, a therapeutic method
of modifying the nutrition by changes in the food —
with a view of administering some drug; e. g., sup-
pression of sodium chloride in food of epileptics in
order to reinforce the action of bromides.

Metazoa (met-ah-zo'-ah) [meta-; $u>ov, animal].
Animals the development of which is characterized
by segmentation of the ovum. They comprise all
animals except the Protozoa.

Metchnikoff' s larva (metsh'-ne-kof) [Elie Metchni-
koff, Russian biologist, 1845- ]. The parenchy-
mula: the embryonic stage immediately succeeding
that of the closed blastula. M.'s phagocytic theory,
that microorganisms and other solid elements are
destroyed or taken up by living cells, as by colorless
blood-corpuscles.

metecious, metoecious (met-e'-she-us) [meta-; oIkos,
a house]. See heterecious.

metecism, metcecism {met'-es-izm). See heterecism.

metempiric (met-em-pe'-rik) [meta-; ipireipla, ex-
perience]. Opposed to empiric; not based on experi-
ence.

metencephal (met-en'-sef-al). Same as meten-
cephalon.

metencephalic (met-en-sef-al'-ik). Pertaining to
the metencephalon.

metencephalon (met-en-sef'-al-on) [meta-; iyKe<j>a\os,
brain]. 1. The after-brain; the postoblongata, or
most caudal portion of the brain. 2. Of Huxley,
the cerebellum and the pons.

meteoric (me-te-or'-ik) [perewpi^eiv, to elevate].
Pertaining to meteorism; also, pertaining to the
atmosphere.

meteorism (me'-te-or-izm) [fiereo)pl£eiv, to elevate].
Distention of the abdomen with gas; tympanites.

meteorograph ime-te-or' -o-graf) [pereupov, a meteor;
ypaxpetv, to write]. An apparatus for securing a
continuous record of the pressure, temperature,
humidity, and velocity of the wind.

meteorology (me-te-or-ol'-o-je) [meteor; \6yos, a
treatise]. The science of the phenomena of the
atmosphere and the laws of its motions.

metepencephalon {met-ep-en-sef -al-on) [meta-; eiri,
upon; £yKe<f>a\os, brain]. The metencephalon and
epencephalon considered together. It includes the
cerebrum, the oblongata, and the pons.

metepicele (met-ep'-is-el) [meta-; lirl, upon; koiKIo.,
hollow]. The fourth ventricle of the brain.

meter (me'-ter). The unit of linear measure of
the metric system, 39-37 inches. See metric system.
m.-angle, the angle of the visual axes, the object
being one meter distant.

-meter (me-ter) [perpov, a measure]. A termination
denoting an instrument for measuring.

metergasis, metergasia (met-er' -gas-is, met-er-ga'-
se-ah) [meta-; iypao-ia, work]. Change of function.

metestrous (met-es'-trus). Pertaining to the
period in which the activity of the generative organs
is gradually subsiding in female animals.

methacetin (meth-as'-et-in) [meta-; acetum, vine-
gar], C9H11NO2. An analogue of phenacetin, having
the same antipyretic, qualities as the latter, and more
soluble. Dose from 2 to 4 grains exhibited with
great caution.

methal (meth'-al) [meta-; SX77, matter], C14H30O.
An alcohol, not yet isolated, occurring in spermaceti.

methanal (meth'-an-al). Same as formaldehyde.

methane (meth'-an) [see methal], CH4. Marsh-gas.
The first member of the homologous series of par-
affins, CnH2n+2. It occurs wherever decomposition
of organic matter is going on, especially in marshes,
and is also found at times in the stomach and in-
testine. It is a colorless, odorless, inflammable gas.

methanol (meth'-an-ol). Methyl alcohol.

metheglin (meth-eg'-lin). Mead; a drink made
from honey by the addition of yeast and boiling water.

methemerine (meth-em'-er-en) [meta-; ■fipepa, a
day]. Quotidian.

methemoglobin, methaemoglobin (met-hem-o-glo'-
bin) [meta-; hemoglobin], A body similar in com-
position to hemoglobin, but having its oxygen more
firmly united with it. It is prepared from hemo-
globin by the action of potassium ferricyanide, potas-
sium chlorate, sodium nitrite, etc. In poisoning with
potassium chlorate, the nitrites, acetanilid, and other
bodies, the blood contains methemoglobin.

methemoglobinemia, methaemoglobinaemia (mel-
hem-o-glo-bin-e' -me-ah) [methemoglobin; alpa, blood].
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood.

METHEMOGLOBINURIA

554

METOPON

methemoglobinuria, methsemoglobinuria (met-hem-
o-glo-bin-u'-re-ah) [methemoglobin ; olpov, urine]. The
presence of methemoglobin in the urine.

methenyl (meth'-en-il), CH. A hypothetical triva-
lent radical, m.-orthoanisidin, a compound of
orthoanisidin and orthoformic acid ester; it is a local
anesthetic, m. tribromide, bromoform. m. tri-
chloride, chloroform, m. triiodide, iodoform.

methethyl (meth-eth'-il). A local anesthetic said
to consist chiefly of ethyl chloride with a small
quantity of methyl chloride and chloroform.

methetic (meth-et'-ik) [p.We£is, participation]. In
psychology applied to communications between the
different strata of a man's intelligence.

methogastrosis (meth-o-gas-tro'-sis) [peOv, wine;
yaarrip, stomach; vdaos, disease]. Digestive dis-
turbances consequent upon alcoholic excess.

methol (meth'-ol) [meta-; v\rj, matter]. One of
the names of methylic alcohol.

methomania (meth-o-ma'-ne-ah) [nWv, strong drink;
y.avLa, madness]. I. Same as mania a potu. 2. (More
often) the irresistible desire for strong drink; dipso-
mania.

methonal (meth'-on-al), (CHs^CCSCkCHsH A
hypnotic differing from sulphonal in containing
methyl mercaptan instead of ethyl mercaptan.
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., dimethyl sulphone-
dimethylmethane.

methoxycaffeine (meth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), C9H12N4O3.
A white powder melting at 1170 C. It is used hypo-
dermatically as a local anesthetic and in neuralgia.
Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.).

methoxyl (meth-oks'-il). The characterizing group
of the primary alcohols, CH2OH.

methozine (meth'-o-zen). Same as antipyrine.

methyl (meth'-il) [pkBv, mead; v\v, matter], CH3.
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, the first of the
univalent hydrocarbons of the marsh-gas series;
the radical of methyl-alcohol, m. acetate, C3H6O2,
a fragrant liquid obtained from crude wood-vinegar.
m.-alcohol, CH3OH, a colorless, narcotic liquid,
obtained in the destructive distillation of wood.
Syn., carbinol, wood-alcohol; wood-spirit, m. alde-
hyde, formaldehyde, m.-blue, an antiseptic used
as a local application in diphtheria (not to be con-
founded with methylene blue), m. chloride, CH3CI,
a liquid local anesthetic, m. chloroform, CH3CCI3,
a volatile liquid, obtained by chlorinating ethyl
chloride. It is anesthetic, m. ether, C2H6O;
dimethyl oxide, an inflammable gas; also a salt of
methyl, m.-glyoxalidin. Seelysidine. m.-green, an
anilin dye, used in staining tissues, also as an anti-
periodic, m.-guanidin, C2H7N3; a colorless, crystal-
line, strongly alkaline base, formed by the oxidation
of creatin and creatinin, and also found in decom-
posing horseflesh and in cultures of the comma
bacillus and the bacillus of anthrax. It is highly
poisonous, m.-hydantoic acid, a crystalline sub-
stance occurring in the urine after the ingestion
of sarcosin; it is also obtained by heating sarcosin
and urea together for several days in baryta-water.
m. hydrate, methyl-alcohol, m. hydride, CH4;
methane or marsh-gas. m. iodide, C3HI, a reaction-
product of methyl-alcohol with iodine and phos-
phorus; used as a vesicant instead of cantharides.
m.-phenol, cresol. m.-propyloxybenzol, thymol, m.
pyridin. See picolin. m. pyridin sulphocyanate,
an energetic, noncaustic, nontoxic antiseptic em-
ployed in 1 % solution, m. pyrocatechin, guaiacol.
m.-quinolin, a substance occurring with quinolin
and quinalidin in coal-tar. m. salicylate (melhylis
salicylas, U. S. P.), CsHgOs; synthetic oil of winter-
green; an oily liquid of a peculiar odor, identical
with the essential constituent of the oil of winter-
green; it is used in rheumatism like the natural oil
of gaultheria. m.-salol, CH3(OH)(CH3)C02 . CeHs,
a crystalline substance, insoluble in water, soluble
in ether, chloroform, or hot alcohol; used in rheu-
matism, m.-theobromin, caffeine, m.-uramin. See
m.-guanidin. m.-violet, an anilin dye used for
staining bacteria. Under the name of pyoktanin it
is used as an antiseptic. m.-xanthin. See hetero-
xanthin.

methylacetanilid (meth-il-as-et-an'-il-id). See exal-
gin.

methylal (meth'-il-al) [methyl; alcohol], C3H8O2.
A substance prepared by distilling methyl-alcohol
with sulphuric acid. It is hypnotic and antispas-
modic. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

methylamine (meth-il'-am-in) [methyl; amine],

N(CHs)H2. A colorless basic gas occurring in
herring-brine and in cultures of the comma bacillus.
methylate (meth'-il-at) [methyl]. A compound
formed from methyl-alcohol by the substitution of
the hydrogen of the hydroxyl by a base.

methylated {meth'-il-at-ed). Containing methyl-
alcohol, m. spirit. See methyl-alcohol.

methylation (meth-il-a'-shun). The process of
mixing a substance with methyl-alcohol.
methylbenzol (meth-il-ben'-zol) . Toluene.
methylene (meth'-il-en) [methyl], CH2. A bivalent
hydrocarbon radical, m. bichloride, CH2CI2; a
general anesthetic, used instead of chloroform, m.-
blue (methylthionince hydrochloridum, U. S. P.),
C16H18N3SCI; a blue anilin dye used as a stain in
microscopy. It has also been employed as a local
application in diphtheria, tonsillitis, scarlatinal
sore throat, and other inflammatory conditions,
and internally in malaria and neuralgia. Dose
2-4 gr. (0.13-0.25 Gm.). m. chloride (of Richard-
son), a colorless liquid consisting of 1 volume of
methyl-alcohol and 4 volumes of chloroform; it is
used in inhalation-anesthesia. Syn., methyl bichloride.
m. creosote, a nontoxic, yellowish powder devoid of
taste or odor. • It is used in the treatment of tubercu-
losis. Dose 8-30 gr. (0.5-2.0 Gm.). m. oxide,
formaldehyde.

methylenophil, methylenophilous {meth-il-en'-of-il,
meth-il-en-of'-il-us) [methylene; <f>i\elv, to love].
Having an affinity for methylene-blue.

methylguanidine (meth-il-gwan'-id-en). A poison-
ous ptomaine derived from creatinine.

methylic {meth-il'-ik). Containing methyl,
methylil (jneth'-il-il). Trade name of a local
anesthetic; said to be a mixture of ethyl chloride,
chloroform, and methyl chloride.

methylphenacetin (meth-il-fen-as'-et-in). A hyp-
notic compound obtained by treating phenacetin-
sodium with methyl iodide.

methylpurin (meth-ii-pu'-rin). Any compound
in which one or more methyl radicals have been
substituted in the purin nucleus.

methylsalol imeth-il-sa'-lol). A crystalline sub-
stance used in rheumatism.

methylthionine hydrochloride {meth-il-thi'-o-nin).
See methylene-blue.

methysis (meth'-is-is) [fiWv<ns, intoxication]. In-
toxication.

methystic (meth-is'-tic). 1. Intoxicant. 2. An in-
toxicating agent.

methysticin {meth-is' -tis-in) [pe9vartK6s, intoxicat-
ing]. A glucoside, C15H14O5. from Piper methysti-
cum, kava-root.

metoarion (met-o-a'-re-on) [meta-; bapiov, the
ovule]. The corpus luteum.

metodontiasis (met-o-don-ti'-as-is) [meta-; oSovridv,
to cut teeth]. The second dentition; also, abnor-
mality of teething.

metol (met'-ol). Trade name for methylpara-
amino phenol sulphate; it is used as a developer by
photographers, and is capable of producing a derma-
titis accompanied by ulceration and obstinate fissures
of the skin.

metopagus (met-op'-ag-us) [fikrunrov, the forehead;
irayos, joined]. A twin monstrosity with united
foreheads.

metopantralgia (met-o-pan-tral'-je-ah) [ukruirov,
forehead; avrpov, cave; 0X70$, pain]. Pain or neural-
gia of the frontal sinus.

metopantritis (met-o-pan-tri'-tis) [pkruirov, forehead;
avrpov, cave; rm, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the metopantron.

metopantron, metopantrum (met-o-pan'-tron, met-
o-pan'-trum) [fikruirov, forehead; avrpov, cave]. The
frontal sinus.

metopic (met-op'-ik) [ukrwirov, forehead]. 1. Re-
lating to the forehead; frontal. 2. A name applied
to a cranium having a medio-frontal suture, m.
points. See craniometric points.

metopion (met-o'-pe-on) [pkruirov, forehead]. See
craniometric points.

metopism (met'-o-pizm) [fikruirov, forehead]. Per-
sistence of the frontal suture in adult life. See
metopon.

metopium (met-o'-pe-um) . Synonym of metopon.
metopodynia (met-o-po-din'-e-ah) [fikruirov, fore-
head; bobvq, pain]. Frontal headache.

metopon (met'-o-pon) [pikruirov, forehead; from
nera, between; &\f/, eye]. Forehead; also an old name
for galbanum.

METOPOPLASTY

555

METROFIBROMA

metopoplasty (met-op'-o-plas-te) [ukruirov, the fore-
head; xXdcro-eiJ', to form]. Plastic surgery of the
forehead.

metoposcopy (met-op-os'-ko-pe) [fierwirov, forehead;
oKoirelv, to examine]. A variety of phrenology in
which the character on the future of an individual
is supposed to be determined by an inspection of the
forehead.

metoxenous (met-oks'-en-us). See heterecious.

metra (me'-irah) [pyTpa, uterus]. The uterus.

metralgia (met-ral'-je-ah) [metra; a\yos, pain].
Metrodynia (q. v.).

metramine {met' -ram- en). Trade name for a
brand of hexamethylenamine.

metranastrophe (met-ran-as'-tro-fe) [metra; avao--
rpcxfrri, a turning upside down]. Inversion of the
uterus.

metranemia, metranaemia (met-ran-e'-me-ah) [metra ;
anemia]. Uterine anemia.

metraneurysm {met-ran' -u-rizm) [metra; &vevpvapa,
dilatation]. Dilatation of the uterus or vulva.

metranoikter (met-rah-no-ik'-ter). A uterine dilator
with two or four branches; used when a wide, pro-
longed uterine dilatation is indicated.

metratome (met'-rat-om) [metra; rop.fi, a cutting].
An instrument for incising the uterus.

metratonia (met-rat-o'-ne-ah) [metra; arovla, atony].
Atony of the uterus.

metratresia (met-rat-re'-ze-ah) [metra; (j.rpr\aia,
atresia]. Atresia or imperf oration of the womb.

metratrophia (jnet-rat-ro'-fe-ah) [metra; 6.rpo4>ia,
atrophy]. Atrophy of the uterus.

metrauxe (met-rawks'-e) [metra; avfy, increase].
Hypertrophy or enlargement of the uterus.

metre (me'-ter). See meter.

metrechoscope (met-rek' -o-skop) [jikrpov, measure;
r)xv. sound; o-Kotrelv, to inspect]. An instrument for
applying metrechoscopy.

metrechoscopy (met-rek-os'-ko-pe) [pLerpov, measure;
vxv, sound; o-Koirelv, to inspect]. Combined ausculta-
tion and mensuration.

metrectasia (met-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [metra; acraais, a
stretching]. Dilatation of the uterus.

metrectatic (met-rek-tat'-ik). Affected with, or
pertaining to, metrectasia.

metrectomy (met-rek' -to-me) [metra; eKroprj, ex-
cision]. Excision or surgical removal of the uterus.

metrectopia, metrectopy (met-rek-to' -pe-ah, met-
rek' -to-pe) [metra; Zktottos, displaced]. Displacement
of the womb.

metrelcosis (met-rel-ko'-sis) [metra; ?Xkos, ulcer].
Uterine ulceration.

metremia (met-re'-me-ah) [metra; alfia, blood].
Congestion of the uterus.

metremorrhagia (met-rem-or-a'-je-ah). Synonym
of metrorrhagia.

metremorrhoid (met-rem'-or-oid) [metra; hemor-
rhoid]. A hemorrhoid of the uterus.

metremphraxis (met-rem-fraks'-is) [metra; ip<ppdo--
aeiv, to obstruct]. Congestion, or infarction, of the
uterine tissues.

metremphysema (met-rem-fis-e'-mah). Synonym of
physometra.

metreurynter (met-roo-rin'-ter) [metra; eiipwew
to widen]. A form of colpeurynter.

metreurysis (met-roo'-ris-is). See colpeurysis.

metreurysma (met-roo-riz'-tnah) [metra; evpvs,
wide]. Morbid dilatation, or width of the uterus.

metria (me'-tre-ah) [metra]. Any uterine affection.
The term is used also as a synonym of puerperal
fever.

metric {met'-rik) [fierpov, a measure]. Pertaining
to the system of weights and measures, of which the
meter is the basis, m. system, a decimal system
of weights and measures employed in France, Ger-
many, and other countries, and used generally in the
sciences. The standard is the meter, the ten-mil-
lionth part of the distance from the equator to the
north pole. The actual standard unit is the distance
between two lines on a platinum-iridium rod pre-
served in the archives of the International Metric
Commission at Paris, and is equivalent to 39-37079
inches; in the United States the length of the meter is
assumed as 39-37 inches. The standard of capacity
is the liter, a cubic volume ^ meter in each dimen-
sion. The standard of weight is the gram, the weight
of rihru liter (one cubic centimeter) of distilled water
at its maximum density. As the unit of microscopic
measurement the thousandth part of a millimeter
has been adopted. It is called micromillimeter, or

micron; its symbol is p.. The multiples in the metric
system are expressed by the prefixes deca-, hecto-,
and kilo-; the subdivisions by the prefixes deci-,
centi-, and milli-.

iooo meters = i kilometer.

ioo meters = i hectometer.

io meters = i decameter.

.1 meter = i decimeter.

.oi meter = i centimeter.

.ooi meter = i millimeter.

ooo liters

= i kiloliter.

ioo liters

= i hectoliter.

io liters

= i decaliter.

.1 liter

= i deciliter.

.oi liter

= i centiliter.

.ooi liter

= i milliliter.

iooo grams = i kilogram,
ioo grams = i hectogram,
io grams = i decagram.
.1 gram = i decigram,
.oi gram = i centigram,
.ooi gram = i milligram.
In common practice, however, the following divisions
only are used, the others being expressed in figures:
io millimeters = i centimeter,

ioo centimeters = i meter,

iooo meters = i kilometer.

iooo cubic centimeters = i liter.

iooo milligrams = i gram,

iooo grams = i kilogram.

The following are the equivalent values:
i meter = 39-37 inches,
i liter = i quart h gill, U. S. measure.
I gram = 15. 43 grains.
1 minim = 0.061 cubic centimeter.
See also, weights and measures.

metriocephalic (met-re-o-sef-al'-ik) [juerptos, moder-
ate; Ke<paXri, head]. Applied to a skull in which the
arch of trie vertex is moderate in height, neither
akrocephalic (pointed) nor platycephalic (q. v.).
Cf. scaphocephaly, tapeinocephalic.

metritic (met-rit'-ik) [metra; ir«, inflammation].
Pertaining to, or affected with, metritis.

metritis (met-ri'-tis) [metra; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the uterus, m. dissecans, an
inflammatory affection of the uterus accompanied
by the sloughing away of portions of it.

metro- (met-ro-) [metra], A prefix meaning re-
lating to the uterus.

metroblennorrhea (met-ro-blen-or-e'-ah) [metro-;
(JXewa, mucus; pola, a flow]. Uterine blennorrhea.

metrocampsis (met-ro-kamp'-sis) [metro-; /caputs,
bending]. Obliquity or curvation of the uterus.

metrocase (met-rok'-as-e) [metro-; kclkos, evil].
Same as metrelcosis.

metro carcinoma (met-ro-kar-sin-o'-mah) [metro- ;
carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the uterus.

metrocele (met'-ro-sel) [metro-; 107X77, hernia].
Hernia of the uterus.

metroclyst (met'-ro-klist) [metro-; kKv^lv, to wash
out]. An instrument for giving uterine douches.

metrocolpocele (met-ro-kol '-po-sel) [metro-; koKttos,
vagina; K7jXT7, hernia]. Protrusion of the uterus into
the vagina, the wall of the latter being pushed in
advance.

metrocystosis (met-ro-sis-to'-sis) [metro-; kvo-tis,
a cyst]. The formation of uterine cysts or the con-
dition giving rise to them.

metrocyte {met' '-ro- sit) [metro-; kvtos, cell]. A large
uninuclear spheroidal cell the protoplasm of which
contains hemoglobin, and which is supposed to be the
source of the red corpuscles of the blood.

metrodynamometer (met-ro-di-nam-om'-et-er) [met-
ro-; 8wap.is, power; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument
for measuring uterine contractions.

metrodynia (met-ro-din'-e-ah) [metro-; bbvmj, pain].
Pain in the uterus.

metrodystocia (met-ro-dis-to'-ke-ah) [metro-; Sva-
TOKia, painful delivery]. Dystocia whose cause re-
sides in the uterus.

metroectasia (met-ro-ek-ta'-ze-ah). Synonym of
metrectasia.

metroendometritis (met-ro-en-do-mel-ri'-lis). Com-
bined inflammation of the uterus and endometrium.

metrofibroma (met-ro-fi-bro'-mah) [metro-; fibroma,
fibrous tumor]. Uterine fibroid tumor.

METROLEUKORRHEA

556

MHO

metroleukorrhea (met-ro-lii-kor-e'-ah) [metro-; \ev-
kos, white; ?>oLa, flow]. Uterine leukorrhea.

metrology {met-rol'-o-je) [pkrpov, measure; \byos,
science]. The science of measures and of measure-
ments.

metroloxia (met-ro-loks'-e-ah) [metro-; Xo£6s, ob-
lique]. Obliquity of the uterus; hysteroloxia.

metrolymphangitis (met-ro-lim-fan-ji'-tis) [metro-;
\i>n<pa, lymph; iyyeiov, vessel; itis, inflammation].
Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the uterus.
Uterine lymphangitis.

metromalacosis (met-ro-mal-ak-o'-sis) [metro-; juaX-
eucos, soft]. Softening of the tissues of the uterus.

metromania (met-ro-ma' -ne-ah) . 1. See hystero-
mania and nymphomania. 2. [y.krpov, measure;
navla, mania). A mania for writing poetry.

metromaniac {met-ro-ma' -ne-ak) [jikrpov, measure;
fiaula, mania]. One insanely fond of writing verses.

metronania (met-ro-na' -ne-ah) [metro-; vavos, dwarf].
Abnormal smallness of the uterus.

metroricus(met-rong'-kus). See hysteroncus.

metroneuria (met-ro-nu'-re-ah) [metro-; vevpov,
nerve]. A nervous affection of the uterus.

metroneurosis (met-ro-nu-ro'-sis) [metro-; neurosis].
Any neurosis caused by uterine disease.

metronome (met'-ro-nom) [ukrpov, measure; v6p.os,
law]. An instrument for measuring time in music;
also one for testing the hearing.

metroparalysis (met-ro-par-al'-is-is) [metro-; par-
alysis]. Uterine paralysis.

metropathic (met-ro-path'-ik) [metro-; wados, dis-
ease]. Pertaining to affections of the uterus.

metropathy (met-rop' -ath-e) [metro-; irados, suffer-
ing]. Any uterine disease.

metroperitonitis (met-ro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [metro- ;
peritonitis]. 1. Combined inflammation of the
uterus and the peritoneum. 2. Peritonitis secondary
to inflammation of the uterus. 3. Inflammation of
the peritoneum about the uterus.

metropexia, metropexy (met-ro-peks'-e-ah, met'-ro-
peks-e). See hysteropexy.

metrophlebitis (met-ro-fleb-i'-tis) [metro-; phlebitis].
Inflammation of the veins of the uterus.

metrophlogosis (met-ro-flo-go'-sis). Synonym of
metritis.

metrophyma (met-ro-fi'-mdh) [metro-; <t>vp.a, a
growth]. A tumor of the uterus.

metropolypus (met-ro-pol'-ip-us) [metro-; polypus].
Uterine polyp.

metroptosis (met-rop-to'-sis) [metro-; ittuktls, fall].
Prolapse of the uterus.

metrorrhagia (met-ror-a'-je-ah) [metro-; p-riyvvvai,
to burst forth]. Uterine hemorrhage independent
of the menstrual period.

metrorrhea, metrorrhoea (met-ror-e'-ah) [metro-;
poia, a flow]. Any morbid discharge from the uterus.

metrorrhectic (met-ror-ek'-tik). Pertaining to
metrorrhexis.

metrorrhexis (met-ror-eks'-is) [metro-; frij^is, rup-
ture]. Rupture of the uterus.

metrorthosis (met-ror-tho'-sis) [metro-; bpdovv,
to set straight]. The correction of a displaced uterus.

metrosalpingitis (met-ro-sal-pin-ji'-tis) [metro-; sal-
pingitis]. Inflammation of the uterus and oviducts.

metrosalpingorrhagia (met-ro-sal-ping-or-a'-je-ah)
[metro-; aa\iny£, tube; fayvvvai, to burst forth].
Hemorrhage from the oviducts.

metrosalpingorrhexis (met-ro-sal-ping-or-eks'-is)
[metro-; <r&\iny£, tube; £??£«, rupture]. Rupture of
an oviduct.

metrosalpinx (met-ro-saV -pinks) [metro-; <ra\iriy%,
tube]. An oviduct or Fallopian tube.

metroscirrhus (met-ro-skir'-us) [metro-; aalppos,
hard]. A scirrhous tumor of the uterus.

metroscope (met'-ro-skop) [metro-; anoireiv, to
observe]. An instrument for examining the uterus.

metrostaxis (met-ro-staks'-is) [metro-; <tto£is, a
dropping]. Slight but persistent uterine hemorrhage.

metrostenosis (met-ro-sten-o'-sis) [metro-; arevwcns,
contraction]. Contraction of the cavity of the
uterus.

metrosteresis (met-ro-ster-e'-sis) [metro-; orkp-qvis,
deprival]. Removal or absence of the uterus.

metrotome (met'-ro-tom) [metro-; rop.i), a cutting].
An instrument for incising the uterine neck.

metrotomy (met-rot'-o-me). See hysterotomy.

metrotoxin (met-ro-tok'-sin). A hypothetical
hormone from the pregnant uterus which is assumed
to have an inhibitory action on the ovaries.

metrourethrotome (met-ro-u-re'-thro-tom) [jikrpov,

measure; ovpr)6pa, urethra; tow, a cutting]. A form
of urethrotome that will cut a stricture to the desired
caliber; a graduated urethrotome.

metrypercinesis {met-ri-per-sin-e'-sis) [metra; vwkp,
over; Kivrjats, movement]. Excessive uterine con-
traction.

metryperemia, metryperaemia (met-ri-per-e'-me-ah).
Synonym of metremia.

metryperesthesia, metryperesthesia (met-ri-per-es-
the'-ze-ah) [metra; virkp, over; oia^ais, perception].
Hyperesthesia of the uterus.

metrypertrophia {met-ri-per-tro'-fe-ah). Synonym
of metrauxe.

Meunier's sign of measles (moo-ne-a'). A daily
loss of weight noticed four or five days after contagion.
This may amount to so Gm. daily, commencing five
or six days before the appearance of catarrhal or
febrile symptoms.

Mexican typhus. See tabardillo.

Meyer's disease (mi'-er) [Georg Hermann Meyer,
German anatomist, 1815-1892]. Hypertrophy of the
pharyngeal tonsil ; adenoid vegetations of the pharynx.
M.'s law, mature and normal bone possesses a definite
internal structure, which in every part represents the
lines of greatest pressure on traction, and is so
arranged as to afford the greatest resistance with the
smallest amount of material. M.'s rings, the faint
rings seen to surround a candle-flame or a similar
source of light against a dark background; they
appear more distinct, as Woehler has shown, when
the eyes are exposed for a short time to the fumes of
osmic acid. The phenomenon is due to the diffrac-
tion of light by cellular elements on the surface of
the cornea. M.'s sign, numbness of the hands or
feet associated with formication; it is observed in
the eruptive stage of scarlatina.

Meyer- Woehler's rings. See Meyer's rings.

Meynert's bundle (mi'-nert) [Theodore Meynert,
Austrian anatomist, 1833-1892]. A tract of nerve-
fibers forming part of the capsula; it passes between
the external geniculate body and posterior border
of the putamen, and ends in the lower part of the
occipital and temporosphenoid lobes. M.'s com-
missure, a tract of nerve-fibers crossing dorsally
to the mesial half of the chiasm from the tuber
cinereum to the opposite side; it is probably con-
nected with Luys's body. M.'s dorsal tegmental
decussation, one of the fountain decussations; it is
situated between the red nuclei and dorsal to them.
M.'s fibers, a tract of nerve-fibers connecting the
anterior corpus quadrigeminum with the nuclei of
the ocular muscles. M.'s field, the reticular forma-
tion of the pons. M.'s layer, the layer of pyramidal
cells in the cerebral cortex. M.'s radiations, fibers
in the radiary zone of the cortex cerebri. . M.'s
solitary cells, giant pyramidal cells arranged in a
single row in the visual area of the cortex cerebri.

Meynet's nodosities (ma-na') [Paul Claude Hya-
cinthe Meynet, French physician, 1831-1892].
Nodular growths connected with the capsules of
joints, tendons, and tendon-sheaths, and sometimes
seen in cases of rheumatism, especially in children.

mezcal, mescal (mez-kahl') [Mex.]. An intoxicant
spirit distilled from pulque, the fermented juice of
various Mexican species of Agave.

mezereon (mez-e'-re-on). See mezereum.

mezereum (mez-e'-re-um) [Ar., mazariyun, the
camellia]. An old world shrub. The mezereum of
the U. S. P. is the dried bark of Daphne mezereum
and other species of Daphne, of the. natural order
Thymeleacece. It contains a glucoside, daphnin, and
an acrid resin. Locally applied, mezereum is an
irritant and vesicant, and has been used to stimulate
indolent ulcers. Internally, it has been employed
in syphilis, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, and
various skin diseases. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.).
m., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum mezerei, U. S. P.).
Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). It is used chiefly
in ointments, m. oleoresin, ethereal extract of the
bark of Daphne mezereum and other species. It is
alterative, stimulant, and rubefacient. Dose |-i
min. (0.03-0.06 Cc).

mezquit (mes-kef) [Sp.]. The tree or shrub
Prosopis juliflora of the S. W. United States and
Mexico. Its gum resembles gum arabic.

Mg. Chemical symbol of magnesium. Also ab-
breviation for milligram.

mho {mo') [anagram of ohm]. The unit of electrical
conductivity; conductivity at the resistance of one
ohm.

MIASM

557

MICROCRYSTALLINE

miasm, miasma {mi'-azm, mi-az'-mah) [puaiveiv,
to pollute: pi., miasmata], i. A term loosely applied
to the floating germs of any form of microbic life,
especially those generating in marshy localities.
2. A noxious effluvium or emanation.

miasmal (mi-az'-mal) [miasm]. Containing, re-
lating to, or depending upon, miasm.

miasmatic (mi-az-mat'-ik) [miasm]. Pertaining
to or having the nature of miasm, m. diseases,
diseases produced by miasmata.

miasmatology (mi-az-mat-ol'-o-je) [miasm; \6yos,
science]. The science or study of miasmata.

miasmifuge (mi-az'-mif-uj) [miasm; fugere, to put to
flight]. Preventing or banishing miasmatic diseases.

Mibelli's disease (mib-el'-le) [Vittorio Mibelli,
Italian physician]. Porakeratosis.

mica (mi'-kah) [L.]. i. A crumb. 2. A mineral
occurring in the form of thin, shining, transparent
scales, m. panis, bread-crumb.

micaceous (mi-ka'-she-us) [mica, crumb]. Re-
sembling mica; composed of crumbs; friable.

Micajah's wafers. A preparation said to consist
of mercury bichloride, TV gr.; zinc sulphate, 5 gr.;
bismuth subnitrate, 15 gr.; acacia, 5 gr.; phenol,
3 gr. ; water, a sufficient quantity.

mication (mi-ka'-shun) [micare, to glitter]. Quick
motion; a winking; systolic contraction.

micella (mi-sel'-ah) [dim. of mica, a crumb, grain;
pi., micella]. One of the fundamental structural
units of organized bodies; it is microscopically
invisible.

Michailow's test for proteins. Add ferrous
sulphate to the solution, and underlay with con-
centrated sulphuric acid; then add carefully very
little nitric acid. Besides a brown ring, a red color-
ation will be produced.

micracoustic (mi-krah-koo'-stik) [ninpbs, small;
Slkovvtikos, pertaining to hearing]. 1. Assisting in
hearing very faint sounds. 2. An instrument
possessing this property.

micranatomy (mi-kran-at'-o-me) [fwcp6s, small;
anatomy]. Minute anatomy; histology.

micrangiopathy (mi-kran-je-op'-ath-e) [jilkpos, small;
iyyelov, a vessel; irados, disease]. Disease of the
capillaries.

micrangium (mi-kran'-je-um) [fiiKpos, small; ayy elov,
a vessel]. A capillary.

micrencephalon (mi-kren-sef-al-on) [jiikp&s, small;
iyice<t>a\os, brain], i. A small brain, as in cretinism.
2. The cerebellum.

micrencephalous (mi-kren-sef-al-us). Having a
small brain.

micrencephalus (mi-kren-sef'-al-us) [puxpos, small;
iyice<i>a\os, encephalon]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle formed between lines drawn
from the hormion to the nasion and to the inion
respectively is between 1290 and 142. 50.

micrencranus (mi-kren-kra'-nus) [pnnpos, small;
iv, in; Kpavlov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull
with a cerebellar sector of from 8.50 to 150.

micro- (mi-kro-) [pu/cpos, small]. 1. A prefix sig-
nifying minute. 2. A prefix generally used to signify
a unit one-thousandth, sometimes one-millionth,
part of the unit to which it is prefixed.

microaudiphone (mi-kro-aw'-dif-on) [pnnpos, small;
audire, to hear; fuvq, voice]. An instrument used
for rendering audible sounds that are very slight.

microbacteria (mi-kro-bak-te'-re-ah). Bacteria of
very small size.

microbe (mi'-krob) [micro-; filos, life]. A living
organism of very small size. The term is generally
used synonymously with bacterium.

microbemia (mi-kro-be'-me-ah). See microbiohemia.

microbian (mi-kro' -be-an) [microbe]. 1. Pertaining
to or of the nature of a microbe. 2. A microbe.

microbicidal (mi-kro-bis-i'-dal) [microbe; ccedere,
to kill]. Destructive to microbes.

microbicide (mi-kro' -bis-id) [microbe; ccedere, to
kill]. 1. Destructive to microbes. 2. An agent
that destroys microbes.

microbicidin (mi-kro-bis-'id-in). See microcidin.

microbiohemia, microbiohaemia (mi-kro-bi-o-hem'-
e-ah) [microbe; alyta, blood]. A diseased condition
resulting from the presence of microorganisms in the
blood.

microbiologist (mi-kro-bi-ol'-o-jist) [micro-; (3los,
life; X670S, science]. An expert in the study of mi-
crobes.

microbiology (mi-kro-bi-ol'-o-je). The science of
the nature, life, and actions of microorganisms.

microbion, microbium (mi-kro' -be-on, mirkro'-
be-um). Same as microbe.

microbiophobia (mi-kro-bi-o-fo'-be-ah) [microbe;
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid fear of microbes.

microbioscope (mi-kro-bi' -o-skop) [microbe; oko-kHv,
to view]. A microscope for the study of the changes
that take place in living tissues or for the study of
microorganisms.

microbiosis (mi-kro-bi-o'-sis). The morbid con-
dition due to infection with pathogenic micro-
organisms.

microbism (mi'-kro-bizm). The presence of active
pathogenic microorganisms in the system, m.,
latent, the presence in the system of inactive patho-
genic organisms ready to become aggressive under
favorable conditions.

microblast (mi'-kro-blast) [micro-; /SXcurros, a
germ]. 1. An immature blood-corpuscle. 2. A
small, nucleated, red blood-corpuscle.

microblepharia, microblepharon (mi-kro-blef-a'-
re-ah, mi-kro-blef'-ar-on) [micro-; blepharon]. Small-
ness of the eyelids.

microblepharism, microblephary (mi-kro-blef'-ar-
izm, mi-kro-blef-ar-e) . See microblepharia.

microbrachia (mi-kro-bra'-ke-ah) [micro-; fipaxUov,
arm]. Abnormal congenital smallness of the arms.

microbrachius (mi-kro-bra'-ke-us) [micro-; fipaxUov,
arm]. Smallness of the arms.

microbrachycephalia (mi-kro-bra-ke-sef-a'-le-ah)
[micro-; /3paxw, short; Ke<pa\r), head]. Brachy-
cephalia combined with microcephalia.

microcardia (mi-kro-kar'-de-ah) [micro-; Kapdta,
heart]. Congenital smallness of the heart.

microcentrum (mi-kro-sen'-trum). The dynamic
center of the cell.

microcephal (mi-kro-sef -al) [micro-; K€<pa\rj, head].
A person affected with microcephaly.

microcephalia (mi-kro-sef -a' -le*ah) [micro-; Kt<pakfit
head]. An abnormal smallness of the head.

microcephalic (mi-kro-sef-al'-ik) [see microcephalia].
Having a small head.

microcephalism (mi-kro-sef'-al-izm). Synonym of
microcephaly.

microcephalon (mi-kro-sef ' -al-on) [see microcepha-
lia]. An abnormally small head.

microcephalus (mi-kro-sef -al-us) [micro-; Ke<pa\ri,
head]. A person with a small head.

microcephaly (mi-kro-sef -al-e) [micro-; Ke<pa\ri,
head]. Abnormal smallness of the head.

microcheilia (mi-kro-ki'-le-ah) [micro-; x«iX°s, lip].
Abnormal congenital smallness of the lips.

microchemistry (mi-kro-kem'-is-tre) [micro-; chem-
istry]. 1. The chemistry of the minute organisms
and substances of nature. 2. The study of chemical
reactions with the aid of the microscope.

microcidin (mi-kros' -id-in) [micro-; ccedere, to
kill]. Sodium naphtholate, an antiseptic powder.

microclysm (mi'-kro-klism) [micro-; kXihthcl, clys-
ter], A small clyster; a clyster effective in small
amounts.

micrococcus (mi-kro-kok'-us) [micro-; kokkos, kernel].
A genus of bacteria the individuals of which have a
spherical shape. When united in such a way as to
resemble a bunch of grapes, they are called staphylo-
cocci; when united in couples, they are called diplo-
cocci; when string-like they are called streptococci.
See table on page 558.

microconidium (mi-kro-kon-id'-e-um) [micro-; kopls,
dust: pi., microconidia]. In biology, a relatively
small-sized conidium.

microcoria (mi-kro-ko'-re-ah) [micro-; xopij, pupil].
Same as miosis.

microcornea (mi-kro-kor'-ne-ah) [micro-; cornea].
Abnormal smallness of the cornea.

microcosm (mi'-kro-kozm) [micro-; Koa/ws, world].
Man in contradistinction to the universe, or the
macrocosm.

microcosmic (mi-kro-koz'-mik) [microcosm]. Per-
taining to the microcosm, m. salt, sodium am-
monium phosphate; so-called because formerly
derived from the urine of man, "the microcosm."

microcoulomb (mi-kro-koo'-lom) [micro-; coulomb].
The one-millionth part of a coulomb, q. v.

microcoustic (mi-kro-koo'-stik or mik-ro-kows'-tik).
Synonym of micracoustic.

microcrith (mi'-kro-kriih) [micro-; KptB-q, barley].
A unit of molecular weight, equivalent to the weight
of an atom of hydrogen.

microcrystalline (mi-kro-kris'-tal-ln) [micro-; crys-
talline]. Composed of crystals of microscopic size.

MICROCOCCUS

558

MICROCOCCUS

TABLE OF MICROCOCCI

Name.

M. "Coccus A" (Foutin)

M. (Strepto-) acidi lactici (Groten-

felt).
M. (Pedio-) acidi lactici (Lindner) . .

M. acidi lactici (Marpmann)

M. acidi lactici liquefaciens (Kriiger)
M. acidi paralactici (Nencki)

M. of Adametz, Nos. I-VI

M. aerogenes (Miller)

M. agilis (Ali-Cohn)

M. agilis citreus (Menge)

M. (Sarcina) alba (Eisenberg)

M. (Diplo-) albicans amplus

(Bumm).
M. (Diplo-) albicans tardissimus

(Eisenberg and Bumm).
M. (Diplo-) albicans tardus (Unna

and Tommasoli).

M. albidus (Roze)

M. (Strepto-) albus (Maschek)

M. (Staphylo-) albus

M. (Pedio-) albus (Lindner)

M. (Strepto-) of Aleppo boil

(Nicolle and Noury).
M. (Strepto-) apthicola (Hallier and

Schottelius) .

M. aquatilis (Bolton)

M. aquatilis invisibilis (Vaughan) . .
M. area celsii (Buchner and Sehlen) .
M. (Strepto-) articulorum (Loffler). .
M. (Sarcina) aurantiaca (Lindner

and Koch).
M. (Pedio-) aurantiacus (Cohn and

Schroeter) .
M. aurantiacus sorghi (Bruyning) . .
M. (Sarcina) aurea (Mace)

M. (Staphylo-) aureus

M. "Coccus B" (Foutin)

M. (Asco-) billrothii (Cohn)

M. (Staphylo-) biskrae (Hydenreich)

M. (Strepto-) bombycis (Bechamp) .

M. (Strepto-) of Bonome

M. (Asco-) botryogenes (Bollinger

and Rabe).

M. (Sarcina) Van den Corpat

M. of Bovine Pneumonia (Poels

and Nolen).
M. ( Hcemato-) bovis

Where Found.

M. of Bronchitis (Picchini)

M. butyri aromafaciens (Keith) ....
M. (Strepto-) cadaveris (Sternberg).

31. candicans (Flxigge)

3L (Sarcina) Candida (Reincke) .... I

31. candidus (Cohn)

31. eapillorum

31. carneus (Zimmermann)

M. casei amari (Freudenreich) ....

:M. catarrhalis

:M. (Mycotetraedron) cellare (Hans-

girg).
31- iMycacantho-) cellaris (Hans-

&**)• • „■ ,
M. cerasinus siccus (List)

M. (Staphylo-) cereus albus (Passet)

M. (Staphylo-) cereus aureus

(Schroeter and Winkler).
M. (Staphylo-) cereus flavus (Passet)
M. (Pedio-) cerevisiae (Francke

and Balcke).
M. of Chicken-pox. See M. viridis

flavescens.

M. chlorinus (Cohn)

M. (Strepto-) cinnabareus (Flugge)

M. citreus (List)

M. (Diplo-) citreus conglomeratus
(Bumm).

Hail .

Milk

Milk v

Milk

Butter and cheese

Air, water, milk

Emmerthaler cheese

Water; alimentary tract

Water

Water

Air, water

Vaginal secretions

Vaginal secretions

Skin in eczema

Potato scab

Water

Human milk; pus in osteo-
myelitis.

Well-water

Pus in Aleppo boil

Vesicular eruptions in sheep,
cattle, and pigs.

Water

Water

Diseased hairs in Alopecia areata
Mucous membrane in diphtheria.
Air, water, "Weissbier"

Air, water, soil

Blighted sorghum

Pulmonary exudates in pneumo-
nia cadaver.

Carcinoma

Hail :

Saccharine fluids

Water, air, pus in Aleppo boil
and Biskra button.

Silkworms with "la flecherie" or
"schlafsucht."

Meningeal exudates in cerebro-
spinal meningitis.

Mykodesmoids of horses

Tainted sausage

Lungs of cattle with infectious

pleuro-pneumonia.
Blood and viscera of cattle with

hemoglobinuria.

Sputum in bronchitis

Butter

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver

Air, water

Water and air about breweries . . .

Water

Scalp

Water (Chemnitz)

Bitter Swiss cheese

Nasal and bronchial secretions . . .
Cellar dust and soil

Cellar dust

Water

Pus, water

Nasal secretions in coryza

Acute abscesses

Turbid beer

Water

Air, water, red milk

Water

Air, dust, gonorrheal pus

Primary Characters.

Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Symbiotic-zymogenic with Bacillus

chauvei.
Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (yellowish).
Chromogenic (pink-red).
Chromogenic (yellow).
Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic, chromogenic (orange-
yellow; linoxanthine) .
Chromoparous (orange-yellow) .

Phytopathogenic.
Zymogenic; chromogenic (golden-
yellow).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (red-yellow) .

Chromogenic (red).

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (cherry-red).
Chromogenic (gray).
Chromogenic (orange-red).

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow).
Zymogenic.

Chromophorous (green).
Chromoparous (brick-red to ver-
milion).
Chromoparous (yellow).
Chromogenic (lemon-yellow).

MICROCOCCUS

559

MICROCOCCUS

TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Continued.)

Name.

M. (Diplo-) citreus liquefaciens
(Unna and Tommasoli).

M. (Strepto-) coli gracilis (Esch-
erich).

M. concentricus (Zimmermann) . . . .

M. conglomeratus (Weichselbaum) .

M. (Strepto-) conglomeratus (Kurth)

M. (Strepto-) corona tus (Flugge) . . .

M. (Diplo-) coryza? (Klebs and
Hajek).

M. (Strepto-) coryza? contagiosa?
equorum (Schutz).

M. cremoides (Zimmermann)

M. cumulatus tenuis (Von Besser) . .

M. cyaneus (Schroeter)

M. decalvans (Schroeter)

M. delacourianus (Roze)

M. (Staphylo-) of Dengue (Mc-
Laughlin).

M. of Disse and Taguchi

M. (Strepto-) endocarditidis rugatus

(Weischselbaum) .
M. (Staphylo-) epidermidis albus

(Welch).
M. (Strepto-) erysipelatis (Fehleisen)

M. erythromyxa (Lafar)

M. fervidosus (Adametz)

M. finlayensis (Sternberg)

M. fioccii

M. (Sarcina) flavus (De Bary)

M. flavidus

M. flavus conjunctivae

M. flavus desidens (Flugge)

M. flavus liquefaciens (Flugge)

M. flavus liquefaciens tardus (Unna

and Tommasoli).
M. flavus tardigradus (Flugge)

M. (Diplo-) fluorescens fcetidus;

(Klamann and Rosenbach).
M. of Foot and Mouth Disease

(Schottelius).
M. of Forbes

M. freudenreichii (Guillebeau)

M. (Staphylo-) fulvus (Cohn)

M. (Sarcina) fuscescens (Falken-

heim).
M. fuscus (Maschek)

M. gelatinogenus (Brautigam)

M. gelatinosus

M. ghadialli

M. gingivae pyogenes (Miller)

M. gonorrhoeae (Neisser)

M. "Gray Coccus" (Maschek)

M. gummosus (Happ)

M. haematodes (Babes)

M. (Staphylo-) haemorrhagicus
(Klein).

M. (Strepto-) havaniensis (Stern-
berg).

M. (Strepto-) hollandicus (Weich-
mann).

M. humuli lauensis (Mohl)

M. (Sarcina) hyalina (Kutzing) . . . .

M. imperatoris (Roze)

M. (Strepto-) insectorum (Burrill) . .

M. (Sarcina) intestinalis (Zopf) . . . .

M. (Diplo-) intracellularis menin-
gitidis (Weichselbaum).

M. of Kirchner

M. (Diplo-) lacteus faviformis
(Bumm).

M. (Sphcero-) lactis acidi (Marp-
mann).

M. lactis viscosus (Conn) ,

M. lardarius (Krassilochtchik)

M. latericeus (Dobrzyniecki)

Where Found.

Skin in eczema seborrhceicum

Feces

Water (Chemnitz)

Water

Cases of scarlet-fever

Air

Nasal secretions

Pus of lymphatic glands in horses
having infectious pneumonia.

Water (Chemnitz)

Nasal mucus (man)

Air, water

Scalp in alopecia areata

Potatoes with black gangrene
Blood in cases of dengue

Blood and secretions in broad
condyloma.

On the valvular vegetations of
ulcerative endocarditis.

An almost constant inhabitant
of the epidermis.

Lymph channels in cases of ery-
sipelas.

Water (Halle)

Water

Viscera of yellow-fever cadaver. . .

Conjunctival sac

Beer, cheese, etc

Potato scab

Human conjunctiva

Air, water

Air, water

Skin in cases of eczema sebor-
rhceicum.
Air, water

Human nares

Vesicular eruptions in cattle,
pigs, and sheep.

Diseased larvae of cabbage butter-
fly, Pieris rapas.

Ropy milk

Dung of horses and rabbits

Human stomach

Water

Ropy infusion of digitalis

Ropy milk

Water

Alveolar abscess

Gonorrheal pus

Water

Ropy infusion of senega

Red sweat

Vesicular eruption in sheep with

"gargle."
Vomit of yellow-fever patients

Ropy milk

Hops ,

Marsh water

Potato scab

Diseased Chinch-bugs and other
insects.

Intestines of fowls

Exudates in cerebrospinal men-
ingitis.

Sputum in cases of influenza. . . .*

Normal vaginal mucus

Milk

Bitter milk

Grasserie of silk-worms

Mouth

Primary Characters.

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (brownish-yellow) .

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow).
Saprophytic.
Chromogenic (blue).
Pathogenic.
Phy topathogenic .
Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (red [liporhodinel]

and yellow) .
Chromogenic (faint-yellow).
Chromogenic (pale-yellow).
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic; chromogenic (yellow).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellowish-brown).
Chromoparous (yellow).
Chromogenic (yellow).

Chromoparous (olive-green-yel-
low).
Chromogenic (grass-green- violet) .

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Chromogenic (rose).
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic; chromogenic (dark-
brown).

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (bluish-gray-green) ;
zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (blood-red).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.
Chromogenic (brick-red).

MICROCOCCUS

560

MICROCOCCUS

TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Continued.)

Name.

M. (Strepto-) liquefaciens (Stern-
berg).

M. liquefaciens conjunctivae

M. (Sarcina) litoralis (Oersted)

M. loewenbergii

M. (Sarcina) lutea (Schroeter) ....

M. (Diplo-) luteus (Adametz)

M. luteus (Schroeter)

M. lyssae (Neisser)

M. (Slrepto-) manfredii

M. (Strepto-) of Manneberg

M. (Strepto-) of Marmorek

M. (Strepto-) mastobius (Nocard,
Malereau, and Kitt).

M. (Sarcina) maxima (Lindner)

Meningococcus. See M. intracellu-
lars meningitidis.

M. melitensis (Bruce)

M. (Asco-) mesenterioides (Cien-
kowski and Van Tieghem).

M. (Coleothrix) methystes (Veley) . .

M. (Sarcina) minuta (De Bary)

M. (Strepto-) mirabilis (Roscoe and
Lunt).

M. (Strepto-) monomorphous (Buj-
wid and Heryng).

M. (Strepto-) morbillosus (Klebs
and Keating).

M. (Sarcina) morrhua?

M. (Sarcina) of Mouth and Lungs
(Fischer) .

M. (Diplo-) of Mumps (Von Ley-
den).

M. (Strepto-) of Mycosis fungoides
(Rindfleisch and Auspetz).

M. nasalis (Hack)

M. neoformans

M. nitrificans (Van Tieghem)

M. (Sarcina) nobilis (Maurea)

M. nuclei (Roze)

M. (Strepto-) ochroleucus (Prove

and Legrain).
M. orbicularis flavus (Ravenel) . . . .
M. (Diplo-) orchitidis (Hugouneng

and Eraud).

M. osteomyelitidis (Becker)

M. ovalis (Escherich)

M. (Diplo-) of Ozena (Loewenberg) .
M. (Sarcina) paludosa (Schroeter)..

M. pellucidus (Roze) . . .

M. (Diplo-) of Pemphigus acutus

(Gibier).
M. (Strepto-) peritonitidis equi

(Hamburg) .
M. (Diplo-) of Pertussis (Ritter) . . .

M. petrolei (Renault)

M. pfluegeri (Ludwig)

M. phosphoreus (Conn)

M. plumosus (Brautigam)

M. (Diplo-) of Pneumonia (Fraen-

kel).

M. porcellorum

M. of Progressive Abscess-formation

in Rabbits (Koch).
M. of Progressive Lymphoma of

Animals.
M. of Progressive Tissue Necrosis

in Mice (Koch).

M. pseudocyanus (Cohn)

M. (Strepto-) psittaci (Eberth and

Wolf).
M. (Sarcina) pulmonum (Hauser)..

M. putatus (Ravenel)

M. putridus

M. of Pyemia in Rabbits (Koch) . . .

M. (Strepto-) pyogenes (Rosenbach)
M. (Staphylo-) pyogenes albus

(Rosenbach).
M. (Staphylo-) pyogenes aureus

(Rosenbach).

Where Found.

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver

Normal human conjunctiva

Sea-water

Nose in ozena

Water, potatoes, conjunctival sac

Water

Air, water, soil

Spinal cord of rabid animals

In progressive granuloma forma-
tion; pneumonia sputum.

Urine in acute nephritis

In erysipelas

Milk of sheep with gangrenous
mastitis.

Malt mashes

Malta fever

Beet-root-sap; molasses

Faulty rum

Sour milk /.

Sewage

Benign pharyngeal ulcers

Blood and exudates in measles . . .

Codfish

Human mouth and lungs

Parotid saliva

Tissues in cases of granuloma fun-
goides.

Nasopharynx

Malta fever

Soil

Old ascitic fluid

Potatoes

Human urine

Soil

Orchitis

Osteomyelitis

Meconium and feces of infants . . .

Nasal secretions

Marsh-water

Potato scab .:

Bullas of pemphigus

Exudates in horses dead of peri-
tonitis.

Sputum of whooping-cough

"Boghead" coal

Luminous meat

Fish

Water

Pulmonary exudate in acute lobar
pneumonia.

Swine with hepatitis

Exudates of rabbits inoculated
with putrid blood.

Sputa of pneumonia after measles.

Exudates of mice inoculated with
putrid blood.

Air

Disease of gray parrots

Sputum

Soil

Water

Exudates of rabbits inoculated
with putrid flesh.

Pus .... .

Stitch abscess .

Air, soil, water, pus

Primary Characters.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic; chromogenic (red).
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic; chromoparous (yel-
low).
Chromogenic (lemon-yellow).
Chromoparous (sulphur-yellow) .
Insufficiently studied.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.

Zymogenic; chromogenic (brick-
red).
Saprophytic.
Chromoparous (sulphur-yellow).

Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic; zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Phytopathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Saprophytic.

Photogenic.

Photogenic.

Chromogenic (yellowish).

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (verdigris-green).
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic; zymogenic; chromo-
genic (orange-yellow).

MICROCOCCUS

561

MICROCOCCUS

TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Continued.)

Name.

M. (Staphylo-) pyogenes citreus

(Passet)
M. (Strepto-) pyogenes maligni

(Krause and Fliigge).
M. pyogenes tenuis (Rosenbach) . . .
M. (Diplo-) pyogenes urea? (Rdrs-

ing).
M. (Diplo-) pyogenes urea? flavus

(Rorsing) .
M. (Staphylo-) pyosepticus (Richet)

M. (Strepto-) radiatus (Fliigge)

M. (Sarcina) reitenbachii (Caspary)

M. (Sarcina) renis (Hepworth)

M. rheumaticus (Poynton and

Payre).

M. of Rhine Water (Burri)

M. rhodocrous

M. (Sarcina) rosea (Menge and

Schroeter) .
M. of Rose-red Disease of Wheat

(Prillieux).

M. rosettaceus (Zimmermann)

M. (Diplo-) roseus (Bumm)

M. roseus (Maggiora)

M. (Strepto-) rubiginosus (Eding-

ton).
M. (Staphylo-) salivarius pyogenes

(Biondi).
M. (Strepto-) sanguinis canis (Pit-
field).

M. saprogenes vini (Kramer)

M. scarlatinosus (Cose and Feltz) . .

M. of Schmidt-Mulheim

M. of. Schiitz

M. (Strepto-) of Septicemia in

Rabbits (Koch).

M. (Strepto-) septicus (Fliigge)

M. (Strepto-) septicus liquefaciens

(Babes).
M. (Strepto-) septopyaemicus (Bi-
ondi).

M. sialosepticus

M. sordidus (Dyar)

M. sornthalii (Adametz)

M. stellatus (Maschek)

M. (Diplo-) subflavus (Flugge)

M. of Syphilis (Haberkon and

Marcus).
M. tetragenus (Achard and Gaillard)
M. tetragenus (Bosc and Galarielle)

M. tetragenus (Gaffky)

M. tetragenus (Marotta)

M. tetragenus febris flavse (Finlay

and Sternberg).
M. tetragenus mobilis ventriculi

(Mendosa).
M. tetragenus subflavus (Von

Besser).
M. (Strepto-) toxicatus (Burrill)
M. of Trachoma (Sattler and

Michel).
M. (Diplo-) of Trachoma (Sny-

daeker) .

M. uberis (Dinwiddie)

M. unnae (Lareddo)

Where Found.

Pus.

M. ureae (Pasteur and Cohn)

M. (Strepto-) ureas liquefaciens
(Fliigge).

M. (Sarcina) urinas (Welcker)

M. urinae albus olearius (Doyen) . . .
M. urinae flavus olearius (Doyen) . . .

M. urinae major (Doyen)

M. urinalbus (Doyen)

M. (Strepto-) varians (Ewart)

M. (Strepto-) variolas et vaccinae

(Cohn).
M. (Sarcina) ventriculi (Goodsir) . .

M. (Strepto-) vermiformis (Mas-
chek).
M. versatilis

Leukemic spleen.

Pus

Purulent urine .

Purulent urine .

Carcinomatous tumor of dog

Air, water

Decaying water-plants

Lungs in tuberculous cadavers

Blood and synovial fluid in acute
rheumatic fever.

Water (Rhine)

Stomach of goose

Air, red milk, beer

Bacteriosis of wheat .

Water (Chemnitz) ,

Air

On the skin

Case of scarlatina.

Saliva of child with scarlatina . . .
Blood of dogs

Wine

Blood, skin, mouth, etc., of scar-
let-fever patient.

Milk...

Slimy milk

Exudates of rabbits inoculated
with putrid flesh.

Soil

Case of septicemia

Phlegmonous angina .

Primary Characters.

Saliva in case of septicemia

Water

Puffy Sornthal cheese

Water

Vaginal mucus

White blood-corpuscles in case of
syphilis.

Variolous vesicle

Gangrenous pulmonary cavity

Acute angina, "Angine sableuse" .

Vesicles in small-pox

Case of yellow-fever

Stomach

Nasal mucus .

On poison ivy

Secretions and nodules in tra-
choma.
Secretions in trachoma

Milk

Vesicles in acute and chronic
eczema.

Air, water, ammoniacal urine

Urine

Urine

Urine of cystitis

Urine of cystitis

Urine of cystitis

Urine in cystitis and pyelone-
phritis.

Water

Lymph of vaccine pustules

Diseased stomach ....

Water

Yellow-fever cadaver.

Pathogenic; chromogenic (lemon-
yellow).
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (yellow- green).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (red), liporhodine.

Chromogenic (intense red).

Phytopathogenic.

Chromogenic (grayish-yellow).
Chromogenic (pink).
Chromogenic (pink).
Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenesis under termined.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.
Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (brownish-yellow) .

Pathogenic.

Chromogenic (red).

Chromogenic (yellow).

Pathogenic.

Zymogenic; pathogenic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow) .

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic.
Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (golden-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromophorous (green).
Pathogenic.

Zymogenic; chromoparous (faint-
yellow) .
Chromogenic (yellow).

Saprophytic.

MICROCOCCUS

562

MICROPATHOLOGY

TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Concluded.)

Name.

M. versicolor (Fliigge)

M. (A sco-) vibrans (Van Tieghem) .

M. (Strepto-) vini perda

M. (Sarcina) violaceus (Kutzing) . . .

M. violaceus (Cohn)

M. violaceus (Schroeter)

M. (Staphylo-) viridis flavescens
(Guttmann).

M. viscosus (Pasteur) ....".

M. viticulosus (Katz and Fliigge) . .

M. of Weigmann

M. (Sarcina) welckerii (Rossmann).
M. of Whooping-cough (Letzerich) .
M. (Crypto-) xanthogenicus (Freire) .

Where Found.

Air, water

Water

Spoiled wine

Water

Water

Air, water

Lymph of varicella pustules

Ropy wort and beer

Air, water

Slimy milk, "langerwei". . .

Urine

Sputum in whooping-cough .
Yellow-fever

Primary Characters.

Chromogenic (green-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Chromogenic (violet).

Chromoparous (violet-blue).

Chromo parous (violet).

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow).

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Zymogenic.

Pathogenesis undetermined.

Pathogenic.

microcyst (mi'-kro-sist) [micro-; kvo-tis, a cyst].
A cyst ot very small size.

microcytase (mi-kro-si'-tase). An enzyme found
in leukocytes and capable of digesting microorgan-
isms.

microcyte (mi'-kro-sit) [micro-; kvtos, a cell]. A
small red blood-corpuscle.

microcythemia, microcythaemia (mi-kro-si-the'-me-
ah) [microcyte; alpa, blood]. A condition of the
blood characterized by abnormally small erythro-
cytes.

microcytosis (mi-kro-si-to'-sis). Same as micro-
cythemia.

microdactylia (mi-kro-dak-til'-e-ah) [micro-; Sax-
tuXos, finger]. Abnormal smallness of the fingers.

microdont (mi'-kro-dont) [micro-; odovs, tooth].
Having small teeth.

microdontism (mi-kro-don'-tizm) [micro-; 65ovs,
tooth]. Abnormal smallness of the teeth.

microelectrometer (mi-kro-e-lek-trom'-e-ter) [micro- ;
electrometer]. An apparatus for estimating minute
amounts and intensities of electricity.

microfarad (mi-kro-far'-ad). The one-millionth
part of a farad, q. v.

microgalvanic (mi-kro-gal-van'-ik). Relating to
very small galvanic currents.

microgamete (mi-kro-gam'-et) [micro-; yapos,
marriage]. A male sexual cell among sporozoa.

microgametocyte (mi-kro-gam-ef -o-sit) . The cell
which produces the microgametes in Protozoa.

microgamy (mi-krog'-am-e) [micro-; ya.fj.os, mar-
riage]. Conjugation between young protozoan cells.

microgastria (mi-kro-gas'-tre-ah) [micro-; yao-Trjp,
stomach]. Smallness of the stomach.

microgenesis (mi-kro-jen'-es-is) [micro-; y'&tavi,
origin]. Abnormally small development of a part.

microgenia (mi-kro-je'-ne-ah) [micro-; yeveiov,
chin]. Abnormal or congenital smallness of the
chin.

microglossia (mi-kro-glos'-e-ah) [micro-; y\u>aro-a,
tongue]. Abnormal smallness of the tongue.

micrognathia (mi-krog-na'-the-ah) [micro-; yvados,
jaw]. Abnormal smallness of the jaws, especially
of the lower jaw.

microgonidium (mi-kro-go-nid'-e-um) [micro-; yovi},
generation, seed: pi., microgonidia]. In biology, a
relatively small-sized gonidium.

microgram (mi'-kro-gram) [micro-; gram]. A
millionth part of a gram.

micrograph (mi'-kro-graf) [micro-; ypa<peii>, to
delineate], i. A device for enabling one to draw
sketches on a very small scale. 2. An instrument
that magnifies the vibrations of a diaphragm and
records them on a moving photographic film.

micrography (mi-krog'-ra-fe) [micro-; ypafaiv, to
write]. 1. A description of bodies that are studied
under the microscope. 2. Very minute writing.

microgyria (mi-kro-ji'-re-ah) [micro-; yvpos, gyrus].
Smallness of the convolutions of the brain.

microhistology (mi-kro-his-tol'-o-je). Synonym of
micristology.

microhm (mi'-krom) [micro-; ohm]. The millionth
part of an ohm.

microkinesis (mi-kro-kin-e'-sis) [micro-; Kivr/cns,
motion]. Involuntary muscular movements, espe-
cially in infants.

microlentia (mi-kro-len'-te-ah) [micro-; lens]. The
state of having an abnormally small crystalline lens.

microliter (mi'-kro-le-ter) [micro-; liter]. The
millionth part of a liter.

microlith (mi'-kro-lith) [micro-; \lOos, stone]. A
microscopic calculus.

micrology '(mi-krol'-o-je) [micro-; \6yos, a treatise].
A treatise on minute objects, especially microscopic
objects.

micromania (mi-kro-ma'-ne-ah) [micro-; mania].
A form of insanity in which the patient believes
himself diminutive in size and mentally inferior.

micromazia (mi-kro-ma'-ze-ah). An abnormal
smallness of the breasts.

micromelia (mi-kro-me'-le-ah) [micro-; pk\os, limb].
Abnormal smallness of the limbs.

micromelus (mi-krom'-el-us) [micro-; pe\os, a
limb]. A single autositic monster of the species
ectromelus, characterized by the presence of ab-
normally small limbs.

micromerology (mi-kro-me-rol'-o-je) [micro-; pkpos,
part; X670J, science]. The science of anatomical
segments.

micrometer (mi-krom'-et-er) [micro-; pkrpov, a
measure]. An instrument designed for measuring
minute objects seen through the microscope, m.,
eyepiece, m., ocular, a micrometer to be used with
the eyepiece of a microscope, m.-screw, a fine
screw with a scale attached showing the distance
passed at each fraction of a revolution, m., stage-,
a micrometer attached to the stage of a micro-
scope.

micrometry (mi-krom'-et-re) [micrometer]. The
measurement of objects by a micrometer.

micromil (mi'-kro-mil). An abbreviation of micro-
millimeter.m

micromillimeter (mi-kro-miV '-im-e-ter) [micro-; mil-
limeter]. 1. The one-millionth part of a millimeter.
2. More commonly used to denote the one- thousandth
part of a millimeter or the one-millionth part of a
meter. It is the unit of microscopic measurements,
and is the equivalent of sdta?? of an English inch.
Symbol p.. Syn., micron.

micrommatous (mi-krom'-at-us) [micro-; oppa,
eye]. Small-eyed.

micromotoscope (mi-kro-mo'-to-skop) [micro-; mov-
ere, to move; a-Koirelv, to view]. An apparatus for
photographing and exhibiting motile microorganisms.

micromyelia (mi-kro-mi-e'-le-ah) [micro-; pveXSs,
marrow]. Abnormal smallness of the myel, or
spinal cord.

micron (mi'-kron). See micromillimeter (2).

micronemous (mi-kron' -em-us) [micro-; vrjpa, a
thread]. Furnished with short filaments.

micronucleus (mi-kro-nu'-kle-us) [micro-; nucleus],
A small or minute nucleus. In biology, Maupas'
term for the paranucleus, or the nucleolus of other
authorities.

micro-organism (mi-kro-or'-gan-izm) [micro- ; organ-
ism] . A microscopic being of the animal or vegetable
kingdom, especially the vegetable group known as
bacteria.

microparasite (mi-kro-par'-as-it) [micro-; irapaxnTos,
a parasite]. A parasitic bacterium or other micro-
organism.

micropathological (mi-kro-path-o-loj'-ik-al) [micro- ;
■n-affos, disease; \6yos, science]. Pertaining to micro-
pathology.

micropathology (mi-kro-path-ol'-o-je) [micro-; path-
ology]. 1. The study of minute pathological changes.

MICROPENIS

563

MIDGUT

2. The study of microorganisms in their relation
to disease.

micropenis (mi-kro-pe'-nis). Abnormal smallness
of the penis.

microphage (mi'-kro-fdj) [micro-; <bayeiv, to devour].
A small phagocyte.

microphagus {mi-krof'-ag-us). A microphage.

microphonia (mi-kro-fo'-be-ah) . See microbiophobia.

microphone {mi'-kro-fon) [micro-; <buvh., sound].
An instrument that amplifies feeble sounds and
renders them audible.

microphonograph (mi-kro-fo'-no-graf). A combi-
nation of the microphone and the phonograph.

microphonoscope (mi-kro-fo'-no-skop) [micro-; fyutvi),
sound; aKo-welv, to view]. A binaural stethoscope
with a membrane in the chest-piece to accentuate
the sound.

microphotograph {mi-kro-fo'-to-graf) [micro-; photo-
graph}, i. A photograph of microscopic size. 2. See
photomicrograph.

microphthalmus (mi-krof-thal'-mus) [micro-; cxbddh-
Itbs, eye], 1. The condition of having an ab-
normally small eye. 2. A person having such an
eye.

microphyte (mi-kro'-fit) [micro-; <j>vr6v, a plant].
Any microscopic plant, especially one that is para-
sitic.

micropia (mi-kro'-pe-ah). See micropsia.

microplanar (mi-kro-pla'-nar) [micro-; planus,
flat]. The name given to anastigmatic objectives
of the most perfect correction, and designed especially
for use in photographing small objects, like embryos,
and for microprojection.

microplasia {mi-kro-pla'-ze-ah) [micro-; vXcutls,
a molding]. Arrested development.

micropolariscope (mi-kro-po-lar'-is-kop) [micro-;
Polaris, polar; oko-kHv, to view]. A polariscope used
in connection with a microscope.

microprojection {mi-kro-pro-jek'-shun). The pro-
jection of the image of microscopic objects on a
screen.

microprosopa (mi-kro-pro-so'-pah) [micro-; irpoau-
■kov, face]. Congenital smallness of the face.

microprotein (mi-kro-pro'-te-in). See mycoprotein.

micropsia (mi-krop'-se-ah) [micro-; 6\J/is, sight].
A defective state of vision in which objects appear
very small.

micropsychia (mi-kro-si'-ke-ah) [micro-; ipvxv,
mind]. Weak-mindedness.

micropus (mi-kro'-pus) [micro-; irovs, foot]. Ab-
normal smallness of the feet; a congenital defect.

micropyle (mi'-kro-pil) [micro-; itiiXtj, gate; orifice].
The small opening in an ovum through which the
spermatozoon may penetrate.

microrrhinia (mi-kro-rin'-e-ah) [micro-; pis, nose].
Congenital atrophy or smallness of the nose.

microscelous {mi-kros'-el-us) [micro-; oxeAos, leg].
Short-legged.

microscope (mi'-kro-skop) [micro-; aKowelv, to
view]. An apparatus through which minute objects
are rendered visible. It consists of a lens or group
of lenses by which a magnified image of the object
is produced, m., binocular, a microscope having
divergent oculars, one for each eye, so that the
object is seen with both eyes, m., compound, one
that consists of two or more lenses or lens-systems,
of which one, the objective, placed near the object,
gives an enlarged and inverted real image; the other,
the ocular, acting like a simple microscope, gives an
enlarged virtual image of the real image, m., simple,
one consisting of one or more lenses or lens-systems
acting as a single lens. The rays of light that enter
the eye of the observer, after refraction through
these lenses, proceed directly from the object
itself.

microscopic (mi-kro-skop'-ik) [microscope]. 1. Per-
taining to the microscope. 2. Visible only with the
aid of a microscope.

microscopist (mi-kros'-ko-pist) [microscope]. One
who is skilled in the use of the microscope.

microscopy (mi-kros'-ko-pe) [microscope]. The
use of the microscope; examination with the micro-
scope.

microseme (mi'-kro-sem) [micro-; <rrjp.a, sign;
index]. Having the orbital index less than 83.

microsmatic (mi-kros-mat'-ik) [micro-; 607x17, a
smell]. Having ill-developed olfactory organs.

microsol (mi'-kro-sol). Trade name of an anti-
septic mixture of copper sulphocarbolate, copper
-sulphate and diluted sulphuric acid.

microsoma (mi-kro-so'-mah) [micro-; acbua, body].
In biology, small chromatin-granules in the cell-
nuclei.

microsomia (mi-kro-so'-me-ah) [see microsoma].
Abnormal smallness of the whole body.

microspectroscope (mi-kro-spek'-tro-skop) [micro-;
spectrum; aicoirelv, to view]. A spectroscope used
in connection with the ocular of a microscope, and
by means of which the spectra of microscopic objects
can be examined.

microsphyxia (mi-kro-sfiks'-e-ah) [micro-; <r<pv%i$,
pulse]. Weakness or smallness of the pulse.

Microspira (mi-kros'-pir-ah) [micro-; arwelpa, a
coil]. A genus of Spirillacece with rigid cells, and
one, rarely two or three polar flagella.

Microspironema (mi-kro-spi-ro-ne'-mah) . A genus
of protozoa, same as Spironema, q. v.

microsplanchnus {mi-kro-splangk' -nus) [micro-;
airKayxvov, viscus]. Having small viscera.

Microsporidia (mi-kro-spor-id'-e-ah) [micro-; airopos,
seed]. A genus of the class of Sporozoa, occurring
as parasites in the muscles of the frog, the marsh-
tortoise, worms, and insects.

microsporon (mi-kro-spo'-ron) [see microsporidia].
A fungus to which several diseases of the skin and
hair are believed to be due. m. furfur. See tinea
versicolor.

microstat (mi'-kro-stat) [micro-; ararbs, fixed].
The stage and finder of the miscrocope.

microstethophone {mi-kro-steth'-o-fon) [micro-;
crTrjdos, chest; ip&irq, sound]. A stethoscope which
magnifies the sounds heard.

microstethoscope (mi-kro-steth'-o-skop) [micro-;
stethoscope]. A stethoscope which magnifies the
sounds heard.

microsthenic {mi-kro-sthen'-ik) [micro-; trdevos,
power]. Having feeble muscular power.

microtesia (mi-kro-te'-ze-ah) [puKporris, smallness].
Congenital smallness of part of the body.

microstomia (mi-kro-sto'-me-ah) [micro-; <rr6xta,
mouth]. Abnormal smallness of the mouth.

microtherm (mi'-kro-therm) [micro-; Bkpp.^, heat].
An organism in which the life-processes are carried
on at a low temperature.

microtia (mi-kro'-she-ah) [micro-; ovs, ear]. Ab-
normal smallness of the external ear.

microtome (mi'-kro-tom) [micro-; Tkpv&.v, to cut].
An instrument for making thin sections for micro-
scopic examination, m., freezing, one in which the
tissue is frozen, in order to secure the hardness re-
quired for properly cutting sections.

microtomy (mi-krot'-o-me) [microtome]. Section-
cutting.

microtrichia (mi-kro-trik'-e-ah) [micro-; 0pl£, hair].
Shortness or fineness of the hair.

microunit (mi-kro-u' -nit) . A unit of minute
measurements; the one-millionth part of an ordinary
unit.

microvolt (mi'-kro-volt). One-millionth of a volt.

microxycyte (mi-kroks'-is-it) [micro-; 6£us, sharp;
kvtos, a cell], A cell containing fine oxyphil granules
and a more or less pigmented nucleus, occurring in
the peritoneal fluid of infected subjects.

microxyphil (mi-kroks'-e-fil) . See microxycyte.

microzyme (mi'-kro-zim) [micro-; fu/ij/, leaven].
One of certain minute particles of living matter that
are by some supposed to be living organisms capable
of an independent existence, and which are the cause
of normal and pathological fermentation; the real
agents of the functions of the organism, the perversion
of whose function constitutes disease.

miction (mik'-shun) . Same as micturition.

mictocystis (mik-to-sis'-tis) [piktos, mixed; kvcttls,
a bag]. An organic sac made up of different textures.

mictopyous (mik-top'-e-us) [jiiktos, mixed; irvov,
pus]. Mixed with pus.

micturition (mik-tu-rish'-un) [micturire, to urinate].
The act of passing urine, m.-center, the center
governing the act of micturition; it is situated in the
lumbar region of the spinal cord.

mid- [AS., mid, middle; with]. A prefix meaning
middle; also with.

midaxilla (mid-aks-il'-ah) . The center of the axilla.

midbody (mid'-bod-e). A mass of granules formed
in the equator of the spindle during the anaphase of
mitosis.

midbrain. The mesencephalon.

midfrontal. Pertaining to the middle of the fore-
head.

midgut. See mesogasler.

MIDOL

564

MILK

midol (mid'-ol). A proprietary headache remedy
containing pyramidon and caffeine.

midriff [mid-; hrif, belly]. The diaphragm.

midsternum (mid-ster'-num) [mid-; sternum]. The
mesosternum.

midwife [mid; wif, a woman]. A female nurse,
or other woman, who attends women in childbirth.

midwifery [midwife]. Obstetrics.

Miescher's tubes (me'-sher) [Johann Friedrich
Miescher, German pathologist, 1811-1887]. Proto-
plasmic masses (Sarcosporidia) surrounded by a
distinct cuticle, and breaking up into a series of
spores when mature; they are met in the muscular
tissue of domestic animals.

migraf (mi'-graf). A portable microscope and
camera combined, designed for the observation of
microscopic objects and for making a quick and
permanent record of the same.

migrainator (mig'-ra-ria-tor). An apparatus for
the relief of migraine consisting of two plates held
by a spring for the compression of the temporal
arteries and regulation of the circulation of the blood
in the head.

migraine {me' -gran) [Fr., from ^tn> half; upavlov,
skull]. A paroxysmal affection characterized by
headache, usually unilateral, and by gastric, vaso-
motor, and visual disturbances.

migrainin (mig'-ra-nin) [migraine]. A name given
to a mixture of antipyrine, citric acid, and caffeine.
It is used for the treatment of migraine, of the head-
ache of influenza, and of that due to alcohol, tobacco,
and morphine. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) in 24
hours.

migration (mi-gra'-shun) [migrare, to wander].
A wandering, m., external (of the ovum), the
passage of the ovum from an ovary to the tube
of the opposite side, m., internal (of the ovum),
the passage of the ovum through the tube related
to the ovary from which the ovule was discharged,
into the uterus and across into the opposite tube.
m. of ovum, the passage of the ovum from the ovary
to the Fallopian tube. m. of white corpuscles, one
of the phenomena of inflammation, consisting in the
passage of the white corpuscles of the blood through
the vessel-wall.

migratory (mi'-grat-o-re) [migrare, to wander].
Characterized by wandering, or changing locality.
m. pneumonia. See -pneumonia migrans.

migrol (mig'-rol). A proprietary remedy for
migraine, said to consist of caffeine, sodium bicarbo-
nate, and guaiacetin.

migrosine (mig'-ro-sin). A mixture of menthol
and acetic ether used in migraine.

mika operation (mi'-kah) [African]. A method
in vogue among certain African tribes for the purpose
of preventing impregnation. It consists in the
formation of a permanent urethro-perineal fistula
in the male.

mikozone (mi'-ko-zon). A variety of chlorodyne,
used as a hypnotic and sedative.

mikro- (mi'-kro-). See micro-.

mikron (mi'-kron). Same as micron.

Mikulicz's cells (mik'-oo-lits) [Johannes von
Mikulicz, Polish surgeon, 1850-1005]. Vesicular
cells found in the diseased tissue in cases of rhino-
scleroma and containing Bacillus rhinoscleromatis.
M.'s dictum, that it is highly dangerous to give a
general anesthetic to a patient whose hemoglobin
percentage is below 30. M.'s disease, chronic
hypertrophic enlargement of the lacrimal and
salivary glands. M.'s drain, a method of draining
the abdominal cavity after operation. A piece of
iodoform-gauze, with a string tied to its center, is
placed in the cavity, and into this improvised sac
considerably more gauze is packed. Pressure is thus
induced while the capillary action of the sac secures
drainage. M.'s operation. 1. For the removal of
tonsillar tumors: it is done by an incision through the
neck, the cut extending from the mastoid process
downward and forward as far as the great cornu of
the hyoid bone; the ascending ramus of the jaw is
then resected and the wall of the pharynx is divided ;
a preliminary tracheotomy is performed. 2. For
larsectomy: the same as Wladimiroff's operation, but
independently designed.

mil [mille, a thousand]. 1. The one-thousandth
part of an inch. 2. The one-thousandth part of a
liter; the modern equivalent of a cubic centimeter.
m., circular, the area of a circle the one-thousandth
of an inch in diameter.

milammeter {mil-am' -et-ur). Same as milliampere-
meter.

milchlin (miltsh'-lin). A condensed skimmed
milk; when diluted with water it is said to resemble
ordinary milk.

mildew (mil'-du) [AS., melededw, honey-dew]. A
common name for minute fungi parasitic on plants,
and also found on dead vegetable substances.

mildiol (mil'-di-ol). A disinfectant said to consist
of a mixture of creosote and petroleum.

milfoil (mil' -foil). See Achillea.

miliaria (mil-e-a'-re-ah) [milium]. An acute in-
flammatory disease of the sweat-glands, the lesions
consisting of vesicles and papules, accompanied by a
pricking or tingling sensation. It occurs especially
in summer, is due to excessive sweating, runs an
acute or subacute course, and is followed by slight
desquamation. Relapses are common, m. alba,
m. arthritica, a form occurring only in those affected
with gouty or rheumatic cardiac disease, m. crystal-
lina, a variety of miliaria in which the sweat accumu-
lates under the superficial horny layers of the epi-
dermis to form small, clear, transparent vesicles.
Syn., sudamina crystallina. m. papulosa, the well-
known "prickly heat." m. rubra. See miliaria.

miliary (mil'-e-a-re) [milium]. 1. Of the size of a
millet-seed, as miliary aneurysm, miliary tubercle.
2. Attended or characterized by the formation of
numerous lesions the size of a millet-seed, as miliary
tuberculosis, m. fever. See miliaria, m. tubercu-
losis. See tuberculosis, miliary.

milium (mil'-e-um) [L., "millet-seed"]. 1. A
disease of the skin characterized by the formation of
small, pearly, noninflammatory elevations (milia)
situated mainly on the face. It is due to the occlu-
sion of the ducts of sebaceous follicles, the secretion
of which accumulates and distends the follicles.
2. One of the elevations characteristic of milium.
m., amyloid. Synonym of molluscum contagiosumr
a. v. m., colloid, a rare skin-disease characterized
by the presence, especially on the bridge of the nose,
forehead, and cheeks, of minute, shining, flat, or
slightly raised lesions of a pale-lemon or bright-
lemon color. It is a form of colloid degeneration of
the skin, affecting persons of middle or advanced age.

milk. The opaque white secretion of the mam-
mary glands of the female of mammalia. Cream
from which the fatty matter has been removed

0

5

8

s

s

i

-§

^

1

"3

1

Human milk. . .

2.90

2.4O

0.57

5.87

0.16

12.00

88.OO

Cow's milk ....

3-50

3.98

0.77

4.00

0.17

13-13

86.87

Camel's milk. . .

2.90

3

84

5.66

0.66

13.06

86.94

Goat's milk. . . .

4.20

3.00

0.62

4.00

0.56

12.46

87.54

Ass's milk

1.02

1.09

0.70

5-50.

0.42

8.83

91.17

Mare's milk . . .

2.50

2.19

0.42

5.5o

0.50

11.20

88.80

Sheep's milk . . .

5-30

6.10

1. 00

4.20 ! 1. 00

17-73

82.27

is known as buttermilk. Skimmed milk is that
from which the cream has been removed, m.-
catalase, an enzyme of cow's milk capable of decom-
posing hydrogen dioxide and similar compounds;
it is rendered inactive by heating to 8o° C. m.,
condensed, cow's milk from which a large part of the
water has been evaporated, a syrupy liquid remaining
which is preserved with or without the addition of
sugar, m.-crust. See crusta lactea. m.-cure, the
method of treating certain diseases by an exclusive
diet of milk, m.-cyst, a cyst of the galactophorous
duct, m., diabetic, a prepared milk containing a
small percentage of lactose, m.-fever, a slight rise
of temperature attending the establishment of the
secretion of milk. It is due to a mild degree of septic

MILKINE

565

MIRROR

intoxication, m.-leg. See phlegmasia alba dolens.
m.-punch, a preparation made by adding brandy,
whisky, or rum to milk in the proportion of about
•one to four or six parts, and flavoring with sugar and
nutmeg, m.-sickness, a disease of cattle communi-
cable to persons who drink their milk or eat their flesh;
it is marked by chills and trembling, vomiting, and
disorder of the alimentary functions, m.-somatose,
a food-preparation similar to somatose made from
meat but containing 5 % of tannin, m.-spot. See
strophtdus. m.-sugar, the sweet principle of milk;
lactose, q. v. m.-teeth, the teeth of the first dentition,
m.-tester, a lactometer, m.-tumor, a tumor of the
breast from retention of milk, m.-vine, the plant
Periploca grceca. m., virgin's, rose water rendered
milky by the addition of tincture of benzoin.

milkine {mil' -ken). A concentrated compound of
cow's milk, so %; malted cereals, 44 %, beef, 5 %\
calcium hydroxide, 0.5 %; and sodium chloride,
0.5 %. It is a light yellow powder with sweet taste
and marked odor.

Millar's disease (mil'-ar) [John Millar, Scottish
physician, 1735-1801]. Laryngismus stridulus.

Millard-Gubler's syndrome. See Gubler's hemi-
plegia.

Millard's test for albumin in urine (mil'-ard) [Henry
B. Millard, American physician, 1832-1893]. Add a
mixture of carbolic acid, acetic acid, and liquor
potassa? to the suspected urine; if albumin is present
a white precipitate will be thrown down.

milli- (mil-e-) [mille, thousand]. A prefix meaning
a thousand.

milliamperage (mil-e-am' -par-ahzj) . The ex-
pression of electric current-strength in milliamperes.

milliampere (mil-e-am'-pdr) [milli-, ampere]. One-
thousandth of an ampere = 1 volt divided by
1000.

milliamperemeter (mil-e-am-par' -me-ter) [millim-
pere; p-erpov, a measure]. An instrument for measur-
ing the strength of an electric current.

millicurie (mil-e-kur'-re) [milli-; curie]. One
thousandth part of a curie.

milligram (mil'-e-gram) [milli-; gram]. A thous-
andth part of a gram.

milliliter (mil' -il-e-ter) [milli-; liter]. A thousandth
part of a liter.

millimeter (mil' -im-e-ter) [milli-; meter]. A thous-
andth part of a meter.

millinormal (mil-in-or'-mal) [milli- ; normal]. Con-
taining a thousandth part of what is normal.

Millon's reagent (mil'-on) [Auguste Nicolas
Eugene Millon, French chemist, 1812-1867]. A
reagent made by dissolving 10 Gm. of mercury in
20 Gm. of nitric acid, diluting the solution with an
equal volume of water, and decanting in 24 hours.
With proteins and with derivatives of benzene and
naphthalene it gives a red color (Millon's test). M.'s
test. See under M.'s reagent.

millstone-maker's phthisis. A form of pneu-
monokoniosis due to the inhalation of fine particles
in the manufacture of millstones.

mill-tooth. A grinder; a molar tooth.

milphosis (mil-fo'-sis) [p.l\<puais, baldness]. Bald-
ness of the eyebrows.

milt. The spleen, m. sickness, splenic fever, or
anthrax, in cattle.

milzbrand (milts' -brand) [Ger.]. Anthrax.

mimesis (mim-e'-sis) [p.ip.r)<ri.s, imitation]. 1. Mimi-
cry. 2. The assumption of the symptoms of one
disease by another disease.

mimetic (mim-et'-ik) [plpos, an actor]. Imitative;
mimic, m. labor, false labor, m. paralysis, paralysis
■of the facial muscles, m. spasm, spasm of the
facial muscles.

mimic (mim'-ik). See mimetic.

mimicry (mim'-ik-re) [jj.Zp.os, an actor]. Imitation.

mimmation (mim-a'-shun) [Ar., mim, the name of
the letter m]. The unduly frequent use of the sound
of the letter m in speech.

mimochasmesis (mim-o-kaz-me'-sis) [mimic; [xcur-
firjais, yawning]. Imitative yawning.

mimography (mim-og'-ra-fe) [mimic; ypatpw, to
write]. Sign-language used by deaf-mutes.

mimosis (mim-o'-sis). Same as mimesis.

min. Abbreviation of minimum, or minim, the
60th part of a fluidram measure.

mind (mind). The understanding. The reasoning
and intellectual faculties considered as a whole.

mind-blindness. A form of aphasia in which,
although the patient is able to see. no intellectual

impression is conveyed to his mind by the object
seen. Syn., visual amnesia.

mind-cure. The alleged cure of disease through
mental influence.

mind-deafness. A form of aphasia in -which
sounds, though heard and perceived as such, awaken
no intelligent conception.

Mindererus, spirit of (min-der-e'-rus) [Raymond
Minderer, German physician, 162 1- ]. See am-
monium acetate, liquor of.

mind-pain. Same as psychalgia.

mineral (min'-er-al) [mina, a mine]. An inorganic
chemical compound found in nature, especially
one that is solid, m., kermes, antimony oxysulphide.
m. oil, petroleum, m. pitch, bitumen, m.-water,
water naturally or artificially impregnated with in-
organic salts in sufficient quantity to give it special
properties.

mineralization (min-er-al-i-za' -shun) [mineral]. 1.
The addition of mineral substances to a body.
2. The relative amount of mineral substances
dissolved in a mineral-water.

miner's anemia or cachexia. See dochmiasis.
m.'s elbow, enlargement of the bursa over the
olecranon, common in miners, due to irritation while
working and lying on the side, m.'s nystagmus, a
peculiar nystagmus occurring in miners. m.'s
phthisis, a chronic affection of the lungs due to the
constant inhalation of coal-dust. Syn., anthracosis.

minim (min'-im) [minimus, least]. The one-
sixtieth of a fluidram. Symbol nj>.

minimal (min'-im-al) [see minim]. Least; lowest.
Of doses, the least quantity that is yet effective.

minimeter (min-im'-e-ter) [minim; pkrpov, measure].
An apparatus for measuring liquids in minims.

minimum (min'-im-um) [see minim]. The least;
the lowest; the lowest intensity or level, m. lethal
dose, the quantity of a toxin which will kill a guinea
pig of 250 grams weight in from 4 to s days. m.
temperature, temperature below which bacterial
growth does not take place, m. thermometer. See
thermometer, self -registering.

minium (min'-e-um) [L., "red lead"]. Red lead
oxide, PbsO*. used formerly in plasters.

minor (mi' -nor) [L., "less"]. 1. Less; lesser;
smaller. 2. An individual under legal age; one
under the authority of parents or guardians, m.
surgery. See surgery, minor.

mint. See mentha.

mioangioneurosis (mi-o-an-je-o-nu-ro'-sis) [nelwp,
lesser; byyelov, vessel; vevpov, nerve; vbo-os, disease].
A nervous disorder of the smaller blood-vessels; a
vaso-motor or vaso-inhibitory disturbance.

miocardia (mi-o-kar'-de-ah) [p,eiuv, less; tcapSla,
heart]. The systolic diminution of the volume of the
heart. See auxocardia.

miodidymus, miodymus (mi-o-did'-im-us, mi-od'-
im-us) [fieiwv, less; 8l8vp.os, twin]. A double-headed
monster joined by the occiputs.

miopragia (mi-o-pra'-je-ah) [peiwv, less; ■Kpaxratw,
to do]. Diminished functional activity.

miopus (mi-o'-pus) [p.duv, less; wip, the face]. A
double-headed monster with one face rudimentary.

miosis (mi-o'-sis) [peiwp, less]. 1. Contraction or
decrease in the size of an organ, especially the pupil.
2. A lessening of the intensity of existing symptoms.

miotic (mi-ot'-ik) [miosis]. 1. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, miosis. 2. Causing contraction
of the pupil. 3. An agent that contracts the pupil.

mirbane, oil of. A name for nitrobenzene.

mire (mir) [mirare, to look at]. Figures used
upon the perimeter-bar of the ophthalmometer of
Javal and Schiotz; by observing the variations of
their images, as reflected from different meridians
of the cornea, the measurement of corneal astigmatism
is effected.

mirror (mlr'-or) [mirari, to admire]. A polished
surface for reflecting light or forming images of
objects placed in front of it. m., concave, one the
reflecting surface of which is concave, m., convex,
one with a convex reflecting surface, m., frontal,
a head-mirror, m., head-, a circular mirror with a
central perforation, strapped to the head by a band,
and used to throw light on parts to be examined.
m., laryngoscopic, one used in examining the larynx.
m., ophthalmoscopic, one used in ophthalmoscopy.
m., plane, one the reflecting surface of which is flat.
m., rhinoscopic, a mirror used in rhinoscopy, m.-
speech, defective speech from pronouncing the words
or syllables backward, m.-writing, a peculiar form

MIRYACHIT

566

MOBILE

of writing at times observed in left-handed persons
and in cases of aphasia, and characterized by a
reversal of the form and arrangement of the letters,
which appear as if seen in a mirror.

miryachit (me-re-ash'-it) [Russian]. A peculiar
disease in which the patient mimics or imitates
everything said or done by another. Cf . jumpers ; lata.

misanthrope (mis'-an-throp) \jii<reiv, to hate;
avBpuiros, man]. A melancholy person; one who
has an aversion to society.

misanthropy (mis-an'-thro-pe) [see misanthrope].
Aversion to human society; a symptom not rare in
melancholia.

miscarriage (mis-kar'-aj). i. The expulsion of
the fetus between the fourth and the sixth month of
pregnancy. 2. Abortion.

miscarry (mis-kar'-e). To give birth to a non-
viable fetus.

misce (mis'-e) [L.]. Mix, a direction placed on
prescriptions, and usually abbreviated M.

miscegenation (mis-ej-en-a'-shun) [miscere, to
mix; genus, race]. Mixture of different races by
intermarriage.

miscible {mis'-ib-l) [misce]. Capable of being
mixed.

miserere mei (miz-er-e'-re me'-i) [L., "have mercy
on me"]. An old name for volvulus or intestinal
colic; also for stercoraceous vomiting.

misocainia (mi-so-ki'-ne-ah) [utaeXv, to hate;
tcaivos, new]. Same as misoneism.

misogamy (mis-og'-am-e) [yio-eiv, to hate; 70^05,
marriage]. Aversion to marriage.

misogyny (mis-oj'-in-e) \jiujelv, to hate; yvvrj,
woman]. _ Hatred of women.

misologia (mis-o-lo'-je-ah) [luaelv, to hate; X670S,
reason]. Unreasoning aversion to intellectual or
literary matters.

misoneism (mis-on-e'-izm) [pucreZv, to hate; veos,
new]. Fear or horror of novelty.

misoneist (mis-on'-e-ist) [niueiv, to hate; vebs, new].
One who has a morbid hatred of novelty.

misopedia (mis-o-pe'-de-ah) [^.i<Telv, to hate; irals,
child]. Morbid hatred of children, especially of
one's own children.

misopsychia (mis-op-si' '-ke-ah) [nurelv, to hate;
ipvxv, life]. Morbid disgust with life.

missed (mist) [miss]. Passed ; failed of completion.
m. abortion, the retention of the product of con-
ception in the uterine cavity after its death and
with the appearance of some of the symptoms of
abortion, m. labor, the retention of the product of
conception in the uterus beyond term, and after the
occurrence of a few ineffectual labor-pains.

missio (mis'-e-o) [L.]. A letting go. m. san-
guinis, blood-letting.

mist. Abbreviation for mistura, mixture.

mistletoe (mis'-l-to). See viscum.

mistura (mis-tu'-rah) [L.]. 1. A mixture. A
preparation made by suspending an insoluble sub-
stance in watery fluids, by means of gum-arabic,
sugar, yolk of egg, or other cohesive substance.
When the suspended substance is of an oily nature,
the preparation is termed an emulsion (emulsum).
m. amygdalae (emulsum amygdala, U. S. P.), emul-
sion of almonds. Dose 4-8 oz. (120-240 Cc.) several
times daily. See also under amygdala, m. creosoti
(B. P.). See creosote mixture, m. cretae (U. S. P.,
B. P.), chalk mixture. Dose £ oz. (16 Cc). m.
ferri aromatica (B. P.), aromatic iron mixture.
Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). m. ferri composita
(U. S. P., B. P.), compound iron mixture; Griffith's
mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). m. glycyrrhizae
composita (U. S. P.), compound mixture of glycyrrhiza
or brown mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). m.
guaiaci (B. P.), guaiacum mixture. Dose §-2 oz.
(16-64 Cc). m. olei ricini (B. P.), castor-oil mix-
ture. Dose \-2 oz. (16-64 Cc). m. rhei et sodee
(U. S. P.), mixture of rhubarb and soda. Dose, for
children, \-\ dr. (2-4 Cc). m. scammonii (B. P.),
mixture of scammony. Dose 2 oz. (64 Cc). m.
senna? composita (B. P.), compound mixture of
senna. Dose i-i§ oz. (32-48 Cc). m. spiritus vini
gallici (B. P.), mixture of brandy. Dose 1-2 oz.
(32-64 Cc).

Mitchell's (Weir) disease [Silas Weir Mitchell,
American neurologist, 1830-1014]. Erythromelalgia.
M.'s treatment, the rest-cure; a treatment for
certain functional nervous conditions, consisting in
absolute rest in bed, with massage, electricity, and
the administration of abundant food, especially milk.

mitchella (mit-tshel'-lah) [John Mitchell, American
botanist]. The Mitchella repens, used as a uterine
tonic and as an aid to easy labor; dose 1 minim
(0.6 Cc).

mite (mit) [AS., mite]. A name applied to several
Acari.

mithridate (mith'-rid-dt) [see mithridatism]. An
old confection believed to contain an antidote to
every known poison.

mithridatism (mith-rid' -at-izm) [Mi.0pt5d.T7js, king
of Pontus, who was said to have become so charged
with the poisons with which he experimented that
he acquired an immunity to them all]. Immunity
from the effects of a poison induced by the adminis-
tration of gradually increased doses.

mitigate (mit'-ig-at) [mitigare, to soften]. To
allay; to make milder; to moderate.

mitigated caustic, m. stick (mil' -ig-a-ted) . See
argenti nitras mitigatus under argentum.

mitochondria (mi-to-kon'-dre-ah) . Protoplasmic
granules seen in animal cells; also called cystomi-
crosomes.

mitochysis (mi-tok'-is-is) [iiiros, thread; yixivs,
liquefaction]. Cell-multiplication, direct or by
mitosis.

mitoma, mitome (mi-to'-mah, mi'-tom) [fiiros, a
thread]. The threads of the protoplasmic reticulum
of a cell (cytomitome) or of the nucleus (karyomitome) .

mitoplasm (mi'-to-plazm) [/xlros, a thread; -rrXfoaeLv,
to form]. The reticular part of the cell-nucleus, the
chromatic substance or chromatin.

mitoschisis (mit-os'-kis-is). See karyokinesis.

mitosis (mi-to'-sis) [ulros, a thread]. Karyo-
kinesis. m., heterotypic, mitosis in which the
chromosomes take the form of loops, rings, aggre-
gations of four beads, etc, arranged longitudinally
upon the spindle, m., homeotypic, that charac-
terized by the reduced number of the chromosomes.
m., pathological, irregular, atypical, asymmetric mi-
tosis, an indication of malignancy.

mitosome (mi'-to-som) [/iltos, thread; o&na, body].
A body derived from the spindle-fibers of the second-
ary spermatocytes, which, according to Platner,
gives rise to the- middle piece and the flagellum
envelope of the semen-cell.

mitotic (mi-tot'-ik) [mitosis]. Pertaining to mi-
tosis.

mitral (mi' Aral) [pirpa, a belt; a turban]. 1. Re-
sembling a miter, as the mitral valve. 2. Pertaining
to the auriculoventricular valve of the left side of
the heart, m. disease, disease of the mitral valve
of the heart, m. incompetence, m. insufficiency.
See m. regurgitation, m. murmur. See under mur-
mur, cardiac, m. obstruction, disease of the mitral
valve causing obstruction to the flow of blood through
the left auriculoventricular opening, m. regurgita-
tion, imperfect closure of the mitral valve during the
cardiac systole, permitting blood to be forced back
into the left auricle, m. stenosis. See m. obstruc-
tion, m. valve. See valve, mitral.

mixoscopia (miks-o-sko'-pe-ah) [/w£is, cohabitation;
(TKOTcelv, to look]. A form of sexual perversion in
which the orgasm is excited by the sight of coitus.
See voyeur.

mixoscopic (miks-o-sko'-pik). 1. ' Relating to
mixoscopia. 2. A sexual pervert exhibiting mixo-
scopia.

mixture (miks'-tur). See mistura.

M. K. 0. C. P. Abbreviation of Member of the
King and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland.

m. 1. d. Abbreviation for minimum lethal
dose.

mm. An abbreviation for millimeter and for
minims.

mmm. Abbreviation for micromillimeter or micron.
M (mu) is also used as an abbreviation for these two
words.

Mn. Chemical symbol of manganese.

mnemasthenia (mem-as-the' -ne-ah) [pvfifiri, memory;
iadeveia, weakness]. Weakness of memory not due
to organic disease.

mnemonics (ne-mon'-iks) [hvthicw, mindful]. The
science of cultivation of the memory by systematic
methods.

Mo. Chemical symbol of molybdenum.

moan (mon). 1. To utter a low, dull sound ex-
pressive of suffering. 2. The sound so uttered.

mobile (mo'-bil) [mover e, to move]. Movable.
m. pain, one that shifts from place to place, m.
spasm, a slow, irregular movement gradually taking

MOBILITY

567

MOLLUSCUM

place in different muscles, occurring at times in the
paralyzed parts in hemiplegia.

mobility (mo-bil'-it-e) [mobile]. The condition of
being movable.

mobilization (mob -il-iz-a' -shun) [mobile]. The
act of rendering an ankylosed part movable.

mochras, mochurrus, (mo'-kras, mo-kur'-us).
A gummy exudation from an Indian cotton tree,
Bombax malabaricum; it is used as an astringent in
diarrhea.

modal (mo'-daT) [modus]. A term applied to the
order of response of muscles and nerves to the gal-
vanic current.

modality (mo-daV -it-e) [modus, a mode]. Any
condition which modifies the action of a drug.

moderator band. See ReiVs band.

modioliform (mod-e-o' -le-form) [modiolus: forma,
form]. Having the shape of the nave of a wheel.

modiolus (mo-di'-o-lus) [L., "nave"], i. The
central pillar or axis of the cochlea, around which
the spiral canal makes two and one-half turns. 2.
The crown of a trephine.

modus (mo'-dus) [L.]. A mode or method, m.
operandi, the method of the performance of an action.

Moebius' disease (me'-be-oos) [Paul Julius Moebius,
German physician, 1853-1907]- Periodic or recur-
rent paralysis of the motor oculi. M.'s sign, in-
ability to retain the eyeballs in convergence in ex-
ophthalmic goiter.

Moeller's disease (me'-ler) [ — Moeller, German
surgeon, 1820-1862]. See Barlow's disease. M.'s
glossitis, painful swelling of the papilla? of the
tongue, associated with nervous irritability; there is
imperfect covering of the filiform and fungiform
papillae.

mogigraphia (mog-ig-ra'-fe-ah) [jioyis, with diffi-
culty; ypa<t>eu>, to write]. Writer's cramp.

mogilalia (mog-il-a' -le-ah) [p.6y<.s, with difficulty;
XaXid, talk]. Stammering; stuttering.

mogiphonia (mog-if-o'-ne-ah) [jidyis, with difficulty;
<jxi)in], sound]. Difficulty in speaking, excited by
an effort of singing or speaking loudly.

mogostocia (mog-os-to'-se-ah) [nbyis, with difficulty;
tokos, birth]. Painful or difficult parturition.

M.O.H. Abbreviation for Medical Officer of
Health.

Mohr's test for hydrochloric acid in the contents
of the stomach [Francis Mohr, American chemist].
Dilute to a light yellow color a solution of iron ace-
tate (free from alkali acetates) , and treat with a few
drops of a solution of potassium sulphocyanide. No
change of color should take place, but if the filtered
contents of the stomach are added and contain HC1,
a red coloration results. This color vanishes if
sodium acetate is added.

Mohrenheim's fossa (mo'-ren-him) [Joseph Jacob
Freiherr von Mohrenheim, Austrian surgeon, 1709-
]. The infraclavicular fossa. It is bounded by
the clavicle, pectoralis major, deltoid, and, laterally
and deeper, by the pectoralis minor. In this space
the subclavian artery is found when it is to be
ligated below the clavicle.

moist [mustus, sweet, like new wine]. Damp;
slightly wet; characterized by the presence of fluid.
m. chamber, a large circular glass with a lid, used in
bacteriological work, especially for growing potato-
cultures, m. filter, a filter-paper that is moistened
with water, m. gangrene, the form of gangrene
that occurs in a part filled with blood. See gangrene,
moist, m. rale. See rale.

mol, mole (mol, mol). See grammolecule.

molar (mo'-lar) [moles, mass]. 1. Pertaining to
masses, in contradistinction to molecular. 2. Per-
taining to a mole. 3. [mola, a millstone.] Grinding;
used for grinding. 4. A grinding tooth, a grinder.
m. death, necrosis or gangrene, m. pregnancy,
gestation in which a mole is formed, m. teeth, the
back, grinding teeth.

molariform (mo-lar'-if-orm) [mola, millstone;
forma, form]. Having the form of a molar tooth.

molasses (mo-las'-ez) [mellaceus, made with honey].
The syrupy liquid remaining after the refining of
sugar. It contains a considerable quantity of un-
crystallizable sugar, some cane-sugar, and coloring-
matter. There are two kinds: West India molasses,
from which rum is prepared, and sugar-house molasses,
which is somewhat thicker than the first. Molasses
is used for making pills, and combined with sulphur
as a domestic remedy for constipation.

mold (mold) [AS., molde, dust]. 1. A variously

colored deposit produced by the growth of different
forms of fungi on moist surfaces. The principal
molds are Penicillium, the Mucorini, and Aspergillus.
2. A cast; shape. 3. To make or conform to a
given shape.

mole (mol) [moles, a mass]. 1. A mass formed in
the uterus by an ovum, the growth of which has
become arrested or which has undergone degeneration.
2. Nevus, m., blood-, a mass of coagulated blood
and retained fetal membranes and placenta, some-
times found in the uterus after an abortion, m.,
carneous. See m., fleshy, m., cystic. Same as
m., hydatid, m., false, one not containing any
tissues derived from the ovum, m., fleshy, a blood-
mole which has become more solid and has assumed
a fleshy appearance; the body formed in the uterine
cavity when an ovum that has died is retained
within the uterus for some time, m., hydatid, m.,
hydatidiform, one formed by a proliferation and
cystic degeneration of the chorionic villi; it is a form
of myxoma, and has a tendency to involve the
uterine wall, m., true, one which is the remains of
an ovum, m., vesicular. Same as m., hydatid.

molecular (mo-lek'-u-lar) [molecule]. Pertaining
to, or composed of, molecules, m. death, death of a
part in minute invisible particles, as ulceration, caries.
m. force, a force acting between molecules, as co-
hesion, m. heat. See heat. m. layer. 1. Any
layer appearing to consist of minute granules without
definite structure. 2. The second layer of the cere-
bral cortex, m. lesion, a very fine lesion, m.
motion, the movements of the molecules of a sub-
stance, m. volume, the volume of a molecule of a
substance in the gaseous state; under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure the molecular
volumes of all substances are equal, m. weight,
the weight of a molecule of any substance as compared
with the weight of an atom of hydrogen. It is equal
to the sum of the weights of its constituent atoms.

molecule (mol'-e-kul) [dim. of moles, mass]. 1. A
minute portion of matter. 2. In physics and chem-
istry, the smallest quantity into which a substance
can be divided and retain its characteristic properties;
or the smallest quantity that can exist in a free
state.

molilalia (mol-il-a '-le-ah) [m6X«, with toil; XaXi'a,
speech]. Difficulty of utterance; stuttering; mogi-
lalia.

molimen (mo-li'-men) [L., "endeavor" ; pl.,molimina] .
An effort or attempt, m., menstrual, any of the
symptoms attendant upon the menstrual act or
function.

Molisch's test for glucose (mol'-ish) [Hans Molisch,
Austrian chemist, 1856- ]. 1. To f-i Cc. of
the solution add 2 drops of a 15 to 20 % alcoholic
solution of naphthol. A precipitation of some of the
naphthol renders the liquid cloudy, but on the
addition of 1 or 2 Cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid
a deep violet coloration is produced and a violet
precipitate is deposited on diluting with water. 2. A
15 to 20 % solution of thymol employed instead of
naphthol, applied as is the naphthol in the foregoing
test. If glucose is present, it produces a ruby-red
coloration, which changes to carmine on dilution
with water.

Moll's glands [Jacobus Antonius Moll, Dutch
physician, 1849- ]. Modified sudoriparous
glands of the eyelids, opening into the follicles of
the eyelashes.

mollescence (mol-es'-ens) [mollescere, to soften].
Softening.

mollichthyolin (mol-ik-thi' -ol-in) . A compound of
ichthyol and mollin.

mollin (mol' -in) [mollis, soft]. A soft soap of
potassium hydroxide and cocoanut-oil, used as a
basis for ointments.

mollifies (mo-lish'-e-ez) [mollis, soft]. Softness.
m. ossium. See osteomalacia.

mollosin (mol'-os-in). An ointment-base con-
sisting of yellow wax, 1 part, and liquid petrolatum,
4 parts.

molluscous (mol-us'-kus) [molluscum]. 1. Pertain-
ing to the mollusca. 2. Pertaining to the disease
molluscum.

molluscum (mol-us'-kum) [mollusca, shell-fish,
from mollis, soft]. 1. A term applied to several
diseases of the skin. 2. A chronic skin disease with
pulpy tumors, m.-bodies, the products of degenera-
tive processes occurring in the epidermic epithelial
cells, m. contagiosum, a disease of the skin charac-

MOLOPS

568

MONILITHRIX

terized by the formation of pinhead-sized to pea-sized,
rounded, sessile or pedunculated, pearl-like elevations
of a yellowish-white or pinkish color. The lesions
may be single or multiple, are usually situated upon
the face, and are due to a hyperplasia of the rete
mucosum, the growth probably beginning in the
hair-follicles. The lesions on microscopic examina-
tion are found to contain peculiar ovoid, sharply
defined bodies — tnolluscum bodies — which are by
some considered as forms of epithelial degeneration,
by others as protozoan parasites, m. epitheliale, a
skin disease with hard, round nodules containing
semiliquid material, m. fibrosum, m. simplex, a
disease of the skin characterized by the formation
of multiple fibromata, which may be sessile or
pedunculated, and grow from the deeper layers of
the corium and the subcutaneous tissue.

molops (mo' -lops) [jxwXaip, wheal; pi., molopes].
A red spot on the skin, such as is seen in certain
fevers. The mark of a stroke or stripe upon the skin.

molt, moult (molt). To shed or cast, as the skin,
feathers, or hair.

molybdamaurosis (mol-ib-dam-aw-ro'-sis) [/zoXu/SSos,
lead; ap.avpbetv, to darken]. Retro-bulbar neuritis
due to lead-poisoning.

molybdamblyopia (mol-ib-dam-ble-o'-pe-ah) [/i6Xu/3-
Sos, lead; &ju/3Xus, dulled; &\p, eye]. Impairment of
vision due to lead-poisoning.

molybdate (mol-ib'-dat). A salt of molybdic acid.

molybdencephalia (mol-ib-den-sef-a'-le-ah) [m6Xu/3-
Sos, lead; iynktpahos, brain]. Brain-disease due to
lead-poisoning.

molybdencephalopathia, molybdencephalopathy
(mol-ib-den-sef-al-o-path'-e-ah, mol-ib-den-sef-al-op'-
■ath-e) \p6\v08os, lead; «7/ce<paXos, brain; iraBos, disease].
Brain-disease due to lead-poisoning.

molybdenum (mol-ib-de'-num) [vb\vfl8os, lead]. A
metallic element, found in nature chiefly as the sul-
phide— molybdenite (M0S2). Atomic weight 96;
symbol Mo; quantivalence II, IV, VI, VIII; specific
gravity 8.6. Its principal oxide, M0O3, forms
molybdic acid, H2M0O4, the ammonium salt of which
is used as a reagent in metallurgy, etc. Molybdic
acid combines with phosphoric acid to form phos-
phomolybdic acid.

molybdepilepsia (mol-ib-dep-il-ep'-se-ah) [/u6Xu/35os,
lead; epilepsy]. Epilepsy induced by lead-poisoning.

molybdic (mol-ib'-dik). Containing molybdenum
as a hexad or tetrad radical, m. anhydride, M0O3, a
gray or bluish-white heavy powder which separates
Into thin scales in water. It is soluble in acids,
alkalies, and solution of cream of tartar; slightly
soluble in water. Jt is used as a reagent.

molybdo- (mol-ib'-do-) [nbXvPdos, lead]. A prefix
denoting reference to or connection with lead. In
chemistry, signifying composition with the element
molybdenum.

molybdocachexia (mol-ib-do-kak-ek'-se-ah) [molyb-
do-; cachexia]. A depraved state of the body due to
lead-poisoning; chronic lead-poisoning; plumbism.

molybdocardialgia (mol-ib-do-kar-de-al'-je-ah) [mol-
ybdo-; napSia, heart; aX-yos, pain]. Cardialgia due to
lead-poisoning.

molybdocolic (mol-ib-do-kol'-ik) [molybdo-; colic].
Lead-colic; painters' colic.

molybdodyspepsia (mol-ib-do-dis-pep'-se-ah) [mol-
ybdo-; dyspepsia]. Dyspepsia caused by lead-poison-
ing.

molybdonosus (mol-ib-don'-o-sus) [molybdo-; vbaos,
disease]. Synonym of plumbism.

molybdoparesis (mol-ib-do-par' -es-is) [molybdo-;
paresis]. Partial paralysis, due to lead-poisoning.

molybdosis (mol-ib-do'-sis) [/*6Xu/35os, lead]. Lead-
poisoning; plumbism.

molybdospasmos (mol-ib-do-spaz'-mos) [molybdo- ;
airaxxfios, spasm]. Spasm or cramp produced by
lead-poisoning.

molybdosynolce (mol-ib-do-sin-ol'-se) [molybdo-;
awoKKi),^^ drawing together]. Contraction due to
lead-poisoning.

molybdotromos (mol-ib-dof '-ro-mos) [molybdo-; rpb-
ixos, tremor]. Tremor due to lead-poisoning.

molybdous (mol-ib'-dus) . Containing molybdenum
in its lower valency.

Momburg's belt (mom'-berg) [Fritz August Mom-
burg, German physician, 1870- ]. A band wound
around the waist and then made taut; it is used to
check postpartum hemorrhage.

momentum (mo-men' -turn) [movere, to move].
Quantity of motion. The momentum of a body

depends upon its mass and velocity. Also, the
quantity of potential energy possessed by a body in
motion. It is usually expressed by the formula
m = wv — i. e„ the momentum equals the weight
multiplied by the velocity.

momordica (mo-mor'-dik-ah). See elaterium.

mon- (mon-) [nbvos, one]. A prefix denoting one
or single.^

monacid (mon-as'-id). Applied to a base with
one replaceable hydroxyl group (OH). Also, com-
pounds uniting directly with a molecule of a mono-
basic acid, with half a molecule of a dibasic acid,
etc.

monad (mon'-ad) [pbvos, single]. 1. A univalent
element or radical. 2. Any single-celled micro-
organism, whether of animal or vegetable character;
especially any flagellate infusorium.

monadenoma (mon-ad-en-o'-mah) [mon-; &8riv,
gland; 6p.a, tumor]. A uniglandular adenoma.

Monadina (mon-ad-i'-nah) [novas, a unit]. The
flagellate infusorians, or monadidce; a family of animal
microorganisms.

(von) Monakow's fibers (mon-ah'-kow) [Constantin
von Monakow, Russian neurologist, 1853- ]• A
tract of nerve-fibers extending from the anterior
corpus quadrigeminum to the eyeball, v. M.'s
nucleus, the lateral portion of Burdach's nucleus.

monamide (mon'-am-id). An amide formed by
the replacement of the hydrogen in one molecule of
ammonia by an acid radical.

monamine (mon'-am-in) [p.bvos, single; amin].
An amine formed by the replacement of the hydrogen
in one molecule of ammonia by an alkyl radical.

Monarda (mo-nar'-dah) [after N. Monardis, a
Spanish physician]. A genus of labiate plants,
comprising M. didyma, the bee-balm, M. fistulosa,
the wild bergamot, and M. punctata, the horsemint.
The last is diaphoretic, carminative, and stimulant.
It is also a source of thymol, m. fistulosa, wild
bergamot. m. punctata, horse mint; it is a dia-
phoretic and carminative; it yields thymol.

monargentic (mon-ar-jen'-tik) [mows, single; argen-
tum, silver]. Containing one atom of silver in a
molecule.

monarthritis (mon-ar-ihri'-tis) [mon-; apdpov, a
joint; ltis, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting only a
single joint.

monarticular (mon-ar-tik'-u-lar) [povos, single;
articulus, a joint]. Pertaining to one joint.

Monas (mon'-as) [novas, unit]. A genus of in-
fusorians.

monaster (mon-as'-ter) [nbvos, single; ao-Trjp, a
star]. Mother-star. See karyokinesis.

monathetosis (mon-ath-et-o'-sis). Athetosis affect-
ing one limb or side.

monatomic (mon-at-om'-ik) [nbvos, single; aronos,
atom]. 1. Having but one atom of replaceable
hydrogen, as a monatomic acid. 2. Having only one
atom, as a monatomic molecule. 3- Having the
combining power of one atom of hydrogen, as a
monatomic radical. 4. Formed by the replacement
of one hydrogen atom in a compound by a radical,
as a monatomic alcohol.

monaxial, monaxonic (mon-aks'-e-al, mon-aks-
on'-ik) [mon-; afav, axis]. Having a single axis.

monaxon (mon-aks'-on) [nbvos, single; axon]. A
neuron having only one axon.

moner, moneron (mo'-ner, mon'-er-on). In biology,
a non-nucleated unicellular organism of the simplest
possible character.

monerula (mon-er' -oo-lah) [povripvs, single]. The
impregnated ovum at a stage when it has no nucleus.

monesia (mo-ne'-ze-ah) [origin unknown]. An
extract from the Brazilian tree Chrysophyllum
glyciphlceum. It is stomachic, alterative, and
astringent. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.).

monesin (mo-ne'-sin) [monesia]. The acrid princi-
ple of monesia, said to be identical with saponin;
it is astringent and oxytocic.

mongumo bark (mon-gu'-mo). The bark of
Ochrosia borbonica, a tree of Madagascar; used as a
tonic.

monilethrix (mo-niV -eth-riks) [monile, a neck-lace;
0pi£, a hair]. An affection of the hair in which
nodes are strung regularly or irregularly along the
hair-shaft, giving it a beaded appearance.

moniliform (mon-W -if-orm) [monile, a necklace;
forma, form]. Shaped like a necklace; beaded or
bead-like; resembling a string of beads.

monUithrix (mo-nil'-ith-riks). See monilethrix.

MONIUM

569

MONONEURIC

monium (mo'-ne-um) [fidvos, alone]. An element
discovered spectroscopically by Sir W. Crookes in
1898; now called victorium.

monk's-hood (munks'-hood). See aconitum.

Monneret's pulse (mon-ra') [Jules Edouard Auguste
Monneret, French physician, 1810-1868]. The
soft, full, and slow pulse of icterus.

mono- (mon-o-) [povos, one]. A prefix signifying
one or single.

monoanesthesia, monoansesthesia (mon-o-an-es-the' -
ze-ah). Anesthesia of a single part.

monoarticular (mon-o-ar-tik' -u-lar). Same as
monarticular, q. v.

monoathetosis (mon-o-ath-et-o'-sis) [mono-; aderos,
without place]. Athetosis confined to one limb or
one-half of the body.

monobacillary (mon-o-bas'-il-a-re). Due to, or
characterized by, the presence of a single species of
bacillus.

monobasic (mon-o-ba'-sik) [mono-; /Sdcris, founda-
tion]. Of an acid, acid salt, or alcohol, having one
replaceable hydrogen atom.

monoblepsia, monoblepsis (mon-o-blep'-se-ah, mon-
o-blep'-sis) [mono-; /3Xei/as, sight]. 1. A condition
in which either eye has a better visual power than
both together. 2. The form of color-blindness in
which but one color can be perceived.

monobrachius (mon-o-bra'-ke-us) [mono-; /SpaxiW,
arm]. A monster having but one arm.

monobromacetanilid (mon-o-brom-as-et-an'-il-id) .
Same as antisepsin.

monobromated (mon-o-bro' -ma-ted) [mono-; bro-
mate]. Containing one atom of bromine in the mole-
cule.

monobromide (mon-o-bro' -mid) [mono-; bromide].
A compound having one atom of bromine in the
molecule, or containing an amount of bromine which,
when compared with the amount of bromine in other
bromides of the same base, may be regarded as
unity.

mono calcic (mon-o-kal'-sik). Containing one
atom of calcium in a molecule.

monocardian (mon-o-kar'-de-an) [mono-; KapSia,
heart]. Having a simple heart, single-chambered or
not completely divided, as in vertebrates.

monocellular (mon-o-seV -u-lar) . Unicellular.

monocephalus (mon-o-sef'-al-us) [mono-; Kt<j>a\r],
head]. A monster consisting of a single head with
two bodies more or less completely fused.

monochloride (mon-o-klo'-rid). A chlorine com-
pound analogous to a monobromide (q. v.).

monochorea (mon-o-ko-re'-ah) [mono-; chorea].
Chorea confined to a single member or part of the
body.

monochroic (mon-o-kro'-ik) [mono-; xpba, color].
Having only one color. Arterial blood is monochroic.

monochromasy (mon-o-kro' -mas-e) [see monochroic].
The perception of one color only.

monochromat {mon-o-kro'-mat). A person in whom
all the variations of the world of color are reduced to a
system of one color.

monochromatic (mon-o-kro-mat'-ik). See mono-
chroic.

monochromatophil (mon-o-kro-maf '-o-fil) [mono- ;
XP&fia-, color; <t>CKelv, to love]. 1. A cell possessing a
strong affinity for a single acid stain. 2. Exhibiting
a strong affinity for a single stain.

monocle (mon'-o-kl) [mono-; oculus, eye]. 1. A
lens for one eye only. 2. A bandage for one
eye.

monoclinic (mon-o-klin'-ik) [mono-; Khivq, bed].
Applied to crystals in which the vertical axis is in-
clined to one, but is at right angles to the other,
lateral axis.

monococcus (mon-o-kok'-us) [mono-; kokkos, grain].
A coccus occurring singly, not united in chains or
pairs or in groups.

monocranus (mon-ok'-ran-us) [mono-; Kpavlov,
cranium]. A double monster having a single cranium.

monocrotic (mon-o-krot'-ik) [mono-; uporos, pulse].
Having but a single beat (as the normal pulse) for
each cardiac systole; not dicrotic.

mono erotism (mon-ok' -ro-tizm) . The condition of
being monocrotic (q. v.).

monocular (mon-ok' -u-lar) [mono-; oculus, eye].
1. Pertaining to or affecting only one eye, as monocu-
lar diplopia; performed with one eye only, as mon-
ocular vision. 2. Having a single ocular or eyepiece,
as a monocular microscope.

monoculus (mon-ok' -u-lus) [mon-; oculus, eye].

1. A monster with but one eye. 2. In surgery, a
bandage for covering one eye.

monocyclic (mon-o-sik'-lik). Arranged in a single
whorl.

monocyst (mon'-o-sisl) [mono-; kv<ttis, cyst]. A
tumor made up of a single cyst.

monocystic (mon-o-sis'-tik) [mono-; kvvtvs, cyst]*
Composed of or containing but one cyst.

monocyte (mon'-o-slt) [mono-; kvtos, a cell]. A
large mononuclear leucocyte.

monodactylism (mon-o-dakf-til-izm) [mono-; 8&k-
tuXos, finger]. A malformation characterized by the
presence of only one toe or finger on the foot or hand.

monodactylous (mon-o-dak' -til-us) [mono-; ScucrvXos,
finger]. Having only one finger or toe.

monoderic (mon-o-der'-ik) [mono-; Skpos, skin].
Composed of a single layer.

monodidymus (mon-o-did'-im-us) [mono-; 5i'5u/.os,
twin]. One of twins.

monodiplopia (mon-o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [mono-; 8lit\6os,
double; oi/as, sight]. Double vision with a single eye*

monodont {mon'-o-dont) [mono-; 686vs, tooth].
Having but one tooth.

monogastric (mon-o-gas'-trik) [mono-; yaarrip,
belly]. Having one stomach or one belly.

monogenesis (mon-o-jen'-es-is) [mono-; ykveais,
origin]. 1. Development of offspring resembling
the parent, as distinguished from metagenesis.

2. Development from a single hermaphroditic parent;
asexual reproduction. 3. Origin of all organisms
from a single cell.

monograph (mon'-o-graf) [mono-; ypa<peiv, to write].
A treatise or memoir on a single subject.

monohydrated (mon-o -hi' -dra-ted). United with
one molecule of water or of hydroxyl.

monohydric (mon-o-hi'-drik) [mono-; vScop, water].
Containing one atom of replaceable hydrogen, as
monohydric acid, monohydric alcohol.

monoideism (mon-o-i-de'-izm) [mono-; t8ea, idea].
The domination of a single idea, as in certain cases
of hypnotism and insanity.

monoinfection (mon-o-in-fek'-shun). Infection with
but one kind of microorganism.

monoiodide (mon-o-i' -o-did) . An iodine compound
analogous to a monobromide.

monol (mon'-ol). An aqueous solution of calcium
permanganate (2 : 1000) used to purify drinking-water.

monolocular (mon-o-lok' -u-lar) . See unilocular.

monoma (mon-o' -mah) [mono-; 6na, tumor]. A
painful uterine tumor, always solitary, steadily
progressing to a fatal termination, accompanied by
severe and continuous hemorrhage.

monomania (mon-o-ma' -ne-ah) [mono-; navla,
madness]. A form of insanity characterized by a
limited disturbance of the mental functions that
dominates the person's thoughts and actions.

monomaniac (mon-o-ma' -ne-ak) [monomania]. A
person affected with monomania.

monomeric (mon-o-mer'-ik) [mono-; nkpos, a part].
Consisting of a single piece.

monometallic (mon-o-met-al'-ik) [mono-; metallic].

1. Containing one atom of a metal in a molecule.

2. Capable of replacing one atom of hydrogen in an
acid. 3. Consisting of one metal.

monomicrobic (mon-o-mi-kro'-bik). See mono-
bacillary.

monommatous (mon-om'-at-us) [mono-; ofifta, eye].
One-eyed.

monomoria (mon-o-mo'-re-ah) [mono-; ixupLa, folly].
Melancholy.

monomorphic (mon-o-mor'-fik) [mono-; tiopQ-q,
form]. Having or existing in only one form.

monomorphism (mon-o-mor'-fizm) [mono-; iiop<f>ri,
form]. The state of being monomorphic.

monomorphous (mon-o-mor'-fus) [mono-; nop<pr),
form]. Having but a single form ; not polymorphous.

monomphalus (mon-om'-fal-us) [mono-; 6n<j>a\6s>
navel]. A double monster united by a common
umbilicus.

monomyositis (mon-o-mi-o-si'-tis) [mono-; vvs,
muscle]. Laquer's (1896) name for isolated periodic
affections of the biceps muscle. Syn., myositis acuta
inter stitialis.

monomyous (mon-o-mV -us) [mono-; pvs, muscle].
Having only one muscle; applied to certain bivalves,
the shells of which are closed by a single muscle.

mononephrous (mon-o-nef'-rus) [mono-; ve<t>p6s,
kidney]. Limited to one kidney.

mononeuric (mon-o-nu'-rik) [mono-; vevpov, nerve].
Applied to a nerve-cell having only one neuraxon

MONONEURITIS

570

MONSTROSITIES

mononeuritis (mon-o-nu-ri'-tis) [mono-; neuritis].
Neuritis affecting a single nerve, m., multiplex,
neuritis affecting simultaneously single nerves remote
from each other.

mononuclear (mon-o-nu' -kle-ar) . See uninuclear.

mononym (mon'-o-nim) [mono-; ovo/ia, name].

A name consisting of but a single word. Thus

callosum is a mononym for corpus callosum; pia, for

pia mater ; my el, for spinal cord.

mononymic (mon-o-nim'-ik) [mono-; &vona, name].
Having but one name.

monopagia (mon-o-pa'-je-ah) [mono-; irayios, fixed].
Fixed local pain in the head; clavus hystericus.

monoparesis (mon-o-par'-e-sis) [mono-; paresis].

Paralysis of a single part of the body, as of one limb.

monoparesthesia (mon-o-par-es-the'-ze-ah) [mono- ;

paresthesia]. Paresthesia confined to one limb or

part.

monopathy (mon-op'-ath-e) [mono-; iraBos, disease].
Uncomplicated disease of a single organ.

monophagia (mon-o-fa' -je-ah) [mono-; <f>ayelv, to
eat], i. Desire for a single article of food. 2. The
eating of a single daily meal.

monophasia (mon-o-fa' -ze-ah) [mono-; aphasia].
A form of aphasia in which speech is limited to a
single syllable, word, or phrase.

monophobia (mon-o-fo' -be-ah) [mono-; <£6/3os, fear].
Morbid dread of being alone.

monophosphate (mon-o-fos'-fat). A phosphate
with only one atom of phosphorus in the molecule.

monophthalmia (mon-off -thai' -me-ah) [mono- ; 6<pda\-
/x6s, eye]. Synonym of cyclopia.

monophthalmous (mon-off-thal'-mos) [mono-; o<pda\-
nbs, eye]. Single-eyed; also, pertaining to a bandage
for one eye.

monophyletic (mon-o-fi-let'-ik) [mono-; <pv\rj, tribe].
Derived from a single prototype, m. hypothesis,
the doctrine of Hceckel, that the various organic
lines of animals have descended from a common type.
monoplasmatic (mon-o-plaz-mat'-ik). See mono-
plastic.

monoplast (mon'-o-plast) [mono-; nXao-o-eiv, to form].
A simple cell.

monoplastic (mon-o-plas'-tik) [monoplast]. Com-
posed of only one substance.

monoplastid {mon-o-plas'-tid) [mono-; 7r\a<rr6s,
molded]. An organism or structural element com-
posed of only a single cell.

monoplegia (mon-o-ple' -je-ah) [mono-; irXriyri,
stroke]. Paralysis of a single limb or of a single
muscle or group of muscles. It is designated as
brachial, crural, or facial, when affecting the arm, the
leg, or the face, respectively, and as central {cerebral)
or peripheral, according to the seat of the causal lesion.
monops (mon'-ops). See cy clops.
monopsia (mon-ops'-e-ah). See monophthalmia.
monopsychosis (mon-o-si-ko'-sis) [mono-; ^vxn<
mind: pi., monopsychoses]. Any kind of monomania
or delusional insanity of fixed type.

monopus (mon'-o-pus) [mono-; novs, foot]. 1. Con-
genital absence of one foot or leg. 2. A one-footed
monstrosity.

monoradicular (mon-o-rad-ik'-u-lar) [mono-; radix,
root]. Applied to teeth with only one root.

monorchid, monorchis (mon-or'-kid, mo-nor-kis)
[mono-; opxis, testis]. A person who has but one
testicle, or in whom one testicle only has descended
into the scrotum.

monorrhinous (mon-or-i'-nus) [mono-; ji>is, nose].
Having a single median nasal cavity.

monosaccharide (mon-o-sak' -ar-id) . Any carbo-
hydrate whose molecule cannot be split into simpler
carbohydrates; e. g., glucose, fructose.

monoscelous (mon-os-el'-us) [mono-; <rtce\os, leg].
One-legged.

monose (mon'-os). Same as monosaccharide.
monosodic (mon-o-so'-dik). Having one atom of
sodium in the molecule.

monosomus, monosomia (mon-o-so'-mus, mon-o-
so' -me-ah) [mono-; o-G>y.a, body]. A double monster
with a single body and two heads.

monospasm (mon'-o-spazm) [mono-; atraa\ibs,
spasm]. Spasm affecting limited areas, as one side
of the face, a single limb, or a single muscle or muscle-
group. It is designated as brachial, crural, or facial,
according to the part affected, and as central (cerebral)
or peripheral, according to the seat of the causal
lesion.

monostratal (mon-o-stra'-lal) [mono-; stratum, a
layer]. Arranged in a single layer or stratum.

monosymptomatic (mon-o-simp-tom-at'-ik) . Hav-
ing but one dominant symptom.

monotal (mon'-o-tal). Trade name of guaiacol
methylglycholate; analgesic and antipyretic.

monotic (mon-ot'-ik) [mono-; oh, ear]. Pertaining
to but one of the ears.

monotonia (mon-o-to' -ne-ah) [mono-; twos, tone].
Uniformity of voice; in vocalization, that kind of
uniformity that results from paralysis of the largyn-
geal tensors.

monotrichous (mon-ot'-rik-us) [mono-; 0pi£, hair].
Applied to that type of ciliation in bacteria which is
marked by a single flagellum at one pole.

monovalent (mon-ov' -al-ent) . Same as univalent.

monoxenous (mon-oks'-en-us) [mono-; £«»os, host].
Applied to parasitism confined to one host.

monoxide (mon-oks'-id). An oxide containing a
single oxygen atom.

Monro, bursa of (mun-ro') [Alexander Monro,
Scottish anatomist, 1697-1767]. A bursa sometimes
found between the subclavius muscle and the costo-
clavicular ligament. M., foramen of, an opening
behind the anterior pillars of the fornix, through
which the lateral ventricle of the brain communicates
with the third ventricle; it transmits the choroid
plexus. M.'s line, a line drawn from the umbilicus
to the anterior superior spine of the ilium. M.'s
point, the point sometimes selected in paracentesis
abdominis, midway on Monro's line. M.'s sulcus,
a longitudinal fissure extending from the foramen
of Monro to the Sylvian aqueduct, and dividing each
lateral wall of the third ventricle into an upper and
a lower portion.

mons (monz) [L.: pi., monies]. In anatomy, the
mons pubis or the mons Veneris, m. cerebelli. See
monticulus. m. pubis, the eminence in front of the
body and horizontal ramus of the os pubis; it is
called also, in the female, m. Veneris, m. Veneris,
the mons pubis of the female.

Monsel's salt (mon-seV). Ferric subsulphate.
M.'s solution (liquor ferri subsulphatis, U. S. P.),
a solution of ferric subsulphate, used as a styptic.

monster (mon'-ster) [monstrum, an evil omen].
An individual who, by reason of congenital faulty
development, is incapable of properly performing
the vital functions, or who, owing to an excess or
deficiency of parts, differs in a marked degree from
the normal type of the species. A teratism.

monstricide (mon'-stris-id) [monstrum, monster;
ccedere, to kill]. The killing of a monster.

monstriferous (mon-strif'-er-us) [monstrum, mon-
ster; ferre, to bear]. Producing monsters.

monstrosity (mon-stros'-it-e) [monster]. 1. The
condition of a monster. 2. A monster.

TABLE OF MONSTROSITIES.*

According to Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire. Altered by
Hirst and Piersol.

HEMITERATA.

I. ANOMALIES OF VOLUME.

A. Of Stature.

1. General Diminution, as in a dwarf —

delayed growth.

2. General Increase, as in a giant —

precocious development.

B. Of Volume, strictly speaking.

1. Local Diminution. Affecting —

(a) Regions, as a limb.

(b) Systems, as undeveloped mus-

cles.

(c) Organs, as small breasts, stenosis

of canals, etc.

2. Local Increase. Affecting —

(c) Regions, as the head.

(b) Systems, as the adipose tissue.

(c) Organs, as large breasts in wom-

en, lactiferous breasts in men.

II. ANOMALIES OF FORM. Single Order, in-

cluding— deformed heads; anomalies of shape
in the stomach; deformed pelves, etc.

* Reproduced, with the kind consent of the pub-
lishers, from "Human Monstrosities," by Barton
Cooke Hirst, M.D., and George A. Piersol, M.D.,
Philadelphia: Lea Brothers & Co., 1892.

MONSTROSITIES

571

MONSTROSITIES

IH. ANOMALIES OF COLOR.

A. Deficiency, complete, partial, or imperfect,

as in albinism.

B. Excess, complete, partial, or imperfect, as

in melanism.

C. Alteration, as in unusual color of the iris.
IV. ANOMALIES OF STRUCTURE.

A. Deficiency in Consistency, as cartilaginous

conditions of bones.

B. Excess in Consistency, as anomalous ossifi-

cation.
V. ANOMALIES OF DISPOSITION.

A. By Displacement.

i. Of the splanchnic organs, as anomalous
direction of heart or stomach,
hernias, exstrophy of the bladder,
etc.

2. Of the nonsplanchnic organs, as club-
foot, curvature of the spine, mis-
placed teeth, misplaced blood-
vessels, etc.

B. By Change of Connection.

i. Anomalous articulations.

2. Anomalous implantations, as teeth out

of line.

3. Anomalous attachments, as of muscles

and ligaments.

4. Anomalous branches, as of arteries and

nerves.

5. Anomalous openings, as of veins into

the left auricle, of the ductus
choledochus in an unusual situation,
of the vagina into the rectum, of
the rectum into the male urethra,
of the rectum at the umbilicus, etc.

C. In Continuity.

1. Anomalous imperf orations, as of rec-

tum, vulva, vagina, mouth, esopha-
gus.

2. Anomalous union of organs, as of kid-

neys, testicles, digits, teeth, ribs;
adhesion of the tongue to the
palate.

D. By Closure, as in complete transverse

septum in the vagina.

E. By Disjunction.

1. Anomalous perforations, as persistence

of foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus,
urachus.

2. Anomalous divisions, as splits, fissures

in various organs, harelip, hypo-
spadia, fissured tongue, cleft palate,
fissured cheek.
VI. ANOMALIES OF NUMBER AND EXIST-
ENCE.

1. By numerical defect, as absence of

muscles, vertebra?, ribs, digits, teeth,
a lung, a kidney, the uterus, the
bladder, etc.

2. By numerical excess, as supernumerary

digits, ribs, teeth, breasts, a double
uterus.

HETEROTAXIS.

I. Splanchnic Inversion.
II. General Inversion.

(6)

HERMAPHRODITES.

I. True Hermaphrodites.

(a) Bilateral hermaphrodites.

(b) Unilateral hermaphrodites.

(c) Lateral hermaphrodites.

II. Pseudohermaphrodites, with double sexual
formation of the external genitals, but
with unisexual development of the
reproductive glands (ovaries and testi-
cles).

(a) Male pseudohermaphrodites, with testicles.

1. Internal pseudohermaphrodites: De-

velopment of uterus masculinus.

2. External pseudohermaphrodites: Ex-

ternal genitals approach the female
type; the monstrosity presents a
feminine appearance and build.

3. Complete pseudohermaphrodites (in-

ternal and external) : Uterus mascu-
linus with tubes; separate efferent
canals for bladder and uterus.

Female pseudohermaphrodites, with ovaries:
Persistence of male sexual parts.

1. Internal hermaphrodites: Formation of

vas deferens and tubes.

2. External hermaphrodites: Approach of

the external genitals to the male
type.
Complete hermaphrodites (internal and
external): Masculine formation of
the external genitals and of a part
of the sexual tract.

MONSTERS.

3-

CLASS I.— SINGLE MONSTERS.

Order I.

Genus I . .

Genus II

Autositic Monsters.

{Phocomelus.
Hemimelus.
Micromelus.
Ectromelus.

TSymelus.

1 Species 2 -j Uromelus.

L 1 Sirenomelus.

Genus III .

[ Aspalasoma.
I Agenosoma.
J Cyllosoma.
. I Schistosoma.
Pleurosoma.
I Celosoma.

f Notencephalus.

Proencephalus.
J Podencephalus.
I Hyperencephalus.

Iniencephalus.
t Exencephalus.

Species 2. f Nosencephalus.

Pseudenceph- ■< Thlipsencephalus.
alus I Pseudencephalus.

Single species.
Celosoma . .

Species 1. Ex-
encephalus . .

Species 3. An-

encephalus . .

Derencephalus.
Anencephalus.

Genus IV.

C Ethmocephalus.
Cebocephalus.
Species 1. Cy- < Rhinocephalus.
clocephalus . . . Cyclocephalus.
[ Stomocephalus.

C Sphenocephalus.
SnwiM 9 Otn Otocephalus.
Pei!^l'r i Edocephalus.

cephalus ....1 Qpococephalus.
I Triocephalus.

Order H. — Omphalositic Monsters.

Genus I

Species 1. Par- f Paracephalus.
acephalus . . . < Omacephalus.
L Hemiacephalus.

Species 2.
Acephalus

Aso-

{ Acephalus.
Peracephalus.
Mylacephalus.

Species 3.
mata.
Genus II, Single Species, Anideus.

CLASS H.— COMPOSITE MONSTERS.

Order I. — Double Autositic Monsters.
A. Terata katadidyma.

Genus I, Diprosopus.

Genus II, Dicephalus.

Genus III, Ischiopagus.

Genus IV, Pygopagus.
Terata anadidyma.

Genus I, Dipygus.

Genus II, Syncephalus.

Genus III, Craniopagus.
Terata anakatadidyma.

Genus I, Prosopothoracopagus.

Genus II, Omphalopagus.

Genus III, Rachipagus.

B.

MONSTRUM

572

MORGAGNI'S CARTILAGES

Order II.

Genus I

Genus II.

Double Parasitic Monsters.

f Heteropagus.
9npriP* t w> Heterodelphus.

{ Heteromorphus.

Species 2.
teralius

He-

Species 1.
Polygnathus

Species 2.
Polymelus .

Genus III . . -J Endocyma.

Epicomus.
f Epignathus.
J Hypognathus.
j Paragnathus.
L Augnathus.

iPygomelus.
Gastromelus.
Notomelus.
Cephalomelus.
Melomelus.
Dermocyma.
Endocyma.

Order III. — Triple Monsters.

monstrum (mon' -strum). See monstrosity.

Monteggia's dislocation (mon-tej'-e-ah) [Giovanni
Batista Monteggia, Italian surgeon, 1762-1815].
A form of dislocation of the hip-joint in which the
head of the femur is near the anterior superior iliac
spine, and the limb is rotated outward.

Monteverde's sign or test. The injection sub-
cutaneously during life of a little ammonia solution
will be followed by a port-wine congestion in sur-
rounding parts, which does not take place in case of
death.

Montgomery's cups {mont-gom'-er-e) [William
Fetherston Montgomery, Irish physician, 1797-1859]-
The enlarged epithelial depressions in the mucosa
of the uterus. M.'s glands, M.'s tubercles, the
sebaceous glands of the areola of the nipple appearing
as small prominences, especially during pregnancy
and lactation; they communicate occasionally with
aberrant galactophorous glands.

monthlies (munth'-lez). The menses.

monthly courses, m. sickness-. The menses.
m. nurse, a nurse who attends a woman after child-
birth.

monticle (mon'-tik-l). See monticulus cerebelli.

monticulus (mon-tik'-u-lus) [L.]. A small elevation.
m. cerebelli, the prominent central portion of the
superior vermiform process of the cerebellum, m.
Veneris. See mons Veneris.

Moon's molars [Henry Moon, English surgeon].
The first molar teeth, in congenital syphilis, are
reduced in size and are dome shaped, owing to the
dwarfing of the central tubercle of each cusp.

moon-blindness. Amblyopia from exposure of
the eyes to moonlight during sleep.

Moore's fracture [Edward Mott Moore, American
surgeon, 1814-1902]. Fracture of the lower end of
the radius with dislocation of the ulna, the styloid
process being tied down by the annular ligament.

Moore's synapsis. The tangled skein of chromatin
at one side of the nucleus formed in the prophase in
heterotypical division of sex-cells.

Moore's test for glucose. Treat the solution with
one-fourth of its volume of sodium or potassium
hydroxide and warm it; it will become first yellow,
then orange, and finally brown, depending upon the
amount of glucose present.

Mooren's ulcer (moo-ren') [Albert Moor en, German
oculist, 1828-1899]. A chronic serpiginous ulcer of
the cornea occurring in elderly people.

moradeine \(mor-ad'-e-in). An alkaloid obtained
from the bark of Pogonopus febrifugus, of South
America.

Morand's disease (mor-on'(g)) [Sauveur Francois
Morand, French surgeon, 1697-1773]- Paresis of
the lower extremities. M.'s foot, a deformity of the
foot that consists in the presence of eight toes. M.'s
foramen, the foramen, cecal (of tongue), q. v. M.'s
spur, the calcaneum.

Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus (mor'-aks-aks' -en-
felt) [Victor Morax, French physician; Alexander
Axenfeld, French physician]. A bacillus causing a
mild form of conjunctivitis.

morbi (mor'-bi) [L., genitive of morbus]. Of a
disease, agens morbi, the cause or agent of disease.
ens morbi, the being or essential quality of disease,
materies morbi, the substance producing a disease.

morbid (rnor'-bid) [morbus, disease]. Pertaining

to disease or diseased parts, m. anatomy. See
anatomy, morbid.

morbidity (mor-bid'-it-e) [morbid]. 1. The quality
of disease or of being diseased. 2. The conditions
inducing disease. 3. The ratio of the number of
sick individuals to the total population of a place.

morbidize (mor'-bid-iz) [morbid]. To render
sickly or abnormal.

morbiferous (mor-bif'-er-us) [morbus, disease;
ferre, to bear]. Conveying or spreading disease.

morbific (mor-bif'-ik) [morbus; facer e, to make].
Producing disease.

morbigenous (mor-bij'-en-us) [morbus, disease;
yewav, to produce]. Producing disease.

morbility (mor-bil'-it-e). Same as morbidity.

morbilli (mor-bil'-i) [morbus]. Measles.

morbilliform (mor-bil'-if-orm) [morbilli]. Re-
sembling measles.

morbillous (mor-biV-us) [morbilli, measles]. Per-
taining to measles.

morbose (mor'-bos) [morbus, disease]. Diseased.

morbus (mor'-bus) [L.]. Disease, m. Addisonii,
Addison's disease, m. anglicus, rickets, m. arcu-
atus, icterus, m. Basedowii. See goiter, exophthal-
mic, m. Brightii. See Bright' s disease, m. caducus,
epilepsy, m. cseruleus, congenital cyanosis, m.
Celsi, catalepsy, m., cholera. See cholera morbus.
m. cceliacus, chronic diarrhea in children, m. cordis,
the phenomena of chronic cardiac disease, m. coxae,
m. coxarius, coxalgia. m. cucullaris, pertussis, m.
divinus, epilepsy, m. gallicus, syphilis, m. macu-
losus neonatorum, a fatal disease occurring during
the first few days of life and consisting of hemor-
rhages in various parts of the body. m. maculosus
Werlhofii, purpura hemorrhagica, m. magnus, epi-
lepsy, m. major, epilepsy, m. medicorum, the
mania of those who seek the advice of physicians for
imaginary diseases, m. miserias, any disease due to
poverty, m. phlyctenoides, pemphigus, m. regius,
jaundice, m. sacer, epilepsy, m. vesicularis, pem-
phigus, m. virgineus, chlorosis, m. vulpis, alopecia.
m. saltatorius, chorea, m. tuberculosis pedis, Ma-
dura foot.

morcellation (mor-sel-a'-shun) [Fr., morceler, to
cut up or parcel out]. The art of reducing to frag-
ments, as the fetus in embryotomy; the removal of a
tumor or fetus piecemeal.

morcellement (mor-sel-mon'(g)). See morcellation.

mordacious (mor-da'-se-us) [mordax, biting]. Bit-
ing, pungent.

mordant (mor'-dant) [mordere, to bite]. A sub-
stance, such as alum, phenol, anilin oil, that fixes
the dyes used in coloring textures or in staining tissues
and bacteria.

mordication (mor-dik-a'-shun) [mordicare, to bite].
A burning and stinging inflammatory condition of
the skin.

Morel's ear (mor-eV) [Benoit Augustin Morel,
French alienist, 1809-1873]. A large, outstanding
ear with more or less pronounced effacement of the
ridges and grooves.

Morgagni's cartilages {mor-gahn'-ye) [Giovanni
Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist, 1682-1771]-
See Wrisberg's cartilages. M.'s caruncle, the middle
lobe of the prostate. M.'s cataract, senile cataract
in which the nucleus remains hard, while the portion
between it and the cortex liquefies. M.'s columns,
vertical folds of the rectal mucous membrane seen
at the point of union of the latter with the skin of
the anus. M.'s concha, the superior turbinated
bone of the ethmoid. M.'s foramen. See Mei-
bomian foramen. M.'s fossa. 1. The fossa navi-
cularis of the urethra. 2. The concave interspace
between the upper border of the superior constrictor
muscles of the pharynx and the basilar process of the
occipital bone. M.'s frenum, M.'s retinaculum,
the ridge formed around the cavity of the cecum by
the prolongation of the folds of the ileocecal valve.
M.'s glands, the small racemose muciparous glands
in the mucous membrane of the urethra. M.'s
globules, M.'s spheres, small, hyaline bodies found
between the crystalline lens and its capsule before
and after death, especially in cases of cataract.
They are due to coagulation of the albuminous fluid
contained in the lens. M.'s hydatid, a vesicle about
the size of a pea, attached by a long thread-like stalk
to the Fallopian tube in the female, and to the
globus major of the epididymis in the male; it is
derived from the duct of Mueller. M.'s lacunae,
small depressions in the mucosa of the urethra,

MORGAN'S (DE) SPOTS

573

MORRHUA

especially the bulbous portion. M.'s liquor, a clear
fluid formed postmortem in the crystalline lens.
M.'s nodules. See corpora Arantii. M.'s prolapse,
chronic hyperplastic inflammation of the mucosa
and submucosa of Morgagni's ventricle. It is not a
true prolapse. M.'s sinus, i. The prostatic sinus.
2. The interval between the upper border of the
superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx and the
basilar process of the occipital bone. M.'s sinuses,
M.'s valves, small pouches, opening upward, formed
by the rectal mucosa, just above the anus. M.'s
tubercles. See Montgomery' s tubercles. M.'s ven-
tricle, the sacculus laryngis, the sac between the
superior vocal bands and the inner surface of the
thyroid cartilage.

(de) Morgan's spots. Bright red nevoid spots
often seen on the skin in cases of cancer.

morgue (morg) [Ft.]. A place where unknown
dead are exposed for identification.

moria (mo'-re-ah) [pupla, folly]. A dementia
characterized by talkativeness and silliness.

moribund (mor'-ib-und) [moribundus, from moriri,
to die]. In a dying condition.

morioplasty (mor'-e-o-plas-te) [nopiov, a small piece;
irXacraeiv, to mold]. Plastic surgery.

morning-sickness. The nausea of pregnant
women, occurring chiefly in the early months of
gestation; sometimes experienced by the husband
during the wife's early pregnancy.

morococcus (mo-ro-kok'-us) [morus, mulberry;
coccus]. A form of micrococcus found clumped or
in a mass.

morocomium {mo-ro-ko'-me-urri) [fiaipds, mad:
Kofielv, to care for]. An insane asylum.

morodochium (mo-ro-do'-ke-um) [puapbs, silly;
aexeotfcu, to receive]. An asylum for the insane.

moron (mor'-on) [pupbs, dull, stupid], i. A fool.
2. A child with permanently arrested mental de-
velopment.

Moro's tuberculin test or reaction [E. Moro,
German physician, 1874- ]. A test to determine
the presence or absence of tuberculosis. A small
amount of an ointment of equal parts of "old"
tuberculin and anhydrous lanolin is rubbed into the
unbroken skin of the abdomen or thorax for three
to five minutes. A positive reaction is indicated
by the appearance, within 24 to 48 hours, of hyper-
emia of the area and a number of paputes.

morosis (mo-ro'-sis) [fiupatrvs, foolishness]. In-
sanity.

morph (morf) [nopcpv, a blotch]. One of the
dark spots that occur on the foreheads of blonde
women suffering from uterine trouble, or who are
pregnant.

morphea, morphcea (mor-fe'-ah) [nopcprj, a blotch].
A disease of the skin characterized by the presence
of rounded or oval, pinkish or ivory-white patches,
due to an excess of fibrous tissue, with atrophy of
the skin-structures proper. It is believed to be a
trophoneurosis, and is considered a circumscribed
form of scleroderma. Syn., Addison's keloid; cir-
cumscribed scleroderma, m., acroteric, the form in
which the beginning and the greatest intensity of
the disease are at the extremities, m., herpetiform,
where the lesions follow those of herpes in their
distribution.

morpheum (mor'-fe-um). Morphine.

morphia (mor'-fe-ah). See morphine.

morphine, morphina (mor'-fen, mor-fi'-nah) [Mor-
pheus, god of sleep], C17H19NO3 +H2O. A colorless
or white crystalline alkaloid obtained from opium,
to which the chief effects of opium are due. It differs
from opium in being less stimulant, less constipating,
and less likely to produce disagreeable after-effects.
On account of its insolubility in water morphine is
used principally in the form of its salts. The dose
of the salts of morphine is f-§ gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.).
m. acetate {morphina acetas, U. S. P.), O7H19NO3 . -
C2H4O2 +3H2O. From it are prepared liquor morphia
acetatis (B. P.) (§ gr. to the dram), dose 20-40 min.
(1.3-2.6 Cc), and injectio morphina. hypodermica
(1 gr. in 10 min.). m. benzoate, C17H19NO3 . C7H6O2,
white crystalline powder or prisms used in treat-
ment of asthma. Dose ^-f gr. (0.005-0.03 Gm.).
m. borate, a white powder containing about 33 %
of morphine; recommended for hypodermatic use
and for eve-lotions, m. hydrochloride (morphines
hydrochlori'dum, U. S. P.), C17H19NO3 . HCI+3H2O.
Prom it are prepared liquor morphia hydrochloratis
(B. P.) (| gr. to the dram), dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc);

suppositoria morphia, (B. P.) (f gr. each); tinctura
chloroformi et morphina (| gr. to the dram) ; trochisci
morphia (B. P.) (3V gr.), and trochisci morphia et
ipecacuanha (B. P.) (^ gr.). m. phthalate, is em-
ployed hypodermatically. m., powder of, compound
(pulvis morphina compositus, U. S. P.), Tully's
powder. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.), containing | gr.
(0.01 Gm.) of morphine sulphate, m. stearate,
C17H19NO3 . C17H35COOH, contains 25 % of mor-
phine and is used in applications (0.5 to 50 Gm. of
fixed oil of almonds), ointments (0.5 to 50 Gm. of
petrolatum), and suppositories (0.02 to 2.5 Gm. of
cacao-butter), m. sulphate (morphina sulphas,
U. S. P), (Ci7Hi9N03)2 . H2SO4+5H2O. From it are
prepared liquor morphia sulphafis (B. P.), dose 10-40
min. (0.65-2.5 Cc), the compound powder of mor-
phine, and liquor morphina hypodermicus (N. F.),
Magendie's solution, containing 16 gr. to the ounce,
m. tartrate, is employed for hypodermatic use.
m. valerate, m. valerianate, C17H19NO3 . C5H10O2, is
used as a sedative.

morphinia (mor-fin'-e-ah) [morphine]. Any disease
due to the excessive use of morphine.

morphinism (mor'-fin-izm) [morphine]. 1. The
condition caused by the habitual use of morphine.
2. The morphine-habit.

morphinization (mor-fin-iz-a'-shun) [morphine].
The production of the physiological effects of mor-
phine.

morphinodipsia (mor-fin-o-dip'-se-ah) [morphine ;
8tya, thirst]. Morphinomania.

morphinomania, morphiomania (mor-fin-o-ma'-ne-
ah, mor-fe-o-ma'-ne-ah) [morphine; p.avla, madness].

1. A morbid craving for morphine. 2. Insanity
due to the morphine-habit.

morphinophagia, morphiophagy (mor-fin-o-fa'-je-ah,
mor-fi-off'-aj-e) [morphine; <payeii>, to eat]. Opium-
eating.

morphinum, morphium (mor-fi'-num, mor'-fe-um).
Morphine.

morphiometry (mor-fe-om'-et-re) [morphine; perpov,
measure]. The determination of the quantity of
morphine in a drug preparation or sample of opium.

morphcea (mor-fe'-ah). See morphea.

morphogenesis (mor-fo-jen'-es-is). See morphogeny.

morphogeny (mor-foj'-en-e) [jiop<pri, form; ykveia,
generation]. The genesis of form; the history of the
evolution of form.

morphography (mor-fog'-ra-fe) [pLop<pij, form;
ypacpeiv, to write]. Systematic investigation of the
structure of organisms in the most comprehensive
way. See morphology.

morpholecithal (mor-fo-les'-ith-aT) Uwp<pr), form;
Xeatfos, yolk of an egg]. 1. Germinal; formative.

2. Pertaining to the morpholecithus.
morpholecithus (mor-fo-les'-ith-us) [p.op<pri, form;

Xe/a0os, yolk of an egg]. The formative yolk of an
egg; the portion of an egg that undergoes segmenta-
tion and germination.

morphological (mor-fo-loj'-ik-al). Pertaining to
morphology.

morphology (mor-fol'-o-je) [nop<pri, form; \6yos,
science]. The science that treats of the form and
structure of organized beings.

morpholysis (mor-fol'-is-is) [floppy, form; Xuo-is,
a loosening]. Destruction of form.

morphometry (mor-fom'-et-re) [p.op<prj, form; p.krpov,
a measure]. The measurement of the forms of
organisms.

morphon (mor'-fon) [p.op<j>ii, form]. An individual
element of an organism, characterized by a definite
form, as a cell or a segment of a vertebrate.

morphonosus (mor-fon'-o-sus) [p.op<t>n, form; wo-os,
disease]. An anomalous change in the form of organs
or parts.

morphosan (mor'-fo-san). Proprietary name for
morphine methylbromate.

morphosis (mor-fo'-sis) [see morphon]. The act,
mode, or order of formation of an organism.

morphotic (mor-fol'-ik) [morphosis]. Pertaining
to morphosis; entering into the formation of the
framework of an organism, m. proteids, those that
enter into the structure of the tissues.

morpio (mor'-pe-o) [L.]. The crab-louse.

Morrant-Baker's cysts. See Baker's cysts.

morrhua (mor'-u-ah) [L.; gen., morrhua]. The cod.
morrhuae, emulsum olei (U. S. P.), a mixture of cod-
liver oil, acacia, syrup, oil of gaultheria, and water.
Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). morrhuae, emulsum olei, cum
hypophosphitibus (U. S. P.), emulsion of cod-liver oil

MORRHUIN

574

MOUNDING

and hypophosphites, contains of cod-liver oil, 500 Cc;
acacia, 125 Gm.; calcium hypophosphite, 10 Gm.;
potassium hypophosphite, 5 Gm.; sodium hypo-
phosphite, s Gm.; syrup, 10 Cc; oil of gaultheria,
4 Cc; water, q. s. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). morrhuse,
oleum (U. S. P.), cod-liver oil, a fixed oil obtained
from the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua and other
species of Gadus. Three varieties of oil are known in
commerce — a white or pale-yellow, a brownish-
yellow, and a dark-brown. The oil contains gaduin
(C35H46O9), oleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, and
physetolic acids, glycerol, butyric and acetic acids,
biliary pigments, iodine, and bromine. A crystalline
substance, morrhuol, containing phosphorus, iodine,
and bromine, has also been isolated, as well as several
leukomaine and the fixed bases, asellin (C25H32N4)
and morrhuin (C19H27N3). Cod-liver oil is used in
pulmonary and other forms of tuberculosis, and in
wasting conditions due to other causes. Dose 1 dr.-
| oz. (4-16 Cc).

morrhuin {mor'-oo-iri) . See under morrhua.

morrhuol (mor'-oo-ol). See under morrhua.

Morris' test. A rod graduated from the center
and provided with sliding pointers is placed across
the abdomen, so that its center corresponds to the
median line of the body, and the pointers are moved
along it until they reach the outer surface of the great-
er trochanter. In cases of fracture of the neck of the
femur a discrepancy will be found on comparing the
measurements on the two sides of the body.

mors (morz) [L.]. Death.

morsal (mor'-sel). [morsus, a bite]. Relating to
the cutting or grinding portion of a tooth.

morselling (mor'-sel-ing). See morcellation.

morsulus (mor'-su-lus) [dim. of morsus, a bite].
A lozenge or tablet.

morsus (mor'-sus) [L.]. A bite. m. diaboli, a
fanciful name for the fimbriated extremity of the
oviduct.

mortal (mor'-tal) [mor talis, from mors, death].
Liable to death or dissolution; terminating in death;
causing death; deadly.

mortality (mor-tal'-it-e) [mortal]. 1. The quality
of being mortal. 2. The death-rate.

mortar (mor' -tar) [mor tar turn, an urn]. An urn-
shaped vessel of porcelain, iron, or glass, for pul-
verizing substances by means of a pestle.

mortiferous (mor-tif -er-us) [mors; ferre, to bear].
Fatal. _

mortification (mor-tif -ik-a' -shun). See gangrene.

Morton's cough {mor' -tun) [Thomas George Morton,
American surgeon, 1835-1903]. A cough followed
by the vomiting of food, frequently, occurring in
pulmonary tuberculosis. M.'s disease. See M.'s
foot. M.'s fluid, iodine, 10 gr.; potassium iodide,
30 gr.; and glycerin, 1 ounce; used by injection in
cases of spinal meningocele. M.'s foot, a painful
affection of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the
fourth toe; me ta tarsalgia.

mortuary (mor'-tu-a-re) [mortuarium, a tomb].
1. A house for temporary burial; a morgue. 2. Re-
lating to death or burial.

morula (mor'-u-lah) [dim. of morum, a mulberry].
The solid mass of cells resulting from the complete
segmentation of the vitellus of an ovum.

morulation (mor -u-la' -shun) [morula]. The forma-
tion of the morula during the process of the seg-
mentation of the egg.

moruloid (mor'-u-loid) [morula, a little mulberry;
eI5os, like]. Resembling a morula.

morulus (mor'-u-lus). The lesion characteristic
of frambesia. A frambesial sore.

morum (mo'-rum) [L., "a mulberry"]. 1. The
fruit of the mulberry. 2. Condyloma. 3. Nevus.

morus (mo'-rus). See mulberry.

Morvan's chorea (mor-van'). Fibrillary contrac-
tions of the muscles of the calves and posterior por-
tion of the thighs, often extending to the trunk and
upper extremities, but leaving the face and neck
intact. Syn., choree fibrillaire de Morvan. M.'s
disease, a trophic affection of the skin with pain,
followed by analgesia first of one side, then of the
other, and then the formation of whitlows attended
with necrosis of the phalanges. Muscular atrophy,
paresis, contraction of the fingers, and loss of the
sensations of heat and cold are other symptoms.

morve (morv) . See equinia.

morvin (mor'-vin) [Fr. morve, glanders, malleus].
See mallein.

moschus (mos'-kus). Musk; the dried secretion

from the prepuce of the musk-deer, used as an
antispasmodic.

Mosler's diabetes (moz'-ler) [Karl Friedrich
Mosler, German physician, 1831- ]. Polyuria
due to the presence of too much inosite in the blood.

mosquito (mus-ke'-to) [Sp., "a little gnat"]. An
insect the sting of which causes the formation of a
wheal that itches intensely; especially the Culex
mosquito. It is also a .pathogenic agent in the
transmission . of disease. See Anopheles, Culex,
Stegomyia.

moss [AS., me6s], 1. A small cryptogamic plant
of the natural order Musci. m., Ceylon. See agar.
m., club-. See lycopodium. m., Corsican. See
Corsican moss, m.-fibers, peculiar fibers derived
from the white center of the cerebellum, and charac-
terized by having pencils of fine short branches at
intervals like tufts of moss; they end partly in the
granular layer, partly in the molecular layer, m.,
Iceland. See cetraria. m., Irish. See chondrus.

Moszkowicz test (mos'-ko-vits). For arteriosclero-
sis: the limb is elevated until the skin becomes pale;
a broad, elastic bandage is applied around the thigh
as high up as possible, and the bandage is allowed
to remain in place for five minutes. On removing
the elastic bandage a hyperemic blush spreads
over the limb but is less intense as the ischemic
areas of the foot or leg are approached. The con-
trast between the red and pale areas is marked, and
varies with the extent of the arterial obstruction.

moth, moth-patches. Chloasma.

mother (muth'-er) [AS., moder]. 1. A female
parent. 2. The source of anything. 3. [allied to
AS., mud.] A slimy film formed on the surface of
fermenting liquid, as on vinegar, m.-cell, a cell
from which other cells are formed, especially one the
nucleus of which is undergoing karyokinetic changes
preparatory to dividing into daughter-cells, m.-
liquor, the liquid remaining after dissolved substances
have separated by crystallization, m.'s mark, a
birth-mark. See nevus.

motile (mo'-til) [mover e, to move]. Able to move;
capable of spontaneous motion, as a motile fiagellum.

motility (mo-til' -it-e) [motile]. Ability to move
spontaneously.

motion (mo' -shun) [mover e, to move]. 1. The
act of changing place. 2. An evacuation of the
bowels; the matter evacuated.

motive (mo'-tiv) [mover e, to move]. Causing
motion; a determining impulse, m. force, m. power,
the moving or impelling force.

motor (mo' -tor) [see motion]. 1. Moving or causing
motion. 2. Concerned in or pertaining to motion,
as motor cell, motor center, motor nerve, m. aphasia.
See under aphasia, m. area, the portion of the
cerebral hemisphere presiding over voluntary motion,
including the precentral gyri, the posterior part of
the three frontal gyri, and the paracentral lobule on
the median surface of the hemisphere, m. nerve-
organs, m. nerve-plates, m.-sprays. See fields of
innervation, m. oculi, the third cranial or oculo-
motor nerve supplying all the muscles of the eye
except the superior oblique and external rectus.
m. points, the points on the surface of the body
where the various branches of the motor nerves
supplying the muscles may be stimulated by elec-
tricity.

motorgraphic (mo-tor-graf'-ik). See kinetographic.

motorial (mo-to'-re-al) [motor]. Of or pertaining
to motion, m. end-plate, an eminence of protoplasm
within the sarcolemma of a muscular fiber, repre-
senting the termination of the motor nerve-fiber.

motorium (mo-to'-re-um) [motor]. 1. A motor
center. 2. The motor apparatus of the body, both
nervous and muscular, considered as a unit.

motorius (mo-to'-re-us) [L.]. A motor nerve.

motormeter (mo-tor-me'-ter). A kinesiometer
used in recording gastric movements.

motorpathy (mo'-tor-path-e) [motor; irados, disease].
Kinetotherapy.

Mott's law of anticipation. When children of the
insane become insane they do so at a much earlier
age than did their parents, and they are also liable
to suffer from a more intense form of the disease.

mottling (mot' -ling) [OF., matelle, clotted; curdled].
A spotted condition.

mould (mold). See mold.

mounding (mown' -ding). The rising in a lump of
muscle-fibers when struck by a slight, firm blow.
It is observed in the thin and feeble, and in certain

MOUNTAIN ANEMIA

575

MUCOIDS

diseases, as pulmonary tuberculosis and advanced
locomotor ataxia. See myoidema.

mountain anemia. Ankylostomiasis, m.-fever,
m.-sickness. i. A condition characterized by dysp-
nea, rapid pulse, headache, nausea, and vomiting,
depending upon the rarefied state of the air at high
altitudes. This is properly called mountain-sickness.
2. A form of typhoid fever occurring in mountainous
districts.

mounting {mown' -ting) [mount]. The act of ar-
ranging objects, especially anatomical specimens, on
a suitable support and in a proper medium for ready-
examination. For macroscopic specimens the medi-
um is usually alcohol; for microscopic specimens,
Canada balsam or glycerol.

mouth (mowth) [AS., muth]. i. The commence-
ment of the alimentary canal; the cavity in which
mastication takes place. In a restricted sense, the
aperture between the lips. 2. The entrance to any
cavity or canal, m.-breather, a person who habitu-
ally breathes through the mouth, m.-breathing,
respiration through the mouth instead of, as normally,
through the nose.

movement (moov'-ment) [movere, to move]. The
act of moving, m., ameboid, a movement produced
in certain cells, as the white corpuscles, by the
protrusion of processes of the protoplasm into which
the whole cell then seems to flow; so-called from
the resemblance of the movement to that of the
ameba. m., angular, the movement between two
bones that may take place forward or backward, in-
ward or outward, m., associated, an involuntary
movement in one part when another is moved volun-
tarily, m., Brownian, a physical phenomenon,
a form of communicated motion observed in aggrega-
tions of minute particles, and consisting of a rapid
oscillating movement without change of the relative
position of the moving particles; also called pedesis.
m., ciliary, a lashing movement produced by delicate
hair-like processes termed cilia, as on the epithelium
of the respiratory tract and in certain microorganisms.
m., circus-, rapid circular movements or someisaults,
produced by injury of the corpus striatum, of the
optic thalamus, or of the crus cerebri of one side.
m., communicated, that produced by a force acting
from without; opposed to spontaneous movement.
m.-cure, kinesipathy. m., fetal, the movements
of the fetus in the uterus, m., forced, movement of
the body from injury of the motor centers or the
conducting paths, as index movement, when the ceph-
alic part of the body is moved about the stationary
caudal part; rolling movement, when the animal rolls
on its long axis, m., index, when the cephalic part
of the body is moved about the fixed caudal part.
m., molecular. Synonym of m., Brownian. m.,
rolling, when the animal rolls on its long axis, m.,
Swedish, kinesipathy. m., vermicular, peristalsis.

mower's mite (mo'-er). The harvest mite; see
Leptus autumnalis.

moxa (moks'-ah) [Jap.]. A combustile material
which is applied to the skin and ignited for the
purpose of producing an eschar. It is prepared from
several species of Artemisia; artificial moxa is made
from cotton saturated with niter, m.-bearer, an
instrument for applying the moxa. Syn., Porte-
moxa. m., electric, a faradic brush used as an active
electrode upon the dry skin.

moxibustion (moks-ib-us'-chun) [moxa; combustion].
Cauterization by means of a moxa.

moxosphyra {moks-os-fi'-rah) [moxa, <r<pvpa, ham-
mer]. A hammer heated in boiling water and applied
to the skin for purposes of counter-irritation.

moyrapuama (rnoi-rah-poo-am'-ah). See muira-
puama.

M. P. S. Abbreviation for Member of the Phar-
maceutical Society.

M.R.C.P. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal
College of Physicians.

M.R.C.S. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons.

M. R. C. V. S. Abbreviation for Member of the
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

M.S. Abbreviation 1. for Master of Surgery;
2. for Master of Science.

Ms. Chemical symbol of masrium.

M.S. A. Abbreviation for Member of the Apothe-
caries' Society.

M.Sc. Abbreviation of Master of Science.

M. u. Abbreviation of mache unit.

muavine, muawine {moo-ah'-vin, -win). An alka-

loid from muawi-bark. The hydrobromide is used
as a cardiac stimulant.

muawi-bark (moo-ah'-we-bark). The bark of a
leguminous tree closely related to Erythrophlceum
coumingo; used as an arrow-poison in Madagascar.
Syn., muawa.

mucago (mu-ka'-go). Mucus; mucilage.
mucedin (mii'-se-din) [mucus]. A nitrogenous
substance obtained from gluten.

mucherus (mil'-ker-us). The gum obtained from
Bombax malabaricum ; it is astringent and styptic.
Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). Syn., mocharas; mochras;
mochurrus.

mucic (mu'-sik) [mucus]. Obtained from mucus or
mucilage, m. acid, CeHioOs. A crystalline dibasic
acid produced by the oxidation of gums and certain
sugars.^

mucicarmine {mu-se-kar'-min). A stain for mucin
made up of carmine, 1 Gm.; aluminum chloride,
0.5 Gm.; distilled water, 2 Cc.

muciferous (mu-sif'-er-us) [mucus; ferre, to bear].
Producing or secreting mucus.

muciform (mu'-sif-orm) [mucus; forma, form].
Resembling mucus.

mucigen (mu'-sij-en) [mucin; ytwav, to produce].
A substance producing mucin; it is contained in
epithelial cells that form mucus.

mucigenous {mu-sij'-en-us) [see mucigen]. Pro-
ducing mucus.

mucilage (mu'-sil-dj) [mucilago, moldy moisture].
In pharmacy, a solution of a gum in water. Mucil-
ages (mucilagines) are employed as applications to
irritated surfaces, particularly mucous membranes,
as excipients for pills, and to suspend insoluble sub-
stances. The following are employed: Mucilago
acacia (U. S. P.), M. amyli (B. P.), M. sassafras
medulla (U. S. P.), M. tragacanthce (U. S. P.), M.
ulmi (U. S. P.).

mucilaginous (mu-sil-aj'-in-us) [mucilage]. Per-
taining to or of the nature of mucilage.
mucilago (mu-sil-a'-go). See mucilage.
mucin (mu'-sin) [mucus]. An albuminoid sub-
stance, the characteristic constituent of mucus. It
is supposed to be produced by the union of an al-
buminous body and a colloid carbohydrate, the "ani-
mal gum" of Landwehr. Mucin occurs in saliva, bile,
secretions of mucous membranes, synovial fluid,
in mucous tissue, in certain cysts, etc. • It is insolu-
ble in water, and is precipitated by alcohol and
acetic acid, m.-sugar. See levulose.

mucinemia {mu-sin-e' -me-ah) [mucin; al/ia, blood].
The presence of mucin in the blood.

mucinoblast (mu-sin'-o-blast) [mucin; /3Xa<rr6s, a
germ]. 1. A cell whose function it is to elaborate
mucin. Syn., mast-cell. 2. A goblet-cell.

mucinogen (mu-sin'-o-jen) [mucin; yewav, to
produce]. The antecedent principle from which
mucin is derived.

mucinoid (mu'-sin-oid) [mucin; elSos, like]. Re-
sembling mucin.

mucinoids (mu'-sin-oidz). See mucoids.
mucinuria (mu-sin-u'-re-ah) [mucin; ovpov, urine].
The presence of mucin in the urine.

muciparous (mu-sip'-ar-us) [mucus; par ere, to
bring forth]. Secreting or producing mucus.

mucitis (mu-si'-tis) [mucus; ms, inflammation].
Inflammation of a mucous membrane.

mucivorous (mu-siv'-or-us) [mucus; vorare, to
devour]. Subsisting on mucus or gum.

muco- {mu-ko-) [mucus]. A prefix meaning per-
taining to mucus.

mucocele {mu'-ko-sel) [muco-; k^Ai?, tumor].
1. A mucous tumor. 2. An enlarged lacrimal sac.
mucocolitis (mu-ko-ko-li'-tis). See colitis, mucous.
mucocolpos {mu-ko-kol'-pos) [muco-; koXwos, vagina]
A collection of mucus in the_ vagina.

mucocutaneous (mu-ko-ku-ta'-ne-us) [muco-; cuta-
neous]. Pertaining to a mucous membrane and the
skin; pertaining to the lines where these join.

mucoderm (mu'-ko-derm) [muco-; oepfia, skin].
The corium of a mucous membrane.

mucoenteritis {mu-ko-en-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation
of the mucous membrane of the intestine.

mucoid (mu'-koid) [muco-; eidos, likeness]. Re-
sembling mucus.

mucoids (mu'-koidz) [see mucoid]. A group of
glycoproteids embracing colloid, chondromucoid,
and pseudomucin, and differing from true mucins in
their solubilities and precipitation properties. They
are found in cartilage, in the cornea and crystalline

MUCOMEMBRANOUS

576

MULTIDENTATE

lens, in white of egg, and in certain cysts and ascitic
fluids.

mucomembranous {mu-ko-mem'-bran-us). See mu-
cosal.

mucoperiosteum {mu-ho-per-i-os'-te-um). Peri-
osteum possessing a mucous surface.

mucopurulent {mu-ko-pu' -ru-lent) [muco-; puru-
lent]. Containing mucus mingled with pus.

mucopus {mu'-ko-pus) [muco-; pus], A mixture
of mucus and pus.

Mucor {mu'-kor) [mucere, to be moldy]. A genus
of hyphomycetes. M. corymbifer, a species found
in the cerumen of the external auditory meatus.
M. mucedo, a species found on fecal matter and
nitrogenous organic substances. M. niger, a para-
sitic fungus causing black discoloration of lingual
papillae. >

mucoriferous {mu-kor-if'-er-us) [mucor; ferre, to
bear]. Mold-bearing or covered with a mold-like
substance.

mucorin {mu'-kor-in) [mucor]. An albuminoid sub-
stance from many species of the mucorinous molds.

mucosa {mu-ko'-sah) [mucosus, mucous]. A mu-
cous membrane; more fully, membrana mucosa.

mucosal {mu-ko'-sal). Relating to mucous mem-
branes.

mucosanguineous {mu-ko-san-gwin'-e-us). Con-
sisting of mucus and blood.

mucosedative {mu-ko-sed'-at-iv). Soothing to
mucosae.

mucoserous {mu-ko-se'-rus). Both mucous and
serous; containing mucous and serum.

mucosin {mu'-ko-sin) [mucus]. The form of
mucin to which the nasal, uterine, and bronchial
mucus owe their viscosity.

mucosity {mu-kos'-it-e). Sliminess.

mucous (mu'-kus) [mucus]. Containing or having
the nature of mucus; secreting mucus, as mucous
membrane; depending on the presence of mucus, as
mucous rales, m. casts, a term given to the casts
found in the feces in cases of membranous enteritis.
m. catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of a mucous
membrane, m. colitis. See colitis, mucous, m.
degeneration. See degeneration, m. disease, entero-
colitis, especially of children, m. glands, glands
containing mucous cells. m. membrane. See
membrane, m. patch, a flattened, grayish-white
exudate, occurring in secondary syphilis on mucous
membranes and at mucocutaneous junctions, m.
polyp, a soft, gelatinous outgrowth from a mucous
membrane; it may be a true myxoma, but usually is
a hyperplasia due to chronic inflammation, m.
tissue, a form of connective tissue in which the
intercellular substance is of a soft, gelatinous char-
acter and contains mucin. The cells from pressure
assume a stellate or spindle shape, m. tumor, a
myxoma.

muculent {mu'-ku-lent). Rich in mucus.

Mucuna {mu-ku'-nah) [Braz.]. A genus of
leguminous herbs. The hairs of the pods of M.
pruriens, cowage, were formerly used as a vermifuge
and counterirritant.

mucus {mu'-kus) [L.]. The viscid liquid secreted
by mucous membranes. It consists of water,
mucin, and inorganic salts, together with epithelial
cells, leukocytes, etc., held in suspension.

mud-bath. See bath-, mud.

mudar {mu'-dar) [E. Ind.]. The root-bark of
various Asiatic species of Calotropis (C. gigantea,
C. procera, C. hamiltoni) ; it is alterative, tonic, di-
uretic, sudorific, and emetic.

mudarin {mu'-dar -in) [E. Ind., mudar]. A bitter
principle from mudar; it is said to be tonic, emetic,
and alterative.

Mueller's capsule {mii'-ler) [i. Johannes Mueller,
German physiologist, 1801-1858]. See Bowman's
capsule. M.'s blood-motes, M.'s dust-bodies. See
hemokonia. M.'s duct or canal, [1], a duct lying
internally to the Wolffian body; it practically dis-
appears in the male, but becomes the Fallopian
tube and part of the uterus and vagina in the female.
M.'s eminence, in the embryo, the protuberance
formed by the cloaca at the point of entrance of
Mueller's duct. Syn., colliculus Muelleri. M.'s
experiment, [1]. 1. See Valsalva's experiment.
2. See Valsalva's lest. M.'s fibers [2. Heinrich
Mueller, German anatomist, 1820-1864]. Modified
neuroglia cells which traverse perpendicularly the
layers of the retina, and connect the internal and
external limiting membranes. M.'s fluid, [3. Her-

mann Franz Mueller, German histologist, 1866-1898].
A fluid used for hardening tissues. Its composition
is as follows: Potassium dichromate, 2 to 2.5 parts;
sodium sulphate, 1 part; water, 100 parts. M.'s
ganglion. See Ehrenritter's ganglion. M.'s law.
1. The tissue of which a tumor is composed has its
type in the tissues of the animal body, either in the
adult or in the embryonic condition. 2. The "law
of isolated conduction." The nervous impulse, or
"wave of change," passing through a neuron is not
communicated to other neurons, even when these
lie close alongside of it, except at the terminals.
M.'s muscle, [2]. 1. The circular bundles of
muscular fibers which form part of the ciliary muscle
and are situated nearest to the iris. 2. The superior
palpebral muscle. M.'s ring, a muscular ring
formed at the internal os uteri during the later
stages of pregnancy. M.'s sarcoma, adenofibroma
of the breast. Syn., sarcoma phyllodes. M.'s
sign, [4. Koloman Mueller, Hungarian physician,
1849- ]. Pulsation of the tonsils and soft
palate in cases of aortic insufficiency. M.'s test for
cystin, boil the cystin with potassium hydroxide
to dissolve it; when cold, dilute with water and add a
solution of sodium nitroprusside. This produces a
violet coloration which changes rapidly to yellow.

Muellerian cyst. A cyst developed from Mueller's
duct.

Muenchymeyer's disease {moonsh'-mi-er). A
progressive poliomyelitis with myositis ossificans.

muguet {moo-gwa') [Fr.]. Thrush.

muira puama {moo-e'-rah poo-am' -ah) [Indian name
or straight tree]. A shrub indigenous to the region
of the Amazon. It is recommended in the treat-
ment of impotence and as a nerve-tonic. Dose of
fluidextract 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc).

mulberry {mul'-ber-e) [morus, mulberry-tree].
A tree of the genus Morus. Morus nigra is the
source of mori succus of the B. P., the latter being
used to make syrupus mori (B. P.). Both are em-
ployed as drinks in fevers and as additions to gargles
in pharyngitis. The fruit of Morus alba is used as
food for silkworms, m. calculus. See calculus,
mulberry, m. mark, a nevus, m. mass. See
morula.

Mulder's angle, {mool'-der) [Johannes Mulder,
Dutch anatomist, 1769-1810]. In craniometry, that
angle produced by the junction of Camper's line and
a line joining the basi-occipital bone and the nasion.

Mulder's test for glucose. Alkalinize the solution
with sodium carbonate and add a solution of indigo-
carmin. If glucose is present, the solution becomes
decolorized on heating, but changes to blue again on
shaking with air. M.'s test for proteids, proteids
are colored yellow on treating with concentrated
nitric acid; on the addition of ammonia or sodium
or potassium hydroxide they become orange-yellow.
Syn., xanthoproteic reaction.

Mules' operation {mulz) [Philip Henry Mules,
English ophthalmologist, 1843-1905]- Evisceration
of the globe followed by the insertion of a silver or
glass ball within the sclerotic, with the view of
rendering the stump better suited to an artificial
eye.

muliebria {mu-le-eb' -re-ah) [L. neut. pi. of muliebris,
pertaining to a woman]. The female genital organs.

muliebris {mu'-li-eb-ris). Pertaining to a woman.

muliebrity {mu-le-eb' -rit-e) [mulier, woman].
Womanliness; puberty in the female.

mullen, mullein {mul'-en). See verbascum.

multangulum {mul-tan' -gu-lum) [multus, many;
angulus, an angle]. A bone with many angles.
m. majus, the trapezium, m. minus, the trapezoid
bone.

multarticulate, multiarticulate {mul-tar-tik'-u-lat,
mul-te-ar-tik'-u-lat) [multus, many; articulus, a joint].
Furnished with many joints.

multi- {mul-te-) [multus, much]. A prefix signi-
fying many.

multicapsular {mul-tik-ap'-su-lar) [multi-; capsula,
a little box]. In biology, composed of many cap-
sules.

multicellular {mul-te-seV -u-lar) [multi-; cellula,
cell]. Many-celled.

multicostate {mul-te-kos'-tat) [multi-; costa, a rib].
Having many ribs.

multicuspid, multicuspidate {mul-te-kus'-pid, mul-
te-kus'-pid-at) [multi-; cuspis, a point]. Having
several cusps, m. teeth, the molar teeth.

multidentate {mul-te-den'-tat) [multi-; dens, a

MULTIDIGITATE

577

MUNDIFICANT

tooth].- A term applied in biology to parts armed
with many teeth or tooth-like processes.

multidigitate (mul-te-dij'-it-at) [multi-; digitus, a
finger]. Having many digits or digitate processes.

multifetation (mul-tif-e-ta'-shun) [multi-; fetation].
Pregnancy with more than two fetuses.

multifid {muV -tif-id) . Divided into many parts.

multiflagellate (mul-tif-laj'-el-at) [multi-; ftagellum,
a whip]. Having many flagella.

multiform (mul'-tif-orm). Same as polymorphous.

multiganglionate {mul-te-gang' -le-on-at) [multi-;
ganglion]. Having many ganglia.

multiglandular (mul-te-glan'-du-lar) [multi-; glan-
dula, a gland]. Pertaining to several glands, m.
secretions, a mixture of secretions from two or more
glands, such as the saliva.

multigravida (mul-ti-grav'-id-ah) [multi- ; gravidus,
pregnant]. A pregnant woman who has passed
through two or more pregnancies.

multilobate (mul-te-lo'-bat) [multi-; \o/36s, a lobe].
Composed of many lobes.

multilobular (mul-ti-lob'-u-lar) [multi-; lobule].
Many-lobed.

multilocular (mul-ti-lok'-u-lar) [multi-; loculus, a
locule or cell]. Many-celled; polycystic.

multinebuuzer (mul-te-neb'-u-li-zer). A spraying
device used in treatment of disease of the nose,
throat, and ear.

multinuclear (mid-ti-nu'-kle-ar) [multi-; nucleus].
Having several or many nuclei.

multipara (mul-tip'-ar-ah) [multi-; par ere, to bring
forth], i. A pregnant woman who has already
borne one or more children. Opposed to primipara.
It has been customary to designate the number of
the pregnancy of a multipara by the unpronounceable
terms H-para, Ill-para, IV-para, etc. More com-
mendable are the following terms: secundipara,
tertipara, quartipara, quintipara, sextipara, septemi-
para, octavipara, nonipara, decimipara, etc., to des-
ignate respectively a woman in her second, third,

fourth, etc., pregnancy. 2. A woman bearing several
offspring at a birth.

multiparity (mul-tip-ar'-it-e) [multi-; par ere, to
bring forth]. The condition, state, or fact of being
multiparous.

multiparous (jnul-tip'-ar-us) [see multipara]. Hav-
ing borne several children.

multiple (mul'-tip-l) [multi-; plicare, to fold].
Manifold ; affecting many parts at the same time.
m. neuritis. See neuritis, multiple, m. pregnancy.
See pregnancy, multiple, m. sclerosis. See sclerosis,
multiple.

multipolar (mul-te-po'-lar) [multi-; polus, a pole].
Having more than one pole, as multipolar nerve-
cells, those having more than one process.

multivalent {mul-tiv'-al-ent) [multi-; valere, to be
worth]. In chemistry, combining with more than
one atom of a univalent element.

mummification (mum-if-ik-a'-shun) [mummy, from
Pers., mum, wax; facer e, to make]. The change of a
part into a hard, dry mass; dry gangrene.

mummified (mum'-if-id) [mummy ; facer e, to make].
Dried, like a mummy, m. pulp, the condition of the
dental pulp when it is affected by dry gangrene.

mumps [Du., mompen, to mumble]. An acute
infectious disease characterized by swelling of the
parotid and at times of the other salivary glands.
After a period of incubation of from two to three
weeks, the disease begins with fever and pain below
the ear; soon a tense, painful swelling forms in the
region of the parotid gland, rendering mastication
and deglutition difficult and painful. In the course
of a week the swelling subsides without suppuration.
The most frequent complication is orchitis; in rare
cases the ovaries are affected. Syn., parotiditis.

mundificant, mundificative {rnun-dif -ik-ant, mun-
dif -ik-at-iv) [mundus, clean; facere, to make]. 1.
Having the power to cleanse, purge, or heal. 2. A
cleansing or healing agent.

TABLE OF ENDOCARDIAL MURMURS.

Time. Point of Maximum
Intensity.

Line of Conduction.

Lesion.

Quality.

Systolic.

Center of mitral area,
above and to left of
apex.

At sixth rib opposite
apex, a line drawn
from the anterior
fold of axilla to
lower angle of left
scapula.

Mitral insuf-
ficiency or
incompe-
tence.

Variable; usually soft, blow-
ing; may be distinctly
musical.

Systolic.

Midsternum or to Toward top of ster-
right of it, opposite num, and along
third rib or second aorta and its large
interspace. branches.

Aortic obstruc-
tion.

Usually loud and harsh.
Harshness is one of its
distinguishing character-
istics.

Diastolic.

Presystolic.

Midsternum opposite
upper border of car-
tilage of third rib.

Down sternum to ! Aortic insuf-
ensiform cartilage. ficiency or
incompe-
tence.

Over mitral area Usually not trans-

around the apex.

mitted.

Mitral ob-
struction.

Soft, blowing, sometimes
rough, frequently musical.
It has the greatest area of
diffusion of all the cardiac
murmurs.

Generally low-pitched, rough,
churning, grinding, or blub-
bering. Subject to great
variation of pitch and
quality.

Systolic.

Midsternum just

above the ensiform
cartilage.

Toward
trium.

the epigas-

Tricuspid in-
sufficiency
or incom-
petence.

Low-pitched, superficial, blow-
ing, soft, faint.

Presystolic.

Systolic.

Midsternum opposite
the cartilage of
fourth rib.

Not transmitted.

Tricuspid ob-
struction.

Undetermined.

Second interspace to
the left of sternum
or at the level of
third rib.

Upward a short dis- Pulmonary ob-
tance and to left of struction.
sternum, stopping
abruptly.

Diastolic. Second left interspace.

Down left edge of
sternum to ensi-
form cartilage.

Pulmonary in-
sufficiency
or incom-
petence.

Often harsh and audible over
the whole precordia; may
be very faint.

Soft and blowing.

20

MURAL

578

MUSCLE

mural (mu'-ral) [murus, a wall]. Pertaining to
a wall, as a mural fibroid, m. gestation, m. preg-
nancy, pregnancy in the uterine extremity of a
Fallopian tube.

Murat's symptom (mu-rah'). In tuberculosis,
vibration of the affected part of the chest, attended
with a sense of discomfort while speaking.

Murchison's pill (murlsh'-is-on) [Charles Murchi-
son, English physician, 1830-1879]. A pill consist-
ing of digitalis gr.. |, squill gr. i|, and blue massgr. 2.

murexide {rnu-reks'-id) [murex, the purple-fish].
CgHgNeOs+HzO. Ammonium purpurate, a dichroic
crystalline salt obtained from guano and used as a
dye. m. test for uric acid, cover the substance or
the residue on evaporation with nitric acid; evaporate
to dryness on a water-bath, and when cold, add am-
monia, when it will turn purple-red.

muriate (mit'-re-at) [muria, brine]. An old name
for a chloride.

muriated (mil'-re-a-ted) [muriate]. Containing
chlorine or a chloride.

muriatic (mu-re-at'-ik) [muriate]. Pertaining to
brine, m. acid See acid, hydrochloric.

murmur (mer'-mer) [L.]. A blowing or rasping
sound heard on auscultation. See also under bruit.
m., accidental, a murmur dependent on an acci-
dental circumstance, as on compression of an artery
by the stethoscope, m., anemic. See m., hemic.
m., aneurysmal, the murmur or bruit heard over an
aneurysm. Syn., aneurysmal bruit, m., arterial,
the sound made by the arterial current, m., attri-
tion, a pericardial murmur, m., blood-. See m.,
hemic, m., cardiac, any adventitious sound heard
over the region of the heart. In relation to their
seat of generation, cardiac murmurs are designated
as mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary; according
to the period of the heart's cycle at which they occur
they are divided into systolic, those occurring during
the systole; diastolic, those occurring in diastole;
presystolic and prediastolic, those occurring just
before systole and diastole respectively. See table of
murmurs on page 577- ni., cardiopulmonary, one
produced by the impact of the heart against the
lung. m., diastolic, a cardiac murmur occurring
during the diastole, m., direct, a murmur produced
by obstruction to the blood-current as it is passing
in its normal direction, m., Duroziez's, the double
murmur sometimes heard in the femoral artery in
aortic regurgitation. m., dynamic, one resulting
from tumultuous and irregular action of the heart.
m., endocardial, a murmur produced within the
cavities of the heart. (See table below.) m.,
exocardial, a murmur connected with the heart,
but produced outside of its cavities, m., Flint's,
a murmur sometimes heard at the apex of the heart
in aortic regurgitation. It is generally presystolic
in time, and is probably due to the fact that on ac-
count of the extreme ventricular dilatation the valves
cannot be forced back against the walls and produce
a relative narrowing of the auriculoventricular ori-
fice, m., friction-, a sound produced by the rubbing
of two inflamed serous surfaces upon each other.
m., functional, a cardiac murmur occurring from
excited action of the heart or anemic condition of the
individual, without any structural change in .the
valves or orifices, m., hemic, a sound believed to
be due to changes in the quality or amount of the
blood and not to lesions of the vessels or valves. It
is heard especially in anemic conditions, m., in-
direct, one produced by the blood flowing in a direc-
tion contrary to the normal current, m., inorganic,
a murmur not due to valvular lesions; a hemic or a
functional murmur, m., mitral, one produced at the
mitral orifice, m., muscular. 1. The sound heard
on auscultation of a contracting muscle. 2. The
first sound of the heart, m., musical, a cardiac
murmur having a musical quality, m., organic, a
murmur due to structural changes in the heart, m.,
paradox, a systolic murmur prolonged so as to
appear to be followed by a diastolic murmur, m.,
presystolic, a cardiac murmur occurring just before
systole, m., regurgitant, one due to the blood flowing
backward into the ventricle, m., systolic, cardiac
murmur occurring during the systole, m., vesicular.
See vesicular, m., venous, m., whiffling, m., whist-
ling. See bruit de diable.

Murphy's button (mur'-fe) [John Benjamin
Murphy, American surgeon, 1857- ]• A mechani-
cal device for bringing together the visceral surfaces
of the intestine in intestinal anastomosis. M. drip,

proctoclysis.! M.'s law. See under jaundice. M.'s
treatment. 1. Treatment of peritonitis by continu-
ous low-pressure proctoclysis, the patient being placed

▲ P

Murphy's Button
A. Male half. B. Female half. P. Spring flange.
s, s. Springs projecting through opening in hollow
stem. Part of the cap of the male half has been
cut away at c to show circular spring which acts
as flange.:&The round holes in the caps are for
drainage.

in Fowler's position."^* 2. Treatment of pulmonary
tuberculosis by causing collapse of the affected lung
through intrapleural injection of nitrogen.

murrain (mur'-an) [Fr., from Lat. mori, to die].

1. Any fatal disease of cattle and sheep. 2. Foot-
and-mouth disease, m., bloody, Texas fever.

mus (mus) [L. pi. mures]. 1. A genus of rodents
of the family Muridce; it embraces rats and mice.

2. Any mouse-like formation; e. g., joint-mice.
mures articulares, mures articulorum. See arthro-
lith.

muscas (mus'-ke) [L.]. Plural of musca, a fly.
m. hispaniolae, cantharides. m. volitantes, floating
specks in the field of vision due to opacities in the
media of the eye.

muscarine {mus'-kar-en), C5H13NO2+H2O. A
poisonous alkaloid obtained from Agaricus muscarius.
It causes depression of the action of the heart and
the respiration, increases the excretions of the
salivary and lacrimal glands and of the intestine,
and produces contraction of the pupil, m. nitrate,
C5H15NO3HNO3. A brown mass used as an antihi-
drotic and antispasmodic.

muscegenetic (mus-e-jen-et'-ik) [musca, a fly;
generare, to produce]. Causing muscae volitantes or
photopsia.

muscle (mus'-l) [musculus, a muscle]. A structure
composed chiefly of muscular tissue and having the
property of contracting. Muscles are of two kinds,
the striped, or striated, and the smooth, or unstriated,
the first being voluntary, the second involuntary,
*. e., not subject to the will. An alphabetical list of
muscles is appended, m., antagonistic, one acting
in opposition to another, m., bicaudate, one that
has two distinct insertions, m., biventer, one with
two bellies, m.-bound, said of muscles which have
become inelastic from oveiuse. m., carpophalangeus,
one extending from the carpus to a phalanx, m.-
casket, a muscle-compartment, m.-clot, the clot
formed in the coagulation of muscle plasma, m.-
column. See under muscular tissue, m.-compart-
ment, one of the divisions of a muscle-fiber produced
by the extension of Krause's membrane from the
sarcolemmma. m., complex, m., compound, a
muscle possessing more than one point of origin or
of insertion or of both, m.s, congenerous, those
with related action, m.-curve, a myogram, q. v.
m., cutaneous. 1. Having cutaneous origins and
insertions. 2. Having cutaneous insertions, m.-
fiber, the ultimate element of which muscular
tissue is made up. Voluntary muscles consist of
transversely striated fibers, involuntary muscles of
spindle-shaped fibers or cells, m.s, hypaxial, m.s,
hyposkeletal, those which pass below the vertebral
axis; in man in front of the bodies of the vertebrae.
m.-imbalance, lack of muscular balance, as between
the muslces of the eyes, m.s, internal, involuntary
muscles, m., involuntary, one not under the control
of the will, as the nonstriated muscles, m., iso-
tonic, one that contracts on stimulation, its tension
remaining the same, m.s, multicipital, those having
distinctly more than one origin, m., nonstriated,
one composed of spindle-shaped muscle-fibers. See

MUSCLE

579

MUSCLE

muscular tissue, m.s, papillary, the muscular emi-
nences in the ventricles of the heart, from which the
chordae tendineae arise, m.s, pectinate, the serrated
muscles, m.-plasma, the fluid portion of the muscle
tissue. It is neutral or alkaline and spontaneously
coagulable, and contains myosinogen (the coagulable
substance), paramyosinogen, myoglobulin, myoal-
bumoses, and albumin, m.-plate, a segment of
embryonic mesoderm forming muscles, m., poly-
cipital. See m.s, multicipital. m.s, polygastric, long
muscles separated into parts by transverse tendinous
septa, m.s, postaxial, muscles on the dorsal
aspect of the limbs, which lie at right angles to the
spine, m.s, preaxial, muscles on the ventral aspect
of the limbs, which lie at right angles to the spine.
m.-rod, one of the ultimate divisions of the dim band
of a muscle-compartment, m.s, serrated, broad
muscles with serrated edges by means of which they
are inserted, m.-serum, the liquid residue after
coagulation of muscle-plasma, m.s, simple, those
having a single point of origin and one of insertion.
m., skeletal, any one of the muscles attached to and
acting on the skeleton, m., striated, m., striped, a
muscle constituted of striped muscle-fibers. See
muscular tissue, m.-sugar. See inosit. m.-tonus,
the condition of slight but continued contraction
in a muscle which causes the tension peculiar to
waking hours, m.s, bicipital, muscles having three
distinct origins, m., unstriated, m., unstriped. See
m., nonstriated. m., vestigial, one that is rudi-
mentary in man but well developed in the lower
animals, m., voluntary. See m., striated. TABLE
OF MUSCLES (ARRANGED ALPHABETI-
CALLY) : abductor digiti quinti. See abductor minimi
digiti. abductor hallucis, origin, outer head, os calcis,
plantar fascia, intermuscular septum; inner head,
internal annular ligament and tendon of tibialis
posticus; insertion, inner portion of lower surface
of base of great toe and inner side of internal sesa-
moid bone; innervation, internal plantar division of
posterior tibial nerve; it flexes and abducts the first
phalanx of the great toe. abductor indicis. See
inter os sei of hand, dorsal, abductor longus pollicis.
See extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis in this table.
abductor minimi digiti manus (A. digiti quinti),
origin, pisiform bone; insertion, first phalanx of little
fingei; innervation, ulnar; abducts little finger.
abductor minimi digiti pedis (.4. digiti quinti), origin,
outer tuberosity of the os calcis and plantar fascia;
insertion, first phalanx of little toe; innervation,
external plantar; it abducts the little toe. abductor
pollicis brevis. See abductor pollicis in this table.
abductor pollicis longus. See extensor ossis metacarpi
pollicis in this table, abductor pollicis manus,
origin, trapezium, scaphoid, annular ligament, pal-
mar fascia; insertion, first phalanx of thumb; inner-
vation, median; it abducts and flexes the first phalanx
of the thumb, abductor pollicis pedis, origin, inner
tuberosity of os calcis; insertion, fust phalanx of
great toe; innervation, internal plantar; abducts great
toe. accelerator urinae, origin, central tendon of
perineum and median raphe; insertion, bulb, spongy
and cavernous parts of the penis ; innervation, perineal ;
it ejects the urine, accessorius ad ilio-costalem,
origin, upper border of angles of lower six ribs;
insertion, upper border of angles of upper six ribs and
back of transverse process of seventh cervical verte-
bra; innervation, branches of dorsal nerves; it erects
the spine and bends the trunk backward, adductor
brevis, origin, ramus of pubes; insertion, upper part
of the linea aspera of femur; innervation, obturator;
it adducts, rotates externally, and flexes the thigh.
adductor hallucis, origin, tarsal ends of the three
middle metatarsal bones; insertion, base of the first
phalanx of great toe; innervation, external plantar;
it adducts the great toe. adductor longus, origin,
front of pubes; insertion, middle of linea aspera of
femur; innervation, obturator; it adducts, rotates
outward, and flexes the thigh, adductor magnus,
origin, rami of pubes and ischium; insertion, along
the linea aspera of femur; innervation, obturator and
great sciatic; it adducts the thigh and rotates it
outward, adductor minimus, a name given to the
upper portion of the adductor magnus. adductor
obliquus hallucis, origin, tarsal end of second, third,
and fourth metatarsal bones; insertion, base of first
phalanx of great toe; innervation, external plantar;
it adducts great toe. adductor obliquus pollicis.
See adductor pollicis in this table, adductor pollicis,
origin, third metacarpal; insertion, first phalanx of

thumb; innervation, ulnar; it draws the thumb to
median line, adductor transversus hallucis. See
transversus pedis in this table, adductor transversus
pollicis. See adductor pollicis in this table, adenoid,
adenopharyngeal. See thyroadenoideus in this table,
alares, the pterygoid muscles, anconeus, origin,
back of external condyle of humerus; insertion,
olecranon process and shaft of ulna; innervation,
musculospiral; it extends the forearm, antitragicus,
origin, outer surface of antitragus; insertion, caudate
process; innervation, temporal and posterior auricular.
arrectores pili, origin, pars papillaris of the skin;
insertion, hair-follicles; innervation, sympathetic;
they elevate the hairs of the skin, articularis genu.
See subcrureus in this table, aryepiglotticus. See
arytenoepiglottideus. arytenoepiglottideus inferior,
origin, arytenoid (anteriorly); insertion, epiglottis;
innervation, recurrent laryngeal ;_ it compresses the
saccule of the larynx, arytenoepiglottideus superior,
origin, apex of arytenoid cartilage; insertion,' aryteno-
epiglottidean folds; innervation, recurrent laryn-
geal; it constricts the aperture of the larynx, aryte-
noideus, origin, posterior and outer border of one
arytenoid; insertion, back of other arytenoid; inner-
vation, superior and recurrent laryngeal; it closes the
back part of the glottis, attollens aurem, origin,
occipitofrontalis aponeurosis; insertion, pinna; inner-
vation, temporal branch of facial; it elevates the
pinna, attrahens aurem, origin, lateral cranial
aponeurosis; insertion, helix; innervation, facial; it
advances the pinna, auricularis anterior. See
attrahens aurem in this table, auricularis posterior.
See retrahens aurem in this table, auricularis
superior. See attollens aurem in this table, azygos
uvulae, origin, posterior nasal spine of palate bone;
insertion, uvula; innervation, facial through spheno-
palatine ganglion; it raises the uvula, biceps brachii,
origin: i. Long head — glenoid cavity. 2. Short
head — coracoid process; insertion, tuberosity of
radius; innervation, musculocutaneous; it flexes
and supinates the forearm, biceps femoris, origin,
ischial tuberosity and linea aspera; insertion, head
of fibula and outer tuberosity of head of fibula;
innervation, great sciatic and external popliteal;
it flexes and rotates the leg outward, biceps flexor
cruris, the biceps femoris. biceps flexor cubiti.
See biceps brachii in this table, biventer cervicis,
origin, transverse processes, 2 to 4 upper dorsal;
innervation, superior curved line of occipital bone.
It is a portion of the complexus and retracts and
rotates the head, biventer mandibulae. See di-
gastric in this table, brachialis anticus, origin, the
lower half of the shaft of the humerus; insertion,
coronoid process of ulna; innervation, musculocu-
taneous.^ musculospiral; it flexes the forearm, bra-
chiofascialis, a part of the brachialis anticus inserted
into the fascia of the arm. brachio-radialis, the supin-
ator longus. Briicke's. See ciliary in this table, buc-
cinator, origin, alveolar process of maxillary bones and
pterygomaxillary ligament; insertion, orbicularis oris;
innervation, buccal branch of facial; it compresses the
cheeks and retracts the angle of the mouth, bulboca-
vernosus. See accelerator urines and sphincter vagina?
in this table, caninus. See levator anguli oris in this-,
table, cephalopharyngeus. See constrictor of phar-
ynx, superior, in this table, cervicalis ascendens,.
origin, angles of five upper ribs; insertion, transverse
processes of fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical verte-
bras; innervation, branches of cervical; it keeps the
head erect, chondrofascialis, a part of the pectoralis-
major inserted into the fascia of the arm. chondro-
glossus, origin, base of the lesser cornu of the hyoid
bone; insertion, tongue; innervation, hypoglossal;
it depresses and draws down the side of the tongue-
ciliary (Bowman's muscle), origin: 1. Longitudinal
portion (Briicke's muscle): junction of cornea and
sclera; 2. Circular portion (Mueller's muscle): the
fibers form a circle; insertion: 1. Outer layers of
choroid. 2. Ciliary processes; innervation, ciliary;
it is the muscle of visual accommodation, cleido-
mastoideus, the dorsal part of the sternodeidomastoid.
cleidooccipital, an anomalous muscle arising from the
clavicle externally to the sternomastoid and inserted
into the superior curved line of the occipital bone,
coccygeus, origin, ischial spine; insertion, coccyx,
sacrum, and sacrococcygeal ligament; innervation,
sacral; it supports the coccyx and closes the pelvic
outlet. Coiter's muscle, the corrugator supercilii.
complexus, origin, transverse processes seventh cer-
vical and six upper dorsal, and articular processes of

MUSCLE

580

MUSCLE

third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, occipital
bone; innervation, suboccipital, great occipital, and
branches of cervical; it retracts and rotates the head.
compressor narium, origin, nasal aponeurosis ; insertion,
fellow muscle and canine fossa; innervation, facial;
it compresses the nostril, compressor narium minor,
origin, alar cartilage; insertion, skin at end of nose;
innervation, facial; it dilates the nostril, compressor
sacculi laryngis, origin, fibers of the arytenoepiglot-
tideus; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it is the
compressor of the laryngeal saccule, compressor
urethrae, origin, ramus of pubes; insertion, fellow
muscle; innervation, perineal; it compresses the
membranous urethra, compressor vaginae, the
analogue of the two bulbocavernosi of the male;
innervation, perineal; it compresses the vagina.
compressor venae dorsalis penis, origin, fibers of
the ischiocavernosus; insertion, fascial sheath of the
penis, over the dorsal vessels; it is the compressor
of the dorsal vein, constrictor of pharynx (inferior),
origin, cricoid and thyroid cartilages; insertion,
pharyngeal raphe; innervation, glossopharyngeal,
pharyngeal plexus, and external laryngeal; it con-
tracts the caliber of the pharynx, constrictor of
pharynx (middle), origin, cornua of hyoid bone and
stylohyoid ligament; insertion, pharyngeal raphe;
innervation, glossopharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus;
it contracts the caliber of the pharynx, constrictor
of pharynx (superior), origin, internal pteryogid plate,
pterygomaxillary ligament, jaw, and side of tongue;
insertion, pharyngeal raphe; innervation, glosso-
pharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; it contracts the
caliber of the pharynx, constrictor urethrae. See
compressor urethra in this table, coracobrachial,
origin, coracoid process of scapula; insertion, inner
surface of shaft of humerus; innervation, musculo-
cutaneous; it adducts and flexes the arm. coraco-
cervicalis, an anomalous muscle arising from the
coracoid process and passing upward and forward to
be lost in the cervical fascia. Syn., Krause 's muscle.
coracohumeral. See coracobrachialis. coracohyoid,
the omohyoid muscle, coracopectoralis, the pec-
toralis minor, coracoradialis. i. The short head of
the biceps. 2. The biceps muscle, coracoulnaris,
the part of the biceps which has its point of insertion
in the fascia of the forearm near the ulna, corrugator
cutis ani, origin, submucous tissue on interior of
anus; insertion, subcutaneous tissue on opposite side
of anus; innervation, sympathetic; it corrugates the
skin about the anus, corrugator supercilii, origin,
superciliary ridge of frontal bone; insertion, orbicu-
laris palpebrarum ; innervation, facial; it draws the
eyebrow downward and inward, costoabdominal,
the obliquus externus. costocoracoid, the pectoralis
minor, costohyoideus, the omohyoid muscle, cre-
master, origin, upper and deep surface of middle of
Poupart's ligament; insertion, spine and crest of
pubic bone and fascia propria; innervation, genital
branch of genitocrural; it elevates the testicle,
cricoarytenoideus lateralis, origin, side of cricoid
cartilage; insertion, angle and external surface of
arytenoid; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it closes
the glottis. cricoarytenoideus posticus, origin,
back of cricoid cartilage; insertion, base of arytenoid
cartilage; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it opens
the glottis, cricothyroid, origin, cricoid cartilage;
insertion, thyroid cartilage (lower inner border);
innervation, superior laryngeal; it makes the vocal
bands tense, crureus. See vastus intermedins in
this table, cucullaris. See trapezius in his table,
deltoid, origin, clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapu-
la; insertion, shaft of humerus; innervation, circum-
flex; it abducts the humerus, depressor alae nasi,
origin, incisive fossa of superior maxillary bone;
insertion, septum and ala of nose; innervation, facial:
buccal branch; it contracts the nostril, depressor
anguli oris, origin, external oblique line of inferior
maxillary bone; insertion, angle of mouth; innervation,
facial: supramaxillary branch; it depresses the angle
of the mouth, depressor epiglottidis, those fibers of
the thyroepiglottideus that are continued forward
to the margin of the epiglottis, depressor labii
inferioris, origin, external oblique line of the inferior
maxillary bone; insertion, lower lip; innervation,
facial: supramaxillary branch; it depresses the lip.
depressor septi. See depressor ala nasi, in this table.
depressor urethrae, origin, ramus of ischium near
deep transversus perinei; insertion, fibers of con-
strictor vaginae muscle, detrusor urinae, origin,
front of pubis; insertion, prostate (in male), vagina

(in female) -^innervation, sympathetic; it compresses
bladder, diaphragm, origin, ensiform cartilage, six
or seven lower ribs, ligamenta arcuata, bodies of
lumbar vertebrae; insertion, central tendon; inner-
vation, phrenic and sympathetic ; function, respiration,
digastric (anterior belly), origin, inner surface of
inferior maxillary bone, near symphysis; insertion,
hyoid bone; innervation, inferior dental; it elevates
the hyoid bone and the tongue, digastric (posterior
belly), origin, digastric groove of mastoid process;
insertion, hyoid bone; innervation, facial; it elevates
the hyoid bone and the tongue, dilator naris an-
terioris, origin, alar cartilage; insertion, border of
ala of nose; innervation, facial: infraorbital branch;
dilates the nostril, dilator pupillae, origin, circum-
ference of iris; insertion, margin of pupil; innervation,
long ciliary (sympathetic); it dilates the pupil.
dilator naris posterioris, origin, nasal notch of
superior maxillary bone; insertion, skin at margin of
nostril; innervation, facial: infraorbital branch;
dilates the nostril, dorsal interossei (4), origin,
sides of metacarpal bones; insertion, bases of corre-
sponding phalanges; innervation, ulnar; abduct the
fingers from the median line, dorsal interossei (4),
origin, sides of metatarsal bones; insertion, base of
first phalanx of corresponding toe; innervation,
external plantar; abduct the toes, dorsiscapularis,
the rhomboideus major and rhomboid eus minor
regarded as one. elevator, the levator muscles.
epicranius. -See occipitofrontal in this table.
erector clitoridis, origin, tuberosity of ischium;
insertion, each side of crus of clitoris; it erects the
clitoris, erector penis, origin, ischial tuberosity,
crus penis, and pubic ramus; insertion, tunica albu-
ginea of corpus cavernosum; innervation, perineal;
junction, to maintain erection, erector pili. See
arrectores pili in this table, erector spinas, origin,
iliac crest, back of sacrum, lumbar and three lower
dorsal spines; insertim, divides into sacrolumbal,
longissimus dorsi, and spinalis dorsi; innervation,
lumbar nerves, posterior division; function, extension
of lumbar spjnes on, pelvis. Eustachian, the laxator
tympani. extensor brevis digitorum (pedis), origin,
os calcis, externally; insertion, first phalanx of great
toe and tendons of extensor longus; innervation,
anterior tibial; it extends the toes, extensor brevis
hallucis, a name applied to that portion of the
extensor brevis digitorum that goes to the great toe.
extensor brevis pollicis. See extensor primi inler-
nodii pollicis in this table, extensor carpi radialis
brevior, origin, external condyloid ridge of humerus;
insertion, base of second and third metacarpal;
innervation, posterior interosseous; it extends the
wrist, extensor carpi radialis longior, origin, lower
one-third of external condyloid ridge of humerus;
insertion, base of second metacarpal; innervation,
musculospiral ; it extends the wrist, extensor carpi
ulnaris, origin: first head, external condyle of humerus;
second head, posterior border of ulna; insertion, base
of fifth metacarpal; innervation, posterior interosse-
ous; it extends the wrist, extensor coccygis, origin,
last bone of sacrum or first of coccyx; insertion,
lower part of coccyx; innervation, sacral branches;
it extends the coccyx, extensor communis digi-
torum, origin, external condyle of humerus; insertion,
all of the second and third phalanges; innervation,
posterior interosseous ;# it extends the fingers, ex-
tensor digitorum brevis. See extensor brevis digi-
torum in this table, extensor digiti quinti proprius.
See extensor minimi digiti in this table extensor
digitorum longits. See extensor longus digitorum in
this table, extensor hallucis longus. See extensor
proprius hallucis in this table, extensor indicis,
origin, back of ulna; insertion, second and third
phalanges of index-finger; innervation, posterior
interosseous; it extends the index-finger, extensor
longus digitorum pedis, origin, outer tuberosity of
tibia and shaft of fibula; insertion, second and third
phalanges of toes; innervation, anterior tibial; it
extends the toes, extensor longus pollicis. See
extensor secundi internodii pollicis in this table.
extensor minimi digiti, origin, external condyle of
humerus; insertion, second and third phalanges of
little finger; innervation, posterior interosseous; it
extends the little finger, extensor ossis metacarpi
pollicis, origin, back of radius and ulna and inter-
osseous membrane; insertion, base of metacarpal of
thumb and fascia; innervation, posterior interosseous]
it extends the thumb, extensor ossis metatarsi
hallucis (anomalous), origin, extensor proprius hal-

MUSCLE

581

MUSCLE

lucis, or extensor communis digitorum, or tibialis
anticus; insertion, metatarsal bone of hallux, ex-
tensor pollicis brevis. See extensor primi internodii
pollicis in this table, extensor pollicis longus. See
extensor longus pollicis in this table, extensor primi
internodii pollicis, origin, back of radius; insertion,
base of first phalanx of thumb; innervation, posterior
interosseous; it extends the thumb. extensor
proprius hallucis, origin, middle of fibula; insertion,
base of last phalanx of great toe; innervation, anterior
tibial; it extends the great toe. extensor proprius
minimi digiti, origin, lower part of ulna or posterior
ligament of wrist-joint: insertion, base of first phalanx
of little finger; it extends the little finger, extensor
secundi internodii pollicis, origin, back of ulna;
insertion, base of last phalanx of thumb; innervation,
posterior interosseous; it extends the thumb, ex-
tensor, ulnocarpal, the extensor carpi ulnaris. ex-
trarectus. i. The pyriformis. 2. The rectus ex-
ternus muscle of the eye. Fallopian, the pyramidalis.
fascialis. See tensor vagina femoris in this table.
flexor accessorius digitorum (of foot) {two heads),
origin, inner and outer surface of os calcis; insertion,
tendon of flexor longus digitorum; innervation,
external plantar; it is the accessory flexor of toes,
flexor accessorius longus digitorum (of foot), origin,
shaft of tibia or fibula; insertion, tubercle of os calcis,
and joins tendon of long flexor; innervation, external
plantar; it assists in flexing the toes, flexor brevis
digitorum (of foot), origin, inner tuberosity of os
calcis and plantar fascia; insertion, second phalanges
of the lesser toes; innervation, internal plantar; it
flexes the lesser toes, flexor brevis hallucis, origin,
under surface of cuboid, plantar ligaments, and ex-
ternal cuneiform; insertion, base of first phalanx of
great toe; innervation, internal plantar; it flexes and
slightly adducts the first phalanx of the great toe.
flexor brevis minimi digiti (of foot), origin, base of
fifth metatarsal; insertion, base of first phalanx of
little toe; innervation, external plantar; it flexes the
little toe. flexor brevis minimi digiti (of hand),
origin, unciform bone and annular ligament; insertion,
first phalanx of little finger; innervation, ulnar; it
flexes the little finger, flexor brevis pollicis (of foot).
See flexor brevis hallucis in this table, flexor brevis
pollicis (of hand) {two heads), origin — outer: lower
border of anterior annular ligament; ridge of trape-
zium; inner: os magnum and bases of first, second,
and third metacarpal bones; insertion, base of first
phalanx of thumb; innervation, outer head — median:
palmar branch; inner head — deep ulnar; it flexes the
metacarpal bone of the thumb, flexor carpi radialis,
origin, internal condyle of humerus; insertion, meta-
carpal bone of index- finger; innervation, median; it
flexes the wrist, flexor carpi ulnaris {two heads),
origin: 1. Internal condyle. 2. Olecranon and ulna;
insertion, fifth metacarpal, annular ligament, and
pisiform bone; innervation, ulnar; it flexes the wrist.
flexor digiti quinti brevis. See flexor brevis minimi
digiti in this table, flexor digitorum brevis. See
flexor brevis digitorum in this table, flexor digitorum
longus. See flexor longus digitorum in this table.
flexor digitorum profundus. See flexor profundus
digitorum in this table, flexor digitorum sublimis.
See flexor sublimis digitorum in this table, flexor
hallucis brevis. See flexor brevis hallucis in this
table, flexor hallucis longus. See flexor longus
hallucis in this table, flexor indicis, the name given
to the indicial portion of the flexor profundus digi-
torum when it is distinct, flexor longus digitorum
(of foot), origin, shaft of tibia; insertion, last pha-
langes of toes; innervation, posterior tibial; it flexes
the phalanges and extends the ankle, flexor longus
hallucis, origin, dower two-thirds of shaft of fibula;
insertion, last phalanx of great toe; innervation,
posterior tibial; it flexes the great toe. flexor longus
pollicis, origin, shaft of radius and coronoid process
of ulna; insertion, last phalanx of thumb; innervation,
anterior interosseous; it flexes the thumb, flexor
ossis metacarpi pollicis. See opponens pollicis in
this table, flexor pollicis brevis. See flexor brevis
Pollicis in this table, flexor pollicis longus. See
flexor longus pollicis in this table, flexor profundus
digitorum, origin, shaft of ulna; insertion, last pha-
langes by four tendons; innervation, ulnar and
anterior interosseous; it flexes the phalanges, flexor
sublimis digitorum {three heads), origin: 1. Inner
condyle. 2. Coronoid process. 3. Oblique line of
radius; insertion, second phalanges by four tendons;
innervation, median; it flexes the second phalanges.

gastrocnemius {two heads), origin, condyles of femur;
insertion, os calcis by tendo Achillis; innervation,
internal popliteal; it extends the foot, gemellus
inferior, origin, tuberosity of ischium and lesser
sacrosciatic notch; insertion, great trochanter; inner-
vation, sacral; function, external rotator of the
thigh, gemellus superior, origin, ischial spine and
lesser sacrosciatic notch; insertion, great trochanter;
innervation, sacral; function, external rotator of the
thigh, geminous, geminus, gemelli, gemini, the
combined gemellus inferior and gemellus superior.
genioglossus. See geniohyoglossus in this table,
geniohyoglossus, origin, superior genial tubercle of
inferior maxillary bone; insertion, hyoid and inferior
surface of tongue; innervation, hypoglossal; it retracts
and protrudes the tongue, geniohyoid, origin,
inferior genial tubercle of inferior maxillary bone;
insertion, body of hyoid; innervation, hypoglossal;
it elevates and advances the hyoid. glossopalatinus,
a small muscle constricting the action of the fauces
and composing the major part of the anterior pillar.
gluteoperineal, an anomalous branch of the super-
ficial transverse perineal muscle which originates
from the fascia covering the gluteus maximus.
gluteus maximus, origin, superior curved iliac line
and crest, sacrum, and coccyx; insertion, fascia and
femur below great trochanter; innervation, inferior
gluteal and sacral plexus; it extends, abducts, and
rotates the thigh outward, gluteus medius, origin,
ilium between superior and middle curved lines;
insertion, oblique line of great trochanter; innervation,
superior gluteal; it rotates, abducts, and advances
the thigh, gluteus minimus, origin, ilium between
middle and inferior curved lines: insertion, great tro-
chanter; innervation, superior gluteal; it rotates, ab-
ducts, and draws the thigh forward, gracilis, origin,
rami of pubes and ischium; insertion, tibia, upper and
inner part; innervation, obturator; it flexes and ab-
ducts the leg. gubernaculum testis. See cremaster
in this table. Guthrie's. See compressor urethra in
this table, helicis major et minor, origin, tubercle
on helix; insertion, rim of helix near summit; inner-
vation, auriculotemporal and posterior auricular.
Hilton's. See compressor sacculi laryngis in this
table, hippicus, the tibialis anticus. Horner's.
See ciliary and tensor tarsi in this table, hyoglossus,
origin, cornua of hyoid bone; insertion, side of tongue;
innervation, hypoglossal; it depresses the side of the
tongue and retracts it. iliacus, origin, iliac fossa and
crest, base of sacrum; insertion, lesser trochanter,
upper part of shaft of femur; innervation, anterior
crural; it flexes and rotates the thigh outward.
iliacus externus, the pyriformis. iliocostal. See
sacrolumbalis in this table, iliocostalis lumborum.
See sacrolumbalis in this table, iliocostalis cervicis.
See cervicalis ascendens in this table, iliocostalis
dorsi. See accessorius ad iliocostalem in this table.
iliocostalis lumborum. See sacrolumbalis in this
table, iliolumbalis, the quadratus lumborum. ilio-
psoas, the iliacus and psoas muscles considered as
one. infracostals (10), origin, inner surface of ribs;
insertion, inner surface of two or three ribs above;
innervation, intercostal; function, expiration, by
depressing the ribs, infraoblique. See obliquus
capitis inferior in this table, infraspinatus, origin,
infraspinous fossa; insertion, great tuberosity of
humerus; innervation, suprascapular; it rotates the
humerus outward, interaccessory, short lumbar
muscles connecting the> accessory processes of the
vertebrae, interarytenoid, origin, one arytenoid
cartilage; insertion, the other arytenoid cartilage;
innervation, recurrent laryngeal; function, approxi-
mates arytenoid cartilages, intercostals, external
(11), origin, outer lip of inferior costal border;
insertion, superior border of ribs above; innervation,
intercostal; they raise the ribs in inspiration, inter-
costals, internal (n), origin, inner lip of inferior
costal border; insertion, superior border of rib
below; innervation, intercostal; they depress the ribs
in expiration, internal pleuricostals. See inter-
costals, internal, in this table, interossei of foot,
dorsal (4), origin, adjacent surfaces of metatarsal
bones; insertion, bases of first phalanges; innervation,
external plantar; they abduct from the middle line
of the second toe. interossei of foot, plantar (3),
origin, inner lower surface of three outer metatarsal
bones; insertion, bases of first phalanges of three
outer toes; innervation, external plantar; they adduct
the outer three toes, interossei of hand, dorsal (4),
origin, five metacarpal bones; insertion, sides of

MUSCLE

582

MUSCLE

aponeurosis of extensor communis and adjacent
parts of first phalanges; innervation, ulnar; they
abduct the index, middle, and ring fingers, and aid
in flexing the first phalanges and extending the second
and third, interossei of hand, palmar (3), origin,
sides of metacarpal bones; insertion, aponeurosis of
extensor tendons, adjacent part of first phalanges;
innervation, ulnar; they abduct the index, ring, and
little fingers, and aid in flexing the first phalanges and
in extending the second and third, interspinales,
origin, upper surface of spines of vertebrae, near tip;
insertion, posterior part of lower surface of spine
above; innervation, internal divisions of posterior
branches of spinal nerves; they extend the vertebrae
next above, intertransversales or inter transversarii,
origin, between transverse processes of contiguous
vertebrae; innervation, spinal nerves; they flex the
spinal column laterally, ischiocavernosus. See erec-
tor penis and erector clitoridis in this table. Jarja-
vay's. _ See depressor urethra in this table, kera-
tocricoid. See cricothyroid in this table, kerato-
glossus, those fibers of the hyoglossus that arise
from the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, latissimus
colli. See platysma myoides in this table, latissimus
dorsi, origin, spines of six lower dorsal and lumbar
and sacral vertebrae, crest of ilium, and three or four
lower ribs; insertion, bicipital groove of humerus;
innervation, long subscapular; it draws the arm
backward and downward and rotates it inward.
laxator tympani, origin, spinous process of sphenoid
bone and Eustachian tube; insertion, neck of malleus;
innervation, facial; it relaxes the membrana tympani.
levator anguli oris, origin, canine fossa of superior
maxillary bone; insertion, angle of mouth; innervation,
infraorbital branch of facial; it elevates the angle of
the mouth, levator anguli scapulae, origin, trans-
verse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae;
insertion, posterior border of scapula; innervation,
fifth cervical and cervical plexus ; it elevates the upper
angle of the scapula, levator ani, origin, posterior
portion of body and ramus of pubes, pelvic fascia,
ischial spine; insertion, rectum, occcyx, and fibrous
raphe; innervation, sacral and perineal; supports the
rectum and vagina, levator labii inferioris, origin,
incisive fossa of inferior maxillary bone; insertion,
skin of lower lip; innervation, supramaxillary branch
of facial; it elevates the lower lip. levator labii
superioris, origin, lower margin of orbit; insertion,
upper lip; innervation, infraorbital branch of facial;
it elevates the upper lip. levator labii superioris
alseque nasi, origin, nasal process of superior maxillary
bone; insertion, alar cartilage and upper lip; inner-
vation, infraorbital branch of facial; it elevates the
upper lip and dilates the nostril, levator menti.
See levator labii inferioris in this table, levator
palati, origin, petrous portion of temporal bone;
insertion, soft palate; innervation, sphenopalatine
ganglion (facial) ; it elevates the soft palate, levator
palpebrae superioris, origin, lesser wing of sphenoid;
insertion, upper tarsal cartilage; innervation, third
cranial; it lifts the upper lid. levator scapulae. See
levator anguli scapula in this table, levator veli
palatini. See levator palati in this table, levatores
costarum (12), origin, transverse processes of last
cervical and dorsal vertebrae; insertion, each to the
rib below; innervation, intercostal; they raise the
ribs, lingualis, origin, under surface of tongue;
innervation, chorda tympani and hypoglossal; it
elevates the middle of the tongue, lingualis superior,
a band of fibers extending from base to apex of the
upper surface of the tongue, longer straight, the
rectus capitis posticus major, longissimus capitis.
See _ trachelomastoid in this table, longissimus
cervicis. See transversalis colli in this table, longis-
simus dorsi, origin, erector spinse; insertion, trans-
verse processes of lumbar and dorsal vertebrae and
seventh to eleventh ribs; innervation, branches of
lumbar and dorsal; it erects the spine and bends the
trunk backward, longus capitis. See rectus capitis
anticus major in this table, longus colli. 1. Superior
oblique portion. 2. Inferior oblique portion. 3.
Vertical portion. Origin: 1. Transverse processes
third to fifth cervical vertebra?. 2. Bodies of first
to third dorsal vertebrae. 3. Bodies of three dorsal
and two cervical vertebrae. Insertion: 1. Anterior
tubercle of atlas. 2. Transverse processes fifth and
sixth cervical vertebrae. 3. Bodies of second to
fourth cervical vertebrae. Innervation, lower cervi-
cal. It flexes the cervical vertebrae, lumbo-
femoralis, the psoas magnus. lumboiliacus, the

psoas parvus, lumbricales (4) (of foot), origin,
tendons of flexor longus digitorum; insertion, first
phalanges of the lesser toes; innervation, internal and
external plantar; they are accessory flexors, lumbri-
cales (4) (of hand), origin, tendons of flexor profundus
digitorum; insertion, tendons of common extensor;
innervation, median and ulnar; they flex the first
phalanges, malaris, a part of the orbicularis palpe-
brarum originating in the inner inferior margin of the
orbit and adjacent part of the dorsum of the nose and
uniting partly with the zygomaticus major, mal-
ledius, the tensor tympani. masseter, origin, zygo-
matic arch; insertion, angle and ramus of jaw; inner-
vation, inferior maxillary; it is the muscle of masti-
cation, mastoideus anterior, mastoideus colli, the
sterno mastoid, mastoideus lateralis, the trachelo-
mastoid. mentalis. See levator labii inferioris in
this table, midriff. See diaphragm in this table.
Mueller's. See ciliary in this table. Mueller's
(orbital), origin, connected with the orbital peri-
osteum; it crosses the sphenomaxillary fissure;
innervation, sympathetic. Mueller's (superior palpe-
bral), origin, connected with the levator palpebrae
superioris; insertion, along the upper border of the
tarsus; innervation, sympathetic; it assists in raising
the upper lid. multifidus spinse, origin, sacrum, iliac
spine, articular processes of lumbar and cervical
vertebrae, and transverse processes of dorsal and
seventh cervical; insertion, laminae and spines from
last lumbar to second cervical vertebra; innervation,
posterir spinal branches; it erects and rotates the
spinal column, musculus accessorius ad sacro-
lumbalem, origin, angles of six lower ribs; insertion,
angles of six upper ribs; innervation, branches of
dorsal; it erects the spine and bends the trunk back-
ward, mylohyoid, origin, mylohyoid ridge of in-
ferior maxillary bone; insertion, body of hyoid and
raphe; innervation, inferior dental; it elevates and
advances the hyoid bone, nasalis, a name suggested
for the pyramidalis nasi, a part of the levator labii
superioris and the outer portion of the depressor
alae nasi, nasolabialis, origin, nasal septum; inser-
tion, upper lip; innervation, facial; it connects the
upper lip with the septum of the nose, nasotrans-
versalis, the compressor narium. nauticus, the tibi-
alis posticus, obliquus auris or auriculae, origin,
concha of ear; insertion, fossa of anthelix; innervation,
temporal and posterior auricular, obliquus capitis
inferior, origin, spinous process of axis; insertion,
transverse process of atlas; innervation, suboccipital
and great occipital; it rotates the atlas and the
cranium, obliquus capitis superior, origin, trans-
verse process of atlas; insertion, occipital bone; inner-
vation, suboccipital and great occipital; it draws the
head backward, obliquus externus abdominis,
origin, eight lower ribs; insertion, middle line, iliac
crest, Poupart's ligament; innervation, intercostal,
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the viscera
and flexes the thorax, obliquus inferior, origin,
orbital plate of superior maxillary bone; insertion,
sclerotic; innervation, third cranial; it rotates the
eyeball upward and outward, obliquus internus
abdominis, origin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, Poupart's
ligament; insertion, three lower ribs, linea alba, pubic
crest, pectineal line; innervation, intercostal, iliohypo-
gastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the viscera, flexes
the thorax, and assists in expiration, obliquus su-
perior, origin, above optic foramen, through pulley;
insertion, sclerotic; innervation", fourth cranial; it
rotates the eyeball downward and inward, obturator
externus, origin, obturator foramen and membrane;
insertion, digital fossa at base of great trochanter;
innervation, obturator; function, external rotator of
the thigh, obturator internus, origin, obturator
foramen and membrane; insertion, great trochanter;
innervation, sacral; function, external rotator of thigh,
occipitalis. See occipitofrontalis in this table, occi-
pitofrontalis, origin, superior curved line of occiput
and angular process of frontal bone; insertion,
aponeurosis; innervation, posterior auricular, small
occipital, facial; it moves the scalp, omohyoid,
origin, upper border of scapula; insertion, body of
hyoid bone; innervation, descendens and communicans
noni; it depresses and retracts the hyoid bone,
opisthenar, the erector spinae. opponens digiti
quinti. See opponens minimi digiti in this table,
opponens minimi digiti, origin, unciform bone; in-
sertion, fifth metacarpal; innervation, ulnar; it flexes
the little finger, opponens pollicis, origin, trapezium,
anterior annular ligament; insertion, metacarpal bone

MUSCLE

583

MUSCLE

of thumb; innervation, median, palmar division; it
ilexes the thumb, orbicularis oculi. See orbicularis
palpebrarum in this table, orbicularis oris, origin,
nasal septum and canine fossa of inferior maxilla,
by accessory fibers; insertion, forms lips and sphincter
of mouth; innervation, buccal and supramaxillary
branches of facial; it closes the mouth, orbicularis
palpebrarum, origin, mesal margin of orbit; insertion,
lateral margin of orbit; innervation, facial; it closes the
eyelids, orbitalis. See Muellers muscle in this
table, palatoglossus, origin, soft palate; insertion,
side and dorsum of tongue; innervation, sphenopala-
tine ganglion; it constricts the fauces, palato-
pharyngeus, origin, soft palate; insertion, thyroid
cartilage and pharynx; innervation, sphenopalatine
ganglion; it closes the posterior nares. palmaris
brevis, origin, annular ligament and palmar fascia;
insertion, skin of palm of hand; innervation, ulnar;
It corrugates the skin of the palm, palmaris inter-
ossei (3), origin, palmar surfaces second, fourth,
and fifth metacarpal bones; insertion, bases of first
phalanges of corresponding fingers; innervation, ulnar;
adduct the fingers, palmaris longus, origin, internal
condyle of humerus; insertion, annular ligament and
palmar fascia; innervation, median; it renders the
palmar fascia tense, palpebral, the orbicularis
palpebrarum, pectineus, origin, iliopectineal line
and pubes; insertion, femur below lesser trochanter;
innervation, anterior crural, obturator; it flexes and
rotates the thigh outward, pectoralis major, origin,
clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages; insertion,
•external bicipital ridge of humerus; innervation,
anterior thoracic, external and internal; it draws the
arm downward and forward, pectoralis minor,
origin, third, fourth, and fifth ribs; insertion, coracoid
process; innervation, anterior thoracic; it depresses
the point of the shoulder, pericardiothyroideus, a
band of fibers extending from the isthmus of the
thyroid gland to the anterior surface of the fibrous
layer of the pericardium, peristaphylinus externus,
the abductor of the Eustachian tube, a muscle arising
from the lower surface of the sphenoid bone and from
the membranous part of the cartilaginous portion of
the Eustachian tube; it is inserted into the hamular
process of the pterygoid bone, peristaphylinus
internus, the levator palati. peroneus brevis, origin,
middle third of shaft of fibula, externally; insertion,
base of fifth metatarsal bone; innervation, musculo-
cutaneous; it extends the foot, peroneus longus,
origin, head and shaft of fibula; insertion, first
metatarsal of great toe; innervation, musculocutane-
ous; it extends and everts the foot, peroneus
tertius, origin, lower fourth of fibula; insertion, fifth
metatarsal bone; innervation, anterior tibial; it flexes
the tarsus, pharyngopalatinus. See palatopharyn-
geus in this table, plantaris, origin, outer bifurcation
of linea aspera and posterior ligament of knee-joint;
insertion, os calcis by means of the tendo Achillis;
innervation, internal popliteal; it extends the foot.
plantaris interossei (3), origin, shafts of third,
fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones; insertion, bases of
first phalanges of corresponding toes; innervation,
■external plantar; adduct the toes, platysma myoides,
origin, clavicle, acromion, and fascia; insertion,
inferior maxillary bone, angle of mouth; innerva-
tion, facial and superficial cervical ; it wrinkles the
skin and depresses the mouth, popliteus, origin,
external condyle of femur; insertion, shaft of tibia
above oblique line: innervation, internal popliteal;
it flexes the leg. procerus. See pyramidalis nasi
in this table, prodigus, the supinator longus.
pronator quadratus, origin, lower fourth of ulna;
insertion, lower fourth of shaft of radius; innervation,
anterior interosseous; it pronates the hand, pro-
nator radii teres, origin, internal condyle of humerus
and coronoid process of ulna; insertion, outer side
of shaft of radius; innervation, median; it pronates
the hand, psoas magnus or major, origin, bodies
and transverse processes of last dorsal and all lumbar
vertebrae; insertion, lesser trochanter; innervation,
lumbar; it flexes and rotates the thigh outward, and
flexes the trunk on the pelvis, psoas parvus or
minor, origin, bodies of last dorsal and first lumbar
vertebras; insertion, iliopectineal eminence and iliac
fascia; innervation, lumbar; it flexes the pelvis upon
the abdomen, pterygoid (external), origin, two
heads: 1, external pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone;
2, great wing of sphenoid bone; insertion, neck of
condyle of lower jaw; innervation, inferior maxillary;
it draws the inferior maxillary bone forward, ptery-

goid (internal), origin, pterygoid fossa of sphenoid
bone; insertion, inner surface of angle of jaw; inner-
vation, inferior maxillary; it raises and draws the
inferior maxilla forward, pterygopalatal, pterygo-
palatine, the portion of the levator palati passing
from the hamular process of the sphenoid bone to
the palate bone, pubovesical, a bundle of muscular
fibers taking origin in the back of the pubes and
extending with the anterior true ligament of the
bladder to lose itself in the superficial muscular layer
of the bladder, pyloric. See sphincter pyloricus in
this table, pyramidalis, origin, pubes; insertion,
linea alba; innervation, iliohypogastric; it renders the
linea alba tense, pyramidalis nasi, origin, occipito-
frontalis; insertion, compressor naris; innervation,
infraorbital branch of facial; it depresses the inner
angle of the eyebrow, pyriformis, origin, front of
sacrum, through great sciatic foramen; insertion,
great trochanter; innervation, branch of sacral plexus;
function, external rotator of thigh, quadratus
femoris, origin, tuberosity of the ischium; insertion,
quadrate line of femur; innervation, fifth lumbar and
first sacral; function, external rotator of thigh.
quadratus labii inferioris. See depressor labii in-
ferioris in this table, quadratus labii superioris.
The levator labii superioris, levator labii alaeque nasi,
and zygomaticus minor combined, quadratus lum-
borum, origin, crest of ilium, transverse processes of
lower three lumbar vertebrae; insertion, last rib,
transverse processes of upper three lumbar vertebrae;
innervation, twelfth thoracic and upper lumbar; it
flexes the thorax laterally, quadratus plantae. See
flexor accessorius digitorum in this table, quadriceps
extensor femoris, includes the rectus, vastus internus
and externus, and crureus muscles; their common
tendon surrounds the patella, rectus abdominis,
origin, pubic crest and fibrous tissues in front of
symphysis; insertion, cartilages of the ribs, from the
fifth to the seventh; innervation, intercostal, ilio-
hypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the viscera
and flexes the thorax, rectus capitis anticus (or
anterior) major, origin, transverse processes third
to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, basilar process
of occipital bone; innervation, first and second cervi-
cal; it flexes the head and slightly rotates it. rectus
capitis anticus (or anterior) minor, origin, transverse
process and lateral mass of atlas; insertion, basilar
process of occipital bone; innervation, first cervical;
it flexes the head, rectus capitis lateralis, origin,
ventral cephalic surface of lateral mass of atlas:
insertion, jugular process of occipital bone; inner-
vation, first cervical ; it flexes the head laterally.
rectus capitis posticus (or posterior) major, origin,
spine of axis; insertion, inferior curved line of oc-
cipital bone; innervation, suboccipital and great
occipital; it rotates the head, rectus capitis posticus
(or posterior) minor, origin, dorsal arch of atlas;
insertion, below inferior curved line of occipital
bone; innervation, suboccipital and great occipital;
it draws the head backward, rectus externus, origin,
two heads, outer margin of optic foramen: insertion,
sclera; innervation, sixth cranial; it rotates the eyeball
outward, rectus femoris, origin, anterior inferior
iliac spine, brim of acetabulum; insertion, proximal
border of patella; innervation, anterior crural: it ex-
tends the leg. rectus inferior, origin, lower margin
of optic foramen; insertion, sclera; innervation, third
cranial; it rotates the eyeball downward, rectus
internus, origin, inner margin of optic foramen;
insertion, sclera; innervation, third cranial; it rotates
the eyeball inward, rectus lateralis. See rectus
externus in this table, rectus medialis. See rectus
internus in this table, rectus superior, origin, upper
margin of optic foramen; insertion, sclera; innervation,
third cranial; it rotates the eyeball upward, retra-
hens aurem, origin, mastoid process; insertion,
concha; innervation, posterior auricular; it retracts
the pinna, rhomboatloideus, an anomalous muscle
arising from the spinous processes of the lower
cervical or upper dorsal vertebrae; it is inserted into
the transverse process of the atlas, rhomboideus
major, origin, spines of first five thoracic vertebrae;
insertion, root of spine of scapula; innervation, fifth
cervical; it elevates and retracts the scapula, rhom-
boideus minor, origin, spines of seventh cervical and
first dorsal vertebrae; insertion, root of spine of
scapula; innervation, fifth cervical; it retracts and
elevates the scapula, risorius, origin, fascia over
masseter; insertion, angle of mouth; innervation,
buccal branch of facial; it draws the angle laterally.

MUSCLE

584

MUSCLE

rotatores spina?, origin, transverse processes of from
second to twelfth thoracic vertebra; insertion,
lamina of next vertebra above; innervation, dorsal
branches of spinal; they rotate the spinal column,
sacrolumbalis, origin, erector spina?; insertion, angle
of six lower ribs; innervation, branches of dorsal;
it erects the spine and bends the trunk backward.
sacrospinalis, the erector spina?, salpingopharyn-
geus, a small muscle arising from the Eustachian tube
and descending to blend with the constrictors of the
pharynx. Santorini's. i. The risorius. 2. The in-
voluntary muscular fibers encircling the urethra
beneath the constrictor urethra?. Syn., Santorini's
circular muscle, sartorius, origin, anterior superior
spine of ilium; insertion, upper internal portion of
shaft of tibia; innervation, anterior crural; it flexes
the leg upon the thigh and the thigh upon the pelvis;
it rotates the thigh outward, scalenus anticus, or
anterior, origin, scalene tubercle on first rib; insertion,
transverse processes third to sixth cervical vertebra?;
innervation, lower cervical; it flexes the neck laterally.
scalenus lateralis, an anomalous muscle originating
in the dorsal tubercles of the transverse processes of
the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebra?, and
having its point of insertion with the scalenus medius.
scalenus medius, origin, first rib; insertion, trans-
verse processes of six lower cervical vertebra?;
innervation, lower cervical; it flexes the neck laterally.
scalenus posticus, or posterior, origin, second rib;
insertion, transverse processes of three lower cervical
vertebra*; innervation, lower cervical; it bends the
neck laterally, semimembranosus, origin, tuber-
osity of ischium; insertion, inner tuberosity of tibia;
innervation, great sciatic; it flexes the leg and rotates
it inward, semispinalis capitis. See complexus in
this table, semispinalis colli, or cervicis, origin,
transverse processes of four upper dorsal and articular
processes of four lower cervical vertebra?; insertion,
spines of second to fifth cervical vertebra?; inner-
vation, cervical branches; it erects the spinal column.
semispinalis dorsi, origin, transverse processes of
sixth to tenth dorsal vertebra?; insertion, spines of
last two cervical and first four thoracic vertebra?;
innervation, branches of dorsal; it erects the spinal
column, semitendinosus, origin, tuberosity of
ischium; insertion, upper and inner surfaces of
tibia; innervation, great sciatic; it flexes the leg
on the thigh, serratus magnus or anterior, origin,
eight upper ribs; insertion, inner margin of dorsal
border of scapula; innervation, . posterior thoracic;
it elevates the ribs in inspiration, serratus posticus
(or posterior) inferior, origin, spines of last two thor-
acic and first three lumbar vertebra?; insertion, four
lower ribs; innervation, tenth and eleventh intercostal;
it depresses the ribs in expiration, serratus posticus
(or posterior) superior, origin, spines of seventh
cervical and first two thoracic vertebra?; insertion,
second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs; innervation,
second and third intercostal; it raises the ribs in
inspiration, soleus, origin, shaft of fibula, oblique
line of tibia; insertion, os calcis by tendo Achillis;
innervation, internal popliteal and posterior tibial;
it extends the foot, sphincter ani (external), origin,
tip of coccyx; insertion, tendinous center of perineum;
innervation, perineal, pudic, and fourth sacral; it
closes the anus, sphincter ani (internal), a thicken-
ing of the circular fibers of the intestine an inch above
the anus; innervation, hemorrhoidal nerves; it con-
stricts the rectum, sphincter antri pylorici, a band
of circular fibers distant from the pyloric orifice of
the stomach about 10 cm.; also called the transverse
band, sphincter pupilla?, involuntary fibers of the
iris arranged circularly around the pupil and having
a width of about 0.08 cm. sphincter pyloricus, the
aggregation of the fibers of the circular coat at the
pyloric orifice of the stomach, sphincter urethras
membranacea?, the anterior fibers of the compressor
urethra, q. v. sphincter vagina?, origin, central ten-
don of perineum; insertion, corpora cavernosa and
clitoris; the homologue of the accelerator urina? in
the man. sphincter vesica?, the aggregation of the
fibers of the circular layer of the muscular coat,
about the neck of the bladder and the beginning
of the urethra, sphincter vesica? internus, origin,
near the urethral orifice of the bladder; innervation,
vesical nerves; it constricts the internal orifice of the
urethra, spinalis. Same as spinalis dorsi in this
table, spinalis cervicis {normal, but inconstant),
origin, spines of fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical and
first two thoracic vertebra?; insertion, spine of

axis, sometimes spines of third and fourth cervical
vertebra?, spinalis colli, origin, spines of fifth and
sixth cervical vertebra?; insertion, spine of axis, or
third and fourth cervical spines; innervation, cervi-
cal branches; it steadies the neck, spinalis dorsi,
origin, last two thoracic and first two lumbar spines;
insertion, remaining thoracic spines; innervation,
dorsal branches ; it erects the spinal column, splenius
accessorius. See rhomboatloideus in this table.
splenius capitis, origin, lower two-thirds of liga-
mentum nucha?, spines of seventh cervical and first
two thoracic vertebra?; insertion, outer third of middle
oblique line of occiput and outer surface of mastoid
process; innervation, middle cervical, posterior branch-
es; it extends the head and neck and rotates and
flexes laterally, splenius colli or cervicis, origin,
spines of third to sixth thoracic vertebra?; insertion,
dorsal tubercles of transverse processes of upper
three or four cervical vertebra?; innervation, posterior
divisions of lower. cervical; it extends, flexes laterally,
and rotates the neck, square. See quadratus
lumborum in this table, stapedius, origin, interior
of pyramid; insertion, . neck of stapes; innervation,
facial; it depresses the base of the stapes, sterno-
cleidomastoid. See sternomastoid in this table.
sternomastoid, origin, two heads, sternum and
clavicle; insertion, mastoid process and outer half of
superior oblique line of occiput; innervation, spinal
accessory and cervical plexus; it depresses and rotates
the head, sternocostal, sternocostalis. See tri-
angularis sterni in this table, sternohumeral. See
pectoralis major in this table, sternohyoid, origin,
sternum and clavicle; insertion, hyoid bone; innerva-
tion,- descending and communicating branches of the
hypoglossal; it depresses the hyoid bone, sterno-
mastoid. See sternomastoid in this table, sterno-
thyroid, origin, sternum and cartilage of first rib;
insertion, side of thyroid cartilage; innervation,
descend ens and communicans hypoglossi; it depresses
the larynx, styloglossus, origin, styloid process;
insertion, side of tongue; innervation, hypoglossal;
it elevates and retracts the tongue, stylohyoid,
origin, styloid process; insertion, body of hyoid;
innervation, facial ; it- draws the hyoid upward and
backward, stylopharyngeus, origin, styloid process;
insertion, thyroid cartilage; innervation, glosso-
pharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; it elevates the
pharynx, subanconeus, origin, humerus above
olecranon fossa; insertion, posterior ligament of elbow;
innervation, musculospiral; function, tensor of liga-
ment, subclavius, origin, cartilage of first rib; inser-
tion, inferior surface of clavicle; innervation, fifth
and sixth cervical; it draws the clavicle downward.
subcostals. See infracostals in this table, sub-
crureus, origin, anterior distal part of femur; insertion,
synovial sac behind patella; innervation, anterior
crural; it draws up the synovial sac. subscapularis,
origin, under surface of scapula; insertion, humerus,
lesser tuberosity and shaft; innervation, subscapular;
it is the chief internal rotator of the humerus, supi-
nator. See supinator radii brevis in this table.
supinator longus, origin, external condyloid ridge of
humerus; insertion, styloid process of radius; inner-
vation, musculospiral; it flexes and supinates the
forearm, supinator radii brevis, origin, external
condyle of humerus, oblique line of ulna; insertion,
neck of radius and its bicipital tuberosity ; innervation,
posterior interosseous; it supinates the hand, supra-
spinales, lie on spinous processes in cervical region.
supraspinatus, origin, supraspinous fossa; insertion,
great tuberosity of humerus; innervation, supra-
scapular; supports the shoulder-joint and raises the
arm. tailors'. See sartorius in this table, tem-
poral, origin, temporal fossa and fascia; insertion,
coronoid process of mandible; innervation, inferior
maxillary; it elevates the mandible, tensor fascia?
lata?. See tensor vagina femoris in this table, tensor
palati, origin, scaphoid fossa and alar spine of
sphenoid; insertion, soft palate; winds about hamular
process; innervation, otic ganglion; it renders the
palate tense, tensor tarsi, origin, crest of lacrimal
bone; insertion, tarsal cartilages; innervation, infra-
orbital branch of facial; it compresses the puncta
and lacrimal sac. tensor tympani, origin, temporal
bone, Eustachian tube and canal, sphenoid bone;
insertion, handle of malleus; innervation, otic ganglion;
it renders tense the membrana tympani. tensor
vagina? femoris, origin, iliac crest and anterior
superior spinous process; insertion, fascia lata; in-
nervation, superior gluteal; function, tensor of fascia

MUSCLE

585

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS

lata, tensor veli palatini. See tensor palati in this
table, teres major, origin, inferior angle of scapula;
insertion, internal bicipital ridge of humerus; inner-
vation, subscapular; it draws the arm downward and
backward, teres minor, origin, axillary border of
scapula;i nsertion, great tuberosity of humerus; in-
nervation, circumflex; it rotates the humerus out-
ward and adducts it. thenar, the abductor and
flexor muscles of the thumb, thyroadenoideus,
a fascicle of the inferior constrictor of the pharynx
having its point of insertion on the side of the thyroid
gland, thyropalatinus. See palatopharyngeus in
this table, thyroarytenoideus, origin, thyroid carti-
lage and cricothyroid membrane; insertion, arytenoid,
inferior and anterior surface; innervation, recurrent
laryngeal; it relaxes the vocal bands, thyroepi-
glottideus, origin, inner surface of thyroid cartilage;
insertion, epiglottis and arytenoepiglottidean fold;
innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it depresses the
epiglottis, thyrohyoid, origin, side of thyroid carti-
lage; insertion, body and greater cornu of hyoid bone;
innervation, hypoglossal; it elevates the larynx.
tibialis anticus, or anterior, origin, outer tuberosity
and upper part of shaft of tibia; insertion, internal
cuneiform and first metatarsal bone; innervation,
anterior tibial; it flexes the tarsus and elevates the
inner border of the foot, tibialis posticus, or pos-
terior, origin, shaft of fibula and tibia, interosseous
membrane; insertion, tuberosity of scaphoid, internal
cuneiform, and bases of second to fourth metatarsal;
innervation, posterior tibial; it extends the tarsus
and inverts the foot, trachelomastoid, origin,
transverse processes of third to sixth thoracic, and
articular processes of last three or four cervical
vertebrae; insertion, mastoid process; innervation,
branches of cervical; it steadies the head, tragicus,
origin, tragus; insertion, tragus; innervation, temporal
and posterior auricular, transversalis (or transver-
sus) abdominis, origin, Poupart's ligament, iliac
crest, six lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae; insertion, linea
alba, pubic crest, pectineal line; innervation, inter-
costal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses
the viscera and flexes the thorax, transversalis
cervicis, or colli, origin, transverse processes of
third to sixth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, trans-
verse processes of five lower cervical vertebrae;
innervation, cervical branches; it keeps the neck
erect, transversus abdominis. See transversalis
abdominis in this table, transversus auris, or
auriculae, origin, convexity of concha; insertion,
convexity over groove of helix; innervation, temporal
and posterior auricular; it retracts the helix, trans-
versus pedis, origin, head of fifth metatarsal and
plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints;
insertion, first phalanx of great toe; innervation,
external plantar; it adducts the great toe. trans-
versus perinei, origin, ramus of ischium; insertion,
central tendon; innervation, perineal; function, tensor
of central tendon, transversus perinei, deep. See
compressor urethra in this table, transversus thor-
acis. See triangularis sterni in this table, trapezius,
origin, superior curved line of occipital bone, spinous
processes of last cervical and all the dorsal vertebrae;
insertion, clavicle, spine of scapula, and acromion;
innervation, spinal accessory and cervical plexus;
it draws the head backward, triangularis. See
depressor anguli oris in this table, triangularis sterni,
origin, ensiform cartilage, costal cartilages of three
or four lower true ribs, and sternum; insertion,
border of inner surfaces of second, third, fourth, and
fifth costal cartilages; innervation, intercostal; func-
tion, expiration, triceps brachii {three heads), origin,
external and internal near musculospiral groove, shaft
of humerus; middle or long, lower margin of glenoid
cavity; insertion, olecranon process of ulna; inner-
vation, musculospiral; it extends the forearm, triceps
sural, triceps surae, the gastrocnemius and soleus
considered as one. triticeoglossus. See Bochdalek' s
muscle, trochlear, trochlearis. See obliquus superior
in this table, of the ureters, musculi ureterum, a
bundle of thin fibers from the urinary bladder running
between the openings of the ureters, urethrobulbar,
the accelerator urin3e. uvulae. See azygos uvula in
this table, varolii. See stapedius . in this table.
vastus externus or lateralis, origin, anterior border
of great trochanter and linea aspera of femur; inser-
tion, tuberosity of tibia; innervation, anterior crural;
it extends the leg. vastus internus or medialis,
origin, inner lip of linea aspera of femur; insertion,
tuberosity of tibia; innervation, anterior crural; it

extends the leg. Wilson's, a non-constant fasciculus
of the compressor urethrae which is attached to the
body of the pubis, near the symphysis. Zaglas'
perpendicular external, the vertical fibers of the
tongue, which, decussating with the transverse
fibers and the insertions of the geniohyoglossus,
curve outward in each half of the tongue, zygo-
maticus major et minor, origin, malar bone; insertion,
angle of mouth; innervation, infraorbital branch
of facial; draw the upper lip upward and outward.

rnusculamin {mus-ku-la'-min). A nitrogenous
base from muscular tissue.

muscular (mus'-ku-lar) [muscle], i. Pertaining
to or affecting muscles. 2. Having well-developed
muscles, m. anesthesia, a lack of the muscular
sense, m. reflex, a deep or tendon reflex, m.
rheumatism, rheumatism affecting the muscles.
m. sense, the sense of motion, weight, and position
upon which the adjustment of the body to its sur-
roundings depends, m. system, the muscles of the
body taken together, m. tissue, the tissue of which
muscles are composed; it is of two principal vari-
eties— the striped, striated, or voluntary, and the
unstriped, nonstriated, or involuntary muscular tissue.
The striped muscular tissue is composed of muscle-
fibers, the unstriped of elongated, spindle-shaped
cells. A muscle-fiber consists of sarcolemma, muscle-
nuclei, and muscle-substance. The sarcolemma is
an elastic, homogeneous, connective-tissue sheath
which lightly invests the muscle-fiber. The nuclei
are fusiform in shape, are situated immediately
beneath the sarcolemma, and run parallel with the
axis of the fiber. The muscle-fiber itself consists of
two substances — a dark, doubly refracting, or aniso-
tropic contractile substance, and a lighter, semifluid,
isotropic substance termed sarcoplasm. The con-
tractile substance consists of delicate spindles, the
apposition of the thicker portions of which produces
the dark transverse disc. The spindles terminate in
minute beads, the juxtaposition of which gives rise to
the intermediate disc or membrane of Krause. The
neutral sarcoplasm fills out the spaces left between
the spindles, and, as ordinarily the tapering ends of
the spindles are too delicate to be seen, the space
between the intermediate and transverse discs — the
lateral disc — looks homogeneous. The contractile
fibrils into which the contractile substance is divided,
formed by the end-to-end union of the spindles, are
aggregated into bundles — the muscle-columns — sur-
rounded by a layer of sarcolemma. On transverse
section these muscle-columns give rise to the appear-
ance known as Cohnheim's fields. The muscle-
fibers are held together by delicate areolar tissue —
the endomysium. Several grouped together form a
primary bundle, which is surrounded by a sheath
termed the perimysium. Fasciculi are aggregations
of primary bundles, and are the units of which the
complete muscle is composed, the latter being sur-
rounded by the epimysium. m.-tone. See muscle-
tonus, m. tumor. See myoma.

muscularis mucosae (mus-ku-la'-ris mu-ko'-se).
The layer of unstriped muscular tissue separating the
mucosa (of mucous membranes) from the submu-
cosa.

muscularity (mus-ku-lar'-it-e) [musculus, a muscle].
1. The quality of being muscular. 2. The contractile
power or tone of a muscle.

musculation (mus-ku-la' -shun) [muscle]. The mus-
cular endowment of the body or a part; also, the
action of the muscles.

musculature (mus'-kil-la-tur) [muscle], Th? mus-
cular system of the body, or a part of it.

musculi (mus'-ku-li) [L.]. Plural of musculus, a
muscle, m. papillares, certain muscular pillars
within the cardiac ventricles, m. pectinati [pecten,
a comb], small, muscular columns traversing the
inner surface of the appendix auriculae and the
adjoining portion of the wall of the auricle.

musculin (mus' -ku-lin) [muscle]. 1. Extract of
muscle tissue. See organotherapy. 2. See paramyo-
sinogen.

musculo- (mus-ku-lo-) [muscle]. A prefix signi-
fying relating to the muscles.

musculoaponeurotic (mus-ku-lo-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) .
Composed of muscle and of fibrous connective tissue
in the form of a membrane.

musculocutaneous {mus-ku-lo-ku-ta'-ne-us) [muscu-
lo-; cutaneous]. Pertaining to or supplying the
muscles and skin, as the musculocutaneous nerve of
the arm or leg.

MUSCULODERMIC

586

MYCETISM

musculodermic {mus-ku-lo-derm'-ik). See musculo-
cutaneous.

musculoelastic {mus-ku-lo-e-las'-tik). Muscular
and elastic; made up of muscular and elastic tissue.

musculointestinal {mus-ku-lo-in-tes' -iin-al) . Re-
lating to the muscles and the intestine.

musculomembranous {mus-ku-lo-mem' -bran-us)
[musculo-; membranous]. Pertaining to or consisting
of both muscles and membrane.

musculophrenic {mus-ku-lo-fren'-ik) [musculo-;
<j>p-hv, diaphragm]. Pertaining to or supplying the
muscles and the diaphragm, as the musculophrenic
nerve.

musculospinal {mus-ku-lo-spi' -nal) . Relating to
or distributed to the muscles and spine.

musculospiral (mus-ku-lo-spi' -ral). i. Supplying
muscles and having a spiral course. 2. Pertaining to
the musculospiral nerve, m. groove, a depression
of the posterior surface of the humerus, running down-
ward and outward, and transmitting the musculo-
spiral nerve and superior profunda artery.

musculotegumentary {mus-ku-lo-teg-u-men' -ta-re) .
Affecting both muscles and integument.

musculotonic {mus-ku-lo-ton' -ik) [musculo-; tovos,
tone]. Relating to the tone or contractility of a
muscle.

musculous {mus' -ku-lus) . Composed of or con-
taining muscular fibers.

musculus {mus' -ku-lus). See muscle.

muscus (mus'-kus) [L.]. Moss; lichen.

mush. A thick porridge, or boiled pudding,
usually of maize meal, used as an article of diet, and
also as a poultice.

mushroom {mush' -room). 1. See agaric and fungus.
2. To flatten-out or "upset" upon striking; said of an
expansive bullet.

musicians' cramp. See cramp, professional.

musicomania {mu-zik-o-ma' -ne-ah). Monomania
for, or insane devotion to, music.

musicotherapy {mii-zik-o-ther'-ap-e). The use of
music in the treatment of disease, chiefly mental and
nervous diseases, and in convalescence.

musin (mu'-sin). A proprietary cathartic said to
be made from tamarinds.

musk. The dried secretions from the preputial
follicles of Moschus moschiferus, a mammal of the
order of Ruminantia. Musk (moschus, U. S. P.)
occurs in grains or lumps, possessing a peculiar,
penetrating odor. Its composition is complex, and
among its constituents are ammonia, stearin, olein,
cholesterin, a volatile oil, gelatin, albumin, and
certain salts. It is stimulant and antispasmodic,
and is used in typhoid fever and other low fevers,
in adynamic pneumonia, in laryngismus stridulus,
and in hiccup. Dose 10 gr. <o.6s Gm.). m., arti-
ficial, trinitrobutyltoluene, CeH . CH3 . C4H9 . (NOV) 3.
Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). m., vegetable, the seeds of
Hibiscus abelmoschus; it is stimulant, stomachic,
and antispasmodic.

musomania {mu-zo-ma' -ne-ah) . See musicomania.

mussanine (mus'-an-en). An alkaloid resembling
saponin, from the bark of Albizzia anthelmintica, a
species of acacia. Syn., moussenin.

Musset's sign (moos-sa') [Alfred de Mussel, French
poet, 1810-1857, who presented the phenomenon].
Rhythmic movements of the head synchronous with
the radial pulse, observed in persons with an aortic
affection; it is considered a pathognomonic sign of an
affection of the circulatory system.

(de) Mussey's point, (de) M.'s symptom {moos' -se).
A point intensely painful on pressure at the intersec-
tion of a line continuous with the left border of the
sternum and of another forming a prolongation of
the tenth rib. It is noted in diaphragmatic pleurisy.
Syn.-, Bouton diaphragmatique.

mussitation {mus-it-a' -shun) [mussitare, to mutter].
Movement of the lips without the production of
articulate speech.

must [mustum, new wine]. The juice freshly
expressed from grapes.

mustard (mus'-tard) [ME., mustarde]. 1. A plant
of the genus Brassica {Sinapis), of the natural order
Cruciferce. 2. The seed of the mustard-plant. The
seeds of two species are chiefly employed, those of
Brassica nigra, yielding black mustard, or sinapis nigra
(U. S. P.), and those of Brassica alba, yielding white
mustard, or sinapis alba (U. S. P.). The seeds con-
tain a fixed oil consisting of the glycerol-compounds
of stearic, oleic, and erucic or brassic acid, and of
sinapoleic and behenic acids, sinalbin (in white

mustard), and a volatile oil (in black mustard).
Mustard is used in dyspepsia, as an emetic (dose 1-2
dr. — 4-8 Cc), as a rubefacient and counter-irritant,
especially in the form of mustard-plaster, and in
baths, m., flour of, black and white mustard seeds
mixed and pulverized, m., oil of, volatile {oleum
sinapis volatile, U. S. P.), contains allyl isosulphocy-
anide, the active principle, which does not exist pre-
formed in the seeds, but is produced by the decom-
position of potassium myronate, or sinigrin, under the
influence of a ferment, myrosin. Dose i min. (0.008
Cc). m.-paper {charta sinapis, U. S. P.), is used
locally, m.-plaster, is made by mixing mustard
and flour with water, m.-poultice {cataplasma
sinapis, B. P.), is made by mixing mustard, linseed-
meal, and water.

mutacism {mu'-tas-izm) [nvTa.KiaiJ.6s, fondness for
the letter ti]. The too frequent use of the "m"
sound, and its substitution for other sounds.

mutase {mu'-tas). A food-preparation rich in
proteins, made from leguminous plants. It is used
in gastrointestinal diseases. Dose 1 dessertspoonful
(10 Cc.) several times daily with food.

mutation (mu-ta'-shun) [mutare, to change]. 1.
Change. 2. In obstetrics, a pronounced change in
the presentation of the fetus. 3. A sudden variation
which oversteps the limits of species and produces
new species or sports.

mute {milt) [mutus, dumb]. Dumb; unable to use
articulate speech.

mutilation {mu-til-a' -shun) [mutilare, to cut]. 1.
The act of maiming or disfiguring. 2. The state
thereby produced. 3- The condition of the parts
remaining after the excision or amputation of a
member or part.

mutism (mu'-tizm) [mutus, dumb]. Dumbness.
See mutitas. m., hysterical, obstinate and voluntary
silence although the vocal organs are uninjured and
there is no visible lesion of the cerebral speech-
centers.

mutitas {mu'-tit-as) [mutus, mute]. Dumbness.
m. atonica, dumbness arising from disorder of the
nerves of the tongue, m. organica, that from loss
of the tongue, m. pathematica, dumbness caused by
fright or passion, m. spasmodica, spasmodic dumb-
ness, m. surdorum, dumbness consequent upon
congenital deafness.

mutualism {mu' -tu-al-izm) [mutuus, reciprocal].
The living together of two organisms of different
species, for the advantage that each derives from the
other. Syn., symbiosis.

mutualist {mu'-tu-al-ist) [mutuus, reciprocal].
An organism living with another in a state of mutu-
alism.

muzzle {muz' -I). The projecting jaws and nose
of an animal ; a snout.

muzzling {muz' -ling). Same as infibulation.

my. Abbreviation for myopia.

myalgia {mi-aV -je-ah) [purs, muscle; a\yos, pain].
Pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism.

myalgic {mi-al'-jik) [p.vs, muscle; 0X705, pain].
Pertaining to or affected with myalgia.

myameba {mi-am-e' -bah) [fj.vs, muscle; amoeba,
a unicellular organism]. A muscle-cell regarded as
an organism. Cf. neurameba, osteameba.

myasis {mi-a'-sis). See myiasis.

myasthenia {mi-as-the' -ne-ah) [tivs, muscle; asthenia].
Muscular debility, m. gravis pseudoparalytica, a
disease characterized by an abnormal exhaustibility
of the voluntary muscles, manifesting itself in a rapid
diminution of contractility both when the muscle is
innervated by the will and when stimulated by the
electric current.

myasthenic {mi-as-then' -ik). Characterized by
myasthenia.

myatonia {mi-ah-to' -ne-ah) [jtDs, muscle; d, priv.;
rovos, tone]. Absence of muscular tone.

mycele {mi-sel'). Same as mycelium.

mycelial {mi-se' -le-al) [(ivkijs, fungus; 17X05, nail,
wart]. Pertaining to mycelium.

mycelioid {mi-se' -le-oid) [mycelium; elSos, like].
Like molds; said of colonies of bacteria having the
appearance of mold colonies.

mycelium {mi-se' -le-um) fes, fungus; 17X0$, nail;
wart; excrescence]. The vegetative filaments of
fungi, usually forming interwoven masses.

mycetes {mi-se'-tez) [hvktis, fungus]. The fungi.

mycethemia {mi-se-the' -me-ah) . See mycohemia.

mycetism {mi'-set-izm) [jivKtjs, fungus]. Mush-
room-poisoning.

MYCETOGENESIS

587

MYELENCEPHALIC

mycetogenesis (mi-set-o-jen'-es-is) hvktis, fungus;
ykveais, genesis]. Development of fungi.

mycetogenetic (mi-set-o-jen-et'-ik) [mycetogenesis].
Produced or caused by the growth of fungi.

mycetogenous (mi-set-oj'-en-us). Same as myceto-
genetic.

mycetoid (mi'-set-oid) [hvktjs, fungus; etios, like].
Resembling a fungus.

mycetology (mi-set-ol'-o-je) [fivKrjs, a fungus;
X670S, science]. Same as mycology.

mycetoma (mi-set-o'-mah) . See Madura-foot.
Mycetozoa (mi-set-o-zo'-ah) \jivkt]s, fungus; $$ov,
animal]. A group of fungus-like saprophytic
organisms, the slime-fungi or slime-molds.

mycetozoic (mi-set-o-zo'-ik) [nw-qs, fungus; f4>op,
animal]. Of the nature of a slime-fungus or myce-
tozoon.

Mycetozoon (mi-set-o-zo'-on) \jivkt)s, fungus; Zqov,
animal). Any organism belonging to the class
Mycetozoa.

mychmus, mychthismus (mik'-mus, mik-thiz' -mus)
\jivfav, to moan]. Sighing.

myco- (mi-ko-) [hvktis, fungus]. A prefix meaning
r. fungus or fungoid; or 2. mucus.

mycoangioneurosis (mi-ko-an-je-o-nu-ro' -sis) [/xfcos,
mucus; ayyeloi', vessel; neurosis], A neurosis accom-
panied by a hypersecretion of mucus producing the
affection mucous colitis.

Mycobacterium "(mi-ko-bak-te'-re-um) [myco- ; bac-
terium], A genus of bacteria of the family Myco-
bacteriacece ; the cells are commonly short, cylindrical,
sometimes bent and irregularly swollen, clavate or
cuneate; Y-shaped forms may appear or longer
filaments with true branching, or short coccoid ele-
ments which may be regarded as gonidia.
mycocyte (mi'-ko-sit). See mucocyte.
mycoderm (mi'-ko-derm) [myco-; 8epp.a, skin].
The mucous membrane.

Mycoderma (mi-ko-der'-mah) [myco-; Sepua, skin].
A genus of fungi forming membranes upon or in
fermenting liquids. M. aceti, the microorganism of
acetous fermentation.

mycodermatitis (mi-ko-der-mat-i'-tis) . Inflamma-
tion of a mucous membrane; catarrh.

mycogastritis (mi-ko-gas-tri'-tis) [p.vkos, mucus;
yao-rrip, stomach; ins, inflammation]. Catarrhal
gastritis.

mycography (mi-kog'-ra-fe). Synonym of mycology.
rnycohemia, mycohaemia (mi-ko-hem'-e-ah) [myco-;
alua, blood]. A condition in which fungi are in the
blood.

mycoid (mi'-koid) [myco-; elSos, form]. Re-
sembling, or appearing like, a fungus; fungoid.

mycology (mi-kol'-o-je) [myco-; X670S, science].
The science of fungi.

mycomycetes (mi-ko-mi-se'-tez) [/j.vkt)s, fungus].
Fungi reproducing by oospores or zygospores.

mycomyringitis (mi-ko-mi-rin-ji'-tis) [myco-; my-
ringitis]. Fungous inflammation of the ear-drum.

Myconostoc (mi-kon-os'-tok) [myco-; Nostoc]. A
genus of schizomycetes.

mycophthalmia (mi-koff-thal'-me-ah) [myco-; oph-
thalmia]. Ophthalmia due to a fungus.

mycopbylaxin {mi-ko-fil-aks' -in) [mwojs, a fungus;
<£i>Xo£, a protector]. Any phylaxin that destroys
microorganisms. See phylaxin.

mycoprotein (mi-ko-pro'-te-in) [myco-; protein,
from irpaiTos, first]. The albuminoid substance ob-
tained from the bodies of bacteria.
mycopus. See mucopus.

mycose (mi'-kos) [jxvkVs, fungus], O2H22O11 +2H2O.
Trehalose, a substance that occurs in several species
of fungi, in ergot of rye, and in the oriental Trehala.
It is distinguished from cane-sugar by its readv solu-
bility in alcohol, greater stability, and stronger
rotatory power. It does not reduce copper-solutions.
mycosis (mi-ko'-sis) [jjlvk^s, fungus]. 1. A growth
of fungi within the body. 2. A disease caused by
the presence of microorganisms in the body. m.
cutis chronica. Seefurunculus orientalis. m. favosa,
favus, q. v. m., fungoides, an affection of the skin
characterized by the appearance, chiefly on the
scalp, face, and chest, of pinkish or reddish, nodular
or flattened tumors, which may go on to ulceration.
Itching is often present. The disease is believed
to be microorganismal in origin, m. intestinalis.
Synonym of anthrax, m. mucosina, a form in which
the fungus invades the body through the intestines
and leads to abscesses in the lungs, brain, and other
organs.

mycosozin (mi-ko-so'-zin) [/jlvk^, a fungus; <r6>£eu>,
to save]. Any sozin that acts by the destruction of
microbes.

mycothrix (mi'-ko-lhriks) [hvktis, fungus; 0oi£,
hair]. The thread-like element in the structure of a.
micrococcus.

mycotic (mi-kot'-ik) [mycosis]. Characterized by
mycosis; due to microorganisms, m. endocarditis,
that due to microorganismal infection. Syn., ulcera-
tive or malignant endocarditis.

mycoticopeptic (mi-kot-ik-o-pep'-tik). Mycotic and
peptic.

mycteric (mik-ter'-ik) [p.vktt)p, the nose]. Relating
to the nasal cavities.

mycterophonia (mik-ter-o-fo'-ne-ah) [hvkttip, nose;
(purf, voice]. A nasal quality of the voice.

mycteroxerosis (mik-ter-o-ze-ro' -sis) [jivkt-op, the
nose; xerosis]. Dryness of the nostrils.

mydaleine (mid-a'-le-en) [pudaXeos, putrid]. A
ptomaine obtained from putrefying cadaveric organs.
It produces salivation, dilatation of the pupils, eleva-
tion of temperature, peristaltic action of the intestine,
first a rise, then a fall, of temperature, and diastolic
arrest of the heart.

mydatoxin (mid-at-oks'-in) [p.vhav, to be wet;
to&kov, poison], C6H13NO2. A ptomaine obtained
from horseflesh and human flesh. It produces
symptoms resembling those of curara-poisoning.

mydesis (mi-de'-sis) [p.vbav, to be damp]. 1. Putre-
faction. 2. A discharge of pus from the eyelids.

mydine fmi'-diri) [p.v5av, to be wet], CsHnNO.
A nonpoisonous ptomaine produced in the putre-
faction of human internal organs. The free base is
strongly alkaline, has an ammoniacal odor, and is
characterized by its strong reducing properties.

mydriasis (mid-ri'-as-is) [nvSpLaais, undue enlarge-
ment of the pupil of the eye]. Dilatation of the pupil
of the eye. m., alternating, m., leaping, m., spring-
ing, mydriasis which by normal light and con-
vergence-reaction attacks first one eye and then the
other. It is due to disorder of the central nervous
system, m., paralytic, that due to paralysis of the
oculomotor nerve, m., spasmodic, m., spastic,
that caused by overaction of the sympathetic or
dilator nerve of the iris, m., spinal, that produced
by irritation of the ciliospinal center of the spinal
cord.

mydriatic (mid-re-at'-ik) [see mydriasis]. 1. Caus-
ing mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil. 2. An agent
causing mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil.

mydrin (mi'-drin). A combination of ephedrine
and homatropine. It is used in 10 % solution when
evanescent mydriasis is required.

mydrol (mi'-drol). Iodomethylpyrazolin, a color-
less, bitter powder, soluble in water and alcohol.
It is used in 5 to 10 % solution as a mydriatic.

myectomy (mi-ek-to-me) [nvs, muscle; hcrofiri,
excision]. Excision of a portion of muscle.

myectopy (mi-ek'-to-pe) [pivs, muscle; Iktowos, dis-
placed]. The abnormal placement of a muscle.
myel (mi' -el) [jiveKos, marrow]. The spinal cord,
myelalgia (mi-el-al'-je-ah) [myel; 0X705, pain].
Pain in the spinal cord.

myelalgic {mi-el-al'-jik). Pertaining to or char-
acterized by myelalgia.

myelanalosis (mi-el-an-al-o'-sis) [nve\6s, marrow;
&i>a\uo-Ls, wasting]. Same as myelatrophy; tabes
dorsalis.

myelapoplexy (mi-el-ap'-o-pleks-e) [myel; apoplexy].
Hemorrhage into the spinal cord.

myelasthenia {mi-el-as-the' -ne-ah) [myel; asthenia].
Spinal exhaustion.

myelatelia (mi-el-at-e'-le-ah) [p.ve\6s, myelon; &,
priv.; reXos, completion]. Imperfect development of
spinal marrow or of bone-marrow.

myelatrophy (mi-el-at'-ro-fe) [myel; atrophy]. Wast-
ing of the spinal cord.

myelauxe (mi-el-awks'-e) [nve\6s, marrow; av^,
increase]. Morbid enlargement of the myel.

myelaxis (mi-el-aks'-is). The neural, or cerebro-
spinal, axis.

myelemia, myelaemia (mi-el-e'-me-ah). Synonym
of myelogenic leukemia.

myelen (mi' -el-en). 1. An extract made from both
red and white fresh marrow. 2. One of a group of
phosphorized substances found in the brain.

myelencephal (mi-el-en' -sef-al). Same as myelen-
cephalon.

myelencephalic (mi-el-en-sef-al'-ik). Relating to
the myelencephalon.

MYELENCEPHALON

588

MYELOPETAL

myelencephalon (mi-el-en-sef -al-on) [my el; enceph-
alon]. i. The cerebrospinal axis. 2. See meten-
cephalon.

myeleterosis (mi-el-et-er-o'-sis) [my el; erepco<ns,
.alteration]. Any morbid alteration of the spinal
cord.

myelic (mi-el'-ik) [myel]. Pertaining to the spinal
cord.

myelin (mi'-el-in) [five\6s, marrow]. 1. The white
substance of Schwann — the sheath of a medullated
nerve. 2. A substance obtained from nerve tissue.
See organotherapy.

myelination (mi-el-in-a'-shun). Same as myeliniza-
tion.

myelinic (mi-el-in'-ik) [myelin]. 1. Relating to
myelin, or to myelinic nerve-fibers. 2. Medullated.
m. nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers having the axis-cylinder
inclosed in a sheath of myelin.

myelinization (mi-el-in-iz-a'-shun). The medulla-
tion of nerve-fibers.

myelitic (mi-el-it'-ik). Pertaining to or affected
with myelitis.

myelitis (mi-el-i'-tis) [myel; ins, inflammation].
1. Inflammation of the spinal cord. If it affects the
gray matter, it is called poliomyelitis; if the white
matter, leukomyelitis ; if it extends entirely across
the cord, transverse myelitis. The symptoms of
myelitis vary with the character and the seat of the
lesion. The sensory disturbances consist of hyper-
esthesia or anesthesia, girdle-pains, and usually a
hyperesthetic zone at the level of the lesion. The
reflexes are generally lost in the beginning, but later
become exaggerated; sometimes they do not return.
Paralysis is present in the parts below the lesion;
the muscles are flaccid at first, > later rigid. The
sphincters are generally paralyzed: Bed-sores are
common in certain forms of myelitis. 2. Inflamma-
tion, of bone-marrow; osteomyelitis, m., acute,
that due to exposure to cold, injuries, or to acute
general diseases; it is attended with sensory disturb-
ances and motor paralysis, complete or incomplete,
according to the part of the cord involved and the
degree of the inflammation, m., apoplectiform, that
in which paralysis is developed with unusual rapidity.
m., ascending, a form in which the inflammation
travels up the cord, m., bulbar, that affecting the
medulla and manifesting itself in disturbances of the
cardiorespiratory apparatus, dysphagia, vomiting,
and other symptoms, m., cavitary, that associated
with the formation of cavities, m., central, that
limited chiefly to the gray matter of the cord, m.,
chronic, a slowly advancing form, presenting generally
the same features as acute myelitis, but extended
over a longer period, m., compression-, an in-
flammation of the spinal cord, secondary to com-
pressing lesions outside of the cord (caries, carcinoma,
exostosis of the vertebrae, aneurysm) or to tumors
of the cord itself, m., concussion, that due to a
spinal concussion, m., cornual, inflammation affect-
ing the anterior or posterior cornua. m., descending,
a form in which the inflammation extends down-
ward, following the pyramidal tracts, m., diffuse,
widely distributed inflammation of the cord involving
large areas, m., disseminated, one in which there
are several foci, m., focal, one in which a small
area is affected, m., hemorrhagic, myelitis associ-
ated with or dependent upon hemorrhage, m.,
parenchymatous, that mainly limited to the proper
nerve substance, m., pressure-. See m., com-
pression-, m., sclerotic, a form characterized by
overgrowth of the interstitial tissue, which undergoes
contraction, producing an increase of hardness of
the cord, m., systemic, a variety in which the
inflammation is confined to distinct systems or
tracts of the cord, m., transverse, that extending
across the cord, m., traumatic, myelitis following
direct injury.

myelo- (mi-el-o-) [myelon]. A prefix denoting
reference to or connection with the spinal cord or
with the bone-marrow.

myeloblasts (mi'-el-o-blasts). [myelo-; pXao-ros, a
germ]. Cells of bone-marrow from which myelo-
cytes are formed.

myelobrachium (mi-el-o-bra'-ke-um) [myelo-; 0pa-

xi'wj/, arm]. The inferior peduncle of the cerebellum.

myelocele, myeloccele (mi'-el-o-sel) [myelo-; Koikia,

a cavity]. 1. The central canal of the spinal cord.

2. [k7]\tj, tumor]. Spina bifida.

myelocene (mi'-el-o-sen). An ethereal extract of
bone marrow to which about 1 per cent, of acetone

has been added; used as an application in psoriasis,
etc.

myelocerebellar (mi-el-o-ser-e-bel'-ar) [myelo-; cere-
bellum]. Relating to the spinal cord and the cere-
bellum.

myelochysis (mi-el-ok'-is-is) [myelo-; xOo-is, a
pouring], Hydrorrhachis. Protrusion of the spinal
marrow.

myeloccelia (mi-el-o-se'-le-ah) . See myelocele.

myelocyst (mi'-el-o-sist) [myelo-; kihttis, a cyst].
A cyst springing from the medullary canal.

myelocystic (mi-el-o-sis'-tik) [see myelocyst]. 1.
Both myeloid and cystic. 2. Pertaining to a myelo-
cyst.

myelocystocele (mi-el-o-sis'-to-sel) [myelo-; cysto-
cele], A cystic tumor of the spinal cord.

myelocystomeningocele (mi-el-o-sis-to-men-in'-go-
sel). Spina bifida in which the tumor contains
myelic substance, membranes, and fluids.

myelocyte (mi'-el-o-sit) [myelo-; kvtos, a cell].
1. A large uninuclear leukocyte containing neutro-
phil granules, and supposed to be derived from the
bone-marrow. 2. A free nucleus of a central or
ganglionic nerve-cell. 3. Any one of the leukocytes
derived from bone-marrow, as distinguished from
lymphocytes found in the lymphatic glands.

myelocythemia, myelocythaemia (mi-el-o-si-the'-me-
ah) [myelocyte; alfia, blood]. An excess of myelo-
cytes in the blood; myelogenous leukemia.

myelodiastasis (mi-el-o-di-as'-tas-is) [myelo-; 5id-
roo-ts, separation]. Severance or disintegration of
the spinal cord.

myelodiastema (mi-el-o-di-as-te'-mah). Synonym
of myelodiastasis.

myeloencephalitis (mi-el-o-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [myelo- ;
eyKtyciXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of both spinal cord and brain, m., epidemic, acute
anterior poliomyelitis.

myelogangliitis (mi-el-o-gan-gle-i'-tis). A very
severe form of cholera believed to be due to gangliitis
of the solar plexus and of the hepatic plexus.

myelogenic, myelogenous {mi-el-o- j en' -ik, mi-el-
oj'-en-us) [myelo-; ytwav, to produce]. Produced
in or by bone-marrow, m. leukemia, leukemia due
to disease of the bone-marrow.

myeloid (mi'-el-oid) [myelo-; elSos, like]. 1. Re-
sembling marrow. 2. Pertaining to the spinal cord.
m. cell, a myeloplax. m. sarcoma, a form of sar-
coma distinguished by the presence of multinucleated
cells.

myeloidin (mi-el-oid'-in) [myelo-; elSos, like]. A
nitrogenous substance containing phosphorus, found
in brain-matter.

myelolymphangioma (mi-el-o-lim-fan-je-o'-mah) .
Same as elephantiasis.

myeloma (mi-el-o' -mah) [myelo-; 6fia, tumor].
1. An encephaloid tumor. 2. A giant-celled sar-
coma.

myelomalacia (mi-el-o-mal-a' -she-ah) _ [myelo-;
fiaXaKta, softening]. A softening of the spinal cord.

myelomalacosis, myelomalaxis (mi-el-o-mal-ak-o' -
sis, mi-el-o-mal-aks' -is) . Synonym of myelomalacia.

myelomatosis (mi-el-o-mat-o'-sis). Multiple my-
eloma.

myelomenia (mi-el-o-me'-ne-ah) [myelo-; tiijves,
menses]. A supposed metastasis of the menstrual
blood to the spinal cord.

myelomeningitis (mi-el-o-men-in-ji'-tis). Inflam-
mation of the membranes of the spinal cord; spinal
meningitis.

myelomeningocele (mi-el-o-men-in'-go-sel). Spina
bifida.

myelomeninx (mi-el-o-me'-ninks) [myelo-; nrjviyZ,
membrane]. A spinal membrane.

myelomyces (mi-el-om'-is-ez) [myelo- ; hvkt)s, fungus]
An encephaloid tumor.

myelon (mi'-el-on) [nve\6s, marrow]. The spinal
cord.

myelonal, myelonic (mi-el'-on-al, mi-el-on -ik).
Pertaining to the myelon.

myeloneuritis (mi-el-o-nii-ri'-tis). Multiple neuritis
combined with myelitis.

myeloparalysis (mi-el-o-par-aV -is-is) [myelo-; par-
alysis]. Spinal paralysis.

myelopathic (mi-el-o-path'-ik) [myelo-; it ados,
disease]. Relating to a myelopathy.

myelopathy (mi-el-op' -ath-e) [myelo-; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Any disease of the spinal cord.

myelopetal (mi-el-op' -et-al) [myelo-; petere, to seek].
Moving toward the myelon; said of nerve-fibers.

MYELOPHTHISIS

589

MYOCTONINE

myelophthisis (mi-el-off'-this-is). Synonym of
tabes dorsalis.

myelophyma (mi-el-o-fi'-mah) [myelo-; <j>vna, a
growth]. A tuberculous growth in the meninges of
the spinal cord.

myeloplaque (mi'-el-o-plak) [myelo-; ifka£, plate].
A giant-cell of the spinal marrow; an osteoclast; a
myeloplax.

myeloplast (mi'-el-o-plast) [myelo-; wXaaros, shaped]
The peculiar cells of the bone-marrow resembling
leukocytes.

myeloplax (mi'-el-o-plaks) [myelo-; tt\o£, a plaque].
One of the large multinucleated cells found upon
the inner surface of bone, and concerned in its
absorption.

myeloplaxoma (mi-el-o-plaks-o'-mah) [myelo-; irXd£,
plate; 6/j.a, tumor]. A tumor containing myelo-
plaxes.

myeloplegia (mi-el-o-ple'-je-ah) [myelo-; trXrjyr),
a stroke]. Paralysis of spinal origin.

myelopore (mi'-el-o-por) [myelo-; irbpos, pore].
An opening into the spinal column.

myelorrhagia (mi-el-or-a'-je-ah) [myelo-; priyvvvai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord.

myelorrhaphy (mi-el-or'-af-e) [myelo-; pa4>-q, a
seam]. The suturing of a severed spinal cord.

myelosarcoma (mi-el-o-sar-ko'-mah) . Same as osteo-
sarcoma.

myelosclerosis (mi-el-o-skle-ro'-sis) [myelo-; sclero-
sis]. Sclerosis of the spinal cord or of the marrow
of bones.

myelosis (mi-el-o'-sis) [myelon]. The growth or
existence of a myeloma.

myelospasm (mi'-el-o-spazm) [myelo-; awaapds,
spasm]. Spasm of the spinal cord.

myelospongium (mi-el-o-spun'-je-um) [myelo-;
awoyyos, sponge]. A network in the wall of the
neural canal of the embryo, composed of processes
given off by the outer extremities of the spongio-
blasts.

myelosyphilis (mi-el-o-sif'-il-is). Syphilis of the
spine.

myelosyphilis (mi-el-o-sif-il-o'-sis) [myelo-; syph-
ilis]. Syphilitic disease of the spinal cord.

myelosyringosis (mi-el-o-si-rin-go'-sis) . Synonym
of syringomyelia.

myelotherapy (mi-el-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera-
peutic use of bone-marrow extracts.

myelotome (mi'-el-o-tom) [myelo-; rkpveiv, to cut].
An apparatus for making sections of the spinal cord.

myelotoxic (mi-el-o-toks'-ik) [myelo-; to^lkov, a
poison]. Characteristic of or pertaining to a sub-
stance having toxic action on the cells of bone-
marrow.

myelotoxin (mi-el-o-toks'-in). A cy to toxin with
specific action upon bone-marrow cells.

myelyperemia (mi-el-ip-er-e'-me-ah). See hyper-
myelohemia.

myenergia (mi-en-er'-je-ah) luvs, muscle; Ivkpyeia,
energy]. Muscular energy.

myentasis (mi-en' -tas-is) [p.vs, muscle; Zvtchtls,
a stretching]. The extension or stretching of a
muscle.

myenteric (mi-en-ter'-ik) [jivs, muscle; ivrepov,
intestine]. Relating to the muscular coat of the
intestine.

myenteron (mi-en' -ter-on) [p.vs, muscle; enteron].
The muscular coat of the intestine.

Myers's sign (mi'-erz). Numbness and formica-
tion of both hands in scarlet-fever.

myiasis (mi-i'-as-is) [jxvla, a fly]. The presence
of larvae of flies or maggots in or on the body, as
in the nose or ear, in a wound, or upon mucous
membranes.

myiocephalon (mi-i-o-sef'-al-on) [p-v'ia, fly; Ke<pdhi),
head]. A minute prolapse of the iris through a
corneal perforation, so-called from its resemblance
to the head of a fly.

myiodeopsia, myiodesopsia (mi-i-o-de-op'-se-ah,
mi-i-o-dez-op' -se-ah) [pvLub-qs, fly-like; ofis, vision].
The subjective appearance of muscat volitantes.

myiosis (mi-i-o'-sis). See myiasis.

myistos, myistus (mi-is'-tos, mi-is'-tus) [pvs,
muscle; iVros, tissue]. Muscular tissue.

myitis (mi-i'-tis). See myositis.

Mylabris (mil-ab'-ris). A genus of old-world
blister-flies, some of which are used like cantharides.

mylacephalus (mi-las-ef -al-us) [pveKbs, massive;
d, priv.; Ke^aKrj, head]. The lowest variety of the
acephalous species of omphalositic monsters. There

is such imperfect development of the fetus that the
condition is but a degree above that of foetus amorphics
or foetus anideus.

mylacri (mil'-ak-ri) [jjlvXti, a mill]. The molar teeth.

mylacris (mil' -ak-ris) [pv\rt, a mill]. The patella.

myle (mi'-le) [jivKv, mill], i. Uterine mole.
2. Patella. 3- Maxilla.

mylic (mil'-ik) [jjlv\v, mill]. Pertaining to the
molar teeth; relating to a uterine mole.

Mylius' modification of Pettenkofer's test for
bile-acids. Add one drop "of furfurol solution and
i Cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid to each cubic
centimeter of the alcoholic solution of bile acids;
cool, if necessary, so that the test does not become too
warm. A red coloration is produced, which changes
to bluish-violet in the course of the day.

mylo- (mi'-lo-) [p.v\r], mill]. A prefix denoting
connection with the lower jaw or the molar teeth.

mylodus (mi-lo'-dus) [mylo-; bdovs, tooth: pi.,
mylodontes]. A molar tooth.

myloglossus (mi-lo-glos'-us) [mylo-; yXcoaaa,
tongue]. A portion of the superior constrictor of the
pharynx — that which arises from the mylo-hyoid ridge
of the lower jaw. Also, an anomalous slip joining
the styloglossus.

mylohyoid, mylohyoidean (mi-lo-hi'-oid, mi-lo-hi-
oid-e'-an). Pertaining to the region of the lower
molar teeth and the hyoid bone. m. muscle. See
under muscle.

myo- (mi-o-) [p.vs, a muscle]. A prefix signifying
pertaining to muscle.

myoalbumose (mi-o-al'-bu-mos). A proteid from
muscle-plasma.

myoatrophy (mi-o-af -ro-fe) [myo-; atrophy]. Atro-
phy of a muscle.

myoblast (mi'-o-blast) [myo-; (SXaarbs, germ].
A cell developing into a muscle-fiber.

myoblastic (mi-o-blas'-tik) [myo-; /3Xao-r6s, germ].
Relating to or of the nature of a myoblast.

myocardiograph (mi-o-kar'-de-o-graf) [myo-; KapUa,
heart; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. An apparatus for recording
the movement of the heart muscles.

myocarditis (mi-o-kar-di'-tis) [myocardium; ms,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the myocardium,
the muscular tissue of the heart.

myocardium (mi-o-kar' -de-um) [myo-; KapSia,
heart]. The muscular tissue of the heart.

myocele (mi'-o-sel) [myo-; ktjKt), hernia]. The
protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath.

myocelialgia, myocoelialgia (mi-o-se-le-al'-je-ah)
[myo-; KoiXia, cavity; a\yos, pain]. Pain in the
muscles of the abdomen.

myocelitis, myoccelitis (mi-o-se-li'-tis) [myo-; KoiKla,
cavity; ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ab-
dominal muscles.

myocellulitis, (mi-o-sel-u-li'-tis). Simultaneous my-
ositis and cellulitis.

myocelome, myocoelome (mi-o-se'-lom) [myo-;
KoiXia, cavity]. The cavity of a protovertebra or
myotome.

myocephalitis (mi-o-sef-al-i'-tis) [myo-; n&}>a\-n,
the head; ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
muscles of the head.

myochorditis (mi-o-kor-di'-tis) [myo-; xop$y, cord;
ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscles of
the vocal bands.

myochrome (mi'-o-krom) [myo-; xp«Ma, color].
A reddish pigment found in muscles, and believed to
be identical with hemoglobin.

myochronoscope (mi-o-kro'-no-skop) [myo-; upbvos,
time; (TKoirelv, to examine]. An instrument for
measuring the rapidity of muscular contraction or the
propagation of a nerve-stimulus through a muscle.

myoclonia (mi-o-klo'-ne-ah) [myo-; kK&vos, spasm].
Clonic spasm of the muscles.

myoclonus (mi-ok'-lo-nus) [myo-; k\6vos, clonus].
Clonic spasm of a muscle or of various muscles.
m. multiplex. See paramyoclonus multiplex.

myocolpitis (mi-o-kol-pi'-tis) [myo-; k6\ttos, vagina;
ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscular
coat of the vagina.

myocomma (mi-o-kom'-ah) [myo-; ic6np.a, segment].
Any one of the transverse segments into which
embryonic muscle tissue is divided.

myocrismus (mi-o-kriz'-mus) [myo-; Kpi^iv, to
• creak]. A creaking sound heard over muscles during
contraction.

myoctonine (mi-ok'-to-nen) [p.vs, mouse; KTelveiv,
to kill], i. An alkaloid of Aconitum lycoctonum, a
powerful poison resembling curare in action.

MYOCYST

590

MYOPATHIC

myocyst (mi'-o-sist) [myo-; cyst]. A cystic tumor
of a mulcle.

myocyte (mi'-o-stt) [myo-; /euros, cell]. A muscle-cell.

myocytoma (mi-o-si-to'-mah) [myo-; cytoma]. A
tumor in which the chief cells are muscle cells.

myodegeneration (mi-o-de-jen-er-a'-shun). Muscu-
lar degeneration.

myodemia (mi-o-de'-me-ah) [myo-; 8r)p.6s, fat].
Fatty degeneration of muscle tissue.

myodes (mi-o'-dez) [myo-; «Z6os, like], i. Re-
sembling muscle; muscular. 2. The platysma, or
fleshy expansion of the neck. See muscles, table of.

myodesopsia (jni-o-dez-ops'-e-ah). See myiode-
opsia.

myodiastasis (mi-o-di-as'-tas-is) [myo-; 8La, apart;
araats, a standing]. 1. The separation that takes
place between the ends of a cut muscle. 2. The
traumatic injury of a muscle by straining or stretch-
ing.

myodynamia (mi-o-di-nam'-e-ah) [myo-; biivafxis,
force]. Muscular power or strength.

myodynamic (mi-o-di-nam'-ik) [myo-; Swa/iu,
power]. Pertaining to the force of muscular con-
traction.

myodynamics {mi-o-di-nam'-iks) [myo-; 8vvo.p,is,
power]. The mechanics of muscular action.

myodynamometer (mi-o-di-nam-om'-et-er) . See
dynamometer.

myodynia (mi-o-din'-e-ah) [myo-; 68vi>r), pain].
Pain in the muscles.

myoedema, myooedema (mi-o-e-de'-mah). 1. See
myoidema. 2. Edema of the muscles.

myoelectric (mi-o-e-lek'-trik). Pertaining to the
electrical properties of muscle.

myoendocarditis (mi-o-en-do-kar-di'-tis) [myo- ;
&8os, within; KapSia, heart; ins, inflammation].
Simultaneous inflammation of the endocardium and
the myocardium.

myoepithelial (mi-o-ep-e-the'-le-al). 1. Relating to
or consisting of muscle and epithelium. 2. Per-
taining to myoepithelium.

myoepithelium {mi-o-ep-e-the'-le-um). Muscle-
epithelium; epithelium, the cells of which possess
contractile processes.

myofibroma (mi-o-fi-bro'-mah). A tumor con-
taining muscular and fibrous tissue.

myofibrosis (mi-o-fi-bro'-sis). An increase of con-
nective tissue between the muscle-fasciculi and also
between the individual fibrils; it is most likely to
occur in the ventricles of the heart.

myogaster (mi'-o-gas-ter) [myo-; yaarqp, belly].
The belly of a muscle.

myogen (mi'-o-jen). 1. See myosinogen. 2. A
dietetic prepared from blood-serum of cattle.

myogenesis (mi-o-jen'-es-is) [myo-; ykveais, genesis].
The development of muscular tissue.

myogenetic, myogenic (mi-o-jen-et'-ik, mi-o-jen'-
ik) [myogenesis]. Of muscular origin.

myogenous (mi-oj'-en-us) [myo-; yevvav, to pro-
duce]. Originating in muscle.

myoglobulin (mi-o-glob'-u-lin) [myo-; globulin].
A substance obtained from muscles, closely re-
.-sembling serum-globulin in its properties.

myognathus (mi-og' -na-thus) [myo-; yv&dos, jaw].
A. form of double monstrosity in which the accessory
Ihead is joined to the autosite by means of muscle
■ and integument only.

myogram (mi'-o-gram) [myo-; ypap.p.a, an inscrip-
tion]. The tracing made by the myograph.

myogramma {mi-o-gram'-ah). A mark or line
upon or in a muscle.

myograph (mi'-o-graf) [myo-; ypa<j>eiv, to write].
An instrument for recording the phases of a muscu-
lar contraction.

myographic (mi-o-graf'-ik) [see myograph]. Per-
taining to a myograph.

myography (mi-og' -ra-fe) [see myograph]. 1. A
description of the muscles. 2. The employment
of the myograph.

myohematin, myohaematin (mi-o-hem'-at-in). A
red pigment found in muscles.

myohysterectomy (mi-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me). The in-
complete removal of the uterus, more or less of the
cervix uteri being left and the operation being com-
pleted without opening the vagina.

myoid (mi'-oid) [myo-; eldos, like]. Like a muscle
or muscular tissue.

myoidema (mi-oid-e'-mah) [myo-; edema]. The
wheal brought out by a sharp tap on a muscle in
certain conditions of exhaustion.

myoides (mi-oi'-dez) [myo-; elSos, like]. The
platysma. See muscles, table of.

myoideum (mi-oid'-e-um) [myo-; elSos, resem-
blance]. Tissue resembling muscle.

myoidism (mi'-oid-izm) [see myoideum]. Idio-
muscular contraction.

myokymia (mi-o-ki' -me-ah) [myo-; K.vp.a, a wave].
Persistent, widespread, muscular quivering without
atrophy or loss of power.

myolemma (mi-o-lem'-ah) [myo-; \ep.p.a, covering].
The sarcolemma.

myolin (mi'-o-lin) [p.bs, muscle]. The substance
formerly supposed to form the contents of a muscu-
lar fibril.

myolipoma (mi-o-lip-o'-mah) . A myoma containing
fatty tissue.

myologic (mi-o-loj'-ik) [myo-; \6yos, science].
Pertaining to myology.

myologist (mi-oV -o-jist) . One versed in myology.

myology (mi-ol'-o-je) [myo-; \6yos, science]. The
science of the nature, structure, functions, and
diseases of muscles.

myolysis (mi-ol'-is-is) [myo-; Xwrw, solution].
The degeneration of muscle tissue.

myom (mi'-om). A myoma of the uterus.

myoma (mi-o'-mah) [myo-; 8p,a, tumor]. A muscu-
lar tumor. If composed of nonstriped muscular
tissue, it is called liomyoma; if of striped muscular
tissue, rhabdomyoma, m. telangiectodes, an angioma
surrounded by muscle-fibers; angiomyoma.

myomalacia (mi-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [myo-; naXaida.,
softening]. Softening of muscles, m. cordis, soften-
ing of a portion of the heart-muscle, usually resulting
from thrombosis or embolism.

myomatous (mi-o'-mat-us) [myoma]. Of the nature
of a myoma.

myomectomy (mi-o-mek'-to-me) [myoma; kKropA),
excision]. Excision of a uterine or other myoma.

myomelanosis (mi-o-mel-an-o'-sis) [myo-; fiehavw-
o-is, a becoming black]. The presence of a blackish
coloration in muscular tissue.

myomere (mi'-o-mer) [myo-; nkpos, a part]. A
muscular flake or metamere; a myocomma or myo-
tome.

myometer (mi-om'-et-er) [myo-; ukrpov, a measure].
An instrument for measuring muscle-contraction.

myometritis (mi-o-mft-ri' -tis) . Inflammation of
the uterine muscular tissue.

myometrium (mi-o-me'-tre-um) [myo-; mrpa,
womb]. The uterine muscular structure.

myomohysterectomy (mi-o-mo-his-ter-ek'-to-me)
[myoma; hysterectomy]. The extirpation of a myo-
matous uterus.

myomotomy (mi-o-mot'-o-me). See myomectomy.

myon (mi'-on) [p-vuv, a group of muscles]. A unit
of musculature; a group of muscles viewed as an
integer.

myonarcosis (mi-o-nar-ko'-sis) [myo-; ydp/coxrw,
numbness]. Numbness of the muscles.

myoneme (mi'-o-nem) [myo-; v^p.a, a thread].
One of the long contractile fibrillar which in the
protozoa make up the layer of the cytoplasm called
the myocyte. Cf. spasmoneme.

myoneoplasma (mi-o-ne-o-plaz'-mah) [myo-; vkos,
new; ir\a<rna, formation: pi., myoneoplasmata], A
myoma or muscular neoplasm.

myoneuralgia (mi-o-nu-ral'-je-ah). Neuralgic pain
in the muscles.

myoneurasthenia (mi-o-nu-ras-the'-ne-ah) . Re-
laxation of the muscles occurring in neurasthenia.

myoneure (mi'-o-nur) [myo-; vevpov, nerve]. A
motor nerve-cell supplying a muscle.

myoneuroma (mi-o-nu-ro'-mah). Combined my-
oma and neuroma.

myonicity (mi-o-nis'-it-e) [myo-]. The power of
living muscle to contract and to relax.

myonitis (mi-on-i'-tis) [myo-; ins, inflammation].
Synonym of myositis.

myonosus (mi-on'-o-sus) [myo-; voaos, disease].
A disease of the muscles.

myonymy (mi-on'-im-e) [myo-; &vofxa, name].
Nomenclature of the muscles.

myopachynsis (mi-o-pak-in'-sis) [myo-;^ traxwais,
thickening]. Muscular hypertrophy, m. lipomatosa.
See paralysis, pseudo-hyper trophic.

myopalmus (mi-o-paV -mus) [myo-; waXnos, a
twitch]. Twitching of the muscles.

myoparalysis (mi-o-par-aV-is-is). Paralysis of a
muscle or muscles.

myopathic (mi-o-path'-ik) [myo-; Trados, disease]

MYOPATHY

591

MYOTOMY

Depending upon or relating to disease of the muscles.
m. facies, a peculiar form of expression seen in
infantile forms of myopathic muscular atrophy. It
is characterized by imperfect movement of the facial
muscles, sinking in of the cheeks, and drooping of
the lower lip. Syn., facies myopathique.

myopathy, myopathia (mi-op' -atk-e, mi-o-path'-
e-ah) [myo-; iraBos, suffering], i. Any disease of
the muscles. 2. A group of disorders characterized
by slow progressive loss of power associated with
atrophy or hypertrophy of the muscles, absence of
fibrillar contraction or quantitative electrical change.

myope (mi'-op) [see myopia}. A person affected
with myopia.

myopericarditis (mi-o-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [myo-; peri-
carditis]. A combination of pericarditis with
myocarditis.

myoperitonitis (mi-o-per-it-on-i'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the abdominal muscles combined with peri-
tonitis.

myophage (mi'-o-faj) [see myophagism]. A phago-
cyte which consumes muscle cells.

myophagism (mi-of'-aj-izm) [myo-; <payelv, to eat].
The wasting away of muscular tissue observed in
muscular atrophy.

myophone (mi'-o-fon) [myo-; (pcotrri, sound]. An
instrument for hearing the sounds produced during
the contraction of a muscle.

myophonia (mi-o-fo' -ne-ah) [myo-; tpuvri, sound].
Muscle-sound.

myopia (mi-o'-pe-ah) [p.i<eu>, to close; &\j/, eye;
myopes having the habit of partially closing the lids
to avoid spherical aberration]. Near-sightedness;
an optical defect, usually due to too great length of
the antero-posterior diameter of the globe, whereby
the focal image is formed in front of the retina, m.,
high, a degree of myopia greater than 6.5 diopters.
m., low, one less than two diopters, m., malignant,
rapidly progressing myopia, m., progressive, con-
tinuous increase of myopia, due to increasing elonga-
tion of the eyeball.

myopic (mi-op'-ik) [see myopia]. Pertaining to
or having the nature of myopia; near-sighted, m.
crescent, a yellowish-white crescentic area about the
papilla, due to atrophy or breaking away of the
choroid and exposure of the sclerotic.

myopiosis (mi-o-pi-o'-sis). Synonym of myopia.

myoplasm (mi'-o-plazm) [myo-; TrXaopa, something
formed]. The contractile portion of a muscle fiber
as opposed to the sarcoplasm or undifferentiated
portion.

myoplast (mi'-o-plast) [myo-; irKaooeiv, to mold].
A muscle-producing cell.

myoplastic (mi-o-plas'-tik). Producing muscle;
pertaining to a myoplast. m. bodies, the embryonic
cells from which muscular fibers are developed.

myoplasty (mi'-o-plas-te). Plastic operation on
muscle.

myoplegia (mi-o-ple'-je-ah) [myo-; -jrXrjyri, a stroke].
A condition of diminished muscular power, or of
muscular paresis.

myopolar (mi-o-po'-lar) [myo-; pole]. Pertaining
to muscular polarity, electric or other.

myoporthosis (mi-o-por-tho'-sis) [jxvwip, near-
sighted; 6p06s, straight]. The correction of myopia.

myopresbytia (mi-o-pres-bish'-e-ah) [pvo)^, near-
sighted; 7rp«7vSim7s, old-sighted]. Combined myopia
and presbyopia.

myoprotein (mi-o-pro'-te-in). A substance found
in muscle-plasma, differing apparently from the
recognized albumins.

myoproteose (mi-o-pro'-te-os). See myoalbumose.

myopsychopathy, myopsychy (mi-o-si-kop'-ath-e,
mi-o-si'-ke) [myo-; \pv\v, mind; waBos, disease]. My-
opathies associated with feebleness or defect of mind.

myopsychoses (mi-o-si-ko'-sez) [myo-; fvxv, mind].
Myopathies and neuromuscular affections associ-
ated with mental disturbances.

myorrhaphy (mi-or'-af-e) [myo-; pa<j>Tj, a seam].
The union of the abdominal recti muscles by suture
when drawn apart.

myorrheuma (mi-or-oo'-mah) [myo-; pevpa, a flow].
A synonym of muscular rheumatism or myalgia.

myorrhexis (mi-or-eks'-is) [myo-; p-fj^is, a tearing].
Laceration or rupture of a muscle.

myosalgia (mi-o-sal'-je-ah). See myalgia.

myosalpingitis (mi-o-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Hypertrophy
of the muscular tissue of the Fallopian tube.

myosarcoma (mi-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma con-
taining muscular tissue.

myosclerosis (mi-o-skle-ro'-sis). 1. A hardening
or induration of a muscle. 2. Synonym of pseudo-
hypertrophic paralysis.

myoscope (mi'-o-skop) [myo-; oKovtlv, to inspect].
An apparatus used in observing the contraction-
phenomena of muscles.

myoseism (mi-o-se'-izm) [myo-; oeiopbs, a shake].
A symptom that consists in repeated stops in the
course of muscular contractions by which the whole
movement is rendered jerky.

myoseptum (mi-o-sep'-tum) [myo-; septum]. The
intermuscular septum between the metameres of
muscles of certain animals, as of fishes.

myoserum (mi-o-se'-rum). Muscle-juice; juice
derived from meat submitted to pressure.

myosin (mi'-o-sin) [jws, muscle]. A protein of the
globulin class, found in coagulated muscle-plasma,
and formed from the antecedent globulin, myo-
sinogen. It is also found in the cornea and in some
vegetables. Myosin is soluble in strong saline solu-
tions, and is changed into syntonin by the action of
dilute hydrochloric acid and heat.

myosinogen (mi-o-sin'-o-jen) [myosin; yevvav,
to beget]. One of the proteins of muscle-plasma.
It is the antecedent of myosin. Its coagulation after
death is the cause of rigor mortis.

myosinose (mi-o'-sin-os). An albumose produced
by gastric digestion of myosin.

myosinuria (mi-o-sin-u'-re-ah). The occurrence
of myosin in the urine.

myosis (mi-o'-sis). See miosis.

myositic (mi-o-sif -ik) . Pertaining to, or affected
with myosis, or with myositis.
_ myositis (mi-o-si'-tis) [p.vs, muscle; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the muscles, m. fibrosa,
m., interstitial, an inflammation of the connective
tissue of muscle, m., ischemic, myositis due to
prolonged fixation of forearm fractures by any form
of bandaging which intercepts circulation through
the muscles and nerves of the part. m. ossificans,
a variety characterized by the formation of osseous
deposits in the muscles, m. ossificans progressiva,
a process of ossification attacking one muscle after
another, m. ossificans traumatica, the formation of
a mass of bone in a muscle after an injury, m.,
parenchymatous, that affecting the essential sub-
stance of a muscle, m., specific, m., syphilitic, that
due to syphilis, m. trichinosa, that due to the
presence of trichina spiralis in the muscles.

myosome (mi'-o-som) [myo-; oQpa, body]. The
contractilesubstance of muscle.

myospasis (mi-os' -pas-is) [myo-; owaois, a drawing:
pi., myospases]. A muscular contraction.

myospasm (rni'-o-spazin) [myo-; o-Ka.ap.6s, spasm].
Muscular spasm; a cramp.

myospasmia (mi-o-spaz'-me-ah) [see myospasm].
Diseases in which spasmodic muscular contraction
is a dominant symptom.

myosuria (mi-o-su' -re-ah) . See myosinuria.

myosuture (mi-o-su' -tur). Suture of a muscle.

rxryosynizesis (mi-o-sin-iz-e'-sis) [myo-; owl^ois,
a falling together]. The adhesion of two or more
muscles.

myotactic (mi-o-tak'-tik) [myo-; tangere, to touch].
Relating to muscular sense, or the sense of touch in
muscles.

myotasis (mi-ot'-as-is) [myo-; tools, a stretching].
Passive tension of a muscle.

myotatic (mi-o-tai'-ik) [myo-; tools, a stretching].
Produced by or depending upon passive tension
of the muscles, m. contraction, tendon-reflex. , m.
irritability, an increased irritability of muscles pro-
duced by passive extension, and giving rise, when
the muscle is stimulated, to myotatic contraction, or
tendon-reflex.

myotenotomy (mi-o-ten-ot'-o-me) [myo-; rkviov,
tendon; row, a cutting]. Surgical division of muscles
and tendons.

myothelium (mi-o-the'-le-um) [myo-; d-nX-f;, nipple].
The cellular elements composing a myotome or
pro to vertebra.

myothermic (mi-o-lher'-mik) [myo-; Bkpprj, heat].
Pertaining to heat-development in a muscle.

myotic (mi-ot'-ik). See miotic.

myotility (mi-o-tiV -it-e) . Muscular contractility, or
tonicity.

myotome (mi'-o-tom) [myo-; roprj, a cutting].
1. An instrument for performing myotomy. 2. See
myocomma.

myotomy (mi-ot'-o-me) [see myotome]. 1. Division

MYOTONE

592

MYXEDEMA

of a muscle, particularly through its belly. 2. The
dissection of muscles.

myotone (mi'-o-ton). See myotonia.

myotonia, myotonus (mi-o-to'-ne-ah, -ot'-o-nus)
[myo-; twos, tension] 1. Tonic muscular spasm.
2. The stretching of a muscle. 3. Muscular tone,
quality, or tension, m. acquisita, a disease, not
hereditary, characterized by tonic muscular spasm.
m. congenita, m. hereditaria, Thomsen's disease;
a hereditary disease characterized by tonic spasms in
the voluntarily moved muscles.

myotyrbe (mi-o-ter'-be) [myo-; rhpfiti, disorder].
Chorea; incoordinate muscular movements.

Myrcia (mur'-se-ah). A genus of aromatic shrubs
of the natural order Myrtacea. M. acris is the source
of oil of bay, oleum myrcia, from which is prepared
bay-rum, or spiritus -myrcia. Bay-rum is used as a
local application in headache and to impart its
odor to many toilet preparations.

myriachit (mir-e-ah'-shit) . See palmus.

myriagram (mir'-e-ag-ram) [pvploi, ten thousand;
ypanfia, gram]. Ten thousand grams.

myrialiter (me-re-al-e'-ter) [pvploi, ten thousand;
Mrpa, liter]. Ten thousand liters.

myriameter (me-re-am'-e-ter) [pvpiot,Aen thousand;
pkrpov, a measure]. Ten thousand meters.

myricin (mir'-is-in) [pvpUrj, the tamarisk]. A con-
stituent of wax (cera flava), insoluble in boiling
alcohol. It consists chiefly of myricyl palmitate,
C30H61 . C16H31O2, which is a compound of palmitic
acid and myricyl alcohol.

myricyl (mir'-is-il). A univalent hydrocarbon,
C30H01, the radical of myricyl alcohol, m. alcohol,
C30H62O, hydrogen myricylate, is obtained by de-
composing beeswax.

myringa, myrinx (mir-in'-gah, mir'-inks) [L.].
The tympanic membrane.

myringectomy (mir-in-jek'-to-me). See myringo-
dectomy.

myringitis (mir-in-ji'-tis) [myringa; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the membrana tympani.
m. bullosa, acute myringitis attended by small,
pearly-gray blisters.

myringodectomy (mir-in-go-dek'-to-me) [myringa;
eKTop.rj, excision]. Excision of a part or of the whole
of the membrana tympani.

myringodermatitis (mir-in-go-der-mat-i'-tis) [myr-
inga; dermatitis]. Inflammation of the external
layer of the drum-membrane with the formation of
blebs below or behind the malleus.

myringomycosis (mir-in-go-mi-ko'-sis) [myringa ;
mycosis]. Disease of the drum-membrane, due to
parasitic fungi, especially Aspergillus.

myringoplastic (mir-in-go-plas'-tik). [myringoplasty].
Pertaining to myringoplasty.

myringoplasty (mir-in'-go-plas-te) [myringa; TrXaa-
aeiv, to shape]. A plastic operation on the membrana
tympani.

myringoscope (mi-ring' -go-skop) [myringa; arnoirelv,
to examine]. An ear speculum with a magnifying lens.

myringotome (mir-in'-go-tom) [myringa; ropy,
a cutting]. An instrument used in incising the
membrana tympani.

myringotomy (mir-in-got'-o-me) [see myringotome].
Incision of the tympanic membrane.

myrinx (mi' -rinks). See myringa.

myrisma (mi-riz'-mah) [pvpio-pa]. An anointing,
inunction.

myristic acid (mir-is' -tik) [myristica], Q4H28O2.
A monobasic acid found in Myristica fyagrans, in
cocoanut-oil, in spermaceti, etc.

myristica (mir-is' -tik-ah) . See nutmeg.

myristicated liver (mi-ris' -tik-a-ted). Nutmeg
liver, q. v.

myristication (mi-ris-tik-a' -shun) [pvpl^eiv, to
anoint]. The development of a nutmeg condition of
the liven

myristicin (mir-is' -tis-in) [myristica.] A peculiar
fatty body contained in nutmeg.

myristicol (mir-is' -tik-ol) [myristica; oleum, oil],
C10H16O. An oily substance extracted from oil of
nutmeg. _

myristin (mi-ris' -tin) [pvpi^eiv, to anoint]. A
compound of glycerin and myristic acid.

myrmecia (mur-me'-se-ah) [pvppv^a, ants' nest;
pvpprf, ant]. < A warty growth on the palm or sole.

myrmeciasis, myrmeciasm (mir-me-si' -as-is, mir-
me'-se-azm) [p.vpp-q^, ant]. Formication.

myron (mi'-ron) [pbpov, any sweet juice exuding
from plants]. 1. An unguent. 2. A soft resin.

myronate (mi'-ron-at). A salt of myronic acid.

myronic acid (mi-ron'-ik). See acid, myronic.

myronin (mi'-ron-in). An ointment-base said to
be a mixture of soap, carnauba wax, and doegling oil.

myrosin (mi'-ro-sin) [myron]. An albuminous
ferment occurring in mustard-seed, which liberates
the oil of mustard from potassium myronate.

myrrh (mer) [pvppa, myrrh]. A gum-resin (myrrha,
U. S. P.) obtained from Commiphora (Balsamo-
dendron) myrrha, a tree of the natural order Bur ser-
acece. Myrrh contains a volatile oil, a resin (myr-
rhin), and a gum, and is used as a stimulant tonic
in dyspepsia, pulmonary affections, chlorosis, and
amenorrhea. It is employed as a local application
in various forms of stomatitis. Dose 10-30.gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). m., tincture of (tinctura myrrha,
U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). Myrrh
is also an ingredient of mistura ferri composita, pilula
aloes et myrrha, and tinctura aloes et myrrha.

myrrholin (mir'-ol-in). A solution of equal parts
of fatty oil and myrrh used as a vehicle for the
administration of creosote.

myrtaceous, myrtal (mir-ta'-shus, mir'-tal). Be-
longing to or characteristic of the myrtle family.

myrtiform (mir'-tif-orm) [myrtum, a myrtle-berry-
forma, form]. Shaped like a myrtle-berry or myrtle;
leaf. m. caruncles. See caruncula. m. fossa, a
shallow pit between the edge of the pyriform aperture
of the superior maxilla above, and the sockets of the
front teeth of the upper jaw below.

myrtiformis (mir-te-form'-is). See depressor ala
nasi and compressor narium under muscle.

myrtle (mir'-tl) [pOpros, the myrtle]. A plant of
the genus Myrtus. The leaves of Myrtus chekan are
used in bronchitis. Dose of fiuidextract 1-3 dr. (4-12
Cc). The leaves of Myrtus communis yield myrtol,
which distils between 1600 and 1800 C. The leaves
are used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds. Myr-
tol is employed as an antiseptic in bronchitis, cystitis,
and pyelitis. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.).

myrtol (mir'-tol) [myrtus; oleum, oil]. A consti-
tuent of the essential oil of Myrtus communis (see
myrtus); it is useful in bronchitis, vaginitis, and
urethritis, and as a sedative and antiseptic. Dose
gtt. iv-xvj, in capsules.

myrtus (mir'-tus). See myrtle.

mysophobia (mi-so-fo'-be-ah) [pixros, filth; <£6/Sos,
dread]. _ An abnormal dread of contact or of dirt.

mytacism (mit'-as-izm). See mutacism.

mythomania (mith-o-ma'-ne-ah) [pvdos, fiction;
pavla, madness]. A morbid tendency to lie or to
exaggerate.

mytilotoxicon (mit-il-o-toks'-ik-on) [see mytilo-
toxin]. A general name for the active agent in
mussel-poisoning.

mytilotoxin (mit-il-o-toks'-in) [pvriXos, mussel;
to&kov, a poison], C6H15NO2. A poisonous leuko-
maine found in poisonous mussel; it is similar in
action to curara.

mytilotoxism (mit-il-o-toks'-izm). Mussel-poison-
ing.

myurous (mi-u'-rus) [pvs, mouse; ovpa, a tail].
Tapering like the tail of the mouse; a qualification
applied to the pulse when it is progressively growing
feeble.

myxa (miks'-ah) [pv£a, mucus]. Mucus.

myxadenitis (miks-ad-en-i'-tis) [pv^a, mucus;
adenitis]. Inflammation of a mucous gland.

myxadenoma (miks-ad-en-o'-mah) . Synonym of
myxoadenoma.

myxangitis (miks-an-ji'-tis) [pv£a, mucus; kyyelov,
vessel; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
duct of a mucous gland.

myxasthenia (miks-as-the'-ne-ah) [pv%a, mucus;
asthenia]. Overdryness of the mucosa or impairment
of the power to secrete mucus.

myxedema, myxoedema (miks-e-de'-mah) [pi£a, mu-
cus; edema]. A disorder of nutrition in which the
subcutaneous tissue, especially of the face and hands,
becomes infiltrated with a mucin-like substance, giv-
ing rise to a pale, edematous swelling, which does not
pit on pressure. It is associated with dulness of the
intellect, slow monotonous speech, muscular weak-
ness, tremors, and absence of sweating. It is thought
to be due to atrophy or degeneration of the thyroid
gland, a view that gains strength from the facts that a
similar condition to that of myxedema is produced
in animals by the removal of the thyroid gland
(cachexia strumipriva) , and that the administration
of thyroid gland in myxedema produces a. marked

MYXEDEMATOID

593

MYZESIS

amelioration of symptoms. In individuals in whom
the thyroid gland is congenitally diseased or absent
a state resembling myxedema is likely to develop;
this is known as cretinism.

myxedematoid (miks-e-de' -mat-oid) [p.v£a, mucus;
otirniCL, edema; eldos, like]. Resembling myxedema.

myxedematous (miks-e-dem'-at-us) [myxedema].
Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of
myxedema.

myxemia, myxaemia (miks-e'-me-ah) \jxv£a, mucus;
al/ia, blood]. An accumulation of mucin in the blood.

myxeurysma (miks-u-riz'-mah) [/ui>£a, mucus;
tvpweiv, to widen]. Cavernous lymphangioma.

myxiosis (miks-e-o'-sis) [p.v£a, mucus]. A mucous
discharge.

myxo- (miks-o-) [jiv^a, mucus]. A prefix meaning
relating to mucus or mucoid.

myxoadenoma (miks-o-ad-en-o'-mah) [myxo-; ad-
enoma). An adenoma that has in part undergone
myxomatous degeneration; an adenoma of a mucous
gland.

Myxobolus cyprini (miks-ob'-ol-us, sip-ri'-ni). A
pathogenic protozoon belonging to the sporozoa;
it produces pox disease in carp.

myxochondrofibrosarcoma (miks-o-kon-dro-fi-bro-
sar-ko'-mah). A myxochondroma containing fibrous
and sarcomatous elements.

myxochondroma (miks-o-kon-dro'-mah) [myxo- ;
chondroma]. A tumor containing mucous and
cartilaginous tissue.

myxochondrosarcoma (miks-o-kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah)
[myxo-; x°"5p°s, cartilage; <r&p£, flesh; bp.a, tumor].
A mixed tumor containing myxomatous and carti-
laginous tissue and embryonal connective tissue.

Myxococcidium stegomyiae (miks-o-kok-sid'-e-um
steg-o-mi'-i-e). A protozoon found in the body of
the mosquito, Stegomyia calopus, and believed to be
the microorganism causing yellow-fever.

myxocylindroma (miks-o-sil-in-dro'-mah) [myxo-;
Kv\i.v8pos, cylinder; 6p.a, tumor]. A myxomatous
sarcoma in which the myxomatous tissue is disposed
in the meshes of the sarcoma.

myxocystitis (miks-o-sis-ti'-tis) [myxo-; kv<ttis,
bladder; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the bladder.

myxocystoma (miks-o-sist-o'-mah). A cystoma
containing mucous elements.

myxodermia (miks-o-der'-me-ah) [myxo-; bkpy.a,
skin]. Softening of the skin.

myxodes (miks-o'-dez) [myxo-; elSos, like]. Re-
sembling mucus.

myxcedema (miks-e-de'-mah) . See myxedema.

myxoendothelioma (miks - o-en - do-the-le-o' -mah)
[myxo-; ev8oi>, within; 0*7X17, a nipple; 5p.a, tumor:
pi., myxoendotheliomata]. An endothelioma that
contains myxomatous tissue.

myxofibroma (miks-o-fi-bro'-mah) [myxo-; fibroma].
A fibroma that has in part undergone myxomatous
degeneration.

myxofibrosarcoma (miks-o-fi-bro-sar-ko'-mah) . A
tumor made up of myxomatous, sarcomatous, and
fibromatous elements.

myxoglioma (miks-o-gli-o'-mah) [myxo-; glioma].
A glioma with myxomatous degeneration.

myxoid (miks'-oid) [myxo-; eldos, like]. Like
mucus.

myxoidedema, myxoidoedema (miks-oid-e-de'-mah).
A severe form of influenza.

myxoinoma (miks-o-in-o'-mah) [myxo-; Is, a fiber;
6p.a, a tumor]. A benign form of inoma with myxo-
matous elements.

myxolipoma (miks-o-lip-o'-mah) [myxo-; lipoma].
A fatty tumor that has in part undergone myxo-
matous change.

myxoma (miks-o' -mah) [myxo-; 611a, tumor]. A
connective-tissue tumor after the type of the jelly
of Wharton of the umbilical cord. It consists of
a gelatinous, mucin-containing, intercellular sub-
stance, in which are scattered peculiar branched or
stellate cells, m., cystic, m., cystoid, one containing
parts so fluid as to resemble cysts, m., hyaline, a
translucent form consisting almost wholly of mucous
tissue, m., medullary, one containing many cells
and presenting a white, opaque, pith-like appear-
ance, m., telangiectatic, m. telangiectodes, m.,
vascular, a myxoma characterized by a highly vascu-
lar structure.

myxomatous (miks-o' -mat-us) [myxoma]. Of the
nature of, or pertaining to, myxoma, m. degenera-
tion, mucoid degeneration. It attacks epithelium
and connective tissue, giving rise to the production
of. a gelatinous substance containing mucin. In
epithelial tissue the cells are affected; in connective
tissue, the intercellular substance.

myxomycetes (miks-o-mi-se' -tez) [myxo-; p.vktjs,
fungus]. A group of ameboid microorganisms be-
lieved at one time to be vegetable, now known to be
animal in nature.

myxoneuroma (miks-o-nu-ro'-mah) [myxo-; neu-
roma]. 1. A glioma. 2. A neuroma with mucous
elements.

myxoneurosis (miks-o-nu-ro'-sis) [myxo-; neurosis].
A neurosis which, as a functional disturbance, causes
an abnormal secretion of mucus, m. intestinalis
membranacea, . intestinal catarrh combined with
secretion of mucus of nervous origin.

myxopapilloma (miks-o-pap-il-o'-mah). Papilloma
with mucous elements.

myxorrhea, myxorrhcea (miks-or-e'-ah) [myxo- ; poLa,
a flow]. A copious mucous discharge.

myxosarcoma (miks-o- sar-ko' -mah) [myxo-; sar-
coma], A sarcoma that has in part undergone
myxomatous degeneration.

myxospore (miks'-o-spor) [myxo-; cnvopos, seed].
A spore produced in the midst of a gelatinous mass
without a distinct ascus or basidium.

Myxosporidia (miks-o-spor-id'-e-ah) [myxo-; awopos,
seed]. A group or order of Sporozoa found as para-
sitic bodies in the muscles and epithelial cells of
fishes; they produce a psorospermosis which is. fre-
quently widespread and destructive.

myzesis (mi-ze'-sis) [pv£eiv, to suck]. Synonym
of sucking.

N

N. The chemical symbol for nitrogen.

n. The symbol for index of refraction; also ab-
breviation for nasal, normal.

Na. Chemical symbol for sodium (natrium).

N. A. Abbreviation of numerical aperture.

Nabothian cysts, N. ovules (nah-bo'-the-an)
[Martin Naboth, German anatomist, 1675-1721].
Small retention cysts formed by the Nabothian folli-
cles. N. follicles, N. glands, the mucous follicles of
the cervix uteri about the external os. N. menor-
rhagia, a discharge from the pregnant uterus of thin
mucous that accumulates as the result of excessive
secretion of the uterine glands. Syn., hydrorrhea
gravidarum.

nacra (na'-krah). See nakra.

nacre (na'-ker) [Ar., nakir, hollowed out]. Mother-
of-pearl.

nacreous (na'-kre-us) [Ar., nakir, hollowed out].
Resembling nacre or mother-of-pearl.

Naegele's obliquity (na'-gel-eh) [Franz Karl
Naegele, German obstetrician, 1778-1851]. Bipari-
etal obliquity; the lateral inclination of the fetal
head, at the superior pelvic strait, which brings the
sagittal suture nearer to the sacral promontory.
N.'s pelvis, the obliquely contracted pelvis; ankylosis
of the sacroiliac synchondrosis of one side, with im-
perfect development of the sacrum on the corre-
sponding side.

naevoid (ne'-void). See nevoid.

nsevose (ne'-vos). See nevose.

naevus (ne'-vus). See nevus.

naftalan (naf ' -tal-an) . An antiseptic, deodorant
substance consisting of a Russian naphtha (97 %)
and hard soap (3 %). It is used in skin diseases,
burns, ulcers, and rheumatism.

nagana, n'gana, nygana (nag-ah'-nah) [African].
A disease of animals due to Trypanosoma Brucei,
which is transmitted by the tsetse-fly.

nail (ndl) [AS., ncegel]. The horny structure
covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanx
of each finger and toe. It consists of intimately
united horny epithelial cells derived from the stratum
lucidum of the epidermis, n.-bed, a vascular tissue,
corresponding to the corium and the stratum Mal-
pighii of the skin, in which a nail rests, n.-culture,
a term applied in bacteriology to a stab-culture
showing a growth along the needle-track, and on the
surface a button-like projection, giving the appear-
ance of a nail driven into the gelatin, n.-fold, the
portion of epidermis that covers the root and edges
of the nail, n., hang-. See hangnail, n., ingrowing,
n., ingrown, an overlapping of the nail by the flesh,
from pressure, attended with ulceration, n.-matrix,
the proximal end of the nail-bed; the structure from
which the nail grows, n., parrot-beak, a nail curved
like a parrot's beak, n., reedy, one marked with
furrows, n., turtle-back, a nail curved in all direc-
tions; a condition seen in certain trophic disturbances.

nailers' consumption. See siderosis.

Naja (nah'-jah) [noya, the Ceylon name]. 1. A
genus of serpents of the family Elapidce. 2. A
homeopathic preparation of cobra venom. N.
tripudians, the cobra (q. v.).

naked (na'-ked). Unclothed; nude. n. eye, the
eye unaided by a magnifying instrument.

nakra (na'-krah) [Beng.]. A Bengalese disease
resembling influenza.

namangitis (nam-an-ji'-tis). Synonym of lymph-
angitis.

nameless crime. The name given to perversion
of the genetic instinct, by which sexual gratification
is secured in other than the normal way, as by buccal
or anal coitus, etc.

nanism (na'-nizm) [nanus]. Abnormal smallness
of size from arrested development. Dwarfishness.

nanocephalia (na-no-sef-a'-le-ah) [vivos, dwarf;
K€<t>a\rj, head]. The condition of being nanocepha-
lous.

nanocephalous (na-no-sef'-al-us) [nanus; Kt<t>akr),
head]. Possessing a dwarfed head.

nanocephalus (na-no-sef'-al-us) [vivos, dwarf;
ice<j>a\r), head]. A fetus with a dwarfed head.

nanocormia, nanocormus (na-no-kor'-me-ah, na-
no-kor'-mus) [vivos, dwarf; nopiibs, trunk]. 1. A
monstrosity possessing a dwarfed trunk. 2. A
dwarfed condition of the trunk.

nanoid (na'-noid) [nanus; eldos, like]. Dwarf-like,
nanomelia, nanomelus (na-no-me' -le-ah, na-nom'-
el-us) [nanus; nk\os, a limb]. A monster charac-
terized by undersized limbs.

nanosoma, nanosomia (na-no-so'-mah, na-no-so'-
me-ah) [vivos, dwarf; auna, body]. See microsomia,
nanism.

nanosomus (na-no-so'-mus) [vivos, dwarf; aufia,
body]. One dwarfed in body.

nanous (nan' -us). Dwarfed, stunted.
nanus (na'-nus) [vivos, a dwarf]. 1. A dwarf.
2. Dwarfed; stunted.

nape (nap) [ME]. The back part of the neck;
the nucha.

napelline (na-pel'-en) [napellus, dim. of napus, a
turnip], G>6H39NOii. An alkaloid of Aconitum
napellus. It is an anodyne and antineuralgic.
Dose i-\ gr. (0.01-0.03 Gm.).

napellus (na-pel'-us) [L., dim. of napus, a turnip].
Aconitum napellus, q. v.

napha (na'-fah) [L.]% Orange-blossoms,
naphtalan (naf -tal-an). Same as naftalan.
naphtha (naf'-thah) [va<j>9a, from Ar., naft, naphtha].
1. Formerly, any strong-smelling, inflammable,
volatile liquid. 2. A colorless, inflammable oil
distilled from petroleum, bituminous shale, etc.
n., coal-tar, a volatile mixture distilled from coal-
tar and containing benzene, toluene, xylene, and
similar hydrocarbons, n., petroleum, the more
volatile part of petroleum collected during distillation
and known as crude naphtha, or again separated by
distillation into gasolene, benzene, and refined
naphtha, n.-salicin, a disinfecting solution said to
contain salicylic acid, naphthol, and borax, n.,
shale, naphtha distilled from bituminous shale.
n. vitrioli, ethylic ether. n., wood-, methyl-
alcohol.

naphthalan (naf'-thal-an). A substance obtained
from the distillation of a variety of naphtha. It is
used as a protective dressing.

naphthalene, naphthalin (naf -thai- en, naf-thal-in)
[naphtha]. Naphthalinum (U. S. P.), CioHs. A
hydrocarbon crystallizing in large, silvery, rhombic
plates, slightly soluble in hot, but insoluble in cold,
water, though easily soluble in methyl- and ethyl-
alcohols, chloroform, ether, and benzene. It is an
antiseptic, and is used in intestinal putrefaction, in
typhoid fever, etc.; locally, in scabies and pruritus.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).
naphthalol (naf -thal-ol) . See betol.
naphthocresol (naf-tho-kre'-sol). A brown, tarry,
antiseptic liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol;
used the same as creolin.

naphthof ormin (nap-tho-form'-in) . A condensation-
product of naphthol, formaldehyde and ammonia.
It is used as an application in skin diseases.

naphthol, naphtol (naf-thol, naf-tol), C10H7, OH.
A substance found in coal-tar and prepared arti-
ficially from alphanaphthol. It exists in two isomeric
forms, alphanaphthol and betanaphthol, and occurs
in the form of pale, buff-colored crystals. Beta-
naphthol (U. S. P.) is employed in dyspepsia and as
an intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea, typhoid fever,
etc. Locally it is used in eczema, prurigo, herpes,
favus, etc. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). n.-
aristol, n.-diiodide. See diiodobetanaphthol. n.-
eucalyptol, a compound of alphanaphthol or beta-
naphthol and eucalyptol; it is used as a surgical
antiseptic.

naphtholate (naf -thol-at) . A naphthol compound

NAPHTHOLISM

595

NASOBUCCAL

in which a base replaces the hydrogen atom in the
hydroxyl.

naphtholism (naf'-thol-izm). - Poisoning from con-
tinued external application of naphthol; it is marked
by nephritis, hematuria, and eclampsia.

naphtholum {naf -thol-um) . Betanaphthol.

naphthopyrine {naf-tho-pi'-rin). A molecular
compound obtained by the prolonged trituration of
betanaphthol with twice its weight of antipyrine.

naphthoquinone {naf-tho-kwin'-on), C10HSO2. A
crystalline substance formed by oxidation of naph-
thalin.

naphthosalol (naf-tho-sa'-lol). See betol.

naphthoxol {naf-thoks'-ol). An antiseptic fluid
consisting of a 3 % solution of hydrogen dioxide,
32 to 38 % alcohol, and 2 % naphthol.

naphthyl {naf'-thil), C10H7. The radical of naph-
thalene.

naphthylamine {naf-thil'-a-min), CicHz . NH2. A
crystallizable substance turning red in the air.

naphtol (naf'-tol). Same as naphthol.

napiform {na'-pif-orm) [napus, a turnip; forma,
form]. Turnip-shaped.

narceine (nar'-se-en) [vapni), numbness], C23H29NO9.
An alkaloid contained in opium. It is sparingly
soluble in water and alcohol, and forms fine, silky,
inodorous, bitter crystals. It is used as a substitute
for morphine. Dose \ gr. (0.016 Gm,). n. hydro-
chloride, C23H29NO9 . HCI+2H2O, an acid substance
forming colorless needles freely soluble in water and
alcohol. It is used as a hypnotic in doses of £-3 gr.
(0.01-0.2 Gm.). n. meconate, C23H29NO9 . C7H4O7,
yellow crystals soluble in water. It is used as a
sedative. Subcutaneous dose Ty-§ gr. (0.006-0.025
Gm.). n., reaction for (Arnold's), upon heating the
substance containing narceine with concentrated
sulphuric acid and a trace of phenol a reddish colora-
tion results, n. valerianate, C23H29NO9 . C5HK1O2,
a greenish-white, unstable powder, soluble in alcohol
or hot water; decomposes on exposure. It is used as
a sedative in mania, hysteria, etc.

narcism (nar'-sizm) [Narcissus, a Greek mytho-
ogical character who fell in love with his own image
reflected in a fountain]. Observation of one's own
naked body, with voluptuous ideas.

narcissine {nar-sis'-en), C16H17O4N. An alkaloid
obtained from the bulb of Narcissus pseudonarcissus,
the common daffodil. It is a stable crystalline alka-
loid, insoluble in water.

narco- {nar-ko-) [vapn-q, numbness]. A prefix
meaning relating to narcosis, numbness, or stupor.

narcohypnia {nar-ko-hip'-ne-ah) [narco-; virvos,
sleep]. Waking numbness; a peculiar state in which
the patient has a sense of numbness on awaking.

narcolepsy (nar'-ko-lep-se) [narco-; epilepsy]. An
uncontrollable tendency to attacks of deep sleep of
short duration. It has been observed in epilepsy
and other affections.

narcoleptic {nar-ko-lep'-tik) [narco-; \anP6.veiv,
to seize]. Affected with narcolepsy.

narcoma {nar-ko' -mah) [see narcosis]. Stupor
from the use of a narcotic.

narcomania {nar-ko-ma' -ne-ah) [narco-; vavla,
madness]. 1. Insanity characterized by stupor.
2. Insanity from use of narcotics. 3. A morbid
craving for narcotics.

narcomaniac {nar-ko-ma' -ne-ak). One affected
with narcomania.

narcomatous {nar-ko' -mat-us) [vapai), stupor].
Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of,
narcoma.

narcopepsia, narcopepsis (nar-ko-pep'-se-ah, nar-
ko-pep'-sis) [narco-; irtyis, digestion]. Slow or torpid
digestion.

narcophine (nar'-ko-fen). Trade name of a com-
bination of morphine meconate and narcotine me-
conate; it resembles pantopon in its action, and is
said to contain about 30 per cent, of morphine.

narcose (nar'-kos) [narcosis]. In a condition of
stupor.

narcosis {nar-ko' -sis) [vapKovv, to benumb]. The
state of complete unconsciousness produced by a
narcotic drug or an anesthetic, n., medullary, anes-
thesia by cocainization of the spinal cord.

narcospasm {nar'-ko-spazm) [narco-; spasm].
Spasm accompanied by stupor.

narcotic {nar-kot'-ik) [see narcosis], 1. Producing
stupor. 2. A drug that produces narcosis.

narcoticoacrid, narcoticoirritant {nar-kot-ik-o-ak'-
.rid, nar-kot-ik-o-ir' -it-ant) . See acronarcotic.

narcotile {nar'-kot-ll). A mixture of chlorides of
methyl and ethyl; intended for a general anesthetic.

narcotine {nar'-kot-en) [see narcosis], C22H23NO7.
An alkaloid of opium, separated from morphine by
potassium hydroxide. It crystallizes from alcohol
in shining prisms, and melts at 1 760 C. It is sudorific
and antipyretic, but has no narcotic effects. Dose
i-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.).

narcotism {nar' -kot-izm) [see narcosis]. The
condition resulting from the use of a narcotic.

narcotize {-iar'-ko-tiz) [see narcosis]. To put
under the influence of a narcotic; to render uncon-
scious by means of a narcotic.

nard [vapf,os, nard]. See spikenard.

naregamia {nar-eg-a'-me-ah) [E. Ind.]. Goanese
ipecacuanha; the bark of N . alata, having properties
due to an alkaloid, naregamine.

naregamine {nar -eg' -am- en) [naregamia]. An alka-
loid contained in Naregamia alata.

nares {na'-rez). Plural of naris.

nargol {nar'-gol). A preparation of silver and
nucleinic acid used in the local treatment of gonorrhea
and conjunctivitis.

narinjin {na-rin'-jin) [Sanskrit, narinji, the
orange], C23H26O12 +4H2O, or C23H2SO12+5H2O. A
glucoside from the blossoms of Citrus decumana, the
grape:fruit or pomelo tree.

naris {na'-ris) [L.; pi., nares]. A nostril. One of
a pair of openings at the anterior part {anterior nares)
o: at the posterior part {posterior nares) of the nasal
fossae.
• narry {nar'-e) [Mongolian]. Alcoholic gastritis.

nasal {na'-zal) [nasus, the nose]. Pertaining to
the nose. n. artery. See under artery, n. bones,
the two small bones forming the arch of the nose.
n. capsule, the embryonic cartilage which becomes
the nose. n. catarrh, catarrh of the nasal mucous
membrane; coryza. n. duct. See under duct.
n. eminence. See eminence, nasal, n. fossa?, the
cavities of the nose. n. ganglion, the sphenopalatine
ganglion, n labyrinth, the irregular cavity formed
by the turbinal bones in the nasal passages, n.
line. See Salle's {de) line. n. nerve. See under
nerve, n. spine. 1. A sharp process descending^ in
the middle line from the inferior surface of the frontal
bone between the superior maxillae. 2. The in-
ferior sharp edge of the nasal crest of the superior
maxilla. Syn., anterior nasal spine. 3. The promi-
nence formed by the junction in the median line of
the elevations upon the posterior internal adjoining
margins of the palatal plate of the palate bones.
n. voice, a peculiar muffled timbre of the voice,
especially marked in cases of perforation of the
palate.

nasalis. See muscles, table of.

nascent {nas'-ent) [nasci, to be born]. A term
applied to gaseous substances at the moment of their
liberation from chemical combination.

nasen {na'-zen) [nasus, a nose]. Belonging to
the nasal bone in itself.

nasethmoid {na-zeth-moid) . Pertaining to the
nasal and ethmoid bones.

nasiform {na'-zif-orm) [nasus, nose; forma, form].
Shaped like the nose.

nasioalveolar {na-ze-o-al-ve' -o-lar) . Relating to or
connecting the nasion and the alveolar point.

nasiobregmatic {na-ze-o-breg-mat'-ik). Pertaining
to the nasion and the bregma.

nasioinial {na-ze-o-in' -e-al) . Pertaining to the
nasion and the inion.

nasiomental {na-ze-o-men'-tal). Pertaining to or
connecting the nasion and the mentum,

nasion {na'-ze-on) [nasus, nose]. The median point
of the nasofrontal suture.

nasitis {na-zi'-tis). See rhinitis.

Nasmyth's membrane, N.'s cuticle {naz'-mith)
[Alexander \Nasmyth, Scotch dentist, 1847- ].
The epithelial membrane enveloping the enamel of
the tooth during its development and for a short
time after birth. Syn., cuticula dentis.

naso- {na-zo-) [nasus, nose]. A prefix denoting
connection with or relation to the nose.

nasoantral {na-zo-an'-tral). Relating to the nose
and the maxillary antrum.

nasoantritis {na-zo-an-tri'-tis). Rhinitis com-
bined with inflammation of the antrum of Highmore.

nasoaural {na-zo-aw'-ral). Relating to the nose
and ear.

nasobuccal {na-zo-buk'-al). Relating to the nose
and cheek.

NASOBUCCOPHARYNGEAL

596

NECK

nasobuccopharyngeal (na-zo-buk-o-far-in'-je-al) .
Relating to the nose, cheek, and pharynx.

nasociliary (na-zo-sil'-e-a-re). Applied to a nerve
distributed to the nose and the ciliary body.

nasocular (na-zok'-u-lar). Pertaining to the nose
and the eye; nasorbital.

nasofrontal (na-zo-fron'-tal). Pertaining to the
nasal and the frontal bones.

nasolabial (na-zo-la'-be-al). Pertaining to the nose
and lip.

nasolacrimal (na-zo-lak'-rim-al) [naso-; lacrima,
tear]. Pertaining to the nose and the lacrimal
apparatus, as the nasolacrimal duct.

nasolambdoidal (na-zo-lam-doi'-dal). Relating to
the nasal bones and the lambdoid suture, n. line.
See Poirier's line.

nasology (na-zol'-o-je). The study of noses.

nasomalar (na-zo-ma'-lar). Relating to the nose
and the malar bone.

nasomanometer (na-zo-man-om'-et-er). A mano-
meter supplied with tubes to introduce liquid into
the nostrils in order to test the permeability of the
nose.

nasooccipital (na-zo-ok-sip'-it-al). Pertaining to
the nose and theocciput.

nasopalatine (na-zo-paV -at-en) . i. . Pertaining to
both the nose and the palate, as the nasopalatine
nerve. 2. Giving passage to the nasopalatine nerve,
as the nasopalatine canal.

nasopalpebral (na-zo-pal'-pe-bral) . . Relating to the
nose and the eyelids.

nasopharyngeal (na-zo-far-in'-je-al) [nasopharynx],
Pertaining to both the nose and the pharynx or to
the nasopharynx.

nasopharyngitis (na-zo-far-in-ji'-tis) [nasopharynx;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the naso^
pharynx. Syn., rhinopharyngitis.

nasopharynx (na-zo-far'-inks) [naso-; <j>apvy£,
pharynx]. The space between the posterior nares
and a horizontal plane through the lower margin of
the soft palate.

nasorbital (na-zor'-bit-al). Nasal and orbital.

nasorostral (na-zo-ros'-tral). Relating to the nose
and the rostrum of the sphenoid bone.

nasoscope (na'-zo-skop). A rhinoscope.

nasoseptitis (na-zo-sep-ti'-tis). Inflammation of
the nasal septum.

nasosinuitis, nasosinusitis (na-zo-si-nu-i'-tis, na-zo-
si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of the nasal cavities and
accessory sinuses.

nasoturbinal (na-zo-tur '-bin-al) . Relating to- the
nose and the turbinal bone.

nasrol (naz'-rol). See symphorol.

nasta (nas'-tah) [vaaros, solid]. A fleshy tumor
of the neck about the shoulders.

nastin (nas'-tin). An oily solution obtained from
a streptothrix found in leprosy, which when com-
bined with benzoyl chloride has been used as a cure
for leprosy.

nasus (na'-sus) [L. : gen., nasi]. The nose. n.
aduncus, hook nose. n. cartilagineus, the carti-
laginous part of the nose. n. externus, the external
nose. n. incurvus, saddle-back nose. n. osseus,
the bony part of the nose. n. simus, pug nose.

nasute (na'-silt) [nasus, nose]. 1. Large-nosed.
2. Keen of scent.

natal (na'-tl) [natalis, from nasci, to be born].
Native; connected with one's birth.

natal (na'-tl) [natis, rump]. Gluteal; pertaining
to the nates.

Natal sore (na-taV) [Natal, a state in South
Africa]. See furunculus orientalis.

natality (na-tal'-it-e) [natalis, of birth]. In State
medicine and statistics, the birth-rate.

nataloin (na-tal'-o-in) [Natal, an African state;
aloin], C25H2SO11. The aloin derived from Natal
aloes.

natant (na'-tant) [natare, to swim]. Swimming or
floating on the surface of a liquid.

nates (na'-tez) [natis, the buttock]. The buttocks,
the gluteal region of the body. n. of brain, the an-
terior pair of the corpora quadrigemina,

natiform (nat'-if-orm) [nates, buttocks; forma,
form]. Buttock-shaped.

National Formulary (nash'-on-al for'-mu-lar-e).
A collection of formulas issued by the American
Pharmaceutical Association as a supplement to the
United States Pharmacopoeia.

native (na'-tiv) [nativus, born]. Of indigenous
origin or growth; occurring in its natural state; not

artificial, n. albumins, a class of proteins occurring
ready-formed in the tissues.

natrium (na'-tre-um). See sodium.

natron (na'-tron) [At., natriln, native sodium
carbonate]. 1. Native sodium carbonate. 2. Soda.
3. Sodium or potassium nitrate.

natural (nat'-u-ral) [natura, nature]. Pertaining
to nature. Not abnormal or artificial, n. history,
a term including a description of all the products
and phenomena of nature, but at present generally
restricted to the sciences of zoology and botany.
n. philosophy, the science treating of the physical
properties of matter at rest and in motion; now
usually called physics.

Nauheim treatment {now' -him) [Nauheim, a city
in Germany]. See Schott method (2).

naupathia (naw-pa'-the-ah) [vavs, ship; iraOos, sick-
ness]. Seasickness.

nausea (naw'-she-ah) [vavaia, sea-sickness]. Sick-
ness at the stomach, with inclination to vomit.
n., creatic, n., kreatic, morbid aversion to eating
animal food. n. gravidarum, the morning sickness
of pregnancy, n. marina, n. navalis, sea-sickness.

nauseant (naw' -she-ant) [nausea]. 1. Nauseating;
producing nausea. 2. Any agent that produces
nausea.

nauseating, nauseous (naw'-she-a-ting, naw'-she-us)
[nausea]. _ Producing nausea or loathing.

nausiosis (naw-se-o'-sis). 1. Nausea. 2. A venous
hemorrhage in which the flow is discharged by jets.

navel (na'-vel) [AS., nafela]. The umbilicus.
n.-string, the umbilical cord.

navicular (na-vik'-u-lar) [navicula, a little ship].
Boat-shaped, n. bone, the scaphoid bone of the
foot. n. fossa. 1. A depression between the vaginal
aperture and the fourchet. 2. A dilatation of the
urethra near the glans penis.

naviculare (na-vik-u-la'-re) [navicula]. The scaph-
oid bone. See bones, table of.

navicularthritis (na-vik-u-lar-thri'-tis). In veteri-
nary practice inflammation of the navicular bone
and contiguous tissues resulting in incomplete
extension of the joint, tumefaction of the hoof, and
pain.

naviculocuboid (na-vik-u-lo-ku'-boid). Relating to
the scaphoid and the cuboid bones.

naviculocuneiform (na-vik-u-lo-ku-ne'-e-form) . Re-
lating to the scaphoid and cuneiform bones.

naviculoid (nav-ik'-u-loid) [navicula, a small boat;
e!5os, like]. Scaphoid.

nazeptic wool (naz-ep'-tik). Trade name of a
preparation consisting of strands of absorbent cotton,
medicated with menthol, phenol, eucalyptol and
methyl salicylate, enclosed in a glass vial; it is said
to be useful for colds, catarrh, hay fever and nasal
irritation due to microorganisms or dust.

Nb. Chemical symbol for the element niobium.

Neapolitan fever (ne-ap-oV -it-an) . Malta or
Mediterranean fever. N. ointment, blue ointment;
mercurial ointment.

near-point. The punctum proximum, the point
nearest the eye at which an object can be seen dis-
tinctly, n., absolute, that near-point for either eye
alone at which no effort at accommodation is made.
n., relative, that near-point for both eyes at which
accommodation is brought into play.

near-sight. See myopia.

neathrosis (ne-ar-thro'-sis) [vkos, new; apdpov, a
joint]. A new and abnormally-produced articulation,
in the sequence of a fracture, dislocation, or disease
of the bone.

nebenkern (na' -ben-kern) [Ger. neben, near; kern,
nucleus]. See paranucleus.

nebula (neb'-u-lah) [L., a cloud or mist]. 1. A
faint, grayish opacity of the cornea. 2. A spray, a
liquid intended for use in an atomizer.

nebulization (neb-u-liz-a'-shun). Same as atomiza-
tion.

nebulize (neb'-u-liz) [nebula, a mist or spray].
To convert into a spray or vapor.

nebulizer (neb'-u-li-zer). See atomizer.

Necator americanus (ne-ka'-tor am-er-ik-a' '-nus) .
Same as Uncinaria Americana; hookworm.

neck (nek) [AS., hnecca]. The constricted portion
of the body connecting the head with the trunk;
also, the narrow portion of any structure serving to
join its parts. See also cervix, n., anatomical, the
constricted portion of the humerus, just below the
articular surface, serving for the attachment of the
capsular ligament, n. band, the cervical skin lesion

NECRECTOMY

597

NEEDLING

observed in pellagra, n.-berg, the vulgar name of the
cervical portion of the thymus gland of animals.
See heart-berg, n., cephalic, the constricted, neck-
like region lying between the quadrigeminum and
the thalami. Syn., isthmus prosencephali. n.,
Derbyshire. Synonym of goiter, n., Madelung's,
diffuse lipoma of the neck, n., Nithsdale, goiter.
n., surgical, the constricted part of the humerus just
below the tuberosities, n., wry-. Synonym of torti-
collis.

necrectomy (nek-rek'-to-me) [necro-; Iktop-v, ex-
cision]. The excision of the necrotic conductors of
sound in chronic purulent otitis media; in a more
general sense, any removal of necrosed material by a
cutting operation.

necremia, necraemia {nek-re' -me-ah) [veKpos, dead;
alua, blood]. Death of the blood; a condition marked
by loss of vitality in the corpuscles and a tendency
not to run together.

necrencephalus (nek-ren-sef'-al-us) [necro-; eyKk<*>-
a\os, brain]. Softening of the brain.

necro- (nek-ro-) [veKpos, dead]. A prefix signifying
death.

necrobacillosis (nek-ro-bas-il-o'-sis). A disease of
animals caused by Bacillus necrophorus.

necrobiosis (nek-ro-bi-o'-sis) [necro-; (iLos, life].
Molecular death of tissue.

necrobiotic (nek-ro-bi-ot'-ik) [necro-; Bios, life].
Pertaining to or causing necrobiosis.

necrocedia (nek-ro-se'-de-ah) [necro-; Ktjdos, care].
The processof embalming.

necrocomium (nek-ro-ko'-me-um) . See morgue.

necrocytosis (nek-ro-si-to'-sis) [necro-; kvtos, a
cell]. Death or loss of vitality of the cells.

necrocytotoxin (nek-ro-si-to-toks'-in). A toxin
produced by the death of cells.

necrodermatitis (nek-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [necro- ;
ikpixa, skin; iris, inflammation]. A gangrenous
inflammation of the skin.

necrodochium (nek-ro-do'-ke-um). See morgue.

neurogenic (nek-ro-jen'-ik) [necro-; yewa-v, to beget].
Originating from dead substances.

necrology (nek-roV -o-je) [necro-; \6yos, science].
Tabulated mortality statistics.

necromania (nek-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [necro-; navla,
madness]. I. A morbid desire for death or for the
presence of dead bodies. 2. See necrophilism.

necrometer (nek-rom'-et-er) [necro-; pkrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for weighing organs at an
autopsy.

necromimesis (nek-ro-mim-e'-sis) [necro-; nip.i)ais,
mimicry]. 1. The insane delusion of one who
believes himself to»be dead. 2. Simulation of death
by a deluded person.

necronectomy (nek-ron-ek' -to-me) [necro-; wto/xti,
excision]. The excision of a necrotic part — applied
especially to the excision of the necrotic ossicles of
the ear.

necroparasite (nek-ro-par'-as-U) [necro; parasite].
A saprophyte, q. v.

necrophagous (nek-rof -ag-us) [necro-; 4>ayelv, to
eat]. A term applied to those animals that feed on
dead or putrid flesh. Carrion-eaters.

necrophile (nek'-ro-fil) [necro-; 4>iheiv, to love].
One who violates dead bodies.

necrophilia (nek-ro-fil' '-e-ah) . 1. See necrophilism.
2. A longing for death.

necrophilism (nek-roff'-il-izm) [necro-; 4>CKelv, to
love]. A form of sexual perversion in which dead
bodies are violated; insane sexual desire for a corpse.

necrophilous (nek-rof -il-us). Subsisting on dead
matter.

necrophobia (nek-ro-fo'-be-ah) [necro-; <f>68os, fear].

1. Insane dread of dead bodies, or of phantoms.

2. Thanatophobia; extreme dread of death.
necropneumonia (nek-ro-nu-mo' -ne-ah) . Gangrene

of the lung.

necropsy (nek'-rop-se) [necro-; 61/as, sight]. The
examination of a dead body; autopsy; postmortem
examination.

necroscopic (nek-ro-skop'-ik) [necro-; trKoirelv, to
view]. Pertaining to necroscopy.

necroscopy (nek-ros'-ko-pe) [necro-; <jko-kHv, to
inspect]. Postmortem examination of the body.

necrose (nek-roz1) [venpos, dead]. To become
affected with necrosis; to cause necrosis.

necrosemiotic (nek-ro-sem-e-ot'-ik) [necro-; (nqixelov,
sign]. Serving as a sign of death.

necrosis (nek-ro'-sis) [i>&<p6s, dead]. The death
of cells surrounded by living tissue. Necrosis proper

refers to death in mass; necrobiosis to death of indi-
vidual cells. The dead tissue is called sequestrum in
case of bone, and sphacelus in case of soft parts.
In surgery the term necrosis is often applied speci-
fically to the death of bone, n., Balser's fatty.
See Balser's fat-necrosis, n., central, that in which
the internal portions of a bone are involved, n.,
cheesy, necrosis characterized by the formation of a
cheese-like material, n., coagulation-, n., coagula-
tive, a variety characterized by the formation of
fibrin, n., colliquative. See n., liquefactive. n.,
embolic, coagulation-necrosis in an anemic infarct
following embolism, n., endoglobular (of Maragliano
and Castellani), the degenerative decoloration of
erythrocytes, giving rise to shadow corpuscles,
"phantoms," or achromacytes. See achromacyte.
n., fat-, a type of necrosis following fatty degenera-
tion, reducing the entire structure to a fatty emulsion.
n. infantilis, cancrum oris, n., liquefactive, a process
analogous to coagulation-necrosis, bu% instead of
fibrin the peculiar reaction of fluids and cells gives
rise to the formation of a liquid, n., mercurial, a
necrosis of bones due to chronic poisoning with
mercury, n., moist, that in which the dead tissue
is moist and soft, n., phosphorus-, a necrosis of
bone, especially of the lower jaw, occurring in those
exposed to the fumes of phosphorus, n., superficial,
a necrosis in which the portion of bone just beneath
the periosteum is affected, n., total, a form in which
the bone through its entire thickness is necrotic,
n. ustilaginea, dry gangrene from ergotism.

necrosozoic (nek-ro-so-zo'-ik) [necro-; au^eiv, to
preserve]. Having power to preserve or to embalm.

necrospermia (nek-ro-sperm'-e-ah) [necro-; awkpp.a,
seed]. Impotence due to loss of motility in the
spermatozoa.

necrosteon (nek-ros' -te-on) [necro-; barkov, bone].
Necrosis of bone.

necrotic {nek-rot' -ik) [necrosis]. Pertaining to or
characterized by necrosis.

necrotomic (nek-ro-tom'-ik) [necro-; to/jltj, a cutting].
Pertaining to necrotomy.

necrotomy (nek-rof -o-me) [necro-; row, a cutting].
1. The dissection of a dead body. 2. The excision
of necrotic bone or other tissue.

nectandra (nek-tan' -dr ah) [vkurap, nectar; avr\p,
a male]. A tree of the order Laurinece. The bark
of Nectandra rodicei (nectandrce cortex, B. P.) contains
tannic acid, resin, sugar, albumin, various salts and
two alkaloids, beberine and sipirine. It is tonic,
astringent, and febrifuge, and has been used in
malarial fevers, but is not so good an antiperiodic
as cinchona. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.).
The root of N. cymbarum, of Brazil, is roborant;
the balsamic oil from the bark is tonic, antispasmodic,
diuretic, emmenagogue, and diaphoretic, and is
also applied to ulcers. N. pichury -major, and N.
pichury-minor, of Brazil, furnish seeds which are
used in diarrhea and dysentery; they contain fat, an
ethereal oil, and safrol.

nectareous (nek-ta'-re-us) [nectar]. Agreeable to
the taste.

nectary (nek'-tar-e) [vkKrap, nectar: pi., nectaries].
In biology, that part of a flower which secretes
nectar.

nectrianin (nek-tri'-an-in). A proposed remedy for
cancer, said to be an extractive of the fungus Nectria
ditissima, growing upon old trees.

needle (ne'-dl) [AS., ncedl]. A sharp-pointed steel
instrument used for sewing and for penetrating tissues
for the purpose of carrying a ligature through, n.,
aneurysm-, one fixed on a handle, and with the
eye at the point, especially adapted for ligating
vessels, n., cataract-, one for operating upon the
cataractous lens or its capsule, n., discission-, one
for insertion through the cornea, and breaking the
capsule and substance of the crystalline lens, n.,
exploring, a grooved, sharp-pointed rod introduced
into a cavity or a part for the purpose of determining
the presence of fluid, n., Hagedorn's, a flat suture
needle curved on its edge, with the eye perforating
the side, n.-holder, a handle for clasping a needle.
n., hypodermic, the fine, needle-pointed metallic
tube attached to the barrel of the hypodermatic
syringe, n., knife, one that has a sharp cutting-
edge; it is used in the discission of cataracts.

needling (ne'-dling) [needle]. The process of
lacerating a cataract with a needle, to afford entrance
to the aqueous humor and cause absorption of the
lens.

NEEF'S HAMMER

598

NEOSPORIDIA

Neef's hammer (naf). An automatic arrange-
ment for opening and breaking the current in an
inductorium.

nefrens (ne'-frenz) [ne, not; frendere, to gnash the
teeth]. Without teeth; edentate, whether nurslings
or aged persons. PI., nefrendes.
Neftel's disease. See atremia (2).
negative (neg'-at-iv) [negare, to deny]. 1. Deny-
ing; contradicting; opposing. 2. Of quantities, less
than nothing. 3. In physics, opposed to a quality
termed positive, n. accommodation, the absence of
active accommodation; the state of the eye at rest,
or when looking at an object at an infinite distance.
n. blood-pressure, pressure which is less than that
of the atmosphere. It exists in the large veins near
the heart, owing to the aspirating action of the
thorax, n. chemotaxis, the absence of the power of
attracting leukocytes and wandering cells, or their
actual repulsion, n. electricity, static or frictional
electricity, n. electrode, the electrode connected
with the negative pole of a battery, n. phase, the
temporary lessening of the amount of antitoxin in
the serum immediately following a second inoculation.
See opsonic index, n. pole, the pole of a source of
electricity to which the current returns after having
passed through a circuit outside of the source.
n. variation of the muscle-current, a diminution in
the strength of muscle-current during tetanic con-
traction.

negativism (neg'-at-iv-izm) [negare, to deny]. A
symptom observed in some cases of so-called catatonia
attonita, in which the patient exhibits no spontaneous
movements, although his muscles spontaneously
and powerfully antagonize any passive motion.

Negri bodies (na'-gre) [Luigi Negri, Italian physi-
cian]. Protozoon-like bodies found in the nerve-
cells of animals suffering from rabies.

negro lethargy {ne'-gro). The same as African
lethargy, q. v.

Neisseria (ni-se'-re-ah) [see Neisser's coccus].
A genus of diplococci characterized by their coffee-
bean shape, the flat sides being in apposition.

Neisser's coccus (ni'-ser) [Albert Ludwig Sieg-
mund Neisser, German physician, 1855-1912].
Micrococcus gonorrhoea.

Neisser's stain {ni'-ser) [Max Neisser, German
bacteriologist, 1869- ]. For the nuclei of diph-
theria bacilli. It consists of 2 parts of solution
(a) consisting of methylene blue 1 part, alcohol
20 parts, and one part of solution (b) consisting of
crystal violet 1 part, absolute alcohol 10 parts,
distilled water 300 parts. The after stain is made
with chrysoidin.

Nelaton's catheter (na-lah-ton(g)') [Auguste Nela-
ton, French surgeon, 1 807-1 873]. A soft -rubber
catheter. N.'s dislocation, upward dislocation of
the ankle, the astragalus being wedged in between the
tibia and fibula. N.'s fold, a transverse fold of mu-
cosa at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of
the rectum, about 10 to 11 centimeters above the
anus. N.'s hematocele, hematoma of the Fallopian
tube. N.'s line, a line drawn from the anterior
superior spine of the ilium to the most prominent
part of the tuberosity of the ischium; in dislocation
of the femur backward the trochanter is always
found above this line. N.'s operation. For amputa-
tion through the foot: subastragaloid disarticulation
by dorsal and plantar flaps, larger on the inner
than on the outer side. N.'s probe, one that is
capped with unglazed porcelain upon which a leaden
ball makes a metallic streak. N.'s sphincter, a
circular bundle of rectal muscular fibers situated
from 8 to 10 centimeters above the anus, on a level
with the prostate. It is not constant, and when
present it generally occupies only a part of the
circumference of the bowel. N.'s tumor, desmoid
tumor of the abdominal wall.

nelavan (nel'-av-an). See African lethargy.
nematachometer (nem-at-ak-om'-et-er) [vrjfia,
thread; t&xos, rapidity; nerpov, a measure]. An
instrument to measure the rapidity of transmission
of impulses in peripheral nerves.

nemathelminth (nem-ath-eV -minth) [vij/ia, thread;
fKiiivs, worm]. Any nematode worm. The nemathel-
minthes (the round-worms, or thread-worms), form
a class of vermes, many of which are endoparasitic.

nematoblast (nem'-at-o-blast) [vrjfia, thread; pXaorbs,
a germ]. A spermatoblast.

Nematoda (nem-at-o'-dah) [see Nematode]. A
genus of worms, the threadworms, some of which

are parasitic in man and the lower animals. The
most important of these are Anguillula, Ankylostoma,
Ascaris, Eustrongylus, Filaria, Oxyuris, Strongylus,
Trichina, Trichocephalus.

nematode (nem'-at-od) [vrj/xa, thread; elSoj, like].
1. Thread-like; belonging to or resembling the
Nematoda, or threadworms; applied to threadworms,
hairworms, roundworms, pinworms. 2. The threads
formed by a serial arrangement of the granules of
protoplasm.

nematoid (nem'-at-oid). See nematode (1).

nemomena (nem-o-me'-nah) [vepteadai, to devour;
to spread]. Perforating ulcers.

Nencki's test for indol [Marcellus von Nencki,
Polish physician, 1847-1901]. Treat with nitric
acid containing nitrous acid; a red coloration results,
and in concentrated solution a red precipitate may
form.

neo- [veos, new]. A prefix meaning new.

neoarsycodil (ne-o-ar-sik'-o-dil). Sodium methyl-
arsenite. It is used in tuberculosis. Dose ^-15 gr<
(0.02-0.1 Gm.) for five days, then omit for five days.

neoarthrosis (ne-o-ar-thro'-sis) [neo-; apdpov, a
joint]. A false joint.

neoblast (ne'-o-blast). See parablast.

neoblastic (ne-o-blas'-tik) [neo-; pXaaros, a germ].
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, new tissue.

neodermin (ne-o-der'-min). An ointment con-
taining difluordiphenyl ; used on burns and ulcerated
surfaces.

neodymium (ne-o-dim'-e-um) [neo- ; SiSvfios, _ a
twin]. According to Welsbach, a decomposition
product of didymium forming red salts.

neoferrum (ne-o-fer'-um). Trade name of a
preparation said to contain iron, arsenic, manganese,
maltine, and sherry.

neoformation {ne-o-form-a' -shun) . See new-growth.

neogala (ne-og'-al-ah) [neo-; yaKa, milk]. Same
as colostrum.

neogenesis {ne-o-jen'-e-sis) [neo-; yewav, to pro-
duce]. Regeneration of tissues.

neogenetic (ne-o-jen-et'-ik). Relating to neo-
genesis; productive of new growth, n. zone. See
under zone.

neohymen (ne-o-hi'-meri) [neo-; \>ht)v, membrane].
A new or false membrane.

neologism (ne-ol'-o-jizm) [neo-; \6yos, a word].
The utterance of meaningless words by the in-
sane.

neomembrane (ne-o-mem'-brdn). A new or false
membrane.

neomorphism (ne-o-mor'-fizm) [neo-; p.op<j>ri, form].
In biology, the development of a new form. :'

neon (ne'-on) [veos, new]. A gaseous element
discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1908; it is
associated with liquid argon.

neonatal (ne-o-na'-tal) [neo-; natus, born]. Per-
taining to the newborn.

neonatus (ne-on-a'-tus) [neo-; natus, born: gen. pl.r
neonatorum]. One newly born.

neopallium (ne-o-pal'-e-um) [neo-; pallium, cloak].
The cerebral hemisphere with the exception of the
rhinencephalon.

neopathy (ne-op'-ath-e) [neo-; irados, illness]. 1. A
new or newly-discovered form of disease. 2. A
recent complication or new condition of disease in a
patient.

neophilism (ne-off'-il-izm) [neo-; <t>t\elv, to love].
Morbid or undue love of novelty.

neophobia (ne-o-fo'-be-ah) [neo-; <f>6(ios, fear].
Insane dread of new scenes or of novelties.

neophrenia (ne-o-fren'-e-ah) [neo-; <j>pvv, mind].
Mental deterioration in early youth.

neoplasia (ne-o-pla'-ze-ah) [neo-; ir\a<r<rei.v, to
mold]. The formation of new tissue or of a tumor.

neoplasm (ne'-o-plazm). See newgrowth. n.»
inflammatory fungoid, mycosis fungoides.

neoplasmatic (ne-o-plaz-mat'-ik) [neo-; ir\a<r<reivr
to mold]. Of the nature of neoplasm; neoplastic.

neoplastic (ne-o-plas'-tik) [neoplasm]. Pertaining
to, or of the nature of, a neoplasm.

neoplasty (ne'-o-plas-te) [see neoplasm]. The
restoration of lost tissue by a plastic operation.

neosalvarsan (ne-o-sal'-var-san) [neo-; salvor san]r
A name given by Ehrlich to a modification of sal-
varsan; it forms a neutral solution in distilled water
without the aid of any other solvent. It is also
known a* 914. It is weaker than salvarsan, and so
needs to be given in larger quantities.

Neosporidia (ne-o-spo-rid' -e-ah) [neo-; airopcc.

NEOSTOMY

599

NEPHROHEMIA

seed]. A class of Sporozoa in which spores are formed
without terminating the existence of the individual.
4 ileostomy (ne-os'-to-me) [neo-; vrbpa, mouth].
The operative production of an opening into an
organ or between two organs.

nepenthe (ne-pen'-the) [yrjwei^ris, banishing sorrow].
Trade name of a deodorized preparation of opium.

nepeta (nep'-et-ah). Catnip or catmint, from
N. cateria; used for children when a carminative or
mild diaphoretic is indicated.

nephablepsia (nef-ab-lep'-se-ah) . See niphablepsia.

nephalism {nef -al-izm) [fij4>a\iap6s, soberness].
Total abstinence from spirituous or alcoholic liquors.

nephela (nef'-el-ah) [v&peK-q, cloud]. Leukoma;
also cloudiness of the urine.

nephelium {nef-e'-le-um). See nebula.

nepheloid {nef'-el-oid) [ve^eXr], cloud; e!5os, like].
Cloudy or turbid, as the urine under certain condi-
tions.

nephelometer (nef-el-om'-et-er) [v«j>e\rj, cloud;
ukrpov, measure]. An apparatus for ascertaining the
number of bacteria in a suspension, or the turbidity
of a fluid.

nephelometry {nef-el-om'-et-re). The determina-
tion of the degree of turbidity of a fluid.

nephelopia {nef-el-o'-pe-ah) [v&f>e\y, cloud; ty, eye].
Cloudy or dim vision, due to some diminution of the
transparency of the ocular media.

nephradenoma (nef-rad-en-o'-mah) [nephrus; 6.8riv,
gland; bpa, tumor; pi., nephradenomata]. Adenoma
of the kidney.

nephralgia {nef-ral'-je-ah) [nephrus; aXyos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the kidney.

nephralgic crises (nef-ral'-jik). Ureteral paroxysms
of pain in locomotor ataxia.

nephranuria {nef-ran-u'-re-ah) [nephrus; av, priv.;
ovpov, urine]. Suppression of the renal secretion.

nephrapostasis (nef-rap-os'-tas-is) [nephrus; avb-
araais, suppurative inflammation]. Abscess, or
suppurative inflammation, of the kidneys.

nephrapragmonia {nef -rap-rag-mo' -ne-aK) [nephrus;
a, priv.; irpayixuv, work]. Inactivity or torpidity of
the kidneys.

nephrarctia (nef-rark'-te-ak) [nephrus; arctus, from
arcere, to bind]. Contraction of the kidney.

nephratonia, nephratony {nef-rat-o'-ne-ah, nef-rat'-
on-e) [nephrus; A, priv.; twos, tone]. Atony or
paralysis of the kidneys.

nephrauxe {nef-raw'ks'-e) [nephrus; at^rj, increase].
Enlargement of the kidney.

nephrectasia {nef-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [nephrus; ecraffis,
dilatation]. Dilatation of a kidney.

nephrectomize {nef-rek'-to-mlz). To excise the
kidney from.

nephrectomy (nef-rek'-to-me) [nephrus; eKToprj,
excision]. Excision of the kidney, n., abdominal,
nephrectomy performed through an abdominal in-
cision, n., lumbar, nephrectomy through an incision
in the loin.

nephredema {nef-re-de'-mah) [nephrus; edema].
Edema of the kidneys.

nephrelcosis {nef-rel-ko'-sis) [nephrus; IXkoxtis,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the kidney.

nephrelcus (nef-rel'-kus) [nephrus; ekicos, an ulcer].
An ulcer of the kidney.

nephremia, nephraemia (nef-re'-me-ah) [nephrus;
alfia, blood]. Renal congestion.

nephremorrhagia {nef-rem-or-a'-je-ah) [nephrus;
alfia, blood; fn)yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage
from the kidney.

nephremphraxis (nef-rem-fraks'-is) [nephrus;

lAi^pofis, obstruction]. Obstruction of the vessels
of the kidneys.

nephresia (nef-re'-ze-ah) [ve<t>p6s, kidney]. Disease
of the kidney.

nephretic {nef -ret' -ik) [v«t>pbs, kidney]. Affected
with nephresia.

nephria (nef'-re-ah). See Bright' s disease.

nephric (nef'-rik) [nephrus]. Pertaining to the
kidney; renal.

nephridia {nef-rid' -e-ah). Plural of nephridium.

nephridion {nef-rid' -e-on) . Same as nephridium.

nephridium {nef-rid' -e-um) [dim. of v&f>p6s, kidney].
1. The fat about the kidneys. 2. The suprarenal
capsule. 3. A Wolffian tubule.

nephrin, nephrina {nef'-rin, nef-ri'-nah). See cystin.

nephrism {nef'-rizm) [nephrus]. The grave con-
dition of patients suffering from pronounced or
advanced disease of the kidney.

nephritic {nef-rit'-ik) [see nephritis]. 1. Pertaining

to nephritis. 2. Improperly, pertaining to the kid-
ney; the correct term is nephric.

nephritides {nef-rW -id-ez) . The plural of neph-
ritis; a term embracing the various forms of nephritis.

nephritis {nef-ri'-tis) [nephrus; ms, inflammation].
Inflammation of the kidney, n. caseosa, cheesy
degeneration of the kidney, n., diffuse, that in-
volving both epithelial and connective-tissue elements
of the kidney, n., glomerular, glomerulonephritis.
n., interstitial, that involving the connective tissue
chiefly; it may be acute or chronic, n., interstitial,
acute, a form due to septic infection either through
the blood, as in pyemia, or through extension along
the ureter or from neighboring structures, n.,
interstitial, chronic, a form in which the kidney
is small and hard, the capsule is adherent, the surface
is granular and marked by cysts. The cortex is
diminished in thickness. Syn., granular or gouty
kidney, n., metastatic, that secondary to disease of
another organ, n., parenchymatous, a form in
which the inflammation affects the epithelium of the
uriniferous tubules. Syn., catarrhal nephritis; de-
squamative nephritis; tubular nephritis, n., paren-
chymatous, acute, a form in which the kidney is
enlarged, congested, its structural markings are
obscured, the epithelium is in a state of cloudy
swelling or fatty degeneration, and many tubules
contain casts; in others the epithelium is desquam-
ated. Syn., acute Bright's disease, n., parenchy-
matous, chronic, a variety in which the kidney is
enlarged, pale or yellow, and soft; the epithelium
presents an advanced stage of fatty degeneration.
Casts are often present. Syn., large white kidney.
n., saturnine, that due to chronic lead-poisoning.
n., scarlatinal, an acute nephritis due to scarlatina.
n., tubal, inflammation of the renal tubes, n.,
tuberculous, that due to the presence of tubercle
bacilli. It presents itself either in the form of
caseating masses or cavities in the substance of the
kidney, or as miliary tuberculosis of the organ, n.,
typhoid. See nephrotyphus. n. uratica, gouty
kidney, partial or more diffuse interstitial nephritis
in arthritic subjects, due to deposition of urates.

nephro- {nef-ro-) [nephrus], A prefix meaning
pertaining to the kidney.

nephroabdominal {nef-ro-ab-dom'-in-aT) [nephro- ;
abdomen]. Pertaining to the kidneys and the
abdomen.

nephrocapsectomy, nephrocapsulectomy {nef-ro-
kap-sek'-to-me, nef-ro-kap-su-lek'-to-me) [nephro-; cap-
sula, capsule; hcTop.ii, excision]. Excision of the
capsule of the kidney.

nephrocapsulotomy {nef-ro-kap-su-lot'-om-e). In-
cision of the renal capsule.

nephrocardiac {nef-ro-kar' -de-ak) [nephro-; Kapbla,
heart]. Pertaining to the kidney and the heart.

nephrocele {nef -ro-seV) [nephro-; kti\v, hernia].
Hernia of the kidney.

nephrochalazosis {nef-ro-kal-az-o'-sis) [nephro- ;
xaXdfcoi', nodule]. Granular kidney.

nephrocolica {nef-ro-kol'-ik-ah) [nephro-; koKuuk,
colic] Renal colic.

nephrocolopexy {nef-ro-kol'-o-peks-e) [nephro-;
k6\ov, colon; -jr^u, fixation]. The surgical anchoring
of the kidney and colon by means of the nephrocolic
ligament.

nephrocoloptosis {nef-ro-ko-lop-to'-sis)^ [nephro- ;
k6\oi>, colon; 7r7wis, fall]. Downward displacement
of the kidney and colon.

nephrocystanastomosis {nef-ro-sist-an-as-to-mo'-
sis) [nephro-; kvo-tls, bladder; avaaropwats, an open-
ing]. The surgical formation of an opening between
the kidney and the urinary bladder.

nephrocystitis {nef-ro-sis-ti'-tis) [nephro-; nharis,
bladder; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of both
bladder and kidney.

nephrocystosis {nef-ro-sis-to'-sis) [nephro-; kvo-tis,
cyst]. The condition of cystic kidney, or its forma-
tion.

nephroerysipelas {nef-ro-er-is-ip'-el-as). Simul-
taneous erysipelas and nephritis.

nephrogenic, nephrogenetic {nef-ro-jen'-ik, nef-ro-
jen-et'-ik) [nephro-; yewav, to produce]. Of renal
origin.

nephrogenous {nef-roj'-en-us) [nephro-; ytwav, to
beget]. Of renal origin.

nephrography {nef-rog'-ra-fe) [nephro-; ypafaiv, to
write]. A description of the kidneys.

nephrohemia, nephrohaemia {nef-ro-he'-me-ah). See
nephremia.

NEPHROHYDROPS

600

NERVE

nephrohydrops, nephrydrosis (nef-ro-hi1 '-drops, nef-
rid-ro' -sis) . See hydronephrosis.

nephrohypertrophy {nef-ro-hi-pur' -tro-fe) [nephro-;
virkp, over; rpo<j>-h, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the
kidney.

nephroid (nef'-roid) [nephro-; elSos, form]. Kidney-
shaped; reniform; resembling a kidney.

nephrolith (nef'-ro-lith) [nephro-; \iOos, a stone].
A calculus of the kidney.

nephrolithiasis (nef-ro-lith-i'-as-is) [nephro-; lithi-
asis]. The formation of renal calculi, or the diseased
state that leads to their formation.

nephrolithic (nef-ro-lith'-ik) [nephro-; \L9os, stone].
Pertaining to, or affected with, a nephrolith.

nephrolithocolica (nef-ro-lith-o-kol'-ik-ah) [nephro-;
Xi'0os, stone; kwXikos, colic]. Renal colic due to stone.

nephrolithotomy (nef-ro-lith-ot'-o-me) [nephro- ;
lithotomy]. An incision of the kidney for the removal
of a calculus.

nephrologist (nef-roV -o-jist) [nephro-; X670S, sci-
ence]. A specialist in renal diseases.

nephrology (nef-rol'-o-je) [nephro-; \6yos, science].
The science of the anatomy, physiology, and diseases
of the kidney.

nephrolysin (nef-roV -is-in) [nephro-; Xvav, to loosen].
A toxic substance capable of disintegrating kidney
•cells.

nephrolysis {nef-rol'-is-is) [nephro-; \veiv, to loosen].
1. The disintegration of the kidney by the action of a
nephrolysin. 2. The operation of loosening an in-
flamed kidney from surrounding adhesions.

nephrolytic {nef-ro-lit'-ik). Pertaining to nephrol-
ysis.

nephromalacia (nef-ro-mal-a'-se-ah) [nephro-; p,a\-
aula, softness]. Softening, or abnormal softness, of
the kidney.

nephromegalia (nef-ro-meg-a'-le-ah) [nephro-; p.ky as,
large]. Same as nephrauxe.

nephromegaly (nef-ro-meg'-al-e). See nephro-
megalia.

nephromere (nef'-ro-mer) [nephro-; p.epos, part].
The part of the mesoblast from which the kidney is
developed.

nephromiosis, nephromeiosis (nef-ro-mi-o'-sis)
{nephro-; pdw, less]. Contraction of the kidney.

nephroncus (nef-rong'-kus) [nephro-; ojkos, tumor].
Tumor of the kidney.

nephroparalysis (nef-ro-par-al'-is-is) [nephro-; par-
alysis]. Paralysis of the kidney.

nephroparesis (nef-ro-par'-es-is) [nephro-; paresis].
Same as nephroparalysis.

nephropathy (nef-rop'-ath-e) [nephro-; vaBos, dis-
ease]. Any disease of the kidney.

nephropexy (nef-ro-peks-e) [nephro-; irij£is, fixa-
tion]. Surgical fixation of a floating kidney.

nephrophthisis (nef-rof -this-is) [nephro-; phthisis].
Cheesy degeneration of the kidney; it is due to the
presence of the tubercle bacillus.

nephroplegia (nef-ro-ple'-je-ah) [nephro-; irXrjyr),
stroke]. Paralysis of the kidney.

nephrophlegmasia (nef-ro-fteg-ma' -ze-ah) [nephro- ;
<f>\eyfj.aaia, inflammation]. Any inflammation of the
kidney.

nephropoietin (nef-ro-poi' -et-in) [nephro-; iroielv,
to make]. A substance supposed to stimulate
growth of renal tissue.

nephroptosis, nephroptosia (nef-rop-to'-sis, nef-rop-
to'-se-ah) [nephro-; irrv<ns, a falling]. Prolapse of
the kidney.

nephropyelitis (nef-ro-pi-el-i'-tis) [nephro-; Pye-
litis]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney;
pyelonephritis.

nephropyic (nef-ro-pi'-ik) [nephro-; ttvov, pus].
Relating to suppuration of the kidney.

nephropyosis {nef-ro-pi-o'-sis). Same as pyone-
phrosis.

nephrorrhagia {nef-ror-a'-je-ah) [nephro-; fayvbvou.,
to burst forth]. Renal hemorrhage.

nephrorrhaphy (nef-ror'-a-fe) [nephro-; pa<pr), su-
ture]. The stitching of a floating kidney to the
posterior wall of the abdomen or to the loin.

nephros (nef'-ros) [ve<j>p6s, kidney]. The kidney.

nephrosclerosis (nef-ro-skle-ro'-sis) [nephro-; <tk\ii-
p6s, hard]. Induration of the kidney.

nephrosis (nef-ro'-sis) [nephrus]. Any renal disease.

nephrospasis, nephrospasia (nef-ro-spa'-sis, nef-
ro-spa'-se-ah) [nephro-; tnrav, to draw]. Extreme
renal mobility in which the organ hangs by its
pedicle, thus straining the contained vessels and

nephrospastic (nef-ro-spas'-tik) [nephro-; a-wo-v,
to wrench]. Pertaining to spasm of the kidney.

nephrostegnosis (nef-ro-steg-no'-sis) [nephro-; arey-
vqw, to cover]. A cirrhotic condition of the kidney.

nephrostome, nephrostoma (nef'-ros-tom, nef-ros-
to'-mah) [nephro-; <rr6p.a, a mouth]. The internal
mouth of a Wolffian tubule.

nephrostomy (nef-ros'-to-me) [see nephrostome].
The formation of a fistula leading to the pelvis of the
kidney.

nephrotome (nef'-ro-tom) [nephro-; r6p,os, a slice].
An embryonic structure from which the excretory
ducts of the kidneys are developed; nephromere.

nephrotomy (nef-rof -o-me) [nephro-; rop.\, a cut-
ting]. Incision of the kidney, n., abdominal, one
through an abdominal incision, n., lumbar, one
through an incision in the loin.

nephrotoxic (nef-ro-tok'-sik). 1. Pertaining to
nephrotoxin. 2. Destructive to the kidney cells;
nephrolytic.

nephrotoxin (nef-ro-toks' -in) [nephro-; to£ik6v, a
poison]. A cy to toxin which has a specific action on
the cells of the kidney.

nephrotriesis (nef-ro-tri-e'-sis) [nephro-; Tpirjais,
piercing]. The operation of establishing a perma-
nent opening in the kidney and suturing the edges of
the kidney incision to the edges of the external inci-
sion.

nephrotuberculosis (nef-ro-tu-ber-ku-W -sis) . See
nephrophthisis.^

nephrotyphoid (nef-ro-ti'-foid) [nephro-; typhoid].
Enteric fever with prominent renal complications.

nephrotyphus (nef-ro-ti'-fus) [nephro-; typhus].
Typhus fever with renal hemorrhage.

nephroureterectomy (nef-ro-u-re-ter-ek'-to-me)

[nephro-; ureterectomy]. The excision of the kidney
and whole ureter at one operation.

nephrozymase (nef-ro-zi'-mas) [nephro-; $vnv>
leaven]. A gum resembling diastase sometimes found
in urine.

nephrozymosis (nef-ro-zi-mo'-sis) [nephro-; zymo-
sis]. The condition due to or favoring zymotic
disease of the kidney.

nephrus (nef'-rus) r[ve<f>p6s]. The kidney.

nephrydrops, nephrydrosis (nef'-rid-rops, nef-rid-
ro'-sis). See hydronephrosis, n., subcapsular, a
large collection of urine between the kidney and its
capsule.

nephrydrotic (nef-rid-rot'-ik). Relating to nephry-
drosis.

nerianthin, neriantin (ne-re-an'-thin, -tin). A
crystalline glucoside obtained from the leaves of
Nerium oleander.

neriin (ne'-ri-in). A glucoside from the leaves of
Nerium oleander, apparently identical with digitalein.
It is used as a heart stimulant and tonic.

neriodorein (ne-re-o-do'-re-in). Same as neriin.

Nerium (ne'-re-um) [vqpiov, oleander]. The leaves
and bark of N. oleander. The extractive principles
exert a marked influence on the motor centers, in
large doses producing paralysis and heart failure.
In small doses they act as a cardiac tonic, resembling
digitalis. Dose of the extract \-\ gr. (0.02-0.04 Gm.).
The tincture may be given cautiously in one-drop
doses, gradually increased.

Nernst lamp (nairnst) [Walther Nernst, German
physicist, 1864- ]. An incandescent electric
lamp in which there are rods or filaments of metallic
oxides.

neroli (ner'-o-le) [Fr.]. Oil of orange-flowers.

nerval (ner'-val) [nervus, a nerve]. Pertaining to
a nerve or nerves.

nerve, nervus (nerv, ner'-vus) [nervus, nerve].
An elongated, cord-like structure made up of aggre-
gations of nerve-fibers and having the property of
transmitting nervous impulses, n., accelerator, the
cardiac sympathetic nerve, stimulation of which
causes acceleration of the heart's action, n., affer-
ent, one that transmits impulses from the periphery
to the central nervous system, n.-bulb. See end-
bud and motorial end-plate, n.-bulb, terminal.
See Krause's corpuscles, n.s, bulbous, amputation
neuromata, round growths which form on the di-
vided extremities of the nerves in the stumps left
after amputation, n., calorific, a nerve stimulation
of which increases the heat of the parts to which it is
distributed, n.-cavity, the pulp cavity of a tooth,
n.-cell, a mass of protoplasm containing a large vesi-
cular nucleus within which lies a well-marked nucle-
olus. Nerve-cells have one or more elongated pro-

NERVE

601

NERVE

cesses, and in accordance with the number of these
are designated unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar. The
processes are of two kinds: the axis-cylinder process
and the protoplasmic processes. The axis-cylinder
(Betters') process either becomes an axis-cylinder of a
nerve-fiber, or divides within the gray matter into
delicate filaments; it gives off minute branches
termed collaterals; the other processes are supposed
to have nutritive and conducting functions, n.-
center, a group of nerve-cells acting together in the
performance of a function, n., centrifugal. See
«., efferent, n., centripetal. See n., afferent, n.-
corpuscles. i. Same as nerve-cells, q. v. 2. Nucle-
ated corpuscles lying between the neurilemma and
the medullary sheath of medullated nerve-fibers.
n., cranial, a nerve arising directly from the brain
and making its exit through a foramen in the skull.
n., depressor, an afferent nerve, irritation of which
depresses or inhibits the vasomotor center, n.,
efferent, one carrying impulses from the central
nervous system to the periphery, n.-endings, the
terminations of nerves at the periphery or in the
nerve-centers, n., esodic, an afferent or centripetal
nerve, n., exodic, an efferent or centrifugal nerve.
n. of expression, the facial nerve, n.-fiber, a fiber
having the property of conducting invisible or
molecular waves of stimulation from one part of an
organism to another, and so establishing physiological
continuity between such parts without the necessary
passage of waves of contraction. There are two
kinds of nerve-fibers: the medullated, or myelinic,
and the nonmedullated, or amyelinic. A typical
medullated fiber consists of the axis-cylinder, which
may be surrounded by a sheath, the axilemma; the
medullary sheath, or white substance of Schwann;
the neurilemma, or sheath of Schwann. The non-
medullated, pale, or Remak's fibers do not possess a
medullary sheath, but consist only of axis-cylinder
and neurilemma. The nerve-corpuscles are more
abundant than in medullated nerve-fibers. Medul-
lated nerve-fibers are found in the cerebrospinal
nerves, while nonmedullated fibers occur in the sym-
pathetic nerves and tend to form plexuses, n.,
frigorific, a sympathetic nerve stimulation of which
causes a fall of temperature; the vasoconstrictor
nerves are frigorific nerves, n.-grafting, the trans-
planting of a portion of healthy nerve from an
animal to man, to reestablish the continuity of
a divided nerve. Syn., neuroplasty. n.-head, the
optic disc or papilla, n. hillock, a slight elevation
observed where a nerve-fiber enters a muscle, n.,
inhibitory, one the stimulation of which inhibits
or lessens the activity of an organ. n., mixed,
one made up of both afferent and efferent fibers.
n., motor, one containing only or chiefly motor
fibers, n.-papillse, papilla? of the skin containing
tactile corpuscles, nervous plexuses, or Krause's
corpuscles and sometimes blood-vessels, n.-plexus,
a grouping of nerves. n., pressor, an afferent
nerve, irritation of which stimulates the vasomotor
center. n.-process, the axis-cylinder process
of a neuron. n., secretory, an efferent nerve,
stimulation of which causes increased activity of
the gland to which it is distributed, n., sensory.
Same as n., afferent, n., spinal, one of those arising
from the spinal cord and making its exit through an
intervertebral foramen. There are 31 pairs of
spinal nerves, n.-stonn, a sudden outburst or
paroxysm of nervous disturbance, n.-stretching,
mechanical elongation or tension of a nerve for the
relief of neuralgia, spasmodic contraction, and other
pathological conditions. n., sympathetic, one of a
system of nerves distributed chiefly to the blood-
vessels and to the viscera. See sympathetic, n.,
thermic. Same as n., calorific, n.-tire, neurasthenia.
n.-tree, a neurodendrite, n., trisplanchnic, the
system of sympathetic nerves, n., trophic, a nerve,
the function of which is to preside over the nutrition
of the part to which it is distributed, n. tumor,
a neuroma. n.-unit, a neuron, n., vasoconstrictor,
See n., vasomotor, n., vasodilator. See n., vaso-.
motor, n., vasomotor, any one of the nerves con-
trolling the caliber of the blood-vessels; they are of
two kinds — those stimulation of which causes con-
traction of the vessels — vasoconstrictor nerves — and
those stimulation of which causes active dilation —
vasodilator nerves. Ordinarily vasomotor is synony-
mous with vasoconstrictor. TABLE OF NERVES
(ALPHABETICAL) : abdominal, function, sensation
and motion; origin, vagus; distribution, surface

of stomach, abducens (sixth cranial), function,
motion; origin, fourth ventricle; distribution, external
rectus of eye. accessorius. See spinal accessory in
this table, accessory. See spinal accessory (eleventh
cranial) in this table, acusticus, the auditory nerve,
ambulatorius, the vagus, ampullares, branches of
the vestibular nerve distributed to the ampullae of
the semicircular canals. Arnold's. See auricular in
this table, articular, function, trophic, sensory (?);
origin, anterior crural; distribution, knee-joint; branch-
es, capsular, synovial, articular (two), function,
trophic, sensory (?); origin, ulnar; distribution, elbow-
joint, aschianus, the first cervical nerve, auditory
(eighth cranial; portio mollis of seventh), function,
hearing; origin, restiform body; distribution, internal
ear; branches, vestibular, cochlear, auricular, func-
tion, sensation; origin, lesser occipital; distribution,
integument of posterior and upper portion of pinna.
auricular (Arnold's), function, sensation; origin,
vagus; distribution, external ear. auricular (an-
terior), function, sensation; origin, inferior maxillary;
distribution, integument of external ear. auricular
(posterior), function, motion; origin, facial; distribu-
tion, retrahens aurem, attollens aurem, occipito-
frontalis; branches, auricular, occipital, auricularis
magnus, function, sensation; origin, cervical plexus,
second and third cervical; distribution, parotid gland,
face, ear; branches, facial, mastoid, and auricular,
auricularis profundus, the posterior auricular nerve,
auriculotemporal, function, sensation; origin, inferior
maxillary; distribution, pinna and temple; branches,
articular, two branches to meatus, parotid, anterior
auricular, superficial temporal, axillary. See cir-
cumflex in this table. Bell's respiratory, the long
thoracic nerve, bigeminus, biradiatus, the second
sacral nerve, buccal, function, motion; origin, facial;
distribution, buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles.
buccal, long, function, sensation, motion (?); origin,
inferior maxillary; distribution, cheek; branches,
superior and inferior buccinator and external ptery-
goid, buccinator. See buccal, long, in this table.
calcanean, internal, function, sensation; origin, pos-
terior tibial; distribution, fascia and integument
of heel and sole, cardiac (cervical and thoracic),
function, inhibition; origin, vagus; distribution,
heart; branches, to cardiac plexuses. Casser's.
See perforating and musculocutaneous in this table.
cervical (eight), function, motion and sensation;
origin, cord; distribution, trunk and. the upper ex-
tremities; branches, anterior and posterior divisions.
cervical, first (anterior division), function, motion
and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, rectus later-
alis and two anterior recti; branches, filaments to
vagus, hypoglossal, sympathetic, cervical, first
(posterior division), function, motion and sensation;
origin, cord; distribution, recti, obliqui, complexus;
branches, communicating and cutaneous filaments.
cervical, second (anterior division), function, motion
and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, communi-
cating; branches, ascending, descending, communi-
cating, cervical, second (posterior division), func-
tion, motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribution,
obliquus inferior, scalp, ear, complexus, splenius,
trachelomastoid ; branches, internal or occipitalis
major, and external, cervical, third (anterior di-
vision), function, motion and sensation; origin, cord;
distribution, communicating; branches, ascending,
descending, and communicating filaments, cervical,
third (posterior division), function, motion and
sensation; origin, cord; distribution, occiput, splenius,
complexus; branches, internal and external, cervical,
fourth (anterior division), function, motion and
sensation; origin, cord; distribution, shoulder;
branches, communicating filaments, muscular, etc.
cervicals, fifth to eighth (anterior divisions), function,
motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribuiiont
brachial plexus; branches, communicating, cervicals,
fourth to eighth (posterior divisions), function, motion
and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, muscles
and skin of neck; branches, internal and external
branches, cervicofacial, function, motion; origin,
facial; distribution, lower part of face and part of neck;
branches, buccal, supramaxillary, inframaxillary.
chorda tympani, function, motion and taste; origin,
facial; distribution, tongue, tympanum, submaxillary
gland, ciliary, function, sensation, nutrition, motion;
origin, ciliary ganglion; distribution, eyeball, circum-
flex, function, motion and sensation; origin, brachial
plexus; distribution, teres minor, deltoid, and skin;
branches, anterior, posterior, and articular, clunium.

NERVE

602

NERVE

inferior medialis. See cutaneous, perforating in this
table, coccygeal, function, motion; origin, coccygeal
plexus; distribution, coccygeus and gluteus maximus.
cochlear, function, hearing; origin, auditory; distri-
bution, cochlea, colli superficialis, function, sensa-
tion; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, platysma
myoides and anterolateral parts of neck; branches,
cscending and descending branches, communicans
aervicalis. See communicans noni or hypoglossi in
this table, communicans noni, or hypoglossi, func-
tion, motion and sensation; origin, second cervical,
third cervical; distribution, descendens noni, depressor
muscles of hyoid bone; branches, omohyoid, ansa
hypoglossi. communicans peronei. See peroneal,
communicating in this table, communicating, func-
tion, motion and sensation; origin, cervical plexus;
distribution, spinal accessory, communicating, func-
tion, sensation and motion; origin, first and second
cervical; distribution, vagus, hypoglossal, sympa-
thetic, of Cotunnius. See nasopalatine in this
table, crural, function, sensation; origin, geni to-
crural; distribution, shin, upper and central part
anterior aspect of thigh, crural, anterior, function,
motion and sensation; origin, lumbar plexus, second,
third, and fourth lumbar nerves; distribution, thigh;
branches, middle and internal cutaneous, long saphe-
nous, muscular, articular, cubitalis, the ulnar nerve.
cutaneous, function, sensation; origin, musculo-
spiral; distribution, skin of arm, radial side of fore-
arm ; branches, one internal, two external, cutaneous,
function, sensation; origin, ulnar; distribution, wrist
and palm; branches, first and palmar cutaneous.
cutaneous (cervical). See colli, superficialis in this
table, cutaneous colli. See colli, superficialis in
this table, cutaneous, dorsal, function, sensation;
origin, ulnar; distribution, little and ring fingers;
branches, communicating, cutaneous, external, func-
tion, sensation; origin, second and third lumbar;
distribution, skin of thigh; branches, anterior and
posterior, cutaneous, internal, function, sensation;
origin, brachial plexus; distribution, forearm; branches,
anterior and posterior branches, cutaneous, lesser
internal or medial (of Wrisberg), function, sensation;
origin, brachial plexus; distribution, inner side of
arm. cutaneous, middle and internal, function,
sensation, motion (?); origin, anterior crural; distri-
bution, skin of thigh; branches, communicating.
cutaneous, perforating, function, sensation; origin,
fourth sacral;, distribution, integument covering
gluteus maximus. Cyon's. See depressor in this
table, dental, inferior or mandibular, function,
sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution,
teeth, muscles; branches^ mylohyoid, incisor, mental,
dental, dentals, anterior and posterior, function,
sensation; origin, superior maxillary; distribution,
teeth, depressor, function, lowering of the blood-
pressure; origin, in the rabbit, from the vagus;
distribution, heart, descendens hypoglossi, function,
motor; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, omohyoid,
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, geniohyoid,
hyoglossus, and muscles of the tongue; branches,
muscular, lingual, descendens noni. See descendens
hypoglossi in this table, digastric, function, motion;
origin, facial; distribution, posterior belly of digastric.
dorsal, 12 (anterior and posterior divisions), function,
motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribution,
muscles and skin of trunk; branches, external, in-
ternal, cutaneous, dorsal (of penis), sensation;
origin, pudic; distribution, penis, dorsospinal, the
dorsal spinal nerves. See spinal in this table.
erigentes, excitor or vasodilator nerves of the penis;
derived from the first and second and sometimes
from the third sacral nerves. They have their origin
in the sexual center of the spinal cord, esophageal,
function, motion; origin, vagus; distribution, mucous
and muscular coats of esophagus; branches, esophageal
plexus, external motor (of the eye). See abducens
in this table, facial, function, sensation; origin,
great auricular; distribution, skin over parotid.
facial {seventh cranial, portio dura), function, motion;
origin, floor of fourth ventricle; distribution, face,
ear, palate, tongue; branches, petrosals, tympanic,
chorda tympani, communicating, posterior auricular,
digastric, stylohyoid, lingual, temporal, malar, infra-
orbital, buccal, superior and inferior maxillary.
femoral. See crural {anterior) in this table, femoral,
posterior cutaneous. See sciatic, small in this table.
fibular communicating. See peroneal communicating
in this table, fourth, the trochlear nerve, frontal,
function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribution,

forehead and eyelids; branches, supraorbital, supra-
trochlear, furcal, the fourth lumbar nerve, gastric,
function, motion; origin, vagus; distribution, stomach.
genital, function, motion and sensation; origin,
genitocrural; distribution, cremaster muscle, genito-
crural, function, motion and sensation; origin, first
and second lumbar; distribution, cremaster and
thigh; branches, genital, crural, communicating.
genitofemoral. See genitocrural in this table.
glossopharyngeal {ninth cranial), function, sensation
and taste; origin, fourth ventricle; distribution,
tongue, middle ear, tonsils, pharynx, meninges;
branches, tympanic, carotid, pharyngeal, muscular,
tonsillar, lingual, gluteal, inferior, function, motion;
origin, sacral plexus (second and third sacral nerves) ;
distribution, gluteus maximus. gluteal, superior,
function, motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution,
glutei, tensor vaginae femoris. gustatory. See
lingual in this table, hemorrhoidal, inferior, func-
tion, sensation and motion; origin, pudic; distribution,
external sphincter ani and adjacent integument.
hepatic, function (?); origin, vagus; distribution,
liver; branches, hepatic plexus. Hirschf eld's, func-
tion, motion; origin, facial; distribution, styloglossus
and palatoglossus, hypogastric, function, sensation;
origin, iliohypogastric; distribution, skin about ex-
ternal abdominal ring, hypoglossal {twelfth crani-
al), function, motion; origin, floor of fourth ventricle;
distribution, hypoglossus and hyoid muscles; branches,
descendens noni or hypoglossi, muscular, thyro-
hyoid, geniohyoid, and meningeal, iliac, function,
sensation; origin, iliohypogastric; distribution, integu-
ment covering fore part of gluteal region, iliac,
function, sensation; origin, last dorsal; distribution,
integument covering forepart of gluteal region.
iliohypogastric, function, motion and sensation;
origin, first lumbar; distribution, abdominal and
gluteal regions; branches, iliac, hypogastric, com-
municating, ilioinguinal, function, motion and
sensation; origin, first lumbar; distribution, inguinal
region and scrotum; branches, muscular, cutaneous,
and communicating, incisive, function, sensation;
origin, inferior dental; distribution, canine and incisor
teeth and corresponding portion of gums, inferior
medial of the buttock. See cutaneous, perforating,
in this table, inframandibular. See inframaxillary
in this table, inframaxillary, function, motion;
origin, facial; distribution, platysma myoides. infra-
orbital, function, sensation and motion; origin, facial;
distribution, nose and lip; branches, palpebral, nasal,
labial, infratrochlear, function, sensation; origin,
nasal; distribution, skin and conjunctiva of inner
part of eye, lacrimal sac. intercostal, function,
motion and sensation; origin, spinal cord; distribu-
tion, muscles and integument of thorax; branches,
muscular, anterior and lateral cutaneous, inter-
costobrachialis. See inter costohumeral in this table.
intercostohumeral, function, sensation; origin, second
intercostal; distribution, integument of upper two-
thirds of inner and posterior part of arm. interos-
seous, anterior, function, motion; origin, median;
distribution, deep muscles of forearm, interosseous,
posterior, function, motion and sensation; origin,
musculospiral ; distribution, carpus and radial and
posterior brachial regions, ischiadic, the great
sciatic nerve. Jacobson's. See tympanic {Jacob-
son's nerve) in this table, labial, function, motion
and sensation; origin, superior maxillary; distribution,
muscles and mucous membrane of lips, lacrimal,
function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribution,
lacrimal gland and conjunctiva, of Lancisi, longi-
tudinal striations on upper surface of corpus callosum.
laryngeal, recurrent or inferior, function, motion;
origin, vagus; distribution, larynx; branches, to all
laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid, laryngeal,
superior, function, sensation and motion; origin,
vagus; distribution, larynx; branches, external —
cricothyroid muscle and thyroid gland; internal —
mucous membrane of larynx, lingual, function,
motion and sensation; origin, facial; distribution,
mucous membrane of tongue, palatoglossus and
styloglossus muscles, lingual, function, sensation;
origin, glossopharyngeal; distribution, circumvallate
papillae and glands of tongue, lingual, function,
taste and sensation; origin, inferior maxillary;
distribution, tongue and mouth, lumbar (5) , function,
motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribution,
lumbar and genital regions; branches, anterior and
posterior divisions, lumbar plexus, malar (or
zygomatic), function, motion; origin, facial; distri-

NERVE

603

NERVE

button, lower part of orbicularis palpebrarum and
■eyelids, malar (or zygomatico-f acialis) , function,
sensation; origin, orbital; distribution, skin over malar
bone, mandibular. See maxillary, inferior, in this
table, masseteric, function, motor; origin, inferior
maxillary; distribution, masseter muscle (and tem-
poral?), masticatorius, masticatory, originates
chiefly in the motor nucleus in the pons, but receives
an accession of fibers from a nucleus lying beneath
and lateral to the mesocele. It innervates the
muscles of mastication, mastoid, function, sensa-
tion; origin, great auricular; distribution, skin over
mastoid process, mastoid, function, motion; origin,
lesser occipital; distribution, skin over mastoid
process, maxillary. See maxillary (superior) in this
table, maxillary, inferior, function, sensation, mo-
tion, and taste; origin, trigeminus; distribution,
muscles of mastication, ear, cheek, tongue, teeth;
branches, masseteric, auriculotemporal, buccal, gusta-
tory, inferior dental, maxillary, superior, function,
sensation; origin, trigeminus; distribution, cheek,
face, teeth; branches, orbital, sphenopalatine, dentals,
infraorbital, median, function, motion and sensa-
tion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, pronator
radii teres, flexors, two lumbricales, fingers, palm;
branches, muscular, anterior interosseous, palmar
cutaneous, meningeal, function, sensation; origin,
glossopharyngeal; distribution, pia and arachnoid.
meningeal, function, sensation; origin, hypoglossal;
distribution, dura mater, meningeal, function,
sensation; origin, vagus; distribution, dura mater
around lateral sinus, meningeal, recurrent, function,
sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution,
dura mater and mastoid cells, mental, function,
motion and sensation; origin, inferior maxillary;
distribution, mucous membrane of lower lip and
chin, motor oculi (third cranial), function, motion;
origin, floor of aqueduct of Sylvius; distribution, all
muscles of the eye except external rectus, superior
oblique, and orbicularis palpebrarum, muscular,
function, motion and sensation; origin, first and second
cervical; distribution, muscles; branches, rectus capitis
lateralis, rectus anterior major et minor, muscular,
function, motion; origin, cervical plexus; distribution,
sternomastoid, levator anguli scapulae, scalenus
medius, trapezius, muscular, function, motion;
origin, brachial plexus; distribution, longus colli,
scaleni, rhomboidei, subclavius. muscular, function,
motion; origin, musculospiral; distribution, triceps,
anconeus, supinator longus extensor carpi radialis
longior, brachialis anticus; branches, internal, pos-
terior, external, muscular, function, motion; origin,
median; distribution, superficial muscles of the fore-
arm, muscular, function, motion; origin, ulnar;
distribution, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor profundus
digitorum. muscular, function, motion; origin,
great sciatic; distribution, biceps, semimembranosus,
semitendinosus, adductor magnus. muscular, func-
tion, motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution,
pyriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus
femoris. muscular, function, motion; origin, anterior
crural; distribution, pectineus and the muscles of the
thigh, musculocutaneous (of Casser), function,
motion and sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distri-
bution, coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis anticus,
forearm; branches, anterior and posterior, musculo-
cutaneous, function, motion and sensation; origin,
external popliteal; distribution, muscles of fibular
side of leg, skin of dorsum of foot; branches, internal,
external, musculospiral, function, motion and
sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, back
of arm and forearm, skin of back of hand; branches,
musculocutaneous, radial, posterior interosseous.
mylohyoid, function, motion; origin, inferior maxil-
lary; distribution, mylohyoid and digastric muscles.
nasal, function, sensation; origin, dental, anterior;
distribution, mucous membrane of inferior meatus.
nasal, function, sensation; origin, maxillary, superior;
distribution, integument of lateral aspect of nose.
nasal, function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; dis-
tribution, iris, ciliary ganglion, nose; branches,
ganglionic, ciliary, infra trochlear, nasal, inferior,
function, sensation; origin, anterior palatine; distri-
bution, mucous membrane of nose, nasal, superior,
function, sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distri-
bution, mucous membrane of nose and posterior
ethmoid cells, nasopalatine, function, sensation;
origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, nasal septum.
obturator, function, motion and sensation; origin,
lumbar plexus, third and fourth nerves; distribution,

obturator externus, adductors, hip-joint, and skin;
branches, anterior and posterior articular and com-
municating, obturator, accessory, function, motion
and sensation; origin, lumbar plexus; distribution,
pectineus and hip-joint, occipital (smallest or third),
function, sensation; origin, third cervical; distribution,
integument of occiput, occipitalis magnus, function,
motion and sensation; origin, second cervical; distri-
bution, complexus, trapezius, and scalp, occipitalis
major, the internal branch of the dorsal division of
the second cervical nerve, occipitalis minimus or
tertius, a ramus from the internal branch of the
dorsal division of the third cervical nerve, occipitalis
minor, function, sensation; origin, second cervical;
distribution, occipitofron talis, ear, etc.; branches,
communicating, auricular, oculomotor. See motor
oculi in this table, olfactory (first cranial), function,
smell; origin, frontal lobe, optic thalamus, island of
Reil; distribution, Schneiderian membrane of nose.
ophthalmic, function, sensation; origin, trigeminus:
distribution, forehead, eyes, nose; branches, frontal,
lacrimal, nasal, optic (second cranial), function,
sight; origin, cortical center in occipital lobe; distri-
bution, retina, orbital, function, sensation; origin,
Meckel's ganglion; distribution, mucosa of posterior
ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinus, orbital or tem-
poro-malar, function, sensation; origin, superior
maxillary; distribution, temple and cheek; branches,
temporal and malar, palatine, anterior or great,
function, sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion;
distribution, hard palate, gums, and nose; branches,
two inferior nasal, palatine, external, function,
sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution,
tonsil and soft palate, palatine, posterior or small,
function, motor; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribu-
tion, levator palati and azygos uvulae, palmar
cutaneous, function, sensation; origin, median;
distribution, thumb and palm, palmar, deep,
function, motion; origin, ulnar; distribution, little
finger, dorsal and palmar interosseous, two inner
lumbricales, abductor pollicis. palmar, superficial,
function, sensation and motion; origin, ulnar; distri-
bution, palmaris brevis, inner side of hand, and little
finger, palpebral, function, motor; origin, superior
maxillary; distribution, integument of lower lid.
parotid, function, sensation; origin, auriculotemporal;
distribution, parotid gland, patellar, function, sensa-
tion; origin, long saphenous; distribution, integument
over patella and plexus patellae, patheticus (fourth
cranial), function, motion; origin, valve of Vieussens;
distribution, superior oblique of eye. pectineus,
function, motion; origin, anterior crural; distribution,
pectineus muscle, perforating (of Casser). See
musculocutaneous in this table, perineal, function,
motion and sensation; origin, pudic; distribution,
perineum, genitalia, and skin of perineal region;
branches, cutaneous and muscular, perineal, func-
tion, motion and sensation; origin, fourth sacral;
distribution, external sphincter ani and integument
of anus, peroneal, the external popliteal nerve.
peroneal, common. See popliteal (external) in this
table, peroneal, communicating, a branch of the
external popliteal, generally uniting with the short
saphenous nerve, but at times it extends down the
leg to the heel, peroneal, deep. See tibial (anterior)
in this table, peroneal, superficial. See musculo-
cutaneous in this table, petrosals, function, motion;
origin, facial; distribution, ganglia and plexus;
branches, great, small, external to Meckel's ganglion,
otic ganglion, and meningeal plexus, respectively.
pharyngeal, function, motion and sensation; origin,
glossopharyngeal; distribution, pharynx; enters into
formation of pharyngeal plexus, pharyngeal, func-
tion, sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution,
upper part of pharynx, posterior nares, and sphenoid
sinus, pharyngeal, function, motion; origin, vagus;
distribution, pharynx; branches, pharyngeal plexus,
muscles, and mucosa, pharyngeal, function, sensa-
tion; origin, sympathetic; distribution, pharynx; helps
to form the pharyngeal plexus, phrenic, function,
motion and sensation; origin, third, fourth, and fifth
cervical; distribution, diaphragm, pericardium, pleura.
plantar, external, function, motion and sensation;
origin, posterior tibial; distribution, little toe and
deep muscles of foot; branches, superficial and deep.
plantar, internal, function, sensation and motion;
origin, posterior tibial; distribution, sole of foot,
adductor pollicis, flexor brevis digitorum, toes;
branches, cutaneous, muscular, articular, digital.
pneumogastric (tenth cranial, par vagum, or vagus),

NERVE

604

NERVE

function, sensation and motion; origin, floor of fourth
ventricle; distribution, ear, .pharynx, larynx, heart,
lungs, esophagus, stomach; branches, auricular,
pharyngeal, superior and inferior laryngeal, recurrent
laryngeal, cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, gastric,
hepatic, communicating, meningeal, popliteal, ex-
ternal, function, sensation and motion; origin, great
sciatic; distribution, extensors of foot, skin, and
fascia; branches, anterior tibial, musculocutaneous,
articular, cutaneous, popliteal, internal, function,
motion and sensation; origin, great sciatic; distri-
bution, knee, gastrocnemius, tibialis posticus, plan-
taris, soleus, popliteus, skin of foot; branches, articu-
lar, muscular, cutaneous, external saphenous, plantar,
posterior cutaneous of thigh. See sciatic {small) in
this table, pterygoid, external, function, motion;
origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, external
pterygoid muscle, pterygoid, internal, function,
motion; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution,
internal pterygoid muscle, pudendal, inferior, a
branch of the small sciatic nerve distributed to the
front and external part of the scrotum and perineum.
pudendal, long {nerve of Soemmering) , function, sen-
sation; origin, small sciatic; distribution, integument
of genitalia and inner and proximal part of thigh.
pudic, function, motion and sensation; origin, sacral
plexus; distribution, perineum, anus, genitalia;
branches, inferior hemorrhoidal, perineal, cutaneous,
dorsal of penis, pulmonary, anterior and posterior,
function (?); origin, vagus; distribution, lungs;
branches to pulmonary plexuses, radial. See muscu-
lospiral in this table, radial (superficial ramus),
function, sensation; origin, musculospiral; distribution,
skin of radial side and ball of thumb; skin on posterior
surface of ulnar side of thumb; skin of index-finger,
middle finger, and radial side of ring-finger; branches,
external and internal, renal, branches of the renal
plexus following the distribution of the renal artery.
sacral (5), function, motion and sensation; origin,
cord; distribution, multifidus spinse, skin of gluteal
region; branches to sacral plexus, saphenous,
external or short, function, sensation; origin, internal
popliteal; distribution, integument of foot and little
toe. saphenous, long or internal, function, sensation ;
origin, anterior crural; distribution, knee, ankle;
branches, cutaneous, patellar, communicating. Sap-
pey's, the mylohyoid nerve, of Scarpa. See naso-
palatine in this table, sciatic, great, function,
motion and sensation; origin, sacral plexus; distri-
bution, skin of leg, muscles of back of thigh, and
those of leg and foot; branches, articular, muscular,
popliteal, sciatic, small, function, sensation and
motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution, perineum,
back of thigh and leg, gluteus maximus; branches,
muscular, cutaneous, long pudendal, second cranial,
the optic nerve, seventh cranial. See facial in this
table, sixth cranial. See abducens in this table,
sixth sacral, the coccygeal nerve, of Soemmering.
See pudendal, long, in this table, sphenopalatine,
function, sensation; origin, superior maxillary; distri-
bution, Meckel's ganglion, spinal, function, motion
and sensation; origin, spinal cord; distribution, trunk.
There are 31 on each side: 1 coccygeal, 8 cervical,
12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, spinal accessory
{eleventh cranial), function, motion; origin, floor of
fourth ventricle; distribution, sternomastoid, trape-
zius, spinosus. See meningeal, recurrent in this
table, spiral. See musculospiral in this table,
spiralis, the radial nerve, splanchnic, great, func-
tion, sympathetic; origin, thoracic ganglia; distri-
bution, semilunar ganglion, renal, and suprarenal
plexuses, splanchnic, lesser, function, sympathetic;
origin, tenth and eleventh thoracic ganglia, great
splanchnic; distribution, celiac plexus and great
splanchnic, splanchnic, renal or smallest, function,
sympathetic; origin, last thoracic ganglion; distri-
bution, renal and celiac plexuses, stapedial, function,
motion; origin, facial; distribution, stapedius muscle.
stapedius. See tympanic in this table, sternal,
descending cutaneous divisions of the third and
fourth cervical nerves, stylohyoid, function, motion;
origin, facial; distribution, stylohyoid muscle, sub-
clavian, a branch of the brachial plexus which supplies
the subclavius muscle, subcostal, the intercostal
nerve, sublingual, a division of the lingual nerve
distributed to the sublingual gland, submaxillary,
the inframaxillary nerve, suboccipital, the anterior
division of the first cervical nerve, subscapular,
function, motion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution,
subscapular, teres major, and latissimus dorsi.

supraacromial, function, sensation; origin, cervical
plexus; distribution, skin over deltoid, supraclavi-
cular, descending, function, sensation; origin, third
and fourth cervical; distribution, skin of neck, breast,,
and shoulder; branches, sternal, clavicular, acromial.
supragluteal, the superior gluteal nerve, supra-
mandibular. See maxillary, superior, in this table.
supramaxillary. _ See maxillary, superior, in this
table, supraorbital, function, sensation; origin, oph-
thalmic; distribution, upper lid, forehead; branches,
muscular, cutaneous, and pericranial, suprapubic,,
the genitocrural nerve, suprascapular, function*
motion and sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distri-
bution, scapular muscles, suprasternal, function,.
sensation; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, integu-
ment over upper part of sternum, supratrochlear,
function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribution,.
forehead and upper eyelid; branches, muscular and
cutaneous, sympathetic. See under sympathetic.
temporal, function, motion; origin, inferior maxillary;;
distribution, temporal muscle, temporal (or zygo-
maticotemporalis),/wwei«m, sensation; origin, orbital;
distribution, integument over temporal muscle.
temporal, function, motion; origin, temporof acial ;
distribution, orbicularis palpebrarum, occipitofron-
tal, attrahens and attollens aurem, corrugator
supercilii; branches, muscular, temporal, superficial,
function, sensation; origin, auriculotemporal;, distri-
bution, integument over temporal fascia, temporo-
f acial, function, motion; origin, facial; distribution,
upper part of face; branches, temporal, malar, infra-
orbital, temporomalar. See orbital in this table.
tenth cranial, the vagus nerve, third cranial, the
motor oculi. thoracic, anterior and exterior, func-
tion, motion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution,
pectoralis major and minor, thoracic, posterior or
long {external respiratory nerve of Bell), function,
motion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, serratus
magnus. thoracic, spinal, function, motion and
sensation; origin, cord; distribution, muscles and skin
of thorax, thyroid, branches of the middle cervical
ganglion distributed to the thyroid, tibial. See
popliteal {internal) in this table., tibial, anterior,
function, motion and sensation; origin, external
popliteal; distribution, tibialis anticus, extensor
longus digitorum, peroneus tertius, joints of foot,
skin of great toe; branches, muscular, external,
internal, tibial, posterior, function, motion and
sensation; origin, internal popliteal; distribution,
tibialis posticus, flexor longus digitorum, flexor
longus pollicis, skin of heel and sole, knee-joint;
branches, plantar, muscular* calcaneoplantar* cuta-
neous or internal calcanean, articular, tonsillar,
function, sensation; origin, glossopharyngeal; distri-
bution, tonsil, soft palate, and fauces, trigeminus,
trifacial {fifth cranial) , function, motion and sensation
(taste); origin, floor of fourth ventricle; distribution,
skin and structures of face, tongue, and teeth;
branches, ophthalmic, superior and inferior maxillary.
trochlear. See patheticus in this table, twelfth
cranial, the hypoglossal nerve, trochlear. See
patheticus {fourth cranial) in this table, tympanic (or
stapedius), function, motion; origin, facial; distri-
bution, stapedius and laxator tympani . muscles.
tympanic, function, sensation; origin, sympathetic;
distribution, tympanum, tympanic {Jacobson's nerve)
function, motion; origin, glossopharyngeal; distri-
bution, tympanum; branches, tympanic plexus and
communicating, tympanichordal. See chorda tym-
pani in this table, ulnar, function, motion and
sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distribution,
muscles, shoulder-joint and wrist-joint, and skin of
little finger; branches, articular, muscular, palmar
cutaneous, dorsal, superior palmar, deep palmar,
vagus. See pneumogastfic in this table, vestibular,
function, sensation; origin, auditory; distribution,
utricle and ampullae ..of the semicircular canals.
Vidian, function, sensation; origin, union of large
superficial and deep petrosal; distribution, spheno-
maxillary fossa and posterior part of upper nasal
meatus, of Willis. See spinal accessory in this
table. Wrisberg's. See cutaneous, lesser internal,
in this table, zygomatic. See orbital {temporomalar)
in this table, zygomatic. See malar in this table.
zygomaticofacialis. See malar in this table, zygo-
maticotemporal. See temporal in this table.

nervi {ner'-vi) [L.j. Plural of nervus, a nerve.
n. erigentes, nerve-fibers from the second and third
sacral nerves to the rectum, bladder and genital
organs, n. nervorum, the small nerves distributed

NERVIDUCT

605

NEURAMEBIMETER

to the nerve-sheaths, n. vasorum, the small nerves
supplying the walls of the blood-vessels.

nerviduct (ner'-vid-ukt) [nervus, nerve; ductus,
duct]. The channel by which a nerve passes through
a bone.

nervimotility (ner-vi-mo-til'-it-e). Capability of
nerve motion.

nervimotion (ner-vim-o' -shun) [nervus, a nerve;
motio, motion]. Movement caused by the stimu-
lation of a nerve.

nervimotor (ner-vim-o' -tor) [nervus, a nerve;
motor, a mover], i. Pertaining to or causing nervi-
motion. 2. That which causes nervimotion. 3.
Pertaining to a motor nerve.

nervine (ner'-ven) [nervus, nerve]. 1. Pertaining
to the nerve. 2. Acting favorably, or decidedly,
upon the nerves. 3. A remedy that calms nervous
excitement or acts favorably on nervous diseases.
4. The plant Cypripedium pubescens. 5. An extract
of the normal gray substance of sheep's brain. 6. A
proprietary remedy for gout.

nervitone (ner' -vit-on) . A proprietary remedy
said to be a mixture of iron, phosphorus, asafetida,
sumbul, and mix vomica.

nervocidine (ner-vos' -id-en) [nervus, nerve; ccedere,
to kill]. An alkaloid from an East Indian plant;
the hydrochloride is used as a local anesthetic.

nervosine (ner' -vo-sen) . A remedy for hysteria
said to consist of reduced iron 0.025 %, with valerian,
orange-peel, angelica, and licorice extract.

nervosity {ner-vos' -it-e). Excessive nervousness.

nervosism (ner'-vo-sizm) [nervus, a nerve]. 1
Neurasthenia or nervousness. 2. The doctrine that
all morbid phenomena are caused by alterations of
nerve-force.

nervotabes, peripheral (ner-vo-ta'-bez). A dis-
turbance of an intact spinal cord, presenting clinically
the appearance of tabes; due to parenchymatous
neuritis of the cutaneous nerves.

nervous (ner'-vus) [nerve]. 1. Pertaining to or
composed of nerves or nerve-structures. 2. Charac-
terized by excessive irritability of the nervous system.
n. debility, neurasthenia, n. fluid, a hypothetical
fluid supposed to traverse the nerves from the nerve-
centers to the periphery, n. system, the nervous
apparatus of the body taken together; it includes the
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia.

nervous exhaustion. See neurasthenia.

nervousness (ner'-vus-nes) [nervous]. A condition
of excessive excitability of the nervous system,
characterized by great mental and physical unrest.

nervule (ner'-vul) [dim. of nervus, nerve]. A small
nerve.

nervus (ner'-vus) [pi. nervi]. Latin for nerve.

nesis (ne'-sis) [injo-is, suture]. Suture.

Nessler's reagent (nes'-ler) [A. Nessler, German
chemist, 1827- ]. A solution of potassium
iodide, mercury bichloride, and sodium hydroxide
used in estimating the amount of ammonia in water.

nesslerizing (nes-ler-i' -zing) . The process of using
Nessler's reagent.

nest [ME.]. An abode, as of eggs, insects, etc.
n.s, Brunn's epithelial. See under Brunn. n.,
■cell-, an aggregation or cluster of cells, as in car-
cinoma.

nesteia (nes-ti'-ah) [vr\aTtLa, fasting]. 1. Fasting.
2. The jejunum.

nestiatria (nes-te-a'-tre-ah) [vyo-Tela, a fast; larpeia,
treatment]. Treatment by fasting; the hunger-cure.

nestis (nes'-tis) [vfiaris, fasting]. 1. Fasting. 2.
The jejunum.

nestitherapy (nes-ti-ther'-a-pe). See nestiatria.

Nestle's food (nesl). A variety of milk-food for
infants.

nestoposia (nes-top-o'-ze-ah) [vrja-ns, fasting; irbais,
drinking]. Drinking on an empty stomach.

net-knots. See neurosomes.

netraneurysm (net-ran' -u-rizm) [vfjrpop, spindle;
■&pevpicriia, aneurysm]. A fusiform aneurysm.

nettle (net-l). See urtica.

nettlerash. See urticaria.

Nettleship's dots [Edward Nettleship, English
ophthalmologist, 1845- ]. Minute white dots
scattered in considerable numbers between the
macula and periphery of the retina; they are associ-
ated with pigment changes and night-blindness, and
occur in several members of the same family.

net-work. The arrangement of fibers in a reticu-
lum, n., Gerlach's, a network of processes of nerve-
cells found in the gray matter of the spinal cord.

n., Haller's, the rete testis, n., Purkinje's, that
formed by Purkinje's fibers, n. of terminal bars,
the reticulum formed by the terminal bars on the
free surface of many epithelia.

neu (nil). See neurilemma.

Neubauer's artery (noy'-bow-er) [Johann Ernst
Neubauer, German anatomist, 1742-1777]. The
deep thyroid artery; an occasional branch of the
innominate artery, distributed to the same parts as
the inferior thyroid, and often taking its place.
N.'s ganglion, the large ganglion formed by the
union of the lower cervical and first thoracic
ganglion.

Neuber's method (noy'-ber). A method of treating
joint and bone tuberculosis: an incision is made
and all fragments and tuberculous foci are removed
and the cavity filled with an emulsion of iodoform
and glycerol of 10 % strength. It is then sewed up
with buried sutures without drainage. N.'s tubes,
decalcified bone drainage tubes.

Neumann's corpuscles (noy'-man) . Nucleated red
corpuscles, sometimes found in the blood when
an active regenerative process is going on, as after
hemorrhage. N.'s crystals. See Charcot's crystals.
N.'s disease, pemphigus vegetans. N.'s phenyl-
hydrazin test, consists in the use of a solution of
sodium acetate in acetic acid of 50 to 75 % strength
or in glacial acetic acid. A special test-tube is
employed, the urine is introduced, the solution and
two or three drops of pure phenylhydrazin are
added, and the whole boiled down, cooled rapidly
in running water, boiled one minute more, and
cooled. In the presence of sugar, phenylhydrazin
crystals appear. N.'s sheaths, the dentinal sheaths
that form the walls of the dentinal tubules.

neura (nu'-rah). Synonym of neuron.

neurad (nii'-rad) [neural; ad, to]. Toward the
neural aspect or axis.

neuradynamia (nu-rah-din-a'-me-ah). See neuras-
thenia.

neuragmia (nu-rag'-me-ah) [neuron; ayuos, a
breaking]. The bruising or tearing of a nerve- trunk
above or below its ganglion for the purpose of study-
ing the trophic changes that follow.

neural (nu'-ral) [neuron]. Pertaining to nerves or
nervous tissue, n. arch, the part of the vertebra
that incloses the spinal cord, formed by the two
neurapophyses. n. axis, the spinal cord. n. canal.
1. The dorsal tube of the embryo, formed by the
union of the dorsal folds, and constituting the earliest
traces of the nervous system. 2. The bony canal
comprising the cavity of the cranium and vertebral
column, which in the vertebrate animals contains
the central nervous system. It is situated dorsad,
the hemal canal, inclosing the heart, etc., being ven-
trad. See canal, hemal. n. groove, the medullary
groove, n. lamina, the lateral portion of the neural
arch of a vertebra, n. plate, the medullary plate.
n. spine, the spinous process of a vertebra, n. tube,
the closed medullary" groove of the epiblast.

neuralgia (nu-ral'-je-ah) [neuron; aXyos, pain].
Severe paroxysmal pain along the course of a nerve
and not associated with demonstrable structural
changes in the nerve. According to their anatomical
situation, the following forms of neuralgia are
described: trigeminal neuralgia, tic douloureux, or
prosopalgia; supraorbital neuralgia; cervicooccipital
neuralgia; cervicobrachial and brachial neuralgia;
intercostal neuralgia, sciatica or ischialgia; coccy-
godynia; visceral neuralgia (as hepatic, gastric, in-
testinal, uterine, ovarian neuralgia). According to
their causes, neuralgias are classed as anemic, ma-
larial, gouty, rheumatic, syphilitic, diabetic, toxic
(e. g., alcoholic, saturnine), hysterical, and reflex.
The pain of neuralgia is sharp, stabbing, and par-
oxysmal, lasting usually but a short time; tenderness
is often present at the points of exit of the nerve
(points douloureux). Intercostal neuralgia is at
times associated with herpes zoster.

neuralgic (nu-ral'-jik) [neuralgia]. Pertaining to,
or affected with, neuralgia.

neuralgin (nu-ral'-jin). A proprietary antipyretic
said to consist of a mixture of antifebrin, sodium
salicylate, and caffeine. Dose 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0
Gm.).

neuramebimeter (nu-ram-eb-im' -et-er) [neuro- ;
iLfioi^-rj, return; ukrpov, measure]. The nerve-reply
measurer; an instrument devised and used in psycho-
physics to obtain the reaction-time of nervous im-
pressions.

NEURANAGENESIS

606

NEUROBLASTOMA

neuranagenesis (nu-ran-aj-en'-es-is) [neuron;

avayewativ, to renew]. Regeneration or renewal of
nerve tissue.

neurapophysis (nu-rap-of'-is-is) [neuron; 6.ir6<pvcris ,
offshoot]. Either one of the two apophyses on each
vertebra which blend and form the neural arch, or
the dorsal wall of the spinal foramen.

neurarchy (nii'-rar-ke) [neuro-; apxn, government].
The control of the nervous system over the other
systems of the body.

neurasthenia (nic-ras-then-i'-ah or nu-ras-the'-ne-ah)
[neuron; asthenia]. A group of symptoms resulting
from debility or exhaustion of the nerve-centers.
Among the more common symptoms are a lack of
energy, undue readiness of fatigue, disinclination to
activity, a sense of fulness or pressure at the top of
the head, pain in the back, impaired memory, and
disturbed sleep; gastrointestinal symptoms, such as
anorexia, constipation, fulness after eating; amenor-
rhea and dysmenorrhea in women, and spermatorrhea
and impotence in men. Syn., Beard's disease.
n., cerebral, a form marked by depression, inability
to concentrate the mind, insomnia, irritability,
headache, visual disturbances, etc. n. cordis, a
neurosis in which the heart symptoms dominate.
n. gastrica, nervous dyspepsia, a condition of dis-
turbed functional activity of the stomach, as a rule
without retardation of digestion; flatulence, pain,
palpitation of the heart, and constipation are promi-
nent symptoms, n., sexual, a depressed state of the
nervous system associated with disturbance of the
sexual function; it is characterized by pain in the
back, tender points along the spine, weakness of the
extremities, great prostration on slight exertion,
neuralgic pains, and other nervous manifestations.

neurastheniac (nu-ras-the'-ne-ak). A person suffer-
ing from neurasthenia.

neurasthenic {nu-r as-then' -ik) [neurasthenia]. Re-
lating to, or characterized by, neurasthenia.

neurataxia, neurataxy {nu-rah-tak'-se-ah, nu'-rah-
tak-se) [neuron; dra£ia, want of order], i. Ataxia
of cerebrospinal origin. 2. Neurasthenia.

neuratrophia, neufatrophy (nii-rat-ro'-fe-ah, nu-rat'-
ro-fe) [neuron; atrophy]. Atrophy, or impaired
nutrition, of a nerve or nerves.

neuraxis (nu-raks'-is) [neuron; axis]. 1. The
cerebrospinal axis. 2. An axis-cylinder.

neuraxon {nu-raks'-on) [see neuraxis]. The axis-
cylinder process of a nerve-cell.

neure (nur). Synonym of neuron.

neurectasia, neurectasis, neurectasy (nu-rek-ta'-
ze-ah, nu-rek'-tas-is, nu-rek'-tas-e) [neuron; ecratris,
stretching]. Nerye-stretching.

neurectomy (nu-rek'-to-me) [neuron; Iktouti, exci-
sion]. Excision of a part of a nerve.

neurectopia, neurectopy (nu-rek-to'-pe-ah, nu-rek'-
to-pe) [neuron; cktottos, out of place]. Displacement
or other abnormality of the distribution of a
nerve.

neurenteric (nu-ren-ter'-ik) [neuron; enteron].
Pertaining to the embryonic neural canal and the
intestinal tube. n. canal, a temporary communi-
cation existing between the neural canal and the
intestinal tube of the embryo. Syn., Kowalewsky's
canal.

neurepithelium (nu-rep-ith-e'-le-um). See neuro-
epithelium.

neurexairesis (nu-reks-i-re'-sis) [neuron; Qaipelv,
to take out]. The extraction of a nerve for relief of
neuralgia.

neuria (nu'-re-ah) [neuro-]. Nervous tissue; a
delicate layer of nerve-substance.

neuriasis (nu-ri'-as-is) [neuro-]. Hysterical hypo-
chondriasis.

neuriatry (nu-ri'-at-re) [neuro-; larpela, therapy].
The study and treatment of nervous diseases.

neuric (nu'-rik) [neuro-]. Pertaining to a nerve or
to nerves.

neuricity {nu-ris'-it-e). Nerve-force; nervous
quality, or function.

neuridine (nu'-rid-en) [neuron], C5H14N2. A
ptomaine produced in. the putrefaction of horseflesh,
beef, human muscle, fish, cheese, etc. It has a
repulsive odor and is non-poisonous.

neurilemma (nu-ril-em'-ah) [neuron; Xe/z/ua. bark].
1. The sheath incasing a nerve-fiber; the sheath of
Schwann. See nerve-fiber. 2. See perineurium.

neurilemmitis (nu-r il-em-i' -lis) [neuro-; \kfifia,
sheath; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
neurilemma.

neurility (nu-ril'-it-e) [neuro-]. The stimulus or
power possessed by a nerve-fiber to cause contraction
of a muscle ; neuricity.

neurimotility. See nervimotility.

neurin, neurine (nii'-rin) [neuron]. 1. The albu-
minous substance forming the basis of nerve tissue.
2. C5H13NO; a poisonous ptomaine obtained from
decomposing flesh and in the decomposition of
protagon by barium hydroxide; an auxetic in cancer;
it is used as a substitute for cancroin. 3. An extract
of nerve tissue employed therapeutically. See
organotherapy.

neurinoma (nu-rin-o'-mah) . A neurofibroma.

neurit (nu'-rit) [neuron]. Synonym of neurite.

neurite {nu'-rit) [neuron]. The axis-cylinder
process of a nerve-cell; a neuraxon.

neuritic (nu-rit'-ik) [neuritis]. Pertaining to
neuritis.

neuritis (nil-ri'-tis) [neuron; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of a nerve, n., alcoholic. See n.,
multiple, n., ascending, inflammation extending
from the periphery of a nerve centrad to the spinal
cord or brain, n., atheromatous, a form in which
necrotic, inflammatory processes take place in the
parts of the nerves supplied by arteries affected with
atheroma, giving rise to symptoms resembling in
character those of the toxic form, n., axial, n. axialis,
optic neuritis in which the central fibers of the optic
nerve, supplying the central part of the retina, are
diseased. It results in central scotoma, n., de-
generative. See n., parenchymatous, n., descend-
ing, neuritis the result of extension of disease from the
spinal cord or the brain toward the periphery, n.,
diabetic, a polyneuritis sometimes seen in diabetes,
and probably the result of autointoxication with the
products of faulty metabolism, n., diphtheritic,
that which follows diphtheria, n., endemic, beriberi.
n., facial, peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve.
n. fascians, interstitial neuritis, n., interstitial,
inflammation of the inteistitial connective tissue of a
nerve-trunk, n., leprous, that due to the bacillus
of leprosy, n., lipomatous, that form, in which the
nerve-fibers are completely destroyed and replaced
by a fibrous connective tissue in which much fat is
deposited, n., lymphatic, mesoneuritis. n., ma-
larial, neuritis due to the malarial poison, n.,
migrans, a wandering neuritis, n., multiple, the
simultaneous inflammation of several nerve- trunks,
usually symmetrically situated on both sides of the
body. Its most common cause is alcoholic poisoning;
it may be due to arsenic, malaria, mercury, or lead;
to diphtheria, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and other
infectious diseases. Beriberi is a form of multiple
neuritis, n. nodosa, neuritis with nodular forma-
tions, n., optic, inflammation of the optic nerve.
See papillitis, n., parenchymatous, a form in which
the medullary substance and the axis-cylinders are
chiefly involved, the interstitial tissue being but
little altered or affected only secondarily. Syn.,
degenerative neuritis, n., postocular, that affecting
the portion of the optic nerve behind the eyeball.
n., pressure-, inflammation of a nerve resulting from
compression, n., proliferative, that form in which
the overgrowth of the connective tissue is so extensive
as to convert the whole nerve into a sclerotic cord.
n., radicular, that in which the nerve-roots rather
than the plexus are the seats of inflammation, n.,
retrobulbar, that of the optic nerve posterior to the
eyeball, n., rheumatic, that due to rheumatism.
n., sciatic, sciatica, n., segmental, n., segmentary,
that affecting a segment of a nerve, n., senile, a
form affecting the extremities of the aged, n.,
toxemic, that due to some poison or virus in the
blood, n., toxic, that due to some poisonous sub-
stance, as lead, silver, arsenic, n., tuberculous,
polyneuritis due to the specific action on the nerves
of a poison produced by tubercle bacilli.

neuro- (nii-ro-) [neuron]. A prefix signifying
connection with or relation to a nerve.

neuroanatomy (nu-ro-an-at'-o-me) [neuro-; an-
atomy]. The anatomy of the nervous system.

neuroarthritism (nu-ro-ar'-thrit-izm). A combined
nervous and gouty diathesis.

neuroasthenia (nu-ro-as-the'-ne-ah). Same as
neurasthenia.

neuroblast (nu'-ro-blast) [neuro-; /SXao-ros, germ].
A cell derived from the primitive ectoderm, and
giving rise to nerve-fibers and nerve-cell.

neuroblastoma (nu-ro-blas-to'-mah). A tumor
consisting of nerve tissue or cells.

NEUROCANAL

607

NEUROMIMESIS

neurocanal (nu-ro-kan-al') [neuro-; canalis, canal].
The central canal of the spinal axis.

neurocardiac {nu-ro-kar' -de-ak) [neuro-; cardia].
Pertaining to the nervous system and the heart.
n. disease, exophthalmic goiter.

neurocele (nu'-ro-sel) [neuro; KoCKia, hollow]. The
system of cavities and ventricles in the cerebrospinal
axis.

neurocentral (nu-ro-sen'-tral) [neuro-; Kkvrpov,
center]. Relating to the neural arch and the centrum
of a vertebra.

neurochitin {nu-ro-ki' -tin) [neuro-; chitin]. The
substance forming the skeletal support of nerve-
fibers.

neurochondrous (nu-ro-kon'-drus) [vevpov, cord;
xovSpos, cartilage]. Fibrocartilaginous.

neurochorioretinitis (nu-ro-ko-re-o-ret-in-i'-tis) .

Chorioretinitis combined with optic neuritis.

neurochoroiditis (nil-ro-ko-roi-di'-tis). Combined
inflammation of the choroid body and optic nerve.

neurocranium (nu-ro-kra'-ne-um) [neuro-; upavlov,
skull]. The brain-case, or cranial portion of the
head.

neurocyte (nu'-ro-sit) [neuro-; kvtos, cell]. A
nerve-cell; a neuron; the essential element of nervous
structures.

neurocytoma (nu-ro-si-to'-mah). A tumor con-
sisting of undifferentiated nerve tissues or cells of the
cerebrospinal nervous system.

neurodealgia {nu-ro-de-aV -je-ah) [vevp&Srjs, nerve-
like; the retina; a\yos, pain]. Retinal pain.

neurodeatrophia (nu-ro-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [vevptobns,
retina; arpoQia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the retina.

neurodendrite (nil-ro-den'-drit) [neuro-; 8ei>8pov,
a tree]. A dendritic and protoplasmic extension or
process of a nerve-cell, a combined neuron and
dendron.

neurodendron (nu-ro-den'-dron) [see neurodendrite].
I. Synonym of neuron. 2. See neurodendrite.

neurodermatitis (nu-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [neuro-; der-
matitis]. A neurotic affection of the skin associated
with itching.

neurodermatosis (nil-ro-der-mat-o'-sis) [neuro- ;
8epna, skin; voaos, disease]. A neurotic skin-affection.

neurodermatrophia (nu-ro-der-mat-ro'-fe-ah) [neu-
ro-; Sepfia, skin; drpo0ia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the
skin from nervous disturbance.

neurodes (nii-ro'-dez) [vevpwS-ns, nerve-like]. The
retina, as being made up of nerve-elements.

neurodiastasis (nil-ro-di-as'-tas-is) [neuro-; diaa-
ratrts, separation]. Separation of nerves; neurectasis.

neurodin (nii'-ro-din) [neuron]. Acetylparaoxy-
phenylurethane, a crystalline substance used as an
antineuralgic and antipyretic. Dose, antineuralgic,
15-24 gr. (1. 0-1.5 Gm.); as antipyretic, 5-10 gr.
(0.32-0.65 Gm.).

neurodynamia (nu-ro-di-nam'-e-ah) [neuro-; 8vva.fj.is,
strength]. Nervous strength or energy.

neurodynamic (nu-ro-di-nam'-ik) [neuro-; Swa/us,
strength]. Pertaining to the power of a nerve-
current or of the nervous forces of the system.

neurodynia (nu-ro-din'-e-ah). See neuralgia.

neuroelectrotherapeutics {nu-ro-e-lek-tro-ther-a-pu'-
tiks). The treatment of nervous affections by elec-
tricity.

neuroenteric (nu-ro-en-ter'-ik). Same as neur-
enteric.

neuroepidermal (nii-ro-ep-e-der'-mal) . Relating to
the nerves and the skin.

neuroepithelial (nu-ro-ep-ith-e'-le-al) [neuro-; hti,
upon; (#17X17, nipple]. Pertaining to or of the nature
of neuroepithelium.

neuroepithelioma {nu-ro-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [neuro- ;
epithelioma]. A glioma of the retina.

neuroepithelium {nu-ro-ep-e-the' -le-um) [neuro- ;
epithelium]. The highly specialized epithelial struc-
tures constituting the terminations of the nerves of
special sense, as the rod-and-cone cells of the retina,
the olfactory cells of the nose, the hair-cells of the
internal ear, the gustatory cells of the taste-buds.

neurofibril (nu-ro-fi'-bril). A conducting fibril
of a nerve-cell.

neurofibroma (nu-ro-fi-bro'-mah) [neuro-; fibroma].
A tumor of a nerve composed of fibrous tissue.

neurofibromatosis (nu-ro-fi-bro-ma-to'-sis) [neuro-
fibroma], A disease characterized by the formation
of numerous great and small tumefactions of the
nerves. Syn., Recklinghausen's disease.

neurofil \nu'-ro-fil) [neuro- ; filum, thread]. A net-
work of protoplasmic processes arising from the

commencement of the axis-cylinder and surrounding
the cell.

neuroganglion {nu-ro-gang' -gle-on) . See ganglion.

neurogastric (nu-ro-gas'-trik). Relating to the
nerves and the stomach.

neurogenesis (nu-ro-jen'-es-is) [neuro-; yewav, to
produce]. The formation of nerves or nerve tissue.

neurogenetic (nu-ro-jen-et'-ik) [neurogenesis]. Per-
taining to neurogenesis.

neurogenous (nu-roj'-en-us). Originating in the
nervous system.

neurogeny (nu-roj'-en-e). See neurogenesis.
_ neuroglia (nii-rog'-le-ah) [neuro-; y\la, glue]. The
tissue, probably of ectodermic origin, forming the
basis of the supporting framework of the nervous
tissue of the cerebrospinal axis. It consists of
peculiar cells, the glia-cells, having many fine branch-
ing processes.

neurogliar (nu-rog'-le-ar) [neuroglia]. Pertaining
to or resembling neuroglia.

neuroglioma (nu-ro-gli-o'-mah) [neuro-; glioma].
A tumor composed of neurogliar tissue; a glioma.
n., ganglionar, n. ganglionare, a glioma containing
ganglion-cells.

neurography (nil-rog'-ra-fe) [neuro-; ypaxpew, to
write]. A treatise on the anatomy and physiology
of the nerves and the nervous system.

neurohistology (nu-ro-his-tol'-o-je). The histology
of the nervous system.

neurohypnology (nii-ro-hip-nol'-o-je) [neuro-; inrvos,
sleep; \6yos, science]. The science or study of
hypnotism. %

neuroid (nu'-roid) [neuro-; elSos, like]. Resembling
a nerve or nerve-substance.

neurokeratin (nu-ro-ker'-at-in) [neuro-; keratin].
The form of keratin found in nerve-sheaths and
the white_ substance of Schwann.

neurokinet {nu-ro-kin' -et) [neuro-; mvelv, to move].
An apparatus for stimulating the nerves by means
of mechanical percussion.

neurokyme inu'-ro-kim) [neuro-; Kvp-a, a wave].
Nervous energy.

neurolemma (nil-ro-lem'-ah). Synonym of retina.

neurolemmatitis (nu-ro-lem-at-i'-tis). A synonym
of retinitis.

neurological (nu-ro-loj'rik-al) [neurology]. Per-
taining to neurology.

neurologist {nu-rol'-o-jist) [neurology]. One versed
in neurology.

neurology (nu-rol'-o-je) [neuro-; \6yos, science].
The branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy,
physiology, and pathology of the nervous system.

neurolymph (nu'-ro-limf) [neuro-; lymph]. The
cerebro-spinal fluid.

neurolysin {nii-rol' -is-in) [see neurolysis]. A cyto-
lysin having specific action upon nerve-cells.

neurolysis {nii-rol' -is-is) [neuro-; Xutris, solution],
1. Exhaustion of a nerve in consequence of over-
stimulation. 2. Nerve stretching for the relief of
excessive tension. 3. The loosening of adhesions
binding a nerve. 4. The disintegration of nerve
tissue.

neurolytic (nu-ro-lit'-ik) [neuro-; Xwus, a loosening].
Pertaining to neurolysis.

neuroma (nu-ro'-mah) [neuro-; Sua, tumor]. 1. A
tumor composed of nerve tissue. 2. A fibroma on
a nerve, n., amputation-, the neuroma of a stump,
forming at the end of a divided nerve, n., amyelinic,
a neuroma made up of nonmedullated nerve-fibers.
n. cutis, a cutaneous neuroma, n. false, a fibro-
matous tumor forming on a nerve, n., ganglionic,,
n., ganglionated, a neuroma made up of nerve-cells.
n., myelinic, one made up of medullated nerve-
fibers, n., plexiform, the development of multiple
fibromatous tumors along the course of one or more
nerves, attended with hyperplasia of the nerve-
fibers, n. telangiectodes, a vascular neuroma,
n., traumatic, one occurring in a wound or ampu-
tation stump, n., true, a tumor containing nerve
cells.

neuromalacia (nil-ro-mal-a'-she-ah) [neuro-; fj.a\a.~
Kia, a softening]. A softening of nerve-tissue.

neuromatosis (nil-ro-mat-o'-sis) [neuro- ; 6p.a, tumor;
voaos, disease]. A morbid tendency to the formation
of neuromata.

neuromatous (nii-ro'-mat-us) [neuroma]. Of the
nature of a neuroma.

neuromere (nu'-ro-mer) [neuro-; nepos, a part].
A natural segment of the cerebrospinal axis.

neuromimesis (nu-ro-mi-me' -sis) [neuro-; ni/irjirit.

NEUROMIMETIC

608

NEUROTHELION

imitation]. Hysteric phenomena resembling true
organic disease.

neuromimetic {nu-ro-mi-met'-ik). Pertaining to
neuromimesis.

neuromuscular (nu-ro-mus'-ku-lar) [neuro-; muscu-
lar]. Pertaining conjointly to nerves and muscles.

neuromyelitis {nu-ro-mi-el-i'-tis) [neuro-; myelitis].
Inflammation of myelonic substance or of the
medulla spinalis.

neuromyology (nic-ro-mi-ol'-o-je) [neuro-; myology].
The classification of muscles with regard to their
innervation.

neuromyopathic (nu-ro-mi-o-path'-ik) [neuro-; nvs,
muscle; -k&Bos, disease]. Relating to disease of both
muscles and nerves. .

neuromyositis (nu-ro-mi-o-si'-tis) [neuro-; my-
ositis]. Myositis associated with neuritis.

neuron, neurone (nu'-ron, nu'-ron) [v&jpov, nerve],
i. The cerebrospinal axis taken as a whole, a. One
of the countless number of units of which the nervous
system is composed. Each neuron consists of a cell
and a series of processes. In every physiological
act involving the nervous system at least two,
usually more, neurons participate. The neuron at
which the impulse starts is termed archineuron;
the one at the termination, the teleneuron. See also
nerve-cell, n.s, Edinger's law concerning. See
under Edinger. n.s, Goldscheider-Marinesco's law
concerning. See under Golds cheider. n., inter-
nuncial, one interposed between an afferent neurone
and an efferent neurone, n.-threshold, the degree
of excitation of a neuron whicMf' just suffices to
produce a sensation in another with which it is in
contact.

neuronal, neuronic (nu'-ron-al, nu-ron'-ik). i. Re-
lating to a neuron. 2. Trade name of a preparation
said to be sedative and hypnotic.

neuronephric (nu-ro-nef'-rik) [neuro-; ve<f>p6s, the
kidney]. Pertaining to the nervous and renal sys-
tems.

neuronophagia, neuronophagy (nu-ron-o-fa'-je-ah,
nu-ron-off'-aj-e) [neuro-; tpayelv, to eat]. The de-
struction of neurones by phagocytes.

neuronosus (nu-ron'-o-sus) [neuro-; v6<ros, disease].
Synonym of neurosis, n. of the skin, neurotic skin-
disease.

neuronymy (nu-ron'-im-e) [neuro-; ovvfia, a name].
Neurologic nomenclature.

neuronyxis (nu-ro-niks'-is) [neuro-; vvaoeiv, to
prick]. The puncturing of nerves.

neuro-occipital {nu-ro-ok-sip'-it-al). Relating to a
neural arch and the occiput.

neuroparalysis (nu-ro-par-al'-is-is) [neuro-; par-
alysis]. Paralysis due to disease of a nerve.

neuropathic (nil-ro-path'-ik) [neuro-; irLBos, dis-
ease]. 1. Characterized by a diseased or imperfect
nervous system. 2. Depending upon or pertaining
to nervous disease, n. eschar, a bed-sore following
disease of the spinal cord.

neuropathogenesis (nu-ro-path-o-jen'-es-is) [neuro- ;
pathogenesis]. The development of a disease of the
nervous system.

neuropathology (nu-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [neuro-; path-
ology]. The pathology of diseases of the nervous
system.

neuropathy (nu-rop'-ath-e) [neuro-; irados, disease].
Any nervous disease.

neurophlegmon (nu-ro-fleg'-mon) [neuro-; phleg-
mon]. Neuritis.

neurophonia (nil-ro-fo'-ne-ah) [neuro-; <f>wvr), voice].
A rare choreic disease of the larynx and muscles of
expiration characterized by the utterance of sharp,
spasmodic cries.

neurophysiology (nu-ro-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [neuro- ; physi-
ology]. The physiology of the nervous system.

neuropilem, neuropilema (nu-ro-pi'-lem, -pi-le'-
mah) [neuro-; iriXos, felt]. The dense mat of fibrils
formed in some parts by the branching nerve-
processes.

neuroplasm (nu'-ro-plazm) [neuro-; liKaaraeiv, to
mold]. The protoplasm filling the interstices of the
fibrils of nerve-cells.

neuroplasty (nu'-ro-plas-te) [see neuroplasm], A
plastic operation on the nerves; nerve-grafting.

neuroplex, neuroplexus (nii'-ro-pleks, nu-ro-pleks'-
us). A plexus of nerves.

neuroploca (nu-rop'-lo-kah) [neuro-; ttXokti, a
twisting]. A ganglion of the nervous system.

neuropodium (nu-ro-po'-de-um) [neuro-; irovs, foot:
pi., neuropodia]. A dendraxon.

neuropore (nu'-ro-Por) [neuro-; iropos, pore]. A
small opening at the anterior extremity of the
primary telencephalon; a pore between the neural
canal and the exterior, in certain embryos.

neuropsychology (nu-ro-si-kol'-o-je) [neuro-; psy-
chology], A system of psychology based on neurology.

neuropsychopathy (nu-ro-si-kop'-ath-e) [neuro-;
ipvxn, mind; voaos, disease]. A mental disease based
upon, or manifesting itself in, nervous disorders or
symptoms.

neuropsychosis (nu-ro-si-ko'-sis) [neuro-; psy-
chosis], A combined nervous and mental disease.

neurorelapse (nu-ro-re-laps'). The manifestation
of nervous symptoms in syphilis occurring after an
injection of salvarsan.

neuroretinitis (nu-ro-ret-in-i'-lis) [neuro-; retinitis].
Inflammation of both the optic nerve and the retina.

neurorrhaphy (nu-ror'-a-fe) [neuro-; t>a<t>T}, suture].
The operation of suturing a divided nerve.

neurorrheuma (nu-ror-ru'-mah) [neuro-; pevfia,
flow]. Nervous force.

neurorrhexis (nu-ro-reks'-is). The forcible tearing
out of a nerve in the treatment of persistent neuralgia.

Neurorrhyctes hydrophobic (nu-ro-rik'-tes hi-dro-
fo'-be-e) [neuro-; opwcrT/s, a digger]. A Negri body,
supposed to be the cause of rabies.

neurosal (nu-ro'-sal). Pertaining to, or of the
nature of, a neurosis.

neurosarcokleisis (nu-ro-sar-ko-kli'-sis) [neuro-;
<rap£, flesh; /cXeio-is, closure]. An operation performed
for the relief of neuralgia; pressure on the affected
nerve is relieved by partial resection of the osseous
canal through which it passes, and transplanting it
(the nerve) in the soft tissues.

neurosarcoma (nu-ro-sar-ko'-mah). A combined
neuroma and sarcoma.

neurosclerosis (nu-ro-skle-ro'-sis) [neuro-; akXypos,
hard]. Sclerosis of nervous tissue.

neurosin (nu-ro'-sin) [neuron], A trade name for
several preparations, containing calcium, glycerol,
and phosphates.

neurosis (nu-ro'-sis) [neuron]. Any morbid nerv-
ous state. A functional disease of the nervous
system — a disturbance of the nerve-centers or
peripheral nerves not due to any demonstrable
structural change, n., cyclists', painful hyper-
esthesia of the skin of the scrotum, perineum,
and thighs from excess in bicycle-riding, n., fatigue,
neurasthenia, n., occupation-, n., professional, a
functional disorder affecting groups of muscles used
in the performance of special movements, n.,
traumatic, any deviation from the normal state of
the nervous system caused by violence, n., West-
phal's. See under Westphal.

neurosism (jiu'-ro-sizm). Same as neurasthenia.

neuroskeleton (nu-ro-skeV -et-on) [neuro-; skeleton].
The vertebrate endoskeleton, or true skeleton; so-
called from being made up of parts that correspond
with and largely serve to protect portions of the
central nervous system.

neurosomes (nii'-ro-somz) [neuro-; aufia, a body].
Minute granules, variable in size, observed at the
nodal points of the protoplasm of axis-cylinders.

neurospasm (nu'-ro-spazm) [neuro-; spasm].
Nervous spasm or twitching of a muscle.

neurospongium (nu-ro-spun'-je-iim) [neuro-; 0-71-07-
ylov, dim. of 0-71-67705, a sponge]. The inner reticular
layer of the retina.

neurostearic (nu-ro-ste-ar'-ik) [neuro-; arkap, fat].
Pertaining to nervous tissue and fat. n. acid,
C18H36O2. An acid isomeric with stearic acid,
occurring in the brain.

neurosthenia (nu-ro-sthe'-ne-ah) [neuro-; adkvos,
power]. Great nervous power, or abnormal excitation
of the nervous centers.

neurosuture {nu-ro-su'-tur). The suture of" a
nerve.

neurotabes (nu-ro-ta'-bez) [neuro-; tabes, wasting],
A form of multiple neuritis resembling posterior
sclerosis.

neurotagma (nu-ro-tag'-mah) [neuro-; rayna, that
which has been arranged]. A linear arrangement of
the structural elements of a neuron.

neurotension {n-H-ro-ten'-shun). See neurectasis.

neurothele (nu-ro-the'-le) [neuro-; dri\r], a nipple].
A nerve-papilla.

neurotneleitis, neurothelitis {nu-ro-the-le-i'-tis, nu-
ro-the-li'-tis). Inflammation of a nerve papilla.

neurothelion, neurothelium (nii-ro-the'-le-on, -urn)
[neurothele], A small nerve-papilla.

NEUROTHERAPY

609

NICOTINISM

neurotherapy (nu-ro-ther'-ap-e) [neuro-; Bepaireia,
treatment]. The treatment of nervous diseases.

neurothlipsis (nu-ro-thlip'-sis) [neuro-; 0\i(3eiv,
to press]. Pressure on a nerve.

neurotic (nu-rot'-ik) [neuron], i. Pertaining to the
nerves; nervous. 2. Pertaining to neuroses. 3.
Having a disordered nervous system; suffering from a
neurosis.

neurotica (nil-rot' -ik-ah) [neuron]. Functional
nervous diseases.

neuroticism (nu-rot' -is-izm) . The condition of
having a disordered nervous system or of suffering
from a neurosis.

neurotization (nu-rot-iz-a' -shun) . The regeneration
of a divided nerve.

neurotome (nu'-ro-tom) [neuro-; tout), a cutting].

1. A needle-like knife for the division of a nerve.

2. The nerve tissues of an embryonic metamere; a
neural segment or neuromere.

neurotomy (nu-rot' -o-me) [see neurotome]. The
division of a nerve.

neurotonia, neurotony (nil-ro-to'-ne-ah, nu-rot'-
on-e). See nerve-stretching.

neurotonic (nu-ro-ton'-ik). 1. Pertaining to
neurotony. 2. Having a tonic effect upon the
nerves, n. reaction, a rare form of electric reaction
exhibited in a persistent tetanic quivering of the
muscles following irritation of the nerve-stems.

neurotoxic (nil-ro-toks'-ik) [neuro-; to£lk6v, a
poison]. Having toxic action on neurons.

neurotoxin (nu-ro-toks'-in). A cy to toxin capable
of destroying nerve cells.

neurotripsy (nu-ro-trip'-se) [neuro-; rplfieip, to rub].
The crushing of a nerve.

neurotrophasthenia (nu-ro-trof-as-the'-ne-ah) [neu-
ro-; rpcxpr], nourishment; asthenia]. Malnutrition of
the nerves.

neurotrophic (nu-ro-tro'-fik) [neuro-; rpcxpri, nourish-
ment]. Depending on or attained through the
trophic influence exercised by the nerves.

neurotrophy (nu-rot'-ro-fe) [neuro-; rpo<pi), nourish-
ment]. The nourishment of a nerve.

neurotropic (nu-ro-trop'-ik) [neuro-; rpoiros, a turn].
That which "turns towards" (*. e., has a chemical
affinity for) nervous tissue.

neurotropism (nil-rot' -ro-pizm) [neuro-; rpbiros, a
turn]. The attraction or repulsion exercised upon
regenerating nerve-fibers. A substance is said to
have positive neurotropism when these regenerating
nerve-fibers have a tendency to grow toward and
into it; negative, when they avoid it.

neurotrosis, neurotrosmus (nil-rot' -ro-sis, nu-ro-
troz'-mus) [neuro-; rpibais, a wounding]. The wound-
ing of a nerve. _

neurovaricosis (nu-ro-var-ik-o'-sis) [neuro-; varix].
A varicosity on a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one.

neurovascular (nu-ro-vas'-ku-lar). Pertaining to
both the nervous and vascular structures.

neurypnology (nu-rip-nol'-o-je). See neurohyp-
nology.

Neusser's granules (noy'-ser) [Edmund von
Neusser, Austrian physician, 1852- ]. Baso-
philic granules sometimes found in the leukocytes
of the blood, near the nuclei. They are regarded
by Xeusser as being closely connected with the uric-
acid diathesis, but their presence has been noticed
also in other conditions.

neutral (nu'-tral) [neuter, neither]. Neither alka-
line nor acid; bland and soothing; inactive, n.
mixture, solution of potassium citrate. See potassium
citrate, solution of.

neutralization (nu-lral-iz-a'-shun) [neuter, neither].
That process or operation that precisely counter-
balances or cancels the action of an agent. In medi-
cine, the process of checking the operation of any
agent that produces a morbid effect. In chemistry,
a change of reaction to that which is neither alkaline
nor acid.

neutralize (nu-tral'-iz) [neutral]. To render neutral;
to render inert; to counterbalance an action or influ-
ence.

neutrolactis (nu-tro-lak'-tU). A galactagogue said
to be a liquid extract of Galega officinalis.

neutrophil, neutrophile (nu'-tro-fil) [neuter, neither;
<pCKm, loving]. 1. Stained readily by neutral dyes;
applied to certain cells. 2. A leukocyte or histological
element readily stainable with neutral dyes. n.
leukocytes, leukocytes the protoplasm of which con-
tains granules colored by neutral stains.

nevoid (ne'-void) [ncevus, birth-mark; eUos, like].
21

Resembling a nevus, n. elephantiasis. See lymph-
scrotum.

nevolipoma (ne-vo-lip-o'-mah). A rare form of
lipoma containing a large number of blood-vessels,
considered a degenerated nevus.

nevose (ne'-vos) [nevus]. Spotted, having naevi.

nevus, naevus (ne'-vus) [L., ncevus; pi., ncevi].

1. A circumscribed area of pigmentation; a mole.

2. An angioma of the skin, usually congenital.
Syn., mother's mark, naevus araneus. See acne
rosacea, n., capillary, one that involves the capil-
laries of the skin, n., cutaneous, a nevus of the
skin, naevus fiammeus, port-wine mark, a diffuse,
very slightly raised red or purplish variety of naevus
maternus, involving part of the face, naevus lipo-
matodes, a large, soft mole containing a quantity of
fat and loose connective tissue, naevus maternus.
See nevus (2). naevus pigmentosus, a mole; a cir-
cumscribed, congenital pigmentary deposit in the
skin, varying in color from a light fawn to a blackish
tint, and often associated with hypertrophy of
the hairs, naevus vascularis. See nevus (2). naevus
vascularis fungosus, n. vascularis tuberosus, a
cavernous angioma marked by formation of red or
bluish erectile tumors.

newgrowth (nu'-groth). A circumscribed new
formation of tissue, characterized by abnormality of
structure or location. As generally used, the term
includes all true tumors, as well as tumor-like growths
due to microorganisms, as the gumma and tuberculous
tumor. Syn., neoplasm.

Newton's color-rings (nu'-ton) [Sir Isaac Newton,
English physicist, 1642-1726]. The colorings pro-
duced when a cover-glass is pressed upon a slide;
they are the result of chromatic aberration.

nexus (neks' -us) [nectere, to bind]. A tying or
binding together; an interlacing, n. nervorum opti-
corum, the chiasm, n. stamineus oculi, the ciliary
body.

N. F. Abbreviation of National Formulary, q. v.

Ni. The chemical symbol for, nickel.

nibble (nib' -I). To gnaw; to eat in small bits.

niccolic (nik-ol'-ik) [niccolum, nickel]. Containing
nickel.

niccolum (nik'-ol-um). Latin for nickel.

nickel (nik'-l) [G.]. Symbol Ni; atomic weight
58.68; quantivalence II, IV. A metal of silver-white
luster, resembling iron in phsyical properties. See
elements, table of chemical, n. bromide, NiBr2 +3H2O,
has been used in epilepsy. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-
0.65 Gm.). n. chloride, NiCh, has been used as a
tonic in anemia. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). n. sul-
phate, NiS04+7H20, has been used as a tonic.
Dose |-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.).

nicking (nik'-ing) [origin obscure]. The incising
of a horse's tail near the root, to cause it to be carried
higher.

Nickle's test for distinguishing glucose from cane-
sugar (ne-kla') [Francois Joseph Jerome Nickle,
French chemist, 1821-1869]. Heat the sugar for
some time to ioo° C. with carbon tetrachloride;
cane-sugar is turned black by the process and glucose
is not.

nico (nik'-o). Same as symphorol, q. v.

Nicol's prism (nik'-ol) [William Nicol, English
physicist, 1768-1851]. A polished prism of Iceland-
spar, cut diagonally across the principal axis, the
sections being joined together by means of Canada
balsam . 1 1 has the property of reflecting the ordinary
ray of light out of the field, while the so-called polar-
ized ray is transmitted.

Nicolaier's bacillus (nik-o-li'-er) [Arthur Nicolaier,
German physician, 1862- ]. The Bacillus tetani.

nicotiana (nik-o-she-a'-nah) [Jean Nicot, French
diplomat, 1530-1600]. See tobacco.

nicotianin (nik-o-she-a'-nin). The volatile prin-
ciple to which tobacco owes its flavor.

nicotianomania (nik-o-she-an-o-ma'-ne-ah) [nicotine ;
mania]. Insane craving for tobacco.

nicotine (nik' -o-ten) , OoHuNi. A liquid poisonous
alkaloid found in the leaves of the tobacco-plant.
n. bitartrate, white soluble crystals used in tetanus
and as an antidote in strychnine-poisoning, n.
salicylate, hexagonal tablets containing 54 % of
nicotine; recommended in scabies in 1 % lanolin
ointment, n. tartrate, CioH^MOHeOe) +2H2O, a
solution more stable than that of the free alkaloid or
the other salts.

nicotinism (nik'-o-tin-izm) [nicotine]. The morbid
effects from the continued or excessive use of tobacco.

NICOULIN

610

NITRIC

nicoulin (nik'-oo-lin). A drug which has been used
in tetanus.

nictation (nik-ta'-shun) . Same as nictitation.

nictitating (nik'-tit-a-ting) [see nictitation]. Winking.
n. membrane. See membrane, nictitating, n. spasm,
blepharospasm.

nictitation (nik-tit-a'-shun) [nictitare, to wink].
Abnormal frequency of winking.

nidal (ni'-dal). Pertaining to a nidus.

nidation (ni-da'-shun) [nidus, nest]. The develop-
ment of an endometrial epithelium in an inter-
menstrual period.

nidulus (nid'-u-lus). The nucleus or origin of a
nerve.

nidus (ni'-dus) [L., "nest"], i. A central point
or focus of infection; a place in which an organism
finds conditions suitable for growth and development.
2. A collection of ganglion-cells at the deep origin of
a cranial nerve; a nucleus, n. avis, n. hirundinis, a
deep fossa in the cerebellum situated between the
posterior medullary velum in front and the nodule
and uvula behind.

Niemeyer's pill (ne'-mi-er) [Felix von Niemeyer,
German physician, 1820-1871]. 1. A pill of quinine,
1 gr., digitalis, \ gr., and opium, \ gr. It is used in
pulmonary tuberculosis, and is taken every six hours.
2. A pill of digitalis, squill and calomel or mass of
mercury; used as a diuretic.

night-blindness. See nyctalopia.

night-blooming cereus. See cactus grandiflorus.

night-cries. A symptom of nervous or physical
^disorders of children, and especially of the early
'stage of hip-disease. The child cries out in its sleep
from pain produced by reflex spasmodic twitching of
the muscles already abnormally irritable.

nightingale (ni' -tin- gal) [after Florence Night-
ingale, a nurse, 1820-1910]. A short cape used in
hospitals to protect the shoulders and chest of nurses
and patients.

nightmare [AS., neaht, night; mara, mare]. A
dream characterized by great distress and a sense of
oppression or suffocation.

night-pain. A symptom of hip-disease; pain in
the hip or knee occurring during muscular relaxation
of the limb in sleep.

night palsy. Numbness of the extremities occurring
during the night, or on waking in the morning,
affecting women about the period of the menopause.

nightshade (nit' -shad). A name applied to plants
of the genus Solanum. n., deadly, a poisonous plant,
Atropa belladonna. See belladonna.

night-soil. The contents of privy-vaults (often
removed in the night). This material is largely
employed as manure.

night-sweat. The profuse nocturnal sweating
often observed in pulmonary tuberculosis and other
wasting disorders.

night-terrors (nit'-ter-orz). Distressing dreams
occurring in children and causing them to wake up
with cries of fear. Syn., pavor nocturnus.

night-walking. See somnambulism.

nigranilin (ni-gran'-il-in). Anilin-black.

nigredo (ni-gre'-do) [niger, black]. Same as
melasma.

nigrescent (ni-gres'-ent) [nigrescere, to become
black]. Turning black; blackish, dusky.

nigrismus (ni-griz'-mus) [L.]. Synonym of nigredo.
n. linguae, black tongue.

nigritia, nigrities (ni-grish'-e-ah, ni-grish' -e-ez) .
Same as nigrismus, and glossophytia.

nigrosine (ni'-gro-sen) [niger, black]. A blue-
black anilin dye. used in staining brain tissue.

nihil album (ni'-hil). Flowers of zinc; crude zinc
oxide, n. grascum, zinc oxide.

nihilism (ni'-hil-izm) [nihil, nothing]. Pessimism
in regard to the efficacy of drugs.

niin (ni'-in). A fatty substance allied to and
probably identical with axin.

Nikiforoff's method of fixation of blood-films
(nik-e-for'-off) [Mikhail Nikiforovich Nikiforoff,
Russian physician, 1858- ]. This consists in
immersion of the dried films in ether, in absolute
alcohol, or in a mixture of equal parts of the two.

Nikolsky's sign (nik-ol'-ske) [Pyotr Vasilyevich
Nikolsky, Russian dermatologist, 1855- ]. Ex-
cessive sensibility of the skin with loss of the super-
ficial layer, on receipt of a slight injury.

ninhydrin (nin-hi'-drin). Trade name of triketo-
hydrindene-hydrate, C6H4(CO)2C(OH)2. It is soluble
in water, and gives a color reaction with albumin,

peptones, polypeptids and amino acids. It is also
used in Abderhalden's test for pregnancy.

ninth nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve. For-
merly the hypoglossal nerve (the twelfth) was called
the ninth nerve.

niobium (ni-o'-be-um) [Nio0r}, the daughter of
Tantalus]. A rare metal, akin to bismuth and to
antimony; symbol Nb; atomic weight 93.5. It is also
known as columbium. Its medicinal properties are
little known. [ See Elements, Table of.

niphablepsia (nif-ah-blep'-se-ah) [vl<j>a, snow;
&p\&pla, blindness]. Snow-blindness.

niphotyphlosis (nif-o-tif-lo'-sis) [vi<f>a, snow; tv<1>-
\w<Tis, blindness]. Snow-blindness.

niopo [Venezuelan name]. A snuff prepared from
the seeds of Piptadenia peregrina, which produces
an intoxication approaching frenzy.

nippers (nip'-erz). An instrument for seizing
small bodies, n., bone, an instrument for grasping
small bits of bone.

nipple (nip'-l) [allied to neb, the beak of a bird,
from AS., nebb, the face]. The conical projection in
the center of the mamma, containing the outlets of
the milk-ducts, n., cracked, a nipple the epidermis
of which is broken in places, n., crater. See «.,
retracted, n.-line, a vertical line drawn on the surface
of the chest through the nipple, n.-protector, a
device worn by nursing women to protect the nipple.
It is called also a nipple-shield, n., retracted, a
nipple drawn below the surrounding level, n. shield.
Seen, protector.

nirls, nirles (nerlz) [origin obscure]. A variety of
herpes.

nirlus (nir'-lus) [origin obscure]. An ephemeral
papular eruption sometimes following measles or
scarlatina.

nirvanine (nir-van'-en). The hydrochloride of
diethylglycocoll-paraamido-o-oxybenzoic-methyl- es-
ter, It is a local anesthetic, one-tenth as toxic as
cocaine, used by Schleich's infiltration method in
0.2-o.s % solution; in dentistry in 2 to 5 % solution.

Nisbet's chancre [William Nisbet, English physi-
cian, 1759-1822]. Nodular abscesses on the penis
following acute lymphangitis from soft chancre.
Syn., Bubonuli nisbethii.

Nissl's bodies (nis'-l) [Franz Nissl, German
neurologist, i860- ]. Chromophile corpuscles.
The chromophilic bodies of a nerve-cell; finely granu-
lar bodies, of various sizes and shapes, brought out
between the cytoreticulum by staining with Nissl's
stain. Syn., tigroid masses. N.'s degeneration, the
slow atrophic change which a neurone undergoes
when it is prevented from functionating. N.'s
stain, methylene-blue.

nisus (ni'-sus) [L., "effort," from niti, to endeavor].
1. Any strong effort or struggle. 2. The periodic
desire for procreation manifested in the spring season
by certain species of animals. 3. The contraction
of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles for the
expulsion of the feces or the urine.

nit [AS,, hnitu, a nit]. The egg or larva of a
louse.

niter (ni'-ter) [Ar., nitrun, natron]. Potassium
nitrate or saltpeter, n., cubic, sodium nitrate.
n., rough, magnesium chloride, n., sweet spirit of
(spiritus cetheris nitrosi, U. S. P.), spirit of nitrous
ether, an alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite. Dose
in fever 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc); as a diuretic 30-60
min. (2-4 Cc).

Nithsdale neck [Nithsdale, a valley in Dumfries,
Scotland]. Goiter.

niton (ni'-ton). A name proposed by Ramsey for
radium emanation considered as a new element;
symbol Nt, atomic weight 222.4.

nitragin (ni'-traj-in). A nitrifying bacterial fer-
ment obtained from the root-tubercles of leguminous
plants.

nitrate (ni'-trat). A salt of nitric acid.

nitrated (ni' -Ira-ted). Combined with nitric acid.

nitratine (ni'-tra-ten). Sodium nitrate.

nitration (ni-tra'-shun) [nitric]. The process of
combining or treating with nitric acid.

nitre (ni'-ter). See niter.

nitric (ni'-trik) [niter]. Pertaining to or containing
niter, n. acid. See acid, nitric, n.-acid test, attest
for albumin, consisting in the addition of nitric acid
to the suspected fluid — if albumin is present, a pre-
cipitate is formed. The test is usually applied
by superimposing the suspected fluid over the acid.
Syn., Heller's test.

NITRIFICATION

611

NOBLE CELLS

nitrification (ni-trif-ik-a'-shun) [niter; facer e, to
make]. The conversion of the nitrogen of ammonia
and organic compounds into nitrous and nitric acids,
a process constantly going on in nature under the
influence of certain bacteria and other agencies.

nitrifier (ni'-trif-i-er). A nitrifying microorganism.

nitrifying (ni'-trif-i-ing). Applied to bacteria
which oxidize ammonia to nitrous and nitric
acids.

nitril (ni'-tril) [niter]. A compound of cyanogen
with an alcohol radical in which the nitrogen is
trivalent and the radical is united to the remaining
carbon atom. The nitrils are readily converted into
acids.

nitrite (ni'-trit) [niter]. A salt of nitrous acid.
See amyl nitrite, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite.
The nitrites produce dilatation of the blood-vessels,
diminution of the blood-pressure, increased rapidity
of the pulse, and depression of the motor centers in
the spinal cord. They are used as antispasmodics
in asthma and angina pectoris, in spasmodic dys-
menorrhea, tetanus, epileptic and hysterical convul-
sions, and in cases of arteriosclerosis with high
arterial tension. Full doses in man give rise to flush-
ing of the face, throbbing, and headache. For test,
see Griess.

nitro- (ni-tro-) [niter], i. A prefix denoting combi-
nation with the univalent radical NO2. 2. A prefix
denoting combination with nitrogen.

nitro-anisol (ni-tro-an' -is-ol) , C7H7NO2. A deriva-
tive of anisol.

nitrobacter (ni-tro-bak'-ter). The bacillus nitro-
bacter, a nitrifying bacterium.

nitrobacteria (ni-tro-bak-te'-re-ah) [nitro-; bacteria].
Bacteria that convert ammonia into nitric acid.

nitrobenzol, nitrobenzene (ni-tro-ben'-zol, ni-tro-
ben'-zen), C6H5NO2. An oily, sweetish liquid made
by the action of strong nitric acid on benzol. It is
an intermediate product in the manufacture of anilin
oil, and is employed as a flavoring agent under the
name of artificial oil of bitter almonds or oil of
mirbane. It is a powerful poison, resembling hydro-
cyanic acid in action. Persons engaged in its manu-
facture often suffer from headache and drowsiness.

nitrobenzolism (ni-tro-ben'-zol-izm). Poisoning by
nitrobenzol through ingestion of some liquor con-
taining it, through inhalation of its vapor, or through
cutaneous absorption.

nitrocellulose (ni-tro-sel'-u-los). See pyroxylin.

nitroerythrol (ni-tro-er'-ith-rol), CtH6(NOs)4. But-
ane tetranitrate, obtained by dissolving erythrol in
nitric acid; large glistening plates melting at 6i° C.
It explodes on percussion; used in the same manner
as nitroglycerin.

nitroform (ni'-tro-form), CH(N02)3. An oily acid
compound, chemically analogous to chloroform. It
is usually obtained by treating biliary acids with
nitric acid.

nitrogen (ni'-tro-jen) [nitro-; yewav, to produce].
Symbol N; atomic weight 14.01; quantivalence I, III,
V. A nonmetallic element existing free in the atmos-
phere, of which it constitutes about 77 % by weight.
It is a colorless, odorless gas, incapable of sustaining
life. Chemically it is very inert, and combines directly
with but few elements. It is an important consti-
tuent of all animal and vegetable tissues, n.-equi-
librium, the state of an animal in which, during a
definite period, the nitrogen of the excreta equals
in amount the nitrogen of the food.

nitrogenized (ni-troj'-en-izd). Containing nitrogen.

nitrogenous {ni-troj'-en-us) [nitrogen]. Containing
nitrogen.

nitrogenuric diabetes (ni-lro-jen-u'-rik). Same as
azoturic diabetes. See under diabetes.

nitroglucose (ni-lro-gloo'-kos). A substance ob-
tained from glucose by action of nitric and sulphuric
acids. It is used as an arterial stimulant. Dose of
5 % solution \-i min. (0.016-0.065 Cc).

nitroglycerin (ni-tro-glis'-er-in) [nitro-; glycerin],
C3Hs(N03)3. Glonoin, glyceryl trinitrate, a colorless,
oily liquid produced by the action of sulphuric and
nitric acids upon glycerol. It is a powerful explosive;
physiologically it has the actions of the nitrites, but
is more persistent than amyl nitrite, which it most
resembles. Dose ^hs~%^ gr. (0.0003-0.0013 Gm.).
n., spirit of (spiritus glycerylis nitratis, U. S. P.),
spirit of glyceryl trinitrate, a 1 % alcoholic solu-
tion. Dose 1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 Cc). n., tablets of
(tabellae nitroglycerin, B. P.), contain each TJ5 gr.
(0.0006 Gm.) of nitroglycerin.

nitrohydrochloric acid (ni-tro-hi-dro-klo'-rik). See
acid, nitrohydrochloric.

nitrolevulose (ni-tro-lev'-u-los). Dextrose nitrate.
It has properties similar to nitroglycerin.

nitrolin (ni'-tro-lin) [niter; oleum, oil]. An ex-
plosive compound consisting of a mixture of cellulose,
niter, and nitrosaccharose.

nitrometer (ni-trom'-et-er) [nitrogen; perpov, mea-
sure]. An apparatus for collecting and measuring
nitrogen gas, or for decomposing nitrogen oxides and
estimating the resulting gases.

nitromonas (ni-tro-mo'-nas) [nitro-; novas, unit],
A group of bacteria occurring in the soil, which con-
vert ammonium salts into nitrites and nitrites into
nitrates. They will not grow in gelatin or other
organic media.

nitromuriatic acid (ni-tro-mu-re-at'-ik). See acid,
nitrohydrochloric.

nitropropiol (ni-tro-pro' -pe-oV) . A preparation of
orthonitrophenyl-propiolic acid and sodium carbo-
nate; used for detecting sugar in the urine, n. test
for sugar in the urine, place 10 to 15 drops of urine
in test-tube, add 10 Cc. distilled water and a nitro-
propiol tablet, and heat two to four minutes. In the
presence of sugar there is first a green coloration,
followed by an intensely blue color. This will indi-
cate 0.3 % of sugar, and only takes place if grape-
sugar is actually present. If much albumin is present,
first eliminate it by shaking with salt or chloroform.

nitrosaccharose (ni-tro-sak' -ar-os) [nitro-; a-oKxapov,
sugar]. An unstable, resinous, explosive compound
produced by treating saccharose with nitric acid.

nitrosalol (ni-tro-sa'-lol), C6H4(OH)C02. CeHUNCk.
A yellowish powder melting at 1480 C, soluble in
alcohol or ether, insoluble in water; it is used in
making salophen.

nitroso- (ni-tro-so-) [niter]. A prefix signifying
combination with nitrosyl, the univalent radical NO.

nitrosobacter (ni-tro-so-bak'-ter). A rod-like form
of nitrifying bacteria.

nitrosobacteria (ni-tro-so-bak-te'-re-ah). See nitro-
bacteria.

nitrosococcus (ni-tro-so-kok'-us). A coccus form
of nitrifying bacteria. Cf. nitromonas.

nitrosomonas (ni-tro-so-mo'-nas). See nitromonas.

nitrosonitric acid (ni-tro-so-ni'-irik). Fuming
nitric acid containing nitrous acid gas.

nitrosophenyldimethylpyrazol (ni-tro-so-fen-il-di-
meth-il-pir' -az-ol) , CnHn(NO)N20. A reaction-
product of a solution of sodium nitrite with a solution
of antipyrin in acidulated water; it is antipyretic,
analgesic, and diuretic. Syn., isonitrosoantipyrin.

nitro-sugars (ni-tro-shug'-erz). A class of sub-
stances, such as nitroglucose, used as vasodilators.

nitrosyl (ni-tro' -sil). The univalent radical NO-
n. sulphate, NOHSO*. a nitrosyl substitution deriva-
tive of sulphuric acid; recommended as a disinfectant-
nitrous (ni'-trus) [niter]. 1. Containing nitrogen
as a univalent or trivalent element. 2. Pertaining
to or derived from nitrous acid. n. acid, HNOz, an
acid having one atom of oxygen less than nitric acid.
See Griess. n. ether, C2H5NO2, ethyl nitrite, a very
volatile liquid having properties similar to those of
amyl nitrite, n. oxide, N2O, used as a general anes-
thetic in dentistry and in minor surgery. Syn.,
hyponitrous oxide; laughing-gas; nitrogen protoxide.

nitroxyl (ni-troks'-il), NO2. A univalent radical
found in nitric acid.

niveau diagnosis (ne'-vo) [Ft. niveau, level].
Localization of the level of a (spinal) tumor or other
lesion.

nizin (ni'-zin). Trade name applied to a zinc salt
of sulphanilic acid.

N.N.R. An abbreviation for New and Non-
official Remedies, i. e., those that have been approved
by the Council of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the
American Medical Association.

No. An abbreviation of the Latin numero, "to
the number of."

noasthenia (no-as-the' -ne-ah) [voos, mind; Lcrdkvei.a,
weakness]. Mental feebleness.

Nobel's (Le) test for acetone. A modification of
Legal's test. Le N.'s test for bile-pigments, add to
the liquid zinc chloride and a few drops of tincture
of iodine. A dichroic play of colors is the result.

noble cells. The cells of muscles, nerves and
organs, in contradistinction to epithelial and con-
nective tissue cells, n. elements. 1. The same as
noble cells. 2. The same as noble metals, n. metals,
metals which do not oxidize in exposuie to air;

NOCARODES

612

NOORDEN TREATMENT

they are gold, silver, platinum, mercury, palladium,
rhodium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium.

nocarodes (no-kar-o'-dez) [vwKap, lethargy; eZSos,
like]. Lethargic.

Nocht-Romanowsky stain (nokt'-ro-man-off'-ske).
This requires two solutions: I. Methylene blue,
i.o gram; sodium carbonate, 0.5 gram; distilled water,
100. 0 grams. Heat at 6o° C. for two days until
solution shows a slight purplish color. II. Eosin,
soluble, yellowish, 1.0 gram; distilled water, 100.0 c.c.
Mix a few drops of each of these solutions with about
10 c.c. of distilled water in an Esmarch dish; the
smear, which has previously been fixed in absolute
methyl alcohol, is then floated on this mixture for
about ten minutes.

nociassociation (no-se-as-o-se-a'-shun) [nocere, to
injure]. The release of nervous activity as mani-
fested by shock or exhaustion, the result of trauma
or surgical operation. See anociassociation.

nociceptive (no-se-sep'-tiv) [see nociceptor}. Cap-
able of receiving or transmitting painful or trau-
matic stimuli.

nociceptor (no-se-sep'-tor) [nocere, to injure;
caper e, to take]. A peripheral nerve organ or
mechanism by which stimuli of pain or trauma are
received and conveyed to the cerebrum.

noctambulation (nok-tam-bu-la'-shun) [nox, night;
ambulare, to walk]. Sleep-walking.

noctiphobia (nok-te-fo'-be-ah) [nox, night; <£6/3os,
fear]. Morbid fear of night and its darkness and
silence; at times a distressing accompaniment of
neurasthenia.

nocturnal (nok-tur'-nal) [nocturnus, pertaining to
the night]. Pertaining to the night, n. emission,
n. pollution, the discharge of semen without coitus
during sleep, n. enuresis, incontinence of urine at
night during sleep, n. epilepsy, epilepsy in which the
convulsions occur at night.

nocuity (nok-u'-it-e) [nocuus, injurious]. Injuri-
ousness; harmfulness; the quality of being noxious.

nocuous (nok'-u-us) [nocuus, injurious]. Noxious;
hurtful; venomous, n. meat, meat from animals
affected with disease that may be transmitted to
man.

nod. r. To drop the head forward with a quick,
involuntary motion. 2. The motion so made.

nodal (no'-dal) [nodus, a node]. Pertaining to a
node. n. point, the point of intersection of con- '
vergent rays of light with the visual axis of the eye.
The first nodal point is 6.9685 mm. behind the summit
of the cornea. The second nodal point is 7-3254 mm.
behind the summit of the cornea, or 0.1254 nun.
behind the lens.

nodding spasm (nod'-ing spazm). A nodding of the
head from spasm of the sternomastoid muscle.

node (nod) [nodus, a node]. 1. A knob, swelling,
or protuberance. 2. A point of narrowing or con-
striction, n., atrioventricular, n., auriculoventricu-
lar, a node in the right auricle which forms the starting
point of the. bundle of His. n. Haygarth's. See
under Haygarth. n., Heberden's. See under Heber-
den. n., Parrot's. See under Parrot, n., Ranvier's.
See under Ranvier. n., Schmidt's. See under
Schmidt, n. sinoatrial, n., sinoauricular, a node at
the entrance of the superior vena cava into the right
auricle, n., syphilitic, the localized swelling on bones
due to syphilitic periostitis.

nodose (no'-dos). Characterized by nodes; jointed
or swollen at intervals.

nodosity (no-dos'-it-e) [node]. 1. The state of hav-
ing nodes. 2. A node, n., Bouchard's. See under
Bouchard, n., Fereol's. See under Fereol. n.,
Haygarth's, n., Heberden's. See under Haygarth
and Heberden. n., Meynert's. See under Meynert.
n.s, piedric, those characteristic of piedra, a disease
of the hair due to a parasitic fungus.

nodular (nod'-u-lar) [nodule]. Composed of or
covered by nodules; resembling a nodule.

nodule (nod' -ill) [nodulus, dim. of nodus]. A small
node, n.s of Arantius. See corpora Arantii. n. of
cerebellum, the anterior termination of the inferior
vermiform process of the cerebellum, n.s, endo-
lymphangeal, small knobs formed within lymphatic
vessels by localized masses of adenoid tissue, n.,
lymph-, a more correct term for lymph-follicle, n.s,
lymphangeial, n.s, lymphatic, n.s, lymphoid, localized
masses of adenoid tissue consisting of branched
nucleated corpuscles holding lymphoid cells in the
spaces between them, n.s of Morgagni. Same as
n.s of Arantius.

noduli (nod'-u-li). Plural of nodulus.

nodulus (nod'-u-lus) [L.: pi., noduli], 1. See
nodule. 2. The nodule of the cerebellum, n. hys-
tericus. Same as globus hystericus, noduli albini, a
term given to certain small pathological knots oc-
casionally found on the free border of the auriculo-
ventricular valves.

nodus (no'-dus). See node.

noematachograph (no-e-mat-ak'-o-graf) [vbruia,
thought; Taxi's, swift; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. An instru-
ment for recording the time of mental operations.

noematochometer (no-em-at-ak-om'-et-ur) [v&rma,
a thought; raxte, swift; ukrpov, measure]. An appar-
atus for estimating the time taken in recording a
simple perception.

Noguchi's luetin reaction (no-goo' -tshe) [Hideyo
Noguchi, Japanese bacteriologist]. The intracu-
taneous injection of a drop of luetin is followed in
24 to 48 hours by an indurated papule with a red
center and a purple border, if syphilis is present.
N.'s modification of Wassermann's syphilis test, the
use of anti-human, instead of anti-sheep, hemolytic;
also of amboceptor, complement, and antigen test-
papers.

noisome (noi'-sum). Hurtful; noxious.

noli-me-tangere (no-li-me-tan'-jer-e) [L. "touch
me not"]. See ulcer, rodent.

noma (no'-mah) [vow, a corroding sore]. A grave
usually fatal, form of stomatitis, occurring in debili-
tated children, generally during the convalescence
from one of the exanthemata. It is characterized by
the formation of a rapidly spreading ulcer involving
the cheek and soon becoming gangrenous. It is a
parainfectious disease due to Bacillus diphtheritica.
Syn., cancrum oris; gangrcena oris; gangrenous
stomatitis, n. pudendi, n. vulvae, a similar ulceration
occurring about the genital region of female children.

nomadic (no-mad'-ik) [vop&s, roving]. Spreading;
said of ulcers.

nomenclature (no'-men-kla-tur) [nomen, a name;
calare, to call]. A systematic application and
arrangement of the distinctive names employed in
any science.

non- [non, not]. A prefix denoting negation.

non-access (non-ak'-ses) [non; accessus, an ap-
proach]. In medical jurisprudence, the failure to
cohabit. The reverse of access, q. v. A child born
under such circumstances is a bastard.

nonadherent (non-ad-he' -rent) [non, not; adhcerere,
to adhere]. Not connected to an adjacent organ or
part.

nonalbuminoid (non-al-bu'-min-oid). A nitrogen-
ous animal or vegetable compound of simpler composi-
tion than a proteid; nonproteid, e. g., the nitrogenous
extractive of muscular and connective tissue.

nonan (no' -nan) [nonus, ninth]. Having an exacer-
bation every ninth day.

non compos mentis (non kom'-pos men'-tis) [L.].
Of unsound mind.

nonconductor (non-kon-duk'-tor). Any substance
not transmitting electricity or heat.

nonigravida (non-e-grav'-id-ah) [nonus, ninth;
gravida, a pregnant woman]. A woman pregnant for
the ninth time.

nonipara (non-ip'-ar-ah) [nonus, ninth; par ere, to
bring forth]. A woman who has been in labor nine
times.

nonmetal (non-met' -al). An element that is not a
metal.

non-motile (non-mo' -til) [non; motilis, moving].
Not having the power of spontaneous motion.

non-naturals, the six. In the old hygiene, this
term designated air, food, exercise, sleep, secretion
(and excretion) , and mental activity.

nonose (no'-nos) [nonus, nine]. One of a group
of the glucoses, with the formula C9H18O9.

nonparous (non-par' -us). Same as nulliparous.

nonproteid (non-pro' -te-id). See nonalbuminoid.

non-restraint (non-re-strant') [non; Fr., restraindre,
to restrain]. The treatment of insanity without any
forcible means of compulsion.

non-sexual (non-seks'-u-al) [non; sexus, sex]. Same
as asexual.

nonus (no'-nus) [L., "ninth"]. The hypoglossal
nerve, which was the ninth under the old classifica-
tion of the cranial nerves. t

nonvalent (non-va'-lent). Without chemical val-
ency ; incapable of entering into chemic composition.

nonviable (non-vi'-ab-l). Incapable of living.

(von) Noorden treatment. See oat treatment.

NORDAUISM

613

NOSTOC

Nordauism (nor'-dow-izm) [Max Simon Nordau,
German scientist, 1849- ]. Degeneracy.

Nordhausen sulphuric acid (nord'-how-zen) [Nord-
hausen, a town in Saxony where it was first pre-
pared]. Fuming sulphuric acid; sulphuric acid con-
taining more or less sulphur trioxide.

nori (no' -re). A Japanese gelatin obtained from
Porphyra vulgaris, employed in cultivating protozoa.

norm [norma, a rule or measure]. A standard.

norma (nor'-mah). In anatomy, a view or aspect,
essentially of the skull, n. basilaris, the view of the
skull looking toward the inferior aspect, n. facialis,
the aspect looking toward the face. n. lateralis, a
profile view. n. occipitalis the aspect looking toward
the back of the skull, n. sagittalis, the view of the
skull seen in a mesial sagittal section, n. verticalis,
the aspect viewed from above, or that directed
toward the top of the skull.

normal {nor' -mat) [norma]. 1. Conforming to
natural order or law. 2. Having the typical struc-
ture, n. antitoxic serum, n. therapeutic serum, an
antitoxic blood-serum of which 0.1 Gm. is sufficient
to neutralize ten times the fatal dose of toxin for a
guinea-pig weighing 300 Gm. n. salt solution, n.
saline solution, an aqueous solution of sodium
chloride of a strength similar to that of the body-
fluids — usually 0.6 to 0.75 %. This is the commonly
accepted use of the term, but it is incorrect and
should be replaced by the term physiological solution.
n. solution, a solution containing in one liter a quan-
tity of the reagent equal to the molecular weight
in grams. A decinormal solution is one of one-tenth
the strength, and a centinormal solution one of one-
hundredth the strength, of the normal solution.

normoblast (nor' -mo-blast) [norma; /SXao-ros, a
germ]. A nucleated red corpuscle of the same size
as an ordinary red corpuscle.

normocyte (nor' -mo-sit) [norma; kvtos, a cell].
A red blood-corpuscle of normal size (7.5 p.).

normocytosis (nor-mo-si-to'-sis) [see normocyte].
A normal state of the corpuscles of the blood.

normotonic (nor -mo-ton' -ik) [norma; tovos, a
stretching]. Relating to normal muscular con-
traction; to a muscle working under normal physi-
ological conditions.

Norris's colorless corpuscles. Colorless, trans-
parent biconcave discs of the same size as the red
corpuscles, invisible in the serum because their color
and refractive index are the same as those of the
liquor sanguinis.

Norwegian itch. A variety of aggravated scabies
seen mainly in lepers.

Norwood's tincture (nor'-wood) [Wesley C. Nor-
wood, American physician]. A tincture of veratrum
viride, said to be prepared from the fresh root and to
contain 240 grains of veiatrum viride in each ounce of
alcohol.

nose (noz) [AS., nosu]. The prominent organ
occupying the center of the face, the upper part
(regio olfactoria) of which constitutes the organ of
smell, the lower part (regio respiratoria) represents
the commencement of the respiratory tract, in which
the inspired air is warmed, moistened, and deprived
of impurities. The nose consists of two symmetrical
cavities, separated by a septum, and is Uned internally
by mucous membrane (Schneiderian membrane).
n., bottle, an hypertrophied condition of the nose
with a varicose condition of its veins, usually associ-
ated with alcoholism, n. bridge of, the prominence
formed by the junction of the nasal bones, n.,
saddle, n., saddleback, n., swayback, one with a
depression in the bridge due to the loss of the septum.

nosebleed (noz' -bled). A hemorrhage from the
nose. Syn., epistaxis.

nosegay, Riolan's. The entire group of muscles
arising from the styloid process of the temporal bone.

nosema (nos-e'-mah) [p6<tos, disease]. 1. Illness;
disease. 2. A genus of microsporidia.

nosencephalus (nos-en-sef'-al-us). Same as noten-
cephalus.

nosepiece. A mechanical device to be attached to
a microscope for holding two, three, or four objectives.
It is screwed into the object-end of the tube of the
microscope.

noseresthesia (nos-er-es-the' -ze-ah) [nosema; alad-
*7<m, perception]. Perverted sensibility.

noserous (nos'-e-rus) [nosema]. Diseased; un-
healthy.

noso- (nos-o-) [voaos, disease1. A prefix signifying

nosochorologia (nos-o-kor-o-lo'-je-ah). See nosoch-
thonography.

nosocnthonography (nos-ok-thon-og'-raf-e) [noso- ;
xO&v, the earth; ypd<peiv, to write]. Geography of
endemic diseases; medical geography.

nosocomial (nos-o-ko'-me-al) [vbo-os, disease; KOfielv,
to take care of]. 1. Pertaining to a hospital, or a
nosocomium. 2. Applied to disease caused or aggra-
vated by hospital life. n. gangrene. Synonym of
hospital gangrene.

nosocomium (nos-o-ko'-me-um) [vbaos, disease;
KOfielv, to take care of]. A place designed for the
care of the sick. A hospital.

nosode (nos'-od) [voaudrjs, like a disease]. A
homeopathic or isopathic remedy.

nosodochium (nos-o-do'-ke-um). Synonym of
nosocomium.

nosogenesis (nos-o-jen'-es-is) . Synonym of nosogeny.

nosogenetic (nos-o-jen-et'-ik) [vbaos, disease; yeveais,
genesis]. Pertaining to nosogenesis.

nosogeny (nos-oj'-en-e) [noso-; yevvdv, to beget].
The development of diseases.

nosogeography (nos-o-je-og'-raf-e). See nosoch-
thonography.

nosographer (nos-og'-raf-er) [see nosography]. One
who writes descriptions of diseases.

nosographic (nos-o-graf'-ik) [vbo-os, disease; ypa<peii>,
to write]. Pertaining to nosography.

nosography (nos-og'-ra-fe) [noso-; ypaxpeiv, to writej.
A treatise on diseases.

nosohemia, nosohaemia (nos-o-he'-me-ah) [noso-;
alfxa, blood]. Disease of the blood.

nosointoxication (nos-o-in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [noso- ;
intoxication]. Autointoxication caused by pathological
processes which alter the normal course of meta-
bolism in such a way as to produce harmful products.

nosological (nos-o-loj'-ik-al) [vbaos, disease; \byos,
science]. Pertaining to nosology.

nosology (nos-ol'-o-je) [noso-; Xoyos, science].
The science of the classification of diseases.

nosomania (nos-o-ma'-ne-ah) [noso-; pavla, mad-
ness]. 1. A morbid dread of disease. 2. A delusion
that one is suffering from disease.

nosomycosis (nos-o-mi-ko'-sis) [vbo-os, disease;
ixvK-ns, fungus]. Any disease due to the presence of a
parasitic fungus, or schizomycete.

nosonomy (nos-on'-o-me) [noso-; ovopta, name].
The nomenclature of diseases.

nosoparasites (nos-o-par'-as-itz) [noso-; parasite].
Microorganisms found in conjunction with a disease
process, which, while capable of modifying the course
of the disease, are not its cause.

nosophen (nos'-o-fen), CeH^O^Ce^^OH^.
Tetraiodophenolphthalein, a yellowish-gray powder
without odor or taste, insoluble in water or acids,
slightly soluble in alcohol, more soluble in ether,
chloroform, or alkalies. It is used externally as a
substitute for iodoform, internally for catarrh of the
stomach and intestine. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.).
Syn., iodophen.

nosophobia (nos-o-fo'-be-ah) [voa-os, disease; <pbfios,
fear]. The insane, or exaggerated, fear of disease;
pathophobia.

nosophthoria (nos-off-thor'-e-ah) [vbaos, disease;
<pd6pa, destruction]. The eradication of diseases by
prophylactic measures.

nosophyte (nos'-o-fit) [noso-; <pvrbv, a plant].
Any pathogenic vegetable microorganism.

nosopoietic (nos-o-poi-et'-ik) [noso-; iroielv, to
make]. Causing disease.

nosotaxy (nos-o-taks'-e) [vbaos, disease; t&£«,
arrangement]. The classification of diseases.

nosotoxic (nos-o-toks' -ik) . Relating to noso toxin.

nosotoxicity (nos-o-toks-is'-it-e). The quality of
being nosotoxic.

nosotoxicosis (nos-o-toks-ik-o'-sis) [see nosotoxin].
An abnormal condition referable to the presence of
toxic basic products formed in the system in disease.

nosotoxin (nos-o-toks'-in) [noso-; to^lkov, a poison],
A toxin generated in the body by a pathogenic micro-
organism.

nosotrophy (nos-ot'-ro-fe) [noso-; rpocpn, nourish-
ment]. 1. The nourishment of disease. 2. The
care of the sick.

nostalgia (nos-taV -je-ah) [vbaros, a return; 4X705,
pain]. Homesickness.

nostalgic (nos-tal'-jik) [vbaros, return; a\yos, pain].
Affected with nostalgia.

Nostoc (nos'-tok). A genus of alga? having a gelat-
inous nature.

NOSTOLOGY

614

NUCLEASE

nostology (nos-tol'-o-je) [vootos, return; Xoyos,
science]. In biology, the department devoted to
the study of senility.

nostomania (nos-to-ma' -ne-ah) [i>6<ttos, return;
navia, madness]. Nostalgia amounting to mono-
mania.

nostosite (nos'-to-sit) [vbaros, a return; alros, food].
A parasite situated in or upon its permanent host.

nostras (nos'-tras) [nostras, of our country].
Denoting a disease belonging to the country in
which it is described in contradistinction to a similar
disease originating elsewhere; as cholera nostras, as
distinguished from Asiatic cholera.

nostrate (nos'-trat) [noster, ours]. Endemic.

nostril (jios'-tril) [AS., nosu, nose; thyrl, a hole].
One of the external orifices of the nose.

nostrum (nos'-trum) [noster, ours]. A quack medi-
cine; a secret medicine.

notal (no'-tal) [v&tov, the back]. Pertaining to the
back; dorsal.

notalgia (no-tal'-je-ah) [vutov, back; &\yos, pain].
Any pain in the back.

notanencephalia (no-tan-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [v&rov, the
back; kveyKtyahos, without brain]. Congenital
absence of the dorsal part of the cranium.

notch [O. Du., nock]. A deep indentation, n.,
acetabular, the cotyloid notch, n., clavicular, a
depression at the upper end of the sternum articu-
lating with the clavicle, n., coracoid. See n.,
suprascapular, n., cotyloid, the notch in the aceta-
bulum near to the obturator foramen, n., iliac,
greater, n., ischiadic, greater. See n., sacrosciatic.
n., interlobar (of the liver), the notch in the ventral
border of the liver demarcating the right and left
lobes, n., intervertebral, one of the depressions on
the vertebral pedicles, either on the upper on the
lower surface. The apposition of two notches of the
contiguous vertebrae forms the intervertebral fora-
men, n., ischiatic. See n., sacrosciatic. n., jugu-
lar, a notch forming the posterior boundary of the
jugular foramen, n., nasal, an uneven interval
between the internal angular processes of the frontal
bone, which articulates with the nasal bone and the
nasal process of the superior maxillary bone, n.,
popliteal, the depression on the posterior surface of
the head of the tibia, separating the two tuberosities.
n., preoccipital, an indentation on the inferolateral
border of the cerebral hemisphere, about an inch and
a half in front of the occipital pole. n. of Rivinus.
See Rivinian notch, n., sacrococcygeal, the lateral
notch at the point of union of the coccyx and sacrum.
n., sacrosciatic, one of two notches on the posterior
edge of the innominate bone. The greater notch is
just above the spine of the ischium, and is converted
into a foramen by the lesser sacrosciatic ligament;
the lesser notch is below the spine of the ischium, and
is converted into a foramen by the sacrosciatic liga-
ments, n., scapular, one at the back of the neck of
the scapular through which the supraspinous and
infraspinous fossse communicate, n., semilunar.
See n., suprascapular, n., sigmoid, a deep semi-
lunar depression separating the coronoid and condy-
loid processes of the inferior maxillary bone, n.,
sphenopalatine, the notch that separates the orbital
and sphenoidal processes of the palate bone, n.,
suprascapular, a notch in the superior border of the
scapula at the base of the coracoid process, for the
passage of the suprascapular nerve, n., supra-
sternal, the depression at the top of the manubrium,
between the two sternoclavicular articulations, n.,
tympanic. See Rivinian notch.

note (not) [nota, a mark]. A sound, n., per-
cussion, the sound elicited on percussion.

note-blindness (not' -blind-nes) . The same as
amusia, q. v.

notencephalia (no-ten-sef-a' -le-ah) . See notenceph-
alus.

notencephalocele (no-ten-sef-aV -o-sel) [v&tov, back;
ey/ce<£aXos, brain; K17X1J, hernia]. Tumor of the brain
in a notencephalus.

notencephalus (no-ten-sef -al-us) [vwtov, the back;
encephalon]. A variety of monster in which the
cranial contents are in large part outside the skull,
resting upon the back of the neck.

Nothnagel's symptom (not' -nah-gel) [Carl Wilhelm
Hermann Nothnagel, German physician, 1841-1905].
Paralysis of the facial muscles, which is less marked
on voluntary movements than on movements con-
nected with emotions. This symptom has been
noticed in cases of tumor of the optic thalamus.

N.'s test, a crystal of sodium chloride placed upon
the serous surface of any portion of the intestine of
the rabbit causes ascending peristalsis. This test
has been applied to ascertain the direction of the
bowel in operations upon man, but has not been
found wholly reliable. N.'s type of facial paralysis.
See N.'s symptom.

nothrous (no'-thrus) [vwdpos, sluggish]. Drowsy;
slow; languid; torpid.

notifiable (no-tif-i' -ah-bl) [notificare, to make
known]. Applied to a disease which should be
made known to a board of health or other authorities.

notochord (no'-to-kord) [v&tov, the back; xopSrj,
a cord]. An elongated cord of cells inclosed in a
structureless sheath, which in the embryo represents
the vertebral column; the chorda dorsalis, or primi-
tive backbone.

notomelus (no-tom'-el-us) [v&tov, the back; fieKos,
a limb]. A form of double monster in which the
rudimentary limbs are attached to the back.

notomyelitis (no-to-mi-el-i'-tis) [vS>toi>, the back;
myelitis]. Inflarnmation of the spinal cord.

novargan (no-var'-gan). Trade name of a protein
preparation of silver; similar to protargol.

novaspirin (no-vas'-pir-in). Trade name of
anhydromethylene citric acid disalicylate ; employed
as a substitute for aspirin.

novatophan (no-vat'-o-fan). Trade name of a
preparation of atophan (phenylquinolincarboxylic
acid), said to be tasteless.

novocaine (no-vo-ka'-in). A synthetic local anes-
thetic compound, para-amidobenzoyl and the
active principle of suprarenal extract. "

novocolchinin (no-vo-kol'-tshin-in). A mixture of
quinine sulphate and novocol (sodium guaiacol
phosphate).

noxa (noks'-ah) [L.J. An injurious principle;
especially a pathogenic microorganism or other
materies morbi.

noxious (nok'-shus) [noxius, harmful]. Harmful;
poisonous or deleterious.

N-rays. See rays, N-.

Nt. Chemical symbol for niton.

nubecula (nu-bek' -u-lah) [dim. of nubes, a cloud].
1. The cloudiness caused by the suspension of
insoluble matter in the urine. 2. A cloudiness of
the cornea.

nubile (nu'-bil) [nubilis; nubere, to marry]. Mar-
riageable. Of an age at which there exists the
possibility of procreation or child-bearing.

nubility (nu-biV -it-e) [nubere, to marry]. The
state of sexual development when marriage may be
consummated.

nuces (nu'-sez). Plural of nux, q. v.

nucha (nu'-kah) [L.]. The nape of the neck.

nuchal (nu'-kal) [nucha]. Pertaining to the nape
of the neck.

nucin (nu'-sin). A precipitate from juglans, q. v.

nucis (nu'-sis). The genitive of the Latin nux, a
nut.

nucite (nu'-sit), C6H12O6+4H2O. A carbohydrate
resembling inosite, found in the leaves of Juglans
regia.

Nuck's canal (nook) [Anton Nuck, Dutch anato-
mist, 1650-1692]. The canal formed by Nuck's
diverticulum. N.'s diverticulum, the peritoneal
covering of the round ligament of the uterus, which
in the child can be traced for a short distance into
the inguinal canal. N.'s gland. See Blandin's
gland.

nuclear (nii'-kle-ar) [nucleus]. Pertaining to or
resembling a nucleus, n. cap, a stainable mass in
the form of a cone, hollowed out internally like a
cap, corresponding to one pole of the nucleus upon
which it sits. n. cell, a nucleated dendritic nerve cell.
n. figures, the peculiar arrangement of the mitome
during karyokinesis. n. layer, a stratum of gray
matter in the cortex of the brain, n. paralysis, par-
alysis from lesions of the nuclei of origin of the nerves.
n. plate. 1. The equatorial plate, formed by the
chromosomes during the prophases of mitosis. 2. The
septum which sometimes divides the nucleus in
amitotic division, n. spindle, delicate striae appear-
ing in the nucleus undergoing mitosis, arranged
with the apices pointing toward the poles of the
future nuclei. Its function probably is to guide the
movements of the mitome threads, n. stain, a
pigment showing a strong affinity for nuclei.

nuclease (nu'-kle-as). 1. An immunizing enzyme
found in cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus and other

NUCLEATED

615

NUCLEUS

organisms. 2. A proposed general term to desig-
nate any of the bacteriolytic enzymes, because they
digest the nucleoproteins of the bacterial cells.

nucleated {nu'-kle-a-ted) [nucleus]. Possessing a
nucleus.

nuclei (nii'-kle-i) [L.]. Plural of nucleus, q. v.
n. of the thalamus, the three portions into which
the cinerea of the thalamus is separated. They are
called the anterior, internal, and external nuclei.

nucleide (nu'-kle-id). A compound of nucleol
with an oxide of some metal (iron, copper, silver,
mercury, etc.).

nucleiform (nu-kle'-if-orm) [nucleus; forma, form].
Resembling a nucleus.

nuclein (nic'-kle-in) [nucleus], C29H49N9P3O22. An
amorphous substance resembling the proteins, and
forming the essential chemical constituent of all
living cells. It is composed of nucleic acid and a
base; the former seems to be the same for all nucleins,
but the base varies. Nucleins are generally insoluble
in dilute acids and soluble in dilute alkalies. They
are supposed to represent the germicidal constituent
of blood-serum, n.-therapy, the employment of
nuclein from different glands and blood-serum in the
treatment of disease.

nucleinate (nu'-kle-in-at). A white, soluble powder
used as a diagnostic aid in tuberculosis. Dose
30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.).

nucleo- (nu-kle-o-) [nucleus]. A prefix meaning
relating to a nucleus or to nuclein.

nucleoalbumin (nu-kle-o-al-bu'-min) [nucleo-; al-
bumin]. A compound of a proteid and nuclein,
occurring in cell-protoplasm.

nucleoalbuminuria (nu-kle-o-al-bu-min-u'-re-ah) .
The presence in the urine of nucleoalbumin.

nucleoalbumose (nu-kle-o-al'-bu-mos). A sub-
stance found in the urine in cases of osteomalacia
and which is believed to be the partly hydrated
albumin of nucleoalbumin.

nucleochylema (nu-kle-o-ki-le'-mah) [nucleus; x^os,
juice]. The fluid filling the interstices of the nucleo-
hyaloplasm.

nucleochyme (nu'-kle-o-kim). See nucleochylema.

nucleofugal {nu-kle-of -u-gal) [nucleo-; fugere, to
flee]. Moving from a nucleus.

nucleogen (nil-kle'-o-jen). A proprietary prepara-
tion of nucleic acid, iron, arsenic, and phosphorus:
used in cases of anemia and chlorosis.

nucleohiston (nu-kle-o-his'-ton) [nucleo-; 1<tt6s,
tissue]. 1. A substance composed of nuclein and
histon found in the leukocytes of the blood. Nuclein
induces coagulation of the blood; histon prevents it.
The liquid state of the blood is supposed to be de-
pendent on the integrity of the compound formed by
these two bodies. 2. An albuminoid substance
obtained from lymph and thymus gland of calves;
a white powder, soluble in water, alkalies, and mineral
acids. It is used as a bactericide.

nucleohyaloplasm {nu-kle-o-hi' -al-o-plazm) [nu-
cleus; vdXos, transparent substance; irXcuraeiv, to
mold]. A scarcely tangible substance, which, with
chromatin, makes up the threads or mitoma of the
cell-nucleus. See linin.

nucleoid (nu'-kle-oid) [nucleo-; eI5os, like]. 1.
Shaped like a nucleus. 2. A finely granular or
fibrillar substance in the red corpuscles formed from
the original nucleus.

nucleol (nu'-kle-ol). Trade name of a nuclein
preparation obtained from yeast.

nucleolar (nu-kle'-o-lar) [nucleolus]. Pertaining
to the nucleolus.

nucleolin (nu-kle'-o-lin). The substance of which
the nucleolus is composed.

nucleoloid (nu-kle'-ol-oid). Resembling a nucle-
olus.

nucleolus (nii-kle'-o-lus) [dim. of nucleus]. The
small spherical body within the cell-nucleus. Its
true function has not as yet been established.

nucleomicrosoma (nu-kle-o-mi-kro-so'-mah) [nu-
cleus; /xiKpos, small; awfia, body; pi., nucleomicroso-
mata]. Any one of the many minute tangible
bodies that make up each fiber of the nucleoplasm.

nucleon (nu'-kle-on). See paranucleon.

nucleonic (nii-kle-on'-ik). Pertaining to the
nucleus.

nucleopetal (nu-kle-op' -et-aV) [nucleo-; petere, to
seek]. Seeking the nucleus: said of the movement
of the male pronucleus toward the female pronucleus.

nucleoplasm (nic'-kle-o-plazm) [nucleo-; plasma].
1. The protoplasm of the nucleus. 2. Chromatin.

nucleoproteins (nu-kle-o-prd'-te-ins) . Compound
proteins which yield true nucleins on pepsin digestion,
and also those which, on being boiled with dilute
mineral acids, yield, besicdes proteins, xanthin bases.
They occur chiefly in the cell-nuclei, and are widely
diffused in the animal body.

nucleoreticulum (nii-kle-o-ret-ik'-u-lum) [nucleo- ;
reticulum, a net]. Any network contained within a
nucleus.

nucleosin (nu'-kle-o-sin). A substance, isolated
from spermatozoa of the salmon, identical with
thymin.

nucleotherapy {nu-kle-o-ther'-ap-e). See nuclein-
therapy.

nucleotoxin (nii-kle-o-toks'-in) [nucleo-; to^lkov,
a poison]. A toxin derived from cell-nuclei; any
toxin affecting the nuclei of cells.

nucleus (nic'-kle-us) [nucleus, from nux, a nut].
1. The essential part of a typical cell, usually round
in outline, and situated near the center. 2. The
center around which the mass of a crystal aggregates.
3. The central element in a compound, as the carbon
in hydrocarbons. 4. A collection of gray matter in
the central nervous system having a distinct function.
5. The deep origin of a nerve, n. abducens, n.,
abducent, n., abducentis a gray nucleus giving origin
to the abducens and facial nerves, situated within
the fasciculus teres, behind the trigeminal nucleus,
on the floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., nidus
abducentis. n., accessoriovagoglossopharyngeal, a
columnar tract of nerve-cells extending from the
level of the calamus scriptorius to that of the auditory
striae, and from which the accessory vagus and
glossopharyngeal nerves arise in succession from
below upward, n. ambiguus, n., anterior, a collec-
tion of nerve-cells near the nucleus of the vagus.
n. amygdalae, an irregular aggregation of gray matter
situated at the apex of the temporal lobe of the brain,
between it and the apex of the middle ventricular
horn. n. angularis, the accessory auditory nucleus.
nuclei anterolaterals, the nuclei of the lateral
column, nuclei, auditory, the nuclei in the oblongata
giving rise to the auditory nerves, n., auditory,
external. See n. magnocellularis. n., auditory
internal, a columnar tract of small multipolar cells
embedded in the auditory eminence, n. of Bech-
terew. See under Bechterew. n., Beclard's. See
under Beclard. n., bony, the center of ossification.
n., Burdach's. See n. funiculi cuneati. n., caudal.
See n., oculomotor, n., caudate, the intraventricular
part of the corpus striatum, n. centralis, the corpus
dentatum. n. cinereus, a term sometimes used to
designate the gray substance of the restiform bodies.
n., clavate, Burdach's nucleus, n., cleavage-. See
n., segmentation-, n., cuneate, n., cuneate, internal,
Burdach's nucleus, n., daughter-, one of the nuclei
(usually two) produced by the division of a mother
nucleus. See karyokinesis. n., Deiters'. See n.
magnocellularis. n. dentatus, a folded layer of gray
matter in the mesal part of the corresponding cere-
bellar hemisphere, and close to the roof of the fourth
ventricle, n., Edinger's. See Edinger's nucleus.
n., Edinger-Westphal's. See Edinger-WestphaV s
nucleus, n. emboliformis, a small mass of gray
matter situated in the interval between the nucleus
dentatus and nucleus fastigii, and lying nearer the
former, n., facial, one in the reticula at the back of
the pons, giving origin to the seventh or facial nerve,
n. fastigii, a flat expanse of gray matter on each side
of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum,
directly over the roof of the fourth ventricle, n.
fimbriatus. Synonym of corpus dentatum. n. funi-
culi cuneati, a mass of gray matter of the posterior
column of the medulla, lying beneath the funiculus
cuneatus. n. funiculi gracilis, an elongated, club-
shaped mass of gray matter in the mesal portion of
the posterior column of the medulla, n., germinal,
the nucleus resulting from the union of the male
and female pronuclei, n., gingival, a part of the
cerebellum in the fetus (between the third and fourth
months) which bears some resemblance to the gums.
n., globic, n. globosus, the globulus, a number of
small round or oval masses of gray matter situated in
the interval between the nucleus dentatus and nucleus
fastigii, lying near to, and probably an accessory
detachment of, the latter, n. gracilis, a column of
gray matter in the posterior pyramid of the medulla
oblongata, n., gray, the gray matter of the spinal
cord, n., hypoglossal, a columnar tract of large
multipolar nerve-cells embedded in the cinerea of

NUCLEUS

616

NUTRABIN

the terete funicle in the inferior triangle of the fourth
ventricle, and giving origin to the nerve-fibers
forming the rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve, n.
hypothalamics, the subthalamus. n., insular, one
entirely separated from adjoining masses of gray
matter, n., intermediolateral. See column, inter-
mediolateral. n., intermedullary, great, the external
and internal auditory nuclei considered as one.
n., intraventricular, the caudate nucleus, n. juxta-
olivaris. See olive, accessory, n., Koelliker's. See
under Koelliker. n., laryngeal, the nucleus of origin
of the nerve-fibers of the larynx, n., lateral, that
part of the cornu of the cord ascending in the oblon-
gata behind the olivary body, n., lenticular, n. lenti-
formis, the extraventricular portion of the corpus
striatum, lying between the internal and external
capsules, n. of Luys. See under Luys. n. magno-
cellularis, a nucleus of gray matter in the medulla
oblongata, situated mesad of the restiform column
at the level of entry of the auditory nerve-roots.
Syn., Deiters' nucleus, n., mesencephalic (of the
trigeminal nerve), a group of large nerve-cells in the
gray matter surrounding the Sylvian aqueduct, n.,
mesoblastic, a nucleus of a cell belonging to the
mesoblast. n., mother-, a cell that is in course of
division into two or more parts called daughter-
nuclei. See karyokinesis. n., motor, a collection of
nerve-cells in the central nervous system giving origin
to a motor nerve, n., oculomotor, the nucleus of the
oculomotor nerve, lying dorsad of the posterior
longitudinal bundle, under the aqueduct of Sylvius.
n., olivary, a folded mass of gray matter in the medulla
oblongata, producing a swelling on the surface — the
olivary body, n., olivary, accessory. See olive,
accessory, n. of origin, the collection of ganglion-
cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a
nerve, n., ossific. See n., bony, n., peripheral.
See «., insular, n., Perlia's. See «., Spitzka's. n.,
polymorphic, a cell nucleus which assumes irregular
forms, nuclei, pontile, n. pontis, scattered gray
matter included in the intervals in the bundles of
fibers of the ventral portion of the pons. Syn.,
nidi pontis. n., postpyramidal, a gray nucleus
in the oblongata giving origin to the posterior pyra-
mid, n. pyramidalis, the inner accessory olivary
nucleus, n. pulposus, the remnant of the notochord
appearing as a pulpy mass in the center of the inter-
vertebral discs, n. quintus, the nucleus of the fifth
or trigeminal nerve, n., red. See n., tegmental.
n., respiratory, n. of respiration, Clarke's column.
n., restiform, the gray matter of the restiform body.
n. ruber, n. tegmenti, red nucleus, a reddish mass
in the upper part of the cerebral crura, embedded
among the fibers of the tegmentum, n., sacral, a
mass of gray matter in the spinal cord at the level
of the origins of the second and third spinal nerves.
n., sagittal, the middle part of the oculomotor
nucleus, n., secondary. See paranucleus, n., seg-
mentation-, the nucleus that appears shortly after
the fusion of the male and female pronuclei; the last
step in the process of fertilization; it is so-called
because within it cleavage is first established, n.,
spermatic, the male pronucleus, n., spherical, a gray
nucleus at the junction of the hemisphere and middle
cerebellar lobe, n., Spitzka's. See under Spitzka.
n., Stilling's. Same as n., tegmental, n., styloid,
a bony nodule contained in the cartilages which
unite the lesser cornua with the body of the hyoid.
n., subependymal, the internal nucleus of the eighth
or auditory nerve, lying just beneath the ependyma
of the fourth ventricle, n., tegmental, n. tegmenti,
red nucleus; a mass of reticular substance in the
tegmentum of the crus cerebri, to the inner side of
the substantia nigra, n., trigeminal, several groups
of nerve-cells ventrad of the facial nucleus below the
lateral angle of the fourth ventricle, n., trochlear,
the ganglionic gray substance surrounding the Sylvian
aqueduct and giving origin to the fibers of the fourth
nerve, n. of the vagus, that part of the accessorio-
vagoglossopharyngeal nucleus giving origin to the
pneumogastric nerve, n., vesicular, a rather large
cell-nucleus, the membranes of which stain deeply,
while the central portion remains relatively pale.
n. vestibularis. See Bechterew, n. of. n., vitelline, a
nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male and
female pronuclei within the vitellus. n., Westphal's.
See under Westphal. n., white, the white substance
of the dentate body of the olive.

Nuel's space (nu'-el) [J. P. Nuel, Belgian oculist].

A triangular space between the outer hair-cells and
the outer rods- of Corti of the internal ear.

Nuhn's gland (noon) [Anton Nukn, German
anatomist, 1814-1884]. See Blandin's gland.

nuisance (nu'-sans). In medical jurisprudence,
that which is noxious, offensive, or troublesome;
applied to persons or things.

nullipara (nul-ip'-ar-ah) [nullus, none; par ere, to
bring forth]. A woman who has never borne a child.

nulliparity (nul-ip-ar'-it-e) [nullipara]. The con-
dition of being nulliparous.

nulliparous (nul-ip'-ar-us) [nullipara]. Having
nerver borne children.

numb (num.). Having impaired sensibility.

numbness ' (num'-nes). Partial, or local anesthesia
with torpor; deficiency of sensation; obdormition.
n. waking. Acroparesthesia.

nummiform (num'-if-orm) [numrhus, a coin; forma,
form]. Having the form of a coin; nummular.

nummular (num'-u-lar) [nummus, a coin]. Re-
sembling a coin in form, as nummular sputum; re-
sembling rouleaux or rolls of coin.

nummulation (num-u-la'-shun). The aggregation
of blood-corpuscles into rolls resembling rolls of coin.

Nunn's corpuscles. See Bennett's corpuscles.

nunnation (nun-na' -shun) [Heb. nun, the letter »].
The frequent or abnormal use of the «-sound.

nurito (nu'-rit-o). A proprietary preparation said
to contain pyramidon 6f grains, phenolphthalein,
f grain, and milk sugar, 2§ grains.

nurse (ners) [Fr. nourrice, nurse]. 1. To suckle
an infant. 2. To care for the sick or for an infant.
3. The caretaker of an infant. 4. A person caring
for the sick. 5. The head of a tapeworm, n., dry,
one who does not suckle the infant, n., hospital,
one who cares for the sick in a hospital, n., monthly,
one who attends a woman in confinement, n., pro-
bationer, in hospitals a probationer is one who has
entered upon her career as a nurse, and is under ob-
servation to determine her fitness for the profession.
n., professional, one who devotes himself or herself
to the care of the sick as a life-work or profession.
n., registered, one who is licensed by the laws of the
State, n., wet, one who suckles the infant. n.'s
contracture, Trousseau's term for tetany found in
association with debility following lactation.

nursing (ners'-ing). A term applied to the babe's
taking the breast, and also to the mother's giving the
breast. Also, caring for the sick, n.-bottle, a bottle
fitted with a rubber tip or nipple for feeding infants
not nursed from the breast.

nursling (ners'-ling) [Fr., nourrice, a nurse]. An
infant that is nursed.

Nussbaum's cell (noos'-bowm) [Moritz Nussbaum,
German histologist, 1850- ]. A granular cell,
being one of the four kinds of epithelial cells forming
the peptic glands; its function is unknown. N.'s
narcosis, the condition of prolonged anesthesia in-
duced when the administration of chloroform is pre-
ceded a few minutes by the hypodermatic injection
of a full dose of morphine.

nutation (nu-ta'-shun) [nutare, to nod]. Nodding
or oscillation, n. of sacrum, a partial rotation of
the sacrum on its transverse axis, whereby the dis-
tance between the upper extremity or the lower ex-
tremity and the anterior pelvic wall is increased.

nutgal (nut'-gawl). An excrescence on the leaves of
Quercus lusitanica, caused by the deposited ova of an
insect.

nutmeg [ME., nutmegge]. The seed of various
species of Myristica, of the order Myristicea. The
kernel of the ripe seed of Myristica fragrans is the
myristica of the U. S. P. and B. P., and is the source
of a volatile oil. The covering of the nutmeg is
mace. Nutmeg is employed as a condiment, as a
corrective and mild flavoring agent, and it has also
slight narcotic properties. Dose 5-20 gr.» (0.32-1.3
Gm.). n. liver, cirrhotic liver, n., oil of (oleum my-
ristica, U. S. P., B. P.), contains a stearopten, myris-
tin, which is the glycerid of myristic acid, C16H28O2.
Dose 2-3 min. (0.13-0.2 Cc). n., oil of, expressed
(oleum myristica expressum, B. P.), the oil of mace.

nutone" (nu'-ton). A nutritive tonic said to con-
sist of cod-liver oil, malt-extract, beef-juice, and
glycerol emulsion, each, 25 %; calcium hypophos-
phite, 1 gr.; sodium hypophosphite, 1 gr.; tincture
of nux vomica, 1 drop in each teaspoonful.

nutrabin (nu'-tra-bin). A dietetic prepared from
proteins of milk and beef; a brown powder flavored
with vanilla.

NUTRIANT

617

NYXIS

nutriant (nii'-tre-ant) [nutrire, to nourish]. A
medicine or agent that modifies nutritive processes.

nutrient (nu'-tre-ent) [see nutriment], i. Affording
nutrition. 2. A substance that nourishes; a food.
n. foramen, an osseous canal for a nutrient vessel.
n. vessel, a vessel supplying the marrow of bones.

nutriment {nu'-trim-ent) [nutrire, to nourish].
Anything that nourishes.

nutrin (nu'-trin). A nutritive albuminous sub-
stance.

nutrition {nu-trish'-un) [nutriment]. The process
by which tissue is built up and waste repaired.

nutritious (nu-trish'-us)'. Synonym of nutritive.

nutritive (nu'-trit-iv) [nutrire, to nourish]. Pos-
sessing the quality of affording nutrition.

nutritorium (nu-trit-o'-re-um) [nutrire, to nourish].
The nutritive apparatus, or that part of the organism
that is directly concerned with anabolic changes.

nutritory {nu'-trit-o-re) [nutrire, to nourish]. Con-
cerned in the processes of nutrition.

nutrix (nu'-triks) [L.: pi., nutrices]. A female
nurse, especially a wet-nurse.

nutrolactis {nu-tro-lak'-tis). A galactagogue said
.to be a liquid extract of Galega officinalis.

nutrose (nu'-tros). Neutral casein sodium, a
soluble powder containing 13.8 % of nitrogen, used
as a food in intestinal disorders.

mix (nuks) [L.]. A nut. n. moschata [L., "musky
nut"]. The nutmeg; myristica. n. vomica. The
seed of Strychnos nux-vomica, an Indian tree of the
order Loganiacece. It contains several alkaloids, the
most important being strychnine and brucine (q. v.),
which are united with a peculiar acid called igasuric
acid. In small doses it is a bitter tonic, stimulating
gastric digestion; it raises blood-pressure by stimu-
lating the heart and the vasomotor center, and
stimulates the respiratory center and the motor
centers of the spinal cord. In overdoses it produces
tetanic convulsions and risus sardonicus; the reflex
excitability is enormously increased, and the slightest
stimulus serves to bring on a convulsion. Death
usually occurs from asphyxia (cramp-asphyxia),
and more rarely from exhaustion. Nux vomica,
or strychnine, is employed in dyspepsia, in convales-
cence from acute diseases, in acute infectious dis-
eases, in shock, in poisoning by chloroform and
opium, in emphysema, phthisis, and other condi-
tions associated with dyspnea, in chronic bronchitis,
in constipation, in atony of the bladder, in lead-
palsy, and in amaurosis from tobacco or alcohol.
Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). n. vomica, extract of
(extr actum nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose £-* gr.
(0.01-0.016 Gm.). n. vomica, fluidextract of (fluid-
extr actum nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 min.
(0.065-0.32 Cc). n: vomica, tincture of (tinctura
nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-
2.0 Cc).

nyctalgia (nik-tal'-je-ah) [vv£, night; 0X705, pain].
Pain which occurs chiefly during the night, e. g.,
the osteocopic pains of syphilis.

nyctalope (nik'-ta-lop) [vv£, night; u>\p, the eye].
One who sees better at night or in semidarkness
than in a bright light.

nyctalopia {nik-tal-o'-pe-ah) [see nyctalope]. 1.
Night-vision; the condition in which the sight is
better by night or in semidarkness than by daylight.
Dr. Greenhill and Mr. Tweedy have shown that
according to the quite universal usage of modern
times, the definitions of the words nyctalopia and
hemeralopia have been the reverse of those of the
early Greek and Latin writers. The proper deriva-
tion, therefore, of nyctalopia would be w£, night;
dXa6s, blind; w^, eye, the word meaning night-
blindness. Hemeralopia was likewise derived from

Vfikpa, day; aXaos, blind; &\p, eye, and meant day-
blindness. The attempt to reinstate the ancient
usage can result only in confusion, and the words
should, therefore, never be used.

nyctamblyopia (nik-tam-ble-o'-pe-ah) [vi)£, night;
oMjSXucoiua, dim-sightedness]. Imperfect vision at
night.

nycterine (nik'-ter-en) [wKrepivfc, nightly]. 1. Oc-
curring in the night. 2. Obscure.

nyctophobia (nik-to-fo'-be-ah) [vi>£, night; <£6/3os,
fear]. Insane dread of the night.

nyctophonia inik-to-fo' -ne-ah) [vv£, night; <t>wh,
voice]. The hysterical loss of the voice during the
day.

nyctotyphlosis (nik-to-tif-lo'-sis) [j/i>£, night; tv<1>-
Xwo-ts, blindness]. Night-blindness.

nycturia (nik-tu'-re-ah) [vb^, night; ovpov, urine].
Nocturnal urinary incontinence.

nygma (nig'-mah) [vvyna], A punctured wound.

Nylander's test for glucose (ni'-lan-der) [Claes
Wilhelm Gabriel Nylander, Swedish chemist, 1835-
]. Dissolve 4 Gm. of Rochelle salts in 100 Cc.
of a solution of caustic potash (10 %), and add 2 Gm.
of bismuth subnitrate; place on the water-bath
until as much of the bismuth salt is dissolved as
possible; on heating 10 volumes of urine with 1
volume of the foregoing solution a black coloration
or the precipitation of phosphates is produced in the
presence of glucose.

nylic standard (ni'-lik) [Initial letters of New York
Life Insurance Company], A standard of weight in
accordance with height and age, as adopted by the
New York Life Insurance Company.

nympha (nim'-fah) [vvn<t>v, nymph; pi., nympha].
A labium minus of the vulva.

nymphectomy (nim-fek' '-to-me) [nympha; e/cro^,
excision]^ _ Surgical removal of one or both nympha?.

nymphitis (nim-fi'-tis) [nympha; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the nympha?.

nymphomania (nim-fo-ma' -ne-ah) [nympha; navia,
madness]. Excessive sexual desire on the part of a
woman.

nymphomaniac (nim-fo-ma' -ne-ak) [see nympho-
mania]. One affected with nymphomania.

nymphoncus (nim-fong'-kus) [nympha; oynos,
tumor]. Tumor or swelling of the nympha.

nymphotomy inim-fot' -o-me) [nympha; touv, cut-
ting]. 1. Incision of one or both nympha?. 2. The
surgical removal of one or both nympha?.

Nyssa (nis'-ah). A genus of cornaceous trees;
gum trees; tupelo or pepperidge. N. candicans,
N. capitata, N. grandidentata, and N. uniflora, are
species of the U. S., whose roots are used in making
tupelo-tents.

nystagmiform (nis-tag'-me-form) [warayixos, nod-
ding of the head; forma, form]. Resembling nystag-
mus.

nystagmus (nis-tag'-mus) [waTa^etv, to nod in
sleep]. An oscillatory movement of the eyeballs.
It may be congenital or dependent on intracranial
disease, especially meningitis, or multiple sclerosis,
etc. n., Cheyne's, n., Cheyne-Stokes'. See Cheyne-
Stokes' nystagmus, n., lateral, oscillation of the eyes
in the horizontal meridian, n., rotatory, an oscil-
latory, partial rolling of the eyeball around the
visual axis, n., vertical, oscillatory movement in
the vertical meridian.

nystaxis (nis-taks'-is). Synonym of nystagmus.

Nysten's law (ni'-sten). Rigor mortis begins in the
muscles of mastication, extends to the facial and
neck muscles, then to the trunk and arms, and
finally to the lower extremities.

nyxis (niks'-is) [vvfa, puncture]. Surgical punc-
ture or paracentesis.

O. The chemical symbol of oxygen; also the
abbreviation of oculus, eye, of octarius, a pint, and of
opening of an electrical circuit.

o-. Abbreviation for ortho-, in chemical com-
pounds.

oak (ok) [AS., ac]. A genus of trees, Quercus, of
the order Cupuliferce. The dried bark of Quercus
alba, white oak, is official in the U. S. P. It contains
a peculiar tannic acid known as quercitannic acid,
and a bitter principle, quercin, and is used as an
astringent tonic, especially in the form of the oak-
bath. It has also been employed in leukorrhea,
hemorrhoids, and prolapse of the rectum. Dose of
the bark 15 gr. (i Gm.); of the fluidextract (fiuid-
extractum quercus, U. S. P.) 15 min. (1 Cc).

oakum (o'-kum) [AS., acumba, tow]. A materia'l
made by picking old rope to pieces. It was formerly
used as a dressing for wounds, and in the form of
pads to absorb lochial discharges.

oaralgia (o-a-raV -je-aln) [uiapiov, ovule; aXyos,
pain]. Ovarian neuralgia.

oaria (o-a'-re-ah). Plural of oarium, q. v.

oarialgia (o-ar-e-al'-je-ah). See oaralgia.

oaric (o-ar'-ik) [uapiov, ovule]. Ovarian; relating
to the oaria.

oariocele (o-a'-re-o-sel) [uapiov, ovule; /07X7?, tumor].
Hernia involving an ovary.

oariocyesis (o-a-re-o-si-e'-sis) [uapiop, ovule; kutio-is,
pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy.

oarioncus (o-a-re-ong'-kus) [d>apu>v, ovule; 67/cos,
tumor]. An ovarian tumor.

oariopathy (o-a-re-op'-ath-e) [coapiov, ovule; wados,
disease]. Any ovarian disease.

oariophyma (o-a-re-o-fi'-mah) [ojapiov, ovule; <pvp.a,
tumor]. Same as oarioncus.

oariorrhexia (o-a-re-or-eks'-e-ah) [uapiov, ovule;
p»}£is, rupture]. Rupture of the ovary.

oarioscirrhus (o-a-re-o-skir'-us) [coapiov, ovule;
o-nippos, hard]. Scirrhus of the ovary.

oariosteresis (o-a-re-o-ster-e'-sis) [wapiov, ovule;
o-reprjo-is, privation]. Same as oariotomy.

oariotomy (o-a-re-ot'-o-me) [aapiov, ovule; Top.ri,
a cutting]. Surgical removal of an ovary.

oaritis {o-a-ri'-tis) [wapiov, ovule; ins, inflamma-
tion]^ Inflammation of an ovary.

oariule (o-a' -re-ill) [wapiov, ovary; 011X97, scar]. A
corpus luteum.

oarium {o-a'-re-um) [uhpwv, ovule: pi., oaria].
See ovarium.

oasis (o-a'-sis) [oao-is, a dry spot: pi., oases].
In surgery, an isolated spot of healthy tissue sur-
rounded_ by diseased tissue.

oat (6t) [AS., atan, oats]. A cereal plant, Avena
saliva, or other species of Avena, and its seed. o.
treatment (of v. Noorden), in diabetes mellitus:
consists in daily regime of 250 Gm. of oat-flakes or
meal cooked for a long time in water, 100 Gm. of
albumin, 300 Gm. of butter.

oatmeal (61' -mil). The meal made from oats. It
is used in the form of a gruel, as a food, as a demul-
cent and laxative, and as an emollient poultice.

ob- [L.]. A prefix signifying on, against, in front
of, or toward.

obdormition (ob-dor-mish'-un) [obdormire, to fall
asleep]. Numbness of a part due to interference with
nervous function; the state of a part when it is said
to be "asleep."

obduction (ob-duk'-shun) A necropsy.

O'Beirne's sphincter (p-burn') [James O'Beirne,
Irish surgeon, 17 86-1 862]. A thickened circular
bundle of muscular fibers, situated in the rectum,
just below its junction with the colon. O'B.'s tube,
a long, flexible tube used in making rectal injections.

obeliac (o-be'-le-ak) [6/3«A6s, a spit]. Pertaining to,
or situated near, the obelion.

obeliad (o-be'-le-ad). Toward the obelion.

obelion (o-be'-le-on). See under craniometric
point.

Obermayer's test for indican in the urine (o'-ber-
mi-er) [Fritz Obermayer, Austrian physician, 1861-
]. With a lead -acetate solution (1:5) precipi-
tate the urine; care must be taken not to add an
excess of lead solution. Filter, and shake the filtrate
for one or two minutes with an equal .quantity of
fuming hydrochloric acid which contains 1 or 2
parts of ferric chloride solution to 500 parts of the
acid. Add chloroform, which becomes blue from the
generation of indigo-blue.

Obermeier, spirillum of (o'-ber-mi-er) Otto Hugo
Franz Obermeier, German physician, ^843-1873].'
A spirillumfonnd in theblood in 1 elapsing fevre.

Obermueller's test for cholesterin (o' ' -ber-mu-ler)
[Kuno Obermueller, German physician, 1861- ].
Place the cholesterin in a test-tube, and fuse with
2 or 3 drops of propionic acid anhydride over a small
naked flame. The fused mass on cooling is violet,
changing to blue, green, orange, carmin, and finally,
copper-red.

Oberst method of inducing local anesthesia (o'-
bairst) [Max Oberst, German surgeon, 1849- ].
Injection of a 1 per cent, solution of cocaine over
the course of a nerve-trunk supplying the area to be
attacked.

obese (o-bes) [obesus, fat]. Extremely fat;
corpulent.

obesity (o-bes'' -it-e) [obesus, fat]. An excessive
development of fat throughout the body; corpulence;
polysarcia.

obex (o'-beks) [L., "a barrier"]. A band of white
nervous matter at the point of the calamus scriptorius.

obfuscation (ob-fus-ka'-shun) [ob-; fuscus, dusky].
1. Darkening or clouding, as obfuscation of the cor-
nea. 2. Mental confusion.

object-blindness (ob-jekt-blind'-nes). See apraxia.

object-glass (ob'-jekt-glas). See objective (3).

objective (ob-jek'-tiv) [ob-; jacere, to throw],
i. Pertaining to an object or to that which is con-
templated or perceived, as distinguished from that
which contemplates or perceives. 2. Pertaining to
those relations and conditions of the body perceived
by another, as objective signs of disease. 3. The
lens of a microscope nearest the object.

obligate (ob'-lig-at) [obligare, to bind]. Con-
strained; bound; not facultative, o. aerobic, of a
microorganism, one that can live only as an aerobe.
o. anaerobic, of a microorganism, one that can live
only as an anaerobe, o. parasite, a parasite that can
live only as a parasite.

oblinition (ob-lin-ish'-un) [oblinere, to smear].
Inunction.

oblique (ob-llk' or ob-lek') [obliquus]. Not direct;
aslant; slanting. In botany, unequal-sided. In
anatomy, an oblique muscle, as the external or in-
ternal oblique of the abdomen, or the superior or
inferior oblique of the eye.

obliquimeter (ob-lik-wim'-et-er) [oblique; p.krpov,
a measure]. An instrument fitted with arms em-
ployed to indicate the angle formed by comparing
the plane of the pelvic brim with the perpendicular
axis of the upright body.

obliquity (ob-lik'-wit-e) [oblique]. The state of
being oblique.

obliquus (ob-li'-kwus) [L., "slanting"]. A term
applied to various muscles. See under muscle.

obliteration (ob-lit-er-a'-shun) [obliterare, to efface,
from ob-; liter a, a letter]. Removal of a part;
extirpation; complete closure of a lumen.

oblongata (ob-lon-ga'-tah) [L.]. The medulla
oblongata.

oblongatal (ob-long-ga'-tal) [oblongata, the medulla].
Pertaining to the oblongata.

obmutescence (ob-mu-tes'-ens) [obmutescere, to
become dumb]. Aphonia; loss of voice.

observation (ob-ser-va'-shun) [observatio]. The
examination of a thing; a systematic study of phe-
nomena.

OBSESSION

619

OCOTEA

obsession (ob-sesh'-un) [ob-; sedere, to sit]. Pos-
session as by evil spirits; an imperative idea; a domi-
nant delusion, o. dentaire, neurasthenic neuralgia
erroneously attributed to the teeth.

obsolescence (ob-so-les'-ens) [obsolescere, to grow
old]. The state of becoming old or obsolete.

obstetric, obstetrical (ob-stet'-rik, ob-stet' -rik-al)
[obstetrics]. m Pertaining to the practice of obstetrics.

obstetrician (ob-stet-rish'-an) [obstetrics]. One who
practises obstetrics.

obstetrics (ob-stet'-riks) [obstare, to stand before].
The branch of medicine that deals with the care of
women during pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium.

obstetrix (ob-stet'-riks) [obstare, to stand before].
A midwife.

obstipation (ob-stip-a'-shun) [obstipare, to stop up].
Intractable constipation.

obstruction (ob-struk'-shun) [ob-; struere, to build].
i. The state of being obstructed or blocked up.

2. The act of impeding or blocking up. 3- An
impediment or obstacle.

obstructive (ob-struk'-tiv) [obstruction], i. Stopping
or blocking up. 2. Due to an obstruction, as ob-
structive jaundice.

obstruent (ob'-stroo-ent) [obstruere, to close up],
i. Obstructive; tending to obstruct. 2. Any remedy
or agent closing the lumen or orifice of vessels or ducts.

obstupefacient (ob-stu-pe-fa' -she-ent) [obstupefacere,
to stupefy]. Narcotic or stupefying.

obtund (ob-tund') [ob-; hinder e, to beat]. To blunt
or dull; to lessen, as to obtund sensibility.

obtundent {ob-tund' -ent) [obtundere, to make dull].
Soothing, quieting; a remedy that relieves or over-
comes irritation or pain.

obturation (ob-tu-ra'-shun) [obturare, to stop up].
The closing of an opening or passage.

obturator (ob'-tii-ra-tor) [obturation], i. Closing
an opening. 2. That which closes an opening.

3. Pertaining to 'the obturator membrane, muscles,
etc. o. foramen, a foramen in the anterior part
of the os innominatum. See foramen, obturator.
o. membrane, the membrane closing the obturator
foramen, o. muscle. See under muscle, o. nerve.
See under nerve.

obtuse (ob-tiis') [obtusus, p.p. of obtundere, to
blunt, dull]. Blunt.

obtusion (ob-tu'-zhun) [obtundere, to blunt]. The
blunting or weakening of normal sensation: a symp-
tom of certain diseases.

occalcarine (ok-kal'-kar-en). See occipitocalcarine.

occipital (ok-sip'-it-al) [occiput]. Pertaining to or
in relation with the occiput, o. artery. See under
artery, o. bone. See bones, table of. o. cross, the
internal occipital protuberance, o. lobe, one of the
lobes of the cerebrum, o. nerve. See under nerve.
o. protuberance, the prominence on the inner surface
(internal) or on the outer surface (external) of the
occipital bone. o. section, a transverse section
through the middle of the occipital lobe. 0. triangle.
See under triangle.

occipitalis (ok-sip-it-a' -lis) [L.]. The posterior
belly of the occipitofron talis muscle.

occipiten (ok-sip' '-it-en) [occiput]. Belonging to
the occipital bone in itself.

occipito- (ok-sip-it-o-) [occiput]. A prefix denoting
connection with or relation to the occipital bone or
the occiput.

occipitoanterior (ok-sip-it-o-an-te' -re-or) [occipito-;
anterior]. Having the occiput directed toward the
front, as the occipitoanterior position of the fetus in
the uterus.

^ occipitoatloid (ok-sip-it-o-at'-loid) [occipito-; atlas;
elSos, form]. Pertaining to the occipital bone and
the atlas.

occipitoaxoid (ok-sip-it-o-aks'-oid) [occipito-; axis;
tl&os, form]. Pertaining to the occipital bone and
the axis.

occipitobregmatic (ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'-ik) [occipi-
to-; bregma]. Pertaining to the occiput and the
bregma.

occipitocalcarine (ok-sip-it-o-kal'-kar-ln). Both
occipital and calcarine; referring to the posterior
calcarine fissure.

occipitocervical (ok-sip-it-o-ser'-vik-al) [occipito- ;
cervix]. Pertaining to the occiput and the neck.

occipitofacial (ok-sip-it-o-fa'-skal). Pertaining to
both the occiput and the face.

occipitofrontal (ok-sip-it-o-fron'-tal) [occipito- ; fron-
tal]. Pertaining to the occiput and forehead, or to
the occipitofrontal muscle (occipitofrontalis) .

occipitofrontalis (ok-sip-it-o-fron-ta'-lis) [L.]. See
under muscles, table of.

occipitomastoid (ok-sip-it-o-mas'-toid) [occipito-;
mastoid]. Pertaining to the occipital bone and the
mastoid process.

occipitomental (ok-sip-it-o-men'-taT) [occipito- ; men-
turn, the chin]. Pertaining to the occiput and the
chin.

occipitoparietal (ok-sip-it-o-par-i' -et-aV) [occipito- ;
parietal]. Pertaining to the occipital and parietal
bones, or to the occipital and parietal lobes of the
brain.

occipitoposterior (ok-sip-it-o-pos-te' -re-or) [occipi-
to-; posterior]. Having the occiput directed back-
ward, as the occipitoposterior position of the fetus in
the uterus.

occipitotemporal (ok-sip-it-o-tem'-por-al) [occipito-;
temporal]. Pertaining to the occipital and temporal
bones.

occiput (ok'-sip-ut) [ob-, over against; caput, the
head; gen., occipitis]. The back part of the head.

occluding (ok-loo'-ding) [see occlusion]. Closing;
applied to the grinding surfaces of molars and bicus-
pids.

occlusal (ok-loo'-sal). See occluding.

occlusio (ok-loo'-ze-o) [L.]. Closure. 0. pupillae,
obliteration of the pupil, o. pupillae lymphatica,
obliteration of the pupil by a false membrane.

occlusion (ok-loo'-zjun) [ob-, against; claudere, to
shut]. 1. A closing or shutting up. 2. The state
of being closed or shut. 3. The absorption, by a
metal, of gas in large quantities, as of hydrogen by
platinum. 4. The full meeting or contact in a posi-
tion of rest of the masticating surfaces of the upper
and lower teeth; it is erroneously called articulation
of the teeth, o., buccal, a bicuspid or molar tooth
outside the line of occlusion, o., distal, when a
tooth is more posterior than normal, o., labial, an
incisor or cuspid tooth outside the line of occlusion.
o., lingual, refers to a tooth inside the line of occlu-
sion. 0., mesial, when a tooth is nearer the median
line than normal, o., torso-, a tooth turned on its
axis.

occlusive (ok-loo'-siv) [see occlusion]. Closing or
shutting up, as an occlusive surgical dressing.

occult (ok-kuW) [occultus, hidden]. Hidden; con-
cealed; not evident, o. blood, a concealed hemor-
rhage, o. disease, any disease the nature of which
is not readily determined.

occupation-disease. One caused by the occupa-
tion of the patient. See occupation-neurosis.

occupation-neurosis. A functional disturbance of
the part used in carrying on a certain occupation,
as writer's cramp, telegrapher's cramp, etc.

ocellus (o-sel'-us) [L., a little eye: pi., ocelli]. In
biology: (a) one of the simple eyes or pigment-
spots of invertebrate animals; (b) one of the
elements of a compound eye; (c) one of the colored
spots on many feathers, flowers, etc.

ochema (ok-e'-mah) [oxeiv, to carry]. A vehicle
for medicines.

ocher, ochre (o'-ker) [uxpfc, pale]. A variety of
fine clay containing iron; the common colors are
yellow and red.

ocheus (ok'-e-us) [oxelv, to carry]. The scrotum.

ochlesis (ok-le'-sis) [ox^-os, crowd]. Crowd-poison-
ing; disease due to overcrowding, and lack of ventila-
tion.

ochletic (ok-let'-ik) [ox^os, crowd]. Pertaining to,
or of the nature of, ochlesis.

ochlophobia (ok-lo-fo'-be-ah) [6x>^os, crowd; <t>60os,
fear]. Morbid fear of crowds.

ochriasis (o-kri'-as-is) [&xpos, yellow]. Sallowness
of complexion.

ochrometer (o-krom' -et-er) [uxpos, pale; ukrpov,
measure]. An instrument for measuring the capillary
blood-pressure.

ochronosis (o-kron-o'-sis) [coxpos, pale; vbaos, dis-
ease]. A brownish or blackish discoloration of
cartilage and allied structures; it is probably an
intensification of the pigmentation normally present
in these structures, occurring in advanced life.

ochronosus (o-kron'-o-sus) [ocher; vbcros, disease].
Any disease marked by dark discoloration of the
cartilages and allied structures.

ochronotic (o-kron-ot'-ik). Pertaining to or re-
lating to ochronosis.

ochropyra (o-kro-pi'-rah) [wxpbs, yellow; vvp,
fire]. Yellow fever.

Ocotea (ok-ot'-e-ah) [native name in Guiana]. A

OCTAD

620

ODONTOGLYPH

genus of laurinaceous trees. 0. cujumary of Brazil,
furnishes seeds which are used in dyspepsia. O.
opifera, a variety the oil from the fruit and the bark
of which is used as an antirheumatic. O. pretiosa
is used in neurasthenia.

octad {ok' -tad) [octo, eight], i. An octavalent ele-
ment or radical. 2. Having a valence of eight.

octan (ok'-tan) [octo]. Returning every eighth day,
as an octan fever.

octane (ok'-tan) [6«t&, eight], CsHis. The eighth
member of the paraffin or marsh-gas series.

octarius (ok-ta'-re-us) [octo]. An eighth part of a
gallon; a pint. Abbreviated O.

octavalent (ok-tav' -al-ent) [octo; valere, to be worth].
Having a quantivalence of eight.

octene (ok' -ten). See octylene.

octigravida (ok-te-grav'-id-ah) [octo; gravida, a
pregnant woman]. A woman pregnant for the eighth
time.

octipara (ok-tip'-ar-ah) [octo; par ere, to bring forth].
A woman who has been in labor eight times.

octivalent. See octavalent.

octo- (ok'-to-) [burto, eight]. A prefix denoting
reference to the number eight.

octoferric (ok-to-fer'-ik) [octo; f err um, iron]. Con-
taining eight atoms of iron in the molecule.

octoroon (ok-tor-oon') [oktoj, eight]. The offspring
of a white person and a quadroon; a person who has
one eighth part of negro blood.

octoses (ok'-to-ses) [<kr«, eight]. A group of the
monosacharides with the formula CsHieOs.

octylene (ok' -til-en) [oktw, eight], CsHi6. A color-
less liquid derived from octane.

ocular (ok'-u-lar) [oculus, the eye]. 1. Pertaining
to or in relation with the eye. 2. The lens of a
microscope that is turned toward the eye. o.,
compensating, a lens that compensates for axial
aberration of the objective, o., Huygenian, a lens
consisting of two planoconvex lenses, the convexities
being directed toward the objective; the lower lens
is the field-lens, the upper, the eye-lens.

oculentum (ok-u-len' -turn) [oculus, eye; pi., ocu-
lenta]. _ An ointment for use in the eye.

oculin (ok'-U-lin). An organo therapeutic prepara-
tion said to be a glycerol extract from the ciliary body
of the eyes of oxen.

oculist (ok'-u-list). Synonym of ophthalmologist.

oculo- (ok-u-lo-) [oculus, eye]. A prefix signifying
pertaining to the eye.

oculofacial (ok-u-lo-fa'-she-al). Relating to the
eyes and the face.

oculofrontal (ok-u-lo-fron'-tal) . Relating to the eyes
and the forehead.

oculomotor (ok-u-lo-mo' -tor) [oculo-; mover e, to
move]. 1. Pertaining to the movement of the eye,
as the oculomotor nerve. 2. Pertaining to the oculo-
motor nerve, as the oculomotor nucleus.

oculomotorius (ok-u-lo-mo-to' -re-us) [see oculo-
motor]. The third, or motor oculi, nerve.

oculonasal (ok-u-lo-na'-sal). Relating to the eye
and nose.

oculoreaction (ok-u-lo-re-ak'-shun). Ophthalmore-
action, q. v.

oculozygomatic (ok-u-lo-zi-go-mat'-ik) [oculo-; zy-
goma]. Pertaining to the eye and the zygoma. See
Jadelot's lines.

oculus (ok'-u-lus\ [L., an eye: pi., oculi]. An eye.
o. bovinus, o. bovis. Synonym of hydrophthalmia.
o. bubulus. Synonym of o. bovinus. o. caesius,
glaucoma, o. dexter, the right eye. o. duplex, a
bandage covering both eyes. o. elephantinus.
Synonym of hydrophthalmia. o. genu, the patella.
o. lacrimans, epiphora, o. leporinus, lagophthalmos.
oculi marmarygodes. See metamorphopsia. o. ovi,
cicatricula. o. purulentus, hypopyon, o. scapulae,
the glenoid cavity, o. sinister, the left eye. o.
simplex. See monoculus.

oculustro (ok-u-lus'-tro). A soap consisting of
oleate of potassium, glycerol, and turpentine.

ocyodinic (o-se-o-din'-ik) [dwcfe, swift; w5iVes, labor
pains]. Oxytocic; hastening the delivery o fthe fetus.

od (od) [55os, way]. The force supposed to pro-
duce the phenomena of mesmerism.

O. D. Abbreviation of oculus dexter, right eye;
also of optic disc.

odaxesmus (o-daks-ez'-mus) [68a^ria-p.6s, a sharp
biting]. The biting of the tongue, lip, or cheek,
occurring during an epileptic fit.

odaxetic (o-daks-et'-ik) [see odaxesmus]. Giving
rise to an itching or stinging sensation.

odic (o'-dik). Of or pertaining to the theoretical
force or influence od. o.-force. See od.

odinagogue (o-din'-ag-og). Synonym of oxytocic.

odol (o'-dol). A mouth- wash, said to consist of
phenyl salicylate, 2.5 parts; oil of peppermint, 0.5
part; saccharin, 0.004 part; and alcohol, 07 parts.

odontagma (o-don-tag'-mah) [68ovs, tooth; &yp,6s,
a breaking]. Same as odontoclasis.

odontagra (o-don-ta'-grah) [bSobs, tooth; &ypa,
seizure]. Toothache, especially a form due to gout.

odontalgia (o-don-taV -je-ah) [68obs, tooth; a\yos,
pain]. Toothache, o., phantom, pain felt in the
space from which a tooth is absent.

odontalgic (o-don-tal'-jik) [68ovs, tooth; &\yos,
pain]. 1. Antiodontalgic. 2. Relating to tooth-
ache. 3. A remedy for toothache.

odontatrophy (o-don-tat'-ro-fe) [68ovs, tooth; arpcxpia,
atrophy]. Atrophy of the teeth.

odonterism (o-don'-ter-izm). Chattering of the
teeth.

odontharpagra (o-don-thar-pa'-grah). Synonym of
dentagra.

odonthemodia (o-dont-hem-o'-de-ah) [68ovs, tooth;
alfiuSia, a having the teeth on edge]. Hemodia;
excessive sensibility of the teeth.

odonthercos (o-don-ther'-kos) [odonto-; ipaos, fence].
A set of teeth.

odonthyalophthora (o-dont-hi-al-off'-thor-ah) [odon-
to-; vahos, glass; <f>9eipeu>, to destroy]. Destruction of
the enamel of the teeth.

odonthyalus (o-dont-hi'-al-us) . Synonym of enamel.

odontia (o-don'-she-ah) [odonto-]. 1. Odontalgia.
2. Any abnormality in connection with the teeth.
o. deformis, deformity of the teeth, arising either
from error of shape, position, or malformation of the
jaws or alveolar border, o. incrustans, tartar of the
teeth.

odontiasis (o-don-ti'-as-is) [dSovHacns, teething].
Dentition; the cutting of teeth.

odontiater (o-don-te-a'-ter) [odonto-; larpds, physi-
cian]. A dentist.

odontiatria (o-don-te-a-tre'-ah) [odonto-; larpeta,
a healing]. Dental surgery.

odontic (o-don'-tik) [odonto-]. Appertaining to
the teeth.

odontinoid (o-don' -tin-oid) [odonto-; eiSos, re-
semblance]. Resembling or having the nature of
teeth,

odontitis (o-don-ti'-tis) [68ovs, tooth; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the teeth.

odonto- (o-don-to-) [680k, tooth]. A prefix sig-
nifying pertaining to a tooth.

odontoatlantal (o-don-to-at-lant'-al). Same as
atloaxoid.

odontoblast (o-don' -to-blast) [odonto-; /SXao-r6s, a
germ]. One of the cells covering the dental papilla
and forming the dentine.

odontoblastoma (o-don-to-blas-lo'-mah) [odonto-
blast; 6pa, tumor]. A tumor composed of dentine.

odontobothriitis (o-don-to-both-re-i'-tis) [odonto- ;
fiodpiov, a little cavity; iris, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the socket of a tooth.

odontobothrium (o-don-to-both'-re-um) [odonto- ;
(iodplov, a little cavity]. The alveolus of a tooth.

odontoceramic (o-don-to-ser-am'-ik) [odonto-; Kepa-
pos, clay]. Pertaining to porcelain teeth.

odontochalix (o-don-tok'-al-iks) [odonto-; x<Wu£.
mortar]. Dental cement.

odontochirurgical (o-don-to-ki-rur'-jik-al) [odonto-;
xeipovpyla, surgery]. Pertaining to dental surgery.

odontoclasis (o-don-tok' -las-is) [odonto-; KKaeiv, to
break]. The breaking of a tooth.

odontoclast (o-don' -to-klast) [odonto-; ickaeiv, to
break]. A protoplasmic cell engaged in absorbing
the fang of a deciduous tooth.

odontocnesis (o-don-tok-ne'-sis) [odonto-; Kvfiavs, an
itching]. A painful itching sensation in the gums,
as that preceding cutting of the teeth.

odontodol (o-don' -to-dol) . A dental anodyne said
to contain cocaine hydrochloride, 1 part; oil of
cherry-laurel, 1 part; tincture of arnica, 10 parts;
solution of ammonium acetate, 20 parts.

odontodynia (o-don-to-din'-e-ah) [odonto-; b8vvt),
pain]. Toothache.

odontogen (o-don' -to- j en) [odonto-; yewav, to pro-
duce], A material producing dentine.

odontogeny (o-don-toj'-en-e) [odonto-; yewav, to
beget]. The origin and development of teeth.

odontoglyph (o-don' -to-glif) [odonto-; y\{xpav, to
carve]. An instrument used for scraping the teeth.

ODONTOGRAPHY

621

OHM

odontography (o-don-tog'-ra-fe) [odonto-; ypa<j>et.v,
to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the teeth.

odontoid (o-don'-toid) [odonto-; e18os, like]. Re-
sembling a tooth; tooth-like. o. ligament. See
ligament, odontoid, o. process, the dentate process
of the second cervical vertebra.

odontolith (o-don' -to-lith) [odonto-; \Ldos, a stone].
The calcareous accretion on the teeth, popularly
known as tartar.

odontology (o-don-tol'-o-je) [odonto-; X670S, sci-
ence]. The branch of science dealing with the ana-
tomy and diseases of the teeth.

odontoloxia, odontoloxy (o-don-to-loks'-e-ah, o-don'-
to-loks-e) [odonto-; \o£6s, slanting]. Irregularity or
obliquity of the teeth.

odontoma (o-don-to'-mah) [odonto-; op.a, tumor],
i. A tumor containing dentine or tooth-like structure.
2. Any tumor in connection with the teeth.

odontome (o-don' -torn). See odontoma, o., com-
posite, a tumor made up of all the histological ele-
ments of teeth, thrown together indiscriminately.

odontomys (o-don' -to-mis) [odonto-; p.vs, mouse].
The dental pulp.

odontonecrosis (o-don-to-nek-ro'-sis) [odonto- ; necro-
sis]. Necrosis or decay of the tissues of the teeth.

odontoneuralgia (o-don-to-nu-ral'-je-ah) [odonto-;
neuralgia]. Neuralgia due to diseased teeth.

odontonosology (o-don-to-nos-ol'-o-je) [odonto-; vb-
<ros, disease; \6yos, science]. A treatise on diseases
of the teeth ; also that branch of medicine that treats
of diseases of the teeth.

odontoparallaxis (o-don-to-par-al-aks'-is) [odonto- ;
vapaKXa^Ls, deviation]. Irregularity of the teeth;
deviation of one or more of the teeth from the natural
position.

odontopathy (o-don-top'-alh-e) [odonto-; iraBos, suf-
fering]. Any disease of the teeth.

odontoperiosteum (o-don' -to-per-e-os-te-um) . Syn-
onym of periodonteum.

odontoplerosis (o-don-to-ple-ro'-sis) [odonto-; irkr/-
poxrvs, filling]. The filling of teeth.

odontoprisis (o-don-to-pri'-sis) [odonto-; xpiVts, a
sawing]. Grinding of the teeth.

odontorrhagia (o-don-tor-a'-je-ah) [odonto-; fay-
vwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the socket
of a tooth.

odontorthosia {o-don-tor-tho'-ze-ah) [odonto-; dpdfc,
straight]. The operation of straightening irregularly
growing teeth.

odontorthosis (o-don-lor-tho'-sis). Same as odon-
torthosia.

odontoschisis (o-don-tos' -kis-is) [odonto-; o-x'T*"'.
to split]. Splitting of a tooth.

odontoschism (o-don' -to-skizm) [odonto-; ax^eiv,
to split]. A fissure in a tooth.

odontoscope (o-don' -to-sk op) [odonto-; aicoireZp, to
see]. A dental mirror used for inspecting the teeth.

odontoseisis {o-don-to-si'-sis) [odonto-; aelais, a
shaking]. Looseness of the teeth from partial or
total destruction of the alveolar processes, caused
most frequently by disease of the gums.

odontosis (o-don-to'-sis) [6Sovs, tooth]. The forma-
tion and development of the teeth.

odontosteophyte, odontosteophyton (o-don-tos' -te-
o-fit, o-don-tos-te-off'-it-on) [odonto-; barkov, bone;
<j>veiy, to grow]. A bony outgrowth from a tooth.

odontosteresis (o-don-to-ster-e'-sis) [odonto-; arkp-
jjffw, privation]. Loss of the teeth.

odontotechny (o-don' -to-tek-ne) [odonto-; rkxvv<
art]. Dental surgery.

odontotheca (o-don-to-the'-kah) [odonto-; driK-o,
case]. The follicle of a tooth.

odontotherapy (o-don-to-ther'-ap-e) [odonto-; 6epa-
ireia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases of the
teeth.

odontotrimma (o-don-to-trim'-ah) [odonto-; rpLpp-a,
a pulverized substance: pi., odontotrimmata], A
tooth-powder.

odontotripsis (o-don-to-trip'-sis) [odonto-; rpL$u.v,
to rub]. The natural abrasion or wearing away of
the teeth.

odontotrypy (o-don-tot'-rip-e) [odonto-; rpvirav, to
perforate]. Perforation of a tooth to remove pus or
a diseased pulp.

odor (o'-dor) [L.]. A scent, smell or perfume.
Fragrance.

odoration (o-dor-a'-shun) [odoralio, a smelling],
i. The act of smelling. 2. The sense of smell.

odorator (o-dor-a'-tor) [odor, perfume]. An ato-
mizer for diffusing liquid perfumes.

odoriferous (o-dor-if'-er-us) [odor; ferre, to carry].
Fragrant.

O'Dwyer's method of treating intubation ulcers
(o-dwi'-er) [Joseph P. O'Dwyer, American physician,
1 841-1898]. This consists in the employment of
tubes provided with a narrow neck and coated with
a layer of gelatin and alum. The gelatinized tube is
left in the larynx for five days, at the end of which
time it is removed and replaced by a similar tube.
This process is repeated three times, at the end of
which the ulcer will usually be found to be com-
pletely healed. O'D.'s tubes, tubes used for intu-
bation of the larynx.

odyl, odyle (od'-il). See od.

odynacousis, odynacusis (o-din-ah-koo'-sis) [bbivrj,
pain; 6.Koveiv, to hear]. Pain caused by noises.

-odyne, -odynia (-o-din, -o-din' -e-ah) [68wrj, pain],
A suffix denoting pain.

odynolysis (o-din-ol'-is-is) [bbvvrj, pain; Xuew, to
loose]. Alleviation of pain.

odynometer (o-din-om'-et-er) [65vvr], pain; p.krpov,
measure]. An instrument for recording the amount
of pain suffered by a patient.

odynopeia (o-din-o-pe'-e-ah) [dSvvrj, pain; irotelv,
to make]. The induction of labor-pains.

odynopeic (o-din-o-pe'-ik). Oxytocic.

odynophagia (o-din-o-fa'-je-ah). See odynphagia.

odynophobia (o-din-of-o' -be-ah) [oSOvrj, pain; <p6@os,
fear]. Morbid dread of pain; algophobia.

odynopceia (o-din-o-pe'-e-ah). The induction of
labor pains.

odynphagia (o-din-fa'-je-ah) [bSvvr], pain; <payelv,
to eat]. Painful deglutition.

odynuria (o-din-u'-re-ah) [65vi>ri, pain; ovpov, urine].
The painful passage of urine.

oe-. See e-.

oecology (e-kol'-o-je) [oIkos, a house, family; X670S,
science]. See ecology.

■ Oehl's layer (el) [Eusebio Oehl, Italian anatomist,
1827-1903]. The stratum lucidum of the epidermis.

(Enanthe (e-nan'-the) [olvos, wine; avdos, a flower].
A genus of umbelliferous plants. The fruit of (E.
phellandrium is diuretic, carminative, and recom-
mended as a specific sedative to the bronchial
mucosa. Dose of powdered fruit 1 dr. (4 Cc.) in 24
hours.

cenanthol (e-nan' -thol) , C7H14O. An aromatic
liquid distilled from castor oil.

oenanthotoxin (e-nan-tho-toks'-in), C1-H22O5. A
toxic resinoid from (Enanthe crocata.

cenilism (e'-nil-izm) [olvos, wine]. A form of
alcoholism produced by abuse of wine.

Oertel's method (er'-tel) [Max Joseph Oertel,
German physician, 1835-1897]. The treatment of
circulatory disturbances of heart disease, obesity,
emphysema, etc., by mechanical means. The objects
aimed at are: 1. Diminution of the fatty tissue de-
posited, achieved by regulating the diet, etc. 2. Re-
duction of the body-fluids, accomplished by reducing
the ingestion of all fluids. 3. Strengthening of the
heart-muscle and promotion of the development
of compensatory hypertrophy, attained by methodical
mountain-climbing and other systematic exercise.
4. Stimulation of the circulation by massage, passive
movements, and sanitary gymnastics.

oese (e'-zeh) [Ger.]. An instrument consisting of
a loop of platinum wire affixed to a glass handle and
employed in bacteriological investigation.

oesophagus and allied words. See esophagus, etc.

oestrum (es'-trum). See estrum.

oestrus (es'-trus). See estrus.

offal (off'-al). Refuse of any kind.

official (of-ish'-al) [officium, duty; service]. Of
medicines, sanctioned by the recognized authority,
i. e., the pharmacopeia.

officinal (of-is'-in-al) [officina, a workshop]. For
sale in the shops; kept on sale in apothecaries' shops.

ogmomele (og-mo-me'-le) [oypos, furrow; ^17X77,
probe]. A grooved probe.

Ogston's line (og'-ston) [Alexander Ogston, Scotch
surgeon, 1844- ]. An imaginary line extending
from the tubercle of the femur to the intercondyloid
notch, and indicating the course of the tendon of the
adductor magnus; it is a guide in section of the
internal condyle from the shaft of the femur.

ohm (6m) [Georg Simon Ohm, German physicist,
1787-1854]. The unit of electrical resistance. The ohm
adopted as a standard varies: the British Association
ohm is the resistance of a column of mercury 1 square
millimeter in section and 1.0493 18 meters long.

OHMMETER

622

OIL

The legal ohm is similar to that just described ex-
cept that the column of mercury is 1.06 meters in
length. The international ohm, adopted 1893, is
the resistance of a column of mercury 1.063 centi-
meters long and weighing 14.4521 grams. O.'s
law, the current strength in any conductor varies
directly as the electromotive force, and inversely as
the resistance.

ohmmeter (om'-e-tur). An apparatus for esti-
mating electric resistance in ohms.

-oid (-oid) [eI5os, like]. A suffix signifying like-
ness or resemblance.

oidial (o-id'-e-al) . Pertaining to or due to a fungus
of the genus Oidium.

oidiomycetes (o-id-e-o-mi-se'-tes) [oidium; imvktjs,
fungus]. A group of fungi which includes Oidium.

oidiomycosis (o-id-e-o-mi-ko'-sis) [ww, an egg;
mycosis], A disease produced by yeast-fungi of
the genus Oidium. 0. cutis, a cutaneous disease
produced by blastomycetic fungi of the genus
Oidium. o. lactis, the white mold found on milk,
bread, etc.

Oidium (o-id'-e-um) [dim. of $6v, egg]. A genus
of parasitic fungi. O. albicans, the thrush-fungus.

oikiomania (oi-ke-o-ma'-ne-ah) [oIkos, house; navla,
mania]. Domestic perversity; shrewishness mani-
fested specially in one's own home.

oikoid (oi'-koid) [oIkos, house; elSos, like]. The
stroma of red corpuscles.

oikologic (oi-kol-oj'-ik) [oIkos, house; \6yos, science].
Relating to the condition and improvement of homes.

oikology (oi-kol'-oj-e) [oIkos, a house; X670J, science].
The science of the home.

oikophobia (oi-ko-fo'-be-ah) [oIkos, house; 4>6Pos,
dread]. Morbid dread, or dislike of home, or of a
house.

oikosite (oi'-ko-sit) [oIkos, house; airos, food]. A
parasite fixed to its host.

oil [oleum, from iXcuop, oil]. A liquid of animal
or vegetable, sometimes of mineral, origin, having a
peculiar feel, and not miscible with water. Animal
and vegetable oils are either volatile or fixed. (For
the various oils not defined here see under the qualifying
word.) o., aleurites, a fixed oil with nutty flavor
from the seeds of the candlenut tree, Aleurites triloba.
It is a mild cathartic, acting in the same manner as
castor-oil and more promptly. Dose f-i oz. (15-
30 Cc). o., almond. See under amygdala, o. of
amber. Seesuccinum. o., of anda, a fixed oil from
seeds of Joannesia princeps, used as a purgative.
o. of angelica, a volatile oil from roots of Archangelica
officinalis, used as a tonic, o., animal, an oil obtained
from destructive distillation of bones; applied in
skin diseases and used internally in hysteria. Dose
S-20 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc). o. of anise, an essential
oil from anise, used as a carminative, o. of anise,
star, essential oil from fruit of Illicium anisatum.
o. of arachis, fixed oil from peanuts, the fruit of
Arachis hypogcea. 0. of arbor vitae. See o. of
thuja, o. of arnica flowers, an essential oil from
A. montana, used as a diuretic and an emmenagogue,
and externally for rheumatism, o. of artemesia,
an antiseptic and astringent oil from the flowers of
Roman wormwood, A. maritima. o. of asphalt, a
rubefacient, antiseptic oil obtained from destructive
distillation of asphalt; it is applied in rheumatism
and parasitic skin diseases, o. of balm, an essential
antispasmodic oil from the leaves of Melissa officinalis.
©., basil-, an essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum
basilicum. It is antiseptic and stimulant. Dose
1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc). o. of behen. Same as
o. of ben. o. of ben, a fixed oil from seeds of two
species of Moringa, Asiatic trees, o. , of benne.
See 0. of sesame, o. of birch-bark, a volatile oil from
the bark of Betula lenta, almost identical with
oil of wintergreen; antirheumatic and antiseptic.
Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-1.8 Cc). o. of birch-wood, an
antiseptic black liquid from Betula alba. It is used
in skin diseases, o. of bitter almond. See under
amygdala, o. of boldus, a volatile oil from Peumus
fragrans, used in genitourinary inflammations.
o., British, a variety of petroleum, o. of cade,
juniper tar, an empyreumatic oil distilled from the
wood of Juniperus oxycedrus, used as an antiseptic.
o. of camomile (German), an essential oil from
Matricaria chamomilla. It is used in colic, cramps,
etc. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o. of camomile
(Roman), an essential oil from the flowers of An-
themis nobilis. It is tonic and stomachic. Dose
1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o., camphorated, a solution

of camphor in olive-oil. o. of Canada snake-root,

an antiseptic, aromatic oil from Asarum canadense.
o., candle-nut. See o., aleurites. o. of canella, a
volatile, stimulant oil from Canella alba, used as a
flavor, o. of caraway. See under carum. o. of
cardamom, a volatile oil from cardamom, used as
an aromatic and stimulant, o., Carron, an oil con-
sisting of equal or nearly equal parts of linseed-oil
and lime-water. It is used as an application to
burns, and is named after the Carron iron- works in
Scotland, "where it was first employed. 0. of cas-
carilla, a volatile oil from the bark of Croton eluteria;
it is stimulant and aromatic and is used as an ad-
juvant in bitter tonics. Dose 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12
Cc). o. of cedar leaves, a volatile oil from leaves of
Juniperus virginiana, used as an antiseptic and
emmenagogue. o. of cedar wood, volatile oil from
wood of Juniperus virginiana. o. of cedrat, volatile
oil from fruit-rind of Citrus medica, used as an aro-
matic, o. of celery, volatile oil from seeds of Apium
graveolens, used in nervous affections, o. of cham-
omile, German, a volatile oil from the flowers of
Matricaria chamomilla, used in cramps, o. of
chamomile, Roman, a volatile oil from flowers of
Anthemis nobilis, used as a stomachic, o. of cham-
paca, a volatile oil from the flowers « of Michelia
champaca. o. of cherry-laurel, an essential oil
from the leaves of Prunus laurocerasus ; it has the
odor and properties of oil of bitter almonds; used
as a sedative. Dose &-% min. (0.01-0.03 Cc).
o. of citronella, an essential oil from various species
of the grass Andropogon. o. of cloves, a volatile
oil from cloves, used as an antiseptic, o., cocoanut-,
a white, semisolid fat, soluble in alcohol and ether,
obtained from the nut of Cocos nucifera. It is used
as an alterant and nutrient and as an ointment-base.
Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Cc). o. of cypress, a volatile,
oily liquid obtained from the fresh leaves and shoots
of Cupressus sempervirens. It is antiseptic and anti-
spasmodic and is recommended in whooping-cough;
used by sprinkling the clothes and room, o., dead,
a heavy oil. 0. of dill, a volatile oil from the fruit
of Peucedanum graveolens, used as a carminative.
Dose 3-10 min. (0.2-0.6 Cc). o., Dippel's. See
o., animal, o.s, distilled, volatile oils, o., doegling.
See doegling oil. o., dugong, oil from the cetaceous
animal Halicare dugong. o., Dutch, same as o.
Haarlem, o. of ergot, a laxative oil from ergot.
o. of erigeron, a volatile oil from E. canadense, used
as a hemostatic, o., essential, a volatile oil, so-
called because it contains the essence or active
principle of a plant, o., ethereal, a calmative,
volatile liquid consisting of ether and heavy oil of
wine. o. of eulachon, the fixed oil of candle-fish
blubber, o., fatty, salt-like bodies composed of
characteristic acids (oleic, palmitic, and stearic),
known as fatty acids, and a base. In most cases the
base is glyceryl, the radical of the triatomic alcohol,
glycerol, so that the oils are said to be glycerids of
the several fatty acids. See o., fixed, o. of fir cones,
a volatile oil from the cones of Picea excelsa, used
as an antiseptic, o. of fir, scotch, volatile oil from
the leaves of Pinus sylvestris, used in chronic rheuma-
tism, o. of fireweed, volatile oil from Erechtites
prcealta, used as a tonic, o., fixed, one not volatilizing
on the application of heat. Fixed oils are also
called fatty oils, because they in part constitute the
animal and vegetable fats. Some are liquid, as olive-
oil, cottonseed-oil, linseed-oil, castor-oil, etc.; others
are solid, as tallow and beeswax, which chemically
belong to the group of oils. See o., fatty, o., fusel,
a volatile oily liquid obtained in rectifying brandy
and whisky; it consists largely of amyl alcohol; is
poisonous, and used as a solvent, o. of garlic,
volatile oil from bulbs of Allium sativum, used as a
diuretic and expectorant, o. of gaultheria. See
o. of wintergreen. o. of ginger, volatile oil from
ginger, used as a stomachic, o. of gingili, sesame oil.
o., gomenol, a terpinol said to be obtained from
Melaleuca leucadendron ; it is recommended in per-
tussis. Dose i|-3 dr. (6-12 Cc.) of 5 % oil injected
into the gluteal muscles, o., Haarlem, an oily anti-
septic preparation of sulphurated linseed oil and oil
of turpentine, o., heavy, of wine, the product ob-
tained when alcohol is treated with an excess of
sulphuric acid. See oleum cethereum. o. of hemlock,
volatile oil from the bark of Tsuga canadensis.
o., herring, fixed oil of herrings, o. of hops, a volatile
oil from hops; sedative, tonic, and narcotic. Dose
1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o. of horsemint, a volatile

OIL

623

OLECRANON

oil from Monarda punctata; used as a Carminative.
Dose i-io min. (0.06-0.6 Cc). o. of hyoscyamus
leaves, a green oil prepared by heating a fixed oil
with fresh leaves of Hyoscyamus niger; used as a
sedative in the cough of tuberculosis. Dose 1-5 min.
(0.06-0.3 Cc). o., hyssop, a volatile oil from
Hyssopus officinalis; used in diarrhea, colic, etc.
Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o. of jatropha curcas,
a fixed oil from Barbados nuts, used as a purgative.
0. of juniper berries, volatile oil from fruit of juniper,
used as a diuretic and stimulant and to preserve sur-
gical ligatures, o. of juniper wood, volatile oil from
the fresh wood of Juniperus communis. Not to be
used for preserving catgut; not to be confounded with
oil of cade, o., juniper, empyreumatic. See cade,
oil of. o., lard, oil from hog's lard. o. of lemon,
a volatile carminative oil from fresh lemon-rind.
o. of lemon balm. Same as o. of balm. o. of lemon
grass, volatile oil from several species of Andropogon.
o. of linaloe, a volatile oil distilled from a Mexican
wood of uncertain origin, o., linseed-. See lini,
oleum, under linum. o. of male-fern, a volatile oil
from Dryopteris filix-?nas and D. marginalis; it
is used as an anthelmintic. Dose 12-25 min. (0.7-
1.5 Cc). o., margosa, a bitter yellow oil from
the seeds of Melia azadirachta; it is used as an
anthelmintic and as an application in rheumatism
and in sunstroke, o., marjoram, wild, an essential
oil from the tops of Origanum vulgar e; it is antiseptic,
tonic, and emmenagogue. Dose 2-10 min. (0.12-
0.6 Cc). It is also used externally in skin diseases.
0. of matico, a volatile antiseptic oil from Piper
angustifolium ; used in diseases of the urinary tract.
Dose 5-1 min. (0.03-0.06 Cc). o. of menhaden, a
fixed oil from blubber of menhaden, o. of milfoil,
a carminative oil from the flowers of Achillea mille-
folium, o., mineral, petroleum and certain of its
derivatives. 0. of mint, curled, volatile oil from the
leaves of Mentha aquatica. o. of mirbane, nitro-
benzene, q. v. o. of mustard. See under mustard.
o. of myrtle, volatile oil from the leaves of
Myrtus communis, used as an antiseptic, o. of
nagkassar or nahor, oil from the seeds of Mesua
ferrea, used locally in rheumatism, o., neatsfoot,
fixed, lubricant oil from the feet of neat cattle.
o. of Neroli, an essential oil from the flowers of bitter
orange, used as a perfume, o., Niaouli, a volatile
oil from the leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron, con-
taining 66 % of eucalyptol; used in tuberculosis.
Dose 4 min. (0.25 Cc.) 6 times daily; as an injection,
165 min. {1 Cc.) in olive-oil. o., orange, volatile
oils from the leaves, flowers, and fruit of various
species of orange, o. of orange-peel, an essential
oil from the fresh rind of Citrus aurantium. o.,
origanum. See o., marjoram, wild; also the common
but erroneous name for oil of thyme, o. of orris, a
volatile oil from the rhizome of several species of Iris.
o., paraffin, principally hydrocarbons of the Cn-
H2n+2 series, distilled from petroleum. o. of
patchouli, volatile oil from the leaves of Pogostemon
heyneanus, used as a perfume, o. of peanut. Same
as 0. of arachis. o. of peppermint, volatile oil from
leaves of Mentha piperita, used as a carminative and
antiseptic, o. of peppermint, Mitcham, oil from
peppermint 'grown at Mitcham, Surrey, England.
o., phosphorated, one per cent, solution of phos-
phorus in almond oil and ether, used as a nerve stimu-
lant, o. of pinus pumilio, a very fragrant volatile
oil from the leaves of Pinus pumilio; antiseptic and
expectorant, and used also in glandular enlargements
and skin diseases. Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 -Cc).
o. of poho, Japanese oil of peppermint, o. of poppy,
a fixed oil from the seeds of various species of Papaver.
o. of porpoise, fixed oil from blubber of porpoise.
o. of pumpkin seed, thick, oily liquid from the seeds
of Curcurbila pepo; it is said to be anthelmintic.
o. of rhodium, volatile oil from the wood of Con-
volvulus scoparius, used as a perfume, o., rock-,
petroleum, o. of rosewood. See o. of rhodium.
o. of sassafras, volatile oil from the root-bark of
5. officinale, used as an aromatic and carminative.
o. seneca, crude petroleum, o., sesame, a fixed
oil from the seeds of Sesamum indicum; it is laxative
and nutrient. Dose 4-8 dr. (15-30 Cc). o., shore,
a kind of cod-liver oil prepared on shore, o. of
spearmint, a volatile oil from Mentha viridis, used as
a carminative and an antiseptic, o., sperm, fixed
oil from fat of Physeter macrocephalus, sperm whale.
0. of spike, a volatile oil from the leaves and tops of
Lavandula spica; carminative and rubefacient, and

used externally in rheumatism, o., straits, the
first oil obtained by the exposure of the livers of
codfish to the sun in casks, on board ship. o. of
sumbul, volatile oil from the root of Ferula sumbul;
it is tonic and antispasmodic, o., sweet-. See
olive-oil. o. of sweet bay. See o. of laurel, o. of
tansy, a volatile, poisonous oil from the leaves and
tops of Tanacetum vulgare, used as an anthelmintic
and emmenagogue. o. of teaberry. See o. of
gaultheria. o. of theobroma, cacao-butter, o.,
thuja, an essential oil from the leaves of Thuja occi-
dentalis; emmenagogue, tonic, and antiseptic, o. of
turpentine, a volatile oil from the concrete resin of
Pinus palustris and other species; chiefly consisting
of C10H16; it is anthelmintic, antiseptic, diuretic, and
rubefacient. Dose 5-120 min. (0.3-7.4 Cc). o.,
valerian, a volatile oil from the rhizome and root of
Valeriana officinalis, used in nervous diseases. Dose
4-5 min. (0.25-0.3 Cc). o. of verbena. See o. of
lemon grass, o., volatile, one which vaporizes at
ordinary temperatures. Volatile oils are odoriferous,
and are generally obtained by distillation, o. of
wax, a volatile oil from the distillation of wax. o.
of white cedar. See o., thuja, o. of wine, heavy,
oily liquid from the distillation of wine with excess
of sulphuric acid. o. of wintergreen, an essential
oil from the leaves of Gaultheria procumbens; used
in rheumatism and chronic cystitis. Dose 5-10
min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). o. of ylang ylang, a volatile,
antiseptic oil distilled in the Philippine Islands from
the flowersof Cananga odorata.

oinomania (oi-no-ma'-ne-ah) [olvos, wine; navla,
madness]. 1. A form of insanity characterized by
an irresistible craving for, and consequent indulgence
in, drink. 2. Delirium tremens.

ointment (oint'-ment) [L., unguentum], A fatty
material of the consistence of butter, generally
impregnated with a medicinal substance, and used
for application to the skin, o., citrine. See citrine
ointment, o., Lister's, boric acid, 1; white wax, 1;
paraffin, 2; almond oil, 2 parts, o., Maury's, one
composed of one dram of mercuric nitrate and half a
dram each of powdered opium and rhubarb to an
ounce of simple ointment. It is used as an appli-
cation to ulcers, o.-muslin, a muslin strip impreg-
nated with ointment, o., simple. See unguentum.
o., soldiers', o., troopers', mercurial ointment, q. v.
{For other ointments not here defined see under un-
guentum or the qualifying word.)

Oken's body (o'-ken) [Lorenz Oken, German
naturalist, 1770-1851]. The primitive kidneys or
Wolffian bodies.

-ol. A termination indicating that the substance
is an alcohol or a phenol.

ol. Abbreviation for oleum, Latin word for oil.

O.L.A. Abbreviation for occipitolcevo anterior, or
left occipitoanterior position of the head of the fetus
in labor.

old-sight. Presbyopia.

Olea (o'-le-ah) [eXcu'a, the olive-tree]. A genus of
trees; see olive.

olea (o'-le-ah) [L.]. Plural of oleum, q. v. o. in-
fusa, infused oils.

oleaginous (o-le-aj'-in-us) [oleum, oil]. Oily.

oleamen (o-le-a'-men) [L. : pi., oleamina]. An
oily, soft ointment or liniment.

oleander (o-le-an'-der). See Nerium.

oleandrism (o-le-an' -drizm) . Poisoning by ole-
ander; analogous to digitalism.

olease (o'-le-as) . An enzyme in olives which causes
precipitation of the coloring-matter of olive-oil
and rancidity by formation of fatty acids.

oleate (o'-le-at) [oleum, oil]. 1. A salt of oleic
acid. 2. A mixture of oleic acid with certain medi-
cinal principles.

olecranal (o-lek'-ran-al) [see olecranon]. Pertain-
ing to the olecranon.

olecranarthritis (o-lek-ran-ar-thri'-tis) [olecranon ;
arthritis]. Inflammation of the elbow-joint.

olecranarthrocace (o-lek-ran-arth-rok'-as-e) [ole-
cranon; apOpov, joint; kcucos, evil]. Inflammation of
the elbow-joint.

olecranoid (o-lek'-ran-oid) [olecranon; eI5os, like].
Resembling the olecranon, o. fossa, the fossa at
the dorsal side of the distal end of the humerus for
the reception of the olecranon.

olecranon (o-lek'-ran-on) [ajXei^, the ulna; upaviov,
skull]. The large concave process at the upper
extremity of the ulna.

OLEFIANT

624

OLIGOPHRENIA

defiant (o-lef-e-ant) [see olefin]. Making oil.
o. gas. See ethylene.

olefin (o'-lef-in) [oleum, oil; facer e, to make],
defiant gas; also any one of a series of unsaturated
hydrocarbons having the formula CnHm.

oleic (o'-le-ik) [oleum]. Relating to, containing,
or obtained from oil. o. acid. See acid, oleic.

olein (p'-le-in) [oleum], C57H104O6. A neutral fat,
glyceryl trioleate, occurring in olive-oil, butter, and
other animal and vegetable fats. It is a colorless oil
with a faint, sweetish taste, insoluble in water,
readily soluble in alcohol and ether.

oleo- (o-le-o-) [oleum]. A prefix to denote con-
nection with or relation to an oil.

oleobalsamic mixture (o-le-o-bawl-sam'-ik). A
mixture of the oils of lavender, thyme, lemon, mace,
orange-flowers, cloves, and cinnamon, with balsam
of Peru and, alcohol. It is used as a nervine.

oleocreosote (o-le-o-kre'-o-sot) [oleo-; creosote].
A yellowish, neutral liquid composed of creosote,
33 %» and oleic acid. It is used in bronchial and
pulmonary diseases. Dose 10-15 min. (0.65-1.0 Cc).

oleoguaiacol (o-le-o-gwi'-ak-ol). See guaiacol
oieate.

oleoinfusion (o-le-o-in-fit'-zhun). An oily solution
of a drug.

oleomargarine (o-le-o-mar' '-gar-en) [oleo-; fi&pyapos,
the pearl-oyster]. An artificial butter made by
removing the excess of stearin from tallow or suet.

oleometer (o-le-om'-et-er) [oleum, oil; perpov,
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the weight
and purity of oil.

oleoresin (o-le-o-rez'-in) [oleo-; resina, resin]. A
substance consisting chiefly of a mixture of an
essential oil and a resin extracted from plants with
ether.

oleosaccharose (o-le-o-sak'-ar-os). A compound
of saccharose with an essential oil.

oleosaccharum {o-le-o-sak'-ar-um) [oleum, oil;
aaKxapov, sugar; pi., oleosacchara]. An oil-sugar; a
preparation made by saturating thirty grains of
sugar with one drop of volatile oil.

oleum (o'-le-um) [L.]. See oil. (For the various
oils (olea) not defined here see under oil or under the
qualifying word.) o. aethereum, a volatile, yellowish
liquid consisting of equal volumes of heavy oil of
wine and ether. Heavy oil of wine is produced when
alcohol and sulphuric acid are distilled, and is a
mixture of ethyl sulphate, ethyl sulphite, and several
polymeric forms of ethylene, o. fixum, a fixed oil.
See oil, fixed, o. nigrum, a reddish-yellow oil, ob-
tained in the East Indies from the seeds of Celastrus
paniculatus; it is a powerful stimulant and dia-
phoretic, and is used in rheumatism, gout, and various
fevers, o. phosphoratum, a mixture of phosphorus,
1 gr. ; ether, 9 gr. ; almond oil, 90 Cc. It is prescribed
in rhachitis.

olfaction (ol-fak'-shun) [olfacere, to smell]. The
function of smelling.

olfactive (ol-fak'-tiv) [olfaction]. Synonym of
olfactory. 0. angle, the angle formed by the line
of the olfactory fossa and the os planum of the
sphenoid bone.

olfactometer (ol-fak-tom'-et-er) [olfaction; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the power
of smell.

olfactometry (ol-fak-tom'-et-re). The science of
measuring the acuteness of the sense of smell.

olfactory (ol-fak'-to-re) [olfaction]. Pertaining to
the sense of smell, o. bulb, the bulbous end of the
olfactory nerve, o. cells, the cells of the nasal fossae
forming the peripheral end-organs of the olfactory
nerve, o. center, the cerebral center for the sense of
smell, supposed to be in the hippocampal gyrus.
0. glomerulus, one of the terminations of the olfac-
tory fibers in the olfactory bulb. o. groove. See
o. sulcus, o. islets. See Calleja's olfactory islets.
o. lobe, the olfactory tubercle, olfactory tract, and
olfactory bulb considered together, o. membrane,
the Schneiderian membrane, q. v. o. nerve, the
first cranial nerve, the nerve of smell. 0. region,
the area of distribution of the olfactory nerve
in the upper part of the nose. o. sulcus, the
furrow for the olfactory tract and bulb on the
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and on
the orbital surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
o. tract, the central portion of the olfactory lobe
terminating anteriorly in the olfactory bulb and
posteriorly in the olfactory tubercle, o. trigone, the
triangular mass of gray matter between the roots of

the olfactory bulb. o. tubercle, the expanded end
of the narrow olfactory lobe, commonly called
olfactory nerve or first cranial nerve; the olfactory
bulb. o. vesicle, the embryonic vesicle forming the
olfactory tract and bulb.

olibanum (o-lib'-an-um) [Ar., al-luban, frankin-
cense]. A gum-resin produced by various species
of Boswellia. It has been used as a substitute for
the balsams of Peru and tolu, as an inhalation in
laryngeal and bronchial inflammations, for fumiga-
tion, and in plasters. Syn., frankincense.

oligemia, oligaemia (ol-ig-e' -me-ah) [6X1705, scanty;
alua, blood]. A state in which the total quantity
of the blood is diminished, oligaemia serosa. Same
as hydremia.

olighemia, olighsemia (ol-ig-he' -me-ah). Same as
oligemia, q. v.

olighidria, oligidria (ol-ig-hi'-dre-ah, ol-ig-id'-re-ah)
[oligo-; idpus, sweat]. Deficiency of perspiration.

olighydria (ol-ig-hi'-dre-ah) [oligo-; iidwp, water].
Deficiency of the fluids of the body,

oligo- (ol-ig-o-) [o\iyos, few or scanty]. A prefix
signifying want or deficiency.

oligoblennia (ol-ig-o-blen'-e-ah) [oligo-; p\kwa,
mucus]. A deficient secretion of mucus.

oligocardia (ol-ig-o-kar'-de-ah) [oligo-; napbla,
heart]. Same as bradycardia.

oligocholia (ol-ig-o-ko'-le-ah) [oligo-; x°M. bile].
A deficiency of bile.

oligochromemia, oligochromsemia (ol-ig-o-kro-me'-
me-ah) [oligo-; xP<*>Ma> color; alfia, blood]. Deficiency
of hemoglobin in the blood.

oligochrosis (ol-ig-o-kro'-sis) [oligo-; xp&<n*i a
coloring]. Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood-
corpuscles.

oligochylia (ol-ig-o-ki'-le-ah) [oligo-; x^Xos, chyle].
A deficiency of chyle.

oligochymia (ol-ig-o-ki' -me-ah) [oligo-; xv^os, juice].
A deficiency of chyme.

oligocopria (ol-ig-o-kop'-re-ah) [oligo-; Kovpos, ex-
crement]. Deficiency of excrement.

oligocystic (ol-ig-o-sis'-tik) [oligo-; Kvans, cyst].
Having few cysts or open spaces.

oligocythemia, oligocythemia (ol-ig-o- si-the' -me-ah)
[oligo-; kvtos, cell; al/ia, blood]. A deficiency of
red corpuscles in the blood.

oligocytosis (ol-ig-o-si-to'-sis). See oligocythemia.

oligodacrya (ol-ig-o-dak'-re-ah) [oligo-; Saupvov,
tear]. Deficiency of the tears.

oligodactylia (61-ig-o-dak-tiV -e-ah) [oligo-; SiucrvXos,
finger]. A condition characterized by a deficiency
of fingers or toes.

oligoerythrocythemia, oligoerythrocythaemia (ol-ig-
o-er-ith-ro-si-the' -me-ah) [oligo-; ipvdpos, red; kvtos,
cell; alua, blood]. Deficiency of the coloring-
matter of the red corpuscles of the blood.

oligogalactia (ol-ig-o-gal-ak'-te-ah) [oligo-; galactia].
Deficiency in the secretion of milk.

oligogalia (ol-ig-o-ga'-le-ah)._ See oligogalactia. (

oligoglobulia (ol-ig-o-glo-bu'-le-ah). See oligo-
cythemia.

oligohemia, oligohaemia (ol-ig-o-he' -me-ah) . See
oligemia.

oligohydramnios (ol-ig-o-hi-dram'-ne-os) [oligo-;
hydramnios], A deficiency in the quantity of the
amniotic fluid.

oligohydria (ol-ig-o-hi'-dre-ah) . Same as olighydria.

oligomania (ol-ig-o-ma' -ne-ah) [oligo-; p.avla, mad-
ness]. Insanity in which only a few of the mental
faculties are deranged.

oligomelus (ol-ig-o-me'-lus). Excessive congenital
thinness of the limbs, or a deficiency in their num-
ber.

oligomenorrhea oligomenorrhoea (ol-ig-o-men-or-e'-
ah) [oligo-; p.i)v, month; pola, flow]. Insufficiency
of the menstrual flow.

oligomorphic (ol-ig-o-mor'-fik) [oligo-; p.op4>v, form].
Applied to organisms which have but few stages of
development.

oligonitrophilous (ol-ig-o-ni-trof'-il-us) [oligo- ; nitro-
gen; <t».\elv, to love]. Organisms occurring freely
in nature, which develop in nutrient media containing
combined nitrogen. They have the ability of assimi-
lating and utilizing atmospheric nitrogen.

oligopepsia (ol-ig-o-pep' -se-ah) [oligo-; izepvs, di-
gestion]. Feebleness of digestion.

oligophosphaturia (ol-ig-o-fos-fat-u'-re-ah). A de-
crease in the amount of phosphates in the urine.

oligophrenia (ol-ig-o-fre' -ne-ah) [oligo-; <ppr)v, mind].
Imbecility.

OLIGOPLASMIA

625

OMNOPON

oligoplasmia (pl-ig-o-plaz' -me-ah) [oligo-; plasma].
A deficient amount of plasma in the blood.

oligopnoea (ol-ig-op-ne'-ah) [oligo-; irvo-q, breath].
Respiration diminished in depth or frequency.

oligoposia, oligoposy (ol-ig-o-po'-ze-ah, ol-ig-op'-
o-se) [oligo-; irwns, drink]. Defective desire for
drinking.

oligopsychia (ol-ig-op-si'-ke-ah) [oligo-; \j/vxv, mind].
Fatuity; imbecility.

oligosialia (ol-ig-o-si-a' -le-ah) [oligo-; <na\oi>, saliva].
Deficiency of saliva.

oligospermatic (ol-ig-o-sper-mat'-ik) [oligo-; o-irkpp.a,
seed]. Pertaining to oligospermia.

oligospermatism (ol-ig-o-sperm'-al-izm) . See oligo-
spermia.

oligospermia (ol-ig-o-sper'-me-ah) [oligo-; airkpfia,
seed]. A deficiency in the secretion of semen.

oligospennism (ol-ig-o-sperm'-izm). See oligo-
spermia.

oligosteatosis (ol-ig-o-ste-at-o'-sis) [oligo-; arkap,
tallow]. Deficiency of the sebaceous secretion.

oligotrichia (ol-ig-o-trik'-e-ah) [oligo-; OpL£, hair].
Scantiness or thinness of hair.

oligotrophy (ol-ig-ot'-ro-fe) [oligo-; rpo^ij, nourish-
ment]. Defective or imperfect nutrition.

oligozoospermatism (ol-ig-o-zo-o-sper' '-mat-izm) .
See oligozoospermia.

oligozoospermia (ol-ig-o-zo-o-sper' -me-ah) [oligo- ;
$$ov, animal; airkpua, seed]. Deficiency of the
spermatozoa in the spermatic fluid.

oliguresia (ol-ig-u-re'-se-ah). See oliguria.

oliguresis (ol-ig-u-re'-sis). See oliguria.

oliguria (ol-ig-u'-re-ah) [oligo-; ovpov, urine]. A
diminution in the quantity of urine excreted.

oligydria (ol-ig-id'-re-ah). See olighydria.

olintal (o'-lin-tal). A liquid soap containing
myrrh, camphor, and menthol; used as a gargle or
nasal douche in diphtheria.

oliophen (o-li'-o-fen). Salol and linseed oil in
olive oil.

oliva (o-li'-vah) [L.]. The olivary body.

olivary (ol'-iv-a-re) [olive], i. Resembling an
olive in shape. 2. The olivary body. o. body, an
oval mass of gray matter situated behind the anterior
pyramid of the medulla, o. fasciculus. See fillet,
olivary, o. nucleus. See nucleus, olivary, o. pe-
duncle, the mass of fibers entering the hilum of the
olivary body. o. process. See process, olivary.

olive (ol'-iv) [L., oliva]. 1. The oil-tree, Olea
europcea, of the natural order Oleacece. The value
of the olive lies chiefly in its fruit, from which a fixed
oil is expressed — oleum olives (U. S. P., B. P.). Olive-
oil consists chiefly of olein and palmitin, and is used
as a nutritive food; in medicine as a laxative; in
the treatment of gall-stones; as an anthelmintic;
as an emollient external application to wounds, burns,
etc.; and as an ingredient of liniments, ointments,
and plasters. 2. The olivary body. 0., accessory.
1. A nucleus composed of two small masses of gray
matter — an outer (the external accessory olivary body
of Mueller) and an inner (the internal accessory olivary
body of Mueller), within the olive, situated above
and to the inner side of the dentatum. Syn., acces-
sory olivary nucleus; nucleus juxtaolivar is. 2. A gray
plate dorsad of the olive. 3. A similar but smaller
gray plate dorsad of the pyramid, o.-oil. See
under olive (1).

Oliver's symptom (ol'-iv-er) [Thomas Oliver,
English physician, 1853- ]. Pulsation of the
larynx, elicited by grasping the larynx between the
thumb and index-finger and pressing upward, the
patient being in the erect position; it is noted in
aneurysm of the aortic arch and in mediastinal tumors
that bring the arch of the aorta in contact with the
left bronchus. O.'s test for albumin, float the urine
on a mixture of equal parts of sodium tungstate solu-
tion (10 : 4) and a saturated solution of citric acid
(10:6). If albumin is present, a white ring is formed
at the junction of the two liquids.

Oliver-Cardarelli's symptom. See Oliver's symp-
tom.

olivifugal (ol-iv-if'-u-gal) [olive; fugere, to flee].
In a direction away from the olivary body.

olivipetal (ol-iv-ip'-et-al) [olive; peter e, to seek].
Toward the olivary body.

Ollier's law (ol-e-a') [Louis Xavier Edouard
Leopold Oilier, French surgeon, 1830-1900]. When
two bones are parallel and joined at their extremities
by ligaments, arrest of growth in one of them entails
developmental disturbances in the other. O.'s

layer, the inner or osteogenetic layer of the peri-
osteum.

olophonia (ol-o-fo'-ne-ah) [6Xo6s, destroyed, lost;
<puvri, voice]. Abnormal speech from malformation
of vocal organs.

O. L. P. Abbreviation for occipito Icevo posterior,
or the left occipitoposterior position of the head of
the fetus in labor.

Olshausen's operation (ols'-how-zen) [Robert Mi-
chaelis Olshausen, German gynecologist, 1835- ].
For vaginal fixation: it consists in suturing the round
ligaments and a portion of the broad ligaments
instead of the uterine fundus.

-oma (-o'-mah). Abbreviation of oyKWfia, a swell-
ing. A termination signifying a neoplasm or tumor.

omacephalus (o-mas-ef'-al-us) [w/tos, shoulder;
Ke<j>a\ri, head]. A variety of omphalositic monsters
of the species paracephalus, in which there are present
the characteristics of paracephalus except that there
is more imperfect development, with absence of the
upper extremities.

omagra (om-a'-grah) [w/ios, shoulder; aypa, seizure].
Gout in the shoulder.

omal (o'-mal). Trichlorphenol, a compound of
chlorine and phenol, used by inhalation in bronchial
diseases.

omalgia (o-mal'-je-ah) [wp.os, shoulder; aKyos, pain].
Same as omodynia.

omarthralgia (o-mar-thral'-je-ah) [wpos, shoulder;
apdpov, joint; C1X70S, pain]. Pain in the shoulder-
joint.

omarthritis (o-mar-thri'-tis) [5>p.os, shoulder; ar-
thritis]. Inflammation of the shoulder-joint.

omarthrocace (o-mar-throk'-as-e) [oifxos, shoulder;
apdpov, joint; naicos, evil]. Disease of the shoulder-
joint.

omasal (o-ma'-sal) [omasum, a paunch]. Pertain-
ing to the omasum.

omasum (o-ma'-sum) [omasum, a paunch: pi.,
omasa]. The third stomach of a ruminant; it is also
called the psalterium, and manyplies.

omega melancholium (o-meg'-ah mel-an-koV-i-um).
An omega-shaped (w) wrinkle between the eyebrows,
said to be a sign of melancholy.

omeire (o-mi'-ra) [African]. A vinous and acetous
fermented milk used in parts of Africa.

omental (o-men'-tal) [omentum]. Pertaining to the
omentum, o. hernia. See epiplocele.

omentectomy (o-men-tek'-to-me) [omentum; iKTop.ii,
excision]. Excision of a portion of the omentum.

omentitis (o-men-ti'-tis) [omentum; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the omentum.

omentocele (o-men'-to-sel) [omentum; ktjXti, hernia].
Omental hernia.

omentopexy (o-men'-to-peks-e) [omentum; irrj£is,
fixation]. Same as epiplopexy; also, Talma's opera-
tion, q. v.

omentosplenopexy (o-men-to-splen' -o-peks-e) . O-
mentopexy followed by splenopexy to develop com-
plementary circulation in certain hepaticosplenic
lesions.

omentulum (o-men' -tu-lum) [dim. of omentum,
omentum]. The smaller omentum.

omentum (o-men'-tum) [L., "adipose membrane"].
A fold of the peritoneum connecting the abdominal
viscera with the stomach, o., gastrocolic, a fold of
peritoneum attached to the greater curvature of the
stomach above and, after dipping down over the
intestine, returning to inclose the transverse colon.
Between the ascending and descending folds is the
cavity of the great omentum. Syn., great omentum.
o., gastrohepatic, a double fold of peritoneum passing
from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the trans-
verse fissure of the liver. On the left side it includes
the esophagus; on the right its edges are free and
inclose all the structures issuing from or entering
the transverse fissure of the liver; the hepatic vessels
and nerves and the bile-duct. Behind it is the
foramen of Winslow. Syn., lesser omentum, o.,
gastrosplenic, the fold of peritoneum passing from
the stomach to the spleen, o. majus. See o.,
gastrocolic, o. minus. See 0., gastrohepatic. o.,
pancreaticosplenic, a fold of peritoneum uniting the
tail of the pancreas with the lower part of the inner
surface of the spleen.

omitis (o-mi'-tis) [&p.os, shoulder; vris, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the shoulder.

omnivorous (om-niv'-o-rus) [omnis, all; vorare, to
devour]. Subsisting on all kinds of food.

omnopon (om'-no-pon). Same as pantopon, q. v.

OMO-

626

ONOMATOMANIA

omo- (o-mo-) [ufios, shoulder]. A prefix denoting
connection with or relation to the scapula or shoulder.

omocace (o-mok'-as-e) [onto-; /ca/c6s, evil]. Disease
of the shoulder.

omoclavicular (o-mo-kla-vik'-u-lar) [omo-; clavicula,
clavicle]. Pertaining to the shoulder and the
clavicle.

omocotyle {p-mo-kof -il-e) [onto-; KorvXr), cup].
The glenoid cavity; also, the shoulder-joint.

omodynia (o-mo-din'-e-ah) [omo-; bbvv-q, pain].
Pain in the shoulder.

omohyoid {o-mo-hi'-oid) [omo- ; hyoid]. _ Pertaining
conjointly to the scapula and the hyoid bone. o.
muscle. See under muscle.

omophagia (o-mo-fa'-je-ah) [o}p.6s, raw; <payeiv, to
eat]. The practice of eating raw food.

omoplate {o' -mo-plat) [omo-; irXarri, a plate]. See
scapula.

omositia (o-mo-sit'-e-ah) [up.6s, raw; aireecv, to
feed]. The eating of raw flesh.

omosternal (o-mo-ster'-nal) [omo-; sternum]. Per-
taining to the shoulder and the sternum.

omosternum (o-mo-sler'-num) [omo-; sternum:
pi., omosterna]. In biology, a superior median ossi-
fication in the pectoral arch of a batrachian; the
homologue of the interclavicle. The interarticular
cartilage of the sternoclavicular joint.

omphalectomy (om-fal-ek'-to-me) [omphalos-; i/crow,
excision]. Excision of the navel.

omphalelcosis (om-fal-el-ko'-sis) [omphalos; eX/cwo-is,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the navel.

omphalexoche {om-fal-eks'-o-ke) [omphalos; Qoxv,
prominence]. Synonym of exomphalos.

omphalic (om-fal'-ik) [omphalos]. Pertaining to
the umbilicus, o. duct, the vitelline duct: the duct
connecting the umbilical vesicle with the fetal in-
testine during the first three months of intrauterine
life.

omphalitis (om-fal-i'-tis) [omphalos ; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the navel.

omphalo- (om-fal-o-) [omphalos]. A prefix de-
noting relation to the navel.

omphalocele (om-fal'-o-sel) [omphalo-; /07X17, hernia].
Umbilical hernia.

omphalocraniodidymus (om-fal-o-kra-ne-o-did'-

im-us) [omphalos; upavlov, skull; diSvp.os, twin]. A
form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is
attached to the cranium of the autosite.

omphalodes (pm-fal-o'-dez) [omphalos; elSos, like].
Resembling the navel.

omphaloenteric (om'-fal-o-en-ter'-ik) [omphalos;
ivTtpov, intestine]. Pertaining to the navel and the
intestine.

omphaloid (om'-fal-oid) [omphalos; el5os, form].
Resembling the navel.

omphalolysis (om-fal-oV -is-is) [omphalos; Xuo-is,
loosening]. The dividing of the umbilical cord.

omphalomesaraic, omphalomesenteric (om-fal-o-
mez-ar-a'-ik, om-fal-o-mez-en-ter'-ik) [omphalo-; mes-
entery]. Pertaining conjointly to the umbilicus and
the' mesentery, o. arteries. See under artery.
o. duct, a duct connecting the intestinal canal of the
embryo with the umbilical vesicle.

omphalomonodidymi (om'-fal-o-mon-o-did'-im-i)
[omphalos; /i6w, one; Sidvpos, twin]. A form of
twin monstrosity in which the fetuses are joined at
the umbilicus.

omphaloncus (om-fal-ong'-kus) [omphalo-; 67x0$,
tumor]. A tumor or swelling at the navel.

omphalopagus (om-fal-op'-ag-us) [omphalo-; 7077-
vwai, to make fast]. A double monster united at the
umbilicus.

omphalophlebitis (om-fal-o-fleb-i'-tis) [omphalo- ;
phlebitis]. Inflammation of the umbilical vein.

omphalophyma (om-fal-o-fi'-mah). Synonym of
omphaloncus.

omphaloproptosis (om-fal-o-prop-to'-sis) [omphalos ;
irpoiTTwais, a falling forward]. Abnormal protrusion
of the navel.

omphalorrhagia (om-fal-or-a'-je-ah) [omphalo-; fay-
vwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the um-
bilicus.

omphalorrhea, omphalorrhcea (om-fal-or-e'-ah)
[omphalo-; pola, a flow]. An effusion of lymph at
the navel.

omphalorrhexis {om-fal-or-eks'-is) [omphalos; pvte,
rupture]. Rupture of the navel, or of the navel-
string.

omphalos (om'-fal-os) [6p<f>a\bs, the navel]. The
umbilicus.

omphalosite (om-fal'-o-slt) [omphalo-; o-Itos, nour-
ishment]. A single monster, which, lacking the heart,
receives its blood-supply through the umbilical
vessels, and is, therefore, incapable of extrauterine
existence.

omphalosoter (om-fal-o-so'-ter) [omphalos; o-wttip,
preserver]. An instrument for replacing a prolapsed
funis.

omphalotaxis (om-fa-o-taks'-is) [omphalos; raaaeiv,
to arrange]. Reposition of the prolapsed funis.

omphalotome (om-fal'-o-tom) [omphalos; tom, a
cutting]. An instrument for dividing the umbilical
cord.

omphalotomy (om-fal-ot'-o-me) [omphalo-; ropA\, a
cutting]. The cutting of the umbilical cord.

omphalotripsy (om-fal-o-trip'-se) [omphalo-; rpiPeiv,
to rub]. Separation of the umbilical cord by a
crushing instrument.

omphalus {om'-fal-us) [6p<pa\6s, navel]. See om-
phalos.

onanism (o'-nan-izm) [Onan, the son of Judah].
1. Incomplete coitus. 2. Masturbation.

onanist (o'-nan-ist). One who practises onanism.

Onchocerca (ong-ko-ser'-kah) . A genus of filaria.

onchocerciasis (ong-ko-ser-si'-as-is) . The condition
resulting from infection with Onchocerca.

oncograph (ong'-ko-graf) [67/cos, a mass; ypa<petv,
to record]. An instrument registering the changes
of volume of an organ placed in an oncometer.

oncography (ong-kog'-raf-e) [07/cos, a swelling;
ypcupeiv, to write]. The recording of the measure-
ment of tumors by an oncometer.

oncology (ong-kol'-o-je) [5yicos, a mass; X670S,
science]. The branch of surgery and pathology re-
lating to tumors.

oncoma (ong-ko'-mah) [07/cco/ia, a swelling], A
tumor, swelling.

oncometer (ong-kom'-et-er) [67/cos, a mass; ixkrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for measuring variations
in the volume of an organ, especially Of the kidney
or spleen.

oncometry (ong-kom'-et-re). The measurement of
the size of a viscus.

oncosis (ong-ko'-sis) [07/cos, a mass]. The diseased
state marked by the growth of tumors.

oncosphere, oncosphaera (ong'-ko-sfer, ong-ko-sfe'-
rah) [67/cos, tumor; o-<palpa, sphere]. The embryo of
tapeworms.

oncothlipsis (ong-ko-thlip'-sis) [07/cos, tumor; 0\lxj/is,
pressure]. Pressure caused by a tumor.

oncotomy (ong-kot'-o-me) [07/cos, a mass; ropA\, a
cutting]. The operation of incising a tumor or other
swelling.

oneiric, oniric (o-ni'-rik) [oveipos, a dream]. Re-
lating to dreams; attended by visions.

oneirism (o-ni'-rizm) [see oneiric]. A condition of
cerebral automatism analogous to the dream state,
as a dream prolonged to the waking period.

oneirodynia (o-ni-ro-din'-e-ah) [oveipos, a dream;
bSvv-n, pain]. Disquietude of the mind during sleep;
painful dreaming; nightmare, o. activa, somnam-
bulism.

oneirogmus (on-i-rog'-mus) [oveipwypos, an effusion
during sleep]. Emission of semen during sleep.

oneirology (on-i-rol'-o-je) [oveioos, dream; X670S,
science]. The science or scientific view of dreams.

oneironosus (on-i-ron'-o-sus) [oveipos, dream; j>6o-os,
disease]. Disorder manifesting itself in dreams;
morbid dreaming.

oniomania (o-ne-o-ma'-ne-ah) [wi'ios, to be bought;
p.avla, madness]. A mania for buying everything.

onion (un'-yun) [L., unio, an onion]. The Allium
cepa and its bulb. The latter contains a volatile oil
resembling oil of garlic, and consisting principally of
C6H12S. The onion is diuretic, expectorant, and
rubefacient, and is at times used in dropsy, bron-
chitis, etc.; locally it has been applied as an emollient
poultice, o. bodies, epithelial pearls; see under pearl.

onkinocele (ong-kin'-o-sel) [67/cos, a mass; is, a
fiber; /ci^Xjj, tumor]. Inflammation of the tendon-
sheaths attended by swelling.

onobaio {on-o-ba'-yo) [Nat. Obock]. An arrow-
poison used by the natives of Obock.

onomatology (on-o-mat-ol'-o-je) [5popa, name;
X670S, science]. The science of nomenclature; the
formation of names.

onomatomania (on-o-mat-o-ma'-ne-ah) [wo/jo, name;
p.avia, mania]. Functional derangement of speech,
of which five varieties are described: 1. A powerful
effort to recall some word. 2. An irresistible im-

ONOMATOPOIESIS

627

OOPHOROMANIA

pulse continually to repeat a word, by which the
patient seems perplexed. 3. The patient attaches
some peculiar and dreadful meaning to a common-
place word. 4. The patient attaches talismanic
significance to certain words, which he repeats as a
safeguard. 5. The patient is impelled to spit out
some word, like a disgusting morsel.

onomatopoiesis (on-o-mat-o-poi-e'-sis) [bvopa, name;
iroikeiv, to make]. The extemporaneous formation
of words by the insane. Words so formed are
generally meaningless, or incorrect, but are some-
times quite the reverse.

ononid (o-no'-nid), C18H22O8. A neutral principle
contained in the root of Ononis spinosa.

ononin (o-no'-nin), C30H34O13. A glucoside isolated
rom the root of Ononis spinosa.

Ononis (o-no'-nis) [5ws, an ass]. A genus of
leguminous plants. The diuretic root of 0. spinosa,
rest-harrow, a shrub of Europe, is used in dropsy
and gout.

ontogenesis, ontogeny {on-to-jen'-es-is, on-toj'-
en-e) [&v\ ovtos, existing; yewav, to beget]. The
development of the individual organism. See also
phylogenesis.

ontogenetic {on-to-jen-et'-ik) [wv, ovtos, existing;
ykvto-is, birth]. Pertaining to ontogenesis. See also
evolution.

onychatrophia, onychatrophy (on-ik-at-ro'-fe-ah,
on-ik-at' -ro-fe) [onyx; atrophy]. Atrophy of the
nails.

onychauxis (on-ik-awks'-is) [onyx; av£eu>, increase].
Hypertrophy of the nail.

onychexallaxis (on-ik-eks-al-aks1 '-is) [6vv%, nail;
e$aXXa£«, a degeneration]. Degeneration of the
nails.

onychia (on-ik'-e-ah) [onyx]. Inflammation of
the matrix of the nail. 0. maligna, a form occurring
in debilitated persons, and characterized by an
unhealthy ulcer in the matrix of the nail, the latter
becoming discolored and thrown off. o. simplex,
onychia without much ulceration, with loss of the
nail and its replacement by a new one.

onychitis (on-ik-i'-tis). See onychia.

onycho- (on-ik-o-) [onyx]. A prefix meaning
relating to the nails.

onychoclasis (on-ik-ok' -las-is) [onycho-; *cXd<ris,
a breaking]. Breaking of the nail.

onychocryptosis (on-ik-o-krip-to'-sis) [onycho- ; Kpvir-
t6s, hidden]. Ingrowing of the nail.

onychogram (on'-ik-o-gram) [onycho-; yp6xpeu>, to
write]. The record of the variations in blood-pressure
by an onychograph.

onychograph (on-ik'-o-graf) [onycho-; ypafaiv, to
write]. An instrument for recording variations in
blood-pressure in the capillaries of the tips of the
fingers.

onychogryphosis (on-ik-o-gri-fo'-sis). See onycho-
gryposis.

onychogryposis (on-ik-o-gri-po'-sis) [onycho-; ypv-
7rwo-is, curvature]. A thickened, ridged, and curved
condition of the nail.

onychohelcosis (on-ik-o-hel-ko'-sis) [onycho-; IXkw-
o-fs, ulceration]. Ulceration of the nail.

onychoid (on'-ik-oid) [5w£, nail; elSos, like]. Re-
sembling a nail. Having a texture like that of the
nails.

onycholysis (on-ik-ol'-is-is) [onycho-; Xwr«, a
loosening]. Loosening of the nail.

onychoma {on-ik-o'-mah) [onycho-; opa, tumor].
A tumor of the nail-bed.

onychomalacia (on-ik-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [onycho-; pa\-
axia, softness]. Abnormal softness of the nails.

onychomycosis (on-ik-o-mi-ko'-sis) [onycho-; my-
cosis]. A disease of the nails due to parasitic fungi,
as the trichophyton, achorion, etc.

onychonosus (on-ik-on'-o-sus) [onycho-; vbaos,
disease]. Any disease of the finger-nails or toe-nails.

onychopathic (on-ik-o-path'-ik) [onycho-; irofios,
disease]. Pertaining to disease of the nails.

onychophagist (on-ik-off'-aj-ist) [onycho-; (payelv,
to eat]. One addicted to biting the finger-nails.

onychophagy (on-ik-of'-aj-e) [onycho-; <payelv, to
eat]. The practice of biting the nails.

onychophosis (on-ik-o-fo' -sis) [onycho-; ixprj, a
web]. A disease of the toe-nails, consisting in an
accumulation of thickened horny layers of epidermis
under the nail, raising it from its bed and sometimes
altering its growth.

onychophyma (on-ik-o-fi'-mah) [onycho-; <pvpa, a
growth]. Morbid degeneration of the nails.

onychoptosis (on-ik-op-to'-sis) [onycho-; ittwo-is,
a falling]. The falling off of the nails.

onychorrhexis (on-ik-or-eks'-is) [onycho-; pi)£is,
rupture]. The splitting of the nails.

onychorrhiza (on-ik-or-i'-zah) [onycho-; pifa, a
root]. The root of the nail.

onychosarcoma (on-ik-o-sar-ko'-mah) [onycho-; ob.p%,
flesh; bpa, tumor]. A fleshy outgrowth from a nail.

onychosis (on-ik-o'-sis) [onyx]. Any disease of
the nails.

onychostroma (on-ik-os-tro'-mah) [onycho-; o-rp-bpa,
mattress]. The matrix, or sensitive tissue of the
finger, forming the bed of the nail.

onychyphosis (on-ik-if-o'-sis). See onychophosis.

onym (on'-im) [bvopa, a name]. The technical
name of an organ or of a species or other group.

onyx (on'-iks) [6w£, nail]. 1. A nail of the fingers
or toes. 2. A collection of pus between the corneal
lamellae at the most dependent part.

onyxis (on-iks'-is) [5w£, nail]. An abnormal
incurvation or ingrowing of the nails.

onyxitis (on-iks-i'-tis). Onychia.

ooblast (o'-o-blast) [ubv, egg; /3X<x<rr6s, a germ].
A cell of the germinal epithelium giving rise to an
ovum.

oocyesis (o-o-si-e'-sis) [wbv, egg; kutjo-is, pregnancy].
Ovarian pregnancy; oariocyesis.

oocyst {o'-o-sist) [ubv, egg; kvo-tls, bladder]. 1. The
encysted fertilized cell in sporozoa. 2. The envelope
which surrounds the cell.

oocytase (o-o-si-tas') . A cytase which acts on the
cells of the ovary.

oocyte (o'-o-slt) [wbv, egg; kvtos, a cell]. The
ovarian egg-cell before the formation of the polar
bodies. Syn., ovocyte,

oodeocele (o-od'-e-o-sel) [u>6v, egg; elSos, like; kij\ti,
hernia]. Obturator hernia.

oodocresol (o-od-o-kre'-sol). See traumatol.

oogamous (o-og'-am-us) [uibv, an egg; yapos, mar-
riage]. In biology, exhibiting or reproduced by the
conjugation of dissimilar gametes.

oogamy (o-og'-am-e) [u>6v, an egg; yapos, marriage].
In biology, the conjugation of two dissimilar gametes,
as distinguished from isogamy.

oogenesis (o-o-jen'-es-is) [ubv, egg; ykveo-is, birth].
The process of the development of the ovum. •

oogenetic (o-o-jen-et'-ik) [wbv, egg; yewav, to beget].
Relating to oogenesis.

oogonium (o-o-go'-ne-um) [aibv, an egg; yovrj, gen-
eration: pi., oogonia]. 1. In biology, the female
sexual organ in the Oosporece before fertilization.
2. The primordial mother-cell which gives rise to
the ovarian egg and its follicle. 3. The descendants
of the primordial germ-cell from which ultimately
arise the oocytes (Boveri); also written ovogonium.

ookinesis (o-o-kin-e'-sis) [u>6v, egg; kIvtjo-is, move-
ment]. The changes occurring in the egg during
maturation, fertilization and segmentation.

ookinete (o'-o-kin-et) [ubv, egg; kivtio-ls, movement].
The vermiform, motile, body into which the zygote
develops. See oocyst.

oolemma (o-o-lem'-ah) [oiou, an egg; \eppa, peel,
skin]. In biology, the vitelline membrane of an egg.

oophoralgia (o-of-or-al'-je-ah) [oophoron; aXyos,
pain]. Pain in the ovaries.

oophorauxe (o-off-or-awks'-e) [ccbv, egg; <pipeiv, to
bear; av^rj, growth]. Hypertrophy of the ovary.

oophorectomy (o-o-for-ek'-to-me) [oophoron; enropij,
excision]. Excision of the ovary.

oophorin (o-off'-or-in). Trade name of an
organotherapeutic preparation made from the ovaries
of cows and hogs.

oophoritis (o-of-or-i'-tis) [oophoron; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the ovary.

oophoro- (o-of-or-o-) [oophoron]. A prefix meaning
relating to the ovary.

oophorocystosis (o-of-or-o-sist-o'-sis) [oophoro-; kvo~-
tis, a cyst]. The formation of ovarian cysts.

oophoroepilepsy (o'-off-or-o-ep'-il-ep-se). Epilepti-
form disease due to an ovarian lesion.

oophorohysterectomy (o-of-or-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me)
[oophoro-; hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus and
ovaries.

oophoroma (o-off-or-o'-mah) [oophoro-; opa, a
tumor: pi., oophoromata]. A dermoid cyst of the
ovary, characterized by metastasis.

oophoromalacia (o-off-or-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [oophoro-;
pahaKia, softness]. Softening of the ovary.

oophoromania (o-of-or-o-ma'-ne-ah) [oophoro- ; pavla,
madness]. Insanity due to ovarian disorder.

OOPHOROMYELOMA

628

OPHTHALMIA

oophoromyeloma (o-off-or-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [oophoro- ;
fjivekos, marrow; 6p.a, tumor]. An ovarian, encepha-
loma.

oophoron (o-off'-o-ron) [u>6v, egg; <j>kpeiv, to bear].
The ovary.

oophoropathia (o-off-or-o-pa'-the-ah) [oophoro- ;
irados, disease]. Any disease of the ovary.

oophorosalpingectomy (o-off-or-o-sal-pin-jek '-to-me)
[oophoro-; salpingectomy]. Excision of an ovary and
oviduct.

oophorosalpingitis (o-off-or-o-sal-pin-ji'-tis) [ooph-
oro-; salpingitis], Inflamation of an ovary and
Fallopian tube.

oophorosalpingotomy (o-ofi-or-o-sal-pin-got'-o-me)
[oophoro-; salpingotomy]. Surgical removal of the
ovary and oviduct.

oophorostomy (o-o-for-os'-to-me) [oophoro-; <jrbp.a,
mouth]. The establishment of an opening into an
ovarian cyst for drainage.

oophorrhaphy {o-of-or'-a-fe) [oophoro-; pa<jyq, su-
ture]. The operation of suturing an ovary to the
pelvic wall.

oophyte (o'-o-fit) [yov, an egg; <j>vr6v, a plant].
Same as oophore.

ooplasma (o-o-plaz'-mah) [cow, egg; irXaaaeiv, to
mold]. The vitellus.

ooplasty {o'-o-plas-te) [uov, egg; irXaaaetv, to
form]. The process of fecundation.

ooscope (o'-o-skop) [ww, egg; ano-relv, to view].
An apparatus for observing the developmental
changes in a fertilized egg.

oosperm (o'-o-sperm) [uov, egg; airkpp.a, seed].
The cell formed by union of the ovum and the
spermatozoon.

oosphere (o'-o-sfer) [u>6i>, an egg; afalpa, a sphere].
In biology, the unfertilized germ-cell in the oogonium;
the female reproductive cell.

Oospora (o-os'-po-rah) [ubv, egg; airbpos, seed].
A genus of fungi. O. bovis, a name proposed for
the fungus of actinomycosis. O. guiguardi, a fungus
that causes the deposition of carbonate of lime in
the connective tissue of the walls of cystic tumors
and skeletal nodosities.

oospore (o'-o-spor) [a>bv, an egg; airbpos, seed].
In biology, a fertilized and matured oosphere.

ootheca (o-o-the'-kah) [u>bv, an egg; 017*77, a case:
pi., ootheca]. An ovary.

oothectomy (o-o-thek'-to-me) [aibv, egg; 017*07, a case;
«kto/ut7, excision]. The surgical removal of an ovary.

opa (o'-pah). Trade name of a liquid dentifrice
containing salol, eugenol, pinol and other sub-
stances.

opacification (o-pas-if-i-ka'-shun) [opacity], 1. The
process of becoming opaque. 2. The formation of
an opacity.

opacity (o-pas'-it-e) [opacus, dull]. 1. The con-
dition of being impervious to light. 2. An opaque
spot, as opacity of the cornea or lens.

opaline (o'-pal-en) [biraWLos, an opal]. Having
the appearance of an opal. o. patch, the mucous
patch of syphilis, forming, in the mouth, a whitish
pellicle.

opalisin {o-paV -is-in) . A protein found in con-
siderable quantity in human milk, less in mares'
milk, and in very small quantity in cows' milk.

opaque (o-pak') [opacus, shaded]. Dark, obscure,
not transparent, impervious to light.

opeidoscope (o-pi'-do-skop) [b\p, a voice; eZSos,
likeness; ukckHv, to view]. An instrument for study-
ing the vibrations of the voice.

open [AS.]. Exposed to the air, as an open wound ;
interrupted, as an open circuit, one that is interrupted
so that the electric current cannot pass.

opeocele (o'-pe-o-sel) [671-17, an opening; /07X77, a
tumor]. Synonym of hernia.

operable (op'-er-ab-l) [operari, to labor]. Admitting
of an operation.

operant {pp'-e-rant) [see operation]. 1. Effective;
active. 2. An operator.

operation (op-er-a'-shun) [operatio, from operari,
to labor; to do]. 1. Anything done or performed,
especially anything done with instruments; a surgical
procedure. 2. The mode of action of anything.
Operations named after persons are entered under
the proper names, o., capital, one involving a risk
of life, o., equilibrating, tenotomy on the direct
antagonist of a paralyzed ocular muscle, o., high.
1. Suprapubic lithotomy. 2. The application of
the forceps to the fetal head at the superior strait.
0., Indian, for rhinoplasty: a flap is taken from the

forehead, with its pedicle at the root of the nose;
hollow plugs are inserted into the nostrils, and the
flap is secured, o., Italian, for rhinoplasty: the
skin is taken from the arm over the biceps; the flap
is cut on three sides, and after the skin has shrunk,
it is fitted to the fresh margins of the defect, the arm
being bandaged in position for at least eight days.
o., major, an important and serious operation.
o., minor, a comparatively trivial operation, o.,
radical, one removing the cause of the disease or the
diseased part itself, o., surgical, one performed by
the surgeon by means of the hands or instruments.
o., Tagliacotian, o., Tagliacozzi's. See o., Italian.

operative (op'-er-a-tiv). 1. Able to act; effective.
2. Pertaining to operations.

operator (op'-er-a-tor) [operari, to labor]. A
surgeon.

opercle (o-per'-kl) [operculum, a lid]. See opercu-
lum.

opercular (p-per'-ku-lar) [operculum]. Pertaining
to an operculum. Designed for closing a cavity.
Having an operculum.

operculate (o-per'-ku-laf) [operculum]. Possessing
an operculum.

operculum (o-per'-ku-lum) [L.: pi., opercula]. 1. A
lid or cover, as operculum ilei, the ileocecal valve.
2. The convolutions covering the island of Reil.

oph. An abbreviation sometimes employed for
ophthalmia, ophthalmoscope, and ophthalmoscopy.

ophelic acid (o-fel'-ik), C13H20O10. An amorphous
sticky substance found in Chiretta. It is soluble in
water, in ether, and in alcohol.

ophiasis (pff-i'-as-is) [5<j>is, a serpent]. Alopecia
areata in which the baldness progresses in a
serpentine form.

ophiosis (off-e-o'-sis) [6<j>is, serpent]. Circum-
scribed baldness with scaliness.

ophioxylin (off-e-oks'-il-in) [&£(.$, a serpent; £v\oi>,
wood], C16H13O6. A yellow crystalline body obtained
from Ophioxylon serpentinum, a purgative and an-
thelmintic; its solutions stain first yellow, then brown.

ophryitis {off-re-i'-tis) [6c6pus, brow; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the eyebrow.

ophryoalveoloauricular (of-re-o-al-ve-o-lo-aw-rik'-u-
lar). Applied to an angle formed by the ophryon,
alveolar point, and auricular point.

ophryocystis (off-re-o-sis'-tis) [6<j>p{>s, eyebrow;
mens, bladder]. A parasitic sporozoon.

ophryoiniac (off-re-o-in'-e-ak) [6</>pi>s, eyebrow;
iviov, occiput]. Pertaining to the ophryon and the
inion.

ophryon {of'-re-on) [b<ppvs, eyebrow]. In crani-
ometry, the middle of a line drawn across the fore-
head at the level of the upper margin of the orbits.

ophryosis (of-re-o'-sis) [b<f>pvs, eyebrow]. Spasm
of the eyebrow.

ophryphtheiriasis (off-rif-thi-ri' -as-is) [6c6pus, eye-
brow; 4>6eipLa<ris, pediculosis]. Pediculosis of the eye-
brows and eyelashes.

ophrys {off '-r is) [6c5pus, eyebrow]. The eyebrow.

ophrytic (off-rit'-ik) [fxppbs, eyebrow]. Pertaining
to the eyebrow.

ophthalmagra (off-thal-ma'-grah) [ophthalmus; ay pa,
a seizure]. Gouty or rheumatic pain in the eye.

ophthalmalgia (off-thal-mal'-je-ah) [ophthalmus;
aXyos, pain]. Neuralgia of the eye.

ophthalmatrophy (of -thai-mat' -ro-fe) [ophthalmus;
atrophy]. Atrophy of the eyeball.

ophthalmecchymosis (off-thal-mek-im-o'-sis) [oph-
thalmus; ecchymosis]. A conjunctival effusion of
blood.

ophthalmectomy (of-thal-mek'-to-me) [ophthalmus;
iKTonn, excision]. Excision of the eye.

ophthalmemicrania (of-thal-mem-ik-ra'-ne-ah) .

See amaurosis, epileptiform.

ophthalmia (of-thal'-me-ah) [ophthalmus]. Inflam-
mation of the eye, especially one in which the con-
junctiva is involved, o., catarrhal, simple con-
junctivitis; a hyperemia of the conjunctiva with a
mucopurulent secretion, o., caterpillar-, inflamma-
tion of the conjunctiva or of the cornea, the result
of penetration of the tissues by the hairs of cater-
pillars. Syn., ophthalmia nodosa, o., Egyptian.
See trachoma, o., electric, conjunctivitis due to
intense electric light, o., gonorrheal, an acute and
severe form of purulent conjunctivitis, caused by
infection from urethral discharges containing the
gonococcus of Neisser. o., granular. See trachoma.
o., jequirity, that due to poisoning by jequirity.
o. neonatorum, a gonorrheal or purulent ophthalmia

OPHTHALMIATER

629

OPHTHALMOS

of the newborn, the eyes having been infected by
the mother's vaginal discharges, o., neuroparalytic,
disease of the eye from lesion of the Gasserian ganglion
or of branches of the fifth nerve supplying the eyeball.
o. nodosa. See o., caterpillar-, o., phylctenular,
conjunctivitis characterized by phlyctenules or small
vesicles situated in the epithelial layer of the con-
junctiva or cornea, o., purulent, conjunctivitis
with a purulent discharge, o., spring, a form
common in the spring, o., sympathetic, a severe
destructive inflammation, a form of iridocyclitis
secondary to injury or disease of the fellow eye.
o., varicose, that associated with a varicose state of
the veins of the conjunctiva.

ophthalmiater (off-thal-me-a'-ter) [ophthalmus; lar-
pos, a physician]. An oculist or ophthalmologist.

ophthalmiatric (off-thal-me-at'-rik) [ophthalmus;
larpeia, treatment]. Pertaining to the treatment of
eye-diseases.

ophthalmiatrics (off-thal-me-at'-riks). The treat-
ment of eye-diseases.

ophthalmic (off -thai' -mik) . Pertaining to the eye.
o. artery. See under artery, o. ganglion. See
ganglion, ophthalmic, o. nerve. See under nerve.

ophthalmitic (off-thal-mit'-ik) [ophthalmus; ins,
inflammation]. Pertaining to ophthalmitis.

ophthalmitis (off-thal-mi'-tis) [ophthalmus; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the eye. o., sym-
pathetic, that following inflammation or injury of
the fellow-eye.

ophthalmo- (off-thal-mo-) [6<f>0a\p6s, eye]. A prefix
denoting relation to the eye.

ophthalmoblennorrhea, ophthalmoblennorrhoea,
(off-thal-mo-blen-or-e'-ah) [ophthalmo-; blennorrhea].
Blennorrhea of the conjunctiva.

ophthalmocace (off-thal-mok'-as-e) [ophthalmo-;
kokos, evil]. Disease of the eye.

ophthalmocarcinoma (off-thai' -mo-kar-sin-o'-mah)
[ophthalmo-; carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the eye.

ophthalmocele (off-thai' -mo-sel) . See exophthalmos.

ophthalmocentesis (off-thai' -mo-sen-te' -sis) [oph-
thalmo-; KevTT)<rt.s, puncture]. Surgical puncture of
the eye.

ophthalmocopia (off-thal-mo-ko'-pe-ah) [ophthalmo-;
novo*, fatigue]. Fatigue of visual power; asthen-
opia.

ophthalmodesmitis (off-thal'-mo-dez-mi'-tis). Syn-
onym of conjunctivitis.

ophthalmodiagnosis (off-thal-mo-di-ag-no'-sis). Di-
agnosis by means of the ophthalmoreaction.

ophthalmodiaphanoscope (off-thal-mo-di-af-an'-o-
skop) [ophthalmo-; diaphanoscope]. An instrument
for examining the fundus of the eye by transillumina-
tion through the mouth.

ophthalmodiastimeter (off -thal-mo-di-as-tim' -et-er)
[ophthalmo-; Sictarrjpa, interval; pkrpov, measure].
An instrument for use in discovering the proper
adjustment of lenses to the axes of the eyes.

ophthalmodonesis (off-thal-mo-don-e'-sis) [ophthal-
mo-; Sowiau, a trembling]. A voluntary tremulous
or oscillatory movement of the eye.

ophthalmodynamometer (off-thal-mo-di-nam-om'-
et-er) [ophthalmo-; Swapis, power; pkrpov, measure].
An instrument for measuring the power of con-
vergence of the eyes.

ophthalmodynia (off-thal-mo-din'-e-ah) [ophthalmo- ;
ddvvr), pain]. Neuralgic pain in the eye.

ophthalmography (off-thal-mog'-ra-fe) [ophthalmo-;
ypa<j>eii>, to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the eye.

ophthalmokopia (off-thal-mo-kop'-e-ah). See oph-
thalmocopia.

ophthalmoleukoscope (off-thal-mo-lu' -ko-skop)

[ophthalmo-; \evKos, white; aicoireiv, to view]. An
instrument for testing color-sense by means of
polarized light.

ophthalmolith (off -thai' -mo-lith) [ophthalmo-; \Cdos,
stone]. A calculus of the eye.

ophthalmologist (off-thal-mol' -o-jist) [see ophthal-
mology]. One versed in ophthalmology.

ophthalmology (off-thal-mol' -o-je) [ophthalmo- ;\6yos,
science]. The science of the anatomy, physiology,
and diseases of the eye.

ophthalmolyma (off-thal-mo-li'-mah) [ophthalmo- ;
Xvpy, destruction]. Destruction of the eye.

ophthalmomacrosis (off-thal-mo-mak-ro'-sis) [oph-
thalmo-; paKpbs, large]. Enlargement of the eye.

ophthalmomalacia (off-lhal-mo-mal-a'-se-ah) [oph-
thalmo-; pakada, softness]. Abnormal softness or
subnormal tension of the eye.

ophthalmomelanoma (off-thal-mo-mel-an-o'-mah)

[ophthalmo-; pk\as, black; 6pa, tumor]. A melanotic
tumor, usually sarcoma, of the eye.

ophthalmomelanosis (off-thal-mo-mel-an-o'-sis)

[ophthalmo-; peKas, black; vbaos, disease]. The
formation of an ophthalmomelanoma; also the
growth itself.

ophthalmometer (off -thai-mom' -et-er) [ophthalmo-;
pkrpov, a measure], i. An instrument for measuring
the capacity of the chambers of the eye. 2. An
instrument for measuring refractive errors, especially
astigmatism. 3. An instrument for measuring the
eye as a whole.

ophthalmometry (off -thai-mom' -et-re) [ophthalmom-
eter]. The determination of refractive errors by
means of the ophthalmometer.

ophthalmomyitis (off-thal-mo-mi-i'-tis) [ophthalmo- ;
myitis]. Inflammation of the ocular muscles.

ophthalmomyositis (off-thal-mo-mi-o-si'-tis). See
ophthalmomyitis.

ophthalmomyotomy (off-thal-mo-mi-ot'-o-me) [oph-
thalmo-; pvs, muscle; ropri, a cutting]. Division of
the muscles of the eye.

ophthalmoncus (off-thal-mong'-kus) [ophthalmo-;
67/cos, tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the eye.

ophthalmoneuritis (off-thal-mo-nu-ri'-tis) [ophthal-
mo-; veupov, nerve; ww, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the ophthalmic nerve.

ophthalmonosology (off-thal-mo-no-sol'-o-je) [oph-
thalmo-; vbaos, disease; \6yos, science]. The study
of the diseases of the eye.

ophthalmopathy (off-thai-mop' -ath-e) [ophthalmo- ;
ttoSos, disease]. Any disease of the eye. o., external,
an affection of the eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva, or
muscles of the eye. o., internal, any disease affecting
the deeper structures of the eye.

ophthalmophacometer, ophthalmophakometer (off-
thal-mo-fa-kom' -et-er) [ophthalmo-; phacometer]. An
instrument for measuring the curvature radius of
the crystalline lens.

ophthalmophantom (off-thal-mo-fan'-tom) [ophthal-
mo-; phantom]. A model or mask for practising
operations on the eye.

ophthalmophasmatoscopy (off-thal-mo-faz-mat-os'-
ko-pe) [ophthalmo-; <t>avTa^eiv, to make to happen;
aKoireZv, to view]. Ophthalmoscopic and spectro-
scopic examination of the interior of an eye.

ophthalmophlebotomy (off-thal-mo-fle-bot'-o-me)
[ophthalmo-; 4>\bp, a vein; rkpveiv, to cut]. Blood-
letting from a conjunctival vein.

ophthalmophobia (off-thal-mo-fo'-be-ah) [ophthalmo;
<f>6f}os, fear]. Morbid dislike of being stared at.

ophthalmophthisis (off-thal-mo-ti'-sis). See phthisis
bulbi.

ophthalmophyma (off-thal-mo-fi'-mah) [ophthalmo-;
<t>vpa', growth]. Swelling of the eyeball.

ophthalmoplasty (off-thal-mo-plas'-tik). Pertaining
to ophthalmoplasty.

ophthalmoplasty (off-thai' -mo- plas-te) [ophthalmo-;
■n-Xaaaeiv, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the eye or
accessory parts.

ophthalmoplegia (off-thal-mo-ple'-je-ah) [ophthalmo- ;
■wKriyn, stroke]. Paralysis of the ocular muscles.
0. externa, paralysis of the external ocular muscles.
0. interna, paralysis of the internal muscles of the
eye — those of the iris and ciliary body, o., nuclear,
a form due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of the
motor nerves of the eyeball, o., partial, a form in
which some of the muscles only are paralyzed, o.,
progressive, a form in which all the muscles of both
eyes gradually become paralyzed, o., total, that
form involving the iris and ciliary muscle as well as
the external muscles of the eyeball.

ophthalmoplegic (off-thal-mo-ple'-jik) [ophthalmo-
plegia]. Pertaining to ophthalmoplegia.

ophthalmoptosis (off-thal-mop-to'-sis) [ophthalmo- ;
tttuxtls, a fall]. Protrusion of the eyeball; exophthal-
mos.

ophthalmo-reaction (off -thai' -mo-re-ak' -shun). A
temporary inflammation of the conjunctiva due to
the instillation of one drop of a one per cent, solution
of tuberculin into the eye of a tuberculous subject.

ophthalmorrhagia (off-thal-mor-a'-je-ah) [ophthal-
mo-; p-qyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from
the eye.

ophthalmorrhea, ophthalmorrhoea (off-thal-mor-e'-
ah) [ophthalmo- ;pola, a flow]. A watery or sanguineous
discharge from the eye.

ophthalmorrhexis (off-thal-mor-eks'-is) [ophthalmo- ;
pi?|is, rupture]. Rupture of the eyeball.

ophthalmos (off-thai' -mos) [6<j>da\p6s,eye]. The eye.

OPHTHALMOSCOPE

630

OPIUM

ophthalmoscope (off-thal'-mo-skop) [ophthalmo- ;
aKoirelv, to see]. An instrument for examining the
interior of the eye. It consists essentially of a mirror
with a hole in it, through which the observer looks,
the concavity of the eye being illuminated by light
reflected from the mirror into the eye and seen by
means of the rays reflected from the eye-ground back
through the hole in the mirror. The ophthalmoscope
is fitted with lenses of different powers that may be
revolved in front of the observing eye, and these
neutralize the ametropia of either the patient's or
the observer's eye, thus rendering the details of the
fundus oculi clear.

ophthalmoscopic (off-thal-mo-skop'-ik) [ophthalmo-
scope]. Pertaining to the ophthalmoscope or its use.

ophthalmoscopist (off-thal-mos' -ko-pist) [ophthal-
mo-; aicoireZv, to view]. One versed in ophthalmos-
copy.

ophthalmoscopy (off-thal-mos'-ko-pe) [ophthalmo-
scope]. The examination of the interior of the eye
by means of the ophthalmoscope, o., direct, the
method of the erect or upright image, the observer's
eye and the ophthalmoscope being brought close to
the eye of the patient, o., indirect, the method
of the inverted image: the observer's eye is placed
about 16 inches from that of the patient, and a 20 D.
biconvex lens is held about two inches in front of
the observed eye, thereby forming an aerial inverted
image of the fundus, o., medical, ophthalmoscopy
as an aid to internal medicine in the diagnosis of such
diseases as manifest themselves in changes in the
fundus of the eye. o., metric, that for purposes of
measuring refraction.

ophthalmpspasm (off -thai' -mo-spazm) [ophthalmo- ;
awaanos, a spasm]. Ocular spasm.

ophthalmospintherism (off-thal-mo-spin '-ther-izm)
[ophthalmo-; ainvdijp, spark]. A condition of the eye
in which luminous sparks are seen.

ophthalmostasis (off-thal-mos' -tas-is) [ophthalmo- ;
araais, a stopping]. Fixation of the eye during an
operation upon it.

ophthalmostat (off-thai' -mo-stat) [ophthalmo-; lara-
vai, to cause to stand]. An instrument used in
fixing the eye in any position during an operation
on it.

ophthalmostatometer (off-thal-mo-stat-om'-et-er)
[ophthalmo-; ivravai, to cause to stand; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the posi-
tion of the eyes.

ophthalmostatometry (off-thal-mo-stat-om'-et-re)
[ophthalmostatometer]. The measurement of the
position of the eyes.

ophthalmosteresis (off-thal-mo-ster-e'-sis) [ophthal-
mo-; ffreprjcns, deprival]. Loss, or absence of one or
both eyes.

ophthalmosynchysis (off-thal-mo-sin'-kis-is) [oph-
thalmo-; avyxvais, a mixing together]. Effusion into
the interior of the eye.

ophthalmothermometer (off-thal-mo-thur-mom'-et-
ur). A device for recording local temperature in eye
diseases.

ophthalmotomy (off-thai-mot' -o-me) [ophthalmo-;
tout), a cutting]. The dissection, or incision of the
eye.

ophthalmotonometer (off-thal-mo-ton-om'-et-er) [oph-
thalmo-; tonometer]. An instrument for measuring
intraocular tension.

ophthalmotonometry (off-thal-mo-ton-om'-et-re)

[ophthalmotonometer]. Measurement of the intra-
ocular tension.

ophthalmotrope (off-thai' -mo-tr op) [ophthalmo-; rpo-
7tos, a turn]. An instrument used for the demonstra-
tion of the direction and the position that the eye
takes under the influence of each of its muscles, and
the position of the false image in the case of paralysis
of a given muscle.

ophthalmotropometer (off-thal-mo-trop-om'-et-er)
[ophthalmotrope; p.krpov, measure]. An instrument
for measuring the movement of the eyeballs.

ophthalmotropometry (off-thal-mo-tro-pom'-et-re)
[ophthalmotropometer]. The measurement of the
movement of the eyeballs.

ophthalmovascular (off-thal-mo-vas'-ku-lar). Per-
taining to the blood vessels of the eye. o. choke,
a condition in which pressure of the retinal vessels
on each other interferes with the blood supply of the
retina.

ophthalmoxerosis (off-ihal-mo-ze-ro'-sis). See
xerophthalmia.

ophthalmoxysis (off-thal-moks-i'-sis) [ophthalmo-;

£v<ns, a scraping]. Treatment by scraping or scari-
fication of the conjunctiva.

ophthalmoxyster (off-thal-moks-is'-ter). The same
as ophthalmoxystrum.

ophthalmoxy strum (off-thal-moks-is'-trum) [oph-
thalmo- ; tixrrrjp, scraper]. An instrument for scraping
or scarifying the conjunctiva.

ophthalmozoa (off-thal-mo-zo'-ah) [ophthalmo- ; £$ov,
animal]. Entozoa parasitic upon the eye or ' its
appendages.

ophthalmula (off -thai' -mu-lah) [6<pddKp.6s, eye; vXr/,
matter]. A scar of the eye.

ophthalmus (off -thai' -mus) [6<f>6a\n6s, eye]. The
eye.

-opia (-o'-pe-ah). See -ops.

opianine (o-pe-an'-en) [opium], C66H72N3O2. An
alkaloid of opium.

opianyl (o'-pe-an-il) [opium; &X77, matter]. Syn-
onym of meconin.

opiate (o'-pe-at) [opium]. A preparation of opium.

opiomania (o-pe-o-ma' -ne-ah) [opium; y.avla, mad-
ness]. A morbid desire for opium.

opiophagia (o-pe-off-a'-je-ah) . Synonym of opiopha-
gism.

opiophagism, opiophagy (o-pe-of'-aj-izm, o-pe-of-
aj-e) [opium; <f>ayetv, to eat]. Opium-eating.

opiophile (o'-pe-o-fil) [opium; <j>CKelv, to love]. A
lover, or eater, of opium; an opium-smoker.

opisthen (o-pis' '-then) [6-inaOev, behind]. In biology,
the hind part of the body of an animal.

opisthenar (o-pis' -the-nar) [opisthen; dkvap, the
palm]. The back of the hand. Cf. thenar.

opisthiobasial (o-pis-the-o-ba'-se-al). Relating to
or uniting the opisthion and basion.

opisthion (o-pis' -the-on). See under craniometric
point.

opisthionasial (o-pis-the-o-na' -ze-al) . Pertaining to
the opisthion and nasion-

opisthognathism (o-pis-thog' -nath-izm) [oirurdev, be-
hind; yva&os, jaw]. Recession of the lower jaw.

opisthoporia, opisthoporeia (o-pis-tho-po'-re-ah, o-
pis-tho-po-ri'-ah) [oiriadev, behind; iropda, going].
Involuntary backward-walking in an attempt to go
forward.

opisthorchiasis (op-is-thor-ki'-as-is). Infection of
the liver with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.

Opisthorchis (op-is-thor'-kis). A genus of tre-
matodes or flukes. O. felineus, a parasite found in
the liver and bile ducts of cats, dogs and man.
O. noverca, the Indian liver-fluke, found in dogs and
man. O. sinensis causes the liver-fluke disease of
China and Japan which affects cats and dogs and
man; called also Distoma sinense and Distoma
japonicum.

opisthotic (op-is-thot'-ik) [oirurdev, behind; oCj, ear].
Relating to posterior parts of the ear-apparatus.

opisthotonic (o-pis-tho-ton'-ik). Pertaining to
opisthotonos.

opisthotonoid (o-pis-thot' -on-oid) [opisthotonos;
eldos, like]. Resembling opisthotonos.

opisthotonos (o-pis-thot' -on-os) [oirtaOev, behind;
tovos, stretching]. A condition in which, from a
tetanic spasm of the muscles of the back, the head
and lower limbs are bent backward and the body
arched forward.

opium (o'-pe-um) [6-inov, poppy juice]. The
inspissated juice obtained by incising the unripe
capsules of Papaver somniferum, of the order Papa-
veraceoe, occurring in commerce in the form of brown-
ish cakes having a narcotic odor and a bitter taste.
Opium contains a large number of alkaloids, of
which morphine is the most important, since it
represents the chief properties of the drug. Other
alkaloids are narcotine, C22H23NO7, codeine, C18H21NO3,
thebaine or paramorphine, C19H21NO3, papaverine,
C20H21NO4, narceine, C23H29NO9, pseudomorphine,
C34H36N2O6, and laudanine, C20H25NO4. These
bases occur in opium combined with meconic and
thebolactic acids. According to the U. S. P., moist
opium should contain not less than 9 % of crystal-
lized morphine. Opium acts as a narcotic, pro-
ducing deep sleep, which, however, is often preceded
by a stage of mental excitement and exhilaration;
on awakening there may be headache, nausea, or
vomiting. It slows the pulse and increases its
force and raises blood-pressure; small doses do not
depress the respiration, but large doses do so in a
marked degree. It checks the motor activity of the
stomach and intestine, and lessens all secretions
except that of the skin; it produces contraction of the

OPIUMISM

631

OPSONIC

pupil. When taken in poisonous doses it causes
unconquerable drowsiness, passing into deep sleep,
with slow, full respiration, slow pulse, and con-
tracted pupils; later cyanosis develops, the respira-
tion becomes exceedingly slow, and the pulse rapid
and feeble; death takes place from failure of the
respiration. See poisons, table of. There is a
chronic form of opium-poisoning produced by the
habitual use of opium or morphine, and characterized
by mental depression, a deterioration of the moral
sense, and attacks of diarrhea. The drug is used
for the relief of pain of all forms except that due to
cerebral inflammation; in insomnia; in inflammation
of serous membranes; in spasmodic conditions;
in acute colds; for cough, retention of urine, vomiting,
diarrhea, certain forms of dyspnea, particularly that
from heart disease; and locally as an application to
sprains and inflamed surfaces. Dose i gr. (0.065
Gm.). o., confection of (confectio opii, B. P.).
Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). o., deodorized (opium
deodoratum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.).
o., extract of (exlractum opii, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose
|—i gr- (0.016-0.032 Gm.). o., extract of, liquid
(extractum opii liquidum, B. P.). Dose 5-20 min.
(0.32-1.3 Cc). o., granulated (opium granulatum,
U. S. P.). Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). o., pills of
(pilules opii, U. S. P.), pills containing 1 gr. (0.065
Gm.) of opium; those of the B. P. (pilula saponis
composita) contain each about 20 % of opium, o.
plaster (emplastrum opii, U. S. P., B. P.), contains
1 \ dr. (6 Gm.) of the drug, o., powder of, compound
(pulvis opii compositus, B. P.), contains 10 % of
opium, o., powder of ipecac and (pulvis ipecacuanha,
et opii, U. S. P.), Dover's powder, contains 10 %
each of ipecac and opium, o., powdered (opii pulvis,
U. S. P.). Dose i-i gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.). o.,
tincture of (tinctura opii, U. S. P., B. P.), laudanum.
Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). o., tincture of,
ammoniated (tinctura opii ammoniata, B. P.). Dose
30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). o., tincture of, camphorated
(tinctura opii camphor ata, U. S. P. ; tinctura camphor cz
composita, B. P.), paregoric. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16
Cc). o., tincture of, deodorized (tinctura opii deo-
dorati, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc).
o., tincture of ipecac and (tinctura ipecacuanha et
opii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc).
o., troches of glycyrrhiza and (trochisci glycyrrhizm
et opii, U. S. P., B. P.), each troche contains ^ gr.
(0.005 Gm.) of opium, o., vinegar of (acetum opii,
U. S. P.), black-drop. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc).
o., wine of (vinum opii, U. S. P., B. P.), Sydenham's
laudanum. Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). See also
codeine and morphine.

opiumism (o'-pe-um-izm) [opium]. The condition
produced by the action of opium on the system.

opo- [ottos, juice]. A prefix denoting a serum or
an organic extract.

opobalsam, opobalsamum (o-po-bawl'-sam, o-po-
bawl-sam'-um) [birbs, juice; PaXcrafwv, balsam]. A
resin from Balsamodendron opobalsamum and Bal-
samodendron gileadense. .

opocephalus (o-po-sef'-al-us) [«"A» eye; /ce^aXr),
head]. A monster characterized by fusion of the
ears, one orbit, and absence of mouth and nose.

opocerebrin (o-po-ser' -e-brin) [birbs, juice; cerebrum].
A proprietary therapeutic preparation from the gray
matter of brain; used in nervous diseases, anemia,
etc. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) twice daily.

opodeldoc (op-o-del'-dok) [origin obscure]. Soap
liniment; see under soap.

opodidymus, opodymus (op-o-did'-im-us, op-od'-
im-us) [on/', eye; SiSv^os, twin]. A monster with a
single body and skull but with two distinct
faces.

opohepatoidin (o-po-hep-at-oid'-in) . A proprietary
therapeutic preparation from the liver; it is used
in icterus and epistaxis. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3
times daily.

opohypophysin (o-po-hi-pof -is-in) . A proprietary
preparation from the hypophysis. It is used in
akromegaly. Dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.).

opolienin (o-po-W -en-in) . A proprietary prepara-
tion from the spleen. It is used in hypertrophy of
the spleen, malarial cachexia, and leukemia. Dose
20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.) twice daily.

opomammin (o-po-mam'-in). A proprietary prep-
aration from the mammary gland; it is used in uterine
diseases. Dose 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) daily.

opomedullin (o-po-med-ul'-in). A proprietary
preparation from red bone-marrow; used in anemia,

chlorosis, and neurasthenia. Dose 3-16 gr. (0.2-
1.0 Gm.) daily.

opoorchidin (o-po-or' -kid-in). A proprietary prep-
aration from the testicles, used in spinal and other
nervous diseases.

opoossiin (o-po-os'-e-in). A proprietary prepara-
tion from yellow bone-marrow; used in rhachitis and
osteomalacia.

opoovariin (o-po-ov-ar'-e-in). A proprietary prep-
aration from the ovaries; used in chlorosis, hysteria,
and in climacteric symptoms.

opopancreatin (o-po-pan-kre'-at-in). A proprietary
preparation from the pancreas; used in diabetes
mellitus.

opoprostatin (o-po-pros' -tat-in). A proprietary
preparation from the prostate; it is used in hyper-
trophy of the prostate.

oporeniin (o-po-ren'-e-in). A proprietary prep-
aration from the kidneys; used in uremia, chronic
nephritis, and albuminuria.

oposuprarenalin (o-po-su-prah-ren'-al-in). A pro-
prietary preparation from the suprarenal capsule;
used in diabetes insipidus, Addison's disease, and
neurasthenia.

opotherapy (op-o-ther'-ap-e) [biros, juice; therapy].
Synonym of organotherapy.

opothymiin (o-po-thi' -mi-in) . A proprietary prep-
aration from the thymus; used in Graves' disease,
anemia, etc.

opothyroidin (o-po-thi-roid'-in). A proprietary
preparation from the thyroid gland; it is used in
myxedema, cretinism, obesity, etc

Oppenheim's gait (op'-en-him) [Hermann Oppen-
heim, German neurologist, 1858- ]. A modi-
fication of the spastic gait of disseminated sclerosis,
consisting in large and irregular oscillations of the
head, trunk, and extremities. O.'s reflex, an ab-
normal cutaneous reflex; slight pressure on the skin
overlying the inner border of the tibia from above
downward is followed by extension of the great toe
or all the toes.

Oppenheimer's test for acetone (op'-en-hi-mer).
Make a reagent by diluting 20 Cc. of concentrated
sulphuric acid with a liter of water; to this add 50
Gm. of yellow oxide of mercury and set aside for 24
hours. To 3 Cc. of unfiltered urine add a few drops
of the reagent. In the presence of albumin a pre-
cipitate occurs at once; in its absence the precipitate
is seen some time later.

oppilation (op-il-a' -shun) [oppilatio, closure]. 1.
Obstruction; closing the pores; causing constipation.
2. A constipating agent or remedy.

oppilative (op'-il-a-tiv) [oppilatio, closure]. 1. Ob-
struction; closing the pores; causing constipation.
2. A constipating agent or remedy.

Oppolzer's sign. On palpation the seat of the
apex-beat is found to change with the alteration of
the patient's posture in cases of serofibrinous peri-
carditis.

opponens (op-o'-nenz) [ob, against; ponere, to
place]. Opposing. A term applied to certain
muscles that bring one part opposite another, as
opponens minimi digiti, a muscle placing the little
finger opposite the thumb. See muscles, table of.

oppression (op-resh'-un) [oppressio; opprimere,
to bear against]. Any sensation of pressure or
weight upon any part, especially the chest.

-ops, -opsia, -optic (-ops, -ops'-e-ah, -op'-tik)
[a>\J/, eye]. Variant forms of a suffix denoting con-
nection with or relation to the eye.

opsialgia (op-se-al'-je-ah) [&\p, face; 0X70$, pain].
Neuralgia of the face.

opsinogen, opsogen (op-sin1 -o-jen) (op'-so-jen).
A substance producing an opsonin.

opsinogenous (op-sin-oj'-en-us). Capable of pro-
ducing an opsonin.

opsiometer (op-se-om'-et-er). See optometer.

opsionosis (op-se-on'-o-sis) [S^is, sight; vbaos,
disease]. A disease of the eye, or of vision.

opsitocia (op-sit-o'-ke-ah) [64>k, late; tokos, birth].
Abnormally long pregnancy.

opsogen (op'-so-jen). See opsinogen.

opsomania (op-so-ma' -ne-ah) [b^ov, dainty food;
navla, mania]. Insane desire for dainty or some
special food.

opsomaniac (op-so-ma' -ne-ak). One affected with
opsomania.

opsonic (op-son' -ik) . Pertaining to opsonins.
o. index, the ratio of the number of bacteria ingested
by the leukocytes of a healthy person compared with

OPSONIN

632

ORCHIDOCATABASIS

that ingested by the leukocytes of the patient; e. g.,
if the ratio of the healthy is 10 and that of the
patient 15, then the index is i§. negative phase,
the decrease in opsonic power that follows the
injection, positive phase, the subsequent increase
of opsonic power.

opsonin (op'-so-nin) [64<u>vlov, provisions]. An
element in normal serum and to a greater degree in
the serum of a patient successfully inoculated with
dead cultures of the bacteria responsible for the
disease which are thereby made susceptible to phago-
cytosis.

opsonist (op'-son-ist). One versed in the technique
of opsonotherapy.

opsonometry (op-son-om'-et-re) [opsonin; fikrpov,
measure]. The estimation of the opsonic index.

opsonotherapy (op-son-o-ther'-ap-e). The treat-
ment of disease by increasing the opsonic power of
the blood.

opsophagia (op-so-fa'-je-ah) [6\j/ov, dainty food;
<t>ayeii>, to eat]. Morbid daintiness in respect of food.

optic, optical (op'-tik, op'-tik-al) [oittlkos, from
the base 6ir-, to see]. Pertaining to vision or to the
science of optics, o. atrophy, atrophy of the optic
nerve. 0. axis, the axis of the eye. o. capsule, the
embryonic structure forming the sclera, o. center.
1. The point in the main axis of the crystalline lens
at which the rays of light meet. 2. The nerve-
center concerned in the visual function, o. chiasm,
o. commissure. See commissure, optic, o. cup,
the concave area formed by the involution of the
distal extremity of the primary optic vesicle, o. disc,
the optic papilla, o. foramen. See foramen, optic.
o. groove, the groove on the sphenoid bone for the
optic chiasm, o. lobes, the corpora quadrigemina.
o. nerve. See under nerve, o. neuritis. See papil-
litis, o. papilla, the circular prominence formed by
the optic nerve after its entrance into the eyeball.
o. radiations, a large bundle of nerve-fibers joining
the optic thalamus and the occipital lobe of the
cerebrum, o. thalamus. See thalamus, o. tract,
the fibers between the visual center and the optic
chiasm, o. vesicle, a diverticulum from each side
of the primary anterior vesicle of the embryo, forming
the basis of the future eye.

optician (op-tish'-un) [optic]. A maker of optical
instruments.

opticociliary (op-tik-o-sil'-e-a-re) [optic; ciliary].
Pertaining to the optic and ciliary nerves.

opticocinerea (op-tik-o-sin-e'-re-ah) [optic; cinereus,
resembling ashes]. The gray matter of the optic
lobes.

opticopupillary (op-tik-o-pu'-pil-a-re) [optic; pupil-
lary]. > Pertaining to the optic nerve and the pupil.

optics (op'-tiks) [optic]. That branch of physics
treating of the laws of light, its refraction and re-
flection, and of its- relation to vision. See dioptrics.

optimal (op'-tim-al) [optimus, best]. The best;
the most favorable.

optimism (op'-tim-izm) [optimus, best]. Delusional
exaltation; delirium of grandeur; amenomania.

optimum (op'-tim-um) [optimus, best]. The tem-
perature or other condition at which vital , processes
are carried on with the greatest activity. Midway
between the minimum, or lowest endurable, and
maximum, or highest endurable temperatures or other
conditions.

opto- (op-to-) [optic]. A prefix denoting relation
to the eye or to vision.

optogram {op' -to- gram) [opto-; ypap.p.a, a writing].
A faint image on the retina, for a brief period after
death, of the object last seen.

optomeninx (op-to-men' -inks) . Synonym of retina.

optometer (op-tom'-et-er) [opto-; perpov, a measure].
An instrument for determining the strength of vision,
especially the degree of refractive error that is to be
corrected.

optometry (op-tom'-et-re) [otttos, visible; pkrpov,
measure]. Measurement of the visual powers.

optomyometer (op-to-mi-om'-et-er) [opto-; myomet-
er]. An instrument for measuring the strength of
the muscles of the eye.

optostriate (op-to-stri'-at) [opto-, striatum, striped].
Pertaining to the optic thalamus and the corpus
striatum.

optotype (op'-to-tlp) [oittSs, visible; tvttos, type].
A test-type used in testing the acuity of vision.

Opuntia (o-pun'-te-ah) [opuntius, relating to Opous,
a town of Greece]. Prickly pear; a genus of cac-
taceous plants represented by numerous species,

many of which, as O.- reticulata and 0. tuna, have
slight medicinal properties, the former being anthel-
mintic, purgative, and locally sedative; the latter has
been used for palpitation of the heart.

ora (o'-rah) [L.]. Margin, o. serrata, the jagged
anterior margin of the retina.

orad (o'-rad) [os, oris, mouth]. Toward the
mouth, or the oral region.

oral (o'-ral) [os, the mouth]. Pertaining to the
mouth, o. whiff, a peculiar sound heard during
expiration from the open mouth, principally in cases
of thoracic aneurysm.

orange (or'-anj). See aurantium.

orangeade (or-anj-ad'). A drink made of orange-
juice and sweetened water.

orbicular (or-bik'-u-lar) [orbicularis, dim. of orbis,
circle]. Circular. A term applied to circular mus-
cles, as the orbicular muscle of the eye or of the
mouth (orbicularis palpebrarum, orbicularis oris).

orbiculare (or-bik-u-la'-re). The orbicular bone;
a tubercle at the end of the long process of the incus;
it is separate in early fetal life.

orbicularis (or-bik-u-la'-ris). See under muscle.

orbi culostapedial (or-bik-u-lo-sta-pe'-de-al) . Re-
lating to the orbicular process of the incus and to the
stapes.

orbiculus ciliaris (or-bik'-u-lus sil-e-a'-ris). The
ciliary disc; same as annulus ciliaris.

orbit {or' -bit) [orbita, from orbis, a circle]. The
bony pyramidal cavity containing the eye, and
formed by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal,
lacrimal, superior maxillary, and palatal bones.

orbita (or'-bit-ah) [orbis, a circle, orbit: pi., orbita].
The same as orbit.

orbital (or'-bit-al). Pertaining to the orbit, p.
height, in craniometry, the greatest vertical width
of the external opening of the orbit, o. index, the
orbital height multiplied by 100 and divided by the
orbital width. If the orbital index is above 89,
it is called megaseme; if under 84, microseme; if
between, mesoseme.

orbitocele (or'-bit-o-sel) [orbita, orbit; K17X77, tumor].
1. A tumor of the orbit. 2. The same as exophthal-
mos.

orcein (or'-se-in) [Orcus, Pluto, from its dark
color], C7H7NO3. A dark-red substance derived from
orcin.

orchectomy, orchiectomy {pr-kek'-to-me, or-ki-ek'-
to-me). See orchidectomy.

orcheitis (or-ke-i'-tis). Synonym of orchitis.

orchemphraxis (or-kem-fraks'-is). Same as orchi-
demphraxis.

orcheocele (or'-ke-o-sel). See orchiocele.

orcheodesmosarcoma (or'-ke-o-dez-mo-sar-ko'-mah)
[ocrxea, scrotum; Skopos, bond; aap£, flesh; 5pa, tumor].
Scrotal elephantiasis.

orcheoplasty (or'-ke-o-plas-te). See orchioplasty.

orcheotomy (or-ke-ot'-o-me). See orchotomy.

orchestromania (or-kes-tro-ma'-ne-ah) [bpx^Oai,
to dance; pavla, madness]. Dancing mania; chorea,
or St. Vitus' dance.

orchi-, orchid-, orchio- (or-ke-, or-kid-, or-ke-o-)
[opxis, a testicle]. Prefixes signifying connection
with or relation to the testicle.

orchialgia (or-ke-al'-je-ah) [orchi-; &\yos, pain].
Neuralgia of the testicle.

orchic (or'-kik) [3pxw, testicle]. Pertaining to the
testicle.

orchichorea (or-ke-ko-re'-ah) [orchi-; chorea]. Ir-
regular movements of the testicle due to contraction
of the cremaster muscle.

orchidalgia (or-kid-al'-je-ah). Synonym of orchi-
algia.

orchidatonia (or-kid-at-o'-ne-ah) [orchi-; krovla,
atony]. Atony of the testicle; laxness of the testicle.

orchidatrophia {or-kid-at-ro'-fe-ah) [orchi-; 6.Tpo<pia,
atrophy]. Atrophy of the testicle.

orchidauxe (or-kid-awks'-e) [orchi-; av^r], growth].
Hypertrophy of the testicle.

orchidectomy (or-kid-ek'-to-me) [orchi-; iKrop-q,
excision]. Castration.

orchidemphraxis {or-kid-em-fraks'-is) [orchi-; lp-
<t>pafa, stoppage]. Obstruction of the vessels of
the testis.

orchidin (or' -kid-in). A proprietary fluid from
the testicle; used as a nervine.

orchidion (or-kid' -e-on) [dim. of 6px<-s, testicle].
A small testicle.

orchiditis (or-kid-i'-tis). Synonym of orchitis.

orchidocatabasis (or-kid-o-kat-ab'-as-is) [orchido-;

ORCHIDOCELE

633

ORGANONYM

KCLTafiaffis, a going down]. Descent of the testicle
into the scrotum.

orchidocele (or-kid' -o-sel) . Synonym of orchiocele.

orchidodynia (or-kid-o-din'-e-ah). Synonym of
orchiodynia.

orchidoncus (or-kid-ong'-kus) [orchido-; oy/cos,
tumor]. A tumor or tumefaction of the testicle.

orchidopexia (or-kid-o-peks'-e-ah). Seeorchidopexy.

orchidopexy (or'-kid-o-peks-e) [orchido-; irij^s, fixa-
tion]. Same as orchidorrhaphy.

orchidorrhaphy (or-kid-or'-a-fe) [orchido-; pafv,
suture]. Suturing of the testicle to the surrounding
tissue.

orchidoscheocele (or-kid-os'-ke-o-sel) [orchido- ;
oo~xv, scrotum; K77X77, tumor]. A scrotal hernia with
enlargement of the testicle.

orchidospongioma (pr-kid-o-spun-je-o'-mah) [or-
chido-; o-rroyyta, sponge; ofia, tumor]. A tuberculous
tumor of the testicle.

orchidotherapy (or-kid-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera-
peutic use of testicular extracts.

orchidotomy (or-kid-ot'-o-me) [orchido-; tow, a
cutting]. Incision of the testicle.

orchidotuberculum (or-kid-o-tu-ber'-ku-lum) . See
orchidospongioma.

orchidotyloma (or-kid-o-ti-lo'-mah) [orchido-; rv\os,
callus; 6m a, tumor]. A callous nodule of the testicle.

orchiectomy (pr-ke-ek'-to-me). Synonym of orchi-
dectomy.

orchiepididymitis (or-ke-ep-id-id-im-i'-tis) [orchi-;
epididymitis]. Inflammation of both testis and
epididymis.

orchio-. See orchi-.

orchiocele (pr'-ke-o-sel) [orchio-; K17X77, tumor].
1. A tumor of the testicle. 2. Scrotal hernia.

orchiodynia (or-ke-o-din'-e-ah) [orchio-; bbbv-q, pain].
Pain in the testicles.

orchioncus (or-ke-ong'-kus). Synonym of orchidon-
cus.

orchioneuralgia (or-ke-o-nu-ral' -je-ah) . Synonym
of orchialgia.

orchiopexy (pr-ke-o-pek'-se). Synonym of orchido-
pexy.

orchioplasty (or'-ke-o-plas-te) [orchio-; irKao-treiv,
to form]. Any plastic operation on the scrotum.

orchiorrhaphy (or-ke-or'-af-e). Synonym of orchi-
dorrhaphy.

orchioscheocele (or-ke-os'-ke-o-sel). Synonym of
orchidoscheocele.

orchioscirrhus (or-ke-os-kir'-us) [orchio-; o-Kippos,
induration]. A hard carcinomatous tumor of the
testicle.

orchiotomy (or-ke-ot'-o-me). Synonym of orchido-
tomy.

orchis (or'-kis) [opxis, a testicle]. 1. A genus of
plants furnishing salep and vanilla. 2. The testicle.

orchitic (or-kit'-ik). Relating to orchitis.

orchitin (or'-kit-in)* A sterilized testicular extract.

orchitis (or-ki'-tis) [orchis; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the testicle.

orchitomy (or-kit'-o-me). Synonym of orchotomy.

orchocele (or'-ko-sel). Synonym of orchiocele.

orchos (or'-kos) [opxos, tarsus]. The tarsal
cartilage.

orchotomy (or-kot'-o-me) 1. [opxis, testis; tow,
a cutting]. Castration. 2. [opxos, tarsus; tow, a
cutting]. Removal of the tarsal cartilages.

orcin, orcinol (or'-sin, or'-sin-ol) [Orcus, Pluto,
from its dark color], C7He(OH)2. A substance found
in many lichens of the genera Roccella and Lecanora.
It is an antiseptic, and has been used instead of
resorcinol. o. reaction for xylose in the urine, heat
the urine with an equal volume of hydrochloric acid
and a trace of orcin. As soon as a green color is
apparent, cool the solution and shake with amyl-
alcohol. The amyl-alcohol takes on a green color
and in the spectroscope shows the characteristic
band between C and D, and, in addition, a more
uncertain band, more toward the red.

ordeal bark (or'-de-al). Casca-bark. o. bean,
o. nut. See physostigma.

order (or'-der) [ordo, a rule]. Systematic arrange-
ment. In biology, the taxonomic group below a
class and above a family.

orderly (or'-der-le). A male hospital attendant.

orectic (or-ek'-lik) [6pe£is, appetite]. Stimulating
appetite.

orexin (o-reks'-in) [5pe£is, appetite], C14H12N2 . -
HC1 . 2H2O. Phenyldihydroquinazolin hydrochloride
used as a stomachic. Dose 4-7 gr. (0.26-0.45 Gm.).

o. tannate, a light yellow powder, used as an appetizer
and stomachic. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.).

orexis (o-reks'-is) [6pe£is, appetite]. Appetite.

orexoids (o-reks'-oids). Trade name of 5-grain
orexin tannate tablets.

organ (or'-gan) [opyavov, an organ]. Any part
of the body having a definite function to perform.
o. of Corti. See under ear. o., enamel-, a club-
shaped process of epithelium growing from the
dental ridge and forming a cap over the dental
papilla. From it the enamel of the tooth is de-
veloped, o. of Giraldes. See Giraldes' organ, o.,
Jacobson's. See Jacobson's organ, o.s of repro-
duction, the testicles and penis and its glands in the
male, the uterus and its appendages and the vagina
and its glands in the female, o. of Rosenmueller.
See parovarium, o., segmental, a mesoblastic em-
bryonic structure consisting of three parts — the
pronephros, the mesonephros, or Wolffian body, and
the metanephros.

organa (or'-gan-ah) [L.]. Plural of organum.
0. genitalia, genital organs, o. genitalia muliebria,
female genital organs, o. genitalia virilia, male
genital organs, o. oculi accessoria, accessory organs
of eye. o. palpantia, tactile organs, o. sensuum,
sense organs, o. uropoetica, uropoietic organs.
o. urticantia, the nematophores or nematillae of
Ccelenterates.

organacidia (or-gan-as-id'-e-ah) . The presence of
organic acids, especially in the stomach, o. gastrica,
the presence of large quantities of organic acids in
the gastric contents.

organelle (or'-gan-el). Any one of those parts of
the protozoan protoplasm having a special function.

organic (or-gan'-ik) [organ]. Having, pertaining
to, or characterized by organs; pertaining to the
animal and vegetal worlds; affecting the structure of
organs, o. acid, any acid containing the carboxyl
group COOH. o. chemistry, the chemistry of the
carbon compounds, carbon being the central element
of compounds occurring in organized beings, o.
compound, any chemical compound containing
carbon, o. disease, disease of an organ attended
with structural changes.

organism (or'-gan-izm) [organ], A body consisting
of an aggregation of organs having-a definite function;
any living organized being, either animal or vegetable.

organization (pr-gan-iz-a'-shun) [organ]. 1. The
orderly arrangement of organs or parts. 2. An
organism. 3. The conversion into an organ, or into
something resembling an organ, or into living tissue.

organo- (or-gan-o-) [organ]. A prefix meaning
relating to the organs.

organoferric (or-gan-o-fer'-ik). Consisting of iron
and some organic substance.

organogenesis (or-gan-o-jen'-es-is) [organo- ; ykveevs,
origin]. The process of the development of an
organ.

organogenetic (or-gan-o-jen-et'-ik) [organogenesis].
Pertaining to organogenesis.

organography (or-gan-og'-ra-fe) [organo-; ypcupeiv,
to write]. A descriptive treatise of the organs of
an animal or plant.

organoid (or'-gan-oid) [organo-; eidos, like]. Re-
sembling an organ.

organoleptic (or-gan-o-lep'-tik) [organo-; Xtjtttikos,
taking]. 1. Making an impression upon some
organ, chiefly of special sense. 2. Plastic; capable
of receiving organization.

organology (or-gan-ol'-o-je) [organo-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The science that treats of the organs of plants
and animals.

organoma (or-gan-o' -mah) [organo-; 6p.a, tumor].
A tumor containing distinct organs or parts of organs,
but not so arranged as to form a body or part of one.

organometallic (or-gan-o-met-al'-ik). Applied to
a combination of an alcoholic radical with a metal
or metalloid.

organon (or'-gan-on) [opyavov, an organ; instru-
ment]. 1. An organ, q. v. 2. A code of principles.
o. auditus, the organ of hearing, o. gustus, the
organ of taste, o. olfactus, the organ of smell, o.
spirale, the organ of Corti. o. tactus, the organ of
touch, o. visus, the organ of vision, o. vomerona-
sale. See Jacobson's organ.

organonomy (or-gan-on'-o-me) [opyavov, organ;
v6p.os, law]. The totality of the natural laws of the
conduct and functions of organic life.

organonym (or-gan'-o-nim) [opyavov, an organ;
6wp.a, name]. The name of an organ or part.

ORGANONYMY

634

ORTHIOPISTHIUS

organonymy (or-gan-on'-im-e) [opyavov, organ;
&vop.a, name]. A system of nomenclature of the
organs.

organopathism {or-gan-op'-ath-izm) [opyavov, an
organ; iraBos, disease]. The doctrine of special study
and investigation of the pathology of each and every
organ by itself.

organopathy (or-gan-op'-ath-e) [6pyavov, organ;
iraBos, disease], i. The disease of an organ. 2. A
term used by Sharp to express the local action of
drugs. 3. The same as organopathism.

organopexia, organopexy (or-gan-o-peks'-e-ah, or-
gan'-o-peks-e) [organo-; irijfa, a fixing]. The
surgical fixation of a mixplaced organ.

organoplastic (or-gan-o-plas'-tik) [opyavov, an
organ; irXdaa-eiv, to form, to mold]. Applied to cells
or tissues from which organs are developed.

organoplasty (or'-gan-o-plas-te) [opyavov, organ;
ir'Kao-areiv, to form, to mold]. The origin or develop-
ment of plant and animal organs.

organopoiesis (or-gan-o-poi-e'-sis) [opyavov, an
organ; iroiijats, formation]. The same as organo-
plasty.

organopoietic (or-gan-o-poi-et'-ik). Relating to
organopoiesis.

organosol (or-gan'-os-ol). A proprietary prep-
aration of colloidal silver with an organic solvent;
used in gonorrhea.

organotherapeutic (or'-gan-o-ther-ap-il'-tik). Re-
lating to the treatment of disease by means of animal
extracts.

organotherapy (or-gan-o-ther'-ap-e) [organo-; 6epa-
■weia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by the
administration of animal organs or extracts pre-
pared from them.

organotrophic (or-gan-o-tro'-fik) [opyavov, organ;
Tpo<j>ri, nourishment]. Relating or belonging to the
nourishment of organized tissue.

organotropic (or-gan-o-trop'-ik) [organo-; rpeireiv,
to turn]. 1. Pertaining to substances which act on
the organs of the body. 2. Producing degeneration
of organs. See plasmotropic.

organum {or'-gan-um) [L.]. See organ.

orgasm (or'-gazm) [bpyao-p.bs, swelling]. Intense
excitement, especially that occurring during sexual
intercourse.

orgastic (or-gas'-tik) [bpyaeiv, to swell]. Pertaining
to, or characterized by, orgasm.

oriental (o-re-en'-tal) [oriens, the east]. Pertaining
to the orient or east. o. boil. See furunculus
orientalis. o. plague. See plague.

orientation (o-re-en-ta'-shun) [see oriental]. 1. The
act of determining one's position in space (subjective
orientation), or the position of surrounding objects
with reference to each other (objective orientation).
2. The relative position of the substitution elements
or radicals in the benzene ring.

orifacial (or-if-a'-shal) [os, oris, mouth; fades,
face]. Pertaining to the mouth and face. o. angle,
in craniometry, the angle formed by the junction of
the plane passing through the masticating surface
of the superior maxilla with the facial line.

orifice (or' -if -is) [orificium, an opening]. An open-
ing.

orificial (or-if-ish'-al) [orifice]. Pertaining to an
orifice. 0. surgery. See Pratt's operation.

orificialist (or-if-ish' -al-ist) . One who treats
disease by the practice of orificial surgery.

orificium (or-if-ish' -e-um) [L.]. Orifice. 0. epi-
ploicum, a synonym of foramen of Winslow. o.
externum uteri, external orifice or os of uterus.
o. infundibuli, a synonym of helicotrema. o. in-
ternum uteri, internal orifice or os of uterus, o.
urethrse externum, external orifice of urethra, o.
urethra; internum, internal orifice of urethra, o.
ureteris, orifice of ureter, o. vaginae, orifice of vagina.

oriform (or'-if-orm) [os, oris, mouth; forma, form].
Having the shape of a mouth.

Origanum (o-rig'-an-um) [bpiyavov, marjoram].
A genus of plants of the order Labiatce. 0. majorana,
sweet marjoram, is used as a condiment. 0. vulgare,
wild marjoram, contains a pungent oil (oleum origani),
consisting chiefly of terpene, C10H16. Origanum
is tonic, excitant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, and
locally anodyne. It is also employed as a clearing-
agent in microscopy.

origin (or'-ij-in) [oriri, to arise]. The beginning
or starting-point of anything, o., deep, or ental,
of a nerve, its beginning in the cells of the nerve-
center, o. of a muscle, the point of attachment of a

muscle which remains relatively fixed during con-
traction of the muscle, o., superficial, or ectal, of a
nerve, the point at which it emerges from the brain
or cord.

orinasal (o-ri-na'-zal). See oronasal.

orizabin (o-riz'-ab-in). Same as jalapin.
• ormosine (or' -mo-sen). A crystalline alkaloid
from the seeds of Ormosia dasycarpa, of South
America. It is hypnotic, sedative, and narcotic.
The hydrochloride is also used.

ornus (or'-nus) [L.]. See fraxinus.

oroanal (o-ro-a'-nal) [os, oris, mouth; anus]. Ex-
tending from the mouth to the anus.

orolingual (o-ro-lin'-gwal) [os, mouth; lingua,
tongue]. Pertaining to the mouth and the tongue.

oronasal (o-ro-na'-zal). Pertaining to the mouth
and the nose.

oronosus (o-ron'-o-sus) [5pos, mountain; vbaos,
disease]. A disease prevalent in mountain regions.
See mountain sickness.

oropharyngeal (o-ro-far-in'-je-al) [os, oris, mouth;
pharynx]. Pertaining to, or situated in, the orphar-
ynx.

oropharynx (o-ro-far' -inks) [os, mouth; pharynx].
The pharynx proper, situated below the level of the
lower border of the soft palate, as distinguished from
the nasopharynx.

orotherapy (or-o-ther'-a-pe). See orrhotherapy.

oroxylon (or-oks'-il-on) [opos, mountain; %v\ov,
wood]. A genus of the Bignoniacece. O. indicum
is indigenous to tropical Asia. The root-bark is
tonic and astringent and a powerful sudorific. The
leaves are applied to ulcers.

Oroya fever (o-roi'-yah) [S. Amer.]. The febrile
stage of verrugas, q. v.

orphol (or'-fol). See bismuth betanaphtholate.

orpiment (or'-pim-ent). Arsenic trisulphide.

orrhagogus (or-ag'-o-gus) [bbfrbs, serum; aYei?, to
lead]. Synonym of hydragogue.

orrhochezia (or-o-ke- -ze-ah) [bppbs, serum; xQeiv,
to relieve oneself]. Serous diarrhea.

orrhodermitis (or-o-der-mi'-tis). See serodermitis.

orrhorrhea, orrhorrhoea (or -or -e' -ah) [bbpbs, serum^
poia, a flow]. An abnormally great flow of serum.
Also, a watery discharge; rice-water discharges.

orrhos (or'-ros) [bbpbs, serum]. Serum; whey.

orrhosis (or-o'-sis) [bbpbs, serum]. The production
of serum.

orrhotherapeutic (or-ro-ther-ap-u'-tik). Pertaining
to serum therapy.

orrhotherapy (or-O'ther'-ap-e) [bbbbs, serum; depa-
irela, therapy]. 1. The treatment of disease by the
use of human or animal blood-serum containing anti-
toxins; serum therapy. 2. Whey-cure.

orris (or' -is). See iris (2).

orsudan (or'-su-dan). Trade name for sodium
methylacetylaminophenylarsonate. It contains 25.4
per cent, of arsenic, and is used in the treatment of
syphilis.

ortharthragra (orth-arth-ra'-grah) [ortho-; apdpov,
joint; Ey pa, seizure]. True gout.

orthiauchenus (orth-e-awk'-en-us) [opBios, upright;
avxyv, neck]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the
angle formed between the radius fixus and the line
joining the basion and the inion is between 380 and
49°.

orthin (or' -thin), C7H8N2O3. An antiseptic deriva-
tive of phenylhydrazin.

orthiochordus (orth-e-o-kord'-us) [opdios, upright;
xopSrj, cord]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which
the angle formed between the radius fixus and the
line joining the hormion and the basion is between
33.20 and 520.

orthiocoryphus (orth-e-o-kor'-if-us) [bpOios, upright;
Kopv<j>ii, head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which
the angle formed between the radius fixus and the
line joining the bregma and the lambda is between
290 and 410.

orthiodontus (orth-e-o-don'-tus) [opdios, upright;
bbbvs, a tooth]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which
the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining
the alveolar and subnasal points is between 88°
and 121°.

orthiometopus (orth-e-o-met-o'-pus) [opdios, upright;
ukruirov, forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull in
which the angle between the radius fixus and the
line joining the bregma and the nasal point is be-
tween 47° and 6o°.

orthiopisthius (orth-e-o-pis' -the-us) [opdios, upright;
toicrdev, behind]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which

ORTHIOPISTHOCRANIUS

635

ORTHOSTATIC

the angle between the radius fixus and the line
joining the lambda and the inion is between 840
and 95 °-

orthiopisthocranius (orth-e-o-pis-tho-kra'-ne-us)

[opdios, upright; oirio-Oev, behind; Kpavlov, skull].
Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed
between the radius fixus and the line joining the
lambda and the opisthion is between 107 ° and
1190.

orthioprosopus (orth-e-o-pros-o'-pus) [opdios, up-
right; Trpoo-coirov, face]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle formed between the radius fixus
and the line joining the nasion and the alveolar point
is between 89. 40 and ioo°.

orthiopylus (orth-e-op' -il-us) [opdios, upright; 7tuXt7,
gate]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle
formed between the radius fixus and the line joining
the middle point of the anterior margin of the fora-
men magnum and the middle point of the posterior
margin of the foramen magnum is between 15.5°
and 240.

orthiorrhinus (orth-e-or-i'-nus) [opdios, upright; pis,
nose]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle
formed between the radius fixus and the line joining
the nasion and the subnasal point is between 87.5°
and 980.

orthiuraniscus (orth-e-u-ran-is'-kus) [opdios, up-
right; oi'pavio-Kos, canopy]. Lissauer's term for a
skull in which the angle formed between the radius
fixus and a line joining the posterior border of the
incisor foramen and the alveolar point is between
40 ° and 60 °.

ortho- (or-tho-) [6p96s, right; straight]. 1. A prefix
denoting straight, normal, or true. 2. In chemistry,
a prefix denoting that one among several compounds
of the same elements which is considered the normal
compound. Among derivatives of the benzol-
ring it refers to those formed by the substitution of
two adjacent hydrogen atoms.

orthoacid (or'-tho-as-id). An acid in which the
hydroxyl groups are equal in number to the valence
of the acidulous element; when this acid is not known,
the one whose number of hydroxyl groups most
nearly equals the valence of the acidulous element is
improperly called an orthoacid.

orthobiosis (or-tho-bi-o'-sis) [ortho-; filos, life].
Correct living; living in accordance with all the
laws of hygiene.

orthocephalic (or-tho-sef -al'-ik) [ortho-; k&PoKtj,
head]. Pertaining to orthocephaly.

orthocephalism {or-tho-sef -al-izm) . Synonym of
orthocephaly.

orthocephalous {or-tho-sef -al-us) [ortho-; necpaki),
head]. Having a skull with a vertical index of from
70.1 to 75.

orthocephaly (or-tho-sef -al-e) [ortho-; K&f>aKri,
head]. The condition of having a skull with a
vertical index of from 70. i° to 750.

orthochorea (or-tho-ko-re'-ah) [ortho-; xopela,
dance]. Choreic movements in the erect posture.

orthochromatic (or-tho-kro-mat'-ik) [ortho-; xpwm«,
color]. A term used in photography to denote
correctness in the rendering of colors.

orthocrasia (or-tho-kra'-ze-ah) [ortho-; Kpaais, tem-
perament]. A condition in which there is no idio-
syncrasy.

orthocresalol (or-tho-kres'-al-ol). See cresalol.

orthocresol (or-tho-kre'-sol), CtHsO. One of the
forms of cresol, q. v. It occurs in small amounts in
urine.

orthodactylous (or-tho-dak'-til-us) [ortho-; SoktvXos,
a finger]. Having straight digits.

orthodiagram (or-tho-di'-ah-gram). The record
made by an orthodiagraph.

orthodiagraph (or-tho-di'-ah-graf) [ortho-; dia-
graph]. A radiographic apparatus which records
accurately and quickly the dimension, form, and
position of internal organs of the body or the location
of foreign bodies.

orthodiagraphy (or-tho-di-ag'-raf-e). The mode of
determining by the aid of the roentgen-rays the
exact dimensions of an internal organ by the shadow
which it throws upon the fluorescent screen.

orthodolichocephalous (or-lho-do-lik-o-sef-al-us)
[ortho-; 5o\i\6s, long; KecfyaX-n, head]. Having a long
and straight head; having a vertical index between
70.1 ° and 750, and a transverso-vertical index
between 700 and 74.90.

orthodontia (or-tho-don' -she-ah) [ortho-; oSovs, tooth]
The correction of irregularities of the teeth.

orthodontics (or-tho-don' -tiks) [orthodontia]. "That
branch of dentistry which deals with the principles
and p/actices involved in the prevention and cor-
rection of malocclusion of the teeth, and such other
malformations and abnormalities as may be associ-
ated therewith."

orthoform (or'-tho-form), C6H3(OH)(NH2)COOH2.
A white, crystalline, odorless, tasteless powder,
slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol or ether;
used as a local anesthetic and antiseptic and internally
in cancer of the stomach. Dose li-15 gr. (0.5-1.0
Gm.). Syn., methylparaamidometaoxybenzoate. o.
emulsion, orthoform, 25 parts, in olive-oil, 100 parts.
It is recommended in subcutaneous injection in
laryngeal tuberculosis. 0., new, metaamidopara-
oxybenzoic-methylester — a cheaper product, used
as is the original orthoform.

orthognathic (or-thog-na'-thik) . Same as orthogna-
thous.

orthognathism (or-thog'-na-thizm) [ortho-; yvbBos,
jaw]. The quality of being orthognathous, or of
having jaws with little or no forward projection.

orthognathous (or-thog'-na-thus) [ortho-; yvados,
the jaw]. Straight-jawed; having a gnathic angle
of from 830 to 900.

orthomesocephalous (or-tho-mez-o-sef -al-us) [or-
tho-; p.kaos, middle; KefiaXr), the head]. In cranio-
metry, a term applied to a skull with a transverso-
vertical index between 75-i° and 79-9°. and a verti-
cal index between 70. i° and 75°.

orthometer (or-thom'-et-er) [ortho-; pkrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the relative
degree of protrusion of the eyes.

orthomonochlorphenol (or-tho-mon-o-klor-fe'-nol) .
An anesthetic drug used in rhinitis.

orthomorphia (or-tho-mor'-fe-ah) [ortho-; nop<t>r},
form]. The surgical correction of deformity.

orthonal (or'-tho-nal). A local anesthetic said to
contain cocaine hydrochloride, alypin, and epin-
ephrine.

orthopedic, orthopaedic (or-tho-pe'-dik) [ortho-; irals,
child]. Pertaining to the correction of deformities,
especially in children, o. surgery, the branch of
surgery devoted to the correction of deformities.

orthopedics, orthopaedics (or-tho-pe'-diks). See or-
thopedic surgery.

orthopedist, orthopaedist (or-tho-pe'-dist) . One who
practises orthopedic surgery.

orthophoria (or-tho-fo'-re-ah) [ortho-; (j>6pos, a
tending]. 1. A tending of the visual lines in paral-
lelism. 2. Normal balance of the eye muscles.

orthophosphoric acid (or-tho-fos-for'-ik). See acid,
ortho phosphoric.

orthoplasy (or'-tho-plaz-e) [ortho-; ir\<xo-is, a form-
ing]. The directive or determining influence of
organic selection in evolution.

orthopnea, orthopncea (or-thop-ne'-ah) [ortho-;
irvelv, to breathe]. A condition marked by quick
and labored breathing, in which the patient finds
relief only by maintaining an upright position.

ortho pneic (or-thop-ne'-ik) [orthopnea]. Charac-
terized by orthopnea.

orthopraxis, orthopraxy (or-tho-praks'-is, or'-tho-
praks-e) [ortho-; 7rpdfis, doing]. Correction of the
deformities of the body.

orthoptic (or-thop'-tik) [ortho-; optic]. Pertaining
to normal binocular vision, o. training, a method of
correcting the defective vision of those having
strabismus or muscular insufficiency, by stereoscopic
and other ocular exercises of a gymnastic kind.

orthopygium (or-tho-pij'-e-um) [ortho-; irvyri, the
rump]. Synonym of coccyx.

orthoscope (or'-tho-skop) [ortho-; o-Koweiv, to see].
1. An instrument for examination of the eye through
a layer of water, whereby the curvature, and hence
the refraction, of the cornea is neutralized and the
cornea acts as a plane medium. 2. An instrument,
for use in drawing the projections of skulls.

orthoscopic (or-tho-skop'-ik) [orthoscope]. 1. Per-
taining to an orthoscope or to orthoscopy. 2. Ap-
plied to lenses cut from the periphery of a large lens.
3. Having normal vision.

orthoscopy (or-thos'-ko-pe) [orthoscope]. The ex-
amination of the eye with the orthoscope.

orthosis (or-tho'-sis) [opdwcris, a making straight].
The process of straightening a distorted part.

orthostatic (or-tho-stat'-ik) [ortho-; oraroj, stand-
ing]. Pertaining to or caused by standing upright.
o. albuminuria, albuminuria which occurs when the
patient stands on his feet or exercises for long periods

ORTHOTAST

636

OSPHRASIA

of time, but which disappears after a period of rest
in bed.

orthotast (or'-tho-tast) [ortho-; r&ooeiu, to arrange].
An apparatus for straightening curvatures of long
bones. It has also been used as a tourniquet.

orthoterion, orthoterium (or-tho-te'-re-on, or-tho-
te'-re-um) [ortho-]. An apparatus for straightening
curved limbs.

orthotonus (or-thot'-o-nus) [ortho-; tSpos, tension].
Tetanic cramp in which the body lies rigid and
straight.

orthotrophy (or-thot'-ro-fe) [ortho-; rpo<pii, nourish-
ment]. Correct or normal nourishment; the normal
process of nutrition.

orthotropic (or-tho-trop'-ik) [ortho-; rpeirtiv, to
turn]. Pertaining to, or exhibiting orthotropism.

orthotropism (or-thot'-ro-pizm) [ortho-; rpeiretv, to
turn]. Vertical, upward, or downward growth.

oryza (o-ri'-zah) . See rice.

O. S. Abbreviation for oculus sinister, Latin
for left eye.

Os. The chemical symbol of osmium.

os [L.: gen., oris;' pi., ora]. The mouth, o.
tincae ("tench's mouth"), the os uteri, or mouth or
the uterus, o. uteri. Same as o. uteri internum.
o. uteri externum, the external opening or entrance
to the uterus, o. uteri internum, the internal orifice
of the uterus.

os [L.; gen., ossis: pi., ossa]. A bone. o. acromi-
ale, the acromion when not united to the scapula.
o. alaeforme, the sphenoid bone. o. alare, o. alatum,
the sphenoid bone and alisphenoid bone. o. baUistse,
the astragalus, o. brachii, the humerus, ossa
bregmatis, the parietal bones, o. calcis, the bone of
the heel. o. breve, a short bone. o. capitatum.
See o. magnum, o. convolutum, the turbinated
body. o. coronale, the frontal bone. o. coxae.
See o. innominatum. o. cubitale, the cuneiform bone
of the wrist, o. femoris, the femur, o. hamatum,
the unciform bone. o. humeri, the humerus, o. ilii,
the ilium, o. innominatum, the innominate bone.
ossa intercalaria, the Wormian bones, o. ischii, the
ischium, o. japonicum, the divided malar bone, a
racial characteristic of the Japanese, o. jugale,
o. jugamentum, the malar bone. o. juguli, the
clavicle, o. longum, a long bone. o. lunatum, the
semilunar bone. o. magnum, the third bone of the
second row of the carpus, o. maxillaris, the upper
jaw. o. multangulum ma jus, the trapezium, o.
multangulum, minus, the trapezoid, o. multiforme,
the sphenoid bone. o. naviculare, the scaphoid bone.

0. orbicular e. i. The pisiform bone. 2. The lenti-
cular process of the incus, o. orbitale, the upper
of two portions into which the malar bone is some-
times divided by a horizontal suture, o. pectinis,
the os pubis, o. pectoris, the sternum, o. planum.

1. A flat bone. 2. Part of the ethmoid bone.
o. pneumaticum, a hollow bone. o. praemaxillare,
the intermaxillary bone. 0. pubis, the pubis, o.
sepia?, cuttlefish bone. o. scutiforme, the patella.
ossa suturarum, the Wormian bones. Syn., ossa
triquetra; ossa Wormiana. 0. tetragonum, the parie-
tal bone. o. triangulare. See 0. cubitale. o. tri-
gonum, an ossicle due to the separation of the ex-
ternal tubercle of the posterior surface of the astra-
galus and ossification from a distinct center, o.
triquetrum. See o. cubitale. o. unguis, the lacrimal
bone. o. ypsiloides, the hyoid bone. o. zygoma-
ticum, the malar bone.

osazone (o'-saz-on). A compound formed when
solutions of sugar are warmed for some time with a
solution of phenylhydrazin and dilute acetic acid.

oscedo (os-e'-do) [L.]. Yawning.

oschea (os'-ke-ah) [ftoxeov, scrotum]. Synonym of
scrotum.

oscheal (os'-ke-al). Pertaining to the scrotum.

oscheitis (os-ke-i'-tis) [oschea; itls, inflammation].
Inflammation of the scrotum.

oscheo- (os-ke-o-) [oschea]. A prefix meaning
relating to the scrotum.

oscheocele (os'-ke-o-sel) [oscheo-; k^Xtj, hernia].
Scrotal hernia.

oscheohydrocele (os-ke-o-hi' -dro-sel) [oscheo-; hy-
drocele]. A hydrocele occupying the sac of a scrotal
hernia after the return of the bowel to the peritoneal
cavity and the shutting off of the sac from the latter.

oscheolith (os'-ke-o-lith) [oscheo-; \idos, stone].
Scrotal calculus.

oscheoma (os-ke-o' -mah) [oscheo-; 6pa, tumor].
A scrotal tumor.

oscheoncus (os-ke-ong'-kus) [oscheo-; Syicos, swell-
ing]. A swelling or tumor of the scrotum.

oscheoplasty (os'-ke-o-plas-te) [oscheo-; irXAooetv,
to form]. Plastic surgery of the scrotum.

oschitis (os-ki'-tis). See oscheitis.

oscillation (os-il-a'-shun) [oscillatio; oscillare, to
sway to and fro]. A swinging or vibration; also
any tremulous motion.

oscillator (os'-il-a-tor) [see oscillation]. An ap-
paratus for the application of mechanical thera-
peutics.

oscillometer (os-il-om' -et-ur) [oscillare, to sway to
and fro; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument for
measuring oscillations, such as those seen in taking
blood-pressure.

oscitancy (os'-it-an-se) [oscitare, to yawn]. The
disposition to yawn; drowsiness.

oscitation (os-it-a'-shun) [oscitare, to yawn]. The
act of yawning.

osculation (os-ku-la'-shun) [osculum]. 1. The
union of vessels by their mouths. 2. The act of
kissing.

osculum (os'-ku-lum) [L., "a little mouth"]. A
small aperture.

-ose (-os) [-osus]. A suffix denoting a member of
the carbohydrate group.

Osiander's sign of pregnancy (o-ze-an'-der).
Vaginal pulsation, which may frequently be detected
early in pregnancy.

-osis (-o-sis). A suffix signifying condition of, or
state caused by.

Osier's disease (oz'-ler) [Sir William Osier, English
physician, 1849- ]. See Polycythemia cyanotica.
O.'s phenomenon, the agglutination of the blood-
platelets observed in blood immediately after its
withdrawal from the body. O.'s sign, O.'s spots,
small painful erythematous swellings found in the
skin and subcutaneous tissues of the hands and feet,
and said to be indicative of subacute or chronic
malignant endocarditis.

osmate (oz'-mat) [osmium]. A salt of osmic acid.

osmatic (oz-mat'-ik) [60p.i1, smell]. Characterized
by a keen sense of smell; having a highly developed
rhinencephalon.

osmazome (oz'-maz-om) [6oy.ii, smell; fw/*6s, broth].
A brownish-yellow substance developed by heat in
muscular fibers, and formerly supposed to give to
cooked meats their peculiar flavor.

osmesis (oz-me'-sis) [6op7jots, a smelling]. The act
of smelling.

osmic (oz'-mik) [osmium]. Pertaining to or
containing osmium, o. acid. See acid, osmic.

osmidrosis (oz-mid-ro'-sis) [6op.ii, smell; ISpwots,
sweat]. The secretion of a malodorous perspiration;
bromidrosis.

osmium (oz'-me-um) [607*17, smell]. A heavy
metallic element belonging to the platinum group.
Symbol Os; specific gravity 22.48; atomic weight,
190.9; quantivalence II, IV, VI, VIII. See acid,
osmic.

osmodysphoria (oz-mo-dis-fo'-re-ah) [60 pi], smell;
Svs, difficult; <f>epeiv, to bear]. Intolerance of certain
odors.

osmogen (os'-mo-jen) [aopos, impulse; yewav, to
produce]. A substance from which a ferment or
enzyme is developed.

osmology (oz-mol'-o-je). 1. The science of odors
and the sense of smell. 2. That part of physical
science treating of osmosis.

osmometer (oz-mom'-et-er) [6opii, smell; pkrpov, a
measure]. 1. An instrument for testing the sense
of smell. 2. [See osmosis.] An apparatus for meas-
uring osmosis.

osmose (os-mos'). 1. Same as osmosis. 2. To
undergo psmosis.

osmosis (oz-mo'-sis) [&op6s, impulsion]. The
passage of liquids and substances in solution through
a porous septum. See endosmosis and exosmosis.

osmotic (oz-mot'-ik) [&op.6s, impulse]. Pertaining
to osmosis, o. equivalent, "that figure which indi-
cates the weight of water which replaces by osmosis
one part by weight of the substance subjected to the
process." o. pressure, the pressure exerted by the
particles of compounds when dissolved, directly ex-
pressed or shown by osmotic phenomena. It is
equal to that which would be exerted by an equal
amount of the substance if it were converted into gas
and occupied the same volume at the same tempera-
ture as the solution.

osphrasia (os-fra'-ze-ah). Synonym of osphresis.

OSPHRESIOLOGY

637

OSTEOARTHROPATHY

osphresiology (os-fre-ze-ol'-o-je) [So-^pi/ats, smell;
X070S, science]. The science of the sense of smell and
its organs; also of odors and perfumes.

osphresis (os-fre'-sis) [oaQprjcns, smell]. The sense
of smell ; olfaction.

osphretic (os-fret'-ik) [6<r<ppr]TiKos , capable of smell-
ing]. Same as olfactory.

osphus (os'-fus) [6<r06s, loin]. The loin.

osphyalgia (os-fe-al'-je-ah) [osphus; &X70S, pain].
Any pain in the hip or loins; sciatica.

osphyitis (os-fi-i'-tis) [6o-<pvs, loin; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Lumbar inflammation; coxitis.

osphyomyelitis {os-fi-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [6o-<f>vs, loin;
myelitis]. Myelitis of the lumbar portion of the
spinal cord.

ossa (os'-ah) [L. ; pi. of os, a bone]. Bones. See os.
0. innominata, the irregular bones forming the sides
and anterior wall of the pelvis, o. lata, the broad
or flat bones forming the walls of cavities. 0. longa,
the long bones, e. g., those of the limbs, o. sutur-
arum, o. triquetra, o. wormiana. See Wormian
bones.

ossagen (os'-aj-en). A proprietary remedy used
in rickets, said to be the calcium salt of the fatty
acids of red bone-marrow. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4
Gm.) twice daily.

ossalin (os'-al-in). A hygroscopic ointment-base
prepared from bone-marrow. It occurs as a grayish
fat with the odor of tallow. Syn., adeps ossium.

ossalinate (os-al'-in-af). A proprietary substitute
for cod-liver oil said to be the sodium compound
of the acid of ox-marrow.

ossature (os'-at-ur) [os, a bone]. The arrange-
ment of the bones of the body.

ossein (os'-e-in) [os, a bone]. The organic base of
osseous tissue.

osselet (os'-el-et) [dim. of os, a bone]. A small
bone; also a hard nodule on the inner aspect of the
horse's knee.

osseoalbumoid {os-e-o-al' -bu-moid) . A proteid
substance resembling elastin, obtained from bone
after hydration of the collagen.

osseoaponeurotic (os-e-o-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) [os; apo-
neurosis]. Bounded by bone and the aponeurosis of
a muscle.

osseocartilaginous (os-e-o-kar-til-aj'-in-us) . Per-
taining to or composed of both bone and cartilage.

osseomucoid (os-e-o-mu'-koid). A mucin dis-
covered in bone and having the composition C47.07-
H6.69N11.8iS2.uO31.80.

osseous (os'-e-us) [os]. Bony; composed of or
resembling bone.

ossicle (os'-ik-l) [ossiculum, dim. of os], A small
bone, o., Andernach's, the Wormian bones, o.,
auditory, one of a chain of small bones found in the
tympanic cavity of the ear. o., epactal, a Wormian
bone, o., Kerkring's, a point of ossification in the
occipital bone, immediately behind the foramen
magnum, o.s, Riolan's, small bones sometimes found
in the suture between the inferior border of the occi-
pital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal
bone.

ossicula {ps-ik'-u-lah) [L.]. Plural of ossiculum.
o. auditus. Auditory ossicles; see ossicle.

ossiculectomy (os-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [ossicle; eKTourj,
excision]. The excision of an ossicle or of the audi-
tory ossicles.

ossiculotomy (os-ik-ii-lot'-o-me) [ossicle; rkp.veiv,
to cut]. Surgical incision of the ossicles of the ear.

ossiculum (os-ik'-u-lum). [L. : pi., ossicula]. Syn-
onym of ossicle, ossicula calcoidea, the cuneiform
bones of the foot, ossicula epactalia, the Wormian
bones. 0. hamuli, a horny nodule in the trochlea
near the ventral border of the lacrimal groove, o.
jugulare, one of frequent occurrence in the posterior
lacerated foramen, ossicula triticea, the lesser cornua
of the hyoid bone.

ossiferous (os-if'-er-us) [os; ferre, to bear]. Con-
taining or producing bone tissue.

ossific (os-if'-ik) [os; facer e, to make]. Pro-
ducing bone.

ossification {os-if-ik-a' -shun) [see ossific]. The
formation of bone.

ossifluent (os-if -lu-ent) [os ; fluere, to flow]. Break-
ing down and softening bony tissue, as an ossifluent
abscess.

ossiform (os'-if-orm) [os ; forma, form]. Bone-like.

ossifying (os'-if-i-ing) [os; facer e, to make]. Chang-
ing into bone. o. chondroma, a chondroma that is
undergoing ossification, o. myositis, inflammation

of muscle attended with, or followed by, deposition
of bone-like masses.

ossin {os'-in) [os, a bone]. An extract made
from bone-tissue, and used in organotherapy, q. v.

ostagra (os-ta'-grah) [osteo-; ay pa, seizure]. A
bone-forceps.

ostalgia (os-tal'-je-ah) [osteo-; akyos, pain]. Pain
in a bone.

ostalgitis (os-tal-ji'-tis) [osteo-; a\yos, pain; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of a bone attended
by pain.

ostarthritis (ost-ar-thri'-tis). See osteoarthritis.

osteal (os'-te-al) [osteo-]. Osseous, bony; pertaining
to bone.

ostealgia (os-te-al'-je-ah) . See ostalgia.

ostealleosis (os-te-al-e-o'-sis) [osteo-; aWoioxrts,
alteration]. A metamorphosis of the substance of
bone, as exemplified in osteosarcoma.

osteameba, osteamceba (os-te-am-e'-bah) [osteo-;
amoeba], A bone-cell or osteoblast regarded as an
organism.

osteanabrosis (os-te-an-ab-ro'-sis) [osteo-; avaf}p&<ns,
an eating up]. Absorption or atrophy of bone.

osteanagenesis (os-te-an-aj-en'-es-is) [osteo-; ava-
yewav, to regenerate]. The regeneration of bone.

osteanaphysis (os-te-an-af'-is-is) [osteo-; ava<pbei.v,
to reproduce]. The reproduction of bone-tissue.
Synonym of osteanagenesis.

ostearthritis {os-te-ar-thri'-tis). See osteoarthritis.

ostearthrocace (os-te-ar-throk'-as-e) [osteo-; apdpov,
joint; KaKds, bad]. Malignant caries of the bones of a
joint.

ostearthrotomy ips-te-ar-throt'-o-me). See osteo-
arthrotomy.

osteauxe (os-te-awks'-e) [osteo-; avfa, growth].
Abnormal enlargement of a bone.

ostectomy (os-tek'-to-me). See osteectomy.

ostectopy (os-tek'-to-pe) [osteo-; iKroiros, placed].
Displacement of bone.

osteectomy (os-te-ek'-to-me) [osteo-; iKTop.ii, exci-
sion]. Excision of a portion of a bone.

ostein {os'-te-in). The same as ossein.

osteitic (os-te-it'-ik) [osteo-; ins, inflammation].
Pertaining to osteitis.

osteitis, ostitis (os-te-i'-tis, os-ti'-tis) [osteo-; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of bone. o. carnosa,
inflammation of bone, attended with the presence
of an excess of fungous granulations, o., condensing,
a form usually involving the whole of a hollow bone,
and resulting in the filling of the medullary cavity
with a dense bony mass; new bone usually forms
on the surface, so that the bone becomes heavier
and denser than normal, o. deformans, a rare form
characterized by the production of deformity, o.
fungosa, a simple inflammatory hyperplasia of the
medulla and of the compact substance of bone
characterized by fungoid granulations and leading
to new ossification or destructive chronic inflamma-
tion, o., gummatous, a chronic form due to syphilis
and characterized by the formation of gummata in
the cancellous tissue of the epiphysis, in the shaft of
a bone, or in the periosteum, o., rarefying. See
osteoporosis, o., sclerosing. See osteosclerosis.

ostembryon (os-tem'-bre-on) [osteo-; epfipvov, fetus].
Synonym of lithopedion.

ostemia, ostaemia (os-te'-me-ah) [osteo-; alpa, blood].
A morbid condition of bone distinguished by its
turgescence with blood.

ostempyesis {os-tem-pi-e'-sis) [osteo-; ipwvricns,
suppuration]. Suppuration of bone.

osteo- (os-te-o-) [oarkov, bone]. A prefix signifying
connection with or relation to bone.

osteoanabrosis {os-te-o-an-ab-ro'-sis) [osteo-; &va,
up; PpuxTis, eating]. Absorption of bone or its
destruction, as by osteoclasts.

osteoaneurysm (os-te-o-an'-u-rizm) [osteo-; aneu-
rysm]. Aneurysm of the arteries of a bone; a pul-
sating tumor of a bone.

osteoarthritis (os-te-o-ar-thri'-tis) [osteo-; arthritis],

1. An inflammation of the bones forming a joint.

2. Chronic rheumatoid arthritis.
osteoarthropathy (os-te-o-ar-throp'-ath-e) [osteo-;

apdpov, joint; irados, disease]. Any disease of bony
articulations, o., hypertrophic pulmonary, a disease
characterized by a bulbous enlargement of the
terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, a thick-
ening of the articular ends of the bones, and a peculiar
curvation of the nails. The condition is usually
associated with disease of the lungs or pleura (whence
the name osleoarthropathie pneumonique hypertrophi-

OSTEOARTHROTOMY

638

OSTEOPERIOSTITIS

ante given to it by Marie), and results from the ab-
sorption of toxic products from the diseased foci.

osteoarthrotomy (os-te-o-ar-throt'-o-me) [osteo-; ar-
throtomy]. Excision of the joint-end of a bone.

osteoblast (os'-te-o-blast) [osteo-; /3Xa<7Tos, a germ].
Any one of the cells of mesoblastic origin concerned
in the formation of bony tissue.

osteoblastic (os-te-o-blas'-tik). Pertaining to osteo-
blasts, or to the formation of bone.

osteocachexia (os-te-o-kak-eks'-e-ah). Cachexia due
to disease of the bones.

osteocampsia (os-te-o-kamp'-se-ah) [osteo-; Kanirretv,
to bend]. Curvature of a bone without fracture, as
in osteomalacia.

osteocarcinoma (os-te-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). i. Ossi-
fying carcinoma. 2. Carcinoma of bone.

osteocartilaginous (os-te-o-kar-til-aj'-in-us). Per-
taining to or composed of both bone and cartilage.

osteocele (os'-te-o-sel) [osteo-; K17X17, hernia]. A
bone-like substance found in old hernial sacs; also
marked hardening of the testicle.

osteocephaloma (os-te-o-sef-al-o'-mah) [osteo-; «<=<£-
0X17, head; &y.a, tumor; pi., osteocephalomata]. Ence-
phaloma or encephaloid sarcoma of bone.

osteochondritis {os-te-o-kon-dri'-tis). Inflamma-
tion involving both bone and cartilage.

osteochondroma (os-te-o-kon-dro'-mah). A tumor
that is in part bony and in part cartilaginous.

osteochondrophyte (os-te-o-kon' -dro-fit) . A bone
tumor in which the proportions of bone and cartilage
are nearly equal.

osteochondrosarcoma (os-te-o-kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) .
An osteochondroma with sarcomatous features.

osteoclasia (os-te-o-kla'-ze-ah). See osteoclasis.

osteoclasis (os-te-ok' -la-sis) [osteo-; /cXd<m, a break-
ing]. 1. Fracture of bones for purposes of remedying
deformity. 2. The destruction of bony tissue by
osteoclasts.

osteoclast (os'-te-o-klast) [see osteoclasis]. 1. An
instrument for performing osteoclasis. 2. One of
the large multinuclear cells found against the surface
of bone in little eroded depressions (Howship's
lacuna?), and concerned in the removal of bone.

osteoclastic (os-te-o-klas'-tik) [osteo-; kXchttos,
broken]. Of the nature of an osteoclast; concerned
in the breaking down and absorption of bone.

osteocomma (os-te-o-kom'-ah) [osteo-; KOfifia, seg-
ment: pi., osteocommata]. Any one of a series of
bone-segments; in the adult skeleton, a vertebra is
an example.

osteocope (os'-te-o-kop). See osteocopic pain.

osteocopic pain (ps-te-o-kop'-ik) [osteo-; koitos, a
beating]. A severe pain in a bone, usually worse
at night. It is a symptom of osteitis or periostitis,
especially of syphilitic origin.

osteocranium (os-te-o-kra'-ne-um). The ossified
cranium as distinguished from the chondrocranium.

osteocystoma (os-te-o-sis-to'-mah). A cystic bone-
tumor.

osteodentine (os-te-o-den'-ten) [osteo-; dens, tooth].
A tissue of the nature of, and intermediate in struc-
ture between bone and dentine.

osteodermatoplastic (os-te-o-der-mat-o-plas'-tik) [os-
teo-; deppa, skin; ir\6.<r<Tei.i>, to mold]. Pertaining to
the formation of osseous tissue in dermal structures.

osteodermatous (os-te-o-der'-mat-us) [osteo-; 6kpp.a,
skin]. Having an ossified integument. Pertaining
to osteodermia.

osteodermia (os-te-o-der' -me-ah) [osteo-; Sipfia,
skin]. Bony formations in the skin.

osteodiastasis (os-te-o-di-as'-ta-sis) [osteo-; Siaara-
<ris, separation]. Separation of bone (as an epi-
physis) without true fracture.

osteodiclis (os-te-o-dik'-lis). See diclidostosis.

osteodynia (os-te-o-din'-e-ah) [osteo-; bbvvq, pain].
A chronic pain in a bone.

osteoepiphysis (os-te-o-e-pif'-is-is). A bony epi-
physis.

osteofibrolipoma (os-te-o-fi-bro-lip-o'-mah). A tu-
mor of bony, fibrous, and fatty elements.

osteofibroma (os-te-o-fi-bro'-mah). A combined
osteoma and fibroma.

osteogen (os'-te-o-jen) [osteo-; yewav, to produce].
The substance of which osteogenic fibers are made up.

osteogenesis (os-te-o-jen'-es-is) [osteo-; ykveais,
origin]. The development of bony tissue.

osteogenetic (os-te-o-jen-et'-ik) [see osteogenesis].
Pertaining to osteogenesis, o. cell, an osteoblast.
o. layer, the deep layer of periosteum from which
bone is formed.

osteogenic {os-te-o-jen'-ik). Synonym of osteo-
genetic.

osteogeny (os-te-oj'-en-e). See osteogenesis.

osteography (os-te-og'-ra-fe) [osteo-; ypafaiv, to
write]. Descriptive anatomy of the bones and their
articulations.

osteohalisteresis (os-te-o-hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [osteo- ;
&Xs, salt; arepr/ais, privation]. A loss of the mineral
constituents of bone.

osteohelcosis (os-te-o-hel-ko'-sis) [osteo-; eXxwo-ts,
ulceration]. Caries of bone.

osteoid (os'-te-oid) [osteo-; elSos, like]. 1. Re-
sembling bone. 2. An osteoma, o. sarcoma, a
sarcoma in which non-calcified bony tissue is
found.

osteolipochondroma (os-te-o-lip-o-kon-dro'-mah) [os-
teo-; XCttos, fat; chondroma], A chondroma with
osseous and fatty elements.

osteolith (os'-te-o-lith) [osteo-; Xi'0os, stone]. A
petrified bone.

osteology (os-te-ol'-o-je) [osteo-; \6yos, science].
Science of anatomy and structure of bones.

osteolysis (os-te-ol'-is-is) [osteo-; Xhns, dissolution].
1. Absorption of bone. 2. Degeneration of bone.

osteolytic (os-te-o-lit'-ik) [osteo-; \v<ris, dissolution].
Pertaining to, or concerned in, osteolysis.

osteoma (os-te-o'-mah) [osteo-; 6y.a, a tumor],
A bony tumor, o., cavalryman's, one occurring at
the insertion of the long adductor muscle of the
thigh, o. durum, a tumor consisting of hard bony
tissue, o. eburneum. See o. durum, o. medullare,
an osteoma containing marrow-spaces, o. spongi-
osum, an osteoma containing cancellated bony
tissue.

osteomalacia (os-te-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [osteo- ; p.a\aKia,
softening]. Softening of bone from loss of its earthy
constituents. Occurs chiefly in adults, especially
in pregnancy.

osteomalacia!, osteomalacic (os-te-o-mal-a' -se-alt
os-te-o-mal-a' -sik) [osteo-; /mXa/cia, softening]. Per-
taining to, or affected with, osteomalacia.

osteomalacosis (os-te-o-mal-ak-o'-sis). Synonym
of osteomalacia.

osteomalacic (os-te-o-mal-ak'-tik). Pertaining to
osteomalacia.

osteomere (os'-te-o-mer). Same as osteocomma.

osteometry (os-te-om'-et-re) [osteo-; per pov, measure].
The study of the proportions and measurements of
the skeleton.

osteomiosis (os-te-o-mi-o'-sis) [osteo-; neiuxrit,
diminution]. Disintegration of bone.

osteomyelitis {os-te-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [osteo-; myelitis].
Inflammation of the marrow of bone.

osteomyelum (os-te-o-mV -el-um) [osteo-; five\6st
marrow]. The marrow of bone.

osteonabrosis {os-te-on-ab-ro'-sis). See osteo-
anabrosis.

osteonagenesis {os-te-on-aj-en'-es-is). See osteo-
genesis.

osteoncus (os-te-ong'-kus) [osteo-; 5yicos, tumor].
1. A tumor of a bone. 2. An exostosis.

osteonecrosis (ps-te-o-ne-kro' -sis) . Necrosis of
bone.

osteoneuralgia (os-te-o-nu-ral'-je-ah). Neuralgia
of bone.

osteonosus (ps-te-on' -o-sus) [osteo-; vbaos, disease].
Disease of bone.

osteoparectasis (os-te-o-par-ek'-tas-is) [osteo-; irapeic-
rao-is, a stretching out]. Abnormal lengthening of
a bone; overextension in the treatment of fracture.

osteopath, osteopathist (os'-te-o-path) [os-te-op'-a-
thist]. One who practises osteopathy.

osteopathic (os-te-o-path'-ik). Pertaining to oste-
opathy.

osteopathy (os-te-op'-ath-e) [osteo-; iraBos, suffer-
ing]. 1. Any disease of bone. 2. A school of
medicine based upon the theory that the body is
a vital mechanical organism whose structural and
functional integrity are coordinate and that the
perversion of either is disease, while its therapeutic
procedure is chiefly manipulative correction, its
name indicating the fact that the bony framework
of the body largely determines the structural rela-
tion of its tissues (Committee on Osteopathic Termin-
ology).

osteopedion (os-te-o-pe'-de-on) . See lithopedion.

osteoperiosteal (os-te-o-per-e-os'-te-al) [osteo-; peri-
osteum]. Pertaining to bone and its overlying peri-
osteum.

osteoperiostitis (os-te-o-per-e-os-ti'-tis) [osteo-; peri-

OSTEOPHAGE

639

OTOCATARRH

ostitis]. Combined inflammation of the bone and
periosteum.

osteophage (os'-te-o-fdj) [osteo-; <payelv, to eat].
A myeloplax, or osteoclastic cell.

osteophlebitis (os-te-o-fle-bi'-tis). Inflammation
of the veins of a bone.

osteophone (os'-te-o-fon) [osteo-; (purf, sound].
An apparatus for the transmission of sounds through
the bones of the face; it is miscalled audiphone.

osteophony (os-te-off'-on-e) [osteo-; <f>ui>ri, sound].
The transmission of sound through bone.

osteophore (os'-te-o-for) [osteo-; <{>epeiv, to bear].
A heavy tooth-forceps for crushing bone.

osteophthisis (os-te-off'-this-is) [osteo-; <j>dio-ts, a
wasting]. Wasting of the bones.

osteophyma (os-te-o-fi'-mah) [osteo-; (f>vp.a, swelling].
Any tumor or swelling of a bone.

osteophyte (os'-te-o-fit) [osteo-; <t>vrbv, a plant].
A bony outgrowth of dendritic character.

osteoplaque (os'-te-o-plak) [osteo-; irXd|, plate].
A layer of bone; a flat osteoma.

osteoplast (os'-te-o-plast) [osteo-; irXaaaeiv, to form].
Same as osteoblast.

osteoplastic (os-te-o-plas'-tik) [see osteoplasty],
i. Pertaining to the formation of bone. 2. Per-
taining to plastic operations upon bone. 0. resec-
tion, the Wagner-Wolff operation, in which a portion
of bone, cut loose from its attachments except at
one point, is laid back, the underlying diseased
structure removed, and the bone replaced.

osteoplasty (os'-te-o-plas-te) [osteo-; ir\ao-o~eip, to
form]. Plastic operations on bone.

osteoporoma (os-te-o-por-o'-tnah) [osteo-; wopos,
passage]. The changes produced by osteoporosis.

osteoporosis (os-te-o-por-o'-sis) [osteo-; iropos, a
pore]. An enlargement of the spaces of bone whereby
a porous appearance is produced.

osteopsathyrosis (os-te-o-sath-ir-o'-sis) [osteo-; -^adv-
pbs, friable]. Fragility of the bones.

osteorrhagia (os-te-or-a'-je-ah) [osteo-; p-qyvvvai.,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from a bone.

osteorrhaphy (os-te-or'-a-fe) [osteo-; pa<j>-q, suture].
The suturing of bones.

osteosarcoma {os-te-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma
containing bone.

osteosarcomatous {os-te-o-sar-ko'-mat-us). Of the
nature of an osteosarcoma.

osteosarcosis (os-te-o-sar-ko'-sis) [osteo-; <rap£,
flesh]. The conversion of bone into sarcomatous
tissue.

osteoscirrhus (os-te-o-skir'-us) [osteo-; o-Kippos, a
hardening]. A scirrhous carcinoma of bone.

osteosclerosis (os-te-o-skle-ro'-sis) . A condition in
which the bone becomes hard and heavy; it is seen
in sclerosing or condensing osteitis.

osteoscope (os'-te-o-skop) [osteo-; o-Koireiv, to view].
An instrument used for testing an x-ray machine
by examining certain bones which are used as a
standard.

osteoseptum {os-te-o-sep' -turn) [osteo-; septum].
The bony nasal septum.

osteosis (os-te-o'-sis) [osteo-]. Bone formation.

osteospongioma (os-te-o-spun-je-o'-mah) . A tumor
consisting of a spongy or highly cancellous growth
of bony tissue.

osteosteatoma (os-te-o-ste-at-o'-mah). A fatty
tumor of bone.

osteostixis (os-te-o-stiks'-is) [osteo-; arl^is, a prick-
ing]. Surgical puncturing of a bone.

osteosuture {os-te-o-su'-tur). See osteorrhaphy.

osteosynovitis (os-te-o-sin-o-vi'-tis). Synovitis com-
plicated with osteitis of adjacent bones.

osteotabes (os-te-o-ta'-bez). Bone degeneration
of infants beginning with the destruction of the
cells of the lymphoid or splenoid bone-marrow, which
disappears completely in parts and is replaced by
soft gelatinous tissue; later the spongy bone dimin-
ishes, and lastly the compact bone.

osteoteleangiectasis (os'-te-o-tel-e-an-je-ek'-tas-is)
[osteo-; Tk\os, end; &yyeioi>, vessel; bcraais, dilatation].
Dilatation of the blood-vessels of a bone; also a
telangiectatic osteosarcoma.

osteothrombosis (os'-te-o-throm-bo'-sis). Thrombo-
sis of the veins of a bone.

osteotome (os'-te-o-tom) [osteo-; rop-q, a cutting].
1. An instrument for cutting bone. 2. An instru-
ment used in cutting the bones of the fetal head in
embryotomy.

osteotomist (os-le-ot'-o-mist) [osteo-; rop.ii, a cutting].
One who performs osteotomy.

osteotomy (os-te-ot'-o-me) [see osteotome]. The
division of a bone, o., cuneiform, an osteotomy in
which a wedge of bone is removed, o., linear, a
simple division of a bone, o., Macewen's. See
Macewen's osteotomy.

osteotribe (os'-te-o-trib). Same as osteotrite,

osteotrite (os'-te-o-trit) [osteo-; rplfieiv, to rub].
An instrument for scraping away carious bone.

osteotylus (os-te-o-ti'-lus) [osteo-; tvXos, callus].
Bone-callus.

osteotympanic - {os-te-o-tim-pan'-ik). See cranio-
tympanic.

osteulcus (os-te-ul'-kus) [osteo-; eXKew, to draw].
A bone-forceps.

osthelcus (ost-hel'-kus) [osteo-; IX/cos, an ulcer].
Caries of bone.

osthistos (ost-his'-tos) [osteo-; iarbs, tissue]. Os-
seous tissue.

ostia (os'-te-ah) [L.]. Plural of ostium, q. v.

ostial (os'-te-al) [ostium]. Pertaining to an opening
or orifice.

ostiary (os'-te-a-re) [ostium]. Same as ostial.

ostitis (os-ti'-tis). See osteitis.

ostium (os'-te-um)^ [L.: pi., ostia], A mouth or
aperture, o. abdominale, the orifice of the oviduct
communicating with the peritoneal cavity o.
internum, the uterine opening of the oviduct, o.
pharyngeum, the pharyngeal opening of the Eusta-
chian tube. o. tympanicum, the tympanic opening
of the Eustachian tube. o. vaginae, the external
orifice of the vagina.

ostoid (os'-toid). See osteoid.

ostracosis (os-trak-o'-sis) [oarpaKou, oyster-shell;
vbo-os, disease]. The degenerative change that some-
times takes place in a portion of bone and causes it
to resemble an oyster-shell.

ostreotoxismus (os-tre-o-toks-iz'-mus) [oarpeop, oys-
ter; to£ik6i>, poison]. Poisoning due to eating
diseased or deteriorated oysters.

otacoustic (o-ta-koos'-tik) [ovs, ear; iwoveiv, to hear].
1. Pertaining to or aiding hearing. 2. An ear-
trumpet.

otacousticon (o-tak-oos'-tik-on) [oto-; Slkovo-ls, hear-
ing]. An otacoustic, or ear-trumpet.

otagra (o-ta'-grah). Synonym of otalgia.

otalgia (o-tal'-je-ah) [ovs, ear; aKyos, pain]. Earache.

otalgic {o-tal'-jik) [oto-; aXyos, pain]. Affected with
or pertaining to, otalgia.

otaphone (o'-taf-dri). See otophone.

otectomy (o-tek'-to-me) [oto-; Iktom, excision].
Ossiculectomy.

othelcosis (o-thel-ko'-sis) [oto-; ZXkwo-is, ulceration].
Ulceration of the ear.

othematoma, othaematoma (ot-hem-at-o'-mah) [ovs,
ear; hematoma]. Hematoma of the external ear,
usually the pinna; it is comparatively frequent in
the insane. Syn., Hcematoma auris; insane ear.

othemorrhea, othaemorrhcea {ot-hem-or-e'-ah) [oto-;
oilpa, blood; poia, flow]. A sanguineous discharge
from the ear.

othygroma nephriticum (ot-hi-gro'-mah nef-rit'-
ik-um) [ovs, ear; hygroma; nephritic]. Elongation of
the lobule of the ear following edema from acute
nephritis.

otiatric (o-te-at'-rik) [oto-; larrip, surgeon]. Per-
taining to the treatment of diseases of the ear.

otiatrics (o-te-at'-riks) [ovs, ear; larpiKos, of healing].
The study of diseases of the ear and their treatment.

otic (o'-tik) [utikos, from ovs, ear]. Pertaining to
the ear. o. ganglion. See ganglion, otic.

oticodinia (o-tik-o-din'-e-ah) [otic; blvq, a whirling].
Vertigo from ear disease.

otitic (o-tit'-ik). Relating to otitis.

otitis (o-ti'-lis) [ovs, ear; ins, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the ear. o. externa, inflammation
of the external ear. o., furuncular, the formation
of furuncles in the external meatus, o. interna, that
affecting the internal ear. o. labyrinthica, inflamma-
tion of the labyrinth, o. mastoidea, inflammation
confined to the mastoid cells; mastoid disease, o.
media, that affecting the middle ear. o. parasitica,
that claused by a parasite, o. sclerotica, inflamma-
tion of the inner ear with hardening of the tissues.

oto- (0-I0-) [ols, ear]. A prefix signifying con-
nection with or relation to the ear.

otoblenorrhea, otoblennorrhoea (o-to-blen-or-e'-ah)
[oto-; ffXkwa, mucus; poia, flow]. Any abnormal
discharge of mucus from the ear.

otocatarrh (o-to-kat-ar') [oto-; catarrh]. Catarrh
of the ear.

OTOCEPHALUS

640

OVARADEN

otocephalus (o-to-sef'-al-us) [oto-; Ke<f>a\r), head].
A monster characterized by a union or close approach
of the ears, by absence of the lower jaw, and an ill-
developed mouth.

otocerebritis {o-to-ser-e-bri'-tis) [oto-; cerebrum,
brain; m.s, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
brain from disease of the ear.

otocleisis (o-to-kli'-sis) [oto-; icXeZcns, closure].
Occlusion of the ear.

otoconia (o-to-ko'-ne-ah). Plural of otoconium.

otoconial (o-to-ko'-ne-al) [oto-; kovis, dust]. Per-
taining to, or of the nature of, otoconia.

otoconite (o-tok'-o-nlt). See otoconium.

otoconium (o-to-ko'-ne-um) [oto-; kovis, dust]. An
otolith.

otocrane, otocranium (o'-to-krdn, o-to-kra'-ne-um)
[oto-; Kpaviou, skull]. The cavity of the petrous por-
tion of the skull holding the organ of hearing.

otocyst (o'-to-sist) [oto-; kvo-tcs, bladder]. An
auditory vesicle, otocell, or otidium in invertebrates,
or an otolithic sac in vertebrates.

otodynia (o-to-din'-e-ah) [oto-; 65vi>t), pain]. Pain
in the ear.

otoganglion (p-to-gang'-gle-on). See ganglion, otic.

otogenous (o-toj'-en-us) [oto-; yewav, to produce].
Originating in the ear.

otography (o-tog'-ra-fe) [oto-; ypafaw, to write].
Descriptive anatomy of the ear.

otohemineurasthenia (o-to-hem-e-nil-ras-the'-ne-ah)
[oto-; hemi, half; neurasthenia]. A condition in
which hearing is limited exclusively to one ear, with-
out the evidence of any material lesion of the auditory
apparatus.

otolith (o'-to-lith) [oto-; Xit?os, stone]. One of the
calcareous concretions within the membranous
labyrinth of the ear.

otological (o-to-loj'-ik-al). Pertaining to otology.

otologist (p-tol'-o-jist) [oto-; \6yos, science]. One
versed in otology; an aurist.

otology (o-tol'-o-je) [oto-; X6?os, science]. The sci-
ence of the ear, its anatomy, functions, and diseases.

otomassage {o-to-mas-ahzj') [oto-; massage]. The
application of passive motion to the tympanic mem-
brane and auditory ossicles.

otomyasthenia (o-to-mi-as-the'-ne-ah). 1. Weakness
of the muscles of the ear. 2. Defective hearing due
to a paretic condition of the tensor tympani and
stapedius muscles.

otomyces {o-to-mi'-sez) [oto-; ^vktjs, fungus]. A
fungous growth within the ear. o. Hageni, a fungus,
with green conidia, sometimes found in the external
canal of the ear. 0. purpureus, a dark-red fungous
growth in the ear.

otomycosis (o-to-mi-ko'-sis). The growth of fungi
within the ear, or the diseased condition caused by
the same.

otonecrectomy (o-to-ne-krek'-to-me). See otone-
cronectomy.

otonecronectomy (o-to-nek-ro-nek'-to-me) [oto-;
vtKpbs, dead; iKrofirj, excision]. Surgical removal of
necrosed sound-conductors from the ear.

otoncus (o-tong'-kus) [oto-; 67x0s, tumor]. A
swelling or tumor of the ear.

otoneuralgia {o-to-nu-ral'-je-ah). Synonym of
otalgia.

otoneurasthenia (o-to-nu-ras-the'-ne-ah). A con-
dition of deficient tone of the auditory apparatus.

otopathy (o-top'-ath-e) [oto-; iraBos, disease]. Any
affection of the ear.

otopharyngeal {o-to-far-in'-je-al). Pertaining to
the ear and the pharynx, o, tube, the Eustachian
tube.

otophone {o'-to-fon) [oto-; tpwvri, voice]. 1. An
ear-trumpet or other device for gathering and
intensifying sound-waves. 2. An auscultating tube
used in ear diseases.

otophthalmic (o-toff-thal'-mik) [oto-; o^aXjuos, eye].
Pertaining to the ear and the eye.

otopiesis (o-to-pi'-es-is) [oto-; irUais, pressure].
Pressure on the labyrinth sufficient to cause deafness.
Depression of the tympanic membrane by atmo-
spheric pressure, owing to the rarefaction of the
air within the tympanic cavity.

otoplasty (o'-to-plas-te) [oto-; ?rX do-crew , to form].
Plastic surgery of the external ear.

otopolypus (o-to-pol'-ip-us). A polypus occurring
in the ear.

otopyorrhea, otopyorrhea (o-lo-pi-or-e'-ah) [oto-;
irbov, pus; poia, a flow]. A purulent discharge, from
the ear.

otopyosis (p-to-pi-o'-sis) [oto-; irbov, pus]. Sup-
puration within the ear.

otorhinolaryngology ip-to-ri-no-lar-in-gol'-o-je)

[oto-; fa, nose; laryngology]. The anatomy, physi-
ology, and pathology of the ear, nose, and throat.

otorrhagia (o-tor-a'-je-ah) [oto-; fayvvvai, to burst
forth]. A discharge of blood from the external audi-
tory meatus.

otorrhea, otorrhoea (o-tor-e'-ah) [oto-; fata, a flow].
A discharge from the external auditory meatus.

otosalpinx ip-to-sal' -pinks) [oto-; a&Kinyt, tube].
The Eustachian tube.

otoscleronectomy (o-to-skle-ro-nek'-to-me) [oto-;
ovcXijpos, hard; kKTo\ii), excision]. Surgical removal of
sclerosed and ankylosed conductors of sound in
chronic otitis media.

otosclerosis (o-to-skle-ro'-sis) [oto-; o-kXtjpos, hard].
Sclerosis of the tissues of the labyrinth and middle
ear.

otoscope (p'-to-skop) [oto-; vKoirelv, to examine].
An instrument for examining the ear, especially a
rubber tube, one extremity of which is inserted into
the ear of the subject, and the other extremity into
the ear of the examiner, a current of air being passed
by means of a Politzer bag and a Eustachian catheter
through the middle ear. In case of tympanic
perforation the rushing sound made by the passing
air is audible to the examiner.

otoscopic (p-to-skop' -ik) [oto-; aKoirelv, to view].
Pertaining to otoscopy.

otoscopy (o-tos'-ko-pe) [see otoscope]. Examination
of the ear, especially by means of the otoscope.

otosis (o-to'-sis) [oto-]. A mishearing; a false
impression as to sounds or words heard.

otosteal ifl-tos'-te-al) [see otosteon]. Pertaining to
the bones of the ear.

otosteon (o-tos'-te-ori) [oto-; bcrrkov, bone]. i< An
auditory ossicle, or ear-bone. 2. An otolith.

otostylic (o-to-sti'-lik) [oto-; arvXos, pillar]. Re-
lating to the ear and to the styloid process.

ototomy {p-tot'-o-me) [oto-; row, a cutting]. Dis-
section of the ear.

ottar, otto (ot'-ar, ot'-o). See attar.

O. U. An abbreviation for oculus uterque, Latin
for each eye.

ouabain (oo-ah'-ba-in), C30H46O12. A poisonous
glucoside from the wood of Carissa schimperi and of
Acocanthera venenata. Introduced into the stomach
it is nonpoisonous, but injected into the blood it is
extremely virulent. It is a depressant to the heart
and the respiration. As a local anesthetic it has ten
times the power of cocaine. It has been recom-
mended for whooping-cough in doses of TTJ\nr gr.
(0.000065 Gm.), repeated with caution.

oulachon {oo'-lak-on). See eulachon.

oulitis (oo-li'-tis). See ulitis.

ouloid (oo'-loid) [ov\ri, scar; el8os, like]. Re-
sembling a scar. Also, a form of cicatrix charac-
teristic of lupus, elephantiasis, and syphilis.

oulorrhagia (oo-lor-a'-je-ah) [ov\ov, gum; fayvwai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the gums.

ounce (ouns) [uncia, a contraction of undecia, a
twelfth part]. A unit of measure of weight, o.,
avoirdupois, the sixteenth part of the avoirdupois
pound, or 437-5 gr. (31.1 Gm.). o., troy, the twelfth
part of the troy pound, or 480 gr. (31.08 Gm.).

ourari (oo-rah'-re). Same as curare.

ouro- (00-ro-). See uro-.

ourology (oo-rol'-o-je) [olpov, urine; Xdyos, science].
The science of the nature and secretion of urine.

ouroscopy {oo-ros'-ko-pe). See uroscopy.

-ous. ' A suffix which denotes the lower of two
degrees of valency assumed by an element and
incidentally indicates, in many cases, a small amount
of oxygen.

outlet. 1. The lower aperture of the pelvic
canal. 2. The passage that removes the air from a
room in ventilation, o. of pelvis. See outlet (1).

outpatient (out'-pa-shent). A hospital patient
who is not treated in the wards of the institution.

ova (o'-vah) [L.]. Plural of ovum, an egg.

ovadin (p'-vad-in). A proprietary preparation of
the ovaries of animals containing iodine.

oval (o'-val) [ovum]. 1. Egg-shaped. 2. Pertain-
ing to an ovum.

ovalbumin (o-val-bu'-min) [ovum; albumen]. The
albumin of the egg.

ovaraden (o-var-ad'-en). An organo therapeutic
preparation from the ovaries of animals; used as a
nervine. Dose 45-90 gr. (3-6 Gm.) daily.

OVARALGIA

641

OVOMUCIN

ovaralgia (o-var-al'-je-ah). See ovarialgia.

ovarialgia {o-va-re-al'-je-ah) [ovary; &\yos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the ovary.

ovarian (o-va'-re-an) [ovary]. Pertaining to the
ovaries.

ovariectomy (o-va-re-ek'-to-me) [ovary; Iktout),
excision]. Excision of an ovary; oophorectomy.

ovariin (o-var'-e-in). An organotherapeutic prep-
aration from the ovaries of cows; used in ovarian
disorders. Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.6 Gm.) 3 times
daily in pills.

ovarin {o'-var-in). The sterilized extract of the
ovaries of the pig; used in diseases of women, sterility,
etc.

ovario- (o-va-re-o-) [ovarium, ovary]. A prefix
denoting relation to the ovary.

ovariocele (o-va'-re-o-sel) [ovario-; k^Xj/, tumor].
Tumor of the ovary; hernia of an ovary. 0., vaginal,
invasion of the vaginal wall by one or both ovaries.

ovariocentesis (o-va-re-o-sen-te'-sis) [ovario-; Kkv-rq-
<ris, puncture]. Puncture of the ovary or Of an ovari-
an cyst.

ovariocyesis (o-va-re-o-si-e'-sis) [ovario-; K\rr\ats,
pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy.

ovariodysneuria (o-va-re-o-dis-nu'-re-ah) [ovario-;
Svs, painful; vevpov, nerve]. Ovarian neuralgia.

ovarioepilepsy (o-va-re-o-ep'-il-ep-se). See hystero-
epilepsy.

ovariohysterectomy {o-va-re-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [ova-
rio-; varepa, womb; licTop.fi, excision]. Surgical re-
moval of the ovaries and uterus.

ovarioncus (o-va-re-ong'-kus) [ovario-; 07 kos, tu-
mor]. An ovarian tumor.

ovariorrhexis (o-va-re-or-eks'-is) [ovario-; pyt-is,
rupture]. Rupture of an ovary.

ovariosalpingectomy (o-va-re-o-sal-pin-jek'-to-me) .
See oophorosalpingectomy.

ovariosteresis (o-va-re-o-ster-e'-sis) [ovario-; o-rkpt]-
<m, deprivation]. Extirpation of an ovary.

ovariostomy (o-va-re-os'-to-me). See oophorostomy.

ovariotomist (o-va-re-ot'-o-mist) [see ovariotomy].
One who performs ovariotomy.

ovariotomy (o-va-re-ot'-o-me) [ovario-; ropA\, a
cutting]. Literally, incision of an ovary. As
generally used, removal of an ovary; oophorectomy.
o., normal, the removal of an ovary that is free
from disease. Syn., Battey's operation.

ovariotubal {o-va-re-o-tu'-bal) [ovario-; tuba,
tube]. Pertaining to the ovary and the oviduct.

ovaritis (o-var-i'-tis) . See oophoritis.

ovarium (o-va'-re-um) [L., ovary: pi., ovaria].
An ovary or oophoron.

ovary (o'-var-e) [ovarium, an egg-holder, from
ovum, egg]. One of a pair of glandular organs giving
rise to ova. It consists of a fibrous framewoik
or stroma, in which are embedded the Graafian
follicles, and is surrounded by a serous covering
derived from the peritoneum.

ovaserum (o-va-se'-rum). The serum of an animal
which has acquired specific precipitating action by
the inoculation of egg-albumen; it may be used as a
test for egg-albumen.

overbite. Lack of coaptation of upper and lower
teeth.

overcrowding. The dwelling together of too
many persons in a locality, house, or apartment,
with the consequent failure in sanitary and hygienic
arrangements, whence result conditions favorable to
the development and spread of certain diseases.

overeat. To surfeit with eating.

overextension. Excessive extension; extension
beyond the normal point or line.

overfeed. To feed to excess.

overflow (o'-ver-flo). A continuous escape of
liquid.

overtone. A harmonic tone heard above the funda-
mental tone.

overgrown. Grown too large.

overlaid. Said of a child suffocated by the parent
lying on it.

overlying of children. A frequent cause of death
in infants from suffocation from one of the parents
lying upon the child while in an intoxicated condition
or intentionally.

overmaximal. Beyond the normal maximum, as
the over-maximal contraction of a muscle.

overpressure. Applied chiefly to the school-
system that forces too long and continuous periods
of study upon the pupils, with consequent unhealthy
conditions of mind and body.
22

overreach. To strike the toe of the hind-foot
against the heel or shoe of the fore-foot; said of a
horse.

overriding (o-ver-ri'-ding). The slipping of an
end of a fractured bone over the other fragment.

oversight. See hypermetropia.

overstrain. To strain to excess; a condition
resulting from exhausting effort.

overtoe. A variety of hallux varus in which the
great toe overlies its fellows.

overtone. A harmonic tone heard above the fun-
damental tone.

overtones. The notes represented by the vibrating
subdivisions of a string; harmonics.

overwork, mental. See parathymia.

ovi- [ovum]. A prefix denoting relating to the
ovum.

ovicapsule (o-vik-ap'-sill) [ovi-; capsula, capsule].
An egg-case, ovisac, or Graafian follicle.

ovicell (o' -vis-el) [ovi-; cella, a cell]. An un-
impregnated ovum.

oviducal, oviducent (o-vid-u'-kal, o-ve-du'-sent)
[ovi-; ducere, to lead]. Pertaining to the oviduct, or
its functions.

oviduct (o'-vid-ukt) [ovi-; ductus, a canal]. The
Fallopian tube; a small tube upon each side of the
uterus, through which the ovule passes to the uterus.

oviferous (o-vif'-er-us) [ovi-; ferre, to bear]. Pro-
ducing or bearing ova.

ovification (o-vif-ik-a'-shun) [see oviferous]. The
production of ova.

oviform (o'-vif-orm) [ovi-; forma, form]. Egg-
shaped; oval.

ovigenous (o-vij'-en-us) [ovi-; yevys, producing].
Producing ova, as an ovary, o. layer, the outer
layer of the ovary, in which the ovisacs containing
the ova are situated.

ovigerm (o'-vij-erm) [ovi-; germen, sprout; bud].
A cell producing or developing into an ovum.

ovigerous (o-vij'-er-us) [ovi-; gerere, to carry].
Producing or carrying ova.

ovination {o-vin-a'-shun) [ovis, a sheep]. Inocula-
tion with the virus of sheep-pox.

oviparous (o-vip'-ar-us) [ovi-; par ere, to bring
forth]. Laying eggs; bringing forth young in the
egg-stage of development.

oviposit (o-vip-oz'-it) [ovi-; ponere, to place].
To lay or deposit eggs, especially with an ovipositor,
as an insect.

oviposition (o-vip-o-zish'-un) [ovi-; ponere, to place].
The act of laying or depositing eggs by the females of
oviparous animals.

ovipositor (o-vip-oz'-it-or) [ovi-; positor, placer].
An organ, common among insects, composed of
several modified rings of somites, forming the end of
the abdomen, and employed in depositing the eggs
in places fit for development.

oviprotogen (o-vi-pro'-to-jen). A proprietary
dietetic, said to be a methylene compound of al-
bumin, given in milk to infants, and used hypo-
dermatically also.

ovis (o'-vis) [L.]. Sheep.

ovisac (o'-vis-ak) [ovi-; saccus, sac]. The capsule
of an ovum; a Graafian follicle.

oviscapt (o'-vis-kapt) [ovi-; aKawreip, to dig].
.Same as ovipositor.

ovi vitellus (o'-vi vi-tel'-lus). Latin for yolk of egg;
used in pharmacy as an emulsifying agent.

ovo-. The same as ovi-.

ovoblast (o'-vo-blast) [ovo-; fiXco-ros, germ]. The
primordial ovum.

ovocenter {o'-vo-sen-ter) [ovo-; center]. The centro-
some of the ovarian egg during fertilization.

ovocyte (o'-vo-stt). The same as oocyte.

ovoferrin {o-vo-fer'-in). Trade name of a prepara-
tion of organic iron.

ovogal (o'-vo-gal). Trade name of a proprietary
cholagogue.

ovogenesis (o-vo-jen'-es-is) [ovo-; ykvecns, genesis].
The process of the development or production of
the ovum.

ovoglobulin (o-vo-glob'-u-lin) [ovo-; globulin]. The
globulin of white of egg.

ovogonium. See oogonium.

ovoid (o'-void) [ovo-; e!5os, like]. Egg-shaped.
o., fetal, the fetal ellipse, or the ellipse formed by
the bending of the fetal body in the uterus.

ovolecithin (o-vo-les'-ith-in). See lecithin.

ovomucin (o-vo-mu'-sin). A glycoproteid com-
posing about 7 % of the proteid matter of egg-white.

OVOMUCOID

642

OXYGEN

ovomucoid (o-vo-mu'-koid). A glycoproteid ob-
tained from white of egg.

ovoplasm (o'-vo-plazm) [ovo-; plasm]. The proto-
plasm of the unimpregnated ovum or ovicell.

ovos (o'-vos). A proprietary substitute for meat-
extract, prepared from yeast.

ovovitellin (o-vo-vit-el'-in). A protein contained in
yolk of egg; a white, granular substance, soluble in
dilute acids, alkalies, and a 10 % solution of common
salt.

ovoviviparous (o-vo-vi-vip'-ar-us) [ovo-; viviparus,
bringing forth alive]. Reproducing by means of
eggs hatched within the body.

ovula (o'-vil-lah) [L.]. Plural of ovulum. o. of
Naboth. See ovule.

ovular (o'-vu-lar) [ubv, ovum, egg]. Relating to
an ovule or ovum.

ovulation {ov-u-la'-shun) [ovulum, dim. of ovum].
The maturation and escape of the ovum.

ovule {ov'-ul) [ovum], i. The ovum before its
escape from the Graafian vesicle. 2. A small egg;
especially a small, egg-like body, as the ovule of
Naboth, one of the small cysts resulting from ob-
struction of the ducts of the glands of the cervix
uteri, o., migration of, the transfer of the ovule
from the ovary to the oviduct.

ovulum {o'-vu-lum) [L.: pi., ovula]. An ovule.
See ovule.

ovum (o'-vum) [L., "an egg": pi., ova]. The re-
productive cell of an animal or vegetable; an egg. A
human ovum is a cell consisting of a large amount of
protoplasm (vitellus) and a large spherical nucleus, the
germinal vesicle, within which is a bright spot, the
nucleolus, or germinal spot. It is surrounded by an
inner zone, the zona pellucida, and an outer, the
vitelline membrane, o., alecithal, one in which the
food-yolk is entirely absent or present only in very
small quantity. 0., apoplectic, one the seat of a
hemorrhagic extravasation, o., blighted, an im-
pregnated ovum the development of which has been
arrested by disease or by hemorrhage into the chorion
or amniotic cavity, o., centrolecithal, one in which
the formative yolk is arranged in a regular layer
around the whole ovum, as well as in a mass at the
center in which lies the germinal vesicle, o., holo-
blastic, one in which the food-yolk is scant and more
or less thoroughly intermingled with the formative
yolk, and in which germination is accompanied by a
practically uniform segmentation, o., meroblastic,
an ovum with a large amount of food-yolk that takes
no active part in the development of the embryo.
o., permanent, a fully developed ovum ready for
fertilization, o., telolecithal, one in which the food-
yolk and the formative yolk divide the egg into
two hemispheres, or in which the quantity of the
nutritive yolk is greatly in excess.

oxacid (oks'-as-id). See oxyacid.

oxalate (oks'-al-at) [oxalis]. A salt of oxalic acid.

oxalemia, oxalaemia (oks-al-e'-me-ah) [6£aX«, sorrel;
alfia, blood]. Excess of the oxalates, or of oxalic acid,
in the blood.

oxalethylin (oks-al-eth'-il-in) C6H10N2. An oily
liquid boiling at 2130 C. It is soluble in water, in
chloroform, and in alcohol, is poisonous, and stimulant
to the cardiac centers.

oxalic acid (oks-al'-ik). See acid, oxalic.

oxalism (oks'-al-izm). Poisoning by oxalic acid
or potassium binoxalate. It is characterized by
gastroenteritis with nephritis, collapse, cyanosis,
mydriasis, labored breathing and dyspnea.

oxalium (oks-a'-le-um). Potassium binoxalate.

oxaluria (oks-al-u'-re-ah) [oxalis; ovpov, urine].
The presence of an excessive amount of calcium
oxalate in the urine.

oxalylurea (oks-a-lil-u-re'-ah) [oxalic; urea]. Para-
banic acid, a substance produced by oxidizing uric
acid or alloxan with nitric acid.

oxaphor (oks'-a-for). A 50 % alcoholic solution of
oxycamphor; used in dyspnea. Dose 15 min. (1 Cc.)
2 or 3 times daily.

oxatyl (oks'-at-il). See carboxyl.

oxhydryl (oks-hi'-dril). Same as hydroxyl.

oxide, oxid (oks'-ld, or oks'-id) [6£ijs, sharp]. A
binary compound of oxygen and another element or
radical, o., acid, an oxide which produces an acid
when combined with water; an anhydride, o., basic,
an oxide which produces a base when combined with
water, o., indifferent, o., neutral, an oxide which
is neither acid nor basic, o., saline, (1) same as

o., indifferent or neutral; (2) an oxide which is formed
by the union of an acid and a basic oxide.

oxidant (oks'-id-ant) [oxide]. An oxidizing agent.

oxidase (oks'-id-as). The inherent substance of
the living cell-nucleus that possesses the power of
setting free active oxygen. Columnar epithelium
and glandular tissue are rich in oxidase.

oxidation (oks-id-a'-shun) [oxide]. The act or
process of combining with oxygen.

oxidize (oks'-i-diz). To combine or to cause to
combine with oxygen.

oximes (pks'-lmz). A series of chemical compounds
for the most part the product of the action of hy-
droxy lamine upon aldehydes and ketones.

oxols (pks'-olz). A collective name for antiseptic
fluid mixtures of a 3 % solution of hydrogen dioxide,
32 to 38 % alcohol, and 1 % naphthol, menthol, or
other substance. Cf . camphoroxol ; menthoxol ; naph-
thoxol.

oxolyin (oks-ol'-e-in) [6£vs, sharp; \veiv, to dis-
solve]. According to Le Conte, that one of two
substances contained in globulin, casein, albumin,
and fibrin which dissolves in glacial acetic acid.
Cf. anoxoluin.

oxy- (oks-e-) [6£vs, sour; sharp]. 1. A prefix
denoting sharp or acid. 2. A prefix denoting com-
bined with oxygen.

oxyacanthine (oks-e-ak-an'-then) [oxy-; a.Kav9a,
spine], C32H28NO11 (?). An alkaloid of barberry,
occurring in small quantities.

oxyacid (oks'-e-as-id). Any acid containing oxy-
gen.

oxyacusis (oks-e-ak-u'-sis). Synonym of hyper-
acusis.

oxyesthesia (oks-e-es-the'-ze-ah). See oxyesthesia.

oxyakoia, oxyacoa (oks-e-a-koi'-ah, oks-e-a-ko' -ah)
oxy- ; &Kori, hearing]. Increased acuteness of hearing.

oxyaphia (pks-e-a'-je-ah) [d£vs, acute; a<f>-h, touch].
Abnormal acuteness of the sense of touch.

oxyarteritis (oks-e-ar-ter-i'-tis) [oxy-; arteritis].
An acute arteritis.

oxyarthritis (oks-e-ar-thri'-tis) [oxy-; arthritis].
An acute arthritis.

oxyblepsia (oks-e-blep'-se-ah) [oxy-; fikkireiv, to see].
Acuteness of vision.

oxybolia (oks-e-bo'-le-ah) [6£vs, quick; £0X17 , a
throw]. Premature ejaculation of semen.

oxybromide (oks-e-bro'-mid). A compound of an
element or radical with oxygen and bromine.

oxybutyric acid {oks-e-bu-tir'-ik) [oxy-; butyrum,
butter], C4H8O3. A fatty acid found in the urine in
certain fevers and in diabetes. Its presence in the
body in diabetes, simultaneously with that of diacetic
acid, is supposed to be the cause of diabetic coma.

oxycamphor (oks-e-kam'-for), CioHisO(OH). An
oxidation-product of camphor. It is used in dyspnea.
Dose 8-16 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily.

oxycephalia {oks-is-ef-a' -le-ah) [oxy-; Ke4>a\rj, head].
The character of a skull that is high and pointed;
hypsicephaly.

oxycephalus (oks-is-ef'-al-us). See oxycephalia.

oxycephaly (oks-is-ef'-al-e). See oxycephalia.

oxychinaseptol (oks-e-kin-ah-sep' -tol) . See diaph-
therin.

oxychinolin (oks-e-kin'-o-lin). See oxyquinolin.

oxychloride (oks-e-klo'-rid) [oxy-; xXcopos, green].
A compound of a basic element or radical with both
oxygen and chlorine.

oxy chromatin (oks-e-kro' -mat-in). That part of
the chromatin having an affinity for acid dyes.

oxycinesis (oks-is-in-e'-sis) . Same as acrocinesis.

oxydases (oks'-e-da-ses). See ferment, oxidation,
and oxidase.

oxydendron (oks-e-den'-dron) [oxy-; bkvbpov, tree].
The leaves of the sorrel tree, Oxydendrum arbor eum;
used in ascites and disturbed portal circulation.

oxydol (oks'-ed-ol). A solution of hydrogen
dioxide.

oxydum (oks'-id-um). See oxide.

oxyecoia (oks-e-e-koi'-ah). Synonym of oxyakoia.

oxyencephalitis (oks-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [oxy-; iyn&p-
aXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Acute enceph-
alitis.

oxy endocarditis (oks-e-en-do-kar-di'-tis) [oxy- ; endo-
carditis]. Acute endocarditis.

oxyesthesia {oks-e-es-the'-ze-ah) [oxy-; al^drjais,
sensation]. A condition of increased acuity of sensi-
bility.

oxygen (oks'-ij-en) [6£i>$, acid; yewav, to produce].
A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, one of the non-

OXYGENATED

643

OZOSTOMIA

metallic elements, having an atomic weight of 16.00;
quantivalence II; symbol O, and constituting one-
fifth of the atmosphere, eight-ninths of water, three-
fourths of organized bodies, and about one-half the
crust of the globe; it supports combustion, and is
essential to the respiration of animals and plants.
It combines with most elements, its combination
with the nonmetallic substances giving rise to acids
{oxyacids). It has been employed by inhalation in
the treatment of pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis,
grave anemias, asphyxia, and poisoning by opium.
o.-carrier, a katalytic substance capable of absorbing
molecules of oxygen and then of splitting these to
give off atomic oxygen; the nucleoproteids are the
oxygen-carriers of living matter.

oxygenated (oks' -e-jen-a-ted) [oxygen]. Containing
or impregnated with oxygen.

oxygenation {oks-ij-en-a'-shun) [oxy-; yewav, to
produce]. The saturation of a substance with oxy-
gen, either by chemical combination or by mixture.

oxygeusia {oks-ig-W -se-ah) [oxy-; -yeOa-is, taste].
Marked acuteness of the sense of taste.
* oxyhaloid {oks-e-hal'-oid) [oxy-; haloid]. A com-
pound of an element or radical with oxygen and a
halogen.

oxyhematoporphyrin, oxyhaematoporphyrin {oks-e-
hem-at-o-por' -fir-iri) . A peculiar substance found in
urine and closely allied to urohematoporphyrin, but
producing a red instead of an orange color.

oxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin {oks-e-hem-o-glo' -
bin) [oxygen; hemoglobin]. Oxidized hemoglobin; that
found in arterial blood.

oxyhydrogen (oks-e-hi'-dro-jen) [oxy-; hydrogen].
A mixture, in gaseous form of oxygen and hydrogen.
o. blowpipe, a blowpipe in which the heat is obtained
by the combustion of a mixture of oxygen and hydro-
gen. The heat produced is intense.

oxyiodide {oks-e-i'-o-did) [oxy-; iodine]. A salt
formed by the combination of an element with both
oxygen and iodine.

oxyleukotin {oks-il-u'-ko-tin) [oxy-; \&jk6s, white],
C34H32O12. A substance found in paracotobark.

oxymel (oks'-im-el) [oxy-; p.k\i, honey]. 1. A
mixture of honey and vinegar or dilute acetic acid.
2. Any preparation containing honey and vinegar
(or acetic acid) as a vehicle, as oxymel of squill.

oxymethylene {oks-e-meth' -il-en) . Formaldehyde.

oxynetirine {oks-in-u'-ren). See betaine.

oxyntic (oks-in'-tik) [6£6s, acid]. Secreting acid.
0. cells, cells of the fundus glands of stomach, sup-
posed to* secrete hydrochloric acid. o. gland, any
acid-secreting gland.

oxyntin (oks-in' -tin) . Trade name of a preparation
said to contain 5 per cent, of hydrochloric acid in
combination with albumin.

oxyopia (oks-e-o'-pe-ah) [oxy-; ib\J/, eye]. Increased
acuity of vision.

oxyosphrasia (oks-e-os-fra'-ze-ah). Same as oxy-
osphresia.

oxyosphresia (oks-e-os-fre'-ze-ah) [oxy-; bo-<j>pt]ais,
smell]. Marked or abnormal acuteness of smell.

oxypathy {oks-ip' -ath-e) [oxy-; ttoBos, suffering].
A constitutional condition due to faulty elimination
of unoxidized acids which unite with fixed alkalies of
the body. Cf. arthrilism, lithemia.

oxyphenylethylamine {oks-e-fen-il-eth-il'-am-in) .
A product of pancreatic digestion.

oxyphenylsulphonic acid test for albumin. Make
a solution of 3 parts of oxyphenylsulphonic acid, 1
part salicylsulphonic acid, water 20 parts. To 1
drop of this add 1 Cc. of urine, and in the presence of
albumin a white, transparent precipitate will be
formed.

oxyphil, oxyphile {oks'-if-il) [oxy-; <j>L\os, loving].
Histological elements that attract acid dyes.

oxyphonia {oks-if-o' -ne-ah) [oxy-; <f>wvi), voice].
Shrillness of voice.

oxypodia {oks-e-po' -de-ah) . See talipes equinus.

oxypropylenediisoamylamine (oks-e-pro-pil- en-di-
is-o-am-il' -am-in) . A synthetic alkaloid occurring
as a clear fluid, soluble in alcohol, ether, or oils,
insoluble in water, with action similar to atropine.

oxypurin {oks-e-pu'-rin). Any compound derived
from purin by the addition of one or more atoms of
oxygen.

oxyquinaseptol {oks-e-kwin-ah-sep'-tol). Same as
diaphtherin.

oxyquinolin {oks-e-kwin' -o-lin) , C9H7NO. A com-
pound prepared by digesting quinolin with a bleaching
lime-solution. Syn., carbostyril.

oxyregmia {oks-ir-eg' -me-ah) [oxy-; ipvyfios, eruc-
tation]. Acid eructation.

oxyrhine {oks'-ir-in) [oxy-; pis, nose]. Possessing
a sharp-pointed nose, or snout; having an acute
olfactory sense.

oxysalt {oks'-e-sawlt) [oxy-; salt], A salt of an
oxyacid.

oxysepsin {oks-e-sep'-sin). An oxidized toxin pre-
pared from cultures of Bacillus tuberculosis.

oxysparteine {oks-e-spar' -te-in) [oxy-; spartein].
A derivative of sparteine; it is a cardiac stimulant.
o. hydrochloride, C15H24N2O . 2HCI, is used hypo-
dermatically in heart disease. Dose f-i§ gr. (0.05-
0.1 Gm.).

oxyspore (oks'-e-spor). See exotospore.

oxytocic (oks-e-tos'-ik) [oxy-; tokos, labor]. 1.
Hastening parturition. 2. A drug that hastens
parturition.

oxytoxin {oks-e-toks'-in). An oxidized toxin.

oxytuberculin {oks-e-tu-ber' -ku-lin) . An oxidized
tuberculin. Dose 5 dr. (20 Cc.) daily.

oxyuricide {oks-e-u' -ris-id) [oxyuris; ccedere, to
kill]. Any anthelmintic that is destructive to worms
of the genus Oxyuris, or pinworms.

oxyurid {oks-e-u' -rid) . A pinworm; see Oxyuris
vermicularis.

Oxyuris {oks-e-u' -ris) [oxy-; ovpd, tail]. A genus
of nematode worms — the pinworms. O. vermicu-
laris, the common seatworm or pinworm infesting the
• rectum of children.

oxyvaseline {oks-e-vas' -el-en). Vasogen.

oxyzymol {oks-e-zi' -mol) . See carvacrol.

oz. Abbreviation for ounce.

ozalin {o'-za-lin). A proprietary disinfectant con-
sisting of a mixture of sulphates of calcium, mag-
nesium, and iron with caustic soda and magnesia.

ozena, ozcena {o-ze'-nah) [o^eiv, to smell]. Chronic
disease of the nose accompanied by a fetid discharge,
and depending on atrophic rhinitis, syphilitic ulcera-
tion, or caries.

ozocerite, ozokerite {o-zo-se'-rit, o-zo-ke'-rit) [6f«v,
to smell; Ktjpos, wax]. A solid paraffin found free in
Galicia and Rumania, and used in diseases of the skin.

ozochrotia {o-zo-kro' -she-ah) [6£etp, to smell; xp&s,
skin]. An offensive odor of the skin.

ozochrotous {o-zok'-ro-tus) [6^77, stench; xp<«*.
skin]. Having a bad-smelling skin.

ozomulsion {o-zo-muV -shun) . Trade name of a
preparation of ozonized cod-liver oil and guaiacol:
recommended in tuberculosis and other wasting

ozonator {o'-zo-na-tor). An apparatus for gener-
ating ozone.

ozone {o'-zone) [o^eiv, to smell]. An allotropic
form of oxygen, the molecule of which consists of
three atoms. It occurs free in the atmosphere, and
is a powerful oxidizing agent. In medicine it is
employed as a disinfectant.

ozonization {o-zo-niz-a' -shun) [ozone]. The act of
ozonizing, or of impregnating with ozone.

ozonized {o'-zo-ntzd) [ozone]. Containing ozone.

ozonoform {o-zo' -no-form). A proprietary disin-
fectant said to consist of ozone and a distillate of
the fir tree.

ozonometer {o-zo-nom' -et-er) [ozone; ukrpov, mea-
sure]. A device for use in estimating the proportion
of ozone in the atmosphere.

ozonometry {o-zo-nom' -et-re) [ozone; fiirpov, mea-
sure]. The estimation of the amount of ozone in the
atmosphere.

ozonophore {o-zo' -no- for) [ozone; <pkpeiv, to bear].
1. A granule of cell-protoplasm. 2. A red blood-
corpuscle.

ozonoscope {o-zo'-no-skop) [ozone; a-Koirelp, to
view]. A test-paper saturated with starch and
iodine used in determining the amount of ozone in
the air.

ozostomia {o-zo-sto' -me-ah) [ofeu/, to smell; vrona,
mouth]. A foul odor from the mouth or on the
breath.

P. i. The chemical symbol for phosphorus.
2. An abbreviation for pharmacopeia, position and
punctum proximum (near-point).

p. An abbreviation for para.

pabular (pab'-u-lar) [pabulum, food]. Of, per-
taining to, or of the nature of, pabulum.

pabulin (pab'-u-lin) [pabulum, food]. An al-
buminous and fatty substance present in the blood
immediately after the process of digestion.

pabulum (pab'-u-lum) [L.]. Food; anything
nutritive.

Pacchionian bodies, P. glands (pak-e-o'-ne-an)
[Antonio Pacchioni, Italian anatomist, 1665-1726].
Hypertrophied villi of the arachnoid, occupying the
convex surface of the meninges, chiefly along the
superior longitudinal sinus and over the convexity
of the cerebrum. P. depressions, the depressions
produced by the Pacchionian bodies on the inner
surface of the skull. P. foramen, the opening in the
tentorium for the passage of the encephalic isthmus.

pachemia, pachsemia (pak-e'-me-ah). Synonym of
pachyemia.

pachismus (pak-iz'-mus) [pachy-]. Thickening;
induration.

pachometer (pak-om'-et-ur) [pachy-; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument made in various forms for
measuring the thickness of a body.

pachulosis (pak-ii-lo'-sis). See pachylosis.

pachy- (pak-e-) [iraxvs, thick]. A prefix meaning
thick.

pachyacria (pak-e-ak'-re-ah) [pachy-; anpos, ex-
tremity]. Synonym of akromegaly.

pachyaemia (pak-e-e'-me-ah). See pachyemia.

pachyblepharon (pak-e-blef'-a-ron) [pachy-; fi\k<pa-
pov, the eyelid]. Thickening of the eyelids.

pachyblepharosis (pak-e-blef-ar-o'-sis) [pachy-;
fi\tcj>a.pov, eyelid]. Chronic thickening and induration
of the eyelids.

pachycephalia (pak-e-sef-a'-le-ah). See pachy -
cephaly.

pachycephalic (pak-e-sef-al'-ik) [pachy-; Ke<f>a\ri,
head]. Having unusual thickness of the skull.

pachycephalous (pak-e-sef'-al-us) [pachy-; Kt<j>akr),
head]. One having a thick skull from union of the
parietal and occipital bones.

pachycephaly (pak-e-sef'-al-e) [pachy-; ne<pa\ii,
head]. Abnormal thickness of the skull.

pachychilia (pak-e-ki' -le-ah) [pachy-; x«Xos, lip].
Increased thickness of one or both lips.

pachycholia (pak-e-ko' -le-ah) [pachy-; x^M. bile].
An inspissated condition of the bile.

pachychymia (pak-e-ki' -me-ah) [pachy-; xvpos,
juice]. Increased concentration of the fluids of the
body.

pachydactyl (pak-e-dak'-lil) [pachy-; SoktvXos,
finger]. A thick digit.

pachydactylia (pak-e-dak-tiV -e-ah) [pachy-; SoktvXos,
a finger]. A condition characterized by great thick-
ness of the fingers.

pachydactylous (pak-e-dak'-til-us) [pachy-; SoktvXos,
finger]. Having thick fingers.

pachyderm (pak'-e-derm) [pachy-; depfia, skin].
Thick-skinned.

pachyderma, pachydermia (pak-e-der'-mah, pak-e-
der'-me-ah) [pachy-; 8epp.a, skin]. 1. Thickening of
the skin. 2. Elephantiasis, p. laryngis, extensive
thickening of the mucous membrane of the larynx.

pachydermatocele (pak-e-der-mat'-o-sel) [pachy-;
dermatocele]. A tumor due to thickening of the skin.

pachydermatosis (pak-e-der-mat-o'-sis) [pachy-;
dermatosis]. Hypertrophic rosacea.

pachydermatous (pak-e-der'-mat-us) [pachyderma].
Thick-skinned.

pachyemia, pachyasmia (pak-e-e'-me-ah) [pachy-;
alua, blood]. Abnormal or morbid thickening of
the blood.

pachyemic, pachyemous. Having thick blood.

pachygastrous {pak-e-gas'-trus) [pachy-; yao-Trjp,
the belly]. Having a large abdomen.

pachyglossal, pachyglossate (pak-e-glos'-al, pak-e-
glos'-at) [pachy-; yXaao-a, tongue]. Having a thick
tongue.

pachygnathous (pak-ig'-na-thus) [pachy-; yvados,
jaw]. Having thick or heavy jaws.

pachyhymenia (pak-e-hi-me'-ne-ah). See pachy-
menia.

pachyleptomeningitis (pak-e-lep-to-men-in-ji'-tis)
[pachy-; leptomeningitis]. Combined inflammation
of the pia and dura.

pachylosis (pak-e-lo'-sis) [iraxvs, thick]. A con-
dition of the skin, especially of the legs, in which
it is thick, dry, harsh, and scaly.

pachymenia (pak-e-me'-ne-ah) [pachy-; vp.rjv, a
membrane]. Thickening of the skin or of a mem-
brane. ,'

pachymenic (pak-e-men'-ik) [pachy-; bpfiPj mem-
brane]. Affected with pachymenia*.

pachymeningitic (pak-e-men-in-jit'-ik). Affected
with, or pertaining to, pachymeningitis.

pachymeningitis (pak-e-men-in-ji'-tis) [pachy- ; men-
ingitis]. Inflammation of the dura of the brain
(cerebral pachymeningitis) or the spinal cord (spinal
pachymeningitis). p. cervicalis hypertrophica, a
form of primary inflammation of the spinal dura
producing pain and partial paralysis of one arm.
p., external, that affecting the external layer of the
dura, p., hemorrhagic, p. hemorrhagica interna,
an effusion of blood on the inner surface of the dura.
p., internal, that involving the internal layer of the
dura, p., syphilitic, that due to syphilis.

pachymeninx (pak-e-me' -ninks) [pachy-; fiijviy^,
membrane]. The dura.

pachymeter (pak-im'-et-er) [pachy-; p-erpov, mea-
sure]. An instrument for measuring small thick-
nesses. *

pachynsis (pak-in'-sis) [7raxw<ris, thickening].
A thickening, as of a membrane.

pachyntic (pak-in'-tik) [ttoxvvtikos, making thick].
Pertaining to an abnormal thickening or hardening
of a part; increasing the thickness.

pachyote (pak'-e-6t) [pachy-; ovs, ear]. Having
thick ears.

pachyotous (pak-e-o'-tus) [pachy-; ovs, the ear].
Having thick ears.

pachypelviperitonitis (pak-e-pel-ve-per-it-on-i'-tis)
[pachy-; pelvis; peritonitis]. Pelvic peritonitis with
a fibrous deposit over the uterus.

pachyperitonitis (pak-e-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pachy- ;
peritonitis]. An inflammation of the peritoneum
characterized by thickening of the membrane.

pachypleuritis (pak-e-plu-ri'-tis) [pachy-; pleura;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pleura,
with a fibrinous deposit.

pachypodous, paehypous (pak-ip'-o-dus, pak'-ip-us)
[pachy-; vovs, foot]. Having very thick feet.

pachysalpingitis (pak-e-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Chronic
parenchymatous salpingitis.

pachysalpingo-oothecitis (pak-e-sal-ping-go-o-o-
thes-i' -tis) . Same as pachy salpingo-ovaritis.

pachysalpingo-ovaritis (pak-e-sal-ping-go-o-var-i'-
tis). Inflammation of the ovary and oviduct with
thickening of the parts.

pachysomia (pak-e-so'-me-ah) [pachy- ; a'2p.a, body].
Abnormal growth in thickness of the soft parts of the
body, as in akromegaly.

pachytes (pak'-it-ez) ■ [pachy-]. Thickness; pachy-
blepharon.

pachytic (pak-it'-ik) [iraxvTtis, thickness]. Fat;
thick; obese; also having the power of thickening
the fluids of the body.

pachytrichous (pak-it'-rik-us) [pachy-; Opt!-, the
hair]. Furnished with thick hair.

pachyvaginalitis (pak-e-vaj-in-al-i'-tis) [pachy- ;
vagina; ins, inflammation]. Hemorrhagic inflam-

PACINI'S FLUID

645

PALATINE

mation of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle, leading
to hematocele.

Pacini's fluid (pah-tshe'-ne). A conserving and
diluting fluid used in counting the red blood-cor-
puscles: Corrosive sublimate, i part; sodium chloride,
2 parts; glycerol, 13 parts; distilled water, 113 parts;
allow it to stand two months. For use, mix one
part of this solution with three parts of water and
filter.

Pacini's method (pah-tshe'-ne). For resuscitating
asphyxiated infants: the child lying on its back, the
operator stands at its head and grasps the axillary
structures, pulling the shoulders forward and up-
ward to compress the thorax, and allowing them to
fall in order to expand the chest.

Pacinian bodies or corpuscles (pah-tshin' -e-an)
[Filippo Pacini, Italian anatomist, 1812-1883].
Elliptical, semitransparent bodies, that occur along
the nerves supplying_the skin, especially of the hands
and feet, the external genitalia, the points of the
extremities, the periosteum of certain bones and many
other localities in man and other- mammals; the so-
called corpuscles of Vater, or Krause's corpuscles.

pack (pak). A blanket, either dry or soaked in
hot or cold water, and wrapped about the body.
p., cold, a blanket wrung out of cold water and
wrapped about the body, p., hot, a blanket wrung
out of hot water and wrapped about the body.
p., wet, a blanket wrung out of warm or cold water.

packer (pak'-er). An instrument for introducing
tampons or other dressings into a cavity, such as
the vagina.

packing (pak'-ing). 1. The act of filling a wound
or cavity with gauze or other material. 2. The
material used for filling the cavity.

Pacquelin cautery. See Paquelin.

pad. 1. A small bag stuffed with cotton, hair, etc.,
used as a cushion for the support of any part of the
body. See liver-pad. 2. Also, synonym of compress.
p. of corpus callosum, the splenium of the callosum.
p., dinner, a folded towel laid over the region of the
stomach in applying a plaster-of-Paris jacket, to
give space for the distention of the stomach by the
food, p., sucking, a fatty mass situated between the
masseter and the buccinator muscles; well developed
in infancy.

pae-. For words so beginning, see pe-.

Page's disease (paj). See Erichsen's disease.

pageism (pa'-jizm) [pagius, a servant]. A mani-
festation of masochism in which the individual
affected revels in the idea of being a page to a beauti-
ful girl.

Pagenstecher's ointment (pah'-gen-stek-er) [Alex-
ander Pagenstecher, German ophthalmologist, 1828-
1879]. An ointment used in ophthalmic practice.
It consists of from one to three grains of the yellow
oxide of mercury to the dram of vaselin. P.'s
thread, a flax thread coated with celluloid.

Paget's abscess (paj'-et) [Sir James Paget, English
surgeon, 1814-1899]. A residual abscess. P.'s
disease. 1. Malignant dermatitis, attacking most
often the nipple and areola. 2. Osteitis deformans;
hypertrophic deforming osteitis. P.'s recurrent
fibroid, spindle-celled sarcoma of the subcutaneous
tissue.

pagiorrheumatism (paj-e-or-roo'-mat-izm) [71-07105,
film; rheumatism]. Chronic rheumatism.

pagoplexia (pa-go-pleks'-e-ah) [-Kayos, frost; w\ij^i.s,
stroke]. Frost-bite; numbness due to cold. See
frost-bite.

paidology (pi-dol'-o-je). That branch of medical
science treating of childhood.

paidonosology (pi-don-os-ol'-o-je) [irals, child;
voo-os, disease; \6yos, science]. The science of dis-
eases of children; pediatrics.

pain (pan) [pcena, punishment; pain]. 1. Bodily
suffering due to irritation of a sensory nerve, or
possibly, in rare cases, to changes in the central
nervous system. 2. One of the rhythmic contractions
of the uterus during labor, p., after-, that following
labor, and caused by the uterus contracting to expel
clots, etc. p., bearing-down, pain with a sensation
of dragging or bearing down of the pelvic organs,
occurring in labor and in various inflammatory
affections of the female pelvic organs, p., boring,
severe pain of a boring character, p., false, that
occurring in the latter part of pregnancy and re-
sembling labor pain, although not immediately fol-
lowed by labor, p., fulgurant, p., fulgurating, the in-
tense shooting pain affecting principally the limbs of

patients suffering from locomotor ataxia. Syn.,
lancinating pain, p., girdle-, a painful sensation as
of a cord tied about the waist; it is a symptom of
organic disease of the spinal cord, p., growing, a
popular term for the soreness about the joints in
young persons at puberty. Some attribute it to
increased vascularity of the epiphyses of long bones;
others, to rheumatism, p.-joy, hysterical enjoyment
of , suffering, p., labor. See pain (2). p., lanci-
nating. See p., fulgurant. p., osteocopic, the bone-
ache that characteiizes syphilis, p., referred, pain
situated in a part more or less remote from the
cause of the pain, p., starting, pain caused by a
spasmodic contraction of the muscles just before the
onset of sleep. It occurs in joint diseases when
the cartilages are ulcerated, p., terebrating, p.,
terebrant, boring pain.

painful (pan'-ful). Characterized by pain. p.
heel. See pododynia and achillodynia.

painless (pan'-les). Without pain. p. tic. See
under tic.

painter's colic. Lead colic.

pair (par). Two similar organs, one right and the
other left, occupying the same relative position on
either side of the body; as a pair of nerves.

Pajot's hook (pazj'-o) [Charles Pajot, French
obstetrician, 1816-1896]. A hook used in decapi-
tating the fetus; see P.'s method. P.'s law, the
law governing the rotating movements of the child
during labor. It is expressed as follows: When a
solid body is contained within another, if the re-
ceptacle is the seat of alternations of movement
and repose, and its surfaces are slippery and but
slightly angular, the contained body will tend in-
creasingly to accommodate its form and dimensions
to the form and capacity of the receptacle. P.'s
maneuver. Same as P.'s method. P.'s method, a
method of decapitation of the fetus in embryotomy.
It consists in passing a strong cord around a groove
in a hook which is passed over the child's neck,
and by a sawing movement cutting through the parts.
The vagina should be protected by a speculum.

pala (pa'-lah) [L., a "spade"]. 1. A thin lamella
connecting the fimbria and the tenia of the brain.
It has a shape like the blade of a turf-cutter. 2.
[Native Hawaiian.] The Hawaiian word for syphilis.

Paladino's phonophore (pal-ah-de'-noz fo'-no-for).
An instrument to facilitate hearing, consisting in a
rod which connects the larynx of the speaker with the
teeth of the listener.

palaeo- (pa'-le-o-) [irahaios, old]. A prefix denoting
old, early, long ago, etc. For words thus beginning
see paleo-.

palatal (pal'-at-al) [palate]. Pertaining to the
palate.

palate (pal'-at) [palatum, palate]. The roof of
the mouth. It is composed of the hard palate, formed
by the palatal processes of the superior maxillary
bones and the palatal bones, and the soft palate,
or velum palati, consisting of an aggregation of
muscles — the tensor palati, azygos uvulae, palato-
glossus, and palatopharyngeus. p., artificial, a
plate of hard material used as an obturator to close
a fissure in the palate, p. bone, an L-shaped bone
back of the nasal fossae; it helps to form the floor
and outer wall of the nose, roof of the mouth, and
floor of the orbit; also sphenomaxillary and pterygoid
fossae and the sphenomaxillary fissure, p., cleft,
a congenital deformity characterized by incomplete
closure of the lateral halves of the palate. The soft
palate and the uvula, the hard palate, or all together
may be involved, p., hard. See palate, p.-hook,
an instrument used in rhinoscopy, p.-myograph,
an instrument for taking a tracing of the movements
of the soft palate, p. plates, the horizontal portions
of the superior maxilla that unite to form the hard
palate. _ p., soft. See palate.

palatic (pal-at'-ik) [palatum, the palate]. Palatal;
palatine.

palatiform (pal-at'-if-orm) [palatum, palate; forma,
form]. Resembling the palate.

palatine (pal'-a-tin) [palate]. 1. Pertaining to the
palate, as the palatine arteries. 2. Conveying the
palatine vessels or nerves, p. arches, the arches
posterior and anterior, upon each side of the beginning
of the pharynx, p. bone, the palate bone. p. canals,
several canals in the palatal portion Of the supe-
rior maxilla. p. fossa, a small fossa immediately
behind the upper incisor teeth. p. glands. See
gland.

PALATINOID

646

PALPATION

palatinoid (pal-at'-in-oid). Tiade name of a gelatin
capsule used for the administration of unpalatable
drugs.

palatitis (pal-al-i'-tis) [palatum, palate; inj, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the palate.

palato- (pal-a-to-) [palate]. A prefix denoting rela-
tion to the palate.

palatoglossal (pal-a-to-glos'-al) [palato-; y\Cxr<ra,
tongue]. Pertaining to the palate and the tongue.

palatoglossus (pal-a-to-glos'-us) . See under muscle.

palatognathous (pal-at-og'-na-thus) [palato-; yvbBos,
jaw]. Affected with palatognathus.

palatognathus {pal-at-og'-na-thus) [palato-; yv6Bos,
jaw]. Cleft palate.

palatograph (pal-at'-o-graf). See palate myograph.

palatolabial (pal-at-o-W -be-al) [palato-; labium,
lip]. Pertaining to the palate and the lips.

palatomaxillary (pal-al-o-maks'-il-a-re) [palato- ;
maxilla, jaw]. Pertaining to the palate and the
maxilla.

palatomyograph (pal-at-o-mi'-o-graf). See palate-
ntyograph.

palatonasal (pal-a-lo-na'-sal) [palato-; nasal].
Pertaining to the palate and the nose.

palatopharyngeal (pal-a-to-far-in'-je-al) [palato- ;
pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to the palate and
the pharynx.

palatopharyngeus (pal-a-to-far-in'-je-us). See
under muscle.

palatoplasty (paV-at-o-plas-te) [palato-; TrXaaaew,
to form]. Plastic surgery of the palate.

palatoplegia (pal-at-o-ple'-je-ah) [palato-; irXrjyri,
a stroke]. Paralysis of the soft palate.

palatopterygoid (pal-at-o-ter'-ig-oid) [palato-; ptery-
goid]. Pertaining to the palate bone and the ptery-
goid processes of the sphenoid bone; pterygopalatine.

palatorrhaphy (pal-a-tor'-a-fe). See staphylor-
rhaphy.

palatosalpingeus (pal-a-to-sal-pin'-je-us). The ten-
sor palati muscle.

palatoschisis (pal-a-tos'-kis-is) [palato-; <rx'W,
cleft]. Cleft palate.

palatostaphylinus (pal-a-to-staf-il-i'-nus). See azy-
gos uvula, under muscle.

palatouvularis (pal-a-to-ic-vu-la'-ris). See azygos
uvula, under muscle.

palatum (pal'-a-tum) [L.]. The palate, p. durum,
the hard palate, p. fissum, cleft palate, p. mobile,
p. molle, the soft palate, p. pendulum, the soft palate.

paleontology (pa-le-on-tol'-o-je) [/TraXcuos, ancient;
&v, being; X6-yos, science]. The science of the early
life-forms of the earth.

paleopathology (pa-le-o-Path-ol'-o-je) [ira\ai6s, old;
pathology]. "The science of the diseases which can
be demonstrated in human and animal remains of
ancient times" (Ruffer).

palimbolous (pal-im' -bo-lus) [iraXiv, back; /SdXX€u\
to cast]. Changing often; applied to diseases with
very inconstant symptoms.

palimptosis (pal-imp-to' -sis) [iraXiv, back; 7nwis,
a fall]. The falling back; properly, a falling back to
a former position, whether after a proptosis, or
abnormal forward displacement, or after the recti-
fication of backward displacement.

palinal (pal'-in-al) [iraKiv, backward]. Moving or
moved backward.

palindromia (pal-in-dro' -me-ah) [ir&Xtp, again;
Spo/xoi, a course]. Recurrence or growing worse of a
disease; a relapse.

palingenesis (pal-in-jen' -es-is) [ira\iv, back; yeveau,
production]. The form of development of an indi-
vidual germ in which the development of its ancestors
is succinctly repeated.

palinodia (pal-in-o'-de-ah) [iraKiv, back; 656s,
a way]. A recurrence or relapse of a disease.

oalirrhea, palirrhcea (pal-ir-e'-ah) [iraXiv, again; bola,
flow]. i. lhe return of a mucous discharge. 2.
Regurgitation.

palisade-cell (pal-is-ad'). A constituent cell of
palisade-tissue, p.-parenchyma, the same as p.-
tissue. p.-tissue, applied to certain cells which are
elongated at light angles to the surface, occurring
especially on the upper side of leaves.

palladium (pal-a'-de-um) [iraXXadiov, a statue of
Pallas]. A rare metal sometimes used in making
instruments of precision, p. chloride, a drug used
in the treatment of tuberculosis. Dose 10 drops of a
3 % solution.

palliation (pal-e-a'-shun) [palliare, to cloak]. The
act of soothing or moderating, without really curing.

palliative (pal'-e-a-tiv) [palliare, to cloak]. 1. Re-
lieving or alleviating suffering. 2. A drug relieving
or soothing the symptoms of a disease without cur-
ing it.

pallidum (pal'-id-um) [pallidus, pale]. The globus
pallidus of the lenticular nucleus of the brain.

pallium (pal'-e-um) [L., "a cloak"]. Of the brain,
the fissured portion of each cerebral hemisphere,
exclusive of the caudatum and the rhinencephalon.

pallor (pal'-or) [L.]. Paleness, especially of the
skin and mucous membranes, p. chloroticus, the
peculiar paleness of chlorotic persons, p. eximius,
abnormal paleness, usually due to anemia, p. luteus,
chlorosis, p. pathematicus, the pallor due to terror
or fright, p. virginum. Synonym of chlorosis.

palm (pahm) [palma, palm]. 1. The inner or
flexor surface of the hand; the hollow of the hand.
2. A palm-tree, p.-oil (oleum palma), a fixed oil
obtained from the fruit of Elais guineensis. It is
employed in making soap.

palma (pal'-mah) [L.]. 1. The palm of the hand.
2. Palm tree, palmae plicatae, the arborescent ruga?
of the anterior of the vagina.

palmar (pal' -mar). Pertaining to the palm of the
hand. p. abscess, an abscess in the palm of the
hand, usually situated beneath the palmar fascia.
p. arch, one of the two curved arches, superficial
and deep, formed by the anastomosis of the radial
and ulnar arteries in the hand. p. fascia, the sheath
investing the muscles of the hand.

palmaris (pal-ma' -ris) . See under muscle.

palmature (pal' -mat-ur) [palm].^ Union of the
fingers, congenital or from burns, wounds, or other
trauma.

Palmella (pal-meV -ah) . A genus of fresh-water
algae.

palmellin (pal-meV -in) . A red coloring-principle
of a fresh-water alga, the Palmella cruenta, re-
sembling hemoglobin.

palmetto (pal-met'-o). See saw palmetto.

palmiacol (pal-mi' -ak-ol) , C23H40O2. A proprietary
remedy for tuberculosis, asthma, etc., said to be a
derivative of guaiacol. Dose 3 min. (0.18 Cc.) 3 or 4
times daily.

palmic (pal'-mik) [palm]. 1. Referring to the palm;
palmitic. 2. [iraXufc, throb.] Pertaining to the
pulse or palpitation. 3- Relating to palmus or
jumpers' disease.

palmiped (pal'-mip-ed) [palma, palm; pes, foot].
Having webbed feet.

palmitate (pal'-mit-at) [palm]. A salt of palmitic
acid.

palmitic (pal-mit'-ik). 1. Relating to or derived
from palm-oil. 2. Relating to palmitin. p. acid.
See acid, palmitic.

palmitin (pal'-mit-in) [palm], C3ll5(Ci6H3i02)3.
Glyceryl tripalmitate, a solid, crystallizable sub-
stance which, with stearin, constitutes the greater
proportion of solid fats.

palmitone (pal'-mit-on). A ketone of palmitic
acid resulting when it is distilled with slaked lime.

palmityl (pal'-mit-il) [palm, the palm tree; CXt/,
the stuff of which a thing is made]. The radical,
C16H33O, of palmitic acid.

palmodic (pal-mod' -ik) [iraXuMrjs, like palmus].
Pertaining to, resembling, or affected with, palmus.

palmoplantar (pal' -mo-plan' -tar) [palma, palm;
planta, the sole of the foot]. Pertaining to both the
palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, p.-
plantar sign, Filipowicz' sign; said to be diagnostic
of typhoid fever. It consists of an orange or saffron
coloration of the prominent parts of the palms of
the hands and the soles of the feet. The change in
color is attributed to feebleness of the action of the
heart, causing incomplete filling of the capillaries,
and dryness of the skin.

palmoscopy (pal-mos'-ko-pe) [iraXfios, throb; aKoirelv,
to observe]. The observation of the heart-beat and
the pulse.

palmus (pal'-mus) [iraXfxos, a twitch]. 1. Jumpers'
disease; lata, or miryachit; a convulsive tic, with
echolalia and abulia. 2. Subsultus; palpitation:
throbbing; pulsation; twitching; jerkiness. 3- The
heart-beat.

palpate (pal' -pat) [palpare, to feel]. 1. To ex-
amine by touch. 2. Furnished with tactile organs.

palpation (pal-pa' -shun) [palpate]. In physical
diagnosis, the laying of the hand on a part of the
body or the manipulation of a part with the hand
for the purpose of ascertaining its condition or that

PALPATOMETER

647

PANCREATITIC

of underlying organs, p., bimanual, the use of the
two hands in examining an organ, p., mediate,
a method of physical examination performed by plac-
ing the phonendoscope on the chest after removing
the tubes and resting the palmar surface of the hand
upon the instrument, thus intensifying the vibrations.

palpatometer (pal-pat-pm'-el-er) [palpare, to feel;
tikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
ai terial tension.

palpatometry (pal-pat-om'-et-re) [palpare, to feel;
fikrpov, measure]. A measuring of the greatest
pressure that can be borne without pain.

palpatopercussion (pal-pat-o-per-kush'-un). Com-
bined palpation and percussion.

palpebra (pal':pe-brah) [L.: pi., palpebral. The
eyelid, p. inferior, the lower eyelid, p. superior,
the upper eyelid.

palpebral (pal'-pe-bral) [palpebra]. Pertaining to
the eyelid, p. cartilage. See cartilage, p. con-
junctiva, the conjunctiva of the eyelid, p. fascia,
the tarsal ligament of the eyelids, p. fissure, the
opening between the upper and lower eyelids, p.
follicles, the Meibomian glands, p. muscle, the
orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.

palpebrals (pal-pe-bra'-lis). An old term for the
orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.

palpebrate (pal'-pe-brdt) [palpebra]. i. Furnished
with eyelids. 2. To wink.

palpebration (pal-pe-bra' -shun) [palpebra]. The
act of winking; nictitation.

palpebrin (pal'-peb-rin). A proprietary remedy
used externally in eye diseases; it is said to consist
of boric acid, mercury bichloride, zinc sulphate, and
glycerol.

palpebritis (pal-pe-bri'-tis) [palpebra, eyelid; ltls,
inflammation}. Synonym of blepharitis.

palpebrofrontal (pal-pe-bro-front'-al). Relating to
the eyelid and the brow.

palpitate (pal'-pit-at) [palpitare, to quiver]. To
flutter, to tremble or to beat abnormally fast; applied
especially to the heart.

palpitation (pal-pit-a' -shun) [palpitare, to quiver].
A fluttering or throbbing, especially of the heart,
of which the person is conscious.

palsy (pawl'-ze) [from paralysis]. Paralysis, p.,
Bell's. See Bell's palsy, p., birth-. See birth-
palsy, p., bulbar. See bulbar paralysis. p.,
crutch-. See crutch paralysis, p. drops, compound
tincture of lavender, p., Erb's. See Erb's palsy.
p., hammer-, that due to excessive use of the hammer.
p., lead, paralysis of the muscles of the forearm,
due to lead poisoning, p., local, progressive muscular
atrophy, p., night, paresthesia of the hands occurring
at night, p., painter's, lead paralysis, p. scriveners',
writers' cramp, p., snaking. Synonym of paralysis
agitans. p., wasting, progressive muscular atrophy.

paludal (pal'-u-dal) [palus, a marsh]. Pertaining
to or originating in marshes; malarial.

paludein (pal-u'-de-in) [Paludina, a genus of fresh-
water snails]. The mucus of the snail Paludina
vivipara, which has been used to make a pectoral
syrup.

paludide (pal'-u-did). A cutaneous eruption sup-
posed to be due to malaria.

paludism (pal'-u-dizm) [palus, a marsh]. Malarial
poisoning.

palustral (pal-us'-tral) [see paludism]. Pertaining
to, or having the nature of, marsh-fever; paludal.

pampiniform (pam-pin'-i-form) [pampinus, tendril;
forma, form]. Having the form of a tendril, p.
plexus. > See plexus, pampiniform.

pampinocele (pam-pin' -o-sel) [pampinus, tendril;
K17XJ7, hernia]. A varicocele of the veins of the
pampiniform plexus.

pamplegia (pam-ple'-je-ah) [pan-; ttXtjy^, stroke].
General paralysis.

pan. A low, flat-bottomed vessel, p., bed, a
large, flat oval pan, usually of agate, or enameled
ware or china, serving as a receptacle for the fecal
discharges and urine of bed-patients, p., brain, p.,
head, the skull, p., knee, the patella.

pan- [iras, irav, all]. A prefix signifying all, every,
the whole of anything.

panacea (pan-a-se'-ah) [iravojceia, all-healing, from
iras, all; d/cos, a cure]. A remedy curing all diseases;
a cure-all; a quack remedy.

panado (pan-a'-do) [Sp. panada, from panis,
bread]. Bread softened in water. Also a bread-
poultice.

Panama bark. Quillaja bark. P. fever. 1. A

pernicious form of malarial fever occurring in Pana-
ma; Chagres fever. 2. Yellow fever. P. paralysis,
beriberi.

panaris (pan'-ar-is) . See paronychia.

panaritium (pan-ar-ish'-e-um). See paronychia.

panarthritis (pan-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation of
all the structures of a joint.

Panas' operation (pan-ah') [Photinos Panas,
French ophthalmologist, 1832-1903]. For ptosis; the
tarsal portion of the lid is raised by sutures and the oc-
cipito-frontalis muscle is caused to assume, to a great
extent, the function of the levator palpebral. P.'s
solution. A mild antiseptic collyrium, serviceable
in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, etc. It contains mer-
curic iodide 1 part, absolute alcohol 400 parts, distilled
water sufficient to make 20,000 parts.

panatrophy (pan-at'-ro-fe) [pan-; atrophy], 1.
Atrophy affecting every part of a structure. 2. Gen-
eral atrophy.

Panax (pan'-aks) [iravai, all-healing]. A genus
of araliaceous plants. Ginseng was formerly classed
as Panax. See aralia, also ginseng.

panbioma (pan-bi-o'-ma) [pan-; fiios, life]. The
general principle of life. Cf. bionergy.

panblastic (pan-bias' -tik) [pan-; pXao-ros, a germ].
Connected with all the layers of the blastoderm.

pancarditis (pan-kar-di'-tis). General inflamma-
tion of the heart.

panchrestous (pan-kres'-tus) [pan-; xpwtos, use-
ful]. Useful for everything; relating to a panacea.

panchrestus (pan-kres'-tus) [pan-; xpw"6s, use-
ful]. Same as panacea.

pancolpohysterectomy (pan-kol-po-his-ter-ek' -to-
me). See panhysterokolpectomy.

pancreaden (pan'-kre-ad-en). The direct extract
of pancreas attenuated with calcium carbonate;
used in pancreatic diabetes. Dose 4-6 dr. (15-23
Gm.) daily.

pancreas (pan'-kre-as) [pan-; Kpkas, flesh]. A com-
pound racemose gland, from six to eight inches in
length, lying transversely across the posterior wall
of the abdomen; the sweetbread of animals; the
abdominal salivary gland of the Germans. Its
right extremity, the head, lies in contact with the
duodenum; its left extremity, the tail, is in close
proximity to the spleen. It secretes a limpid,
colorless fluid that digests proteids, fats, and carbo-
hydrates. The secretion is conveyed to the duod-
enum by the pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung.
p., accessory, a small mass of glandular structure
similar to the pancreas and adjacent to it. p. Aselli,
a collection of lymph-glands in the mesentery of
some mammals, resembling a pancreas, p. glomeruli,
the islands of Langerhans. p., lesser, a small,
partially detached portion of the gland, lying pos-
teriorly to its head, and having occasionally a
separate duct that opens into the pancreatic duct
proper.

pancreatalgia (pan-kre-at-al'-je-ah) [pancreas; dX-
70s, pain]. Pain in the pancreas.

pancreatectomy (pan-kre-at-ek'-to-me) [pancreas;
eKTOfxi), excision]. Excision of a portion or all of the
pancreas.

pancreatemphraxis (pan-kre-at-em-fraks'-is) [pan-
creas; ip<ppa£is, stoppage]. Obstruction of the
pancreatic duct. _

pancreathelcosis (pan-kre-ath-el-ko'-sis) [pancreas ;
IX/cw<ris, ulceration]. Ulceration of the pancreas.

pancreatic (pan-kre-at'-ik) [pancreas]. Pertaining
to the pancreas, as the pancreatic duct; depending
upon disease of the pancreas, as pancreatic diabetes,
p. duct, the duct of Wirsung. p. fluid, p. juice, the
secretion of the pancreas, a thick, transparent, color-
less, odorless fluid, of a salty taste, and strongly
alkaline.

pancreaticoduodenal (pan-kre-at-ik-o-du-o-de'-nal)
[pancreas; duodenum]. Pertaining to the pancreas
and the duodenum, as the pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

pancreaticosplenic (pan-kre-at'-ik-o-splen'-ik). Per-
taining to the pancreas and the spleen.

pancreatin (pan-kre'-at-in) [pancreas]. The active
elements of the juice of the pancreas; also the com-
mercial extract of the pancreas, supposed to possess a
fermentative action similar to that of the pancreatic
juice.

pancreatinokinase (pan-kre-at-i-no-kin'-ds). Trade
name of a compound of pancreatin and eukinase:
said to be a powerful digestant.

pancreatitic (pan-kre-at-it'-ik). Pertaining to
pancreatitis.

PANCREATITIS

648

PANPEPTIN

pancreatitis (pan-kre-at-i'-tis) [pancreas; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the pancreas. It
may be hemorrhagic, suppurative, or gangrenous.
The onset of pancreatitis is usually sudden, with
severe abdominal pain, vomiting, tympanites, and
tenderness of the abdomen. It is generally fatal.

pancreatolipase (pan-kre-at-o-lip'-as). Lipase
found in the pancreatic juice.

pancreatolith (pan-kre-at'-o-lith) [pancreas; Xidos,
a stone]. A calculus of the pancreas.

pancreatomy (pan-kre-at'-o-me). See pancreatec-
tomy.

pancreatoncus (pan-kre-at-ong'-kus) [pancreas;
ojkos, tumor]. A tumor of the pancreas.

pancreatopathy (pan-kre-at-op'-a-the) [pancreas;
iraBos, suffering]. Any disease of the pancreas.

pancreatorrhagia (pan-kre-at-or-a'-je-ah) [pancreas;
prjyvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
pancreas.

pancreatotomy (pan-kre-at-ot'-o-me) [pancreas; rop.^,
a cutting]. Incision of the pancreas.

pancreazymose (pan-kre-az-i'-mos) [pancreas; ffyn?.
leaven]. One of the pancreatic ferments.

pancreectomy (pan-kre-ek'-to-me). See pancre-
atectomy.

pancreobismuth (pan-kre-o-biz'-muth). Tradename
of a combination of pancreatic ferments and bis-
muth.

pancreodigestin (pan-kre-o-di-jes'-tin). Trade
name of a combination of some of the digestive
ferments with lactic and hydrochloric acids.

pancreolytic (J>an-kre-o-lit'-ik). Destructive to
pancreatic tissue.

pancreon, pankreon (pan'-kre-on). Trade name
of a preparation obtained by the action of tannic
acid on pancreatin. It is a grayish, odorless powder
having a strong tryptolytic power. Dose 7i gr.
(0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily.

pancreopathia (pan-kre-o-path'-e-ah) [pancreas;
iraBos, disease]. Disease of pancreas.

pancreopathy (pan-kre-op'-ath-e) [pancreas; iraBos,
disease]. Disease of the pancreas.

pancril (pan'-kril). Trade name of a combination .
of enzymes, said to be capable of digesting nitrog-
enous, starchy, and fatty foods.

pandemia , (pan-de'-me-dh) [pan-; Srjpos, people].
An epidemic that attacks all persons.

pandemic (pan-dem'-ik) [pan-; 8rjp.os, people].
Epidemic over a wide area.

pandemy (pan'-dem-e). Same as pandemia.

Pander's islands (pan'-der) [Heinrich Christian
von Pander, German anatomist, 1794-1865]. The
reddish-yellow patches in Pander's layer which con-
sist of corpuscles containing hemoglobin. P.'s
layer, the splanchnopleural layer of the mesoblast in
which the blood-vessels are first formed. .

pandiculation (pan-dik-u-la'-shun) . [pandiculari,
from pandere, to stretch out]. The act of stretching
the limbs, especially on waking from sleep, accom-
panied by yawning.

pandocheum, pandochium (pan-do' -ke-um), [pan-;
dexevdai, to receive]. A hospital receiving all diseases.

panelectroscope (pan-e-lek'-iro-skop). An inspec-
tion apparatus for use in proctoscopy, esophagoscopy,
urethroscopy, etc. It throws concentrated light
through the whole tube, thus illuminating the spot
that is to be inspected.

panesthesia (pan-es-the'-ze-ah) [pan-; aiaOr/ais,
perception]. 1. General or total sensation ;cenesthesia.
2. The undifferentiated sensory capacity of the sup-
posed primal germ.

panesthetism (pan-es'-thet-izm). Same as panes-
thesia.

Paneth's cells (pah'-nath) [Josef Paneth, German
physician, 1857- ]. Coarsely granular cells
found in the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the jejunum
and ileum, especially the latter.

pang. A momentary sharp pain, p., breast-,
angina pectoris, p., brow-, hemicrania.

pangaduin (pan-gad' -u-in). A crystalline solid
said to contain the basic principles of cod-liver oil;
indicated in all affections due to faulty elimination.

pangen (pan'-jen) [pan- ; ykveais, birth, production].
One of the primary bearers of the individual qualities
or characters of the cell, i. e., the constituent qualities
of the species; one of the ultimate vital particles; a
biophor.

pangenesis (pan-jen'-es-is) [pan-; ykve<ns, origin].
Darwin's theory of heredity, which supposes the
existence of gemmules or minute particles separated

from the body-cells and segregated from the circu-
lation by the reproductive glands. These preformed
constituents of all parts of the fully formed animal
or plant become aggregated in the germ, and give
rise by a process of evolution to the new organism.

pangenetic (pan-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to pan-
genesis.

panglossia (pa.n-glos'-e-ah) [irayyKoo-o-la, wordiness].
. Excessive or insane garrulity.

panhidrosis (pan-hid-ro'-sis). See panidrosis.

panhydrometer (pan-hi-drom'-et-er). An instru-
ment for determining the specific gravity of any
liquid.

panhygrous (pan-hi'-grus) [pan-; vypds, moist].
Damp as to the entire surface. .

panhyperemia, panhyperaemia (pan-hi-per-e'-me-
ah). Plethora.

panhysterectomy (pan-Ms-ter-ek'-to-me). Total
extirpation of the uterus.

panhysterokolpectomy (pan-his-ter-o-kol-pek' -to-
me) [pan-; iarepa, womb; koXxos, vagina; knTopA\,
excision]. Complete removal of the uterus and vagina.

pamcvUa (pan-ik'-u-lah) [L.]. A swelling or tumor.

panidrosis (pan-id-ro'-sis) [pan-; tdpws, sweat].
General perspiration.

panis (pan'-is) [L.]. Bread.

panivorous (pan-iv'-or-us) [panis, bread; vorare, to
devour]. Subsisting on bread.

Panizza's plexuses. Two lymphatic t plexuses
lying in the lateral fossa of the preputial frenum;
they are formed by the deeper lymphatic vessels of
the integument of the glans penis.

pankreon (pan'-kre-on). Trade* name of a prep-
aration of pancreatin with tannic acid.

panmeristic (pan-mer-is'-tik) [pan-; pkpos, a part].
Relating to an ultimate protoplasmic structure com-
posed of independent vital units.

panmixia (pan-miks'-e-ah) [pan-; /u£«, mingling].
Indiscriminate sexual crossing.

panmnesia (pan-ne'-se-ah) [pan-; ppija-is, ■ re-
membrance]. A potential remembrance of all
impressions.

pannecrotomy (pan-nek-rot' -o-me) [pan-; venpos,
dead; 7-0/M7, a cutting]. The dissection of all dead
bodies, suggested as the best method to prevent
burial of living persons.

panneuritis (pan-nu-ri'-tis). Multiple neuritis.
p. epidemica, beriberi.

panniculitis (pan-ik-u-li'-tis) [panniculus; ins,
inflammation]. ■ Inflammation of the abdominal
panniculus adiposus.

panniculus (pan-ik'-u-lus) [dim. of pannus}. A
membrane or layer, p. adiposus, the layer of sub-
cutaneous fat. p. carnosus, the layer of muscles
contained in the superficial fascia. It. is well de-
veloped in the lower animals, but in man is repre-
sented, mainly by the platysma. p. cordis, the
pericardium, p. hymeneus, p. yirginis, the hymen.
p. subtilis, the pia mater, p. transversus, the
diaphragm.

pannosity (pan-os'-it-e) > [pannus]. . Softness. of the
skin.

pannus (pan'-us) [L.., "a cloth"]. 1. Vasculari-
zation of the cornea, usually due to the irritation of
trachoma granulations. 2. Chloasma, p. carnosus,
p. crassus, one that has acquired a considerable
thickness, p. hepaticus, chloasma, p. phlyctenular,
the vascularized and cloudy condition of the cornea
induced by phlyctenular inflammation, p. siccus,
an old pannus composed of connective tissue and poor
in vessels, p. tenuis, slight pannus. ,

panodic (pan-od'-ik). See panthodic.

panopeptone (pan-o-p.ep'-ton). Trade name of a
dietetic said to consist of bread and beef, cooked,
peptonized, sterilized, concentrated, and preserved
in sherry.

panophobia (pan-o-fo'-be-ah) [pan-; <£6/3os, fear].
Morbid fear of everything; a symptom present in
some cases of neurasthenia.

panophthalmia, panophthalmitis (pan-of -thai' -me-
an, pan-of-thal-mi'-tis). Inflammation of all the
tissues of the eyeball, p. purulenta, a severe form
with great protrusion of the eyeball and formation
of pus, usually resulting in blindness.

panosteitis (pan-os-te-i'-tis). An inflammation of
all the structures of a bone.

panotitis (pan-o-ti'-tis). An inflammation involving
all the structures of the ear.

panpeptin (pan-pep' -tin). Trade name of a remedy
said to contain several digestive ferments.

PANPHARMACON

649

PAPILLOMATOUS

panpharmacon {pan-far' -mak-on) [pan-; <j>a.pp.a.Kov ,
drug]. A panacea.

panphobia (pan-fo'-be-ah) [pan-; <p6Pos, dread].
Synonym of panophobia.

panplegia (pan-pie' '-je-ah) [pan-; irXijyri, stroke].
Generalized paralysis.

pansclerosis (pan-skle-ro'-sis) [pan-; oxXepos, hard].
Complete sclerosis or hardening of a part.

pansinusitis (pan-si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of
all the sinuses of a part or region.

panspermatism (pan-sper'-mat-izm). The theory
that germs are omnipresent.

panspermia (pan-sper'-me-ah). Same as pansper-
matism.

pansphygmograph (pan-sfig'-mo-graf). An instru-
ment by means of which tracings can be taken simul-
taneously of the cardiac movements, the arterial
pulse, and the respiration.

pansymmetry (pan-sim'-et-re). Entire symmetry.

pant. To breathe hard or quickly.

pantachromatic (pan-tah-kro-mat'-ik) [pan-; achro-
matic]. Colorless throughout.

pantamorphia (pan-tam-or'-fe-ah) [pan-; p.op4>-fi,
form]. General deformity.

pantamorphic (pan-tam-or'-fik) [pan-; ap.op<pla,
shapelessness]. Completely deformed.

pantanencephalia (pan-tan-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [pan- ;
&veyK€<pa\os, brainless]. Total congenital absence of
the brain.

pantanencephalic (pan-tan-en-sef-al'-ik) [pan-; &,
priv.; iyK&paKos, brain]. Congenitally destitute of
brain.

pantanencephalus (pan-tan-en-sef -al-us) . A brain-
less monster.

pantankyloblepharon (pan-tang-kil-o-blef'-ah-ron)
[pan-; dy kuXt;, noose; ffK^papov, eyelid]. Complete
ankyloblepharon.

pantaphobia (pan-taf-o'-be-ah) [pan-; &, priv.;
(pofHos, fear]. Total absence of fear.

pantatrophia, pantatrophy (pan-tat-ro'-fe-ah, pan-
tat' -ro-fe) [pan-; atrophy]. Complete or general
atrophy.

pantatrophous (pant-at'-ro-fus). Without nourish-
ment.

pantherapist (pan-ther' -ap-ist) [pan-; depaweia,
therapy]. See eclectic.

panthodic (pan-thod'-ik) [pan-; 686s, way]. Of
nervous impulses, radiating to all parts of the body.

panto- (pan' -to-). See pan-.

pantogamy (pan-tog' -am-e) [pan-; yap.os, mar-
riage]. Reckless indiscriminate sexual intercourse.

pantograph (pan'-to-graf) [pan-; ypaij>eiv,to write].
An instrument for the mechanical copying of dia-
grams, etc., upon the same scale, or upon an en-
larged or a reduced scale.

pantography (pan-tog' -ra-fe) [pan-; ypcupeiv, to
write], i. General description. 2. The process of
copying by a pantograph.

pantomorph (pan'-to-morf) [pan-; p.op<pri, form].
That which assumes, or exists in, all shapes.

pantomorphia (pan-to-mor'-fe-ah) [pan-; p.op<f>ri,
form]. 1. The condition of assuming or existing in
all shapes. 2. General or complete symmetry.
Cf. pantamorphia.

pantophobia (pan-to-fo'-be-ah) [pan-; <£6/3os, fear].
Insane dread of all things.

pantoplethora (pan-to-pleth'-or-ah) [pan-; ir\j}9&p7],
fulness]. General hyperemia.

pantopon (pan' -top-on) [pan-; opium]. Trade
name of a preparation of opium said to contain all
the alkaloids of opium in the form of hydrochlorides.

pantoscopic (pan-lo-skop'-ik). See bifocal.

Panum's casein (pah'-noom) [Peter Ludwig Panum,
Danish physiologist, 1820-1885]. Serum globulin.

panus (pa'-nus) [L., "a swelling"]. An inflamed,
nonsuppurating lymphatic gland, p. faucium, an
inflamed gland in the throat, p. inguinalis, a bubo.

panzyme (pan'-zim) [pan-; i'vp.n, leaven]. Trade
name of a preparation containing several enzymes.

pap. 1. The nipple. 2. A soft, semiliquid food
for infants, p. pox. Same as cowpox.

papain (pa-pa' -in). See under papaya.

papaver (pa-pa'-ver). The poppy. See opium.

papaverine (pa-pa'-ver- en) [papaver], C21H21NO4.
A crystalline alkaloid found in opium and thought
to possess narcotic properties. Dose £ gr. (0.016 Gm.).

pa paw (pa-paw') [a name of Malabar origin].

1. The seed of Asimina triloba; it is a prompt emetic.
Dose of the fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.9 Co).

2. See papaya.

papaya (pa-pa' -yah). Melon-tree; papaw — the
Carica papaya, a tree of the order Passifloracece.
The unripe fruit yields a milky juice containing an
albuminous substance, papain or papayotin, capable
of digesting fibrin and other proteid bodies. Papain
in commerce occurs as a grayish powder, and has
been used as a digestant in dyspepsia, as an appli-
cation to false membranes, warts, epitheliomata,
etc. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).

papayotin (pap-a'-yo-tin). The concrete active
principle of the milky juice of the papaw; it is an
enzyme similar to pepsin.

paper (pa'-per) [papyrus]. See charta. p., heli-
antirin, p., methyl-orange, p., tropaeolin D, paper
charged with methyl-orange and used in testing for
acids and alkalies, p., indigo-carmin. See under indigo.

papescent (pap-es'-ent). Having the consistence
of pap.

papilla (pap-il'-ah) [L., "a nipple"; pi., papilla].
1. A small, nipple-like eminence. 2. Synonym of
optic disc. 3. A pimple or pustule, p., acoustic,
the organ of Corti. p., bile, the caruncula major of
Santorini at the summit of which the bile and pan-
creatic ducts open, p., circumvallate, one of the
large papillae at the root of the tongue, arranged
like the letter V opening forward, p., clavate.
Synonym of p., fungiform, p., conical. See p.,
filiform, p., dental. See organ, enamel-, p., duo-
denal, the elevation at the point where the common
bile-duct enters the duodenum, p., filiform, any
one of the papillae occurring on all parts of the tongue,
consisting of an elevation of connective tissue covered
by a layer of epithelium, p., fungiform, any one
of the low, broad papillae found on the surface of
the tongue, consisting of a connective-tissue elevation,
covered by secondary papillae, p., genital, the
primitive penis or clitoris, papillse, gustatory, those
papillae of the tongue which are furnished with taste-
buds. Syn., papilla gustus. p., lacrimal, a small
conical eminence on the eyelid at the inner canthus,
pierced by the lacrimal punctum. p., lenticular.
Same as p., fungiform, p., lingual, one of the ele-
vations of the mucous membrane of the dorsum of
the tongue, papillae, nerve-. See under nerve.
p., renal, the summit of any one of the renal pyramids
projecting into the renal pelvis, p. spiralis, the
convex spiral ridge formed by Corti's organ, p.,
tactile, a little eminence of the true skin containing
tactile corpuscles, papillae, vascular, papillae of the
skin containing capillary loops.

papillary (pap'-il-a-re). 1. Pertaining to the
nipple. 2. Composed of or containing papillae;
resembling a papilla, p. body, the papillary layer
of the skin. p. muscles, the musculi papillares, q. v.
p. tumor, a papilloma.

papillectomy (pap-il-ek'-to-me) [papilla; kKropi),
excision]. Surgical removal of papillae.

papilledema (pap-il-e-de'-mah). Choked disc,
papillitis.

papuliferous (pap-il-if'-er-us) [papilla; ferre, to
bear]. Bearing or containing papillae, as a papu-
liferous cyst.

papilliform (pap-il'-if-orm) [papilla; forma, form].
Shaped like a papilla.

papillitis (pap-il-i'-tis) [papilla; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the optic disc. Syn.,
choked disc ; optic neuritis.

papilloadenocystoma (pap-il-o-ad-en-o-sist-o'-mah) .
Papilloma combined with adenoma and cystoma.

papillocarcinoma (pap-il-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [papilla;
carcinoma]. 1. A carcinoma in which there is the
formation of papillary excrescences. 2. A papilloma
which has become malignant.

papilloma (pap-il-o'-mah) [papilla; 6p.a, tumor].
A growth on the skin or mucous membrane resembling
hypertrophied papillae. It is a benign tumor, oc-
curring in two forms, the hard papilloma, one growing
from squamous epithelium, and the soft papilloma,
one developed from columnar epithelium, p.
diffusum, multiple papillomata occurring on the
legs and buttock, p. neuroticum, a painless, mostly
congenital affection characterized by warty or
papillomatous growths occurring on one side of the
body along the course of a nerve.

papillomatosis (pap-il-o-mat-o'-sis) [papilla; 6p.a,
tumor; voaos, disease]. The widespread formation of
papillomata; also the state of being affected with
multiple papillomata.

papillomatous (pap-il-o'-mat-us) [papilla; 6p.a,
tumor]. Pertaining to a papilloma.

PAPILLORETINITIS

650

PARACMASIS

papilloretinitis (pap-il-o-ret-in-i'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the papilla and retina.

papillose (pap'-il-os). Bearing papillae.

papine (pap-en'). A proprietary anodyne said
to contain the pain-relieving principle of opium.

papoid (pap' -oid). A proprietary preparation
resembling papain.

pappataci fever (pap-at-ash'-e). An infectious
disease probably of protozoal origin, somewhat
resembling dengue, but less severe and of shorter
duration. It has been found in Malta, Bosnia,
Herzegovina and Dalmatia, Italy and S. America.

pappus (pap'-us) [7rd.7r7ros, down]. The fine down
first appearing on the cheeks and chin.

paprica, paprika (pap-re' -kah). The dried and
pulverized capsules of Capsicum annuum. Syn.,
Spanish pepper; Turkish pepper.

papula (pap'-u-lah). See papule.

papular (pap'-u-lar) [papula, papule]. Of the
nature of a papule.

papulation (pap-u-la' -shun) [papula, a pimple].
The stage, in certain eruptive diseases, marked by
the formation of papules.

papule (pap'-ul) [papula, a pimple: pi., papulce]. A,
small circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin, p.,'
moist, the syphilitic condyloma.

papuliferous (pap-u-lif'-er-us) [papula, a pimple;
ferre, to bear]. Pimply; covered with papulae.

papulosquamous (pap-u-lo-skwa'-mus). Charac-
terized by both papules and scales.

papyraceous (pap-ir-a'-se-us) [papyrus, paper].
Resembling paper, p. bone, the ethmoid bone.

Paquelin's cautery (pak-lan') [Claude Andre
Paquelin, French surgeon, 1836- ]. A hollow
platinum point kept at a uniform temperature by a
current of benzene vapor; a thermocautery.

par [L.]. A pair. p. vagum, the vagus nerves.

para- (par-ah-) [irapa, beyond; beside]. 1. A
prefix signifying beyond, beside, near, the opposite
of, etc. 2. In chemistry, prefixed to a derivative
of the benzol ring, it indicates the substitution of
two atoms of hydrogen situated opposite each other.

para-acetphenetidin (par-ah-as-et-fen-et'-id-in) .

Phenacetm.

para-acetophenolethyl carbonate (par-ah-as-et-o-fe-
nol-eth'-il kar'-bon-at) . A crystalline powder without
color or taste, used as an analgesic and hypnotic.
Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gin.).

para-amidoacetanilide (par-ah-am-id-o-as-et-an'-il-
id). See paraphenylendiamine.

para-analgesia (par-ah-an-al-je'-ze-ah) [para-; anal-
gesia]. Analgesia limited to the lower half of the
body.

para-anesthesia (par-ah-an-es-the'-ze-ah). Anes-
thesia of the body below the waist.

para-appendicitis (par-ah-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). Sup-
purative inflammation of the connective tissue
adjacent to that part of the appendix not covered
with the peritoneum.

parabanic acid (par-ab-an'-ik). See oxalylurea.

parabiosis (par-ah-bi-o'-sis) [para; /3iWis, living]. 1.
Union of two individuals in such a way that there
is some physiological intimacy between them. 2
Temporary suppression of conductivity in a nerve.

parabiotic (par-ah-bi-ot'-ik). Pertaining to or
characterized by parabiosis.

parablast (par'-ah-blast) [para-; jSAcurros, a germ].
That part of the mesoblast from which the blood-
vessels, lymphatic vessels, and other connective
tissues are developed.

parablastic (par-ah-blas'-tik) [parablast]. Per-
taining to the parablast.

parablastoma (par-ah-blas-to'-mah) [parablast; 6p.a,
tumor]. A tumor composed of parablastic tissue.

parablepsis (par-ah-blep'-sis) [para-; /SXe/'is, vision].
False or perverted vision.

parabulia (par-ab-u'-le-ah) [para-; fiovXrj, will].
Abnormality of volitional action.

paracanthoma (par-ak-an-tho'-mah) [para-; aKavda,
prickle; 6p.a, tumor]. A new growth affecting the
prickle-cell layer of the skin.

paracanthosis (par-ak-an-tho'-sis) [para-; avavda,
prickle; vbao%, disease: pi., par acanthoses]. Any
skin-disease characterized by some anomaly of the
prickle-cell layer.

paracasein (par-ah-ka'-se-in). A substance closely
resembling casein in composition and split off from
it during the coagulation of milk. Syn., curd.

paracele, paracoele (par'-as-el) [para-; Koihla, a hol-
low]. A lateral ventricle of the brain.

paracellulose (par-ah-sel'-u-los). A variety of
cellulose found in pith.

Paracelsian (par-as-el'-se-an). 1. Relating to the
Swiss physician and alchemist, Aurelius Phillippus
Theophrastus Bombastus Paracelsus ab-Hohenheim,
1 493- 1 54 1. 2. A follower of Paracelsus.

paracentesis (par-ah-sen-te'-sis) [para-; KkvT^ins,
puncture]. Puncture; especially puncture of the
wall of a cavity of the body, such as the thoracic
wall, cornea, tympanic membrane.

paracentetic (par-ah-sen-tet'-ik). Pertaining to
paracentesis.

paracentral (par-ah-sen'-tral) [para-; nevrpov, a
center]. Situated near the center. p. lobule,
convolution on the mesial surface of the cerebral
hemisphere uniting the upper ends of the ascending
frontal and ascending parietal convolutions.

paracephalus (par-ah-sef'-al-us) [para-; K*j>a\ij,
head]. A monster characterized by a rudimentary,
misshapen head and defective trunk and limbs.

parachloralose (par-ak-lor'-al-os) [para-; chloral].
A product of the action of chloral upon sugar. It is
insoluble in water and is practically inert.

parachlorphenol (par-ah-klor-fe'-nol), CeHUCC^OH.
A substitution-product of phenol. It is antiseptic,
disinfectant, and is employed in a 2 to 3 % ointment
in erysipelas, p. paste, a paste of equal parts of
lanolin, vaselin, starch, and parachlorphenol; it is
used in lupus.

parachlorsalol (par-ah-klor-sa'-lol). Parachlor-
phenol salicylate; used as an internal and external
antiseptic like phenyl salicylate. xDose 60-90 gr.
(4-6 Gm.) daily.

paracholesterin (par-ak-o-les'-ter-in) [para-; x°M.
bile; arkap, fat], C26H44O. One of the vegetable
cholesterins.

paracholia (par-ak-o'-le-ah) [para-; x°Xi7. bile].
1. Any abnormality in the secretion of bile. 2. The
prodrome of disturbed liver-cell activity in con-
sequence of which the bile pours over the blood-
vessels and lymph-vessels.

parachordal (par-ak-or'-dal) [para-; xopSij, a string;
specifically the chorda or notochord]. 1. One of
two bars of cartilage extending alongside the occipital
notochord in the human fetus. 2. Adjoining the
cephalochord; situated at the side of the cranial part
of the notochord of the embryo. 3. Pertaining to
the cartilaginous basis of the cranium in the
embryo.

paraenrea, parachroia (par-ak-re'-ah, par-ak-roi'-ah)
[para-; xpoia, color]. Morbid discoloration or
change of complexion.

parachroma (par-ak-ro'-mah) [para-; xp^Ma, color].
Change in color, especially in the natural color of the
skin.

parachromatin (par-ak-ro' -mat-in) [para-; chro-
matin]. That part of the nucleoplasm which forms
the spindle-threads during karyokinesis.

parachromatism (par-ak-ro' -mat-izm) [para- ; xp&Ma.
color]. False,, or incorrect perception of color.
It is not the same as true color-blindness, which it
may approach more or less completely.

parachromatoblepsia (par-ak-ro-mat-o-blep'-se-ah) .
See parachromatism.

parachromatosis (par-ak-ro-mat-o'-sis) [para- ;
xpoip-a, skin; voaos, disease]. Any one of the pig-
mentary skin-diseases.

parachromophore (par-ak-ro' -mo-f or) [para-; xp&p-a,
color; (popos, bearing]. Applied to chromogenic
bacteria that produce the pigment as an excretion-
product, but retain it in the organism.

parachromophoric, parachromophorous (par-ah-
kro-mo-for'-ik, par-ah-kro-mof'-or-us) [para-; xp&p.a,
color; <f>op6s, bearing]. Possessing color which
remains within the cell as a passive metabolic product,
as in some bacteria.

parachrosis (par-ak-ro' -sis) [para-; xp«<t«. color-
ing]. The existence of a pigmentary skin-disease.

parachymosin (par-ah-ki' -mo-sin) [para-; xvp-bs,
juice]. The chymosin or rennin found in the human
stomach and in that of the pig.

parachymosis (par-ak-i-mo'-sis) [para-; x^P-bs,
juice]. A morbid state of a secretion or a secreting
organ.

paracinesis (par-as-in-e'-sis) [para-; Kirrjcns, mo-
tion]. Morbid movement of the voluntary muscles,
arising from disease of the motor nerves or centers.

paraclonus (par-ak'-lo-nus). Synonym of para-
myoclonus.

paracmasis (par-ak' -mas-is). Synonym of par acme.

PARACMASTIC

651

PARAHYDROPIN

paracmastic (par-ak-mas'-tik) [par acme]. Pertain-
ing to the declining stage.

paracme (par-ak'-me) [para-; aK/irj, point, prime].
i. The degeneration or decadence of a group of
organisms after they have reached their acme of
development. 2. The period of decline of a disease.

paracnemion (par-ak-ne'-me-ori). Synonym of
fibula.

paracoele (par'-as-el). See paracele.

paracolitis (par-ak-o-li'-iis) [para-; colon; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer coat of
the colon.

paracolon (par-ah-ko'-lon). A term applied to a
group of bacilli intermediate between the typhoid
and colon group.

paracolpitis (par-ah-kol-pi'-tis) [para-; k6\wos,
vagina; irw, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
connective tissue about the vagina.

paracolpium (par-ah-kol'-pe-um) [para-; koKwos,
vagina]. The connective tissue lying around the
vagina.

paracondylar (par-ak-on'-dil-ar) [para-; k6v8v\os,
knuckle]. Situated alongside a condyle or a con-
dylar region.

paracondyloid (par-ak-on'-dil-oid) [para-; kovSvXos,
knuckle; eUos, form]. Adjoining the condyles.

paracoto (par-ah-ko'-to) [para-; Sp., colo, a cubit].
A South American tree the bark of which contains
a neutral substance, paracotoin, closely resembling
cotoin.

paracotoin (par-ah-ko'-to-in) . See under paracoto.

paracousia, paracousis (par-ah-koo'-se-ah, par-ah-
koo'-sis) [para-; aKoveiv, to hear]. See paracusia.

paracresol (par-ah-kre'-sol), CtHsO. A compound
of cresolsulphonate and potassium hydroxide used
as a disinfectant.

paracresotate {par-ah-kres'-o-tat), CeH3(OH)(CH3)-
CO^Na. A crystalline powder obtained by heating
sodium cresylate with carbonic acid; used in acute
articular rheumatism. Dose 45-90 gr. (3-6 Gm.) daily.

paracresylol (par-ah-kres'-il-ol) [para-; cresol].
A derivative of cresol.

paracrisis (par-ak'-ris-is) [para-; uplvetv, to secrete;
pi., paracrises]. Disorder of the secretory function.

paracrusis (par-ak-roo'-sis) [para-; Kpobetv, to strike].
1. Insanity, delirium. 2. The checking or "driving
in" of an eruption or exanthem.

paracusia, paracusis (par-ak-oo'-ze-ah, par-ak-oo'-sis)
[para-; anoveiv, to hear]. Any perversion of the sense
of hearing, p. acris, excessively acute hearing,
rendering the person intolerant of sounds, p.
duplicata, a condition in which all or only certain
sounds are heard double, p. localis, p. loci, difficulty
in estimating the direction of sounds met with in
unilateral deafness, or when the two ears hear un-
equally, p. obtusa, hardness of hearing, p. per-
versa, synonym of p. Willisiana. p. imaginaria,
tinnitus aurium, q. v. p. Willisiana, deafness in
quiet places with increased acuteness of hearing in
the midst of noise.

paracyclesis (par-ah-si-kle'-sis) [para-; kwcX^o-is, a
revolution]. A disturbance of the circulation.

paracyesis (par-as-i-e'-sis) [para-; kwi<tis, preg-
nancy]. Extra-uterine pregnancy.

paracystitis (par-ah-sis-li'-tis). Inflammation of
the connective tissue surrounding the bladder.

paracystium (par-ah-sis'-te-um) [para-; kvo-tis,
a bladder]. The connective tissue which surrounds
the bladder.

paracytic (par-a-si'-tik) [para-; kvtos, cell]. Lying
among cells.

paradenitis (par-ad-en-i'-tis) [para-; 6.8-hv, gland;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the areolar
tissue about a gland.

paradidymis (par-ah-did'-im-is) [para-; SiSvfios, tes-
ticle]. The organ of Giraldes, the atrophic remains
of the tubules of the Wolffian body, lying among
the convolutions of the epididymis.

paradiphtherial, paradiphtheritic (par-ah-dif-the'-
re-al, par-ah-dif-ther-it'-ik). Remotely or indirectly
related to diphtheria.

paradox (par'-ad-oks). See paradoxia. p., Web-
er's, a muscle when so loaded as to be unable to
contract, may elongate.

paradoxia (par-ad-oks'-e-ah) [irapa8o£os, incredible].
An absurd or contradictory statement or proposition.
p. sexualis, sexual excitement occurring indepen-
dently of the period of the physiological processes in
the generative organs; the abnormal exhibition of
sexual instincts in childhood or prior to puberty.

paradoxical contraction. A slow tonic contraction
occurring in a muscle when suddenly relaxed or when
its length is suddenly shortened, p. pulse. See
pulse, paradoxic.

paresthesia. See paresthesia.

paraffin, paraffinum (par'-af-in. par-af-i'-num)
[parum, little; a finis, affinity]. 1. Any saturated
hydrocarbon of the marsh-gas series, having the
formula CnRm+z. 2. A white, odorless, translucent
hydrocarbon (parajfinum, U. S. P.), obtained from
coal-tar or by the destructive distillation of wood,
paraffinum durum (B. P.), hard or solid paraffin,
a mixture of several of the harder members of the
paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It is usually
obtained by distillation from shale, p., liquid, a
liquid hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, paraffinum
molle, soft paraffin; the petrolatum of the U. S. P.
See petrolatum.

paraffinoma (par-ah-fin-o'-mah). A tumor sup-
posed to be due to the injection of paraffin into the
tissues.

paraflagellate {par-af-laj'-el-at) [para-; flagellum,
a flagellum]. Provided with paraflagella.

parafiagellum (par-af-laj-el'-um) [para-; flagellum,
a whip; pi., paraflagella]. A small supplementary
flagellum.

paraflocculus (par-af-lok'-u-lus). See flocculus.

paraform, paraformaldehyde (par'-ah-form, par-
ah-form-al' -de-hid). See formaldehyde, para-.

parafuchsin (par-ah-filk'-sin). A basic triphenyl-
methane dyestuff.

paragammacismus (par-ah-gam-ah-siz'-mus) [para- ;
vanna, the Greek letter 7]. Inability to pronounce
the hard "g," and also "k," other consonants being
substituted.^ as "d" or "t."

paraganglia cells (par-ah-gan'-gle-ah). Masses
or cords which originate in the embryonic sympa-
thetic ganglia. See chromaffin cells.

paraganglia (par-ah-gang'-lin). A proprietary
extract of the myelinic part of the suprarenal gland
of the ox.

paraganglion (par-ah-gang'-le-on) [para-; ganglion;
pi., paraganglia]. A collection of cells situated in
the medullary portion of the adrenal bodies.

parageusia, parageusis {par-ah-gu'-se-ah, par-ah-
gu'-sis) [para-; yevais, taste]. Perversion of the
sense of taste.

paraglobin (par-ag-lo'-bin). Same as paraglobulin.

paraglobulin {par-ah-glob'-u-lin) [para-; globulus,
a little ball]. A globulin found in blood-serum and
other fluids of the body. Syn., fibrinoplastin ;
fibroplastin ; serum-globulin.

paraglobulinuria (par-ah-glob-u-lin-ii'-re-ah) [para-
globulin ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of paraglobulin
in the urine.

paraglossa (par-ah-glos'-ah) [para-; y\cbo-va, the
tongue]. Swelling of the tongue; also, a hypertrophy
of the tongue, usually congenital.

paraglossia (par-ag-los'-e-ah) [para-; y\a><r<ra,
tongue]. Inflammation of the muscles and connec-
tive tissues under the tongue.

paragnathous (par-ag'-na-thus) [para-; yvaBos,
jaw]. 1. Having both mandibles of equal length,
their tips falling together, as in certain birds. 2. Per-
taining to paragnathus.

paragnathus {par-ag'-na-thus) [para-; yvafios, jaw].
A double monster having a supernumerary mandible
situated laterally.

paragomphosis (par-ag-om-pho' -sis) [para-; y6p.(j>03-
<m, a nailing]. Impaction of the fetal head in the
pelvic canal.

paragonimiasis (par-ah-go-ne-mi'-a-sis) . The con-
dition of being infected by the Paragonimus.

Paragonimus (par-ag-on'-im-us) . A genus of nema-
tode worms, p. Westermanii, the distoma pulmonale.

paragonorrheal (par-ah-gon-o-re'-al). Having an
indirect relation to gonorrhea.

paragraphia [par-ah-graf'-e-ah) [para-; ypcupeiv,
to write]. 1. A form of aphasia in which the person
writes the improper word or misplaces the words.
2. Inability to express ideas in writing.

Paraguay tea (par'-ah-gwi). See mate.

parahemoglobin (par-ah-hem-o-glo'-bin). 1. Nenc-
ki's name for a polymeric modification of oxyhemo-
globin. 2. A proprietary preparation of blood con-
taining 5 % of iron.

parahepatic (par-ah-he-pat'-ik) [para-; fiwap, liver].
About or near the liver.

parahydropin (par-ah-hi'-dro-pin). A proprietary
diuretic containing theobromine.

PARAHYPNOSIS

652

PARALYSIS

parahypnosis (par-ah-hip-no'-sis) [para-; virvos,
sleep]. Abnormal sleep, like that of hypnotism or
of narcosis.

parainfection (par-ah-in-fek'-shun). The presence
of symptoms which simulate those of an infectious
disease, without the specific microorganism of that
disease being present.

parainfectious (par-ah-in-fek'-shus) . Pertaining
to or characteristic of pathological states attributable
to infection, which occur as accessory or by-conditions
to some already existing disease.

parakanthosis (par-ak-an-tho'-sis). See par acan-
thosis.

parakeratosis (par-ak-er-at-o'-sis) [para-; Kepas,
horn; vbcros, disease]. Any disease of the skin
characterized by an abnormal quality of the horny
layer, p. variegata, a rare skin-affection charac-
terized by the presence upon the entire surface of
the body of a red exanthem leaving small, irregular,
sunken patches of normal skin, and giving to the
surface a reticulated appearance.

parakinesis (par-ak-in-e'-sis) . See paracinesis.

paralactate (par-ah-lak'-tat). A salt of paralactic
acid.

paralactic acid (par-ah-lak'-tik). See acid, sar co-
lactic.

paralalia (par-ah-la'-le-ah) [para-; XaXid, speech].
Disturbance of the faculty of speech.

paralambdacism, paralambdacismus {par-al-am'-
das-izm, par-al-am-das-iz'-mus) [para-; lambda, the
letter X]. Inability to pronounce the letter /, or the
substitution of other consonants as t, r, s, w for I.

paralbumin (par-al-bii'-min) [para-; albumin].
A protein substance found in ovarian cysts.

paraldehyde (par-al'-de-htd) [para-; aldehyde],
C6H12O3. A polymeric form of aldehyde, occurring
as a colorless liquid of repulsive odor and unpleasant
taste, with powerful hypnotic properties. It is
used in delirium tremens, mania, tetanus, and other
nervous affections. Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc).

paraldol (par-al'-dol) [para-; aldehyde], (C4Hs02)n.
A polymer of aldol that melts at between 80 ° and
900 C.

paraleipsis (par-al-ip'-sis) [para-; &\ei<f>elv, to
anoint]. A disorder of the sebaceous secretion.

paralerema (par-al-er-e'-mah) [para-; \ripr)p.a,
utterance]. Delirium, or delirious utterance.

paraleresis (par-al-er-e'-sis) [para-; Xrjp-fiais, speech].
Delirium, or moderate mental disturbance.

paralexia (par-ah-leks'-e-ah) [para-; Xe£is, speech]
Disturbance of the power of reading, consisting in
the transposition or substitution of words or syl-
lables.

paralgesia {par-al-je'-ze-ah) [para-; a\yos, pain].
An abnormal painful sensation; painful paresthesia.

paralgia (par-al'-je-ah) [para-; &\yos, pain]. Any
perverted and disagreeable cutaneous sensation, as
of formication, cold, burning, etc.

paralinin {par-al-i'-nin) [para-; linin, parachro-
matin]. In biology, the nuclear sap or matrix, a
protein of the globulin class, similar to those found
in the cell-protoplasm. Cf. paramitome, paraplasm.

parallactic (par-al-ak'-tik). Pertaining to parallax.

parallagma (par-al-ag'-ma) [irapaXXayp-a, alterna-
tion]. The overriding or overlapping of the ends of a
fractured bone.

parallax {par'-al-aks) [para-; aXXos, other]. The
apparent displacement of an object due to a change
in the position of the observer, or by looking at it
alternately with one eye and then with the other.
p., binocular, the angle of convergence of the visual
axes, p., crossed, p., heteronymous, that in which
the object moves away from the uncovered eye.
p., homonymous, that in which the object moves
toward the uncovered eye. p., mental, a slight
personal equation in observation due to one's stand-
point, p., stereoscopic. See p., binocular, p. test,
for locating opacities in the cornea, lens, and vitreous.
It is used with the plane mirror at ten to twelve
inches. A body situated anterior to the plane of the
pupil will move in the direction taken by the eye,
while one posterior to the plane of the lens will move
against the direction taken by the eye. Bodies lying
about the same plane as the pupil will show little
if any movement, p., vertical, that in which the
object moves upward or downward.

parallelism (par'-al-el-izm). See isopathy. p. of
disease, the tendency in diseases to simulate others.

paralogia (par-ah-lo'-je-ah) [para-; X670S, reason].
Difficulty in thinking logically, p., thematic, a

condition in which the thought is unduly concen-
trated on one subject.

paralogism (par-al'-o-jism) [para-; \6yos, reason].
The logical error of considering effects or unrelated
phenomena as the cause of a condition.

paralysant (par-al-i'-zant). See paralyzant.

paralysin (par-al'-is-in). See agglutinin.

paralysis (par-aV-is-is) [para-; \veiv, to loosen].
A loss of motion or of sensation in a part, p., acute
amyotrophic spinal. Same as p., infantile, p.,
acute ascending. See Landry's disease, p., acute
atrophic. See p., infantile, p., acute progressive.
See Landry's disease, p. agitans, an affection
marked by tremor or alternate contraction and
relaxation of the muscles of the part involved. It
usually begins in one hand and seldom affects the
head. The movements persist during rest and are
little influenced by voluntary motion. Late in the
disease there is a typical gait (festination), which
consists in progressive increase of the gait until the
patient breaks into a run which grows faster and
faster until he falls or seizes some support. The
disease is most common in males over forty and
may last thirty or forty years. Syn., Parkinson's
disease; shaking palsy, p., alcoholic, multiple
neuritis from alcoholism, p., amyotrophic, that
occurring as the sequel of some acute disease, and
attended by atrophy of certain muscles, p., angio-.
See angioparalysis. p., ascending, a form of paralysis
marked by loss of motor power in the legs, gradually
extending upward, p., asthenic bulbar. See myas-
thenia gravis pseudoparalytica. p.,x atrophic bulbar.
Same as p., bulbar, p., atrophic muscular. See
p., amyotrophic. _ p. atrophic spinal. See p. infantile.
p., atrophospastic. See amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
p., Bell's. See p., facial, p., bifacial, paralysis of
both sides of the face, p., birth-. See paraplegia,
infantile spasmodic, p., brachial, palsy affecting
one or both arms, p., brachiofacial, that affecting
both arm and face, p., Brown-Sequard's, a motor
paralysis of one side of the body with sensory paralysis
of the other side, p., bulbar, a form due to the de-
generation of the nuclei of origin of the nerves arising
in the oblongata, p., central, a paralysis due to a
lesion of the brain or spinal cord, p., cerebral, a
paralysis due to a brain-lesion, p., cortical, that
due to lesion of the cerebral cortex, p., crossed, a
paralysis of the arm and leg of one side, associated
with either a facial paralysis or a paralysis of the
oculomotor nerve of the opposite side, p., crural,
that chiefly affecting the thighs, p., crutch. See
crutch paralysis, p., Cruveilhier's, progressive mus-
cular atrophy, p., diphtheritic, a motor paralysis
due to the action of the diphtheria toxin on the
nervous system, chiefly on the peripheral nerves.
p., divers'. See caisson disease, p., Duchenne's.
See Duchenne's paralysis, p., Erb's, a partial par-
alysis of the brachial plexus, involving the nerves
supplying the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus,
and supinator longus, often the supinator brevis,
and occasionally the infraspinatus and subscapularis
muscles, p., facial, a paralysis of the muscles of the
face, usually of one side only, due to central dis-
ease or due to a lesion of the facial nerve, p. festi-
nans, a phase of paralysis agitans in which the
patient walks as if hurried forward, p., general,
of the insane, an organic disease of the brain char-
acterized by progressive loss of power and by a deteri-
oration of the mental faculties, ending eventually
in dementia and death. The main symptoms may
be divided into psychic, motor, and sensory. The
psychic symptoms are principally a change of char-
acter and delusions of grandeur; the motor are
weakness, tremor, disturbance of speech, apoplecti-
form or epileptiform seizures, and finally motor
paralysis; there is often inequality of the pupils,
with miosis or mydriasis; sensory symptoms are
slight and consist chiefly in paresthesias. The
causes are obscure — -syphilis and severe nervous
strain are important factors. Syn., general paresis;
paralytic dementia; paretic dementia; progressive
paralysis of the insane, p., glossolabial. Same as
p., bulbar, p., glossOlabiolaryngeal, bulbar paralysis.
p., histrionic, a name for Bell's facial palsy, because
it destroys the power of facial expression, p., hys-
terical, that associated with hysteria, but without
any causative: lesion, p., incomplete, partial loss
of power, p., infantile, a disease peculiar to child-
hood, and characterized by sudden paralysis of one
or more limbs or of individual muscle-groups, and

PARALYTIC

653

PARAMUSIA

followed by rapid wasting of the affected parts, with
reaction of degeneration and deformity. The
paralysis is due to changes in the anterior cornua
of the gray matter of the spinal cord, and is probably
the result of infection. Syn. acute anterior polio-
myelitis; acute atrophic paralysis; atrophic spinal
paralysis; essential paralysis, p., ischemic, paralysis
of a part due to stoppage of the circulation, e. g.,
paralysis of the lower limb following embolism or
thrombosis of the femoral artery, p., Klumpke's,
a paralysis involving the lower portion of the brachial
plexus, the eighth cervical and first dorsal nerves,
and characterized by paralysis of the small muscles
of the hand, of some of the muscles of the forearm,
with anesthesia in the distribution of the ulnar and
median nerves. Pupillary changes may be present.
p., Landry's. See Landry's disease, p., lead-,
a paralysis due to lead, usually of the extensors of
the wrist, causing wrist-drop. It is nearly always
bilateral, and is caused by a peripheral neuritis induced
by the lead-poisoning, p., Little's, infantile spas-
modic paraplegia, p., local, that confined to one
muscle or one group of muscles, p., mimetic. See
Bell's paralysis, p., motor, paralysis of the voluntary
muscles, p., musculospiral, paralysis of the extensors
and supinators of the wrist, due to an injury or to
inflammation of the musculospiral nerve, p., myo-
sclerotic. See p., pseudohypertrophic muscular, p.,
narcosis, pressure paralysis in the region of the bra-
chial plexus due to prolonged narcosis, during which
the arm is elevated with the head resting upon it or
it is pressed against the edge of the table, p.,
nuclear, one due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of a
cranial nerve, p., obstetrical, any paralysis of the
child resulting from injuries received during delivery.
p., oculomotor, that attacking the oculomotor nerve.
p., peripheral, loss of power due to a lesion of the
nervous motor mechanism between the nuclei of
origin and peripheral termination, p., postdiph-
theritic. See p., diphtheritic, p., pressure, paralysis
of a group of muscles supplied by a nerve which has
been subjected to prolonged pressure, p., pseudo-
bulbar, a symmetrical lesion of the halves of the
cerebrum producing paralysis of the lips, the tongue,
and the larynx or the pharynx, p., pseudohyper-
trophic muscular, a chronic disease characterized by
progressive muscular weakness, associated with an
apparent hypertrophy of the affected muscles. The
disease usually begins in the muscles of the calf,
and spreads over the body, the muscles of the hand
almost always escaping. There are marked lordosis
and a peculiar gait, with wide separation of the legs
and swaying of the body from side to side. The
characteristic symptom is the manner in which the
patient arises from the floor — he "climbs" up on his
legs, on account of the weakened state of the extensor
muscles of the back. It is most common in young
male children. The disease is entirely myopathic,
no adequate nerve-lesion having as yet been dis-
covered. The muscles are the seat of hypertrophy
and atrophy of muscular fibers, hyperplasia of
the connective tissue, and fatty infiltration, p.,
reflex, the paralysis sometimes following immediately
upon a wound of a nerve, or the paraplegia some-
times due to irritation of an adherent prepuce. Other
so-called reflex palsies, as that from renal calculus,
are probably due to secondary changes in the spinal
cord or nerves, p., segmental, that of a segment
of a limb produced by hypnotism, p., sensory,
anesthesia, p., spastic, a paralysis associated with
rigidity" of the muscles and heightened tendon-
reflexes, p., spastic spinal, lateral sclerosis, p.
spinalis, paraplegia, p., vasomotor, paralysis of the
vasomotor center or of the vasomotor nerves; it
leads to dilatation of the blood-vessels, p., wasting,
progressive muscular atrophy, p., writers', writers'
cramp.

paralytic (par-al-it'-ik). i. Of the nature of
paralysis; affected with paralysis. 2. A person
suffering from paralysis; also one suffering from
general paralysis of the insane, p. dementia, general
paresis, p. flail-joint, flail-joint the result of par-
alysis.

paralyzant (par-al-l'-zant) [paralysis]. 1. Causing
paralysis. 2. An agent or drug that induces par-
alysis, p., motor, a drug paralyzing any part of
the motor apparatus: the motor cells of the spinal
cord, the motor nerves, or the muscles.

paralyzing vertigo. See Gerlier's disease.

paramagnetic (par-ah-mag-nef -ik) . Exhibiting a

polarity in the same direction as the magnetizing
force.

paramagnetism (par-ah-mag' '-net-izm) [para-; mag-
net]. The phenomena exhibited by paramagnetic
substances.

paramastitis (par-ah-mas-ti'-tis) [para-; mastitis].
Inflammation of the connective tissue about the
mamma.

paramastoid (par-am-as'-toid) [para-; mastoid].
1. Situated near the mastoid process. 2. The
jugular process of the occipital bone.

Paramecium (par-am-e' -se-um) [para-; nrjvos, length:
pi., paramecia]. A longitudinal fissure.

Paramecium or Paramoecium (par-ah-me' -se-um).
A genus of ciliate protozoa. P. cob:, a species found
in normal and diarrheal stools. Also called Balanti-
dium coli.

paramedian (par-am-e' -de-an) [para-; medius,
middle]. Situated near the median line. p. sulcus,
a fissure present in the cervical portion of the spinal
cord, not far from the posterior median fissure, and
separating the column of Goll from the funiculus
cuneatus.

paramenia (par-ah-me' -ne-ah) [para-; pf/ves, men-
ses]. Difficult or disordered menstruation.

paramesial (par-ah-me' -ze-al) [para-; fieaos, middle].
Located near the mesial line.

parametric (par-ah-met'-rik) [parametrium]. Per-
taining to the tissues about the uterus.

parametrism (par-ah-met'-rizm) [parametrium].
Painful spasm of the smooth muscular fibers of the
broad ligament.

parametritic (par-am-et-rit'-ik) [para-; urirpa,
uterus ; irts, inflammation]. Relating to, of the nature
of, or affected with, parametritis.

parametritis (par-ah-met-ri'-tis) [parametrium; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the cellular tissue
about the uterus; pelvic cellulitis, p., anterior,
that in which the inflammation is limited to the
loose vesicouterine cellular tissue or that between the
symphysis and the bladder. The swelling is anterior,
and the pus generally tracks into the bladder, vagina,
or inguinal region, p. chronica atrophicans, in-
flammatory hypertrophy of the connective tissue of
the pelvis progressing to cicatricial atrophy, p.
chronica posterior, chronic inflammatory processes
in Douglas' folds, causing fixation of the uterus at
the level of the internal os and anteflexion by shorten-
ing of the folds and torsion of the uterus when only
one fold is shortened, p., remote, parametritis
marked by formation of abscesses in places more or
less remote from the focus of the disease.

parametrium (par-ah-me' -tre-um) [para-; p.r\rpa,
womb]. The connective tissue surrounding the
uterus.

paramimia (par-ah-mim'-e-ah) [para-; (ii/ieiadai,
to mimic]. A form of aphasia characterized by the
faulty use of gestures.

paramitome (par -ah-mi' -torn) [para-; niros, a
thread]. The fluid portion of the cell-substance,
contained in the meshes of the mitome.

paramnesia (par-am-ne'-ze-ah) [para-; amnesia].
Illusion of memory, especially the illusion of feeling,
as if one had already undergone the experience
which may be passing.

paramcecium. See Paramecium.

paramonochlorphenol (par-ah-mon-o-klor-fe'-nol) ,
C6H4(C1) . OH(i : 4). A crystalline body obtained
by the chlorination of phenol; it is antiseptic and
employed in erysipelas, tuberculous diseases of
throat, etc., in 5 to 20 % solution in glycerol.

paramorphia (par-am-or'-fe-ah) [para-; nop<p-h,
form]. Abnormality of form.

paramorphic (par-am-or'-fik) [para-; nop<pfi, form].
Pertaining to paramorphism.

paramorphine (par-ak-mor'-fen). See thebaine.

paramorphism (par-am-orf'-izm) [para-; p.op<pr),
form]. In chemistry, a variety of pseudomorphism
in which there is a change of molecular structure
without alteration of external form or chemical
constitution.

paramorphosis (par-am-or-fo'-sis) [para-; nop<t>r),
form]. Same as paramorphism.

paramucin (par-ah-mu'-sin). A colloid isolated
from ovarian cysts; it differs from mucin and pseudo-
mucin by reducing Fehling's solution before boiling
with acid.

paramusia (par-ah-mu'-ze-ah) [para-; novomri,
music]. A form of aphasia in which there is per-

PARAMYOCLONUS

654

PARAPOPHYSIS

version of the musical sense, resulting in the pro-
duction of improper notes and intervals.

paramyoclonus multiplex (par-ah-mi-ok'-lonus
mul'-tip-leks). A neurosis marked by sudden, shock-
like muscular contractions, which are bilateral and
do not, as a rule, affect the hands or face. The
etiology is unknown, and the disease is believed to be
analogous to chronic adult chorea.

paramyosinogen (par-ah-mi-o-sin'-o-jen). One of
the proteins of muscle-plasma, coagulating at 47 ° C.

paramyotonia (par-ah-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [para-; p,vs,
muscle; tovos, tone]. A perversion of muscular
tonicity characterized by tonic spasms. It is
usually congenital, p. congenita, congenital para-
myotonia. See Thomsen's disease.

paranephrin (par-ah-nef'-rin). A preparation
obtained from the suprarenal gland. See also
adrenalin chloride.

paranephritis (par-ah-nef-ri'-tis). 1. Inflammation
of the paranephros. 2. Inflammation of the con-
nective tissue about the kidney.

paranephros (par-ah-nef'-ros) [para-; vt<ppb$, kid-
ney]. The suprarenal capsule.

paranesthesia (par-an-es-the'-ze-ah). See para-
anesthesia.

paraneural (par-ah-nu'-ral) [para-; vevpov, nerve].
Beside or near a nerve.

paraneurismus (par-an-u-riz'-mus) [para-; vevpov,
nerve]. A nervous disorder, or perversion of nerve-
function.

parangi (par-an'-je). See frambesia.

paranoea (par-an-e'-ah). See paranoia.

paranoia (par-ah-noi'-ah) [para-; vovs, mind].
Mental aberration, especially a chronic disease
characterized by systematized delusions.

paranoiac (par-ah-noi'-ak) [paranoia]. 1. Affected
with paranoia. 2. A person who is affected with
paranoia; a "crank."

paranoid (par'-an-oid). Resembling paranoia.

paranomia (par-ah-no'-me-ah) [para-; 6vop.a, a
name]. See aphasia, optic, and a., tactile.

paranuclear (par-an-u'-kle-ar). Pertaining to the
paranucleus.

paranucleate {par-an-u'-kle-at). Provided with a
paranucleus.

paranuclein {par-ah-nu'-kle-in). A combination
of albumin with metaphosphoric acid, split off from
the nucleoalbumins by action of pepsin hydrochloric
acid.

paranucleolus (par-ah-nu-kle'-o-lus) [para-; nucle-
olus]. An irregular body sometimes found inside
the nucleus of a cell prior to the division of the latter.

paranucleon (par-ah-nu'-kle-on). Phosphocarnic
acid, a complex body supposed to constitute the
source of muscle energy. It gives rise to lactic acid
and CO2 on hydrolysis.

paranucleoprotein (par-ah-nil-kle-o-pro'-te-in). A
synonym of nucleoalbumin.

paranucleus (par-ah-nu'-kle-us) [para-; nucleus,
kernel]. An irregular spherical body lying in the
protoplasm of a cell near the nucleus and perhaps
extruded by the latter.

paraoxyethylacetanilide (par-ah-oks-e-eth-il-as-et-
an'-il-id) . Acetphenetidin.

parapancreatic (par-ah-pan-kre-at'-ik). Situated
beside or near the pancreas, p. abscess, an abscess
in the tissue alongside of the pancreas.

paraparesis (par-ah-par'-es-is, or par-ah-par-e' -sis) .
Partial paralysis of the lower extremities.

paraparetic {par-ap-ar-et'-ik) [para-; paresis].
Pertaining to, or affected with, paraparesis.

parapathia (par-ap-ath'-e-ah) [para-; iriBos, affec-
tion]. Moral insanity.

parapedesis (par-ah-ped-e'-sis) [para-; irk8r)<TLs, a
bending]. Passage of any secretion or excretion
through other than the normal channel.

parapeptone (par-ah-pep'-ton). See peptone.
paraperitoneal (par-ah-per-it-o-ne'-al). Situated
near the peritoneum.

paraphasia (par-ah-fa'-ze-ah) [para-; <p&<ns, speech].
A form of aphasia in which there is inability to
connect ideas with the proper words to express the
ideas.

paraphenetolcarbamide (par-ah-fe-net-ol-kar'-bam-
id). Sucrol.

paraphenylendiamine (par-ah-fen-il-en-di'-am-in) ,
C6HsN2. A crystalline substance obtained by the
nitration of acetanilide and reduction with tin and
hydrochloric acid. It is used in the manufacture of
certain hair-dyes, and gives rise to eczema of the

scalp and eyelids, or poisoning marked by vomiting,
diarrhea, etc.

paraphia (par-af'-e-ah) [para-; a<pv, touch]. Ab-
normality of the sense of touch.

paraphimosis {par-ah-fi-mo'-sis). Retraction and
constriction of the prepuce behind the glans penis.

paraphonia (par-ah-fo'-ne-ah) [para-; <j>wfj, voice].
Any abnormal condition of the voice, p. clangens,
shrillness of the voice, p. puberum, p. pubescentium,
the harsh, deep, irregular voice noticed in boys
at puberty.

paraphora (par-af'-o-rah) [irapa<t>opa, wandering].
1. Slight mental derangement or distraction. 2. Un-
steadiness due to intoxication.

paraphrasia (par-ah-fra'-ze-ah) [para-; <j>paais,
utterance]. A form of aphasia characterized by
incoherence of speech, p. praeceps, precipitant
utterance of incoherent speech, p. tarda, abnormal
delay in the expression of thoughts, p. verbalis,
the interpolation of an inappropriate word. p.
vesana, jumbling of words and ideas.

paraphrenesis (par-af-ren-e'-sis) [para-; <pp-qv,
mind]. Amentia; delirium, or insanity.

paraphrenia, paraphrenias (par-ah-fre'-ne-ah, par-
ah-fren-i'-tis) [para-; <ppi)v, mind; diaphragm].

1. Delirium; a mental disease. 2. Inflammation
of the diaphragm.

paraphrenitis (par-ah-fre-ni'-tis) [para-; fypty,
diaphragm; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissues adjacent to the diaphragm.

paraphronesis (par-af-ro-ne'-sis) [para-; <ppi)v,
mind]. Insanity.

paraphysis (par-af'-is-is) [para-; $veiv, to pro-
duce: pi., paraphyses], 1. In biology, sterile fila-
ments among reproductive bodies of various kinds
in certain cryptogams. 2. A mesal outgrowth
from the roof of the brain cephalad of the epiphysis
or conarium.

paraplasm (par'-ah-plazm) [para-; irXdana, a thing

formed]. 1. The fluid substance in the meshes of

the cell-protoplasm. 2. A heteroplasm or false

growth.

paraplast (par'-ah-plast). A proprietary plaster mass.

paraplastic (par-ah-plas'-tik) [paraplasm]. 1. Of
the nature of paraplasm. 2. Having morbid forma-
tive powers, p. formations, the contractile sub-
stance of the muscular fibrils, the nervous fibers,
and the red blood-corpuscles.

paraplectic (par-ap-lek'-tik) [para-; irXrjyr}, a
stroke]. Stricken with paraplegia.

paraplegia (par-ah-ple'-je-ah) [para-; irXrjyr), stroke].
Paralysis of the lower half of the body or of the
lower extremities, p., ataxic, a disease charac-
terized clinically by a combination of ataxia and
exaggerated tendon-reflexes, and anatomically by
sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the
cord. p. diabetica, a peripheral paralysis of the
extensor muscles of the feet in diabetic subjects.
It differs from tabes in absence of disturbance of
coordination and sensibility, p. dolorosa, painful
pressure-paraplegia due to neoplasms in the spinal
cord, p., ideal, reflex paraplegia due to emotion, p.,
infantile spasmodic, a spastic paralysis coming on
in early childhood, and usually dependent on a
cerebral lesion with failure of proper development
or secondary sclerosis of the motor tracts of the spinal
cord. The causes are injuries during birth, intrauter-
ine cerebral inflammation, or anomalies of brain-
development. Syn., birth-palsy; spasmodic tabes
dor sails; spastic cerebral paraplegia, p. simplex
senilis, that dependent upon disturbed nutrition of
the cortex, causing, in advanced age, paralysis of
the legs without muscular atrophy, p., spastic,
lateral sclerosis, p., tetanoid, lateral sclerosis.

paraplegic {par-ah-ple'-jik) [paraplegia]. Per*
taining to, or affected with, paraplegia.

paraplegiform (par-ah-ple'-je-form). Resembling
paraplegia.

parapleuritis {par-ah-ploo-ri'-tis). 1. Pleurodynia.

2. A slight degree of pleuritis. 3. Inflammation of
the wall of the chest.

paraplexus (par-ap-leks'-us) [para-; plexus, a
braid]. The choroid plexus of the paracele or
lateral ventricle of the brain.

parapneumonia {par-ah-nu-mo'-ne-ah). A disease
presenting the symptom of lobar pneumonia, but
not due to the pneumococcus.

parapophysis (par-ap-off'-is-is) [para-; &Tr6<pv<ris,
offshoot]. In comparative anatomy, the process
homologous to the lower process of a vertebra.

PARAPOPLEXY

655

PARATROPE

parapoplexy (par-ap'-o-pleks-e) [para-; apoplexy].
A masked or slight form of apoplexy.

paraproctitis (par-ah-prok-ti'-tis). Inflammation
of the connective tissue about the rectum.

paraproctium (par-ap-rok'-te-um) [para-; itpwktos,
anus]. The connective tissue that surrounds the
rectum.

parapsis (par-ap'-sis) [para-; iixpLs, a touching].
Perversion of the sense of touch.

parapyknomorphous (par-ah-pik-no-mor'-fus)

[para-; ttvkvos, thick; ixop4>-q, form]. A term applied
to nerve-cells in which the arrangement of the
stainable portion of cell-body is intermediate between
that of pyknomorphous and apyknomorphous
cells.

paraqueduct (par-ak'-we-duct) [para-; aqueduct].
The lateral portion of the aqua^ductus cerebri.

pararectal {par-ar-ek'-tal) [para-; rectum]. Beside
or near the rectum, p. pouch, a peritoneal de-
pression behind the broad ligament and beside the
rectum.

parareducine (par-ah-re-dil'-sen) [para-; reducer e,
to lead back]. A leukomaine found in conjunction
with reducine in the urine.

pararhotacfsm {par-ah-ro' -tas-izm) . See rhotacism.

pararhythmus (par-ar-ith'-mus) [para-; rhythm].
Disturbed rhythm.

pararthrema, pararthresis (par-ar-thre'-mah, par-
ar-thre'-sis) [para-; apBpov, joint]. Subluxation.

pararthria (par-ar'-thre-ah) [para-; ap&pov, articu-
lation]. A disorder of articulate speech.

parasacral (par-ak-sa'-kral). Beside or near the
sacrum.

parasalpingitis {par-ah-sal-pin-ji'-tis) . Inflamma-
tion of the tissues around an oviduct.

parasecretion (par-as-e-kre'-shun) [para-; secernere,
to secrete]. Any abnormality of secretion; any
substance abnormally secreted.

parasigmatism (par-ah-sig'-mat-izm) [para-; o-lyfia,
the Greek letter s]. The inability to pronounce
"s" or "sh,", another letter, as "/." being substituted.

parasinoidal (par-ah-sin-oi'-dal) [para-; sinus].
Lying near or along a cerebral sinus, p. spaces,
the expansion of the cerebral veins just before
emptying into the superior longitudinal sinus.

parasite (par'-ah-sit) [para-; alros, food], i. An
animal or vegetable living upon or within another
organism, termed the host. 2. In teratology, a
fetus or fetal parts attached to or included in another
fetus; an autosite. p., autochthonous, a parasite
which is descended from the tissues of the host.
p., endophytic, one living within the tissues of its
host, p., epiphytic, one living on the surface, p.,
facultative, one usually parasitic, but able to live
alone, p., obligate, one that dies without its
host.

parasitic (par-ah-sit'-ik) [parasite], 1 . Of the nature
of a parasite; living upon or in an animal or vegetable,
as parasitic bacteria, parasitic worms. 2. Caused
by parasites, as parasitic skin diseases.

parasiticide (par-ah-sit'-is-id) [parasite; ccedere,
to kill]. 1. Destructive to parasites. 2. An agent
capable of destroying parasites, especially one
destroying the parasites living upon or in the skin.

parasitifer (par-ah-sit'-if-er [parasite; <j>kpetv, to
bear]. The host of a parasite.

parasitism (par'-ah-si-tizm) [parasite]. The rela-
tion that a parasite bears to its host; infestion by
parasites.

parasitize {par' -as-it-iz) [para-; alros, food]. To
infest; the act of one organism becoming parasitic
within or upon another.

parasitogenesis (par-as-it-o-jen'-es-is) [para-; alros,
food; yeveo-is, genesis]. 1. The formation of para-
sites. 2. A bodily condition favoring the develop-
ment of parasites.

parasitogenetic (par-ah-si-to-jen-et'-ik) [parasite ;
yewav, to beget]. Produced by parasites; depending
for its origin upon parasites.

parasitologist {par-as-it-ol'-o-jist). One versed in
parasitology.

parasitology (par-ah-si-iol'-o-je) [parasite; \6yos,
science]. The study of parasites.

parasitosis (par-as-it-o'-sis) [para-; alros, food;
voaos, disease]. Any disease dependent upon the
presence of parasites. The development of a para-
sitic disease.

parasitotrope, parasitotropic (par-ah-si' '-to-lrop ,
par-ah-si-to-trop' -ik) . A substance in the blood
with a special affinity for parasites.

parasitotropic {par-ah-si-to-trop' -ik) [parasite;

rpdiros, a turn]. Pertaining to a substance which is
attracted by a (micro-) parasite.

parasoma (par-ah-so'-mah) [para-; <r&p.a, body].
An irregular body found in cell-protoplasm and
situated near the nucleus.

paraspadia (par-ah-spa'-de-ah) [para-; o-iraeiv, to
draw]. A condition in which the urethia opens on
one side of the penis.

paraspasm (par'-ah-spazm). 1. Spasm involving
both lower extremities. 2. Spastic paraplegia.

parastata (par-as'-tat-ah) [para-; Lo-ravai, to stand].

1. The epididymis. 2. The prostate gland.
parastatadenitis (par-as-tat-ad-en-i'-tis). 1. Epi-
didymitis. 2. Prostatitis.

parastatitis (par-as-tat-i'-lis). 1. Epididymitis.

2. Prostatitis.

parasteatosis (par-as-te-at-o'-sis) [para-; arkap,
a hard fat]. An altered condition of the sebaceous
secretion.

parasternal (par-ah-ster'-nal) [para-; sternum].
Beside or near the sternum. ' p. line, an imaginary
vertical line midway between the margin- of the ster-
num and the line passing through the nipple, p.
region, the region between the sternal margin and
the parasternal line.

parastramnia, parastremma (par-as-tram'-ne-ah,
par-as-trem' -ah) [■Ka.pa.o-rpk4>€iv, to twist]. Distortion
of the mouth or face.

parasynapsis (par-ah-sin-ap'-sis) [para-; awairreiv,
to unite]. The union of chromosomes side by side.
Cf. telosynapsis.

parasynovitis (par-ah-sin-o-vi'-tis) Inflammation
of the structures about a joint.

parasyphilis, parasyphilosis (par-ah-sif'-il-is, -sif-
il-o'-sis). A series of morbid manifestations not
having the anatomicopathological characteristics of
syphilis, but apparently of syphilitic origin,; e. g.
tabes, general paralysis, etc.

parasyphilitic (par-as-if-il-it'-ik) [para-; syphilis].
Not unlike syphilis, or in some way resembling
syphilis.

parasystole (par-as-is'-to-le) [para-; systole]. 1.
The interval between the cardiac systole and the
diastole. 2. Such an interval when it is abnormally
prolonged.

parateresiomania (par-at-er-es-e-o-ma'-ne-ah) [irapa-
Trjprjtns, observation; p.avla, madness]. A mania for
observing, or seeing new sights.

parathelioma (par-ah-the-le-o'-mah) [para-; #77X17,
nipple; 6/m, a tumor]. A tumor located near the nipple.

parathenar (par-ath-e'-nar) [para-; Bkvap, the sole
of the foot]. Applied to the abductor and flexor
brevis muscles of the little toe.

parathymia (par-ath-i'-me-ah) [para-; 6vn6s, mind].
Mental strain, or overwork.

parathyrine (par-ah-thi'-ren) [para-; thyroid]. The
active principle of the parathyroid glands.

parathyroid (par-ah-tki'-roid). 1. Lying beside
the thyroid gland. 2. An accessory thyroid gland.

parathyroidectomy (par-ah-thi-roid-ek'-to-me)

[para-; thyroid; i/crop-fi, an excision]. Excision of a
parathyroid gland.

parathyroidin (par-ah-thi-roi'-din). Trade name
of a preparation made from the parathyroid glands.

parathyroprivic (par-ah-thi-ro-priv'-ik) [parathyroid;
privus, deprived of]. Pertaining to the condition
due to loss of function of or removal of the para-
thyroid glands.

paratoloid (par-al'-o-loid). A name given to the
fluid used by Koch in the treatment of tuberculosis;
tuberculin.

paratonia (par-ah-io'-ne-ah) [para-; tow, tension].
Overextension: excessive tension.

paratopia (par-al-o'-pe-ah) [para-; tokos, place].
Displacement.

paratoxin (par-ah-toks'-in). A bile preparation
containing cholesterin, but without bile-pigments;
it has been used in tuberculosis.

paratrichosis (par-ah-trik-o'-sis) [para-; dpi%, hair].
A condition in which the hair is either imperfect in
growth or develops in abnormal places.

paratrimma (par-ah-trim'-ah) [para-; rplfitiv, to
rub]. Intertrigo.

paratripsis (par-at-rip'-sis) [para-: rpl&eiv, to rub].
1. A rubbing. 2. An increase in waste.

paratriptic (par-at-rip'-tik) [para-; rplfieiv, to rub].
Rubbing together; increasing waste.

paratrope (par-at'-ro-pe) [para-; rpkireiv, to turn].
Twisting of a limb.

PARATROPHY

656

PARIES

paratrophy (par-at'-ro-fe) [para-; rpotpij, nutrition],
i. Perverted or abnormal nutrition; hypertrophy.
2. Adiposis dolorosa.

paratuberculosis {par-ah-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis). A dis-
ease with symptoms similar to tuberculosis, but in
which the tubercle bacillus cannot be found.

paratyphlitis (par-ah-tif-li'-tis). Inflammation of
the connective tissue behind the cecum.

paratyphoid (par-ah-ti'-foid). An affection pro-
duced by the paracolon bacillus, presenting all the
characteristic symptoms of typhoid, but in which
the Widal reaction is negative; the serums, however,
react promptly to other bacteria of the colon-typhoid
group, which may be isolated from the blood or
from the excrement.

paratyphus (par-ah-ti'-fus). Synonym of para-
typhoid.

paratypical, paratypicus (par-ah-tip' '-ik-al, -us).
Irregular; not typical in character.

paraumbilical (par-ah-um-bil-ik-al) [para-; um-
bilicus]. Near the navel.

paraurethral (par-ah-u-re'-thral). Beside the
urethra.

paravaginitis (par-av-aj-in-i'-tis) [para-; vagina;
itls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the connective
tissue surrounding the vagina.

paravertebral (par-av-er'-te-bral) [para-; vertebra].
Situated near the spinal column.

paravesical (par-av-es' -ik-al) [para-; vesica, blad-
der]. Situated near the urinary bladder, p. pouch,
the peritoneal pocket on either side of the bladder.

paraxanthin (par-ah-zan'-thin) [para-; xanthin],
C7H8N4O2. Dimethylxanthin, a crystalline leuko-
maine occurring in normal urine and isomeric with
theobromine, which it resembles in its action upon
the organism, producing muscular rigidity, dyspnea,
and diminution in reflex excitability.

paraxial (par-aks'-e-al) [para-; axis]. Lying near
the axis of the body.

paraxon (par-aks'-on) [para-; axon], A lateral
branch of the axis-cylinder process of a nerve-cell;
a collateral fiber.

parazoon {par-ah-zo'-on) [para-; $(oov, an animal].
An organism parasitic upon an animal; an ecto-
parasite.

parazygosis (par-az-i-go'-sis) [para-; {vyelv, to
yoke]. The condition of a double monster in which
there is union of the trunks above the umbilicus.
It includes xiphopagus, thoracopagus, and pleuro-
pagus.

parchment-crackling. The peculiar sound elicited
by pressure on the cranial bones in children the
subjects of rickets and congenital syphilis. It is
due to a localized hypertrophy of the bones.

parchment-induration. A form of chancre, or
primary lesion of syphilis, in which the induration is
parchment-like in feel.

parchment-skin. See xeroderma.

parecceloma (par-ek-se-lo'-mah) [para-; 4k, out;
koIXos, hollow]. A cavity produced by disease.

pareccrisis (par-ek'-ris-is) [para-; e/c, out; uplvtiv,
to separate]. A disorder of a secretion.

parecious, parcecious (par-e'-she-us) [para-; oTkos,
house]. In biology, having male and female organs
developed side by side.

parectama (par-ek'-tam-ah). Synonym of parec-
tasis.

parectasis (par-ek'-la-sis) [para-; e/crao-ts, a stretch-
ing out]. Excessive stretching or dilatation.

paregoric (par-e-gor'-ik) [irapr)yopuc6s, soothing],
1. Soothing or assuaging. 2. A soothing remedy,
as paregoric elixir, or paregoric, the tinctura opii
campkorata (U. S. P.).

pareira (par-a'-rah). The root of Chondrodendron
tomentosum, of the natural order Menispermacece.
It was formerly called pareira bra^a. It contains a
resin, an alkaloid, pelosine, identical with berberine,
a bitter principle, a nitrogenous substance, calcium
malate, potassium nitrate, and other salts, p.,
decoction of (decoctum pareirce, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz.
(32-64 Cc). p., extract of {extr actum pareirce, B. P.).
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). p., fluidextract of
(fluidextractum pareira, U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr
(2-4 Cc). p., liquid extract of (extractum pareirce
liquidum, B. P.)._ Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

parelectronomic (par-e-lek-tro-nom'-ik) [para- ;
r{ktKTpov, amber; vbp.os, law]. Unresponsive, to
electromotive stimulus.

parelectronomy {par-e-lek-tron'-o-me) [para-; t/Xck-
Tpov, amber; vbp.os, law]. The electric condition of a

transverse section of a muscle and its tendon, com-
pared with that of the natural surface of the muscle.
The former is negative, the latter positive.

paremptosis (par-emp-lo'-sis) [para-; eviriirreiv, to
sink in]. 1. Dislocation. 2. A form of amaurosis.

parencephalia (par-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [para-; iyKe<pa\os,
brain]. Congenital malformation of the brain.

parencephalis (par-en-sef'-al-is). See parenceph-
alon.

parencephalitis (par-en-sef-al-i'-tis). Inflammation
of the cerebellum.

parencephalocele (par-en-scf-al'-o-sel) [para-; ey-
Ke<pa\os, brain; K17X77, hernia]. Hernia of the paren-
cephalon.

parencephalon (par-en-sef-al-on) [para-; iyice<pa\os,
brain]. The cerebellum.

parencephalus (par-en-sef'-al-us) [see parenceph-
alon]. One with a congenital malformation of the
brain.

parenchyma (par-eng'-kim-ah) [para-; iyx&v,
to pour in]. The essential or specialized part of an
organ as distinguished from the supporting con-
nective tissue.

parenchymal (par-eng'-kim-al). Pertaining to, or
of the nature of, parenchyma.

parenchymatic (par-eng-kim-at'-ik). Parenchy-
matous.

parenchymatitis (par-eng-kim-at-i'-tis) [parenchy-
ma; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of paren-
chyma.

parenchymatous {par-eng-kV -mat-us or 'par-eng-
kim'-at-us) [parenchyma]. Pertaining to or affecting
the parenchyma, p. degeneration, cloudy swelling.
p. inflammation, inflammation of the parenchyma,
as distinguished from that of the iriterstitial tissue.

parenchymula (par-eng-kim'-u-lah) [dim. of paren-
chyma; pi., parenchymula]. The embryonic stage
immediately succeeding that of the closed blastula.
Synonym of Metschnikoff's larva.

parenteral (J>ar-en'-ter-al) [para-; evrepov, intestine].
Outside of the intestine, p. digestion, digestion or
dissolving of foreign proteins or other substances by
the cells of the body, in opposition to enteral digestion
which occurs in the alimentary canal.

parepicele (par-ep'-is-el) [para-; «ri, upon; koZXos,
hollow]. The lateral recess of the epicele or fourth
ventricle extending latero-ventrad.

parepididymal (par-ep-id-id'-im-al). Pertaining
to the parepididymis.

parepididymis {par-ep-id-id'-im-is). See paradidy-
mis.

parepithymia (par-ep-ith-i'-me-ah) [para-; eindvuia,
desire]. A morbid or depraved desire or habit.

parerethisis (par-er-eth'-is-is) [para-; ipiH^iv,
to excite]. Abnormal excitement, or stimulus.

parerethism (par-er'-eth-izm). See parerethisis.

paresis (par'-es-is) [para-; ikvai, to let go]. A
slight paralysis; incomplete loss of muscular power.
p., general. See paralysis, general, of the insane.

paresoanalgesia {par-es-o-an-al-je' -se-ah) [paresis ;
analgesia]. Paresis with analgesia; a symptom of
Morvan's disease.

paresthesia (par-es-the'-ze-ah) [para-; al<rdr)<ns, sen-
sation]. 1. Morbid or perverted sensation, as numb-
ness, formication, "pins-and-needles." 2. See acro-
paresthesia.

paresthetic (par-es-thet'-ik) [paresthesia]. Pertain-
ing to, affected with, or characterized by paresthesia.

paretic (par-et'-ik) [paresis]. Pertaining to or
affected with paresis, p. dement, a person suffering
from paretic dementia, p. dementia. See paralysis,
general, of the insane.

pareunia {par-oo' -ne-ah) [para-; evvri, a bed].
Coitus.

parfocal (par-fo'-kal). A term used to designate
microscopic oculars and objectives which are so con-
structed or so mounted that in changing from one
to another the image will remain in focus.

parhidrosis (par-hid-ro'-sis). Same as paridrosis.

parhormone (par-hor'-mon) [para-; hormone].
Waste matter of cells, tissues or organs which is sup-
posedto have an action similar to that of a hormone,

paricine (par'-is-en) [par, equal; cinchona], C16H18-
N2O. An amorphous alkaloid of the cinchonas.

paridrosis (par-id-ro'-sis) [para-; i5p«s, sweat].
Any abnormal condition of the secretion of sweat.

paries (par'-e-ez) [paries, a wall: pi., parietes].
An enveloping or investing structure or wall. p.
anterior, anterior wall. p. carotica tympani, carotid
or anterior wall of the tympanic cavity, p. jugularis

PARIETAL

657

PAROPION

tympani, the jugular wall or floor of the tympanic
cavity, p. inferior, inferior wall. p. labyrinthica
tympani, labyrinthic or inner wall of the tympanic
cavity, p. lateralis, lateral wall. p. mastoidea tym-
pani, the mastoid or posterior wall of the tympanic
cavity, p. medialis, the medial wall. p. mem-
branacea tympani, the membranous or outer wall of
the tympanic cavity, p. posterior, posterior wall.
p. superior, superior wall. p. tegmentalis tympani,
the tegmental wall of the tympanic cavity.

parietal (par-i'-et-al) [paries, wall], i. Forming
or situated on a wall, as the parietal layer of the
peritoneum. 2. Pertaining to or in relation with the
parietal bone of the skull, as the parietal foramen,
parietal lobe of the brain, p. angle. See under
Broca, Lissauer, and Quatrefages. p. angle, posterior,
in craniometry, that included between two lines
tangent to the parietal eminence and the most promi-
nent points of the zygomatic arch. p. bones. See
bones, table of. p. cells, cells found in the periphery
of the peptic glands of the stomach, immediately
beneath the basement-membrane. Their function
is supposed to be the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
p. lobe, the cerebral lobe above the horizontal
Sylvian fissure, p. section, a transverse vertical
section through the ascending parietal convolution.

parietale {par-i-et-a'-le) [parietalis, belonging to
walls]. One of the parietal bones.

parietalia (par-i-et-a'-le-ah) [see parietal]. The
bones that collectively form the vault of the cranium.

parieten (par-i'-et-en) [paries, wall]. Belonging
to the parietal bone in itself.

parietes (par-i'-et-ez) [pi. of paries, a wall]. The
walls of a cavity.

parieto- (par-i-et-o-) [parietal]. A prefix meaning
relating to the parietal bone.

parietofrontal (par-i'-et-o-frun'-tal) [paries, a wall;
frons, front]. Of, pertaining to, or representing both
the parietal and frontal bones ; frontoparietal.

parietomastoid (par-i-et-o-mas'-toid) {paries, a wall ;
mastoid]. Pertaining to the parietal bone and the
mastoid process of the temporal bone; mastoparietal.

parieto-occipital (par-i-et-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [parieto-;
occipital]. Pertaining to the parietal and occipital
bones or lobes.

parietosphenoid (par-i-et-o-sfe'-noid) [parieto- ; sphe-
noid]. Pertaining to the parietal and sphenoid
bones.

parietosplanchnic {par-i-et-o-splangk'-nik) [paries,
a wall; (nr\a.yx"0; viscera]. Of or pertaining to the
walls of the alimentary canal, as the nervous ganglia
of certain molluscs.

parietosquamosal (par-i-et-o-skwa-mo'-sal) [pari-
eto-; squamosal]. Of or pertaining to the parietal
bone and the squamous portion of the temporal
bone. p. suture, a suture between the squamous
portion of the temporal bone and the parietal bone.

parietotemporal (par-i-et-o-tem'-po-ral) [parieto- ;
temporal]. Pertaining to the parietal and temporal
bones, p. suture, the suture between the parietal
and temporal bones.

parietovisceral (par-i-et-o-vis'-er-al) [parieto-; vis-
ceral]. Pertaining to the walls of a body-cavity and
the contained viscera.

parigenin (par-ij'-en-in). See parillin.

pariglin (par'-ig-lin). See smilacin (2).

parillin (par-il'-in) [parilla, dim. of parra, a trained
vine]. A glucoside obtained from sarsaparilla ;
if treated by dilute mineral acids it yields parigenin
and sugar.

Parinaud's conjunctivitis (par-en-o') [Henri Pari-
naud, French ophthalmologist, 1 844-1905]. A
severe form of mucopurulent conjunctivitis due to
infection from animals. P.'s ophthalmoplegia,
paralysis of the external rectus of one side and
spasm of the internal rectus of the other side; it is
of peripheral origin.

Paris' disease. Acrodynia.

Paris green (par'-is), Cu(C2H302)2 . 3Cu(As02)2.
Copper acetoarsenite, a poisonous substance used
in the arts and for the destruction of the potato-bug.

paristhmia (par-ist'-me-ah) [para-; ladpos, throat].
The tonsils.

paristhmic (par-ist'-mik) [para-; laOfiSs, throat].
Relating to the tonsils.

paristhmion (par-isth'-me-on) [para-; LaOpfc, throat].
A tonsil.

paristhmitis (par-isl-mi'-iis) [para-; iadp-os, throat;
ins, inflammation]. Tonsillitis.

Parish's camphor mixture (par'-ish). Mistura

camphors aromatica (N. F.). P.'s syrup, compound
syrup of ferrous phosphate.

parity (par'-it-e) [1. par, equal]. Equality.
2. [par ere, to bring forth]. The condition of being
able to bear children.

Park's aneurysm [Henry Park, English surgeon,
1745-1831]- Arteriovenous aneurysm, the arterial
dilation communicating with two contiguous veins.

parkesin (park'-es-in). A mixture of linseed-oil
and chlorine sulphide in a solution of collodion in
nitrobenzol. It is used as a substitute for caoutchouc.

Parkinson's disease (par' -kin-sun) [James Parkin-
son, English physician, 1755-1824]. Paralysis agi-
tans. P.'s facies or mask, in paralysis agitans the
face is expressionless, "wooden"; movements of the
lips slow; eyebrows elevated.

Parnum's test for albumin. Add to the filtered
urine one-sixth of its volume of a concentrated solu-
tion of magnesium or sodium sulphate. On acidu-
lating with acetic acid and boiling, the albumin is
precipitated.

paroarium, paroarion (par-o-a'-re-um, par-o-a'-re-
on) [para-; wapiov, dim. of o?6j>, egg]. Same as paro-
varium.

paroccipital (par-ok-sip'-it-al). 1. Beside the occi-
pital region. 2. The mastoid process.

parodinia (par-o-din'-e-ah). See parodynia.

parodontis (par-o-don'-tis). Synonym of epulis.

parodontics (par-o-don-ti'-tis) [para-; SSovs, a
tooth; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissues surrounding a tooth.

parodynia (par-o-din'-e-ah) [par ere, to bring forth;
68vj>t), pain]. Difficult parturition; dystocia.

parogen (par'-o-jen) . A preparation used as a basis
for ointments and liniments, said to contain liquid
paraffin, 40 parts, oleic acid, 40 parts, and 5 per cent,
ammoniated alcohol, 20 parts.

paroleine (par-o'-le-in) . Trade name of a prepara-
tion of petroleum oil, used as a solvent and vehicle.

parolivary (par-ol'-iv-a-re) [para-; oliva, olive].
Situated near the olivary body. p. body. See
nucleus,^ olivary, accessory.

parolive (par-ol'-iv) . An accessory olive.

paromphalocele (par-om-fal'-o-sel) [para-; 6p.<j>a\6s,
navel; ktjXt], tumor]. Hernia in the region of the
navel.

paroniria (par-o-ni'-re-ah) [para-; oveipos, dream].
Depraved or morbid dreaming, p. ambulans, sleep
walking, p. salax, a restless condition attended with
involuntary seminal emissions and lascivious dreams.

paronychia (par-o-nik'-e-ah) [para-; onychia].
An inflammation of the flexor tendons and tendinous
sheaths of the fingers; whitlow.

paronychia! (par-o-nik'-e-al). Having the character
of paronychia.

paronychosis (par-o-nik-o'-sis) [para-; 5w£, nail;
vdaos, disease] . A diseased condition of the structures
about the nails; also growth of a nail in unusual
places.

paronym (par'-o-nim) [para-; Srofia, name]. A
word that exactly represents a word in another
language, differing from it, if at all, only in some
slight modification. Thus nerve is a paronym of
Latin nervus; muscle of musculus; canal of canalis.
A related synonym. See heteronymous.

paronymy (par-on'-im-e) [para-; ovo/ia, name].
1. The relation of a word in one language to its
antecedent in another. 2. The principle of using in
modern languages paronyms or derivations of Latin
or Greek words rather than heteronyms that have
no common antecedent.

paroophoritis (par-o-off-or-i'-tis) [para-; oophoron;
itls, inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of the paro-
varium. 2. Inflammation of the tissues about the
ovary.

paroophoron (par-o-of'-o-ron) [para-; oophoron].
The persistent tubules of the posterior part of the
Wolffian body in the female, corresponding to the
organ of Giraldes in the male..

parophobia (par-o-fo'-be-ah) [irapos, before (in-
tensive); <j>6&os, fear]. Hydrophobia.

panophthalmia (par-off-thai' -me-ah) [para-; 64>da\-
p.6s, eye]. Inflammation about the eye.

parophthalmoncus (par-of-thal-mong'-kus) [para-;
6<t>da\pos, the eye; oynos, a tumor]. A tumor near the
eye.

paropia (par-o'-pe-ah) [para-; &ip, eye]. The
angle of the eyelid toward the temple.

paropion (par-o'-pe-on) [para-; &\p, eye]. An eye-

PAROPLEXIA

658

PARTRIDGE'S HERNIA

paroplexia (par-o-pleks'-e-ah) [para-; irXifa-o-ew,
to strike]. Paraplegia.

paropsis (par-op'-sis) [para-; oi^is, vision]. Dis-
ordered or false vision.

paroptesis (par-op-te'-sis) [para-; ottttjo-is, a roast-
ing]. A hot-air bath.

paroptic (par-op' '-tik) [para-; oi/'ts, vision]. Applied
to colors produced by the diffraction of light-rays.

paroral (par-o'-ral) [para-; os, oris, mouth]. In
biology, alongside the mouth or oral aperture.

parorasis (par-o-ra'-sis) [para-; bpcueif, to see].
Any perversion of vision or of color-perception; an
hallucination.

parorchid (par-or'-kid). Same as parorchis.

parorchidium (par-or-kid'-e-um) [para-; opxis,
a testicle]. Abnormal position of a testicle or its
non-descent.

parorchidoenterocele (par-or-kid-o-en'-ter-o-sel)

[para-; 6px«> testicle; hntpov, intestine; /07X77, tumor].
Inguinal hernia combined with displacement of the
testis.

parorchis (par-or'-kis) [para-; 6px«, testicle]. See
epididymis.

parorexia (par-or-eks'-e-ah) [irapd, aside; &pe£ is,
appetite]. A perverted appetite.

parorganum (par-org'-an-um) [para-; opyavov, an
instrument]. A growth the tissue of which resembles
that of some organ.

parosmia (par-oz'-me-ah) [para-; bap.v„ smell].
A perversion of the sense of smell.

parosphresis (par-os-fre'-sis). Same as parosmia.

parosteitis (par-os-te-i'-tis). Synonym of par ostitis.

parosteosis (par-os-te-o'-sis). See parostosis.

parostia (par-os'-te-ah) [para-; bcnkov, bone].
Disorder or defect of ossification.

parostitis (par-os-ti'-tis) [para-; bareov, bone;
tns, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer
surface of periosteum.

parostosis (par-os-to'-sis) [para-; btrrkov, bone].
The abnormal formation of bone outside of the
periosteum, or in the connective tissue surrounding
the periosteum.

parotic (par-o'-tik) [para-; oCs, ear]. Situated near
or about the ear.

parotid (par-ot'-id) [see parotic]. 1. Situated near
the ear, as the parotid gland. 2. Pertaining to or
affecting the, parotid gland, p. abscess, an abscess
of the parotid gland. The term is sometimes also
applied to abscess of the lymphatic gland lying
upon the parotid, p. gland, one of the salivary glands
in front of and below the external ear. It is a com-
pound racemose gland and secretes saliva containing
ptyalin, a globulin-like body, potassium sulphocy-
anide, a trace of urea, and mineral salts. Its duct
is Stenson's duct.

parotidectomy (par-ot-id-ek'-to-me) [parotid; eKrofirj,
excision]. Excision of the parotid gland.

parotiditis (par-ot-id-i'-tis). See parotitis.

parotidoauricularis (par-ot-id-o-aw-rik-u-la'-ris)

[parotid; aura, ear]. A muscle, well-developed in
lower animals, arising from the surface of the parotid
gland and inserted into the base of the concha.
Its function is to abduct and depress the pinna.

parotidoscirrhus (par-ot-id-o-skir'-us) [parotid ;
a-KLopbs, hard]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the parotid
gland.

parotis (par-o'-tis) [L.]. The parotid gland.
p. accessoria, a small lobule near the parotid gland.

parotitic (par-o-tit'-ik). Having the mumps;
affected with parotitis.

parotitis (par-o-ti'-tis) [parotid; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the parotid gland, especially the
specific infectious disease known as mumps; the
name is also given to inflammation of the lymphatic
gland overlying the parotid (parotid bubo), p.,
metastatic, that secondary to disease elsewhere; it
occurs in infectious fevers, as typhoid fever, and
usually goes on to suppuration.

parous (par' -us) [par ere, to bear]. Having borne
one or more children.

parovarian (par-o-va'-re-an) [para-; ovarium,
ovary]. 1. Situated near the ovary. 2. Pertaining
to the parovarium.

parovariotomy (par-o-va-re-ot'-o-me). Excision of
a parovarian cyst.

parovaritis (par-o-var-i'^tis). Inflammation of the
parovarium.

parovarium (par-o-va'-re-um) [para-; ovarium,
ovary]. The remnant of the Wolffian body of the
female ; the organ of Rosenmuller.

paroxia (par-oks'-e-ah). See pica.

paroxyntic (par-oks-in'-tik) [irapo£vveiv, to excite].
Paroxysmal.

paroxysm (par'-oks-izm) [para-; b^vveiv, to sharpen],
i. The periodic increase or crisis in the progress of a
disease; a sudden attack, a sudden reappearance of
symptoms, or a sudden increase in the intensity of
existing symptoms. 2. A spasm or fit; a convulsion.

paroxysmal (par-oks-iz'-mal) [paroxysm]. Of the
nature of or resembling a paroxysm; occurring in
paroxysms.

Parrot's atrophy of the newborn (par'-o) [Joseph
Marie Jules Parrot, French physician, 1829-1883].
Primary infantile atrophy or marasmus. Syn.,
athrepsia. P.'s disease, pseudoparalysis of the
extremities due to epiphyseal separation which
prevents spontaneous movements, in hereditary
syphilis of the newborn. P.'s nodes, osteophytes of '
the frontal and parietal bones, around the anterior
fontanel, in hereditary syphilis. P.'s sign, dilatation
of the pupil when the skin is pinched; it is noted in
meningitis. P.'s ulcers, the whitish or yellowish
patches of thrush.

parrot disease. See psittacosis.

parrot-beak nails. Nails that are curved strongly
anteroposteriorly, like the beak of a parrot.

Parry's disease (par'-e) [Caleb Hillier Parry,
English physician, 1755-1822]. Exophthalmic goiter.

pars (parz) [L.]. A part. p. basilaris, basilar
process of the occipital bone. p. calcaneocuboidea,
the internal calcaneocuboid ligament, p. calcaneo-
navicularis, the superior or external calcaneonavicu-
lar ligament, p. cavernosa, the cavernous or spongy
portion of the male urethra, p. centralis, the central
part or body of the lateral ventricles of the brain.
p. ciliaris retinae, the part of the retina in front of
the ora serrata. p. convoluta, the convoluted part
or labyrinth of the kidney, p. flaccida, Shrapnell's
membrane, p. horizontalis, the horizontal plate of
the palate bone. p. intercartilaginea, the respiratory
glottis, p. intermembranacea, the true glottis.
p. iridica retinas, the uveal tract, p. laryngea, the
laryngopharynx. p. mastoidea, the mastoid portion
of the temporal bone. p. membranacea, the mem-
branous portion of the male urethra, p. nasalis,
the nasopharynx, p. oralis, the oropharynx, p.
papillaris, the papillary layer of the skin. p. per-
pendicularis, the vertical plate of the palate bone.
p. petrosa, the petrous portion of the temporal bone,
p. prostatica, the prostatic portion of the male
urethra, p. pylorica, the pyloric portion of the
stomach, p. radiata, the pyramids of Ferrein.
p. sphincteria inferior, the lowest portion of the
esophagus, p. spongiosa. Same as p. cavernosa.
p. triangularis, the preoperculum. p. tympanica,
the tympanic portion of the temporal bone.

parsley (pars' -le) [irkrpos, rock; ok\ivov, a kind of
parsley]. The Carum petroselinum, a plant of the
order Umbelliferce, containing a volatile oil. From
the seed a peculiar oily liquid, termed apiol (q. v.),
is obtained. The root is used in renal diseases and
dropsy; the juice of the fresh herbs and the seeds are
employed as antiperiodics; apiol is an emmenagogue.
p. camphor, apiol.

Parsons' disease (par'-sunz) [James Parsons,
English physician, 1705-1770]. Exophthalmic
goiter.

part [pars, a part]. 1. A segment or section; a
member or organ. 2. A portion of a cadaver
allotted to a student, for dissection.

Parthenium (par-ihe' -ne-um) [irapdevos, a virgin].
A genus of herbs of the order Composites. P. hyster-
ophorus contains several alkaloids, one of which,
called parthenine, seems to be the active principle
of the plant and has been used as an antipyretic and
antineuralgic. P. integrifolium, prairie-dock, a
perennial plant of the southern United States, is
used as an antiperiodic.

parthenochlorosis (par-then-o-klo-ro'-sis) [irapdevos,
virgin; xX<*>P°s» green]. The chlorosis of young
maidens.

parthenogenesis (par-then-o-jen'-es-is) [irapdtvos,
a virgin; ykveau, production]. The development of
an organism from an unfertilized ovum.

particle (par'-tik-l) [dim. of pars, part]. A small
part. The smallest visible portion of any substance.

particulate (par-tik'-u-lat) [pars, part]. Com-
posed of minute particles; applied to various contagia.

Partridge's hernia. Femoral hernia external to
the femoral vessels.

PARTRI DGE-BERRY

659

PATELLOID

partridge-berry. i. A trailing plant, Mitchella
repens, with medical uses like those of pipsissewa.
2. See gaultheria.

parturiency (par-til' -re-en-se) [parturire, to bring
forth]. The state of being parturient; parturition.

parturient (par-tu'-re-ent) [parturition], i. Being
in labor; giving birth; as a parturient woman. 2.
Traversed during birth, as the parturient canal.

parturifacient (par-tu-re-fa' -se-ent) [parturition ;
facer e, to make]. 1. Promoting parturition. 2. An
agent that induces parturition.

parturiometer (par-tu-re-om'-et-er) [parturition ;
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining
the progress of labor by measuring the expulsive
force of the uterus.

parturition (par-tu-rish'-un) [parturitio, from par-
turire]. The act of giving birth to young. See labor.

partus (par'-tus) [parturire, to bring forth]. The
bringing forth of offspring; labor, p. agrippinus,
labor with breech presentation, p. caesarius, cesarean
section, p. difficilis, dystocia, p. immaturus, pre-
mature labor, p. maturus, labor at term. p.
prsecipitatus, precipitate labor, p. serotinus, labor
unduly prolonged, p. siccus, dry labor.

parulis (par-u'-lis) [para-; ovXop, the gum]. Ab-
scess of the gum; a gum-boil.

parumbilical (par-um-bil'-ik-al) [irapd, beside;
umbilicus, navel]. Situated or occurring near the
umbilicus.

paruria (par-u'-re-ah) [para-; ovpov, urine]. Ab-
normity in the excretion of the urine.

parurocystis (par-u-ro-sis'-tis). See bladder, supple-
mentary.

parvoline (par' -vo-lin) , C4H13N. A synthetic
liquid base; also a ptomaine isomeric with it, oc-
curring in decomposing fish and horse-flesh.

parvule (par'-vul) [parvus, small]. A small pill
or pellet, or granule.

paschachurda (pas-kah-koor'-dah). See Sartian
disease.

Paschutin's degeneration (pas-ku-tin) . A special
degeneration peculiar to diabetes; hydrocarbonaceous
degeneration.

pasma (paz'-mah) [iraana; iraaae-.v, to sprinkle;
pl., pasmata]. 1. A powder for sprinkling on a
surface. 2. A powder mixed up into a paste.

pass (pas) [passus, step]. 1. To go, or to put
through, or by. 2. To discharge from the intestinal
canal. 3. To void. 4. To introduce an instrument
into a cavity or channel.

passage (pas'-aj) [passare, to pass]. 1. A channel.

2. The act of passing from one place to another.

3. The introduction of an instrument into a cavity
or channel. 4. An evacuation of the bowels, p.,
false, a false channel, especially one made by the un-
skilful introduction of an instrument into the urethra.

Passavant's cushion (pahs' -af -ant) [Gustav Passa-
vant, German physician, 1815-1893]. The bulging
of the posterior pharyngeal wall, produced during
the act of swallowing by the upper portion of the
superior constrictor pharyngis.

passifiora (pas-if-lo'-rah) [passio, passion; fios, a
flower]. Passion-flower, a genus of climbing plants.
P. incarnata, of North America, is used as a narcotic
and anodyne. Dose of fluidextract 2-5 min. (0.13-
0.3 Cc). P. quadrangular is, of the West Indies;
the root causes vomiting, convulsions, and paralysis,
but has been prescribed as an anthelmintic.

passion (pash'-un) [passio, from pati, to suffer].
1. Pain; suffering; as ileac passion, a synonym of
volvulus. 2. An intense emotion of the mind;
intense sexual excitement.

passive (pas'-iv) [see passion]. Not active; not
performed or produced by active efforts, but by causes
coming from without, p. congestion, congestion due
to retention of blood in a part, and not to an active
flow of blood toward the part. p. immunity. See
immunity, passive, p. interval, the period of cardiac
rest. p. motion, the movement produced by external
agency and not by the person himself.

passivism (pas'-iv-izm). A form of sexual perver-
sion in which there is a subjugation of the will of
one person to that of another, with an erotic end.

passivist (pas'-iv-ist) [pati, to suffer]. One who
is the subject of passivism, q. v.

passula (pas'-u-lah) [L.]. A raisin.

pasta (Pas'-tah) [L.: pl., and gen., pasta]. A paste.

paste (past) [iraa-nt, mess]. Any soft, sticky
substance, especially a mixture of starch or flour
and water, p., arsenical, a caustic paste containing

arsenic, p., Canquoin's. See Canquoin's paste.
p., fruit, inspissated fruit juice, p., London, a mixr
ture of equal parts of sodium hydroxide and slaked
lime, moistened with alcohol, p., phosphorus, a rat
poison made of phosphorus and flour, p., Piffard's,
copper sulphate, 1 part; tartrated soda, 5 parts;
caustic soda, 2 parts. It is used as a test for sugar
in urine, p., serum, a sterilized mixture of serum
from ox-blood with 25 % of zinc oxide; used as a
film on abrasions or diseased surfaces, p., sulphuric-
acid, a caustic mixture of equal parts of sulphuric
acid and powdered saffron, p., Vienna, a mixture of
potassium hydroxide and caustic lime moistened with
water.

paster (pas'-ter). The oval or circular portion of a
bifocal lens, which is used for near work.

pastern (pas' -tern). That part of a horse's foot
between the fetlock-joint and the coronet of the
hoof, p.-bone, either of the two proximal phalanges
of a horse's foot, p.-joint, the articulation between
the proximal phalanx (great pastern-bone) of the
horse's foot and the cannon-bone.

Pasteur's exhaustion theory (pahs'-ter) [Louis
Pasteur, French bacteriologist, 1822-1895]. See
immunity, theory of, exhaustion hypothesis. P.'s
fluid, P.'s liquid, an artificial liquid for the culti-
vation of bacteria, composed of water, 100 parts;
crystallized sugar, 10 parts; ammonium carbonate
and ashes of yeast, each, 1 part.

Pasteur-Chamberland's filter (pahs' -ter-tsham'-ber-
land) [Louis Pasteur; Charles Chamberland, a pupil
of Pasteur]. A hollow column of unglazed porcelain
through which solutions are filtered by means of a
vacuum exhaust or by pressure.

pasteurella (pas-tur-el'-ah). A group of poly-
morphic coccobacteria destitute of spores and cilia.

pasteurellose (pas-tur-el'-os). Hemorrhagic septi-
cemia in animals.

pasteurism (pas' -tur-izm) [Louis Pasteur, French
chemist and bacteriologist, 1822-1895]. Prophyl-
actic or protective inoculation; a synonym for the
word vaccination.

pasteurization (pas-tur-i-za'-shun). The process
of checking fermentation in milk, wine, and other
organic fluids by heating them to 60 ° or 70 ° C.

pasteurizer (pas' -tu-ri-zer) . An instrument em-
ployed in pasteurization.

pastil, pastille (pas'-til, pas-tel') [dim. of pasta,
paste]. 1. A small mass composed of aromatic
substances and employed in fumigation. 2 . A troche.

past pointing. A diagnostic procedure in diseases
of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla. If the
semi-circular canals of a healthy person are stimu-
lated by injection of cold (68° F.) or warm water
(1120 F.) or by rotatory movements or galvanic
stimulations, vertigo and nystagmus are caused and
the muscles of the trunk and extremities are affected,
as shown by inability of the patient, seated, with eyes
closed, to touch a given point with extended arm and
finger. The arm is held upright and then swung down
toward the given point which it swerves past: to the
right if the left canal is stimulated, and vice versa. The
absence of these manifestations indicates possible
intra-cranial disease.

patch [Prov. Ger., Patschen]. An irregular spot
or area, p., moth-, chloasma, p., mucous, one of
the characteristic lesions of syphilis, occurring in the
so-called secondary stage, and appearing as a whitish
papule or patch on mucous membranes and at
mucocutaneous junctions. t Syn., condyloma latum;
mucous papule, p., opaline. See opaline patch.
p.s, Peyer's. See Peyer's glands.

patchouli, patchouly (pat-choo'-le). The labiate
herb, Pogostemon heyneanus.

pate (pat). The crown or top of the head.

patefying (pat'-e-fi-ing) [patere, to stand open].
The act of rendering patent.

patella (pat-el'-ah) [dim. of patina, a shallow dish].
The knee-pan, a small, round, sesamoid bone in
front of the knee, developed in the tendon of the
quadriceps extensor cruris muscle.

patellar (pat-el' -ar) [patella]. Pertaining to the
patella, p. fossa. See fossa, p. reflex, p. tendon-
reflex. See reflex, knee-.

patelliform (pat-el' -if-orm) [patella; forma, form].
Shaped like a patella.

patellofemoral (pa-tel-o-fem'-o-ral). Pertaining to
the patella and the femur.

patelloid, patelloidean (pat-el'-oid, pat-el-oid'-e-an).
Disc-like; shaped like a knee-pan; patelliform.

PATENCY

660

PEARL

patency (pa'-ten-se) [patent]. The state of being
open; openness.

patent (pat'-ent) [patere, to be open]. Open;
exposed, p. medicine. See under medicine.

pathema (path-e'-mah) [iraBrjua; ir&dos, disease].
Any disease or morbid condition.

pathemate (path' -em-at) [-waSrmo., a suffering].
Pertaining to emotional excitement.

pathematology (path-em-at-ol'-o-je). Same as
pathology.

pathetic (path-et'-ik) [nados, disease]. Arousing
pity; indicating sadness or sorrow; appealing; that
which appeals to or stirs the passions; applied to the
fourth cranial nerve (pathetic nerve), which inner-
vates the pathetic muscle (patheticus, superior ob-
lique) of the eye, by which the eye is rolled outward
and downward.

pathetism (path' -et-izni) [see pathetic]. Hypno-
tism, mesmerism, animal magnetism.

pathfinder (path'-fin-der). An instrument for find-
ing the openings of a urethral stricture.

pathic (path'-ik) [7ra0i/c6v, passive]. I. Diseased;
pathological; pertaining to a morbid condition.
2. Also, one who tolerates the commission of an
unnatural crime upon the person.

patho- (pa-tho-) [irados, disease]. A prefix denoting
disease.

pathoamine (path-o-am'-in). A basic substance
found in disease; a ptomaine.

pathoanatomy (path-o-an-at'-o-me) [patho-; anat-
omy]. Pathological anatomy.

pathobiology (path-o-bi-ol'o-je) . Same as pathology.

pathogen (path' -0-3 en) [patho-; yewav, to produce].
Any microorganism or substance which produces
disease.

pathogenesis (path-o-jen'-es-is) [patho-; ykvetris, gen-
eration]. The origin or development of disease.

pathogenic, pathogenetic (path-o-jen'-ik, path-o-jen-
et'-ik [patho-; yewav, to produce]. Producing dis-
ease, p. microorganism, one that when introduced
into the system causes disease.

pathogenicity (path-o-j en-is' -it-e). The condition
of being pathogenic.

pathogeny (path-oj'-en-e) [patho-; yevrjs, producing].
See pathogenesis.

pathognomonic (path-og-no-mon'-ik) [patho-; yvwurj,
a sign]. Characteristic of a disease, distinguishing
it from other diseases.

pathognomy (path-og'-no-me) [patho-; yv&nrj, a sign].
The science of the signs by which disease is recog-
nized.

pathognostic (path-og-nos'-tik). Synonym of pathog-
nomonic.

pathography (path-og'-ra-fe) [patho-; ypd^eiu, to
write]. A description of diseases.

pathologic, pathological (path-o-loj'-ik, al) [pathol-
ogy]. Pertaining to pathology; pertaining to disease.
p. anatomy. See anatomy, morbid. p. histology,
the microscopic study of diesased tissues.

pathologist (path-ol'-o-jist) [pathology]. One versed
in pathology.

pathology (path-ol'-o-je) [patho-; \6yos, science].
The branch of medical science that treats of the modi-
fications of function and changes in structure caused
by disease, p. cellular, pathology that makes the cell
the basis of all vital phenomena, p. comparative, a
study of pathological processes in lower animals, for
purposes of tracing resemblances and differences
among them and between them and those of the hu-
man body, p., experimental, the study of pathological
processes artifically induced in lower animals, p.,
general, that department of pathology which takes
cognizance of those morbid processes that may be
observed in various diseases and in any organ, e. g.,
inflammation, hypertrophy, p. geographical, path-
ology in its relation to climatic and geographical con-
ditions, p., humoral, the old doctrine that disease
is due to abnormal conditions of the blood. It has
been revived in recent times in a modified form, and
is now based on the theory that both immunity and
susceptibility to disease reside in the juices of the
body, p., solidistic. See solidism. p., medical,
pathology of diseases not amenable to surgical treat-
ment, p., special, that treating of changes in func-
tion and structure occurring in special diseases, e. g.
pneumonia, p., surgical, the pathology of diseases
treated by the surgeon.

patholysis (path-ol'-is-is) [patho-; \iieiv, to dissolve].
A morbid dissolution of tissues.

pathomaine (path' -o-man) . A ptomaine.

pathomania (path-o-ma'-ne-ah) [patho-; navla, mad-
ness]. Moral insanity.

pathonomia (path-o-no'-me-ah) [patho-; vo/ios, law].
The study of the laws of pathological conditions.

pathophobia (path-o-fo'-be-ah) [patho-; 4>6pos, fear].
Exaggerated dread of disease.

pathopoiesis (path-o-poi-e'-sis) [patho-; iroiely, to
make]. The causation of disease.

patient (pa'-shent) [pali, to suffer], A person under
the care of a physician; a sick person.

patten (pat' -en) [Ft., patin, a clog]. An iron sup-
port placed under a sound foot to remove pressure
from and permit extension of the diseased limb in hip-
joint disease.

Patterson's corpuscles (pat'-er-sun). The mol-
luscum bodies; oval, shiny bodies found in the con-
tents of the tubercles of molluscum contagiosum.

Patterson's powder (pat'-er-sun). A mixture of
bismuth subnitrate and magnesia.

patulous (pat'-u-lus) [patere, to lie open]. Expand-
ed; open.

Paul's sign (pawl) [Constantin Charles Theo-
odore Paul, French physician, 1833-1896]. Feeble
apex-beat with forcible impulse over the body of the
heart, in adherenct periardium.

Paullinia (paw-lin'-e-ah). See guar ana.

paulocardia (paw-lo-kar'-de-ah) [wav\a, pause;.
KapSla, heart]. A subjective sensation of intermis-
sion or momentary stoppage of the heart-beat.

paunch (pawnch). The abdominal cavity and its
contents.

pausimenia (paw-sim-e'-ne-ah). See menopause.

Pauzat's disease (po-zah') Jean Eugene Pauzatr
French physician]. Osteoplastic Reriostitis of the
metatarsal bones.

pavement-epithelium. Epithelium consisting of
flattened, scale-like cells fitted together by their edges,
like the tiles of a pavement.

pavilion (pa-vil'-yon) [papilio, a butterfly; a tent].
1. The expanded extremity of a canal or tube, as the
pavilion of the ear — the auricle; the pavilion of the
Fallopian tube — the fimbriated extremity of the Fal-
lopian tube. 2. In anatomy, a tent-shaped structure.

pavimentum (pav-im-en' -turn) [L.]. A floor, p.
orbitse, the floor of the orbit, p. ventriculi, the floor
of a ventricle.

pavitation (pav-it-a' -shun) [pavitatio; pavere, to
quake]. Terror, or fear, with trembling.

pavor (pa'-vor) [L.]. Fright; fear. p. nocturnus,
night-terrors.

Payy's disease (pa'-ve). [Frederick William Pavy,
English physician, 1829-1911]. Cyclic albuminuria.
P.'s solution for glucose, make a solution by mixing
120 Cc. of the ordinary Fehling's solution with 300
Cc. of strong ammonia (specific gravity, 0.88) and 400
Cc. of sodium hydroxide solution of specific gravity of
1. 14; dilute with 1000 Cc. of water. This solution
becomes decolorized on boiling with a glucose solution.
One hundred Cc. of this solution is reduced by glucose
to the same extent as 10 Cc. of Fehling's solution.

Pawlik's folds (paw'-lik) [Karl Pawlik, Austrian
surgeon, 1849- ]. The anterior columns of the
vagina, which form the lateral boundaries of Pawlik's
triangle and serve as landmarks in locating the open-
ing of the ureters. P.'s triangle, extravesical or va-
ginal triangle. The triangular space formed by two
divergent columns of the vagina and the transverse
ridge below the external orifice of the neck of the blad-
der. It corresponds line for line to the trigonum
vesicae.

pawpaw (paw' -paw). The fruit of Asina triloba.
See Carica papaya.

Paxton's disease (paks'-tun). Tinea nodosa.

Pb. Chemical symbol for plumbum, lead.

P. B. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Britannica,.
British Pharmacopeia.

Pd. The chemical symbol of palladium.

P. D. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Dublin-
ensis, Dublin Pharmacopeia.

P. E. Abbreviation for Pharmacopoeia Edinensisr
Edinburgh Pharmacopeia.

Pean's method (pa-an') [Jules Pean, French sur-
geon, 1830-1898]. Removal of a tumor in pieces
when it is larger than the opening through which it is
to be removed.

peanut (pe'-nut). An edible fruit of Arachis hypo-
gcea. p.-ofi. See ground-nut oil.

pearl (perl) [Fr., perle, from L., pirula, a little
pearl]. 1. In pharmacy, a small, hollow glass body
containing a dose of ia volatile liquid medicine, as a

PEARLY BODY

661

PEDILUVIUM

pearl of amyl nitrite. 2. A cataract. 3- A peculiar
arrangement of the epithetial cells, p. ash, crude
potassium carbonate, p.-disease, tuberculosis of
serous membranes in the lower animals, especially
cattle, so called on account of the most manifest le-
sion, the pearly nodules or tumors, which are often
pendulous, p., epidermic, p., epithelial, one of the
spheroidal concentric masses of epithelial cells often
seen in hard papilloma, in squamous epithelioma
and in cholesteatoma. Syn., pearly body. p. tumor.
See cholesteatoma, p.-white, bismuth oxychloride.

pearly body. See pearl, epidermic.

Pearson's solution (per'-sun) [George Pearson,
English physician, 1751-1828]. An aqueous solution
of sodium arsenate, containing 1 gram of sodium ar-
senate in 600 c. c. of distilled water. It is one-tenth
the strength of the official liquor sodii arsenatis?

peat (pet). The product of the spontaneous de-
composition of plants, especially swamp-plants, in
many cases mixed with sand, loam, clay, lime, iron
pyrites, ocher, etc.

pebbles (peb'-lz). Lenses for eyeglasses cut from
rock crystal.

pebeco (peb'-ek-o). Trade name of a tooth-paste
containing potassium chlorate.

pebrine (peb'-ren) [Fr.]. An infectious epidemic
disease of silkworms.

peccant (pek' -ant) [peccare, to sin]. Pathogenic;
morbid; unhealthy; offensive.

pechyagra (pek-i-a'-grah) [irrjxvs, forearm; ay pa,
seizure]. Gout in the elbow-joint.

peciloblast (pe-sil'-o-blast). See poikilocyte.

pecilocyte (pes'-il-o-sit). Same as peciloblast.

pecilocythemia (pe-sil-o-si-the'-me-ah). The pres-
ence of pecilocytes in the blood.

pecilocytosis (pe-sil-o-si-to'-sis). See poikilocyto-
sis.

pecilonymy (pe-sil-on' -im-e) [irowikos, various;
6w/ia name]. The use in one publication of different
names for the same part. Syn., poikilonymy.

pecilothermal (pe-sil-o-ther'-mal). See poikilother-
mic.

Pecklin's glands. See Peyer's glands.

Pecquet, cistern of, P., reservoir of (pek-a')
[Jean Pecquet, French anatomist, 1622-1674]. The
receptaculum chyli. P.'s duct, the thoracic duct.

pectase (pek'-tas) [itt]kt6s, fixed]. A hypothetical
ferment of plants which converts pectose into pectin.

pecten (pek'-ten) [pecten, a comb: pi., penctines].
The os pubis. In biology, a comb-like structure or
organ.

pectin (pek'-tin) [irrjKTos, congealed]. A white, am-
orphous carbohydrate contained in ripe fleshy fruits
and in certain roots, and believed to be formed from
the pectose found in unripe fruits by the action of
acids. Syn., vegetable jelly.

pectinal (pek'-tin-al) [pecten, a comb]. Comb-like.

pectinase (pek' -tin-as). The enzyme capable of
transforming pectin.

pectinate (pek'-tin-at) [pecten]. Arranged like the
teeth of a comb. p. ligament, fibers of connective
tissue at the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye,
between the iris and the cornea, p. muscles, the
musculi pectinati, muscular ridges in the auricles of
the heart.

pectineal (pek-tin-e'-dl) [pecten]. 1. Comb-shaped.
2. Pertaining to the pecten or os pubis, p. line, that
part of the iliopectineal line found on the os pubis.

pectineus (pek-tin-e'-us). See under muscle.

pectiniform (pek-tin'-if-orm) [pecten; forma, a
form]. Comb-shaped.

pectoral (pek' -tor -aV) [pectus, breast]. 1. Pertain-
ing to the chest, as the pectoral muscles. 2. Useful in
diseases of the chest. 3. A remedy useful in dis-
eases of the chest, p. ridge, the external bicipital
ridge of the humerus, p. species, a combination of
pectoral herbs.

pectoralgia (pek-tor-al'-je-ah) [pectus, breast;
&\yos, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the chest.

pectoralis (pek-tor-a' -lis) . See under muscle.

pectoriloquy (pek-tor-iV -o-kwe) [pectus, breast;
loqui, to speak]. The distinct transmission of artic-
ulate speech to the ear on auscultation. It may be
heard over cavities in the lung, over areas of consoli-
dation near a large bronchus, over a pneumothorax
when the opening in the lung is patulous, and over
some pleural effusions, p. aphonic. 1. The sound
heard in auscultating a lung in which there is a cavity.
2. The sound heard in auscultation in pleuritic effu-
sion when the subject speaks in a low tone, p.,

whispering, the transmission of the whispered words
to the auscultating ear. The sounds seem to eman-
ate directly from the spot auscultated.

pectorophony (pek-tor-off'-o-ne) [pectus, breast;
<f>uvr), sound]. Exaggerated vocal resonance, as heard
in auscultating the chest.

pectose (pek'-tos) [irrjKTos, congealed]. A com-
pound occurring in unripe fruits, and giving rise to
pectin.

pectous (pek'-tus). Relating to pectin or pectose.

pectunculi (pek-tunk '-u-li) [pecten, comb]. Plural
of pectunculus. Longitudinal striations in the walls
of the Sylvian aqueduct.

pectus (pek'-tus) [L., "breast"]. The chest or
breast, p. carinatum, a narrow chest projecting
anteriorly in the region of the sternum. Syn.,
keeled breast; pigeon-breast.

pedal (ped'-al) [pes, pedis, foot]. 1. Pertaining to
the foot. 2. Pertaining to the pes or crusta of the
crus cerebri and pons. p. system, a ganglionic system
of the brain.

pedarthrocace (ped-arth-rok'-as-e) [irals, child;
apdpov, a joint; nands, evil]. A necrotic ulceration or
caries of the joints of children.

pedatrophia, pedatrophy (ped-at-ro'-fe-ah, ped-at'-
ro-fe) [irals, child; atrophy]. 1. Any wasting disease
of childhood. 2. Tabes mesenterica.

pederast (ped'-er-ast). One who practices peder-
asty.

pederasty (ped'-er-as-te) [irals, boy; ipaarns, lover].
Sexual intercourse with boys, through the anus.

pedesis (pe-de'-sis) [irijSria-is, leaping or bounding].
The dancing oscillating motion of the particles of
any substance sufficiently powdered and suspended
in a suitable liquid. Brownian movement.

pedialgia (pe-de-al'-je-ah) [irehlov, foot; a/y\os, pain].
Pain in the foot.

pediatrician (ped-e-at-rish'-un). Same as pediat-
rist.

pediatrics, pediatry (pe-de-at'-riks, pe-di'-at-re)
[irals, child; iarpeia, therapeutics]. The branch of
medicine dealing with the diseases of children.

pediatrist (ped-e-at'-rist). A specialist in children's
diseases.

pedication (ped-i-ka' -shun) [7rai5i/cd, a darling].
Sodomy with a boy.

pedicle (ped'-ik-l) [pediculus, dim. of pes, foot].
1. A slender precess acting as a foot or stem, as the
pedicle of a tumor. 2. Of a vertebra, the portion of
bone projecting backward from each side of the body
and connecting the lamina with the body, p., ver-
tebral. See pedicle (2). p., vitelline, the pedicle
uniting the umbilical vesicle to the embryo.

pedicterus (ped-ik'-ter-us) [irals, a child; lurepos ,
jaundice]. Icterus neonatorium.

pedicular (ped-ik'-u-lar) [pedicle]. 1. Pertaining to
a pedicle; peduncular. 2. [pediculus, louse]. Lousy.
3. Belonging to the genus Pediculus.

pediculation (ped-ik-u-la' -shun) [pediculus]. The
state of one suffering from pediculosis. 2. The process
of developing a pedicle.

pediculi (pe-dik'-u-li) [L.]. Plural of pediculus,
q.v.

pediculin (ped-ik'-u-lin) [pediculus]. A proprie-
tary insecticide said to consist of limestone, 65%, and
crude naphthalin, 35 %•

pediculofrontal (ped-ik-u-lo-front'-al]. Relating to
the pedicles of the frontal convolutions.

pediculoides ventricosus (ped-ik-u-lo'-id-ez ven-
trik-o'-sus). A mite found in the straw of mattresses
and producing straw itch.

pediculoparietal (ped-ik-u-lo-par-i'-et-al) . Relating
to the pedicles of the cerebral convolutions and the
parietal region.

pediculophobia (ped-ik-u-lo-fo'-be-ah) [pediculus;
(ftofios, fear]. Morbid dread of lice.

pediculosis (ped-ik-u-lo'-sis) [pediculus]. Lousi-
ness; a skin affection characterized by the presence of
pediculi or lice.

pediculus (ped-ik'-u-lus) [L., "a louse"]. A small
parasitic hemipterous insect, the louse, p. capitis,
the head-louse, p. corporis, the body-louse, p.
pubis, a species infesting the pubic region of unclean
persons, occasionally spreading over other hairy
parts of the body — eyebrows, axilla?, etc. Syn., crab-
louse, p. vestimenti. Synonym of p. corporis.

pedicure (ped'-ik-ur) [pes, foot; cura, care]. 1.
Care of the feet. 2. A chiropodist.

pediluvium (ped-il-oo'-ve-um) [pes, foot; lavare, to
wash]. A foot-bath.

PEDIOCOCCUS

662

PELMA

pediococcus (ped-e-o-kok'-us) [pes, a foot; kokkos, a
berry]. A term formerly given to a genus of mi-
crococci.

pedion, pedium (pe'-de-on, -um) [irals, child], i.
A child; also, a fetus. 2. [ireUov, sole]. The sole
of the foot.

pedionalgia (ped-e-on-al'-je-ah) [ireSlov, sole of the
foot; a\yos, pain]. Pain in the sole of the feet.

peditis (pe-di'-tis) [pes, foot; it«, inflammation].
A serious complication of laminitis of the horse's
foot, in which not only the laminae, but the perios-
teum and the coffin-bone also, are involved in the
inflammatory process.

pedobaromacrometer, pedobaromacrometer (pe-
do-bar-o-mak-rom' -et-er) . An instrument for weigh-
ing and measuring infants.

pedobarometer, paedobarometer (pe-do-bar-om'-
et-ur) [irals, a child; (iapos, weight; n'erpov, a measure].
An instrument for determining the weight of a child.

pedodynamometer (ped-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) [pes,
foot; Svi'afiis, power; ukrpov, measure]. . An instru-
ment intended to measure the muscular strength of
the leg.

pedology (pe-dol'-o-je) [irals, child; \6yos, science].
The science, or sum of knowledge, regarding child-
hood, its diseases, hygiene, etc.

pedometer (pe-dom' -et-er) 1. [irals, child; ukrpov,
measure]. An instrument for determining the
weight and height of a new-born child. 2. [pes, foot;
p-erpov, a measure]. An instrument for automatically
measuring any distance traveled. As formerly
constructed, it registered the number of footsteps.

pedometry (pe-dom'-et-re) [pedometer]. 1. The
measurement of the newborn child. 2. The use of
the pedometer.

pedonosology (pe-do-nos-oV-o-je) [irals, child;
vbaos, disease; \6yos, science]. The nosology of
disease peculiar to infancy and childhood. Pedi-
atrics.

pedonosos, pedonosus (pe-don'-o-sos, pe-don'-o-
sus) [irals, child; vouos, disease]. A disease of child-
hood.

pedopathy (pe-dop'-ath-e) [irals, child; irddos,
suffering]. The science of the diseases of children,
their treatment, etc.

pedotrophy (pe-dot'-ro-fe) [irals, child; rpo<pi),
nourishment]. The hygiene of childhood; the care,
nursing, and regimen of children.

peduncle (pe'-dung-kl) [pedunculus, dim. of pes].
A narrow part acting as a support, p., callosal,
the anterior perforated space, p., cerebellar, in-
ferior, one of two bands of white matter passing up
from the medulla oblongata, connecting the medulla
with the cerebellum, and forming the lower lateral
wall of the fourth ventricle, p., cerebellar, middle,
one of the bands of white matter joining the pons
and the cerebellum, p., cerebellar, posterior.
Synonym of p., cerebellar, inferior, p., cerebellar,
superior, one of the two bands of white matter
that pass from the cerebellum to the testes of the
corpora quadrigemina. p., cerebral, the crus cerebri.
p. of the pineal gland, a delicate white band passing
forward from each side of the pineal gland along the
edge of the third ventricle.

peduncular (ped-ung'-ku-lar) [peduncle]. Per-
taining to a peduncle.

pedunculate, pedunculated (pe-dung'-ku-lat, pe-
dung'-ku-la-ted) [pedunculus, dim. of pes, foot].
Having a peduncle; stalked.

pedunculus (pe-dung'-ku-lus) . Same as peduncle.

peeling (pel'-ing) [pellis, skin]. A term applied
to the process of desquamation, as in scarlet fever.

peenash (pe'-nash) [E. Ind.]. The Eastern name
for myiasis, produced by Lucilia macellaria.

peg. 1. A pointed pin of wood, metal, or other
material. 2. A wooden leg. p.-leg, a wooden leg
of the simplest form, p.-teeth, a name given by
Hutchinson to the teeth of children with hereditary
syphilis, from the peg-like appearance of the crowns.

pegmatic (peg-mat' '-ik) [irijyp,a, a concrement].
Pertaining to or producing coagulation.

peinotherapy (pi-no-ther'-ap-e) [irelva, hunger;
depairela, cure]. The cure of disease by deprivation
of food.

Pekelharing's theory of blood-coagulation. Throm-
bin (fibrin-ferment) is composed of nucleoalbumin
and calcium; the calcium leaves the nucleoproteid
and unites with fibrinogen, the compound of the two
being fibrin.

pelada, pelade (pel'-a-dah, pel-ahd') [Fr.]. 1. Alo-

pecia areata of the scalp. 2. A disease resembling
pellagra, due to eating infected maize.

pelage (pel-ahf) [pilus, the hair]. The hairy
system of the body.

pelagin (pel'-aj-in). A proprietary remedy for
sea-sickness, said to consist of a solution of anti-
pyrine, caffeine, and cocaine.

pelargonic acid (pel-ar-gon'-ik) [ireXapyds, a stork],
C9H18O2. A monobasic crystalline acid obtained
from the essential oil of Pelargonium roseum and
from other oils. It is employed in the flavoring of
wines.

pelatina (pel-at-i'-nah). See pelada (2).

pelicochirometresis (pel-ik-o-ki-ro-met-re'-sis)

[ireXUr], a wooden bowl; x«p, the hand; iikrpov, a
measure]. Digital pelvimetry.

pelfeometer (pel-ik-om' -et-er). Synonym of pelvi-
meter.

pelidnoma (pel-id-no' -mah). Synonym of ecchy-
mosis.

pelioma (pel-e-o'-mah) [ire\ia>fia, a livid spot].
A livid spot, as seen in peliosis.

peliosis (pel-e-o'-sis) [see pelioma]. Purpura, p.
rheumatica, purpura rheumatica; a disease charac-
terized by a purpuric rash, with arthritis and fever.

pellagra (pel-lah'-grah pel-a'-grah) [irkWa, skin; ay pa,
a seizure]. A disease occurring in Italy, southern
France, Spain, and in the southern States. It was
formerly believed to be due to thev use of diseased
maize, but is now thought by some to be of protozoan
origin, by others to be a deficiency disease; see vita-
mine. It is characterized in the early stages by de-
bility, spinal pains, and digestive disturbances; later
erythema develops, with drying and exfoliation of the
skin. In severe cases various nervous manifestations
arise, such as spasms, ataxic paraplegia, and mental
disturbances. In cases presenting ataxic paraplegia
the spinal cord has shown combined posterior and
lateral sclerosis. Syn., Lombardian leprosy, p. sine
pellagra, pellagra without the erythematous rash.

pefiagracein (pel-a-gra'-se-in) [pellagra]. A poison-
ous substance found in decomposed corn-meal.
Syn., pellagrazein, pellagrocein, pellagrozein.

pellagraphobia (pel-a-graf-o'-be-ah). Morbid dread
of becoming affected with pellagra.

pellagrin (pel'-a-grin) [It., pella, skin; agra, rough;
or ireXha, skin; &ypa, seizure]. One- who is afflicted
with pellagra.

pellagrous (pel-a'-grus) [wkWa, skin; aypa, seizure].
Affected with pellagra; pertaining to pellagra.

pellentia (pel-en' -she-ah) [pellere, to drive]. Ab-
ortifacient drugs.

pellet (pel'-et) [pila, ball]. A small pill.

pelletierine (pel-ef -e-er-en) [Bertrand Pelletier,
French chemist, 1761-1797], CsHuNO. A liquid
alkaloid obtained together with an isomeric body,
isopelletierie, also a liquid alkaloid, from pome-
granate-bark. It is used as a teniafuge, chiefly in
the form of the tannate. p. hydrobromide, used in
paralysis of the eye-muscles. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.25-
0.4 Gm.). p. hydrochloride, used as a teniafuge.
Dose 4I-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). p. sulphate, used as
an anthelmintic. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 Gm.) with 8 gr.
(0.52 Gm.) of tannin in 1 oz. (30 Cc.) of water,
followed by a cathartic, p. tannate (pelletier ince
tannas, U. S. P.), a mixture of the tannates of four
alkaloids obtained from Punica granatum. Dose
4 gr. (0.25 Gm.).

pellicle (pel'-ik-l) [pellis, skin]. 1. A thin mem-
brane,- or cuticle. 2. A film on the surface of a
liquid.

pellicular (pel-ik'-u-lar) [pellicula, dim. of pellis,
skin]. Of the nature of, or resembling a pellicle;
thin-skinned.

pelliculate (pel-ik'-u-lat) [pellicula, a small skin].
Covered with a pellicle.

pellis (pel'-is) [L.]. The skin.

pellitory (pel' -it-or-e) . See pyrethrum.

pellotine (pel'-ot-en), C13H19NO3. An alkaloid
from the Mexican cactus, Anhalonium williamsi;
it is a hypnotic, and is used chiefly in the form of the
hydrochloride. Dose £-1 gr. (0.056-0.06 Gm.);
subcutaneously |-| gr. (0.02-0.048 Gm.).

pellous (pel' -us) [pellis, skin]. Dark-skinned.

pellucid (pel-u'-sid) [pellucere, to shine through].
Transparent; translucent; not opaque, p. zone,
the zona pellucida, or inclosing membrane of the
mammalian ovum. It is also called the zona radiata.

pelma (pel' -mah) [ire\p.a, sole]. The lower surface
of the toes; also the entire sole of the foot.

PELMATIC

663

PELVISACRAL

pelmatic {pel-mat' '-ik) [wekua, sole]. Relating to
the sole of the foot.

pelmatogram (pel-mat' -o-gr am) [xeX/za, the sole of
the foot; ypanfia, a writing]. An imprint of the sole
of the foot.

pelohemia, pelohaemia (pe-lo-he'-me-ah) [ttt/Xos,
mud; alfia, blood]. Excessive thickness of the
blood.

pelopathist (pe-lop'-ath-ist) [ttt/Xos, mud; iraBos,
disease]. One who practises pelopathy.

pelopathy (pe-lop'-ath-e). The treatment of dis-
eases by' the application of mud.

pelor (pel' -or) [irekwp, a monster]. A fetal mon-
strosity, with some parts abnormally large.

pelotherapy (pe-lo-ther'-ap-e). See pelopathy.

peltation (pel-ta'-shun) [wkXrv, a shield]. The
protection afforded by inoculation with a serum.

pelveoperitonitis (pel'-ve-o-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pelvis;
peritoneum; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the pelvic peritoneum.

pelveoscope (pel' -ve-o-skop) [pelvis, a-Koirelv, to
examine]. An instrument for examining the pelvis;
a pelvimeter.

pelvioscopy (pel-ve-os'-ko-pe) . See pelvioscopy.

pelvic (pel'-vik) [pelvis]. Pertaining to the pelvis.
p. abscess, a suppurative inflammation of the con-
nective tissue of the pelvic cavity, most common in
women, and usually associated with puerperal or
gonorrheal infection, p. arch. Same as p. girdle.
p. cellulitis, inflammation of the connective tissue
of the pelvis, p. fascia, the fascia lining the pelvic
cavity, p. girdle, the arch formed by the ilium,
ischium, and pubis, or in the higher vertebrates by
the two innominate bones, p. index, the relation of
the anteroposterior to the transverse diameter of
the pelvis, p. inlet, the superior strait, p. outlet,
the inferior strait, p. region, the region within the
true pelvis.

pelvicellulitis (pel-vis-el-u-li'-tis). See pelvic cellu-
litis.

pelvicliseometer (pel-vik-liz-e-om'-et-er) [pelvis;
kXio-«, inclination; y.krpov, measure]. An instrument
for determining the inclination and the diameters
of the pelvis.

pelvfifixation (pel-ve-fiks-a'-shun) . Surgical fixation
of a misplaced pelvic organ.

pelvigraph (pel'-vig-raf) [pelvis; ypafaiv, to write].
An apparatus that automatically records the outline
of the pelvic wall.

pelvimeter (pel-vim' -et-er) [pelvis; ukrpov, a meas-
ure]. An instrument for measuring the pelvic
dimensions.

pelvimetry (pel-vim' -et-re) [see pelvimeter]. The
measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis, p.
combined, a combination of external and internal
pelvimetry, p. digital, pelvimetry by means of the
hand, p., external, measurement of the external
diameters of the pelvis, by which to estimate the
dimensions of the internal parts, p., internal,
measurement of the internal dimensions of the pelvis
by the hand or by the pelvimeter, p., manual.
Same as p., digital. See pelvis.

Table of Measurements of the Female Pelvis Cov-
ered by the Soft Parts.

Between iliac spines 26 cm.

Between iliac crests 29

External conjugate diameter 20J "

Internal conjugate diagonal i2f "

True conjugate, estimated 11

Right diagonal 22

Left diagonal 22 "

Between trochanters 31

Circumference of pelvis 90

pelvioplasty (pel-ve-o-plas'-te) [pelvis; irXaaaeip,
to form]. 1. Pelviotomy for the purpose of en-
larging the pelvic outlet. 2. Incision into the pelvis
of the kidney.

pelvioscopy (pel-ve-os'-ko-pe) [pelvis, vkoitHv, to
examine]. The examination of the pelvis; pelvi-
metry.

pelviotomy (pel-ve-ot'-o-me) [pelvis, toutj, a cutting].
Section or cutting of the bones of the pelvis, especially
the division of the symphysis pubis in case of difficult
labor.

pelviperitonitis (pel-vi-per-e-ton-i'-lis) [pelvis; peri-
tonitis]. Pelvic peritonitis.

pelvirectal (pel-ve-rek'-tal). Relating to the pelvis
and the rectum.

pelvis (pel' -vis) [L., "a basin"]. 1. A basin or
basin-shaped cavity, as the pelvis of the kidney.
2. The bony ring formed by the two innominate
bones and the sacrum and coccyx. 3. The cavity
bounded by the bony pelvis. The pelvis consists
of two parts — the true pelvis and the false pelvis,
which are separated by the iliopectineal line. The
entrance of the true pelvis, corresponding to this
line, is known as the inlet or superior strait; the
outlet or inferior strait is bounded by the symphysis
pubis, the tip of the coccyx, and the two ischia.
In measuring the pelvis the cardinal points of Capuron
are used as landmarks. They are the two iliopectineal
eminences and the two sacroiliac joints, p. sequa-
biliter justo major, one equally enlarged in all
diameters, p. aequabiliter justo minor, a pelvis with
all its diameters reduced below the normal, p.,
axis of (of inlet or outlet), a perpendicular to the middle
of the anteroposterior diameter, p., beaked, one
in which the pubic bones are compressed laterally
so as to approach each other, and are pushed forward;
a condition seen in osteomalacia, p., brim of, the
entrance to the pelvic cavity, called the inlet, superior
strait, margin, or isthmus.# p., cordate, one with
heart-shaped inlet, p., diameters of, imaginary
lines drawn between certain bony points, (a) Of
the inlet: the anteroposterior (sacropubic, or conju-
gate), from the upper edge of the promontory of
the sacrum to a point f of an inch below the upper
border of the pubic symphysis; it measures 11 cm.;
the transverse, from side to side at the widest point,
measuring 13I cm.; the oblique (right and left),
measuring I2f cm. (b) Of the outlet: the antero-
posterior, from the tip of the coccyx to the subpubic
ligament, measuring 9-i cm.; the transverse, between
the ischial tuberosities, measuring 11 cm.; the oblique,
from the under surface of the sciatic ligaments to
the junction of the ischiopubic rami, p., false, that
part above the iliopectineal line, p., floor of, the
mass of skin, connective tissue, muscles, and fascia
forming the inferior boundary of the pelvis, p.,
inclination of . See p., obliquity of. p., inlet of . See
inlet, p., justomajor. See p. cequabiliter justo
major, p., justominor. See p. cequabiliter justo
minor, p., kyphotic, one characterized by increase of
the conjugate diameter of the inlet, but decrease of
the transverse diameter of the outlet, through approxi-
mation of the tuberosities of the ischium. _ p.,
malacosteon. See p., osteomalacic, p., masculine,
one narrowed progressively from above, p., Nae-
gele's oblique, a pelvic deformity with ankylosis of
one sacroiliac synchondrosis, lack of development of
the associated lateral sacral mass, and other defects
that distort the diameters and render the conjugate
oblique in direction, p., obliquity of, p., inclination
of, the angle between the axis of the pelvis and that
of the body, p., osteomalacic, a distorted pelvis
characterized by a lessening of the transverse and
oblique diameters, with great increase of the antero-
posterior diameter, p., planes of, imaginary surfaces
touching all points of the circumference. The
plane of pelvic expansion perforates the middle of
the symphysis, the tops of the acetabula, and the
sacrum between the second and third vertebrae.
Its anteroposterior diameter is 12! cm.; its transverse
diameter is 12^ cm. The plane of pelvic contraction
passes through the tip of the sacrum, the spines of
the ischia, and the under surface of the symphysis.
Its anteroposterior diameter is nj cm.; its trans-
verse diameter is io§ cm. p., rhachitic, one charac-
terized by a sinking in and forward of the sacro-
vertebral angle, with a flaring outward of the iliac
crests and increased separation of the iliac spines.
p., Robert's, one in which there is an ankylosis
of both sacroiliac joints, with a rudimentary sacrum,
both lateral sacral masses being undeveloped, the
oblique and transverse diameters being much nar-
rowed, p., rostrate. Same as p., beaked. p.,
simple fiat, one in which the only deformity consists
in a shortening of the anteroposterior diameter, p.
spinosa, a rhachitic pelvis in which the crest of the
pubis is very sharp, and presents a spine at the
insertion of the psoas parvus, p., split, a form in
which there is congenital separation of the pubic
bones at the symphysis. It is often associated with
exstrophy of the bladder, p., straits of (superior
and inferior), the planes of the inlet and outlet.
p., true, the part below the iliopectineal line.

pelvisacral (pel-ve-sa'-kral) [pelvis; sacrum]. Per-
taining to the pelvis and the sacrum.

PELVISACRUM

664

PENZOLDT'S TEST

pelvisacrum (pel-ve-sa'-krum). The pelvis and
sacrum taken conjointly.

pelvitomy (pel-vit'-o-me) [pelvis; row, a cutting].
Synonym of pelviotomy.

pelvitrochanterian (pel-ve-tro-kan-te'-re-an). Relat-
ing to the pelvis and the great trochanter of the femur.

pelvoscopy (pel-vos'-ko-pe). See pelvioscopy.

pelycalgia (pel-ik-al'-je-ah) [irk\v£, pelvis; &X70S,
pain]. Pelvic pain in general.

pelycochirometresis (pel-ik-o-ki-ro-met-re'-sis). See
pelycocheirometresis.

pelycotomy (pel-ik-ot'-o-me) [ire\v£, pelvis; row,
a cutting]. Division of the os pubis; symphyseo-
tomy. See pelviotomy.

pelyocheirometresis (pel-e-o-ki-ro-met-re'-sis) [irk\v£ ,
pelvis; x«P. hand; ukrpov, measure]. Synonym of
pelvimetry, digital.

pelycography (pel-ik-og'-ra-fe) [irk\v£, pelvis; ypa-
<t>eiv, to write]. A description of the pelvis.

pelycology (pel-ik-ol'-o-je) [ire\v%, pelvis; X670S,
science]. A treatise upon the pelvis.

pelycometer (pel-ik-om'-et-er) [irk\v%, pelvis; n'erpov,
measure]. Same as pelvimeter.

pelycometresis (pel-ik-o-met-re'-sis). Synonym of
pelvimetry.

pelyometer (pel-e-om'-et-er) [7reXu£, pelvis; ukrpov,
measure]. Same as pelvimeter.

pelyometresis (pel-e-o-met-re'-sis) [irk\v£, pelvis;
likrpov, measure]. Same as pelvimetry.

pemmican (pem'-ik-an) [Amer. Ind.]. A concen-
trated food consisting of a mixture of the best beef
and fat dried together. Sugar is sometimes added,
as well as raisins and currants.

pemphigoid (pem'-fig-oid) [see pemphigus]. Re-
sembling or having the nature of pemphigus.

pemphigus (pem'-fig-us) [irkp.<f>i£, a blister]. An
acute or chronic disease of the skin characterized by
the appearance of bulla? or blebs, p. benignus.
Same as p. vulgaris, p. circinatus, a kind with the
bulla? in circles, p. foliaceus, a rare form charac-
terized by crops of flaccid blebs containing a turbid
fluid. The disease is usually of long duration, but
eventually ends fatally, p. hystericus. Same as
p. pruriginosus. p. malignus. Same as p. prurigi-
nosus. p. neonatorum, an acute form occurring in
infants and supposed to be due to a microorganism.
p. pruriginosus, that associated with severe itching,
purulent bullae, and wheals, p. solitarius, a form
with single blebs, p. syphiliticus, a bullous eruption
due to syphilis, p. vegetans, an affection charac-
terized by sore mouth, followed by some form of
dermatitis attended by vesication and then by papil-
lary growths, gradual emaciation and death. Syn.,
Neumann's disease, p. vulgaris, a form that is
usually chronic, the blebs appearing in successive
crops; on healing they leave a pigmented spot.
Itching and pain may be present.

pencil (pen'-sil) [penicillus, pencil]. 1. In phar-
macy, a medicated cylindrical stick, as a menthol
pencil, which is used for local application. 2. An
aggregation of rays of light meeting in a point.

pendinski ulcer (pen-din' -ske). See furunculus
orientalis.

pendulous (pen'-du-lus) [pendere, to hang]. Hang-
ing down loosely.

pendulum-motion. A to-and-fro movement like
that of a pendulum sometimes observed in the arms
in obscure nervous diseases.

penetrating (pen'-e-tra-ting) [see penetration].
Entering beyond the surface, p. power. See focal
depth, p. wound, one that pierces the wall of a
cavity or enters an organ.

penetration (pen-e-lra'-shun) [penetrare, to pierce].
1. The act of penetrating or piercing into. 2. Of a
microscope, the focal depth. 3. The entrance of
the penis into the vagina.

penetrometer (pen-e-trom'-et-er). An instrument
for measuring the penetrating power of the x-rays.

pengawar, penghawar djambi. The long soft
hairs, used as a mechanical styptic, obtained from
rhizomes of various ferns of Sumatra and Java,
particularly from the genus Cibotium.

penial (pe'-ne-al) [penis]. Pertaining to the penis.

penicillate (pen' -is-il-al) [penicillus, a painter's
brush or pencil]. Shaped like a pencil of hairs.

penicilliform (pen-is-iV -if-orm) [penicillus, a pencil;
forma, iorm]. Resembling a pencil.

Penicillium (pen-is-il'-e-um) [see penicillate], A
genus of fungi, of which the Penicillium glaucum,
or common blue-mold, is a familiar example.

penicillus (pen-is-il'-us) [penicillus, a painter's
brush; pi., penicilli]. One of the tufts of fine twigs
into which the arteries of the spleen subdivide.

penile (pe'-nil) [penis]. Pertaining to the penis.

penis (pe'-nis) [pendere, to hang]. The male organ
of copulation. It consists of the corpus spongiosum,
inclosing, the urethra, the two corpora cavernosa,
largely# composed of erectile tissue, and the glans.
p. captivus, one held in the vagina during copulation
by spasm of the perineal muscles of the female.
p. cerebri, the pineal gland, p. factitious, an arti-
ficial penis. Syn., fascinum; dildoe. p. feminis,
the clitoris. p. lipodermus. See paraphimosis.
p. muliebris. Synonym of p. feminis. p. palmatus,
one inclosed by the skin of the scrotum. Syn.,
webbed penis, p. succedaneus. See p. factitious.

penischisis (pen-is' -kis-is) [penis; <rx«us, a splitting]
A comprehensive term for epispadias and hypo-
spadias.

penitis (pe-ni'-tis) [penis; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the penis.

penjavar yambi. See penghawar djambi.

Penjdeh sore (penj'-deh) [Penjdeh, a village of
Russian Turkestan]. See furunculus orientalis.

penniform (pen' -if-orm) [penna, feather; forma,
form]. Shaped like a feather; said of certain muscles.

pennyroyal (pen-e-roi'-al). See hedeoma.

pennyweight (pen'-e-wat) [AS., pening, penny;
wegan, weigh]. A weight of 24 grains.

penologist (pe-noV -o-jist) . One who makes a
study of crime and its cause and prevention.

penology, poenology (pe-nol'-o-je) [iroivi), penalty;
Xoyos, science]. The science treating of crime, its
punishment and prevention; the study of the manage-
ment of prisons, etc.

penoscrotal (pe-no-skro'-tal). Pertaining to the
penis and the scrotum.

pensioner, Chelsea. See under Chelsea.

pent-. A prefix used to signify five.

pentabasic (pen-tab-a'-sik) [irkvre, five; basis, base].
Having five replaceable hydrogen atoms.

pentad (pen'-tad) [irkvre, five]. An element or
radical having a valence of five.

pental (pen'-tal) [irkvre, five], C5H10. Trimethyl-
ethylene; it is used as an anesthetic.

pentamethylendiamine (pen-tah-melh-il-en-di'-am-
in). See cadaverine.

pentane (pen'-tan) [irkvre, five], C5H12. The fifth
member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It
is a liquid and occurs in naphtha.

Pentastoma (pen-tas-to'-mah) [irkvre, five; o-rbp.a,
mouth]. A genus of entozoa, worm-like parasites,
generally referred to the class arthropoda. There
are many species, several of which have been found
encysted in the human liver and lungs. See lingua-
tula.

pentatomic (pen-tat-om'-ik) [irkvre, five; arop.os,
atom], 1. Containing five atoms. 2. Having five
replaceable hydrogen atoms in the molecule.

pentavalent (pen-tav'-al-ent) [irkvre, five; valens,
having power]. Having a valence of five.

pentene (pen' -ten) [irkvre, five], C5H10. Amylene,
one of the olefin series of hydrocarbons.

pentosan (pen'-to-san). A complex carbohydrate
capable of forming a pentose by hydrolysis.

pentosazon (pen-to' -saz-on). A body occurring
in urine, possessing marked reducing qualities, but
incapable ofjfermentation; it represents an abnormality
in the total metabolism of the body.

pentose (pen'-tos) [irkvre, five]. Any one of a
class of carbohydrates containing five atoms of
carbon. The pentoses are not fermentable, and on
boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid yield furfurol,
CSH4O2.

pentosuria (pen-to-su'-re-ah) [pentose; ovpov, urine].
The presence of pentose in the urine. Urine con-
taining pentose reduces Fehling's solution, but does
not ferment.

pentoxide (pen-toks'-id) [irkvre, five; oxide]. An
oxide containing five atoms of oxygen.

pentyl (pen' -til) [irkvre, five; SX77, matter], C5H11.
A univalent hydrocarbon, p. hydride, same as amyl
hydride.

Penzoldt's test for acetone (pen'-tsolt) [Franz
Penzoldt, German physician, 1849- ]• Treat
a warm saturated solution of orthonitrobenzaldehyde
with the liquid to be tested for acetone, and alka-
linize with sodium hydroxide. If acetone is present,
the liquid becomes first yellow, then green, and
lastly indigo separates, which may be dissolved

PENZOLDT AND FISCHER'S TEST 665

PERCEPTION

with a blue color on shaking with chloroform. P.'s
test for glucose in urine, to a few cubic centimeters
of urine add some caustic potash, and enough of a
weakly alkaline solution of diazobenzol sulphonic
acid to equal the amount of urine. Shake for one-
fourth to one-half of an hour to produce foam.
A light Bordeaux-red or yellowish-red coloration
will result, with a red foam.

Penzoldt and Fischer's test for phenol. Treat a
strongly alkaline solution of phenol with a solution
of diazobenzol sulphonic acid; a deep red coloration
is produced.

peonin {pe'-o-nin), Ci9Hi3G*2(NH2). An indicator
for alkalies.

peotomy (pe-ot'-o-me) [vkos, penis; tow, a cutting].
Amputation of the penis.

pepana (.pep'-an-ali). Trade name of a preparation
of pepsin and pancreatin so arranged and coated that
the pepsin is released in the stomach and the pan-
creatin in the intestine.

pepo (pe'-po) [irkiruv, ripe; mellow]. Seed of the
pumpkin, Cucurbila pepo; it is a teniafuge.

peporesin (pe-po-rez'-in). A hard substance in
the husk of pumpkin-seeds; it is a vermicide.

pepper (pep'-er) [piper, from Skt., pippala]. The
fruit of various species of Piper, of the order Piper-
acece. p., black, the piper of the U. S. P.: piper
nigrum of the B. P., contains a neutral principle,
piper in (piperina, U. S. P."), an acrid resin, and a
volatile oil, and is used as a condiment and as a
carminative stimulant, and to a slight extent is
antiperiodic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). p.,
Cayenne. See capsicum, p., oleoresin of (oleoresina
piperis, U. S. P.). Dose y-i min. (0.016-0.065 Cc).
p., white, similar to black pepper, but less active.

peppermint. See mentha piperita.

peppermint test. A method of discovering defec-
tive drain-pipes by pouring oil of peppermint down
the pipes or trap connected with the drain; the odor
of the peppermint enters the house if the drain
pipe leaks.

pepsencia (pep-sen' -she-ah). Trade name of a
preparation containing the enzymes of the gastric
glands.

pepsic (pep'-sik). Same as peptic.

pepsin [irhf/is, digestion]. A ferment found in the
gastric juice, and capable of digesting proteids in
the presence of an acid. It splits albumin into
antialbumose and hemialbumose, the former of which
it separates into two molecules of antipeptone, while
the latter is acted upon by trypsin and split into
two molecules of hemipeptone. Pepsin is used in
medicine to aid digestion. The pepsinum of the
U. S. P. and B. P. is obtained from the stomach of
pigs. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). pepsinum
saccharatum, pepsin mixed with sugar of milk, pep-
sini, vinum, contains 0.3 % of hydrochloric acid.
Dose §-1 oz. (16-32 Cc).

pepsinate (pep'-sin-at) [irtyis, digestion]. To
mix, or prepare, with pepsin.

pepsiniferous (pep-sin-if'-er-us) [pepsin; ferre, to
bear]. _ Producing pepsin.

pepsinogen (pep-sin' -o-jen) [pepsin; ytwav, to
beget]. The antecedent substance or zymogen of
pepsin, present in the cells of the gastric glands,
and which during digestion is converted into pepsin.

pepsinogenous (pep-sin-oj'-en-us). See pepsini-
ferous.

pepsinum (pep- si' -num.). See pepsin.

pepsis (pep'-sis) [-n-expis, digestion]. Digestion.

peptic (pep'-tik) [pepsin], i. Pertaining to pepsin.
2. Pertaining to digestion, p. glands, the glands
situated in the cardiac and middle thirds of the
stomach, and secreting pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
p. ulcer, the round ulcer of the stomach, due to
erosion of the mucous membrane by the gastric
juice.

pepticity (pep-lis'-il-e) [irkvrtiv, to digest]. The
state of being peptic; eupepsia.

peptid (pep'-tid). A compound of amino-acids
intermediate between peptones and the individual
amino-bodies.

peptinotoxin (pep-tin-o-toks'-in). See peptotoxin.

peptogaster (pep-to-gas' -ter) [-rk*Teiv, to digest;
yaarvp, belly]. The intestinal canal, or digestive
apparatus as a whole.

peptogastric (pep-to-gas' -trik) [■wk-K-rt.w, to digest;
yao-rrip, belly]. Pertaining to the peptogaster;
peptic.

peptogen (pep'-io-jen) [irk^is, digestion; ytvua„t

to beget]. A substance that favors the production of
pepsin.

peptogenic (pep-to-jen' -ik) [pepsin; yewav, to pro-
duce]. Producing pepsin or peptones.

peptogenous (pep-toj'-en-us) [-n-'&l/vs, digestion;
yewav, to produce]. Producing pepsin or peptones.

peptolysis (pep-tol'-is-is) [peptone; \vais, destruc-
tion]. The hydrolysis or splitting up of peptones.

peptomangan (pep-to-man' -gan). A proprietary
compound said to consist of iron, manganese, and
peptone; used in tuberculosis, etc.

peptone (pep'-ton) [Trkirreiv, to cook]. A protein
body formed by the action of ferments on albumins
during gastric and pancreatic digestion. It may
be considered a hydrated albumin. Before the final
formation of peptone several similar intermediate
compounds are produced, as hemipeptone and anti-
peptone. See pepsin. Amphopeptone is a mixture
of these two. Propeptone or hemialbumose is a
mixture of several intermediate products. Para-
peptone is also an intermediate product of digestion
and is closely allied to syntonin. Gelatin-peptone
is a peptone formed in the digestion of gelatin.
Peptones are soluble, readily diffusible, are not
precipitated by boiling, by nitric acid, or by po-
tassium f errocyanide ; they are precipitated by
mercury bichloride, by tannic acid, and by phos-
phomolybdic acid; they give Millon's test, and the
xanthoproteic and biuret reactions; they are lev-
orotatory. p., albumin-, a light yellow powder
obtained from white of egg by action of pepsin with a
little hydrochloric acid; used as a nutrient, p. anhy-
dride. See albuminate, p., beef, true peptone from
beef; a light brown powder, soluble in water, used
as a nutrient in dyspepsia, p., casein, peptonized
casein from milk; a yellow, hygroscopic powder used
as a nutrient, p., milk. See p., casein, p. powder,
a nutrient containing 91 % of peptone, p.s, test for.
See Hofmeister.

peptonemia, peptonemia (pep-to-ne'-me-ah) [pep-
tone; alua, blood]. The presence of peptone in the
blood.

peptonization (pep-to-ni-za'-shun) [peptone]. The
process of converting proteins into peptones.

peptonize (pep'-to-niz) [peptone]. To digest with
pepsin; to predigest; to convert into peptones.

peptonoid (pep'-to-noid) [TreirreLv, to digest; elSos,
like]. A substance resembling or claimed to re-
semble peptones.

peptonuria (pep-to-nu'-re-ah) [peptone; ovppv, urine].
The presence of peptones in the urine, p. entero-
genous, peptonuria due to disease of the intestine.
p. hepatogenous, that accompanying certain liver-
affections, p. nephrogenous, peptonuria of renal
origin, p., puerperal, the peptonuria of the puerperal
state, p., pyogenic, that produced by suppuration
in the body.

peptosin (pep' -to- sin). A proprietary preparation
of pepsin.

peptothyroid (pep-to-lhi'-roid). A proprietary
peptonized preparation of thyroid extract.

peptotoxin (pep-to-toks'-in) [peptone; to&kov, a
poison], A poisonous ptomaine found in peptones
and in putrefying albuminous substances, such as
fibrin, casein, brain, liver, and muscle, p., cholera,
a toxic substance generated by the cholera bacillus,
and chemically allied to peptone.

peptovarin (pep-to' -va-rin). Extract of peptonized
ovaries.

pepule (pep' -id). Trade name for a pill.

per [L.j. A preposition meaning through, p.
anum, by way of the anus. p. os, by the mouth.
p. rectum, by the rectum, p. vaginam, by the
vagina, p. viam, by the way of.

per-. A prefix with an intensive meaning denoting
"very"; also in chemistry denoting the highest of
a series.

peracephalus (per-as-ef'-al-us) [irepa, more than;
a.Ke<j)a\os, without a head]. A fetal monstrosity
characterized not only by want of upper extremities,
but also by malformation or absence of the thorax.

peracidity (pcr-as-id'-it-e) [per, very; acidus, acid].
Excessive acidity.

peracute (per-ak-ut') [per, very; aculus, sharp].
Very acute.

perarticulation (per-ar-Uk-ii-la'-shun) [per; articu-
lation]. Synonym of diarthrosis.

peratodynia (per-at-o-din'-e-ah) [wkpas, end; SSwv,
pain]. Pain at the cardiac extremity of the stomach.

perception (per-sep'-shun) [per, capere, to receive].

PERCEPTIVITY

666

PERIBLAST

i. The act of receiving impressions through the
medium of the senses. 2. The faculty receiving
such impressions.

perceptivity (per-sep-tiv'-il-e) [per, through; caper e,
to receive]. The faculty or capability of receiving
impressions.

perceptorium (per-sep-to'-re-um). Same as sen-
sorium.

perchlorate (per-klo'-rat). See under perchloric
acid.

perchlorhydria (per-klor-hi'-dre-ah). See hyper-
chlorhydria.

perchloric acid {per-klo'-rik) [per; x^^pos, green],
HCIO4. The highest oxyacid of chlorine. It is a
volatile liquid decomposing in contact with organic
substances, and forming salts called per chlorates.

perclusion (per-kloo'-shun) [per, through; daudere,
to shut up]. Inability to execute any movement.

percolate (per'-ko-lat) [percolare, to strain through].
1. To submit to the piocess of percolation. 2. The
solution obtained by percolation.

percolation (per-ko-la'-shun) [see percolate]. The
process of extracting the soluble constituents of a
substance by allowing the solvent to trickle through
a powdered mass placed in a long conical vessel —
the percolator.

percolator (per'-ko-la-ior) [percolare, to strain
through]. A long conical vessel with a delivery-
tube at the lower extremity, employed for the
purpose of extracting the soluble constituents of a
substance, packed in a percolator, by means of a
liquid poured over it.

percuss (per-kus') [percutere, to strike]. To per-
form percussion upon.

percussion (per-kush'-un) [percutere, to strike
through]. A method of physical diagnosis applied
by striking upon any part of the body, with a view
to ascertaining the conditions of the underlying organs
by the character of the sounds elicited, p., ausculta-
tory, percussion combined with auscultation. It is
best performed by placing a double stethoscope at a
fixed point and percussing gently all around, p.,
immediate, percussion in which the surface is struck
directly, without the interposition of a pleximeter.
p., instrumental, the use of a special hammer as a
plexor, either alone or with a plate as a pleximeter.
p., mediate, percussion in which a pleximeter is used.
p.-note, the sound elicited on percussion, p.-wave,
the term given to the chief ascending wave of the
sphygmographic tracing.

percussopunctator (per-kus-o-pungk-ta'-tor) [per-
cutere, to beat; punctare, to mark]. An instrument
resembling a plexor or hammer, consisting princi-
pally ot a group of needles by means of which multiple
punctures are made into the tissues in rheumatism,
lumbago, and neuralgia.

percussor (per-kus'-or) [percutere, to strike through].
He who or that which percusses; a percutor or
plessor.

percutaneous {per-ku-ta'-ne-us) [per; cutaneous].
Performed through the skin, as percutaneous faradiza-
tion.

percutor (per-ku'-tor) [percutere, to strike]. An
instrument used in the percussion of massage and in
therapeutic flagellation.

Percy's operation (per'-se) [J. F. Percy, American
surgeon]. A method of destroying cancer tissue by
the use of carefully regulated heat. The following
agents are employed: radiant energy, hot ail, hot
water, steam, electro-coagulation, fulguration, and
the actual cautery.

pereirine (per-i'-ren). An amorphous alkaloid
found in the bark of Geissospermum lave. Its hydro-
chloride and valerianate are used as antipyretics.

perencephalia, perencephaly (per-en-sef-a'-le-ah,
per-en-sef'-al-e) [irripa, a pouch; eyntyaXos, brain].
A condition marked by multiple cystic brain tu-
mors.

Perez's bacillus. The supposed microorganism of
ozena. P.'s sign. A loud friction-murmur heard
over the sternum when the patient raises his arms,
especially the left, over his head and lets them fall
again; it is noted in cases of aneurysm of the arch
of the aorta and in mediastinal tumors.

perflation (per-fla' -shun) [perflare, to blow through].
1. A method of ventilation by which a current of
air blowing against a dwelling is made to force its
way in. 2. The act of forcing air into a cavity for
the purpose of evacuating fluid.

perforans (per'-for-anz) [perforate]. Penetrating

or perforating, a term applied to a muscle or nerve
perforating a part.

perforate (per'-for-at) [per; for are, to bore]. In
biology, pierced with small holes.

perforated (per'-for-a-ted) [perforate]. Pierced
through, p. space, a part of the base of the brain
pierced with many small holes for the passage of
blood-vessels. The anterior perforated space is
situated on the inner side of the fissure of Sylvius;
the posterior perforated space, between the corpora
albicantia in front, the pons behind, and the crura
cerebri on either side.

perforating (per'-for-a-ting) [perforate]. Piercing.
p. ulcer. See ulcer, perforating.

perforation (per-for-a'-shun) [perforate]. 1. The
act of piercing or boring into a part; especially the
piercing of the fetal head during labor. - 2. A hole
made through a part or the wall of a cavity.

perforator (per'-for-a-tor) [perforate]. An instru-
ment for boring through the fetal skull; also for
perforating other bones.

perforatorium (per-for-a-to'-re-um). 1. The pointed
process of the spermatozoon head. 2. Same as
cephalotome.

perforatus {per-for-a'-tus) [perforate]. Perforated,
applied to a muscle which is perforated by another
muscle or by a nerve.

perfrication {per -frik-a' -shun) [per, through ; fricare,
to rub]. Inunction.

perfusion (per-fu'-zhun) [per; f under e, to pour].
A pouring of fluid into or through; the passage of a
fluid through spaces.

pergenol (per'-jen-ol). A solid compound of
hydrogen dioxide which dissolves in water, forming a
solution of H2O2.

perhydrol (per-hi'-droV). Trade name of a solution
of hydrogen dioxide.

peri- (per-e-) [irepi, around]. A prefix signifying
around or surrounding.

periacinal, periacinous (per-e-as'-in-al, per-e-as'-
in-us) [peri-; acinus, a. grape]. Lying around an acinus.

periadenitis (per-e-a-den-i'-tis) [peri-; &8rji>, gland,
iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues
that surround a gland.

periadventitial. {per-e-ad-ven-tish'-al) [peri-; ad-
ventitial Situated, or occurring, around the ad-
ventitia, or external coat of a vessel.

perialgia (per-e-al'-je-ah) [Peri, very; 0X701, pain].
A condition of excruciating pain.

perialienitis (per-e-al-yen-i'-tis) [peri-; alienus, for-
eign]. Noninfectious inflammation due to a foreign
body. Syn., perialienitis cirrhosa.

periamygdalar (per-e-am-ig'-dal-ar) [Peri-; &nvyda\ri,
tonsil]. Around a tonsil.

periamygdalitis (per-e-am-ig-dal-]i'-tis) [peri-; ifivy
SaX-rj, tonsil; tr«, inflammation. Inflammation-
around the tonsil; peritonsillitis.

perianal (per-e-a'-nal) [peri-; anus]. Situated or
occurring around the anus.

periangiocholitis (per-e-an-je-o-ko-li'-tis) [Peri-;
Lyyiiov, vessel; X0X17, bile; ins, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the connective tissues surrounding the
biliary ducts.

periangioma (per-e-an-je-o'-mah) [peri-; &yyeloi>,
vessel; o>a,, tumor]. A tumor surrounding a vessel.

periaortitis (per-e-a-or-ti'-tis) [peri-; aorta; it«,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues sur-
rounding the aorta.

periappendicitis (per-e-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the tissue around the vermiform appendix.

periarterial (per-e-ar-te'-re-al). Surrounding an
artery.

periarteritis (per-e-ar-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the external sheath of an artery, p. nodosa, a
thickening of the arterial coats in localized areas,
producing nodular swellings.

periarthritis (per-e-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation of
the tissues about a joint.

periarticular (per-e-ar-tik'-u-lar). About a joint.

periatrial (per-e-a'-tre-al) [peri-; atrium]. Situated
around the atrium, or auricle, of the heart.

periaxial {per-e-aks'-e-al) [peri-; axis]. Surround-
ing an axis. p. neuritis, inflammation of the myelin
sheath but not of the axis-cylinder of a nerve.

periaxillary (per-e-aks'-il-a-re) . Around the axilla.

periaxonal (per-e-aks'-on-al) [peri-; axon]. Around
an axone.

periblast (per'-e-blast) [peri-; /SXao-ros, a germ].
The protoplasm surrounding the nucleus of a cell;
periplast.

PERIBLASTIC

667

PERIDESMITIS

periblastic (per-e-blas'-tik) [peri-; pXaaros, a germ].
Pertaining to the periblast. Germinating from the
surface of an ovum.

periblepsia, periblepsis (per-e-blep'-se-ah, -sis)
[peri-; p\tirtiv, to look]. The wild look of a patient
in delirium.

peribronchial (per-e-brong'-ke-al) [peri-; bronchus].
Surrounding a bronchus; occurring about a bronchus.

peribronchiolitis (per-e-brong-ke-o-li'-tis). Inflam-
mation around the bronchioles.

peribronchitis (per-e-brong-ki'-tis). Inflammation
of the tissue immediately surrounding the bronchi.

peribrosis (per-ib-ro'-sis) [peri-; ffpilxns, a feeding].
Ulceration at the canthi of the eyelids.

pericsecal {per-is-e'-kal). See pericecal.

pericardiac, pericardial (per-e-kar'-de-ak, per-e-
kar'-de-al) [pericardium]. Pertaining to the peri-
cardium.

pericardicentesis (per-e-kar-de-sen-te'-sis) [peri-
cardium; Ktv-rqais, a pricking]. Puncture of the
pericardium.

pericardiopleural (per-e-kar-de-o-ploo'-ral). Relat-
ing to the pericardium and to the pleurae.

pericardiorrhaphy (per-e-kar-de-or'-af-e) [pericar-
dium; pa<t>ri, suture]. The suturing of a wound in
the pericardium.

pericardiotomy (per-ik-ar-de-ot'-o-me) [pericardium ;
Tom, a cutting]. Incision of the pericardium.

pericarditic (per-ik-ar-dit'-ik). Pertaining to peri-
carditis.

pericarditis (per-e-kar-di'-tis) [pericardium; ms,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the pericardium.
The symptoms are slight fever, precordial pain and
tenderness, cough, dyspnea, and rapid pulse. The
physical signs vary — in the early stage there is a
distinct friction-sound on auscultation, and some-
times a fremitus on palpation. In the stage of
effusion there are bulging of the precordia and a
triangular area of dulness, the base of which is down-
ward; the heart-sounds are muffled. In chronic
pericarditis with adhesions there is often systolic
retraction of the precordia. The causes of peri-
carditis are rheumatism, the acute and chronic
infectious diseases, Bright's disease, and extension of
inflammation from neighboring parts, p., adhesive,
that in which the two layers of pericardium tend to
adhere, p., carcinomatous, that due to carcinoma
of the pericardium, p., dry, a form without effusion.
p., external, that affecting the outer layer of the peri-
cardium, p., fibrinous, a form in which the mem-
brane is covered with a fibrinous exudate, first soft
and buttery in consistence, but later organizing.
p., hemorrhagic, a form in which the fluid is hemor-
rhagic. This is the case most often in tuberculous
pericarditis, also in scorbutus and in cachectic con-
ditions, p., localized, a form giving rise to whitish
areas, the so-called milk-spots, p., moist, that at-
tended by an effusion, p. obliterans, a form leading
to obliteration of the cavity by the adhesions of the
layers, p., purulent, a variety in which the effused
fluid becomes purulent, p., serofibrinous, a form in
which there is but little lymph or fibrin, but a con-
siderable quantity of serous fluid, p. tuberculous, a
form due to tuberculous infection of the pericardium.
p., typhoid, that in which there are high fever and
typhoid symptoms.

pericardium (per-e-kar'-de-um) [peri-; icapSia,
heart]. The closed membranous sac enveloping the
heart. Its base is attached to the central tendon of
the diaphragm; its apex surrounds for a short distance
the great vessels arising from the base of the heart.
It consists of an outer fibrous coat, derived from
the cervical fascia, and an inner serous coat. The
sac normally contains from 5 to 20 Gm. of clear
serous liquid. The part in contact with the heart
(visceral pericardium) is termed the epicardium;
the other is the parietal pericardium, p., bread-
and-butter, a peculiar appearance produced in
fibrinous pericarditis by the rubbing of the two
surfaces of the membrane over each other, p.,
shaggy, a pericardium upon which, as the result of
fibrinous pericarditis, thick, loose, shaggy layers of
fibrin are deposited.

pericardosis (per-e-kar-do'-sis). Microbic infection
of the pericardium.

pericardotomy (per-e-kar-dot'-o-me) [pericardium ;
TOfi-f], a cutting]. The operation of opening the
pericardium.

pericecal (per-e-se'-kal) [peri-; cecum]. Surround-
ing the cecum.

pericellular (per-is-el'-u-lar) [peri-; cellula, a small
cell]. Surrounding a cell.

pericementitis (per-e-sem-ent-i'-tis) [peri-; cemen-
tum, cement; ins, inflammation]. Fauchard's
disease; progressive necrosis of the dental alveoli.

pericementum (per-e-sem-ent'-um). A dense fibrous
tissue covering the fang of a tooth.

pericentral (per-is-en'-tral). Situated around a
center, or centrum.

perichareia (per-ik-ar-i'-ah) [Vepixapifr, very glad].
Sudden vehement, or morbid rejoicing; a symptom
in certain insanities.

pericholangitis (jper-e-ko-lan-ji'-tis). See peri-
angiocholitis.

pericholecystitis (per-ik-ol-e-sis-ti'-iis) [peri-; xo\v,
bile; kvo-tls, bladder; ms, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion near or around the gall-bladder.

pericholous (per-ik'-o-lus) [peri-; xo^v, bile].
Excessively bilious.

perichondral (per-e-kon'-dral). Relating to the
perichondrium.

perichondria! (per-ik-on-dre'-al). Pertaining to or
resembling perichondrium.

perichondritic (per-ik-on-drit'-ik). Pertaining to
or affected with perichondritis.

perichondritis (per-e-kon-dri'-tis) [perichondrium;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the peri-
chondrium.

perichondrium (per-e-kon'-dre-um) [peri-; xwSpos,
cartilage]. The fibrous connective tissue covering
the surface of cartilage.

perichondroma (per-ik-on-dro'-mah) [peri-; xovSpos,
cartilage; 5p.a, tumor]. A tumor of the perichondrium.

perichord (per'-ik-ord) [peri-; xopS-fj, cord]. The
sheath of the notochord.

perichordal (per-ik-or'-dal). Pertaining to the
perichord.

perichoroid, perichoroidal (per-ik-o'-roid, per-ik-o-
roi'-dal) [peri-; xoptov, chorion; eiSos, like]. Sur-
rounding the choroid.

periclasis (per-ik' -las-is) [irepiKkav, to twist around].
A comminuted fracture.

pericolitis (per-e-ko-li'-tis) [peri-; colitis]. Inflam-
mation of the tissues around the colon.

pericolonitis (per-ik-o-lon-i'-tis). Same as peri-
colitis.

pericolpitis (per-e-kol-pi'-tis). See paracolpitis.

periconchal (per-ik-ong'-kal) [peri-; Koyxv, a shell].
Surrounding the concha of the ear. p. sulcus, a
sulcus separating the helix and the convex hinder
surface of the concha.

periconchitis (per-e-kon-ki'-tis) [peri-; Koyxv, the
socket of the eye]. Inflammation of the periosteum
or lining membrane of the orbit.

pericorneal (per-e-kor'-ne-al) [peri-; cornea]. Sur-
rounding the cornea.

pericowperitis (per-e-kow-per-i'-tis). Inflammation
of the tissues about Cowper's glands.

pericolitis (per-e-koks-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
tissues around the hip-joint.

pericranial (per-e-kra'-ne-al) [pericranium]. Per-
taining to the pericranium.

pericranitis {per-ik-ra-ni'-tis). Inflammation of the
pericranium.

pericranium (per-e-kra'-ne-um) [peri-; Kpavlov,
skull]. The periosteum of the skull, p. internum.
See endocranium.

pericystic (per-e-sis'-tik). 1. Surrounding a cyst.
2. Surrounding a bladder either gall-bladder or
urinary bladder.

pericystitis (per-e-sis-ti'-tis). Inflammation of the
peritoneum or the connective tissue surrounding
the bladder.

pericystium {per-e-sis'-te-um) [peri-; kihttis, a cyst].
1. The vascular wall of a cyst. 2. The tissues
surrounding a bladder.

pericytial (per-e-sit'-e-al) [peri-; kvtos, a cell].
Surrounding a cell.

peridectomy (per-e-dek'-to-me). Synonym of
peritomy.

peridendritic (per-e-den-drit'-ik). Surrounding a
dentrite.

peridental (per-e-den'-tal) [peri-; dens, a tooth].
Surrounding a tooth or its root; periodontal.

periderm (per'-id-erm) [peri-; 5kpp.a, skin]. 1. The
cuticle. 2. The Malpighian layer of the skin.

peridermal, peridermic (per-id-er'-mal, per-id-er'-
mik). Cuticular; pertaining to the periderm.

peridesmitis (per-id-es-mi'-tis). Inflammation of
the peridesmium.

PERIDESMIUM

PERINEOCOLPORECTOMYOMECTOMY

peridesmium {per-e-dez' -me-um) [peri-; Se<xp.6s,
a band]. The delicate membrane that invests a
ligament.

peridiastole (per-e-di-as'-to-le) [peri-; diastole].
The pause between the systole and diastole.

perididymis (per-e-did' '-im-is) [peri-; SISvfios, a
testicle]. The tunica albuginea testis.

perididymitis (per-e-did-im-i'-tis) [perididymis ;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the perididy-
mis.

periencephalitis (per-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the pia mater.

periencephalomeningitis (per-e-en-sef-al-o-men-in-
ji'-tis). See periencephalitis.

periendothelioma (per-e-en-do-the-le-o'-mah). A
tumor originating in the endothelium of the lympha-
tics and the perithelium of the blood-vessels.

periendymal (per-e-en'-dim-al). Same as periep-
endymal. *

perienteric (per-e-en-ter'-ik) [peri-; ivrepov, in-
testine]. Situated around the enteron; perivisceral.

perienteritis (per-e-en-ter-i'-tis) [peri-; evrepov,
intestine; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
intestinal peritoneum.

perienteron (per-e-en'-ter-on) [peri-; evrepov, in-
testine]. The primitive perivisceral cavity; the space
between the entoderm and the ectoderm, the fore-
runner of the schizocele or enterocele.

periependymal {per-e-ep-en'-dim-al) [peri-; epen-
dyma]. Situated, or occurring, outside the ependyma.

periepithelioma (per-e-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah). A tumof
originating in the endothelium lining the blood-
vessels or lymphatics.

Perier's operation (per-e-a'). For uterine inversion:
removal of the inverted uterus by the elastic ligature.

perieresis (per-e-er'-es-is) [irepiaipeZv, to take off].
A circular incision around a tumor or abscess.

periesophageal, pericesophageal (per-e-e-so-faj'-
e-al) [peri-; esophagus]. Situated, or occurring, just
outside of, or around, the esophagus.

periesophagitis, perioesophagitis (per-e-e-sof-aj-V-
tis) [peri-; esophagus; ins, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the tissues that surround the esophagus.

perifascicular (per-e-fas-ik'-u-lar) [peri-; fasciculus,
a fascicle]. Surrounding a fasciculus.

perifibral, perifibrous (per-if-i'-bral, per-if-i'-brus)
[peri-; fibra, a fiber]. Surrounding a fiber.

perifistular (per-e-fis'-tu-lar). Around a fistula.

perifolliculitis {per-if-ol-ik-u-li'-tis) [peri- ; folliculus,
follicle ; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation around
the hair-follicles.

perif olliculosis (per-if-ol-ik-u-lo'-sis) [peri- ; folliou-
lus, a follicle; *wos, disease]. A follicular skin-
affection.

perigangliitis (per-ig-ang-gle-i'-tis) [peri-; ganglion;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues
surrounding a ganglion.
< periganglionic (per-ig-ang-gle-on'-ik) [peri-; gang-
lion]. Situated, or occurring, around a ganglion.

perigastric (per-ig-as'-trik) [peri-; yacrrrip, stomach].
Surrounding or in the neighborhood of the stomach.

perigastritis (per-e-gas-tri'-tis). Inflammation of
the peritoneal coat of the stomach.

perigemmal (per-e-jem'-al) [peri-; gemma, a bud].
Around a bulb or bulb-like structure; a mode of
termination of certain nerve fibrils.

periglandulitis {per-e-gland-u-li'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the tissues about a small gland. .

periglottic {per-ig-lot'-ik) [peri- ; y\uaaa, the
tongue]. Situated around the base of the tongue and
the epiglottis.

periglottis (per-e-glot'-is) [peri-; yXwrns, the
tongue]. The mucous membrane or villous coating
of the tongue.

perignathic (per-ig-na'-thik) [peri-; yvaBos, jaw].
Situated about the jaw.

perihepatic (per-e-he-pat'-ik) [peri-; tfirap, liver].
Surrounding, or occurring around, the liver.

perihepatitis (per-e-hep-at-i'-tis) . Inflammation
of the peritoneum surrounding the liver.

periherniary, perihernious (per-e-her'-ne-a-re, -ne-
us). Applied to tissue immediately about a hernia.

perihysteric (per-e-his-ter'-ik) [peri-; varkpa, the
womb]. Around the uterus; periuterine.

perikaryon (per-e-kar'-e-on) [peri-; napvov, a nut].
The cytoplasm of a neuron; the cell-body of a nerve.

perikeratic (per-ik-er-at'-ik) [peri-; Kepas, cornea].
Surrounding the cornea.

perilabyrinthitis (per-e-lab-ir-inth-i'-tis). Inflam-
mation of the part surrounding the labyrinth.

perilaryngeal (per-e-lar-in'-je-al) [peri-; larynx].
Situated, or occurring, around the larynx.

perilaryngitis (per-e-lar-in-ji'-tis) [peri-; larynx;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the areolar
tissue surrounding the larynx.

perilymph (per'-e-limf). The fluid separating the
membranous from the osseous labyrinth of the ear.

perilymphangial (per-il-im-fan'-je-al) [peri-; lymph;
&yyelov, vessel]. Situated, or occurring, around a
lymphatic vessel.

perilymphangitis (per-e-lim-fan-ji'-tis) [peri-;
lymph; &yyeiov, vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the tissues surrounding a lymphatic vessel.

perilymphatic (per-e-lim-fat'-ik). i. Pertaining to
the perilymph. 2. Situated or occurring about a
lymphatic vessel.

perimadarous (per-e-mad'-ar-us) [peri-; fiaSapos,
bald]. Applied to a spreading ulcer with the epi-
derm peeling off before its advance.

perimastitis (per-e-mast-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the connective tissue surrounding the mammary
gland.

perimeningitis (per-e-men-in-ji'-tis) . Inflamma-
tion of the dura mater.

perimeter (per-im'-et-er) [peri-; p.krpov, a measure].

1. Circumference or border. 2. An instrument for
measuring the extent of the field of vision. It
consists ordinarily of a flat, narrow, metal plate bent
in a semicircle, graduated in degrees, and fixed to
an upright at its center by a pivot, on which it is
movable. Variously colored discs are moved along
the metal plate, and the point noted at which the
person, looking directly in front of him, distinguishes
the color.

perimetric (per-im-et'-rik) [peri-; p-yrpa, uterus;
ukrpov, measure]. 1. Situated around the uterus.

2. Pertaining to perimetry.

perimetritic (per-im-et-rit'-ik). Pertaining to
perimetritis.

perimetritis (per-e-met-ri'-tis) [perimetrium; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the peritoneal
covering of the uterus.

perimetrium (per-e-me'-tre-um) [peri-; fi-hrpa, the
womb]. The serous covering of the uterus.

perimetrosalpingitis (per-e-met-ro-sal-pin-ji'-tis) . A
collective name for periuterine inflammations.

perimetry (per-im'-et-re) [perimeter]. The measur-
ing of the field of vision.

perimyelis {per-im-i' -el-is) [peri-; p.ve\6s, marrow].
The medullary membrane or endosteum;. the areolar
envelope of the bone-marrow; the pia mater of the
spinal cord.

perimyelitis (per-e-mi-el-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the pia mater of the spinal cord.

perimyoendocarditis (per-e-mi-o-en-do-kar-di'-tis) .
Combined pericarditis, myocarditis, and endo-
carditis.

perimysial (per-e-mis'-e-al) [peri-; juOj, muscle].
Of the nature of, or pertaining to, perimysium;
enveloping a muscle.

perimysiitis (per-im-is-e-i'-tis) [peri-; fivs, muscle;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the peri-
mysium.

perimysium {per-e-mis'-e-um) [peri-; p.vs, muscle].
The connective tissue enveloping the primary
bundles of muscle-fibers, p. externum, the epi^
mysium. p. internum, the endomysium.

perinseum (per-in-e'-um). See perineum.

perineal (per-in-e'-al) [perineum]. Pertaining to
the perineum, p. body, the mass of tissue com-
posed of skin, muscle, and fascia, occupying the
interval between the vagina and the rectum of the
woman, p. cystotomy, cystotomy performed through
a perineal incision, p. fossa, the ischiorectal fossa.
p. hernia, a hernia perforating the perineum by the
side of the rectum or between the rectum and the
bladder or the vagina, p. section, incision through
the perineum for the relief of urethral stricture, the
removal of calculi from the bladder, or the relief of
other morbid conditions.

perineauxesis (per-in-e-awks-e'-sis) [perineum;
au^o-is, growth]. Any operation for the repair of a
lacerated perineum.

perineo- (per-in-e-o-) [perineum]. A prefix mean-
ing relating to the perineum.

perineocele (per-in-e'-o-sel) [perineo-; Kr)\rj, hernia].
Perineal hernia.

perineocolporectomyomectomy (per-in-e-o-kol-po-
rek-to-mi-o-mek'-to-me). Excision of a myoma by
incision of the perineum, vagina, and rectum.

PERINEOPLASTY

669

PERIOSTITIS

perineoplasty (per-in-e'-o-plas-te) [perineo-; 7rXcur-
ceiv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the perineum.

perineorrhaphy (per-in-e-or'-a-fe) [perineo-; pa.<t>i],
suture]. Suture of the perineum, usually for the
repair of a laceration caused during childbirth.

perineoscrotal (per-in-e-o-skro'-lal). Relating to
the perineum and scrotum.

perineosynthesis {per-in-e-o-sin'-thes-is) [perineum;
avvBkavs, a. placing together]. A plastic operation
upon the perineum in which a graft of vaginal mucosa
is made to cover the wound; a variety of perineor-
rhaphy.

perineotomy (per-in-e-ot'-o-me) [perineo-; to/it],
a cutting]. Incision through the perineum.

perineovaginal (per-in-e-o-vaj'-in-al) . Relating to
the perineum and vagina.

perineovaginorectal (per-in-e-o-vaj-in-o-rek'-tal) .
Relating to the perineum, vagina, and rectum.

perinephral (per-in-ef'-ral). Same as perinephric.

perinephrial {per-in-ef'-re-al). Pertaining to the
perinephrium.

perinephric (per-e-nef'-rik) [peri-; ve<j>pbs, kidney].
Situated or occurring around the kidney, as peri-
nephric abscess.

perinephritic (per-e-nef-rit'-ik) [perinephritis]. I.
Pertaining to perinephritis. 2. Improperly used
instead of perinephric.

perinephritis (per-e-nef-ri'-tis). Inflammation of
the tissues surrounding the kidney.

perinephrium (per-e-nef'-re-um) [peri-; ve<j>pbs, kid-
ney] . The connective and adipose tissue surrounding
the kidney.

perinephros (per-e-nef'-ros). See perinephrium.

perineum, perinaeum (per-in-e'-um) [ireplvaiov,
the perineum]. That portion of the body included
in the outlet of the pelvis, bounded in front by the
pubic arch, behind by the coccyx and great sacro-
sciatic ligaments, and at the side by the tuberosities
of the ischium. It is occupied by the terminations
of the rectum, the urethra, and the root of the penis,
together with their muscles, fascia?, vessels, and
nerves.

perineurial {per-e-nu'-re-al) [peri-; vevpov, nerve].
Relating to the perineurium, p. lymph-channels,
lymph-spaces surrounding the nerve- trunks, as in
the cornea.

perineuritis (per-e-nu-ri'-tis) [perineurium; ins.,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the perineurium.

perineurium (per-e-nu'-re-um) [peri-; vevpov, a
nerve]. The connective-tissue sheath investing a
funiculus or primary bundle of nerve-fibers.

perinuclear (per-e-nu'-kle-ar). Surrounding the
nucleus.

periocular (per-e-ok'-u-lar) [peri-; oculus, eye].
Surrounding the eye. p. space, the space between
the globe of the eye and the orbital walls.

period (pe'-re-od) [peri-; 656s, way]. The space
of time during which anything is in progress or an
event takes place, p. childbearing, the period, from
puberty to the menopause, during which the female
is capable of reproducing offspring, p., dodging,
a colloquial term for the menopause, p., incubation-.
See incubation (2). p., menstrual, p., monthly, the
menses, p., reaction. See reaction-period, p., res-
piratory, the interval between two successive inspira-
tions.

periodic (pe-re-od'-ik). Recurring at more or less
regular intervals.

periodicity (pe-re-od-is'-it-e) [period]. Recurrence
at regular intervals.

periodocasein (pe-re-o-do-ka'-se-in) . A proprietary
compound of iodine and casein, used in myxedema.

periodology (pe-re-od-ol'-o-je) [period; X670S, sci-
ence]. The sum of what is known concerning the
tendency of certain diseases and morbid phenomena
to recur at stated periods.

periodontal (per-e-o-don'-lal) [peri-; bSovs, tooth].
Surrounding a tooth, as the periodontal membrane,
that lining the cement of a tooth.

periodontitis {per-e-o-don-W -tis) [periodontium ;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the perio-
dontal membrane.

periodontium (per-e-o-don'-she-um) [peri-; 65o6s,
tooth]. The membrane surrounding a tooth;
the periodontal membrane.

periodoscope (pe-re-od'-o-skop) [period; aicoweiv,
to inspect]. A calendar in the form of a movable
dial, used in determining the probable date of
confinement.

periods (pe'-re-ods). The menses.

periodynia {per-e-o-din'-e-ah) [peri-; bSvvr), pain].
Severe general pain throughout the body.

perioesophagitis {per-e-e-sof-aj-i'-tis). See Peri-
esophagitis. . .

periomphacous (per-e-om'-fak-us) [peri-; bfj.<pa-
kuStjs, like unripe grapes]. Immature, unripe; ap-
plied to abscesses.

perion (per'-e-on) [peri-; aibv, egg]. The decidua.

perionychia (per-e-o-nik'-e-ah) [peri-; 5w£, nail].
Inflammation around the nails.

perionychium (per-e-on-ik'-e-um) [peri-; ow£, nail].
The border of epiderm at the root of the nail.

perionyxis (per-e-o-niks' -is) . Synonym of peri-
onychia.

peri-oophoritis (per-e-o-of-or-i'-tis) [peri- ; oophoron ;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the perito-
neum and connective tissue covering the ovary.

peri-oophorosalpingitis (per-e-o-of-or-o-sal-pin-ji'-
tis) [peri-; oophoron; salpinx; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the ovary
and oviduct.

periophthalmic (per-e-off-thal'-mik). Around the
eye.

periophthalmitis (per-e-off-thal-mi'-tis) [peri-; 64>6a\-
p.6s, eye; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissues surrounding the eye.

periople (per-e-op'-le) [peri-; birk-h, a hoof]. The
bands of horny matter which run obliquely inward
from the heel of a horse's foot, including the frog
between them. Syn., bar; coronary frog band;
perioplic band.

perioptic (per-e-op'-tik) [peri-; otttlkos, seeing].
1. Surrounding the orbit, or the eye. 2. Of, or
pertaining to, the tissues about the eye.

perioptometry (per-e-op-tom'-et-re) [peri-; 6ttt6s,
visible; nerpov, a measure]. The measurement of
the limits of the visual field.

perioral (per-e-o'-ral) [peri-; os, oris, the mouth].
Surrounding the mouth; circumoral.

periorbita {per-e-or'-bit-ah) [peri-; orbita, orbit].
The periosteum of the eye-socket.

periorbital (per-e-or'-bit-al). 1. Surrounding the
orbit. 2. Pertaining to the periorbita.

periorbititis (per-e-or-bit-i'-tis) [peri-; orbita, orbit;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the periorbita.

periorchitis (per-e-or-ki'-tis). Inflammation of the
tissues surrounding the testicle, p. adhsesiva, a
form in which adhesions are formed between the two
layers of the tunica vaginalis, p. prolifera, peri-
orchitis associated with proliferation of the connec-
tive-tissue elements of the tunica albuginea.

periost (per'-e-ost). Same as periosteum.

periosteal (per-e-os'-te-al) [periosteum]. Pertaining
to the periosteum.

periosteitis (per-e-os-te-i'-tis). See periostitis.

periosteoma (per-e-os-te-o'-mah) [peri- ; bo-reov, bone ;
5p.a, tumor]. An osteoma developed from the peri-
osteum.

periosteomedullitis, periostomedullitis. See peri-
osteo-osteomyelitis.

periosteo-osteomyelitis (per-e-ost-e-o-os-te-o-mi-el-
i'-tis) [periosteum; osteomyelitis]. Inflammation of
the periosteum and medulla of a bone.

periosteophyma (per-e-os-te-o-fi'-mah) [peri-; bareov,
bone; <j>vp,a, growth]. Swelling of the periosteum;
also, a periosteophyte.

periosteophyte (per-e-os'-te-o-fit) [peri-; barkov,
bone; <j>vtov, growth]. A morbid osseous formation
upon or proceeding from the periosteum.

periosteosis (per-e-os-te-o'-sis). 1. Synonym of
periostosis. 2. See periosteoma. 3. The formation
of a tumor of the periosteum.

periosteosteitis, periostitis (per-e-ost-e-os-te-i'-tis,
per-e-ost-i'-tis). Simultaneous periostitis and osteitis;

periosteotome (per-e-os'-te-o-tom) [periosteum; tout),
a cutting]. An instrument for incising the periosteum
and scraping it from the bone.

periosteotomy (per-e-os-te-ot'-o-me) [see periosteo-
tome]. The operation of incising the periosteum.

periosteous (per-e-os'-te-us). Same as periosteal.

periosteum (per-e-os'-te-um) [peri~; bareov, bone].
A fibrous membrane investing the surfaces of bones,
except at the points of tendinous and ligamentous
attachment and on the articular surfaces, where
cartilage is substituted.

periostitic (per-e-os-tit'-ik) [peri-; barkov, bone;
ins, inflammation]. Pertaining to, resembling, or
affected with, periostitis.

periostitis (per-e-os-ti'-tis) [periosteum; iris, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the periosteum. It

PERIOSTOMA

670

PERISTAPHYLITIS

may be acute or chronic, the latter being the more
frequent form. Acute periostitis is either traumatic
or the result of infection; the chronic is due to
traumatism, syphilis, tuberculosis, or actinomycosis.
In the acute there are swelling and diffuse suppura-
tion, with fever and other constitutional symptoms;
in the chronic, pain, which is usually worse at night,
swelling, and tenderness, p. albuminosa, a mild
form of inflammation characterized by the forma-
tion of a clear, ropy, albuminous liquid resembling
synovia. It is most common in the young, and is
unaccompanied by fever, p., dental, inflammation
of the investing membrane of the roots of the teeth.
p., diffuse, a serious inflammation usually involving
the periosteum of long bones, p., hemorrhagic,
that accompanied by bleeding between the peri-
osteum and the bone.

periostoma (per-e-os-to'-mah) [peri-; barkov, bone;
5fia, tumor]. Any morbid osseous growth occurring
on or surrounding a bone.

periostosis (per-e-os-to'-sis) [peri-; barkov, bone].
An osseous formation on the exterior of a bone.

periostotomy (per-e-os-tot'-o-me). Synonym of
periosteotomy.

periotic (per-e-o'-tik) [peri-; ovs, ear], i. Situated
about the ear. 2. Of or pertaining to the parts
immediately about the internal ear. 3. The petrous
and mastoid parts of the temporal bone.

periovaritis (per-e-o-var-i'-tis). See perioophoritis.

periovular (per-e-o'-vii-lar) [peri-; ovum, egg].
Surrounding the ovum.

peripachymeningitis (per-e-pak-e-men-in-ji'-tis)

[peri-; pachymeningitis]. Inflammation of the
connective tissue between the dura mater and the
bone.

peripancreatitis (per-e-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). Inflam-
mation of the tissues about the pancreas.

peripapillary (per-ip-ap'-il-a-re) [peri-; papilla, a
papilla]. Occurring or situated around the circum-
ference of a papilla, and especially of the optic disc.

peripatetic (per-ip-at-et'-ik) [peri-; irareiv, to walk].
Walking about, as in "walking typhoid."

peripenial (per-ip-e'-ne-al) [peri-; penis]. Sur-
rounding the penis.

periphacitis (per-if-a-si'-tis). Inflammation of the
periphacus.

periphacus (per-if-a'-kus) [peri-; <paic6s, crystalline
lens]. The capsule surrounding the crystalline lens.

peripharyngeal (per-if-ar-in'-je-al) [peri-; <j>apvy£,
the throat]. Surrounding the pharynx.

peripherad (per-if-er-ad) [periphery; ad, toward].
Toward the periphery.

peripheral, peripheric (per-if-er-al, per-if-er'-ik)
[periphery]. Pertaining to or placed near the
periphery.

peripheraphose (per-if'-er-a-foz). See under phose.

peripheric {per-if-er'-ik). Synonym of peripheral.

peripherocentral (per-if-er-o-sen'-tral). Relating
to the center and periphery.

peripherophose (per-if'-er-o-foz). See under phose.

periphery (per-if'-er-e) [peri-; <pkpeiv, to carry].
Circumference; the external surface.

periphlebitic (per-if-leb-it'-ik). Pertaining to,
affected with, or of the nature of, periphlebitis.

periphlebitis (per-if-leb-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the tissues about a vein.

periplasm {per' -ip-lazm) [peri-; ir\a<rp.a, anything
formed]. A delicate hyaline layer around animal
cells.

periplast (per'-ip-last) [peri-; irXaao-etv, to mold,
form]. 1. The periblast or matrix of a part or
organ. 2. The intercellular substance, or stroma.
3. The attraction-sphere, p., daughter, the centro-
some.

periplastic (per-ip-las'-tik). 1. Of or pertaining
to or resembling the matrix or periplast of a part or
organ. 2. The cell-substance about the nucleus or
endoplast; perinuclear protoplasm.

peripleuritis (per-e-ploo-ri'-tis). Inflammation of
the tissues surrounding the pleura.

Periploca (per-ip'-lo-kah) [peri-; irXkneiv, to twine].
A genus of plants of the order Asclepiadece. P.
grceca is a European species naturalized in western
New York. The leaves are used as an emollient;
the milky juice has been used to poison animals;
the bark contains a glucoside, periplocin.

periplocin (per-ip'-lo-sin), C3oH4sOi2. A crystalline
glucoside from the bark of Periploca grceca. It is a
powerful cardiac poison used subcutaneously in
heart disease. Maximum daily dose & gr. (0.00 1 Gm.) .

peripneumonia (per-e-nii-mo'-ne-ah). 1. Pneu-
monia. 2. Pleuropneumonia, p. notha, the false
pneumonia of the older writers; congestion of the
lungs.

peripolar (per-e-po'-lar) [peri-; pole]. Surrounding
a pole or the poles.

periportal (per-e-por'-tal) [peri-; porta, door].
Surrounding the portal vein. p. carcinoma, a pri-
mary carcinoma developing around the portal vein,,
beginning at its entrance into the liver, thence,,
extending along the portal vessels to the remote
branches.

periproctal, periproctic (per-ip-rok'-tal, per-ip-rok'-
tik) [peri-; irpawcTos, anus]. Surrounding the anus,
or rectum.

periproctitis (per-e-prok-ti'-tis). Inflammation of
the areolar tissue about the rectum or anus.

periprostatic (per-ip-ros-tat'-ik) [peri-; prostate].
Situated or occurring around the prostate.

periprostatitis (per-ip-ros-tat-i'-tis) [peri-; prostate r
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues-
situated around the prostate.

peripyemia (per-ip-i-e'-me-ah) [peri-; pyemia].
Suppuration about an organ or tissue.

peripylephlebitis (per-ip-i-le-fieb-i'-tis) [peri-; 11-11X77,.
gate, porta; phlebitis]. Inflammation of the tissues-
surrounding the portal vein, or of its ectal coat.

perirectal (per-e-rek'-tal) [peri-; rectum]. About
the rectum. »

perirectitis (per-e-rek-ti'-tis). See periproctitis.

perirenal (per-e-re'-nal) [peri-; ren, kidney].
Around the kidney.

perirhinal (per-ir-i'-nal) [peri-; pis, nose]. Situ-
ated about the nose or nasal fossa?.

perisalpingitis (per-e-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Inflammation
of the peritoneal covering of the Fallopian tube.

perisalpingo-ovaritis (per-e-sal-pin-go-o-va-ri'-tis) ..
See perioophorosalpingitis.

perisalpinx (per-is-al'-pingks) [peri-; vaKin^,.
tube]. The peritoneum covering the upper border
of the Fallopian tube.

periscelis (per-is'-kel-is) [peri-; axeXos, leg]. Her-
pes occurring around the leg where the garter binds it.

periscleritis {per-e-skle-ri'-tis). See episcleritis.

periscopic (per-e-skop'-ik) [peri-; o-ko-kHv, to see].
Designed for looking around, as a periscopic lens..
See lens, periscopic.

perisigmoiditis (per-is-ig-moi-di'-tis) [peri-; sig-
moid; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissues, especially the peritoneum, covering the
sigmoid flexure of the colon.

perisinal, perisinous, perisinuous {per-e-si'-nal^
-nus, -sin'-u-us). Surrounding a sinus.

perisinuitis, perisinusitis (per-e-si-nu-i'-tis, -si'-tis)^
Inflammation of the tissue about a sinus, especially-
a cerebral sinus.

perispermatitis (per-is-per-mat-i'-tis). Inflamma-
tion around the spermatic cord, with an effusion of
fluid ; a funicular hydrocele.

perisplenic (per-is-plen'-ik) [peri-; spleen]. Situ-
ated or occurring near the spleen.

perisplenitis (per-e-splen-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the peritoneal coat of the spleen.

perispondylitis (per-e-spon-dil-i'-tis) . Inflamma-
tion of the tissues around a vertebra, p., Gibney's,.
a painful condition of the muscles of the spine.

perissad (per'-is-ad) [irepi<ra6s, odd]. 1. Having
an uneven quantivalence, as nitrogen, the quanti-
valence of which is three or five. 2. An element
having such a quantivalence.

peristalsis (per-e-stal'-sis) [peri-; (rr&X<m, con-
striction]. A peculiar wave-like movement seen in*
tubes provided with longitudinal and transverse
muscular fibers. It consists in a narrowing and short-
ening of a portion of the tube, which then relaxes,,
while a lower portion becomes shortened and nar-
rowed. By means of this movement the contents
of this tube are forced toward the opening, p.,.
reversed, peristaltic movement opposite to the
normal direction.

peristaltic (per-e-stal'-tik) [peristalsis]. Pertaining
to or resembling peristalsis, p. unrest, a common
symptom of neurasthenia, consisting in increased
peristaltic movements of the stomach coming on
shortly after eating, with borborygmus and gurgling.

peristaltin (per-e-staV -tin) . A glucoside, readily
soluble in water, derived from Rhamnus purshiana.

peristaphyline (per-e-staf'-il-in) [peri-; o-ra<f>vK-n,.
uvula]. Situated near the uvula.

peristaphylitis (per-e-staf-il-i'-tis) [peri-; aTa<j>v\ri,.

PERISTERNA

671

PERMANENT

uvula; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissues surrounding the uvula.

peristema (per-e-ster'-nah) [Peri-; sternum]. A
name for the lateral portions of the chest.

peristole (per-is'-to-le). Peristalsis.

peristoma (per-is-to'-mah). See peristome.

peristomal (per-is-to'-mal) [peri-; orbtia, mouth].
Surrounding the mouth.

peristome (per'-is-tom) [peri-; o-rojua, the mouth].
In biology: (a) the parietal region surrounding the
mouth, as the oral disc of a polyp; (b) the fringe of
hair-like appendages about the orifice of a moss
capsule.

peristroma (per-e-stro'-mah) [peri-; <rrp«/ia, cover-
ing]. The internal layer of a tube-like covering.
The villous coat of the intestine.

perisynovial (per-is-i-no'-ve-al) [peri-; synovial].
Situated or occurring around a synovial membrane.

perisystole (per-e-sis'-to-le). The slight interval
between the diastole and systole.

peritendineum (per-e-ten-din'-e-um) [peri-; tendo,
tendon]. The tissue surrounding the tendons like a
sheath.

perithelial (per-e-the'-le-al). Relating to the
perithelium.

perithelioma (per-e-the-le-o'-mah). A tumor origi-
nating in the perithelium of a vessel.

perithelium (per-e-tke'-le-um) [peri-; BrfK-rj, nipple].
The layer of cells surrounding the capillaries and
smaller vessels.

perithoracic (per-e-tho-ras'-ik) [peri-; thorax].
Situated or occurring around the thorax.

perithyroiditis (per-e-thi-roid-i'-tis) [peri-; thyroid;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of
the thyroid gland.

peritome (per-it'-om-e) [peri-; rofxri, a cutting].
Circumcision.

peritomy (per-it'-om-e) [see peritome]. i. The
removal of a strip of conjunctival and subconjunctival
tissue from about the cornea for the relief of pannus.
2. Circumcision.

peritonaeum (per-it-on-e'-um). See peritoneum.

peritoneal (per-it-on-e'-al) [peritoneum]. Pertaining
to the peritoneum.

peritonealgia (per-it-on-e-al'-je-ah) [peritoneum ;
&\yos, pain]. Neuralgia of the peritoneum.

peritoneopexy (per-it-on-e-o-peks'-e) [peritoneum ;
irrjlts, a fixing in]. Fixation of the uterus by the
vaginal route in the treatment of retroflexions of
this organ.

peritoneorrhexis (per-it-on-e-or-eks'-is) [peritoneum ;
pvfc, rupture]. Rupture of the peritoneum.

peritoneotomy (per-it-on-e-ot'-o-me) [peritoneum ;
TOfirj, a cutting]. Incision into the peritoneum.

peritoneum (per-it-on-e'-um) [peri-; Tdvtiv, to
stretch]. The serous membrane lining the interior
of the abdominal cavity and surrounding the con-
tained viscera.

peritonism (per'-it-on-izm). i. A false peritonitis
soon yielding to treatment. 2. A complex of serious
phenomena complicating peritonitis or diseases of
those parts covered by peritoneum.

peritonitic (per-it-on-it'-ik) [peritoneum; ins, in-
flammation]. Pertaining to or affected with peri-
tonitis.

peritonitis (per-it-on-i'-tis) [peritoneum; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the peritoneum.
It may be acute or chronic. Acute peritonitis may
be due to exposure to cold and wet (idiopathic peri-
tonitis), traumatism, perforation of an abdominal
viscus, extension from neighboring parts, rheumatism,
or Bright's disease. The symptoms are moderate
fever, a wiry pulse, abdominal pain, tenderness, and
distention; the patient lies on his back with the
thighs flexed; there are vomiting and constipation.
Chronic peritonitis is due to tuberculosis, syphilis,
carcinoma, nephritis, or it may be the sequel of an
acute attack, p., adhesive, peritonitis with adhesion
between the parietal and visceral layers, p., diffuse,
that affecting the entire peritoneum, p., parietal,
inflammation of the serous lining of the peritoneal
cavity, p., permeation, that produced by the
penetration of the healthy intestinal wall by bacteria.
p., puerperal, that following labor, and usually due
to septic infection, p., septic, peritonitis due to the
microorganisms of suppuration. p., serous, p.
serosa, that accompanied by liquid exudation, p.,
tuberculous, that due to the deposit of miliary
tubercles upon the peritoneum.

peritonsillar (per-e-ton' -sil-ar) [peri-; tonsil]. About
the tonsil.

peritonsillitis (per-e-ton-sil-i'-tis) [peri-; tonsilla,
tonsil; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
tissues surrounding the tonsil.

peritracheal (per-it-ra'-ke-al) [peri-; trachea]. Sur-
rounding the trachea.

peritracheitis (per-it-ra-ke-i'-tis) [peri-; trachea;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the connective
tissue about the trachea.

Peritricha (per-W -rik-ah) [peri-; 6pU-, hair]. A
group of bacteria having flagella projecting from the
sides as well as the poles.

peritrichous (per-it'-rik-us) [peri-; 0pi£, a hair].
Having a band of cilia or flagella around the body.

peritrochanteric (per-e-tro-kan-ter'-ik). Situated
about a trochanter.

perityphlitic (per-e-tif-lit'-ik) [peri-; tv<p\6s, cecum;
ins, inflammation]. Of the nature of or affected with
perityphilitis.

perityphlitis (per-e-tif-li'-tis). Inflammation of the
peritoneum surrounding the cecum and appendix.

periumbilical (per-e-um-bil'-ik-al). Surrounding
the umbilicus.

periungual (per-e-ung'-wal) [peri-; unguis, a nail].
Around the nail.

periureteric (per-e-u-re-ter'-ik) [peri-; ureter].
Surrounding one or both ureters.

periureteritis (per-e-u-re-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation
of the tissues around a ureter.

periurethral (per-e-u-re'-thral). Surrounding the
urethra.

periurethritis (per-e-u-re-thri'-tis) [peri-; urethra;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the connective
tissue about the urethra.

periuterine (per-e-u' -ter-in) [peri-; uterus]. About
the uterus.

perivaginal (per-e-vaj'-in-al) . Around or about the
vagina.

perivaginitis (per-e-vaj-in-i'-tis). Synonym of
paracolpitis.

perivascular (per-e-vas'-ku-lar). About a vessel.

perivasculitis (per-iv-as-ku-li'-tis) [peri-; vasculum,
vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
vessel-walls, or of the perivascular sheaths.

perivenous (per-iv-e'-nus) [peri-; vena, vein]. In-
vesting or surrounding a vein; occurring around a
vein.

perivertebral (per-e-ver'-te-bral). Surrounding a
vertebra.

perivesical (per-iv-es'-ik-al) [peri-; vesica, bladder].
Situated about or surrounding the bladder.

perivisceral (per-iv-is'-er-al) [peri-; viscus, viscus].
Surrounding a viscus or viscera; occurring about a
viscus.

perivitelline (per-iv-it'-el-in) [peri-; vitellus, yolk].
Surrounding the vitellus or yolk. p. space, the
space between the zona pellucida and the vitellus.

perixenitis (per-e-zen-i'-tis) [peru; £kvos, a stranger;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation around a foreign
body embedded in the tissues.

perizoma (per-iz-o'-mah) [peri-; fw/*a, girdle], i.
A girdle, q.v.; also, a truss. 2. Herpes zoster.

Perkinism (per' -kin-ism). A method of empirical
treatment devised by Elisha Perkins, an American
physician [1740-1810]. It consisted in drawing
over the affected part the extremities of two rods
(metallic tractors) of different metals. Syn., trac-
toration.

perle (perl) [Ft. and Ger., "a pearl"; pi., perles].
A capsule for administration of medicine. See pearl.
p.s, Laennec's. See under Laennec.

perleche (la) (lah pehr-lash) [Fr.]. A peculiar
contagious disease of the mouth occurring in children.
It consists in a thickening and desquamation of the
epithelium at the angles of the mouth, with occa-
sionally the formation of small fissures, giving rise to
a smarting sensation in the lips. The disease is prob-
ably microbic in origin.

Perles' anemia-bodies (perlz) [Max Perles, Ger-
man pathologist, 1843-1881]. Small club-shaped,
actively motile bodies, 3~4m in length, found by
Perles in the blood in some cases of pernicious anemia.

Perlia's nucleus (per'-le-ah) [Richard Perlia, Ger-
man ophthalmologist]. See Spitzka's nucleus.

perlsucht (pairl'-zoocht). A form of tuberculosis
of the pleura or peritoneum seen in cattle.

permanent (per' -man-ent) [per, through; manere, to
remain]. Lasting; fixed; enduring, p. teeth, the
teeth of the second dentition.

PERMANGANATE

672

PERU, BALSAM OF

permanganate (per-man'-gan-at). A salt of per-
manganic acid. See manganese.

permanganic acid {per-man-gan'-ik), HMn04. A
monobasic acid known chiefly in its salts.

permeable (per' -me-a-bl) [per, through; meare, to
pass]. Capable of affording passage, p. stricture, a
stricture that permits the passage of an instrument.

permeation (per-me-a' -shun) [permeate, to pass
through). The extension of cytomata by continuous
growth along natural channels.

permixion (per-mik'-shuri) [permiscere, to mingle].
A perfect chemical mixture.

pernambuco wood. The wood of Ccesalpinia
echinata. It is used as an astringent and roborant,
and contains brasilin, a coloring-matter.

pernicious (per-nish'-us) [perniciosus, destructive].
Highly destructive; of intense severity; deadly;
fatal, p. anemia, a disease of the blood character-
ized by a great diminution in the number of red cor-
puscles, and a relatively smaller diminution of the
hemoglobin, by the presence in the blood of poikil-
ocytes, macrocytes, microcytes, and nucleated red
corpuscles. The disease most common in middle
life is usually fatal, although recoveries are reported
in several instances, p. malaria. See under malar-
ial fever, p. vomiting, persistent, uncontrollable
vomiting occurring in pregnancy.

pernio (per'-ne-o) [L.]. Synonym of chilblain.

pernoctation (per-nok-ta'-shun) [pernoctatio, wake-
fulness]. Wakefulness; insomnia.

pero (pe'-ro) [pero, boot]. The soft ectal layer of
the olfactory bulb whence the olfactory nerves arise.

perobrachius (pe-ro-bra'-ke-us) [irrjpbs, maimed;
Ppaxiw, arm]. A developmental defect in which
the forearms and hands are malformed or wanting.

perocephalus (pe-ro-sef -al-us) [irrjpbs, maimed;
Ke<pa\-f], head]. A monster with an abnormality of
the conformation of the head.

perochirus, perocheirus (pe-ro-ki'-rus) [ir-qpos,
maimed; x«P> hand]. A defect in the development
consisting in absence or stunted growth of the hand.

perocormus {pe-ro-kor'-mus) [irt)pbs, maimed; kophos,
trunk]. A monster characterized by defective de-
velopment of the trunk.

perodactylia (pe-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [irrjpbs, maimed;
8oktv\os, finger]. Defective development of the fin-
gers or toes.

perodynia (pe-ro-din' '-e-ah) [irvpa, pouch; bbvvt),
pain]. Cardialgia.

peromelia (pe-ro-me'-le-ah) [wripbs, maimed; fie\os,
limb]. Teratic malformation of the limbs.

peromelus (pe-rom'-el-us) [irrjpbs, maimed; fiehos,
limb]. A monster with deficient, stunted, or mis-
shapen limbs.

peromoplasty (pe-rom' -o-plas-te) [irrjpwua, a rtiaim-
ing; ir\a<r<reiv, to form]. The formation of a new
stump after an amputation when the end of a bone
projects.

peronseus (per-o-ne'-us) . Same as peroneus.

peronarthrosis (per-on-ar-thro'-sis) [irepovq, pin;
apdpov, joint]. A saddle-joint; a joint in which the
articular surfaces are both concave and convex, as
in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

perone (per'-o-ne) [irtpovyj, pin]. The fibula.

peroneal (per-o-ne'-al) [perone]. Pertaining to the
fibula.

peroneo- (per-o-ne'-o-) [perone], A prefix denoting
connection with or relation to the fibula.

peroneum (per-o-ne'-um). Synonym of perone.

peroneus (per-o-ne'-us) [see perone]. Pertaining to
the fibula, p. muscles. See under muscle.

peronia (pe-ro'-ne-ah) [wripow, to maim]. Muti-
lation; malformation.

peronin (per-o'-nin), C24H25NO3 . HC1. Benzyl-
morphine hydrochloride; a substitution-product of
morphine possessing feeble narcotic properties, but
useful as a somnifacient and in allaying cough. Dose
§-i£ gr. (0.04-0.1 Gm.); maximum daily dose 6 gr.
(0.3 Gm.).

Peronospora (per-o-nos'-po-rah) [Trepbvri, a pin;
airbpos, spore]. A genus of fungi producing mildew.
P. ferrani is a species that was supposed to cause
cholera; P. lutea, one that was once held to be the
cause of yellow fever.

peroplasia (pe-ro-pla'-ze-ah) [irrjpbs, maimed;
Tr\a<T<Teu>, to mold]. A malformation due to an error
of development.

peropus (pe'-ro-pus) [wnpfc, maimed; irovs, foot].
A developmental defect in which the feet are mal-
formed.

per os [L.]. By way of, or through the mouth.

perosis (pe-ro'-sis) [irnpbs, maimed]. The condi-
tion of abnormal or defective formation.

perosomus (pe-ro-so'-mus) [iri)pbs, maimed; au>/xa,
body]. A monster presenting malformation of the
entire body.

perosplanchnica (pe-ro-splank'-nik-ah) Wvpos,
maimed; 0-7r\d7xiw, viscus]. Malformation of the
viscera.

perosseous (per-os'-e-us) [per, through; os, bone].
Through bone.

peroxidate, peroxidize (per-oks'-id-at, per-oks'-id-
Iz) [peroxide]. To oxidize completely.

peroxide, peroxid (per-oks'-id) [per, through;
oxide]. That oxide of any base which contains the
most oxygen.

peroxoi (pur-oks'-ol). A combination of 3% so-
lution of hydrogen peroxide with camphor (cam-
phoroxol), menthol (menthoxol) or naphthol (naph-
thoxol).

peroxydase (pur-oks'-e-das). An enzyme found in
tobacco; it is capable of producing all the phenomena
of fermentation. Cf . oxydases.

perpendicular (per-pen-dik'-u-lar) [perpendicular-
is, vertical]. A term applied to a line of plane, form-
ing a right angle with another line or plane, p. plate,
the mesal vertical plate of the ethmoid bone.

perplication (per-plik-a'-shun) [per, through; pli-
care, to fold]. The operation of turning an incised
vessel upon itself by drawing its end through an
incision in its own wall.

perpoena (per-pe'-nah). A proprietary analgesic
said to be a coal-tar derivative. Dose 5-8 gr.
(0.3-0.5 Gm.).

per rectum (per rek'-tum) [L.]. By or through the
rectum.

perseveration (per-sev-er-a'-shun) [perseverare, to
persist]. A senseless repetition of plainly spoken
words or of imperfect speech.

persimmon (per-sim'-on) [Amer. Ind.]. The tree
Diospyros virginiana, also its fruit, edible when fully
ripe, but otherwise highly astringent; it is useful in
diarrheas. From the fruit a beer is made, and whis-
key is distilled.

persistence-time. The period succeeding the con-
traction of the ventricle of the heart, but prior to the
occurrence of relaxation.

persodine (per'-so-den). The proprietary name for
a solution of 2 parts of sodium persulphate in 300
parts of water.

personal (per'-son-al) [persona, a person]. Per-
taining to a person, p. equation, the peculiar dif-
ference of individuals in their reaction to various
orders of stimuli.

perspiration (per-spir-a' -shun) [perspire]. I. The
secretion of sweat. 2. The sweat, p., insensible,
that which takes place constantly, the fluid being
evaporated as fast as excreted, p., sensible, that
accumulating in visible drops or beads; the sweat.

perspire (per-spir') [perspirare, to breathe every-
where]. To sweat.

perstriction (per-strik'-shun) [per, through; string-
ere, to bind]. The arrest of hemorrhage by ligating
the bleeding vessel.

persulphate (per-sul'-fat). The sulphate which
contains a greater proportion of the sulphuric acid
radical than the other sulphates of the same radical.

persulphide (per-sul'-fid). The compound of sul-
phur with an element or radical which contains more
sulphur than the other compounds of sulphur with
the same element or radical.

Pertik's diverticulum (per'-tik) [Otto Pertik,
Hungarian pathologist, 1852- .]. A diverticulum
of the nasopharyngeal space which may occur close
to Rosenmueller's fossa and show itself as an enlarge-
ment of the latter.

per tubam (per tic' -bam) [L.]. Through a tube.

perturbation (per-ter-ba' -shun) [perturbare, to dis-
turb]. Restlessness or disquietude. The employ-
ment of means that arrest or modify the development
of a morbid state.

pertussal (per-tus'-al) [per, intensive; tussis, a
cough]. Pertaining to or of the nature of whooping-
cough.

pertussin (per-tus'-in). A proprietary remedy for
whooping-cough said to consist of the fluidextract of
thyme mixed with syrup to procure an infusion in
the strength of 1 : 7.

pertussis (per-tus'-is). See -whooping-cough.

Peru, balsam of. See balsam.

PERUCOGNAC

673

PETROSAPOL

perucognac (pe-roo-kon'-yak). A preparation em-
ployed in tuberculosis said to consist of the active
principle of balsam of Peru, 25 gr.; cinnamic acid,
10%, in a liter of cognac.

peruol (pe'-roo-ol). A mixture of peruscabin and
castor-oil. It is used in scabies.

peruscabin (pe-roo-ska'-bin). Synthetic benzoic-
acid benzylester. It is used in scabies.

Peruvian (pe-roo'-ve-an) [Peru]. Pertaining to Peru.
P. bark. See cinchona. P. wart. See verruga per-
uana.

peruvin (pe-roo'-vin) [Peru]. The name given to
the cinnamic alcohol derived from balsam of Peru.

perversion (per-ver'-shun) [per, through; verier e, to
turn]. The state of being turned away from the
normal course, as in the modifications of function in
disease, p., sexual, abnormality of the sexual in-
stinct; desire for unnatural methods of sexual grati-
fication.

pervert {per' -vert) [per, through; vertere, to turn].
One who has turned from the right way. p., sexual,
a person whose sexual instincts are perverted.

pervigilium (per-vij-il'-e-um) [per, through; vigilium,
a watch]. Insomnia; wakefulness.

pervious (per'-ve-us) [per, through; via, way].
Open; permeable.

pes (pez) [L.]. A foot or foot-like structure, p.
accessorius, the eminentia collateralis, a smooth
white eminence in the brain, situated at the junction
of the posterior and descending cornua of the lateral
ventricle, p. anserinus, goose's foot; the radiate
branching of the facial nerve after its exit at the side
of the face. p. calcaneovalgus, talipes calcaneoval-
gus. p. calcaneus, talipes, p. cavus, p. excavatus,
talipes cavus. p. equinus, talipes equinus. pes
gigas, macropodia. p. hippocampi, the lower portion
of the hippocampus major, p. olfactorius, the inner
root of the olfactory lobe. p. varus, talipes varus.

pessary (pes'-ar-e) [ireaaos, an oval-shaped stone].
1. An instrument placed in the vagina to hold the
uterus in position. 2. A vaginal suppository.

pessima {pes' -im-ah) [L.]. A skin-affection char-
acterized by pustular lesions, hard and yellowish and
surrounded by areola? of inflammation, appearing
over the whole surface of the body.

pessulum, pessum (pes'-u-lum, pes' -sum) . A pessary.

pest [pestis, a pest]. A plague; pestilence, p.-
house, a hospital for persons sick with pestilential

pestiferous (pes-tif'-er-us) [pestis, pest; ferre, to
bear]. Causing pestilence.

pestilence (pes' -til-ens) [pest]. Any deadly epi-
demic disease, especially the plague.

pestilential (pes-til-en'-shal) [pestilence]. Having
the nature of or producing a pestilence.

pestis (pes'-tis) [L.]. A plague, p. americana,
yellow fever, p. bubonica, p. inguinaria, p. orieri-
talis, the plague, p. minor, an oriental disease resem-
bling the plague but not necessarily fatal. It is be-
lieved to have been a mild or modified form of bubonic
plague, p. variolosa. Synonym of variola.

pestle (pes' -I) [pistillum, a pounder]. The instru-
ment with which substances are rubbed in a mortar.

petalobacteria (pet-al-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [irkra\ov, leaf;
bacterium]. Bacteria in the zooglea stage.

petanelle (pet'-an-el). A patented preparation of
fibrous peat used as an absorbent.

petechia (pet-e'-ke-ah) [It., peteche, a flea-bite: pi.,
petechia]. A small spot beneath the epidermis, due
to an effusion of blood.

petechial (pet-e'-ke-al) [petechia]. Characterized
by or of the nature of petechia?, p. fever. (1) typhus
fever, (2) cerebrospinal meningitis.

Peter's law. Atheromatous changes in blood-ves-
sels are most likely to occur where there are angles
and projections.

petiolus (pet-i'-o-lus) [petiolus, a stem or stalk of
fruit; pi., petioli]. 1. In biology, a stem, stalk, or pet-
iole; as the petiolus of the epiglottis. 2. The man-
ubrium of the malleus, p. glandulae pinealis. See
peduncle of the pineal gland.

Petit's canal (pte) [1. Francois Pourfour du Petit,
French anatomist and surgeon, 1664-1741; 2. Jean
Louis Petit, French surgeon, 1674-1750]. [1]. A
space, intersected by numerous fine interlacing fibers,
existing between the anterior and posterior laminae of
the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens. It
extends from the periphery of the lens nearly to the
apices of the ciliary processes, and transmits the se-
cretion from the posterior chamber. P.'s hernia [2],
23

lumbar hernia. P.'s ligament [2], the concave fold
formed back of the vagina by the union of Douglas'
ligaments. P.'s sinus. [1]. See Valsalva's sinus.
P.'s triangle, [2], the trigonum lumbale. The space
bounded in front by the posterior border of the exter-
nal oblique, behind by the anterior border of the lat-
issimus dorsi, its base being formed by the iliac crest.
Lumbar hernia usually occurs in this triangle.

petit mal (pet-e mahl) [Fr., "little illness"]. A
slight epileptic seizure characterized by a momentary,
scarcely recognizable loss of consciousness, often
with an upward staring of the eyes and fibrillary
movements of the facial muscles.

Petri's capsules, P.'s dishes, P.'s saucers (pa'-tre)
[Julius Petri, German bacteriologist, 1852- ].
Shallow, cylindrical, covered glass vessels for bacterial
culture, in which the colonies may be counted with-
out removing the cover. P.'s test forjproteins, a faint
yellow coloration is produced by treating a protein or
peptone solution with a solution of diazobenzolsul-
phonic acid ; but if the solution is rendered alkaline
by the addition of caustic alkali, the color changes to
orange or brown according to concentration, and a
red froth is formed on shaking.

petrifaction (pet-re-fak'-shun) [irerpa, a stone ; facer e,
to make]. Conversion into stone, as petrifaction of
the fetus, the formation of a lithopedion.

petrissage (pa-tre-sahzj') [Fr., kneading]. The
kneading movement in massage.

petrobasilar (pet-ro-baz'-il-ar) [petrosa-; basilar].
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and the basilar portion of the occipital bone.

petroccipital (pet-rok-sip'-it-al) . Synonym of pet-
ro-occipital.

petrogen (pet' -r 0-3 en). Trade name of a mineral
oil preparation used as a vehicle and solvent for vari-
ous drugs.

petrolate (pet'-ro-lat). Same as petrolatum.

petrolatum (pet-ro-W -turn) [petroleum]. A jelly-
like preparation obtained from the residuum of pe-
troleum, soluble in ether, insoluble in water and alco-
hol, and known commercially as vaseline or cosmoline.
It is used as a basis for ointments and as an emollient.
p. album, white petrolatum, p. liquidum (U. S. P.),
liquid petrolatum, p. molle, soft petrolatum, p.
spissum* hard petrolatum.

petrolene (pet'-ro-len) [irerpa, rock; oleum, oil]. A
liquid hydrocarbon mixture obtained from petroleum.

petroleum (pet-ro'-le-um) [irerpa, rock; oleum, oil].
An oily liquid issuing from the earth in various places,
and consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons with
small amounts of oxidation-products. The hydro-
carbons belong chiefly to the paraffin series, p.
ether, a product of petroleum obtained by fractional
distillation; it has a specific gravity of from 0.665 to
0.67, distilling at from 50° to 60° C; it consists of
pentane and hexane. p.-jelly, petrolatum.

petrolin (pet'-ro-lin) [irerpa, a rock; oleum, oil].
The commercial name for a combination of hydro-
carbons derived from petroleum.

petrolization (pet-rol-i-za' -shun) [petroleum]. The
act or process of treating waters with kerosene for the
extermination of mosquitoes.

petrolize (pet'-rol-iz). See petrolization.

petromastoid (pet-ro-mas'-toid) [petrosa: mastoid].
Pertaining to the petrous and mastoid portions of the
temporal bone. p. canal, a short passage connecting
the mastoid sinuses and the tympanic cavity, p.
foramen, the tympanic orifice of the petromastoid
canal.

petromortis (pet-ro-mor'-tis) [petroleum; mors,
death]. Poisoning by automobile gas.

petro-occipital (pet-ro-ok-sip'-it-al) [petrosa; occiput].
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the temporal bone
and to the occipital bone.

petropharyngeus (pet-ro-far-in'-je-us) [petrosa; phar-
ynx]. A small muscle arising from the lower surface
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and
blending with the constrictors of the pharynx.

petrosa (pet-ro'-sah) [irerpa, rock]. The petrous
portion of the temporal bone.

petrosal (pet-ro'-sal) [petrosa]. 1. Pertaining to
the petrosa, as the petrosal sinus (superior and infer-
ior), petrosal nerves. 2. The petrosa.

petrosalpingostaphylinus (pet-ro-sal-ping-go-staf-il-
i'-nus). Synonym of levator palati. See muscles,
table of.

petrosapol (pet-ro-sa'-pol). A proprietary com-
bination said to consist of soap and certain constitu-
ents of petroleum residue; used in scalp diseases.

PETROSELINUM

674

PHACOMETER

petroselinum (pet-ro-se-li'-num). See parsley.

petrosomastoid (pet-ro-so-mas'-toid). Synonym of
petromastoid.

petrosphenoid (pet-ro-sfe'-noid) [pelrosa; sphenoid].
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the temporal bone
and the sphenoid bone. p. suture, the suture between
the temporal bone and the great wing of the sphenoid
bone.

petrosquamosal, petrosquamous (pet-ro-skwa-mo' -
sal, pet-ro-skrva'-mus) [petrosa; squamosa]. Pertain-
ing to the petrous and squamous portions of the tem-
poral bone. p. fissure, p. suture, the line of juncture
of the squamous and petrous portions of the temporal
bone. p. sinus, a venous passage formed in the dura
mater at the junction of the petrous and squamous
portions of the temporal bone. It opens into the
lateral sinus.

petrostaphylinus (pet-ro-staf-il-i'-nus). Synonym
of levator palati muscle. See muscles, table of.

petrosulfol (pet-ro-sul'-fol). A proprietary product
resembling ichthyol, but with less disagreeable odor;
used as is ichthyol.

petrous (pet'-rus) [irkrpa, rock], i. Stony; of the
hardness of stone, as the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone. 2. See petrosal (i).

petrox (pet'-roks). A mixture of paraffin-oil, ioo
parts; oleic acid, 50 parts; and alcoholic ammonia
solution, 25 parts; a substitute for vasogen.

Pettenkofer's soil- water or ground-water theory
{pet' -en-kof-er) [Max von Pettenkofer, German chemist,
1818-1901]. Cholera never prevails epidemically
where the soil is impermeable to water, or where the
level of the soil-water is not liable to fluctuations.
P.'s test for bile acids, dissolve in concentrated sul-
phuric acid a small quantity of bile in substance in a
small glass dish, or mix some of the liquid containing
the bile acids with concentrated sulphuric acid and
warm; in either case great care must be exercised that
the temperature does not rise above 6o° to 700 C.
Add drop by drop a 10% solution of cane-sugar, con-
stantly stirring with a glass rod. In the presence of
bile a beautiful red coloration is produced, which be-
comes bluish-violet in the course of the day. This red
liquid shows an absorption band at F and another
near, E, between D and E.

petuning (pet-u'-ning). A process of sprinkling
tobacco with some special preparation to aid in the
fermentation and flavoring.

peucine (pic' -sen) [wetter], the fir]. Resin; pitch.

peucinous (pii'-sin-us) [see peucine[. Relating to
or like the fir-tree; resinous.

pexin (pek'-sin) [tttj£is, a curdling]. Rennin or lab.

pexinogen (peks-in'-o-jen). See renninogen.

Peyer's glands, P.'s patches (pi'-er) [Johann
Conrad Peyer, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1712]. Ag-
gregations of lymph-follicles situated in the mucous
membrane of the lower part of the small intestine,
opposite the mesenteric attachment.

Peyerian fever (pi-e'-re-an). Typhoid fever.

peyote (pa-yo'-ta). Same as mescal. See anhalonine
and mescal button.

Pfannenstiel's incision (fahn'-en-stel) [J. Pfannen-
stiel, German gynecologist, 1862- ]. A method
of entering the abdominal cavity to avoid scar and
hernia by a long horizontal cut, convex downward, in
the region just above the mons Veneris where pubic
hair is normally present.

Pfaundler's reaction (found'-ler) [Meinhard
Pfaundler, German physician, 1872- ]. Under
certain conditions bacteria grown in an immune
serum will develop in long interlaced thread-like
groups.

Pfeiffer's glandular fever (pfi'-fer) [Richard Frie-
drich Wilhelm Pfeiffer, German physician, 1858- ].
An acute infectious fever characterized by inflam-
matory swelling of the lymph-glands, anemia, and
prostration. P.'s phenomenon. See P.'s reaction,
and bacteriolysis. P.'s reaction, the mixing of some
of the peritoneal effusion provoked in a guinea-pig by
inoculating it with a mixture of blood-serum of an
animal immune to cholera, and of bouillon to which a
small portion of a culture of the Spirillum cholera
asiaticce has been added, causes these organisms to
become nonmotile and to agglutinate. The absence
of this phenomenon proves that the spirillum under
investigation is of a different species. The same
phenomenon has been observed in the case of the ty-
phoid bacillus and typhoid antitoxic serum, and is a
valuable differential sign.

Pflueger's law of contraction (pfle'-ger) [Eduard

Friedrich Wilhelm Pflueger, German physiologist,
1820-1010]. Galvanic stimulation of a nerve causes
muscular contraction, which varies uniformly accord-
ing as the kathode or the anode is applied, or as the
current is closed or opened. Certain deviations from
this law constitute the reaction of degeneration.
The law may be briefly stated as follows:

Strength of
Current Used.

Descending
Current.

Ascending
Current.

Make.

Break.

Make.

Break.

Very Weak

Weak

Moderate

Strong

Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.

No.
No.
Yes.
No.

No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.

No.
No.
Yes.
Yes.

P.'s law of reflex action. 1. If stimulation of a sen-
sory nerve is followed by a unilateral reflex movement,
the latter always occurs on the side to which the sen-
sory nerve belongs. 2. If the stimulus received by a
sensory nerve extends, to motor nerves of the opposite
side, contraction occurs only in the corresponding
muscles. 3. If the contraction is unequal on the two
sides, the stronger contraction always takes place on
the side which is stimulated. 4. If the reflex excite-
ment extends to other motor nerves, the direction of
the impulse from the sensory to the motor nerve is
from before backward in the brain and from below
upward in the spinal cord — i.e., always in the direc-
tion of the oblongata. P.'s tubes, ovarian tubes ; sac-
ciform or tubular ingrowths of the germ epithelium
on the anterointernal surface of the Wolffian body ;
they ultimately form the cortex of the ovary.

Pfuhl's sign, P.-Jaffe's sign (pfool, yah' -fa), [Eduard
Pfuhl, German physician, 1852- ; Max Jaffe,
German physician, 1841-1911]. In subphrenic pyo-
pneumothorax the liquid issues from the exploratory
puncture or incision with considerable force during
inspiration, while the contrary occurs in true pneu-
mothorax.

P. G. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Germanica,
German Pharmacopeia.

phace, phacea (fa'-se,fa-se'-ah) [<pa.K.6s, a lens]. The
crystalline lens.

phacentocele (fa-sen' -to-sel) [<£a/cos, a lens; ivrbs,
within; 107X7?, hernia]. Displacement of the crystal-
line lens into the anterior chamber of the eye.

phacicous (fa'-sik-us) [<f>aic6s, a lens]. 1. Belonging
to the crystalline lens. 2. Lentil-shaped.

phacitis (fa-si' -tis). See phakitis.

phaco- (fa-ko-) [<j>aic6s, a lens]. A prefix meaning
p*ertaining to a lens or to the lens of the eye.

phacocele (fa'-ko-sel). See phacentocele.

phacocyst (fa'-ko-sist) [phaco-; kvottls bladder].
The capsule of the crystalline lens.

phacocystectomy (fa-ko-sis-tek'-to-me) [phaco-;
icbo-Tis, cyst; eKTojurj, excision]. Excision of a part of
the capsule of the crystalline lens.

phacocystitis (fa-ko-sis-W -tis) [phaco-; kvo-tis, cyst;
wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of
the crystalline lens.

phacoglaucoma (fa-ko-glaw-ko'-mah) [phaco-; glau-
coma]. Structural changes in the crystalline lens
induced by glaucoma.

phacohymenitis (fa-ko-hi-men-i'-tis) [phaco-; i>y.f)v,
membrane; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the capsule of the crystalline lens.

phacoid (fa'-koid) [<£a/c6s, lens; elSos, like]. Lens-
shaped.

phacoiditis (fa-koid-i'-tis). See phakitis.

phacoidoscope (fa-koid'-o-skop). Synonym of pha-
coscope.

phacolysis (fa-kol'-is-is) [phaco-; \veiv, to loosen].

1. Dissolution or disintegration of the crystalline lens.

2. An operation for relief of high myopia consisting in
discission of the crystalline lens followed by extrac-
tion.

phacomalacia (fa-ko-mal-a'-se-ah) [phaco-; ixahaKia,
softness]. Soft cataract.

phacometachoresis (fa-ko-met-ak-or-e'-sis) [phaco-;
Meraxwprjo-ts change of place]. Dislocation of the
crystalline lens.

phacometer (fa-kom'-et-er) [phaco-; fikrpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for determining the refractive
power of lenses.

PHACOPALINGENESIS

675

PHARMACEUTIST

phacopalingenesis (Ja-ko-pal-in-jen'-es-is) [phaco-;
vaKiv, again; ykve<Tis, genesis]. Reproduction of the
crystalline lens.

phacoplanesis (Ja-ko-plan-e'-sis) [phaco-; w\a.vr)ais ,
a making to wander]. Displacement of the lens of
the eye from the posterior to the anterior chamber
and back again.

phacosclerosis (fa-ko-skle-ro'-sis) [phaco-; scler-
osis]. Hardening of the crystalline lens.

phacoscope (Ja'-ko-skop) [phaco-; o-ko-kHv, to in-
spect]. An instrument for observing the accom-
modative changes of the lens.

phacoscopy (fa-kos'-ko-pe) [see phacoscope]. The
observation and estimation of the changes in the
lens of the eye caused by accommodative influences.

phaco scotasmus (fa-ko-sko-laz'-mus) [phaco-; <tkotos,
darkness]. Clouding of the crystalline lens.

phacotherapy (fa-ko-ther'-ap-e) [phaco-; depavela,
therapy]. Heliotherapy.

phaeoretin (fe-or-et'-in) [<pai.6s, dusky; pijrLvn, resin].
ChHsO. A resinous extract from rhubarb-root,
various species of the genus Rheum. It occurs as a
yellowish brown powder soluble in alcohol and alkalies.

phagedena, phagedena (Jaj-ed-e'-nah) [<payk8aiva, a
cancerous sore]. A rapidly spreading destructive
ulceration of soft parts, p. tropica, tropical ulcer.

phagedenic (Jaj-ed-en'-ik) [phagedena]. Of the
nature of phagedena, p. chancroid, a chancroid that
spreads rapidly and destroys a large amount of tissue.

phagedenism (faj'-ed-en-izm). Rapidly progres-
sive ulcerative processes of the soft parts, frequently
complicated with chancroid buboes.

phagedenoma, phagedcenoma (Jaj-ed-en-o'-mah).
A phagedenic ulcer.

phagocytal (fag'-o-si-tal). Pertaining to a pha-
gocyte.

phagocyte (fag'-o-sit) [<payeiv, to eat; kvtos, a cell].
A cell having the property of englobing and digesting
foreign or other particles harmful to the body. Pha-
gocytes are either fixed — endothelial cells, fixed con-
nective-tissue cells — or free — the wandering cells or
leukocytes. A large phagocyte is termed a macro-
phage; a small one, a microphage.

phagocytic (Jag-o-sit'-ik) [phagocyte]. Of, pertain-
ing to, or caused by phagocytes.

phagocytoblastC/ag-o-si'-to-Was/) [phagocyte; 0\o.<tt6s,
a germ]. A cell giving rise to one or more phagocytes.

phagocytolysis (Jag-o-si-toV -is-is) [phagocyte; Xwris,
solution], i. Destruction or dissolution of phago-
cytes. 2. Loss of the phagocytic action of leukocytes.

phagocytosis (fag-o-si-to'-sis) [phagocyte]. The in-
gestion of foreign or other particles, principally bac-
teria, by certain cells. Phagocytosis has been claimed
to be the cause of immunity against infectious dis-
eases.

phagokaryosis (Jag-o-kar-e-o'-sis) [<payelv, to eat;
Kapvov, nucleus]. The assumption by the cell-nucleus
of phagocytic action.

phagolysis (Jag-ol' -is-is) [<payelv, to eat; \veiv, to
loosen]. Destruction or dissolution of phagocytes;
phagocytolysis.

phagomania (fag-o-ma'-ne-ah) [<payelv, to eat; p.avla,
madness]. An insatiable craving for food.

phagotherapy (fag-o-ther'-ap-e) [<paydv, to eat;
Oepa-rrela, therapy]. Treatment by superalimentation.

phakitis (fa-ki'-lis) [<paKos, lens; ms, inflammation].
Inflammation of the crystalline lens of the eye; a
condition that has, however, not been observed.

phako- (fa'-ko-). For words beginning thus, see
phaco-.

phalacrosis (fal-ak-ro'-sis) [<pa\aKp6s, bald]. Bald-
ness.

phalacrotic, phalacrous (Jal-ak-roi'-ik, fal-ak'-rus)
[phalacrosis]. Bald.

phalangeal (Ja-lan'-je-al) [phalanx]. Pertaining to
a phalanx.

phalanges (Ja-lan'-jez) [phalanx]. Plural of pha-
lanx.

phalangette, phalanget (Jal-an-jet') [Fr.]. The
last phalanx or terminal bone of a finger or toe.

phalangitis (fal-an-ji'-tis) [phalanx: itis, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of a phalanx, p. syphili-
tica. See under dactylitis syphilitica.

phalangophalangeal (Ja-lan-go-fa-lan'-je-at) [pha-
lanx]. Pertaining to the successive phalanges of the
digits, p. amputation, removal of a finger or toe at
the first or second phalangeal joints.

phalangosis (fal-an-go'-sis) [phalanx], i. A dis-
ease of the eyelids in which the lashes are arranged in
rows. 2. Ptosis.

phalanx (fa'-lanks) [<pa\ay£, phalanx, pi., pha-
langes], i. One of the bones of the fingers or toes.
2. One of the delicate processes of the headplate of
the outer rod of Corti projecting beyond the inner
rod.

phallalgia (Jal-al'-je-ah) [phallus; &\yos, pain].
Pain in the penis.

phallanastrophe (Jal-an-as'-tro-fe) [<pa\\6s, penis;
ivaarpcxpr), upturning]. Twisting or distortion of the
penis.

phallaneurysm (fal-an'-u-rizm) [phallus; aneurysm].
Aneurysm of a vessel of the penis.

phallic (Jal'-ik) [phallus]. Pertaining to the penis.

phallin (Jal'-in). A toxalbumin contained in the
death cup fungus, Amanita phalloides.

phallitis (fal-i'-tis) [phallus; itis, inflammation].
Inflammation of the penis.

phallocampsis (fal-o-kamp'-sis) [phallus; Katupis, a
bending]. Chordee.

phallocarcinoma (fal-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [phallus;
carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the penis; it is usually an
epithelioma.

phallocrypsis (fal-o-krip'-sis) [phallus; Kptyt-s,
concealment]. Concealment of the penis by re-
traction.

phallodynia (fal-o-din'-e-ah) [phallus; 68vvrj, pain].
Pain in the penis.

phalloid (Jal'-oid) [phallus; elSos, like]. Resembling
the penis.

phalloncus (Jal-ong'-kus) [phallus; 6-y/cos, a
tumor]. Any tumor or swelling of the penis.

phalloplasty (Jal'-o-plas-te) [phallus; wXaxraeiv, to
mold]. Plastic or restorative surgery of the penis.

phallorrhagia (fal-or-a'-je-ah) [phallus; fayvvpat,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the penis.

phallus (fal'-us) [<pa\\6s, penis]. Penis.

phanerogenic (fan-er-o-jen'-ik) [<pavep6s, visible;
yewav, to produce]. Noting a disease of obvious
origin; the opposite of cryptogenic, q. v.

phaneromania (fan-er-o-ma'-ne-ah) [<pavep6s, evi-
dent; fiavia, madness]. A neurotic condition in
which a person pays undue attention to some ex-
ternal part or growth, such as a pimple, a hair or a
hangnail.

phaneroscope (Jan'-er-o-skop) [<pavep6s, visible;
o-Koireli', to see]. An instrument for rendering the
skin transparent; it is used in examining for diseases
of the skin, such as lupus.

phaneroscopy (Jan-er-os'-ko-pe). The use of the
phaneroscope.

phantasia (fan-ta'-ze-ah) [<pa.vTa.trla, a showing].
An imaginary appearance.

phantasm (fan'-tazm) [Qavrafeiv, to render visible].
An illusive perception of an object that does not
exist; an optical illusion; an apparition.

phantasmatomoria (Jan-taz-mat-o-mo'-re-ah) [<pav-
ratrna, phantasm; ixoipla, folly]. Childishness, or
dementia, with absurd fancies.

phantasmology (Jan-taz-mol'-o-je) [<pcwTaapa, phan-
tasm; \6yos, science]. The science of phantasms.

phantasmoscopia (fan-taz-mo-sko'-pe-ah) [Qavraapa,
phantasm; ctko-kHv, to see]. The seeing of phantasms,
in insanity or delirium.

phantom (fan'-tum) [phantasm], i. An apparition*
2. A model of a part or the whole of the human body
used in practising various operations and procedures.
p. corpuscle. See corpuscle, p. tumor, a tumor-
like swelling produced artificially by the contraction
of a muscle or by other causes.

phaochrome (fa'-o-krom). Same as chromaffin;
see chromaffin cells.

phaochromoblast (Ja-o-kro' -mo-blast). One of the
two varieties of cells into which the primary sympa-
thetic cells become differentiated. •

pharbitin, pharbitisin {far -bit' -in, far-bit' -is-in).
The kalandana of the Indian pharmacy, a resinous
substance isomeric with convolvulin contained in
Ipomoea hederacea. It is used as a cathartic. Dose,
7-10 gr. (0.45-0.64 gm.).

pharcidous (far'-sid-us) [</>ap/ci's, a wrinkle].
Wrinkled; rugose; full of wrinkles.

Phar.D. Abbreviation for Pharmacies Doctor,
Doctor of Pharmacy.

pharmacal (far'-mak-al) [<pa.pp.aKov, a drug]. Per-
taining to pharmacy.

pharmaceutic, pharmaceutical (far-ma-su'-tik, -al)
[pharmacy]. Pertaining to pharmacy.

pharmaceutics (far-mas-u'-tiks). Pharmacy.

pharmaceutist (far-mas-u'-tist). Synonym of
pharmacist.

PHARMACIST

676

PHARYNGOTHERAPY

pharmacist {far'-ma-sist) [pharmacy]. An apothe-
cary.

pharmaco- (far-ma-ko-) [<j>app.aKoi>, a drug]. A pre-
fix meaning pertaining to drugs.

pharmacodynamics (far-ma-ko-di-nam'-iks) [phar-
maco-; duva/iis, force]. The science of the action of
drugs.

pharmacognosis, pharmacognosy (far-ma-kog-no'-
sis, far-ma-kog' -nose) [pharmaco-; yv&ais, knowledge].
The science of crude drugs.

pharmacognostics (far-mak-og-nos'-tiks) . Synonym
of pharmacognosy.

pharmacography {far-ma-kog' -ra-fe) . See pharma-
cognosis.

pharmacologist (far-ma-kol'-o-jist) [pharmacology].
One versed in pharmacology.

pharmacology (far-ma-kol'-o-je) [pharmaco-; \6>os,
science]. The science of the nature and properties
of drugs.

pharmacomania (far-mak-o-ma'-ne-ah) [4>app.aicov,
drug; navia, madness]. A morbid craving for
medicines, or for self-medication.

pharmacopeia, pharmacopoeia (far-ma-ko-pe'-ah)
[pharmaco-; -woielv, to make]. A collection of formu-
las and methods for the preparation of drugs, especi-
ally a book of such formulas recognized as a standard,
as the United States or the British Pharmacopeia.
The former is issued every ten years under the super-
vision of a national committee.

pharmacopeial (far-ma-ko-pe'-al) [pharmacopeia].
Contained in or sanctioned by the pharmacopeia.

pharmacotherapeutic (far-mak-o-ther-ap-u'-tik)

[<f>apnaKov, drug; depaireia, treatment]. Pertaining
to treatment with drugs.

pharmacotherapy (far-mak-o-ther'-a-pe) [<j>app.aKov,
drug; 9epairda, therapy]. The treatment of disease
by means of drugs.

pharmacy (Jar'-ma-se) [cfiapnaiceia, the use of drugs].
I. The art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing
medicines. 2. A drug-store.

pharyngalgia (far-in-gal'-je-ah) [pharynx; a\yos,
pain]. Pain in the pharynx.

pharyngeal (far-in'-je-al) [pharynx]. Pertaining
to the pharynx, p. tonsil. See Luschka's tonsil.
p. spine, p. tubercle, a small elevation near the
middle of the inferior surface of the basilar process
of the occipital bone, for the attachment of the
pharynx.

pharyngectomy (far-in-jek'-to-me) [pharynx; iKronv,
excision]. Excision of a part of the pharynx.

pharyngemphraxis (far-in-gem-fraks'-is) [pharyn-
go-; eM0pa£«, obstruction]. Obstruction of the
pharynx.

pharyngeus (far-in-je'-us). See constrictor of
pharynx, etc., under muscles, table of.

pharyngismus (far-in-jiz'-mus) [pharynx]. Spasm
of the pharynx.

pharyngitic (far-in-jit'-ik). Pertaining to, affected
with, or of the nature of, pharyngitis.

pharyngitis (far-in-ji'-tis) [pharynx; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the pharynx, p., acute,
p., catarrhal, a form due to exposure to cold, to the
action of irritant substances, or to certain infectious
causes, and characterized by pain on swallowing, by
dryness, later by moisture, and by congestion of the
mucous membrane, p. apostematosa, abscess of
the pharynx, p., atrophic, a form attended with
atrophy of the mucous membrane, p., chronic,
a form that is generally the result of repeated acute
attacks, and is associated either with hypertrophy of
the mucous membrane (hypertrophic pharyngitis)
or with atrophy (atrophic pharyngitis), p., croupous,
p., diphtheritic, that characterized by the presence
of a false membrane, the product of the action of the
diphtheria bacillus, p., follicular, clergyman's sore
throat, p., granular, a form of chronic pharyngitis
in which the mucous membrane has a granular
appearance, p., lithemic, a sense of fulness in the
throat with a feeling of rigidity associated with
heat and dryness; it is due to the gouty diathesis.
p. sicca, the chronic form with a dry state of the
mucous membrane.

pharyngo- (far-in-go-) [pharynx]. A prefix sig-
nifying pertaining to the pharynx.

pharyngocele (far-in'-go-sel) [pharyngo-; KrfKr),
hernia]. A hernia or pouch of the pharynx projecting
through the pharyngeal wall.

pharyngodynia (far-in-go-din'-e-ah) [pharyngo- ;
68wri, pain]. Pain referred to the pharynx.

pharyngodynia (far-in-go-din'-e-ah) [pharyngo-;
oSvvrj, pain]. Pain referred to the pharynx.

pharyngoepiglottic (far-in-go-ep-ig-lot'-ik). Per-
taining to the pharynx and the epiglottis.

pharyngoepiglotticus (far-in-go-ep-ig-lot'-ik-us)

[pharyngo-; epiglottis]. Muscular fibers derived from
the stylo-pharyngeus and inserted into the side of the
epiglottis and the pharyngoepiglottic ligament.

pharyngoesophageal (far-in-go-e-sof-aj'-e-al). Per-
taining to the pharynx and esophagus.

pharyngoesophagus (far-in-go-e-sof-ag-us). The
pharynx and esophagus considered as one organ.

pharyngoglossal (far-in-go-glos'-al) [pharyngo- ;
yXuaaa, tongue]. Pertaining conjointly to the
pharynx and the tongue.

pharyngolaryngeal (far-in-go-lar-in'-je-al) [phar-
yngo-; larynx]. Pertaining both to the pharynx and
to the larynx.

pharyngolaryngitis (far-in-go-lar-in-ji'-tis) [pharyn-
go-; laryngitis]. Simultaneous inflammation of the
pharynx and larynx.

pharyngolith (far-in'-go-lith) [pharyngo-; Xi0os,
stone]. A calcareous concretion in the walls of the
pharynx.

pharyngology (far-in-gol'-o-je) [pharyngo-; \6yos,
science]. The science of the pharyngeal mechanism,
functions and diseases.

pharyngolysis (far-in-gol'-is-is) [pharyngo- ; Xuo-is,
a loosing]. Paralysis of the pharyngeal muscles.

pharyngomaxillary (far-in-go-maks'-il-a-re). Re-
lating to the pharynx and the maxilla.

pharyngomycosis (far-in-go-mi-ko'-sis) . Disease
of the pharynx due to the action of fungi.

pharyngonasal (far-in-go-na'-sal) [pharyngo- ; nasus,
nose]. Pertaining to the pharynx and the nose.
p. cavity, the upper portion of the pharynx; the naso-
pharynx.

pharyngooral (far-in-go-o'-ral) [pharyngo-; os, oris,
mouth]. Oropharyngeal; pertaining to both pharynx
and mouth, p. cavity, the oropharynx; the middle
portion of the pharynx, communicating with the
mouth.

pharyngopalatine (far-in-go-pal'-a-tin). Relating
to the pharynx and the palate.

pharyngopalatinus (far-in-go-pal-at-i'-nus). Syn-
onym of palatopharyngeus. See muscles, table of.

pharyngoparalysis (far-in-go-par-al'-is-is). See
pharyngoplegia.

pharyngopathy (far-in-gop'-ath-e) [pharyngo- ; irados,
disease]. Any disease of the pharynx.

pharyngoperistole (far-in-go-per-is'-to-le). Syn-
onym of pharyngostenia.

pharyngoplasty (far-in'-go-plas-te) [pharyngo- ;
■7r\aaaeLi>, to form]. Plastic surgery of the pharynx.

pharyngoplegia (far-in-go-ple'-je-ah) [pharyngo- ;
ir\r]yri, a stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles of the
pharynx.

pharyngorhinitis (far-in-go-ri-ni'-tis) [pharyngo- ;
pis, nose; ins, inflammation]. Pharyngitis with
rhinitis; inflammation of the pharynx and the nose.

pharyngorhinoscopy (far-in-go-ri-nos'-ko-pe) .

Synonym of rhinoscopy, posterior.

pharyngorrhagia (far-in-gor-a' -je-ah) [pharyngo- ;
prjyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
pharynx.

pharyngorrhea (far-in-gor-e'-ah) [pharyngo-; fata,
a flow]. A mucous discharge from the pharynx.

pharyngoscleroma (far-in'-go-skle-ro'-mah) .

Pharyngeal scleroma.

pharyngoscope (far-in'-go-skop) [pharyngo-; <tko-
■Kiiv, to inspect]. An instrument for use in examin-
ing the pharynx.

pharyngoscopy (far-in-gos'-ko-pe) [pharyngoscope].
Examination of the pharynx with the pharyngoscope.

pharyngospasm (far-in'-go-spazm) [pharyngo-;
<r-Ko.ap.bs, a spasm]. Spasmodic contraction of the
pharynx.

pharyngospasmodic (far-in-go-spas-mod' -ik). Re-
lating to spasmodic contraction of the pharynx.

pharyngostaphylinus (far-in'-go-staf-il-i'-nus) .

Synonym of palatopharyngeus. See muscles, table of.

pharyngostenia (far-in-go-ste' -ne-ah) [pharyngo- ;
arevos, narrow]. Narrowing or stricture of the
pharynx.

pharyngostenous (far-in-go-ste' -nus) [pharyngo-;
stenosis]. Relating to stricture of the pharynx.

pharyngotherapy (far-in-go-ther'-a-pe) [pharyngo- ;
depaireia, therapy]. The treatment of diseases of
the pharynx by direct applications or irrigations.

PHARYNGOTOME

677

PHENOMENON

pharyngotome (far-in'-go-tom) [pharyngo-; row, a
cutting]. An instrument for incising the pharynx.

pharyngotomy (far-in-got'-o-me) [see pharyngo-
tome]. Incision into the pharynx, p., inferior, that
in which the tissues between the hyoid bone and the
cricoid cartilage are divided, p., lateral, incision
into one side of the pharynx, p., subhyoidean,
that through the thyrohyoid membrane.

pharyngotonsillitis (far-in-go-ton-sil-i'-tis) [pharyn-
go-; tonsillitis]. Inflammation of the pharynx and
the tonsil.

pharyngoxerosis (far-in-go-zer-o'-sis) [pharyngo- ;
xerosis]. Dryness of the pharynx.

pharynx (far'-ingks) [<j>apvyfi, the throat]. The
musculomembranous pouch situated back of the
nose, mouth, and larynx, and extending from the
base of the skull to a point opposite the sixth cervical
vertebra, where it becomes continuous with the
esophagus. It is lined by mucous membrane,
covered in its upper part with columnar ciliated
epithelium, in its lower part with stratified epithe-
lium. On the ouside of this is a layer of fibrous
tissue — the pharyngeal aponeurosis. This in turn is
surrounded by the muscular coat. The upper por-
tion of the pharynx communicates with the nose
through the posterior nares, is known as the naso-
pharynx, and functionally belongs to the respiratory
tract ; the lower portion is divided into the oropharynx
and laryngopharynx, and is a part of the digestive
tract. The pharynx communicates with the middle
ear by means of the Eustachian tube.

phase (fdz) [<£do-«, appearance]. The condition
or stage of a disease or physiological function at a
given time.

phaselin (fas'-el-in). A proprietary digestant said
to be a constituent of a wild bean of Mexico.

phatne (fat'-ne) [t^arvrj, socket]. Same as alveolus.

phatnorrhagia (jat-nor-a'-je-ah) [<j>6.tvii, socket;
fayvwai. to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from a tooth-
socket.

Ph.B. Abbreviation for (i) British Pharmacopoeia;
(2) Bachelor of Philosophy.

Ph.D. Abbreviation for (1) Doctor of Pharmacy;
(2) Doctor of Philosophy.

phecine (fe'-sen), CeKUCOH^SCh. Sulphometa-
dihydroxybenzene, a sulphate of the dihydrate of
benzene; it is said to be a nonirritant antiseptic and
prophylactic, and is indicated in diseases of the
skin.

Phelps' operation [Abel Mix Phelps, American
surgeon, 1851-1902]. 1. For club-foot: a direct
open incision is made through the inner and plantar
surfaces of the foot. 2. For hare-lip : a loop is passed
through the margin of the lip on either side of the
cleft; the incision is curved on both sides, and a V-
shaped flap is allowed to remain in the middle line,
beneath the septum of the nose; the wound is closed
with silk sutures.

phenacetin (fe-nas'-el-in). See acetphenelidin.

phenakistoscope, phsenakistoscope (fe-nak-is'-to-
skop) [cfrevaKLffrris, an impostor; aiioireiv, to view].
That form of stroboscope in which the figures and
slits revolve in the same direction. Syn., direct
stroboscope ; zoetrope.

phenalette (fen-al-et'). An effervescing headache
powder, containing phenacetin.

phenalgene (fe-nal'-jen). A proprietary analgesic
said to conain acetanilide, sodium bicarbonate, etc.

phenalgin (Je-nal'-jin). A proprietary antipyretic
and analgesic said to be an ammoniated combination
of phenyl and acetanilide. Syn., ammoniophenyl-
acetamide.

phenanthrene (fe-nan'-thren) [phenol; avdpa£.
coal], C14H10. A hydrocarbon isomeric with anthra-
cene, and found with it in the last fraction of coal-
tar.

phenate (fe'-nat) [phenol]. A compound of phenol
and a base; a carbolate.

phenatol (fe'-nat-ol). A proprietary antipyretic
and anodyne said to be a combination of sodium
carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, and chloride, with
acetanilide and caffeine.

phenazone (fe'-naz-on). Antipyrine.

phene (fen). Benzene.

phenedin (fe'-ned-'in). Acetphenetidin.

phenegol (Je'-ne-gol), C6H5 . O . NO2 . SO3K. Mer-
cury potassium nitroparaphenol sulphonate. It is
antiseptic and bactericidal.

phenetidin (Je-net'-id-in) [phenol], CsHnNO. The
base from which acetphenetidin is prepared by

substitution, p. citrate, a condensation-product of
paraamidophenetol with citric acid; sedative and
antipyretic.

phenetidinuria (fe-net-id-in-u'-re-ah). A condi-
tion marked by the presence of phenetidin in the
urine.

phenetol (fen'-et-ol) [phenol; oleum, oil], C2H5 . O . -
C6H5. Ethyl phenyl ether; a volatile aromatic-
smelling liquid.

phengophobia (fen-go-fo'-be-ah) [04770s, light;
<t>6fios, fear]. See photophobia.

phenic (fe'-nik) [phenol]. Obtained from coal-tar.
p. acid. See acid, carbolic, and phenol.

phenicate (fen'-ik-at). To charge with phenol or
phenic acid.

phenicism (fe'-nis-izm). A synonym of rubeola,
q. v.

phenidin, phenin (fe'-nid-in, fe'-nin) . See acetphen-
etidin.

phenigmus (fe-nig'-mus) [<j>olvi^, purple-red]. A
skin disease characterized by diffuse redness, without
fever.

phenocoll (fe'-no-kol) [phenol], C10H14N2O2. Amid-
ophenacetin, a substance resembling acetphenetidin;
the hydrochloride is used as an antipyretic. Dose
10-15 gr. (0.65-1-0 Gm.).

phenocreosote (fe-no-kre'-o-sot). A preparation
of creosote and phenol.

phenodin (fe'-no-din) [<t>ou>co8r)s, blood-red]. The
same as hematin, q. v.

phenofax (fe' -no-fax) . Trade name of an anti-
septic surgical dressing.

phenol (fe'-nol) [<t>olvi£, purple-red]. 1. C6H5OH.
Hydroxybenzene, obtained either from coal-tar
by fractional distillation or made synthetically.
More commonly known as carbolic acid. 2. Any
derivative of benzene homologous with phenol.
p.-camphor, camphorated phenol, p. celluloid, a
protective varnish for wounds, prepared from pyroxy-
lin, phenol, and camphor, p. diiodide, a precipitate
from a combination of solutions of sodium, phenol,
and iodopotassium iodide, recommended as a wound
antiseptic. Syn., diiodophenoliodide. p., glycerite
of (glyceritum phenolis, U. S. P.), a mixture of lique-
fied phenol and glycerol, p., liquefied (phenol
liquef actum, U. S. P.), a liquid containing not less
than 86.4 % by weight of absolute phenol. Dose
1 min. (0.06 Cc). p., ointment of (unguentum
phenolis, U. S. P.), an ointment made of white
petrolatum and phenol, p., orthomonobromo-,
CeHsBrO, an oily, violet-colored liquid with strong
odor, soluble in ether, chloroform, or 100 parts of
water; used as a wound antiseptic and in erysipelas,
1 to 2 % in petrolatum, twice daily, p., ortho-
monochlor-, C6H5CIO, a colorless antiseptic liquid,
soluble in alcohol or ether, used with petrolatum in
skin diseases, etc. p. sulphoricinate, a solution of
phenol in sulphoricinic acid, used in 20 % solution
in tuberculosis of the throat, p., tests for. See
Allen, Berthelot, Davy, Eijkman, Jacquemin, Landolt,
Penzoldt and Fischer, Plugge. p. trichloride. See
trichlor phenol.

phenolate (fe'-no-lat) [phenol]. A salt of carbolic
acid.

phenolax (fe'-no-laks). Trade name of a prepara-
tion of phenolphthalein; used as a purgative.

phenolid (fe'-nol-id). A proprietary preparation
said to be a mixture of acetanilide and sodium
salicylate or sodium bicarbonate. Dose 5-10 gr.
(0.3-0.6 gm.).

phenolin (fen'-ol-in). An antiseptic prepared from
crude cresols.

phenology, phaenology (fe-nol'-o-je) [<f>alveiv, to
bring to light; \6yos, science]. In biology, the
science of the behavior of plants and animals to the
periodic changes in meteorologic conditions.

phenolphthalein (fe-nol-tha'-le-in) [phenol; phthalic
acid], C20H14O4. A substance produced by the action
of phenol on phthalic acid and used generally in a
1 % solution in 50 % alcohol, as a delicate test for
acids and alkalies. It is turned red by alkalies and
decolorized by acids. It has been recommended as a
purgative. Dose 1^-4 gr. (0.09-0.2 Gm.).

phenolsulphonic acid (fe-nol-sul-fon'-ik). Sulpho-
carbolic acid.

phenomenon (fe-nom'-en-on) [<t>aiv6nevov, that which
is seen; from <t>aiv&.v, to shine: pi., phenomena]. An
event or manifestation, generally of an unusual
character, p. Aubert's etc. For this and other
proper names see under the proper name. p.»

PHENONE

678

PHLEBITIS

diaphragm. See Litten's sign, p., face. See Chvos-
lek's sign, p., great toe. See Babinski's reflex.
p., knee. Synonym of patellar tendon-reflex.

phenone (fe'-non) [phenol]. A ketone formed by
the union of phenyl and a hydrocarbon of the marsh-
gas series.

phenophobia (fe-no-fo'-be-ah). Synonym of photo-
phobia.

phenophthalein (fe-no-tha'-le-in). See phenol-
phthalein.

phenopyrine (fe-no-pi'-ren). A mixture of equal
parts of phenol and antipyrine.

phenoresorcin (fe-no-re-sor'-siri). A mixture of
67 parts of phenol with 33 parts of resorcin.

phenosal (fe' -no-sal). Phenetidin acetosalicylate;
an antipyretic compound of acetphenetidin and
salicylic acid; used in acute articular rheumatism.
Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 2 to 6 times daily. Syn.,
paraphenetidin salicylacetic acid.

phenosalyl (fe-no-sal'-il). A compound of phenol,
salicylic acid, lactic acid, and menthol, mixed with
heat. It is an external antiseptic, used in conjunc-
tivitis in 0.2 to 0.4 % solution; in eczema, in 1 %
solution.

phenosuccin (Je-no-suk'-sin), CeH^OCal^N-
(COCH2)2. Colorless needles derived from para-
amidophenol by action of succinic acid; antipyretic
and antineuralgic. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) daily.
Syn., pyrantin.

phenosuccinate (fe-no-suk'-sin-at). The sodium
salt of phenosuccin, forming a white, soluble powder.
It is preferred to phenosuccin. Dose 72-46 gr.
(0.5-3-0 Gm.).

phenoxin {fe-noks'-in). A trade name for carbon
tetrachloride.

phenoxycaffeine (fe-noks-e-kaf'-e-in), CsHgOCeHs)
N4O2. It is anesthetic and narcotic and is used
subcutaneously in sciatica. Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.).

phenyl (fe'-nil) [phenol; iiXrj, matter]. The uni-
valent radical, C6H5, of phenol, p. alcohol. Synonym
of phenol, p. hydrate, phenol, p. salicylate (phenylis
salicylas, U. S. P.), the salicylic ester of phenyl, a
white, crystalline substance, used as an intestinal
and urinary antiseptic, and as a substitute for
salicylic acid. It is decomposed in the intestine into
salicylic acid and phenol. Dose 5-25 gr. (0.32-1.0
Gm.). Syn., salol.

phenylacetamide. Same as acelanilide.

phenylamine (Jen-il-am'-in). Same as aniline.

phenylaniline (Jen-il-an' -il-in) . Same as diphenyl-
amine.

phenylate (fe'-nil-at). A carbolate.

phenylchinaldin. See phenylquinaldin.

phenylchinolin. A derivative of chinolinjay -the
entrance of the phenyl-group into 4ts-T3yTidm mole-
cule.

phenylene (fen'-il-en), C6H4. A bivalent organic
radical.

phenylglucosazone (fe-nil-gloo-ko'-saz-on), C18H22-
N4O4. A yellow, crystalline compound produced in
the phenylhydrazine test for glucose.

phenylglycuronic acid (fe-nil-glik-ii-ron'-ik). A
crystalline body, a compound of "phenol and glycu-
ronic acid, occurring in the urine after the ingestion
of phenol.

phenylhydrazine {fe-nil-hi' -dra-zen) , C6H8N2. A
liquid base, crystallizing in plates, the hydrochloride
of which is used as a test for sugar, p. tests. See
v. Jaksch, Neumann, Riegler.

phenylhydroxylamine, C6H5NHOH, a product of
nitrobenzol by reduction; very active blood-poison.

phenylic (fe-nil'-ik) [phenyl]. Pertaining to or
containing phenyl, p. acid, carbolic acid, phenol.

phenylmethane. A crystalline analgesic and anti-
pyretic substance.

phenylon (fe'-nil-on). Antipyrine.

phenylone {fen'-il-on). Antipyrine.

phenylquinaldin (Je-nil-kwi n-al'-din) , C9H5(G6H5)N,
an antiperiodic prepared by the action of hydro-
chloric acid on a mixture of aniline, acetophenone,
and aldehyde. Dose 1^-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.). It is
also used externally as a local irritant.

phenylquinolin (fe-nil-kwin'-o-lin). A derivative
of quinolin by the entrance of the phenyl groups
into its pyridin molecule. It is more active than
quinine.

phenylurethane (fe-nil-u'-relh-an). See euphorin.

pheochrome, pheochromoblast. See phaochrome,
phaochromoblast.

phesin (Je'-sin), CeH3 . O . C.-HoSOsNa . NH . CO .-

CH3. A proprietary antipyretic sulpho-derivative
of acetphenetidin.

Ph.G. Abbreviation for (1) Graduate in Phar-
macy; (2) German Pharmacopoeia.

phial (fi'-al\. See vial.

philanthropist (fil-an'-thro-pist) [cpCKavdpuwos, hu-
mane]. One who loves mankind.

philanthropy (fil-an'-thro-pe) [<f>i\avdpuiros, humane].
The love of mankind ; benevolence ; charity.

Phillips' muscle. A small muscle extending from
the styloid process of the radius and the external
lateral ligament to the proximal portion of the
phalanges.

Phillyrea (fil-ir'-e-ah) [<piXvpa, the linden-tree,
from the similarity of its leaves]. A genus of the
Oleacece. The leaves of P. latifolia, the stone-
linden of southern Europe, are diuretic and emmena-
gogue and are used in ulcerations of the mouth. It
contains phillyrin.

phillyrin (fil'-i-rin), C27H34O11+H2O. A crystalline
glucoside found in the bark and leaves of Phillyrea
latifolia, P. angustifolia, and P. media. It is anti-
malarial.

philocytase (fil-o-si'-tas) [<f>i\elv, to love; kvtos, a
cell]. Metchnikoff's name for the intermediate body
of Ehrlich; an amboceptor.

philoneism (fil-o-ne'-izm) [<piKelv, to love; veos,
new]. Abnormal love of novelty; the reverse of
misoneism. .,

philopatridomania (fil-o-pa-trid-o-ma'-ne-ah) [<f>i\elt>,
to love; Trarpis, fatherland; p.avia, madness]. An
insane desire to return home; excessive nostalgia, or
homesickness.

philter, philtre (fil-ter) [<f>L\Tpoi>, a love-charm].
A love-potion; a preparation supposed to be efficacious
in exciting sexual passion.

philtrum (fil'-trum) [4>i\rpov, a love-charm]. 1. The
depression on the surface of the skin of the upper
lip immediately below the septum of the nose.
2. A philter, q. v.

phimosientomy (fi-mo-si-en'-to-me) [frinovv, to
constrict; Ivronri, incision]. Incision of a constricted
prepuce.

phimosiotomy (fi-mo-si-ot'-o-me). See phimosi-
entomy.

phimosis (fi-mo'-sis) [fruovv, to constrict]. Elonga-
tion of the prepuce and constriction of the orifice,
so that the foreskin cannot be retracted to uncover
the glans penis, p. adnata, p. puerilis, congenital
phimosis, p. circumligata. See paraphimosis, p.
oedematodes, phimosis with edema of the prepuce.
Syn., hydrophimosis. p. oris, narrowing of the
opening of the mouth, p. palpebrarum. Synonym
of blepharophimosis. p. vaginalis, atresia of the
vagina.

phimotic (fi-mot'-ik). Relating to phimosis.

phisiotherapy (fiz-e-o-ther'-ap-e) [<pb<ns, nature;
depawda, therapy]. The application of natural
remedies — air, water, sunlight, etc. — in the treat-
ment of disease.

phleb- (fleb-) [<j>\k\p, vein]. A prefix meaning vein.

phlebangioma (fleb-an-je-o'-mah) [phleb-; iyyeiov,
vessel; bp.a, tumor]. A venous aneurysm.

phlebarteriectasia (fleb-ar-te-re-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [phleb- ;
a.prrjpLa, artery; tKraais, dilatation]. Varicose aneu-
rysm.

phlebarteriodialysis (fleb-ar-te-re-o-di-al'-is-is)

[phleb-; aprripia, artery; 8ia\vais, separation]. Arteri-
ovenous aneurysm.

phlebectasia, phlebectasis (fleb-ek-ta'-ze-ah, fleb-
ek'-tas-is) [(j>\bp, vein; l/cracm, dilation]. Dilation of
a vein; varicosity.

phlebectomy (fleb-ek' -to-me) [<p\e\f/, vein; itcro^,
excision]. Excision of a vein or a portion of a vein.

phlebectopia (fleb-ek-to'-pe-ah) [phleb-; itc, out;
tottos, place]. The displacement or abnormal posi-
tion of a vein.

phlebemphraxis (fleb-em-fraks'-is) [phleb-; Im<£po£is,
obstruction]. Plugging of a vein.

phlebepatitis (fleb-ep-at-i'-tis) [<p\ty, vein; hepatitis].
Inflammation of the portal or hepatic veins.

phlebeurisma (fleb-u-riz'-mah). Synonym of varix.

phlebin {fleb' -in) [phleb-]. A term for the venous
blood-pigment as contained in the red corpuscles.

phlebismus (fleb-iz'-mus) [<j>\&!/, vein]. Undue
prominence or swelling of a vein.

phlebitic (fieb-it'-ik). Pertaining to, of the nature
of, or affected with phlebitis.

phlebitis (fleb-i'-tis) [<t>\ty, vein; vrts, inflammation].
Inflammation of a vein. This is generally suppura-

PHLEBO-

679

PHLYCTENOSIS

tive (suppurative phlebitis), and is the result of the
extension of suppuration from adjacent tissues. It
leads to the formation of a thrombus within the vein
(thrombophlebitis) , which may break down and cause
the distribution of septic emboli to various parts of
the body. When not due to a suppurative process
the phlebitis, called plastic, adhesive, or proliferative,
may give rise to obliteration of the vein. The
symptoms of phlebitis are pain and edema of the
affected part, redness along the course of the vein,
the latter appearing as a hard, tender cord, p.,
sinus-, phlebitis of the sinuses of the dura mater.

phlebo- (fleb-o-) [<j>\e\p, vein]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to a vein.

phlebocarcinoma (fleb-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [phlebo-;
carcinoma]. Extension of carcinoma to the walls of a
vein.

phlebocholosis (fleb-o-ko-lo'-sis) [phlebo-; xw^u.
lameness]. Paralysis or disease of the veins.

phlebogram (fleb'-o-gram) [phlebo-; ypap.p,a, a
writing]. A tracing of the movements of a vein by
the sphygmograph.

phlebograph (fleb'-o-graf) [phlebo-; ypa<peu>, to
write]. An instrument for recording the venous
pulse.

phlebography (fleb-og'-ra-fe) [phlebo-; ypaxftew, to
write]. The anatomy and physiology of the veins;
a description of the veins.

phlebolite, phlebolith (fleb'-o-lit,fleb'-o-lith) [phlebo-;
\L9os, a stone]. Vein-stone, a hard concretion some-
times found in veins, and produced by calcareous
infiltration of a thrombus.

phlebolithiasis (fleb-o-lith-i' -as-is) [phlebo-; \ldos,
stone]. The formation of phleboliths.

phlebolitic (fleb-o-lit'-ik) [phlebo-; \ldos, a stone].
Of the nature of, containing, or characterized by,
phlebolites.

phlebology (fieb-ol'-o-je) [phlebo-; Xoyos, science].
The science of the anatomy and physiology of the
veins.

phlebopexy (fleb'-o-peks-e) [phlebo-; irij£is, a fixing
in]. Longuet's term for the preservation of the
venous reticulum which results from the extraserous
transplantation of the testicle in cases of varico-
cele.

phlebophthalmotomy (fleb-off-thal-mof-o-me)

[phlebo-; 6<t>da\fi6s, eye; ron-fj- a cutting]. Scari-
fication of the conjunctival vein.

phleboplerosis (fleb-o-ple-ro'-sis) [phlebo-; irXi7p«<us,
a filling]. Distention of the veins.

phlebophlogosis (fleb-o-flo-go'-sis). Synonym of
phlebitis.

phleborrhagia (fleb-or-a'-je-ah) [phlebo-; p-qyvwai,
to burst forth]. Venous hemorrhage.

phleborrhapny (fleb-or'-af-e) [phlebo-; pa<pr), suture].
Suture of a vein.

phleborrhexis (fleb-or-eks'-is) [phlebo-; py£is, rup-
ture]. Rupture of a vein.

phlebosclerosis (fleb-o-skle-ro'-sis) [phlebo-; <tk\tip6s,
hard]. Sclerosis of a vein.

phlebostasis (fleb' -os-tas-is) [phlebo-; o-rcuris, a
standing still]. The temporary removal of some of the
blood from the general circulation by means of com-
pression in the veins in the extremities; also called
"bloodless phlebotomy."

phlebostenosis (fleb-o-sten-o'-sis) [phlebo-; crrkvos,
narrow]. Constriction of a vein.

phlebostrepsis (fleb-o-strep'-sis) [phlebo-; arptyis,
a twisting]. Torsion, or twisting, of a vein.

phlebothrombosis (fleb-o-throm-bo'-sis) [phlebo- ;
thrombosis]. The formation of a thrombus in a vein.

phlebotome (fleb'-o-tom). A cutting-instrument
used in phlebotomy; a fleam.

phlebotomist (fleb-of -o-mist) [phlebo-; Top.t), a
cutting]. One who lets blood; a bleeder.

phlebotomus fever (fleb-of -om-us). A fever of
brief duration met with in the countries around the
Mediterranean, also in India; it is apparently con-
veyed by sand-flies.

phlebotomy (fleb-of -o-me) [phlebo-; ropv, a cutting].
Opening of a vein for the purpose of bloodletting.
The vein most often selected is the median cephalic
at the bend of the elbow, p., bloodless. See phlebo-
stasis.

phledonia (fle-do'-ne-ah) [<p\tSovda, babble]. De-
lirium, or delirious utterance.

phlegm (flem) [<p\kypa, phlegm], i. A viscid,
stringy mucus, secreted by the mucosa of the upper
air-passages. 2. One of the four humors of the old
writers.

phlegmasia (fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [<p\kyp.a, a flame].
Inflammation, p. adenosa. See adenitis, p. alba
dolens, milk-leg, a painful swelling of the leg begin-
ning either at the ankle and ascending, or at the
groin and extending down the thigh, its usual cause
being septic infection after labor, p. cellularis,
cellulitis, p. dolens. Same as p. alba dolens. p.
lactea. See p. alba dolens. p. malabarica. Syno-
nym of elephantiasis arcbum. p. membranes mucosae
gastropulmonalis. See aphtha tropica, p. myoica,
myositis.

phlegmatic (fleg-maf-ik) [phlegm]. Full of phlegm;
hence, indifferent; apathetic; slow, dull; lymphatic.

phlegmon (fleg'-mon) [tj>\typovri, inflammation].
An inflammation characterized by the spreading of a
purulent or fibrinopurulent exudate within the tissues.
p., gas, that in which more or less offensive gas is
formed with the pus. p. ligneux, a peculiar form of
chronic inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue marked by a slow clinical course and a con-
sistence resembling wood. It occurs most frequently
on the neck.

phlegmonodoea (fleg-mon-o-de'-ah) [4>\eynovq, in-
flammation]. 1. See erythematica. 2. Peritonitis.

phlegmonoid (fleg'-mon-oid). Resembling phleg-
mon.

phlegmonous (fleg'-mon-us) [phlegmon]. Of the
nature of or pertaining to phlegmon.

phloem (flo'-em) [<j>\oios, bark]. In botany that
portion of a fibrovascular bundle which consists of
bast-tissue and sieve-tissue; leptome. Cf. xylem.
p.-ray, a plate of phloem-tissue between two medul-
lary rays, p.-sheath, a layer of thin-walled cells
surrounding the phloem-tissue; bast-sheath; peri-
phloem; vascular bundle sheath, p.-tissue, phloem.

phlogistic (fio-jis'-tik) [<f>\oy«rT6s, burnt]. In-
flammatory.

phlogogen, phlogogon (flog'-o-jen, flog'-o-gon)
[<p\6yoo<ris, inflammation; ytvvav, to produce]. Any
substance having the property of exciting inflamma-
tion in a tissue with which it comes in contact; an
irritant.

phlogogenic (flog-o-jen'-ik) [see phlogogen]. Caus-
ing inflammation.

phlogogenous (flo-goj'-en-us) [0X0765, burning;
7€j-i7j, producing]. Producing inflammation.

phlogosin (flog'-o-sin) [<j>\6yo)<ris, inflammation].
A crystalline body isolated from cultures of pyogenic
staphylococci, and causing suppuration when in-
jected beneath the skin or introduced into the eye.

phlogosis (flog-o'-sis) [see phlogosin]. 1. Inflam-
mation. 2. Erysipelas.

phlogotic (flo-gof-ik) [4>\oy6s, burning]. Pertaining
to or marked by phlogosis, or inflammation.

phlogozelotism (flo-go-zef -ot-izm) [<pKoybs, burning;
%t)Ko\>v, to be eager]. A mania for ascribing to every
disease an inflammatory origin.

phloretin (flor-e'-tin) [<f>\oi6s, bark; /Jtfa, root].
A product of the treatment of phioridzin by dilute
acids. Like that of phioridzin, its administration
in suitable doses is followed by glycosuria or true
diabetes.

phioridzin, phlorizin, phlorrhizin (flor-id'-zin,
flor-i'-zin) [^Xoios, bark; 3ifa. root], C21H24O10 . 2H2O.
A bitter crystalline glucoside occurring in the root
and trunk of apple, pear, and other fruit-trees. It is
said to possess antipyretic properties. Dose 5-10
gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). Given to lower animals it
produces glycosuria, p.-diabetes, the glycosuria
induced in lower animals, especially dogs, by the
administration of phioridzin.

phloroglucin (flo-ro-gloo'-sin) [<p\oi6s, bark; y\vKvs,
sweet], C6H3(OH)3. A crystalline substance found
in the bark of the cherry, pear, apple, and other
trees, and used as a test for woody tissue (lignin)
and hydrochloric acid.

phlorol (flo'-rol) [<j>\ol6s, bark; oleum, oil], CsHioO.
A phenol found in creosote.

phlorose (flo'-ros) [<£Xoi6s, bark]. A glucose which
is probably identical with dextrose.

phlorrhizin (flor'-iz-in). Synonym of phioridzin.

phlyctena, phlyctaena (flik-te'-nah) [4>\vKraiva, a
blister]. A vesicle.

phlyctenar (flik'-ten-ar) [^XvKTaiva, blister]. Affec-
ted with phlyctena; pertaining to. phlyctena.

phlyctenoid (flik'-ten-oid). See phlyctenular.

phlyctenosis (fiik-ten-o'-sis) [<p\vKTaiva, blister].
An eruption characterized by vesicles, p. aggregata,
an herpetic eruption in which the vesicles are situated
closely together, p. labialis. Synonym of herpes

PHLYCTENULA

680

PHOSPHATE

labialis. p. sparsa, a form in which the vesicles are
few and at considerable distances from each other.

phlyctenula (flik-ten'-u-lah) [dim. of (jAvKraiva,
blister]. A little vesicle or blister.

phlyctenular (flik-ten'-u-lar) [phlyctena]. Re-
sembling a phlyctenule; characterized by the forma-
tion of phlyctenules, as phlyctenular conjunctivitis.

phlyctenule, phlyctenula (fiik-ten'-ul, flik-ten'-u-
lah) [phlyctena], A minute phlyctena; a little vesicle
or blister.

phlysis (fli'-sis) [<j>\v<ris, eruption], i. A phlyc-
tenule. 2. A whitlow.

phlyzacion, phlyzacium (fli-za'-se-on, fli-za' -se-um)
[<t>\v$e.iv, to inflame]. A pustular vesicle on an
indurated base. p. acutum. See ecthyma.

phobia (fo'-be-ah) [4>6fios, fear]. Any obsession of
fear characteristic of insanity.

phobodipsia Jo-bo-dip' -se-ah) [<t>6fios, fear; Slxpa,
thirst]. Hydrophobia.

phobophobia (Jo-bo-fo'-be-ah) [06/3os, fear]. Dread
of being afraid.

Phocas' disease {fo-kah') [B. G. Phocas, French
physician]. Chronic fibrous mastitis, characterized
by the presence of multiple fibrous nodules in both
breasts.

phocomelus (fo-kom'-el-us) U>6>ktj, a seal; p.k\os,
a limb]. A monster with rudimentary limbs, the
hands and feet being attached almost directly to
the trunk.

phonacoscope (fo-nak'-o-skop) [<t>covri, voice; anoictlv,
to examine]. An instrument for combined auscul-
tation and percussion; it increases the intensity of
the sounds heard.

phonacoscopy (fo-nak-os'-ko-pe). Examination of
the chest with a phonoscope.

phonal (fo'-nal) [<j>uvr], voice]. Pertaining to the
voice or to sound.

phonation Jo-na'-shun) [<i>u>vii, voice]. The pro-
duction of vocal sound or articulate speech.

phonatory (Jon'-a-to-re) [phonation]. Pertaining
to phonation. p. band. Same as vocal band.

phonautogram (Jo-naw'-to-gram) [(pwfi, voice;
avros, self; ypanfia, inscription]. The diagram of a
phonautograph.

phonautograph (fo-naw'-to-graf) [<f>c>>i>ri, voice;
autograph]. An apparatus for recording auto-
matically the vibrations of the air produced by the
voice.

phone (fon) [<poovf), sound, voice]. A vocal sound.

phonendoscope Jo-nen' -do-skop) [<t>o>vii, voice;
ei>8oi>, within; cko-kHv, to view]. A variety of stetho-
scope which intensifies the auscultatory sounds.

phonetic Jo-net'-ik) [(pcovrj, voice], i. Pertaining
to or representing sounds. 2. Pertaining to the voice.

phonetics (fo-net'-iks). The science dealing with
the mode of production of sounds.

phonic (Jon'-ik) [<t>vwh, voice]. Pertaining to the
voice, p. spasm, a spasm of the laryngeal muscles
occurring on attempting to speak.

phonica (Jon' -ik-ah) . Diseases affecting the vocal
organs.

phonism (fo'-nizm) [<j>uvri, voice]. A sensation,
of sound or hearing, due to the effect of sight, touch,
taste, or smell, or even to the thought of some object,
person, or general conception.

phono- (Jo-no-) [<puvv, voice]. A prefix denoting
relating to the voice or to sound.

phonocardiogram (fo-no-kar' -de-o-gram) [phono- ;
KapSla, heart; ypap.ua, a writing]. An instrument
for registering the sounds of the heart.

phonocardiography (fo-no-kar-de-og'-ra-fe). Regis-
tration of the sounds of the heart.

phonochorda (fo-no-kor'-dah) [phono-; xopSri, cord:
pi., phonochorda]. A vocal band.

phonogram Jo' -no-gram) [phono-; ypdppa, a
writing]. 1. The record of a phonograph. 2. A
graphic character representing a vocal sound.

phonograph Jo'-no-graf) [phono-; ypd<petv, to
record]. An instrument consisting of a wax-coated
cylinder revolving under a stylus attached to a
diaphragm. The vibrations of the diaphragm, set
in motion by the voice, cause the cylinder to be
indented by the stylus. When the cylinder is again
revolved, the movement of the stylus upon the cylin-
der throws the diaphragm into vibration and repro-
duces the original sounds of the voice.

phonology Jo-nol'-o-je) [phono-; \6yos, science].
The science of vocal sounds; phonetics.

phonomania (Jo-no-ma' -ne-ah) [<povrj, slaughter;
p.avia, madness]. Homicidal mania.

phonomassage (Jo-no-mas-ahzh') [phono-; massage].
Action 'upon the tympanum by sound vibrations
conducted into the auditory canal.

phonometer (fo-nom' -et-er) [phono-; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the in-
tensity of the voice.

phonomyoclonus (Jo-no-mi-ok' -lo-nus) [phono-; fivs,
muscle; k\6vos, tumult]: A condition in which a
sound is heard on auscultation over a muscle, de-
noting fibillary contractions; these latter may be so
fine as to be invisible.

phononosus (fo-non'-o-sus). Synonym of phono-
pathy.

phonopathy Jo-nop' -ath-e) [phono-; iraBos, disease].
Any disorder or disease of the voice.

phonophobia Jo-no Jo' -be-ah) [phono-; <£6/3os, fear].
1. A fear of speaking, in paresthesia of the larynx,
because of the painful sensation produced during
phonation. 2. Morbid dread of any sound or
noise.

phonophore Jo'-nojor) [<j>uvi], sound; <popos, bear-
ing; pi., phonophori]. An auditory ossicle, viewed
as a transmitter of sound. See Paladino's phono-
phore.

phonopneumomassage Jo-no-nu-mo-mas-ahzj')

[phono-; irvtvpa, air; massage]. The exercise of
the muscles, ligaments, and articulating surfaces of
the inner ear by means of an electric apparatus.

phonopsia Jo-nop' -se-ah) [phonfi-; 5i/as, vision].
The perception of color-sensations by auditory
sensations.

phonoscope (fo'-no-skop) [phono-; aKoireiv, to ex-
amine]. A stethoscope for intensifying the tone in
auscultation.

phoria Jo'-re-ah) [<t>opa, motion]. A colloquialism
used to represent one or more of the terms ortho-
phoria, heterophoria, exophoria, esophoria, hyper-
phoria, etc.

phoro- (fo-ro-) [<j>opa, motion]. A prefix meaning
motion.

phoroblast Jor'-o-blast) [tpoptiv, to bear; /SXeurros,
germ]. Connective tissue.

phorocyte (for'-o-slt). A connective- tissue cell.

phorocytosis Jor-o-si-to'-sis). Increase in the
number of connective-tissue cells.

phorometer Jor-om' -et-er) [phoro-; pkrpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for measuring the relative
strength of the ocular muscles.

phorone (jo'-ron), C9H14O. A substance prepared
by saturating acetone with HC1 and permitting it
to stand.

phoro-optometer Jor-o-op-tom' -et-er) [phoro-; 6ttt6s,
visible; ukrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for
optical testing of muscular defects.

phoroplast (for'-o-plast). Connective tissue.

phorotorie Jor'-o-ton) [phoro-; tovos, strength].
An apparatus for exercising the eye-muscles.

phose Joz) [0ws, light]. A subjective sensation
of light or color, as, scotoma scintillans. An aphose
is a subjective sensation of shadow or darkness, as,
muscat volitantes. Centraphoses are aphoses originat-
ing in the optic centers. Centrophoses are phoses
originating in the optic centers. A chromophose is a
subjective sensation of color. Peripher aphoses are
peripheral aphoses. Peripher ophoses are phoses
originating in the peripheral organs of vision (the
optic nerve or eyeball).

phosgen, phosgene Jos'-jen, -jen) [</>«s, light;
yewav, to produce]. Producing light, p. gas,
COCI2, carbonyl chloride; a colorless gas formed
by the action of light on a mixture of carbonic oxide
and chlorine.

phosgenic (fos-jen'-ik) . See photogenic.

phosis Jo-sis'). The formation of a phose.

phosote {f o' -sot). A syrupy liquid, consisting of
creosote, 80 %, and phosphoric anhydride, 20%.
Dose 30 min. (2 Cc.) daily.

phosphagon (fos' -fag-on). Trade name of an elixir
of various glycerophosphates.

phosphate Jos' -fat) [phosphorus]. A salt of phos-
phoric acid. The phosphates are used in medicine
as tonics and alteratives in conditions associated
with malnutrition of the bones (rickets, scrofula).
p., acid, one in which one or two of the hydrogen
atoms only have been replaced by metals, p.,
ammoniomagnesium, a double salt of ammonium
and magnesium and phosphoric acid, p., earthy,
a phosphate of one of the alkaline earths, p.,
normal, one in which the three hydrogen atoms, or
the six of two molecules, are substituted by metals,

PHOSPHATIC

681

PHOTOGRAM

e. g., NasPOi, Ca3(P04)2. p., triple, ammoniomag-
nesium phosphate.

phosphatic (Jos-fat'-ik) [phosphate]. Containing
phosphates; characterized by the excretion of large
amounts of phosphates, as phosphatic diathesis.

phosphatid (fos'-fa-tid) [phosphorus]. Any one of
a large group of phosphorus-compounds found in
brain-substance, and resembling the phosphates;
they are esters of orthophosphoric acid.

phosphatol (Jos'-fat-ol). A thick liquid obtained
by action of phosphorus trichloride on creosote in
an alcoholic solution of soda. It contains 90 % of
creosote; used in tuberculosis.

phosphatometer (Jos-fa-tom' -et-er) . An instrument
for estimating the amount of phosphates in the urine.

phosphatoptosis (fos-fat-o-to'-sis) [phosphate; ittco-
o-ts, a falling]. Spontaneous precipitation of phos-
phates in the urine.

phosphaturia (Jos-fat-u'-re-ah) [phosphate; ovpov,
urine]. A condition in which an excess of phos-
phates is passed in the urine

phosphene (Jos' -fen) [<pus, light; (palveiv, to show].
A subjective luminous sensation caused by pressure
upon the eyeball, p. of accommodation, a phosphene
produced by the effort of accommodation, p.,
pressure. See phosphene.

phosphergot (fos-fer'-got). A mixture of sodium
phosphate and ergot; it is indicated in general
debility.

phospherrin (Jos-fer'-in). A mixture said to consist
of ferric chloride, phosphoric acid, and glycerol.

phosphide (Jos' -fid) [phosphorus]. A compound
of phosphorus and another element or radical acting
as a base. The phosphides are used in medicine as
substitutes for phosphorus.

phosphin (Jos' -fin) [phosphorus]. 1. Hydrogen
phosphide, PH3, a poisonous gas of alliaceous odor.
2. A substitution-compound of PH3, bearing the
same relation to it that an amine does to ammonia.

phosphite (Jos' -fit) [phosphorus]. A salt of phos-
phorous acid.

phospho- (Josjo-) [phosphorus]. A prefix meaning
relating to phosphorus or to its compounds.

phosphoglyceric acid (fos-fo-glis-e'-rik) [phospho-;
y\vKvs, sweet], C3H9PO6. A liquid body obtained
from lecithin.

phosphoglycoproteids (Jos-fo-gli-ko-pro'-te-ids) .

The same as nucleoalbumins.

phosphoguaicol (fos-fo-gwi'-ak-ol). See guaiacol
phosphite.

phosphomolybdic acid (Jos-fo-mol-ib' -dik) [phos-
pho-; molybdenum]. A compound of phosphoric
acid and molybdenum trioxide, used as a test for
alkaloids.

phosphonecrosis, phosphornecrosis (fos-fo-ne-kro'-
sis, fos-for-ne-kro' -sis) . See necrosis, phosphorus-.

phosphonium (fos-fo'-ne-um) [phosphorus]. The
hypothetical univalent radical PHr, it is analogous to
ammonium, NH4.

phosphoprotein (fos-fo-pro'-te-in). A conjugated
protein consisting of a compound of protein with a
phosphorus-containing substance other than nucleic
acid or lecithin.

phosphorated (Jos'-fo-ra-ted) [phosphorus]. Con-
taining phosphorus, p. oil, a one per cent, solution
of phosphorus in expressed oil of almonds, with the
addition of a small quantity of ether.

phosphorescence (fos-for-es'-ens) [phosphorus]. The
spontaneous luminosity of phosphorus and other
substances in the dark.

phosphorescent (fors-fo-es'-ent) [phosphorus]. Pos-
sessing the quality of phosphorescence.

phosphoreted (fos'-for-et-ed) [phosphorus]. Com-
bined with phosphorus.

phosphoric acid (Jos-for'-ik). See acid, phosphoric.

phosphoridrosis, phosphorhidrosis (Jos-for-id-ro'-
sis) [phospho- ; !6pco<m, sweat]. The secretion of phos-
phorescent sweat.

phosphorism (Jos' -for-izm) [phosphorus]. Chronic
phosphorus-poisoning.

phosphorized (Jos'-for-lzd) [phosphorus]. Contain-
ing phosphorus.

phosphorous acid (Jos Jo' -r us). See acid, phos-
phorous.

phosphoruria (Jos-for-u'-re-ah) [phospho-; ovpov,
urine]. 1. Phosphorescence of the urine. 2. Urine
containing an excess of phosphates.

phosphorus (Jos'-for-us) [<pcbt, light; <phpeiv, to bear].
A nonmetallic element having a quantivalence of
III or V, and an atomic weight of 31-04. Symbol P.

In commerce it is prepared from bone-ash or from
sombrerite, an impure calcium phosphate found in
West Indian guano. Phosphorus may be obtained
in several alio tropic forms. Ordinary phosphorus
is a yellowish-white, waxy solid, of a specific gravity
of 1.837; it is exceedingly poisonous; it causes a wide-
spread fatty degeneration, most marked in the liver.
Red or amorphous phosphorus is a dark-red powder,
having a specific gravity of 2.11, insoluble in carbon
disulphide, noninflammable, nonluminous, non-
poisonous. Metallic or rhombohedral phosphorus is
an allotropic form produced by heating phosphorus
in a sealed tube with melted lead. Its specific
gravity is 2.34. Medicinally, phosphorus is used as
an alterative in osteomalacia and in rickets, in sexual
impotence, threatened cerebral degeneration, neural-
gia, chronic alcoholism, morphinomania, furunculosis,
etc. Dose rJw gr. (0.00065 Gm.). p., pills of (pilulce
phosphori, U. S. P.). Dose 1 pill. p. trichloride,
PCI3, a colorless liquid of unpleasant odor.

phosphotal Jos'-fo-tal). Creosote phosphite. See
phosphatol.

phosphotungstic acid (Josjo-tung'-stik). A crystal-
line compound of phosphoric and tungstic acids,
used as a test for alkaloids and peptones.

phosphuret (fos'-fu-ret) [phosphorus]. A phosphide.

phosphureted, phosphuretted (Jos'-fu-ret-ed). Syn-
onym of phosphoreted.

phosphuria (Jos-fu'-re-ah). Synonym of phos-
phaturia.

phossy jaw (Jos'-e) . See jaw, phossy.

photalgia (Jo-tal'-je-ah) [photo-; 0X705, pain].
Pain arising from too great intensity of light.

photaugiophobia (fo-taw-je-o-fo'-be-ah) [photo-;
avyij, glare; <j>o(i6s, fear]. A shrinking from the
glare of light.

phote (Jot) [photo-]. The unit of photochemical
energy employed in connection with determination of
the solidity of colors to average solar light at noon.

photesthesia, photaesthesia (Jo-tes-the'-ze-ah)
[photo-; aio-drio-Ls, sensation]. 1. Sensitiveness to
light. 2. Photophobia.

photic (Jo'-tik) [photo-]. Relating to light.

photism (Jo'-tizm) [<poiTLo-fi6s, an enlightening].
A sensation, as of color or light, produced by hearing,
taste, smell, touch, or temperature, or even by the
thought of some object, person, or general conception.
Cf. phonism.

photo- (Jo-to-) [4>u>s, light]. A prefix denoting
relation to light.

photoactinic (fo-to-ak-tin'-ik). Emitting both
luminous and actinic rays.

photobacterium (Jo-to-bak-te'-re-um). A genus or
form of bacteria whose cultures are phosphorescent.

photobiotic (Jo-to-bi-of -ik) [photo-; (Uos, life].
Living in the light exclusively.

photocampsis (Jo-to-kamp'-sis) [photo-; Kap\pvs,
a bending]. Refraction of light.

photochemical (Jo-to-kem'-ik-al) [photo-; chemical].
Pertaining to the chemical action of light.

photochemistry (Jo-to-kem'-is-tre). That branch
of chemistry treating of the chemical action of light.

photochromatic (Jo-to-kro-mat'-ik) [photo-; xp&na-.
color]. Pertaining to colored light, p. treatment,
treatment of disease by colored light.

photodynamic (Jo-to-di-nam' -ik) [photo-; Svvafas,
power]. Pertaining to the energy of light.

photodysphoria (Jo-to-dis-fo'-re-ah) [photo-; Sva-
<j>opia, excessive pain]. Intolerance of light; photo-
phobia.

photoelectricity (Jo-to-e-lek-tris'-it-e). Electricity
produced under the influence of light.

photoelement (fo-to-el' -e-ment) . The element of
a galvanic battery which by decomposition gives
photoelectricity.

photofluoroscope (Jo-to-floo'-o-ro-skdp). See fluoro-
scope.

photogene (Jo'-lo-jen) [photo-; yewav, to produce].
1. A retinal impression; an after-image. 2. A
liquid derived from bituminous shale.

photogenesis (Jo-to-jen'-e-sis) [photo-; yewav, to
produce]. The production of light or of phosphores-
cence.

photogenic (Jo-to- j en' -ik) [see photogene]. Light-
producing.

photogenous (Jo-toj'-en-us) [photo-; yev-fis, pro-
ducing]. Producing light.

photogram (fo'-to-gram) [photo-; ypap.p,a, a writing].
A photographic representation of an enlargement
obtained by the microscope.

PHOTOGRAPHY

682

PHRENOGRAPH

photography (fo-tog'-ra-fe) [photo-; yptupeiv, to
write]. The art of producing an image of an object
(photograph) by throwing the rays of light reflected
from it upon a surface coated with a film of a sub-
stance, such as a silver salt, that is readily decomposed
by light, subsequently treating the film with certain
agents (developers) that bring out the image, and
then dissolving the salt unacted upon by the light.

photohemotachometer, photohaemotachometer (fo-
to-hem-o-tak-om'-et-er) [photo-; alp.a, blood; rdxos,
swiftness; p.krpov, a measure]. A hemotachometer in
which the changes in level of the column of blood
are photographed.

photokinetic (fcto-kin-et'-ik) [photo-; kivvtlkos,
causing movement]. Causing movement by means
of light.

photolysis (fo-tol'-is-is) [photolyte]. Decomposition
by the action of light.

photolyte (fo' -to-lit) [photo-; \veiv, to loosen].
A substance that is decomposed by the action of
light.

photomagnetism (Jo-to-mag'-net-izm) [photo-; mag-
netism]. Magnetism produced by the action of
light.

photomania (fo-to-ma'-ne-ah) [photo-; navLa, mad-
ness], i. The increase of maniacal symptoms under
the influence of light. 2. A morbid desire for light.

photometer (fo-tom'-et-er) [photo-; p.krpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for measuring the intensity of
light.

photometry (fo-tom'-et-re) [see photometer]. The
measurement of the intensity of light.

photomicrograph (fo-to-mi'-kro-graf). A photo-
graph of a small or microscopic object, usually made
with the aid of a microscope, and of sufficient size
for observation with the naked eye. Cf. micro-
photograph.

photomicrography (fo-to-mi-krog'-ra-fe) [photomi-
crograph]. The art of producing photomicrographs.

photonosus ( f o-ton' -o-sus) [photo-; vboos, disease].
A diseased condition arising from continued exposure
to intense or glaring light, e. g., snow-blindness, etc.

photoparesthesia (fo-to-par-es-the'-ze-ah) [photo- ;
irapd, beside; al<r9r)cns, sensation]. Defective, or
perverted, retinal sensibility.

photophilic (fo-to-fil'-ik) [photo-; <pi\eli>, to love].
Seeking or loving light.

photophobia (fo-to-fo'-be-ah) [photo-; <£6/3os, fear].
Intolerance of light.

photophobic (fo-to-fo'-bik) [photo-; <f>60os, fear].
Affected with, or pertaining to, photophobia.

photophone (fo'-to-fon) [photo-; (pwvrj, sound].
An apparatus for the graphic representation of the
character of sound-waves by means of flames.

photophore (fo'-to-for) [photo-; <pepeu>, to bear].
An instrument for examination of the cavities of the
body by means of the electric light.

photopsia (jo-top' -se-ah) [photo-; 6^is, sight].
Subjective sensations of sparks or flashes of light
occurring in certain morbid conditions of the optic
nerve, the retina, or the brain.

photoptic (fo-top'-tik) [photopsia]. Relating to
photopsia.

photoptometer (fo-top-tom'-et-er) [photo-; &\p, eye;
p-erpoy, a measure]. An instrument for determining
visual acuity.

photoptometry (fo-top-tom'-et-re) [photo-; W, eye;
fjtkrpov, measure]. The measurement of the per-
ception of light.

photoradiometer (fo-to-ra-de-om'-et-er). An instru-
ment for the measurement of the quantity of X-rays
passing through a given surface.

photoscope (fo-to'-skop) [photo-; anoirelv, to view].
1. A fluoroscopy 2. An instrument used in in-
specting the antrum of Highmore as regards the
translucency of its walls.

photoscopy (fo-tos'-ko-pe) [photo-; tricoireZv, to view].
The same as skiascopy.

photoskioptic (fo-to-ski-op'-tik) [photo-; aula, shad-
ow; otttikos, pertaining to sight]. Skiagraphic.

photosyntax (fo-to-sin'-taks) [photo-; awTaaaeZv,
to arrange]. The process of the manufacture of
carbohydrates by plants.

photosynthesis (fo-to-sin' -thesis) [photo-; obvQtavs,
putting together]. The building up of an organic
compound by the action of light through the agency
of chlorophyll, considered to be due to a soluble
ferment, the chlorophyll acting simply as a chemical
screen or sensibilizer.

phototachometer (fo-to-tak-om'-et-ur) [photo- ; raxos.

speed; pkrpov, measure]. An apparatus for deter-
mining the velocity of light rays.

phototactic (fo-to-tak'-tik). Pertaining to photo-
taxis.

phototaxis (fo-to-taks'-is) [photo-; rd£is, arrange-
ment]. Same as phototropism. See tropism.

phototherapy (fo-to-ther'-ap-e) [photo-; Oepairela,
treatment]. 1. The treatment of disease by light.
2. Finsen's light-treatment: the treatment of skin
diseases by the application of the concentrated chem-
ic rays (blue, violet, and ultraviolet) of light. 3.
The treatment of smallpox by red light.

phototonus (fo-tot'-o-nus) [photo-; tow, tension].
In biology, a condition of increased vital irritability
or motility due to exposure to light, in contrast
with the rigidity or quiescence produced by dark-
ness.

phototropism (fo-tot'-ro-pizm) [photo-; rpdiros, a
turning]. See tropism.

photoxylin, photoxylon (fo-toks'-il-in, fo-toks' -il-on)
[photo-; £b\ov, wood]. A substance produced from
wood-pulp by the action of sulphuric acid and
potassium nitrate. It serves as a substitute for
collodion in minor surgery, and as a medium for
mounting microscopic specimens.

photuria (fo-tu'-re-ah) [photo-; ovpov, urine]. The
passage of phosphorescent urine.

Phragmidiothrix (frag-mid'-i-o-thriks) [<ppay^6s,
a fence; 0pi'£, hair]. A genus of bacteria belonging
to the Chlamidobacteriacece ; filaments unbranched;
divisions in three directions; sheath scarcely visible.
Cf. leptothrix; cladothrix; crenothrix.

phren (fren) [<ppi)v, the mind, also the diaphragm].
1. The diaphragm. 2. Mind.

phrenalgia (fren-al'-je-ah) [phren; &\yos, pain].
1. Melancholia; psychalgia. 2. Neuralgia of the
diaphragm.

phrenasthenia (fren-as-the'-ne-ah) [phreno-; &ade-
veia, weakness]. 1. Paresis of the diaphragm. 2. Con-
genital mental weakness.

phrenasthenic (fr en-as-then' -ik). 1. Relating to
phrenasthenia; idiotic, imbecile. 2. A feeble-minded
person.

phrenasthesia (fren-as-the'-ze-ah). Idiocy.

phrenatrophia (fren-at-ro'-fe-ah) [phreno-; atrophy].
Atrophy of the brain; idiocy.

phrenauxe (fren-awks'-e) [phren; aii^r}, enlarge-
ment]. Hypertrophy of the substance of the brain.

phrenesiac (fren-e'-ze-ak) [phreno-]. One who is
affected with phrenesis; an insane person!

phrenesis (fren-e'-sis) [4>pkvr)<ns, insanity]. Frenzy;
delirium; insanity.

phrenetic (fren-et'-ik) [phren]. Maniacal; delirious.

phrenic (fren'-ik) [phren]. 1. Pertaining to the
diaphragm, as phrenic nerve, phrenic artery. 2. Per-
taining to the mind.

phrenicocolic (fren-ik-o-kol'-ik). Same as phreno-
colic.

phrenicogastric (fren-ik-o-gas'-trik). Same as
phrenogastric.

phrenicosplenic (fren-ik-o-splen'-ik). Same as
phrenosplenic.

phrenicotomy (fren-ik-ot'-o-me) [phren; tow, a
cutting]. Section of a phrenic nerve.

phrenitic ( fr en-it' -ik). Pertaining to, or affected
with phrenitis. 2. Relating to the mind.

phrenitis (fren-i'-tis) [phren; ins, inflammation].
1. Inflammation of the brain. 2. Inflammation of
the diaphragm. 3. Acute delirium.

phreno- (phren-o-). [phren]. A prefix meaning
relating either to the mind or to the diaphragm.

phrenoblabia (fren-o-bla'-be-ah) [phreno-; (tXafiri,
hurt]. Any disorder of the mind.

phrenocolic (fren-o-kol'-ik) [phreno-; colon]. Per-
taining to the diaphragm and the colon.

phrenocolopexy (fren-o-ko'-lo-peks-e) [phreno- ;
colon; Trials, fixation]. The operation of suturing a
prolapsed or displaced colon to the diaphragm.

phrenocostal (fren-o-kos'-tal) [phreno-; costa, rib].
Pertaining to the diaphragm and the ribs.

phrenogastric (fren-o-gas'-trik) [phreno-; yaarr/p,
stomach]. Pertaining conjointly to the stomach and
the diaphragm.

phrenoglottic (fren-o-glol'-ik). Pertaining to the
diaphragm and the glottis.

phrenoglottismus (fren-o-glot-iz'-mus). Spasm of
the glottis ascribed to disease of the diaphragm.

phrenograph (fren'-o-graf) [phreno-; ypafaiv, to
write]. An instrument for registering the move-
ments of the diaphragm.

PHRENOHEPATIC

683

PHYSIC

phrenohepatic (fren-o-hep-at'-ik) [phreno-; rfirap,
liver]. Pertaining to the diaphragm and the liver.

phrenolepsia (fren-o-lep'-se-ah) [phreno-; X^r/as,
seizure]. Insanity.

phrenologist (fren-ol'-o-jist). One versed in
phrenology.

phrenology (fren-ol'-o-je) [phreno-; Xoyos, science].
The theory that the various faculties of the mind
occupy distinct and separate areas in the brain-
cortex, and that the predominance of certain facul-
ties can be predicted from modifications of the parts
of the skull overlying the areas where these faculties
are located.

phrenoparalysis (fren-o-par-al'-is-is). See phreno-
plegia.

phrenopath (Jren'-o-path) [phreno-; iraBos, disease].
One who devotes himself to phrenopathy; an alienist.

phrenopathy (Jr en-op' -ath-e) [phreno-; waBos, dis-
ease]. Mental disease.

phrenoplegia (fren-o-ple'-je-ah) [phreno-; -rr\r)yn,
stroke], i. A sudden failure of mental power.
2. Paralysis of the diaphragm.

phrenoptosis (fren-op-to' -sis) [phreno-; tttoxtis,
falling]. Prolapse of the diaphragm.

phrenosin (fren'-o-sin) [phren], A nitrogenous
body obtained from brain tissue.

phrenosplenic (fren-o-splen'-ik) [phreno-; spleen].
Pertaining to the diaphragm and the spleen.

phricasmus (frik-az'-mus) [<ppUrj, shivering]. Goose-
skin.

phronemophobia (fron-e-mo-fo'-be-ah) [<pp6vqp.a, a
thought; 060os, fear]. Morbid dread of thinking.

phronesis (fron-e'-sis) [<ppoveZi>, to think]. Sound-
ness of mind, or of judgment.

phrynin (frin'-in). A substance from the skin of
the toad. See bufidine.

phrynolysin (Jrin-oV -is-iri) [<f>pwr], a toad; Xwm,
a solution]. The lysin or toxin of the fire toad,
Bombinator igneus; it is hemolytic for the blood of
various animals, and is destroyed by digestive
ferments, by alkalies or by heating to 500 C.

phthalate {thai' -at). Any salt of phthalic acid.

phthalic acid (thal'-ik) [from naphthalene], CsHeO^
A crystalline substance derived from naphthalene.

phtheiriasis, phthiriasis (thi-ri'-as-is). See pedicu-
losis.

phthinoid (thi'-noid) [phthisis; elSos, likeness].
Having tuberculous characteristics.

phthiremia, phthirsemia (thi-re'-me-ah) [(frdeLpeiv,
to corrupt; alp.a, blood]. A depraved state of the
blood, with diminished plasticity.

Phthirius (thi'-re-us) [<t>0elp, a louse]. A genus of
Pediculidce or true lice. P. inguinalis, pediculus
pubis.

phthisic (tiz'-ik) [phthisis]. 1. Affected with or of
the nature of phthisis. 2. A person affected with
phthisis.

phthisical (iiz-ik'-al) [<pdiais, a wasting]. 1. Per-
taining to or affected with phthisis or tuberculosis.
2. Popularly, same as asthmatic, p. frame, p.
habit, a long, narrow flat chest, with depressed
sternum, acute costal angle, a fair, transparent skin,
light complexion, blue eyes, winged scapulae, slender
limbs. As to internal organs, the heart is relatively
small, the arteries narrow, the pulmonary artery
relatively wider than the aorta, and the lung-volume
rather large.

phthisin (tiz'-in). A proprietary preparation of
the bronchial glands of animals; used in diseases of
the lungs.

phthisiogenesis (tiz-e-o-jen'-es-is) [<t>6l<ns, wasting;
ykvtffis, genesis]. The production of phthisis or
wasting.

phthisiology (tiz-e-ol'-o-je) [phthisis; Xoyos, sci-
ence]. The study or science of phthisis or tubercu-
losis; its causes, pathology, hygiene, and therapeutics.

phthisiophobia (liz-e-o-fo' -be-ah) [phthisis; <£6/Sos,
dread]. Morbids dread of pulmonary consumption
or tuberculosis.

phthisiotherapy (tiz-e-o-ther'-ap-e) [phthisis; Oepa-
ireia, therapy]. Therapeutic measures for the cure
of pulmonary tuberculosis.

phthisis (ti'-sis or thi'-sis) [4>BUiv, to waste], r. A
wasting away or consumption. 2. Any disease
characterized by emaciation and loss of strength,
especially pulmonary tuberculosis. 3- Asthma, p.
bulbi, shrinking of the eyeball, p., fibroid. 1. In-
terstitial pneumonia. 2. Chronic tuberculosis of
the lungs attended with the formation of fibrous
tissue, which contracts, causes shrinking of the

affected part, and sometimes bronchiectasis by trac-
tion on the bronchi, p. florida, an acute, rapidly
fatal pulmonary tuberculosis. Syn., galloping con-
sumption, p., glandular, tuberculosis of the lymph-
atic glands, p., hepatic, tuberculosis of the liver.
p., laryngeal, tuberculosis of the larynx, p., nodosa,
miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, p. pancreatica,
emaciation and cachexia from disease of the pancreas.
p., phlegmatic, phthisis without loss of flesh, p.,
pulmonary. 1. Tuberculosis of the lung. 2. Any
one of a variety of interstitial pneumonias, such as
grinder's phthisis, miner's phthisis, stone-cutter's
phthisis, etc. p., tuberculous, that due to the bacillus
of tuberculosis, p. ventriculi, atrophy of the mucous
membrane and thinning of the coats of the stomach.

phthisopyrin (tiz-o-pi'-rin). A proprietary remedy
consisting of sodium arsenate, aspirin, and camphoric
acid, used in the treatment of tuberculosis.

phthora (tho'-rah) [<pdopa, decomposition]. 1. Cor-
ruption. 2. Synonym of the plague. 3. Abortion.

phycochrome (fi'-ko-krom) [<pvx.os, seaweed; xp<*>Ma,
color]. The complex blue-green pigment that masks
the pure green of the chlorophyl in certain Algae,
{Cyanophycece). It is composed of phycocyanin,
scytonemin, etc.

phycocyanin (fi-ko-si'-an-in) [<j>vkos, seaweed; Kvavbs,
blue]. In biology, a beautiful blue pigment, charac-
teristic of the Cyanophycece among Alga.

Phycomycetes (fi-ko-mi-se'-tez) [<j>vkos, seaweed;
p.vkt)s, fungus]. An order of fungi, with a one-celled
thallus which becomes septate only during sporula-
tion.

phygogalactic (fi-go-gal-ak'-tik) [<pvyelv, to avoid;
yaXa, milk], i. Stopping the secretion of milk.
2. An agent that checks the secretion of milk.

phylacogen (fi-lak'-o-jen) [<£6Xa£, a guard]. Trade
name of a modified vaccine.

phylaxin (fi-laks'-in) [<pv\a£, a guardian]. A
defensive proteid found in animals that have acquired
an artificial immunity to a given infectious disease.
The phylaxins are of two varieties: one having the
power to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, called
mycophylaxin ; one that counteracts the poisons of
the microorganisms, called toxophylaxin.

phyletic (fi-let'-ik) [<pv\oi>, a tribe]. Pertaining to
phylogenesis.

phylogenesis, phylogeny (fi-lo-gen'-es-is, fi-loj'-en-e)
[<pv\ov, a tribe; yevvav, to beget]. The evolution
of a group or species of animals or plants from the
simplest form; the evolution of the species, as dis-
tinguished from ontogeny, the evolution of the indi-
vidual.

phylogenetic (fi-lo-jen-et'-ik) [phylogenesis]. Per-
taining to phylogenesis.

phylum (fi'-lum) [<f>y\oi', a tribe; pi., phyla]. In
biology, a primary division of the animal or vegetable
kingdom.

phyma (fi'-mah) [<pvp.a, a growth]. 1. Formerly,
any one of a variety of swellings of the skin. 2. A
localized plastic exudate larger than a tubercle; a
circumscribed swelling of the skin.

phymatiasis (fi-mat-i'-as-is). Same as tuberculosis.

phymatoid (fi'-mat-oid) [phyma; tldos, like]. Re-
sembling a phyma or tubercle.

phymatorhusin (fi-mat-or-oo'-sin) . A pigment found
in the metastatic deposits of a melanotic sarcoma of
the skin. It contains sulphur, is insoluble in alcohol,
in water, and in ether, but dissolves readily in am-
monia, and in alkaline carbonates. It is free from
iron.

phymatosis (fi-mat-o'-sis) [phyma]. 1. Any disease
characterized by the formation of phymata or
nodules. 2. Tuberculosis.

phyraliphore (fi-ral'-if-or). A cavity containing
vesicles produced in endogenous cell-formation.

physalides (fis-al'-id-ez). Plural of physalis.

physaliphorous (fis-al-if'-or-us) [<pvaa\\ls, a bladder;
<t>epeiv, to bear]. Furnished with vesicles or bladders;
relating to or containing physaliphores.

physalis (fis'-al-is) fauo-aXXis, a bladder]. A large
giant epithelial cell of giant-cell carcinoma.

physconia (fis-ko'-ne-ah) [<}>v<tkwv, paunch]. Any
abdominal enlargement, especially from tympanites.
p. adiposa, corpulency, p. aquosa, ascites, p.
biliosa, distention of the gall-bladder, p. mesenten-
ca. Synonym of tabes mesenterica.

physiatrics (fiz-e-af -riks) [<j>vcris, nature; larpela,
treatment]. The power of nature in curing disease:
vis medicatrix naturae.

physic (fiz'-ik) [<j>0<ns, nature]. 1. The science of

PHYSICAL

684

PHYTOSTERIN

medicine. 2. A medicine, especially a cathartic.
3. To administer medicines; also to purge.

physical (fiz'-ik-al) [see physic]. 1. Pertaining to
nature; also pertaining to the body or material things.
2. Pertaining to physics, p. diagnosis, the investi-
gation of disease by direct aid of the senses, sight,
touch, and hearing, p. examination, examination of
the patient's body to determine the condition of the
various organs and parts, p. signs, the phenomena
observed on inspection, palpation, percussion, aus-
cultation, mensuration, or combinations of these
methods. .

physician (fiz-ish'-an) [<pv<ns, nature]. One who
practises medicine.

physicist (fiz'-is-ist). 1. One skilled in physics.
2. One who holds that vital phenomena are purely
physical and chemical.

Physick's encysted rectum (fiz'-ik) [Philip Syng
Physick, American surgeon, 1768-1837]. Hyper-
trophic dilatation of the rectal pouches.

physicochemical (fiz-ik-o-kem' -ik-al) [<j>vais, nature;
chemic]. Pertaining to both physics and chemistry.

physics (fiz'-iks) fauo-is, nature]. The science of
nature, especially that treating of the properties of
matter and of the forces governing it.

physinosis (fiz-in-o'-sis) [<j>v(ns, nature; voa-os,
disease]. Any disease due to physical causes.

physiobathmism (fiz-e-o-bath'-mizm) . Inherited
growth-energy which has been interfered with by
physical energy.

physiognomy (fiz-e-og'-no-me) fawns, nature; yvus^-q,
knowledge]. 1. The science treating of the methods
of determining character by a study of the face.
2. The countenance.

physiologic, physiological (fiz-e-o-loj'-ik, -al) [physi-
ology]. 1. Pertaining to physiology. 2. Pertaining
to natural or normal processes, as opposed to those
that are pathological, p. antidote, an antidote that
neutralizes a poison by effects on the system that
are antagonistic to those of the poison, p. unit.
See unit, physiological.

physiologist (fiz-e-ol'-o-jist) [physiology]. One
versed in physiology.

physiology (fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [<j>v(tls, nature; X670J,
science]. The science that treats of the functions of
organic beings, as distinguished from morphology,
etc. p., animal, the physiology of animals, p.,
cellular, the physiology of cells, p., comparative,
the comparative study of the physiology of different
animals and plants, p., morbid, the study of diseased
functions or of functions modified by disease. p.,
pathogenetic, p., pathological, pathology, p., special,
the physiology of special organs, p. vegetable,
the physiology of plants.

physiolysis (fiz-e-oV -is-is) fawns, nature; Xueii', to
dissolve]. The disintegration of dead tissue by
natural processes.

physiomedicalism (fiz-e-o-med'-ik-al-izm) fawns,
nature; medicari, to heal]. The professed use of
natural remedies only, poisons and minerals being
rejected.

physiopathology (fiz-e-o-path-ol'-o-je). The study
of function as affected by disease.

physiotherapy (fiz-e-o-ther'-ap-e). See physiatrics,
physiautotherapia.

physique (fiz-ek') [Fr.]. Physical structure or
organization.

physocele (fi'-so-sel) fawra, air; K17X77, tumor].
1. A swelling containing air or gas. 2. Emphysema
of the scrotum ; a hernia filled with flatus.

physocephalus (fi-so-sef -al-us) [(pvaa, air; Ke<pa\r],
head]. Emphysematous swelling of the head.

physohematometra (fi-so-hem-at-o-me'-trah) [<pv<ra,
air; alp-a, blood; mrpo., uterus]. An accumulation of
gas, or air, and blood in the uterus, as in decomposi-
tion of retained menses, or placental tissue.

physohydrometra (fi-so-hi-dro-me'-trah) fawra, air;
hydrometra]. An accumulation of gas and water in
the uterus.

physometra {fi-so-me'-trah) [<pvaa, air; unrpa,
uterus]. A distention of the uterus with gas.

physoncus (fi-song'-kus) [<pvaa, air; oynos, tumor].
A swelling due to the presence of air.

physoscheocele (fi-sos' -ke-o-sel) [<pvcra, air; <t>ox*ov,
scrotum; idfk-q, tumor]. Emphysema of the scrotum.

physospasmus (fi-so-spaz'-mus) [<pvaa, air, flatus;
airao-fxos, spasm]. Flatulent colic.

physostigma (fi-so-stig'-mah) fawra, air; stigma].
Calabar bean; ordeal-nut. The seed of Physostigma
venenosum, of the natural order Leguminosce, which is

used by the natives of Africa as an ordeal poison.
It contains two alkaloids — eserine or physostigmine
and calabarine. It acts as general depressant, pro-
ducing motor paralysis, and in poisonous doses caus-
ing death by paralysis of the respiration. It is a
miotic, and in small doses stimulates the heart and
intestinal peristalsis. In medicine it is employed as
a motor depressant in tetanus and other spasms; as
a stimulant in intestinal atony and dilatation, in asthma
and emphysema, p., extract of (extr actum physos-
tigmatis, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose |-J gr. (0.008-0.016
Gm.)., p. tincture of (tinctura physostigmatis, U. S.
P.). Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc).

physostigmine (fi-so-stig' -men) [physostigma], C15-
H21N3O2. An alkaloid found in the seed of Physostig-
ma venenosum, Calabar bean. It is used in traumatic
tetanus, tonic convulsions, strychnine poisoning,
neuralgia, muscular rheumatism; chronic bronchitis,
etc. Dose tj^o-B(T gr- (0.0003-0.001 Gm.); maximum
dose -gs gr. (0.001 Gm.), single. Syn., eserine. p.
salicylate (physostigmince salicylas, U. S. P.), eserine
salicylate, is used internally in doses of -^ gr. (0.0008
Gm.), but its chief use is for instillation into the eye
as a miotic in conditions of mydriasis, and to lessen
intraocular tension in glaucoma. It is used in these
conditions in solution of the strength of from one to
two grains to the ounce, p. sulphate (physostigmince
sulphas, U. S. P.), eserine sulphate, is used in the
same manner as the salicylate. '

physostol (fi-sos'-tol). A one per cent, sterilized
solution of physostigmine in olive oil, sold in sealed
tubes containing five grammes.

phytalbumose (fi-taV -bu-mos) [(pvrbv, a plant;
albumose], A vegetable albumose.

phytin (fi'-tin). The potassium magnesium salt
of inosit-phosphoric acid. It is found in a phosphorus
compound contained in the seeds of plants.

phyto- (fi-to-) [<t>vTbv, a plant]. A prefix signifying
relations to plants.

phytobezoar (fi-to-be'-zor) [phyto-; bezoar]. A hair-
ball or ball of vegetable fiber sometimes found in the
stomach.

phytochemistry (fi-to-kem'-is-tre) [phyto-; chemistry].
Vegetable chemistry.

phytogenesis ( fi-to- j en' -es-is) [phyto-; genesis].
The science of the origin and development of plants.

phytogenetic (fi-to-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to phy-
togenesis.

phytogenous (fi-toj'-en-us) [see phytogenesis]. Pro-
duced by plants.

phytogeny (fi-toj'-en-e). Same as phytogenesis.

phytoid (fi'-toid) [phyto-; etSos, like]. Plant-like;
e. g., certain animals and organs.

Phytolacca (fi-to-lak'-ah) [phyto-; lacca, lac]. The
dried root of P. decandra, a plant of the natural order
Phytolaccacece. It is emetocathartic and slightly
narcotic, and has been used in rheumatism and locally
in granular conjunctivitis and parasitic skin diseases.
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-1.9 Gm.). p. fluid-extract of
(fiuidextr actum phytolaccce, TJ. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min.
(0.32-1.9 Cc).

phytolaccin (fi-to-lak'-sin) [phyto-; lacca, lac]. A
resinoid, or the precipitate from a tincture of the root
of Phytolacca decandra. It is alterative, anti-syphil-
itic, laxative, etc. Dose 1 to 3 grains.

phytolin (fi'-tol-in). A proprietary liquid said to
be prepared from berries of Phytolacca decandra, used
in obesity.

phytomelin (fi-tom'-el-in). See rutin.

phytoparasite (fi-to-par' -as-it) [phyto-; parasite]. A
vegetable parasite.

phytopathogenic (fi-to-path-o-jen'-ik) [phyto-; irados,
disease; yewav, to produce]. Causing disease, in
plants.

phytopathology (fi-to-path-ol'-o-je) (phyto-; path-
ology]. 1. The science of diseases of plants. 2. The
science of diseases due to vegetable organisms.

phytoplasm (fi'-to-plazm) [phyto-; plasma]. Vege-
table protoplasm.

phytoprecipitin (fi-to-pre-sip' -it-in) . A precipitin
produced by immunization with albumin of vegetable
origin.

phytosis (fi-to' -sis) [phyto-; voaos, disease: pi.,
phytoses]. 1. Any disease due to the presence of
vegetable parasites. 2. The production of disease by
vegetable parasites. 3- The presence of vegetable
parasites.

phytosterin (fi-tos'-ier-in) [phyto-; areap, fat]. A
fat-like substance, similar to cholesterin, present in
plant-seeds and sprouts.

PHYTOSYNTAX

685

PIGMENT

phytosyntax (fi-to-sin'-taks) [phyto-; avvrdaaeiv, to
put together]. A term designating the process of
formation of complex carbon compounds out of
simple ones under the influence of light. Cf. photo-
synthesis.

phytotoxin (fi-to-toks'-in) [phyto-; toxin]. A toxin
derived from a plant, such as abrin, ricin and crotin.

phytovitellin (fi-to-vit-el'-in) [phyto-; vitellus, yolk].
A vegetable albumin resembling vitellin.

phytoxylin (fi-toks'-il-in) [phyto-; £u\ov, wood]. A
substance resembling pyroxylin.

phytozoon (fi-to-zo'-on) [phyto-; $a>ov, animal].
A plant-like animal; a zoophyte.

pia, pia mater (pi-a ma'-ter) [L., "kind or tender
mother"]. The vascular membrane enveloping the
surface of the brain and spinal cord, and consisting of
a plexus of blood-vessels held in a fine areolar tissue.
p. m. encephali, the pia mater of the brain, p. m.
spinalis, the pia mater of the spinal cord.

pia-arachnitis (pi-ah-ar-ak-ni'-tis). See piarach-
nitis.

pia-arachnoid (pi-ah-ar-ak'-noid). See piarachnoid.

pial (pi'-al) [pia]. Pertaining to the pia.

pialyn (pi'-al-in) [iriap, fat; \veiv, to split up, or
decompose]. See steapsin.

piamatral (pi'-ah-md'-tral). See pial.

pian (pi' -an). See frambesia.

piano-player's cramp. A painful spasm of the
muscles occurring in piano-players as the result of
overuse of the muscles in playing; a form of occupation
neurosis.

piarachnitis (pi-ah-rak-ni'-tis) [piarachnoid; ms,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the piarachnoid.
Syn., leptomeningitis.

piarchnoid (pi-ah-rak'-noid) [pia; arachnoid]. The
pia and arachnoid considered as one structure.

piarolytic (pi-ar-o-lit'-ik) [wiap, fat; Xdtikos, dis-
solving]. Forming emulsions with fat.

piarrhemia, piarrhcemia (pi-ar-e'-me-ah) [map, fat;
alfia, blood]. See lipemia.

Piazza's fluid (pe-az'-ah). Sodium chloride and
ferric chloride, each, i Gm.; water, 4 Cc. It is used
as a means of coagulating blood.

pica (pi'-kah) [L., "magpie"]. A craving for un-
natural and strange articles of food; a symptom
present in certain forms of insanity, hysteria, and
chlorosis, and during pregnancy.

Picea (pis'-e-ah) [L., "the pitch-pine"]. A genus
of coniferous trees. P. alba is the white spruce. P.
excelsa, or P. vulgaris, the common fir or pitch-pine,
yields resin and turpentine. P. nigra is the black
spruce.

picein (pis'-e-in) [picea], H18O7H2O. A glucoside
from the leaves of the Norway spruce, Picea excelsa.

piceol (pi'-se-ol). A decomposition product of
picein, by action of emulsion.

piceous (pis'-e-us) [pix, pitch]. Resembling pitch.

pichi (pe'-che) [native Chilean]. The stems and
leaves of Fabiana imbricala, growing in Chile. It is
a terebinthin having tonic properties, and is of repute
in the treatment of catarrhal inflammations of the
genito-urinary tract. Dose of the fld.ext. 5i ; of the
extract gr. v-x.

Pick's bundle (pik). An anomalous bundle of
nerve-fibers in the oblongata connected with the
pyramidal tract. P.'s disease, pseudocirrhosis of
the liver, met occasionally as a complication of ad-
hesive pericarditis.

picoline (pik'-o-len) [picea; oleum, oil], C6H7N.
Methylpyridine, a liquid obtained by distillation from
coal-tar.

picotement (pe-kot-mon(g) [Fr.]. A pricking sen-
sation; tingling; formication.

Picraena (pik-re'-nah) [tukpoj, bitter]. A genus of
the Simarubea, indigenous to the West Indes. P.
excelsa furnishes Jamaica quassia. P. vellozii, quina
quassia, is a Brazilian species; the bark is used in
dyspepsia and in intermittent fever.

picramic acid (pik-ram'-ik) [iracpos, bitter; amine],
C6H5N3O5. Picric, acid in which one NO2 radical has
been replaced by NH2.

picramin (pik-ram'-in). A synonym of amarin.
Picramnia (pik-ram'-ne-ah) [iriKpfc, bitter; danvos,
shrub]. A genus of the Simarubce. P. pentandra,
of the West Indes, furnishes a bitter tonic. The bark
of the root and stem ( Honduras bark) is used in colic
syphilis, and cholera.

Picrasma (pik-raz'-mah) [wlkp&s, bitter]. A genus
of the Simarubea. The bark of P. javanica, of Java,
and of P. quassoides, of India, is used as an antipyre-

tic, and the wood as a substitute for quassia; the wood
contains quassin.

picrate (pik' -rat) [picric acid]. A salt of picric acid.
picratol (pik'-rat-ol). See silver trinitrophenolate.
picric acid (pik'-rik) [iwcpfc, bitter]. See acid,
picric, p.-acid test. See Braun's reaction for glu-
cose.

picrin (pik'-rin) [ttlkpos, bitter]. A bitter substance
from digitalis. Dose, i~| gr. (0.016-0.033 gm).

picroaniline (pik-ro-an'-il-in). A histologic stain
consisting of a mixture of saturated solutions of picric
acid and aniline-blue.

picrocarmine (pik-ro-kar'-min) [irucpos, bitter;
carmine]. A preparation for staining specimens for
the microscope. Its composition is as follows: car-
mine, 1; ammonia, 5; distilled water, 50 parts. After
solution 50 parts of a saturated watery solution of
picric acid are added, and the mixture allowed to
stand in a wide-mouthed bottle until the ammonia
has evaporated. It is then filtered.

picroformal (pik-ro-form'-al). A fixing agent con-
sisting of a mixture of a saturated solution of picric
acid and a 6% aqueous solution of formal.

picroglycin, picroglycion (pik-ro-gW -sin, pik-ro-gli'-
se-on) [iriKpbs, bitter; yXvKvs, sweet]. A crystalline,
bitter substance, found in Solanum dulcamara. It
may be impure solanine.

picrol (pik'-rol), CsHLKOH^SOsK. A white, odor-
less powder containing 52% of iodine; soluble in al-
cohol and ether; used as a wound antiseptic. Syn.,
potassium diiodoresorcin-monosulphate.

picromel (pik'-ro-mel) [iriKpos, bitter; p.k\i, honey].
A mixture of unknown composition containing salts
of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.

picronigrosin (pik-ro-ni' -gro-sin) . A stain con-
sisting of picric acid and nigrosin in alcohol.

picropodophyllin (pik-ro-po-do-fil'-in). A crystal-
line substance obtained from Podophyllum peltatum.

picropyrine (pik-ro-pi'-ren) . A derivative of picric
acid and antipyrine occurring in yellow inflammable
needles.

picrosclerotine (pik-ro-skle'-ro-ten). A poisonous
alkaloid occurring in ergot.

picrotoxin (pik-ro-toks'-in) [irucp6s, bitter; to^lkov, a
• poison]. A bitter neutral principle prepared from
Anamirta paniculata (Cocculus indicus). Picrotoxin
stimulates the motor and inhibitory centers in the
medulla, especially the respiratory and vagus centers;
it causes epileptiform spasms by irritation of the motor
centers of the cerebrum or cord. Its action is much
like that of strychnine. It has been used in an oint-
ment (10 gr. to 1 oz.) in pityriasis capitis and in ped-
iculosis. It is useful in the night-sweats of phthisis
and in the complex of symptoms known as vasomotor
ataxia. Dose ^5-5^ Sr- (0.001-0.003 Gm.).

picrotoxinism (pik-ro-toks' -in-izm) . Poisoning by
picrotoxin; characterized by spasms of an epileptiform
nature or resembling tetanus, followed by loss of
consciousness and coma.

Pictet's chloroform (pik-tef). See chloroform.

pictet liquid (pik' -let) [pix, pitch]. A liquid consist-
ing of a mixture of sulphurous acid gas and carbon
dioxide liquefied under pressure.

piebald skin. See leukoderma and vitiligo.

piedra (pe-a'-drah) [S.A.]. A disease of the hair
marked by the formation of hard, pinhead-sized nod-
ules on the shaft of the hair; it is thought to be due to
a micrococcus.

piesimeter, piesmeter (pi-es-im'-et-er, pi-es'-me-
ter). See piezometer.

Pietrowski's reaction for proteins (pe-at-rof'-ske) .
The biuret reaction; a violet color is produced on
heating a protein with an excess of a concentrated
solution of sodium hydroxide and one or two drops of
a dilute solution of copper sulphate. This color is
deepened by boiling.

piezometer (pi-e-zom' -et-er) [xiefeif, to press; p.krpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for measuring the degree
of compression of gases or fluids. 2. An apparatus
for testing the sensitiveness of the skin to pressure.

Piffard's paste (pif'-ard) [Henry Granger Piffard,
American dermatologist, 1842-1910]. A paste com-
posed of s parts of sodium tartrate, 2 of caustic soda,
and one of copper sulphate.

pigeon-breast (pij'-un). See under breast.

pigment (pig'-ment) [pingere, to paint]. 1. A dye-
stuff; a coloring-matter. Pigments may be in sol-
ution or in the form of granules or crystals. 2. Any
organic coloring matter of the body, p., blood-. See
p., hematogenous, p., cholera-blue, a color-base ob-

PIGMENTARY

686

PIMELOPTERYGIUM

tained by dissolving cholera-red in concentrated sul-
phuric acid and then neutralizing with caustic soda.
p., cholera-red, a color-base found in cultures of chol-
era bacilli which, upon addition of mineral acids,
gives a beautiful violet color. On rendering the sol-
ution alkaline and shaking it with benzol the cholera-
red is obtained in brownish-red lamellae. Distillation
of cholera-red with zinc dust gives indol. p.-granule,
one of the minute structureless masses of which pig-
ment consists. P., hematogenous, any pigment de-
rived from the blood. Hematogenous pigments are
hemoglobin, hematoidin, hemosiderin, and the bile-
pigments (hepatogenous pigments) which are indirectly
derived from the blood-pigment. p., metabolic,
a pigment formed by the metabolic action of cells.
Melanin is the type of metabolic pigments.

pigmentary (pig'-men-ta-re) [pigment]. Pertaining
to or containing pigment; characterized by the for-
mation of pigment.

pigmentation (pig-men-ta'-shun) [pigment]. De-
position of or discoloration by pigment.

pigmentodermia (pig-ment-o-der'-me-ah) . See chro-
modermatosis.

pigmentolysin (pig-men-tol'-is-in). An antibody
which causes destruction of pigment.

pigmentophage (pig-menf -o-faj) [pigment; 4>aytiv,
to eat]. A phagocyte which destroys pigment, es-
pecially that of hairs.

pigmentum nigrum (pig-men' -turn ni'-grum) [L.,
black pigment]. The dark coloring-matter which
lines the choroid coat of the eye.

piitis (pi-i'-tis) [pia, pia; ins, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the pia mater; leptomeningitis.

pil. Abbreviation of Latin pilula, pill.

pilar, pilary (pi'-lar, pi'-lar-e) [pilaris; pilus, hair].
Pertaining to the hair.

pilastered (pi-las' -terd) [pila, a pillar]. Flanged so
as to have a fluted appearance; arranged in pilasters
or columns, p. femur, a condition of the femur in
which the backward concavity of the shaft is exag-
gerated and the linea aspera prominent.

pilatio (pi-la' -she-o) [pilus, hair], A cranial fissure.

pilation (pi-la' -shun). See fracture, capillary.

pile (pil) [pilus, a hair], i. The hair or hairs col-
lectively of any part of the integument. 2. A hem-
orrhoid. 3- A battery, p., prostatic, a condition of
enlarged prostate in which hemorrhage results, p.,
thermo-electric, a battery in which an electric current
is generated on heating the bars of two kinds of metal
soldered together, of which the pile consists. An
index registering the exact degree of heat is moved by
the current.

pileous (pi'-le-us) [pilus, a hair]. Pertaining to
hair; hairy.

piles (pilz). Hemorrhoids, q.v.

pileum (pil'-e-um) [pileum, a cap: pi., piled]. 1.
In biology, the cap or whole top of the head of a bird,
from bill to nape, including the forehead, vertex, and
occiput. 2. A lobe of the cerebellum lying between
the vermis and the paraflocculus. Its relation to the
peduncle is like that of a cap.

pileus (pil'-e-us) [pileus, a cap: pi., pilei]. 1. The
disc of the Medusa., for which many writers have sub-
stituted the name umbrella or disc. It is also applied
to the cap-like or umbrella-like summit of the stipe
of many fungi. The hymenium-bearing portion is
the same as cap. 2. A nipple shield, p. hippocra-
ticus, the capeline bandage, p. ventriculi, the cap of
the stomach; the pyloric cap, or first portion of the
duodenum.

pili (pi'-li) [plural of pilus, a hair]. Hairs, p.,
annulati, ringed hairs, leukotrichia annularis, p.
congenital, hair existing at birth, p., post-genital,
that appearing some time after birth.

piliation (pil-e-a' -shun) [pilus, hair]. The forma-
tion and production of hair.

piliform (pi'-lif-orm) [pilus, hair; forma, a form].
Having the form or appearance of hair; filiform.

piliganine (pi-lig'-an-en), C15H24N2CK?). An al-
kaloid obtained from Lycopodium saururus: it is
emetic, cathartic, drastic, anthelmintic, antispas-
modic. Dose £H gr. (0.01-0.02 Gm.). The hydro-
chloride is used in the same way.

pilimiction (pi-lim-ik'-shun) [pilus, hair; mingere,
to urinate]. The passing of urine containing hair-
like filaments.

pilin (pi'-lin). A proprietary cosmetic said to be
60 per cent, alcohol, perfumed and colored and con-
taining benzoic acid.

pill [pilula, dim. of pila, a ball]. A small, round

mass containing one or more medicinal substances and
used for internal administration, p., Blaud's. See
ferrous carbonate, pills of. p., blue. See mercury
mass, p.'s, compound cathartic. See compound
cathartic pills, p., Griffith's. Synonym of p. , Blaud's.
p., Lady Webster's, pill of aloes and mastic, p.-mass,
a cohesive mass used to hold together the medicinal
ingredients of a pill.

pillar (pil'-ar) [pila, a pillar]. A columnar struc-
ture acting as a support, p. of the abdominal ring,
one of the columns on each side of the abdominal
ring. p. of the fauces, one of the folds of mucous
membrane on each side of the fauces. p. of the
fornix, anterior, a band of white matter on each side
passing from the anterior extremity of the fornix to
the base of the brain, p. of the fornix, posterior, one
of two bands passing from the posterior extremi-
ties of the fornix into the descending horn of the lateral
ventricle.

pillet (pil'-et). A little pill, or pellet.

pilleus, pilleum (pil'-e-us, pil'-e-um) [L. a cap or
caul]. The caul or membrane which sometimes
covers a child's head during birth, p. ventriculi,
the cap of the stomach; the pyloric cap, or first por-
tion of the duodenum.

pilo- (pi-lo-) [pilus, a hair].' A prefix meaning re-
lating to the hair or hairy.

pilocarpidine (pi-lo-kar'-pid-en). An alkaloid from
jaborandi similar in physiological effect to pilocarpine
but weaker.

pilocarpine (pi-lo-car'-pen) [see pilocarpus]. An
alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus. Used locally as a
miotic. See pilocarpus, p. hydrochloride (pilocar-
pines hydrochloridum, U. S. P.). Dose | gr. (0.008
Gm.). p. nitrate (pilocarpines nitras, U. S. P.). Dose
I gr. (0.008 Gm.).

pilocarpus (pi-lo-kar'-pus) [pilo-; Kapwos, fruit].
The leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi, a South American
shrub of the natural order Rutaceee: it yields pilocar-
pine, C11H16N2O2, which resembles atropine in action.
Jaborandi and its alkaloid pilocarpine taken internally
produce salivation, perspiration, and contraction of
the pupil. They are employed as diaphoretics in
dropsy, Bright's disease, uremia, rheumatism, and
in the early stage of cold. Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-4.0
Gm.). p., fiuidextract of (fluidextr actum pilocarpi,
U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc).

pilocerine (pi-los'-er-en). A poisonous alkaloid,
from a cactus, Pilocereus.

pilocystic (pi-lo-sis'-tik) [pilo-; kv<ttis, a sac]. Ap-
plied to encysted tumors containing hair and fat.

pilomotor (pi-lo-mo'-tor) [pilo-; movere, to move].
Causing movement of the hair. p. nerves, nerves
causing contraction of the arrectores pili. p. reflex,
the appearance of "goose-skin" when the skin is ir-
ritated.

pilonidal (pi-lo-ni'-dal) [pilo-; nidus, a nest]. Con-
taining an accumulation of hairs in a cyst. p. fistula,
a fistula in the neighborhood of the rectum depending
upon the presence of a tuft of hair in the tissues.

pilose, pilous (pi'-los, pi'-lus) [pilosus, hairy].
Hairy.

pilosebaceous (pi-lo-se-ba'-shus). Pertaining to
the hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

pilosis (pi-lo' -sis) [pilus, a hair]. The abnormal
or excessive development of hair.

pilosity (pi-los'-it-e) [pilus, a hair]. The state of
being pilose.

Piltz's reflex. Alteration of the size of the pupil
when the attention is suddenly fixed.

pilula (pil'-u-lah) [L., pi., pilulee], A pill.

pilular (pil'-u-lar) [pilula, dim. of pila, a ball]. Of
the nature of or pertaining to pills.

pilule (pil'-ul) [pilula, a small pill]. A small pill.

pilus (pi'-lus) [pilus, a hair; pi., pili], 1. A hair.
2. In biology, a fine, slender, hair-like body, pili
gossypii, cotton staple, pili tactiles, tactile hairs.

pimeladen (pim-el' -ad-en) [inixekr), fat; abr)v, gland;
pi., pimeladenes]. Any sebaceous gland.

pimelecchysis (pim-el-ek'-kis-is) [Tnne\ri, fat; (kxwis,
a pouring out]. An excessive discharge of fat or of
sebaceous matter.

pimelitis (pim-el-i'-tis) [iripeXr), fat; vru, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of any adipose tissue; also,
of connective tissue in general.

pimeloma (pim-el-o'-mah) [in.neb.ri, fat; Spa, tumor;
pi., pimelomata]. A fatty tumor; lipoma.

pimelopterygium (pim-el-o-ler-ij'-e-um) [TripeXr),
fat; iTTepvyiov, a small wing]. A fatty outgrowth on
the conjunctiva.

PIMELORRHEA

687

PIRIA'S TEST FOR TYROSIN

pimelorrhea (pim-el-or-e'-ah) [irt/zeXi?, fat; poLa,
a flow]. An excessive fatty discharge. Fecal dis-
charge of undigested fat.

pimelorthopnea (pim-el-or-thop'-ne-ah) [wifjitkr),
fat; orthopnea]. Orthopnea due to obesity.

pimelosis (pim-el-o'-sis) [-mnekr], fat; vocros, disease].
Conversion into fat. The fatty degeneration of any
tissue; obesity, or corpulence.

pimelotic (pim-el-ot'-ik). Affected with pimelosis.

pimeluria (pim-el-u-'re-ah) [irifieXtj, fat; olpov,
urine]. The excretion of fat in the urine; lipuria.

pimenta (pi-men' -tah) [Sp., pimiento]. Allspice,
the nearly ripe fruit of P. officinalis, a tree of the
natural order Myrtacece. It has a fragrant aromatic
odor, due to the presence of a volatile oil. Pimenta
is used as an aromatic carminative in flatulence and
locally in chilblains. Dose 10-40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.).
p., oil of (oleum pimenta, U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 min.
(0.13-1.32 Cc).

pimento (pi-men' -to) . Synonym of pimenta.

Pimpinella (pim-pin-eV -ah) . A genus of umbel-
liferous plants. P. anisum yields anise. P. saxi-
fraga is said to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and stom-
achic, and has been employed in asthma, dropsy,
amenorrhea, etc. Dose £ dr. (2 Cc).

pimple (pirn' -pi) [AS., pipel], A small pustule or
papule.

pinapin (pin'-ap-in). A fermented pineapple-
juice, recommended in catarrh of the stomach, also
as a spray in nasal catarrh.

Pinard's sign (pe-nar') [Adolphe Pinard, French
obstetrician, 1844- ]. After the sixth month of
pregnancy a sharp pain upon pressure over the fundus
uteri is frequently a sign of breech presentation.

pincement (pans' -mo(n)g) [Fr., "pinching"]. In
massage, a pinching or nipping of the tissues.

pincers (pin'-cers) [Fr., pince]. Forceps.

pincet, pincette (pan-set') [Fr.]. A small forceps.

Pinckneya (pingk'-ne-ah). A genus of the Rubi-
acece. P. pubens is a small tree of the southern
United States. The bark is astringent and tonic
and is used in intermittent fevers.

pine (pin) [pinus]. A genus of trees of the order^,
Coniferce, yielding turpentine, pitch, tar, and other
substances.

pineal (pin'-e-al) [pinus, a pine-cone]. Belonging
to or shaped like a pine-cone. p. body, p. gland, the
epiphysis, a small, reddish-gray, vascular body sit-
uated behind the third ventricle, which is embraced
by its two peduncles; it is also called the conarium,
from its conical shape, p. eye, a rudimentary third,
median, or unpaired eye of certain lizards, with which
the pineal body of the mammalia is homologous.
p. peduncle, a narrow white band on each side of
the pineal body. p. ventricle, the cavity occa-
sionally found within the pineal body.

pinealism (pin-e'-al-izm). Disturbances due to
abnormality in the secretion of the pineal gland.

Pinel's system (pe-neV) [Philippe Pinel, French
alienist, 1745-1826]. In the treatment of the insane,
suppression of all forceful proceedings.

pinenchyma (pin-en' -kim-ah) [irivai, tablet; eyxvua,
infusion]. Tissues composed of flat cells.

pinene (pi'-nen) [pinus, pine], C10H16. A hydro-
carbon, the chief constituent of many essential oils.

pineoline (pin'-e-o-len). A proprietary extract of
the needles of Pinus pumilio, combined with vaseline
and lanolin; it is used as an application in skin dis-
eases.

Pinguecula, pinguicula (pin-gwek'-u-lah) , pin-gwik'-
u-lah) [dim. of pinguis, fat]. A small, yellowish-
white patch situated on the conjunctiva, between the
cornea and the canthus of the eye; it is composed of
connective tissue.

pinguid (ping'-gwid) [pinguis, fat]. Fat; unctuous.

pinguoleum (ping-gwo'-le-um) [pinguis, fat; oleum,
oil]. A fatty or fixed oil.

pinhole (pin' -hoi). A minute perforation like that
made by a pin. p. os, an extreme degree of atresia
of the os uteri, seen in young and undeveloped women.
p. pupil, pin-point pupil, contraction of the iris to an
extent that the pupil is scarcely larger than a pin's
head. It is seen in opium-poisoning, after the use of
miotics, in certain cerebral diseases, in locomotor
ataxia, etc.

piniform (pin'-if-orm) [pine; forma, form]. Shaped
like a pine-cone.

pink-eye. 1. A contagious, mucopurulent con-
junctivitis occurring especially in horses. 2. Acute
contagious conjunctivitis in man.

pinkroot. See spigelia.

pinna (pin' -ah) [L., "feather"; "wing"]. The
projecting part of the external ear; the auricle, p.
nasi. Synonym of ala nasi.

pinnal (pin'-al). Pertaining to the pinna.

pinocytosis (pin-o-si-to'-sis) [irLveiv, to drink; kvtos,
a cell]. A name for the property exhibited by phag-
ocytes of imbibing and absorbing liquid substances.

pinol (pi'-nol). The commercial name for the oil
distilled from the needles of Pinus pumilio. It is
recommended in tuberculosis, rheumatism, etc,, and
may be used externally and internally.

pinotherapy (pi-no-ther'-ap-e) [Trei^a, hunger;
6epaireia, therapy]. Hunger-cure or nestotherapy.

pint (pint). The eighth part of a gallon; 16 fluid-
ounces; an imperial pint contains 20 fluidounces.
Symbol O (octarius).

pinta disease (pin'-tah) [Sp., "spot"]. Parasitic
disease of the skin, confined to the tropics. Also
called pinto, mal de los pintos, and spotted sickness.

Pinus (pi'-nus). The pine (q. v.). P. pumilio of
the Alps, yields a turpentine and an oil used in med-
icine. The bark of P. strobus, white pine of the north-
ern United States, is astringent and antiseptic, and
is used in diarrhea and dysentery. Dose of the
fluidextract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). An oil distilled
from the leaves of P. sylvestris, Scotch pine or fir, is
used in medicine; the young pine-cones are used as a
diuretic. An extract from the leaves is used as a
diuretic and antiseptic. Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.).

pinworm. See Oxyuris and A scar is.

pioepithelium (pi-o-ep-ith-e'-le-um) [irluv, fat;
epithelium]. Epithelium containing fat.

pion (pi' -on) [iruav, fat]. Fat.

pionemia, pionaemia (pi-on-e'-me-ah). See lipemia.

pioscope (pi'-o-skop) [ttioiv, fat; aicoireiv, to see]. A
variety of galactoscope.

pip. A contagious disease of fowls characterized
by a secretion of thick mucus in the throat and mouth.

piper (pi-per') [L.]. Pepper (q. v.).

piperazidin (pi-per-az' -id-in) . See piper azin.

piperazin (pi-per' -a-zin),. C4H10N2. Diethylendia-
mine, a crystalline substance produced by the action
of ammonia on ethylene bromide or chloride. It is
readily soluble in water. In watery solutions it acts
as an excellent solvent of uric acid. It is used in-
ternally in cases of gout, lithemia, diabetes, and as a
solvent for uric-acid calculi. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) a
day; for hypodermatic use it is best employed in a
2% solution, p. quinate, a form used in gout. Dose
75-120 gr. (5-8 Gm.) daily in broken doses, p. water,
a combination of equal parts of piperazin and phe-
nocoll in water.

piperic (pi-per' -ik) [piper]. Pertaining to or con-
taining pepper, p. acid, C12H10O4, a monobasic acid
obtained by decomposing piperin.

piperidine (pi-per' -id-en) [piper], C5H11N. A liquid
base produced in the decomposition of piperine. p.
bitartrate, is recommended in uratic diathesis. Dose
10-16 gr. (0.65-1.03 Gm.) 3 times daily, p. guaia-
colate, C5HnN.(C7H802)2, is used in tuberculosis.
Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.) twice daily.

piperine (pi'-per-en). A neutral principle (pi-
perina, U. S. P.) obtained from pepper.

piperism (pi'-per-izm). Poisoning by pepper,
marked by acute gastritis.

piperovatine (pi-per-o'-va-ten), C16H21NO2. A crys-
talline alkaloid isolated from Piper ovatum. A heart-
poison and depressant of motor and sensory nerves.
Acts like strychnine.

pipet, pipette (pip-ef) [Fr., dim. of pipe], A glass
tube open at both ends, but usually drawn out to a
smaller size at one end.

pipmenthol (pip-men' -thol) [piper, pepper; menlha,
mint]. A name for the menthol obtained from pep-
permint.

pipsissewa (pip-sis' -e-wah). See chimaphila.

piptonychia (pip-to-nik' -e-ah) [irlirTeiv, to fall;
ow%, a nail]. Shedding of the nails.

piqure (pe-kfir') [F.]. Puncture, p. glycosuria,
experimental glycosuria produced by puncture of
the diabetic center in the medulla.

Piria's test for tyrosin (pir'-e-ah). Moisten the
substance on a watch-glass with concentrated sul-
phuric acid, and warm two to ten minutes on a water-
bath. Dilute with water, warm, neutralize with
barium carbonate, filter while warm, and add a dilute
solution of ferric chloride. In the presence of tyrosin
a violet color results. An excess of ferric chloride
destroys the color.

PIRIFORM

688

P. L.

piriform (pir'-if-orm). Synonym of pyriform.

Pirogoff's formula, (pir'-o-gof) [Nikolai Vanovich
Pirogoff, Russian surgeon, 1810-1881]. Sublimed
sulphur, I oz. ; potassium carbonate, 1 oz.; distilled
water, § oz. ; tincture of iodine, 1 oz. ; lard, 3 oz. Used
for the treatment of favus. P.'s operation or am-
putation, for amputation through the foot: a partial
osteoplastic operation in which the os calcis is sawed
through obliquely from above downward and forward,
and the posterior portion is brought up and secured
against the surface made by sawing off the lower ends
of the tibia and fibula.

Piroplasma (pi-ro-plaz'-mah) [irvp, fire; ifka.<r<T€iv,
to form]. A genus of hematozoa. P. bigeminum,
a species found in Texas fever. P. canis, a species
causing the bilious fever or malignant jaundice of
dogs. P. donovani. Same as Leishman- Donovan
bodies, q.v. P. equi, a South African species caus-
ing a bilious fever in horses. P. hominis, the species
responsible for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in
man. P. ovis, a species affecting sheep. P. parvum,
a species causing the Rhodesian red -water fever of
cattle in Western Africa.

piroplasmosis (pi-ro-plaz-mo'-sis). Infection with
piroplasma.

Pirquet's (von) reaction (per-ka') [Clemens von
Pirquet, Austrian physician 1874- ]. Apply a
few drops of a 4 per cent, solution of old tuberculin to
a slightly scarified area; if positive, a number of pa-
pules appear surrounded by a hyperemic area.

piscidia erythrina (pis-id' -e-ah er-e-thri'-nah) [pis-
cis, fish; cazder e, to kill]. Jamaica dogwood, a tree
of the order Leguminosce, the bark of which has been
used for stupefying fish. It contains a neutral prin-
ciple, piscidin. Piscidin has been used as an anodyne
in neuralgia, whooping-cough, and insomnia. Dose
of the ftuidextract 1 dr. (4 Cc).

piscidin (pis'-id-in). See under Piscidia erythrina.

pisiform (pis'-if-orm) [pisum, a pea; forma, form].
Pea-shaped, p. bone, a small bone on the inner and
anterior aspect of the carpus.

, pit [AS., pyt, from puteus, a well or pit]. 1. A
depression, as the pit of the stomach; the armpit.
2. To indent by pressing, p., auditory the embryonic
depression preceding the labyrinth, p., basilar, the
depression upon the palatal surfaces of the upper in-
cisor teeth, at the base of the cingula. p. of the
stomach: (1) a name popularly given to that abdomen
just below the sternum and between the cartilages of
the false ribs; it is also termed scrobiculus cordis; (2)
any one of the openings of gastric tubules visible on
the mucous surface of the stomach, p., tear, the
lacrimal sinus.

pitch [ME., picchen, to throw]. 1. The height of
a sound; that quality which depends upon the
relative rapidity of the vibrations that produce the
sound. 2. [AS., pic, from pix, pitch]. A hard but
viscous, shining substance, breaking with a conchoid
fracture, obtained from various species of pine and
from tar. p. blende, an oxide of uranium, the source
of the radium salts known to commerce. It occurs
in pitchy black masses, rarely in octahedrons. Syn.,
pechurane; uraninite. p., Burgundy, the prepared
resinous exudation of Abies excelsa, used in the form
of various plasters as a counterirritant in chronic
rheumatism, p., Canada, a resin obtained from Abies
canadensis, and formerly used for making plasters.
p., Jew's or mineral, asphalt, p., liquid (pix liquida,
IT. S. P., B. P.), tar. See tar. 0. plaster, a plaster
composed of Burgundy pitch, frankincense, resin,
yellow wax and olive oil.

pith [AS, pitha]. 1. The soft cellular tissue found
in the center of the stalks of plants. 2. The marrow
of bones. 3. The spinal marrow. 4. To cut off all
connection of the brain-centers of an animal with the
periphery by piercing the brain and spinal cord.

pithecoid (pith'-e-koid) [iridriicos, an ape; elSos, like-
ness]. Resembling an ape. p. theory, the theory of
man's descent from the ape.

pithiatic (pith-e-at'-ik). Pertaining to pithiatism
or hysteria.

pithiatism (pith' -e-at-izm) . Same as hysteria.

pithiatric (pith-e-at'-rik). Capable of being re-
lieved by suggestion or persuasion; term employed
with reference to hysterical condition.

pithing (pith'-ing). The destroying of the central
nervous system by piercing the brain and cord; de-
cerebration.

pithode (pith'-6d). See karyokinesis.

Pitre's sections (petr) [Albert Pitres, French phy-

sician, 1848- ]. A series of nearly vertical sec-
tions through the brain for postmortem examinations.
P.'s sign. 1. "Signe du cordeau"; the angle formed
by the axis of the sternum and the line represented
by a cord dropped from the suprasternal notch to the
symphysis pubis indicates the degree of deviation of
the sternum in cases of pleuritic effusion. 2. Hypes-
thesia of the scrotum and testis in tabes dorsalis.

pitted (pit'-ed). Marked by indentations or pits,
as from smallpox.

pitting (pit'-ing). The formation of pits; also the
quality of preserving, for a short time, indentations
made by pressing with the finger.

pituglandol (pit-u-glan'-dol). Trade name of a
liquid preparation of the infundibulum of the pit-
uitary gland.

pituita (pit-u'-it-ah) [L.]. Phlegm; mucus; stringy,
frothy sputum.

pituital (pit-u'-it-al). Relating to pituita.

pituitary (pit-u' -it-a-re) [pituita]. Secreting or con-
taining mucus, p. body, p. gland, a small, reddish-
gray vascular body, weighing about ten grains, con-
tained within the sella turcica of the skull. It con-
sists of two portions — the large anterior or oral, and
the small posterior or cerebral division. The anterior
lobe is derived as a diverticulum from the primitive
oral cavity; the posterior lobe descends as an outgrowth
from the brain, communicating in fetal life with the
third ventricle. The stalk of this outgrowth remains
as the infundibulum. The pituitary body has at-
tracted much attention on account of pathological
changes in its structure in certain obscure diseases,
such as akromegaly, myxedema, and others. In some
cases of akromegaly it has been much enlarged. Syn.,
hypophysis cerebri, p. membrane, the Schneiderian
membrane.

pituitin (pit-u'-it-in). A preparation made from
the posterior lobe of the pituitary body.

pituitous (pit-u' -it-us) [pituita]. Containing or
resembling mucus.

pituitrin (ptl-u' -it-rin) . Trade name of a pre-
paration made from the posterior lobe of the pituitary
gland.

pituri (pit'-u-re). The leaves and twigs of Dubois-
ia hopwoodii, used as a narcotic stimulant.

piturine (pit'-u-ren). A liquid alkaloid obtained
from Duboisia hopwoodii. It is probably identical
with nicotine.

pityriasic (pit-ir-i-as'-ik). Relating to or affected
with pityriasis.

pityriasis (pit-ir-i'-as-is) [irlrvpov, bran]. 1. A term
applied to various skin affections characterized by
fine, branny desquamation. 2. Seborrhea, p. capi-
tis, p. capillitii, alopecia furfuracea. p. circinata et
marginata, a disease characterized by an eruption of
rose-colored spots on the trunk, the limbs, and in the
axillae, associated with slight fever and itching, p.
furfuracea, seborrhcea sicca, p. gravidarum. ■ Same
as chloasma uterinum, p. pilaris. See keratosis pila-
ris, p. rosea. See p. circinata et marginata. p.
rubra, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, beginning
in one or more localized patches, which coalesce and
gradually invade the whole body. The skin is deep
red in color, and covered by whitish vesicles that con-
stantly reform. The disease lasts months or years,
and generally ends fatally. Syn., dermatitis exfoli-
ativa, p. versicolor. See tinea versicolor.

pityroid (pit'-ir-oid) [irlrvpov, bran; el8os, like].
Branny.

pivot (piv'-ot) [Fr., pivot, a pivot]. A pin on which
a wheel turns, p., clack, p., clacking, a means de-
vised by Magiola for attaching an artificial crown to
the root of a natural tooth, p.-joint. See cyclar-
throsis. p. tooth, an artificial crown, designed to be
applied to the root of a natural tooth, by means of
what is usually termed a pivot, but more properly a
dowel or tenon.

pivoting (piv'-ot-ing). The fixation of an arti-
ficial crown to a tooth by means of a pivot or pin.

pix (piks). See pitch (2). p. burgundica, an exudate
from Picea (Abies) excelsa, Norway spruce, used as
rubefacient. P. canadensis, that obtained from the
hemlock tree, Tsuga (Abies) canadensis. P. liquida,
tar, an oleoresin obtained by the destructive dis-
tillation of the pine.

pixine (piks' -en). A surgical dressing said to con-
sist of Burgundy pitch with a wool-fat base.

pixol (piks'-ol). A disinfectant preparation of tar
and soft soap.

P. L. Abbreviation for (1) Pharmacopoeia, Lond-

PLACEBO

689

PLANUM

inensis, London Pharmacopoeia; (2) perception of
light.

placebo (pla-se'-bo) [L., "I will please," from placere,
to please]. A medicine given for the purpose of
pleasing or humoring the patient, rather than for its
therapeutic effect.

placenta (pla-sen'-tah) [irXaicovs, a cake]. The organ
on the wall of the uterus to which the embryo is at-
tached by means of the umbilical cord and from which
it receives its nourishment. It is developed, about
the third month of gestation, from the chorion of the
embryo and the decidua serotina of the uterus. The
villi of the chorion enlarge and are received into de-
pressions of the decidua, and around them blood-
sinuses form, into which, by diffusion, the waste-
materials brought from the fetus by the umbilical
arteries pass, and from which the blood receives oxy-
gen and food-material being returned to the fetus by
the umbilical vein. At term the placenta weighs one
pound, is one inch thick at its center, and seven inch-
es in diameter, p., adherent, one that is abnormally
adherent to the uterine wall after childbirth, p.,
annular, one extending around the interior of the
uterus in the form of a belt, p., battledore, one in
which the insertion of the cord is at the margin of
the placenta, p., circumvallate, a thickening or
fungiform enlargement of the placenta at the point
at which the decidua vera and the decidua reflexa
would have united in cases in which such union has
been thwarted by hypersecretion of the former or by
endometritic processes, p. cirsoides, one in which
the umbilical vessels have a cirsoid arrangement, p.,
discoid, one shaped like a disc, p., duplex, one
divided into two parts. p., fundal, one attached
at the fundus, p., horse-shoe, in twin pregnancy,
a condition in which two placenta? are joined.
p., incarcerated, one retained by irregular con-
traction of the uterus, p., maternal, the exter-
nal layer developed from the decidua serotina. p.
membranacea, one abnormally thin. p. praevia, a
placenta that is fixed to that part of the uterine wall
that becomes stretched as labor advances, so that it
precedes the advance of the presenting part of the
fetus. Being detached before the birth of the child,
it generally causes grave hemorrhage, p., retained,
one not expelled by the uterus after labor, p.,
sanguinis, a blood-clot. p. student's, a retained
placenta due to improper manipulation, p. suc-
centuriata, an accessory placenta.

placental (pla-sen'-tal) [placenta]. Pertaining to
the placenta, p. bruit, p. murmur, p. souffle, a sound
attributed to the circulation of blood in the placenta.
p. transmission, the conveyance of drugs and disease-
products through the fetoplacental circulation from
mother to offspring.

placentation (pla-sen-ta'-shun) [placenta]. The
formation and mode of attachment of the placenta.

placentitis (pla-sen-ti'-tis) [placenta; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the placenta.

placentoid (pla-sen'-toid) [placenta; dSos, like]. Re-
sembling a placenta.

placentolysin (pla-sen-tol' -is-in) [placenta; Xv<r«,
solution]. A cytolysin formed in the blood of an
animal which has received injections of placental
tissue emulsions derived from some other animal.

placentoma (pla-sen-to'-mah). A neoplasm spring-
ing from a retained portion of a placenta.

placentotherapy (pla-sen-to-ther'-ap-e) [placenta;
therapy]. The remedial use of preparations of the
placenta of animals.

placentula (pla-sen' -lu-lah) [dim. of placenta].
A small placenta.

Placido's disc (plas-e'-do). A keratoscope com-
posed of a disc with concentric circles.

placuntitis (plak-un-ti'-tis). Synonym of placen-
titis.

placuntoma (plak-un-to'-mah). Synonym of placen-
toma.

pladaroma (plad-ar-o'-mah) [ir\a86.paip.a, wetness;
softness]. A soft wart or tumor of the eyelid.

pladarosis (plad-ar-o'-sis) [ir\a8ap6s, soft]. Syno-
nym of pladaroma.

plagiobolia (pla-je-o-boV -e-ah) [irAcryios, oblique;
fiaWew, to throw]. Imperfect or indirect emission
of spermatic fluid into the vagina.

plagiocephalic (pla-je-o-sef-al'-ik) [plagiocephaly].
Having a skull exhibiting plagiocephaly.

plagiocephalism. See plagiocephaly.

plagiocephalous (pla-je-o-sef'-al-us). Synonym of
plagiocephalic.

plagiocephaly (pla-je-o-sef-al-e) [wXayios, oblique;
Ke<t>a\ri, head]. A malformation of the head pro-
duced by the closing of half of the coronal suture,
giving an oblique growth to the cranial roof.

plague (plag) [-wX-nyri, a stroke]. 1. Any contagious
malignant, epidemic disease. 2. A contagious dis-
ease endemic in eastern Asia, and in former times
occurring epidemically in Europe and Asia Minor.
After a period of incubation of from three to eight
days the disease begins with fever, pain, and swelling
of the lymphatic glands, chiefly the femoral inguinal,
axillary, and cervical. Headache, delirium, vomiting,
and diarrhea may be present. When recovery is
probable, the temperature falls in about a week.
The cause of the disease is the Bacillus pestis, found
by Kitasato in the blood, buboes, and internal organs
of the victims of the plague, p., black, the plague
which decimated the European nations in the 14th
century, p., bubonic, the usual form of plague for-
merly prevalent in various parts of the world, p.,
cold, a fatal form of bilious pneumonia, p., hunger,
relapsing fever, p., levantine, the plague of the
eastern part of Europe, p., lung, pleuropneumonia
of cattle, p., Siberian cattle. Synonym of anthrax.
p.-sore, a sore resulting from the plague, p.-spot,
a spot characteristic of the plague, p., swine, hog-
cholera, p., Syrian. Synonym of Aleppo boil.

planarthragra (plan-ar-thra'-grah) [ifkavav, to
cause to wander; apdpov, a joint; aypa, a seizure].
Gout which wanders from one joint to another.

plancus (plang'-kus) [planca, a board]. 1. A
person with flat feet. 2. Flat-footed.

plane {plan) [planus, flat]. Any flat, smooth
surface, especially any assumed or conventional
surface, whether tangent to the body or dividing it.

planiceps (pla'-ni-seps) [planus, flat; caput, a head].
Flat-headed.

planhneter (pla-nim' -et-ur) . 1. See perimeter.
2. An instrument which measures a plane by tracing
the periphery.

planipes (pla'-ne-pez) [planus, flat; pes, foot].
Having flat feet.

piano- (pla-no-). 1. [planus, flat]. A prefix signi-
fying flat or level; also a lens having no refracting
power. 2. [wXavos, wandering.] A prefix signifying
wandering.

planocellular (pla-no-sel'-u-lar) [piano-; cellula,
cell]. Flat-celled.

Planococcus (plan-o-kok'-us) [■n-'Kavrj, a wandering,
kokkos, a berry]. A genus of bacteria of the family
Coccacece having cell division in two planes; cells
separate and flagellated.

planocompressed (pla-no-kom-prest'). So com-
pressed that the opposite sides are flat.

planoconcave (pla-no-kon-kav') . Concave on one
surface and flat on the opposite side.

planoconic (pla-no-kon'-ik). Having one side flat
and the other conical.

planoconvex (pla-no-kon-veks') . Plane on one side
and convex on the other.

planocyte (plan'-o-sit) [piano-; kvtos, a cell]. A
wandering cell.

planodia (plan-o'-de-ah) [TrXd^, a wandering; 686s;
a way]. Any false or artificial passage made by an
instrument. _

planomania (plan-o-ma'-ne-ah) [irXavos, wandering;
fiavia, madness]. A morbid and insane desire for
wandering.

planorheumatism (plan-o-roo'-mat-izm) [piano- ;
rheumatism]^ Wandering or metastatic rheumatism.

Planosarcina (pla-no-sar'-sin-ah) [irXavq, wander-
ing; sarcina], A genus of motile bacteria whose
cells are flagellated and divide in three planes.

planta (plan'-tah) [L.]. The sole of the foot.

plantar (plan' -tar) [planta]. Pertaining to the sole
of the foot. p. arch. See arch, plantar, p. fascia,
the dense triangular shaped aponeurosis occupying
the middle and sides of the sole of the foot beneath
the integument, p. reflex. See under reflex.

plantaris (plan-ta'-ris). See under muscle.

plantigrade (plan'-te-grad) [planta; gradi, to walk].
Bringing the entire length of the sole of the foot to
the ground in walking, as is seen in the bear.

plantose (plan'-tos). A pale-yellow dietetic powder
prepared from the oil-cake of rape-seed, containing
12 % of nitrogen.

planum (pla'-num) [L. flat]. A plane or surface.
p. nuchale, nuchal plane, p. occipitale, occipital plane.
p. orbitale, orbital plane, p. popliteum, popliteal
plane or space, p. sternale, sternal plane or anterior

PLANURIA

690

PLASTIN

surface of the sternum, p. temporale, temporal

planuria (plan-u'-re-ah) [ir\avos, straying; ovpov,
urine]. The discharge of urine through abnormal
passages.

plaque (plak) [Fr.]. A patch, p.s, blood-. See
blood-platelets, p.s, opaline, scattered white spots,
like those caused by silver nitrate, seen on the fauces,
hard palate, cheeks, and lips; an early affection in
syphilis.

plasm (plazm). Same as plasma.

plasma (plaz'-mah) [xXAo-jua, a thing molded],
i. The fluid part of the blood and the lymph. See
blood-plasma. 2. Glycerite of starch, p.-cells, large,
granular cells found in the connective tissue, p.,
lymph-, the fluid part of the lymph, p., muscle-.
See muscle-plasma.

plasmacules (plaz'-ma-kuls). See hemokonia.

plasmameba, plasmamoeba (plaz-mam-e'-bah)
[plasma; amczba]. An ameba-like parasite found in
the blood in dengue.

plasmapheresis (plaz-maf-e' -res-is) [plasma; &<pai-
petns, a withdrawal]. Removal of blood plasma;
a form of venesection in which blood is withdrawn
but the corpuscles are returned to the circulation.

plasmasome (plaz'-mas-om) [ir\a<rp,a, a molded
figure; a&na, body]. A protoplasmic corpuscle.

plasmatic (plaz-mat'-ik) [plasma]. 1. Pertaining
to plasma. 2. Plastic, p. layer, the layer of plasma
next to the wall of a capillary.

plasmatorrhexis (plaz-mat-o-reks'-is) [plasma; p^us,
a bursting]. Same as plasmorrhexis.

plasmatosis (plaz-mat-o'-sis) [plasma]. The lique-
faction of cell-substance as seen in the cells of the
secreting milk-gland and in the cells of secreting
glands of the cervix uteri.

plasment (plaz'-ment). A proprietary emollient
and lubricant application made from Iceland moss.

plasmexhidrosis (plaz-meks-hi-dro'-sis) [plasma ;
e£, out of; hidrosis]. The exudation of plasma from
the blood-vessels.

plasmic (plaz'-mik) [plasma]. Of or pertaining to
protoplasm; formative, protoplasmic; plasmatic.

plasmin (plaz'-min) [plasma]. A name given to
the precipitate obtained from blood by treating it
with a saturated solution of sodium sulphate, allowing
the corpuscles to subside, then precipitating the
plasma with sodium chloride, and washing the
precipitate with a saturated solution of sodium
chloride.

plasmo- (plaz-mo-) [plasma]. A prefix meaning
relating to the plasma.

plasmocyte (plaz'-mo-slt) [plasmo-; kItos, a cell].
1. Any cell, other than blood-corpuscles, free in the
blood-plasma. 2. A protozoan parasite in the blood
plasma.

Plasmodia (plaz-mo' -de-ah). Plural of Plasmodium.

plasmodiblast (plaz-mo' -dib-last). See trophoblast.

Plasmodium (plaz-mo' -de-um) [plasmo-; elSos,
form: pi., Plasmodia]. The mass of protoplasm
formed by the fusion of two or more amebiform
bodies, p. falciparum, the parasite of estivoautumnal
or pernicious malaria, p. malariae, a protozoan para-
site found in the blood of persons suffering from
malaria, p. praecox, the malarial parasite of birds.
p. tenue, a malarial parasite, said to be found in
cases of malignant malaria in India, p. viyax, the
parasite of tertian malaria.

plasmogen (plaz'-mo-jen) [plasmo-; yewav, to
produce]. Formative protoplasm; germ-plasm; bio-
plasm.

plasmology (plaz-mol'-o-je) [plasmo-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. The study of cells and cell-stuff, or plasma;
histology.

plasmolysis (plaz-mol'-is-is) [plasmo-; Xuew, to
loose]. 1. The separation of cell-protoplasm from
the inclosing celUwall. 2. The contraction of living
protoplasm under the influence of reagents. 3. The
escape of the soluble substances of the blood-corpuscle.

plasmolytic (plaz-mo-lit'-ik). Exhibiting or charac-
terized by plasmolysis.

plasmoma (plaz-mo' -mah) [plasmo-; 5p.a, tumor].
A tumor which shows a tendency toward the forma-
tion of fibers.

plasmon (plaz'-mon) [plasma]. The unaltered
proteid of milk, p.-butter, a mixture of plasmon
(6.58 %) with butter (51. 5 %), water (41.2 %),
and salt (0.72 %). It resembles clotted cream in
appearance and taste and serves as a substitute for
cod-liver oil.

plasmophagous (plaz-mof -ag-us) [plasmo-; 4>ayeiv,
to eat]. Living upon protoplasm; applied to or-
ganisms causing decomposition of organic matter.

plasmoptysis (plaz-mop' -tis-is) [plasmo-; irrvais,
a spitting]. The escape of protoplasm from a cell
due to rupture of the cell-wall.

plasmorrhexis (plaz-mor-eks'-is) [plasmo-; frrjfa,
a bursting]. The rupture of a cell and the escape
or loss of the plasma.

plasmoschisis (plaz-mos'-kis-is) [plasmo-; <rxtW,
cleavage]. The splitting of a cell, as the formation
of disc-shaped bodies by red blood-corpuscles.

plasmosome (plaz'-mo-som) [plasmo-; avp.a, body].

1. One of the granular structural elements of cells.

2. The nucleolus of a cell.

plasmotropic (plaz-mo-trop'-ik) [plasmo-; rpoirri,
a change]. Producing protoplasmic degeneration;
applied to hemolytic action which leaves the red
corpuscles intact in the circulation, but through
the influence of poisons on the liver, spleen, and
bone-marrow causes excessive destruction of them
in these organs.

plasom (plaz'-om). A proprietary preparation from
milk.

plasome (plaz'-om) [plasma; trvna, body, matter].
The hypothetical unit of protoplasm.

plasson (plas'-son) [irXaaaeiv, to form or mold].
Primitive or undifferentiated protoplasm; the proto-
plasm of the cell in the nonnucleated or cytode
stage.

plastauxia (plas-tawks'-e-ah) [irXaaaeiv, to mold;
avfy, increase]. An increase of plasticity.

plaster (plas'-ter) [ME., piastre]. 1. An adhesive,
semisolid substance spread upon cloth or other
flexible material for application to the surface of
the body. 2. Calcined gypsum or calcium sulphate.
p., adhesive (emplasirum adhesivum, U. S. P.), a
plaster prepared by melting rubber and adding
petrolatum and lead plaster, p.-bandage, a bandage
stiffened with plaster of Paris, p., belladonna.
See belladonna plaster, p., blistering, cerate of can-
tharides. p., capsicum. See capsicum plaster.
p., court-, a mixture of isinglass, glycerine, and
alcohol spread upon silk, p., diachylon, p., lead.
See plumbi, emplastrum, under plumbum, p. jacket,
a bandage of plaster of Paris for the trunk, p.,
mercurial. See mercury plaster, p.-mull, a plaster
made by incorporating with mull or thin muslin a
mixture of guttapercha and some medicament
dissolved in benzine. It is used in skin diseases.
p., mustard-, one made by spreading upon muslin
powdered mustard, or a mixture of mustard and
flour reduced to the consistence of paste by the
addition of water, p., opium. See opium piaster.
p.-of-Paris, a mixture of calcium sulphate (gypsum)
and water, having the property of becoming hard
during drying. It is used for surrounding parts,
such as joints, fractured limbs, etc., with a stiff
casing, to prevent mobility, p., resin, a lead-
plaster with the addition of resin and wax. p.,
soap. See soap plaster, p., spice-, a plaster com-
posed of yellow wax, suet, turpentine, oil of nutmeg,
olibanum, benzoin, oil of peppermint, and oil of
cloves, and used to relieve abdominal pain in children.
p., strengthening, one containing iron, p., warming,
a plaster of pitch and cantharides.

plastic (plas'-tik) [ir\a<r<reu>, to mold]. 1. Forma-
tive; building up tissues; repairing defects, as plastic
surgery, plastic operation. 2. Capable of being
molded, p. bronchitis, pseudomembranous bron-
chitis, p. force, the generative force of the body.
p. linitis, cirrhosis of the stomach, p. lymph, the
inflammatory exudate that covers wounds or in-
flamed serous surfaces, and becomes organized by
the development in it of blood-vessels and connective
tissues.

plasticity (plas-tis'-it-e) [plastic]. 1. Plastic force.
2. The quality of being plastic.

plasticule (plas'-tik-ul) [irXaaaeiv, to mold]. A
molecule of plastic material not yet fully organized;
a plastidule.

plastid (plas'-tid) [vKturaew, to mold]. An ele-
mentary organism; a cell or cytode.

plastidule (plas'-tid-ul) [dim. of plastid, an ele-
mentary organism]. A protoplasmic molecule;
one of the physical units of which living matter is
composed.

plastm (plas'-tin) [irXaxraeiv, to mold]. A phos-
phorized protein, constituting the chief proteid of
protoplasm.

PLASTODYNAMIA

691

PLEOMASTIA

plastodynamia (plas-to-di-nam'-e-ah) [plasto-; bvva-
juis, power]. Nutritive plastic power.

plastogamy (plas-tog'-am-e) [plasma; ya/ios, mar-
riage]. Permanent conjugation of cells which is
limited to the cytoplasm.

plate (plat) [wXarvs, broad]. I. A flattened part,
especially a flattened process of bone. 2. A thin
piece of metal or some other substance to which
false teeth are attached, p., approximation-, one
of the plates of decalcified bone or other material
that are used in enterectomy to bring the resected
ends of intestine together, p., auditory, the bone-
plate forming the roof of the auditory meatus, p.,
axial, the primitive streak of the embryo, p.s,
blood-. See blood- platelets, p., bone-. See p.,
approximation-, p., cribriform, the horizontal plate
of the ethmoid bone constituting the floor of the
olfactory fossa and perforated for the passage of the
olfactory nerves, p.-culture, a method of obtaining
pure cultures of bacteria by pouring the inoculated
culture-medium upon sterile glass plates and allowing
it to solidify, p., dorsal, one of the two longitudinal
ridges on the dorsal surface of the embryo which
subsequently join to form the neural canal, p.,
end-. See end-plate, p. equatorial, the compressed
mass of chromosomes aggregated at the equator of
the nuclear spindle during karyokinesis. p.s,
facial, the frontonasal and external group of nasal
and maxillary plates of the embryo, p., foot, the
flat part of the stapes, p., Franklin, a glass plate
partly covered on both sides with tin-foil, used as a
condenser in frictional electricity, p., frontal, in the
fetus, a cartilaginous plate interposed between the
lateral parts of the ethmoid cartilage and the lesser
wings and anterior portion of the sphenoid bone.
p., frontonasal, the middle of the facial plates, which
subsequently forms the external nose, p., lateral
mesoblastic, the thick portion of the mesoblast
situated one on each side of the notochord. Each
plate splits into two portions, the outer divisions
coalescing to form the body-wall, or somatopleure,
the inner, to form the splanchnopleure, or visceral
covering, p.s, maxillary, p.s, maxillary, inferior,
the first pair of subcranial plates from which the
mandible is developed, p., medullary or neural.
Same as p., dorsal, p., nuclear. See nuclear plate.
p., palate, the part of the palate-bone which, with
its opposite fellow, forms the roof of the mouth.
p.s, pterygoid, two plates into which the pterygoid
process of the sphenoid bone divides, p.s, sub-
cranial. See arches, pastoral, p., tympanic, the
bony sides and floor of the auditory meatus.

platelets, blood (plat' -lets). Small discs in the
blood, light gray in color, and of uncertain function.

platetrope (plat'-e-trop). See platytrope.

platiculture (pla-ti-kul'-chur). The cultivation of
bacteria on plates.

plating (pla'-ting). See platiculture.

platinic (plat-in' -ik) [platinum]. Containing plati-
num as a quadrivalent element.

platinode (plat'-in-od) [platinum; 656s, way].
The negative or receiving plate of an electric battery,
so-called because formerly often made of plati-
num.

platinous (plat'-in-us) [platinum]. Containing
platinum as a bivalent element.

platinum (plat'-in-um) [Sp., platina, dim. of plata,
silver]. A silver-white metal occurring native or
alloyed with other metals; atomic weight 195.2; sp.
gr. 21.5; quantivalence II and IV; symbol Pt. It is
fusible only at very high temperatures, and is in-
soluble in all acids except nitrohydrochloric. On
account of these properties it is extensively used for
chemical apparatus — crucibles, foils, wire, etc.; it is
also employed as a reagent. Platinum occurs,
aside from its ordinary metallic form, as a spongy
mass (spongy platinum) and as a fine metallic powder
(platinum-black), which is capable of condensing a
great deal of oxygen, and hence acts as a powerful
oxidizing agent. Platinum forms two sets of com-
pounds— a platinous series, in which it acts as a diad,
and a platinic series, in which it acts as a tetrad.
p. chloride, PtCU, is used as a reagent to detect
potassium and ammonium; also in syphilis, in doses
of i-i gr. (0.008-0.03 Gm.).

platode, platoid (plal'-od, plat-oid') [wKarxn, broad;
elSos, form]. In biology, broad or flat, as a worm.

Piatt's chlorides. A disinfectant liquid said to
be a solution of the chlorides of magnesium, po-
tassium, sodium, zinc, and aluminum.

platy- (plat-e-) [irXarvs, broad]. A prefix signi-
fying broad.

platycelian, platycelous (plat-is-el'-e-an, plat-is-
el'-us). Concave in front and convex behind.

platycephalic, platycephalous (plat-is-ef-al'-ik, plat-
is-ef'-al-us) [platy-; Ke<t>a\-q, head]. Having a broad
skull with a vertical index of less than 70.

platycephaly (plat-is-ef -al-e) [platy-; Ke<paKi), head].
The quality of being platycephalous.

platycnemia (plat-ik-ne' -me-ah) [platy-; Kviuirj,
leg]. The state of being platycnemic.

platycnemic (plat-ik-ne' -mik) [see platycnemia].
Having a tibia which is exaggerated in breadth;
broad-legged.

platycoria, platycoriasis (plat-ik-o'-re-ah, plat-ik-
o-ri'-as-is) [platy-; Koprj, pupil]. Expansion of the
pupil; mydriasis.

platycrania (plat-e-kra'-ne-ah) [platy-; upavlov,
skull]. The flattened condition of the skull produced
artificially among savage tribes.

platycyte (plat'-is-it) [platy-; kvtos, a cell]. A cell
intermediate in size between a giant-cell and a
leukocyte, found in tubercle nodules.

Platyhelminthes (plat-e-hel-min'-thez) [platy-; eX-
hips, a worm]. Flat-bodied, more or less elongated
worms, usually containing both sexual elements at
the same time. They include flat-worms, flukes, and
tapeworms.

platyhieric (plat-e-hi-er'-ik) [platy-; Upos, sacrum].
Having a broad sacrum; having a sacral index of
more than 100.

platymorphia (plat-e-mor'-fe-ah) [platy-; p.op<pi),
form]. A flatness in the formation of the eye and
shortening of the anteroposterior diameter, resulting
in hyperopia.

platymyoid (plat-e-mi'-oid). Applied to muscle-
cells in which the contractile layer presents an even
surface.

platyopia (plat-e-o'-pe-ah) [platy-; &\p, face].
Broadness of the face; the quality of being platyopic.

platyopic (plat-e-op'-ik) [platy-; u\p, face]. In
biology, having a face wide across the eyes, as in the
Mongolian races; having the naso-malar index
below 107. 5°.

platypellic (plat-e-pel'-ik) [platy-; u-eXXa, basin].
Having a broad pelvis.

platypodia (plat-e-po' -de-ah) [platy-; irovs, foot].
Flat-footedness.

platyrrhine (plat' -ir -in) [platy-; pis, nose]. Having
a broad and flat nose; having a nasal index above 53.

platyrrhiny, platyrhiny (plat' -ir-i-ne) [platy-; pis,
nose]. The condition of having a platyrrhine skull.

platysma (plat-iz'-mah) [irXarvs, broad]. Anything
of considerable superficial dimensions; also, a plaster.
p. myoides. See under muscle.

platystencephalia, platystencephaly (plat-is-ten-
sef-a'-le-ah, plat-is -ten-sef -al-e) [7rXaru<rraros, widest;
iyKk<pa\os, brain]. The condition of a skull very
wide at the occiput and with prominent jaws.

platytrope (plat'-et-rop) [platy-; rpeweiv, to turn].
In biology, one of two symmetrically related parts on
opposite sides of the meson; a lateral homologue.

Plaut's angina (plowt). See Vincent's angina.

Playfair's treatment (pla'-far) [William Smoult
Playfair, English physician, 1 836-1903]. See Mit-
chell's treatment.

plectrum (plek'-trum) [wK^ktpov, a spur: pi., plectra].
The styloid process of the temporal bone; the tongue;
the uvula; the malleus.

pledget (plej'-et) [origin obscure, perhaps dim. of
plug]. A small flattened compress.

plegaphonia (pleg-af-o' -ne-ah) [-n-^yn, stroke; 4>wvq,
sound]. The sound produced in auscultatory per-
cussion of the larynx, the glottis being open.

plegometer (pleg-om'-et-er). Synonym of plexi-
meter.

Plehn's karyochromatophilic granules (plan)
[Albert Plehn, German physician, 1861- ].
Basophile granules observed in the protozoan para-
site of malaria.

pleochroic (ple-o-kro'-ik). See pleochromatic.

pleochroism (ple-ok' -ro-izm) [ifKtuv, more; xpoa,
color]. The property possessed by some bodies,
especially crystals, of presenting different colors
when viewed in the direction of different axes.

pleochromatic (ple-o-kro-mat'-ik) [see pleochroism].
Pertaining to or exhibiting pleochroism.

pleocytosis (ple-o-si-to'-sis). Increase of lympho-
cytes in the cerebrospinal fluid.

pleomastia, pleomazia (ple-o-mas'-te-ah, ple-o-ma'-

PLEOMORPHIC

692

PLEUROPERITONITIS

ze-ah) [ir\kuv, more; naaros, or /xafos, breast]. The
condition of having more than two mammae. See
polymastia.

pleomorphic (ple-o-mor'-fik) [see pleomorphism].
Having more than one form.

pleomorphism (ple-o-mor'-fizm) [irAeaw, more;
uop<j>rj, form]. The state of being pleomorphic,
i. e., of existing in widely different forms.

pleonasm (ple'-o-nazm) [irXeovaanfc, an exaggera-
tion]. Any deformity marked by superabundance
of certain organs or parts.

plerosis (ple-ro'-sis) [wXripuais, a filling], i. The
restoration of lost tissue. 2. Plethora.

plesiomorphic (ples-e-o-mor'-fik) [ir\rj<rios, near;
fiop<pri, form]. Almost identical in form.

plesiomorphous (ples-e-o-mor'-fus) [irXrfo-ios, near;
fiop<pr), form]. Crystallizing in similar forms but
differing in chemical composition.

plesiopia (ples-e-o'-pe-ah) [ir\r)<rios, near; ty, eye].
Increased convexity of the crystalline lens, pro-
ducing myopia, and due to long-continued accommo-
dation-strain.

plessesthesia, plessaesthesia (ples-es-the' -ze-ah)
[irXrjao-eiv, to strike; aladrjais, perception by the senses].
Palpatory percussion performed by placing the left
middle finger firmly against the body surface and
percussing with the index-finger of the right hand,
allowing it to remain in contact with the left finger
for a few seconds.

plessigraph (pies' -e-graf) [TrXrjaaeiv, to strike;
ypaxpeiv, to write]. A form of pleximeter which
permits close distinctions to be made in the quality
of the sounds elicited, and by means of a crayon
attached to the stem, organs or dull areas may be
mapped on the surface of the skin.

plessimeter (ples-im' -et-er) . See pleximeter.

plessor (pies' -or). See plexor.

plethora (pleth'-or-ah) [irXrjOos, fulness]. A state
characterized by an excess of blood in the vessels,
and marked by reddish color of the face, a full pulse,
a feeling of fulness and tension in the head, drowsi-
ness, and a tendency to nosebleed.

plethoric (pleth'-or-ik) [plethora]. Pertaining to or
characterized by plethora.

plethysmography (pleth-iz'-mo-graf) [■w\r]dv<rp.6s, in-
creasing; ypa<j>eLv, to write]. An instrument for
ascertaining changes in the volume of an organ or
part, dependent upon changes in the quantity of the
blood.

pleura (ploo'-rah) [irXevpa, a side]. The serous
membrane which envelops the lung (p., pulmonary),
and, which being reflected back, lines the ental sur-
face of the thorax (p., costal), p. costalis. See p.,
costal, p., diaphragmatica, the reflection of the
pleura upon the upper surface of the diaphragm.
p. mediastinalis, a continuation of the costal pleura
covering the side of the mediastinum, p., parietalis.
Synonym of p., costal, p., pericardiaca, the portion
of the pleura contiguous to the pericardium, p.
phrenica. Synonym of p., diaphragmatica. p. pul-
monalis. Synonym of p., pulmonary, p., visceralis.
Synonym of p., pulmonary.

pleuracentesis (ploo-rah-sen-te'-sis). Same as
pleurocentesis.

pleural (ploo'-ral) [pleura]. Pertaining to the pleura.

pleuralgia (ploo-ral'-je-ah) [pleura; a\yos, pain].
Pain in the pleura or in the side; intercostal neuralgia.

pleuralgic (ploo-ral'-jik) [pleura; &\yos, pain].
Pertaining to or affected with pleuralgia.

pleurapophyseal (ploo'-rap-off-iz'-e-al) [pleura ; &ir6<p-
vtris, offshoot]. Pertaining to a pleurapophysis.

pleurapophysis (ploo-rap-of -is-is) [pleura; apophy-
sis]. One of the lateral processes of a vertebra,
having the morphologic valence of a rib.

pleurapostema (ploo-rap-os-te'-mah) [pleura; kizba-
rrjp.a, abscess]. A collection of pus in the pleural
cavity.

pleurarthrocace (ploo-rar-throk'-as-e) [pleura ; apBpov,
joint; kcucos, evil]. Disease of the costovertebral
joints; also, caries of the ribs.

pleurarthron (ploo-rar'-thron) [pleura; apdpov, joint].
The articulation of a rib.

pleurectomy (ploo-rek'-to-me) [pleura; iKrofiri, a
cutting out]. Excision of one or more ribs, in
whole or in part.

pleurisy (ploo'-ris-e) [pleura]. Pleuritis; inflamma-
tion of the pleura. It may be acute or chronic.
Three chief varieties are usually described, depending
upon the character of the exudate: (1) Fibrinous or
plastic; (2) serofibrinous; (3) purulent. In fibrinous

pleurisy the pleura is covered with a layer of lymph
of variable thickness, which, in the acute form, can
be readily stripped off. Serofibrinous pleurisy is
characterized by the presence of a considerable
quantity of fluid containing flocucli of lymph, and
the deposit of some fibrin on the pleural surface.
Purulent pleurisy, or empyema, is characterized by
the presence of a purulent exudate. Acute pleurisy
is marked by sharp and stabbing pain (stitch) in the
side, increased by breathing and coughing; by fever,
and by a friction-fremitus felt on palpation and a
to-and-fro friction-sound heard on auscultation.
In the serofibrinous variety a liquid effusion takes
place, the signs of which are: bulging of the inter-
costal spaces and chest-wall, absence of vocal fremi-
tus, displacement of the heart, movable dulness with
a curved upper line, and a tympanitic percussion-
note (Skodaic resonance) beneath the clavicle and
above the level of the effusion. Chronic pleurisy-
may be dry or serofibrinous, p., diaphragmatic,
that restricted to the pleural surface of the dia-
phragm, p., dry, that attended with little or no-
effusion of fluid, p., encysted, pleurisy in which
the effusion is circumscribed by adhesions, p.,
false, pleurodynia, p., fetid, that marked by the
presence of fetid fluid, p., hemorrhagic, a variety
in which the exudate contains blood, p., humid,
p., moist, that accompanied by expectoration,
p., ichorous. Same as p., fetid, p., interlobar,
that affecting the pleural layers between the lobes.
p., latent, a form without the subjective symptoms.
p., mediastinal, inflammation of the pleural layers
about the mediastinum, p., metapneumonic, pleu-
risy dependent upon a pneumonia, p., plastic,
that marked by a deposit of a layer of semisolid
exudate, p., purulent. Same as empyema, p.,
serofibrinous, a form marked by fluid exudate con-
taining flocculi and the deposit of some fibrin, p.
s cca. See p., 'dry.

pleuritic (ploo'-rit'-ik) [pleurisy]. Pertaining to,
affected with, or of the nature of pleurisy.

pleuritis (ploo'-ri'-tis). See pleurisy.

pleuro- (ploo'-ro-) [irXevpa, side]. A prefix denoting
connection with the pleura or with a side or rib.

pleurocele (ploo'-ro-sel) [pleuro-; ktjXti, hernia].
1. Hernia of the lung. 2. A serous effusion into the
pleural cavity.

pleurocentesis (ploo-ro-sen-te'-sis) [pleuro- ; Kkvrt\<jis,
a pricking]. Surgical puncture of the pleura.

pleurocentral (ploo-ro-sen'-tral). Pertaining to a
pleurocentrum.

pleurocentrum (ploo-ro-sen'-trum) [pleuro-; nkvrpov,
center: pi., pleurocentra], A hemicentrum; the
lateral element in a vertebral centrum.

pleurocholecystitis (ploo-ro-ko-le-sist-i'-tis) [pleuro- ;
X0X17, bile; cystitis]. Simultaneous inflammation of
the pleura and the gall-bladder.

pleuroclysis (ploo-rok'-lis-is) [pleuro-; k\v<tu, a
wash]. The injection of fluids into, or the washing
out of the pleural cavity.

pleurocolic (ploo-ro-kol'-ik) [pleuro-; colon]. Costo-
colic; joining the side and the colon.

pleurocollesis (ploo-ro-kol-e'-sis) [pleuro-; KoXXrjais,
a glueing]. Adhesion of the pleural layers.

pleurocutaneous (ploo-ro-ku-ta'-ne-us) [pleuro- ;
cutis, skin]. In relation with the pleura and the
skin, as a pleurocutaneous fistula.

pleurodont (ploo'-ro-dont) [pleuro-; 656vs, tooth].
In biology, a tooth, or an animal bearing teeth,
fastened into the jaw by a lateral ankylosis; as in
certain lizards.

pleurodynia (ploo-ro-din'-e-ah) [pleuro- ; odvvrj, pain].
A sharp pain in the intercostal muscles, of rheumatic
origin.

pleurogenic, pleurogenous (ploo-ro-jen'-ik, ploo-roj'-
en-us) [pleuro-; yewav, to produce]. Originating in
the pleura.

pleurohepatitis (ploo-ro-hep-at-i'-tis) [pleuro-; ^7rap,
liver; tru, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
pleura and the liver.

pleurolith (ploo'-ro-lith) [pleuro-; \ldos, a stone].
A calculus occurring in the pleura.

pleuropericarditis (ploo'~ro-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [pleuro- ;
pericarditis]. Pleurisy associated with pericarditis.

pleuroperitoneal (ploo'-ro-per-i-ton-e'-al) [pleuro- ,-
peritoneum]. Pertaining to the pleura and the peri-
toneum, p. cavity, the body-cavity.

pleuroperitonitis (ploo'-ro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pleuro- ,-
peritonitis]. The simultaneous existence of pleurisy
and peritonitis.

PLEUROPHOROUS

693

PLICA

pleurophorous (ploo-rof -or-us) [pleuro-; (pepew,
to bear]. Furnished with a membrane.

pleuropneumonia (ploo-ro-nu-mo'-ne-ah). Com-
bined inflammation of the pleura and of the lung,
especially a contagious variety occurring in cattle.

pleuropulmonary (ploo-ro-pul'-mo-na-re). Pertain-
ing to the pleura and the lungs.

pleuropyesis (ploo-ro-pi-e'-sis) [pleuro-; irvrjo-is,
suppuration]. Purulent pleurisy.

pleurorrhagia (ploo-ror-a'-je-ah) [pleuro-; p-qyvvvat,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the pleura.

pleurorrhea (ploo-ror-e'-ah) [pleuro-; pola, a flow].
An effusion of fluid into the pleura.

pleurosoma (ploo-ro-so'-mah) [pleuro-; avua, a
body]. A variety of monsters of the species Celo-
soma, in which there is a lateral eventration with
atrophy or imperfect development of the upper
extremity on the side of the eventration.

pleurosomus (ploo-ro-so'-mus). A monster ex-
hibiting pleurosomia.

pleurospasm (ploo'-ro-spazm) [pleuro-; airaa-fios,
spasm]. Cramp, or spasm in the side.

pleurosthotonos (ploo-ros-thot'-o-nos). See pleuro-
thotonos.

pleurothotonos (ploo-ro-thot'-o-nos) [irXevpoOev, from
the side; rbvos, tension]. A form of tetanic spasm of
the muscles in which the body is bent to one side.

pleurotomy (ploo-rot'-o-me) [pleuro-; to/it), a cutting].
Incision into the pleura.

pleurotyphoid (ploo-ro-ti-foid') . Typhoid fever with
involvement of the pleura.

pleurovisceral (ploo-ro-vis'-er-al) [pleuro-; viscus].
Pertaining to the pleura or side, and to the viscera.

plexal (pleks'-al) [plectere, to knit]. Pertaining
to or of the nature of a plexus.

plexiform (pleks'-if-orm) [plexus; forma, form].
Resembling a network or plexus.

pleximeter (pleks-im'-et-er) [irXijZis, a stroke;
ukrpov, a measure]. A disc placed on the body to
receive the stroke in mediate percussion.

pleximetric (pleks-im-et'-rik) [pleximeter]. Per-
taining to or performed with a pleximeter.

pleximetry (pleks-im'-et-re). Percussion by means
of a pleximeter.

plexor (pleks'-or) [wXtj^s, stroke]. A hammer used
for performing percussion.

plexus (pleks'-us) [plectere, to knit]. A network,
especially an aggregation of vessels or nerves forming
an intricate network, p., aortic, (i) a nerve plexus
on each side and in front of the abdominal aorta;
(2) one surrounding the thoracic aorta, p., basilaris,
the basilar sinus, consisting of a number of veins
connecting the two subpetrosal sinuses, p., brachial,
a plexus formed in the neck by the union of the
anterior branches of the lower four cervical and the
greater part of the first dorsal nerves. Its branches
are the rhomboid, subclavian, suprascapular, ex-
ternal anterior thoracic, musculocutaneous, sub-
scapular, median musculospiral, posterior thoracic,
internal anterior thoracic, internal cutaneous, lesser
internal cutaneous, and ulnar nerves, p., cardiac,
a plexus of nerves connected with the heart, p.,
cardiac, deep or great, the deep portion of the super-
ficial cardiac plexus, p., cardiac, superficial, or
anterior, one in the upper part of the chest, between
the arch of the aorta and base of the heart. It is
derived from the sympathetic nerve and is reinforced
by branches of the inferior, middle, and superior
cardiac, hypoglossal, and pneumograstric nerves.
p., carotid, external, one around the external carotid
artery, p., carotid, internal, one surrounding the
internal carotid artery, p., cavernous, a sympathetic
plexus in the cavernous sinus; it furnishes branches
to the internal carotid artery and connects with the
motor oculi, patheticus, and trigeminus nerves.
p., celiac, one close to the celiac axis, p., cervical,
a plexus in the neck formed by the anterior branches
of the upper four cervical nerves. Its branches are
the superficial, to skin of the head and neck; and
the deep, the phrenic, communicans noni, two muscu-
lar, and two communicating branches, p., choroid.
See choroid plexus, p., coccygeal, one on the dorsal
surface of the coccyx and caudal end of the sacrum.
p., coronary, anterior, one between aorta and pul-
monary artery, p., coronary, gastric, one at the
lesser curvature of the stomach, p., coronary, pos-
terior, one accompanying the posterior coronary
artery on the dorsum of the heart, p., crural, one
surrounding the upper portion of the femoral artery.
p., cystic, one near the gall-bladder, p., dental, in-

ferior, one around the roots of the teeth of the lower
jaw. p., diaphragmatic, one near the phrenic artery.
p., epigastric. Same as p., solar, p., esophageal,
one around the esophagus, p., facial, one enveloping
part of the facial artery, p., gangliform, one formed
from roots of origin of the inferior maxillary nerve.
p., gastric, a branch of the celiac plexus accompanying
the gastric artery, p., gastroduodenal, a branch of
the celiac plexus, p., hemorrhoidal, inferior and
middle, nerve-plexus derived from the pelvic plexus
near the rectum, p., hepatic, a branch of the celiac
plexus attending the hepatic artery to the liver.
p., hypogastric, one before the promontory of the
sacrum, p., hypogastric, inferior. Same as p.,
pelvic, p., infraorbital, one under the levator labii
superioris muscle, p., intestinal, submucous, Meiss-
ner's, in the submucosa of the small intestine, p.,
lingual, one around the lingual artery, p., lumbar,
one formed by the anterior divisions of the lumbar
spinal nerves in the psoas muscle, p. magnus pro-
fundus. Same as p., cardiac, deep, p., mesenteric,
inferior, one around the inferior mesenteric artery.
p., mesenteric, superior, one around the superior
mesenteric artery, p., myenteric, Auerbach's, one
between the circular and longitudinal muscular coats
of the small intestine, p., nasopalatine, one uniting
the nasopalatine nerves in the incisor foramen.
p., obturator, one around the obturator nerve, p.,
occipital, one around the occipital artery, p.,
ophthalmic, one around the ophthalmic artery and
the optic nerve, p., ovarian, (1) a venous plexus
in the broad ligament; (2) a nerve plexus distributed
to the ovaries, p., pampiniform, a venous plexus
of the spermatic cord, p., pancreatic, one that
supplies the pancreas, p., pancreaticoduodenal, one
near the head of the pancreas, p., parotid, the pes
anserinus, a. v. p., patellar, one in front of the patella.
p., pelvic, one at the side of the rectum and bladder,
distributed to the viscera of the pelvis and plexuses
of the pelvis, p., pharyngeal, (1) nerve-plexuses
supplying the pharynx; (2) venous plexus at the side
of the pharynx, p., phrenic, one accompanying
the phrenic arteries to the diaphragm, p., prostatic,
one occupying the sides of the prostate, p., ptery-
goid, a plexus of veins which accompanies the internal
maxillary artery between the pterygoid muscles.
p., pulmonary, anterior, one in front of the bronchus,
whence branches are distributed through the lung.
p., pulmonary, posterior, one at the back of the
bronchus, whence branches are distributed through
the lung, p., pyloric, one near the pylorus, p.,
renal, a plexus derived from the solar and abdominal
aortic plexuses; it accompanies the renal artery and
is distributed to the kidney, p., sacral, one ventrad
of the sacrum, p., semilunar, p., solar. See solar
plexus, p., spermatic, a nerve-plexus around the
spermatic vessels, supplying the testes (ovaries in
females), p., sphenoid, the upper part of the inter-
nal carotid plexus, p., splenic, one around the
splenic artery, p., subsartorial, one at the posterior
border of the sartorius muscle, p., subtrapezial, one
beneath the trapezius muscle, p., sympathetic, a
plexus formed by the branches of the sympathetic
nerve, p., thyroid, inferior, one around the external
carotid and inferior thyroid arteries, distributed to
the larynx, pharynx, and thyroid gland, p., thyroid,
superior, one around the thyroid gland, p., tonsillar,
one in the tonsil, p., tympanic, the tympanic portion
of the tympanic nerve, p., uterine, (1) a venous
plexus on the walls of the uterus, extending into the
broad ligament; (2) a nerve-plexus supplying the
cervix and lower part of the uterus, p., vaginal, (1)
a nerve-plexus supplying the walls of the vagina;
(2) a venous plexus near the entrance of the vagina.
p., vertebral, one surrounding the vertebral and
basilar arteries, p., vesical, one surrounding the
vesical arteries.

pli (pie) [Ft.]. 1. A gyrus or convolution. 2. A
fold. 3- Plica.

plica (pli'-kah) [L.]. 1. A fold. 2. See p. polonica.
p. chorioidea, the transverse fold of invaginated
roof-plate produced by the metencephalic flexure of
the primitive brain, p. epigastrica, fold of peri-
toneum covering the deep epigastric artery, p.
fimbriata, a fold of mucous membrane having a
fringed free edge on either side of the frenum lingua?.
p. gubernatrix, a fold of peritoneum containing the
lower part of the gubernaculum testis, p. hypo-
gastrica. Same as p. umbilicalis lateralis, p.
lacrimalis. See Hasner's valves, p. neuropathica,

PLICATE

694

PNEUMARTHROSIS

a curling of the hair from a nervous derangement,
plicee palmatae, radiating folds in the mucous mem-
brane of the cervix, p. polonica, a matted, en-
tangled condition of the hair, due to want of cleanli-
ness in certain diseases of the scalp. Syn., Polish
plait, p. salpingopalatina, a fold of mucous mem-
brane stretching from the torus tubarius to the
palate, p. salpingopharyngea, a vertical fold of
mucous membrane stretching from the torus tubarius
to the pharynx, p. semilunaris, a conjunctival fold
in the inner canthus of the eye, the rudiment of the
nictitating membrane of birds, p. sublingualis, a
fold of mucous membrane caused by the projection
of the sublingual gland, p. triangularis, a triangular
membrane extending from the upper posterior por-
tion of the anterior faucial pillar backward and
downward until lost in the tissues at the base of the
tongue, p. umbilicalis lateralis, fold of peritoneum
covering the obliterated hypogastric artery, p.
umbilicalis media, a fold of peritoneum covering the
urachus. p. urachi. Same as p. umbilicalis media.
p. vascularis, a fold of peritoneum containing the
spermatic vessels.

plicate (pli'-kat) [plicare, to fold]. Folded;
plaited.

plication (pli-ka'-shun). A plica or fold.
plicotomy (pli-kot'-o-me) [plica; ronri, a cutting].
Division of the posterior fold of the tympanic mem-
brane.

Plimmer's bodies (plim'-er) [Henry George
Plimmer, English protozoologist]. Intracellular bod-
ies observed by Plimmer in cancerous tissue.

plomb (plum) [Fr., plomber, to plug a tooth].
A filling for a cavity, p., iodoform (of Mosetig-
Moorhof), an antibacillary agent for filling bone-
cavities after operations for tuberculosis or osteo-
myelitis. It consists of iodoform, spermaceti, and
oil of sesame, which are sterilized, heated, and
poured into the cavity, when the mixture solidifies
and fills it.

ploration (plo-ra'-shun) [plorare, to weep]. Lacri-
mation.

plug. Something that occludes a circular open-
ing or channel, p., cervical. Synonym of p., mu-
cous, p., kite-tail, a tampon resembling a kite-tail.
p., mucous, the mass of inspissated mucus which
occludes the cervix uteri during pregnancy and is
discharged at the beginning of labor, p.s, Dittrich's.
See under Dittrich.

Plugge's phenol reaction (plu'-geh). A dilute phenol
solution is rendered intensely red on boiling with a
solution of mercuric nitrate containing a trace of
nitrous acid. Metallic mercury Is separated at the
same time, and an odor of salicylol is given off.

plugger (plug'-ur). An instrument for the inser-
tion and impaction of filling materials in cavities in
teeth.

plugging (plug'-ing). See tampon, p. instruments,
dental instruments for introducing and consolidating
fillings, p. teeth. See filling teeth.
plumbago (plum-ba'-go). See graphite.
plumbi (plum'-bi). Genitive of Latin plumbum,
lead.

plumbic (plum'-bik) [plumbum]. Pertaining to or
containing lead.

plumbism (plum'-bizm) [plumbum]. Lead-poison-
ing.

plumbite (plum' -bit). A general term for any
compound formed by union of lead oxide with a
base.

plumbum (plum' -bum) [L.]. Lead, a bluish-white
metal occurring in nature chiefly as the sulphide,
PbS, known as galena; atomic weight 207.10; sp. gr.
11.38; quantivalence II and IV; symbol Pb. The
salts of lead are poisonous, producing, in sufficient
doses, gastroenteritis; ingested in small quantities
over a long period of time chronic lead-poisoning is
produced. See lead-poisoning, plumbi acetas (U.
S. P.), lead acetate, Pb(C2H302)2 . 3H2O. It is used
as an astringent in diarrhea and dysentery, as a
hemostatic, and as an astringent and sedative in
gonorrhea, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, etc. Dose
i-3 gr- (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., sugar of lead, plumbi
carbonas, lead carbonate, white lead, (PbC03>2 . -
Pb(OH)2, is used as a local sedative in ointments and
in face-powders. The prolonged use of the latter
has caused poisoning, plumbi chloridum, lead chlo-
ride, PbCh, is used like the carbonate, plumbi,
emplastrum (U. S. P.), lead plaster, is made of lead
acetate, soap, and water, and is used as an external

application to irritated surfaces, and in the arts
for glazing pottery and as an ingredient of fluid glass.
Combined with olive-oil it constitutes unguentum
diachylon (U. S. P.). plumbi iodidum (U. S. P.),
lead iodide, PbL, is used as a local astringent and
absorbent, plumbi nitras (U. S. P.), lead nitrate,
Pb(N03)2, is used locally as a sedative to excoriated
surfaces, as sore nipples, chapped hands; in gonorrhea
and leukorrhea; in onychia maligna, etc. Ledoyen's
disinfecting fluid is a solution of lead nitrate of the
strength of one dram to the ounce, plumbi oxidum
(U. S. P.), lead oxide or litharge, PbO, is used in the
making of lead plaster, plumbi oxidum rubrum,
red lead, minium, is used extensively in the arts as
a paint and in the manufacture of glass, plumbi
subacetas, lead subacetate, is a basic salt, plumbi
subacetatis, ceratum (U. S. P.), is made up of lead
subacetate, wool-fat, paraffin, white petrolatum, and
camphor, plumbi subacetatis, liquor (U. S. P.,
B. P.), Goulard's extract, plumbi subacetatis,
liquor, dilutus (U. S. P., B. P.), lead-water, is used
as a sedative and astringent in inflammations and
burns, plumbi tannas, lead tannate, is used as a
sedative astringent.

Plummer's pill (plum'-er) [Andrew Plummer,
Scotch physician, -1756]. Compound pill of

calomel and antimony. See under antimony.

plumose, plumous (ploo'-mos, ploo'-mus) [pluma,
feather]. In biology, having feathers; feathery;
feathered; of bacteria, denoting a fleecy or feathery
growth. ,

plumper (plum' -per). One of a pair of pads worn
in the hollow of the cheeks to give them a rounded
appearance; sometimes attached to a set of artificial
teeth.

plumula (ploo'-mu-lah) [plumula, a little feather;
pi., plumula]. Minute transverse furrows on the
roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius.

Plunkett's caustic, or ointment (plunk' -et). A
caustic paste composed of the bruised plant of
Ranunculus acris and of R. flammula, each 24 parts;
arsenous acid, 3 parts; sulphur, 5 parts. These are
mixed into a paste, rolled into balls, and dried in the
sun. When used the ball must be reduced to a pasty
consistence by rubbing with yolk of egg.

pluriceptor (ploo-re-sep'-tor) [plus, more; caper e, to
take]. A receptor with more than two comple-
mentophile groups.

pluricordonal (ploo-ri-kord'-on-al) [plus, more;
chorda, a string]. Having several processes.

plurifetation (ploo-ri-fe-ta'-shun) [plus, more; fetus].
The conception of twins, triplets, etc.

pluriglandular (ploo-re-glan'-du-lar). Referring to
more than one gland or to the secretions of more than
one gland.

plurilocular (ploo-ril-ok' -u-lar) [plus, more; loculus,
a cell]. Having more than one cell or loculus; multi-
locular.

pluripara (ploo-rip'-ar-ah). See multipara.

pluriparity (ploo-rip-ar'-it-e) [plus, more; parere,
to bring forth]. The condition of having borne
several children.

pluriseptate (ploo-ris-ep'-tdt) [plus, more; septum,
a partition].'' Having more than one septum or
partition.

plutomania (ploo-to-ma'-ne-ah) [itKovtos, wealth;
navla, madness]. An insane belief that one is the
possessor of great wealth.

pluviometric (ploo-ve-o-met'-rik) [pluvia, rain ; ukrpov,
a measure]. Relating to the measurement of rain-
falls.

pneodynamics (ne-o-di-nam'-iks) [irveiy, to breathe;
SbvauLs, power]. The dynamics of respiration.

pneogaster (ne'-o-gas-ter) [irvelv, to breathe; yao-rrip,
stomach]. In biology, the respiratory tract.

pneograph (ne'-o-graf) [weiv, to breathe; ypiupeiv,
to write]. An instrument for recording the force
and character of the current of air during respiration.

pneometer (ne-om'-et-er). Synonym of spiro-
meter.

pneophore (ne'-o-for) [wtlv, to breathe ; <f>op6s,
carrying]. An instrument to aid artificial respiration
in the asphyxiated.

pneoscope (ne'-o-skop) [-wvtlv, to breathe; cwoiceiv,
to examine]. An instrument for measuring respira-
tory movements.

pneuma (nu'-mah) [irvevp.a, breath]. 1. Air; a
breath. 2. The vital principle.

pneumarthrosis (nu-mar-thro'-sis) [irv&jp.a, air;
apBpov, a joint]. A collection of air or gas in a joint.

PNEUMASCOPE

695

PNEUMOMETRY

pneumascope (nu'-mah-skop). See pneumatoscope.

pneumatelectasis (nu-mat-el-ek'-tas-is). Atelec-
tasis of the lungs.

pneumathemia (nu-ma-the'-me-ah) [irvev/xa, air;
alua, blood]. The presence of air or gas in the
blood-vessels.

pneumatic (nu-mat'-ik) [-n-vevna, air], i. Pertaining
to air or gas. 2. Pertaining to respiration. 3- Per-
taining to compressed or rarefied air. p. cabinet, a
cabinet for treating a part by compressed or rare-
fied air. p. speculum. See Siegle's speculum.
p. trough, a trough partly filled with water for facili-
tating the collection of gases.

pneumatics (nu-mat'-iks) [wevfia, air]. The branch
of physics treating of the physical properties of air
and gases.

pneumatinuria (nu-mat-in-ii'-re-ah). See pneu-
maturia.

pneumato- {nu-mat-o-) [irvevna, air]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to air, gas, or breath.

pneumatocardia (nu-mat-o-kar'-de-ah) [pneumato- ;
tcapdla, heart]. The presence of air or gas in the
chambers of the heart.

pneumatocele (nu'-mat-o-sel) [pneumato-; K17X77,
tumor]. 1. A swelling containing air or gas. 2. See
pneumonocele. 3. A swelling of the scrotum pro-
duced by the presence of gas.

pneumatochemical (nu-mat-o-kem'-ik-al). 1. Relat-
ing to the chemistry of gases. 2. Relating to the
treatment of pulmonary disease by inhalation of
medicated vapors, p. apparatus of Priestley. See
pneumatic trough.

pneumatodyspnea, pneumato dyspnoea {nu-mat-o-
disp'-ne-ah) [pneumato-; dyspnea]. Emphysematous
dyspnea.

pneumatogeny (nil-mat-oj'-en-e) [pneumato-; yev-
vav, to produce]. Artificial respiration.

pneumatogram {nil-mat' -o- gram) [pneumato-; ypa.fi-
ua, inscription]. A tracing showing the frequency,
duration, and depth of the respiratory movements.

pneumatograph. See pneumograph.

pneumatology (nu-mat-ol'-o-je) [pneumato-; ~K6yos,
science]. 1. The science of respiration. 2. The
science of gases; also their use as therapeutic agents.

pneumatometer (nu-mat-om'-et-er). An instrument
for measuring the pressure of inspiration or expiration
by the force exerted upon a mercuric column con-
tained in a U-tube.

pneumatometry (nu-mat-om'-et-re) [pneumato- ;
fxkrpov, measure]. 1. The measurement of the force
in respiration. It is used as a means of diagnosis.
2. The treatment of pulmonary and circulatory
diseases by means of a pneumatic apparatus.

pneumatomphalocele (nu-mat-om-fal'-o-sel) [pneu-
mato-; dn<j>a\6s, navel; Kt]\rj, tumor]. An umbilical
hernia containing flatus.

pneumatorrhachis (nu-mat-or' -a-kis) [pneumato- ;
paxts, spine]. The presence of air in the spinal canal.

pneumatoscope (nii'-mat-o-skop) [pneumato-; hko-
veiv, to examine]. 1. An apparatus for measuring
the gas in expired air. 2. An instrument for internal
auscultation of the thorax. 3. An instrument for
determining the presence of foreign bodies in the
mastoid sinuses. 4. See pneumograph.

pneumatosis (nu-mat-o'-sis) [irvevfia, air]. The
presence of gas or air in abnormal places, or in an
excessive quantity where a little exists normally.

pneumatotherapy (nu-mat-o-ther'-ap-e) [pneumato- ;
OepaweLa, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by
means of compressed or rarefied air.

pneumatothorax (nu-mat-o-lho'-raks). See pneu-
mothorax.

pneumaturia (nil-mat-u'-re-ah) [pneumato-; ovpov,
urine]. The evacuation of urine containing free
gas.

pneumatype (nu'-mat-ip) [irvevfia, air; rviros, type].
Breath-picture. The deposit formed upon a piece
of glass by the moist air exhaled through the nostrils
when the mouth is closed. It is employed in the
diagnosis of nasal obstruction. Slate-paper may be
used, pulverized sulphur or boric acid being blown
upon the moistened surface to make a permanent
record.

pneumectomy (nu-mek' -to-me) . See pneumonec-
tomy.

pneumin (nu'-min). See methylene creosote.

pneumo- (nu-mo-). The same as pneumono-.

pneumoarctia (nu-mo-ark' -te-ah) [pneumo-; arctare,
to contract]. Contraction of the lungs; pneumono-
stenosis.

pneumobacillin (nu-mo-bas-il'-in) . A toxic extract
of pneumobacilli.

pneumobacillus (nu-mo-bas-iV -us) . The Bacillus
pneumonia.

pneumobacterine (nu-mo-bak'-ter-en). A stock
vaccine obtained from cultures of the pneumococcus.

pneumocace (nu-mok'-as-e) [pneumo-; kclkos, evil].
Gangrene of the lung.

pneumocele (nii'-mo-sel). See pneumatocele.

pneumocentesis (nu-mo-sen-te'-sis) [pneumo- ;
KkvT-q<ns, puncture]. Paracentesis of the lung, especi-
ally for the purpose of evacuating a cavity.

pneumocephalus (nu-mo-sef -a-lus) [pneumo-; Ke<f>-
a\r], head]. The presence of air or gas within the
cranial cavity.

pneumochemical. See pneumatochemical.

pneumochirurgia (nu-mo-ki-rur'-je-ah) [pneumo-;
xet-povpyLa, surgery]. Surgery of the lungs.

pneumochysis (nu-mok'-is-is) [pneumo-; x^w,
a pouring]. Pulmonary edema.

pneumococcal (nu-mo-kok'-al). Pertaining to or
caused by pneumococci.

pneumococcemia, pneumococcaemia (nu-mo-kok-
se'-me-ah) [pneumococcus ; alfia, blood]. The presence
of pneumococci in the blood.

pneumococcia (nu-mo-kok'-se-ah). Generalized
infection by pneumococci.

pneumococcus (nu-mo-kok'-us). Any micrococcus
of the lung; especially the micrococcus lanceolatus.

pneumoconiosis (nii-mo-kon-e-o' -sis) . See pneumo-
nokoniosis.

pneumoderma (nu-mo-der'-mah) [pneumo-; bkpfia,
skin]. Subcutaneous emphysema.

pneumoenteritis (nii-mo-en-ter-i'-tis) [pneumo- ;
enteritis]. Inflammation of the lungs and of the
intestine. See hog-cholera, p., infectious. Syno-
nym of hog-cholera.

pneumoerysipelas (nu-mo-er-e-sip'-el-as). Pneu-
monia associated with erysipelas.

pneumogalactocele {nu-mo- gal-ak' '-to-sel) [pneumo-;
galactocele]. A galactocele containing gas.

pneumogastric (nu-mo-gas'-trik) [pneumo-; yaarrip,
stomach]. 1. Pertaining conjointly to the lungs
and the stomach. 2. Pertaining to the pneumo-
gastric or vagus nerve, p. nerve. See under nerve.

pneumogram {nu' -mo-gram) [pneumo-; ypan/xa,
writing]. The tracing afforded by the pneumograph.

pneumograph (nu'-mo-graf) [pneumo-; ypafaiv,
to write]. An instrument for recording the move-
ments of the chest in respiration.

pneumography (nu-mog'-ra-fe) [see pneumograph].
A description of the lungs.

pneumohemothorax {nu-mo-hem-o-tho'-raks). A
collection of air or gas and blood in the pleural
cavity.

pneumohydrometra inu-mo-hi-dro-me' -trah) [pneu-
mo-; hydrometra]. Hydrometra associated with
the generation of gas in the uterus.

pneumohydropericardium {nii-mo-hi-dro-per-e-kar' -
de-um) [pneumo-; v5a>p, water; pericardium]. An
accumulation of air and fluid in the pericardial sac.

pneumohydrothorax (nu-mo-hi-dro-tho'-raks). A
collection of air or gas and fluid in the pleural cavity.

pneumohypoderma (nu-mo-hi-po-der'-mah) [pneu-
mo-; viro, under; Skpua, skin]. Subcutaneous emphy-
sema.

pneumokoniosis. See pneumonokoniosis.

pneumolith (jiu'-mo-lith) [pneumo-; \UBos, a stone].
A calculus of the lung.

pneumolithiasis (nu-mo-lith-i'-as-is) [pneumo-;
\L80s, stone]. The formation of pneumoliths.

pneumology (nu-mol'-o-je) [pneumo-; X6yos, sci-
ence]. The sum of scientific knowedge concerning
the lungs and air-passages.

pneumolysis (nu-mol'-is-is) [pneumo-; Xwris, a
loosening]. Loosening from the intrathoracic fascia
of thickened pleura which causes contraction of the
lung.

pneumomalacia (nu-mo-mal-a'-se-ah) [pneumo- ;
nakaida, softness]. Abnormal softness of the lung.

pneumomassage (nu-mo-mas-sahzj') [pneumo- ;
tiavaeiv, to knead]. The application of massage
or passive motion to the tympanic membrane and
auditory ossicles by pneumatic means.

pneumomelanosis. See pneumonomelanosis.

pneumometer, pneumatometer, pneumomometer
{nu-mom' -et-er , nu-mat-om'-et-er, nu-mo-mom' -et-er) .
Synonyms of spirometer.

pneumometry, pneumatometry (nu-mom'-et-re, nu-
mat-om'-et-re) [pneumo-; p.irpov, a measure]. 1. The

PNEUMOMYCOSIS

696

PNEUMOPALUDISM

measurement of the force of respiration. 2. The
treatment of pulmonary and circulatory diseases by
means of a pneumatic apparatus.

pneumomycosis (nu-mo-mi-ko'-sis). A disease of
the lungs due to fungi.

pneumon- (nu'-mon) [irvevixuv, lung]. A prefix
denoting connection with or relation to the lungs.

pneumonalgia (nu-mo-nal'-je-ah) [pneumon-; aKyos,
pain]. Pain in the lung.

pneumonatelectasis (nu-mon-at-el-ek'-tas-is) [pneu-
mon-; atelectasis]. Atelectasis of the lung.

pneumonectasia, pneumonectasis (nu-mon-ek-ia'-
ze-ah, nu-mon-ek' -tas-is) [pneumono-; inratris, dis-
tention]. Emphysema of the lung.

pneumonectomy (nu-mon-ek' -to-me) [pneumono-;
eKTon-f], excision]. Excision of a portion of a lung.

pneumonedema (nu-mon-e-de'-mah) [pneumon- ;
edema]. Edema of the lungs.

pneumonemia, pneumonaemia (nu-mon-e'-me-ah)
[pneumon-; alua, blood]. Congestion of the lungs.

pneumonemphraxis (nu-mon-em-fraks'-is) [pneu-
mon-; en<j>pa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction of the
lungs or the bronchi.

pneumonemphysema (nu-mon-em-fiz-e'-mah)

[pneumo-; e^va-qua, inflation]. Emphysema of the
lungs.

pneumonia (nu-mo'-ne-ah) [irvebfiwv, lung]. In-
flammation of the lung; pneumonitis. Used without
qualification, the term implies lobar pneumonia
(q. v.). p., abortive, acute congestion not followed
by other stages, p., acute, lobar pneumonia, most
often due to a specific microorganism, p., alcoholic,
the croupous pneumonia of drunkards, often asso-
ciated with delirium, and very fatal, p., apex-,
p., apical, croupous pneumonia of the apex of a lung.
p., aspiration-, a bronchopneumonia due to the
inspiration of food-particles or other irritant sub-
stances into the lung, p., bronchial, p., catarrhal.
Synonym of bronchopneumonia, p., central, a
croupous pneumonia beginning in the interior of a
lobe of the lung. The physical signs are obscure
until the inflammation reaches the surface, p.,
cerebral, a form associated with marked cerebral
symptoms. It is most common in children, and in
the beginning resembles meningitis, p., cheesy.
See p., desquamative, p., chronic. Seep, interstitial.
p., contusion, that following contusion of the chest.
p., croupous. See p., lobar, p., deglutition-. Syno-
nym of p., aspiration-, p., desquamative, a form
characterized chiefly by an intense desquamation
of the cells lining the air-vesicles, a proliferation of
the connective-tissue cells of the septa between the
vesicles, and the exudation of a scanty albuminous
fluid. The exudate generally undergoes caseous
degeneration, p., disseminated, bronchopneumonia.
p., double, lobar pneumonia of both lungs, p.,
embolic, pneumonia due to embolism of the vessels
of the lung, p., ephemeral, congestion of the lungs.
p., fibrinous. See p., lobar, p., fibroid, p., fibrous.
Synonym of p., interstitial, p., gangrenous, gangrene
of the lung, p., hypostatic, a lobular pneumonia
occurring in the dependent portions of the lungs of
persons debilitated by age or disease, and depending
on the weakened circulation and respiration and the
dorsal decubitus, p., indurative. See p., desquama-
tive. _ p., insular. Synonym of bronchopneumonia.
p., interstitial, a chronic inflammation of the lung
characterized by an increase of the connective
tissue. Syn., cirrhosis of the lung; fibroid pneumonia.
p., larval, that presenting only initial symptoms.
p., lobar, an acute infectious disease characterized by
an inflammation of one or more lobes of the lung,
the affected parts becoming consolidated, owing to
the exudation of cells and fibrin into the air- vesicles.
The exciting cause is usually Diplococcus pneumonia.
of Frankel, but other microorganisms may produce it.
Syn., croupous pneumonia; lung-fever, p., lobular.
Synonym of bronchopneumonia, p., massive, lobar
pneumonia in which not only the air-cells, but the
bronchi of an entire lobe, or even of a lung, are filled
with the fibrinous exudate, p. migrans, p., migratory,
a form involving one lobe after another, p., pleuritic,
pleuropneumonia, p., pleurogenic, p., pleurogenous,
pneumonia secondary to disease of the pleura.
p., purulent, one characterized by the formation of
pus; it appears under three forms, suppuration of
the minute bronchi and air-vesicles — purulent
catarrh; true abscess of the lung; suppurative
lymphangitis and perilymphangitis, p., septic,
lobular pneumonia due to the inspiration of septic

material or to septic emboli, p., superficial, that
restricted to parts near the pleura, p., syphilitic,
inflammation of the lung due to syphilis and mani-
festing itself as the white pneumonia of the fetus;
as gumma of the lung; as interstitial pneumonia,
taking its origin at the root of the lung and passing
along the bronchi and vessels; and as acute syphilitic
phthisis, analogous to acute pneumonic phthisis.
p., tubular. Synonym of bronchopneumonia, p.,
typhoid, that attended with typhoid symptoms.
p. vera, lobar pneumonia not complicated with other
diseases or forms, p., vesicular, bronchopneumonia.
p., wandering, that which affects different parts of
the lung in succession and seems to be associated
with erysipelas, p., white, a catarrhal form of
pneumonia occurring in a syphilitic fetus and resulting
in death. By an overgrowth of epithelium in the
air-vesicles the cells die, and fatty degeneration
follows, giving the lungs a white appearance, with
the imprint of the ribs on their surface.

pneumonic (nu-mon'-ik) [see pneumonia]. Per-
taining to the lungs or to pneumonia, p. phthisis,
tuberculosis affecting a whole lobe of the lung.

pneumonitis (nu-mon-i'-tis). Pneumonia.

pneumono- (nu-mon-o-) [irveb^wv, lung]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to the lungs.

pneumonocace (nu-mon-ok'-as-e) [pneumono-; «a-
kos, evil]. Gangrene of the lung.

pneumonocele (nu'-mon-o-sel) [pneumono-; kt/Xt],
hernia]. Hernia of the lung.

pneumonocentesis (nu-mon-o-sen-fe'-sis) . Same as
pneumocentesis.

pneumonocirrhosis (nii-mon-o-sir-o'-sis) [pneu-
mono-; cirrhosis]. Cirrhosis of the lung, interstitial
pneumonia.

pneumonodynia (nii-mon-o-din'-e-ah) [pneumono- ;
65vv7), pain]. Pain referred to the lungs.

pneumonokoniosis (nu-mon-o-kon-e-o'-sis) [pneu-
mono- ; kovls, dust]. A general term applied to chronic
induration or fibrous inflammation of the lungs due
to the inhalation of dust. Various names are given
to it according to the kind of dust causing the in-
flammation: anthracosis, that due to the inhalation
of coal-dust; siderosis, that due to inhalation of
metallic dust; chalicosis, that due to the inhalation
of mineral dust.

pneumonolithiasis (nu-mon-o-lith-i'-as-is) [pneu-
mono-; \L9os, stone]. _ The formation of pneumoliths.

pneumonomelanosis (nu-mon-o-mel-an-o'-sis)

[pneumono-; n'ekas, black; v6<ros, disease]. Anthra-
cosis of the lung.

pneumonometer (nu-mon-om'-et-er). Synonym of
spirometer.

pneumonomycosis (nu-mon-o-mi-ko' -sis) . See

pneumomycosis.

pneumonoparalysis (nu-mon-o-par-aV -is-is) [pneu-
mono-; paralysis]. Paralysis of the lung.

pneumonopathy (nu-mon-op' -ath-e) [pneumono-;
irados, disease]. Any disease of the lung.

pneumonopexy (nu-mon' -o-peks-e) [pneumono-;
■wfihs, a fixing]. Fixation of a stump of lung tissue
to the thoracic wall in connection with pneumonec-
tomy for gangrene, hernia, or other pulmonary
lesion.

pneumonophlebitis (nu-mon-o-fleb-i'-tis) [pneu-
mono- ; <j>\k\p, vein; im, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the pulmonary veins.

pneumonophthisis (nu-mon-off'-this-is) [pneumono- ;
<j>9i<rt.s, a wasting]. A destructive process in the
lungs.

pneumonopleuritis (nu-mon-o-ploo-ri'-tis). Syno-
nym of pleuropneumonia.

pneumonorrhagia (nu-mon-or-a'-je-ah) [pneumono-;
prtyvvvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
lungs.

pneumonorrhaphy (nu-mon-or'-af-e) [pneumono-;
pa<j>ri, a seam]. Suture of lacerations of the lung.

pneumonosepsis (nu-mon-o-sep'-sis) [pneumono-;
arj\{/is, putrefaction]. Septic inflammation of the

lung- ,:

pneumonosis (nu-mon-o' -sis) [pneumo-; vbaos, dis-
ease]. Any affection of the lungs.

pneumonostenosis (nu-mon-o-sten-o'-sis). Con-
traction of a lung.

pneumonotomy (nu-mon-ot'-o-me) [pneumo-; ronn,
a cutting]. Surgical incision of the lung.

pneumopaludism (nu-mo-paV -u-dizm) [pneumo- ;
paludism]. A manifestation of malaria characterized
by the impairment of the percussion resonance at
one apex, bronchial respiratory murmurs, broncho-

PNEUMOPARESIS

697

PODOPHYLLUM

phony, without rales, friction, or expectoration;,
cough occurs in paroxysms.

pneumoparesis (nu-mo-par'-es-is) [pneumo-; pare-
sis]. Progressive congestion of the lungs apparently
depending on vasomotor deficiency or other fault
of innervation; simple respiratory failure.

pneumopericarditis (nu-mo-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [pneu-
mo-; pericarditis]. Pericarditis with the formation
of gas in the pericardial sac.

pneumopericardium (nu-mo-per-e-kar'-de-um) .

The presence of air in the pericardial sac. It is due
to traumatism or to communication between the
pericardium and the esophagus, stomach, or lungs,
and is marked by tympany over the precordial region
and peculiar metallic heart-sounds.

pneumoperitoneum {nu-mo-per-it-on-e'-um) [pneu-
mo-; peritoneum]. The presence of gas in the peri-
toneal cavity.

pneumoperitonitis {nu-mo-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pneumo- ;
peritonitis]. Peritonitis with the presence of gas
in the peritoneal cavity.

pneumopexy (nu'-mo-peks-e). Same as pneumono-
pexy.

pneumophthisis {nu-moff'-this-is) [pneumo-; 4>dlais,
wasting]. A destructive process in the lung.

pneumophyma {nu-mo-fi'-mah) [pneumo-; <pvua,
growth; pi., pneumophymata]. A tubercle of the lung.

pneumophymia (nu-mo-fi'-me-ah) [pneumo-; <j>vna,
growth]. Tuberculosis of the lung.

pneumopleuritis (nu-mo-ploo-ri'-tis) [pneumo- ;
pleura; ins, inflammation]. Conjoined inflammation
of the lungs and pleura.

pneumoprotein {nu-mo-pro'-te-in). A protein
elaborated by pneumococci.

pneumoptysis (nu-mop'-tis-is). Same as hemoptysis.

pneumopyopericardium (nu-mo-pi-o-per-e-kar'-de-
um) [pneumo-; irvov, pus; pericardium]. The presence
of air or gas and pus in the pericardial sac.

pneumopyothorax (nu-mo-pi-o-tho'-raks) [pneumo- ;
irvov, pus; thorax]. The presence of air and pus in
the pleural cavity.

pneumopyra (nu-mo-pi'-rah) [pneumo-; irvp, fire].
Malignant bronchitis.

pneumorrhachis. See pneumatorrhachis.

pneumorrhagia (nii-mor-a'-je-ah). See hemoptysis.

pneumosan (nu'-mo-san). Amyl-thio-trimethyl-
amine chloride; used for intramuscular injection in
pulmonary tuberculosis.

pneumoserothorax (nu'-mo-se-ro-tho'-raks) [pneu-
mo-; serum; 6a>pa£, chest]. The presence of air or
gas and serum in the pleural cavity.

pneumotherapy (nu-mo-ther'-ap-e). i. The treat-
ment of diseases of the lung. 2. See pneumato-
therapy.

pneumothermomassage (nu-mo-ther-mo-mas-ahzj')
[pneumo-; depurj, heat; massage]. The application
to the body of currents of air of varying degrees of
pressure and temperature.

pneumothorax (nic-mo-tho'-raks). The presence
of air or gas in the pleural cavity. It is produced
by perforating wounds of the chest, by the rupture
of an abscess or tuberculous cavity of the lung, by
the rupture of an emphysematous vesicle, or the
evacuation of an empyema into the lung or through
the chest-wall. It is marked by dyspnea, shock,
pain, a tympanitic (sometimes a dull) percussion-note
over the affected side, displacement of the heart,
bell-tympany, and diminished respiratory murmur.

pneumotomy (nu-mof -o-me) [pneumo-; ropA\, a
cutting]. Surgical incision of the lung. Synonym
of pneumonotomy.

pneumotoxin (nu-mo-toks' -in) [pneumo-; to£u<6v,
a poison]. A toxin produced by the pneumococcus,
and believed to be the cause of many of the symptoms
of lobar pneumonia. Anti pneumotoxin is the name
given to the antitoxin supposed to exist in the blood
of persons convalescent from lobar pneumonia.

pneumotyphoid (nu-mo-ti'-foid) . Synonym of pneu-
molyphus.

pneumotyphus (nu-mo-li'-fus) [pneumo-; typhus].
1. Typhoid fever beginning with pneumonia de-
pendent upon the typhoid bacillus. 2. Pneumonia
occurring in the course of typhoid fever.

pneumouria (nu-mo-u'-re-ah). See pnuematuria.

pneusimeter (nii-simf-et-er) [irvtwis, a breathing;
ukrpov, a measure]. An apparatus used as a spirom-
eter to measure the vital capacity of the chest in
respiration.

pneusis (nii'-sis) [irvelv, to breathe]. Respiration.
p. pertussis. Synonym of whooping-cough.

pnigma (nig'-mah) [irviyeiv, to choke]. Strangu-
lation.

pnigophobia (ni-go-fo'-be-ah) [irvlyetv, to choke;
06jSos, fear]. The fear of choking that sometimes
accompanies angina pectoris.

pnigos, pnix, pnixis (ni'-gos, niks, niks'-is). Syn-
onyms of pnigma.

pock (pok) [AS., poc, a pustule]. A pustule of an
eruptive fever, especially of smallpox, p.-marked,
marked with the cicatrices of the smallpox pustule.

pocked (pokt). Pitted; marked with pustules.

pocket (pok'-et). In anatomy, a blind sac, or sac-
shaped cavity. A diverticulum communicating with
a cavity.

pocketing (pok'-et-ing). A mode of treating the
pedicle in the operation of ovariotomy. It is accom-
plished by bringing the extremity of the pedicle be-
tween the inner lips of the incision, at its lower angle,
thus securing its attachment to the raw surface of the
abdominal wall.

pocky {pok'-e). Having pocks or pustules; . in-
fected with variola or syphilis.

poculent {pok'-u-lent) [poculum, a goblet]. Drink-
able; potable.

poculum (pok'-u-lum) [potare, to drink]. 1. A
drinking cup. 2. A draught or potion, p. Diogenis
(di of -en-is), the palm of the hand when held so as
to form a cup-like cavity.

podagra (pod-ag'-rah) [irovs, foot; ay pa, seizure].
Gout, especially of the great toe or the joints of the
foot.

podalgia (pod-al'-je-ah) [irovs, foot; aXyos, pain].
Pain in the foot.

podalic (pod-al'-ik) [irovs, foot]. Pertaining to the
feet. p. version, the operation of changing the po-
sition of the fetus in the uterus so as to bring the feet
to the outlet.

podarthral (pod-ar'-thral) [irovs, foot; apdpov, a joint].
Pertaining to the podar thrum.

podarthritis (pod-ar-thri'-tis) [irovs, foot; apdpov,
joint; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the joints
of the feet.

podarthrocace (pod-ar-throk'-as-e) [irovs, foot; apdpov
joint; KaKos, evil]. Caries of the articulations of the
feet.

podarthrum (pod-ar' '-thrum) [irovs, foot; apdpov,
a joint; pi., podarthra]. In biology, the foot-joint
or metatarso-phalangeal articulation.

podedema (pod-e-de' '-mah)[ irovs, foot; edema].
Edema of the foot.

podelcoma (pod-el-ko'-mah) . See Madura foot.

podencephalus {pod-en-sef -al-us) [irovs, foot; iy-
K&j>a\os, brain]. A variety of monster of the species
exencephalus, in which there is a protusion of the
cranial contents from the top of the head.

podiatrist (pod-e-at'-rist) [irovs, a foot; iarpbs,
physician]. A specialist in the treatment of diseases
of the feet.

podobromidrosis (pod-o-brom-id-ro'-sis) [irovs, foot;
(ipwpos, stench; ISpws, sweat]. Offensive sweating of
the feet.

pododynamometer (pod-o-di-nam-om'-et-ur) [irovs,
a foot; dynamometer]. An apparatus for testing the
strength of the muscles of the feet or legs.

pododynia (pod-o-din'-e-ah) [irovs, foot; bbvvrj, pain].
Pain in the foot, especially a neuraglic pain in the
heel unattended by swelling or redness.

podology (pod-ol'-o-je) [irovs, foot; \6yos, science].
The anatomy and physiology, etc., of the foot.

podometer. See pedometer.

podophyllin (ppd-o-fiV -in) . See podophyllum.

podophylloresin (pod-o-fil-o-rez'-in). See podo-
phyllum, resin of.

podophyllotoxin (pod-o-fil-o-toks'-in). See podo-
phyllum.

podophyllum (pod-o-fil'-um) [irovs, foot; <t>vWov,
leaf]. The dried rhizome of P. peltatum, the May-
apple or mandrake, of the family Berberidacece. Its
resin, commonly called podophyllin, contains podo-
phyllotoxin (C23H24O9+2H2O), which upon treatment
with ammonia yields podophyllic acid and picropod-
ophyllin. It is used in medicine as a laxative in
chronic constipation and as a cathartic in hepatic
congestion and bilious fever. Dose of podophyllo-
toxin \-% gr. (0.016-0.03 Gm.). p., fiuidextract of
(fluidextraclum podophylli, U. S. P.). Dose 2-20
min. (0.13-1.3 Cc). p., pills of, belladonna, a-d caps-
icum (pilulce podophylli, belladonna et capsici, U. S. P.)
Dose 1 pill, p., resin of (resina podophylli, U. S. P.).
Dose i-£ gr. (0.008-0.03 Gm.). p., tincture of {tine-

PODOTROCHILITIS

698

POISON

Dose is min.-i dr. (1-4

tura podophylli, B. P.).
Cc).

podotrochihtis (pod-o-trok-il-i'-tis) [ttous, foot;
rpoxtXia, pulley; ins, inflammation]. Navicular dis-
ease; an inflammatory disease of the fore-foot in the
horse, involving the synovial sheath between the
sesamoid or navicular bone of the third phalanx and
the flexor perforans muscle over it.

pee-. For words commencing thus, see Pe-.

Poenl's test {pel) [Alexander Vasilyevich von Poehl,
Russian chemist, 1850-]. For products of bacillus
cholera: the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid
to a culture of cholera bacilli produces a rose color
deepening into purple.

pogoniasis (po-go-ni'-as-is) [ir&ywv, beard]. Ex-
cessive growth of the beard; growth of beard in a
woman. _

pogonion (po-go'-ne-on) [iru>ya>v, beard]. The most
anterior point of the chin on the symphysis of the
mandible.

pogonium (po-go'-ne-um) [ir&yav, beard]. 1. A
small beard. 2. Same as pogonion.

Pohl's test for globulins. Saturate the solution to
one-half with ammonium sulphate, which precipitates
the globulins. After several hours filter, and add to
the filtrate a saturated solution of ammonium sul-
phate.

-poietic (poi-et'-ik) [iroiri<nt, a making]. A termi-
nation denoting making or producing, as in hemato-
poietic.

poikiloblast (poi'-kil-o-blast). A nucleated red cor-
puscle of irregular shape and size.

poikilocyte (poi'-kil-o-sit) [itoiklXos, varied; kvtos,
a cell]. A large red blood-corpuscle of irregular shape.

poikilocythemia (poi-kil-o-si-the'-me-ah) [iroi/ciXos,
varied; kvtos, cell; alfia, blood]. The presence of
poikilocytes in the blood.

poikilocytosis (poi-kil-o-si-to'-sis) [poikilocyte]. A
condition of the blood characterized by the presence
of poikilocytes; variation in the shape of the red
blood corpuscles.

poikilonymy (poi-kil-on'-im-e). See pecilonymy.

poikiloderma! (poi-kil-o-ther'-mal). Synonym of
poikilothermic.

poikilothermic (poi-kil-o-ther'-mik) [ttoikLXos, varied;
dkpfirj, heat]. Varying in temperature according to
the- surroundings ; cold-blooded.

point [punctum, point, from pungere, to prick]. 1.
The sharp end of an object, especially one used to
pierce anything. 2. The limit at which anything
occurs, as the melting-point, freezing-point. 3. A
mark made by a sharp object; a minute spot or area;
of an abscess, to come to the surface, p., boiling,
the degree of temperature at which a liquid passes
into the vaporous state with ebullition, p., cardinal,
one of the six optical points that determine the direc-
tion of the rays entering or emerging from a series of
refracting media, p., craniometric. See craniometric
point, p., critical, of gases, a temperature at or above
which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone; of
liquids, that temperature at which a liquid, regardless
of the pressure to which it is subjected, assumes a
gaseous form, p., dew-, the temperature at which
the atmospheric moisture is deposited as dew. p.,
disparate, one of those points on the retina whence
images are projected, not to the same, but to differ-
ent points in space, p. of election, in surgery, that
point at which a certain operation is done by prefer-
ence, p., far-, the remotest point of distinct vision.
p., freezing, the degree of temperature at which a
liquid becomes solid, p., hysteroepileptogenous, p.,
hysterogenous. See zone, hysterogenous. p.'s, lacri-
mal, minute orifices of the lacrimal canals upon the
eyelids near the inner canthus. p., malar, the most
prominent point on the outer surface of the malar
bone, p., McBurney's. See McBurney's point, p.,
melting, the degree of temperature at which fusible
soilds begin to melt, p., motor. See motor, p.,
near-, the nearest point at which the eyes can ac-
commodate to see distinctly, p., nodal, the center of
curvature of a spherical lens or refracting surface,
through which rays of light pass joining conjugate
points, p., principal, one of the two points in the
optical axis of a lens that are so related that lines
drawn from these points to the corresponding points
in the object and its image are parallel, p. of re-
flection, the point from which a ray of light is re-
flected, p. of refraction, the point at which a ray
of light is refracted, p., spinous, a sensitive point
over a spinous process, p., subnasal, the middle

point of the lower border of the nasal orifice, p.,
supraclavicular, the point, stimulation of which causes
contraction of the arm muscles, p.s, Valleix's. See
Valleix's points, p., vital, a spot in the oblongata
corresponding to the seat of the respiratory center,
puncture of which causes instant death.

pointillage (pwan'-te-yahzj) [Fr.]. Massage by
means of the finger-tips.

pointing (point' -ing). The coming to a point, p.
of an abscess, the process by which pus from the
deeper structures reaches the surface.

points douloureux (pwan(g)-doo-loo-roo). See Val-
leix's points.

Poirier's line, (pwar-e-a') [Paul Poirier, French
surgeon, 1853-1907]. The nasolambdoid line used
in craniocerebral topography. It begins at the naso-
frontal groove, and extends outward around the base
of the skull, passing 0.5 cm. above the external audi-
tory meatus to a point 1 cm. above the lambdoid
suture, or to a point 7 cm. above the inion if the suture
cannot be felt. This line passes over Broca's con-
volution, 4 to 6 cm. of the posterior limb of the Sylvian
fissure, the lower border of the supramarginal gyrus,
the base of the angular gyrus, and terminates at the
occipital fissure.

Poiseuille's law (pwah-zoo-e') [Jean Leonard Marie
Poiseuille, French physiologist, 1 799-1 869]. The
rapidity of the current in capillary tubes is propor-
tional to the square of their diameter. P.'s layer, or
space the "inert" layer of the blood-current of the
capillaries, in which the leukocytes roll along slowly
while the red corpuscles move mdre rapidly in the
axial stream.

poison (poi'-zn) [Fr., from potio, a draught]. A
substance that, being in solution in the blood or
acting chemically on the blood, either destroys
life or impairs seriously the functions of one
or more of its organs . (See the table under this head.)
p., acrid. See p., irritant, p., acronarcotic, one that
is irritating to the part to which it is applied, but acts
on the brain or myelon or both, p.s, cellular, cytoly-
sins. p., irritant, one that causes irritation at the
point of entrance or at the point of elimination, p.,
muscle-. 1. A substance that impairs or destroys the
proper functions of muscles. 2. A poisonous albumin
developed during muscular activity, p., narcotic, one
affecting the cerebral centers, producing stupor, p.,
ordeal-, any one of the vegetable poisons, such as phys-
ostigma, used by savages in the trial of accused persons
to determine their guilt or innocence. TABLE OF
POISONS (the antidotes are in italics) : acid, carbolic.
See phenol in this table, acid, chromic. See chro-
mium trioxide in this table, acid, hydrochloric (muri-
atic) , symptoms, pain throughout digestive tract, vom-
iting, feeble pulse, clammy skin, collapse* eschars ex-
ternally, yellow stains on clothing, but none on skin;
treatment, alkalies; demulcent drinks; oil; stimulants
(intravenous injection), acid, hydrocyanic (prussic),
symptoms, sudden unconsciousness, slow, labored
respirations, slow pulse, staring eyes, purple face,
general convulsions, then relaxation and collapse,
odor of peach-kernels; death may be almost instan-
taneous; treatment, stomach-tube if possible; dilute
ammonia; alternate cold and warm effusions; atropine
and cardiac stimulants; artificial respiration, acid,
nitric, symptoms, yellow stains on skin; otherwise sim-
ilar to acid, sulphuric; treatment, alkalies; soap; de-
mulcents; stimulants, acid, oxalic, symptoms, hot,
acrid taste, burning, vomiting, collapse, sometimes
general paralysis, numbness, and stupor; treatment,
lime or chalk, acid, salicylic, symptoms, mydriasis,
quick and deep respiration, delirium, dyspnea, les-
sened arterial pressure, deafness, olive-green urine.
acid, sulphuric, symptoms, black stains, pain through-
out digestive tract, vomiting, often of tarry matter,
feeble pulse, clammy skin, profuse and bloody sali-
vation; treatment, chalk; magnesia; soap; demulcent
drinks, aconitum napellus (monkshood), aconite,
symptoms, sudden collapse, slow, feeble, and irregular
pulse and respirations, tingling in the mouth and ex-
tremities, giddiness, great muscular weakness, some-
times pain in the abdomen, pupils generally dilated,
but may be contracted, marked anesthesia of skin,
mind clear, convulsions at times; treatment, tannic
acid solution for washing out stomach; digitalis, at-
ropine and stimulants; artificial respiration; warmth
and friction; absolute quiet in recumbent position.
alcohol, symptoms, confusion of thought, giddiness,
tottering gait, slight cyanosis, narcosis from which
patient can be aroused; full pulse; deep, stertorous

POISON

699

POISON

breathing; injection of eyes, dilatation of pupils, low
temperature; convulsions may occur; treatment, evac-
uate stomach; coffee; battery; amyl nitrite; hot and
cold douches, ammonium and its compounds, symp-
toms, intense gastroenteritis, often with bloody vomit-
ing and purging, lips and tongue swollen and covered
with detached epithelium, violent dyspnea, character-
istic odor; treatment, vegetable acids; demulcents, an-
timony and its compounds, symptoms, metallic taste,
violent vomiting, becoming bloody, feeble pulse, pain
and burning in the stomach, violent serous purging,
becoming bloody, cramps in extremities, thirst, great
debility, sometimes prostration, collapse, unconscious-
ness, and convulsions without vomiting or purging;
treatment, tannic acid; demulcent drinks; opium; al-
cohol; external heat, antipyrine (phenazon), symp-
toms, headache, nausea, vomiting, a rash like that of
measles, vertigo, drowsiness, deafness, confusion of
ideas, cyanosis, collapse; treatment, recumbent posi-
tion; warmth; strychnine; stimulants; oxygen; arti-
ficial respiration, apomorphine, symptoms, violent
vomiting, paralysis of motor and sensory nerves, de-
lirium, depression of respiration and of heart; treat-
ment, cardiac and respiratory stimulants, arsenic
and its compounds, symptoms, violent burning pain
in the stomach, retching, thirst, purging of blood and
mucus with flakes of epithelium, tenesmus, suppres-
sion of urine; sense of constriction in throat; pulse
small and frequent; treatment, hydrated iron sesqui-
oxide; precipitated iron carbonate; emetics; castor-oil;
demulcents, atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade)
(atropine belladonna, homatropine), symptoms, heat
and dryness of the mouth and throat, pupils widely
dilated, scarlet rash, noisy delirium, quick pulse, at
first corded, later feeble; rapid respirations, early
strong, late shallow and feeble; retention of urine;
sometimes convulsions, collapse, and paralysis; treat-
ment, evacuate stomach; tannic acid; stimulants;
coffee; pilocarpine; artificial respiration; physostig-
mine may be of benefit; evacuation of bladder, caf-
feine, symptoms, burning pain in the throat, giddi-
ness, faintness, nausea, numbness, abdominal pain,
great thirst, dry tongue, tremor of extremities, diuresis,
weak pulse, cold skin, collapse; treatment, emetics;
stimulants; warmth; morphine and atropine, cal-
abar-bean. See physostigma venenosum in this table.
camphor, symptoms, characteristic odor, languor,
giddiness, disturbance of vision, delirium, convul-
sions, clammy skin, smarting in the urinary organs,
pulse quick and weak, no pain, no vomiting, no pur-
ging; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants;
warmth; hot and cold douches, cannabis indica (Indi-
an hemp) ,' symptoms, pleasurable intoxication, sense of
prolongation of time, anesthesia with loss of strength,
especially in legs, pupils dilated, rapid pulse, heavy
sleep; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants, can-
tharis vesicatoria (Spanish fly) (cantharides), symp-
toms, burning in mouth and stomach, vomiting and
purging, soon becoming bloody, tenesmus, salivation,
aching pains in back, strangury, priapism, uncon-
sciousness only very late; convulsions at times; treat-
ment, evacuate stomach; demulcent drinks; morphine;
hot bath for the strangury; anesthetics may be nec-
essary for the pain, carbolic acid. See phenol in
this table, chloral hydrate, symptoms, deep sleep,
loss of muscular power, lividity, reflexes diminished,
pulse weak, respirations slowed, pupils contracted
during sleep, but dilated on waking, temperature low;
treatment, evacuate stomach; heat to the extremities;
massage; coffee by the rectum; strychnine; amyl nit-
rite; artificial respiration, chloroform, symptoms, ex-
citement and intoxication followed by anesthesia and
unconsciousness, later profound narcosis; pulse and
respirations fail progressively or suddenly; treatment,
draw tongue forward; artificial respiration; faradic
current; hot and cold douches; amyl nitrite; ammonia
injected into a vein; evacuation of the stomach if
chloroform has been taken by mouth, chromium
trioxide, symptoms, dark-yellow stains, abdominal
pain, vomiting and purging, collapse; treatment, evac-
uate stomach; chalk, milk, or albumin; demulcent
drinks, coal-gas, symptoms, headache, giddiness, loss
of muscular power, unconsciousness, pupils dilated,
breathing labored, coma, odor of the gas; treatment,
fresh air; artificial respiration; ammonia; stimulants;
oxygen; coffee; hot and cold douches, cocaine, symp-
toms, faintness, giddiness, nausea, pulse small, rapid,
intermittent, dilated pupils, severe prostration, res-
piration slow and feeble; treatment, stimulants; amyl
nitrite; artificial respiration, colchicum autumnale

(meadow-saffron) , symptoms, not unlike those of malig-
nant cholera, griping pain in the stomach, vomiting
and continuous purging of seromucous material, in-
tense thirst, muscular cramps, great prostration, col-
lapse, dilated pupils, pain in the extremities; treat-
ment, evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid; de-
mulcent drinks; stimulants; morphine, conium ma-
culatum (hemlock), symptoms, weakness of the legs,
gradual loss of all voluntary power, nausea, ptosis,
dilatation of pupils, inability to speak or swallow;
treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid;
stimulants; warmth; artificial respiration; atropine.
croton tiglium (croton oil), symptoms, intense pain in
abdomen, vomiting, purging, watery stools, pinched
face, small and thready pulse, moist skin, collapse;
treatment, evacuate stomach; demulcent drinks; cam-
phor; stimulants; morphine; poultices to abdomen.
cynaogen and its compounds. Similar to acid, hy-
drocyanic, which see in this table, datura stramon-
ium (thorn-apple; Jamestown weed), symptoms and
treatment similar to those of atropine, which see under
atropa belladonna in this table, digitalis purpurea
(Foxglove), purging, with severe pain, violent vomit-
ing, vertigo, feeble pulse, although heart's action is
tumultuous, eyes prominent, pupils dilated, sclera blue;
delirium and .convulsions ; treatment, evacuate stom-
ach; tannic and gallic acids; stimulants; aconite; re-
cumbent position, erythroxylon coca. See cocaine
in this table. _ fly, Spanish. See cantharis in this
table, gelsemium sempervirens (yellow jasmine),
symptoms appear in about twenty minutes; great
muscular weakness, diplopia, ptosis, internal squint,
widely dilated pupils, dimness of vision, labored res-
piration, weak pulse; treatment, evacuate stomach;
atropine; stimulants; artificial respiration; hot and
cold douches, hellebore, green and white. See ver-
atrum in this table, hemlock. See conium in this
table, iodine and its compounds, symptoms, pain in
throat and stomach, vomiting, purging, vomit yellow
from iodine, or blue if starch is present in stomach;
giddiness, faintness, convulsive movements; treatment,
evacuate stomach; starch; amyl nitrite; morphine.
iodoform, symptoms, slight delirium, drowsiness, high
temperature, rapid pulse; symptoms resemble men-
ingitis, jaborandi (pilocarpine), symptoms, copious
sweating, dizziness, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea,
tearing pain in eyeballs, myopia, pupils much con-
tracted; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants;
atropine, lead acetate, symptoms, sweet metallic
taste, vomiting of white matter, great thirst, pain in
abdomen, abdominal muscles usually rigid, consti-
pation or diarrhea with black stools, cramps in the
legs, paralysis of the extremities, convulsions; in the
chronic forms, a blue line at margin of the gums; treat-
ment, evacuate stomach; dilute sulphuric acid; Epsom
or Glauber's salts; milk; morphine; potassium iodide
to eliminate the poison, lobelia inflata (Indian to-
bacco), symptoms, severe vomiting, with intense de-
pression and prostration, giddiness, tremors, con-
vulsions, collapse; treatment, evacuate stomach; tan-
nic or gallic acid; stimulants; strychnine; warmth;
recumbent position, mercury bichloride, symptoms,
acrid metallic taste, burning heat in throat and stom-
ach, vomiting, diarrhea with bloody stools, lips and
tongue white and shriveled, pulse small and frequent,
death in coma or convulsions; pain may be absent;
secondary symptoms, hectic fever, coppery taste, fetid
breath, gums swollen, salivation; treatment, albumin
in some form ; raw white of egg or flour ; evacuate stom-
ach; opium; potassium iodide, morphine. See opium
in this table. nitric acid. See acid, nitric, in
this table, nitroglycerin, symptoms, throbbing head-
ache, pulsation over entire body, dicrotic pulse, flush-
ed face, mental confusion, anxiety, sudden collapse;
treatment, recumbent position; cold to head; ergot;
atropine, nux vomica. See St. Ignatius bean in this
table, opium (morphine, narceine, codeine, laud-
anum), symptoms, preliminary mental excitement,
acceleration of heart, soon weariness, sensation of
weight in the limbs, sleepiness, diminished sensibil-
ity, pin-point pupils, pulse and respiration slow and
strong; patient can be roused with difficulty, later
this becomes impossible, reflexes abolished, respir-
ation slow, irregular, and stertorous, pulse rapid and
feeble; treatment: i. Evacualte stomach with mus-
tard or stomach-tube. 2. Arouse patient to maintain
respiration by exercise, flagellation with wet towels,
cold and hot douches alternately. 3. Stimulate by
atropine, coffee, alcohol, if pulse fails; external heat;
inhalations of oxygen; injection of dilute solution of

POISON-NUT

700

POLIOPLASM

potassium permanganate, oxalic acid. See acid,
oxalic, in this table. Paris-green. See arsenic in
this table, phenol, symptoms, immediate burning
pain from mouth to stomach, giddiness, loss of con-
sciousness, collapse, partial suppression of urine, which
is smoky in color, characteristic odor, white, corru-
gated patches in mouth; treatment, stomach-pump,
magnesium sulphate or sodium sulphate, atropine.
phosphorus, symptoms, vomiting and pain, vomit may
be luminous in the dark, characteristic odor; after
several days deep jaundice, coffee-colored vomit,
hepatic tenderness, albuminuria, marked fall in tem-
perature, coma, failure of pulse and respiration; treat-
ment, sulphate of copper as an emetic, then as an anti-
dote in small doses with opium; purgation, phy-
sostigma venenosum {calabar-bean) , symptoms, giddi-
ness, prostration, loss of power in the lower limbs,
muscular twitching, contracted pupils, mind clear;
treatment, evacuate stomach; atropine; strychnine;
stimulants; artificial respiration, prussic acid. See
acid, hydrocyanic, in this table, santonin, symptoms,
disturbance of color-vision — objects first assume a
bluish tinge, then yellow; tinnitus, dizziness, pain in
the abdomen, failure of respiration, convulsions, stu-
por; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants; chloral.
savin, symptoms, pain, vomiting, bloody stools and
tenesmus, disordered respirations, coma, convulsions,
and collapse; treatment, evacuate stomach; castor-oil
in large dose; morphine poultices to the abdomen.
silver salts, symptoms, pain, vomiting, and purging;
vomit white and cheesy, rapidly turning black in the
sunlight; vertigo, coma, convulsions, paralysis, and
marked disturbance of respiration; treatment, salt and
water; evacuate stomach; a large amount of milk.
St. Ignatius bean, strychnos ignatii, strychnos nux-
vomica (nux vomica, strychnine, brucine), symptoms,
tetanic convulsions in paroxysms at varying intervals
of from five minutes to half an hour; opisthotonos
during paroxysm; eyeballs prominent, pupils dilated,
respiration impeded, pulse feeble and rapid, anxiety;
treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic acid followed by
an emetic; catheterize; keep patient quiet; bromides
and chloral ; amyl nitrite or chloroform to control con-
vulsions; artificial respiration if indicated, tobacco
(nicotine), symptoms, nausea, vomiting, weakness,
weak pulse, cold and clammy skin, collapse, pupils
contracted, then dilated; treatment, evacuate stom-
ach; tannic acid; strychnine; stimulants; warmth;
recumbent position, veratrum album {white helle-
bore), veratrum viride {green hellebore), symptoms,
pain and burning in alimentary tract, vomiting and
diarrhea, slow, weak pulse, labored respiration, pu-
pils usually dilated; there may be convulsions; treat-
ment, evacuate stomach; ether hypodermatically ;
opium ; stimulants ; coffee ; warmth ; recumbent posi-
tion. _

poison-nut. Nux vomica.

poisonous {poi'-zn-us). Having the properties of
a poison; venomous.

poitrinaire {pwah-tre-nar') [Fr. poitrine, chest]. A
patient with pulmonary tuberculosis or other chronic
disease of the chest.

poke-root. See Phytolacca.

polar {po'-lar) [pole]. Pertaining to or situated
near a pole. p. bodies, p. cells, p. globules, two
minute cells thrown off by the unfecundated ovum
during maturation, p. method, a method of apply-
ing electricity, in which the pole the distinctive effect
of which is wanted is placed over the part to be treat-
ed and the other pole over some indifferent part.
p. ray's the astral rays of the mitotic figure, p. star,
a star of the diaster.

polarimeter {po-lar-im' -et-er) [polar; fierpov, a meas-
ure]. An instrument for determining the degree to
which an optically active substance changes the
plane of polarization to the right or to the left.

polarimetry {po-lar-im' -et-re) [polar; ukrpov, meas-
ure]. The use of the polarimeter.

polariscope {po-lar'-is-kop) [polar; aKowelv, to view].
An instrument for studying the polarization of light;
a polarimeter.

polaristrobometer {po-lar-is-tro-bom' -et-er) [polar;
arpofios, a whirling round; ixkrpov, measure]. A form
of polarimeter or saccharimeter that furnishes a del-
icate means of fixing the plane of polarization as ro-
tated by the sugar solution under examination.

polarity {po-lar'-it-e). The state or quality of hav-
ing poles or points of intensity with mutually op-
posite qualities. In electro-therapeutics, that con-
dition of a nerve is which the part nearest the nega-

tive pole is in a state of increased, and that nearest
the positive is in a state of decreased irritability.

polarization {po-lar-i-za'-shun) [polarize], i. The
act of polarizing or the state of being polarized. 2.
A condition produced in a ray of light by absorption,
reflection, or refraction, by means of which the vi-
brations are restricted and take place in one plane
only {plane polarization) or in curves {circular or
elliptic polarization). The plane of polarization is
altered or rotated when the light is passed through a
quartz-crystal or solutions of certain substances {rot-
atory polarization). 3. The deposit of gas-bubbles
(hydrogen) on the electronegative plate of a galvanic
battery, whereby the flow of the current is impeded,
and, owing to the negative plate covered with hydro-
gen being more electropositive than the zinc plate,
the difference in potential between the two plates is
reduced.

polarize {po'-lar-lz) [polar]. To endow with polar-
ity; to place in a state of polarization.

polarizer {po'-lar-i-zer) [polarize]. An object, such
as a Nicol prism, by means of which light is polar-
ized.

pole {pol) [irokos, a pole]. 1. Either extremity of
the axis of a body, as of the fetus, the crystalline lens,
etc. 2. One of two points at which opposite physical
qualities, e. g., electricity or magnetism, are concen-
trated; specifically, the electrode of a galvanic bat-
tery, which is positive {positive pole) when connected
with the electronegative plate of the battery (carbon,
copper, platinum), or negative {negative pole) when
connected with the electropositive plate (zinc), p.-
changer, a switch or key for changing or reversing the
direction of a current produced by an electric battery.

polemophthalmia {pol-em-off-thaV -me-ah) [irokenos,
war; ophthalmia]. Military ophthalmia; the oph-
thalmia of soldiers.

polenta {po-len'-tah) [L.]. In Italy, a maize-meal
porridge.

poleozone {po'-le-o-zon). A bactericide said to be
obtained from potassium chlorate by action of sul-
phuric acid.

police {po-les') [iroKis, a city]. 1. Public order.
2. An organized civil force for maintaining order, p.
sanitary, the body of officials in the employ of a city,
state or nation, whose duty it is to look after the hy-
gienic condition as it affects the public health.

policeman's disease. Synonym of tarsalgia.

policlinic {pol-ik-lin'-ik) [irSXis, city; kXiVtj, couch].
A general city hospital. Cf . polyclinic.

poliencephalitis {pol-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis). See polio-
encephalitis.

polio- {pol-e-o) [71-oXios, gray]. A prefix meaning
gray.

polioencephalitis {pol-e-o-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [iroXios,
gray; e-y/ce^aXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the gray matter of the brain, p. acuta,
an acute inflammation of the cerebral cortex,
which, when occurring in children, gives rise to in-
fantile cerebral palsy, p., anterior superior, an in-
flammatory disease of the gray matter of the third
ventricle, of the anterior portion of the fourth,
and of that about the Sylvian aqueduct. It is char-
acterized by ophthalmoplegia, chiefly external, and a
peculiar somnolent state, p., inferior, bulbar par-
alysis.

poliomyelencephalitis {pol-e-o-mi-el-en-sef-al-i'-tis)
[polio-; fiveXos, marrow; eyntyaKos, brain; ltls, in-
flammation]. Poliomyelitis and poliencephalitis ex-
isting together.

poliomyelitis {pol-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [polio-; myelitis].
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
p., acute anterior, infantile paralysis, an acute in-
flammation of the anterior horns of the gray matter
of the spinal cord. It is most common in children,
coming on during the period of the first dentition, and
producing a paralysis of certain muscle-groups or of
an entire limb. The onset is sudden, and the par-
alysis is usually most extensive in the beginning, a
certain amount of improvement taking place sub-
sequently. The affected muscles atrophy rapidly,
the reflexes in them are lost, and reaction of degen-
eration develops. From contraction of antagonistic
muscles deformities occur later in life, p., chronic
anterior. Synonym of progressive muscular atrophy.

poliomyelopathy {pol-e-o-mi-el-op' -aih-e)[polio- ; p.ve-
X6$, marrow; iraffos, disease]. Disease of the gray
matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata.

polioplasm {poV -e-o-plazm) [polio-; ir\6.<rfia, plasm].
Granular protoplasm.

POLIOSIS

701

POLYEMBRYONY

poliosis (pol-e-o'-sis) [tto\i6s, gray]. A condition
characterized by absence of pigment in the hair.

poliothrix (pol'-e-o-thriks) [polio-; 0pi£, hair]. Syn-
onym of canities.

Polish plait (po'-lish) . See plica polonica.

Politzer's bag (pol'-its-er) [Adam Politzer, Austrian
otologist, 1835- ]. A pear-shaped rubber bag used
for inflating the middle ear. The tip is introduced
into the nostril, and the bag compressed while the
other nostril is closed and the patient performs the
act of swallowing. The latter opens the Eustachian
tube and allows the air to enter. P.'s luminous cone,
a brightly illuminated area in the shape of an isosceles
triangle which has its base near the lower circumfer-
ence and its apex at the umbo of the membrana tym-
pani. P.'s method, inflation of middle ear through
the Eustachian tube. P.'s test, in cases of unilateral
middle-ear disease, associated with obstruction of the
Eustachian tube, the sound of a vibrating tuning fork
(C2) held before the nares during deglutition is per-
ceived by the normal ear only; if the tube is patulous,
the sound sensation is frequently stronger in the affect-
ed ear. In unilateral disease of the labyrinth the
tuning-fork is heard in the normal ear whether or not
deglutition occur.

politzeration (pol-its-er-i-za'-shun). The inflation
of the middle ear by means of Politzer's bag.

poll (pol). The head, especially the back portion,
of an individual or of an animal, p.-evil, in farriery,
an abscess behind the ears of a horse, producing a
fistula.

pollakiuria (pol-ak-i-u'-re-ah) [woWokls, often;
ovpov, urine]. Abnormally frequent micturition.

pollantin (pol-an'-tin) [pollen; avrl, against]. An
antitoxin used in hay-fever; it is an immune serum
obtained from horses, and is used in fluid and powder
form.

pollen (pol'-en) [pollen, fine dust]. The fecundating
element produced in the anthers of flowering plants.
p. disease, synonym of hay fever, q. v.

pollex (pol'-eks) [L. gen. pollicis. pi., pollices]. 1.
The thumb. 2. The great toe. p. pedis, the great
toe.

pollicar (pol'-ik-ar) [pollex] . Relating to the thumb .

pollinosis (pol-in-o'-sis). Same as hay fever, q. v.

Pollock's operation (pol'-uk) [G. Pollock]. For
amputation at the knee-joint: a long anterior and a
short posterior skin-flap, somewhat rectangular in
outline, the patella being left.

pollution (pol-W -shun) [polluere, to defile]. 1. The
act of defiling or rendering impure, as pollution of
drinking-water. 2. The production of the sexual
orgasm by means other than sexual intercourse, p.,
nocturnal, a nocturnal, involuntary, seminal dis-
charge, p., self, masturbation.

polonica (po-lon'-ik-ah). See plica.

polonium (pol-o'-ne-um) [Poland, home of the dis-
coverers]. A radioactive element isolated by M. and
Mme. Curie from pitch-blende.

poltophagy (pol-tof'-a-je) [woXtos, porridge; <t>kyeiv,
to eat]. Complete chewing of the food before swal-
lowing it.

poly- (pol-e-) [woXvs, many]. A prefix denoting
many or much.

polyacid (pol-e-as'-id) [poly-; acid]. Applied to a
base or basic radical capable of saturating several
molecules of the acid radical.

polyacoustic (pol-e-ak-oos'-tik) [poly-; acoustic].
1. Multiplying sound. 2. An instrument for intensi-
fying sound.

polyadenia (pol-e-ad-e'-ne-ah) [poly-; adrjv, a gland].
Pseudoleukemia or Hodgkin's disease.

polyadenitis (pol-e-ad-en-i'-tis). Inflammation of
many glands at once, p., malignant, bubonic plague.

polyadenoma {pol-e-ad-en-o' -mah) [poly-; dS^,
gland; opa, tumor]. Multiple adenoma.

polyadenopathy (pol-e-ad-en-op'-ath-e) [poly-; aS-qv,
gland; iraBos, disease]. Any disease affecting many
glands at once.

polyadenous (pol-e-ad'-en-us) [poly-; adrjf, gland].
Having or involving many glands.

polyaemia (pol-e-e'-me-ah). See polyemia.

polyasthesia (pol-e-es-the'-ze-ah). See polyesthesia.

polyanemia (pol-e-an-e'-me-ah). Excessive anemia.

polyarthritis (pol-e-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation of
many joints, p. rheumatica acuta. See rheumatism,
acute articular, p., vertebral, inflammation of the
intervertebral discs without caries of the bones of the
vertebra.

polyarticular (pol-e-ar-tik'-u-lar) [poly-; articulus,

joint]. Affecting many joints; the term multiartic-
ular is preferable.

polyatomic (pol-e-at-om'-ik) . 1. Containing several
atoms. 2. Having several hydrogen atoms replace-
able by bases.

polyaxon {pol-e-aks' -on) . 1. In biology, having
several axes of growth. 2. A neuron having more than
two axons.

polybasic (pol-e-ba'-sik) [poly-; base]. 1. Of acids,
having several hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases.
2. Formed from a polybasic acid by the replacement of
more than one hydrogen atom by a base.

polyblast {pol'-e-blast) [poly-; /3Xaor6j, a germ]. A
general term designating the various cells seen in new-
ly developing connective tissue.

polycardia {pol-e-kar' -de-ah) . See tachycardia.

polycellular (pol-is-el'-u-lar) [poly-; cellula, a cell].
Having many cells.

polycentric (pol-is-en'-trik) [poly-; K&rpov, center].
Having many centers or nuclear points.

polyceptor (pol-e-sep'-tor) [poly-; ceplor]. A sensi-
tizer or "amboceptor" possessing a number of
complementophile groups.

polycholia (pol-e-ko'-le-ah) [poly-; X0X17, bile]. Ex-
cessive secretion of bile.

polychrest, polychrestus (pol'-ik-rest, pol-ik-res'-tus)
\Poly-; xpyvTos, useful]. A medicine regarded as
efficacious in^many diseases. The word is chiefly
used by homeopathic physicians.

polychrestic (pol-ik-res'-tik). Of the nature of a
polychrest.

polychroism (pol-ik-ro'-izm) [poly-; xpoid, color].
A property possessed by certain crystals, of exhib-
iting two shades of color under polarized light, which
vary as the polarizing instrument is rotated.

polychromasia (pol-e-kro-ma'-ze-ah). Same as poly-
chromatophilia.

polychromatic (pol-e-kro-mat'-ik) [poly-; xpupa., col-
or]. Many-colored.

polychromatophil, polychromatophile (pol-e-kro-
mat'-o-fi) [poly-; xpvpa, color; <pi\elv, to love]. 1. An
erythrocyte which has lost its affinity for acid stain
and which with mixtures of acid and basic dyes is
stained atypically by either or both elements. 2. See
polychromatophilic.

polychromatophilia (pol-e-kro-mat-o-fd'-e-ah). The
presence in the blood of polychromatophils.

polychromatophilic {pol-e-kro-mal-o-fiV -ik) . Sus-
ceptible of staining with more than one dye.

polychromemia, polychromaemia {pol-e-kro-me' -me-
ah) [poly- ; xptipa- color; alpa, blood]. The increase in
coloring-matter in the blood as a sequel of polycy-
themia.

polychromia (pol-e-kro' -me-ah) [poly-; xfi^pa, color].
Increased or abnormal pigmentation.

polychylia (pol-ik-i'-le-ah) [poly-; x^Xos, chyle]. An
excessive formation of chyle.

polychylic (pol-e-ki'-lik) [poly-; x^Aos, chyle]. Re-
lating to an excess of chyle.

polyclinic (pol-e-klin' -ik) . A. hospital in which
many diseases are treated.

polyclonia (pol-e-klo'-ne-ah) [poly-; k\6vos, commo-
tion]. An affection said to be distinct from tic and
cholera but marked by clonic spasms.

polycoria (pol-e-ko'-re-ah) [poly-; Kopn, pupil]. The
existence of more than one pupil in the iris.

polycrotic (pol-e-krot'-ik) [poly-; kpotos, pulse]. Of
the pulse, presenting several waves for each cardiac
systole.

polycrotism {pol-e-kro' -tizm). Condition of being
polycrotic.

polycyesia, polycyesis (pol-is-i-e' '-ze-ah, pol-is-i-e'-
sis) [poly-; Kw?<ns, pregnancy]. 1. The occurrence of
frequent pregnancy. 2. Multiple pregnancy.

polycystic (pol-e-sis'-tik) [poly-; kv<ttvs, a sac]. Con-
taining many cysts.

polycythemia, polycythemia (pol-e-si-the' -me-ah)
[poly-; kvtos, cell; alpa, blood] A state of the blood
characterized byan excess of red corpuscles, poly-
cythemia cyanotica, a form associated with chronic
cyanosis, enlargement of the spleen, and constipa-
tion without any sign of disease of the heart, lungs, or
kidneys and with no emphysema.

polydactylism (pol-e-dak' -til-izm) [poly-; 8clktv\os,
a finger]. The existence of supernumerary fingers or
toes.

polydipsia (pol-e-dip'-se-ah) [poly-; U\pa, thirst].
Excessive thirst.

polyembryony (pol-e-em'-bre-o-ne) [poly-; Zp&pvov,
an embryo]. In biology, the production of more than

POLYEMIA

702

POLYOREXIA

one embryo in a seed. Parthenogenesis occurs in
most instances of polyembryony.

polyemia, polyaemia (pol-e-e'-me-ah) [poly-; al/xa,
blood]. Abnormal increase of the total mass of the
blood; plethora, polyaemia hyperalbuminosa, an
excess of albumin in the blood-plasma, polyaemia
polycythaemica, an increase of the red corpuscles.
polyaemia serosa, a condition in which the amount of
blood-serum is increased.

polyesthesia, polyaesthesia (pol-e-es-the'-ze-ah)
[poly- ; aladrj&is, sensation]. An abnormality of sensa-
tion in which a single touch is felt in two or more
places at the same time.

polyformin (pol-e-form'-in). An antiseptic com-
pound obtained by dissolving resorcinol in aqueous
formaldehyde and adding an excess of ammonia; it is
an insoluble, odorless powder used in the same manner
as iodoform, p., soluble, CsH^OHOit— (CH2)6N4.
diresorcinol hexamethylentetramine, a combination of
two molecules of resorcinol with one molecule of
hexamethylentetramine (urotropin); white crystals,
very soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether,
benzol, and oils. It is used internally as an anti-
ferment; externally in skin diseases.

Polygala (pol-ig'-al-ah) [poly-; yd\a, milk]. A
genus of herbaceous or shrubbery plants of some 260
species. P. senega, of N. America, is therapeutically
the most important. See senega.

polygalactia {pol-e-gal-ak' -te-ah) [poly-; yaKa, milk].
Excessive secretion or flow of milk.

polygalin (pol-ig'-al-in). See senega.

polyganglionic (pol-e-gang-gle-on'-ik) [poly-; gang-
lion]. 1. Having several ganglia. 2. Affecting several
lymphatic glands at once.

polygastria (pol-ig-as'-tre-ah) [poly-; yaa-rrip, stom-
ach]. Excessive production of gastric juice.

polygastric (pol-e-gas'-trik) [poly-; yaar^p, belly,
stomach]. 1. Having several bellies (as certain mus-
cles). 2. Having more than one stomach.

polyglandular {pol-e- gland' -du-lar) [poly-; gland].
Pluriglandular.

polyglobulia (pol-e-glob-u'-le-ah). An increase in
the number of red blood corpuscles.

polyglobulism {pol-e-glob' -u-lizm) . Same as poly-
cythemia, q. v.

polygnathus (pol-ig'-na-thus) [poly-; yvaBos, jaw].
A form of monster in which the parasite is attached
to the jaws of the host.

polygonal (pol-ig'-o-nal) [poly-; yuvla, an angle].
Having many angles.

Polygonum {pol-ig' -o-num) . A genus of poly-
gonaceous plants. P. hydropiperoides, smart weed,
water pepper, is a plant common in the United States.
Its active principle is thought to be polygonic acid.
It stimulates the action of the heart and increases
arterial tension. It is diuretic, emmenagogue and
aphrodisiac. Externally, it is a rubefacient and ves-
icant. It is valuable in amenorrhea and impotence.
Dose of the ext. gr. j-v; of the fldext. njj x-3 J.

polygraph (pol'-ig-raf) [poly-; ypa<f>eiv, to record].
A cylindrical recording instrument for taking simul-
taneous sphygmographic tracings. It is made to
rotate upon its axis by clockwork.

polygroma (pol-ig-ro'-mah) [poly-; vypfc, moist;
6p.a, tumor]. A large hygroma.

polygyria (pol-e-jir'-e-ah) [poly-; yvpos, gyre]. The
existence of an excessive number of convolutions in
the brain.

polyhedral (pol-e-he'-dral) [poly-; Upa, a seat; a
base]. Having many surfaces.

polyhemia (pol-e-hem'-e-ah) . See polyemia.

polyhidria (pol-e-hi'-dre-ah). See polyidrosis.

polyhidrosis (pol-e-hid-ro'-sis) [poly-; Upuais,
sweating]. Excessive perspiration.

polyhydramnios (pol-e-hi-dram'-ne-os). An ex-
cessive production of liquor amnii.

polyhygroma (pol-e-hi-gro'-mah) . See polygroma.

polyidrosis (pol-e-id-ro'-sis) . Same as polyhidrosis.

polyinfection (pol-e-in-fek'-shun) [poly-; infection].
Infection resulting from the presence of more than one
organism.

polyleptic (pol-e-lep'-lik) [poly- ; \ap.fiaveiv, to seize].
Characterized by numerous remissions and exacer-
bations.

polymastia (pol-e-mas' -te-ah) [poly-; ^aeros, a
breast]. The presence of more than two breasts.

polymastigate (pol-im-as'-tig-dt) [poly-; naarit,
a whip]. In biology, having several flagella.

polymazia (pol-im-a'-ze-ah). Synonym of poly-
mastia.

polymelia (pol-e-me'-le-ah) [poly-; /zeXos, a limb].
A malformation consisting in the presence of more
than the normal number of limbs.

polymelus, polymelius (pol-im'-el-us, pol-im-e'-le-
us) [see polymelia], A monster having more than
the normal number of limbs.

polymenia (pol-e-me'-ne-ah) [poly-; p.rji>es, months].
Menorrhagia.

polymenorrhea (pol-im-en-or-e'-ah) [poly-; p.r\v,
month; pola, a flow]. Excessive menstrual flow.

polymer (pol'-im-er) [poly-; p.epos, a part]. A
polymeric substance.

polymeric (pol-e-mer'-ik) [see polymerism], 1. Ex-
hibiting polymerism. 2. Applied to muscles which
are derived from two or more myotomes.

polymerid (pol-im'-er-id) [see polymerism]. In
chemistry, a compound having the property of
polymerism. Synonym of polymer.

polymerism (pol-im'-er-izm) [poly-; //epos, a part].
I. The existence of more than a normal number of
parts. 2. A form of isomerism in which the mole-
cular weights of the polymers are multiples of each
other. See isomeric and polymerization.

polymerization (pol-e-mer-i-za'-shun) [see poly-
merism]. The apparent fusion or union of two or
more molecules of a compound, forming a more
complex molecule, with a higher molecular weight
and somewhat different physical and chemic
properties.

polymetameric (pol-im-et-am-er'-ik). Extending
over or comprising two or more metameres.

polymicrobic (pol-im-i-kro'-bik) [poly-; niicpos,
small; /3ios, life]. Containing many kinds of micro-
organisms.

polymicrotome (pol-im-i' -kro-tom) [poly-; /xixpos,
small; rkpv&.v, to cut]. An instrument making many
microscopic sections in a short time.

polymorph (pol'-im-orf) [poly-; p.op<t>v, form].
A polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

polymorphic, polymorphous (pol-e-mor'-fik, pol-e-
mor'-fus) [see polymorphism]. Having or occurring
in several forms; of a crystal crystallizing in several
forms.

polymorphism (pol-e-mor'-fizm) [poly-; pop^y,
form]. The state of being polymorphous.

polymorphocellular (pol-im-or-fo-sel'-u-lar) [poly- ;
p.op<t>i), form; cellula, cell]. Having cells of many
forms.

polymorphocyte (pol-e-mor'-fo-stt). A narrow cell
or myelocyte.

polymorphonuclear (pol-e-mor-fo-nu'-kle-ar). Ap-
plied to multinuclear leukocytes which have nuclei
exceedingly irregular in form, being twisted or
knotted or presenting the appearance of being divided
into distinct portions, though in reality a thin
lamina of nuclear substance unites them.

polymyoclonus (pol-e-mi-ok'-lo-nus). See paramyo-
clonus.

polymyositis (pol-e-mi-o-si'-tis). Simultaneous in-
flammation of many muscles.

polynesic (pol-e-ne'-sik) [poly-; vijaos, island].
Occurring in several foci, e. g„ polynesic sclerosis.

polyneural (pol-in-u'-ral) [poly-; vevpov, nerve].
Pertaining to, or supplied or innervated by several
nerves.

polyneuritis (pol-e-nu-ri'-tis). See neuritis, mul-
tiple.

polynuclear (pol-e-nu':kle-ar). See multinuclear.

polynuclearneutrophilic (pol-e-nu -kle-ar-nu-tro-

fil'-ik). Relating to polynuclear leukocytes which
are readily stainable with neutral dyes.

polynucleate (pol-in-u'-kle-at). Synonym of multi-
nuclear.

polynucleosis (pol-e-nil-kle-o'-sis). The condition
of having many multinuclear cells in the blood or in
a pathologic exudate; polymorphonuclear leukocy-
tosis.

polyodontia (pol-e-o-don'-she-ah) [poly-; SSovs,
tooth]. The presence of supernumerary teeth.

polyonychia (pol-e-o-nik'-e-ah) [poly-; 5i>v£, nail].
The presence of supernumerary nails; polonychia.

polyopia, polyopsia (pol-e-o'-pe-ah, pol-e-op' -se-ah)
[poly-; 6\J/is, sight]. A condition in which more than
one image of an object is formed upon the retina.
p. monophthalmica, the phenomenon of multiple
vision with a single eye.

polyorchis (pol-e-or'-kis) [poly-; 5pxw, a testicle].
One who has more than two testicles.

polyorexia (pol-e-or-eks'-e-ah) [poly-; 3pe£is, appe-
tite]. Excessive hunger, or appetite; bulimia.

POLYORRHOMENITIS

703

POMPHOLYX

polyorrhomenitis (pol-e-or-o-men-i'-tis) [poly-; bppos,
serum; \>nnv, membrane; mj, inflammation]. Con-
cato's disease; a symptom-group defined by Concato
as "a phthisis of serous membranes."

polyotia (pol-e-o'-she-ah) [poly-; oh, ear]. A con-
dition in which there is more than one auricle on
one or both sides of the head.

polyp, polypus (pol'-ip, pol'-e-pus) [poly-; -n-ovs,
foot]. A tumor having a pedicle, found especially
on mucous membranes, as in the nose, bladder,
rectum, uterus, etc. p., blood-. Synonym of p.,
placental, polypus carnosus. Synonym of sarcoma.
p., fibrinous, a polypoid mass on the uterine wall,
resulting from the deposition of fibrin from retained
blood. The mass may be attached to portions of an
ovum or to thrombi at the placental site, p., fibrous,
a polyp composed chiefly of fibrous tissue, p.,
mucous, a soft polyp resulting either from a localized
inflammatory hyperplasia of a mucous membrane
or from the formation of a true myxoma, p., pla-
cental, a fibrinous polyp resulting from the deposit
of fibrin upon a portion of retained placenta, p.,
soft. Synonym of p., mucous, p., vascular, a pe-
dunculated angioma.

polypapilloma tropicum (pol-e-pap-il-o'-mah). Fram-
besia.

polyparesis (pol-ip-ar'-es-is) [poly-; irapeats, weak-
ness]. General progressive paralysis of the insane,
or paralytic dementia.

polypathia (pol-ip-ath'-e-ah) [poly-; wa&os, disease].
The presence of several diseases at one time, or the
frequent recurrence of disease.

polypeptid (pol-e-pep'-tid). A complex compound
of several amino-acids. See also peptid.

polyphagia (pol-e-fa'-je-ah) [poly-; <payelv, to eat].
Bulimia.

polyphalangism {pol-e-fal-an'-jizm) [poly-; phal-
anx]. The presence of an extra phalanx on a finger
or toe.

polypharmacy (pol-e-far'-mas-e) [poly-; <papnaicov,
a drug]. The prescription of many drugs at one
time; the excessive use of drugs.

polyphobia (pol-if-o' -be-ah) [poly-; <j>6fios, fear].
Morbid fear of many things.

polyphrasia (pol-e-fra'-ze-ah) [poly-; <j>pa<ris, speech].
A morbid state characterized by excessive speaking;
morbid loquacity; verbigeration.

polypiferous (pol-ip-if'-er-us) [polypus, polyp;
ferre, to bear]. Bearing or giving origin to a
polypus.

polyplasmia (pol-e-plaz'-me-ah) [poly-; ir\a<rp.a,
plasm]. Extreme fluidity of the blood.

polyplastic (pol-e-plas'-tik) [poly-; ■wKa.aa&.v. to
mold], i. Of cells, having many substances in their
composition. 2. Undergoing many modifications
during development.

polypnea, polypncea (pol-ip-ne'-ah) [poly-; irvoLa,
breathing]. Great rapidity of respiration; panting
respiration.

Polypodium (pol-e-po'-de-um) [poly-; irovs, foot].
A genus of ferns several species of which are asserted
to have medical properties. The rhizome of P.
aureum, of the West Indies, is used as a styptic;
P. calaguala, the true calaguala, of Mexico and
Peru, has a high reputation as a solvent and dia-
phoretic; the juice of the rhizome of P. quercifolium,
of the East Indies, is used in inflammation of the
eyes and in gonorrhea; the rhizome is used in malaria
and as a tonic; P. vulgar e, of Europe and America,
has been used as an expectorant in chronic catarrh
and asthma.

polypoid (pol'-e-poid) [polyp; eldos, like]. Re-
sembling a polyp.

Polyporus (pol-ip' -o-rus) [poly- ; wopos, pore]. A
genus of fungi. P. amanita, a poisonous agaric,
used for killing flies, has marked excitant and narcotic
properties. It has been used topically in cancerous
tumors and ulcers and internally in epilepsy, skin
diseases, paralysis, and tuberculosis. It contains
the alkaloids muscarine and amanitine. Syn., Amanita
muscaria; bug agaric; fly agaric. P. officinalis,
grows on the larch and is known as purging agaric.
It is used in night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose of
fluidextract 1-15 min. (0.06-1.0 Cc).

polyposis (pol-ip-o'-sis) [poly-; iroais, draught].
1. Excessive thirst; polydipsia. 2. [polyp.] The con-
dition of being affected with polyps, p. ventriculi,
a plicate, warty condition of the gastric mucosa
associated with hypertrophy and catarrh. Syn.,
etat mamelonne.

polypotome (pol-ip' -o-tom) [poly-; rop.ii, a cutting].
An instrument for the excision of polypi.

polypotrite (pol-ip' -o-trit) [polypus; rpifieiv, to
rub]. An instrument for crushing polypi.

polypous (pol'-ip-us). Of the nature of a polyp.

polypus (pol'-e-pus). See polyp.

polyrrhea, polyrrhoea (pol-e-re'-ah) [poly-; polo., a
flow]. An excessive secretion of fluid.

polysaccharid, polysaccharide (pol-is-ak'-ar-id).
A carbohydrate which under the influence of dilute
acids takes up more than two molecules of water and
yields more than three sugar molecules. Examples:
starches, gums. See carbohydrate.

polysarcia (pdl-e-sar' -se-ah) [poly-; <rap£, flesh].
Excessive corpulency; obesity.

polysarcous (pol-e-sar'-kus) [polysarcia], Corpu-
ent; exhibiting polysarcia.

polyscelia (pol-e-skel'-e-ah) [poly-; oxeXos, leg].
Excess in the number of legs.

polyscelus (pol-is'-kel-us) [see polyscelia]. A
monster having supernumerary legs.

polyscope (pol'-is-kop) [poly-; aicoireiv, to observe]
An instrument provided with an electric light which
is introduced into a cavity in order to illuminate its
internal surfaces.

polyserositis (pol-e-se-ro-si'-tis). Progressive malig-
nant inflammation of the serous membranes. See
Concato' s disease.

polysinuitis, polysinusitis (pol-e-sin-u-i'-tis, -si'-nus-
i-tis) . Simultaneous inflammation of several sinuses.

polysolvol, polysolve (pol-e-sol'-vol, pol'-e-solv) . A
thick, clear liquid which has the property of dissolving
large quantities of phenol, menthol, salycilic acid, etc.
It is obtained by treating castor-oil successively with
strong sulphuric acid and sodium chloride and neu-
tralizing the sulphoricinic acid obtained with sodium
hydroxide. Syn., ammonium sulphoricinate ; solvin
sodium. See solvin.

polysomia (pol-e-so' -me-ah) [poly-; aupia, body].
A monster having more than a single body or trunk.

polysomus (pol-e-so'-mus) [poly-; <rcbp.a, body].
A monster fetus having one head and several bodies.

polyspermia, polyspermism (pol-e-sper'-me-ah, pol-
e-sper'-mizm) [poly-; airepua, seed]. The secretion
and discharge of an excessive quantity of seminal
fluid.

polyspermy (pol-is-per'-me) [poly-; <rwkpp.a,
seed]. Impregnation of an ovum by more than one
spermatozoon.

polystichia (pol-e-stik'-e-ah) [poly-; arixos, row].
A condition in which the eyelashes are arranged in
two or more rows.

polystomatous (pol-is-to'-mat-us) [poly-; arinia,
mouth]. Having many mouths or apertures.

polythelia, polythelism (pol-ith-e'-le-ah, pol'-ith-
el-izm) [poly-; 6rj\-f], nipple]. The presence of super-
numerary nipples.

polytrichia, polytrichosis (pol-e-trik'-e-ah, pol-e-
trik-o'-sis) [poly-; dpi£, hair]. Excessive develop-
ment of hair.

Polytrichum (pol-if -rik-um) [iroXvTpixos, having
much hair]. A genus of mosses; hair-moss. P.
juniperinum is a species indigenous to the United
States and Europe, and is a powerful diuretic.
Dose of the fluidextract 20-60 min. (1.2-3.7 Cc).

polytrophia, polytrophy (pol-it-ro'-fe-ahx pol-it'-
ro-fe) [poly-; rpo^ela, nourishment]. Abundant or
excessive nutrition.

polyuria (pol-e-u'-re-ah) [poly-; ovpov, urine]. The
passage of an excessive quantity of urine, p. spas-
tica, intermittent polyuria with hysterical symptoms
accompanying convulsions.

polyuric (pol-e-u'-rik) [poly-; ovpov, urine]. 1. Per-
taining to, or affected with polyuria. 2. One affected
with polyuria.

polyvalent (pol-iv'-al-ent). Synonym of multi-
valent, p. serum, one obtained either by immunizing
animals with different strains of the same bacterium,
or a mixture of sera derived from different animals
immunized with various strains.

pomade (po-mad') [pomum, apple]. A perfumed
ointment for applying to the scalp.

pomander (po-man'-der) [pomum, apple]. A ball
composed of aromatics, formerly carried about the
person to prevent infection; also, the globular case
in which the same was kept.

pomatum (po-ma'-tum) [L.]. A pomade.

pomegranate (pum-gran'-at). See granatum.

pommel joint (pum' -el joint). Condyloid joint.

pompholyx, pompholix (pom'-fo-liks) [irop4>6\v£.

POMPHUS

704

POROKERATOSIS

a bubble]. A rare disease characterized by bullous
eruptions on the palms of the hands and between
the fingers. It occurs in depressed states of the
nervous system, and is more common in women than
in men. Syn., chiropompholyx ; dysidrosis.

pomphus {pom' -f us). See wheal.

pomum (po'-mum) [L.]. Apple, p. Adami, Adam's
apple, the prominence in the front of the neck caused
by the projection of the thyroid cartilage.

Poncet's disease (pon'-sa) [Antonin Poncet,
French surgeon,i846-ioi3]. Tuberculous rheumatism.

Pond's extract. A fluidextract of Hamamelis
virginiana.

ponderable (pon'-der-ah-bl) [pondus, weight].
Having weight.

Ponfick's shadows. Achromacytes; colorless red
corpuscles found in the blood in cases of hemoglo-
binemia.

Pongamia (pon-ga' -me-ah) [E. Ind. pongam].
A genus of East Indian trees. Kurung oil is the oil
expressed from the seeds of P. glabra, native to
India, China, and Australia. It is recommended
in parasitic diseases of the skin, in pityriasis versi-
color, herpes, rheumatism, and lepra.

ponogen (pon'-o-jen) [-wovos, work; yewav, to pro-
duce], i. Waste-matter of the nervous system;
fatigue poison. 2. See parhormone.

ponogenic (pon-o-jen'-ik). Relating to ponogen.
p. toxins. See under toxin.

ponograph (pon'-o-graf) [irovos, pain; ypa<peiv, to
write] . An apparatus for determining and registering
sensitiveness to pain, or to fatigue.

ponos (pon'-os) [irovos, pain]. A chronic febrile
disease endemic on the Greek islands of Spezzia
and Hydra. The disease bears some resemblance to
pseudoleukemia and to tuberculosis.

pons [L., "a bridge"]. 1. A process or bridge of
tissue connecting two parts of an organ. 2. The
pons Varolii, p. basilaris, the basilar process of the
occipital bone. p. cerebelli. Same as p. Varolii.
p. hepatis, a portion of the liver substance some-
times extending from the quadrate lobe to the left
lobe. p. Sylvii, the quadrigeminum. p. Tarini,
the posterior perforated space, p. Varolii, a convex
white eminence situated at the base of the brain,
and serving to connect the various divisions with
one another. It is placed in front of the medulla
oblongata, behind the cerebrum, and beneath the
cerebellum, and rests upon the sphenobasilar groove.
In structure the pons consists chiefly of nerve-fibers,
but contains also areas of gray matter — the pontine
nuclei. The pons is connected with the medulla,
with the cerebellum (by the middle peduncles),
and with the cerebrum (by the crura cerebri), p.
zygomaticus, the zygoma.

pontibrachium (pon-tib-ra'-ke-um) [pons, bridge;
brachium, arm]. The middle peduncle of the cere-
bellum.

pontic (pon'-tik) [pons, bridge]. Same as pontile.

ponticinerea (pon-ti-sin-e'-re-ah). A collection of
gray matter in the pons.

ponticulus (pon-tik'-u-lus) [dim. of pons, bridge].
A small, transverse ridge between the pyramids of
the oblongata and the pons. Synonym, propons.
p. auriculae, a slight prominence on the eminentia
conchae for the attachment of the retrahens aurem
muscle. ' p. hepaticus, a bridge of tissue, containing
a plexus of blood-vessels, and extending from the
surface of the Spigelian to that of the right lobe of
the liver, p. promontorii, a faint bony ridge on the
inner wall of the tympanic cavity extending from the
pyramid to the promontory and below the foramen
ovale.

pontile, pontine (pon'-til, pon'-tln) [pons]. Per-
taining to the pons Varolii, p. hemiplegia, a hemi-
plegia due to a lesion of the pons. When the lesion
is situated low down in the pons, below the decussa-
tion of the fibers of the facial nerve, and above that
of the pyramidal tracts, the hemiplegia is alternate;
i. e., the arm and leg on one side, and the face on the
other, are paralyzed, p. nuclei, a collection of gray
matter in the pons.

pontobulbar (pon-to-buV -bar) [pons, bridge; bulbus,
bulb]. Pertaining to the pons Varolii and to the
bulbus spinalis (or oblongata).

pontocrural (pon'-to-kroo'-ral) [pons, bridge; crus,
leg]. Pertaining to the pons Varolii and the crura
cerebri.

pontoon (pon-loon') [ponto, a small boat]. A loop or
knuckle of the small intestine.

pooled blood-serum. Mixed serum from a number
of persons.

poplar {pop'-lar). See populus.

poplitead {pop-lit-e'-ad) [poples, ham; ad, to].
Toward the popliteal aspect.

popliteal (pop-lit-e'-al) [poples, the ham of the
knee; the hock]. Pertaining to or situated in the
ham, as popliteal artery, popliteal nerve, popliteal
space, p. aneurysm, aneurysm of the popliteal
artery, p. artery. See under artery, p. space. See
under space.

popliteus (pop-lit-e'-us) [see popliteal]. The ham
or hinder part of the knee-joint, p. muscle. See
under muscle.

poppy (pop'-e) [AS., popig], Papaver somniferum,
a plant of the order Papaveracece; the capsules yield
opium, p.-capsules (papaveris capsulce, B. P.),
possess effects similar to those of opium, but far
milder in degree. The decoction (decoctum papaveris,
B. P.) is used chiefly as an anodyne application.
Dose of the extract (extractum papaveris, B. P.) 5-10
gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.); of the syrup (syrupus papaveris,
B. P.) f-i dr. (2-4 Cc). Red poppy is used in making
the syrupus rhceados in the B. P. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

populin (pop'-u-lin). See Populus.

Populus (pop'-u-lus) [L.]. Poplar, a genus of trees
of the order Salicinece, several species of which yield
salicin (salicinum, U. S. P.), C13H18O7, and populin
or benzoyl-salicin, C20H22O8. Poplar-buds have
been used in rheumatism and Bright's disease. The
leaves and buds are also employed for anodyne oint-
ments. The wood and bark of the root of P. moni-
lifera, cottonwood, of the United States, are said
to be powerful antiperiodics.

porcellaneous, porcellanous (por-sel-a' -ne-us, por-
sel'-an-us). Relating to or having the appearance
of porcelain; applied to a condition of the skin in
fever.

porcosan (por'-ko-san). A remedy for hog ery-
sipelas prepared from weakened cultures of Bacillus
erysipelatos suis.

porcupine-disease. See ichthyosis.

pore (por) [irbpos, a pore or cavity]. A minute
circular opening on a surface, as a pore of the skin,
the opening of the duct of a sudoriparous gland.
See also porus.

porencephalia, porencephalus (por-en-sef-a'-le-ah,
por-en-sef -al-us) [pore; lyKe<j>a\os, brain]. A con-
dition characterized by the presence of depressions
on the surface of the brain, due to a congenital arrest
of development or to an acquired defect.

porencephalic (por-en-sef-al'-ik). Same as poren-
cephalous.

porencephalitis (por-en-sef -al-i'-tis) [porencephalia].
Encephalitis with a tendency to the formation of
cavities.

porencephalous (por-en-sef -al-us) [porencephalia].
Affected with porencephalia.

Porges reaction or Porges-Meier reaction (por'-
ges-mi'-er). A precipitation test for syphilis; "the
requirements are: (1) One per cent, solution of sodium
glycocholate in distilled water. (2) The patient's
serum which must be absolutely clear, and heated
for one-half an hour at 560 C. Two-tenths of each
of the above are placed into a narrow test-tube
6 to 17 mm. in diameter, and allowed to rest for
Sixteen to twenty hours at room temperature. A
positive reaction consists of the appearance of dis-
tinct coarse flocculi, which as a rule, collect near the
surface. Mere turbidity or faint precipitates are
considered as negative. The original Porges method
of employing lecithin was not at all specific, the reac-
tion being present in tuberculosis, carcinoma, and
other infectious diseases."

pornography (por-nog'-ra-fe) [wopvr), a prostitute;
ypafaiv, to write], i. A treatise on prostitution.
2. Obscene writing.

pornotherapy (por-no-ther'-ap-e) [wopv-r), a prosti-
tute; depairelo., therapy]. The medical supervision
of prostitutes as related to public hygiene.

porocele (po'-ro-sel) [irupos, callus; K17X77, hernia].
A scrotal hernia in which the coverings are indurated
and thickened.

porokeratosis (po-ro-ker-at'-o-sis) [ir&pos, callus;
nkpas, a horn]. A keratosis appearing in raised or
smooth areas, of varying size, irregular form, circum-
scribed outline, at the summit of which a thin layer
of horny tissue of linear arrangement is present.
The affection is usually seated on the dorsal aspect
of the hands and feet (never on the palmar or plantar

POROMA

705

POSNER'S REACTION

surface), the extensor aspect of the forearms and legs,
neck, face and scalp.

poroma (po-ro'-mah) [vupuna], A callosity.

poroplastic (po-ro-plas'-tik) [pore; Tr\a<r<reiv, to
mold]. Porous and plastic, p. felt, a porous felt
which is readily molded; it is used in the preparation
of splints and jackets.

porosis (po-ro'-sis) [irupos, callus]. The formation
of callus.

porosity (po-ros'-it-e) [porous]. The condition of
being porous.

porotic (po-rot'-ik) [rrcbpos, callus]. Favoring the
formation of callus. Of the nature of callus.

porotomy (po-rot'-o-me) [pore; rom, a cutting].
Incision of the meatus of the urethra.

porous (po'-rus) [pore]. Having pores.

porphyreus (por-fi'-re-us) [wop<f>vpa, purple]. In
biology showing spots of purple upon a ground of
another hue.

porphyrin (por'-fir-in) [see porphyreus]. A white,
amorphous substance, C21H25N3O2, from Alstonia
constricta, Australian fever-bark. It is antipyretic.

porpbyrization (par -fir -i-za' -shun) [porphyry, a
kind of rock]. Pulverization, so-called because
generally performed on a tablet of porphyry.

porphyruria (por-fir-u' -re-ah) [irop<f>vpa, purple;
oZpov, urine]. The discharge of urine colored with
purpurin.

Porret's phenomenon. When a continuous current
is passed through a living muscular fiber, the sarcous
substance shows an undulating movement from the
positive toward the negative pole.

porriginous (por-ij'-in-us). Relating to porrigo;
scurfy.

porrigo (por-i'-go) [L.]. An old term applied to
several diseases of the scalp, p. decalvans, alopecia
areata, p. favosa, favus. p. larvalis, impetigo of
the scalp conjoined with eczema.

Porro's operation, Porro-cesarean section (por'-o)
[Edoardo Porro, Italian obstetrician, 1842-1902].
Cesarean section, followed by removal of the uterus
at the cervical junction, together with the ovaries
and oviducts.

Porro-Muller's operation. For otherwise impossible
labor: a modification of the Porro operation, in which
the uterus is brought out of the abdomen before ex-
tracting the fetus.

Poro-Veit's operation (por'-o-vW). For otherwise
impossible labor: a modification of the Porro opera-
tion: the stump is ligated and dropped.

porta (por'-tah) [L., "gate"]. The hilus of an
organ through which the vessels enter, p. hepatis,
p. jecoris, the transverse fissure of the liver through
which the portal vein enters the organ, p. laby-
rinthi, the fenestra rotunda, p. omenti, the foramen
of Winslow. p. vestibuli, a narrow orifice between
the sinus venosus and the auricle in the embryonic
heart.

portal (por'-tal) [porta]. Pertaining to the porta
or hilum of an organ, especially to the porta hepatis
or to the vein entering at the porta hepatis (portal
vein), p. circulation, the passage of blood from the
stomach, spleen, and intestine through the portal
vein and the liver, p. fissure. See fissure, transverse.
p. vein, the large vein entering the liver at the trans-
verse fissure, and bringing to it the blood from the
digestive tract and the spleen.

porte- or port- (portare, to carry). A carrier, or
holder, p.-acid, an instrument for the local appli-
cation of an acid, p.-aiguille. See needle-holder.
p.-caustique, a holder for the stick of caustic, p.-
cordon, an instrument for replacing a prolapsed funis.
p.-crayon. See- p.-caustique. p.-fil. Synonym of
p.-ligature. p.-fillet, an instrument for applying a
fillet to some part of the fetal body, p.-ligature, an
instrument for applying a ligature to a deep part.
p.-moxa. See moxa. p.-nceud, an instrument for
applying a ligature to the pedicle of a tumor, p.-
pierre. Synonym of p.-caustique.

porter (por'-ter). See under malt liquors.

Porter's symptom. Tracheal tugging. See Oliver's
symptom.

portio (por'-she-o) [L.]. Portion. Also, an abbrevi-
ated expression for portio vaginalis uteri — the vaginal
portion of the uterus, p. alba cerebri, the white
substance of the brain, p. aryvocalis, a short muscle
attached anteriorly to the vocal band and posteriorly
to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage.
p. axillaris, the second part of the subclavian artery.
p. corporis striati externa, the lenticular nucleus, p.
24

corporis striati interna, the caudate nucleus, p. dura,
the facial nerve, p. infravaginalis, the vaginal por-
tion of the neck of the uterus, p. inter duram et
mollem, a small funiculus between the seventh
and eighth cranial nerves, p. intermedia Wris-
bergii. Synonym of p. inter duram et mollem.
p. mollis, the auditory nerve, p. muscularis, the
second division of the subclavian artery, p. pec-
toralis, the first division of the subclavian artery.
p. pylorica ventriculi, the pyloric extremity of the
stomach, p. splenica ventriculi, the cardiac ex-
tremity of the stomach, p. thoracica, the first
part of the axillary artery, p. ventriculi lienalis.
Synonym of p. splenica ventriculi.

portiplex, portiplexus (por'-tip-leks, por-tip-leks' -us)
[porta, gate; plexus]. The plexus or vascular fringe
that connects the two lateral choroid plexuses. It
passes through the porta, or foramen of Monro,
whence the name.

port-wine mark, p. stain. See nevus (2).

porus (po'-rus) [L.]. 1. A pore, foramen. 2. A
callosity, p. acusticus externus, the opening of the
external auditory canal, p. acusticus internus, the
opening of the internal auditory canal into the
cranial cavity, p. opticus, the opening in the center
of the lamina cribrosa transmitting the central
artery of the retina, p. sudoriferus, a sweat pore.

Posadas, protozoic disease of. See dermatitis,
blastomycetic.

position (po-zish' -un) [ponere, to place]. Place;
location; attitude; posture, p., anatomical, the
person stands erect with the arms at the side and
palms forward, p., dorsal, one in which the patient
lies on the back, p., Edebohls'. See Simon's posi-
tion, p., English. See p., left lateral recumbent.
p. of the fetus, the relation of the presenting part of
the fetus to the cardinal points of Capuron. For
the vertex,^ the face, and the breech there are each
four positions: a right anterior, a right posterior, a
left anterior, and a left posterior. For each of the
shoulders there is an anterior and a posterior position.
In order to shorten and memorize these positions,
the initials of the chief words are made use of, as
follows: For vertex presentations the word occiput
is abbreviated O., and preceded by the letter R. or
for right or left, and followed by 4. or P., according
as the presenting part is anterior or posterior. We
thus have the initials L.O.A., left occipitoanterior,
to indicate that the presenting occiput is upon the
anterior left side. In the same way are derived the
terms L.O.P., R.O.A., R.O.P. For facial presenta-
tions we have in the same way L.F.A. (left fronto-
anterior), L.F.P., R.F.A., R.F.P. For breech or
sacral presentations, L.S.A., L.S.P., R.S.A., R.S.P.,
and for shoulder (dorsal) presentations, L.D.A.,
L.D.P..R.D.A..R.D.P. p., Fowler's. See Fowler's
position, p., high pelvic. See Trendelenburg's posi-
tion, p., knee-chest, p., genupectoral, one in which
the patient rests upon the knees and chest, the arms
being crossed above the head, p., knee-elbow,
p., genucubital, one in which the patient lies upon
the knees and elbows, the head resting upon the
hands, p., left lateral recumbent, p., English,
p., obstetric, one in which the patient lies on the
left side with the right thigh and knee drawn up. p.,
lithotomy, p., dorsosacral, one in which the patient
lies on the back with the legs flexed on the thighs and
the thighs flexed on the abdomen and abducted.
p., Simon's. See Simon's position, p., semiprone,
one in which the patient lies on the left side with the
right knee and thigh drawn up and the left arm placed
along the back; the chest is inclined forward so that
the patient rests upon it. Syn., Sims' position.
p., Trendelenburg's. See Trendelenburg's position.
p., Walcher's. See Watcher's position.

positive (poz'-it-iv) [positivus, from ponere, to
place]. Real; existing; actual. In mathematics
and physiology, denoting one of two quantities or
conditions assumed as primary or fundamental;
opposed to one assumed as negative; denoting a
quantity greater than zero; to be added; additive.
p. electricity, the kind of electricity developed by
rubbing glass with silk. p. electrode, p. pole, the
electrode or pole connected with the negative plate
of a battery, p. element, p. plate, that plate of a
battery which is acted upon by the fluid, e. g., the
zinc plate in the zinc-carbon battery.

positive phase. See opsonic index.

positor (pos'-it-or) [ponere, to place]. See repositor.

Posner's reaction for peptones and albumins.

POSITIONS

706

POSITIONS

The Semiprone, or Sims' Posture. Anterior
View.

The Genu-pectoral Posture.

Walcher's Position.

The Trendelenburg Posture.

The Dorso-sacral Posture. Lateral View.

The Dorsal Recumbent Posture.

Edebohls' Posture.

POSOLOGICAL

707

POSTHUMOUS

Alkalinize the urine, pour it into a test-tube, and
overlay it very carefully with a very dilute, almost
colorless solution of copper sulphate. In the presence
of peptone a violet zone will form even in the cold;
the same reaction is yielded by albumin upon warm-
ing.

posological, posologic (po-so-loj'-ik-al, po-so-loj'-ik)
[xocros, how much; \6yos, science]. Pertaining to
posology or quantitative dosage.

posology (pos-ol'-oj-e) [tt6<tos, how much; A670S,
science]. That branch of medical science dealing
with the dosage of medicines.

posset (pos'-et) [posca, sour wine and water].
A preparation of milk curdled with wine.

possetting {pos'-et-ing) [posset]. The regurgitation
of infants.

post- (post-) [L.]. A prefix denoting after; behind.

postaccessual (post-ak-ses'-u-al) [post-; accessio,
a paroxysm]. Occurring after a paroxysm.

postacetabular (post-as-et-ab'-u-lar) [post-; aceta-
bulum]. Situated behind the acetabulum.

postanal (post-a'-nal) [post-; anus]. Situated
behind the anus.

postanesthetic (post-an-es-thet'-ik). Occurring after
anesthesia.

postapoplectic (post-ap-o-plek'-tik) [post-; apoplexy].
Coming on, or occurring, after a stroke of apoplexy.
p. coma, the coma that often succeeds an apoplectic
stroke.

postauditory (post-aw'-dit-o-re) [post-; audire, to
hear]. Situated behind the auditory nerve, or
chamber, p. fossa, a crescentic notch on the tem-
poral bone separating the temporal ridge from the
auditory plate.

postaxial (post-aks'-e-al) [post-; axis]. Situated
behind the axis: in the arm, behind the ulnar aspect;
in the leg, behind the fibular aspect.

postbrachial (post-bra' -ke-al) [post-; brachium,
arm]. Situated posterior to the arm.

postbrachium (post-bra' -ke-um) [post-; brachium].
The posterior brachium of the corpus quadrigeminum,
seen on the lateral slope of the mesencephal. It is
between the prebrachium and the lemniscus.

postcava (post-kav'-ah) [post-; cavus, hollow].
The inferior or ascending vena cava.

postcaval (post-kav'-al). Pertaining to the inferior
or ascending vena cava.

postcentral (post-sen' -tral) [post-; center]. 1. Situ-
ated behind a center. 2. Situated behind the fissure
of Rolando, or central fissure of the brain, as the
postcentral convolution.

postcerebellar (post-ser-e-bel'-ar) [post-; cerebellum].
Situated behind, or in the posterior portion of the
cerebellum.

postcerebral (post-ser'-e-bral) [post-; cerebrum].
Situated behind, or in the posterior part of the
cerebrum.

postcibal (post-si' -bal) [post-; cibum, food]. Oc-
curring after meals.

postcisterna (post-sis-ter'-nah) [post-; cisterna, a
vessel]. That portion of the spaces separating the
ental layer of the arachnoid from the pia of the cere-
bellum, and communicating with the true encephalic
cavities through the metapore, and also with the
spinal subarachnoid space; thecisterna magna.

postclavicular (post-kla-vik'-u-lar) [post-; clavicle].
Situated behind the clavicle.

postcommissure (post-kom'-is-iir) [post-; com-
missure]. The posterior commissure of the brain.

postconnubial (post-kon-nu'-be-al) [post-; connu-
bium, marriage]. Coming on, or occurring, after
marriage.

postconvulsive (post-kon-vul'-siv) [post-; convul-
sion]. Coming on after a convulsion.

postcordial (post-kor'-de-al) [post-; cor, heart].
Situated behind the heart.

postcornu (post-kor'-nu) [post-; cornu, horn: pi.,
postcornua]. The occipital horn of the lateral ven-
tricle of the brain.

postcornual (post-kor'-nu-al) [post-; cornu, horn].
Pertaining to the postcornua (of the ventricles of the
brain or of the spinal cord).

postcribrum (post-krib' -rum) [post-; cribrum, sieve].
The posterior perforated space of the brain.

postcubital (post-kil'-bit-al) [post-; cubitus, the
forearm]. Situated on the posterior aspect of the
forearm.

postdiastolic (post-di-as-tol'-ik) [post-; diastole].
Occurring after the diastole.

postdicrotic (post-di-krot'-ik) [post ; dicrotic]. Com-

ing after the dicrotic wave of the pulse, p. wave, a
second recoil-wave in the sphygmographic tracing.
It is not always present.

postdiphtheritic (post-dif-ther-it'-ik) [post-; diph-
theric]. Occurring after an attack of diphtheria, as
postdiphtheritic paralysis.

postembryonic (post-em-bri-on'-ik) [post-; embryo].
Occurring after the embryonic stage.

postepileptic (post-ep-i-lep'-tik) [post-; epilepsy].
Occurring afteran epileptic attack.

posterior (pos-te'-re-or) [posterus, after; behind].
Placed behind or to the back of a part. p. chamber,
the space between the iris and the lens.

postero- (pos-te-ro-) [posterior]. A prefix meaning
posterior.

posteroexternal (pos-ter-o-eks-ter'-nal) [postero- ;
external]. Occupying the outer side of a back part,
as the posteroexternal column of the spinal cord.

posterointernal (pos-ter-o-in-ter'-nal) [postero-; in-
ternal]. Occupying the inner side of a back part,
as the posterointernal column of the spinal cord.

posterolateral (pos-te-ro-lat' -er-al) [postero-; lateral].
Situated behind and at the side of a part.

posteromedian (pos-te-ro-me'-de-an). Located in
the middle of a posterior aspect.

posteroparietal (pos-te-ro-par-i'-et-aV) [postero-; par-
ietal]. Situated at or opposite the posterior part
of the parietal bone; posterior and parietal.

posterosuperior (pos-te-ro-su-pe'-re-or) [postero-;
superior]. Situated behind and above a part.

posterotemporal (pos-te-ro-tem' -por-al) [postero- ;
temporal]. Situated at or opposite the posterior
part of the temporal bone ; posterior and temporal.

posterula (pos-ter'-oo-lah) [posterus, posterior].
That portion of the nasopharynx between the pos-
terior nares and the salpingo-palatal fold; a small
space at the posterior ends of the turbinated bones
of the nose.

postesophageal, postcesophageal (post-e-sof-aj'-
e-al) [post-; esophagus]. Situated behind the eso-
phagus.

postfebrile (post-feb'-ril) [post-; febris, a fever].
Occurring after a fever.

postfovea (post-fo'-ve-ah) [post-; fovea, pit]. The
posterior fovea, a depression in the floor of the
fourth ventricle of the brain.

postgeminum (post-jem'-in-um) [post-; geminus,
twin]. The posterior pair of bodies of the corpora
quadrigemina.

postgeniculatum, postgeniculum (post-jen-ik-u-lar-
tum, -jen-ik'-u-lum) [post-; geniculum]. The internal,
geniculate body. _

postglenoid (post-gle'-noid) [post-; glenoid]. Situ-
ated behind the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone,
as the postglenoid tubercle, also called simply post-
glenoid.

postgraduate (post-grad' -u-at). 1. Belonging to or
prosecuting a course of study after graduating.
2. A graduate.

posthalgia (pos-thal'-je-ah) [irbadrj, penis; aAyos,
pain]. Pain in the penis.

posthemiplegic (post-hem-i-ple'-jik) [post-; hemi-
plegia]. Occurring after or following an attack of
hemiplegia, p. chorea, choreiform movements in
paralyzed limbs.

posthemorrhagic (post-hem-o-raj'-ik). Occurring
after a hemorrhage.

posthetomy (pos-ihef -o-me) [woadrj, prepuce; roufi,
a cutting]. Circumcision.

posthioplastic (pos-the-o-plas'-tik) [posthioplasty].
Pertaining to, or involving, plastic surgery of the
prepuce.

posthioplasty (pos'-the-o-plas-te) [iroo-Ori, foreskin;
7rXd<r<reu>, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the pre-
puce.

posthippocampal (post-hip-o-kam'-pal) [post-; hip-
pocampus]. Pertaining to the calcar or hippocampus
minor.

posthitis (pos-thi'-tis) [woadt], prepuce; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the prepuce.

posthocalymma (pos-tho-kal-im'-ah) [wbadri, penis;
KaKvuna, veil]? Synonym of condom.

postholith (pos'-lho-lith) [-KbaQt], prepuce; \i9os, a
stone]. A preputial calculus.

posthoncus (pos-thong'-kus) [noo-dr), prepuce; 07/cos,
swelling]. A swelling or tumor of the prepuce.

posthumeral (posl-hu'-mer-al) [post-; humerus].
Situated behind the humerus.

posthumous (pos'-tu-mus) [poslumus, latest, last].
Occurring after death, p. child, one born after

POSTHYOID

708

POTASSIUM

the death of the father, or taken by cesarean operation
from the body of its mother after her death.

posthyoid (post-hi'-oid). Posterior to the hyoid
bone.

posthypnotic (post-hip-not' -ik) [post-; virvos, sleep].
Succeeding the hypnotic state; acting after the
hypnotic state has passed off, as posthypnotic sug-
gestion.

posthypophysis (post-hi-poff'-is-is) [post-; hypo-
physis]. The posterior and cerebral portion of the
hypophysis or pituitary body.

posticus (pos-ti'-kus) [L.]. Posterior.

postinfluenzal (post-in-flu-en'-zal). Occurring after
influenza.

postinsula (post-in' -su-lah) [post-; insula], i. The
posterior part of the insula. 2. Behind the insula.

postischial (post-is' -ke-al). Dorsad of the ischium.

postmalarial (post-mal-a'-re-al). Occurring as a
sequel of malaria.

postmastoid (post-mas' -toid) [post-; mastoid].
Situated behind the mastoid process of the temporal
bone.

postmedian (post-me'-de-an) [post-; medius, the
middle]. Behind the middle transverse line of the
body.

postmediastinal (post-me-de-as-ti'-nal) [post-; medi-
astinum]. Pertaining to the postmediastinum.

postmediastinum (post-me-de-as-ti'-num) [post- ;
mediastinum]. The posterior mediastinal space.

postmortal (post-mor'-tal) [postmortem]. After
death.

postmortem (post-mor'-tem) [post-; mors, death].
1. Occurring after death. 2. An examination of the
body after death; an autopsy, p. wart. See verruca
necrogenica.

postnares (post-na'-rez) [post-; naris, nostril].
The posterior nares.

postnarial (post-na'-re-al) [post-; naris, a nostril].
Pertaining to the posterior nares.

postnasal (post-na'-zal) [post-; nasus, nose].
Situated behind the nose. p. catarrh, catarrhal
inflammation of the nasopharynx.

postnatal (post-na'-zal) [post-; natus, born]. Sub-
sequent to birth, as a postnatal disease.

postoblongata (post-ob-long-ga'-tah) [post-; ob-
longata]. The caudal or metencephalic portion of
the oblongata, forming the floor of the metacele.

postocular (post-ok'-ii-lar) [post-; oculus, the eye].
Behind the eye.

postolivary (post-ol'-iv-a-re) [post-; olivary]. Be-
hind the oliva.

postoperative (post-op' -er-a-tiv) [post-; operatio,
operation]. Occurring after an operation, as post-
operative insanity.

postoperculum (post-o-per'-ku-lum) [post-; opercu-
lum]. That one of the folds covering the insula
which is formed of a part of the supertemporal gyrus;
the temporal operculum.

postopticus (post-op' -tik-us) [post-; &\f/, eye; pi.,
postoptici]. Either one of the posterior pair of
optic lobes, or corpora quadrigemina.

postoral (post-o'-ral) [post-; os, oris, mouth].
Situated either behind or in the posterior part of the
mouth.

postorbital (post-or'-bit-dl) [post, orbita, orbit].
Situated behind or below the orbit.

postotic (post-o'-tik) [post-; ovs, ear]. Behind the
auditory vesicle.

postpalatal (post-pal'-at-al) [post-; palatum, the
palate]. Situated behind the palate bones.

postparalytic (post-par-ah-lit'-ik) [post-; paralysis].
Following an attack of paralysis.

postpartum (post-par' -turn) [post-; partus, birth].
Following childbirth, as postpartum hemorrhage.

postpeduncle (post-pe'-dunk-l) [post-; pedunculus,
peduncle]. The inferior cerebellar peduncle.

postperforatus (post-per-for-a'-tus) [post-; perforare,
to perforate]. The posterior perforated space.

postpharyngeal (post-far-in'-je-al) [post-; pharynx].
Situated behind the pharynx.

postpituitary (post-pit-u'-it-a-re) [post-; pituitary].
Situated behind the pituitary body.

postpleuritic (post-ploo-rit'-ik). Following pleurisy.

postpneumonic (post-nu-mon'-ik). Following pneu-
monia.

postpone (post-pon') [post-; ponere, to place].
Of a paroxysm, to occur after the regular time.

postponent (post-po'-nent) [see postpone]. Delayed
in recurrence.

postpontile (post-pon' -til) [post-; pons]. Situated

behind the pons Varolii, p. recess, the foramen
caecum.

postpyramidal (post-pir-am'-id-al) [post-; pyramid].
Situated behind the pyramidal tract, p. nucleus,
the nucleus funiculi gracilis.

postramus (post-ra'-mus) [post-; ramus, branch].
The caudal or horizontal branch of the stem of the
arbor of the cerebellum.

postrhinal (post-ri'-nal) [post-; pis, nose]. Pos-
terior and rhinal. p. fissure, the basirhinal fissure.

postrolandic (post-ro-lan'-dik). Situated behind
the fissure of Rolando.

postsacral (post-sa'-kral) [post-; sacrum]. Situated
behind or below the sacrum.

postscalenus (post-ska-le'-nus) [post-; scalenus].
The scalenus posticus muscle.

postscapula (post-skap'-u-lah) [post-; scapula].
The part of the scapula below or posterior to the
spine.

postscapular (post-skap'-u-lar). Pertaining to the
postscapula.

postscapularis (post-skap-u-la'-ris) [post-; scapula].
Synonym of the infraspinatus muscle.

postscarlatinal (post-skar-lat-e'-nal). Occurring
after scarlatina.

postsphenoid (post-sfe'-noid) [post-; sphenoid].
Situated behind the sphenoid bone; also, forming
its posterior portion.

postsylvian (post-sil'-ve-an). Situated behind the
Sylvian fissure of the brain.

postsyphilitic (post-sif-il-U'-ik). Flowing syphilis.

postsystolic (post-sis-tol'-ik) [post-; systole). Oc-
curring after the systole of the heart.

posttarsal (post-tar' -sal). Located behind the
tarsus.

posttibial (post-tib'-e-al) [post-; tibia]. Situated
upon the posterior aspect of the tibia.

posttyphoid (post-ti'-foid). Following typhoid.

postulate (pos'-tu-lat) [postulare, to demand]. A
well-known law; a basis of argument too obvious to
require proof, p.s, Koch's. See Koch.

postural (pos'-tur-al) [ponere, to place]. Per-
taining to posture or position; performed by means
of a special posture, as postural treatment.

posture (pos'-tilr). See position.

postuterine (post-u' -ter-in) [post-; uterus]. Situ-
ated behind the uterus.

postvaccinal (post-vaks'-sin-nal). Following vacci-
nation.

postvermis (post-ver'-mis) [post-; vermis]. The
inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum.

potable (po'-ta-bl) [potare, to drink]. Drinkable;
fit to drink.

Potain's solution (po-tan') [Pierre Carl Edouard
Potain, French physician, 1825-1901]. For use with
the hemoglobinometer : a mixture of a solution of gum
acacia, sp. gr. 1020, 1 volume; equal parts of sodium
sulphate and sodium chloride in solution of sp. gr.
1020, 3 volumes. P.'s syndrome, dyspepsia and
dilatation of the right ventricle with accentuation of
the pulmonary sound, observed during the digestive
process in cases of gastrectasis.

potamophobia (pot-am-of-o'-be-ah) [iroranos, river;
<f>6J3os, fear]. The morbid fear of sheets of water.

potash (pot' -ash). 1. Potassium hydroxide; caustic
potash. 2. Potassium carbonate.

potassa (po-tas'-ah). Potash. See potassium
hydroxide.

potassacol (po-tas'-sa-kol). The potassium salt of
guaiacol-sulphonic acid.

potassic (po-tas'-ik) [potassa]. Containing po-
tassium.

potassiocupric (po-tas-e-o-ku'-prik). Containing
potassium and copper.

potassiomercuric (po-tas-e-o-mer-ku'-rik). Com-
bined with potassium and mercury.

potassium (po-tas'-e-um) [potassa, potash]. A
silver-white, soft, very ductile metal, belonging
to the alkali group, and having a sp. gr. of 0.865;
quantivalence I; atomic weight 39.10; symbol K (from
the Latin kalium). It forms compounds with
nearly all nonmetals. p. acetate (potassii acetas,
U. S. P., B. P.), KC2H3O2, used in rheumatism, as a
diuretic in dropsy, and in cutaneous diseases. Dose
20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). p. arsenate, K2HASO4,
extremely poisonous crystals, soluble in water;
used as an antiperiodic and alterative. Dose 5W5
gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.). p. arsenite, solution of
(liquor potassii arsenitis, U. S. P.), Fowler's solution.
Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). p. bicarbonate (potassii

POTASSIUM

709

POTT'S ANEURYSM

bicarbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), KHCOs, used as an
antacid. It is also highly recommended in influenza
and to abort colds. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.).
p. binoxalate, salt of sorrel, a constituent of wood-
sorrel, p. bisulphate, KHSOi, has been used as a
laxative and refrigerant. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.).
p. bitartrate (potassii bitartras, U. S. P., B. P.), cream
of tartar, KHC4H4O6, used as a cathartic, as a diuretic
in dropsy, and for making refrigerant drinks in febrile
affections. It is an ingredient of pulvis jalapce
compositus (U.S. P.). Dose 1 dr.-§ oz. (4-16 Cc).
p. bromide. See bromidum, potassii, under bromine.
p. camphorate, K2C10H14O4, white, antiseptic crystals,
soluble in water, used in night-sweats of tuberculosis,
gonorrhea, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.).
p. carbolate, C6H5OK, white, antiseptic crystals,
soluble in water; used in diarrhea and dysentery.
Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). p. carbonate
(potassii carbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), used as an antacid
in dyspepsia and as an antilithic. p. chlorate
(potassii Moras, U. S. P., B. P.), KClOs, used locally
and internally in various forms of stomatitis, in
mercurial ptyalism, and in pharyngitis. Dose 10-
20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). In overdoses it is an irritant
poison. From it are prepared trochisci potassii
chloratis (U. S. P.). p. citrate (potassii citras, U. S.
P., B. P.), K3C6H5O7+H2O, used as a diaphoretic in
fevers, in bronchitis, and in rheumatism, the uric-
acid diathesis, etc. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.).
p. citrate, effervescent (potassii citras effervescens,
U. S. P.), is used like the preceding. Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Cc). p. citrate, solution of (liquor potassii
citratis, U. S. P.), an aqueous liquid containing 8 %
of anhydrous potassium citrate with small amounts
of citric and carbonic acids. Neutral mixture is
prepared by substituting lemon-juice for the citric
acid. Dose J-i oz. (16-30 Cc). p. cobaltinitrate,
has been employed in asthma, nephritis, and valvu-
lar heart disease. Dose |— § gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.).
p. cyanide (potassii cyanidum, U. S. P., B. P.),
KCN, is similar in properties to hydrocyanic acid.
It is also used locally in neuralgia. Dose \ gr.
(0.008 Gm.). p. dichromate, p. bichromate (potassii
dichromas, U. S. P., B. P.), K2Cr207, used as a
caustic, and for the preparation of battery-fluids
and of preserving-fluids for tissues; it was formerly
employed as an alterative, p. diiodoresorcin-
monosulphate. See picrol. p. dithiocarbonate,
K2COS2, an orange-red, crystalline powder, used
externally in skin diseases: eczema, 5 to io % oint-
ment; psoriasis, 20 % ointment, p. ferricyanide,
K6Feo(CN)i2,# is used in the arts and as a reagent.
p. ferrocyanide (potassii ferrocyanidum, U. S, P.,
B.P.), K4Fe(CN)6+3H20, yellow prussiate of potash,
has been used in the night-sweats of tuberculosis.
Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). It is extensively
employed in the arts, as a reagent, and in pharmacy
to prepare diluted hydrocyanic acid. p. fluores-
ceinate, K2C20H10O5, the potassium salt of fluorescein;
a yellowish-red powder, soluble in water. It is used
to detect corneal ulcerations, p.-guaiacol sulphonate,
a fine white powder, soluble in water, containing
60 % of guaiacol. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.).
p. hydroxide (potassii hydroxidum, U. S. P., B. P.),
KOH, caustic potash. This is a white solid, usually
occurring in the form of pencils, and having powerful
escharotic properties, p. hypochlorite, KOC1, a
substance which in solution forms Javelle water.
p. hypophosphite (potassii hypophosphis, U. S. P.),
KH2PO2. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). See
hypophosphite. p. iodate, is used in stomatitis and
pharyngitis as a substitute for potassium chlorate.
Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). p. iodide (potassii
iodidum, U. S. P., B. P.), KI, is used as an alterative
in syphilis; in chronic poisoning by lead or mercury;
as an absorbent of inflammatory exudates; in chronic
rheumatism, etc. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.);
in syphilis several drams may be administered daily.
From it are prepared unguentum iodi and unguentum
potassii iodidi (U. S. P.). p. nitrate (potassii nitras,
U. S. P., B. P.), KNO3, saltpeter, is used as a re-
frigerant diuretic and diaphoretic; in asthma the
inhalation of fumes produced by burning niter-paper
(paper dipped in a solution of the nitrate and dried)
is useful. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). From it
is_ prepared argenti nitras mitigatus (U. S. P.). p.
nitrite, KNO2, white, amorphous sticks, soluble in
water; used in asthma, epilepsy, etc. Dose \-2 gr.
(0.0 16-0. 13 Gm.) several times daily, p. nitro-
prusside, K2F2 . NO . (CN)5+2H20, garnet-red crys-

tals, soluble in water or alcohol, used as a test for
albumin in urine, p. perchlorate, KCIO4, white
crystals, slightly soluble in water; antipyretic, anti-
periodic, sedative, and diuretic. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.32-1.0 Gm.). Syn., hyper chlorate of potassium.
p. permanganate (potassii permanganas, U. S. P.,
B. P.), KMn04, is a salt of permanganic acid, which
is derived from the manganese heptoxide, MmOz.
It is used as an antiseptic and deodorant, in amenor-
rhea, and as an antidote to opium-poisoning and
poisoning by snake-bites. Dose as an emmenagogue
1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). It is also employed as a
reagent. Condy's fluid is an aqueous solution of
potassium permanganate 2 parts in 100. p. phos-
phate, K2HPO4, has been used as an alterative in
scrofula and pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 10-30
gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). p. salicylate, KC7H5O3, a white
powder, soluble in water or alcohol; antipyretic,
analgesic, antirheumatic Dose 6-15 gr. (0.4-1.0
Gm.). p. silicate, IGSiOs (approximately), soluble
glass, is used as is plaster-of-Paris for making fixed
dressings for fractures, p. and sodium tartrate (po-
tassii et sodii tartras, U. S. P., B. P.), KNaC4H406 +
4H2O, Rochelle salt, is used as a saline cathartic;
it is an ingredient of seidlitz powder. Dose |-i oz.
(16-32 Cc). p. sozoiodolate, KHC6H2I2OSO3, a
white crystalline powder containing 58.8 % of iodine,
20 % of phenol, and 7 % of sulphur; soluble in hot
water, melts at 1200 C. It is bactericidal and is
used externally in 3 % ointment, p. sulphate (po-
tassii sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), K2SO4, is used as a
laxative and purgative. Dose £-4 dr. (2-16 Gm.).
p. sulphite, K2SO3+2H2O, is antiseptic and laxative
and used in acid fermentation of the stomach. Dose
15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). p. sulphobenzoate, KC-H5SO5
+5H2O, soluble in water or alcohol; used as a wash,
4 to 5 % solution, in skin diseases, p. sulphocarbc—
late, KC6H5SO4+H2O, white crystals, soluble in
water or alcohol. It is antiparasitic, germicidal,
and antiseptic, p. sulphocarbonate, K2CS3, yellow
crystals, soluble in water, used in baths in skin
diseases, p. sulphocyanate, KCNS, colorless needles,
soluble in water or alcohol; it is a constituent of
saliva; sedative, antispasmodic, and anodyne. Dose
f-3 gr. (0.05-0.2 Gm.); maximum dose 45 gr. (0.3
Gm.), single; 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) daily, p. sulpho-
phenate. See p. sulphocarbolate. p. tartrate (potassii
tartras, B. P.), K2C4D 4O6 . H2O, is used as a mild
purgative in febrile affections. Dose 1 dr.-i oz.
(4-32 Cc). p. valerate, KC5H9O2, used as a stimu-
lant in low fevers, hysteria, etc. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13—
0.32 Gm.) several times daily.

potato culture. A culture of microorganisms on
potato, p. oil, crude amyl alcohol, p. treatment (of
diabetes), a daily diet of 1-2 1 pounds of potatoes
and the exclusion of bread.

potency (po'-ten-se) [see potential]. 1. Power;
efficacy. 2. In homeopathy, the degree of dilution
of a drug.

potentia (po-ten'-she-ah) [L.]. Power, potency,
ability, faculty, p. coeundi, capacity for copulation.
p. generandi, procreance.

potential (po-ten'-shal) [potens, able]. 1. Capable
of acting or doing work, as potential energy. 2. In
electricity, a state of tension or of potential energy
capable of doing work. If two bodies of different
potential are brought together, a current is established
between them that is capable of doing work.

potentialization (po-tent-shal-i-za' -shun) . In home-
opathy, the rendering of drugs potent by attenuation,
dynamization, etc

potentiation. See potentialization.

potentize (po'-tent-iz) [posse, to be able]. To ren-
der potent; in homeopathy, applied to drugs.

potentor (po-tenf -or) [potentia, power]. A device
for the mechanical treatment of male impotence due
to lack of penile erectility.

potio (po'-she-o) [L.]. A potion.

potion (po'-shun) [potio]. A drink or draught.

potocytosis (po-to-si-to'-sis) [potio; kvtos, cell].
The ability of cells to drink solutions.

potomania (po-to-ma'-ne-ah) [potio; navla, mad-
ness]. Delirium tremens.

Pott's aneurysm [Percival Pott, English surgeon,
17 14-1788]. Aneurysmal varix. P.'s boss, the
projecting spinous process noticeable on palpation
in Pott's disease or vertebral caries. P.'s curva-
ture, P.'s gibbus, the deformity of Pott's disease.
P.'s disease, caries of the vertebra?, generally of
tuberculous origin. The symptoms are stiffness of

POTTERS' ASTHMA

710

PREASEPTIC

the spinal column, pain on motion, tenderness on
pressure, undue prominence of one or more of the
spines; in certain cases spasmodic pain in the ab-
domen; formation of abscess; occasionally, in late
stages, paralysis. P.'s fracture, fracture of the
fibula about three inches above the ankle-joint,
usually with a splitting-off of the tip of the inner
malleolus, and at times rupture of the internal lateral
ligament, with outward displacement of the foot.
P.'s gangrene, senile gangrene. P.'s paraplegia,
paraplegia caused by spinal caries. P.'s puffy
tumor, circumscribed superficial swelling of the scalp
connected with osteomyelitis of the skull.

potters' asthma. A form of pneumonokoniosis
prevalent among potters, p. bronchitis. See bron-
chitis, p. clay. See argilla. p. consumption, a
form of pneumonokoniosis prevalent among potters.
p. lung, a chronic inflammation of the lungs common
among potters, and due to the inhalation of
dust.

pouch [Fr., poche, a pocket]. A sac or pocket.
p., Broca's. See Broca's pouch, p., pressure, a
bulge in the wall of the esophagus due to weakness.
p. of Douglas, p., rectouterine. See Douglas' culde-
sac. p., laryngeal, a blind pouch of mucosa opening
into the ventral part of the ventricle of the larynx.

Poulet's disease (poo-la') [Alfred Poulet, French
physician, 1848-18 88]. Rheumatoid osteoperiostitis.

poultice (pol'-tis) [puis, porridge]. A soft, semi-
liquid mass made of some cohesive substance mixed
with water, and used for application to the skin, for
the purpose of supplying heat and moisture or acting
as a local stimulant. Syn., cataplasma.

poultogen (pol'-to-jen). A poultice said to contain
oil of wintergreen, boric acid, salicylic acid, iodine
(in organic combination), and pine oils in a base of
calcined siliceous earth.

pound (pownd). A unit of measure of weight.
The troy pound contains 12 oz., or 5760 grains; the
avoirdupois pound contains 16 oz., or 7000 grains.
Symbol lb. See weights and measures, p., foot-,
the force necessary to raise one pound through the
height of one foot.

poundal (pown'-dal). A unit of force; that force
which applied to a pound of matter for one second
generates in it a velocity of one foot per second.
p., foot. See poundal.

Poupart's ligament (poo'-part) [Francois Poupart,
French anatomist, 1661-1709]. The ligament ex-
tending from the anterior superior spine of the ilium
to the spine of the pubis and the pectineal line. It
is the lower portion of the aponeurosis of the external
oblique muscle.

powder [Fr., poudre, from pulvis, powder]. 1. A
collection of fine particles. 2. In pharmacy, a col-
lection of fine particles of one or more substances
capable of passing through a sieve having meshes of a
certain fineness; also a single dose of such a substance.
p., aromatic. See pulvis aromaticus. p., Dover's
(pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, U. S. P.). See opium,
powder of ipecac and. p., Dupuytren's. See Dupuy-
tren's powder, p., gray, hydrargyrum cum creta.
p., Gregory's. See Gregory's powder, p., James'. See
antimony, powder of. p., Portland, a gout remedy
consisting of equal parts of the tops and leaves of
Teucrium chamcedrys, and Erythrcea centaurium, the
leaves of Ajuga chamcepitys, and the roots of Gentiana
lutea, and Aristolochia rotunda. Dose 1 dr. (3.8
Gm.) daily before breakfast for 6 months; 40 gr. (1.2
Gm.) for 3 months; § dr. (1.9 Gm.) for 6 months,
and finally f dr. (1.9 Gm.) every other day for a
year, p., Seidlitz-. See pulvis effervescens compositus
p., Tully's. See Tully's powder.

pox [pocks, pi. of pock, a vesicle or pustule]. 1. A
term applied to any disease possessing a vesicular or
pustular eruption. 2. Vulgarly, syphilis, p., chick-
en-. See varicella, p., cow-. See cowpox. p.,
small-. See variola.

P.p. Abbreviation for punctum proximum, Latin
for near point.

Ppt. Abbreviation for precipitate.

Pr. Abbreviation for presbyopia.

P.r. Abbreviation for punctum remotum, Latin
for far point.

practice (prak'-tis) [practicare, to practice]. The
practice of medicine; the application of the principles
of medicine to the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

practician (prak-tish'-an). See practitioner.

practise (prak'-tis) [see practice]. To perform the
duties of a physician.

practitioner (prak-tish'-on-er) [see practice] One
who practises medicine.

prae- (pre-) [L.]. See pre-.

praecava (pre'-ka-vah). See precava.

praecordia (pre-kor'-de-ah). See precordia.

praecornu (pre-kor'-nu). See precomu.

praecuneus (pre-ku-ne'-us). See precuneus.

praegeniculatum (pre-jen-ik-u-la'-tum). See pre-
geniculatum.

prasmaxilla (pre-maks-iV -ah) . See premaxilla.

praemedulla (pre-me-dul'-ah). Synonym of medulla
oblongata.

praeperforatus (pre-per-for-a'-tus). See preper-
foratus.

praeputium (pre-pu'-she-um). See prepuce.

praevia (pre'-ve-ah) [fem. of prcevius, from prce,
before; via, a way]. Coming before; standing before.
p., placenta. See placenta prcevia.

pragmatagnosia (prag-mat-ag-no'-ze-ah) [xpa-yjua,
an object; &yi>u<ria, want of recognition]. Inability
to recognize an object, p., visual, a term suggested
for object-blindness.

pragmatamnesia (prag-mat-am-ne'-ze-ah) [irpayfia,
an object; afivrja-ia, forgetfulness]. Inability to re-
member the appearance of an object, p., visual,
a term suggested for that mental condition in which
there is inability to call up the visual image of an
object.

Prague method (prag, or prahg) [Prague, the capital
of Bohemia] . A method of delivery of the af tercoming
head. The child's ankles are grasped above the in-
ternal malleoli with the right hand. The index finger
of the left hand is flexed over one clavicle, and the
remaining fingers of the same hand over the other
clavicle. Traction directly down is now made with
both hands until the perineum is well distended.
The right hand then loosens its hold upon the ankles
and again grasps higher up the legs, the child's
feet being in contact with the back of the right hand.
By a circular movement the feet are now raised toward
the mother's abdomen, the obstetrician using the
left hand, as originally placed, as a fulcrum around
which the head moves.

prairie-itch. A name applied to various forms of
skin diseases associated with pruritus, occurring in
men engaged in work on prairies, among lumbermen,
and others, and either due to scabies or pruritus
hiemalis.

praseodymium (pras-e-o-dim'-e-um). A metallic
element, one of the constituents of didymium.

prasoid (pra'-soid). 1. A solution of globularin
and globularetin; used in acute gout and rheuma-
tism. Dose 15-20 drops 3 times daily. 2. [irpaaov,
the leek; elSos, likeness.] The color of a leek; leek-
green.

pratique (prah-teek') [Fr.]. The bill-of-health
given to vessels by a health officer.

Pratt's operation. The practice of orificial surgery,
based on the belief that many chronic diseases are
due to morbid conditions of the orifices of the body,
particularly the anus and the urogenital canal.
The operation consists in the dilatation of either or
both of these orifices and the removal of any irri-
tating condition that may be present.

Pravaz's syringe (prav-ah') [Charles Gabriel
Pravaz, French physician, 1791-1853]- A hypo-
dermic syringe.

praxinoscope (praks-in' -o-skop) [xpa£is, a doing;
crKoirelv, to examine]. A modification of the zoetrope
adapted to the purposes of laryngological instruction.

Pray's test-letters or test. A test for astigmatism,
consisting of capital letters composed of strokes that
run in different directions for each letter.

pre- [prce-]. A prefix signifying before.

preacetabular (pre-as-et-ab'-u-lar) [pre-; acetabu-
lum]. Situated in front of the acetabulum.

preagonal (pre-ag'-on-al). Immediately preceding
the death agony.

prealbuminuric (pre-al-bu-min-u'-rik). Occurring
before the appearance of albuminuria.

preanal (pre-a'-nal) [pre-; anus]. Situated in
front of the anus.

preantiseptic (pre-an-tis-ep'-tik). Pertaining to the
time before the adoption of antisepsis in surgical
practice.

preaortic (pre-a-or'-tik) [pre-; aorta]. Situated in
front of the aorta.

preaseptic (pre-a-sep'-tik) [pre-; asepsis]. Per-
taining to the period before the introduction of
aseptic surgery.

PREATACTIC

711

PREGNANCY

preatactic (pre-ah-tak'-tik). See preataxic.

preataxic (pre-at-aks'-ik) [pre-; ataxia]. Occurring
before ataxia.

preauditory (pre-aw' -dit-or-e) [prce, before; audire,
to hear]. Situated in front of the auditory nerve
or canal.

preauricular (pre-aw-rik'-u-lar) . Situated in front
of the auricle.

preaxal (pre-aks'-al) [prce, before; axis]. Pre-
chordal; placed in front of the axon.

preaxial (pre-aks'-e-al) [pre-; axis]. Situated in
front of the axis of the body or of a limb.

prebacillary (pre-bas'-il-a-re) [pre-; bacillus]. Oc-
curring before the invasion of the system by bacilli.

prebasilar {pre-baz'-il-ar) [prce, before; basis, base].
Situated, or occurring, in front of any basilar struc-
ture, especially, in front of the basilar process of the
occipital bone.

prebrachial (pre-bra'-ke-al) [prce, before; brachium,
arm] . Located on the anterior aspect of the brachium
or upper arm, e. g., the group of prebrachial muscles:
biceps, coraco-brachialis, and brachialis anticus.

prebrachium (pre-bra'-ke-um). See brachium
quadrigeminum superius.

precancerous (pre-kan'-ser-us) [pre-; cancer]. Oc-
curring before the development of a carcinoma.

precapillary (pre-cap'-il-ar-e). An arteriole or
venule.

precardiac (pre-kar'-de-ak) [pre-; KapSla, heart].
Anterior to the heart.

precava (pre-ka'-vah) [prce, before; cavus, hollow].
The superior, or descending vena cava.

precentral (pre-sen'-tral) [pre-; centrum, center].
Situated in front of the central fissure of the brain.
p. convolution, a convolution in front of the central
fissure of the brain; the ascending frontal convolution.

precerebellar (pre-ser-e-bel'-ar) [prce, before; cere-
bellum]. Situated before (above) the cerebellum.

precerebral (pre-ser'-e-bral) [prce, before; cere-
brum]. Situated, or occurring before (above), the
cerebrum.

prechordal (pre-kor'-dal) [prce, before; chorda,
chord, string]. Situated in front of the notochord.

precipitant (pre-sip' -it-ant). Any reagent causing
precipitation.

precipitate (pre-sip' -it-at) [precipitare, from prce,
before; caput, head], i. The solid substance thrown
down from a solution of a substance on the addition
of a reagent which deprives it of its solubility. 2. The
product of the reaction between precipitinogen and
precipitin. 3. To throw down in an insoluble form.
4. Headlong; hasty, p. labor. See labor, precipitate.
p., red, hydrargyrum oxidum rubrum. See mercury
oxide, red. p., white, N2(Hg2)3Cl2, hydrargyrum am-
moniatum. See mercury, ammoniated.

precipitation (pre-sip-it-a'-shun) [precipitate]. The
process of throwing down solids from the liquids
which hold them in solution. Precipitates are crys-
talline, amorphous, curdy, flocculent, granular, or
gelatinous, according to the form assumed.

precipitin (pre-sip' -it-in). A body produced in
the blood-plasma of animals by repeated injections
of bacterial filtrates or foreign organic substances
(serum, milk, etc.) and causing a precipitation of
the bacteria or foreign substance used in the prepara-
tion.

precipitinogen (pre-sip-it-in'-o-jen) . Any substance
capable of causing the production of a specific
precipitin.

precipitinoid (pre-sip' -it-in-oid) . An inactive pre-
cipitin modified by heating to 6o° C.

preclavicular (pre-kla-vik'-u-lar). Ventrad of the
clavicle.

preclival (pre-kli'-val). In front of the clivus of
the cerebellum.

precocity (pre-kos'-il-e) [prce, before; coquere, to
ripen]. Early development or maturity. It is
applied especially to great development of the
mental faculties at an early age.

precommissure (pre-kom'-is-ur) [prce, before; com-
missura, commissure]. The anterior commissure of
the brain.

preconvulsant (pre-kon-vul'-sant). Relating to
the stage of a disease preceding convulsions.

precordia (pre-kor'-de-ah) [pre-; cor, the heart].
1. A name applied by the ancients to the diaphragm,
the thoracic viscera, or the epigastric region. 2. The
area of the chest overlying the heart.

precordial (pre-kor'-de-al) [precordia]. Pertaining
to the precordia.

precordialgia (pre-kor-de-al'-je-ah) [prce, before;
cor, heart; 0X705, pain]. Pain in the precordial
region.

precordium (pre-kor'-de-um) . Syn., precordia.

precornu (pre-kor'-nu) [pre-; cornu, a horn].
Anterior horn of lateral ventricle of the brain.

precribrum (pre-krib'-rum) [prce, before; cribrum,
sieve]. The anterior perforated space of the brain.

precuneal (pre-ku'-ne-al) [prce, before; cuneus,
wedge]. Situated in front of the cuneus; specifically,
pertaining to the precuneus.

precuneate (pre-ku'-ne-at). See precuneal.

precuneus (pre-ku'-ne-us) [pre-; cuneus, a wedge].
The quadrate lobule of the parietal lobe situated in
front of the cuneus of the occipital lobe.

prediastolic (pre-di-as-tol'-ik) [pre-; diastole].
Occurring before the diastole.

predicrotic (pre-di-krot'-ik) . Preceding the dicrotic
wave or elevation of the sphygmographic tracing.

predigested (pre-dij-es'-ted) [prce, before; digerere,
to digest]. Partly digested by artificial means before
being taken into the stomach, p. foods, foods that
have been prepared by a process of artificial digestion
through the agency of various ferments.

predigestion (pre-di-jes'-chun) [prce, before; digerere,
to digest]. The partial digestion of food before it is
eaten.

predisposing (pre-dis-po'-zing) [see predisposition].
Rendering susceptible or liable to attack.

predisposition (pre-dis-po-zish'-un) [pre-; dis-
ponere, to dispose]. The state of having a sus-
ceptibility to disease.

predormition (pre-dor-mish'-un) [prce, before;
dormition]. Applied to the stage of unconsciousness
immediately preceding actual sleep.

preepiglottic (pre-ep-i-glot'-ik). Ventrad of the
epiglottis. _

preemptive (pre-e-rup'-tiv). Preceding eruption.

prefontanel (pre-f on-tan-el') [prce, before; fon-
tanel]. The anterior fontanel.

preforceps (pre-f or' -ceps) [prce, before; forceps].
Those hooked or curved anterior fibers of the cal-
losum that reach cephalad into the frontal lobe.

prefrontal (pre-fron'-tal) [pre-; frons, forehead].
1. Situated in the anterior part of the frontal lobe
of the brain. 2. The middle part of the ethmoid.

pregeminal (pre-jem'-in-al) [prce, before; geminus,
twin]. Relating to the anterior pair of the corpora
quadrigemina.

pregeminum (pre-jem'-in-um) [pre-; geminus,
twin]. The anterior pair of the corpora quadri-
gemina, considered as forming a single organ.

pregeniculatum, pregeniculum (pre-jen-ik-u-la'-
tum, pre-jen-ik'-u-lum) [pre-; geniculatum, genicu-
late]. The external geniculate body.

preglobulin (pre-glob'-u-lin) [pre-; globulin]. An
albuminous body found in cell-protoplasm, insoluble
in water, soluble in a 10 % sodium chloride solution
and in dilute alkaline solution.

pregnancy (preg'-nan-se) [prcegnans, from prce.,
before; gignere, to beget]. The state of being preg-
nant, or with child; the state of the woman from
conception to the expulsion of the ovum. The nor-
mal duration of pregnancy is 280 days, or 10 lunar
months, or 9 calendar months, p., abdominal, one
in which the fetus lies in the abdominal cavity.
p., cornual, that occurring in one of the horns of a
two-horned uterus, p., extrauterine, ectopic gesta-
tion; the development of the ovum outside of the
cavity of the uterus, p., false, any condition in
the abdomen that simulates pregnancy, p., hydatid,
pregnancy with the formation of a hydatid mole.
p., interstitial, pregnancy occurring in the part of
the tube that traverses the uterine wall, p., intra-
mural, interstitial pregnancy, p., mesenteric, tubo-
ligamentary pregnancy, p., molar, pregnancy in
which the ovum is converted into a mole, p.,
multiple, that form in which the uterus contains two
or more developing ova. p., mural, a variety of
extrauterine pregnancy in which the ovum develops
in the wall of the uterus, p., ovarian, pregnancy
occurring in the ovary, p., parietal, interstitial
pregnancy, p., phantom, in hysteria, abdominal
enlargement simulating pregnancy, p., sarcofetal,
that in which both a fetus and a mole are present.
p., sarcohysterical, false pregnancy due to a mole.
p., signs of, those clinical manifestations by which
the existence of pregnancy may be demonstrated.
There are three so-called absolute signs: ballotte-
ment, fetal movements, and the fetal heart-sounds.

PREGNANCY

712

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PREGNANT

713

PRESCAPULARIS

p., tubal, pregnancy which takes place within the
Fallopian tube, p., tuboabdominal, that in which
the ovum is developed in the ampulla and extends
into the abdominal cavity, p., tuboligamentary,
that in which there is secondary invasion of the
broad ligament and subperitoneal tissues, p.,
tuboovarian, that in which the ovum is attached to
the oviduct and ovary, p., tubouterine. Same as
p., interstitial, p., uteroabdominal, that in which
there is one fetus in the uterus and another in the
abdominal cavity, p., uteroovarian, that in which
there is one fetus in the uterus and another in the
ovary, p., uterotubal, that in which one fetus is
in the uterus and another in the oviduct.

pregnant (preg'-nant) [see pregnancy]. With
child; gravid.

prehemiplegic (pre-hem-i-ple'-jik) [pre-; hemi-
plegia]. Occurring before an attack of hemiplegia,
as prehemiplegic chorea.

prehensile (pre-hen'-siT) [see prehension]. Adapted
for grasping.

prehension (pre-hen'-shun) [prehendere, to lay
hold of]. The act of grasping or seizing.

prehypophysis (pre-hi-poff'-is-is) [prce, before;
hypophysis]. The anterior and larger portion of the
hypophysis, derived from the enteron.

preinsula (pre-in'-su-lah) [prce, before; insula].
The cephalic region of the insula.

prelacrymal (pre-lak'-rim-al) [prce, before; lacryma,
tear]. Situated in front of the lacrymal bone, or
gland, or sac.

prelimbic (pre-lim'-bik) [pre-; limbus, a border;
a band]. Lying in front of a limbus. p. fissure,
the anterior portion of the callosomarginal fissure.

prelum (pre'-lum) [L.]. A press, p. abdominale,
the squeezing of the abdominal viscera between the
diaphragm and the rigid abdominal wall, as in the
processes of defecation, micturition, and parturition.
p. arteriale, a tourniquet.

prelumbar (pre-lum'-bar) [prce, before; lumbus,
loin]. Anterior to the lumbar vertebrae or the
loins. ,

premalignant (pre-mal-ig'-nant). Occurring before
the development of malignancy.

premaniacal (pre-ma-ni'-ak-al) [prce, before; navla,
mania]. Previous to insanity, or to an attack of
mania.

premature (pre'-ma-licr) [pre-; maturare, to ripen].
Occurring before the proper time, as premature labor.

premaxilla (pre-maks-il'-ah). The intermaxillary
bone.

premaxillary (pre-maks'-il-a-re). In front of the
maxilla, p. bone, the incisive or intermaxillary
bone.

premenstrual (pre-men' -stroo-aV) . Preceding men-
struation.

premolar (pre-tno'-lar) [pre-; molar], i. Situated
in front of the molar teeth. 2. One of the two
bicuspid teeth. 3. A molar tooth of the temporary
set.

premonitory (pre-mon'-it-o-re) [pre-; monere, to
warn]. Forewarning; foreboding, as premonitory
symptoms, those which forebode the onset of an
attack of a disease.

prenaris (pre-na'-ris) [prce, before; naris, nostril;
pi., prenares]. The anterior naris.

prenasal (pre-na'-zal) [prce, before; nasus, nose].
In front of the nose or nasal passages.

prenatal {pre-na'-tal) [pre-; natus, born]. Ex-
isting or occurring before birth.

preoblongata (pre-ob-lon-gah'-tah). The cephalic
portion of the oblongata; situated mainly between
the pons and the fourth ventricle.

preoccipital (pre-ok-sip'-it-al) [prce, before; occiput].
Situated anterior to the occipital region, p. fissure,
a fissure on the ventral, lateral surface of the cerebrum
separating the occipital and sphenotemporal lobes.
p. notch, a notch indicating the division between the
occipital and temporal lobes of the brain.

preoccupation (pre-ok-u-pa'-shun). The condition
of being so engrossed in one's own thoughts as not
to answer or hear when accosted.

preoperculum, praeoperculum (pre-o-per'-ku-lum)
[prce, before; operculum, a lid: pi., preopercula].
The frontal operculum of the brain, between the
presylvian and subsylvian fissures.

preoptic (pre-op'-tik). Anterior to the optic lobes;
pregeminal.

preopticus (pre-op'-tik-us) [prce, before; 6$, sight].
The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies.

preoral (pre-o'-ral) [prce, before; os, oris, mouth]-
Situated in front of the mouth; prebuccal.

preovarian (pre-o-va'-re-an). Situated in front of
the ovary.

prepalatal (pre-pal'-at-al) [prce, before; palatum,
palate]. Situated in front, or in the anterior part,
of the palate.

preparation (prep-ar-a'-shun) [prceparare, to make
ready]. 1. The act of making ready. 2. Anything
made ready, especially, in anatomy, any part of
the body prepared or preserved for illustrative or
other uses. 3. In pharmacy, any compound or
mixture made after a formula.

preparative (pre-par'-at-iv). An immune body;
amboceptor, q. v.

preparator (prep'-ar-a-tor). An immune body;
amboceptor.

prepatellar (pre-pat-el'-ar) [pre-; patella]. Situ-
ated in front of the patella, as prepatellar bursa.

prepeduncle {pre-pe'-dung-kl) [prce, before; pe-
dunculus, peduncle]. The anterior of the cerebellar
peduncles.

preperforatus (pre-per-for-a'-tus) [prce, before;
perforare, to perforate]. The anterior perforated
space.

preperitoneal. See preperitoneal.

prephthisis (pre-ti'-sis, pre-te'-sis) [prce, before;
phthisis]. The pretuberculous state. The predis-
position to tuberculosis.

prepituitary (pre-pit-ii'-it-a-re) [prce, before; pitui-
tary]. Situated in front of the pituitary body.

preplacental (pre-plas-en'-tal) [prce, before; pla-
centa]. Previous to the formation of the placenta.

prepontile (pre-pon'-tll) [prce, before; pons, a bridge].
Situated in front of or above the pons Varolii.

prepotency {pre-po'-ten-se) [prce, before; posse,
to be powerful]. In biology, dominant "force of
heredity." The power that one parent may have
of impressing his or her own character upon the
offspring, the peculiar characters of the other parent
being less obviously transmitted.

prepotent (pre-po'-tent) [prce, before; posse, to be
able]. Having a marked tendency to transmit
individual characters to offspring.

prepuberal (pre-pu'-ber-al). Prior to puberty.

prepuce (pre'-pils) [prceputium, prepuce]. The
foreskin of the penis, a fold of skin lined by mucous
membrane and covering the glans penis.

preputial (pre-pu'-she-al) [prepuce]. Pertaining to
the prepuce.

prepyloric (pre-pi-lor'-ik) [prce, before; pylorus].
Placed in front of or preceding the pylorus.

prepyramid (pre-pir'-am-id) [prce, before; pyramis,
pyramid]. One of the anterior (ventral) pyramids
of the oblongata.

preramus (pre-ra'-mus) [prce, before; ramus,
branch]. The vertical (anterior or cephalic) branch
of the stem of the arbor of the cerebellum.

prerectal (pre-rek'-tal) [prce, before; rectum]. Sit-
uated in front of the rectum.

prerenal {pre-re'-naV) [prce, before; ren, kidney].
Situated in front of the kidney.

prereproductive (pre-re-pro-duk'-tiv). Relating to
the period of life preceding puberty.

presbycusis, presbykousis (prez-be-koo'-sis) [vpka-
0vs, old; &Koveu>, to hear]. The lessening of the acute-
ness of hearing that occurs in old age.

presbyonosus (prez-be-on'-o-sus) [irphafivs, old;
v6<Tos, disease]. Any disease peculiar to old age.

presbyope {prez'-be-op) [see presbyopia]. One who
is presbyopic.

presbyophrenia (prez-be-o-fren'-e-ah) [irpkapvs, old;
<f>pr)v, mind]. Senile dementia.

presbyopia (prez-be-o'-pe-ah) [irpkaflvs, old; &\f/,
eye]. The condition of vision in the aged, due to
diminished power of accommodation from impaired
elasticity of the crystalline lens, whereby the near-
point of distinct vision is removed farther from the
eye.

presbyopic (prez-be-op'-ik). Affected with pres-
byopia.

presbyosphacelus (prez-be-o-sfas'-el-us) [irpka^vs,
old; a<t>cLKe\os, gangrene]. Senile gangrene.

presbytia (prez-bish'-e-ah). Synonym of presby-
opia.

presbytic (prez-bit'-ik) . Suffering from | pres-
byopia.

presbytism (prez'-bit-izm). Presbyopia.

prescapularis (pre-skap-u-la'-ris) [prce, before;
scapula]. The supraspinatus muscle.

PRESCLEROSIS

714

PRIMITIVE

presclerosis (pre-skle-ro'-sis). The vascular con-
dition which precedes arteriosclerosis.

presclerotic (pre-skle-rot'-ik). Preceding the oc-
currence of sclerosis.

prescription (pre-skrip'-skun) [pre-; scribere, to
write]. A formula written by the physician to the
apothecary, designating the substances to be admin-
istered. A prescription consists of the heading, us-
ually the symbol Ifc (standing for the Latin word
recipe, imperative of recipere, to take) , the names and
quantities of the ingredients, the directions to the
apothecary, the directions to the patient, the date
and the signature.

presenile (pre-se'-nll) [pre-; senilis, age]. Pre-
maturely old.

presenility (pre-sen-il'-it-e). Premature old age.
See progeria.

present (pre-zent') [prcesentare, to place before].
Of a part of the fetus, to appear first at the os uteri.

presentation (pre-zen-ta'-shun) [see present]. In
obstetrics, that part of the fetal body which presents
itself to the examining finger at the os uteri.

preservalin {pre-zerv'-al-in). A mixture of borax
and boric acid used by dairymen.

presphenoid (pre-sfe'-noid). The anterior part of
the body of the sphenoid bone.

presphigmic (pre-sfig'-mik) [prce, before; <r<i>vyn6s,
pulse]. Pertaining to the period preceding the pulse-
wave.

prespinal (pre-spi'-nal) [prce, before; spina, spine].
In anatomy, ventrad of the spine.

presse-artere (pres'-ar-tar) [Fr.]. An instrument
for the compression or temporary occlusion of an
artery.

pressor {pres'-or) [premere, to press], i. Stimu-
lating. 2. A substance found in the infundibular part
of the hypophysis; it produces a rise in blood-pres-
sure. Cf. depressor, p. nerves. Nerves which un-
der stimulation cause the vasomotor centers to react.

pressure (presh'-ur) [premere, to press]. Force,
weight, or tension, p., after, the sense of pressure
that remains for a brief period after the removal of an
object from the surface of the body, p., arterial,
the tension of the blood within the arteries, p., at-
mospheric, the pressure of the atmosphere; it equals
about fifteen pounds to the square inch at sea-level.
p., bipolar, pressure on the two ends of a bone. It is
used in differentiating fractures from contusions, pro-
ducing pain in the case of the former, p., blood, the
pressure of the blood against the walls of the vessels
or of the heart. It is measured by means of the man-
ometer, p., endocardial, the pressure of the blood
within the heart, p., intra-abdominal, the pressure
exerted upon the parietes by the abdominal viscera.
p., intracranial, the pressure of the contents of the
cranium upon its walls, p., intra-ocular. See ten-
sion, intraocular, p., intrathoracic, the pressure of
the intrathoracic organs upon the walls of the chest,
p.-myelitis, myelitis from pressure on the cord, p.,
negative, the force of suction; also absence of pres-
sure, p.-points or spots, points of marked sensibil-
ity to pressure or weight, arranged like the temper-
ature-spots, and showing a specific end-apparatus
arranged in a punctated manner and connected with
the pressure-sense, p.-pouch. See pouch, p., pulse,
the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood-
pressure, p.-sense, the sense by which knowledge is
obtained of the amount of weight or pressure which
is exerted upon a part of the body. p. sore. See bedsore.

presternum (pre-ster'-num). The manubrium or
superior segment of the sternum.

Preston's salt. Ammonium carbonate.

presuppurative {pre-sup'-u-ra-tiv). Pertaining to
an early stage of inflammation, prior to supporatiun.

presylvian fissure. The anterior branch of the
Sylvian fissure.

presystole (pre-sis'-to-le) [prce, before; systole].
The period of the heart's pause preceding the systole.

presystolic (pre-sis-tol'-ik) [pre-; systole]. Preced-
ing the systole of the heart, as the presystolic murmur,
presystolic thrill.

pretarsal (pre-tar'-sal). Located anterior to the
tarsus.

pretibial (pre-tib'-e-al) [pre-; tibia]. Situated in
front of the tibia.

pretuberculous {pre-tu-ber'-ku-lus) [pre-; tubercu-
losis]. Preceding the development of tuberculosis.

pretympanic (pre-tim-pan'-ik) [prce, before; tym-
panum]. Situated in front of the tympanum or tym-
panic region.

preurethritis ipre-u-re-ihrV-tis). Inflammation of
the vestibule of the vagina, around the urethral
orifice.

preventive (pre-ven'-tiv) [prcevenire, to anticipate;
to prevent]. Warding off. p. medicine, the depart-
ment of medicine dealing with the means and methods
of preventing disease.

prevermis (pre-ver'-mis) [prce, before; vermis, worm].
The superior vermiform process of the cerebellum.

prevertebral (pre-ver'-te-bral) [pre-; vertebra]. Sit-
uated in front of the vertebra.

prevertiginous (pre-ver-tij'-in-us) [pre-; vertigo].
Dizzy, with a tendency to fall prone.

prevesical (pre-ves'-ik-al) [prce, before; vesica, blad-
der]. Situated in front of the bladder.

Prevost's symptom (pra-vo') [Jean Louis Prevost,
Swiss physician, 1838- ]. Conjugate deviation
of the eyes and head, which look away from the pal-
sied extremities and toward the affected hemisphere;
it is noted in cerebral hemorrhage.

Preyer's test for carbon monoxide in the blood.
Warm three or four drops of the suspected blood for
five minutes at 300 C. with 10 Cc. of water and 5 Cc.
of potassium cyanide solution (1 : 2). The spectrum
of normal blood, when so treated, loses the absorption
line of oxyhemoglobin and in its place shows a broad
absorption band, while the spectrum of carbon mon-
oxide blood remains unchanged.

prezygapophysis (pre-zi-gap-off'-is-is) [prce, before;
tvyov, yoke; &ir6<f>vais, process]. An anterior or su-
perior zygapophysis; a superior oblique, or articular
process of a vertebra.

priapism (pri'-ap-izm) [Uplairos, the god of pro-
creation]. Persistent erection of the penis, usually
unaccompanied by sexual desire. It is caused by
injuries to t'he spinal cord or to the penis, and by
vesical calculus.

priapitis (pri-ap-i'-tis). Inflammation of the penis.

prickle-cell. A cell possessing delicate rod-shaped
processes by which it is connected with neighboring
cells.

prickle-layer. The lowest stratum of the epider-
mis. It is formed of prickle-cells.

prickly heat. See miliaria.

Priessnitz bandage (prees'-nits) [Vincenz Priess-
nitz, German "healer," 1799-1851]. A cold wet
compress.

Priestley's mass (prest'-le) [Joseph Priestley, Eng-
lish clergyman and scientist, 1733-1804]. A green
or greenish-brown deposit sometimes seen, especially
in young individuals, on the upper and lower incisor
and canine teeth; it is due to a growth of chromogenic
fungi in Nasmyth's membrane.

prims viae (pri'-me vi'-e) [L., "The primary pas-
sages"]. The alimentary canal, the lacteals being
"the secondary passages."

primary (pri'-ma-re) [primus, first]. First in time
or in importance, p. amputation, one that is done
before the development of inflammation, usually
within the first 24 hours, p. anesthesia, the transient
anesthesia from a small amount of the anesthetic.
p. bubo, a simple adenitis of an inguinal lymphatic
gland, resulting from mechanical irritation. Syn.,
bubon d'emblee. p. dementia, a form of insanity oc-
curring in young adults, and characterized by an ex-
treme degree of apathy, the patient lying motionless,
absolutely listless, without wants, and seemingly
without preception of his surroundings, p. lesion,
the original lesion which forms the starting-point for
secondary lesions, p. sore, the initial sclerosis or
chancre of syphilis.

primigravida (pri-me-grav'-id-ah) [primus, first;
gravidus, pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the first
time.

primipara {pri-mip'-ar-ah) [primus, first; par ere, to
bear]. A woman bearing or giving birth to her first
child.

primiparity (pri-mip-ar'-it-e) [primus, first; par ere,
to bear]. The condition of being a primipara.

primiparous (pri-mip' '-ar-us) [primipara]. Preg-
nant or in labor for the first time.

primisteraal, primisternalis {pri-me-ster'-nal, pri-
me-ster-na'-lis). Relating to the manubrium of the
sternum.

primitiae (pri-mish'-e-e) [primus, first]. The part
of the liquor amnii discharged before the extrusion
of the fetus at birth.

primitive (prim'-it-iv) [primus, first]. First-form-
ed; original, p. groove, the enlargement and deepen-
ing of the primitive streak, p. streak, p. trace, a

PRIMORDIAL

715

PROCESS

streak appearing at the end of the germinal disc, and
indicating the first trace of the embryo.

primordial (pri-mor'-de-al) [primus, first; ordiri, to
rise]. Existing in the beginning; first-formed; prim-
itive; original; of the simplest character, p. kidney,
the Wolffian body. p. ova, cells lying among the
germ-epithelium of the surface of the embryonic
ovary.

primordium {pri-mor' -de-um) . An organ or struc-
ture in its earliest state.

Primula {prim'-u-lah) [primus, first]. Primrose, a
genus of the Primulacece. Many species contain sap-
onin and other bitter principles and salicylates. P.
obconica is a well-known irritant poison, the symptoms
resembling those of saponin poisoning, and is used in
the treatment of skin diseases.

princeps {prin'-seps) [L., "a leader"]. First; orig-
inal, p. cervicis, a branch of the occipital artery sup-
plying the trapezius muscle, p. pollicis, a branch of
the radial artery going to the palmar surface of the
thumb.

principle (prin'-sipT) [principium, from princeps],
A constituent of a compound having a definite com-
position and representing its essential or character
istic properties, p., proximate. See proximate prin-
ciple, p., ultimate, any one of the elements which a
compound body contains.

prinos (pri'-nos) [L.]. Black alder, a shrub of the
order Aquifoliacece. The bark and the berries of P.
verticillaius have been employed as tonics and as-
tringents in diarrhea, and locally as an application to
ulcers. Dose §-i dr. (2-4 Cc); of a decoction 1-2
oz. (32-64 Cc).

prism (prizm) [irpivna, from irpLfav, to saw]. A
solid whose bases or ends are similar plane figures and
whose sides are parallelograms. In optics, a trans-
parent solid with triangular ends and two converg-
ing sides. It breaks up white light into its component
colors, and bends the rays of light toward the side op-
posite the angle (the base of the prism) , and is used to
measure or correct imbalance of the ocular muscles.
p.-diopter, p.-dioptry, a unit of prismatic refractive
power; the refractive power of a prism that deflects a
ray of light one centimeter on a tangent plane sit-
uated at a distance of one meter, p., enamel-, one of
the prismatic columns of from four to six sides com-
posing the enamel of teeth, closely packed together
and generally vertical to the surface of the under-
lying dentin, p., Nicol's. See Nicol's prism, p.-
optometer, an instrument for prismatic testing of the
refraction of the eye. p.-verger, an instrument used
in the measurement and enlargement of the fusion
power of the eyes.

prismatic (priz-mat'-ik) [prism]. Prism-shaped;
produced by the action of a prism, as prismatic colors.

prismoid (priz'-moid) [irpl<ry.a, prism; elSos, like].
Resembling a prism.

prismoptometer (priz-mop-tom'-et-er) [prism; &\f/,
eye; p.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for estima-
ting refractive defects of the eye by means of two
prisms placed base to base.

prismosphere {priz' -mo-sfer) . A combination of a
prism and a globular lens.

privates (pri'-vets) [privatus, private]. A common
term for the genital organs.

p. r. n. Abbreviation of Latin pro re nata, accord-
ing as circumstances may require.

pro- [L.]. A prefix meaning for, before, in front of.

proagglutinoid {pro-ag-loo' -tin-oid) . An agglutin-
oid having a stronger affinity for the agglutinogen
than is possessed by the agglutinin.

proal {pro'-al) [pro]. Having a forward direction
or movement. Cf. palinal and propalinal.

proamnion {pro-am' -ne-on) [pro-; amnion]. That
part of the area embryonalis at the sides and in front
of the head of the developing embryo, which remains
without mesoderm for a considerable period.

proatlas (pro-at'-las) [pro-; atlas, the first cervical
vertebra]. A primitive or rudimentary atlas.

probable duration of life. The time, considering
all circumstances, that a person of a given age may
expect to live, as determined by statistics. The age
at which any number of children born into the world
will be reduced to one-half, so that there are equal
chances of their dying before and after that age.
The age at which a given population is reduced by
one-half its number.

probang {pro' -bang) [probare, to test]. A rod of
whalebone or other flexible material used for making
local applications to the esophagus or larynx or for

removing foreign bodies, p., ball-, a probang having
an ivory bulb attached to one end. p., bristle-, p.,
horsehair-, one having on the end a sheath of bristles
or horsehair that can be made to spread like an um-
brella as the instrument is drawn out. p., sponge-,
one provided with a small sponge at one end.

probe {prob) [probare, to test]. A slender, flex-
ible rod for exploring a channel, p., Anel's, see under
Anel. p., blunt, one with a blunt extremity, p.,
Bowman's, see under Bowman, p., drum-, one pro-
vided with a drum or reverberator to enable the ear
to detect contact with foreign bodies, p., electric, one
having two insulated wires, so that contact with a
bullet or metal completes the circuit, and thus in-
dicates the presence of such a foreign body, p.,
eyed, a probe having a slit at one end through which a
tape or ligature can be passed, p., lacrimal, one used
for dilating the lacrimal passages, p., meerschaum,
a probe, the end of which is tipped with meerschaum,
wihch becomes streaked with the lead by contact
with a bullet. p., Nelaton's, see under Nelaton.
p., vertebrated, one made of small links so jointed to-
gether that it is very flexible.

probilin {pro-bi'-lin). Trade name of a prepara-
tion of salicylic acid, sodium oleate, sodium stearate,
phenolphthalein, and camphorated menthol; said to
be a cholagogue.

procatarctic {pro-kat-ark' -tik) [irpoKarapxeLv, to be-
gin first]. Primary, predisposing.

procatarxis {pro-kat-arks' -is) . The kindling of a
disease into action by a procatarctic cause.

procelia, procoelia {peo-se' -le-ah) [pro-; Koihla,
hollow]. Same as paracelia.

procelous, procoelous {pro-se'-lus) [pro-; koCKos,
hollow]. Being concave in front and convex behind.

procephalic {pro-sef-al'-ik [pro-; K&j>a\ri, head].
In biology, of or pertaining to the fore part of the
head.

procerus {pro-se'-rus) [procerus, stretched out, long].
The pyramidalis muscle; see muscles, table of.

process {pros'es) [processus, from procedere, to go].

1. A course of action; a group of phenomena, as the
inflammatory process. 2. A prominence or outgrowth,
as the spinous process of a vertebra, the axis-cylinder
process of a nerve. 3- In chemistry, a method of pro-
cedure, reaction, test, p., acromion, same as acrom-
ion, p., alveolar. See alveolar process, p., ancon-
eal, the olecranon, p., auditory, the curved plate of
bone surrounding the external auditory meatus for
the greater part of its circumference, and serving for
the attachment of the cartilage of the external ear.
p., axis-cylinder, that process of a nerve-cell which
becomes the axis-cylindar of a nerve, p., basilar.
See basilar process, p., caudate. 1. The caudate
lobe of the liver. 2. The lower end of one of the div-
isions of the antihelix of the external ear. p., ciliary.
See ciliary process, processes, clinoid, projections
on the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.
There are three: 1. The anterior, formed by the inner
extremity of the lesser wings. 2. The middle, a small
eminence on each side bounding the sella turcica
anteriorly. 3. The posterior, a tubercle on each side
of the posterior part of the sella turcica, p. condy-?
loid, the posterior process on the upper border of the
ramus of the lower jaw. p., conoid. See conoid
tubercle. p., coracoid. See coracoid process. p.,
coronoid. 1. A thin, flattened process projecting
from the anterior portion of the upper border of the
ramus of the lower jaw, and serving for the attach-
ment of the temporal muscle. 2. A triangular pro-
jection from the upper end of the ulna, forming the
lower part of the greater sigmoid cavity, p., cricoid,
a slight projection on the lower border of the thyroid
cartilage. p., cubital, the lower and atricular end
of the humerus, p., cuneiform. 1. The unciform
process of the ethmoid. 2. The basilar process of the
occipital bone, p., Deiters', the axis-cylinder pro-
cess of a nerve-cell, p., dendritic. See p., protoplas-
mic (1). p., dentate, the odontoid process, p., en-
siform, the cartilaginous tip at the lower end of the
sternum, p., ethmoid, one of the projections from
the superior border of the inferior turbinate bone.
p., external angular, the projection on the outer ex-
tremity of the supraorbital arch of the frontal bone.
p., falciform. 1. A process of the fascia lata of the
thigh, forming the outer and upper margin of the
saphenous opening. Syn., falciform process of Burns.

2. The falx cerebri, p., foliaceous, a process of the
ethmoid bone projecting into the frontal cells, p.,
Folian. See Folian process, p., funicular. See fun-

PROCESS

716

PROCHROMATIN

icular. p., hamate. See p., unciform, p., hamular.
i. A hook-like process of bone on the lower extremity
of the internal pterygoid plate, around which the
tendon of the tensor palati turns. 2. Of the lacrimal
bone, the hook-like termination of the lacrimal crest.
p., inferior vermiform, the central projection on the
lower surface of the cerebellum, between the two hem-
ispheres, p., internal angular, the inner extremity of
the supraorbital arch of the frontal bone, p., jugal.
1. The zygoma. 2. The external angular process. 3.
The malar process of the superior maxilla, p., jugular.
See jugular process, p., lacrimal, a short process of
the inferior turbinate bone that articulates with the
lacrimal bone, p., lenticular, the extremity of the
long process of the incus, covered with cartilage and
articulating with the stapes, p., long (of the incus),
a slender process that descends vertically from the
body of the incus and articulates, by the lenticular
process, with the head of the stapes, p., long (of the
malleus), a long, delicate process that passes from the
neck of the malleus outward to the Glaserian fissure,
to which it is connected by cartilaginous and liga-
mentous fibers, p., malar, a triangular eminence of
the superior maxilla by which it articulates with the
malar bone, p., mammillary, one of the tubercles
on the posterior part of the superior articular proces-
ses of the lumbar vertebra?, p., mastoid. See mas-
toid process, p., maxillary, a thin plate of bone des-
cending from the ethmoid process of the inferior
turbinate bone, and hooking over the lower edge of
the orifice of the antrum, p., nasal (of the superior
maxilla), a thick, triangular process of bone that pro-
jects upward, inward, and backward by the side of
the nose, forming a part of its lateral wall, p., odon-
toid, the tooth-like process of the axis which ascends
and articulates with the atlas, p., olecranon, the
olecranon, p., olivary, a small oval eminence sit-
uated behind the optic groove of the sphenoid bone.
p., orbicular (of the incus). See p., lenticular, p.,
orbital (of the palate bone), a process directed upward
and outward from the upper portion of the palate
bone, p., orbital (of the superior maxilla), a process
projecting from the orbital margin of the superior
maxilla. p., palatal, a thick process projecting
horizontally inward from the inner surface of
the superior maxillary bone, and forming part of
the floor of the nostril and the roof of the mouth.
p., pineal, the epiphysis, p., postglenoid, a small
tubercle separating the glenoid fossa from the aud-
itory process, p., protoplasmic. 1. Any one of the
processes of nerve-cells that are not continued as
axis-cylinders. 2. A pseudopod of an ameboid cell.
p., pterygoid (of the palate bone), a pyramidal pro-
cess projecting from the posterior border of the pal-
ate bone and articulating with the sphenoid bone.
p., pterygoid (of the sphenoid bone), one descending
perpendicularly from the point of junction of the body,
with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and con-
sisting of an external and an internal plate. ' p. of
Rau. Synonym of p., long (of the malleus), p.,
short (of the incus), a conical process projecting almost
horizontally backward from the body of the incus
and attached by ligamentous fibers to the margin of
the opening leading into the mastoid cells, p., short
(of the malleus), a slight projection from the root of
the manubrium of the malleus, lying in contact with
the tympanic membrane, p., sphenoid, a thin plate
of bone directed upward and inward from the vertical
plate of the palate bone, p., sphenomaxillary, an
inconstant downward prolongation of the greater
wing of the sphenoid, p., spinous (of the ilium),
a prominent eminence on the anterior or posterior
border of the ilium. The upper process on the an-
terior border is the anterior superior spinous process;
below it is the anterior inferior spinous process. On
the posterior border there are also two processes — a
posterior superior and a posterior inferior, p., spinous
(of the sphenoid bone), a rough prominence descend-
ing from the posterior part of the greater wing of the
sphenoid bone. It receives the attachment of the
internal lateral ligament of the jaw and the tensor
palati muscle, p., spinous (of the tibia), an eminence
of bone on the upper surface of the tibia, between the
two articular surfaces, and nearer to the posterior
than the anterior border, p., spinous (of a vertebra),
the prominent backward projection from the middle
of the posterior portion of the arch of a vertebra.
p., styloid (of the fibula), a pointed eminence pro-
jecting upward from the posterior portion of the head
of the fibula, p., styloid (of the radius), a projection

from the external border of the lower extremity of
the radius, p., styloid (of the temporal bone), a
sharp spine about an inch in length, descending down-
ward, forward, and inward from the inferior surface
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, p.,
styloid (of the ulna), a projection from the inner and
posterior portion of the lower extremity of the ulna.
p., sulcate, an inconstant process of the palate bone
connecting the orbital process with the sphenoid
process, p., superior maxillary, an eminence on the
face of the embryo which gives rise to the superior
maxilla and the malar bone, p., superior vermiform,
the upper part of the median lobe of the cerebellum,
connecting the two lateral hemispheres, p., temporal,
the posterior angle of the malar bone by which it at-
ticulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal
bone, p., transverse, a process projecting outward
from the side of a vertebra, at the junction of the
pedicle and the lamina, p., trochlear, Hyrtl's name
for a groove in a bone for the reception of a tendon.
p., unbranched. Synonym of p., axis-cylinder, p.,
unciform (of the ethmoid bone), a hook-like pro-
jection from the inferior portion of each lateral mass
of the ethmoid bone. It articulates with the ethmoid
process of the inferior turbinated bone. p. unciform
(of the hippocampal gyrus), a hook-like projection
from the anterior end of the hippocampal convolu-
tion, p., unciform (of the unciform bone), a hook-
like projection from the palmar surface of the unci-
form bone, p., vaginal (of peritoneum), the process
of peritoneum which the testicle in ^ts descent carries
in advance, and which in the scrotum forms the
tunica vaginalis testis, p., vaginal (of the sphenoid
bone), a projection from the inferior surface of the
body of the sphenoid bone, running horizontally
inward from near the base of the pterygoid process.
p., vaginal (of the temporal bone), a sheath-like plate
of bone which extends from the carotid canal to the
mastoid process. It separates behind into two lam-
ina? that inclose the styloid process, p., vermiform,
inferior and superior, the inferior and superior sur-
faces of the middle lobe of the cerebellum, p., vocal,
the anterior angle of the arytenoid cartilage, p.,
xiphoid, the ensiform cartilage, p., zygomatic (of the
malar bone), a long, serrated process which articu-
lates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone,
p., zygomatic (of the temporal bone), a long pro-
jection from the lower part of the squamous portion
of the temporal bone, articulating with the malar
bone.

processus (pro-ses'-us) [L.]. A process, p. ac-
cessorius, accessory processes, p. ad cerebrum, the
superior cerebellar peduncle, p. ad medullam, the
inferior peduncle of the cerebellum, p. ad pontem,
the middle peduncle of the cerebellum, p. ad testes,
the superior cerebellar peduncles. p. articulares
inferiores, inferior articular processes, p. articulares
superiores, superior articular processes, p. brevis,
the short arm of the malleus, p. clavatus, a thick-
ening on the posterior pyramid of the me dulla near the
apex of the fourth ventricle, p. cochleariformis, a
thin plate of bone separating the canal for the Eu-
stachian tube from that for the tensor tympani mus-
cle, p. e cerebello ad cerebrum, the superior cere-
bellar peduncle, p. e cerebello ad medullam, the
inferior cerebellar peduncle, p. e cerebello ad pon-
tem, the middle cerebellar peduncle, p. e cerebello
ad testes, the superior peduncles of the cerebellum.
p. costarius, costal process, p. gracilis, a long del-
icate process passing from below the neck of the mal-
leus to the Glaserian fissure, p. hamatus. Synonym
of process, unciform, p. mammillaris, mamillary
process, p. spinosus, spinous process, p. trans-
versus, transverse process.

prochilon, procheilon (pro-ki'-lon) [pro-; x«^°s.
lip]. The prominence in the center of the lip.

prochondral (pro-kon'-dral) [pro-; xovSpos, cartilage].
Prior to the formation of cartilage.

prochordal (pro-kor'-dal) [pro-; xopSy, cord]. Sit-
uated in front of the chorda dorsalis.

prochoresis (pro-ko-re'-sis) [irpox^pwis, a going on
or advancing]. The motor activity of the stomach.

Prochownik's diet (pro-kov'-nik) [Ludwig Prochow-
nik, German obstetrician, 1851- ]. A restricted
diet for pregnant women with a narrow pelvis. P.'s
method, resuscitation of an asphyxiated infant by
compression of its chest and suspension with its head
hanging backward.

prochromatin (pro-kro'mat-in). Paranuclein; the
substance composing the nucleolus of a cell.

PROCIDENT

717

PROGENY

procident (pros' -id-ent) [procidens, falling forward].
Affected by prolapsus.

procidentia (pro-se-den'-she-ah) [pro-; cadere, to
fall]. Prolapse.

procreate (pro'-kre-at) . To beget.

procreation (pro-kre-a'-shun) [procreare, to bring
forth]. The act of begetting offspring.

proctagra (prok-ta'-grah) [procto-; ay pa, a seizure].
Sudden pain in the anal region.

proctalgia (prok-tal'-je-ah) [procto-; a\yos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the anus or rectum.

proctatresia (prok-tat-re'-ze-ah) [procto-; atresia].
An imperforate condition of the anus or rectum.

proctectasia, proctectasis (prok-tek-ta'-se-ah, prok-
tek'-tas-is) [procto-; ecrcuns, dilatation]. Dilatation
of the anus or rectum.

proctectomy (prok-tek' -to-me) [procto-; luropi), ex-
cision]. Excision of the anus or rectum.

proctenclisis (prok-ten'-kli-sis [procto-; lv, in;
Kkeleiv, to close]. Stricture of the rectum or anus.

procteurynter (prok-tu-rin'-ter) [procto-; evpvveiv,
to widen]. An instrument for dilating the anus or
rectum.

proctitis (prok-ti'-tis) [procto-; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the anus or rectum.

procto- (prok-to-) [irpoiKrds, anus]. A prefix sig-
nifying relating to the anus or rectum.

proctocele (prok'-to-sel) [procto-; ktjXt), hernia].
The extroversion or prolapse of the mucous coat of
the rectum, p., vaginal, a hernia of the rectum ap-
pearing in the vagina.

proctoclysis (prok-tok' -Ms-is) [procto-; kXwtis, a
washing out]. The slow instillation of a liquid into
the rectum.

proctococcypexy, proctoccypexia (prok-to-kok'-se-
peks-e, prok-to-kok-se-peks'-e-ah) [procto-; coccyx;
ir-htis, a fixing in]. Suturing of the rectum to the
coccyx.

proctocolitis (prok-to-ko-li'-tis). Inflammation of
the rectum and colon.

proctocolonoscopy (prok-to-ko-lon-os'-ko-pe) [procto-,
colon; aiioirtiv, to examine]. Inspection of the inter-
ior of the rectum and lower colon.

proctocystoplasty (prok-to-sis'-to-plas-te) [procto-;
Kiio-ns, bladder; irXaacreiv, to form]. A plastic oper-
ation on the rectum and the bladder for repair of
rectovesical fistula.

proctocystotome (prok-to-sist'-o-tom) [procto-;

wans, bladder; roprj, a cutting]. An instrument
designed expressly for use in proctocystotomy.

proctocystotomy (prok-to-sis-tot'-o-me). Lithot-
omy in which the incision is made through the walls
of the rectum.

proctodeum, proctodeum (prok-to-de'-um) [proc-
to-; oSalos, by the way]. An invagination of the
ectoderm in the embryo that grows inward toward the
cloaca until the ectoderm and endoderm come into
contact; the membrane formed between the two fi-
nally breaks through, the gut then opening exter-
nally. The primitive anus.

proctodynia (prok-to-din'-e-ah) [procto-; 6Svvn, pain].
Pain about the anus or in the rectum.

proctoelytroplasty (prok-to-eV -it-ro-plas-te) [proc-
to-; tkvrpdv, vagina; -KKaaativ, to form]. A plastic
operation on the rectum and the vagina for repair of
a rectovaginal fistula.

proctology (prok-tol'-o-je) [procto-; \6yos, science].
The science of the anatomy, functions, and diseases
of the rectum.

proctoparalysis (prok-to-par-aV -is-is) . Paralysis of
the sphincter muscle of the anus.

proctopexy, proctopexia (prok'-to-peks-e, -e-ah)
[procto-; irrjfc, a fixing in]. The fixation of the rec-
tum to another part by sutures.

proctoplasty (prok'-to-plas-te) [procto-; ir\a<T<reiv, to
form]. Plastic surgery of the anus.

proctoplegia (prok-to-ple'-je-ah). Synonym of proc-
toparalysis.

proctopolypus (prok-to-pol '-ip-us) [procto-; polyp].
A polyp of the rectum.

proctoptoma (prok-top-to'-mah) [procto-; irrvpa, fall].
Prolapse of the rectum.

proctoptosis (prok-top-to'-sis) [procto-; 7T7wis, a
falling]. Prolapse of the rectum. Same as proctop-
toma.

proctorrhaphy (prok-tor'-a-fe) [procto-; f>a<pr}, su-
ture]. Suture of the rectum or anus.

proctorrhea, proctorrhcea (prok-tor-e'-ah) [procto-;
faia, flow]. A discharge of mucus through the anus.

proctoscope (prok'-to-skop) [procto-; aKoirelv, to

examine]. An instrument for inspection of the rec-
tum.

proctoscopy (prok-tos'-ko-pe). Ocular inspection of
the rectum with the aid of special instruments.

proctosigmoidectomy (prok-to-sig-moid-ek' -to-me) .
Excision of the anus and sigmoid flexure.

proctospasm (prok'-to-spazm) [procto-; spasm].
Spasm or tenesmus of the rectum.

proctostenosis (prok-to-sten-o'-sis) [procto-; steno-
sis]. Stricture of the anus or rectum.

proctostomy (prok-tos' -to-me) [procto-; ardpa, a
mouth]. The establishment of an opening into the
rectum.

proctotome (prok'-to-tom) [procto-; roprj, a cutting].
A cutting instrument used in proctotomy.

proctotomy (prok-tot'-o-me) [procto-; ropn, a cut-
ting]. Incision into the rectum, especially for stric-
ture, p., external, the operation of dividing the
rectum and the anus and the tissue lying between the
anus and the tip of the coccyx, p., internal, division
of the parts as in external proctotomy, but without
cutting the sphincters, p., linear, an incision of the
dorsal rectal wall and of all the tissues lying between
the anus and a subcutaneous opening made in front
of the coccyx.

proctotoreusis (prok-to-tor-u'-sis) [procto-; ropevav,
to bore through]. The operation of making an open-
ing into an imperforate anus.

proctovalvotomy (prok-to-val-vot'-o-me) [procto-;
valve; Top-q, a cutting]. Incision of the valves of the
rectum.

procursive (pro-kur'-siv) [pro-; currere, to run].
Running forward, as procursive epilepsy, a form in
which the patient runs during the epileptic attack.

procurvation (pro-kur-va' -shun) [procurvare, to bend
forward]. A forward inclination of the body.

prodigiosan (pro-dij-e-o' -sin) . A red pigment form-
ed by Bacillus prodigiosus.

prodigiosus toxin (pro-dij-e-o' -sus). See Coley's
fluid.

prodromal (pro-dro'-mal) [prodrome]. Precursory;
of the nature of a prodrome.

prodrome (pro'-drom) [irpoSpopos, a running forward]
A forerunner of a disease; a symptom indicating the
approach of a disease.

prodromic (pro-dro'-mik). See prodromal.

product (prod'-ukt) [productive]. Effect; result.
p., addition, a compound resulting from the direct
union of two bodies.

productive (pro-duk'-tiv) [pro-; ducere, to lead].
Forming, especially forming new tissue, as a produc-
tive inflammation.

proeminent (pro-em' -in-ent) [pro-; eminens, prom-
inent]. Projecting, p. vertebra, the seventh cer-
vical vertebra, so called because its spinous process
projects beyond the others.

proencephalus (pro-en-sef -al-us) [pro-; eyicifaXos,
brain]. A monster characterized by a protrusion of
the brain through a fissure in the frontal region.

proenzyme (pro-en' -zim]. The substance which
subsequently becomes an active ferment.

proerythroblast (pro-er'-ith-ro-blast). Same as
hematoblast.

proferment (pro-fer'-ment). Zymogen.

professional (pro-fesh'-un-al) [profiteri, to profess],
i. Pertaining to a profession, especially to the medical
profession; in keeping with medical ethics. 2. Pro-
duced by the practice of a profession, as professional
neurosis (writers' cramp, telegraphers' cramp, etc.).

Profeta's law (pro-fd-tah) [Giuseppe Profeta, Ital-
ian physician]. Healthy born children of syphilitic
parents possess a certain immunity to syphilitic in-
fection.

profiuvium (pro-floo'-ve-um) [profluere, to flow
forth]. A flux or discharge, p. alvi, diarrhea, p.
lactis, excessive flow of milk. p. muliebre. Syn-
onym of leukorrhea. p. sanguinis, hemorrhage, p.
seminis. 1. Synonym of spermatorrhea. 2. Dis-
charge of semen from the vagina after coitus.

profundus (pro-fun' -dus) [L., "deep"]. Deep-seat-
ed; applied to certain muscles and nerves, and in the
feminine, profunda, to certain arteries and veins.
See under artery.

progaster (pro-gas' -ter). Same as archenteron.

progastrin (pro-gas' -tr in). The precursor of the
gastric secretin.

progenitor (pro-jen'-it-or) [progeny]. Ancestor or
forefather.

progeny (prof -en-e) [pro-; gignere, to beget]. Off-
spring; descendants.

PROGERIA

718

PROPENYL

progeria {pro-je'-re-ah) [v-poyepos, premature old
age]. A rare form of senilism, of rapid onset, with
retention of intelligence and without any perceptible
cause, marked by loss of the hair, shriveling of the
nails, and emaciation. Cf. geromorphism.

proglossis (pro-glos'-is) [pro-; yX&oaa., the tongue].
The tip of the tongue.

proglottis (pro-glot'-is) [pro-; yXuaaa, tongue; pi.,
proglottides]. A mature segment of a tape-worm.

prognathic (prog-na'-thik). Synonym of progna-
thous.

prognathism (prog'-na-thizm) [pro-; yvoBos, jaw].
The quality of having a projecting lower jaw, or of
being prognathous, p., alveolo-subnasal, in crani-
ometry, the prognathism measured by the angle
included between the line joining the alveolar and
subnasal points and the alveolo-condylean plane.

prognathous (prog'-na-thus) [pro-; yvaBos, jaw].
Having a projecting lower jaw.

prognosis (prog-no' -sis) [pro-; yvuavs, knowledge].
An opinion or judgment in advance concerning the
duration, course, and termination of a disease, p.
anceps, a doubtful prognosis, p. fausta, a favorable
prognosis, p. infausta, an unfavorable prognosis.
p. quoad vitam, a prognosis as regards life. p. quoad
restitutio ad integrum, a prognosis as regards recovery.

prognostic (prog-nos'-tik) [prognosis]. Pertaining
to prognosis.

prognosticate (prog-nos'-tik-at) [prognosis]. To
give a prognosis.

progression (pro-gresh'-un) [progredi, to advance].
The act of advancing or moving forward, p., back-
ward, a backward walking, a rare symptom of certain
nervous lesions, p., cross-legged, walking with the
legs almost crossing, a condition sometimes observed
in bilateral hip-disease and in cerebral spastic palsy.

progressive (pro-gres'-iv) [see progression]. Grad-
ually extending, p. muscular atrophy, chronic anter-
ior poliomyelitis in which the large ganglion-cells of
the anterior horns are gradually destroyed, which
leads to atrophy of the muscles, p. ossifying myo-
sitis, a chronic inflammation of the muscles, asso-
ciated with a tendency to bony deposits in them', p.
processes, those which continue after the require-
ments of the organism have been satisfied.

proiotia, proiotes (pro-i-o'-she-ah, pro-i-o'-tez) [irpa-
iottjs, earliness]. Sexual precocity.

projectile (pro-jek'-til) [pro-; jacere, to throw].
Throwing forward, p. vomiting, a form sometimes
observed in diseases of the brain, in which the mater-
ial is suddenly projected out of the mouth to some dis-
tance, generally without nausea.

projection (pro-jek'-shun) [see projectile[. i. The
act of throwing forward. 2. A part extending be-
yond the level of the surrounding surface. 3- The
referring of impressions made on the organs of sense
to the position of the object producing them, p.-
systems, the name given to the pathways connecting
the cerebral cortex with the periphery. The first
projection system corresponds to the fibers passing
through the corona radiata; the second, to the tracts
proceeding downward to the gray matter from the
third ventricle to the end of the spinal cord; the third,
to the peripheral nerves.

prolabium (pro-la' -be-um) [pro-; labium, lip]. The
red exposed part of the lip; also, the central promi-
nence of the lip.

prolacto bread (pro-lak'-to). A bread for the use
of diabetics said to contain over 33 % of albuminoids,
17 % of fats and no starches.

prolapse (pro-laps') [prolabi, to slip down]. The
falling forward or downward of a part. p. of the
cord, premature expulsion of the umbilical cord dur-
ing parturition, p., frank, uterine displacement in
which the vagina is inverted and forms a bag hanging
from the vulva, at the bottom of which lies the uterus,
generally retroverted, but otherwise unaltered, p. of
funis. See p. of the cord. p. of the iris, protrusion of
the iris through a corneal wound.

prolepsis (pro-lep'-sis) [pro-; \anfiaveiv, to seize].

1. The return of a paroxysm before the expected time.

2. Prognosis.

proleptic (pro-lep'-tik) [pro-; \ap.fla.vet.v, to seize].
1 . Prognostic . 2 . Returning before the expected time.

proliferate (pro-lif -er-at) [proles, offspring; ferre,
to bear]. To multiply; to generate.

proliferation (pro-lif -er-a' -shun) [proliferate]. The
act of proliferating or multiplying, as proliferation of
cells, p., atrophic, the multiplication of cells in at-
rophic tissues.

proliferative, proliferous (pro-lif -er-a-tiv, pro-lif -
er-us) [proliferate]. Multiplying; characterized by
the formation of new tissues or by cell-proliferation.
p. cyst, a cyst in which the lining epithelium prolifer-
ates and produces projections from the inner surface
of the cyst.

prolific (pro-lif -ik) [proliferate). Fruitful.

proligerous (pro-lif -er-us) [proles, offspring; ger-
ere, to bear]. Germinating; producing offspring, p.
disc. See discus proligerus.

prominence (prom'-in-ens). 1. A projection on the
surface of a part, especially on a bone. 2. The state
of being prominent, p., genital, an accumulation of
cells on the ventral aspect of the embryonic cloaca,
from which the generative organs are developed.
1 prominentia (prom-in-en'-she-ah) [L. : pi., promin-
entias]. A prominence, or projection, p. albicans.
Synonym of corpus albicans, p. encephali. Syno-
nym of corpora quadrigemina. p. laryngea. Syno-
nym of pomum Adami. p. lentiformis. Synonym of
nucleus, lenticular, p. natif ormis. Synonym of nates
of the corpora quadrigemina. prominentias orbiculares
minores. Synonym of the testes of the corpora quad-
rigemina. p. semiovalis. Synonym of olivary body. p.
sphaerica, a cerebral convolution, p. spiralis, a slight
prominence on the outer wall of the cochlear duct,
containing a small capillary vessel, prominentias
testiformes, the testes of the corpora quadrigemina.

promnesia (pro-ne'-se-ah) [pro-; uvqaa, remem-
brance]. The paradoxical sensation of remembering
scenes or events which are occurring for the first '
time.

promontory (prom'-on-to-re) [pro-; mons, a moun-
tain]. A projecting prominence, p. of the sacrum,
p., sacrovertebral, the prominence formed by the
angle between the upper extremity of the sacrum and
the last lumbar vertebra.

pronaeus (pro-ne'-us) [vpbvaios, the first room of a
temple]. The vagina; also, the vestibule of the
vagina.

pronate (pro'-nat) [see pronation]. To place in a
prone position.

pronation (pro-na'-shun) [pronare, to bend forward].
1. The condition of being prone; the act of placing in
the prone position. 2. Of the hand, the turning of
the palm downward.

pronatoflexor (pro-na-to-fleks'-or). Relating to the
pronator and flexor muscles.

pronator (pro-na'-tor) [see pronation]. That which
pronates, a term applied to several muscles. See
under muscle.

prone (pron) [pronus, prone]. Lying with the face
downward; of the arm, having the palm directed
downward; the opposite of supine.

pronephric (pro-nef-rik) [pro-; ve<pp6s, a kidney].
In biology, of or pertaining to the peonephron, or the
primitive kidney, p. duct, one of the four fundamen-
tal parts of the vertebrate urogenital system; the
Wolffian duct.

pronephron, pronephros (pro-nef-ron, pro-nef -ros)
[pro-; ve<pp6s, a kidney]. The primitive kidney; the
anterior of the three segments of the Wolffian body,
opening by means of the Muellerian duct into the
cloaca. It is the first part of the urogenital system
to be differentiated in the vertebrate embryo.

pronucleus (pro-nu'-kle-us) [pro- ; nucleus]. One of
the two nuclear bodies of a newly fecundated ovum,
the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus, the
fusion of which results in the formation of the ger-
minal nucleus.

proof-spirit. See spirit.

prootic (pro-o'-tik) [pro-; o5s, ear]. In front of the
ear.

proovarium. See parovarium.

propago (pro-pa'-go) [L., "a slip or shoot"; pi.,
propagines]. An offset; applied to the smaller
branches of vessels or nerves.

propalinal (pro-pal' -in-al) [pro-; ir&kiv, back, back-
ward]. In biology, applied to the forward and back-
ward movement of the jaws of certain animals.

propane (pro' -pan) [propionic], C3H8. A hydro-
carbon, the third member of the marsh-gas series,
occurring in petroleum.

prop-cells. Columnar or fusiform cells placed in
the intervals of the rods and hair-cells of the organ
of Corti. They are also known as supporting cells
and cells of Deiters.

propedeutics, propaedeutics (pro-pe-du'-tiks) [pro-;
iraibevtiv, to teach]. Preliminary instruction.

propenyl (pro'-pen-il). See glyceryl.

PROPEPSIN

719

PROSTATISM

propepsin {pro-pep' -sin). The zymogen of pepsin,
found in the cells of the gastric glands.

propeptone {pro-pep' -ton). See under peptone.

propeptonuria {pro-pep-ton-u' -re-ah) {propeptone ;
ovpov, urine]. The appearance of propeptone in the
urine. It is said to occur in fevers, diphtheria, os-
teomalacia, and during the administration of styrax
or phosphorus.

preperitoneal {pro-per-it-on-e'-al) [pro-; periton-
eum]. Situated in front of the peritoneum, p. her-
nia, a hernia the sac of which extends in various di-
rections within the abdominal walls.

prophase {pro'-faz) [pro-; <palvet.v, to show]. The
first stage of karyokinesis or indirect cell-division.

prophylactic {pro-fil-ak' -tik) [see prophylaxis], i.
Pertaining to prophylaxis. 2. A remedy or agent
that prevents the development of disease.

prophylactol {pro-fil-ak' -tol) . A proprietary liquid
said to consist of 20% of protargol and glycerol with
the addition of mercury bichloride in the proportion
of one part to 2000. It is used by injection in dis-
eases of the urinary tract.

prophylaxis {pro-fil-aks'-is) [irpo<pv\axro-eiv, to keep
guard before]. Prevention of disease; measures
preventing the development or spread of disease.

propionate {pro' -pe-on-at) . A salt of propionic acid.

propione {pro'-pe-on) [irp&Tos, first; vlu>v, fat],
C5H10O. Diethyl ketone, a liquid obtained by the
distillation of calcium propionate. Dose, as hyp-
notic, 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.); as sedative, 8 gr. (0.5
Gm.).

propionic acid {pro-pe-on'-ik). See acid, propionic.

proplex {pro'-pleks). See proplexus.

proplexus {pro-pleks'-us) [pro-; plexus]. The chor-
oid plexus of the lateral ventricles of the brain.

propons {pro'-ponz). The transverse white fibers
in front of the pyramids and below the pons Varolii,
the ponticulus.

proprietary medicine. A medicine that is trade-
marked, patented, or secret.

proprioceptive impulses {pro'-pre-o-sep-tiv) [pro-
prius, one's own; capere, to take]. Afferent nerve
impulses which derive their stimulation from the
tissues themselves.

proprioceptor {pro-pre-o-sep'-tor) . A receptor

which is stimulated by actions occurring within the
organism. See receptor.

proprius {pro'-pre-us) [L.]. Individual; special,
as flexor proprius pollicis, the special flexor of the
thumb.

proptosis {prop-to' -sis) [pro-; irrwais, a falling].
A falling downward; prolapse.

propulsion {pro-puV -shun) [pro-, pellere, to push].
1. The act of pushing or driving forward. 2. A falling
forward in walking, a condition seen in paralysis
agitans. Seefestination.

propyl {pro'-pil) [propionic], C3H7. The radical of
propane.

propylamine {pro-piV -am-in) [propyl; amine]. 1,
A liquid basic compound having the formula C3H9N,
and existing in two forms, a normal propylamine, boil-
ing at 470 C., and isopropylamine, boiling at 31. 5° C.
See under ptomaine. 2. A misnomer for an aqueous
solution of trimethylamine, a colorless, caustic, an-
tiseptic liquid.

propylene {pro' -pil-en) [propyl], C3H6. A gaseous
hydrocarbon belonging to the series of the olefins.

pro re nata {pro re na'-tah) [L.]. A phrase signify-
ing "according to the circumstances of the case."

prorennin {pro-ren'-in) [pro-; rennin]. The moth-
er-substance, zymogen or preliminary material of
rennin or chymosin.

prorsad {pror'-sad) [prorsum, forward]. Toward
the anterior aspect.

prorsal {pror'-sal) [prorsum, forward]. Anterior;
forward.

proscolex {pro-sko'-leks) [pro-; o-koA^, a worm; pi.,
proscolices]. The embryo of a cestode worm im-
mediately after leaving the egg.

prosecretin {pro-se-kre'-tin) [pro-; secretin]. The
precursor of secretin {q. v.); it is secreted by the
epithelium of the small intestine.

prosector {pro-sek' -tor) [pro-; sector, cutter]. One
who prepares subjects for anatomical dissection or to
illustrate didactic lectures.

prosencephalon {pros-en-sef -al-on) [pro-; £yKe<pa\os,
brain]. The forebrain; that part of the anterior cere-
bral vesicle from which are developed the hemi-
spheres, the corpus callosum, the anterior commis-
sure, the fornix, the septum lucidum, the anterior

perforated space, the olfactory lobes, and the corpus
striatum.

prosocele, prosoccele {pros'-o-sel) [irpoo-u, forward;
ko'lXos, a hollow]. The cavity of the prosencephalon.
It is divided into three main divisions, a mesal cavity,
the aula, and two lateral cavities, the paraceles,
together with the rhinoceles (olfactory ventricles)
or cavities of the olfactory bulbs.

prosodemic {pros-o-demf -ik) [wpovu, forward;
bfip-os, people]. Of a disease which is spread by indi-
vidual contact as opposed to one which is spread by
general means such as the water, or milk supply.

prosogaster {pros-o-gas'-ter) [irpoaa), forward;
yao-Ttip, belly]. The foregut.

prosopalgia {pros-op-aV -je-ah) [irpdaunrov, the face;
a\yos, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the distribution of
the trigeminal nerve.. Syn., facial neuralgia; tic
douloureux.

prosopalgic {pros-o-paV -jik) [irpbawirov, face; ahyos,
pain]. Affected with prosopalgia.

prosopantritis {pros-op-an-tri' -lis) [irpoo-uirov, face;
avrpov, cavity; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the frontal sinuses.

prosopantrum {pros-op-an'-trum) [irpoo-uirov, face;
avrpov, cavity]. A frontal sinus.

prosopectasia {pros-o-pek-ta' -ze-ah) [irpwrwirov, face;
iKTaau, enlargement]. Morbid enlargement of the
face.

prosopic {pros-op'-ik) [irpoauirov, the face]. Re-
lating to the face; facial.

prosopodiplegia {pros-o-po-di-ple' -je-ah) [irpotrwrrov,
the face; diplegia]. Double facial paralysis.

prosopodynia {pros-o-po-din'-e-ah) [wpoawirov, face;
bbvvrj, pain]. Facial pain, or neuralgia.

prosoponeuralgia {pros-o-po-nu-raV -je-ah). Syno-
nym of prosopalgia.

prosoposchisis {pros-o-pos'-kis-is) [irpbcruwov, face;
<rxio-«, fissure]. An oblique fissure or cleft of the
face of a fetal monstrosity. It passes from the mouth
to one of the orbits, and is usually associated with
malformation of the brain.

prosopospasm {pros' -o-po-spazm) [irpbo-uirov, face;
spasm]. Risus sardonicus.

prosoposternodymia {pros-o-po-ster -no-dim' -e-ah)
[irp6o~<i)irov, face; arkpvov, breast; hibvpas, double]. A
form of double monstrosity in which the twins are
united by their faces and chests.

prosopothoracopagus {pros-o-po-tho-rak-op '-ag-us)
[irpdaoiirov, the face; thorax; vayos, that which is
joined]. A double fetal monster in which the twins
are united by the upper abdomen, chest, and
face.

prosopotocia {pros-o-po-to'-se-ah) [wpbawirov, face;
tokos, birth]. Face-presentation in parturition.

prosphysectomy {pros-fiz-ek' -to-me) [irpbo-cpvais, a
growing to; an appendage; iKToy.it, excision]. Appen-
dicectomy.

prostaden {pros' -tad-en) [prostate; aSrjv, a gland].
An extract of prostate gland used in prostatic hyper-
trophy. Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.) daily.

prostata {pros' -tat-ah). The prostate gland.

prostatalgia {pros-ta-taV -je-ah) [prostate; &\yos,
pain]. Pain in the prostate gland.

prostatauxe {pros-tal-awks'-e) [prostate; av^rj, in-
crease]. Enlargement of the prostate gland.

prostate, p. gland {pros'-tat) [pro-; lo-Tavai, to stand].
The organ surrounding the neck of the bladder
and beginning of the urethra in the male {prostatic
urethra). It consists of two lateral lobes and a
middle lobe, and is composed of muscular and
glandular tissue; a distinct capsule surrounds it.
The prostate often becomes enlarged in advanced
life, and may then interfer with the emptying of
the bladder.

prostatectomy {pros-ta-tek'-to-me) [prostate; eKTop.ii,
excision]. Excision of part or all of the prostate.

prostatelcosis, prostathelcosis {pros-tat-el-ko'-sis,
pros-tat-hel-ko'-sis) [prostate; <EkKoo-is, ulceration].
Ulceration of the prostate.

prostatic {pros-tat' -ik) [prostate]. Relating to the
prostate, p. calculus, a stone lodged in the prostate
gland, p. plexus. 1. A collection of veins sur-
rounding the neck and base of the bladder and the
prostate gland. 2. A plexus of nerves derived from
the pelvic plexus, and distributed to the prostate
gland, seminal vesicles, and erectile tissue of the
penis, p. urethra, that portion of the urethra sur-
rounded by the prostate gland.

prostatism {pros' -tat-izm). A morbid nervous con-
dition due to prostatic disease.

PROSTATITIC

720

PROTOGASTER

prostatitic (pros-tat-it'-ik). Affected with pros-
tatitis.

prostatitis (pros-ta-ti'-tis) [prostate; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the prostate gland.

prostatocele (pros- tat' -o-sel) [prostate; ktjXti, tumor].
An enlargement of the prostate gland, causing a
tumor-like projection.

prostatocystitis (pros-tat-o-sis-ti'-tis) [prostate; kv<t-
t«, bladder; w«, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the prostate and urinary bladder.

prostatocystotomy (pros-tat-o-sist-ot'-o-me) [pros-
tate; cystotomy]. Surgical incision of the prostate
and bladder.

prostatodynia (pros-tat-o-din'-e-ah) [prostate; 65vvri,
pain]. Prostatalgia.

prostatolith (pros-tat' -o-lith) [prostate; \L0os, a
stone]. A prostatic calculus.

prostatomegaly (pros-tat-o-meg'-al-e) [prostate; ney-
dXij, great]. Prostatic hypertrophy.

prostatometer (pros-tat-om'-et-er) [prostate; ukrpov,
measure]. An instrument for estimating the size
of an enlarged prostate.

prostatomy (pros-tat' -o-me). Prostatotomy.

prostatomyomectomy (pros-tat-o-mi-o-mek '-to-me)
[prostate; myomectomy]. Removal of a prostatic
myoma.

prostatoncus (pros-tat-ong'-kus) [prostate; ojkos,
tumor]. A tumor of the prostate.

prostatorrhea (pros-tat-or-e'-ah) [prostate; pola,
flow]. A thin urethral discharge coming from the
prostate gland.

prostatotomy (pros-ta-tot'-o-me) [prostate; rop.r\,
a cutting]. Incision into the prostate gland.

prostatovesiculitis (pros-tat-o-ves-ik-u-li'-tis). In-
flammation of the seminal vesicles combined with
prostatitis.

prostheon. See prosthion.

prosthesis (pros' -thes-is) [irpos, to; dkais, a placing].
Replacement of a missing part by an artificial sub-
stitute, p., Gersuny's paraffin, the replacement of
the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum by
paraffin.

prosthetic (pros-thet'-ik) [prosthesis]. Pertaining
to prosthesis.

prosthetics (pros-thet'-iks) [prosthesis]. The branch
of surgery that deals with prosthesis.

prosthion (pros' -the-on) [irpoadios, foremost]. Alve-
olar point. See craniometric points.

prostholytic (pros-tho-lit'-ik) [irp6<r0et>, before;
\veiv, to loosen]. Progressive change.

prostitution (pros-tit-u'-shun) [prostituere, to expose
publicly]. The condition or act of a person who
indiscriminately lets the body for sexual intercourse,
for pay.

prostrate (pros' -trat) [pro- ; sterner e, to spread out].
Lying at full length.

prostrated (pros' -tra-ted) [pro-; sterner e, to spread].
Exhausted; stricken down.

prostration (pros-tra'-shun) [prostrate]. i. The
condition of being prostrate. 2. Extreme exhaustion
of nervous or muscular force, p., nervous, general
exhaustion from excessive expenditure of nervous
energy.

protagon (pro' -tag-on) [irpcoros, first; S.yetv, to lead],
C160H308N5PO35. A crystalline glucoside found in
nervous tissue, and yielding when boiled with
baryta the decomposition-products of lecithin.

protal (pro'-tal) [irpwroj, first]. First; primary;
initial; hereditary.

protalbumose (pro-tal'-bil-mos). Same as proto-
albumose. See under albumose.

protamine (pro'-ta-min) [irpuros, first; amine],
C16H32N9O2. An organic base found with nuclein in
the spawn of salmon.

protan (pro' -tan). A preparation of tannin and
casein, insoluble in water or dilute acid solutions;
employed as an intestinal astringent.

protanopia (pro-tan-o'-pe-ah) [wpwros, first; anopia].
A defect in a first constituent, essential for color-
vision, as in red-blindness.

protargol (pro-tar' -got). A silver albumose occur-
ring as a yellow powder, containing 8 % of silver;
freely soluble in water. It is recommended in
gonorrhea in 0.25 to 1 % solutions.

protean (pro'-te-an) [proteus]. 1. Taking on many
shapes, as a protean disease, protean eruption. 2. Any
first hydrolytic derivative of a protein.

protease (pro'-te-as). An enzyme which digests
proteins.

protectin (pro-tek'-tin). 1. A substance which

develops in blood-serum when allowed to stand
in vitro, and which protects the red blood corpuscles
against hemolytic action. 2. Tissue paper with a
coating of adhesive rubber mixture on one side.

protective (pro-tek'-tiv) [protect]. Covering, so as
to shield against harm; guarding against harm, as a
protective dressing, p. protein. See protein, de-
fensive.

proteic (pro-te'-ik). Relating to protein, p. sub-
stances, proteins.

proteid (pro'-te-id) [irpwros, first]. 1. See protein.
2. Conjugate albumins, including nucleo-proteids
and hemoglobins.

proteiform (pro-te'-if-orm). Having various forms.

protein (pro'-te-in) [proteid]. An organic substance,
consisting essentially of C, H, N, O, and S, character-
istic of living matter, and found, in various forms,
in animals and plants; albumin. For tests, see
albumin, p., bacterial, one formed by the action of
a microorganism, p., bacterial cellular, any protein
found in the bodies of bacteria, p.s, coagulated.
See coagulated proteins, p.s, compound, a class of
bodies more complex than simple proteins, which
yield as nearest splitting products, simple proteins
on one side and nonprotein bodies, such as coloring-
matters, carbohydrates, xanthin bases, etc., on the
other. They are divided into three groups — the
hemoglobins, glycoproteids, and nucleoproteids.
p., defensive, one of the proteins existing in the blood
and rendering the system immune to infectious dis-
eases, p., pyocyaneous, a preparation made from
cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus by means of potash
solutions. It is recommended in the treatment of
suppurating ulcers.

proteinochromogen (pro-te-in-o-kro'-mo-jen) [pro-
tein; xpwM«» color; 7ewa>, to produce]. Same as
tryptophan, q. v.

proteinol (pro' -te-in-ol) [proto-; oleum, oil]. A form
of nutritious food for infants and invalids. It con-
tains proteids, fats, carbohydrates and lime-
salts.

proteolysis (pro-te-ol-is'-is), [it paras, first; \vais
solution]. The change produced in proteins by fer-
ments that convert them into diffusible bodies.

proteolytic (pro-te-o-lit'-ik) [proteolysis]. Pertain-
ing to, characterized by, or effecting proteolysis.

proteose (pro'-te-os) [irpuros, first]. Any one of a
group of bodies formed in gastric digestion, inter-
mediate between the food proteins and the peptones,
called antipeptone, hemipeptone, etc.

Proteosoma (pro-te-o-so'-mah) [Uporevs, a sea god,
capable of assuming many forms; a&na, a body].
A genus of parasitic protozoa which infest the blood
of birds.

proteosuria (pro-te-o-su'-re-ah) [proteose; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of proteoses in the urine.

proteuria (pro-te-u'-re-ah). The presence of pro-
teids in the urine.

Proteus (pro'-te-us) [L.]. A genus of schizomycetes.

prothesis (proth'-es-is). See prosthesis.

prothetic (pro-thet'-ik). See prosthetic.

prothrombase (pro-throm'-bas). Same as pro-
thrombin, q. v.

prothrombin (pro-throm'-bin). Same as thrombogen,
q. v.

prothymia (pro-thi' -me-ah) [irpodvuia, zeal, readi-
ness]. Intellectual alertness.

protiodide (pro-ti'-o-dtd) [irpuros, first; iodide]. A
salt containing the least amount of iodine of the
iodides of the same base. See proto-.

protista (pro-tis'-tah) [irpuros, first]. Haeckel's
name for those lower organisms which are not
readily referred to the plant or animal kingdom.

proto- (pro-to-) [irp&ros, first]. 1. A prefix sig-
nifying first. 2. In chemistry, a prefix signifying
the lowest of a series of compounds of the same
elements, as ^rofoiodide, protochXox'vle, protoxide.

protoalbumose (pro-to-al'-bu-mos). See albumose.

protoblast (pro'-to-blast) [proto-; /SXcwtos, germ].
A cell without a cell-wall.

protocatechuic acid (pro-to-kat-e-chu'-ik) [proto-;
catechu], C7H6O4. Dioxy benzoic acid, an acid some-
times occurring in the urine.

protochloride (pro-to-klo'-rid). See proto- (2).

protoelastose (pro-to-e-las'-tos) [proto-; iXaweiv,
to urge forward]. Hemielastin; one of the^products
of digestion of elastin.

protogala (pro-tog' -al-ah) [proto-; ya\a, milk].
Synonym of colostrum.

protogaster (pro-to-gas' -ter) [proto-; yaarfip, stom-

PROTOGEN

721

PROTYLIN

ach]. The primitive intestinal cavity ofagastrula;
the foregut.

protogen (pro'-to-jen) [proto-; y^vvav, to produce],
i. Any albuminoid compound which does not coagu-
late when heated in aqueous solution. 2. A dietetic
obtained by action of formaldehyde on egg-albumen.

protoglobulose (pro-to-glob' -u-los). One of the
primary products of the digestion of globulin.

protogonocyte (pro-to-gon'-o-slt) [proto-; gonocyte].
One of the two cells resulting from the separation or
division of the impregnated ovum.

protoiodide (pro-to-V -o-did) . See protiodide.

protoleukocyte (pro-to-lu'-ko-sit). One of the
minute lymphoid cells found in the red bone-marrow
and also in the spleen.

protometer (pro-torn' -et-er) [proto-; ukrpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for measuring the forward
projection of the eyeball.

protomyosinose (pro-to-mi-o'-sin-os) [proto-; myo-
sin]. A product of the primary digestion of myosin.

proton (pro' -ton) [proto-]. The primitive, un-
differentiated mass of cells or rudiment of a part;
the equivalent of anlage.

protonephron (pro-to-nef'-ron) [proto-; v&t>pbs, kid-
ney]. The pronephron, metanephron, and meso-
nephron taken together; the primitive kidney.

protoneuron (pro-to-nu'-ron) [proto-; vevpov, nerve].
One of a peculiar type of bipolar neurons or ganglion-
cells of the cerebrospinal system, characterized by
the entrance of the axis-cylinder of an afferent nerve-
fibril through one of its prolongations, terminating
in its endoplasm. It constitutes a primary inde-
pendent centripetal end-organ.

protonuclein (pro-to-nil'-kle-in) , C29H49N10P5O32.
A preparation from the lymphoid tissues of animals
with the addition of milk-sugar and gum-benzoin.
It is used as an invigorator. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-
0.65 Gm.) several times daily. Applied also in
substance to cancerous wounds.

protopathic (pro-to-path' -ik) [proto-; iraBos, disease].
1. Primary; relating to the first lesion. 2. Per-
taining to the first evidence of a return of function;
said of the appearance of imperfect sensibility in a
nerve after an injury. 3. Pertaining to nerves
responding only to pain and extreme changes of
temperature and in which the sensibility and localiza-
tion are of a low order.

protopathy (pro-top' -ath-e) [proto-; iraBos, disease].
A primary disease.

protopepsia (pro-to-pep' -se-ah) [proto-; irk-n-Ttiv,
to cook]. A primary process of digestion as that of
starches by the saliva.

protophyte (pro' -to-fit) [proto-; <pvr6v, plant].
Any plant of the lowest and most primitive type.
The Schizomycetes, or bacteria (q. v.), may be classed
as protophytes, with other low vegetable forms.
The protophytes have no visible reproductive organs.

protopine (pro'-to-pin) [proto-; 6-inov, opium],
C20H19NO5. An alkaloid from opium; it is hypnotic
and analgesic. Dose 40-150 gr. (2.5-10.0 Gm.).

protoplasis (pro-to-pla'-sis) [proto-; irXaaaetv, to
form]. The primary formation of tissue.

protoplasm (pro' -io-plazm) [proto-; plasma]. 1.
The viscid material constituting the essential sub-
stance of living cells, upon which all the vital func-
tions of nutrition, secretion, growth, reproduction,
irritability, and motility depend. When highly
magnified, the protoplasm of most cells appears as a
net-work (spongioplasm) , containing a more fluid
substance (hyaloplasm) in its meshes. 2. Those
portions of the cell-body adjacent to the nucleus;
or, the primary active portion of the cell as dis-
tinguished from the paraplasm or secondary and
passive portion.

protoplasmatic (pro-to-plaz-mat'-ik). Synonym of
protoplasmic.

protoplasmic (pro-to-plaz'-mik) [protoplasm]. 1.
Pertaining to protoplasm. 2. Composed of proto-
plasm, p. process. See process, protoplasmic.

protoplast (pro' -to-plast) [proto-; ttXckttos, formed,
molded]. 1. An embryonic cell. 2. Protoplasm.

protoplastin (pro-to-plast'-in) [protoplasm]. The
basal substance of protoplasm.

protoprotein (pro-to-pro' -te-in). That material
which, converted into organized nucleoproteids,
forms living matter.

protoproteose (pro-to-pro' -te-os) [proto-; proteose].
Primary proteose; further digestion changes it into
deuteroproteose.

protosalt (pro'-to-sawlt). In chemistry, that one

of two or more compounds of a metal with an acid
which contains relatively the least quantity of
metal.

protose (pro' -ids). Trade name of a food- prepara-
tion of vegetable origin.

protospasm (pro' -to-spazm) [proto-; o-n-ao-fjLos, spasm].
A spasm beginning in one part and extending to
others.

protosulphate (pro-to-sul'-fat). The one of a series
of sulphates which contains relatively the smallest
amount of sulphuric acid.

protothrombin. See prothrombin.

proto toxins (pro-to-toks'-ins) [proto-; toxins]. Dis-
sociation-products of toxins differing from deutero-
toxins and tritotoxins in having a stronger affinity
than either for the antitoxins.

prototoxoid (pro-to-toks'-oid) [proto-; toxoid]. A
transformation-product of prototoxin in which
toxicity is lost, but the combining power retained.

prototrophic (pro-to-tro'-fik) [proto-; rpcxpii, nourish-
ment]. Applied to organisms which do not require
organic matter or have not the faculty of decom-
posing proteid stuff.

prototype (pro'-to-tlp) [proto-; tvitos, a type]. An
original type; a type after which others are copied.

protovertebra (pro-to-ver'-te-brah). A mesoblastic
segment formed on the side of the embryonic noto-
chord.

protoxide (pro-toks'-id). See proto- (2).

protoxoid (pro-toks'-oid). Same as prototoxoid.

protoxyl (pro-toks'-il). An organic compound
containing 37.69 per cent, of arsenic.

protozoa (pro-lo-zo'-ah). Plural of protozoon.

protozoal, protozoan (pro-to-zo'-al, pro-to-zo'-an)
[proto-; fwov animal]. 1. First, lowest, primitive.
2. Pertaining to protozoa.

protozoology (pro-to-zo-ol'-o-je). The study of
protozoa.

protozoon (pro-to-zo'-on) [proto-; {uov, animal, pi.,
protozoa]. One of the lowest class of the animal
kingdom, comprising organisms which consist of
simple cells or colonies of cells, and which possess
no nervous system and no circulatory organs.

protractor (pro-trdk'-ior) [pro, before; trahere, to
draw]. 1. A surgical instrument used for drawing
extraneous bodies from wounds. 2. A muscle that
draws forward.

protrahens (pro-tra'-henz) [L.]. A drawing forward.
p. auriculae, a muscle drawing the pinna forward.
It is known, also, as the attrahens aurem. See mus-
cles, table of. p. lentis, the ciliary muscle of the
eye.

protropine (pro-tro'-pin). See protopine.

protrusor (pro-troo'-sor) [protrudere, to thrust
forward]. Anything protruded, or which protrudes.
p. labii mferioris, the corrugator muscle of the lower
lip. p. linguae. Synonym of genio-glossus. See
muscles, table of.

protrypsin (pro-trip' -sin). See trypsinogen.

protuberance (pro-tu'-ber-ans) [protuberantia; pro,
forward; tuber, a swelling]. A knob-like projecting
part, p., annular. Synonym of pons Varolii.
p., cerebral. 1. Synonym of pons Varolii. 2. The
prominence formed by the upper or anterior of the
cerebral flexures of the embryo, p., external occipi-
tal, the central prominence on the outer surface of
the flat portion of the occipital bone, p., frontal.
1. The prominence of the frontal bone. 2. The
prominence formed by the lower of the two flexures
of the cephalic end of the embryo, p., inferior
maxillary, in the embryo, a prominence formed on
each side by a division of the first pharyngeal arch,
and representing the rudiments of the lower jaw.
p., internal occipital, a slight central prominence on
the inner surface of the tabular portion of the occipi-
tal bone, p., lateral frontal, an elevation on either
side of the frontal prominence of the embryo, p.,
mental, a synonym of prominence, mental, p.,
natiform, the nates of the corpora quadrigemina.
p., occipital. See p., external occipital, and p.,
internal occipital, p., parietal, the eminence of the
parietal bone, situated near the sagittal suture.
p., superior maxillary, a prominence formed on each
side of the embryo by a division of the first pharyn-
geal arch.

protyle, protyl (pro-ti'-le, pro'-til) [proto-; v\ij,
matter]. The hypothetical primal substance from
which all living matter is supposed to be derived;
the supposed primitive universal element.

protylin (pro'-til-in). A synthetic product con-

PROUD FLESH

722

PSEUDESTHESIA

taining 2.7 % of phosphorus; used in neurasthenia.
Dose 2-4 coffeespoonfuls.

proud flesh. Exuberant granulation tissue.

provisional (pro-vizj'-on-al) [providere, to provide].
For temporary use, as provisional callus.

Prowazek's bodies (pro-vat'-sek) [Stanislas Josef
Mathias von Prowazek, German histologist]. Struc-
tures occurring in Guarnieri's vaccine bodies.

proximad (proks' -im-ad) [see proximal]. Toward
the proximal end.

proximal (proks' -im-al) [proximus, nearest]. Near-
est to the body or the median line of the body, or
some other point considered as the center of a system.

proximate (proks' -im-df) [see proximal]. _ Nearest;
immediate, as proximate cause, p. principle, a
substance existing under its own form in the animal
solids or fluids, and that can be extracted by means
not altering or destroying its chemical properties.

prox. luc. Abbreviation of proxima luce, the day
before.

prozonal (pro-zo'-nal) [pro-; zona, a zone]. Ap-
plied to nerve-trunks lying in front of a sclerozone.

prozymogen (pro-zi'-mo-jen). An intranuclear
substance which, after being discharged into the
cytoplasm, becomes zymogen.

prual (proo'-al). A virulent toxic substance said
to be obtained from the root of Coptosapelta flavescens,
a rubiaceous plant of Malaya.

pruinate (proo'-in-at) [pruina, hoar-frost]. Ap-
pearing as if covered with hoar-frost.

prune-juice expectoration (proon-joos). A peculiar
bloody sputum, of a dark purple color, resembling
prune-juice. It occurs in low forms of croupous
pneumonia, in gangrene and carcinoma of the lung.

prunin (proo'-nin). A resinoid from Cerasus sero-
tina; the dose is about two grains (0.125 gin.).

prunum (proo'-num) [L.]. Prune. The prunum
of the U. S. P. is the partly dried fruit of Prunus
domestica, of the order Rosacea. Prunes are laxative.

Prunus (proo'-nus) [L.]. A genus of trees of the
order Rosacea. P. domestica is the source of the
prune. The ripe seed of P. amygdalus is the amygdala
dulcis of the U. S. P. P. serotina yields wild-cherry
bark. P. laurocerasus, cherry laurel; its leaves yield
hydrocyanic acid. P. virginiana (U. S. P.), wild-
cherry, contains a volatile oil, hydrocyanic acid,
tannic acid, a resin, and other substances. It is
used as a tonic and sedative in gastric debility and
general irritation of the system, and is a common
ingredient of cough-mixtures. Dose of the fluid-
extract of wild-cherry (fluidextr actum pruni virginiana,
U. S. P.) 1 dr. (4 Cc.) ; of the infusion (infusum pruni
virginiana, U. S. P.) 2-3 oz. (64-96 Cc.) ; of the syrup
(syrupus pruni virginiana, U. S. P.) f oz. (16 Cc).

pruriginous (proo-rij'-in-us) [prurigo]. Pertaining
to or resembling prurigo.

prurigo (proo-ri'-go) [prurire, to itch]. 1. A chronic
inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by
small pale papules and severe itching. The papules
are deeply seated, and are most prominent on the
extensor surfaces of the limbs. The disease begins
in early life and is usually incurable. 2. Pruritus.

pruritic (proo-rit'-ik) [pruritus]. Pertaining to
pruritus; itching.

pruritus (proo-ri'-tus) [prurire, to itch]. Itching, a
peculiar uncomfortable sensation due to irritation of
the peripheral sensory nerve, and leading to scratch-
ing. It may be a symptom of other diseases of the
skin or an independent neurosis. The latter receives
its name from the part affected, as pruritus ani,
pruritus vaginae, p., bath, a burning sensation
varying from a slight pricking to an intense itching
experienced by some persons after a bath. p.
hiemalis, a form affecting certain persons only in
winter, especially in dry climates, p. senilis, the
pruritus of the aged, at times due to degenerative
changes in the skin. p. senilis of the tongue, a
form of glossitis occurring in the aged, characterized
by itching and burning of the tongue, p. vulvae,
hyperesthesia of the nerves of the vulva accompanied
by intense itching.

Prussak's fibers (proos'-ak) [Alexander Prussak,
Russian otologist, 1839-1907]. The bands which,
coming from the roof of the external auditory canal,
pass on to the membrana tympani and form the lateral
boundaries of Shrapnell's membrane; they are made
up of elastic and connective-tissue fibers and contain
blood-vessels and nerves. P.'s pouch, P.'s space,
the small space formed in the attic of the middle
ear by the external ligament of the malleus above,

the short process of the malleus below, the neck of
the malleus internally, and Shrapnell's membrane
externally.

Prussian blue. Ferric ferrocyanide; used in the
arts as a dye; it was formerly employed in medicine
as a febrifuge, tonic, and alterative. Dose 3-5 gr.
(0.2-0.32 Gm.).

prussiate (proos'-i-at). 1. Any salt of prussic or
hydrocyanic acid; a cyanide. 2. Particularly a
ferricyanide or ferrocyanide.

prussic acid. See acid, hydrocyanic.

psalis (sa'-lis) [^aXfe, arch]. The cerebral fornix.

psalterial (sawl-te'-re-al). Pertaining to a psal-
terium.

psalterium (sawl-te'-re-um) [\}/a\TrjpLov, a psaltery:
pl., psalteria], 1. Synonym of the lyra. 2. A
group of longitudinal fibers on the floor of the Sylvian
aqueduct. 3. In biology, the third compartment of
the complicated stomach of the pecora or true rumi-
nants; also called many plies.

psamma (sam'-ah) [^hpum, sand]. Sand occur-
ring as a urinary deposit.

psammocarcinoma (sam-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). See
carcinoma psammosum.

psammoma (sam-o'-mah) [xj/annos, sand; 5/ua, tu-
mor]. A firm tumor found in the membranes of
the brain, the choroid plexus, and in other parts, and
characterized by the presence of peculiar calcareous
particles. The tumor is generally a fibrosarcoma.

psammotherapy (sam-o-ther'-ap-e) [^A/u/zos, sand;
depaireia, treatment]. Ammotherapy; the thera-
peutic use of the sand-bath.

psammous (sam'-us) [^an/ios, sand]. Sandy;
sabulous.

pselaphesis (sel-af-e'-sis) [^Xa^Tjo-is, touch]. 1.
The act of groping with the fingers, seen in the low
delirium of fevers; carphology. 2. Tickling, or
ticklishness.

pselaphia (sel-a'-fe-ah) [ipT)\a<j>La, touch]. 1. Digi-
tal examination or exploration. 2. The same as
pselaphesis.

psellism, psellismus (sel'-izm, sel-iz'-mus) [\p\\ei<r-
fios, a stammering]. 1. Stuttering or stammering.
2. Defective speech due to hare-lip or to cleft palate.
psellismus mercurialis, the unintelligible, hurried,
jerking speech accompanying mercurial tremor.

pseud-, pseudo- (siid-, su-do-) [\pevSi)s, false]. A
prefix meaning false.

pseudaconitine (su-dak-on' -it-en) [pseud-; acon-
ite], C36H49NO12. An extremely poisonous alkaloid
from Aconitum ferox.

pseudacousia, pseudacousma, pseudacusis (su-dak-
ooz'-e-ah, -mah, -u'-sis) [pseud-; aicoveis, a hearing].
A disturbance of hearing in which the person's own
voice sounds strange or peculiar, being altered in
pitch and quality.

pseudassthesia (su-des-the'-z-eah). See pseudes-
thesia.

pseudalbuminuria. See pseudoalbuminuria.

pseudamnesia (su-dam-ne'-ze-ah) [pseud-; &nvri<ria,
forgetf illness]. 1. Spurious amnesia; a condition
resembling amnesia, but of a transient character.
2. An erroneous form of the word pseudomnesia, q. v.

pseudangina (su-dan'-jin-ah). See pseudoangina.

pseudankylosis (su-dank-il-o'-sis) [pseudo-; anky-
losis]. A false joint; a false or fibrous ankylosis.

pseudaphe, pseudaphia (su'-da-fe, su-da'-fe-ah)
tyevSris, false; tyi, touch]. Pseudesthesia.

pseudarthritis (su-dar-thri'-lis) [pseud-; arthritis].
Hysterical affection of a joint, simulating arthritis.

pseudarthrosis (su-dar-thro'-sis) [pseud-; arthrosis].
A false joint.

pseudaxis (su-daks'-is). Same as sympodium, q. v.

pseudelminth (su-deV -minth) [pseud-; ZXfiivd, a
worm]. Any worm-like object mistaken for an
entoparasitic worm.

pseudencephalus (su-den-sef'-al-us) [pseud-; iyK&p-
a\os, brain]. A species of monster characterized
by a partial development of the frontal, parietal,
and occipital bones, while the brain is represented by
a bunch of membranes, blood-vessels, connective
and possibly nervous tissue at the base of the
skull.

pseudephedrin (su-def'-ed-rin). See pseudoephed-
rin.

pseudesthesia, pseudaesthesia (su-des-the'-ze-ah)
[pseud-; ataOrjais, feeling]. An imaginary sensation
for which there is no corresponding object; a sensation
referred to parts of the body that have been removed
by accident or surgical operation.

PSEUDINOMA

723

PSEUDOGANGLION

pseudinoma (sii-din-o'-mah) . Synonym of scirrhus.

pseudo- (sil'-do-). See pseud-.

pseudoaconitine (su-do-ak-on' -it-en) . Synonym of
pseudaconitine.

pseudoactinomycosis, pseudactinomycosis (sii-do-
ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis, su-dak-tin-o-mi-ko' -sis) . A form
of pulmonary tuberculosis in which the sputum
contains granular bodies resembling the grains of
actinomycosis. They consist of a crystalline sub-
stance similar to leucin.

pseudoagraphia (su-do-ah-gra'-fe-ah). The form
of agraphia in which meaningless or disconnected
words can be written.

pseudoakromegaly (sic-do-ak-ro-meg'-al-e). See
osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic pulmonary.

pseudoalbuminuria (su-do-al-bu-min-u' -re-ah) .

False or physiological albuminuria.

pseudoalveolar (su-do-al-ve'-o-lar) . Simulating
alveolar tissue.

pseudoangina (su-do-an'-ji-nah). False angina;
hysteric angina; an attack of cardiac pain somewhat
resembling angina pectoris but less grave in character,
longer in duration, and usually not associated with
organic heart disease. It occurs in neurotic women,
and is generally brought oh by emotional excite-
ment.

pseudoangioma (su-do-an-je-o'-mah) [pseudo-; angi-
oma]. The formation of a temporary angioma, as is
sometimes seen in healing stumps, p., urethral,
urethral caruncle.

pseudoanorexia {su-do-an-or-eks'-e-ah). Rejection
of food because of gastric distress.

pseudoapoplexy {su-do-ap' -o-pleks-e) [pseudo-; apo-
plexy]. A diseased condition resembling apoplexy,
but in which cerebral hemorrhage is not found
post-mortem.

pseudoappendicitis (su-do-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). i. A
condition simulating appendicitis, but with no
lesion of the appendix. 2. A condition simulating
appendicitis occurring in hysterical subjects or asso-
ciated with secondary syphilis.

pseudoarthrosis (su-do-ar-thro'-sis). See pseud-
arthrosis.

pseudoataxia {su-do-ah-taks'-e-ah). See pseudo-
tabes.

pseudobacillus (su-do-bas-il'-us). 1. One of the
very fine fat crystals sometimes found in sputum,
and which stain similarly to tubercle bacilli, from
which they are distinguishable by their varying size
and their solubility in ether and chloroform. 2. In
the plural, pseudobacilli (of Hayem), very minute,
rod-shaped products of corpuscular fragmentation
observed in poikilocytosis.

pseudobacterium (su-do-bak-te'-re-um). Any ob-
ject resembling a bacterium.

pseudoblepsia, pseudoblepsis (su-do-blep'-se-ah,
su-do-blep'-sis) [pseudo-; 0Xe£is, seeing]. A visual
hallucination; a distorted visual image.

pseudobulbar (sii-do-bul'-bar). Not really bulbar.
p. paralysis, symmetrical disease of both cerebral
hemispheres involving the centers or paths of the
nerves of speech, and thus resembling disease of the
medulla oblongata.

pseudocartilaginous (sil-do-kar-til-aj'-in-us). Simu-
lating cartilage in structure.

pseudocataracta (su-do-kat-ar-ak'-tah) [pseudo- ;
cataract]. Spurious cataract.

pseudocele (su'-do-sel) [pseudo-; koXXos, a hollow].
The fifth ventricle of the brain.

pseudoceliotomy (su-do-se-le-ot'-o-me). The pre-
tended performance of abdominal section.

pseudochalazion {su-do-kal-a' -ze-on) . A malignant
lesion of the conjunctiva resembling chalazion.

pseudochancre (su-do-shang' -ker) . An indurated
sore simulating chancre.

pseudochlorosis (su-do-klo-ro'-sis). Leache's term
for a form of chlorosis in which there was no diminu-
tion of the number of erythrocytes.

pseudochorea (su-do-ko-re'-ah) [pseudo-; xopda,
dance]. Spurious chorea, usually hysterical in
urigin.

pseudochromesthesia (su-do-kro-mes- the'-ze-ah)

[pseudo-; x/wMa> color; al<rdr)(ns, sense]. A condition
in which the vowels of a word (whether seen, heard,
or remembered) each seem to have a distinct visual
tint. See photism, phonism.

pseudochromia (su-do-kro'-me-ah) [pseudo-; xpw"*.
color]. A false or incorrect perception of color.

pseudocirrhosis (su-do-sir-o'-sis). A condition
marked by ascites, dyspnea, and cyanosis, believed

to be due to combined cirrhosis and peritoneal
disease.

pseudoclump (sil'-do-klump). A clump of bacteria
in broth typhoid cultures, which simulates closely
the clumps formed by specific typhoid agglutinins.

pseudocodeine (sil-do-ko'-de-in), C18H21NO3. A
derivative of codeine, analogous to codeine but
weaker.

pseudocode, pseudoccelia {su'-do-sel, su-do-se'-
le-ah). Synonym of pseudocele and of pseudoccelom.

pseudocoloboma (su-do-kol-o-bo'-mah) [pseudo- ;
Ko\6fiwna, mutilation]. A scarcely noticeable fissure
of the iris, the remains of the embryonic ocular
fissure, which has almost, but not perfectly, closed.

pseudocrisis {su-do-kri' -sis) . A false crisis; a
sudden fall of temperature resembling the crisis of a
disease, but subsequently followed by a rise of
temperature and a continuation of the disease. It is
common in pneumonia.

pseudocroup (su'-do-kroop). False croup; laryn-
gismus stridulus.

pseudocyesis (sil-do-si-e'-sis) [pseudo- ; nvrjais, preg-
nancy]. False pregnancy; the belief, on the part
of a woman, in the existence of pregnancy when
none exists.

pseudocylindroid (su-do-sil'-in-droid) [pseudo-; cyl-
indroid], A band of mucus or any substance in the
urine simulating a renal cast.

pseudocyst (su'-do-sist) [pseudo- ; kuo-tis, a bladder].
In biology, a globular body produced by the breaking
up of protoplasm in a filament, in certain of the
lower plants; an asexual reproductive body.

pseudodesma (su-do-dez' -mah) [pseudo-; Seepix,
bond]. A false or adventitious ligament.

pseudodiascope {su-do-di'-ah-skop) [pseudo-; 8ia<r-
Ko-jrelv, to look through]. An instrument demon-
strating the persistence of visual impressions made
upon the retina.

pseudodiastolic (sii-do-di-as-tol'-ik). Apparently
diastolic.

pseudodiphtheria (su-do-dif -the' -re-ah) [pseudo- ;
diphtheria]. An inflammation characterized by the
presence of a false membrane not due to the Klebs-
Loffler bacillus, p. bacillus, a nonpathogenic bacillus
resembling in form and growth the true diphtheria
bacillus.

pseudodiphtheritic {su-do-dif-ther-it'-ik). Simulat-
ing diphtheria ; relating to pseudodiphtheria.

pseudodyspepsia (sil-do-dis-pep'-se-ah) [pseudo- ;
dyspepsia]. Nervous dyspepsia or gastric neuras-
thenia.

pseudoedema (su-do-e-de'-mah). A condition
simulating edema.

pseudoencephalitis (su-do-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [pseudo- ;
encephalitis], Hydrencephaloid disease.

pseudoendometritis {su-do-en-do-met-ri' -lis) [pseu-
do-; endometritis], A condition resembling endo-
metritis marked by changes in the blood-vessels,
hyperplasia of the glands, and atrophy.

pseudoephedrine (sii-do-ef'-ed-rin), C13H19NO. An
alkaloid found in Ephedra vulgaris and isomeric
with ephedrine.

pseudoepilepsy (sti-do-ep'-il-ep-se) [pseudo-; epi-
lepsy]. Disorders simulating epilepsy, wholly or
partially of rhachitic origin.

pseudoepithelioma (su-do-ep-i-the-le-o'-mah) [pseu-
do- ; epithelioma]. An affection of the skin simulating
epithelioma.

pseudoerysipelas {su-do-er-e-sip'-el-as) [pseudo-;
erysipelas]. Inflammation of the subcutaneous
cellular tissue resembling erysipelas.

pseudoesophagism (su-do-e-sof-a-jizm) [pseudo-
esophagism], A condition resembling esophagismus
but without any obstruction being found in the
esophagus.

pseudoesthesia (sii-do-es-the'-ze-ah). See pseudes-
thesia.

pseudofever (su-do-fe'-ver) [pseudo-; fever]. An
hysterical elevation of temperature.

pseudofibrin (su-do-fi'-brin) [pseudo-; fibrin].
The coagulative material of blood in cases of "buffy
coat."

pseudofluctuation (su-do-fluk-tu-a'-shun) [pseudo- ;
fluctuation]. A tremor simulating fluctuation, some-
times observed on tapping lipomata.

pseudofracture (sii'-do-frak-chur) [pseudo-; frac-
ture]. A spontaneous fracture.

pseudoganglion (su-do-gang'-gle-on) [pseudo-; gan-
glion]. A false ganglion, usually a slight thickening
of a nerve.

PSEUDOASTRALGIA

724

PSEUDOPARALYSIS

pseudogastralgia (su-do-gas-traV-je-ah) [pseudo- ;
yaffTT/p, stomach; 0X70$, pain]. A pain resembling
gastralgia, but not caused by disease of the stomach.
It may be dependent upon disease of the aorta.

pseudogelatin (sii-do-jel'-at-in) [pseudo-; gelatin].
Any gelatinous substance obtained from vegetable
tissues.

pseudogeusesthesia, pseudogeusaesthesia (su-do-
gu-zes-ihe' -ze-ah) [pseudo-; yevais, taste; aladrjais,
sensation]. A condition in which color sensations
accompany the sense of taste.

pseudogeusia (su-do-gu' -ze-ah) [pseudo-; yevcris,
taste]. A false perception, or hallucination, of taste.

pseudoglioma (su-do-gli-o'-mah) [pseudo-; glioma].
A name given to inflammatory changes of the vitreous
humor, due to iridochoroiditis, and resembling gli-
oma of the retina.

pseudoglobulin (su-do-glob'-u-lin). A protein
found in globulin; it is not precipitated by dialysis.

pseudoglucosazone (su-do-gloo-ko'-sa-zon). A crys-
talline substance sometimes found in normal urine
which gives the phenylhydrazine test for sugar.

pseudogonococcus {su-do-gon-o-kok'-us) [pseudo-;
gonococcus]. A diplococcus resembling the gono-
coccus found in the normal urethra.

pseudogonorrhea {su-do-gon-or-e'-ah) [pseudo- ; gon-
orrhea]. A simple nonspecific urethritis.

pseudohematocele (sil-do-hem-at'-o-sel) [pseudo-;
hematocele]. Hematocele occurring outside of the
peritoneal cavity.

pseudohemoglobin (su-do-hem-o-glo'-bin) [pseudo- ;
hemoglobin]. A loose combination of hemoglobin
and oxygen believed to be an intermediate step
between hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, on the
reduction of the latter.

pseudohermaphrodite (su-do-her-maf'-ro-dit) [pseu-
do-; hermaphrodite]. An individual in which there
is a double sexual formation of the external genitals,
but a unisexual development of the reproductive
glands (ovaries and testicles). According to the
development of one or the other of the latter will
the sex of the individual be determined.

pseudohermaphroditism (su-do-her-maf'-ro-di-

tizm) [pseudo-; hermaphroditism]. A condition
simulating hermaphroditism.

pseudohernia (su-do-her'-ne-ah) [pseudo-; hernia].
An empty hernia sac resembling strangulated hernia
when inflamed.

pseudoheterotopia {su-do-het-ur-o-to' -pe-ah) [pseu-
do-; 'irepos, other; tottos, place]. Misplacement of
cerebral alba or cinerea by unskillful manipulation
in an autopsy.

pseudohydrarthrosis (su-do-hi-drar-thro'-sis) [pseu-
do-; hydrarthrosis]. Apparent dropsy of the knee-
joint from effusion into the ligament between the
patella and the tuberosity of the tibia, and especially
into the fat tissue of the synovial bursa.

pseudohydrophobia (sil-do-hi-dro-fo'-be-ah) [pseu-
do-; hydrophobia]. A condition resembling hydro-
phobia, at times produced by dread of the disease.
Syn., lyssophobia.

pseudohyoscyamine. See hyoscyamine pseudo-.

pseudohypertrophic (su-do-hi-per-tro'-fik). Per-
taining to or characterized by pseudohypertrophy.
p. muscular paralysis, loss or diminution of the power
of motion, accompanied by enlarged, and apparently
hypertrophied muscles. The types are the Leyden-
Moebius, Zimmerlin, and Landouzy-Dejerine. See
paralysis, pseudohypertrophic.

pseudohypertrophy {su-do-hi-per' -tro-je) [pseudo- ;
hypertrophy]. False hypertrophy; increase in the
size of an organ on account of overgrowth of an im-
portant tissue. It is accompanied by diminution in
function.

pseudoileus (su-do-il'-e-us) [pseudo-; ileus]. 1. Re-
flex ileus due to constriction of the mesentery, or of a
diverticulum, or from traction of a pedicled ovarian
tumor, contusion of the testicle or abdomen, or from
movable kidney. 2. Acute dilatation of the stomach.
3. Extreme constipation with paralysis of the intes-
tinal wall.

pseudoinfluenza (su-do-in-floo-en'-zah) [pseudo- ;
influenza]. A disease simulating influenza but not
due to Bacillus influenzae.

pseudoisochromatic (su-do-is-o-kro-maV '-ik) [pseu-
do-; ttros, equal; xpu>p.a, color]. Of different colors,
yet apparently of the same color. Cf. anisochro-
matic.

pseudo jaundice (su-do-jawn'-dis). Hematogenous
jaundice without hepatic disease.

pseudoleukemia, pseudoleukemia (su-do-lu-ke' '-
me-ah) [pseudo-; leukemia]. See Hodgkin's disease.
p., infantile, von Jaksch's disease, a form of ane-
mia occurring in young children, usually dependent
on a rhachitic diathesis, and not associated with much
leukocytosis.

pseudoleukocythemia (su-do-lu-ko-si-the' -me-ah) .
Synonym of pseudoleukemia.

pseudolien {su-do-le'-en). See spleen, accessory.

pseudolipoma (su-do-lip-o'-mah) [pseudo-; lipoma].
A localized edema resembling an accumulation of
fat, occurring above the clavicle and about the
knee, especially in cases of rheumatism.

pseudolupus (su-do-lii'-pus) [pseudo-; lupus].
A disease simulating lupus vulgaris, produced by a
species of oidium. p. vulgaris. See dermatitis,
blastomycetic.

pseudomalady (su-do-mal'-ad-e) [pseudo-; malum,
evil]. An imaginary or simulated illness.

pseudomalaria (su-do-mal-a'-re-ah) [pseudo-; mal-
aria], A toxemic disease simulating malaria.

pseudomamma (su-do-mam'-ah) [pseudo-; mamma],
A mamma-like structure sometimes occurring in
dermoid cysts.

pseudomania {su-do-ma' -ne-ah) [pseudo-; ixavla,
madness]. 1. A form of insanity in which the patient
accuses himself of crimes of which he is innocent.
2. A mania characterized by lying.

pseudomelanosis {su-do-mel-an-o' -sis) [pseudo-;
p.e\as, black; voaos, disease]. The dark staining of
gangrenous parts or the tissues after death, due to
the deposit of ferrous sulphide, which is formed by a
reaction of hydrogen sulphide and the hemoglobin
of the blood.

pseudomembrane (su-do-mem'-bran) [pseudo- ;
membrane]. A false membrane, such as is seen in
diphtheria.

pseudomembranous (su-do-mem'-bran-us). Char-
acterized by, or pertaining to, false membranes.
p. inflammation, any inflammation characterized
by the formation of a false membrane.

pseudomeningitis (su-do-men-in-ji'-tis) [pseudo- ;
meningitis]. A group of symptoms resembling that
produced by meningitis, but with absence of the
lesions of meningeal inflammation; meningism. p.,
dental, meningeal symptoms occurring in children
during difficult dentition.

pseudomeninx (su-do-men' '-inks) [pseudo-; m'FO'I.
membrane]. A false membrane.

pseudomnesia {su-do-ne' -ze-ah) [pseudo-; nvij<ns,
remembrance]. Perversion of the memory in which
things that never occurred seem to be remembered.

Pseudomonas (sii-do-mo'-nas) [pseudo-; fibvas,
monad]. A genus of microorganisms having polar
flagella.

pseudomorphine (sil-do-mor'-fen). A finely crystal-
line alkaloid of opium, insoluble in water, alcohol,
ether, and chloroform; it is soluble in alkalies and
lime-water, neutral, tasteless. It has the chemical
but not the toxic properties of morphine.

pseudomucin (su-do-mu'-sin) [pseudo-; mucin].
A substance allied to mucin, found in proliferative
ovarian cysts.

pseudomyxoma (su-do-miks-o'-mah) [pseudo-; myx-
oma]. A tumor containing colloid matter derived
from a ruptured mucous cyst.

pseudonarcotic (sii-do-nar-kot'-ik). Sedative but
not narcotic.

pseudonarcotism (su-do-nar' -ko-tizm) [pseudo-;
vapKdvv, to benumb]. An hysterical simulation of
narcotism.

pseudoneoplasm {su-do-ne' -o-plazm) [pseudo-; neo-
plasm]. 1. A phantom tumor. 2. A temporary
swelling generally of inflammatory origin.

pseudoneuralgia (su-do-nu-raV -je-ah) [pseudo- ; neu-
ralgia]. A term given by Charcot to the pains of
rickets.

pseudoneuritis (sil-do-nu-ri'-tis). A disease simu-
lating a neuritis.

pseudoneuroma (su-do-nu-ro'-mah) [pseudo-; neu-
roma]. A false neuroma. See neuroma.

pseudonuclein (su-do-nu'-kle-in) . See paranuclein.

pseudoosteomalacia (su-do-os-te-o-mal-a'-se-ah)

[Pseudo-; osteomalacia]. Rhachitis in which the
pelvic basin is distorted so as to resemble in form
that of osteomalacia.

pseudoparalysis (su-do-par-al'-is-is) [pseudo-; par-
alysis]. Paralysis of motion, apparently but not
really due to a lesion of the nervous system. _ p.
agitans. See dystaxia agitans. p. myasthenica,.

PSEUDOPARANOIA

725

PSITTACOSIS

bulbar paralysis without apparent anatomic lesion.
p. of rickets, the inability to walk in severe cases of
rickets, due to distortion of the bones, p., syphilitic,
an inflammatory condition of the epiphyses of the
bones in syphilis causing a marked impairment of
motion.

pseudoparanoia (sil-do-par-an-oi'-ah) [pseudo-; par-
anoia], A condition in which there is a primarily
more active mentality, as well as an increased
responsivity to emotional impulses, associated with
a heightened desire for activity.

pseudoparaplegia (su-do-par-ap-le'-je-ah) [pseudo- ;
paraplegia]. Spurious paraplegia. p., tetanoid.
Synonym of paralysis, spastic.

pseudoparasite (su-do-par'-ah-slt) [pseudo-; para-
site], i. Any object resembling a parasite. 2. A
commensal.

pseudoparesis (sil-do-par'-es-is) [pseudo-; paresis].
An affection resembling paresis, but regarded as
distinct from the ordinary forms.

pseudopellagra (sil-do-pel-a'-grah) [pseudo-; pella-
gra]. An affection regarded by some authorities as
distinct from pellagra, but presenting similar skin
symptoms.

pseudopelletierine {su-do-pel-ef -e-er-en) , C18H30-
N2O2. An alkaloid found in the root-bark of pome-
granate.

pseudopeptone {su-do-pep'-ton). Same as hemi-
albumose.

pseudopericardial {su-do-per-e-kar'-de-al). Appear-
ing to be connected with the pericardium.

pseudophlegmon (sil-do-fleg'-mon) [pseudo-; phleg-
mon], A simulated furuncle due to trophic nerve
lesion.

pseudophotesthesia {sil-do-fo-tes-the'-ze-ah) [pseu-
do-; <£ws,, light; cu<7077<us, perception]. The seeing of
photisms.

pseudophthisis (su-do-ti'-sis) [pseudo-; <j>9i<ris,
wasting]. Emaciation and general wasting arising
from other causes than pulmonary tuberculosis.

pseudoplasm (su'-do-plazm) [pseudo-; irXao-/ua, a
thing molded]. Same as pseudoneoplasm.

pseudoplegia (sil-do-ple'-je-ah) [pseudo-; 7^77717,
stroke]. Simulated or hysterical paralysis.

pseudopneumococcus (sii-do-nu-mo-kok'-us). A
diplococcus larger than the pneumococcus, but
much like it in some respects.

pseudopneumonia (su-do-nu-mo'-ne-ah) . Any dis-
ease of the lung simulating pneumonia.

pseudopod, pseudopodium (su' -do-pod, su-do-po'-
de-um) [pseudo-; irovs, foot]. A protrusion of a
portion of the substance of an ameboid cell.

pseudopodiospore (sii-do-po'-de-o-spor) [pseudo-
podium; spore]. A spore having pseudopodia; an
amabula.

pseudopregnancy (su-do-preg'-nan-se) [pseudo- ;
pregnancy]. _ Synonym of pregnancy, false.

pseudopsia (su-dop'-se-ah) [pseudo-; &\j/, eye].
Visual hallucination, or error of visual perception.

pseudopterygium (su-do-ter-ij'-e-um). False, or
cicatricial, pterygium.

pseudoptosis (sii-do-to'-sis) [pseudo-; ptosis]. A
condition resembling ptosis caused by a fold of skin
and fat depending below the edge of the eyelid.

pseudopus (su'-do-pus) [pseudo-; pus]. A liquid
that resembles pus in appearance only.

pseudorabies (sic-do-ra'-be-ez). See lyssophobia.

pseudoreaction (sil-do-re-ak'-shun) [pseudo-; reac-
tion]. Agglutination not due to typhoid bacilli.
Cf. pseudoclump.

pseudorexia (su-dor-eks'-e-ah) [pseudo-; ope£ts,
desire]. A perverted appetite.

pseudorhachitis (su-do-ra-ki'-tis). Osteitis de-
formans.

pseudorheumatism (sii-do-roo' -mat-izm) [pseudo- ;
rheumatism]. False rheumatism, p., infectious, a
term given by Lapersonne to certain cases of multiple
synovitis or arthritis, the prime cause of which it is
impossible to discover.

pseudorhonchus (su-do-rong'-kus) [pseudo-; rhon-
chus]. A false or spurious rhonchus; a deceptive
auscultatory sound.

pseudoscarlatina {su-do-skar-lat-e'-nah) [pseudo- ;
scarlatina]. A febrile disease associated with a
rash like that of scarlatina, occurring as a result of
gonorrhea or after puerperal infection.

pseudosclerosis (su-do-skle-ro'-sis) [pseudo-; sclero-
sis].«? An affection similar in symptoms to multiple
sclerosis of the nervous system, but without the
anatomical lesions.

pseudosmia {su-doz'-me-ah) [pseudo-; barf, smell].
Perversion of the sense of smell: an olfactory halluci-
nation.

pseudosphincter (su-do-sfink'-ter) [pseudo-; sphinc-
ter]. An imperfect sphincter.

pseudospleen, pseudosplen {su'-do-splen, -splen).
See spleen, accessory.

pseudosteogenesis (su-dos-te-o-jen'-e-sis) [pseudo-;
bffTtov, bone; yewav, to produce]. Abnormal bone-
formation.

pseudosteum (sil-dos'-te-um). An abnormal bony
growth.

pseudostoma (su-dos'-to-mah) [pseudo-; arofia,
a mouth]. An apparent aperture between endothelial
cells that have been stained with silver nitrate.

pseudotabes (su'-do-ta-bez) [pseudo-; tabes]. 1. A
disease simulating tabes dorsalis or tabes mesenterica.
2. The ataxic form of alcoholic multiple neuritis.

pseudotetanus (su-do-tet'-an-us) [pseudo-; tetanus].
Escherich's symptom-complex. A rare type of
tetanus in which the masseters and dorsal muscles
are principally involved.

pseudotoxin (sii-do-toks'-in). A name given to
extract of belladonna containing other substances.

pseudotrichinosis (su-do-trik-in-o'-sis) [pseudo-;
trichinosis]. Acute polymyositis resembling trichi-
nosis of the muscles.

pseudotrichosis (su-do-trik-o'-sis) [pseudo-; tricho-
sis]. The growth of hair in an abnormal location.

pseudotropine (su-do-tro'-pen)' [pseudo-; tropine],
CsHisNO. An isomeric form of tropine.

pseudotuberculosis (su-do-tii-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [pseu-
do-; tuberculosis]. A disease resembling tubercu-
losis, but not caused by the tubercle bacillus.

pseudotumor {su-do-tu' -mor) [pseudo-; tumor].
A phantom tumor; one that changes its location is
called an ambulant tumor.

pseudotyphoid (su-do-ti'-foid) [pseudo-; typhoid].
Spurious typhoid, a disease simulating typhoid
fever, but in which the true lesions of this disease
as well as the typhoid bacilli are absent.

pseudovacuoles {su-do-vak'-u-olz) [pseudo-; vacu-
ole]. Transparent bodies containing pigment found
by Laveran in blood of malarial patients.

pseudoventricle {su-do-ven' -trik-T) . The fifth
ventricle of the brain.

pseudovermicule (su-do-ver'-mik-ul) [pseudo-; ver-
mes, worm]. The motile stage in the development of
certain Plasmodia, as that produced from the fertilized
macrogamete in the case of the malarial parasite and
allied organisms.

pseudoxantbine (sii'-do-zan-then) [pseudo-; xan-
thine], 1. C4H5N5O, a leukomaine isolated from
fresh beef. 2. A body isomeric with xanthine,
obtained by action of sulphuric acid upon uric acid.

pseudoxanthoma (su-do-zan-tho'-mah) [pseudo- ;
xanthoma]. A rare chronic disease of the skin charac-
terized by an eruption of yellowish plaques, slightly
elevated, with an especial predilection for certain
parts of the skin, e. g., lower abdomen, axilla, sides
of neck, etc., in which it differs from true xanthoma,
which affects by preference the flexures of fingers,
the extensor surfaces of elbows and knees, etc. It
differs histologically from true xanthoma in being a
degeneration of the elastic tissue of the skin. Syn.,
pseudoxanthoma elastica.

pseudozooglcea (su-do-zo-og-le'-ah) [pseudo-; $uov,
animal; 7X010., glue]. A clump of bacteria something
like a zoogla^a mass, but not dissolving readily in
water and not having the degree of compactness and
gelatinization possessed by zoogla^ae.

pseudulcus (siid-ul'-kus). A false ulcer. p.
ventriculi, a sensory neurosis of the stomach closely
resembling gastric ulcer.

pseudydrops (sud-i' -drops) [pseudo-; vdpw^, dropsy].
False dropsy.

psilosis (si-lo'-sis) [\pi\6s, bare]. 1. The removal
of the hair from a part; depilation. 2. See aphtha
tropica.

psilothin, psilothinum (si-lo'-thin, si-lo-thi' -nurn) .
A depilatory cerate containing elemi, 40 %; benzoin,
10 %; rosin, 8 %; yellow wax, 10 %; and diachylon
plaster, 30%; applied warm, and when cool, re-
moved with the hair adhering.

psilothric (si-lo'-thrik) [\pChwdpov, a depilatory].
Depilatory.

psilothron (sil'-o-thron) [fi\a£poi>. A depilatory.

psilotic (si-lo'-tik). Relating to psilosis.

psittacosis (sit-ak-o'-sis) \piTTaKos„ a parrot]. A
disease of birds, especially of parrots, transmissible

PSOADIC

726

PSYCHONEUROSIS

to man, in whom it runs the course of a violent
typhoid fever without abdominal symptoms but with
pulmonary disorders resembling severe infectious
pneumonia. It is due to Bacillus psittacosis.

psoadic (so-ad'-ik) [psoas]. Pertaining to a psoas
muscle, or to the loin.

psoadotomia (so-ad-o-to'-me-ah) [psoas; rop.it, a
cutting]. Incision of the psoas muscle.

psoas (so'-as) [^6a, loin]. One of two muscles —
psoas magnus and psoas parvus — of the loins and
pelvis. See under muscle, p. abscess, an abscess,
usually dependent upon tuberculous disease of a
vertebra, making its way along the sheath of the
psoas muscle and pointing at the front of the thigh,
below Poupart's ligament, to the outer side of the
spine of the pubis.

psodymus (sod'-im-us) [psoas; SLdvpos, double].
A monster with two heads and chests and conjoined
abdominal and pelvic cavities.

psoitis (so-i'-tis) [psoas; ms, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the psoas muscles or of the region
of the loins.

ps omophagia, spomophagy (so-mo-fa'-je-ah, so-mof-
a-je) [i//o)(j.6s, a bit; 4>ayeZi>, to eat]. Swallowing the
food after imperfect and inadequate mastication;
bolting the food.

psora (so'-rah) [\l/u>pa, the itch], i. Scabies. 2.
Psoriasis.

psorelcosis (so-rel-ko'-sis) [psora; eXwoo-w, ulcera-
tion]. Ulceration Occurring during the progress of
scabies.

psorenteria (so-ren-te'-re-ah) [psora; kvrkpov, in-
testine]. Inflammatory condition of solitary follicles
of the intestine observed in Asiatic cholera.

psorenteritis (so-ren-ter-i'-tis) [psora; enteritis].
The intestinal condition in Asiatic cholera.

psoriasic (so-ri-as'-ik) . See psoriatic.

psoriasiform (so-ri-as'-e-fortn). Resembling psori-
asis.

psoriasis (so-rif-as-is) [psora]. A chronic inflam-
matory disease of the skin characterized by the
development of reddish patches covered with whitish
scales. The disease affects especially the extensor
surfaces of the body. p. annularis. Synonym of
p. circinata. p., buccal, p. buccalis. Synonym of
leukoplakia buccalis. p. circinata, psoriasis in which
the central part of the lesions has disappeared, leav-
ing ring-shaped patches, p. diffusa, a form in which
there is coalescence of large contiguous lesions, p.
guttata. See p. punctata, p. gyrata, psoriasis with a
serpentine arrangement of the patches, p. lotricum,
a form attacking the hands and arms, particularly
of washerwomen. Syn., washerwoman's itch. p. oste-
acea, psoriasis associated with affections of joints.
p. palmaris, a form affecting the palms of the hands.
p. pistorum, baker's itch. p. punctata, a form in
which the lesions consist of minute red papules which
rapidly become surmounted by pearly scales, p.
universalis, a form in which the lesions are over all
the body.

psoriatic (so-ri-at'-ik) [psoriasis]. Pertaining to
or affected with psoriasis.

psorocomium (so-ro-ko'-me-um) [psora; Kopeiv, to
take care of]. A hospital for patients affected with
the itch.

psoroid (so'-roid) [psora; tl8os, like]. Similar to
psora or scabies.

psorophthalmia (so-rof-thal '-me-ah) [psora; 6<j>da\-
y.bs, eye]. Marginal blepharitis.

psorosperm (so'-ro-sperm) [psora; o-irippa, seed].
A unicellular organism belonging to the protozoa;
a coccidium; a sporozoon.

psorospermial, psorospermic (so-ro-sperm'-e-al, so-
ro-sperm'-ik) [psorosperm]. Pertaining to, or affected
with, psorosperms.

psorospermiasis (so-ro-sperm-i'-as-is) [psorosperm].
A state characterized by the presence of psorosperms.

psorospermosis (so-ro-sperm-o'-sis) [psorosperm].
A diseased condition associated with the presence of
psorosperms. p., proliferative follicular. Synonym
of keratosis follicularis and Darier's disease.

psorous (so'-rus) [psora]. Pertaining to or affected
with the itch.

psorozoa (so-ro-zo'-ah) [psora; f^op, animal].
Animal psorosperms.

psychagogia (si-kag-o'-je-ah) [tpvxv, spirit; Ayuyos,
leading]. Mental excitement or activity.

psychagogic (si-kag-oj'-ik) [\J/vxn, spirit; kywybs,
leading]. 1. Restorative of the consciousness. 2. A
remedy that restores to consciousness, as in fainting.

psychalgia (si-kal'-je-ah) [\pvxv, mind; 0X705, pain].
Painful cerebration in melancholia.

psychalia (si-ka'-le-ah) [1^11x17 » mind]. A morbid
condition attended by hallucinations.

psychanalysis (si-kan-al'-is-is) [^vxv, mind; analy-
sis]. A method of obtaining from nervous patients,
against their will, a knowledge of their past experi-
ences.

psychasthenia (si-kas-the'-ne-ah) [fivxv, mind;
asthenia]. Mental fatigue.

psyche (si'-ke) [^vxv> mind]. The brain and
myelon considered as one organ; the cerebrospinal
axis.

psycheism (si'-ke-izm). Hypnotism.

psychentonia {si-ken-to' -ne-ah) [^vxv, mind; Ivrovla,
tension]. Mental strain or over-work.

psychiater (si-ki'-at-er) tyvxh, mind; Larpos, a
physician]. An alienist; one who cures mind-
diseases.

psychiatria (si-ki-af-lre-ah). Same as psychiatry.

psychiatric (si-ke-at4 '-rik) [psychiatry]. Pertaining
to psychiatry.

psychiatrics {si-ke-at' -riks). See psychiatry.

psychiatrist (si-ki'-at-rist). A specialist in psychi-
atry.

psychiatry (si-ki'-at-re) [psyche; larpeia, healing
art]. The science and treatment of the diseases of
the mind.

psychic, psychical (si'-kik, si'-kik-al) [psyche].
Pertaining^ to the mind. p. blindness. See blind-
ness, psychic, p. deafness. See deafness, psychic.
p. infection, mental infection; the development of a
mental condition or disease throvtgh an influence
acting upon the mind.

psychics (si'-kiks). The science of psychology.

psychlampsia (si-klamp'-se-ah) [rpvxft, mind; XcW^s,
a flashing]. Mania, viewed as a discharging phe-
nomenon of perverted cerebral activity.

psycho- (si-ko-) [ipvxv, mind]. A prefix denoting
connection with the mind.

psychoanalysis (si-ko-an-al'-is-is). See psychanaly-
sis.

psychoauditory, psychauditory (si-ko-aw'-dit-o-re,
si-kaw'-dit-o-re) [psycho-; auditory]. Pertaining to
the psychic perception of sound, p. area, the cor-
tical area concerned in the conscious perception of
sound.

psychocoma (si-ko-ko'-mah) [psycho- ; coma]. Men-
tal stupor.

psychocortical (si-ko-kor'-tik-al) [psycho-; cortex].
Pertaining to that part of the cerebral cortex con-
cerned in the conscious perception of sensations.

psychodometer (si-ko-dom'-et-er) [psycho-; ddfc,
way; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring
the rapidity of psychic processes.

psychodynamic (si-ko-di-nam'-ik). Pertaining to
psychody namics .

psychodynamics (si-ko-di-nam'-iks) [psycho-; dvva-
fiis, power]. The science of the laws of mental
activity.

psychogenesis (si-ko-jen'-es-is) [psycho-; y weens,
generation]. The development of mental charac-
teristics.

psychogeny {si-koj'-en-e) [psycho-; yevi/s, produc-
ing]. The development of mind.

psychogeusic (si-ko-gu'-sik) [psycho-; yev<ns, sense
of taste]. # Pertaining to perception of taste.

psychokinesia (si-ko-kin-e'-ze-ah) [psycho-; kLvt)<tis,
movement]. Explosive or impulsive maniacal action,
due to defective inhibition; psychlampsia.

psychology (si-kol'-o-je) [psycho-; X670S, science].
The science having for its object the investigation
of the mind or consciousness, p., abnormal, the
study of all irregular or unusual mental phenomena,
as illusions, hallucinations, trance, hypnotism, auto-
matism, intoxication and psychic effects of drugs,
telepathy, insanity, etc. Cf . psychopathology ; psychi-
atry, p., experimental. See psychophysics.

psychometry (si-kom'-et-re) [psycho-; pkrpov, a
measure]. The measurement of the duration of
psychic processes.

psychomotor (si-ko-mo'-tor) [psycho-; mover e, to
move]. Pertaining to voluntary movement, as the
psychomotor area, disposed chiefly along each side
of the central fissure.

psychoneurology (si-ko-nu-roV-o-je). That part
of neurology treating of mental action.

psychoneurosis (si-ko-nu-ro'-sis) [psycho-; neuro-
sis]. Mental disease not dependent on any organic
lesion.

PSYCHONOMY

727

PTOMAINEMIA

psychonomy (si-kon'-o-me) [psycho- ; 6vop.a, name].
The science of the laws of mental action.

psychonosema (si-ko-no-se'-mah) [psycho-; vba\vt\v,
disease]. Any mental disease.

psychooptic (si-ko-op'-tik) [psycho-; &ip, sight].
Pertaining to the psychic perception of light, p.
area, the cortical area concerned in conscious per-
ception of retinal impulses.

psychoparesis (si-ko-par'-es-is) [psycho-; paresis].
Enfeeblement of the mind.

psychopath (si'-ko-path) [psycho-; iraffos, disease].
A morally irresponsible person.

psychopathia (si-ko-pa'-the-ah) [psycho-; iraBos,
disease]. Psychopathy, p. chirurgicalis, a mania
for being operated upon. p. sexualis, psychopathia
characterized by perversion of the sexual functions.

psychopathic (si-ko-path'-ik). Pertaining to psy-
chopathy.

psychopathist (si-kop'-ath-ist). Synonym of psy-
chiatrist.

psychopathology (si-ko-path-ol'-o-je) [psycho-; path-
ology], i. The pathology of mental diseases. 2. The
legal aspect of insanity.

psychopathy (si-kop'-ath-e) [psycho-; irados, dis-
ease]. Any disease of the mind.

psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'-ik-al) [psychophysics].
Pertaining to psychophysics. p. law. See Fechner's
law.

psychophysics (si-ko-fiz'-iks) [psycho-; physical].
The study of mental processes by physical methods ;
the study of the relation of stimuli to the sensations
which they produce, especially the determination of
the differences of stimulus required to produce recog-
nizable differences of sensation; experimental psy-
chology.

psychophysiology (si-ko-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). Physiological
psychology; mental physiology.

psychoplasm (si'-ko-plazm) [psycho-; irXcurtia,
anything formed]. In biology: "The sentient
material out of which all forms of consciousness are
evolved, incessantly fluctuating, incessantly re-
newed." See protyl.

psychoplegic (si-ko-ple'-jik) [psycho-; irk-nyi,, a
blow]. A drug which acts by an elective affinity
for the gray matter of the brain, lessening its ex-
citability and suppressing its receptivity.

psychorrhagia (si-ko-raj'-e-ah) [psycho-; priyvvvai,
to break forth]. The death agony.

psychosensory (si-ko-sen'-so-re) [psycho-; sensory].
Pertaining to or concerned in the conscious per-
ception of sensory impulses.

psychosexual (si-ko-seks'-u-aT). Relating to com-
bined mental and sexual diseases.

psychosin (si-ko'-sin) [ipvxv, mind]. A cerebrosid
resembling sphingosin, occurring in brain-tissue.

psychosis (si-ko'-sis) [psyche; pi., psychoses]. A
A disease of the mind, especially one without demon-
strable organic lesions. Any morbid mental state.
p., Korsakoff's. See Korsakoff.

psychosomatic (si-ko-so-mat'-ik) {psycho-; <rwp.a,
body]. Relating to both soul and body.

psychotherapeutic (si-ko-ther-ap-u'-tik). Pertain-
ing to psychotherapeutics.

psychotherapeutics (si-ko-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [psycho-;
Oepawela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by
mental influence, or by suggestion.

psychotherapy (si-ko-ther'-ap-e) . Same as psycho-
therapeutics.

psychotic (si-kot'-ik). 1. Pertaining to psychosis.
2. Analeptic.

psychovisual (si-ko-vizj'-ii-al). Relating to sub-
jective vision or to vision unaccompanied by stimu-
lation of the retina.

psychovital (si-ko-vi'-tal). Psychic and vital.

psychralgia, psychroalgia (si-kral'-je-ah, si-kro-
al'-je-ah) tyvxpos, cold; 0X70$, pain]. A morbid
condition characterized by a painful subjective sense
of cold.

psychrapostema {si-krap-os'-te-mah) [xpvxpos, cold;
awixTTrjfia, abscess]. Cold abscess.

psychro- (si-kro-) [faxpos, cold]. A prefix meaning
cold.

psychroesthesia (si-kro-es-the'-ze-ah) [psychro-;
aladriais, sensation]. Subjective sensation of cold.

psychrolusia (si-kro-lu' -se-ah) [\pvxpfc, cold; \ovttv,
to wash]. Cold bathing.

psychrometer (si-krom'-et-er) [psychro-; p,krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the
atmospheric moisture by estimating the amount of
cold required to precipitate it.

psychrophilic (si-kro-fil'-ik) [psychro-; <j>i\dv, to
love]. Applied to microorganisms which develop
best at room-temperature from 150 to 200 C.

psychrophobia (si-kro-fo'-be-ah) [psychro-; <f>6fios,
fear]. 1. Morbid dread of cold. 2. Morbid sensi-
bility to cold.

psychrophore (si'-kro-for) [psychro-; <pepeiv, to bear].
An instrument for applying cold to deeply seated
parts, as a double-current catheter for applying cold
to the posterior part of the urethra.

psychrotherapy (si-kro-ther'-ap-e) [psychro-; Bepa-
irela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by the
use of cold.

psydracia (si-dra'-se-ah) [\f/v8pa£, a blister; a pimple].
An old term for eczema.

Pt. Chemical symbol of platinum. Abbreviation
for pint.

ptarmic (tar'-mik) [wrap/ios, a sneezing]. 1. Per-
taining to the act of sneezing; sternutatory. 2. A
substance that produces sneezing.

ptelein (te'-le-in). An alcoholic extract from the
root-bark of Ptelea trifoliata, used as a tonic and in
dyspepsia. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.).

pteleorrhine (tel'-e-or-in) [wreKeo, elm; pis, nose].
A term applied to the anterior nares when the aper-
ture is asymmetric.

ptenium, ptenum (te'-ne-um, te'-num) [-KTrivos,
winged]. A name given to osmium because of its
volatility.

pteric (ter'-ik). Pertaining to the pterion.

pterion (te'-re-on). See under craniometric point.

pterna (ter'-nah) [irrepva, the heel]. The calcaneum.

ptero- (ter'-o-) [irrepov, wing]. A prefix to denote
resemblance to a wing, or wing-shaped.

pterygial (ter-ij'-e-al) [dim. of irrkpvZ, wing]. Per-
taining to a pterygium.

pterygium (ter-ij'-e-um) [dim. of irrepv£, wing].
A triangular patch of mucous membrane growing
on the conjunctiva, usually on the nasal side of the
eye. The apex of the patch points toward the pupil,
the fan-shaped base toward the canthus.

pterygo- (ter'-ig-o-) [irrkpvt, a wing]. A prefix
denoting connection with or relating to the pterygoid
process.

pterygoid (ter'-ig-oid) [irrepv£, wing; elSos, like].
1. Wing-shaped, as the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
bone. 2. Pertaining to the pterygoid canal, ptery-
goid plate, pterygoid plexus, etc. p. fossa, the notch
separating the external and internal plates of the
pterygoid process of the sphenoid. See muscles,
table of.

pterygoma (ter-ig-o'-mah) [pterygo-; 6p,a, tumor].
1. A chronic swelling of the labia minora which
interferes with coitus. 2. The lobe of the ear.

pterygomaxillary (ter-ig-o-maks'-il-a-re) [pterygoid ;
maxillary]. Pertaining to the pterygoid process and
the maxilla, p. fissure, an elongated fissure formed
by the divergence of the superior maxillary bone
from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone.
p. ligament. See ligament, pterygomaxillary.

pterygopalatine (ter-ig-o-pal'-at-in) [pterygoid ; pala-
tine]. Situated between the pterygoid plate of the
sphenoid bone and the palate bone, as the pterygo-
palatine canal.

pterygopharyngeus (ter-ig-o-far-in'-je-us) [pterygo- ;
pharynx], 1. Synonym of palatopharyngeus. 2. The
part of the superior constrictor of the pharynx which
arises from the internal pterygoid plate.

pterygospinous (ter-ig-o-spi'-nus) [pterygo-; spino-
sus, spinous]. Pertaining to a pterygoid process
and to the spine of the sphenoid.

pterygotemporal (ter-ig-o-tem' -po-ral) [pterygo- ;
tempus, temple]. Pertaining to the pterygoid pro-
cess and the temporal bone.

ptiloma (ti-lo'-mah) [-wtLXov, down]. The part of
the eyelid deprived of its cilia by ptilosis.

ptilosis (ti-lo'-sis) [tttLKov, feather]. Loss of the
hair, especially loss of the eyelashes.

ptisan (tiz'-an) [irTLaavrj, peeled barley]. 1. Barley-
water. 2. A decoction of barley used as a medicinal
drink. Syn., tisane.

ptoma (to'-mah) [irrup-a]. Cadaver.

ptomaine (to'-ma-en, or to'-man) [irT&iia, corpse].
A basic compound resembling the alkaloids, formed
by the action of bacteria on animal and vegetable
tissues; a putrefactive or animal alkaloid. Some
ptomaines are highly poisonous.

ptomainemia, ptomainaemia (to-ma-in-e'-me-ah)
[ptomaine; alp.a, blood]. The presence of ptomaines
in the blood.

PTOMATINE

728

PULLED ELBOW

ptomatine (to' -mat- en). Synonym of ptomaine.

ptomatinuria (to-mat-in-u'-re-ah) [ptomaine; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of ptomaines in the urine.

ptomatopsia {to-mat-op' -se-ah) [pioma; 6\{/is, view].
The examination of the cadaver; necropsy.

ptomatropine (to-maf -ro-pen) . A ptomaine found
in decomposing meat, in the organs of persons dead of
typhoid fever, etc. It resembles atropine in its
ohysiological and chemical properties.

ptomatropism (to-mat' -ro-pizm). See zoolropho-
toxism tropeinicus.

ptosis (to'-sis) [irLtTTeiv, to fall]. Drooping of the
upper eyelid, due to paralysis or atrophy of the
levator palpebral superioris. The term is also
applied to abnormal depression of other organs;
prolapse, p., abdominal, enteroptosis; Glenard's
disease, p. iridis, prolapse of the iris. p. sympa-
thetica, ptosis in connection with paresis of the cervi-
cal sympathetic nerve and associated with miosis
and vasomotor paralysis of the side of the face
affected.

ptotic (tot'-ik). Affected with or pertaining to ptosis.

ptyalagogue (ti-al'-a-gog) [irrvaKov, spittle; £705705,
leading]. A medicine producing an increased flow
of saliva. A sialagogue.

ptyalin (ti'-al-in) [irrvaKov, saliva]. A diastatic
ferment found in saliva, having the property of
converting starch into dextrin and sugar. The
starch first becomes converted into achroodextrin
and erythrodextrin; these by hydration into maltose,-
and the latter, by further hydration, into dextrose.

ptyalinogen (ti-al-in'-o-jen) [ptyalin; yewav, to
produce]. The hypothetical antecedent of ptyalin.

ptyalism, p., mercurial (ti'-al-izm) [irrvaKov,
saliva]. Salivation.

ptyalith (ti'-al-ith) [irrvaKov, saliva; At0os, stone].
A salivary calculus.

ptyalize (ti'-al-lz) [irrvaKov, saliva]. To produce
ptyalism.

ptyalocele (ti'-al-o-sel) [irrvaKov, saliva; k^Ai?,
tumor]. A cyst due to obstruction of the duct of a
salivary gland.

ptyalogogue (ti-al'-o-gog) [irrvaKov, spittle; 470765,
leading]. A medicine causing a flow of saliva.

ptyalolith (ti'-al-o-lith) [irrvaKov, saliva; Xi'0os,
stone]. A salivary calculus.

ptyalolithiasis (ti-al-o-lith-i'-as-is). The formation
or presence of a salivary calculus.

ptyalose (ti'-al-os) [irrvaKov, saliva]. A sugar
found in saliva; it is identical with maltose.

ptysis (ti'-sis) [tttwis]. The act of spitting.

ptysma (tiz'-mah) [wrva-fia]. Saliva.

ptysmagogue (tiz'-mag-og) [irrvo-na, spittle; 670)765,
leading]. A drug that promotes the secretion of
saliva; a ptyalagogue, or sialagogue.

ouben (pu'-ben) [pubes]. Belonging to the pubes
in itself.

puber (pii'-bur) [L., an adult]. One who has
arrived at the age of puberty.

puberal (pu'-ber-al) [puber,' adult]. Relating to
puberty.

pubertas (pu-ber'-tas) [L.]. Puberty, p. plena,
complete puberty, p. praecox, puberty at a very
early age.

puberty (pu'-ber-te) [pubertas, from puber, adult].
1. The period at which the generative organs become
capable of exercising the function of reproduction,
signalized in the boy by a change of voice and
discharge of semen, in the girl by the appearance of
the menses.

pubes (pii'-bez) [L.]. 1. The pubic hair. 2. The
hairy region covering the os pubis. 3. The os pubis
or pubic bone; that portion of the innominate bone
forming the front of the pelvis.

pubescence (pu-bes'-ens) [pubescentia]. 1. Hairi-
ness; the presence of fine soft hairs. 2. Puberty,
or the coming on of puberty.

pubescent (pu-bes'-ent) [pubes], .1. Downy, or
hairy. 2. Approaching or arriving at the age of
puberty, p. uterus, an abnormality of the uterus in
which the characters of that organ peculiar to the
epoch preceding puberty persist in the adult.

pubetrotomy (pu-be-trot'-o-me) [pubes; r^rpov, pelvis;
tomi7, a cutting]. Pelvic section through the pubes.

pubic (pu'-bik) [pubes]. Pertaining to the pubes.
p. bone, the os pubis.

pubiotomy (pu-be-ot'-o-me) [pubes; tow, a cutting].
The operation of dividing the pubic bone to facili-
tate delivery in cases of pelvic malformation. See
also symphyseotomy.

pubis (pii'-bis) [gen. of pubes]. 1. Os pubis; the
pubic bone. 2. One of the pubic hairs.

pubo- (pu'-bo-) [pubes]. A prefix denoting rela-
tion to the pubes.

pubocapsular (pu-bo-kap' -su-lar) . Pertaining to
the os pubis and the capsule of the hip-joint.

pubococcygeal (pu-bo-kok-sij'-e-al). Pertaining, or
having relation to the os pubis and the cocyx.

pubofemoral (pii-bo-fem'-or-al) [pubo-; femur].
Pertaining to the os pubis and the femur.

puboprostatic (pu-bo-pros-tat'-ik) [pubo-; prostate].
Pertaining to the os pubis and the prostate gland.

pubotibial (pu-bo-tib' -e-al) [pubo-; tibia]. Per-
taining to the os pubis and the tibia.

pubovesical (pu-bo-ves'-ik-al) [pubo-; vesica, blad-
der]. Pertaining to the os pubis and bladder.

puccin (puk'-sin). A substance found in San-
guinaria canadensis. Its exact nature is unknown.

pudenda (pu-den'-dah). Plural of pudendum, q. v.

pudendagra (pu-den-da'-grah) [pudenda; ay pa,
a seizure]. 1. Pain in the genital organs. 2. Pri-
mary syphilis, especially of the female genital organs.
p. pruriens, pruritus vulvae.

pudendal (pu-den'-dal) [pudenda]. Pertaining to
the pudenda.

pudendum (pu-den'-dum) [pudere, to be ashamed].
The external genital organs especially of the woman,
generally used in the plural, pudenda, p. muliebre,
the vulva.

pudic (pu'-dik) [pudenda]. Pertaining to the pu-
denda, as the pudic artery.

puericulture (pii-er-e-kul'-tur) [puer, a child;
cultura, culture]. That branch of hygiene which
deals with the rearing of children and the care of
women during pregnancy that they may bring forth
healthy offspring.

puerile (pu'-er-il) [puer, a child]. Pertaining to
childhood. Childish, p. respiration, exaggerated
breath-sounds with expiration prolonged and high-
pitched, such as is heard in healthy children.

puerpera (pu-er'-pe-rah) [puer, child; par ere, to
bear]. A woman who is in labor or has recently been
delivered.

puerperal (pu-er'-pe-ral) [puerpera]. Pertaining
to, caused by, or following childbirth, as puerperal
convulsions, puerperal eclampsia, p. fever, an acute,
febrile disease of women in childbed, due to septic
infection, p. insanity, insanity occurring during the
puerperium, usually within five or ten days after
delivery. It may take the form of mania (puerperal
mania), melancholia (puerperal melancholia), or
dementia {puerperal dementia).

puerperalism (pu-er'-per-al-izm). A comprehen-
sive term for all the pathological conditions incident
to the puerperal state, p., infantile, any pathologic
condition incident to the newborn, p., infectious,
puerperal disease due to infection.

puerperant (pu-er'-per-ant). See puerpera.

puerperium (pu-er-pe'-re-um) [puerpera], 1. The
state of a woman in labor or of one who has just
been delivered. 2. The period from delivery to the
time when the uterus has regained its normal size
which is about six weeks.

puerperous (pu-er'-per-us). Same as puerperal.

puffball. See Lycoperdon.

puffiness (puf'-in-es). Swelling or intumescence
of the tissues; an edematous condition.

pugil, pugillus (pu'-jil, pu-jil'-us) [L.]. A handful.

puking (pu'-king) [origin obscure]. Vomiting.
p. fever. Synonym of milk-sickness.

Pulex (pu'-leks) [L„ flea: pi., pulices]. A genus
of insects partly parasitic on the skin of man and
animals. P. cheopis, the rat flea, supposed to convey
the plague infection from rats to man. P. fasciatus,
the rat flea. P. irritans, a species common in Europe
and parasitic on the skin of man; its bite causes
severe itching and localized swelling. P. penetrans,
the chigoe, or jigger-flea, a species the female of
which burrows under the skin of the feet to deposit
its ova, producing a severe irritation that may pro-
ceed to serious inflammations.

pulicaris (pu-lik-a'-ris) [pulex]. Marked with
little spots like flea-bites, p. morbus, a name for
typhus, applied because of the petechias which occur
in that disease.

pulicatio (pu-lik-a'-she-o) [pulex, flea]. The state
of being infested with fleas.

pulled elbow (puld el' -bo). A condition in which
the head of the radius has been dislodged from the
orbicular ligament.

PULLING

729

PULSE

pulling (pul'-ing). One of the Swedish movements
that may be either active or passive.

pullulate (pul'-u-lat) [pullulare, to put forth].
To' germinate, to bud.

pullulation (pul-u-la' -shun) [pullulare, to put forth;
to bud ; to sprout]. The act of sprouting or budding,
a mode of reproduction seen, e. g., in the yeast-
plant.

pulmo (pul'-mo) [L.: pi., pulmones}. Lung.

pulmoaortic (pul-mo-a-or'-tik) [pulmo; aorta]. I.
Pertaining to the lungs and the aorta. 2. Pertaining
to the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

pulmometer (pul-mom'-et-er). An instrument for
measuring the lung capacity; a spirometer.

pulmometry {pul-mom'-et-re) [pulmo; fxkrpov, mea-
sure]. The determination of the volume of the lungs;
spirometry.

pulmonary {pul'-mon-a-re) [pulmot a lung]. Per-
taining to or affecting the lungs, as pulmonary
arteries, pulmonary emphysema.

pulmonectomy (pul-mon-ek' -to-me) . See pneu-
monectomy.

pulmonic (pul-mon'-ik) [pulmonary], 1. Pertaining
to the lungs; pulmonary. 2. Pertaining to the
pulmonary artery, as pulmonic valves. 3. Pro-
duced at the pulmonic valve, as pulmonic murmur.
p. circulation, the passage of the blood from the
right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left
auricle, p. fever, croupous pneumonia.

pulmonin (puV -man-in). An organo therapeutic
preparation made from calves' lungs, and used in
pulmonary affections.

pulmonitis (pul-mon-i'-tis). Synonym of pneu-
monia.

pulmotor (pul-mo'-tor) [pulmo, lung; motor]. An
apparatus for resuscitating persons who have been
asphyxiated ; it expels the gas from the lungs, intro-
duces oxygen, and automatically establishes artificial
respiration.

pulp [pulp]. 1. The soft, fleshy part of fruit.
2. The soft part in the interior of an organ, as the
pulp of the spleen, the pulp of a tooth. 3. Chyme.
p.-cavity, the hollow space in a tooth containing the
dental pulp, p.-cells, cells found in the pulp-tissue
of any organ, p., dental, a soft tissue filling the
pulp-cavity of a tooth. It consists of loose connective
tissue and cells, vessels, and nerves. Also the rudi-
ment of a tooth, p., digital, the sensitive, elastic,
convex prominence on the palmar or plantar surface
of the terminal phalanx of a finger or toe. p. of the
finger. See p., digital, p., hair. Synonym of
papilla, hair. p. of the intervertebral discs, the soft
substance in the center of the intervertebral discs,
the remains of the chorda dorsalis. p., spleen, p.,
splenic, the substance filling the spaces formed by
the trabeculae of the spleen. See spleen, p. of a
tooth. See p., dental.

pulpar (pul'-par). Pertaining to pulp.

pulpation (pulp-a'-shun) . See pulpef action.

pulpefaction (pul-pe-fak'-shun) [pulp; facer e, to
make]. Conversion into a pulpy substance.

pulpitis (pul-pi'-tis) [pulp; tris, inflammation].
Inflammation of the dental pulp.

pulpy (pul'-pe) [pulp]. Resembling pulp; charac-
teiized by the formation of a substance resembling
pulp.

pulque (pul'-ke) [Sp.]. A fermented beverage
prepared in Mexico from the juice of various species
of Agave, p. brandy. See mezcal. p. plant. See
Agave.

pulsate (pul'-sat) [pulsare, to beat]. To beat or
throb.

pulsatile (pul'-sat-iV) [pulsare, to strike]. Pulsat-
ing; throbbing.

Pulsatilla (pul-sat-iV -ah) [L.]. The herb of Ane-
mone Pulsatilla and of Anemone pratensis, of the
order Ranunculacece, containing a crystalline prin-
ciple, anemonin, C15H12O3. Pulsatilla is employed
in amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and in inflammation
of mucous membranes. Anemonin is used in bron-
chitis and asthma. Dose £ gr. (0.022 Gm.). Dose
of Pulsatilla in powder 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.).

pulsating (pul'-sa-ting) [see pulsation]. Exhibiting
pulsation, p. aorta, the pulsation of the abdominal
aorta seen in nervous and anemic persons, p.
empyema, an accumulation of pus in the pleural
cavity that transmits the pulsations of the heart.

pulsation (pul-sa'-shun) [pulsatio, from pulsare,
to strike]. A beating or throbbing, p., suprasternal,
pulsation at the suprasternal notch. It may be

due to aneurysm, a dilated aortic arch, or the presence
of an anomalous artery.

pulse, pulsus (puis, puls'-us) [pulsus, the pulse].

1. The intermittent change in the shape of an
artery due to an increase in the tension of its walls
following the contraction of the heart. The pulse is
usually counted at the wrist (radial pulse), but may
be taken over any artery that is palpable, as the
temporal, brachial, femoral, dorsalis pedis, etc.

2. [tt6\tos, a thick pap made of meal.] Leguminous
plants or their seeds, as beans, peas, etc. p., alter-
nating, pulsus alternans, a variety in which a large
pulsation alternates with a small one. p., anacrotic,
one the sphygmographic tracing of which is charac-
terized by notches in the ascending limb, p., anatri-
crotic, one with three breaks in the ascending limb.
p., angry. Synonym of p., wiry, p., ardent, one
with a quick, full wave which seems to strike the
finger at a single point, p., bigeminal, pulsus bi-
geminus, one in which the beats occur in pairs, so
that the longer pause follows every two beats, p.-
breath, a peculiar audible pulsation of the breath
corresponding to the heart-beats ; observed in cases of
dry cavities of the lungs, with thick walls not separ-
ated from the heart by permeable lung tissue, p.,
capillary, an intermittent filling and emptying of the
capillaries of the skin. It is common in aortic
regurgitation, and is seen under the finger-nail or
on the forehead, pulsus celer, a quick, short pulse.
p., caprizant, goat-leap pulse, q. v. p., catacrotic,
one with an elevation in the line of descent in the
sphygmographic tracing, pulsus celer et altus, a
quick, full pulse, seen especially in aortic regurgita-
tion, p., contracted, a small pulse with high tension.
p.-clock, a sphygmograph. p., cordy, a tense pulse.
p., Corrigan's. See Corrigan's pulse, p.-curve, the
tracing of the pulse, called a sphygmogram, made by
the sphygmograph. p., decurtate, a progressively
decreasing pulse, p., depressed, a pulse both deep
and weak, p., dicrotic, one in which the dicrotic
wave or recoil wave is exaggerated. It is observed
when the arterial tension is low, and gives to the
finger the impression of two beats, p., entoptic,
the subjective illumination of a dark visual field
with each heart-beat, a condition sometimes noted
after violent exercise, and due to the mechanical
irritation of the rods by the pulsating retinal arteries.
p., febrile, that characteristic of fever: full, soft, and
frequent, and exhibiting a well-marked dicrotism.
p., formicant, a small, feeble pulse likened to the move-
ments of ants, p., frequent, pulsus frequens, one
recurring at short intervals and differing from a
quick pulse, in which the pulse-wave has a quick
rise, p., full, one in which the artery is filled with
a large volume of blood and conveys a feeling of
being distended, p., funic, the arterial tide in the
umbilical cord, p., gaseous, a full, compressible
pulse, p., goat-leap, a pulse marked by a weak
pulsation succeeding a strong one. p., hard, one
characterized by high tension and rigidity, p.,
high-tension, one due to increase of the peripheral
resistance, together with a corresponding increase in
the force of the ventricular systole. It is gradual
in its impulse, long in duration, slow in subsiding,
with difficulty compressible, and the artery between
the beats feels like a firm round cord, p., hyperdi-
crotic, p., hyperdicrotous, a pulse of which the aortic
notch falls below the base line, indicating very low
tension, a symptom of great exhaustion, p., infre-
quent, one the rhythm of which is slower than normal;
*'. e., in which the heart-beats are fewer in a given
time than normal, p., intermittent, one in which
one or more beats are dropped, p., intricate, an
irregular, small, infrequent pulse, p., irregular,
one in which the beats occur at irregular intervals,
or in which the force, or both rhythm and force,
varies, p., jarring. See p., vibrating, p., jerky,
a pulse in which the artery is suddenly and markedly
distended, as in aortic regurgitation, p., jugular,
pulsation of the jugular veins in the neck. It is due
to tricuspid regurgitation, p., locomotive. Syno-
nym of Corrigan's pulse, p., low-tension, one
sudden in its onset, short, and quickly declining. It
is easily obliterated by pressure, p., monocrotic,
one in which dicrotism is entirely absent, p., para-
doxic, pulsus paradoxus, one that is weaker during
inspiration, a condition sometimes observed in
adherent pericardium, p., polycrotic, one with more
than two rhythms for each heart beat, p.-pressure,
the difference between the systolic and diastolic

PULSELESS

730

PUPIL

pressure, pulsus quadrigeminus, p. trigeminus, a
pulse in which a pause occurs after every fourth or
third beat respectively, p., quick, one that strikes
the finger rapidly, but also leaves it rapidly, p.-
rate, the number of pulsations of an artery in a
minute, p., retrosternal, a venous pulse believed
to be due to the pulsation of the left innominate vein,
perceived on depressing the integument of the
suprasternal notch, p., running, a very weak,
frequent pulse with low tension in the arteries, one
pulse-wave running into the next with no apparent
interval; it is observed after hemorrhage, p., senile,
one characteristic of old age. The secondary
waves on the descending line of the sphygmogram
are prominent and the first descending wave rela-
tively large, p., shabby, an ill-defined pulse due to
weak heart and relaxed arteries, p., shuttle, one
in which the wave passes under the finger as if
floating something solid with a fluid, p., slow, one
indicating a lengthened systolic contraction of the
heart and prolonged diastole — often used to signify
a pulse of slow rate, p., soft, a pulse that is readily
compressed, p., supradicrotic, a dicrotic pulse in
which the dicrotic wave resembles the cardiac beat,
pulsus tardus, a slow pulse, p., thready, one that is
scarcely perceptible, feeling like a thread under the
finger, p., tricrotic, a pulse in which the three
waves normally present are abnormally distinct.
p., venous, a pulse observed in a vein, p., vermicu-
lar, a pulse imitating the movement of a worm, p.,
vibrating, pulsus vibrans, a tense pulse with a wave
arising quickly, giving the impression under the finger
of the vibrations of a piece of tense catgut, p.,
water-hammer. See Corrigan's pulse, p. wave, the
condition of expansion that begins with each cardiac
systole and is propagated along the aorta and the
arteries ending normally at the capillaries, p., wiry,
a small rapid, tense pulse, feeling like a cord under
the finger. It is observed in acute peritonitis.

pulseless (puls'-les). Devoid of pulse or pulsa-
tion.

pulsellum (pul-sel'-um) [pulsellum, dim. of pulsus,
a beating: pi., pulsella]. A propulsive filament; a
modified form of flagellum.

pulsimeter {pul-sim'-et-er) [pulse; tikrpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for determining the rate or
force of the pulse.

pulsometer (pul-som'-et-er). Same as pulsimeter.

pulsus (pul'-sus). A pulse, q. v.

pultaceous (pul-ta'-shus) [pulp]. Having the
consistence of pulp; mushy; soft.

pulv. Abbreviation of Latin pulvis, powder.

pulver (pul'-ver). See pulvis.

pulveres (pul'-ver-ez). Plural of pulvis.

pulverfiator (pul-ver-fla'-tor) [pulvis, powder;
flare, to blow]. An instrument designed for blowing
or spraying impalpable powders.

pulverization (pul-ver-i-za'-shun) [pulvis, powder].
The act of reducing a substance to powder.

pulverize (pul'-ver-iz) [pulvis, powder]. To reduce
to a powder.

pulverulence (pul-ver'-u-lenz). The condition of
being reduced to powder.

pulverulent (pul-ver'-u-lent). Resembling or of
the nature of a powder.

pulvillus (pul-vil'-us) [L., "a little cushion"]. An
olive-shaped pad of lint used in plugging deep wounds.

pulvinar (pul-vi'-nar) [L., "couch"], i. The
posterior tubercle of the thalamus opticus. 2. The
fatty mass that occupies a part of the acetabulum.
3. A surgical pad. 4. A medicated cushion.

pulvinate {pul '-vin-at) [pulvinus, a cushion]. 1.
With a convex surface said of bacterial cultures.
2. Same as pulvinar.

pulvis [L.; pi., pulveres]. A powder, p. acetanilidi
compositus (U. S. P.), a mixture of acetanilid, caffeine,
and sodium bicarbonate, p. aromaticus (U. S. P.),
a mixture of cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and carda-
mom seeds; used as a carminative. Dose 10-30 gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). p. cretae compositus (U. S. P.),
consists of prepared chalk, powdered acacia, and
sugar, and is used as a mild astringent. Dose 10 gr.-
1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). p. effervescens compositus
(U. S. P.), Seidlitz powder, a preparation consisting
of two powders: the white paper contains 35 gr.
of tartaric acid, the blue paper, 40 gr. of sodium
bicarbonate and 2 dr. of Rochelle salt. p. glycyr-
rhizas compositus (U. S. P.), consists of senna, licorice,
oil of fennel, washed sulphur, sugar; it is used as a
laxative. Dose 5-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). p. ipecacuanhas

et opii (U. S. P.). See opium, powder of ipecac and.
p. jalapae compositus (U. S. P.), consists of jalap,
35 parts; potassium bitartrate, 65 parts; it is used
as a hydragogue cathartic. Dose f-i dr. (2-4 Gm.).
p. morphinae compositus (U. S. P.), consists of
morphine sulphate, camphor, glycyrrhiza, precipi-
tated calcium carbonate, and alcohol. Dose 7! gr.
(0.5 Gm.). p. rhei compositus (U. S. P.), consists of
rhubarb, magnesia, and ginger; it is used as a mild
laxative. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Gm.).

pumex (pu'-meks) [spumex, foam]. See pumice.

pumice {pum'-is) [pumex]. Pumice-stone, used
as a detergent for the skin and an ingredient in some
dentifrices.

pumiline (pu'-mil-en). The oil from the young
branches of Pinus pumilio.

pump. An apparatus either drawing up a liquid
into its hollow chamber, or, after sucking up the
liquid, forcibly ejecting it from one end. p., air-,
one used to exhaust the air from a chamber or to
force more air into a chamber already filled with air.
p., Alvegniat's. See under Alvegniat. p., breast-,
a pump for removing milk from the breast, p.,
dental, one for removing saliva during dental opera-
tions, p., stomach-, one for removing the contents
of the stomach in cases of poisoning.

pumpkin-seed. The seed of Cucurbita pepo of the
order Cucurbitacecs. The seed pepo (U. S. P.) is
used against tape-worm. Dose 4 oz. (130 Cc).

puncta (punk'-tah) [pi. of punctum, a point]. See
punctum. p. dolorosa, tender or painful points
at the exit or in the course of nerves the seat of
neuralgia; also called Valeix's points, p. lacrimalia,
the orifices of the lacrimal canaliculi in the eyelids
near the inner canthus. p. vasculosa, minute
red spots studding the cut surface of the white
central mass of the brain. They are produced by
the blood escaping from divided blood-vessels.

punctate, punctated (punk'-tat, punk' -ta-ted) [punc-
tum, point]. Dotted; full of minute punctures.

puncticulum (punk-tik'-u-lum) [dim. of punctum,
a point; pi., puncticula]. A small point; petechia.

punctiform (punk'-tif-orm) [punctum, point; forma,
form], 1. Having the nature or qualities of a
point; seeming to be located at a point; as a puncti-
form sensation. 2. Denoting very minute colonies,
in bacteriology.

punctum (punk'-tum) [L.]. A point, p. caecum.
See blind spot. p. lacrimale. See puncta lacrimalia.
p. proximum. See near-point, p. remotum. See
far-point, p. saliens, the first trace of the embryonic
heart.

puncture (punk'-chur) [pungere, to prick] ._ 1. A
hole made by a pointed instrument, p., diabetic,
puncture of the fourth ventricle, which produces
glycosuria, p., exploratory, the puncture of a cyst
or cavity for removal of a portion of its contents for
examination, p., lumbar, puncture of the spinal
canal for the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid for
examination or for the relief of abnormal tension;
first suggested by Quincke, p., spinal. See p.,
lumbar.

punctured (punk'-turd) [puncture]. Produced by
a prick, as a punctured wound.

pungent (pun'-jent) [pungere, to prick]. Acrid;
penetrating; producing a pricking or painful sensa-
tion.

Punica (pu'-nik-ah) [punicum, the pomegranate].
A genus of polypelatous plants. P. granatum. See
pomegranate.

puniceous (pu-nish'-us) [puniceus, red]. Bright-
carmin color.

punicin (pii'-nis-in) [puniceus, reddish]. 1. A
crystalline coloring-matter obtained from the color-
less juices of certain kinds of shell-fish (Purpura
lapellus, P. patula); on exposure to the sunlight it
becomes of a purple color.

punicine (pu'-nis-eri) . Synonym of pelletierine%

punktograph (punk'-to-graf) [punctum, point;
ypa4>eiv, to record]. A radiographic instrument for
the surgical localization of foreign bodies, as bullets
embedded in the tissues.

pupa (pu'-pah) [pupa, a girl, doll, puppet: pi.,
pupa]. In biology, the second stage of development
from the egg, of such insects as undergo complete
metamorphosis.

pupal (pu'-pal) [pupa, a doll]. Pertaining to a
pupa.

pupil (pu'-pil) [pupilla, a little girl; the name
is believed to be derived from the small images seen

PUPILLA1

731

PUS

in the pupil]. The aperture in the iris of the eye
for the passage of light, p., Argyll Robertson. See
Argyll Robertson pupil, p., artificial, an aperture
made by iridectomy when the normal pupil is oc-
cluded, p., cat's-eye, an elongated, slit-like pupil.
p., multiple, the presence of bands dividing the pupil
into several portions due to persistence of portions
of the fetal pupillary membrane, p., pinhole, ex-
treme miosis.

pupilla (pu-pil'-ah) [L.]. The pupil of the eye.

pupillary (pii'-pil-a-re) [pupil]. Pertaining to
the pupil, p. membrane. See membrane, pupillary.
p. membrane, persistent. See under membrane,
pupillary, p. reflex. See under reflex.

pupillometer (pu-pil-om'-et-er) [pupil]. An instru-
ment for measuring the pupil of the eye.

pupilloscopy (pu-pil-os'-ko-pe) [pupil; o-Ko-rrelv, to
inspect], i. Examination of the pupil. 2. Retino-
scopy.

pupillostatometer (pu-pil-o-stat-om'-e-ter) [pupilla,
pupil; o-rdros, placed; ukrpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment for measuring the exact distance between the
centers of the two pupils.

pural (pu'-ral). Trade name of a disinfecting
agent consisting of powdered wood charcoal, saturated
with a mixture of menthol, carbolic and benzoic
acids, and compressed into cylinders, which are
ignited for disinfection.

Purdy's solution (pur'-de) [Charles Wesley Purdy,
American physician, 1846-1901]. A modification
of Fehling's solution for the quantitative estimation
of glucose. Solution I: pure crystallized copper
sulphate, 4.158 gm.; distilled water, q. s. ad 500 c.c.
Solution II: Rochelle salt, 20.4 gm.; pure potassium
hydroxide, 20.4 gm.; ammonium hydroxide (sp. gr.
0.88), 300 c.c; distilled water, q. s. ad 500 c.c.
Mix 5 c.c. of each solution and this mixture will
indicate 0.005 gm. of glucose.

pure (pur). Unstained; unalloyed.

purgament, purgamentum (per'-gam-ent, per-gam-
en'-tum) [pur gar e, to purge: pi., purgamenta]. 1. A
purge. 2. In the plural, the lochia; also, excrement.

purgatin, purgatol (pur'-ga-tin, -ol). See anthra-
purpurin^ diacetate.

t purgation (pur-ga'-shun) [purge]. 1. The evacua-
tion of the bowels by means of purgatives. 2. Cleans-
ing.

purgative {pur'-ga-tiv) [purge]. 1. Producing pur-
gation. 2. A drug producing copious evacuations
of the bowel.

purge (pur 3) [pur gar e, to purge]. 1. To cause free
evacuation of the bowel. 2. A drug that causes
free evacuation of the bowel.

purgen (pur'-jen). See phenolphthalein.

purgerine (pur'-jer-en). A proprietary syrup of
senna ; laxative.

purging nut. Curcas, the seed of Jatropha purgans
or J. curcas, having cathartic properties. Syn.,
Barbados nut.

purified (pu'-rif-id) [purus, pure; facer e, to make].
Cleansed ; freed from extraneous matter.

puriform (pu' -re-form) [pus; forma, form]. Re-
sembling pus.

purin (pu'-rin). A synthesized substance (C5H4N4)
from which may be derived a series of compounds
known as xanthin bases, and uric acid, p.-bases,
p.-bodies, those derived from purin by simple
substitution of the various hydrogen atoms by
hydroxyl, amide, or alkyl groups; e. g., adenin, hypo-
xanthin, guanin, xanthin, and the methylxanthins,
theobromine, caffeine, etc., together with uric acid.
p.s, endogenous, those originating from nuclein
cleavage during metabolic processes, p.s, exogenous,
those derived from the purin-bodies of food-stuffs.

purinemia, purinaemia (pu-rin-e'-me-ah) [purin;
aly.o., blood]. The presence of purin bodies in the
blood.

purinometer (pu-rin-om' -et-er) [purin; ukrpov, a
measure]. An apparatus consisting of a graduated
separator with a uniform bore for the clinical esti-
mation of urinary purins.

Purkinje's cells (poor-kin' -ye) [Johannes Evan-
gelista Purkinje, Bohemian anatomist and physi-
ologist, 1787-1869]. Large ganglion-cells of the
cerebellar cortex, disposed as a single row at the
junction of the nuclear and the molecular layer,
and presenting pyriform or flask-shaped bodies,
60-70 n in their longest diameter. P.'s corpuscles,
the lacuna? of bone. P.'s fibers, anastomosing mus-
cular fibers found in the subendocardial tissue of

some animals. They are made up of polyhedral
nucleated cells, the margins of which consist of fine,
transversely striated fibers. P.'s figures, the dark
lines which are seen on a yellow back-ground when a
candle is held a short distance from the eye in a
darkened room. They are produced by the retinal
vessels. P.'s granular layer. See Czermak's inter-
globular spaces. P.'s images, three pairs of images
of one object seen in an observed pupil: the first,
erect, reflected from the anterior surface of the
cornea; the second, erect, reflected from the anterior
surface of the lens; the third, inverted, reflected
from the posterior capsule of the lens. P.'s net-
work, the network of beaded fibers (Purkinje's
fibers) visible to the naked eye in the subendocardial
tissue of the ventricles. P.'s vesicle, the germinal
vesicle.

Purkinje-Sanson's images (poor-kin' -ye san'-sun).
See Purkinje's images.

puro (pu'-ro). A meat-juice, made by expression
of the meat. It contains 21 % of unchanged albumin.

puroform (pu'-ro-form). A proprietary antiseptic
and disinfectant said to be a combination of zinc
and formaldehyde, thymol, menthol, and eucalyptol.

purohepatitis (pu-ro-hep-at-i'-tis) [pus; yirap, liver;
ins, inflammation]. Purulent hepatitis.

puromucous (pii-ro-mu'-kus) [pus; mucus]. Puru-
lent and mucous.

puronal (pil'-ron-al). A proprietary antiseptic
compound said to contain acetanilid, 97.22 %, and
bismuth subiodide, 2.35 %.

purple, visual. See rhodopsin.

purples (pur'-plz) [purpureus, purple]. 1. A
popular name for purpura; also, 2. for petechial spots.
3. Swine fever.

purposive (pur'-po-siv). Functional; not vestigial,
and not rudimentary; regarded as fulfilling an end
or purpose in the economy, p. acts, those acts per-
formed with the consent of the will.

purpura (pur' -pur -ah) [L.]. A disease charac-
terized by hemorrhages into the skin, taking the
form of petechias, macules, or large patches. It
may occur as an independent affection, or be sympto-
matic of other diseases, p. fulminans, a grave form
of purpura developing in young children as a sequel
to acute infectious diseases. It is of short dura-
tion, is marked by extensive extravasations, grave
constitutional symptoms, and usually ends fatally.
p. haemorrhagica, a systemic disease with marked
constitutional symptoms, followed by an eruption
of hemorrhagic petechias upon the legs, and ex-
tending in successive crops over the whole body-
surface, coalescing to form extensive irregular
ecchymotic patches or even raised bloody tumors.
Hemorrhages may take place from the mucous sur-
faces or into the serous cavities. Syn., land-scurvy ;
morbus maculosus Werlhofii; Werlhof's disease.
p. rheumatica, a form with fever and rheumatic
pains, p. simplex, the mildest degree of purpura.
p. urticans. See urticaria hcemorrhagica.

purpuraceous (pur-pu-ra'-se-us) [purpura, purple].
Of a purple color.

purpuric (pur-pu'-rik) [purpura]. Pertaining to
or resembling purpura.

purpuriferous (pur-pu-rif -ur-us) [purpura, purple;
ferre, to bear]. Producing a purple pigment.

purpurin (pur'-pu-rin) [purpura], ChHsOs. i. A
dye present with alizarin in madder-root, but also
prepared artificially. 2. Uroerythrin, a red coloring-
matter sometimes present in urinary deposits.

purpurinuria (pur-pu-rin-u' -re-ah) . The excretion
of purpurin in the urine; porphyruria.

purr (pur) . A low murmur.

purring thrill. A fine trembling vibration like
the purring of a cat, perceived by palpation over
the precordium. It may be due to aneurysm or to
valvular heart lesion, especially mitral stenosis.

purulence (pur' -u-lens) [pus]. The state of being
purulent; suppuration.

purulent (pur'-u-lent) [pus]. Having the character
of or containing pus; characterized by the formation
of pus. p. catarrh, an inflammation of a mucous
membrane accompanied by the production of pus.
p. edema, a general infiltration of pus together with
much fluid.

puruloid (pur'-u-loid) [pus; eidos, like]. Re-
sembling pus; puriform.

pus [L.]. A liquid substance consisting of cells
and an albuminous fluid (liquor puris), formed in
certain kinds of inflammation. See Donne's lest.

PUSTULA MALIGNA

732

PYGODIDYMUS

p., blue, pus colored blue by Bacillus pyocyaneus.
p.-corpuscles, the corpuscles found in pus. p.,
curdy, pus containing cheesy-looking flakes, p.,
ichorous, pus that is thin and acrid, p., laudable,
a whitish, inodorous pus, formerly thought to be
essential to the healing of wounds, p., orange, pus
colored by the presence of hematoidin crystals, p.,
sanious, pus mixed with blood, p.-tube. See
pyosalpinx.

pustula maligna (pus-tii'-lah ma-lig'-nah). An-
thrax.

pustulant (pus'-tu-lant) [pustule], i. Causing the
formation of pustules. 2. An irritant substance
giving rise to the formation of. pustules.
» pustular (pus'-tu-lar) [pustule]. Characterized by
the presence Of pustules.

pustulation (pus-tu-W -shun) [pustule]. The for-
mation of pustules.

pustule (pus'-tul) [pustula, a pustule]. A small
circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus.
p., malignant', anthrax.

pustuliform (pus'-tu-lif-orm) [pustula, forma, form].
Resembling a pustule.

pustulocrustaceous (pus-tu-lo-krus-ta'-shus) [pus-
tule; crusta, crust]. Characterized by the formation
of pustules and crusts.

pustuloderma (pus-tu-lo-der'-mah) [pustule; Sepua,
the skin]. Any skin disease characterized by the
formation of pustules.

pustulose, pustulous (pus'-tu-los, pus'-tu-los)
[pustula, pustule]. Characterized by pustules.

pusula (pus'-u-lah) [L.]. 1. Pustule. 2. Ery-

putamen (pu-ta'-men) [L., "a husk"]. The outer
darker part of the lenticular nucleus of the brain.

Putnam-Dana's symptom-complex [James Jack-
son Putnam, American neurologist, 1846- ;
Charles Loomis Dana, American neurologist, 1852-
]. Combined sclerosis of the lateral and pos-
terior columns of the spinal cord.

Putnam's sign (put'-nam) [James Jackson Putnam,
American neurologist, 1846- ]. Absolute in-
crease of measurements from the anterior superior
iliac spine to the internal malleolus; it is observed in
hysterical hip disease.

putrefaction (pu-tre-fak'-shun) [putrid; facer e, to
make]. The decomposition of nitrogenous organic
matter under the influence of microorganisms,
accompanied by the development of disagreeable
odors, due to the evolution of ammonia, hydrogen
sulphide, and other gases, and the production of
aromatic bodies. In addition, many other compounds
are formed, among which ptomaines are the most
important. The end-products are water, nitrogen,
methane, and carbon dioxide.

putrefactive (pu-tre-fak'-tiv) [see putrefaction].
Pertaining to or causing putrefaction, p. alkaloid,
a ptomaine.

putrescence (pu-tres'-ens) [putrescere, to become
rotten]. The state or process of putrefaction.

putrescent (pu-tres'-ent) [see putrescence]. Under-
going putrefaction.

putrescentia (pu-lres-en'-she-ah). See putrescence.
p. uteri, the severest form of puerperal endometritis,
with sanious ulceration of the wall of the uterus
extending to the peritoneum.

putrescibility (pu-tres-e-biV -it-e) [putrescere, to
grow rotten]. Capacity for undergoing putrefaction.

putrescine (pu-tres'-in) [see putrescence], C4H12N2.
Tetramethylenediamine. A poisonous ptomaine, a
clear, rather thin liquid, of a disagreeable odor,
boiling at I56°-I57° C.

putrid (pu'-trid) [putridus, rotten]. Rotten; char-
acterized by putrefaction, p. fever. Synonym of
typhus.

putrify (pu'-tre-fi) [putrefacere, to putrefy]. To
render putrid.

putrilage (pu'-tril-aj) [putrid]. Putrescent mater-
ial.

putrilaginous (pu-tril-aj'-in-us) [putrid]. Gan-
grenous.

putromaine (pu-tro-ma'-in). A ptomaine de-
veloped in putrefactive processes.

pyaemia (pi-e'-me-ah). See pyemia.

pyapostasis (pi-ap-os'-tasis) [ttvov, pus; biroo-rao-is,
a standing off]. Metastasis of pus.

pyarthrosis (pi-ar-thro'-sis) [irvov, pus; apdpov, a
joint]. Suppuration of a joint.

pycnocardia (pik-no-kar'-de-ah) [ttvkvos, frequent;
Kapdia, heart]. See tachycardia.

pycnometer (pik-nom'-et-er) [ttvkvos, thick; fikrpov,
measure]. 1. An instrument for the determination
of the specific gravity of fluids. 2. An instrument
for the measurement of the thickness of objects.

pycnomorphous, pyknomorphous (pik-no-morf'-us)
[ttvkvos, thick; p.op<ja), form]. Applied to nerve-cells
in which the stained parts of the cell-body are com-
pactly arranged.

pycnophrasia (pik-no-fra'-ze-ah) [ttvkvos, thick;
(ppa<ns, speech]. Thickness of speech.

pycnosis (pik-no'-sis) [ttvkvSs, thick]. 1. Thicken-
ing; inspissation. 2. A degenerative change in cells
whereby the protoplasm is condensed and the cells
shrink in volume.

pycnosphygmia {pik-no-sfig'-me-ah). See tachy-
cardia.

pycnotic (pik-not'-ik). Pertaining to or character-
ized by pycnosis.

pyecchysis (pi-ek'-is-is) [irvov, pus; eKxwis, ef-
fusion]. Effusion of pus.

pyedema, pycedema (pi-e-de'-mah) [irvov, pus; ede-
ma]. Edema due to purulent infiltration.

pyelitic (pi-el-it' -ik). Relating to or affected with
pyelitis.

pyelitis (pi-el-i'-tis) [irveKos, a trough; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney.
p., calculous, that due to calculi.

pyelo- (pi-e-lo-) [irve\os, a trough]. A prefix de-
noting relation to the kidney or to the pelvis of the
kidney.

pyelocystitis (pi-el-o-sis-ti'-tis) [pyelo-; cystitis].
Pyelitis with cystitis. (

pyelocystostomosis (pi-e-lo-sist-o-sto-mo'-sis) [py-
elo-; Kv<TTis, a bladder; ar6p.a, a mouth]. The estab-
lishment of direct communication between the kidney
and the bladder.

pyelography (pi-el-og'-ra-fe) . Skiagraphy of a renal
pelvis and ureter which have been filled with a silver
salt solution.

pyelolithotomy (pi-el-o-lith-ot'-o-me) [pyelo-; lith-
otomy]. Removal of a renal calculus through an in-
cision into the pelvis of the kidney.

pyelometer (pi-el-om'-et-er). Synonym of pelvim-
eter.

pyelonephritic (pi-el-o-nef-rit'-ik). Pertaining to
pyelonephritis.

pyelonephritis (pi-el-o-nef-ri'-tis) [pyelo-; nephri-
tis]. Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis.

pyelonephrosis (pi-el-o-nef-ro'-sis). 1. Synonym of
pyelonephritis. 2. Any disease of the pelvis of the
kidney.

pyeloplication (pi-el-o-pli-ka'-shun) [pyelo-; plica].
Operative infolding of a dilated renal pelvis.

pyelotomy (pi-el-ot'-o-me) [pyelo-; to/xij, a cutting].
Incision of the renal pelvis.

pyemesis (pi-em' -is-is) [irvov, pus; ip.e<ns, vomit-
ing]. Vomiting of pus.

pyemia, pyasmia (pi-e'-me-ah) [irvov, pus; alp.a,
blood]. A disease due to the presence of pyogenic
microorganisms in the blood and the formation, wher-
ever these organisms lodge, of embolic or metastatic
abscesses. The disease is generally fatal, p., arteri-
al, a name given to pyemia produced by disorgani-
zation of a cardiac thrombus and the dissemination
of emboli through the arterial circulation, p., cryp-
togenic, a condition in which the primary suppur-
ation occurs in the deeper tissues of the body. p.
otogenous, pyemia originating in the ear.

pyemic (pi-em' -ik or pi-e'-mik) [pyemia]. Pertain-
ing to or affected with pyemia.

pyemide (pi'-em-ed) [irvov, pus; pi., pyemides]. A
cutaneous manifestation the result of metastases in
pyemia.

pyencephalus (pi-en-sef'-al-us) [irvov, pus; iyK&j>a\os,
brain]. Suppuration within the cranium.

pyenin (pi'-en-in). Paranuclein.

pyesis (pi-e'-sis) . Synonym of suppuration.

pygal (pi'-gal) [irvyi), buttock]. Pertaining to the
buttocks.

pygalgia (pi-gal'-je-ah) [irvyr), rump; &X70S,, pain].
Pain in the buttocks.

pygalopubic (pi-gal-o-pu'-bik) [Trvyr), buttock; pu-
bes]. Relating to the buttocks and the pubes.

pygmalionism (pig-ma-le-on-izm) [Pygmalion, king
of Cyprus, who fell in love with an ivory image of a
maiden]. Falling in love with a statue, a form of
erotomania.

pygodidymus (pi- go-did' -im-us) [irvyv, buttock;
otdvuos, twin]. A double monster united by the but-
tocks.

PYGOMELUS

733

PYOPERITONITIS

pygomelus (pi-gom'-el-us) [101757, buttock; peXos, a
member]. A monster with a parasite attached to the
hypogastric region or to the buttock.

pygopagus (pi-gop'-ag-us) [70717, buttock; n ay os,
joined]. A monster with conjoined buttocks or backs.

pyic (pi'-ik). Synonym of purulent.

pyin (pi'-in) [tow, pus]. An albuminous sub-
stance of complex constitution occurring in pus. It
may be separated by adding sodium chloride and fil-
tering.

pykno-. For words beginning thus, see under pycno-.

pyla (pi'-lah) [70X77, gate]- Opening between the
third ventricle and Sylvian aqueduct.

pylar (pi'-lar). Relating to the pyla.

pyle (pi'-le) [70X77, a gate]. The portal vein.

pylema (pi-le'-mah) [pyle; alp.a, blood]. The blood
of the portal vein.

pylemphraxis (pi-lem-fraks'-is) [70X77, gate; e/z-
<?3pa|is, obstruction]. Obstruction of the portal cir-
culation.

pylephlebectasis, pylephlebectasia {pi-le-fleb-ek'-
tas-is, pi-le-fleb-ek-ta'-ze-ah). [70X77, gate; <f>\ty, vein].
Dilatation of the portal vein, which is usually caused
by some obstruction in the liver, or it may be due
to relaxation of the vessel-walls from some disturb-
ance of innervation.

pylephlebitis (pi-le-fltb-i'-tis) [pyle; phlebitis]. In-
flammation of the portal vein. The condition is
usually secondary to disease of the intestine, is gen-
erally suppurative in character, and gives rise to the
symptoms of pyemia.

pylethrombophlebitis (pi-le-throm-bo-fleb-i'-tis) [pyle;
thrombosis; phlebitis]. Inflammation and thrombosis
of the portal vein.

pylethrombosis (pi-le-throm-bo'-sis) [pyle; throm-
bosis). Thrombosis of the portal vein.

pylic (pi'-lik) [pyle]. Pertaining to the portal vein.

pyloralgia (pi-lor-al'-je-ah) [pylorus; 0X705, pain].
Pain in the region of the pylorus.

pylorectomy (pi-lor-ek'-to-me) [pylorus; iKrofiri, ex-
cision]. Excision of the pylorus.

pyloric (pi-lor'-ik) [pylorus]. Pertaining to the
pylorus, p. glands, glands situated in the region of
the pylorus and secreting the gastric juice, p. ori-
fice. See pylorus (1). p. valve. See pylorus (2).

pyloristenosis (pi-lor-is-ten-o'-sis) [pyloro-; crevos,
narrow]. Contraction of the pylorus.

pylontis (pi-lor-i'-tis) [pyloro-; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the pylorus.

pyloro- (pi-lo-ro-) [pylorus], A prefix meaning re-
lating to the pylorus.

pylorochesis (pi-lor-o-ke'-sis) [pyloro-; oxw-St a.
holding]. Obstruction of the pylorus.

pylorocolic (pi-lor-o-kol'-ik). Pertaining to or con-
necting the pyloric end of the stomach with the trans-
verse colon.

pylorodiosis (pi-lor-o-di-o'-sis) [pyloro-; Siwais, a
pushing through]. Loreta's operation: digital di-
vulsion of the pyloric orifice following gastrotomy.

pyloroplasty (pi-lor'-o-plas-te) [pyloro-; ir\ao-aeiv, to
form]. Plastic operation upon the pylorus.

pyloroptosis, pyloroptosia {pi-lor-op-to'-sis, pi-lor-
op-to'-se-ah) [pyloro-; tttuktis, falling]. Downward
displacement of the pylorus.

pyloroschrhus (pi-lor-o-skir'-us) [pyloro-; aidppos,
induration]. Scirrhus of the pylorus.

pylorospasm (pi-lor'-o-spazm). Spasm of the py-
lorus.

pylorostenosis (pi-lor-o-ste-no'-sis) [pyloro-; steno-
sis]. Stenosis, or stricture, of the pylorus.

pylorostomy (pi-lor-os'-to-me) [pyloro-; arbp-a,
mouth]. Making an opening through the abdominal
wall into the pylorus.

pylorus {pi-lo'-rus) [toXwpos, a gate-keeper]. 1.
The circular opening of the stomach into the duo-
denum. 2. The fold of mucous membrane and mus-
cular tissue surrounding the aperture between the
stomach and the duodenum, p., antrum of, the por-
tion of the stomach between the pyloric orifice and
the sphincter antri pylorici or transverse band.

pyo- {pi-o-) [ttvov, pus]. A prefix denoting per-
taining to pus.

pyoblenna {pi-o-blen' -ah) [pyo-; fi\kvva, mucus].
Muco-pus.

pyoblennorrhea (pi-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [pyo-; p\kwa,
mucus; bola, a flow]. A muco-purulent discharge.

pyocele (pi'-o-sel) [pyo-; ktjXti, hernia]. Hernia
with pus in its sac.

pyocelia, pyocoelia (pi-o-se'-le-ah) [pyo-; Koikla,
a hollow]. Pus in the abdominal cavity.

pyocenosis (pi-o-sen-o'-sis) [pyo-; Ka>w<ns, empty-
ing]. The evacuation of a pus-cavity.

pyochezia (pi-o-ke'-ze-ah) [pyo-; xefew. to defe-
cate]. Discharge of pus from the intestines.

pyococcus (pi-o-kok'-us). Any pus-producing
coccus.

pyocolpocele (pi-o-kol'-po-seT) . A suppurating tu-
mor of the vagina.

pyocolpos (pi-o-kol'-pos) [pyo-; koXttos, vagina]. An
accumulation of pus within the vagina.

pyoctanin (pi-ok' -tan-in). See pyoktanin.

pyocyanase (pi-o-si'-an-as) [pyo-; Kvavos, bluej.
The specific bacteriolytic enzyme of Bacillus pyocy-
aneus. It is said to digest the bacilli of typhoid,
diphtheria, anthrax and cholera, and also fibrin. It
is a yellowish-green, alkaline, amorphous substance,
soluble in water, to which it imparts a greenish tint.

pyocyanin (pi-o-si'-an-in) [see pyocyanase], CmHm
NO2. A colored substance derived from blue pus and
from cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus.

pyocyanogenic (pi-o-si-an-o-jen'-ik). Producing
pyocyanin.

pyocyanolysin (pi-o-si-an-ol'-is-in) [pyo-; Kvavos,
blue; Xveiv, to loosen]. A hemolysin produced in
broth cultures by Bacillus pyocyaneus.

pyocyst (pi'-o-sist) pyo-; cyst]. A cyst containing
pus.

pyocyte (pi'-o-slt) [pyo-; kvtos, a cell]. A pus-
corpurcle.

pyodermatitis (pi-o-der-mat-i'-tis). A skin-affec-
tion produced by inoculation with pyogenic material.

pyodermia (pi-o-der'-me-ah) [pyo-; 5kpp.a, skin].
Any cutaneous lesion due to pus-DXoducing micro-
organisms.

pyodermitis (pi-o-der-mi'-tis) [pyo-; Sepp,a, skin;
ins, inflammation]. An inflammatory skin-affection
attended by pus-formation.

pyogenes (pi-oj'-en-ez). Synonym of pyogenic.

pyogenesis (pi-o-jen'-es-is) [pyo-; yewav, to pro-
duce]. The formation of pus.

pyogenic, pyogenetic (pi-o-jen'-ik, pi-o-jen-et'-ik)
[pyogenesis]. Producing pus. p. membrane. See
membrane, pyogenic, p. microorganisms, the micro-
organisms producing pus. The ordinary pyogenic
microorganisms are staphylococci and streptococci.
Under certain circumstances pus may be produced by
the pneumococcus of Fraenkel, Bacillus coli com-
munis, the bacillus of typhoid, the gonococcus, and
others.

pyogenin (pi-oj'-en-in). C63H128N2O19. A sub-
stance obtained from the cell-body of pus-cells.

pyohemia, pyohaemia (pi-o-he'-me-ah). See pyemia.

pyohemothorax, piohaemothorax (pi-o-hem-o-tho' '-
raks). The presence of pus and blood in the pleural
cavity.

pyoid (pi'-oid) [pyo-; eZSos, like]. Resembling pus.

pyoktanin {pi-ok' -tan-in) [pyo-; urelveiv, to kill]. A
name given to methyl-violet and methylene-blue on
account of their germicidal properties. Pyoktanin
has been used in diphtheria, cystitis, gonorrhea, ul-
cers, and inflammations of the conjunctiva, and as an
injection in carcinoma, p., blue, C24H28N3CI, an-
tiseptic, disinfectant, and analgesic. Dose 1-5 gr.
(0.065-0. 32 Gm.). Dusting-powder, 1 : 1000-1 : 100;
aqueous solution,. 1-4 : 10,000. p.-mercury, a com-
pound of pyoktanin and mercury. Applied in 1 : 200
solution or with equal parts of starch, p., yellow,
C17H24N3CIO, antiseptic and disinfectant, but weaker
than blue pyoktanin. Dose 1-8 gr. (0.065-0.52 Gm) ;
aqueous solution, 1-4 : 10,000; dusting-powder, 1 to
2%; ointment, 2 to 10%.

pyolymph (pi'-o-limf) [pyo-; lymph]. Lymph con-
taining pus-corpuscles.

pyometra (pi-o-me'-trah) [pyo-; nvrpa, womb]. A
collection of pus in the uterus.

pyonephritis (pi-o-nef-ri'-tis) [pyo-; nephritis].
Suppurative inflammation of the kidney.

pyonephrosis (pi-o-nef-ro'-sis) [pyo-; ve<f>p6s, kid-
ney]. An accumulation of pus in the pelvis of the
kidney.

pyonephrotic (pi-o-nef-rol'-ik). Pertaining to py-
onephrosis.

pyo-ovarium (pi-o-o-va'-re-um) [pyo-; ovarium, ov-
ary]. Ovarian abscess.

pyopericarditis (pi-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis). Suppura-
tive pericarditis.

pyopericardium (pi-o-per-e-kar'-de-um) . The pres-
ence of pus in the pericardium.

pyoperitonitis (pi-o-per-it-on-i'-iis). Synonym of
peritonitis, purulent.

PYOPHTHALMIA

734

PYRETOMETER

pyophthalmia (pi-of-lhal'-mc-ah) [pyo-; 6<p9a\p.6s,
eye]. Purulent ophthalmia.

pyophylactic (pi-o-fil-ak'-tik) [pyo-; <j>u\a<r<ret.v , to
guard]. Protecting against pus. p. membrane, the
lining membrane of an abscess cavity.

pyophysometra (pi-o-fi-so-me'-trah) [pyo-; <pv<ra,
wind; p-vrpa, womb]. The presence of pus and gas in
the uterus.

pyoplania (pi-o-pla'-ne-ah) [pyo-; ir\avaeiv, to wan-
der]. Infiltration of tissues with pus.

pyopneumopericarditis (pi-o-nil-mo-per-e-kar-di'-tis)
[pyo-; irvevna, air; pericarditis]. Pericarditis com-
plicated by the presence of pus and gas in the peri-
cardium.

pyopneumopericardium (pi-o-nu-mo-per-ik-ar'-de-
um) [pyo-; irvevpa, air; pericardium). Pus and air or
gas in the pericardium.

pyopneumoperitonitis (pi-o-nu-mo-per-it-on-i'-tis)
[pyo-; irvevna, air; peritonitis]. Peritonitis compli-
cated by the presence of pus and air in the peritoneal
cavity.

pyopneumothorax (pi-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks). An ac-
cumulation of air or gas and pus in the pleural cavity.
p., subphrenic, a collection of air and pus beneath the
diaphragm. See Pfuhl's sign.

pyopoiesis (pi-o-poi-e'-sis). Synonym of suppura-
tion.

pyopoietic (pi-o-poi-et'-ik) [pyo-; iroielv, to make].
Secreting pus; suppurative.

pyoptysis {pi-op' -tis-is) [pyo- ;vtv€lv, to spit]. The
expectoration of pus.

pyorrhagia (pi-or-a'-je-ah) [pyo-; p-qyvbvai, to burst
forth]. A profuse discharge of pus.

pyorrhea, pyorrhoea (pi-or-e'-ah) [pyo-; pola, a flow].
A purulent discharge, p., alveolaris. Progressive
necrosis of the dental alveoli; Riggs' disease, Fauch-
ard's disease. _

pyosalpingitis (pi-o-sal-pin-ji-tis) [pyo-; aa\iriy£,
tube; ins, inflammation]. Purulent inflammation of
the Fallopian or Eustachian tube.

pyosalpingo-oophoritis (pi-o-sal-ping-go-o-of-or-i'-
tis) [pyo-; o-a\irt.y£, a tube; oophoritis]. Combined
suppurative inflammation of the ovary and oviduct.

pyosalpinx (pi-o-sal' -pinks) [pyo-; o-a\iny£, tube].
An accumulation of pus in the oviduct.

pyosapremia, pyosapraemia (pi-o-sap-re'-me-ah)
[pyo-; sapremia). Same as pyemia.

pyoscheocele (pi-os'-ke-o-sel) [pyo-; ooxeov, scro-
tum; Ki)\y, tumor]. A suppurative swelling of the
scrotum.

pyoscope {pi'-o-skop) [irvos, colostrum; oko-k&v, to
examine]. An instrument for determining the rich-
ness of milk by its color.

pyosepticemia, pyosepticaemia (pi-o-sep-tis-e'-me-
ah) [pyo-; septicemia]. The association of pyemia and
septicemia.

pyosin (pi'-o-sin). C57H110N2O15. A substance ob-
tained from the body plasma of pus-cells. Cf. pyo-
genin.

pyosis (pi-o'-sis) [irvov, pus]. 1. Suppuration. 2.
Suppuration of the eye.

pyostatic (pi-o-stat'-ik) [pyo-; o-tcltikos, causing to
stand]. 1. Preventing the formation of pus. 2. An
agent arresting the secretion of pus.

pyothorax (pi-o-tho'-raks) . An accumulation of pus
in the pleural cavity; empyema, p., subphrenic, an
abscess beneath the diaphragm.

pyotorrhea, pyotorrhcea (pi-o-tor-e'-ah) [pyo-; ovs,
ear; poia, aflow]. Purulent otorrhea.

pyoturia (pi-o-tu'-re-ah). See pyuria.

pyoureter (pi-o-u-re'-ter) An ac cumulation of pus
in a ureter.

pyoxanthin, pyoxanthose (pi-o-zan'-thin, pi-o-zan'-
thos) [irvov, pus: £a.v96s, yellow]. A yellow substance
sometimes found in pus, and resulting from the oxi-
dation of pyocyanin.

pyra {pi' -rah). Synonym of anthrax.

pyracetosalyl (pi-ras-e-to-sal'-il). A preparation of
antipyrine and aspirin: used as an antipyretic and
antineuralgic; dose 8 grains (0.5 gm.).

pyraloxin (pi-ral-oks'-in) . An oxidation-product of
pyrogallol, used in skin-diseases.

pyramid (pe'-ram-id) [irvpap.is]. Any conical emi-
nence of an organ; especially a body of longitudinal
nerve-fibers on each side of the anterior median fissure
of the oblongata, p., anterior, one of the two pyra-
midal bundles of white matter on each Fide of the an-
terior median fissure of the medulla, p. of the cere-
bellum, a conical projection forming the central por-
tion of the inferior vermiform process, p.s of Ferrein.

See Ferrein's pyramids, p., lateral. Same as resti-
form body, p., Malpighian, one of the conical masses
composing the medullary substance of the kidney.
p., posterior, one of the two narrow bundles of white
matter placed on each side of the posterior median
fissure of the medulla oblongata. They are continu-
ous with the posterior median columns of the spinal
cord, p., renal. See p., Malpighian, and Ferrein's
pyramids, p., temporal, the petrosa. p., thyroid.
See Lalouette's pyramid, p. of the tympanum, a hol-
low conical process on the inner wall of the tympanum ;
the stapedius muscle passes through an aperture at
its apex. _

pyramidal (pe-ram'-id-al) [pyramid]. Shaped like
a pyramid, p. bone, the carpal cuneiform, p. tract.
See tract pyramidal.

pyramidale (pir-am-id-a'-le) [irvpap,ls, pyramid].
The cuneiform bone of the carpus; the os pyramidale.

pyramidalis (pe-ram-id-a'-lis). Pyramidal, as py-
ramidalis muscle. See under muscle.

pyramidon (pe-ram! -id-on) . Dimethylamidophen-
yldimethylpyrazolon, a yellowish- white powder, re-
commended as an antipyretic. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.32-
0.51 Gm.) every 2 hours.

pyramis (pir'-am-is). 1. Synonym of pyramid.
2. The modiolus. 3- The pyramid of the thyroid.

4. The petrosa. 5. The anterior pyramid of the ob-
longata. 6. The penis, p. cerebelli. See pyramid of
the cerebellum, p. cochleae, the modiolus, p. lam-
inosa. See pyramid of the cerebellum, p. ossis tem-
pbris, p. trigona, the petrosa. p. vermis, the pyra-
mid of the cerebellum, p. vestibuli. See crista ves-
tibuli. ,

pyrantin (pi-ran' -tin). See phenosuccin. p., sol-
uble, sodium salt of paraethoxylphenylsuccinamic
acid. A useful antipyretic. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3
Gm.) daily.

pyranum (pi-ra'-num). The sodium salt of a com-
bination of benzoic acid, thymol, and salicylic acid;
used as an antirheumatic and analgesic. Dose 7-30
gr. (0.45-2.0 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily.

pyrazine (pi-raz'-ine). Antipyrine. p. hexahy-
dride. Piperazine.

pyrazol (pi'-raz-ol) [irvp, fire; azotum, nitrogen],
C3H4N2, a derivative of pyrrol. It is used as a diu-
retic. Dose i5*-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).

pyrenemia, pyrenasmia (pi-ren-e'-me-ah) [irvprjv, a
fruit-stone; alfia, blood]. The existence of nucleated
red cells in the blood.

pyrenoid (pi'-re-noid) [-wvpyv, the stone of a fruit;
eldos, form]. One of the small, bright globules found
imbedded in the chromatophores of green alga? and of
certain invertebrates, and having the reactions of
nuclein and the function of forming starch and sim-
ilar carbohydrates.

pyrethrum (pi-re' -thrum). Pellitory; the root of
Anacyclus pyrethrum, a plant of the order Composite.
Pyrethrum is used as a sialagogue and masticatory
in headache, toothache, and neuralgic affections of the
face. It is employed either in powder or in the form
of the tincture, p., tincture of (tinctura pyrethri, U.

5. P.), is never given internally.

pyretic (pi-ret' -ik) [irvperos, fever]. Pertaining to
or affected with fever.

pyreticosis (pi-ret-ik-o'-sis) [irvperos, fever]. Fever-
ishness.

pyretin (pi'-re-tin) [see pyretic]. An ant:pyretic
said to consist of acetanilide, caffeine, sodium bicar-
bonate, and calcium carbonate. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-
0.52 Gm.).

pyreto- (pi-ret-o-) [irvperos, fever]. A prefix mean-
ing fever.

pyretogenesia, pyretogenesis (pi-ret-o-jen-e'-ze-ah,
pi-ret-o-jen' '-es-is) [pyreto-; ykveavs, origin]. The ori-
gin and process of fever.

pyretogenic, pyretogenous (pi-ret-oj-en'-ik, pi-ret-
oj'-en-us) [pyreto-; yewav, to produce]. Causing or
producing fever.

pyretogenin (pi-ret-oj'-en-in) [see pyretogenic]. A
substance formed by microorganisms, and said to have
the property of producing fever when inoculated into
animals

pyretography (pi-ret-og'-ra-fe) [pyreto-; ypd<pei,v, to
write]. A treatise on fevers.

pyretologist (pi-ret-ol'-o-jist) [pyretology]. A spe-
cialist in fevers.

pyretology (pi-ret-ol'-o-je) [pyreto-; \6yos, a science].
The science of the nature of fevers.

pyretometer (pi-ret-om'-et-ur) [pyreto-; p.krpov,
measure]. A clinical thermometer.

PYRETOTYPHOSIS

735

PYURIA

pyretotyphosis (pi-ret-o-ti-fo'-sis) [pyreto-; rixpuo-is,
delirium]. The stupor or delirium of fever.

pyretotyposis (pi-ret-o-ti-po'-sis) [pireto-; tvituo-is, a
forming]. Intermittent fever.

pyrexia (pi-reks'-e-ah) [-rrvpe^is, fever]. Elevation
of temperature above the normal; fever.

pyrexial (pi-reks'-e-al). Pertaining to pyrexia.

pyrheliometer (pir-he-li-om'-et-ur) [irvp, fire; t/Xios,
sun; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring
the heating and chemical effects of light.

pyridine (pir'-id-en) [irvp, fire], C5H5N. A liquid
base obtained as a distillation-product from tobacco,
coal-tar, and other organic matter, and forming the
first of a long and important series of homologous
bases. Pyridine has been used in asthma by inhal-
ation, p. tricarboxylic acid, CsHbCCCfeH^N, is an-
tiseptic, antipyretic, antiperiodic, and antispasmodic.
It has been used in malaria, asthma, and typhoid
fever. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.).

pyriform (pi'-rif-orm) [pyrus, pear; forma, a form].
Pear-shaped.

pyriformis (pe-rif-orm'-is). Pyriform, as pyrif-
ormis muscle. See under muscle.

pyro- (pi-ro-) [irvp, fire]. A prefix signifying fire or
heat.

pyroacetic (pi-ro-as-e'-tik). Pertaining to or ob-
tained from acetic acid by the action of heat. p.
spirit. Synonym of acetone.

pyroacid (pi-ro-as'-id). A product obtained by
subjecting certain organic acids to heat.

pyroarsenic acid (pi-ro-ar-sen'-ik) [pyro-; arsenic],
H4AS2O7. A tetrabasic acid produced when arsenic
is heated to 1800 C.

pyroborate (pi-ro-bo'-rat). A salt of pyroboric acid.
Syn., biborate.

pyroboric acid (pi-ro-bo'-rik) [pyro-; boron], H2B4O7.
Tetraboric acid, a dibasic acid produced by heating
boric acid.

pyrocatechin (pi-ro-kat'-e-kin) [pyro-; catechu],
CsHeOo = CeH4(OH)2. Catechol; a crystalline sub-
stance formed by the dry distillation of catechu and
sometimes occurring in the urine. It has been used
as an antipyretic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.).

pyrocatechinuria (pi-ro-kat-e-kin-u'-re-ah) [pyrocat-
echin; ovpov, urine]. The presence of pyrocatechin in
the urine.

pyroctin (pi-rok'-tin). A proprietary febrifuge.

pyrodextrin (pi-ro-deks'-trin) [pyro-; dextrin]. C48-
H74O37. A brownish solid resulting from the action of
heat upon dextrin.

pyrodin {pi-ro' -din) [ifvp, fire], C6H5. C2H3O.N2H2.
Acetylphenylhydrazine ; a crystalline, poisonous sub-
stance, used as a substitute for chrysarobin in psoria-
sis and in other cutaneous affections; also as an antipy-
retic. Dose §-3 gr. (0.03-0.2 Gm.).

pyroform (pi'-ro-form). Bismuth oxyiodopyro-
gallol; used in skin diseases and said to be less toxic
than pyrogallol.

pyrogallic acid (pi-ro-gal'-ik). See pyrogallol.

pyrogallol (pi-ro-gal'-ol) [pyro-; galla, galls], C6H3-
(OH3). Pyrogallic acid; a phenol derivative pro-
duced by the action of heat on gallic acid. It is used
locally in diseases of the skin, p.-bismuth, a dark-
green powder containing equal parts of bismuth and
pyrogallol; used as an intestinal disinfectant and
wound antiseptic, p., oxidized, a stable brown or
black powder, slightly soluble in water, insoluble in
alcohol or ether, used as a substitute for pyrogallol as
less irritating and only slightly toxic. Dose I-15 gr.
(0.05-1.0 Gm.) daily. Ointment in skin diseases 75
gr. (5 Gm.) to 375 gr. (25 Gm.) each of vaseline and
lanolin.

pyrogenic (pi-ro-jen'-ik) [pyro-; yewav, to produce].
Producing fever.

pyroleum (pi-ro' -le-um) [pyro-; oleum, oil]. 1. Pet-
roleum. 2. An oil produced by dry distillation.

pyroligneous (pi-ro-lig'-ne-us) [pyro-; lignum,
wood]. Pertaining to the destructive distillation of

wood. p. acid, wood-vinegar. See acid, pyrolig-
neous.

pyrolusite (pi-ro-lu' -sit) [pyro-; Xou<ns, a washing].
Native manganese dioxide.

pyrolysis (pi-rol'-is-is) [pyro-; Xwus, solution]. De-
composition by means of heat.

pyrolytic (pi-ro-lit'-ik). Pertaining to pyrolysis.

pyromania (pi-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [pyro-; navla, mad-
ness]. A monomania for incendiarism.

pyromaniac (pi-ro-ma'-ne-ak) [pyro-]. One affected
with pyromania.

pyrometer (pi-rom'-et-er) [pyro-; ukrpov, 3. measure].
An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat of
too high a degree to be estimated by the ordinary
thermometer.

pyronin (pi'-ro-nin). A basic triphenylmethane
dyestuff.

pyronyxis (pi-ro-niks'-is) [pyro-; pilots, a pricking].
Ignipuncture.

pyrophobia (pi-ro-fo'-be-ah) [pyro-; <£6/3os, dread].
Morbid dread of fire.

pyrophosphate (pi-ro-fos' -fat) . A salt of pyro-
phosphoric acid.

pyrophosphoric acid (pi-ro-fos-for'-ik). See acid,
pyrophosphoric.

pyroptothymia (pi-rop-to-thi'-me-ah) [pyro-; irroetv,
to terrify; dvp.6s, mind]. A form of insanity in which
the person imagines himself enveloped in flame.

pyropuncture (pi-ro-pungk'-tur) [pyro-; puncture].
Puncturing with hot needles.

pyrosal (pi'-ro-sal). Antipyrine salicylacetate,
C9H8O5C11H12N2O ; antipyretic and antineuralgic.
Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 2 to 6 times daily.

pyroscope (pi'-ro-skop) [pyro-; o-kottziv, to exam-
ine]. An instrument employed in determining the
intensity of thermal radiation.

pyrosis (pi-ro'-sis) [irvp, fire]. An affection of the
stomach characterized by a burning sensation, ac-
companied by eructations of an acrid, irritating fluid;
heartburn.

Pyrosoma (pi-ro-so'-mah). See Piroplasma. P.
bigeminum (pi-ro-so'-mah bi-jem'-in-um) [pyrus, pear;
a6ip.a, a body]. The parasite which is the cause of
Texas fever in cattle.

pyrotic (pi-rot'-ik) [pyrosis]. 1. Inflammable. 2.
Caustic.

pyrotoxic (pi-ro-toks'-ik) [pyro-; to£ucov, poison]. A
caustic poison.

pyrotoxin (pi-ro-toks'-in) [pyro-; to%ik6v, a poison].
A toxic agent generated in the course of the febrile
process.

pyrotoxina bacterica (pi-ro-toks'-in-ah bak-ter'-ik-
ah) [see pyrotoxin], A pyogenic substance believed
to be produced by many forms of bacteria.

pyroxylin (pi-roks'-il-in) [pyro-; £v\ov, wood]. Gun-
cotton; cotton-fiber treated with a mixture of nitric
and sulphuric acids, by which the cellulose is changed
into various nitro-compounds. Soluble gun-cotton
(pyroxylinum, U. S. P.) is used in the preparation of
collodion. The explosive gun-cotton is the hexa-
nitrate of cellulose.

pyrozol (pi'-ro-zol). A proprietary antiseptic said
to be a coal-tar derivative.

pyrozone (pi'-ro-zon). A proprietary preparation
of hydrogen dioxide, an external antiseptic. It is also
used externally in a 5% and a 25% ethereal
solution.

pyrrhol, pyrrol (pir'-ol) [pyro-; oleum, oil], C4H4-
(NH). A liquid base obtained in the distillation of
Dippel's oil and other organic substances, p. tetra-
iodide. See iodol.

pythogenesis (pi-tho-jen' -es-is) [irvdeiv, to rot; ykve-
<ns, genesis]. Production from decaying matter.

pythogenic (pi-tho-jen' -ik) [irvdeiv, to rot; yevvav,
to produce]. Producing or arising from decompo-
sition, p. fever. Synonym of typhoid fever.

pyuria (pi-u-re-ah) [wvov, pus; ovpov, urine]. The
passage of urine containing pus.

q. h. Abbreviation of quaque hora — every hour.
q. 2 h,, abbreviation of quaque secunda hora — every
second hour. -q. 3 h., abbreviation of quaque tertia
hora — every third hour.

q. 1. Abbreviation of quantum libet — as much as
is desired.

q. p. Abbreviation of quantum placet — as much as
you please.

q. s. Abbreviation of quantum sufficit — as much as
suffices.

quack (kwak). A pretender of medical skill; a
vender of nostrums; a medical charlatan.

quackery (kwak'-er-e). The practice of medicine
by a quack; medical charlatanism.

quack-salver. A quack, or mountebank; a peddler
of his own medicines and salves.

quader (kwa'-der) [Ger., square]. The precuneus,
or quadrate lobe of the cerebrum.

quadrangular (kwod-rang'-gu-lar) [quadrangulum, a
four-cornered figure]. Having four angles, as the
quadrangular lobe, the square lobe of the cerebellum.

quadrant (kwod'-rant) [see quadratus]. 1. The
fourth part of a circle, subtending an angle of 90 de-
grees. 2. One of the four regions into which the ab-
domen may be divided for purposes of physical diag-
nosis, q. of Wilder, such an area of the ventral aspect
of the crus cerebri in the cat.

quadrate (kwod'-rat) [quadrant]. Square; four-
sided, q. bone, the bone which in birds and reptiles
articulates with the squamosal above, the mandible
below, the pterygoid internally, and the quadrojugal
externally, q. cartilages, small quadrangular car-
tilaginous plates often found in the alae of the nose.
q. lobe, 1. A small lobe of the liver. 2. A lobe of the
cerebellum, q. lobule. See precuneus.

quadratipronator (kwod-ra-li-pro-na'-tor). Same as
pronator quadratus. See muscles, table of.

quadratus (kwod-ra'-tus) [L.]. Squared; having
four sides, q. muscle. See under muscle.

quadri- (kwod-re-) [L.]. A prefix denoting four or
four times.

quadribasic (kwod-re-ba'-sik) [quadri-; basis, base].
In chemistry, applied to an acid having four replace-
able hydrogen atoms.

quadriceps (kwod'-re-seps) [quadri-; caput, head].
Four-headed, as a quadriceps muscle. A large muscle
of the thigh. See under muscle, q. surae [L., the
quadriceps muscle of the calf]. The muscle mass
comprising the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris,

quadrigeminal (kwod-re-jem'-in-al) [see quadrigem-
inum}. Fourfold: consisting of four parts, as the
quadrigeminal bodies. See corpora quadrigemina.

quadrigeminum (kwod-re-jcm'-in-um) [quadrigem-
inus, fourfold]. One of the corpora quadrigemina.

quadrilateral (Jtwod-re-lat'-er-al) [quadri; latus, a
side]. Having four sides, q., of Marie. See under
Marie.

quadrille (kwad-HV) [Fr.]. An embryological term
designating the complex movement undergone by the
dividing centrosomes previous to the formation of the
cleavage centrosomes.

quadripara (kwod-rip'-ar-ah) [quadri, four; par ere,
to bear]. A woman who is bearing or has borne, her
fourth child, or has had her fourth confinement.

quadriparity (kwod-re-par'-il-e). The state of hav-
ing borne four children.

quadriparous (kwod-rip'-a-rous). Pertaining to a
quadripara, or to a fourth confinement.

quadriplegia (kwod-ri-ple' -je-ah) [quadri, four;
TrXriyv, stroke]. Paralysis of all four limbs.

quadrisect (kwod'-ri-sekt) [quadri, four; secare, to
cut]. To divide into four parts.

quadriurate (kwod-re-u'-ral) [quadri-; urate]. A
term applied to the hyperacid urate of human urine
and the urine of birds and reptiles. The quadri-
urates are mixtures of biurates and uric acid, and
have the general formula of MHCCsHsN^HzCeHa-
N4O3.

quadrivalent (kwod-riv'-al-ent) [quadri-; valet e, to
be worth]. In chemistry, having a combining power
equivalent to that of four hydrogen atoms. See quan-
tivalence.

quadroon (kwod-roon') [quartus, fourth]. Offspring
of a white person and a mulatto.

quadruplet (kwod-roo'-plet) [quadruplare, to make
fourfoldl. Any one of four children born at one birth.

Quain's fatty heart (kwan). Fatty degeneration
of the cardiac muscular fibers.

Quain's method of removing a foreign body (kwan).
An incision is made at some little distance from the
foreign body, the latter is then grasped with forceps
at right angles to its long axis, and then pushed out
through another incision at the point of entrance.

quaker's black drop. Vinegar of opium, acetum
opii.

quaker-button. A popular name for nux vomica.

qualitative (kwol'-it-a-tiv) [qualitas, quality]. Per-
taining to quality, q. analysis. See analysis, qual-
itative.

quantimeter (kwon-tim'-et-er). An instrument for
measuring the dosage of the Roentgen rays.

quanti-Pirquet's reaction (kwon'-te-per-ka). A
quantitative Pirquet's reaction undertaken with the
idea of estimating the degree of tuberculous infection.

quantitative (kwnn'-tit-a-tiv) [quantus, how much].
Pertaining to quantity, q. analysis. See analysis,
quantitative.

quantivalence (kwon-tiv'-al-ens) [quantus, how much;
valere, to be worth]. The combining power of an
element or radical expressed in terms of the number
of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite. Uni-
valent or monad atoms, as chlorine, are saturated
with one atom; bivalent or diad atoms require two;
trivalent or triad, as boron, take three; quadrivalent or
tetrad, quinquivalent or pentad, sexvalent or hexad,
require four, five, and six atoms of hydrogen respec-
tively.

quantum (kwon'-tum) [L.]. 1. As much as. 2. A
certain prescribed amount, q. libet, as much as you
please, q. sufficit, as much as suffices, q., normal,
a constant quantity or standard, q. vis, as much as
you wish. _

quarantine (kwor'-an-ten) [It., quaranta, forty]. 1.
The time (formerly forty days) during which vessels
or travelers from ports infected with contagious or
epidemic diesases are required by law to remain out-
side the port of their destination, as a safeguard
against the spreading of such diseases. 2. The place of
detention. 3- The act of detaining vessels or travel-
ers from suspected ports or places for purposes of in-
spection of disinfection, q., land-, the isolation of a
person or district on land for purposes similar to
those of detention of persons arriving at a place by
sea. q. period, the length of time required to insure
immunity after exposure, or the length of time neces-
sary after an attack, to render the disease innocuous.

quart (kwort) [quartus, fourth]. The fourth part
of a gallon, imperial q., contains about 20 per cent,
more than the ordinary quart.

quartan (kwor'-tan) [quartus], 1. Recurring on the
fourth day. 2. A form of intermittent fever the
paroxysms of which occur every fourth day. p.,
double, quartan fever characterized by milder and
severer paroxysms, each occurring every fourth day.
q. fever. See quartan (2). q. parasite, the Plas-
modium malaria.

quarter-crack. In farriery, a fissure of the hoof
on the inner side of the fore-foot of a horse.

quarter-evil (kwor'-ter-e-vil). A synonym of black-
leg.

quartipara (kwor-lip'-ar-ah) [quartus ; par ere, to bring
forth]. A woman in her fourth pregnancy. See
multipara.

quartiparous (kwor-tip'-ar-us) [quartipara]. Preg-
nant four times.

quartisternum (kwor-te-ster' -num) [quartus, fourth;

QUARTONOL

737

QUINCOCA

sternum]. A part of the sternum having a special
center of ossification corresponding with the fourth
intercostal space.

quartonol (kwor'-ton-ol). A proprietary mixture of
calcium, sodium, quinine, strychnine, and glycero-
phosphates.

quartz (kwortz). See silica.

quassation (kwas-a' -shun) [quassatio, a shaking or
shattering]. The reduction of barks, roots, and other
drugs to morsels, in preparation for further pharma-
ceutical treatment. Syn., cassation.

quassia (kwosh'-e-ah) [after Qziassi, a negro slave in
Surinam who first used it]. The wood of several
trees of the order Simarubacea. The quassia of the
U. S. P. and B. P. is the wood of Picrasma excelsa,
known as Jamaica quassia, or of quassia amara.
known as Surinam quassia. It is a simple bitter, and
is used in dyspepsia and constipation; in the form of
an enema it is employed against seatworms, q., ex-
tract of (extractum quassia, U. S. P.). Dose i gr.
(0.065 Gm.). q., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum quas-
sia, U. S. P.) Dose 8 minims (0.5 Cc). q., infusion
of (infusum quassia, B. P.). Dose j to 1 ounce (15
to 30 Cc). q., tincture of (tinctura quassia, \J. S. P.,
B. P.). Dose J to 1 dram (2 to 4 Cc).

quassia cup. A cup made of quassia wood, which
is filled with water and allowed to stand; the water
acquires the bitter taste of the quassia.

quassiin (kwos'-se-in). Same as quassin.

quassin (kwos'-in). The active principle of quas-
sia; very bitter, white crystals, soluble in alcohol and
chloroform; used as a tonic. Dose ^-% gr. (0.002-
0.02 Gm.).

quarternary (kwa-ter' -na-re) [quaterni, four each].
1. Consisting of four elements. 2. Fourth in order.
q. syphilis, parasyphilis.

Quatrefages, parietal angle of (katr-fahzj) [Jean
Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Breau, French nat-
uralist, 1810-1892]. In craniometry, that formed by
the lines drawn through the extremities of the trans-
verse maximum or bizygomatic diameter and the
maximum transverse frontal diameter (called pos-
itive when it opens downward, and negative when it
opens upward).

quatuor (kwal'-u-or) [L.]. Four. q. pills, pills made
up of iron sulphate, quinine, aloes, nux vomica and
gentian.

queasy (kwe'-ze). Nauseated; inclined to vomit.
(Colloquial.)

quebrabunda (ke-brah-bun'-dah) [Port.]. Strad-
dling disease, a tropical disease similar to beriberi
which attacks horses and pigs.

quebrachamine (ke-brah'-kam-en). See under
quebracho. ■

quebrachine (ke-brah'-ken). An alkaloid of que-
bracho (c. :\). It is used internally and hypoder-
matically in dyspnea. Dose f-i§ gr. (0.04-0.1 Gm.).

quebracho (kc-brah'-ko) [from Pg. qnebra-hacho,
ax-breaker]. The name of several hard-wooded trees
of South America. The white quebracho {quebracho
bianco) is Aspidosperma quebracho, of the order
Apocynaceae. It contains the following alkaloids:
Aspidcspermine C22H30N2O2; aspidosper matine C22H2S-
N2O2, aspidosamine, C22H23X2O2; quebrachine, C21H26-
N2O3, and quebrachamine C21H26N2O3. It is used in
emphysema, bronchitis, and in asthma. See aspidos-
Permine.

quebrachol (ke-brah'-kol). A levorotary crystal-
line substance found in the bark of Aspidosperma
quebracho bianco.

queen of the meadow. Spiraa ulmaria; eupator-
ium

queen's-delight, queen's-root. See stillingia.

queen's metal. An alloy of antimony, tin, etc.

Quenu's operation of thoracoplasty (ka-noo') [E.
Quenu, French surgeon, 1852- ]. An operation for
empyema, consisting in simple section of the ribs,
without resection, to favor retraction of the chest
walls.

Quenu-Mayo operation (ka-noo' -ma' -o) [see Quenu;
William J. Mayo, American surgeon, 1861- ]. An
operation for cancer of the rectum, consisting of
excision of the rectum with removal of neighboring
lymph-glands.

quercetin (kwur' -se-tin) . A neutral principle de-
rived from quercitrin.

quercin (kwer'-sin) [quercus], C6H6(OH)6. A bitter,
crystallizable carbohydrate extracted from acorns and
oak-bark.

quercitannic acid (kwer-si-tan'-ik) [quercus ; tannin],
25

C1-H16O9. A variety of tannic acid found in oak-
bark.

quercitannin (kwer-sit-an'-in). Quercitannic acid.

quercite (kwer'-slt) [quercus], CeH7(OH)5. A sweet
principle found in acorns.

quercitol (kwer'-sit-ol). See quercite.

quercitrin (kwer' -sit-rin) [quercus; citrus, lemon],
C36H3SO20. A glucoside found in the bark of Quercus
tinctoria and in many other plants. It is tonic and
astringent.

quercus (kwer'-kus) [L., oak]. The quercus of the
U. S. P. is the dried bark of Quercus alba. Dose 15
grains (1 gm.). q., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum
quercus, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). See oak.

quercynol (kwur'-sin-ol). A proprietary remedy
said to consist of extract of Quercus alba with cyanol
and extract of hyoscyamus. It is used in vaginal
wafers.

Quevenne's iron (ke-ven') [Theodore Auguste Que-
venne, French physician, 1805-1855]. Ferrum .re-
ductum.

quick (kwik) [AS., civic, alive]. 1. A sensitive,
vital, tender part, as the flesh under a nail. 2. Preg-
nant, and able to feel the movements of the fetus.

quicken (kwik' -en). To experience the sensation
of quickening, q. v.

quickening (kwik'-en-ing) [see quick]. The first
feeling on the part of the pregnant woman of fetal
movements, occurring between the fourth and fifth
months of pregnancy.

quicklime [quick; lime]. Calcium oxid; unslacked
lime. Seen under lime.

quicksilver [quick; silver]. The popular name for
mercury.

quickwater. Solution of mercuric nitrate.

quillaia, quillaja (kwil-a'-yah) [Chilian, quillean, to
wash]. A genus of trees of the order Rosacea. The
quillaja of the U. S. P. is the dried bark of Quillaja
saponaria. It contains saponin and produces a froth
when agitated in water. It is used in pulmonary
affections and as a sternutatory, and in the arts as a
substitute for soap. Syn., soap-bark. Q., fluid-
extract of (fluidextr actum quillaja, U. S. P.). Dose
3 min. (0.2 Cc). Q., tincture of (tinctura quil-
laja, U. S. P.), tinctura quillaia, B. P.). Dose 1 dr.
(4 Cc).

quill-suture. See suture, quill-.

quina (kwin'-ah). Same as cinchona, q. calisaya,
yellow cinchona bark. q. colorada, red cinchona
bark.

quinacetine sulphate (kwin-as'-et-en) (C3tH3iN02)2-
H2SO4H2O. An antipyretic and anodyne. Dose
5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.).

quinaldin (kwin-aV -din) , C10H9N. Methylquino-
lin; formed by digesting anilin with paraldehyde
and hydrochloric acid.

quinalgen (kwin-al'-jen). See analgen.

quinamicine kwin-am' -is-en) . An artificial alka-
loid, C19H24N2O2, obtained from quinamine.

quinamidine {kwin-am' -id-en). An isomere of
quinamicine.

quinamine (kwin'-am-en) [Sp. quina, bark; amine],
C19H24N2O2. An alkaloid of the cinchonas.

quinaphenin (kwin-a-fen'-in). A white, tasteless
powder, obtained by action of quinine on the hydro-
chlorate of eloxyphenylcarbamic acid. Used in
whooping-cough. Dose for young children 1-2 §
gr. (a.065-0.16 Gm.) daily; older children 3-5 gr.
(0.2-0.3 Gm.).

quinaphthol (kwin-af -thol) . See chinaphthol.

quinaquina (kwin-ah-kwin'-ah). Cinchona.

quinaseptol (kwin-ah-sep'-tol). See diaphtol. q.,
argentic, an odorless, harmless antiseptic and hemo-
static which promotes granulation.

quinate (kwin'-at). A salt of quinic acid.

quince-seed (kwins-sed). See cydonium.

Quincke's disease (kving'-keh) [Heinrich Irenaeus
Quincke, German physician, 1842- ]. Angio-
neurotic edema; acute circumscribed edema. Q.'s
edema. See Q.'s disease. Q.'s pulse, rhythmic
reddening and blanching of the finger-nails at each
diastole of the heart, depending upon oscillations of
blood-pressure which are propagated into the capil-
laries; it is found in aortic insufficiency. Q.'s punc-
ture, lumbar puncture to examine or remove cerebro-
spinal fluid. Q.'s sign. See Q.'s pulse. Q.'s space,
the space between the third and fourth lumbar verte-
brae. Q.'s spinal puncture. See puncture, lumbar.

quincoca (kwin-ko'-kah). A tonic said to be a
combination of quinine, coca-leaves, gentian, wild

QUINETINE

738

QUINONE

cherry, orange peel, and aromatics exhausted with
port wine.

quinetine (kwin' -et- en). A mixture of cinchona
alkaloids, similar to febrifuge.

quinetum (kwin-e'-lum). The mixed alkaloids
from red cinchona bark used as a cheap febrifuge
in India. Dose gr. j-v. It is an antiperiodic.

quinhydrone (kwin-hi'-dron). A reaction product
of an aqueous solution of quinone and hydroquinone;
green prisms with pungent taste, soluble in hot
water, alcohol, ether, or ammonium.

quinia (kwin'-e-ah). See quinine.

quinic (kwin'-ik) [Peruvian, kina, bark]. Pertain-
ing to quinine, q. acid, C7H12O2, an acid occurring
in cinchona bark, in the ivy, oak, elm, ash, coffee-
plant, etc. q. fever, febrile symptoms, with an
eruption; it occurs among workmen making qui-
nine.

quinicine (kwin'-is-en). A cinchona alkaloid,
isomeric with quinine and qulnidine.

quinidamine (kwin-id'-am-en). An alkaloid ob-
tained from cinchona.

quinidine (kwin' -id-en) [quinine], C20H24N2O2. An
alkaloid of cinchona bark isomeric with quinine,
which it resembles in action, differing only in being
less powerful, q. sulphate, is used as an antiperiodic
in doses of 20-60 gr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). q. tannate, is
used in diarrhea, nephritis and malaria. Dose 2-1.2
gr. (o.t-o.8 Gm.) twice daily.

quinimetry (kwin-im'-et-re) [quinia; ukrpov, meas-
ure]. See quiniometry

quinina (kwin-i' -nah) . See quinine

quinina? (kwin-i' -ve). Genitive of quinina.

quinine (kwin -een, kin'-een) [Peruvian, kina, barkJt
C2oH24N2 02+3H20. Quinine (quinina, U. S. P.)
is a bitter amoiphous or crystalline alkaloid obtained
from the bark of various species of cinchona. It is
soluble in 900 parts of water, readily soluble in
alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and gives a beautiful
emerald-green color when it or its salts are treated
with a solution of cWorine and then with ammonia.
Quinine acts as a stimulant to the nervous system,
causing in large doses cerebral congestion and
lessening of the re^exes; it is a slight respirator:/
stimulant and a depressant to the circulation; it
lessens the ameboid movement of the white corpuscles,
and during fever is strongly antipyretic; it also
possesses antiseptic properties. In large doses it
causes ringing in the ears, a feeling of fulness in
the head, dizziness, slight deafness and at times
disturbances of vision; occasionally also a rise of
temperature (quinine fever). It is used as an anti-
periodic in malaria, in which disease it has a specific
action; it is also employed as an antipyretic in other
febrile affections, as a tonic in convalescence, as a
stimulant to the uterus during parturition, in whoop-
ing-cough, coryza, and hay -fever, q. acetate,
C20H24N2O2 . C2H4O2. Dose 1-15 gr. (0.065-T.0 Gm.).
q. albuminate. Dose 1-15 gr. (0.065-1.0 Gm.).
q. bisulphate (quinina hisulphas, U. S. P.). Dose
same as that of the sulphate, q. bromate, C20H24-
N2O3 . HBr03, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose
1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. camphorate, (C20H24-
N202)2. O0H16O4, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose
1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. carbolate, C20H24N2O2 . -
CeHeO, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 1-30 gr.
(0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. chlorate, C20H24N2O2 . HCIO3
+1IH2O, explosive white crystals, soluble in. water
and alcohol; used in fevers with symptoms of angina.
q. chlorophosphate, C20H24N2O2. HC1 . 2PO4H3 +
3II2O; used in obstinate cases of malaria, q. cin-
namate, C20II24N2O2 . C9H8O2; antipyretic and anti-
septic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. citrate,
(C2oH24N202)2 . C6H8O7+7H2O. Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13-
1.3 Gm.). q. ethylsulphate, C22H20N2O6, obtained
from a hot alcoholic solution of sodium sulphovinate
and quinine sulphate; recommended for subcutaneous
use. Dose 3-8 gr. (o.iQ-0.52 Gm.). q. ferrocyanide,
C20H24N2O2. H4Fe(CN)6-r-3H20, used in night-
sweats of tuberculosis. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65
Gm.). q. formate, C20H24N2O2 . CH2O2, used as is
the sulphate, q. glycerophosphate, (C2oH„4N202)2 . -
C3H7O3 . PO3; used in malaria, neuralgia, etc. Dose
2 gr. (o.i Gm.). q. hydrobromide (quinines hydro-
bromidum, U. S. P.), C20H24N2O2 . HBr+II20. Used
in the same doses as the sulphate, q. hydrochloride
(quinince hydrochloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), given as
i"? the sulphate, q. hydrochlorosulphate, C20II24N2O2 . -
HC1 . H2SO4+3H2O; for hypodermatic use as causing
less pain than any other salt of quinine, q. hydro-

iodate, C20H24N2O2 .HI, used as a nervous sedative
and in neuralgia internally or subcutaneously.
Dose i-i| gr. (0.06-0.1 Gm.). q. lygosinate, a
combination of quinine and lygosine, a fine, orange-
yellow powder. It is bactericide and antiseptic and
is used as a dusting-powder, q. muriate. See q.
hydrochloride, q. oleate (oleatum quinince), a mixture
of exsiccated quinine, 1 part, and oleic acid, 3 parts;
used in the administration of quinine by inunction,
q. peptonate, a brown powder containing 80 % of
peptone and 20 % of quinine; nutrient and tonic.
Dose 5-60 gr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). q. phenate, q.
phenolate. See q. carbolate. q. phosphate, (C20H24-
N202)2H3P04+8H20, antiperiodic. Dose 1-30 gr.
(0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. phthalate. (C2oH24N202)2C8H604;
used as is the sulphate. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0
Gm.). q. quinate, C20II24N2O2 . C7H12O6+2H2O; used
subcutaneously. Dose, as the sulphate, q. quino-
vate, C20H24N2O2 . C24H38O4 (?), antiperiodic. Dose
1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. saccharate, q., sac-
charinate, C20H24N2O2 . CeHioOs, antipyretic and
antiseptic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q.
salicylate (quinina salicylas, U. S. P.), 2C20H24N2O2 . -
C7H6O3+H2O; antiperiodic, and used to relieve the
pains of rheumatism and gout. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.).
q. stearate, C20H22N2O2 . C18H36O2; used as is the sul-
phate, but by inunction, q. sulphate (quinince
sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), is the salt most commonly
employed. Dose in malaria 5-24 gr. (0.32-1.6 Gm.)
before the paroxysms; as a prophylactic 2-4 gr.
(0.13-0.26 Gm.); as a tonic 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm);
in whooping-cough i| gr. (0.1 Gm.) for each year of
the child's age, or locally in solution of 1-2 gr. (0.065-
0.13 Gm.) to the ounce (32 Co.) by the atomizer.
q. sulphochlorhydrate, used by injection in car-
cinoma. Dose 0.50-0.60 eg. every other day.
q. sulphocresotate, an intestinal antiseptic, q.
sulphoethylate. See q. ethylsulphate. q. sulpho-
muriate. See q. hydrochlorosulphate. q. sulpho-
tartrate, a compound of quinine sulphate and tartaric
acid; antipyretic, antiseptic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-
.2.0 Gm.). q. sulphovinate. See q. ethylsulphate.
q. tannate, used in whooping-cough, q. thymate,
used as is the sulphate. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0
Gm.). q. and urea hydrochloride, employed chiefly
for hypodermatic use. q.-urethane.. a nonirritant
compound made by heating 3 parts of quinine hydro-
chloride with 15 parts of urethane and 3 parts of
water; used for intravenous injection, q. valerate,
used in doses of 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.) in nerv-
ous debility and hemicrania.

quininism, quinism (kwin-en'-izm, kwin'-izm).
Cinchonism.

quiniometry (kwin-e-om'-et-re) [quinia; ixkrpov,
measure] The determination of the amount of
alkaloids contained in samples of cinchona bark.

Quinlan's test for bile (kwin' -Ian). On examina-
tion through a spectroscope absorption lines appear
in the violet end of the spectrum, in the presence of
bile.

quinochloral (kwin-o-klo'-ral). See chinoral.

quinoform (kwin'-o-form). See chinoform.

quinoidine (kwin-oi'-den). See chinoidine. q.,
animal-, a basic substance obtained from animal
tissues and having the property of fluorescence 1 ike
quinine.

quinol (kwin'-ol). See hydroquinone.

quinoline (kwin'-o-lln) [quinine], C9H7N. A liquid
alkaloid obtained in the destructive distillation of
quinine, or cinchonine, with potassium hydroxide;
it occurs also in coal-tar. It is antipyretic and
antiseptic. Dose 4-10 min. (0.2-0.6 Cc). q.-
bismuth sulphocyanate, (CHN . HSCN)3 Bi(SCN)3,
a granular, orange-red powder, insoluble in water,
alcohol, or ether; melts at 760 C. It is used in the
treatment of gonorrhea, skin diseases, and ulcers in
0.5 to 1 % solution, q. monohypochlorite. See
chinol. q. salicylate, C9H7N . C7H6O3, antiseptic and
antirheumatic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.).
Application, 0.7 % aqueous solution, q. sulphate,
C9H7N . H2SO4; antiseptic and used as is quinolin.
q. tartrate, (CgE^NXGtHeOeK antipyretic and
antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). In-
jection in gonorrhea, 0.7 % aqueous solution.

quinology (kwin-ol'-o-je) [Sp., quina, bark; Xoyos,
discourse]. The scientific study of the cinchona
trees and of their alkaloids.

quinone (kwin' -on) [quinine], C.6H4O2. 1. A yel-
low, crystalline substance obtained by heating quinic
acid with manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid.

QUINOPYRINE

739

Q.V.

2. A general name for certain derivatives of the
benzene series.

quinopyrine {kwin-o-pi'-ren). A concentrated
aqueous solution of quinine hydrochloride and
antipyrin, used subcutaneously in malaria.

quinosol (kwin'-o-sol). i. C9H6N . OSO3K+H2O.
Oxyquinoline potassium sulphate, a yellow powder,
soluble in water; antipyretic, antiseptic, styptic,
and deodorant. Syn., chinosol. 2. The proprietary
name for a neutral combination of tricresyl sulphonate
and quinoline, with tricresol. It is not caustic, and
is soluble in water to the extent of 1 in 25. A dis-
infectant for surgical instruments, and bactericide.
Application, 0.1 to 2 % solutions.

quinotannic acid (kwin-o-tan'-ik) [quinine; tannin].
A form of tannic acid found in cinchona bark.

quinotropine <kwin-o-tro'-pen). Urotropine quin-
ate.

quinovin (kwin'-o-vin) [Peruvian, kina, bark],
C3sH620n. Kinovin, a bitter glucoside found in
cinchona bark.

quinoxim (kwin-oks'-im) [Sp., quina, bark; 6£us,
acid]. Nitrosophenol ; prepared by the action of
nitrous acid upon phenols.

Quinquaud's disease (kang-ko') [Charles Eugene
Quinquaud, French physician, 1841-1894]. A disease
of the hair-follicles attended with cicatrization of the
skin. Syn., acne decalvans; folliculitis decalvans.
Q.'s panaris, phlegmonous inflammation of the
fingers and toes of neuropathic origin, differing from
Morvan's disease in that it is painful and never
accompanies paretic phenomena, and ordinarily
does not entail necrosis of the phalanges. Q.'s
phenomenon or sign, an involuntary crepitus of hand
and fingers when extended, often found in alcoholics.
Q.'s sign of chronic alcoholism, the subject for
examination is directed to hold the tips of the out-
stretched fingers of one hand perpendicularly to the
outspread palm of the examiner and to press upon
it with only moderate firmness. In the course of
two or three seconds, if the person is addicted to
alcohol, crepitation of the phalanges will be per-
ceptible, as if the bones of each finger impinged
roughly upon each other. The sound ranges in
intensity from a slight grating to crashing.

quinquevalent (kwin-kwev'-al-ent) [quinque, five;
valere, to be worth]. Having a valence of five;
capable of combining with or replacing five atoms
of hydrogen or their equivalent.

quinquina (kwin-kwi'-na). Cinchona.

quinquinina (kwin-kwe-ni'-nah). A preparation
containing alkaloids of cinchona bark, extracted by
macerating in acidulated water, and precipitated by
a soluble alkali.

quinquivalent (kwin-kwiv'-al-ent). See quinque-
valent.

quinsy (kwin'-ze) [<rvi>, with; a7xew, to choke].
Acute inflammation of the tonsils, usually tending
to suppuration, q., lingual, quinsy originating in
the lingual tonsil and involving the tongue.

quintan (kwin'-tan) [quintus, fifth]. An inter-
mittent fever, the paroxysms of which recur every
four days, i. e., on the fifth, ninth, thirteenth,
etc.

quintessence (kwin-les'-ens) [quintus, fifth ; essentia,
essence]. The active principle of any substance,
concentrated to the utmost degree.

quintipara (kwin-tip'-ar-ah) [quintus, fifth; par ere,
to bring forth]. A woman who has been in labor
five times, or who is in labor for the fifth time.

quintisternum (kwin-te-ster'-num) [quintus, fifth,
sternum]. A part of the sternum having a special
center of ossification corresponding with the fifth
intercostal space.

quintuplet {kwin-tu' -plet) [quintuplex, five-fold].
One of five children born at one time.

quionine (kwi'-o-nen). "Tasteless quinine." A
mixture of cinchona alkaloids, principally cinchoni-
dine.

quitenidine (kwit-en'-i-den). An alkaloid formed
by the oxidation of quinidine.

quittor, quitter (kwit'-or, kwit'-er). In farriery,
a fistulous wound upon the quarters or the heel of
the coronet, caused by treads, pricks in shoeing, or
other injuries which produce suppuration at the
coronet or within the foot.

quiz (kwiz) [quceso, I ask]. 1. A recitation, con-
ducted by questions and answers, in which the student
familiarizes himself with his studies. 2. To teach
by this method of questions and answers.

quizzer (kwiz'-er) [quiz]. One who conducts a quiz.

quotidian (kwo-tid'-e-an) [quot, as many as; dies,
day], t. Recurring every day. 2. An intermittent
fever, the paroxysms of which recur daily, q.,
double, a fever having two paroxysms a day, usually
differing in character.

quotient (kwo'-shenf) [quoties, how often]. The
result of the process of division, q., blood, the result
obtained by dividing the quantity of hemoglobin in
the blood by the number of erythrocytes, expressed
in each case as a percentage of the normal amount.
q., protein, the result of dividing the amount of
globulin in the blood-plasma by the amount of
albumin in it. q. respiratory, the result obtained by
dividing the carbon dioxide expired by the oxygen

absorbed. This is normally — = 09.

q. v. Abbreviation for (1) quantum vis, — as much
as you wish. (2) For quod vide — which see.

R. The abbreviation of Reaumur, of resistance
(electric), of residuum, of right, and of recipe, take
(generally written R.).

— R. Abbreviation for Rinne's test negative.

+ R. Abbreviation for Rinne's test positive.

Raabe's test for albumin (rah'-beh) [Gustav Raabe,
German physician, 1875- ]. Place in a test-
tube 1 Cc. of the liquid to be tested; on the addition
of a small piece of trichloracetic acid a white zone
or ring will be formed in the presence of albumin.
The ring produced by uric ac;d is diffused and not
sharply denned.

rabbeting (rab'-et-ing) [OF., rabouter, to push
back]. The interlocking of the broken serrated
edges of a fractured bone.

rabelaisin {rab-el-a'-is-in). A glucoside from the
bark of Lunasia amara, of the Philippine Islands;
the bark is used in inflammation of the eye and as
an arrow-poison by the Negritos.

rabiate (ra'-be-at) [rabies, rage] Rabid.

rabic (jab'-ik) [rabies]. Pertaining to rabies, as
rabic virus.

rabid (rab'-id) [rabies]. Affected with rabies
or hydrophobia; pertaining to rabies, as rabid virus.

rabies (rab'-e-ez) [L.]. Lyssa or hydrophobia.
The latter term is generally applied to the human
disease consequent upon the bite of a rabid dog or
other animal. Rabies is an acute infectious disease
of animals dependent upon a specific agent, Bacillus
lyssa, and communicable to man by inoculation.
All animals are liable to the disease, but it occurs
most frequently in the wolf, the cat, and the dog,
and is chiefly propagated by the latter, which is
specially susceptible. The toxin has a special affinity
for the nervous system, and is found in the secre-
tions, particularly in the saliva. See hydrophobia.
r., dumb, rabies in rodents, in which the preliminary
and second periods are absent, and the paralytic
stage is pronounced from the onset (Osier), r.
canina, r. felina, rabies in or acquired from the dog
or cat respectively, r., false. See r., pseudo.
r. paralytic. 1. Of Gamaleia, rabies in which the
third stage is the only manifestation of the infection.
2. An acute ascending spinal paralysis due to infec-
tion, probably rabietic. r., pseudo. 1. A neurotic
or hysterical manifestation closely simulating rabies,
out of longer duration and amenable to treatment
(Osier). 2. A morbid condition resembling rabies
induced experimentally in animals, and occurring in
dogs infested with the Strongylus gigas. r., street,
Pasteur's term for the rabies of dogs infected natur-
ally. Fr. rage des rues. r. tanacetic, a morbid
condition resembling rabies induced in rabbits by
the intravenous injection of oil of tanacetum.

rabietic (ja-be-et'-ik) [rabies, rage]. Pertaining
to affected with, or of the nature of, rabies.

rabific (ra-bif-ik) [rabies, rage]. Causing rabies;
communicating hydrophobia.

Rabuteau's test for hydrochloric acid in the con-
tents of the stomach (rab-oo-to'). Make a solution
containing 50 Cc. of starch mucilage, 1 Gm. of potas-
sium iodate, and 0.5 Gm. of potassium iodide; add to
it the filtered contents of the stomach. The solution
will become blue in the presence of free HC1.

race (ras). 1. A genealogic, ethnic, or tribal stock;
a breed or variety of plants or animals made perma-
nent by constant transmission of its characters
through the offspring. 2. A root, especially of ginger,
r.-ginger, ginger in the race or root.

raceme (ra-sem') [racemus, a cluster of grapes].
In biology, an indeterminate inflorescence having a
common peduncle with one-flowered pedicels ar-
ranged along its sides, r., compound, a raceme in
which the pedicels branch and form secondary
racemes, r., false, a circinate, or scorpioid, cyme.

racemose (ras'-e-mos) [racemus, a bunch of grapes].
Resembling a bunch of grapes, as a racemose gland.
r. aneurysm, aneurysm by anastomosis, r. cells,

clusters of cells arranged around a central duct
r. varix, anastomotic varix.

rachi- (ra-ke-) [rhachis]. A prefix meaning relating
to the spine. For words beginning thus, see rhach-.

racial (ra'-se-al) [origin obscure]. Pertaining or
due to one's race.

raclage (rak-lahzj') [Fr.]. The destruction of a
soft growth by rubbing, as with a brush or harsh
sponge; grattage.

raclement. See raclage.

rad. Abbreviation of Latin radix, root.

radal (ra'-dal). A 20 % solution of protargol;
used as a prophylactic in gonorrhea.

Radcliffe's elixir (rad'-klif). Compound tincture
of aloes.

radesyge (rah-da-su'-geh) [Norwegian]. A disease
also known as Scandinavian syphilis, or Norwegian
leprosy, and characterized by ulceration and other
cutaneous lesions. It is probable that under this
name are included syphilitic and leprous lesions.

radiad {ra'-de-ad) [radius; ad, toward]. Toward
the radial side.

radial {ra'-de-al) [radius]. 1. Radiating; diverging
from a common center. 2. Pertaining to or in rela-
tion with the radius or bone of the forearm, as the
radial artery.

radiale (ra-de-a'-le). The scaphoid bone of the
carpus.

radialis (ra-de-a'-lis) [L.]. Pertaining to the
radius. Various muscles are so called. See extensor
and flexor, under muscles, table of.

radian (ra'-de-an). An arc whose length is equal
to the radius of the circle of which it is a part.

radiant (r a' -de-ant) [radius]. 1. Radiate. 2. E-
mitting rays. r. energy, a form of energy emitted
by all bodies in proportion to their temperature,
and propagated by undulations in the luminiferous
ether. When the body reaches 6oo° C, it begins to
radiate light as well as heat. That portion of
radiant energy which does not produce the sensation
of light is generally spoken of as radiant heat, in
distinction from radiant light, r. matter, matter in
the ultragaseous state, as in a Crookes tube.

radiate (ra'-de-at) [see radiation]. Diverging from
a central point.

radiated substance of kidney. The medullary
portion of the kidney.

radiatio (ra-de-a'-she-o) [L.]. See radiation.

radiation (ra-de-a'-shun) [radiare, to radiate].
1. The act of radiating or diverging from a central
point, as radiation of light; divergence from a center,
having the appearance of rays. 2. In cerebral ana-
tomy, certain groups of fibers that diverge after
leaving their place of origin, r., acoustic, a tract of
fibers extending from the medial geniculate body to
the superior and transverse temporal gyri. r.,
cortico-striate, fibers running between the corpus
striatum and the equatorial zone of the cortex, r.,
occipitothalamic, same as optic radiation, r., optic,
a large strand of fibers continuous with those of the
corona radiata, derived mainly from the pulvinar,
the external and internal geniculate bodies, and the
optic tract, and radiating into the occipital lobes,
r., striothalamic, a system of fibers connecting the
corpus striatum with the optic thalamus and the
subthalamic region, r., tegmental, the radiating
fibers of the hind# portion of the internal capsule.
r., temporothalamic, same as acoustic radiation.
r., thalamic, certain tracts of fibers from the optic
thalami that radiate into the hemispheres.

radical (rad'-ik-al) [radix, a root]. 1. Belonging
to the root; going to the root, or attacking the cause
of a disease; the opposite of conservative. 2. A
group of atoms that acts in combination as a simple
element, but is incapable of existence in the free
state, as NEU, ammonium, Cells, phenyl, r. opera-
tion, an operation for a complete cure of a morbid
condition.

RADICES

741

RAGLE

radices (ra-di'-sez). Plural of radix.

radicle (rad'-ik-l) [dim. of radix], i. A little
root, as the radicle of a nerve, one of the ultimate
fibrils of which a nerve is composed; radicle of a vein,
one of the minute vessels uniting to form a vein.
r., ascending {of the fornix), 'the anterior crura or
fibers, extending upward from the corpora albicantia.
r., descending (0/ the fornix), the posterior crura or
those fibers of the fornix extending from the optic
thalami to the corpora albicantia. r., electro-
negative, the nonmetallic constituent of a compound
which, in electrolysis, is evolved at the anode, r.,
electro-positive, that constituent of a salt which, in
electrolysis, appears at the kathode, and which is
either a base or a group of atoms having basic proper-
ties, r., vascular, vessels uniting to form a larger
vessel, r.s, venous, the capillaries forming the
smallest veins. Syn., capillaries, venous. 2. See
radical.

radicotomy (rad-ik-ot'-o-me) [radix, root; rofir],
incision]. Same as rhizotomy, q. v.

radicula, radicule (rad-ik'-u-lah, rad'-ik-ul) [radi-
cula, little root]. Same as radicle.

radiculalgia (rad-ik-u-lal'-je-ah) [radicula, a little
root; aXyos, pain]. Neuralgia affecting the nerve-
roots.

radicular (rad-ik'-u-lar). Pertaining to a root or
to a radicle; specifically, pertaining to the roots of
the spinal nerves, r. arteries, arteries which ac-
company neive roots into the spinal cord.

radiculectomy (rad-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [radicula ;
Iktout], excision]. Excision of a nerve rootlet; resection
of the posterior spinal nerve-roots.

radiculitis (rad-ik-u-li'-tis) [radicula; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a nerve root.

radien (ra'-de-en) [radius]. Belonging to the
radius in itself.

radii (ra'-de-i) [Plural of radius, a ray], r. auricu-
lares, lines projected on the cranium at right angles
to a line passing through the auricular points, r.
ciliares, the ciliary processes, r. frontis, wrinkles of
the forehead, r. lentis, lines radiating from the
poles of the crystalline lens. r. medullares, bundles
of receiving tubules of the kidney, beginning in one
tubule at the apices of the papilla?, dividing dichoto-
mously, and extending nearly to the cortical surface.

radio- (ra-de-o-) [radiare, to emit rays]. 1. A
prefix meaning pertaining to radiant energy or to
radium. 2. A prefix meaning relating to the radius.

radioactive {ra-de-o-ak'-tiv) [radio-; active]. Ex-
hibiting radiant energy.

radioactivity (ra-de-o-ak-tiv'-it-e). A property
possessed by certain substances of spontaneously
emitting radiations which are capable of penetrating
substances which are opaque to ordinary rays of
light.

radiobe ira'-de-ob) [radius, a ray; /3i'os, life]. A
peculiar, microscopic, radium formation, thought
to be intermediate between a crystal and a living
microorganism.

radiobicipital (ra-de-o-bi-sip'-it-al) [radio-; biceps].
Pertaining to the radius and the biceps.

radiocarpal (ra-de-o-kar'-pal) [radio-; carpus].
Pertaining to the radius and the carpus.

radiochemistry (ra'-de-o-kem'-is-ire) . That branch
of chemistry which deals with radioactive phenomena.

radiochronometer (ra-de-o-kro-nom'-et-er) [radio- ;
chronometer]. An instrument for testing the charac-
ter of Roentgen-tubes, and the penetrating quality
of the X-rays.

radiode ira'-de-od) [radio-; 656s, a way]. An
electric attachment for the application of radium.

radiodermatitis (ra-de-o-der-mat-i'-tis) . See acro-
dermatitis.

radiodiagnosis (ra-de-o-di-ag-no'-sis) [radio-; diag-
nosis]. The diagnosis of a lesion by means of radio-
graphy or radioscopy.

radiodigital (ra-de-o-dij'-it-al) [radio-; digital].
1. Pertaining to the radius and the fingers. 2. Per-
taining to the fingers on the radial side of the
hand.

radio-element {ra'-de-o-el'-em-ent). An element
which possesses radioactivity.

radiogen (ra'-de-o-jen). A trade name for certain
radioactive products.

radiogram (ra'-de-o-gram). See skiagram.

radiograph (ra'-de-o-graf) [radio-; ypaxptiv, to write].
1. To obtain a picture by the action of radiant energy
upon a sensitive plate. 2. Apparatus for obtaining
such a picture. 3- A picture so produced.

radiographer (ra-de-og'-raf-ur). One skilled in
radiography.

radiography (ra-de-og'-ra-fe). See skiagraphy.

radiohumeral (ra-de-o-hu'-mer-al) [radio-; hu-
merus]. Pertaining to the radius and the humerus.

radiology (ra-de-ol'-o-je) [radio-; \6yos, science].
The science of radiant energy.

radiolus (ra-di'-o-lus) [dim. of radius, a ray].
A probe or sound. _

radiometacarpalis (ra-de-o-met-ak-ar-pa'-lis) [ra-
dio-; metacarpus]. The flexor carpi radialis brevis
when the insertion is at a metacarpal bone.

radiometer {ra-de-om'-et-er) [radio-; ixkrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for testing the penetration
in radiography; a skiameter.

radiomuscular (ra-de-o-mus'-ku-lar) [radius; mus-
cular]. Relating to the radius and its muscles.
The name of branches of the radial artery distributed
to the forearm, and of filaments of the radial nerve
going to the same muscles.

radion (ra'-de-on). A particle thrown off by a
radioactive substance.

radioneuritis (ra-de-o-nii-ri'-tis). A form of
neuritis observed in persons who have worked for a
long time with *-rays.

radiopalmar (ra-de-c-pal'-mar) [radio-; palm],
1. Pertaining to the radius and the palm. 2. Per-
taining to the outer side of the palm.

radiopraxis (ra-de-o-praks'-is) [radio-; xpa|iy,
action; practice]. The art of applying radiant
energy either in therapeutics or for other pur-
poses.

radioscopy (ra-de-os'-ko-pe) [radio-; ancoireZv, to
view]. The process of securing an image of an
object upon a fluorescent screen by means of radiant
energy.

radiostereoscopy (ra-de-o-ster-e-os'-ko-pe) [radius,
ray; arepeos, solid; aKoirelv, to view]. The application
of the principle of the stereoscope, obtaining a view-
point for the left eye and one for the right by lateral
displacement of the tube along the plane of the plate,
determining this displacement by the formula of
Marie and Ribault for the purpose of demonstrating
the different planes in which various objects shown
by radioscopy are situated.

radiotherapeutic (ra-de-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [radiother-
apy]. Having reference to the therapeutic use of
radiant energy.

radiotherapeutics (ra-de-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks) . See
radiotherapy.

radiotherapy (ra-de-o-ther'-a-pe). The treatment
of disease by means of X-rays, radium, and other
radioactive substances.

radiothorium (ra-de-o-thor'-e-um). A radioactive
substance which is neither radium nor thorium, but
has properties like those of thorium.

radioulnar (ra-de-o-ul'-nar) [radio-; ulna]. Per-
taining to the radius and ulna.

radium (ra'-de-um) [radiare, to emit rays]. An
elementary body from pitch-blende, characterized
by the phenomenon radioactivity. It is obtained
by the fractional reprecipitation or recrystallization
of the barium chloride prepared from pitch-blende.
See elements, table of.

radius (ra'-de-us) [L., "a spoke of a wheel"].

1. A ray. 2. The outer of the two bones of the
forearm, r. fixus, an imaginary line connecting the
inion and the hormion.

radix (ra'-diks) [L.: gen., radicis; pi., radices].
A root. Any one of the spinal nerve roots, r. arcus
vertebra?, a root or pedicle of the vertebral arch.

raffinase (raf'-in-as). The enzyme which decom-
poses raffinose; it is found in the seed of the cotton
plant, in the root of the sugar beet, in certain yeasts,
and in barley and wheat during germination.

raffinose {raf'-in-os), C18H32O16+5H2O. A tri-
saccharid derived from beets.

rafle (ra'-fl) [Ft.]. A pustular disease of cattle.

rag-picker's disease. An acute febrile disease
occurring in workmen engaged in sorting rags in
paper-factories. It is supposed to be due to the
inhalation of anthrax bacilli or spores, and is charac-
terized by an exudation into the pulmonary tissue,
bronchial glands, and pleural cavity. Syn.. hadern-
krankheit.

rage {raj) [ME.]. 1. Violent passion or anger.

2. Any intensely painful affection. 3. (rahzj) [Fr.]#
Hydrophobia; rabies.

ragle (rahgl) [Ft.]. An hallucination due to
isolation and insomnia, observed in French troops

RAILWAY SICKNESS

742

RAMI

while in the desert, in which they imagined they saw
prairie and water.

railway sickness. See car-sickness, r. kidney, a
renal affection said to be due to the constant jar of
railway journeys, r.-spine, a term given by Erichsen
to a varied group of spinal symptoms consequent on
slight injuries or concussions received in railway
accidents. The condition is classed with the trau-
matic neuroses and is a form of neurasthenia. It is
frequently a cause for litigation. See Erichsen's
disease.

Rainey's capsules, corpuscles, or tubes (ra'-ne)
[George Rainey, English anatomist, 1801-1884]. See
Miescher's tubes.

raise (raz) [ME. raisen, to raise]. To expectorate.

raised (razd) [ME., raisen, to raise]. Elevated.
r. base (for artificial teeth) , a term applied in mechani-
cal dentistry to a metallic base, surmounted by a
box or chamber soldered to it, and designed to
compensate for the loss of substance which the parts
have sustained. A base thus constructed is usually
termed by dentists a raised plate.

raising (r a' -zing). 1. Expectoration. 2. One of
the Swedish movements, either active or passive.
It is used for deformities of the back, to relieve
constipation, to act upon the abdomen, etc.

raisins (ra'-zins). Dried grapes; passu1 a?, r.,
Corinth, currants.

rake teeth. A term applied to teeth separated
by intervals, like those of a rake.

rale (rahl) [Fr., rdler, to rattle]. An adventitious
sound heard over the chest during respiration and
indicating some local disturbance. Rales are either
dry or moist (produced by the bubbling of air through
liquid), sonorous or sibilant. They are also classi-
fied according to their place of production into
laryngeal, tracheal, bronchial, vesicular, cavernous,
pleural, pericardial, r., amphoric, a large*, musical,
tinkling rale, heard in inspiration and expiration, in
tuberculous and abscess cavities; produced by move-
ment of air in a tense-walled cavity containing _ air
and communicating with a bronchus, r., bubbling,
large, a moist rale, larger than the medium bubbling,
heard in inspiration and expiration in bronchitis
and pulmonary engorgement; produced by passage
of air through frothy mucus in the trachea and
larger bronchi, r., bubbling, medium, a moist rale
larger than the small bubbling, heard in inspiration
and expiration in capillary bronchitis, especially in
children; produced by the passage of air through
mucus in the larger tubes, r., bubbling, small, a
small, moist rale, sounding like the bursting of small
bubbles, heard in inspiration and expiration in
capillary bronchitis, especially in children; produced
by the passage of air through mucus in the bronchi-
oles, r., cavernous, a hollow, metallic rale, heard
in inspiration and expiration in the third stage of
pulmonary tuberculosis; produced by the passage of
air through a small cavity with flaccid walls that
collapse with expiration, r., clicking, a small,
sticky rale heard in inspiration in the early stage of
pulmonary tuberculosis; caused by passage of air
through softening material in the smaller bronchi.
r., consonating, a bright, clear, ringing rale, heard
in inspiration and expiration in tuberculous pneu-
monia; produced when the bronchial tubes are sur-
rounded by a consolidated tissue, r., crackling, dry,
a sharp, short, clicking rale, heard in inspiration
in the second or softening stage of pulmonary tuber-
culosis and in pulmonary gangrene; produced by the
breaking down of lung tissue, r., crackling, large, a
dry rale larger than the medium crackling, heard in
inspiration and expiration, in pulmonary tuberculosis
and pneumonia, after the formation of small cavities;
produced by fluid in very small cavities, r., crack-
ling, medium, a dry rale, larger than the small
crackling, heard chiefly in inspiration, in softening of
tuberculous deposit or pneumonic exudation; caused
by fluid in thejfiner bronchi, r., crackling, small,
a small, dry rale, sounding like the breaking of small
shells, heard chiefly in inspiration, in softening of
tuberculous deposit or pneumonic exudation ; pro-
duced by fluid in the finer bronchi, r., crepitant,
a small rale, sounding like the rubbing of hair be-
tween the fingers, heard at the end of inspiration in
pneumonia, early stage, edema of the lungs, hypo-
static pneumonia; localized in pulmonary tubercu-
losis. Produced by the passage of air into vesicles,
collapsed or containing fibrinous exudation; usually
at the base of the lungs, r. de retour. Same as rale

redux. r., dry, a large and sonorous, or small and
hissing or whistling rale heard in inspiration and
expiration in bronchitis and asthma, localized in
beginning pulmonary tuberculosis; produced by
narrowing of the bronchial tubes from thickening
of the mucous lining, from spasmodic contraction of
the muscular coat, viscid mucus within, or pressure
from without, r., extrathoracic, one produced in
the trachea or larynx, r., friction, a grazing, rubbing,
grating, creaking, or crackling rale heard in inspira-
tion and expiration, most distinct at the end of
inspiration, in pleurisy and pericarditis; produced by
the rubbing together of serous surfaces, roughened
by inflammation or deprived of their natural secre-
tion, r., gurgling, a moist rale, larger than the
large bubbling, sounding like the bursting of large
bubbles, heard in inspiration and expiration in
pulmonary tuberculosis after the formation of large
cavities, r., guttural, one produced in the throat.
r., moist, one produced by the passage of air through
bronchi containing fluid, r., mucous (of Laennec),
a modification of the subcrepitant rale, heard in
inspiration and expiration in pulmonary emphysema;
produced by viscid bubbles bursting in the bronchial
tubes, r. redux, return of the crepitant rale heard
in the resolution stage of pneumonia; produced by
the passage of air through fluid in a bronchial tube.
Syn., rale de retour. r., sibilant, a high-pitched and
even hissing or piping rale, heard in inspiration and
expiration in bronchitis, asthma, and localized in be-
ginning pulmonary tuberculosis ; produced by narrow-
ing of the smaller bronchi from viscid mucus adhering
to the walls, from thickening of the lining membrane,
or spasmodic contraction, r., sonorous, a low-pitched,
snoring rale, heard in inspiration and expiration, most
frequently in bronchitis and spasmodic asthma;
produced by lessened caliber of the larger bronchi,
from spasm, tumefaction of mucous lining, or external
pressure, r., subcrepitant, a small, moist rale heard
in inspiration and expiration in capillary bronchitis;
produced by the passage of air through mucus in the
capillary bronchial tubes, r., subcrepitant, Hirtz's,
a moist, metallic rale, pathognomonic of tuberculous
softening, r. vesicular. Same as r. crepitant.

Ralfe's test [Charles Henry Ralfe, English physi-
cian, 1842-1896]. 1. For acetone in urine: Boil
4 Cc. of liquor potassa? with 1.5 gm. of potassium
iodide; overlay it with 4 Cc. of urine; a yellow ring
studded with specks of iodoform appears at the line
of contact. 2. For peptones in urine: Place 4 Cc.
of Fehling's solution in a test-tube, and overlay it
with an equal amount of urine; a rose-colored halo
appears above the zone of phosphates.

ramal (ya'-mal) [ramus, a branch]. Pertaining
to a ramus; branching, ramalis vena, the portal
vein and its branches.

ramaninjana (ram-an-in-yah'-nah). A nervous
disease of Madagascar.

Ramdohr's operation (ram'-dar) [C. A. von Ramdohr,
American surgeon, 1855-1912]. For enter or rhaphy ;
the insertion of the proximal within the distal end of
the intestine, and suturing. R.'s suture, invagination
of the upper portion of the intestine into the lower,
followed by suture.

ramenta (ra-men'-tah) [L.; pi., filings, scrapings].
Shreds, filings, or shavings, r. ferri, iron filings.
r. intestinorum, shreds of intestinal mucus discharged
with the evacuations in severe dysentery.

ramex (ra'-meks) [gen., ramicis: pi., ramices], A
hernia, or hernial or scrotal tumor, r. varicosus,
variococele.

rami (ra'-mi) [L.]. Plural of ramus, q. v. r.
accelerantes, accelerator nerves, r. alares, branches
of the lateral nasal artery supplying the nasal pinnae.
r. anteriores nervorum spinalium, the anterior
divisions of the spinal nerves, r. cardiaci (neryi
vagi), the cardiac branches of the pneumogastric
nerve, r. communicantes noni, the branch of the
descendens noni which join the communicating
branches of the second and third cervical nerves,
r. emissaria, branches of the anterior spinal plexuses
which emerge through the intervertebral and anterior
sacral foramina, r. intestinales, branches of the
cerebrospinal nerves supplying the abdominal viscera.
r., ischio-pubic, the descending rami of the ischium
and the pubes taken as one. r. linguales (nervi
glossopharyngei), the terminal branches of the
ninth nerve, r. marginales, the branches of the
palpebral arteries which aid in forming the arcus
arteriosus palpebral r. musculares, unnamed

RAMIE

743

RANSOHOFF'S OPERATION

branches of nerves or blood-vessels distributed to
the muscles. r. olfactorii, the olfactory nerve.
r. pharyngei (nervi vagi), the branches of the vagus
going to the pharynx, r. ventrales, the branches
of the intercostal arteries distributed to the inter-
costal muscles and to the ribs.

ramie (ram'-e) [Malay]. See r. fiber, r. fiber,
China-grass. The bast fiber from two varieties
of Boehmeria nivea, known in India as Rhea, and in
the Malay Archipelago as Ramie. The properly
prepared fiber is of fine, silky luster, soft, and extra-
ordinarily strong. It is the most perfect of all the
vegetable fibers, and is composed of pure cellulose.

ramification (ram-if-ik-a'-shun) [ramus ; facere, to
make], i. The act or state of branching. 2. A branch.

ramify (ram'-e-fi) [see ramification]. To form
branches; to branch.

ramolescence {ram-o-les'-ens) [Fr. ramollir, to
soften]. A softening; mollification.

ramolissement (rah-mo-les-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Morbid
softening of any tissue or part.

Ramon y CajaPs cells (rah-mon'-e-kah-hahV). See
Cajal.

ramose (ra'-mos) [ramus]. Having many branches;
branching.

Ramsden's eye-piece [Jesse Ramsden, English
optician, 1735-1800]. An eye-piece having two
plano-convex lenses, used with a micrometer.

ramulus (ram'-u-lus) [L.: pi., ramuli]. A small
branch, or ramus.

ramus (ra'-mus) [L.; pi., rami]. 1. A branch,
especially of a vein, artery, or nerve. 2. A slender
process of bone projecting like a branch or twig from
a large bone, as the ramus of the lower jaw; ascending
ramus of the ischium; ascending or horizontal ramus
of the pubes. r. abdominalis, the hypogastric nerve.
r. acetabuli, a branch of the internal circumflex artery
supplying the hip-joint, r. anastomoticus, the branch
of an artery by which an anastomosis is established.
r. anterior ascendens, r. anterior nervi acustici.
See cochlear nerve, r. ascendens, the anterior branch
of the fissure of Sylvius, r. ascendens glabellaris,
the branch of the angular artery going to the inner
angle of the orbit, r. ascendens nervi vagi, a branch
of the superior laryngeal nerve going to the epiglottis.
r. ascendens (inferior) ossis ischii, the ascending
branch of the ischium, r., ascending (of the ischium) ,
the portion between its tuberosity and the aceta-
bulum, r. ascending (of the pubic bone), the portion
between its body and the acetabulum, r. auricularis
nervi vagi. See nerve of Arnold, r. bulbocavernosus.
See artery of the bulb of the urethra, r. canalis spinalis,
the branch of the intercostal artery supplying the
walls of the spinal canal, r. cardiacus nervi vagi
inferior, inferior cardiac nerve, r. cardiacus nervi
vagi superior, superior cardiac nerve, r. cervi-
cofacialis (nervi facialis), cervicofacial nerve, r.
cochleae, r. cochlearis, the cochlear nerve, r. com-
municans, a branch of a spinal nerve connecting it
with m the sympathetic ganglia, r. communicans
anterior, anterior _ communicating artery of the
brain, r. communicans medullas spinalis, a branch
of a spinal nerve uniting it with the sympathetic.
r. communicans posterior, the posterior communi-
cating artery of the brain, r. cruralis, lumbo-
inguinal nerve, r. cutaneus nervi radialis. See
radial nerve, r. cutaneus palmaris longus. See
r. palmaris longus nervi mediant, r. descendens.
1. The descendens noni nerve. 2. The inferior
division of the inferior maxillary nerve, r. descendens
nervi hypoglossi, the descendens noni nerve, r.
descendens (superior) ossis ischii, the descending
branch of the ischium, r. descendens ossis pubis,
the descending branch of the pubic bone, r., de-
scending (of the ischium), the portion between its
body and tuberosity, r., descending (of the pubic
bone), the portion included between its body and
its junction with the ischium, r. dexter arteriae
pulmonalis, the right pulmonary artery, r. dorsalis
nasi, the dorsal artery of the nose. r. dorsalis nervi
radialis. See radial nerve, r. dorsalis nervi ulnaris.
See ulnar nerve, r. dorsalis pollicis radialis, that
part of the radial artery which winds round the outer
side of the carpus and crosses the thumb beneath
the extensor tendons, r. durae matris vagi, a branch
from the jugular ganglion going to the meninges.
r*v externus, r. femoralis, lumbo-inguinal nerve.
r. hepaticus dexter, the right hepatic artery, r.
hepaticus sinister, the left hepatic artery, r., hori-
zontal (of the pubic bone). See r., ascending (of the

pubic bone), r. horizontalis fissuras Sylvii, the
posterior limb of the fissure of Sylvius, r. hori-
zontalis mandibular, the body of the inferior maxilla.
r. horizontalis (superior) ossis pubis (pectinis), the
horizontal ramus of the pubic bone. r. of the inferior
maxilla, the portion ascending from the angle, and
terminating in the condyle and coronoid process.
r. intermedius. See r. anastomoticus. r. lingualis
recurrens. See r. ascendens nervi vagi. r. magnus
nervi mediani, the musculocutaneous nerve. r.
major nervi maxillaris inferioris, the greater of the
two primary branches of the inferior maxillary nerve.
r. malaris, the inferior branch of the orbital nerve.
r. marginalis, the dorsal branch of the radial
nerve supplying the thumb, r. mastoideus. 1.
The small occipital nerve. 2. The occipital branch of
the "posterior auricular artery. 3. The posterior di-
vision of the great auricular nerve, r. maxillaris,
inferior nervi trigemini. See inferior maxillary nerve.
r. maxillaris superior (medius) nervi trigemini. See
superior maxillary nerve, r. medullas spinalis, the
spinal branch of the intercostal artery supplying the
spinal cord. r. meningeus posterior. See r. durce
matris vagi. r. minor nervi vidiani, the great super-
ficial petrosal nerve, r. muscularis nervi radialis, the
radial nerve, r. nasalis nervi ophthalmici. See
naso-ciliary nerve, r. nutriens, the nutrient artery
of a bone. r. ophthalmicus (quinti), the ophthalmic
nerve, r. ossis maxillae inferioris. See r. of the
inferior maxilla, r. ovarii. See artery, ovarian, r.
palmaris longus nervi mediani, a branch of the median
nerve distributed to the integument of palm of the
hand. r. perpendiculares (mandibular). See r. of
inferior maxilla, r. posterior. 1. The ilio-lumbar
artery. 2. The posterior limb of the fissure of
Sylvius, r. primus nervi trigemini (primus quinti).
See ophthalmic nerve, r. profundus nervi radialis.
See radial nerve, r. recurrens vagi, a branch of the
jugular ganglion which goes to the transverse sinus
through the jugular foramen, r. secundus (ganglii
Gasserii), r. secundus nervi trigemini (quinti paris),
the superior maxillary nerve, r. sinister arteriae
pulmonalis, the left pulmonary artery, r. sinualis,
the recurrent branch of the ophthalmic nerve going
to the tentorium, r. sublimis (volaris superficialis)
arteriae radialis, the superficial volar artery, r.
superficialis nervi radialis, the radial nerve, r.
superior ossis ischii, the descending ramus of the
ischium, r. superioris nervi trigemini, r. superioris
quinti, the ophthalmic nerve, r. supraspinatus, the
suprapinous artery, r. tertius nervi trigemini, the
inferior maxillary nerve, r. vestibularis, the vesti-
bular nerve, r. volaris nervi ulnaris, the volar dis-
tribution of the ulnar nerve.

ramuscule (ra-mus'-kul) [ramusculus]. A little
branch, especially of the pial arteries.

rancid (ran'-sid) [rancidus, sour]. Having a rank
or musty smell or taste; a term applied to fats and
oils that have undergone decomposition with the
development of volatile principles.

rancidity (ran-sid'-it-e) [rancid]. The state of
being rancid.

Randia (ran'-de-ah) [Isaac Rand, an English
botanist of the eighteenth century]. A genus of
cinchonaceous shrubs. R. aculeata, of West India;
ink-berry, indigo plant. The juice of the fruit is
astringent. R. dumetorum, of India; has a poisonous
and strongly emetic fruit. R. longifiora, of Bengal;
the cortex is used in intermittent fever.

Randolph's test for peptones in urine [Nathaniel
Archer Randolph, American physician, 1858-1887].
To 5 c.c. of faintly acid urine add 2 drops of saturated
solution of potassium iodide and 3 or 4 drops of
Millon's reagent; a yellow precipitate indicates the
presence of peptones.

range (ranj) [Fr., ranger, to dispose]. Scope;
extent, r. of accommodation. See accommodation,
range of relative.

ranine (ra'-nln) [rana, a frog]. 1. Pertaining to
a frog. 2. Pertaining to a ranula or to the region
in which a ranula occurs, as ranine artery.

Ranke's angle (ran'-keh) [Hans Randolph Ranke,
Dutch anatomist, 1849-1887]. The angle between
the horizontal plane of the head and a line from
the center of the alveolar border to the center of the
frontonasal suture.

Ransohoff's operation (ran'-so-hof) [Joseph Ranso-
hoff, American surgeon, 1853- ]• Discission of
the pulmonary pleura, employed as a substitute for
decortication.

RANULA

744

RATIONAL

ranula (ran'-U-lah) [rana, a frog]. A cystic tumor
beneath the tongue, due to the occlusion of the duct
of the sublingual or submaxillary gland, or of a
mucous gland of the floor of the mouth. Syn., frog-
tongue, r. lapidea, salivary calculi, r. pancreatica,
a dilated saccular condition of the larger pancreatic
ducts due to calculous obstruction, r., suprahyoid,
a cystic tumor situated above the hyoid bone.

ranunculaceous (ra-nung-ku-la'-se-us) [ranunculus,
a medicinal plant]. Noting, or relating to plants of
the order Ranunculacece.

ranunculus (ra-nung'-ku-lus) [L.]. A genus of
acrid herbs. Many of the species are poisonous and
have been used as a counterirritants and vesi-
cants. R. acris is very irritant and causes erythema
a?stivum.

Ranvier's accessory plexus (ron(g)-ve-a) [Louis
Antoine Ranvier, French histologist, 1835- ].
The superficial stroma plexus of the cornea. R.'s
cells, connective-tissue corpuscles occurring in tendon.
R.'s crosses, black, crucial figures seen at Ranvier's
nodes on staining with silver nitrate. The trans-
verse branch of the cross is represented by the line
of constriction, and the longitudinal branch by the
axis-cylinder. R.'s nodes, annular constrictions
of the neurilemma, with discontinuity of the medul-
lary sheath of the nerve-fiber. R.'s tactile discs,
nerve-endings consisting of small, cup-shaped bodies,
the concave side of which is directed toward the free
surface of the epidermis.

rape (rap) [rapere, to seize]. Sexual intercourse
with a woman without her free consent, r.-seed,
the seed of wild turnip, Brassica campestris.

raphania (raf-a'-ne-ah) [pa<f>avls, radish]. A
nervous affection attended with spasmodic disorder
of the joints and the limbs. It has been attributed
to a poisonous principle in the seeds of the wild
radish, which become mixed with grain. The affec-
tion is allied to ergotism and pellagra.

raphe (raf'-a) [pa<t>i], a seam]. A seam or ridge,
especially one indicating the line of junction of two
symmetrical halves, r. of the ampulla, longitudinal
ridge on the roof of the ampulla of the semicircular
canal, r. exterior, the stria longitudinalis medialis.
r. inferior corporis callosi, the raphe on the inferior
surface of the corpus callosum. r. palati duri. Same
as r. palatine, r., palatine, the narrow ridge of mucosa
in the mesial line of the palate, r. of the penis, a
continuation of the raphe of the scrotum upon the
penis, r., perineal, the ridge of skin in the middle
line of the perineum, r. of the pharynx, a fibrous
band in the median line of the posterior wall of the
pharynx, r. of the pons, the intersection of the
fibers at the meson as seen in transection, r. post-
oblongata, the posterior median fissure of the medulla
oblongata, r. of the scrotum, a median ridge dividing
the scrotum into two lateral halves; it is continuous
posteriorly, with the raphe of the perineum, anteriorly
with the raphe of the penis, r. Stilling's, a narrow
band connecting the pyramids of the oblongata.
r. superior corporis callosi, the longitudinal raphe
in the middle of the superior surface of the corpus
callosum. r. of the tongue, a median furrow on the
dorsal surface of the tongue corresponding to the
fibrous septum which divides it into symmetrical
halves.

raphidiospore (ra-fid'-e-o-spor). See exotospore.

raptus (rap'-tus) [rapere, to seize]. Any sudden
attack or seizure; rape. r. haemorrhagicus, a sudden
hemorrhage, r. maniacus, transient frenzy, r.
melancholicus, sudden and vehement melancholy.
r. nervorum, cramp or spasm.

rarefaction (rar-e-fak'-shun) [rarus, thin; rare;
facere, to make]. The act of rarefying or of decreas-
ing the density of a substance, especially the air.
r. of bone, the process of rendering bone more
porous.

rarefy (rar'-e-fi) [see rarefaction]. To make less
dense or more porous.

rarefying osteitis. See osteoporosis.

raritas (rar'-it-as) [L.]. Rarity. r. dentium,
fewness of teeth; less than the usual number of teeth,
with or without interspaces between them.

rasceta (ras-e'-tah) [L.]. The transverse lines or
creases on the inner side of the wrist.

Rasch's sign [Hermann Rasch, German obstetri-
cian, 1873- ]. Fluctuation obtained by applying
two fingers of the right hand to the cervix, as in
ballottement, and steadying the uterus through the
abdomen with the left hand. It depends upon the

presence of the liquor amnii, and is an early sign of
pregnancy.

rash [OF., rasche, from radere, to scrape]. A
superficial eruption of the skin or mucous membrane.
r., amygdalotomy, one that generally appears on the
neck, chest, or abdomen two or three days after an
operation on hypertrophied tonsils, r., caterpillar-, a
localized eruption attributed to the irritant action of
the hairs of certain caterpillars, r., drug-, one pro-
duced by drugs, r., medicinal. Seer., drug-, r., mul-
berry-, an eruption resembling an exanthem of
measles, sometimes occurring in typhus, r., nettle-.
See nettlerash. r., rose-. See roseola, r., scarlet.
See scarlatina, r., tonsillotomy. See r., amygdalo-
tomy. _ r., tooth-, any rash attributed to dentition.

rasion (ra'-zjun) [radere, to scrape]. The scraping
of drugs with a file.

Rasmussen's aneurysm. Dilatation of an artery
in a tuberculous cavity; its rupture is a frequent cause
of hemorrhage. R.'s test for urobilin, shake together
thoroughly equal parts of urine and ether to which
has been added 6 or 7 drops of tincture of iodine.
Allow it to stand until the solution separates into an
upper layef of ether and iodine and a lower one of
urine. In the presence of bile the lower layer turns
green if biliverdin also exists.

Raspail's reaction for albumins. These are
colored red by sugar and concentrated sulphuric
acid. R.'s sedative water, a lotion containing
camphor and ammonia.

raspatory (ras'-pa-to-re) [raspatorium, from radere,
to scrape]. A rasp or file for trimming the rough
surfaces of bones or for removing the periosteum.

raspberry (raz'-ber-e). The fruit of Rubus idceus,
a plant of the order Rosacea. A syrup is used as a
vehicle and as a drink in fevers.

rasura (ra-zu'-rah) [L.]. 1. The process of rasping,
shaving, or scraping. 2. Scrapings; filings.

rat [ME., ratte, rat]. A rodent of the family
muridce. r.-tail sutures, fibers from the rat's tail,
used instead of silk or gut, for surgical sutures.
r.-tooth forceps. See forceps.

ratafia (rat-a-fe'-ah) [Malay, arag, arrack; tafia, a
spirit distilled from molasses]. A name for various
liqueurs, or aromatized and sweetened cordials.

ratany, ratanhia (rat'-an-e, rat-an'-he-ah). See
krameria.

Rathke's duct (rath'-keh) [Martin Heinrich Rathke,
German anatomist, 1 793-1 860]. That portion of
Mueller's duct which intervenes between the latter
and the sinus pocularis; it may persist after birth
as a patulous duct. R.'s folds, two projecting folds
of the fetal mesoderm which are placed between the
orifice of the intestine and the allantois and unite
in the median line to form Douglas' septum. R.'s
glands. See Jacobson's organ. R., investing mass
of, the membranous capsule covering the end of the
chorda dorsalis in the developing embryo and
forming the rudiment of the base of the skull. It
molds itself on the cerebral vesicles, so as to consti-
tute the membrane in which the vault of the skull is
developed. The membranous capsule at the base
of the skull presents two thickenings, the lateral
trabecular of Rathke, directed forward and enclosing
the pituitary opening. R., lateral trabeculae of.
See R., investing mass of. R.'s pouch, in the embryo,
the diverticulum of the pharyngeal membrane which
is connected with the midbrain, and ultimately forms
the anterior lobe of the hypophysis.

ratio (ra'-she-o) [L.]. 1. The mind or reasoning
faculties. 2. In chemistry and pharmacy, the pro-
portion of ingredients or of atomic composition.
r. medendi, the theory or scheme of a course of
medical treatment, r., ocular micrometer, the
number obtained by finding the number of divisions
on the ocular micrometer required to include the
image of an entire millimeter of the stage micrometer.

ration (r a' '-shun) [ratio, proportion]. The daily
allowance of food or drink, r., emergency, one with
high force-value and with sufficient available nitro-
gen for the needs of hard labor, prepared in com-
pact form and designed for occasions when the use
of the regular ration is impracticable.

rational (rash'-un-al) [ratio, reason]. Based upon
reason; reasonable. In therapeutics, opposed to
empirical, r. formula, a chemical formula which shows,
either partly or completely, the constitution of a
compound, r. symptoms, the symptoms elicited
by questioning the patient, as opposed to those
ascertained by physical examination.

RATSBANE

745

REACTION

ratsbane (ratz'-ban). i. Arsenic trioxide. 2. A
name given to any rat-poison containing arsenic.

rattle (rat'-l) A rale, r., death-, a gurgling sound
observed in dying persons, due to the passage of the
air through mucus in the trachea.

Rau's process (row) [Johannes Jacobus Rau,
Dutch anatomist, 1668-17 19]. The longer process
at the junction of the handle with the neck of the
malleus. It is also called the Folian process.

Rauber's layer (row' -her) [August Antinous Rauber,
German anatomist, 1845- ]. A superficial stra-
tum of fiat cells occurring in the center of the em-
bryonal spot at an early stage in the development of
the blastodermic membranes.

raucedo (raw-se'-do) [raucus, hoarse]. Hoarseness
arising from inflammation of the mucosa of the
larynx and throat, r. catarrhalis, hoarseness re-
sulting from laryngitis, r. potatorum, hoarseness
caused by drinking whisky or other distilled liquors.
r. syphilitica, chronic hoarseness due to secondary
syphilitic affections of the larynx.

Rauchfuss's triangle (rowk'-foos) [Charles Andreye-
vich Rauchfuss, Russian physician, 1835- ].
Same as Grocco's triangle.

raucitas (raw' -sit-as). See raucedo.

rauschbrand. (rowsh' -brant) The German name
for black-leg.

ray (ra) [radius, a ray]. 1. A beam of light or
heat; one of the component elements of light or
heat. 2. One of a number of lines diverging from a
common center, r.s, actinic. See r.s, chemical.
r.s, alpha-, rays discovered by Rutherford, emanating
from uranium, thorium, and radium, and differing
from kathode rays in having much less penetrating
power and in not being deviated ordinarily either by
a magnet or an electrically charged body, r.s,
Becquerel, invisible radiations of electrified particles
or ions projected from radioactive bodies, such as
uranium, radium, polonium, or their salts, without
evident cause, and persisting over long periods.
r.s, beta-, Rutherford's name for the kathode rays
emitted by radioactive substances. They differ
from the alpha-rays in greater penetrating power,
weaker electric power, and in carrying a negative
charge, r.s, chemical, solar rays that produce chem-
ical change; see phototherapy, r.s, diakathodic,
bluish rays obtained by directing the ordinary
kathode rays upon a piece of wire gauze or upon a
spiral of wire which is itself negatively electrified.
They are not directly affected by a magnet, r.-
fungus. See actinomyces. r.s, gamma-, a type of
Becquerel rays more highly penetrating than the
alpha-rays and beta-rays, but insignificant in energy
compared with them, r.s, Goldstein, kathode rays
which have been altered by being passed through a
perforated metallic plate, r.s, hard, Roentgen rays
coming from a tube the exhaustion of which is
sufficient to cause a considerable difference in the
potential between the kathode and the anode and in
the velocity of the kathode rays. They have high
penetrating powers. Cf. r.s, soft, r.s, Hertzian,
radiant energy having the greatest wave length of
any yet discovered in the spectrum, supposed to be
several miles in length. These rays have the peculiar
property of converting poor electric contacts into
good ones when they fall upon them, r.s, kathode,
the stream of negatively electrified particles emanat-
ing from the kathode of a Crookes tube and passing
in straight lines regardless of the anode. They are
capable of deflection with a magnet and produce
fluorescence and heat wherever they impinge, r.s,
Lenard, cathode rays outside the vacuum tube as
described by Philipp Lenard (1894) and secured by
him by means of an aluminum window, r., medul-
lary, of the kidney, any one of the bundles of tubules
that are the continuation into the cortex of the
malpighian pyramids, r.s, N-, a form of ether-
waves discovered by Blondlot (1903) and named
after the initial letter of Nancy, in the university
of which his researches were conducted. They
increase the brightness of an electric spark or the
luminosity of phosphorescent bodies; they are
emitted by the Roentgen-ray tube, by an Auer-
Welsbach incandescent gas-mantle, by the ordinary
gas-flame, but not by a Bunsen burner; the sun
emits these in abundance, as does the Nernst lamp.
Compression, torsion, and strain of many solids
will cause the emission of the raysj living bodies,
plants, and animals emit them, r.s, Niewenglowski's,
certain luminous rays emitted from phosphorescent

substances which may pass through opaque screens
and affect sensitive plates. Niewengloski was
probably the first to establish the existence of such
rays, r.s, photographic. See r.s, ultraviolet, r.s,
positive. See r.s, Goldstein, r.s, Roentgen-, the
ether-rays or waves discovered by Roentgen, of
Wiirzburg, and named by him #-rays. A vacuum-
tube of glass (called a Geissler tube, a Hittorf or a
Crookes tube) is used with tw6 wires sealed through
the glass. These wires are connected with the two
poles of a battery, and Roentgen found that the
rays from the kathode (kathode rays) had peculiar
penetrative powers through matter opaque to other
ether-rays, and that by means of these rays photo-
graphs ("shadowgrams") may be taken of bones,
metallic substances, etc., situated in the tissues;
they readily traverse living tissues and influence the
nutrition of the deeper ones ; they have no appreciable
effect on the vitality of bacteria. Hertz, and
especially Lenard, prior to Roentgen, had discovered
this penetrating power of the kathode rays, but
failed to make the application suggested by Roentgen.
r.s, S of Sagnac, secondary rays emanating from
metals on which Roentgen rays fall and distinguish
from the primary rays irregularly refracted by
difference in character, not being nearly so pene-
trating; the lighter the metal struck by the primary
rays, the more penetrating the secondary rays.
r.s, soft, rays coming from a tube the pressure in
which is fairly low; they are readily absorbed. Cf.
r.s, hard, r.s, ultraviolet, waves of the luminiferous
ether which do not affect the retina. They can be
reflected, refracted, and polarized; they will not
traverse many bodies that are pervious to the rays
of the visible spectrum; they produce photographic
and photochemical effects, and destroy rapidly the
vitality of bacteria. Syn., actinic rays; photographic
rays, r.s, uranium. See r.s, Becquerel. r.s, X-.
See r.s. Roentgen.

Ray's mania. Moral insanity, regarded by Ray
as a distinct form of mental disorder.

Raygat's test of live birth (ra'-gat). Place the
lungs in water and note their specific gravity. If
inflation has occurred they will float. Also called
hydrostatic test.

Raynaud's disease (ra-no') [A. G. Maurice Ray-
naud, French physician, 1834-1881]. 1. A tro-
phoneurosis characterized by three grades of inten-
sity: (a) Local syncope, observed most frequently
in the extremities, and producing the condition
known as dead fingers or dead toes, (b) Local
asphyxia, which usually follows local syncope, but
may develop independently. The fingers, toes, and
ears are the parts usually affected. In the most
extreme degree the parts are swollen, stiff, and livid,
and the capillary circulation is almost stagnant,
(c) Local or symmetrical gangrene. Small areas of
necrosis appear on the pads of the fingers and of the
toes, also at the edges of the ears and tip of the
nose. Occasionally symmetrical patches are seen on
the limbs or trunk, and in severe cases terminate in
extensive gangrene. Some cases are attended by
hemoglobinuria. The pathology of the disease is
obscure. 2. Paralysis of the muscles of the throat
following parotitis. R.'s gangrene. See R.'s disease
(1). R.'s phenomenon, a white and cold condition
of the fingers, alternating with burning heat and
redness, occurring in Raynaud's disease (q. v.), and
showing vasomotor disturbance.

Rb. Chemical symbol of rubidium.

R. C. P. Abbreviation for Royal College of Physi-
cians.

R. C. S. Abbreviation for Royal College of Sur-
geons.

R. D. Abbreviation for reaction of degeneration.

R. D. A. Abbreviation denoting the right dorso-
anterior position of the fetus.

R. D. P. Abbreviation denoting the right dorso-
posterior position of the fetus.

R. E. Abbreviation for right eye.

Re. Abbreviation for Reaumur, or the degree of
Reaumur's thermometer scale.

re-. A Latin prefix signifying back or again.

reabsorption (re-ab-sorp'-shun). See resorption.

reaching (rech'-ing) [ME., rechen, to reach]. To
attempt to vomit; to retch.

reacquired (re-ak-wird') [re, again; acquirere, to
acquire]. Acquired a second time. r. movements.
See acquired movements.

reaction (re-ak'-shun) [re, again; agere, to act].

REACTIVATE

746

RECESS

i. Counteraction; opposite action; interaction.

2. The response of an organ or part to a stimulus.

3. In chemistry — (a) interaction of two or more
substances when brought in contact; (&) the response
to a certain test, as acid reaction, alkaline reaction,
responding to the test for acid and alkali respectively.
r., addition, the direct union of two or more mole-
cules to form a new molecule, r., amphigenous,
r., amphoteric, a double reaction occurring occasion-
ally in the urine, owing to the presence of substances
by which the liquid responds to both the acid and
alkaline tests, r., chameleon, the peculiar change of
color observed in cultures of Pseudomonas pyocyanea,
from green to brown and back again, r., chemical.
See reaction (3). r., clump, the agglutination of
bacteria or of leukocytes as the result of the action
of certain enzymes, lysins, or toxins, r., consensual,
reaction which is independent of the will. r. of
degeneration, the reaction obtained when an electric
stimulus is applied to a muscle deprived of its trophic
nerve influence. It is characterized by the following
conditions: diminution or abolition of the excita-
bility of the muscles for the faradic current, with a
temporary increase in excitability for the galvanic
current. In the nerves there is a diminution or
abolition of both faradic and galvanic excitability.
The reactions of the muscle to the galvanic current
(the true reaction of degeneration) may be formu-
lated as follows :

^S1CC^S1CC}M..sc1eno„nal.

AnCIC = KaCIC 1 Muscle in first stage of de-

AnOC = KaOC J generation.

AnCIC > KaCIC ) Muscle in more advanced

AnOC < KaOC J stage of degeneration.
AnCIC = anodal closing contraction; AnOC = ano-

dal opening contraction; KaCIC = kathodal

closing contraction; KaOC = kathodal opening

contraction.
See Pflueger's law of contraction, r., electric, a
response in a muscle or a part produced by electric
stimulation, r. of exhaustion, a variety of reaction
to electric excitation seen in states of exhaustion, in
which a certain reaction produced by a given current-
strength cannot be reproduced without an increase
of current-strength, r., Franklinic, of degeneration
a rare form of reaction of degeneration produced by
static electricity and similar to that obtained by the
faradic current, r., hemianopic pupillary, of Wer-
nicke, a reaction obtained in some cases of hemiano-
pia in which a pencil of light thrown on the blind
side of the retina gives rise to no movement in the
iris, but thrown upon the normal side, produces
contraction of the iris. It indicates that the lesion
producing the hemianopia is situated at or anterior
to the geniculate bodies, r., mixed, a reaction normal
in the nerve and altered in the muscle. It is called
by Erb the middle form of degenerative reaction.
r., myasthenic, that in which the normal tetanic
contraction of a muscle under faradic stimulation
becomes less intense and of shorter duration with
every consecutive stimulus and finally ceases, the
muscle being exhausted. Syn., Faradic exhausti-
bility. r., myotonic, a reaction seen in Thomsen's
disease, in which there is quantitative increase in the
faradic excitability. See Erb's waves, r., neuro-
tonic, in electrotherapy, a tonic persistence of con-
traction, after the current has been broken, upon
galvanic and faradic stimulation of the nerve alone,
in contradistinction to the myotonic persistency that
follows faradic stimulation of the muscle, r., neutral,
a reaction indicating the absence of both acid and
alkaline properties, r.-period, the period following
a trauma or operation in which there is recovery from
the incident shock, r.-time, the interval between
the application of a stimulus and the beginning of
the corresponding motor act. r., thread, a peculiar
reaction, consisting in the formation of long inter-
lacing threads, produced in certain bacteria, Bacillus
coli communis, Bacillus proteus, etc., when brought
in contact with blood-serum, especially that of the
individual from whom the bacteria were obtained.

reactivate (re-ak'-tiv-at). To render active again,
as by the addition of fresh normal serum to an im-
mune serum which has lost its activity.

reactivation (re-ak-liv-a'-shun). The rendering
active again a serum which has become inactivated ;
it is accomplished by the addition of complement.

reader's cramp. A spasm of the ocular muscles
following prolonged reading.

readjustment (re-ad- just' '-ment). See advancement.

reagent (re-a'-jent) [re, again; agere, to act].
In chemistry, anything used to produce a reaction;
a test, r., general, a reagent that indicates the group
of substances to which a body belongs, without
determining which one of the group it is. r., special,
a reagent which indicates the presence of an individual
substance, and not only the group of which it is a
member.

reagin (re'-a-jin). An antibody, q. v.

real focus. See focus (2). r. image. See image,
real.

realgar (re-al'-gar) [Ar., rahj al-ghar, powder of
the mine]. Arsenic disulphide, AS2S2.

reamer (re'-mer) [ME., remen, to widen]. An
instrument for gouging out holes.

reamputation (re-am-pu-ta'-shun) [re-; amputation].
An amputation upon a member on which the opera-
tion has been performed before.

reanimate (re-an'-im-at) [re, again; animare, to
animate]. To revive; to resuscitate; to restore to
life, as a person apparently dead.

Reaumur's thermometer (ra-o-mur') [Rene An-
toine Ferchault de Reaumur, French physicist, 1683-
1757]- See thermometer, Reaumur.

Recamier's operation (ra-kam-e-a') [Joseph Claude
Anselme Recamier, French gynecologist, I774-
1852]. _ Curettage of the uterus.

receiver (re-se'-ver) [recipire, to receive]. 1. The
vessel receiving the products of distillation. 2. In
an air-pump, the jar in which the vacuum is produced.

receptacula (re-sep-tak'-u-la). Plural of Latin re-
ceptaculum, q. v. r. durae matris, <;he sinuses of the
dura. r. lactis, the ampullar of the galactophorous
ducts.

receptacular (re-sep-tak'-u-lar) [receptaculum, a
receptacle]. Pertaining to a receptaculum.

receptaculum (re-sep-tak'-u-lum) [L., "a recep-
tacle"]. A receptacle, r. chyli, the sac-like begin-
ning of the thoracic duct opposite the last dorsal
vertebra, r. Cotunni, a triangular space near the
middle of the posterior surface of the petrous portion
of the temporal bone, at the termination of the aque-
ductus vestibuli. It is formed by the separation of
the laminae of the dura mater, r. Pecqueti, same as
r, chyli. m r. seminis, see cistern, seminal.

receptive (re-sep'-tiv) [recipere, to receive]. Hav-
ing the quality of or capacity for receiving, r.
centers. In physiology and psycho-physics, nerve-
centers to which influences arrive that may excite
sensations or some kind of activity not associated
with consciousness.

receptor (re-sep'-tor) [recipere, to receive]. 1. A
name given by Ehrlich to the atomic lateral chain or
haptophorous group, which, existing in each cell in
addition to its nucleus, combines with intermediary
bodies such as toxins, food molecules, foreign sub-
stances. 2. Peripheral nerve endings in the skin and
special sense organs, r., free, an antibody, r. of
the first order, one with a single anchoring or hapto-
phore group, r. of the second order, one containing
a haptophore and a functional, fermentive, or zymo-
phore group, r. of the third order, one possessing
two haptophore and a zymophore group.

recess, recessus (re-ses', re-ses'-sus) [recessus, a
recess]. A fossa, ventricle, or ampulla ; an anatomical
depression, r. acetabuli, the cotyloid cavity, r.,
ampullar, the ampulla of the semicircular canal of
the inner ear. r. auditory, a depression of the ecto-
derm on each side of the cephalic extremity of the
embryo, constituting the first foreshadowing of the
internal ear. It is the precursor of the auditory ves-
icle, r. aulas. See r., aulic. r. aulic, Bergmann's
name for a triangular recess between the columns of
the fornix immediately dorsad of the anterior com-
missure. Syn., r., triangular; recessus aula; foveola
triangularis seriata. r. chiasmal, a pit in front of the
infundibulum bounded by the optic chiasm and the
cinereous lamina, r. chiasmatica. See lamina cin-
erea. r. cochlear, an elliptic pit below the oval win-
dow of the vestibule, forming part of the cochlea,
r. cochlearis, a shallow depression between the diverg-
ing portions of the crista vestibuli. r. conarii, the
cavity at the base of the pineal body, situated be-
tween the supracommissure and postcommissure. r.,
duodenojejunal, a pouch of the mesentery on the
right side of the jejunum and near its union with the
duodenum. Syn., duodenojejunal fossa, r. ellip-
ticus. See fovea hemielliptica. r., epiphyseal, the
preferred name for pineal recess, r., epitympanic,

RECESSION

747

RECTOROMANOSCOPE

synonym of attic, r. hemielliptrcus. See fovea hemi-
elliptica. r. hemisphaericus, a tiny perforated cavity
in the inner wall of the vestibule, anterior to the crista
vestibuli; it transmits the branches of the auditory
nerve, r. hepaticorenal, that formed by the hepat-
icocolic ligament, r. ileocecal, the ileocecal fossa.
r. incisive, a depression on the nasal septum immedi-
ately above the anterior palatine canal, r. infrapin-
eal. See recessus conarii. r. infundibuliform. See
fossa of Rosenmueller. r. intercruralis, the interped-
uncular space, r. jugular, see jugular fossa, r. aby-
rinthi, a cavity formed in the base of the fetal skull,
developing into the primitive auditory vesicle, and
finally into the internal ear. r., laryngopharyngeal,
the lower pyramidal part of the pharynx from which
the esophagus and larynx open. r. lateral, the lateral
extension of the fourth ventricle in the angle between
the cerebellum and the oblongata, r. naso-palatinus,
the nasal orifice of the naso-palatine canal, r. oc-
cipitalis, the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
r. opticus, the conical depression at the beginning of
each optic nerve where it leaves the chiasma, the
remnant of the cavity of the stalk of the optic ves-
icle (Wilder). See lamina cinerea. r., palatal. See
fossa, supratonsillar. r. peritonasi, the pocket-like
processes formed by the peritoneum, r. pharyngeus,
a pouch-like process of the mucosa of the pharynx
situated below the opening of the Eustachian tube;
Rosenmueller's fossa, r. pineal. See recessus conarii.
r., postpontile, the foramen caecum of the brain, r.
sacci lachrymalis, an inconstant anterior pouch of
the lacrimal sac. r., salpingopharyngeal, an incon-
stant pharyngeal diverticulum adjacent to the phar-
yngeal opening of the Eustachian tube. r. sphaericus.
See fovea hemisphcerica. r. spheno-ethmoidalis, a
small depression or groove between the sphenoid bone
and the superior turbinated bones, r., Stensonian.
See r., incisive, r. sub sigmoid, the pouch made in
the peritoneum by the mesentericomesocolic liga-
ment, r. sulciform. See fossa, sulciform. r. superior
sacci omenti, the'cavity of the lesser omentum, r.
suprapinealis, a space between the habenal commis-
sures and the post-commissure, r. tecti, a space be-
neath the valvula and velum of the cerebellum, r.,
triangular. See r., aulic. r. utriculi, a recess at the
upper part of the utricle of the inner ear. r. venosus.
See fossa, Landzert's. r. vesicae urinariae, the lower
portion of the urinary bladder.

recession (re-sesh'-un) [recedere, to recede]. The
gradual withdrawal of a part from its normal posi-
tion, as the recession of the gums from the necks of
the teeth.

recidivation (re-sid-iv-a'-shun) [recidivus, a falling
back]. The relapsing of a disease. In criminology,
a relapsing into crime.

recidivist (re-sid'-iv-ist) [recidivus, falling back].
i. A patient who returns to a hospital for treatment,
especially an insane person who so returns. 2. In
criminology, a confirmed or relapsed criminal; (a) one
who for the most part has no mental or bodily signs
of degeneration, caused by bad bringing up, society,
poverty, sexual disorders, and who makes crime a
trade or a vengeance; (b) one with inborn criminal
inclinations and a positive tendency to insanity or
epilepsy ; and (c) one whose antecedents and environ-
ment lead him to crime by blunting his sense of honor
and morality. The latter classes are inclined to
coarseness, boldness, resistance, and wilful spoiling
of their clothes; but are not legally regarded as insane.

recidivity (re-sid-iv'-it-e) [recidivus, a falling back].
Tendency to return or to relapse.

recipe (res'-ip-e). 1. The imperative of recipere,
used as the heading of a physician's prescription, and
signifying take. Symbol ^. 2. Also the prescrip-
tion itself.

recipiomotor (re-sip-e-o-mo'-tor) [recipere, to re-
ceive; motor]. Receiving motor impulses.

reciprocal (re-sip'-ro-kal) [recipere, to receive]. In
psychology, applied to those instances in which there
is both agency and percipience at each end of the
telepathic chain, r. proportions, law of, two elements
combining with a third do so in proportions that are
simple multiples or simple fractions of those in which
they combine with each other, r. reception, a mode
of articulation in which the articular surface is con-
vex on one side and concave on the other.

Recklinghausen's canals (rek' -ling-how-sen) [Fried-
rich Daniel von Recklinghausen, German pathologist,
1833-1910]. Minute channels supposed to exist in
all connective tissue, which are directly continuous

with the lymphatic vessels, and hence may be said to
form their origin. R.'s disease. 1. Neuro-fibrom-
atosis. 2. Hemachromatosis; an affection charac-
terized by bronzing of the skin, hypertrophic cir-
rhosis of the liver, enlargement of the spleen, and, in
later stages, diabetes from pancreatic sclerosis.

reclinatio (rek-lin-a'-she-o). See reclination. r.
palpebrarum, ectropion.

reclination (rek-lin-a'-shun) \reclii\are, to recline].
1. An old operation for cataract, called also "couch-
ing," in which the lens was pushed back into the vit-
reous chamber. 2. The act of lying down.

recoil-atom. See rest-atom.

Reclus' disease (rek-loo') [Paul Reclus, French
surgeon, 1847- ]. Cystic disease of the mammary
gland; chronic cystic or interstitial mastitis.

recomposition (re-kom-po-zish'-un) [recomponere, to
reunite]. Reunion of parts or constituents after
temporary dissolution.

recompression (re-kom-presh'-un). _ Subjection
again to the action of compressed air; said of persons
working in air under high pressure.

reconstituent {re-kon-stit '-ii-ent) [re-; constituere, to
constitute]. A medicine which promotes continuous
repair of tissue-waste or makes compensation for its
loss.

reconstitution {re-kon-stit-tl'-shun) [re, again; con-
stituere, to constitute]. Continuous repair of decay-
ing tissue, or restoration to compensate loss by tis-
sue-waste.

recrement (rek'-re-ment) [recrementum, from re,
again; crescere, to grow]. A secretion that is reab-
sorbed after fulfilling its function.

recrementitious {rek-re-men-tish'-us) [recrement].
Pertaining to or of the nature of a recrement.

recrudescence (re-kroo-des'-ens) [re-; crudescere, to
become raw]. An increase in the symptoms of a dis-
ease after a remission or a short intermission.

rectal (rek'-tal). Pertaining to the rectum or per-
formed through the rectum, r. alimentation, see
alimentation, rectal, r. crises, attacks of rectal pain
and tenesmus occurring in locomotor ataxia.

rectalgia (rek-tal'-je-ah) [rectum; a\yos, pain].
Pain in the rectum; proctalgia.

rectectomy (rek-tek'-to-me). See proctectomy.

rectification (rek-tif-ik-a'-shun) [rectus, straight;
facer e, to make]. 1. A straightening, as rectification
of a crooked limb. 2. The redistillation of weak
spirit in order to strengthen it.

rectified spirit. Alcohol containing 94-9 % of ethyl-
alcohol.

rectify {rek'-tif-i) [see rectification]. To make right
or straight; to refine.

rectitis (rek-ti'-tis). See proctitis.

recto- (rek-to-) [rectum]. A prefix meaning re-
lating to the rectum.

rectoabdominal (rek-to-ab-dom'-in-al) . Relating to
the rectum and the abdomen.

rectocele (rek'-to-sel) [recto-; (07X77, hernia]. Pro-
palse of the rectum into the vagina.

rectococcygeal (rek-to-kok-sij'-e-al) [recto-; coccy-
geal]. Pertaining to the rectum and the coccyx.

rectcoccypexia, rectococcypexy (rek-to-koks-e-peks'-
e-ah, rek-to-koks-e-peks'-e) [recto-; k6kkv£, coccyx;
iritis, a fastening]. Suturing of the rectum to the
coccyx.

rectocolitis (rek-to-kol-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
mucosa of the rectum and colon combined.

rectocolonic (rek-to-ko-lon'-ik) [recto-; colon]. Per-
taining to the rectum and the colon.

rectocystotomy (rek-to-sist-ot'-o-me) [recto-; cystot-
omy]. Incision of the bladder through the rectum.

rectogenital (rek-lo-jen'-it-al). Pertaining to the
rectum and the genital organs.

rectolabial (rek-lo-la'-be-al). Relating to the rec-
tum and the labia pudendi.

rectopexia, rectopexy (rek-to-peks'-e-ah, rek-to-
peks'-e) [recto-; tt^is, a fastening]. Surgical fixation
of a prolapsed rectum.

rectophobia (rek-to-fo'-be-ah) [rectum; <f>6(ios, fear].
1. A presentiment or sense of impending ill exper-
ienced by patients having rectal disease. 2. A morbid
dread of rectal disease.

rectoplasty (rek'-to-plas-te) [redo-; Tr\a<raeLi>, to
form]. See proctoplasty.

rectoromanoscope (rek-to-ro-man'-o-skop) [recto- ;
S romanum, the sigmoid flexure; <rKoireli>, to view]. A
speculum used in examining the rectum and the sig-
moid flexure.

RECTOSCOPE

748

REFLEX

rectoscope (rek'-to-skop) [recto-; vKoireiv, to inspect].
A rectal speculum.

rectoscopy (rek-tos'-ko-pe) [rectum; ono-reiv, to in-
spect]. An examination of the rectum.

rectosigmoidoscopy (rek-to-sig-moy-dos'-ko-pe) [rec-
to-; sigmoid; oKottziv, to inspect]. Ocular inspection
of the rectum and sigmoid flexure of the colon with
the aid of special instruments.

rectostenosis . (rek-to-sten-o'-sis) [recto-; stenosis].
Stenosis of the rectum.

rectostomy (rek-tos'-to-me). See proctostomy.

rectotome (rek'-to-tom) [recto-; to\it\, a cutting]. A
cutting instrument used in rectotomy.

rectotomy (rek-tot'-o-me). See proctotomy.

rectourethral (rek-to-u-re'-thral) [recto-; urethra].
Pertaining to the rectum and the urethra.

rectouterine (rek-to-ii'-ter-in) [recto-; uterus]. Per-
taining to the rectum and the uterus.

rectovaginal (rek-to-vaj'-in-al) [recto- ; vagina]. Per-
taining to the rectum and the vagina, r. fistula, an
opening between the vagina and the rectum.

rectovesical (rek-to-ves'-ik-al) [recto-; vesica, the
bladder]. Pertaining to the rectum and the bladder.

rectum (rek'-tum) [rectus, straight]. The lower
part of the large intestine, extending from the sig-
moid flexure to the anus. It begins opposite the left
sacroiliac synchondrosis, passes obliquely downward
to the middle of the sacrum, and thence descends in
the median line to terminate at the anus.

rectus (rek'-tus) [L.]. Straight; applied to any-
thing having a straight course, r. muscle, see under
muscle.

recumbent (re-kum'-bent) [recumbere, to recline].
Leaning back; reclining.

recuperate (re-ku'-per-at) [recuperare, to regain].
To regain strength or health.

recuperation (re-ku-per-a'-shun) [recuperatio; recu-
perare, to recover]. Convalescence. Restoration to
health.

recuperative (re-ku'-per-a-tiv) [recuperativus]. Per-
taining to, or tending to, recovery of health or
strength.

recurrence (re-kur'-ens) [recurrere, to run back].
The return, as of a disease.

recurrens (re-kur'-enz) [see recurrent]. Relapsing
fever.

recurrent (re-kur'-ent) [re, back; currere, to run],
i. Returning. 2. In anatomy, turning back in its
course, as recurrent laryngeal nerve, r. fever, re-
lapsing fever.

recurring (re-kur'-ing) [recurrere, to run back]. Re-
turning; occurring again, r. disease, one that re-
turns or relapses, r. utterance, the involuntary ut-
terance of certain words, usually a symptom of motor
aphasia.

recurvation (re-kur-va'-shun) [recurvatus, curved
back]. The act or process of recurbing or of bending
backward.

red. in pulv. Abbreviation of the Latin redactus
in pulverem, reduced to powder.

red [AS., redd]. The least refrangible of the spec-
tral colors; of a color resembling that of the blood.
r. bark, see cinchona. r.-blindness, see under blind-
ness, color-, r. blister, unguentum hydrargyri iodidi
rubri. r. cerate, calamine ointment, r. chalk, red-
dle ; hydrated aluminum silicate containing a quantity
of ferric oxide, r., Chinese, mercuric sulphide, r.
corpuscles, see corpuscles. R.-Cross Society, an in-,
ternational society founded by Clara Barton, and
intended to act upon the principles laid down in the
Geneva convention of 1864. It furnishes nurses and
supplies for service in wars, and relieves the distress,
needs, or wants of those who suffer in floods, pesti-
lences, and public calamities, r. gum. 1. A red, pap-
ular eruption of infants. Syn., strophulus. 2. Eu-
calyptus, r. lead, red lead oxide, formerly used in
plasters, r. lotion. See r. wash. r. mixture, a com-
bination of rock salt, potassium nitrate, sodium car-
bonate and molasses, used for injecting bodies for
the dissecting room. It imparts a beautiful red color
to the muscles. It is also called Horner's mixture.
r. nucleus, see nucleus, tegmental, r., oil, oleic acid
as a by-product in the manufacture of stearic acid
candles, r. pepper, see capsicum, r. plague, a form
of the plague characterized by a red spot, boil, or
bubo. r. precipitate, see mercury oxide, red. r. soft-
ening, a form of acute softening of the brain or spinal
cord, characterized by a red, punctiform appearance
due to the presence of blood, r. tartar, argols, im-
pure cream of tartar, r. wash, lotio rubra, a solution

of zinc sulphate in compound tincture of lavender
and water, r.-water, a common name for hemoglob-
inuria in cattle.

reddle {red' -del). Red chalk.

redia (re'-de-ah) [Redi, an Italian naturalist, 1626-
1698]. pi., redid. In biology, the larval stage of a
trematode, which results from the development of a
parthenogenetic egg of the first larval stage (sporo-
cyst). The redia? have at the anterior extremity of
their body a sucker-like formation, a pharynx, a sim-
ple intestinal tube, and a birth-aperture. The first
rediae give rise to a second and these to a third par-
thenogenetic generation and these finally to larva?
called cercarice, q. v.

redintegration (red-in-te-gra'-shun) [redintegrare, to
renew]- The complete restitution of a part that has
been injured or destroyed.

redresser (re-dres'-er) [Fr. re, dresseur]. An in-
strument used to replace a displaced organ or part.

redressment (re-dres'-ment) [Fr., redressement].
Correction of a deformity or replacement of a dis-
located part.

redressement force (ra-dres-mon(g) for-sa) [Fr.].
The forcible correction of a deformity or restoration
of a displaced part.

reduce (re-dus') [re, back; ducere, to lead]. 1. To
restore a part to its normal relations, as to reduce a
hernia or fracture. 2. In chemistry, to bring back to
the metallic form; to deprive of oxygen.

reduced (re-dusd') [reduce]. 1. Restored to the
proper place. 2. In chemistry, brought back into
the metallic form, as reduced iron. 3. Diminished in
size. r. eye, see eye, reduced, of Donders. r. hematin,
the product of the production of hematin in alka-
line solution, r. hemoglobin, the result of deoxi-
dation of oxyhemoglobin, r. iron, iron by hydrogen;
ferrum reductum.

reducible (re-dil'-si-bl) [reduce]. Capable of being
reduced.

reducin (re-du'-sin). A leukomaine, C12H24N6O9,
found in urine.

reduction (re-duk'-shun) [reduce]. The act of re-
ducing, r. en bloc, r. en masse, the reduction of a
strangulated hernia still surrounded by its sac, thus
failing to relieve the strangulation.

reductor (re-dukt'-or) [L.]. 1. An instrument for
effecting reduction. 2. A retractor muscle.

reduplicated (re-du'-plik-a-ted) [see reduplication].
Doubled, as reduplicated heart-sounds. See redu-
plication.

reduplication {re-du-plik-a' -shun) [re, again; dup-
licare, to double]. A doubling, r. of the heart-
sounds, a doubling of either the first or the second
sound of the heart.

redux (re'-duks) [L.]. Returning, r., crepitus, the
small mucous rales heard in the early stage of the
resolution of lobar pneumonia.

reed (red). See Abomasum.

reef-knot (ref-not). A sailor's knot used in the
ligature of arteries. It is not likely to slip or loosen.
See knot.

reel, cerebellar. The peculiar staggering gait in
diseases of the cerebellum, particularly in tumor.

Rees' test for albumin [George Owen Rees, English
physician, 1813-1889]. Small amounts of albumin
are precipitated by an alcoholic solution of tannic acid.

reevolution (re-ev-ol-u'-shun). Hughlings Jack-
son's term for a symptom following an epileptic at-
tack, which consists of three stages: (1) Suspension of
power to Understand speech (word-deafness) ; (2) per-
ception of words and echolalia without comprehen-
sion; (3) return to conscious perception of speech with
continued lack of comprehension.

refine (re-fin') [re, again; finire, to finish]. To
purify; to separate a substance from foreign matter.

reflected (re-flek'-ted) [refiectere, to bend backward].
Cast or thrown back. In anatomy, turned back upon
itself, r. light, see light.

reflection (re-flek'-shun) [reflex], 1. A bending or
turning back; specifically, the turning back of a ray
of light from a surface upon which it impinges without
penetrating. 2. When used in speaking of mem-
branes such as the peritoneum it refers to the folds
which it makes in passing from the wall of the
cavity over an organ and back again to the wall
which bounds such cavity.

reflector (re-flek'-tor) . A polished surface by which
light is reflected.

reflex (re'-fleks) [re, back; flectere, to bend]. 1.
Anything reflected or thrown back. 2. A reflex act.

REFLEX

749

REFRACTA DOSI

r., abdominal, contraction of the muscles about the
umbilicus, on sharp, sudden stroking of the abdominal
wall from the margin of the ribs downward; it shows
integrity of the spinal cord from the eighth to the
twelfth dorsal nerve, r. act, an act following im-
mediately upon a stimulus without the intervention
of the will, r., anal, a contraction of the sphincter
ani on anal irritation, r., ankle, clonic contractions
of the tendo Achillis, dependent upon alternate con-
traction and relaxation of the anterior, tibial, and
calf-muscles; obtained by sudden complete flexion of
the foot, by pressing the hand against the sole. Syn.,
ankle-clonus, r. arc, the mechanism necessary for a
reflex action; it consists of an afferent or sensory nerve;
a nerve-center to change this sensory impulse into a
motor one; and an efferent or motor nerve to carry a
motor impulse to the muscle or group of muscles.
r., biceps, contraction of the biceps muscle on tapping
the tendon of the biceps ; a normal reflex, but increased
by the causes which increase the knee-jerk, r., bone,
a reflex muscular contraction evoked by blows over a
bone, r., bulbocavernous, see r., virile, r. center,
the nerve center in a reflex arc. r., chin, see r., jaw.
r., ciliospinal, pupillary dilatation on irritation of the
skin of the neck, r., contralateral, a flexion or ex-
tension of the leg on one side when the other leg is
flexed passively; it occurs in children in meningitis.
r., corneal. Same as r., eyelid-closure, r., cranial,
any brain reflex, r., cremasteric, retraction of the
testicle on the corresponding side, obtained on stim-
ulation of the skin on the front and inner aspect of the
thigh; it shows integrity of the cord between the first
and second pairs of lumbar nerves, r., crossed, one
in which stimulation of one side of the body produces
a reflex on the opposite side, r., deep, reflexes devel-
oped by percussion of tendons or bones, r., dorsal,
same as r., erector spina, r., elbow-jerk, same as r.,
biceps, r., epigastric, dimpling in the epigastrium,
due to contraction of the highest fibers of the rectus
abdominis muscle, on stimulation of the skin in the
fifth or sixth intercostal space near the axilla; it shows
integrity of the cord from the fourth to the seventh
dorsal nerves, r., erector spinae, local contraction of
erector spina? muscle on stimulation of the skin along
the border; it shows integrity of the dorsal region of
the cord, r., eyelid-closure, closure of the lid on ir-
ritation of the conjunctiva, r., faucial, vomiting on
irritation of the fauces, r., femoral, plantar flexion
of the first three toes and of the foot, and extension
of the knee-joint upon irritation of the skin on the
upper anterior aspect of the thigh; it occurs in disease
of the spinal cord, e. g., in some cases of transverse
myelitis, r., front-tap, see r., tendo Achillis. r.,
gluteal, contraction of the glutei upon firm, sudden
stroking of the skin over the buttock; it shows integ-
rity of the cord at the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves.
r., guttural, a reflex observed in cases of diseased
genitalia in women, in which the patient is desirous of
spitting but cannot, r., Haab's pupil-, see Haab's
pupil-reflex, r., interscapular, see r., scapular, r.,
iris-contraction, see r., pupillary, r., jaw, clonic
movements of the inferior maxilla, obtained on a
downward stroke with a hammer on the lower jaw
hanging passively or gently supported by the hand;
it is rarely present in health; increased in sclerosis of
the lateral columns of cord. Syn., jaw-clonus; jaw-
jerk, r., knee, contraction of the quadriceps muscle,
the foot being jerked forward on striking the patellar
tendon after rendering it tense by flexing the knee at
a right angle; it is normal in health; absent in loco-
motor ataxia, destructive lesions of the lower part of
the cord, multiple neuritis, affections of the anterior
gray cornua, infantile paralysis, meningitis, diphther-
ic paralysis, atrophic palsy, pseudohypertrophic mus-
cular paralysis, diabetes, etc.; increased in diseases of
the pyramidal tracts, in spinal irritability, tumors of
the brain, cerebrospinal sclerosis, lateral sclerosis,
after epileptic seizures or unilateral convulsions.
Syn., knee-jerk, r., laryngeal, coughing, produced by
irritation of the fauces, larynx, etc. r., lumbar, same
as r., erector spince. r. multiplicator, an apparatus for
the registration of tendon-reflexes, r., nasal, sneez-
ing, on irritation of the Schneiderian membrane, r.,
obliquus, contraction of the fibers of the obliquus
externus in females (corresponds to cremasteric in
males, although it can also be caused in males) on
irritation of skin below Poupart's ligament, r., oph-
thalmic, see r., supraorbital, r., palatal, swallowing
produced by irritation of the palate, r., palmar, con-
traction of the digital flexors upon tickling the palm ;

it shows that the cervical region of the cord is normal.
r., patellar. Same as r. , knee, r., patellar, paradoxical,
contraction of the adductor but not of the quadri-
ceps muscle on percussing the patellar tendon, with
the patient in the dorsal decubitus. If the patient
is in the sitting posture, the normal reflex is elicited ;
it shows spinal concussion, r.s, pathic, movements .
resulting from stimulation of a sensory nerve, r.,
penile, see r., virile, r., periosteal, sharp contrac-
tions of the muscles upon tapping the bones of the
forearm or leg; it indicates disease of the lateral col-
umns of the spinal cord, r., peroneal, reflex move-
ments caused by a stroke on the peroneus muscles
when tense or when the foot is turned inward, r.,
pharyngeal, swallowing produced by irritation of the
pharynx, r., plantar, contraction of the toes upon
stroking the sole of the foot, r., platysmal, dilatation
of the pupil upon pinching the platysma myoides
muscle, r., pupillary, contraction of the iris on ex-
posure of the retina to light; it is absent in basal men-
ingitis, etc. r., pupillary, paradoxical, dilatation of the
pupil on stimulation of the retina by light, r., rectal,
the reflex by which the aggregation of feces in the rec-
tum induces defecation, r., scapular, contraction of
the scapular muscles on irritation of the interscapular
region; it shows integrity of the cord between the
upper two or three dorsal and lower two or three
cervical nerves, r., skin, see r., platysma. r., sole,
same as r., plantar, r., spinal, those reflex actions
emanating from centers in the spinal cord, r., super-
ficial, such as are developed from irritation of the skin.
r., supraorbital, a slight contraction of the orbicularis
palpebrarum muscle on striking the supraorbital
nerve or one of its branches a slight blow, r., tendc*
Achillis, reflex contraction of the gastrocnemius mus-
cle, produced by striking the muscles on the anterior
part of leg while in extension, the foot being extended
by the hand upon the sole; it is considered a delicate
test of heightened spinal irritability. Syn., front-
tap contraction, r., tendon, muscle reflex action; my-
ostatic reaction; deep reflex, r., toe, involuntary
flexion of the foot, then flexion of the leg, and, lastly,
flexion of the thigh on the pelvis upon strong flexion
of the great toe; it is seen in cases in which the knee-
jerk and other tendon-reflexes are strongly developed.
r., triceps, extension of the forearm on tapping the
tendon of the triceps muscle, r., virile, retraction of
the bulbocavernous portion upon sharp percussion of
the back of the penis, the sheath having been made
tense; it occurs in health, r., visceral, one of a group
of reflexes, as, blinking, from touching the cornea;
penile, erection on slight contact or produced by pass-
ing a catheter; rectal, constriction of the bowel fol-
lowing introduction of a foreign body, as a supposi-
tory; sneezing, that produced by a draft of cold air
or a brilliant light; vesical, contraction of the bladder
following irritation of the urethral orifice, e. g., in-
continence of urine in children, by reason of a long;
prepuce; vomiting, from tickling the fauces, r.,,
wrist, a series of jerking movements of the hand pro-
duced by pressing the hand backward to extreme
extension; observed in the late rigidity of hemiplegia.
Syn., wrist-clonus.

reflexa (re-fleks'-ah) [L.]. See decidua reflexa.

refiexio (re-fleks'-e-o) [L.]. See reflection, r. pal-
pebrarum, see ectropion.

reflexogenic (re-fleks-o-jen'-ik) [reflexus, reflex;
yewav, to produce]. Causing or increasing a tendency
to reflex action; producing reflexes.

reflexograph (re-fleks'-o-graf) [reflex; ypaxpeiv, to
write]. An instrument for measuring, timing, and
charting automatically knee-jerks and other tendon-
reflexes.

reflexometer (re-fleks-om'-et-er) [reflexus, reflex;
ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument used to measure
the force required to produce myotatic movement.

refiexophile (re-fleks'-o-fil) [reflex; <j>CKtl.v, to love].
Attended by reflex activity.

reflux (re'-fluks) [re, back; finer e, to flow]. A re-
turn flow.

refoulement (ra-fool'-mon(g) ) [Fr.]. A forcing
back. r. du sacrum en arriere, a backward inclina-
tion of the sacrum that makes one of the changes in
the pelvis of girls at puberty.

refract (re-frakt') [re, back; J ranger e, to break], i.
To bend back. 2. To change direction by refraction.
3. To estimate the degree of ametropia, heterophoria,
and heterotropia present in an eye.

refracta dosi {re-frak'-tah do' -si) [L.]. In broken
or divided doses.

REFRACTION

750

REGION

refraction (re-f rah' -shun) [refract], i. The act of
refracting or bending back. 2. The deviation of a
ray of light from a straight line in passing obliquely
from one transparent medium to another of different
density. 3. The state or refractive power, especially
of the eye; the ametropia, emmetropia, or muscle-
imbalance present. 4. The act or process of correct-
ing errors of ocular refraction, r., angle of, the angle
formed by a refracted ray of light with- the perpen-
dicular at the point of refraction, r., atomic, the
product of the refractive index of the constituent
elements of a compound and their atomic weights,
r., coefficient of, the quotient of the sine of the angle
of refraction into the sine of the angle of incidence.
r., double, the power possessed by certain substances,
as Iceland spar, of dividing a ray of light and thus
producing a double image of an object, r., dynamic,
the static refraction of the eye, plus that secured by
the action of the accommodative apparatus, r. equi-
valent, r., specific. See refractive power, specific.
r., errors of, departures from the power of producing
a normal or well-defined image upon the retina, be-
cause of ametropia, r. of the eye, the influence of
the ocular media upon a cone or beam of light, whereby
a normal or emmetropic eye produces a proper image
of the object upon the retina, r.-image, see image.
r., index of, the refractive power of any substance as
compared with air. It is the quotient of the angle of
incidence divided by the angle of refraction of a ray
passing through the substance, r., molecular, the
molecular weight of a compound. The molecular
refraction of a liquid carbon compound is equal to the
sum of the atomic refractions, r., static, that of the
eye when accommodation is at rest.

refractionist (re-frak' -shun-ist) [refrangere, to break
up]. One who corrects errors of ocular refraction,
or ametropia.

refractive (re-frak'-tiv) [refract]. Refracting; cap-
able of refracting or bending back; pertaining to re-
fraction, r., equivalent. See refractive power, spe-
cific, r. index, same as refraction, index of, q. v. r.
power, the measure of influence which a transparent
body exercises on the light which passes through it.
r. power, specific, an almost constant quantity re-
presentative of the relation between the coefficient
of refraction, the temperature, and the specific gra-
vity of a given fluid.

refractivity (re-frak-tiv'-it-e) [refract]. Power of
refraction; ability to refract.

refractometer (re-frak-tom'-et-er) [refract; ukrpov, a
measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring the re-
fraction of the eye. 2. An instrument for the deter-
mination of the refractive indexes of liquids.

refractory (re-frak' -tor-e) [refractarius, stubborn].
1. Resisting treatment. 2. Resisting the action of
heat; slow to melt.

refracture (re-frak' -tur)[re, back; fr anger e, to break].
The breaking again of fractured bones that have
joined by faulty or improper union.

refrangibility (re-fran-jib-il'-it-e) [see refract].
Capability of undergoing refraction.

refresh (re-fresh') [re, again; friscus, new]. In sur-
gery, to give to an old lesion the character of a fresh
wound.

refrigerant (re-frij'-er-ant) [see refrigeration]. 1.
Cooling ; lessening fever. 2. A medicine or agent hav-
ing cooling properties or lowering body-temperature.

refrigeration (re-frij-er-a'-shun) [re, again; frigus,
cold]. The act of lowering the temperature of a body
by conducting away its heat to a surrounding cooler
substance.

refringent (re-frin'-jent) [ref ringer e, to break].
See refractive.

refuse (ref -us). Waste from manufacturing or
other establishments, and all inorganic waste.

refusion (re-fu'-zjun) [refusio, an overflowing].
The act of withdrawing blood from the vessels, ex-
posing it to the oxygen of the air, and passing it
back again.

regenerate (re-jen'-er-at) [regenerare, to generate
again]. To generate anew; to reproduce.

regeneration (re-jen-er-a'-shun) [re, again; gener-
ate, to beget]. 1. The new growth or repair of struc-
tures or tissues lost by disease or by injury. 2. In
chemistry, the process of obtaining from the bypro-
ducts or end-products of an operation a substance
which was employed in the earlier part of the oper-
ation, r., cell-processes in, these consist in either
simple hypertrophy (increase in the size of existing
cells), or numerical hypertrophy, hyperplasia (in-

crease in the number of cells in the tissue), r. after
inflammation, repair by multiplication of the tissue
cells, r. after necrosis, repair by absorption of dead
tissue and its replacement by newly formed normal
tissue, r., pathological, the renewal of destroyed
tissue by a pathological rather than a physiological
process.

regenerin (re-jen'-er-in). Trade name of a leci-
thin and iron preparation; used as a tonic.

regime (ra-zjem) [Fr.]. See regimen.

regimen (rej'-im-en) [regere, to rule]. The regu-
lated use of food and the sanitary arrangement of
surroundings to suit existing conditions of health or
disease.

regio (re'-je-o). Latin for region.

region (re'-jun) [regio, a region]. One of the divi-
sions of the body possessing either natural or arbi-
trary boundaries, r.s of the abdomen, see under
abdomen, r., acromial, the parts near the acromion.
r., anal, pertaining to the anus, r., auric, the area
about the aula, r., auricular, the parts near the ear.
r., axillary, a region upon the lateral aspect of the
thorax, extending from the axilla to a line drawn from
the lower border of the mammary region to that of
the scapular region, r., basilar, the region at the
base of the skull, r., brachial, the region of the arms.
r. of Broca, the third left frontal convolution of the
brain, r., central gray, the medullary substance of
the cerebellar hemispheres, r., cervical, the parts
around the neck, r., ciliary. 1. The zone of the
eyeball in which the ciliary body is situated. 2.
The part of the eyelid containing the cilia, r., clav-
icular, the area about the clavicle, r., costal, the
lateral chest area, r., diaphragmatic, the region of
the diaphragm. _ r., epicranial, the region above the
cranium, r., epigastric, the region over the stomach
bounded laterally by two vertical lines passing through
the middle of Poupart's ligament; above by a hori-
zontal line touching the lower margin of the sternum,
and below by a horizontal line touching the lowest
part of the thorax, and including the pyloric end and
middle of stomach, the left lobe of the liver, the lobu-
lus Spigelii, the pancreas, the duodenum, parts of the
kidneys, the aorta, vena cava, thoracic duct, semi-
lunar ganglia, r., femoral, the parts about the feinur.
r., fibular, the parts about the fibula, r., gastric, the
region over the stomach, r., gluteal, the region of
the gluteus muscle, r., gustatory, the tips, margins,
and root of the tongue in the neighborhood of the
circumvallate papilla?; also the lateral parts of the
soft palate and the anterior surface of the anterior
pillars of the fauces, r., humeral, the parts about
the humerus, r., hyo-mental, see r., supra-hyoid.
r., hyo-sternal, see r., infra-hyoid. r., hypochon-
driac, the region that joins the epigastric region later-
ally. The right hypochondriac region includes the
surface of the abdomen covering the right lobe of the
liver, the gall-bladder, the hepatic flexure of the colon,
and part of the right kidney; the left that covering the
spleen, the splenic end of the stomach, the extremity
of the pancreas, the splenic flexure of the colon, and
part of the left kidney, r., hypogastric, that part of
the abdominal surface between a horizontal line
drawn through the anterior superior crests of the ilia
above and on either side by vertical lines drawn
through the center of Poupart's ligament. It over-
lies the small intestines, the bladder in children and
in adults when distended, the uterus during preg-
nancy, sometimes the vermiform appendix, the cecum,
and the sigmoid flexure of the colon, r., iliac, the
region of the ilium; see also r., inguinal, r., ilioin-
guinal, the iliac region and the groin conjointly, r.,
inferior sternal, the space corresponding to the part
of the sternum below the lower margin of the third
costal cartilages, r., infra-axillary, the space be-
tween the anterior and posterior axillary lines, r.,
infraclavicular, the area circumscribed superiorly by
the lower border of the clavicle, inferiorly by the
lower border of the third rib, on one side by a line
extending from the acromion to the pubic spine, and
on the other side by the edge of the sternum, r.,
infra-hyoid, the space below the hyoid bone, between
the sterno-cleido-mastoidei and the sternum, r., in-
framammary, the space between a line drawn along
the upper border of the xiphoid cartilage and the
margin of the false ribs, and between the middle line
of the xiphoid cartilage and a vertical line passing
through the pubic spine, r., infrascapular, the re-
gion on either side of the vertebral column below a
horizontal line drawn through the inferior angle of

REGION

751

REICHMANN'S DISEASE

each scapula. It is called also the subscapular region.
r., infraspinous, that included between the spine of
the scapula and a line passing through the angle of
the scapula, r., inguinal, r., iliac, the right and left
inguinal or iliac regions are two of the nine abdominal
regions. The right includes the abdominal surface
covering the cecum and the cecal appendix, the
ureter, and the spermatic vessels; the left that cover-
ing the sigmoid flexure of the colon, the ureter, and
the spermatic vessels, r., interscapular, the space
between the scapulae, r., ischio-rectal, the region
corresponding to the posterior part of the pelvic out-
let, between the ischium and the rectum, r., jugal,
the space over the zygoma, r., laryngo-tracheal, the
parts about the larynx and the trachea, r., lenti-
culo-striate, the anterior parts of the lenticular and
caudate nuclei, and the intervening portion of the
internal capsule, r., lenticulo-thalamic, the posterior
part of the lenticular nucleus, the optic thalamus, and
the part of the internal capsule which intervenes, r.,
lingual, the region of the tongue, r., lumbar, the
surface of the abdomen between a curved line drawn
parallel with the cartilage of each ninth rib above and
a curved line parallel with the iliac crests below, and a
vertical line through the center of Poupart's ligament
anteriorly, and the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, r.,
mammary, the space on the anterior surface of the
chest between a line drawn through the lower border
of the third rib, and one drawn through the upper
border of the xiphoid cartilage, r., maxillary, the
parts about the jaws, r., mesogastric, the umbilical
and the right and left lumbar regions together, r.,
middle cervical, the area between the lower jaw, the
sternum, and the anterior edges of the sterno-cleido-
mastoidei. r., motor, see area, motor, r., mylo-
hyoid, see triangle, mylo-hyoid. v., nasal, the parts
around the nose, r., olfactory, the region of the nasal
mucous membrane including the ramifications of the
olfactory nerve, r., orbital, the region of the orbits.
r., palatal, the parts about the palate, r., palpebral,
the region of the eyebrows, r., parasternal, the
space between the mid-axillary line and the edge of
the sternum, r., parotid, see r., retromaxillary. r.,
perineal, the region of the perineum, r., pharyngeal,
the parts about the pharynx, r., popliteal, see pop-
liteal space, r., precordial, the surface of the chest
covering the heart, r., prefrontal, the part of the
frontal lobe anterior to the precentral fissure; it is also
called prefrontal lobe, r., prevertebral, the ventral
surface of the vertebral column, r., psycho-motor, the
cerebral cortex, r., pterygo-maxillary, the parts con-
necting or lying between the pterygoid process of the
sphenoid and the maxillary bone, r., pulmo-cardiac,
the region of the left thorax in which the left lung
overlaps the heart, r., pulmo-gastric, the portion of
the left thorax in which the lung overlaps the stom-
ach, r., pulmo-hepatic, the portion of the right
thorax in which the lung overlaps the liver, r., pul-
movascular, the part of the thorax in which the lung
overlaps the origins of the large vessels, r., respira-
tory (of the nose), the portion of the nasal passages
having to do with the act of respiration, r., retro-
maxillary, the area dorsad of the superior maxilla.
Syn., r., parotid, r., sacral, the area above the sac-
rum, r., sacrococcygeal, that part of the dorsal wall
of the pelvis corresponding to the ventral surface of
the sacrum and coccyx, r., scapular, the space over
either scapula, r., sensory, see sensorium. r., ster-
nal, the region overlying the sternum, r., sternal,
inferior, the part of the sternal region lying below the
margins of the third costal cartilages, r., sternal,
superior, that portion of the sternal region lying above
the lower margins of the third costal cartilages, r.,
sub-auricular, the space immediately below the ear.
r., subclavicular, see r., infraclavicular, r., sub-
mammary, same as r., inframammary. r., sub-
maxillary, same as r., supra-hyoid. r., sub-mental,
the region just beneath the chin. r. sub-ocular, the
anterior extremity of the temporo-sphenoidal lobe.
r., subscapular, see r., infrascapular. r., subthal-
amic, the extension of the tegmentum beneath the
posterior portion of the optic thalamus, r., superior {of
the skull), the space between the superior curved line of
the occipital bone behind, the supra-orbital ridge in
front and, laterally, between the temporal lines, r.,
supra-clavicular, the space between the upper margin
of the hyoid bone, the lower border of the inferior
maxilla and the sternocleido-mastoid muscles, r.,
supra-inguinal, that bounded by the rectus abdom-
inis muscle, Poupart's ligament, and a line through

the iliac crest, r., supra-mammary, same as r. ,
infra-clavicular, q. v. r., supra-scapular, the area
above the spine of the scapula, r., supraspinous, the
region corresponding to the supraspinous fossa of the
scapula, r., supra-sternal, see notch, supra-sternal.
r. tegmental, the tegmentum and corresponding parts
of the pons and oblongata to the decussation of the
pyramids, r., temporo-maxillary, the area over the
junction of the temporal and maxillary bones, r.,
thoracic, relating to the entire surface of the thorax.
r., thyrohyoid, the region around the thyroid cartilage
and the hyoid bone, r., umbilical, the surface of the
abdomen immediately about the umbilicus, bounded
as follows: above, by a horizontal line connecting the
cartilages of the ninth ribs ; below, by a line joining the
crests of the ilia, and laterally, by lines passing ver-
tically through the center of Poupart's ligament, r.,
vertebral, relating to the region over the vertebral
column.

regional (re'-jun-al) [region]. Pertaining to a re-
gion, r. anatomy, the branch of anatomy that treats
of the relations of the structures in a region of the
body to each other and to the body-surface.

register (rej'-ist-er) [registrum]. The compass of a
voice; also a subdivision of its compass, consisting in
a series of tones produced in the same way and of a
like character.

registration (rej-is-tra'-shun) [registralio, a regis-
tering]. The act of recording, as of deaths, births,
etc.

reglementation (reg-le-men-ta'-shun) [Fr., regle-
menter, to make regulations]. The legal restriction
of prostitution.

regression (re-gresh'-un). Retrogression.

regressive (re-gres'-iv) [re, back; gradi, to go]. Go-
ing back; returning; subsiding.

regular (reg'-u-lar) [regere, to rule]. According to
rule or custom, r. physician, one belonging to the
regular school, r. school of medicine, the great mass
of the profession, whose practice is based on the results
of experience and experimental research without ad-
herenceto any exclusive theory of therapeutics.

regulin (reg'-u-lin). Trade name of a preparation
said to consist of agar-agar and cascara sagrada; used
in the treatment of constipation.

regulus (reg'-u-lus). A metal reduced from its ore
to the metallic state.

regurgitant (re-gur' -jit-ant). Flowing backward.

regurgitation (re-gur-jit-a'-shun) [re, again; gur-
gitare, to engulf], i. A back-flow of blood through a
heart-valve that is defective. 2. The return of food
from the stomach to the mouth soon after eating,
without the ordinary efforts at vomiting, r., aortic,
that of the blood-stream through the aorta from in-
competence of the valves, r., functional, a form of
mitral regurgitation due to contraction of the chordae
tendineae and papillary muscles, r., mitral, see mi-
tral reguritation.

Reichardt's test for arsenic in the urine. Concen-
trate 200 Cc. of urine with about 2 Gm. of caustic
soda; dissolve the residue in a little water acidulated
with hydrochloric acid, and then test in a Marsh's ap-
paratus.

Reichel's cloacal duct (ri'-kel) [Friedrich Paul Rei-
chel, German obstetrician, 1858- ]. In the embryo
the narrow cleft separating Douglas's septum from
the cloaca.

Reichert's canal (ri'-kert) [Karl Bogislaus Reichert,
German anatomist, 1811-1884]. See Hensen's can-
al. R.'s cartilages, the hyoid bars which constitute
the skeletal elements of the hyoid branchial arch of
the embryo and ultimately become the styloid pro-
cesses, the stylohyal ligaments, and the lesser cornua
of the hyoid bone. R.'s membrane, see Bowman's
membrane. R.'s scar, an area over the embedded
ovum consisting of a fibrinous lamella instead of de-
cidual tissue as over the rest of the ovum.

Reichl's test for proteids. To the proteid solu-
tion add 2 or 3 drops of an alcoholic solution of ben-
zaldehyde, and then some sulphuric acid, pre-
viously diluted with an equal bulk of water. Finally,
add a few drops of a ferric sulphate solution, and a
deep blue coloration will be produced in the cold
after some time, or at once on warming. Solid pro-
teids are stained blue by this reaction.

Reichl-Mikosch's reagent for albumins. Benzal-
dehyde and sulphuric acid containing ferric sulphate.

Reichmann's disease (rik'-mahn). A chronic disease
of the stomach characterized by permanent gastric hy-
persecretion, associated with marked dilatation of

REID'S LINES

752

RENDU'S TYPE OF TREMOR

the stomach, with thickening of its walls, and hyper-
trophy of the glands. It is accompanied by violent
attacks of pain with vomiting, and may be followed
by the formation of a round ulcer on the wall of the
stomach; gastrosuccorrhea. R.'s sign, the presence
in the stomach, before eating in the morning, of an
acid liquid mixed with alimentary residues; it is in-
dicative of gastrosuccorrhea and pyloric stenosis.

Reid's lines [Robert William Reid, Scotch anatom-
ist, 1851- ]. Three imaginary lines serving for
measurements in craniocerebral topography; one of
them, the base line, is drawn from the lower margin
of the orbit through the center of the external audi-
tory meatus to just below the external occipital pro-
tuberance. The two others are perpendicular to it,
one corresponding to the small depression in front of
the external auditory meatus, the other to the pos-
terior border of the mastoid process. The fissure of
Rolando extends from the upper limit of the posterior
vertical line to the point of intersection of the ante-
rior line and the fissure of Sylvius.

Reil's ansa {ril) [Johann Christian Reil, Dutch
anatomist, 1759-1813]. A tract of fibers passing
from the optic thalamus downward and outward to-
ward the white substance of the hemispheie. Syn.,
ansa peduncularis ; goose's foot. R.'s covered band.
1. The lateral longitudinal striae; the longitudinal
fibers which cross the transverse striae beneath the
fornicate convolution. 2. A fibromuscular fillet that
frequently extends across the right ventricle of the
heart. Syn., moderator band. R.'s island, the insula;
a group of three to five small convolutions (gyri
operti) situated at the bottom of the fissure of Sylvius.
R.'s line, a ridge descending posteriorly from the sum-
mit of the pyramid of the cerebellum. R.'s sulcus,
the sulcus in the bottom of the Sylvian fissure, sepa-
rating the insula from the remainder of the hemi-
sphere.

reimplantation {re-im-plan-ta'-shun) [re, again; plan-
tare, to plant]. In dental surgery, the replacing of a
drawn tooth into its socket.

reinfection (re-in-fek'-shun) [re, again; infection].
Infection a second time with the same kind of
virus. e

reinforcement {re-in-fors'-ment) [OF., reinforcer, to
strengthen]. The act of reinforcing. Any aug-
mentation of force, r. of reflexes, increased myo-
tatic irritability (01 reflex response) when muscular
or mental actions are synchronously carried out, or
other stimuli are coincidently brought to bear upon
other parts of the body than that concerned in the
reflex arc.

reinoculation {re-in-ok-u-la'-shun) [re, again; in-
oculare, to inoculate]. Inoculation a second time
with the same kind of virus.

Reinsch's test. A test for arsenic. The suspected
fluid is strongly acidulated with hydrochloric acid and
boiled, some slips of bright copper being added; a
grayish coating on the copper may be shown to be ar-
senic by heating in a glass tube held obliquely, when,
if it is arsenic a crystalline coating will be sublimated
on the glass above the copper. A similar test, but
with different end reactions may be used for antimony,
bismuth, and mercury.

reinversion (re-in-ver'-shun) [re, again; invert]. The
act of reducing an inverted uterus by the application
of pressure to the fundus.

Reisseisen's muscles {ris'-is-en) [Francis Daniel
Reisseissen, German anatomist, 1773-1828]. The
muscular fibers of the bronchi.

Reissner's Canal (ris'-ner) [Ernst Reissner, German
anatomist, 1824-1878]. See canal, membranous, of
the cochlea. R.'s corpuscles, the epithelial cells cov-
ering Reissner's membrane. R.'s membrane, the
membrana vestibularis; a delicate membrane which
separates the membranous cochlea (scala media) from
the scala vestibuli.

rejuvenescence {re-joo-ven-es'-ens) [re, again; juven-
escere, to grow young]. A renewal of youth; a re-
newal of strength and vigor.

relapse {re-laps') [re, again; labi, to fall]. A return
of an attack of a disease shortly after the beginning of
convalescence.

relapsing fever. An acute infectious disease due
to Spirochceta Obermeieri. After a period of incu-
bation of from 5 to 7 days, the disease sets in with
chill, fever, and pains in the back and limbs. The
spleen enlarges, sweats and delirium occur, and the
symptoms continue for 5 or 6 days, then suddenly
cease by crisis. After a variable interval, usually in

about a week, a second paroxysm occurs, which may
be followed by a third and fourth. The disease pre-
vails where conditions of overcrowding and defective
food-supply obtain; hence the name sometimes given
it, famine-fever.

relation {re-la' -shun) [relatio], 1. Inter-dependence;
mutual influence or connection between organs or
parts. 2. Connection by consanguinity; kinship. 3.
In anatomy, the position of parts of the body as re-
gards each other.

relax {re-laks') [see relaxation]. To loosen, or make
less tense. To cause a movement of the bowels.

relaxant {re-laks' -ant) [see relaxation], 1. Loosen-
ing; causing relaxation. 2. An agent that diminishes
tension.

relaxation {re-laks-a' -shun) [re, again; laxare, to
loosen]. A diminution of tension in a part; a dimin-
ution in functional activity, as relaxation of the skin.

relief (re-lef) [OF., relef, a raising]. 1. The partial
removal of anything distressing; alleviation, r. in-
cision, one to relieve tension, as in an abscess.

religiosus {re-lij-e-o'-sus) [L. "religious"]. A name
given to the superior rectus muscle of the eye.

Remak's band {rem'-ak) [Robert Remak, German
anatomist, 1815-1865; Ernst Remak, German neu-
rologist, 1849- ]. The axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber.
R.'s contractions, so-called diplegic contractions oc-
casionally seen in progressive muscular atrophy when
an electric current is applied. The positive electrode
is placed above and the negative below the fifth cer-
vical vertebra, the contractions occurring on the side
opposite to the anode. R.'s fibers, the non-medul-
lated nerve fibers. R.'s fibrils, the fibrils composing
a nonmedullated nerve-fiber. R.'s 'ganglion, a gang-
lion of nerve cells located in the tissue of the heart
near the superior vena cava. R,'s layer, the inner
longitudional fibrous layer of the tunica intima of
large arteries. R.'s sign, the production, by the
pricking of a needle, of a double sensation, the second
being painful; it is noted in tabes dorsalis. R.'s type
of palsy, paralysis affecting the muscles of the arm —
the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator
longus.

remedial {re-me'-de-al) [remedy]. Having the na-
ture of a remedy; relieving; curative.

remedy {rem'-ed-e) [re, again; mederi, to heal]. Any-
thing used in the treatment of disease.

Remijia {re-mij'-e-ah) [Remijo, a Spanish surgeon].
A genus of rubiaceous shrubs and trees closely related
to cinchona.

remission {re-mish'-un) [re, back; mittere, to send].
1. Abatement or subsidence of the symptoms of a
disease. 2. The period of diminution of the symp-
toms of a disease.

remittent {re-mit'-ent) [remission]. Characterized
by remissions, r. fever, a malarial fever character-
ized by periods of remission without complete apy-
rexia.

remulus {rem'-u-lus) [L., "a small par"]. The nar-
row dorsal portion of a rib.

ren [L. : gen., renis; pi., renes]. The kidney, r.
amyloideus, amyloid degeneration of the kidneys.
r. mobilis, movable kidney, q. v. r. unguiformis, see
horseshoe kidney.

renaden {ren' -ad-en). A proprietary preparation
from kidneys; used in chronic nephritis. Dose i|-2
dr. (6-8 Gm.).

renal {re'-nal) [ren]. Pertaining to the kidney.
r. apoplexy, ischuria, or suppression of urine from
hemorrhage into the substance of the kidney or other
renal lesion, r. calculus, a concretion in the kidney.
r. glands, the suprarenal capsules, r. inadequacy,
the condition in which the amount of urinary solids,
and often the quantity of urine itself, is considerably
diminished. It is probably due to an exhausted con-
dition of the epithelial cells of the kidney, r. plexus,
see plexus, renal, r. storm, Murchison's term for a
peculiar form of neurosal attack referred to the kid-
ney, frequently seen in patients suffering from aortic
regurgitation. There is sudden excruciating pain
over the region of the kidney, like renal colic, but
without nausea or retraction of the testicle, and with
the passage of normal urine.

renalina {ren-al-e'-na). Trade name for a prep-
aration of suprarenal gland.

renculin {ren'-ku-lin) [ren]. An albuminoid said
to exist in the suprarenal capsules.

renculus {ren'-ku-lus). See reniculus.

Rendu's type of tremor {ron'-doo) [Henri Jules
Louis Marie Rendu, French physician, 1844-1902].

RENICAPSULE

753

RESIN

A hysterical tremor provoked or increased by volitional
movements.

renicapsule {ren-e-kap'-sul) [ren; capsula, a cap-
sule]. A suprarenal capsule.

reniculus {ren-ik'-u-lus) [L., dim. of ren, kidney].
A lobule of the kidney; renculus.

reniform (ren'-e-form) [ren; forma, form]. Kidney-
shaped.

renin {ren' -in) [ren], A renal substance used in
organotherapy.

reniportal (ren-ip-or'-tal) [ren, kidney; porta, gate].
Relating to the venous capillary circulation of the
kidney.

renipuncture {ren-e-punk'-chur) [ren; pungere, to
prick]. Puncture of the capsule of the kidney.

renitent {ren'-it-ent) [reniti, to resist]. Resistant
to pressure.

rennet {ren'-et) [AS., rinnan, to run], i. The pre-
pared inner membrane of the fourth stomach of the
calf, or an infusion of this membrane. It contains a
milk-curdling ferment that decomposes casein. 2.
Rennin, q. v.

rennin (ren'-in) [see rennet]. The milk-curdling
ferment of the gastric juice.

renninogen, rennogen {ren-in'-o-jen, ren'-o-jen)
[rennet]. The zymogen whence rennin is formed; it
exists in the cells of the mucous membrane of the
stomach.

renocutaneous {ren-o-kii-ta'-ne-us) [ren; cutane-
ous]. Relating to the kidneys and the skin.

renoform {ren'-o-form). Trade name for a prep-
aration of suprarenal gland.

renogastric {ren-o-gas'-trik) [ren; yaarrip, stomach].
Relating to the kidney and the stomach.

renointestinal {ren-o-in-tes'-tin-al). Relating to
the kidney and the intestines.

renopulmonary {ren-o-pul' -mon-a-re) . Relating to
the kidney and the lungs.

renostypticin {ren-o-stip'-tis-in). Trade name for
a preparation of suprarenal gland.

renostyptin {ren-o-stip'-tin). Trade name for a
preparation of suprarenal gland.

renovation (ren-o-va'-shun) [renovatio; renovare, to
render new]. The repair or renewal of that which
has been impaired.

renuent {ren'-u-ent) [renuens, nodding back the
head]. In anatomy, throwing back the head; ap-
plied to certainmuscles.

renule {ren'-ul) [ren, the kidney]. A small kidney.

Reoch's test for albumin. See Macwilliam. R.'s
test for hydrochloric acid in the contents of the stom-
ach, on the addition of a mixture of citrate of iron and
quinine and potassium sulphocyanide to the gastric
juice or contents of the stomach, containing free
hydrochloric acid, a red coloration will be produced.

reorganization {re-or-gan-iz-a'-shun) [re, again;
organization]. Healing by the development of tissue
elements similar to those lost through some morbid
process.

rep. Abbreviation for repetatur [L.]. Let it be
repeated.

repand (re-pand') [re, back; pandus, bent, crooked].
In biology, applied to a leaf-margin which is toothed
like the margin of an umbrella. A bacterial culture
with a wrinkled or wavy edge.

repatency {re-pa' -tense) [re, again; patens, open].
The reopening of a part or vessel, r. of a vessel,
after ligation, the reopening of the lumen of a ligated
vessel from too rapid absorption of the ligature, or
from slipping of the knot.

repellent {re-pel '-ent) [re, back; pellere, to push].
1. Driving back. 2. Causing resolution of morbid
processes.

repercolation {re-per-ko-la'-shun) [re, again; per-
colare, to percolate]. Repeated percolation; the
passage of a percolate for a second time, or oftener,
through the percolator.

repercussion {re-per-kush'-un) [re, again; per-
cussion]. 1. Ballottement. 2. A driving in or dis-
persion of a tumor or eruption.

repercussive {re-per-kus'-iv) [see repercussion],
1. Repellent. 2. A repellent drug.

repercutient {re-per-ku'-she-ent) [re, again; per-
cutere, to percuss]. Effecting a repercussion; per-
taining to a process or function of rebound, or reac-
tion.

replantation {re-plan-ta'-shun) [replantare, to plant
again]. The act of planting again, r. of the teeth,
the replacement of teeth which have been extracted
or otherwise removed from their cavities; when

diseased, the thickened periosteum is scraped off
before returning such teeth to their sockets.

repletion {re-ple'-shun) [re, again; plere, to fill].
The condition of being full.

replication {rep-lik-a'-shun) [re, back; plica, a
fold]. A refolding or turning back of a part so as
to form a duplication.

reposing {re-po' '-zing) [see reposition]. Returning
an abnormally placed part to its proper position.

reposing the features, in dentistry, a term including
everything necessary to bring each and all of the
visible parts of the face and mouth into harmony of
relation to each other; this necessarily includes the
teeth, the relation of the lower to the upper jaw,
the lips, cheeks, and soft parts of the face that have
assumed a wrong position by reason of the loss of the
natural organs.

reposition {re-po-zish'-un) [re, back; ponere, to
place]. Return of an abnormally placed part to its
proper position. Reduction of hernia, dislocation,
uterus, etc.

repositor {re-poz' -it-or) [see reposition]. An instru-
ment for replacing parts that have become dis-
placed, especially for replacing a prolapsed umbilical
cord; an instrument used in the replacement of a
displaced uterus. .

repoussoir {ra-poo-swahr') [Ft.]. An instrument
for extracting the roots of teeth.

reprise {ra-prez') [Ft. "recovery"]. That part
of the cry of a child which is heard during the act of
inspiration. The loud inspiration in pertussis. The
"whoop."

reproduction {re-pro-duk'-shun) [re, again; pro-
duce]. 1. The conscious repetition of perceived
sensations. 2. The act of producing again; the
procreation of one's kind; the producing of something
like that lost, r., asexual, that without sexual inter-
course, r., endogenous, internal cell formation, r.,
sexual, thatby the union of sexually distinct cells.

reproductive {re-pro-duk'-tiv) [reproduction]. Per-
taining to reproduction, as the reproductive organs.

repullulation {re-pul-u-la'-shun) [re, again; pullu~
lare, to sprout]. The return of a morbid growth.

repulsion {re-pul'-shun) [re, back; pellere, to drive;
to push]. 1. The act of repelling or driving back or
apart. 2. The influence tending to drive two bodies
apart; the opposite of attraction, r., capillary,
repulsion due to the forces causing movements of
liquids in small tubes.

resacetin {rez-as'-et-in). A salt of oxyphenyl-
acetic acid.

resaldol {rez-al'-dol). An acetyl derivative of
saliformin and resorcinol; an intestinal astringent
and antiseptic. Dose 8 dr.-2| oz. (30-75 Gm.)
daily.

resalgin {rez-al'-jin). A compound of resorcin
and antipyrin.

resection {re-sek'-shun) [re, again; secare, to cut].
The operation of cutting out. r. of a joint, the
cutting away of the ends of the bones forming a
joint, or a portion of bone, nerve, or other structure.

reserve air. See respiration.

reservoir of Pecquet {pek-a'). See receptaculum
chyli.

residual air {re-zid'-u-al). See under respiration.
r. ear, a middle ear which has been the seat of a
suppurative process, which process has ceased and
left the tympanic structures in a permanently dam-
aged condition.

residue {rez'-id-u) [residere, to remain]. That
remaining after a part has been removed ; balance or
remainder.

residuum {re-zid'-u-um). 1. See residue. 2.
Behring's term for the mass of tubercle bacilli used
in the manufacture of tuberculase.

resilience {re-zil'-e-ens) [resilient]. 1. The quality
of being elastic or resilient. 2. Healthy reaction.

resilient {re-zil'-e-ent) [re, back; satire, to leap].
Rebounding; elastic, r. stricture, one that contracts
again immediately after being dilated.

resin {rez'-in) [resina]. 1. One of a class of
vegetable substances exuding from various plants,
and characterized by being soluble in alcohol, in
ether, and in the volatile oils, and insoluble in water;
they are readily fusible and inflammable. They are
obtained in pharmacy by treating the substances
containing them with alcohol, and then precipitating
the alcoholic solution with water. 2. See rosin.
r., gum-, one differing from a true resin only in
containing some gum capable of softening in water.

RESINA

754

RESPIRATION

r. of jalap (resina jalapa, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). r.-plaster. See plaster.
r. of podophyllum {resina podophylli, U. S. P.).
Dose £-$ gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). r. of scammony
(resina scammonii, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 4-8 gr.
(0.26-0.52 Gm.).

resina (rez-i'-nah). Colophony. The residue left
after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine.
See rosin.

resinate (rez'-in-at). A compound of a resin with
a base.

resineon (rez-in'-e-on). A volatile oil distilled
from resin with potash and freed from phenol. It
is used as a wound antiseptic and in the treatment
of skin diseases.

resinoid (rez'-in-oid) [resina, a resin; eldos, like].
1. Resembling a resin. 2. A substance which has
some of the properties of a resin. Most of the so-
called resinoids are of indefinite chemical compo-
sition; others are impure resins.

resinol (rez'-in-ol). See retinol.

resinous (rez'-in-us) [resin]. Having the nature
of a resin.

resistance (re-zis'-tans) [resistare, to withstand].

1. Opposition to force or external impression.

2. In electricity, the opposition offered by a con-
ductor to the passage of the current, r.-coil, a coil
of wire for increasing the resistance in a circuit.
r., essential, r., internal, the resistance to conduction
within the battery itself, r., extraordinary, r.,
external, the resistance to conduction outside of the
battery, r., Issaeff's period of, a temporary power
of resistance to inoculation by virulent cultures of
bacteria, conferred by the injection of various
substances, such as salt solution, urine, serum, etc.

resistivity (re-zis-tiv'-it-e) [resistance]. The amount
or character of electrical resistance exhibited by a
body.

resol (rez'-ol). A disinfectant mixture of saponi-
fied wood-tar and methyl-alcohol.

resolution (rez-o-lii'-shun) [resolvere, to resolve].
The return of a part to the normal state after a
pathological process.

resolve (re-zolv1) [resolvere, to resolve]. 1. To
return to the normal state after some pathological
process. 2. To separate anything into its component
parts.

resolvent (re-zol'-vent) [resolve]. 1. Causing solu-
tion or dissipation of tissue. 2. An agent causing
resolution.

resolving power. The capability of a lens of
making clear the finest details of an object.

resonance (rez'-o-nans) [re, again; sonar e, to
sound]. 1. The sound obtained on striking a hollow
object, especially the note obtained on percussing
the chest or abdomen. 2. The sound of the voice
as transmitted to the ear applied to the chest, r.,
amphoric, a sound resembling that produced by
blowing across the mouth of a bottle, r., bell-
metal, a bell-like sound heard on auscultation in
pneumothorax when the chest is percussed with two
coins used as plexor and pleximeter. r., cracked-pot, a
sound elicited by percussing over a pulmonary cavity
communicating with a bronchus, r., hydatid, a pecu-
liar sound heard in combined auscultation and percus-
sion of hydatid cysts. It is not heard in other cystic
conditions, r., Skodaic, the increased percussion
resonance over the upper part of a lung when the
lower part is compressed by a pleural effusion, r.,
tympanitic, a hollow sound elicited on percussion over
the intestine and over large pulmonary cavities with
thin yielding walls, r., vesicular, the normal
pulmonary resonance, r., vesiculotympanitic, an
admixture of vesicular and tympanitic resonance.
r., vocal, the sound heard on auscultation of the
chest during ordinary speech, r., whispering, the
sound heard on auscultation of the chest during the
act of whispering.

resonant (rez'-o-nant) [resonans, resounding].
1. Sounding or ringing in the nasal passages. 2. A
resonant or nasal sound; see consonant.

resonator (rez'-o-na-tor) [see resonance]. An instru-
ment used to intensify sounds.

resopyrine (rez-o-pi'-ren). A compound of resor-
cinol and antipyrine. It is used in any condition
in which antipyrine and resorcinol are indicated.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.).

resorbent (re-sorb' -ent) [resorbere, to draw to it-
self]. 1. Favoring resorption. 2. A drug which
aids in the process of resorption.

resorbin (re-sorb' -in). A penetrating ointment-
base consisting of an emulsion of sweet almond oil,
wax, and a dilute aqueous solution of gelatin or soap.

resorcin (re-zor'-sin). See resorcinol.

resorcinism (re-zor'-sin-izm) [resorcin]. A toxic
condition caused by injudicious or excessive use of
resorcin.

resorcinol (re-zor'-sin-ol) [resin; or cin]. 1. C6H6O2.
A crystalline substance isomeric with pyrocatechin
and hydroquinone, and usually prepared by fusing
sodium benzene disulphonate and sodium hydroxide.
It is an antipyretic and antiseptic, but is chiefly
used in ointments for chronic skin diseases. Dose
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 2. Equal parts of resor-
cinol and iodoform fused together; it is used as a
surgical dusting-powder, 20 to 50 % with starch,
or 7 to 15 % ointment.

resorcinopyrin (re-zor-sin-o-pi'-rin). See reso-
pyrin.

resorcinum (re-zor'-sin-um) [L.: gen., resorcini].
Resorcinol.

resorcylalgin (re-zor-sil-al'-jin). A crystalline
derivative of /3-resorcylic acid and antipyrin, soluble
in alcohol, ether, or chloroform, or 150 parts of
water; melts at 1150 C. It is antipyretic and
anodyne. _ Syn., resalgin.

resorption (re-sorp'-shun) [re, again; sorbere, to
absorb]. 1. The absorption of morbid deposits,
as of the products of inflammation. 2. The process
through which the roots of temporary teeth disap-
pear. Occasionally the roots of permanent teeth
suffer resorption, r., cutaneous. See absorption,
cutaneous, r.-infection, a mode of jnfection marked
by the development of bacteria at a distance from the
point of introduction, r., lacunar (of bone), resorp-
tion of bone by osteoclasts forming and occupying
Howship's lacunae.

resosalyl (re-so-sal'-il). A proprietary antiseptic
containing the salicylate ester of ethyl-resorcin with
boric acid, benzoic acid, camphor, chloral, and other
substances.

respirable (res-pi' -rah-bl) [see respiration]. Capable
of being inspired and expired ; capable of furnishing the
gaseous interchange in the lungs necessary for life.

respiration (res-pi-ra'-shun) [re, again; spirare, to
breathe]. 1. The interchange between the gases
of living organisms and the gases of the medium
in which they live, through any channel, as cutaneous
respiration. 2. The act of breathing with the
lungs; the taking into and the expelling from the
lungs of air. It consists of two acts — inspiration,
or the taking in of the atmospheric air, and expiration,
the expelling of the modified air. Expired air
contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than
inspired air. The volume of air taken into the lungs
and given out during an ordinary respiration (tidal
air) is 500 Cc; the volume that can be inspired in
addition by a forcible inspiration (complemental air)
is 1500 Cc; that which remains in the chest after a
normal expiration (reserve or supplemental air) is
1500 Cc; the amount remaining in the chest after
the most complete expiration (residual air) is from
1 200-1600 Cc. The volume of air that can be
forcibly expelled after the most forcible inspiration
is termed vital or respiratory capacity and is equal
to the tidal air, complemental air, and reserve air,
or about 3500 Cc See breath and breathing, r.,
abdominal, a type of respiration caused by the
contraction of the diaphragm and the elasticity of
the abdominal walls and viscera. It is more common
in men than in women, r., absent, suppression of
respiratory sounds, r., accelerated, when exceeding
25 respirations a minute, r., aerial, respiration in
which the respiration membrane receives oxygen and
is relieved of carbon dioxide by means of atmospheric
air. r., amphoric, a blowing respiration engendered
in large cavities with firm walls. Its peculiar charac-
ter is due to an echo from the walls of the cavity.
r., aquatic, respiration in which the respiratory
membrane, the branchial mucosa (gills), the skin,
etc, receive oxygen and are relieved of carbon dioxide
by means of water, r., artificial, artificial produc-
tion of the normal respiratory movements; see
artificial respiration, r., blowing. See r., bronchial.
r., branchial, respiration by means of gills or bran-
chiae as in aquatic animals, r., bronchial, respiration
as heard over the trachea or bronchial tubes in
health; it is high in pitch, equal in inspiration and
expiration, blowing in character, especially the expir-
atory element, and is marked by a brief pause be-

RESPIRATION

755

RESPIRATORY

tween inspiration and expiration. It is well defined
only in case of pulmonary consolidation, r., broncho-
cavernous, a form intermediate in character between
bronchial and cavernous respiration, r., broncho-
vesicular, respiration having the characters of both
bronchial and vesicular respiration. It is heard over
areas of consolidation surrounded by patches of
healthy lung-tissue, r., buccal. See mouth-breath-
ing, r., cavernous, a blowing respiration of low
pitch, circumscribed, alternating with gurgling, and
deriving its chief character from the nature of the
cavity in which it is generated, r., center of, the
nervous center regulating the act of respiration is
situated in the floor of the fourth ventricle near the
point of the calamus. It is automatic in its action.
r., cerebral, respiration in which the lips are closed,
the cheeks distended, the nostrils dilate with each
expiration, which is attended with a puffing sound;
the respirations are irregular. It is observed es-
pecially in typhus fever and in apoplexy, r., clavi-
cular, a form resorted to by singers and in which the
clavicle is brought into play in the respiratory
movements, the shoulders being elevated, r.,
cogged or cogwheel. See r., interrupted, r., costal,
respiration in which the chest-movement predomi-
nates over the diaphragmatic movement. It is seen
especially in women, and is supposed to be related
to gestation or perhaps partially to the mode of
dress, r., costo-inferior, respiration in which the
elevation and depression (respiratory movements)
are confined chiefly to the lower ribs. It is best seen
in dogs, r., costo-superior, respiration in which
the respiratory movements involve chiefly the upper
ribs. It is most common in women, r., cutaneous,
the giving off of carbon dioxide and taking up of
oxygen through the skin, r., diaphragmatic. See
r„ abdominal, r., direct, respiration in which the
living substance of an organism, as an ameba, takes
oxygen directly from the surrounding medium and
returns carbon dioxide directly to it, no respiratory
blood being present, r., divided, respiration in which
there exists a distinct interval between inspiration
and expiration. It is seen in emphysema as a result
of the distention of the air-vesicles and consequent
reduction in expelling force, r., exaggerated, an
increase in intensity, without alteration in character
or rhythm of the respiratory movements, r., ex-
ternal. See r., blood, r., extrinsic (of F. Hewitt),
the inspiration and immediate expiration of a gas,
so that a portion that has once been inspired is not
inspired again, r., facial, a term applied to all the
movements of the face during inspiration and expira-
tion, r.. feeble, diminution in the intensity without
alteration in the character or rhythm of the respira-
tory movements, r., fetal, the interchange of gases
between the fetal and the maternal blood through
the medium of the placenta, r., forced, respiration
induced by blowing air into the lungs by means of a
bellows, or in some other way, as in physiological ex-
periments, r., harsh. See r., broncho-vesicular.
r., hissing, an increased vesicular murmur causing
a hissing sound, r., hollow. See r., amphoric.
r., indeterminate, the most pronounced vesicular
grade of broncho-vesicular respiration, r., indirect,
respiration in which the living substance of the
organism, as in all the higher animals, gets rid of
carbon dioxide and obtains oxygen by means of a
circulating respiratory blood, r., inner or internal,
the taking up of oxygen and giving off of carbon
dioxide by the body-elements for their own require-
ments. It occurs in man in the capillary system.
r., interrupted, respiration in which either inspiration
or expiration is divided into two or more parts. It
is most often heard at the apex of the right lung,
anteriorly, r., intestinal, the interchange of respira-
tory gases in the mucous membrane of the intestines.
r., intra-uterine, respiration by the fetus before
delivery, r., intrinsic (of F. Hewitt), the breathing
over and over again of a limited volume of gas. r.,
jerking. See r., interrupted, r., labored, respiration
in which, owing to lack of ability on the part of the
ordinary muscles of respiration to sufficiently aerate
the blood, the auxiliary muscles of respiration are
called into play, r., laryngeal, the widening of the
glottis during inspiration and its narrowing during
expiration, r., lung. See r., pulmonary, r., meta-
morphosing (of Seitz), respiration in which the
first part of the inspiratory sound is tubular and
the last part cavernous; a cavernous element is also
heard during expiration. It is a certain sign of a

cavity (Vierordt). r., muscle, respiration by a
muscle when in action, r., nasal, nose-breathing.
r., nervous. See r., cerebral, r., normal, respiration
as it occurs in a normal individual in a state of rest
or moderate action, r., oral. See mouth-breathing.
r., ordinary. See r., normal, r., organs of, any
parts of the body by means of which certain con-
stituents of the blood are exchanged for those of
the surrounding air or water, r., pharyngeal (of
Garland), rhythmic expansions and contractions of
the pharynx in connection with other movements
of respiration. The expansion is pre-inspiratory
and the contraction inspiratory, r., placental. See
r., fetal, r., puerile. See r., exaggerated, r., pos-
tural, r., prone. See artificial respiration, Hall's
method, r., puerile. See r., exaggerated, r., pul-
monary, respiration in which the interchange of gas
between the blood and air occurs in the lungs, r.,
rough, a variety of broncho-vesicular respiration.
r., rude. See r., rough, r., senile, the feeble respira-
tion of old age. r., sighing, deep respiration accom-
panied with sighing. It is seen in pulmonary con-
gestion and dyspepsia, r., stertorous, the sound
produced by breathing through the nose and mouth
at the same time, causing vibration of the velum
pendulum palati between the two currents of air.
r. subsibilant (of Laennec), a dull, whistling sound
heard over the bronchi, and due to an obstruction
by mucus, r., superficial. See r., blood, r., sup-
plementary. See r., exaggerated, r., thoracic. See
r., costal, r., tissue. See r., internal, r., to-and-
fro. See r., intrinsic, r., tracheal, the respiratory
murmur heard in a normal individual by placing a
stethoscope over the supra-sternal fossa, r., tran-
quil. See r., normal, r., tubular. See r., bronchial.
r., _ uremic. See Cheyne-Stokes' respiration, r.,
vaginal, the movements of the vagina caused by the
movements of the diaphragm in respiration, r.,
ventral. See r., abdominal, r., vesicular, a soft,
gradual, low-pitched inspiration immediately fol-
lowed by a shorter and less distinct expiration-
sound heard over the normal lung during respiration.
r., vesiculo-bronchial. See r., bronchovesicular.
r., vesiculocavernous, respiration that is both vesi-
cular and cavernous, r., wavy. See r., interrupted.

respirator (res'-pi-ra-tor) [respiration]. An appli-
ance by which the inspired air, in passing through it,
is warmed, purified, or medicated.

respiratory (res-pi' -ra-to-re) [respiration]. Pertain-
ing to respiration, r. blood, Huxley's name for
the fluid present in the pseudohemal system of
vessels of certain invertebrates (Annelida). It
contains a dissolved red substance allied to
hemoglobin, r. bundle, the ascending root of the
glossopharyngeal nerve, probably arising in the
posterior horns of the cord. r. capacity, the
capacity of the blood for taking up oxygen in the
respiratory organs and depositing it in the tissues,
and of taking up carbon dioxide from the tissues and
giving it off in the respiratory organs, r. cavity,
the same as the thoracic cavity; also used as a
general term to describe the air-passages, r. center.
See center, respiratory, r. chamber, a respiratory
cavity, r. excursion, the entire movement of the
chest during the complete act of respiration, r.
filaments, thread-like organs arranged in tufts near
the head of the larva of the gnat. r. glottis, that
part of the glottis between the arytenoid cartilages.
r. murmur, the sound produced by the air entering
and escaping from the lungs during respiration.
r. nerve, one of two nerves supplying important mus-
cles of respiration: the external is the posterior
thoracic nerve; the internal, the phrenic nerve.
r. percussion, Da Costa's term for the method of
physical examination by noting the sound elicited
by percussion of the chest while the breath is held
after a full inspiration, and also after a prolonged
expiration, r. periods, the time elapsing between
the beginning of one inspiration and that of the next.
r. pulse, the modifications in the pulse produced by
respiration, r. quotient, the quotient resulting from
dividing the quantity of carbon dioxcide exhaled,
by the amount of oxygen inhaled, r. sound. See
r. murmur, r. surface, the entire surface of pul-
monary tissue coming in contact with the respired
air. r. tract, all the air-passages and air-cells con-
cerned in respiration, r. tubes, a term applied to
all tubular organs of respiration, r. vesicular mur-
mur, the normal respiratory murmur; see respiration,
normal.

RESPIRE

756

RETENE

respire (re-splr') [re, back; spirare, to breathe].
To breathe.

respirometer (res-pi-rom'-et-er) [respiration; ukrpov,
a measure]. A device to determine the character of
the respiration.

response (re-spons') [respondere, to answer]. The
reaction or movement of a muscle or other part due
to the application of a stimulus.

responsibility (re-spon-sib-iV -it-e) [respondere, to
answer]. In medical jurisprudence, the accounta-
bility of a person for an act committed. It usually
turns upon the question as to whether or not the
person was of sound mind and capable of controlling
his actions and thoughts.

rest [ME., resten, to rest]. I. Cessation of labor
or action; to sleep; to lie dormant. 2. A mass of
embryonic cells which, having been misplaced during
organic evolution, remain quiescent and fail to reach
their normal evolution. They at times act as foci
for the development of new growths or other patho-
logic phenomena, r.s, adrenal, r.s, suprarenal,
masses of aberrant adrenal tissue occasionally
observed beneath the capsule of the kidney, r.-
atom, the part of an atom which remains after an
alpha-ray has been discharged from it; also called
recoil-atom, r.-cure. See Mitchell's treatment.

restibrachium (res-te-bra'-ke-um) [restis; brachium].
The inferior peduncles of the cerebellum.

restiform (res'-te-form) [restis; forma, form].
Corded or cord-like. r. body, a part of the medulla
oblongata, which as the inferior cerebellar peduncle
connects the medulla with the cerebellum. It con-
tains fibers from the lateral column of the spinal
cord (the lateral cerebellar tract), from the posterior
column, and from the inferior olivary nucleus.

resting (rest'-ing). Ceasing from motion; at rest.
r.-cell. Same as r. -spore, r.-sporangium, in biology,
Pringsheim's term for peculiar resting-cells formed by
the mycele of a few fungi (e. g., Saprolegnia), in
which zoospores are produced, r.-spore, in biology,
a spore invested with a firm cell-wall, which remains
dormant for a period, often during the whole winter,
before it germinates, r.-stage, in biology, the period
of dormancy in the history of a plant or germ.
r.-state, in biology, a state of suspended activity,
the condition of perennial plants, bulbs, seeds, and
spores during their period of dormancy.

restis (res'-tis) [L., "a rope"]. The restiform
body.

restitutio ad integrum [L.]. Complete restoration
to a healthy condition.

restitution (res-tit-u'-shun) [re, again; statuere, to
set up]. 1. The act of restoring. 2. In obstetrics,
a rotation of the fetal head immediately after its
birth.

restoration {res-tor -a' -shun) [restaurare, to restore].
The renewal of or return to a state of health.

restorative (re-sto'-ra-tiv) [restore]. A remedy
that is efficacious in restoring health and strength.

restraint (re-strant') [restringere, to draw back].
1. Hindrance of any action, physical, moral, or
mental. 2. The state of being controlled; speci-
fically, abridgment of liberty in the care of the insane.
r.-bed and r.-chair. Seer., mechanical, r., mechani-
cal, restraining the insane by mechanical means.
r., medicinal, the use of narcotics and sedatives in
quieting the insane.

restringent (re-strin'-jent) [restringere, to restrain].
An astringent or styptic.

resublimation (re-sub-lim-a' -shun) [re, again;
sublimare, to raise on high]. The process of subliming
a drug for the second time.

resudation (re-su-da'-shun) [re, again; sudor,
sweat]. The return of sweating as a symptom.

resupinate (re-su'-pin-at) [re, again; supinare,
to bend backward]. Turned in a direction opposite
to normal; as an ovary with its apex downward.

resurrectionist (rez-ur-ek'-shun-ist) [resurgere, to
rise again]. Colloquially, one who steals dead
bodies from the grave as subjects for dissection.

resuscitate (re-sus'-it-at) [resuscitare, to revive].
To revive ; to recover from apparent death.

resuscitation (re-sus-it-a'-shun) [re, again; suscitare,
to raise up]. The bringing back to life of one ap-
parently dead.

resuscitator (re-sus'-it-a-tor) [see resuscitation].
One who or that which resuscitates, r., intragastric,
an apparatus devised by Fenton B. Tiirck for the
purpose of reducing surgical shock and collapse.
It consists simply of a double stomach-tube, at one

end of which is attached a soft-rubber bag. By
this means heat is applied in a uniform and diffuse
manner, up to 135° F.

retainer (re-ta'-nur) [retinere, to keep back]. A
dental appliance for holding in position teeth which
have been moved.

retamine (ret-am'-en) [retama, the Spanish name
for genista], C15H26N2O. An alkaloid from the bark
of Genista sphcerocarpa.

retardation (re-tar-da' -shun) [retardatio; retardare,
to delay]. Any hindering or delaying of a function.
In obstetrics, delay in expelling the fetus. In
biology, the change of structure during growth
accomplished by the subtraction of parts. The
opposite of acceleration, q. v.

retarding (re-tar' -ding) [retardare, to delay].
Hindering; delaying, r. ague, a variety of ague in
which the paroxysm is postponed to a later hour
each day.

retch [AS., hrcecan, to clear the throat]. To
strain at vomiting.

rete (re'-te) [L., a net: pi., retia]. Any network
or decussation and interlacing, especially of capillary
blood-vessels, r., acromiale, a plexus of arteries
on the surface of the acromial process, formed by
anastomoses between the acromial branch of the
acromiothoracic, the suprascapular, and the anterior
and posterior circumflex, r. arteriosum capitis, a
network over the upper part of the cranium formed
by the anastomosis of the frontal, temporal, and
occipital arteries, r. arteriosum faciei, a network
formed by the terminal branches of the facial, infra-
orbital, ophthalmic, and internal maxillary arteries
r. articulare cubiti, an arterial anastomosis over the
elbow, r. articulare genu, one formed by the
anastomosis of the arteries over the anterior and
lateral surfaces of the knee, r., bipolare, applied
to blood-vessels that unite into larger stems and
again divide and end in capillaries, r. calcaneum,
an arterial anastomosis over the os calcis. r., carpal,
anterior, and posterior, two plexuses of arteries
formed by the carpal branches of the radius and
ulna, one in front and the other at the back of the
wrist, r. carpi dorsale, the posterior carpal arch.
r. carpi volare, an arterial meshwork made up of
branches from the radial and ulnar arteries and
deep palmar arch upon the anterior surface of the
carpus, r. choroideum, vascular prolongations of
the pia. r., cubitale. See r. articulare cubiti. r.
dorsalis pedis, an arterial network on the dorsum
of the foot formed by branches of the tarsal and meta-
tarsal arteries joined by perforating plantar branches.
r. epidermal. Same as r. mucosum. r. Halleri, the
upper part of the Wolffian body by which the com-
munication between the seminiferous tubules and
the Wolffian duct is established and maintained.
r. majus, the great omentum, r. malleolare in-
ternum and externum, the network surrounding the
inner and the outer ankle, r. Malpighii, the layers
of epithelial cells above the corium. r. mirabile
(pi., retia mirabilia), is seen when an artery splits
into branches and reunites in a trunk, without form-
ing capillaries, r. mirabile duplex. See r. mirabile
geminum or conjugatum. r. mirabile (of Galen), a
network of vessels formed by the intracranial portion
of the internal carotid artery in some animals, r.
mirabile geminum or conjugatum, a plexus in which
arteries and veins are combined, r. mirabile of
Malpighi, the network formed by the ultimate rami-
fications of the pulmonary artery, r. mirabile
simplex, a network involving only veins or arteries.
r. mirabile unipolar. See r., unipolar, r. mucosum,
the three lower layers of living cells of the epidermis.
r. olecrani, the network of vessels around the ole-
cranon and at the back of the elbow, formed by the
divisions of the profunda and other arteries, r.
patellare, the plexus of vessels surrounding the
patella, r. tarseum dorsale, an arterial network upon
the dorsal surface of the tarsus, r. testis, the net-
work of seminal tubules in the corpus Highmori of
the testicle, r., unipolar, the capillary divisions of
blood-vessels which do not reunite, r. vasculosum,
a network of blood-vessels, r. vasculosum testis.
See r. Halleri. r. venosum dorsale manus, a venous
network on the back of the hand. r. venosum dorsale
pedis, a venous network on the dorsum of the
foot. r. venosum volare manus, a palmar network
of the hand.

retene (re' -ten), CisHis. A hydrocarbon occurring
in the highest fractions of coal-tar and also a deriva-

RETENTIO

757

RETENITIS

tive of phenanthrene. It occurs in the tar of highly
resinous pines and in some mineral resins.

retentio mensium (re-ten' -she-o men' -se-um) [L.].
Retention of the menses; a condition in which men-
struation occurs but its products are retained in
consequence of atresia of the genital canal.

retention (re-ten' -shun) [re, back; tenere, to hold].
The act of retaining or holding back. r. cyst. See
cyst, retention, r.-hypothesis (of Chauveau). See
immunity, theory of, Chauveau' s retention, r. of urine,
the holding of the urine in the bladder on account
■of some hindrance to urination.

retia (re'-te-ah) [L., plural of rete]. See rete.

retial (re'-te-al) [rete]. Relating to, or of the nature
of, a rete.

reticula (ret-ik'-u-lah) [pi. of reticulum, a network].
The preferred name for formatio reticularis.

reticular (ret-ik'-u-lar) [reticulum]. Resembling a
net; formed by a network, r. formation. See
formatio reticularis, r. lamina, the membrane cover-
ing the organ of Corti. r. layer of the skin, the
deep layer of the skin, consisting of interlacing
bands of white and yellow fibrous tissue, r. tissue,
the stroma of adenoid tissue; adenoid tissue; cellular
tissue in general.

reticulated (ret-ik-u-la'-ted). Having net-like
meshes.

reticulin (re-tik'-u-lin). A body found by Sieg-
fried in the fibers of reticular tissue with a percentage
composition: C, 52.88; H, 6.97; N, 15.63; S, 1.88;
P, 0.34; ash, 2.27; but believed by other authorities
to be simply collagen coagulated by reagents com-
bined with proteid and nuclein residues of cells.

reticulose (ret-ik'-u-los) [reticulum, a net]. Min-
utely or finely reticulate.

reticulum (ret-ik'-u-lum) [reticulum, dim. of rete,
net]. A network.

retiform (ret'-if-orm). Net-shaped; reticular.
r. tissue. See reticular tissue.

retina (ret'-in-ah) [rete]. The delicate membrane
of the eye representing the terminal expansion of
the optic nerve, and extending from the point of
entrance of the nerve forward to its termination in
the ora serrata. It consists of the following layers,
named from behind forward: (a) the pigment-layer;
(b) the neuroepithelial layer, comprising the layer
of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane; bacillary
layer), the outer limiting membrane, and the outer
nuclear layer; (c) the cerebral layer, comprising the
outer reticular layer (outer granular layer) , the inner
nuclear layer, the inner reticular layer (inner granular
layer), the ganglion-cell layer, the nerve-fiber layer.
These layers are cemented together by a supporting
framework of connective tissue, the fibers of Mueller,
or radiating fibers, r., central artery of, a branch
of the ophthalmic artery that pierces the optic nerve
in the orbit, branching within the globe, and sup-
plying the retina, r., coarctate, a term used to
describe the morbid condition caused by an effusion
of liquid between the retina and the choroid; it
gives the retina a funnel shape, r., detachment of,
disconnection from the choroid, r. epilepsy of, a
symptom of migraine or of epilepsy, characterized
by transient loss of sight, r., fovea centralis of.
See fovea, r. leopard or tiger, the appearance of
the retina in chronic retinitis pigmentosa, r.,
limbus luteus of. See macula lutea. r., membrana
limitans of. See membrana limitans. r., physio-
logical, middle point of. See fovea centralis, r. pulsa-
tion of. See pulsation, r., shot-silk appearance of.
See reflex, watered silk, r., sustentacular fibers of.
See Mueller, fibers of. r. watered-silk appearance of.
See reflex, watered-silk.

retinacula (ret-in-ak'-u~lah) [L.]. Plural of reti-
naculum, q. v.

retinaculum (ret-in-ak'-u-lum) [L., "a band"].
A band or membrane holding back an organ or part.
r. costae ultimatae. Same as lumbo-costal ligament,
q. v. retinacula cutis, fibrous bands connecting> the
corium with the underlying fascia, r. ligamenti ar-
cuati, the short external lateral ligament of the
knee-joint, r. Morgagni, r. of the ileocecal valve,
the ridge formed by the coming together of the valve-
segments at each end of the opening between the
cecum and the ileum, r. musculare tendinis sub-
scapularis majoris, a name for the inconstant brachio-
capsularis muscle originating in the shaft of the
humerus and inserted into the capsular ligament of
the shoulder joint, retinacula ossis brachii, fibrous
bands inserted into the neck of the humerus and

having their origin in the capsule of the humero-
scapular articulation, r. patellae externum, the
lateral patellar ligaments, r. patellae internum, the
ligamentum patellae mediale. r. peroneorum in-
ferius, a fibrous band running over the peroneal
tendons as they, pass through the grooves on the
outer side of the c'alcaneum. r. peroneorum superius,
the external annular ligament of the ankle-joint.
r. tendineum, the annular ligament of the wrist or
ankle, retinacula valvulae. See retinaculum Mor-
gagni.

retinal (ret'-in-al) [retina]. Pertaining to or
affecting the retina, r. apoplexy, hemorrhage into
the retina, r. horizon, a term used by Helmholtz
to describe the horizontal plane passing through
the transverse axis of the eyeball, r. image, the
image of external objects as reflected on the retina,
r. ischemia, anemia of the retina, r. melanin. See
fuscin. r. purple. Same as rhodopsin.

retinitis (ret-in-i'-tis) [retina; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the retina, r. albuminurica, the
form due to nephritis, usually chronic, r. apoplec-
tica, retinal apoplexy, r., central punctate, a form
seen most in the aged. A great number of striae or
white spots are visible in the fundus, r., central
recurrent, a rare form of syphilitic retinitis charac-
terized by a central dark scotoma which disappears
in a few days to return in a few weeks; the attacks
becoming more frequent, r., central relapsing, a
form of syphilitic retinitis in which there is a gray
or yellow area in the muscular region, or numerous
small yellowish-white spots and pigment-dots.
r. cerebralis, retinitis due to intracranial inflamma-
tion, r., choroido-, a form of syphilitic retinitis
with cellular infiltration, exudation, atrophy, and
proliferation of the pigment-epithelium in the
choroid, between the choroid and retina, and in the
retinal layers, r. circumpapillaris, a form in which
there is proliferation of the outer layers of the retina
around the disc, r., diabetic, the form of retinitis
occurring in diabetes, r., diffuse. See r. serosa.
r., diffuse parenchymatous, the parenchymatous
form affecting the limitans, the externa, the interna,
and the adventitia. r. exsudativa, retinitis with
parenchymatous exudation, r., glycosuric. Same
as r., diabetic, q. v. r. gravidarum, a form occurring
in pregnant women and which is similar to retinitis
albuminurica, and is of grave prognostic import.
r. haemorrhagica, a form in which there is swelling
of the papilla and opaque infiltration of the sur-
rounding retina; there are distended, dark, and tor-
tuous veins, and the arteries are small; there are
hemorrhages, linear or irregular and round in appear-
ance, r. hepatica, a rare form whih sometimes
occurs in cases of parenchymatous hepatitis, r.
leukaemica, a form characterized by pallor of the
retinal vessels and optic disc, the boundary of the
latter being indistinct. Hemorrhages appear at
various points of the membrane, while numerous
white patches and round bodies are visible about the
disc in the retina, r. macularis. Same as r., central
relapsing, q. v. r. nephritica. See r. albuminurica.
r. nyctalopia, a diffuse, streaked opacity of the
retina and swelling of the disc, with central scotoma
or color-scotoma, and more or less marked amblyopia.
It indicates retro-bulbar neuritis, r. paralytica
(of Klein), retinitis caused. by paralysis affecting the
optic nerve. ' r., parenchymatous, a simple chronic
retinitis affecting the connective tissue of the retina.
r. pigmentosa, an affection involving all the layers
of the retina, and consisting in a slowly-progressing
connective-tissue and pigment-cell proliferation of
the entire membrane, with wasting of its nerve-
elements, r. postica, inflammation of the ectal
retinal layer, r. proliferating, a development of
connective tissue with the formation of dense bluish
white masses within the retina, and extending into
the vitreous humor, r. punctata albescens. Same
as r., central punctate, r., purulent, a form in which
there are small circumscribed white spots near the
papilla and in the macular region, r., renal. See
r. albuminurica. r., septic. Same as r., purulent.
r. serosa, a form characterized by an infiltration,
most marked in the nerve-fiber and ganglionic layer
of the retina, creating opacity, edema, and hyperemia,
most marked in the veins, r., simple syphilitic, a
form of syphilitic retinitis in which the ophthal-
moscope shows a gray opacity surrounding the
papilla, which is discolored and cloudy, and the
veins darker than normal, r. simplex. Same as

RETINOCHOROIDITIS

758

RETROSTALSIS

r. serosa, r., solar, retinal change from the effect of
sunlight, r. sympathetica, retinitis of sympathetic
origin, and attended with retinal hyperemia, redness
of the disc, engorgement of the veins, and great
disturbance of vision, r., syphilitic, the form
occurring in syphilis; it is chronic, diffuse, and a late
manifestation of the systemic disease.

retinochoroiditis (ret-in-o-ko-roi-di'-tis) [retina;
choroiditis]. Inflammation of the retina and choroid.

retinoid (ret'-in-oid) [prjTivrj, resin; eZSos, form].
Resin-like, or in the form of a resin.

retinol (ret'-in-ol) [resin], C32H16. A liquid
hydrocarbon obtained in the destructive distillation
of resin. It is used as a solvent and has also been
employed in gonorrhea.

retinoscopy (ret-in-os'-ko-pe) [retina; cwoTreiv, to
view]. A method of determining the refraction of
the eye by observation of the movements of the
retinal images and shadows through the ophthal-
moscopic mirror. Syn., skiascopy.

retort (re-tor t') [re, back; torquere, to twist]. A
vessel employed in distillation, consisting of an
expanded globular portion and a long neck, and
containing the liquid to be distilled.

retract (re-trakt') [re, back; trahere, to draw].
To draw back; to contract; to shorten.

retractile (re-trak'-til) [retrahere, to draw back].
That wluch may be drawn back. r. carcinoma,
mammary carcinoma with retraction of the nipple.

retractility re-trak-til'-it-e) [retract]. The power
of retracting or drawing back.

retraction (re-trak'-shun) [retract]. The act of
retracting or drawing back, as a retraction of the
muscles after amputation. Shortening.

retractor (re-trak'-tor) [retract]. An instrument
for drawing back the lips of a wound so as to give a
better view of the deeper parts.

retrad (re'-trad) [retro, backward]. In or toward
the rear.

retrahens aurem (re-tra'-henz aw' -rem). Drawing
back the ear. See under muscle.

retrahent (re'-tra-hent) [retrahens, drawing back].
Drawing backward; retracting.

retrenchment (re-trench' -ment) [Fr., retrenchement],
A plastic operation the object of which is to obtain
cicatricial contraction by the removal of super-
fluous tissue.

retro- (re-tro-). A prefix meaning back, back-
ward, or behind.

retroaction (re-tro-ak'-shun) [retro-; agere, to do].
Reverse action.

retroanteroamnesia (re-tro-an-ter-o-am-ne'-ze-ah) .
See amnesia, retroanterograde.

retroanterograde (re-tro-ant'-er-o-grad) [retro-; an-
terius, before; gradi, to go]. Reversing the order of
succession, r. amnesia. See amnesia, retroantero-
grade.

retroauricular (re-tro-aw-rik'-u-lar). Dorsad of
the auricle of the ear or of the heart.

retrobuccal (re-tro-buk'-al) [retro-; bucca, the cheek].
Pertaining to the back part of the mouth or of the
cheek.

retrobulbar (re-tro-bul'-bar) [retro-; bulbar]. 1.
Situated or occurring behind the eyeball. 2. Behind
the medulla oblongata, r. neuritis, inflammation
in the orbital part of the optic nerve, r. perineuritis,
inflammation of the sheath of the orbital part of the
optic nerve.

retrocecal (re-tro-se'-kal). Pertaining to the back
of the cecum.

retrocedent (re-tro-se'-dent) [retro-; cedere, to go].
Going back; disappearing from the surface, r.
gout, a form of gout in which the joint-inflammation
suddenly disappears and is replaced by affections of
the internal organs.

retroceps (re'-lro-seps) [Fr.]. A variety of ob-
stetrical forceps used to grasp the fetal head from
behind.

retrocervical (re-tro-ser'-vik-al) [retro-; cervix, neck].
Situated behind the cervix uteri.

retrocession (re-tro-sesh'-un) [retrocede]. The act
of going back.

retroclusion (re-tro-kloo'-zhun) [retro-; claudere, to
shut]. A form of acupressure in which the pin is
passed first above the artery into the tissues on the
other side, then below the artery into the tissues upon
the side first entered.

retrocolic (re-tro-kol'-ik). Behind the colon.

retrocollic (re-tro-kol'-ik) [see retrocollis]. Per-
taining to the muscles at the back of the neck.

r. spasm, spasm of the muscles at the back of the
neck, causing retraction of the head.

retrocollis (re-tro-kol'-is) [retro-; collis, the nape of
the neck]. Torticollis.

retrocopulation (re-tro-kop-u-la'-shun) [retro-; copu-
lare, to copulate]. The act of copulating from
behind or aversely.

retrodeviation (re-tro-de-ve-a'-shun) [retro-; devi-
ation]. Any backward displacement; a retroflexion
or retroversion.

retrodisplacement (re-tro-dis-plas'-ment) [retro-;
displacement]. Backward displacement of a part or
organ.

retroesophageal (re-tro-e-sof-aj'-e-al) [retro-; eso-
phagus]. Located behind the esophagus.

retroflected (re-tro-flek'-ted). Same as retroflexed.

retrofiection (re-tro-flek'-shun). See retroflexion.

retroflex (re'-tro-fleks) [retro-; fleeter e, to turn].
Turning back abruptly.

retroflexed (re-tro-fleksf) [retro-; fleeter e, bend].
Bent backward.

retroflexion (re-tro-flek'-shun) [retro-; flexion].
The state of being bent backward, r. of the uterus,
a condition in which the uterus is bent backward
upon itself, producing a sharp angle in its axis.

retrograde (ret' -ro-grad or re' -tro-grad) [retro-; gradi,
to go]. Going backward; undoing, r. carcinoma,
a carcinoma which grows firmer and less in size and
remains so. r. embolism, embolism in which the
embolus has gone against the normal direction of
the blood-stream. r. metamorphosis, katabolic
change.

retrography (re-trog'-ra-fe) [retro-; ypcuj>eu>, to
write]. Backward writing; mirror-writing.

retroinsular (re-tro-in' -su-lar) [retro-; insula, island].
Situated behind the island of Reil, as the retroinsular
convolutions.

retroiridian (re-tro-i-rid'-e-an) [retro-; iris]. Be-
hind the iris.

retrojection (re-lro-jek'-shun) [retro-; jectio, a
throwing]. The washing out of a cavity from within
outward.

retrojector (re'-tro-jek-tor) [retro-; jacere, to throw].
An instrument for washing out the uterus.

retrolingual (re-tro-ling'-gwal) [retro-; lingua, the
to^kue]. Relating to that part of the throat back
of the tongue.

retromalleolar (re-tro-mal-e' -o-lar) [retro-; malle-
olus]. Located back of a malleolus.

retromammary (re-tro-mam'-ar-e) [retro-; mamma,
breast]. Situated or occurring behind a mammary
gland.

retromastoid (re-tro-mas'-toid). Behind the mas-
toid.

retromaxillary (re-tro-maks'-il-a-re) [retro-; max-
illa]. Situated behind the maxilla.

retromorphosis (re-tro-mor-fo'-sis) [retro-; fiop<j>r),
form]. Katabolism; retrograde metamorphosis;
katabolic change.

retronasal (re-tro-na'-zal) [retro-; nasus, nose].
Situated behind the nose or nasal cavities.

retro-ocular (re-tro-ok'-u-lar). See retrobulbar (1).

retroperitoneal (re-tro-per-it-on-e'-al) [see retro-
peritoneum]. Situated behind the peritoneum.

retroperitoneum (re-tro-per-it-on-e'-um) [retro- ;
peritoneum]. The space lying behind the peritoneum
and in front of the spinal column and lumbar muscles.

retroperitonitis (re-tro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [retro-; peri-
tonitis]. Inflammation of the retroperitoneal struc-
tures.

retropharyngeal (re-tro-far-in'-je-al) [retro-; phar-
ynx]. Situated behind the pharynx, as retropharyn-
geal abscess. -

retropharyngitis (re-tro-far-in-ji'-tis) [retro-; phar-
yngitis]. Inflammation of the retropharyngeal
tissues.

retropharynx (re-tro-far'-inks). The posterior
portion of the pharynx.

retroplacental (re-tro-pla-sent'-al). Behind the
placenta.

retroposed (re'-tro-pozd) [retro-; ponere, to place].
Displaced backward.

retroposition (re-tro-po-zish'-un) [retro-; position].
Backward displacement of the uterus without flexion
or version.

retropulsion (re-tro-Pul'-shun) [retro-; pellere, to
drive]. 1. A driving or turning back, as of the
fetal head. 2. A running backward; a form of walk-
ing sometimes seen in paralysis agitans.

retrostalsis (re-tro-stal'-sis) [retro-; arahais, com-

RETROSTERNAL

759

RHACHIALGIA

pression]. Reversed peristalsis; peristaltic action
that tends to drive the intestinal contents cephalad
instead of caudad.

retrosternal (re-tro-ster'-nal) [retro-; sternum].
Situated behind the sternum.

retrotarsal (re-tro-tar'-sal) [retro-; tarsus]. Situ-
ated behind the tarsus, as the retrotarsal fold of the
conjunctiva, r. fold. See. fornix conjunctiva.

retrotracheal (re-tro-tra'-ke-al) [retro-; trachea].
Situated or occurring behind the trachea.

retrouterine (re-tro-u'-ter-ln) [retro-; uterus]. Be-
hind the uterus, r. hematocele, a blood-tumor
behind the uterus in the pouch of Douglas.

retrovaccination (re-tro-vak-sin-a'-shun) [retro- ;
vaccination]. Vaccination with virus from a cow
that had been inoculated with the virus of smallpox
from a human subject.

retrovaccine (re-tro-vak'-sen) [retro-; vaccine].
The virus obtained after inoculating a cow with
human virus.

retroversioflexion {re-tro-ver-se-o-flek'-shun). Com-
bined retroversion and retroflexion.

retroversion (re-tro-ver'-shun) [retro-; version].
A turning back. r. of uterus, a condition in which
the uterus is tilted backward without curvature of
its axis.

retroverted {re'-tro-ver-ted). Tilted or turned back-
ward, as a retroverted uterus.

Retzius' brown striae (ret'-ze-us) [i. Anders Adolf
Retzius, Swedish anatomist, 1 796-1 860; and 2. Mag-
nus Gustav Retzius, Swedish histologist, 1842- ].
[2] Brownish concentric lines in the enamel of the
teeth, running nearly parallel to the surface. R.'s
capsule, [1] the fascial formation investing the intra-
pelvic and bulbous portions of the urethra and Cow-
per's glands. R.'s fibers, [1] the rigid filaments of
Deiters' cells in the organ of Corti. R.'s ligament, [1]
the outer portion of the anterior annular ligament
of the ankle which forms a loop around the peroneus
tertius and the extensor longus digitorum. R.'s
space, [1] a triangular space the basis of which lies
between the spines of the pubes, the apex being
from 5 to 7 centimeters above. In this space, which
is filled with connective tissue, the bladder is not
covered by the peritoneum. Syn., cavum Retzii.
R.'s veins, [1] the veins forming anastomoses between
the mesenteric veins and the inferior vena cava.

reunient (re-un'-yent) [re, again; unire, to unite].
Uniting divided parts.

reuniol {re-un'-e-ol) [Reunion, an island in the
Indian Ocean; oleum, oil]. A proprietary substitute
for attar of rose, said to be derived from Algerine,
French and Reunion geranium oil. It resists oxi-
dation and has the perfume of the tea rose. It is
soluble in alcohol, fats, and fixed oils.

reunion (re-un'-yun) [re, again; unto, to become
one]. The joining of parts whose continuity has
been destroyed, r. of wound. See healing.

Reusner's sign of early pregnancy \royz'-ner).
An increase in the volume of the pulsation of the
uterine arteries may be perceived through the vagina
in the posterior culdesac as early as the fourth week.

Reuss' formula (roys). The formula by means of
which the amount of albumin contained in patholog-
ical exudates and transudates can be approximately
calculated when the specific gravity, that depends
upon the amount of albumin present, is known:
E = I (S — 1000) — 2.8; E = percentage of albumin
contained in the fluid; S = specific gravity of the
fluid. R.'s test for atropine, heat the substance
to be tested with sulphuric acid and an oxidizing
agent; in the presence of atropine a fragrance as of
roses and orange-flowers is given off.

re vaccination (re-vak-sin-a'-shun) [revaccinatio].
Renewed or repeated vaccination.

revalenta (rev-al-en'-tah). A commercial and
proprietary food-preparation for invalids, said to
be composed principally of lentil meal.

reveilleur (ra-va'-yur) [Fr.]. The instrument
used in Baunscheidtism.

revellent (re-vel'-ent) . See revulsive.

Reverdin's method, or operation (re-ver-dan')
[Auguste Reverdin, Swiss surgeon, 1849-1908].

1. For blepharoplasty : removal of the cicatricial
tissue, suturing of the lid to the opposite one in its
normal position, and skin-grafting of the raw surface.

2. For skin-grafting: a point of skin is raised on an
ordinary sewing-needle, and shaved off with a scalpel
or scissor; the graft is then transferred to the fresh
surface next to the healthy granulations. 3. For

symblepharon: detachment of the lid and transplan-
tation of a small flap from the cheek.

reverie (rev'-er-e) [Fr., reverie]. A state of dreamy
abstraction; visionary mental or ideational move-
ment, the mind itself, at least so far as volition is
concerned, being passive.

reverse (re-vers') [reverter e, to turn back]. In
bandaging, a half-turn employed to change the
direction of a bandage.

reversible reaction, or equation. One in which
the displacement may occur in either direction.

reversion (re-ver'-shun) [reverter e, to turn back].
In biology: 1. The appearance of characteristics
which existed in remote ancestors. 2. The back-
ward development of plant-organs, as stamens into
petals, etc. 3. Becoming wild after having been
domesticated or cultivated. 4. The chemical action
opposed to inversion (the hydrolytic cleavage of
compound sugars into monosaccharids) whereby
monosaccharids are condensed into complicated
carbohydrates, r., neogenetic, the anomalous adult
development of an embryonic rudiment, r., paleo-
genic, reversion to an atavus so remote that tr/e
rudiment is not even represented in the embryo.

Revilliod's sign (ra-ve-yo') [Henri Revilliod, Swiss
physician]. Inability of the patient to close the
eye of the affected side only; it is observed in paralysis
of the facial nerve. Syn., signe de Vorbiculaire.

revitalization {re-vi' -tal-i-za' -shun) [re, again; vita,
life]. The act or process of refreshing or revitalizing.

revive (re-viv') [re, again; vivere, to live]. To
return to life after seeming death.

revivification (re-viv-if-ik-a'-shun) [revivificatio].
1. Restoration to consciousness. 2. The refreshen-
ing of surfaces by paring before placing them in
apposition.

reviviscence {re-viv-is'-ens) [reviviscere, inceptive
of revivere, to revive]. The awaking from a period
of dormancy; said of insects after hibernation.

revulsant (.re-vul'-sant) [revellere, to push away].
1. Revulsive. 2. A medicine or agent that, by
irritation, draws the blood from a distant part of
the body.

revulsion {re-vul'-shun) [re, back; vellere, to pluck].
A plucking or driving backward; specifically, the
diverting of disease from one part to another by the
sudden withdrawal of the blood from the part.

revulsive (re-vul'-siv) [see revulsion]. 1. Causing
revulsion. 2. An agent that causes revulsion.

revulsor (re-vuV-sor). 1. An apparatus for effecting
revulsion by the alternate application of heat and
cold. 2. A plate or cylinder set with needles, used
in producing counterirritation.

Reybard's suture (ra'-bar). An interrupted loop-
suture for wounds of the intestine.

Reynold's test for acetone. To the liquid to be
tested add freshly precipitated mercuric oxide, shake
and filter. If acetone is present, the filtrate will
contain mercury, owing to the acetone dissolving
freshly precipitated mercuric oxide. The mercury
may be detected by overlaying the filtrate with
ammonium sulphide, which turns black.

R. F. A. Abbreviation for right frontoanterior
position of the fetus.

R. F. P. An abbreviation for right frontoposterior
position of the fetus.

Rh. Chemical symbol of rhodium.

Rhabditis (rab-di'-tis) [pa08os, a rod]. A genus of
nematode worms a few species of which are parasitic
in man.

rhabdium (rab'-de-um) [dim. of /Sd/35os, a rod].
A fiber of striped or voluntary muscle.

rhabdoid (rab'-doid) [pafidos, a rod; el5os, like].
Rod-like. r. suture, the sagittal suture.

rhabdomyoma (rab-do-mi-o'-mah) [pafiSos, a rod;
myoma]. A form of myoma characterized by the
presence of striated muscular fibers.

Rhabdonema (rab-do-ne'-mah) [pofiSos, a rod;
vrina., a thread]. A genus of parasitic round-worms.

rhachi- (ra'-ke) [rhachis], A prefix meaning relat-
ing to the spine.

rhachiagra, rachiagra (ra-ke-a'-grah) [rhachi-;
&ypa, a seizure]. Gouty or rheumatic pain in the
muscles of the spine.

rhachial, rachial (ra'-ke-al) [ptxts, spine]. Pertain-
ing to the spine.

rhachialgia, rachialgia (ra-ke-aV-je-ah) [pdx«, spine;
&X70S, a pain]. Any pain in the spine. Spinal irri-
tation, r. mesenterica. Same as tabes mesenterica,
q. v.

RHACHIALGITIS

760

RHAMNUS

rhachialgitis, rachialgitis (rak-e-al-ji'-tis) [pdxw,
spine; a\yos, pain; iris, inflammation]. Inflammatory
rhachialgia.

rhachiasmus, rachiasmus (ra-ke-az'-mus) [pdxw,
spine]. Spasm of the muscles at the back of the
neck, as seen in the early part of many epileptic
attacks.

rhachicentesis, rachicentesis (ra-kis-en-te'-sis)
[rhachi-; Ket>Tt)<Tis, puncture]. Puncture into the
spinal canal.

rhachicocainization, rachicocainization (ra-ke-ko-
ka-in-i-za' -shun) [rhachi-; cocainization]. The in-
duction of anesthesia by the injection of a solution
of cocaine hydrochloride into the subarachnoid space
by means of a lumbar puncture.

rhachidial, rachidial (ra-kid'-e-al) [pdxw, spine].
Pertaining to a rhachis, or spine.

rhachidian, rachidian (ra-kid'-e-an) [see rhachidial].
Spinal ; vertebral.

rhachilysis, rachilysis (ra-kil'-is-is) [pdxw, spine;
Xfeip, to loose]. A method of treating lateral curva-
ture of the spine by mechanical counteraction on
the abnormal curves.

rhachio- or rachio- (ra'-ke-o) [pdxw, spine]. A
prefix denoting connection with or relation to the
spine.

rhachiocampsis, rachiocampsis (fa-ke-o-kamp'-sis)
[pdxw, spine; kolh^ls, a bending]. Curvature of the
spine.

rhachiochysis, rachiochysis (ra-ke-o-ki'-sis) [pdxw,
spine; xu<rw, a pouring]. An accumulation of water
or watery substance within the spinal canal.

rhachiodynia, rachiodynia (ra-ke-o-din'-e-ah)
[rhachi-; 65wr?, pain]. Spasmodic pain in the spinal
column.

rhachiokyphosis, rachiokyphosis (ra-ke-o-ki-fo'-sis)
[pdxw, spine; Kixpocns, a bending]. Gibbosity, or
hunch of the back.

rhachiometer, rachiometer (ra-ke-om'-et-er) [pdxw,
spine; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument used to
measure the degree of spinal deformities.

rhachiomyelitis, rachiomyelitis (ra-ke-o-mi-el-i'-tis)
[pdxw, spine; (iveXfc, marrow; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the spinal cord. Myelitis.

rhachiomyelophthisis, rachiomyelophthisis (ra-ke-
o-mi-el-off'-this-is) [/idxw, spine; tiveXSs, marrow;
ipdiais, a wasting]. See tabes dorsalis.

rhachiomyelos, rachiomyelos (ra-ke-o-mi'-el-os)
[pdxw, spine; nve\6s, marrow]. See spinal cord.

rhachioparalysis, rachioparalysis (ra-ke-o-par-aV-
is-is) [pdxw, spine; paralysis]. Spinal paralysis.

rhachiophyma, rachiophyma (ra-ke-o-fi'-mah) [pdxw,
spine; (j>vp.a, a growth]. A spinal tumor.

rhachioplegia, rachioplegia (ra-ke-o-ple'-je-ah)
[pdxw, spine; irXriyf), stroke]. Spinal paralysis.

rhachiorrheuma, rachiorrheuma (ra-ke-or-roo'-mah)
[pdxw, spine; rheuma]. Spinal rheumatism.

rhachioscolioma, rachioscolioma (ra-ke-o-sko-le-o'-
mah) [pdxw, spine; tr/coXtw/xa, a curve]. Lateral dis-
tortion and curvature of the spine.

rhachioscoliosis, rachioscoliosis (ra-ke-o-sko-le-o'-
sis) [pdxw, spine; scoliosis]. The condition ~ and
progress of curvature of the spine.

rhachiostrophosis, rachiostrophosis (ra-ke-o-stro-
fo'-sis) [pdxw, spine; arpbcpos, twisted]. Curvature of
the spine.

rhachiotome, rachiotome (ra'-ke-o-tom) [pdxw,
spine; 7-0^17, cutting]. A cutting instrument used in
rhachiotomy.

rhachiotomy, rachiotomy (ra-ke-ot'-o-me) [rhachi-;
To/irj, a cutting]. 1. The operation of cutting into
or through the vertebral column. 2. The operation
of cutting through the spine of the fetus to facilitate
delivery.

rhachipagus, rachipagus (ra-kip'-a-gus) [pdxw,
spine; irayos, anything fixed]. A double fetal mon-
strosity in which the twins are joined back to back
by any portion of the spinal column.

rhachis, rachis (ra'-kis) [pdxw]. The spinal
column. In biology, (a) the main petiole of a com-
pound leaf; (b) the axis of inflorescence; (c) the shaft
of a feather; (d) the arched middle area of the dorsal
surface of a trilobite. r. nasi, the line extending
from the tip to the root of the nose.

rhachischisis, rachischisis (ra-kis'-kis-is) [pdxw,
spine; axXet-v, to cleave]. A cleft in the vertebral
column. Same as spina bifida.

rhachistovainization, rachistovainization (ra-ke-
sto-va-in-i-za' -shun) [rhachi-; slovaine]. The induc-
tion of anesthesia by the injection of a solution of

stovaine into the sabarachnoid space by means of a
lumbar puncture.

rhachitae, rachitae (ra-ki'-te) [faxtru]. The muscles
attached to the vertebral column.

rhachitic, rachitic (ra-kit'-ik) [rhachitis]. Affected
with, resembling, or produced by rhachitis; rickety.
r. rosary, the row of nodules appearing on the ribs,
at their junction with the cartilages, in rhachitis.

rhachitis, rachitis (ra-ki'-tis) [rhachi-; ms, inflam-
mation]. Rickets , a constitutional disease of infancy,
characterized by impaired nutrition and changes in
the bones, the symptoms being a diffuse soreness of
the body, slight fever, and profuse sweating about the
head and neck, and changes in the osseous system,
consisting in a thickening of the epiphyseal cartilages
and periosteum and a softening of the bones. Through
the action of the muscles on the soft bones various
deformities are produced, while the periosteal
hyperplasia leads to nodular hyperostoses, especially
about the head, giving the latter a square appearance
(caput quadratum). Dentition and closure of the
fontanels are delayed. Nervous symptoms are
often present, as feverishness, laryngismus stridulus
and convulsions. The liver and spleen are usually
enlarged. The etiology is obscure — it has been
ascribed to deficiency in the earthy salts, to defect
in the osteoblasts, and to microorganismal infection.
r. adultorum, osteomalacia; mollities ossium. r.
annularis, congenital rhachitis characterized by the
production after birth, of furrows of the bones and
fractures (Winckler). r. micromelica, intrauterine
rhachitis, characterized by shortening of the limbs
and thickening of the diaphyses, (Winckler). r.
senilis. See r. adultorum.

rhachitism, rachitism (ra'-kit-izm). Rhachitis.

rhachitol (ra'-kit-ol). An extract of suprarenal
glands; used in the treatment of rhachitis.

rhachitome, rachitome (ra'-kit-om) [rhachi-; ri/xveiv,
to cut]. An instrument for opening the spinal canal.

rhachitomy, rachitomy (ra-kit'-o-me) [rhachi-;
Tkuveiv, to cut], i. Section of the spine. 2. De-
collation of the fetus.

rhachitropacocainization, rachitropacocainization
(ra-ke-tro-pa-ko-ka-in-i-za'-shun) . Subarachnoid

cocainization by means of tropacocaine.

rhachus (ra'-kus) [pdxos]. A ragged wound.

rhaciodynia, rachiodynia (ra-ke-o-din'-e-ah) [Mxw,
spine; bbbv-q, pain]. Pain in the spinal cord.

rhacoma (ra-ko'-mah) [f>aKb&.v, to rend]. Excori-
ation, rent, or chapping. Also, a pendulous condition
of the scrotum.

rhacosis (ra-ko'-sis) [pd«os, a rag]. The condition
of one affected with rhacoma.

rhacous (ra'-kus) [paws, a rag]. Wrinkled; lacer-
ated.

rhaebocrania or rhebocrania (re-bo-kra'-ne-ah)
[paifios, crooked; icpaviov, the skull]. The condition
of wry-neck.

rhaeboscelia, rhaebosis (re-bo-se' -le-ah, re-bo'-sis)
[pai(36s, crooked; trxeXos, leg]. Crooked-legged.

rhaestocythemia (res-to-si-the'-me-ah). See rhesto-
cythemia.

rhagades (rag'-ad-ez) [ptryds, fissure]. Linear
cracks or fissures, especially in the skin.

rhagadia (rag-a'-de-ah). See rhagades.

rhagoid (rag'-oid) [pd?, a grape; elSos, likeness].
Resembling a grape.

rhamma (ram' -ah). Suture, q. v.

rhamnegin (ram'-ne-jin), O2H10O5. A glucoside
derived from buckthorn-berries.

rhamnetin (ram-ne'-tin). See rhamnin.

rhamnin (ram'-nin) [panvos, the buckthorn].
1. A yellow, neutral, crystalline substance found in
buckthorn. It contains rhamnetin, a valuable
yellow coloring-matter. 2. A proprietary fluidex-
tract of cascara sagrada; it is recommended in the
treatment of obstinate constipation.

rhamnocathartin (ram-no-kath-art'-in) [fia/xvos,
buckthorn; KadapriKos, purging]. A yellow, amorph-
ous, translucent substance; a bitter principle con-
tained in the berries of rhamnus cathartica.

rhamnose (ram'-nos) [rhamnus], C6H12O5. One
of the glucoses. It results upon decomposing various
glucosides with dilute sulphuric acid.

rhamnoxanthin (ram-no-zan' -thin) [fiapivos, buck-
thorn; £ai>66s, yellow]. See frangulin.

Rhamnus (ram'-nus) [p&nvos, buckthorn]. A genus
of trees and shrubs; buckthorns. R. pursbiana
(U. S. P.), cascara sagrada. The. dried bark of
R. purshiana, the California buckthorn. It is used

RHANTER

761

RHINEDEMA

as a laxative in habitual constipation. Dose 15 gr.
(1 Gm,). Dose of the extract (extractum rhamni
purshiance, U. S. P.) 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.); of the fluid-
extract (fluidextr actum rhamni purshiance, U. S. P.)
15 min. (1 Cc); of the aromatic fluidextract (fluid-
extractum rhamni purshiance aromaticum, U. S. P.)
15 min. (1 Cc). See also Cascara sagrada.

rhanter (rant'-er) [pavrrip, a sprinkler]. The inner
canthus, q. v.

rhaphagra (raf-a'-grah) [pa<pr], a seam; ay pa,
a seizure]. Pain in the cranial sutures.

rhaphanedon (raf-an'-ed-on) [pa4>avq86v]. A trans-
verse fracture.

rhaphania (raf-a'-ne-ah). See raphania.

rhaphe (raf'-e) . See raphe.

rhatany (rat'-an-e). See krameria.

rhebosis {re-bo' -sis) [p<u/S6s, bent; aneKos, leg].
Curvature of the legs.

rhegma (reg'-mah) [prjyp.a, a rent]. A rupture of
the walls of a vessel or of the containing membrane
of a tissue, as, for example, the coats of the eye, the
walls of the peritoneum. Also, the bursting of an
abscess.

rhein (re'-in) [rheum]. 1. The precipitate from a
tincture of Rheum palmatum; it is cathartic, tonic,
cholagogue, and antiseptic. Dose 1-4 gr. (0.065-
0.25 Gm.). 2. Same as chrysarobin.

rhembasmus (rem-baz'-mus) [pep-fieiv, to wander].
Mental distraction, or wandering.

rheo- (re-o-) [pkos, current]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to a current.

rheochord (re'-o-kord). An instrument serving to
graduate the strength of the galvanic current. See
rheostat.

rheometer (re-om'-et-er) [rheo-; ukrpov, a measure].
1. A galvanometer. 2. An apparatus for measuring
the velocity of the blood-current.

rheophore (re'-o-for) [rheo-; <pkp*iv, to bear]. An
electrode.

rheoscope (re'-o-skop) [rheo-; aKoveiv, to see].
An instrument for demonstrating the existence of an
electric current; a galvanoscope.

rheostat (re'-o-stat) [rheo-; laravai, to stand].
An instrument introduced into an electric current
and offering a known resistance, for the purpose of
regulating the strength of the current.

rheotachygraphy (re-o-tak-ig'-raf-e) [rheo-; raxvs,
swift; ypb4>tw, to write]. The registration of the
curvee of variation in electromotive action of muscles.

rheotaxis (re-o-tdks'-is) [rheo-; to£is, orderly
arrangement]. The reaction of a body to a current
of fluid, whereby that body is induced to move either
with or against the current of the fluid.
. rheotome (re'-o-tom) [rheo-; rkp.veiv, to cut]. An
instrument for breaking and making a galvanic cir-
cuit; an interrupter, r., differential, one for indi-
cating the negative variation in muscle-currents.

rheotrope (re'-o-trop) [rheo-; rpkirav, to turn].
An apparatus for reversing the direction of an electric
current.

rheotropism. Rheotaxis.

rhestocythemia, rhestocythaemia (res-to-si-the'-me-
ah) [paioTos, destroyed; kvtos, cell; alp.a, blood]. The
presence of broken-down erythrocytes in the blood.

rheum (re'-um). See rhubarb.

rheum (room) [pevp.a, from pelv, to flow]. Any
watery or catarrhal discharge, r., salt-, eczema.

rheuma (roo'-mah). Same as rheum, r. epidemi-
cum. Synonym of influenza, r. ventris. Synonym
of dysentery.

rheumagon (roo'-ma-gon) [rheum; eryeii', to carry
off]. A proprietary preparation of sodium iodide
and sodium phosphate for use in gout and syphilis.

rheumarthritis, rheumarthrosis (roo-mar-thri'-tis,
roo-mar-thro'-sis) [rheum; dpdpov, a joint; ins, inflam-
mation]. Acute articular rheumatism.

rheumatalgia (roo-mat-al'-je-ah) [rheum; aXyos,
pain]. Rheumatic pain.

rheumatic (roo-mat'-ik) [rheum]. Pertaining to,
of the nature of, or affected with rheumatism.
r. diathesis, the condition of body tending to the
development of rheumatism, r. fever, acute articular
rheumatism, r. gout. Synonym of rheumatoid
arthritis.

rheumatin (roo' -mat-in) . See saloquinine salicylate.

rheumatisant (roo-mat' -is-ant) . One affected with
rheumatism.

rheumatism (roo'-mat-izm) [rheum]. A consti-
tutional disease characterized by pain in the joints
and muscles, tending to recur, and associated with

exposure to cold and wet. r., acute articular, a
form characterized by fever, by swelling of various
joints, beginning usually in one and rapidly spreading
to others, by acid sweats, and by a marked tendency
to involve the endocardium, less frequently the
pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum. The iris and
conjunctiva may also become affected, r., chronic,
a chronic form in which the symptoms are milder
and in which the disease attacks either the muscles
(muscular rheumatism) or the joints (chronic articular
rheumatism), r., gonorrheal, joint-inflammation oc-
curring in association with gonorrheal urethritis.
It generally involves but one joint; if several are
affected, it is usually the smaller joints. The
course is chronic, r., inflammatory, acute articular
rheumatism, r., muscular, muscular pain with or
without fever and other rheumatic symptoms.
r., synovial, a rheumatic disorder of the synovial
membranes with serous accumulation, r., tuber-
culous, arthritis due to the toxins of tuberculosis;
Poncet's disease.

rheumatismal (roo-ma-tiz'-mal) [rheumatism]. Per-
taining to rheumatism, r. edema, rheumatism with
painful subcutaneous edema.

rheumatismoid (roo-mat-iz' -moid) . See rheumatoid.

rheumatismus (roo-ma-tiz'-mus). Rheumatism.

rheumato-, rheumo- (roo-mat-o-, roo-mo-) [rheuma-
tism]. Prefixes meaning relating to rheumatism.

rheumatocolica (roo-mat-o-koV -ik-ah) [rheumato- ;
colic]. Rheumatic colic.

rheumatodynia (roo-mat-o-din'-e-ah) [rheumato- ;
bbvvr), pain]. A dull rheumatic pain.

rheumatoid (roo'-ma-toid) [rheumato-; elSos, like].
Resembling rheumatism, r. arthritis. See arthritis,
rheumatoid.

rheumatokelis (roo-mat-o-ke'-lis) [rheumato-; ktjXw,
a spot]. Purpura occurring in conjunction with
rheumatism.

rheumatophthisis (roo-mat-of -this-is) [rheumato- ;
phthisis]. Atrophy the result of rheumatism.

rheumatopyra (roo-mat-o-pi'-rah) [rheumato-; irvp,
fire]. Rheumatic fever.

rheumatosis (roo- mat-o'-sis) [rheum]. The condition
due to the action of poisons in the blood affecting the
articular and endocardial parts.

rheumatospasm (roo-maJ'-o-s£azm) [rheumato- ;<rwa<r-
p.6%, a spasm]. Spasms due to rheumatism.

rheumic (roo'-mik) [rheum]. Pertaining to rheum.
r. diathesis, one that gives rise to cutaneous erup-
tions.

rheumodontalgia (roo-mo-don-tal' -je-ah) [rheumo- ;
odontalgia]. Toothache of rheumatic origin.

rheumoparotiditis (roo-mo-par-o-tid-i'-tis). Rheu-
matic parotiditis.

rheumophthalmia (roo-moff-thaV -me-ah) [rheumo- ;
ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia due to rheumatism.

rheumorchitis (roo-mor-ki'-tis). Orchitis of rheu-
matic origin.

rheumotorrhea, rheumatorrhoea -(roo-mo-tor-e'-ah) .
Rheumatic otorrhea.

rheumotylus (roo-mo-til'-us) [rheumo-; riikos, a
knob]. A callus the result of rheumatism.

rhexis (reks'-is) [prjfa, rupture]. Rupture of a
vessel or of an organ.

rhicnosis (rik-no'-sis) [ptKvSs, shriveled]. A wrink-
ling of the skin, the result of muscular atrophy.

rhigolene (rig'-o-len) [plyos, cold]. A very volatile
liquid obtained from petroleum by distillation, and
used as a local anesthetic. Its rapid evaporation
freezes and benumbs the part upon which it is
sprayed.

rhigos (ri'-gos) [plyos, cold]. Synonym of rigor.

rhin-, rhino- (rin-, ri-no-) [pis, nose]. A prefix
signifying pertaining to the nose.

rhinaesthesia (ri-nes-the' -ze-ah) . See rhinesthesia.

rhinseus (ri-ne'-us) [rhin-]. Synonym of com-
pressor naris. See muscles, table of.

rhinal (ri'-nal) [rhin-]. Pertaining to the nose.

rhinalgia (ri-naV -je-ah) [rhin-; ahyos, pain]. Pain
in the nose.

rhinalgin (ri-nal'-jin). A nasal suppository,
recommended in coryza, said to contain cacao-
butter, 1 Gm.; alumnol, 0.01 Gm.; menthol, 0.025
Gm.; and oil of valerian, 0.025 Gm.

rhinanchone (ri-nan'-ko-ne) [rhin-; ayxbvt), strangu-
lation]. Painful constriction of the nasal passages.

rhinantralgia (ri-nan-traV -je-ah) [rhino-; avrpov, a
cavity; &X70J, pain]. Pain in the cavities of the nose.

rhinedema, rhincedema (ri-ne-de'-mah) [rhin-;
edema]. Edema affecting the nose.

RHINELCOS

762

RHINOPLASTY

rhinelcos (ri-nel'-kos) [rhin-; gXKos, an ulcer] A
nasal ulcer.

rhinencephalia (ri-nen-sef-a'-le-ah) [rhino-; eyick<f>-
aXoj, the brain]. A monstrosity with an extreme
elongation of the nose.

rhinencephalic (ri-nen-sef-al'-ik) [rhino-; iyK&j)aKos,
brain], i. Pertaining to or of the nature of a
rhinencephalus. 2. Pertaining to the rhinencepha-
lon.

rhinencephalon {ri-nen-sef -al-on) [rhin-; iyKe<t>a\os,
brain]. The olfactory lobe of the brain.

rhinencephalus (ri-nen-sef'-al-us). See rhino-
cephalus.

rhinenchysia (ri-nen-ki'-ze-ah) [rhino-; eyxvo-ts,
a pouring in]. Douching of the nasal passages.

rhinenchysis {ri-nen' -ki-sis) ' [rhin- ; iyx^lv, to pour
in]. The injection of liquid into the nasal cavities.

rhinenchyta {ri-nen' -kit-ah) [rhino-; eyxvros, poured
in]. _ A nasal syringe.

rhinenchytous {ri-nen' -kit-us) [rhino-; eyxvros,
poured in]. Pertaining to nasal injections.

rhinenchytum (ri-nen'-kit-um) [rhino-; iyxei-v,
to pour in]. A liquid used in nasal douching.

rhinesthesia, rhinaesthesia (ri-nes-the'-ze-ah) [rhin-;
alaOriais, sensation]. The sense of smell.

rhineurynter {ri-nil-rin'-ter) [rhin- ; evpweiv, to
dilate]. A distensible bag or sac which is inflated
after insertion into the nostril.

rhinhematoma, rhinhaematoma (rin-hem-at-o'-mah)
[rhin-; hematoma]. An effusion of blood into the
nasal cartilage.

rhiniatry (ri-ni'-at-re) [/Ms, the nose; tarpeia, a
medical treatment]. Synonym of rhinology.

rhinic {rin'-ik) [rhino-]. Pertaining to the nose.

rhinion (rin'-e-on) [pis, nose]. The lower point of
the suture between the nasal bones. See under
craniometric point.

rhinismus {ri-niz' -mus) [rhino-]. A nasal quality
of voice.

rhinitis {ri-ni'-tis) [rhin-; ins, inflammation].

1. Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane.

2. A medicinal preparation of belladonna, camphor,
and quinine, r., acute, coryza; cold in the head.
r., atrophic, that followed by atrophy of the mucous
membrane, r. caseosa, that marked by gelatinous
fetid discharge, r., chronic, a form usually due to
repeated attacks of acute rhinitis, and producing in
the early stages hypertrophy of the mucous mem-
brane {hypertrophic rhinitis) and in the later stages
atrophy {atrophic rhinitis), and the presence of dark,
offensively smelling crusts, r., fibrinous, a rare form
of rhinitis characterized by the development of a false
membrane in the nose, r., hypertrophic, that marked
by hypertrophy of the nasal mucous membrane.
r., pseudomembranous. Seer., fibrinous, r., syphil-
itic, a chronic form due to syphilis, and usually
attended by ulceration and caries of the bone and
an offensive discharge (ozena), r., tuberculous,
that due to the tubercle bacillus; it is usually asso-
ciated with ulceration and caries of the bones.
r., vasomotor, hay -fever.

rhino- {ri'-no-) [pis, plvos, nose]. A prefix denoting
relation to or connection with the nose.

rhinoantritis {ri-no-an-tri'-tis) [rhino-; antritis].
Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and
of the antrum of Highmore.

rhinoblennorrhea, rhinoblennorhcea {ri-no-blen-or-
e'-ah) [rhino-; blenorrhea]. Synonym of rhinorrhea.

rhinobyon {ri-no' -be-on) [rhino-; fiveiv, to stop].
A nasal plug or tampon.

rhinocace {ri-nok'-as-e) [rhino-; kckos, evil]. Fetid
ulceration of the nose.

rhinocanthectomy {ri-no-kan-thek' -to-me) . See
rhinommectomy.

rhinocarcinoma {ri-no-kar-sin-o'-mah) [rhino-; car-
cinoma]. Nasal carcinoma.

rhinocatarrhus {ri-no-kat-ar'-rus) [rhino-; catarrh].
Synonym of coryza.

rhinocaul {ri'-no-kawl) [rhino-; kclv\6s, a stalk].
The crus, peduncle, or support of the olfactory
bulb.

rhinocele, rhinoccele {ri'-no-sel), or rhinoccelia
{ri-no-se'-le-a) [rhino-; KoCKia, hollow]. The hollow,
or ventricle, of the rhinencephalon; in man it is very
small or quite obliterated.

rhinocephalus {ri-no-sef -al-us) [rhino-; Ke<t>a\ri,
head]. A monster in which the nose resembles a
tube and the eyes are fused below the nose.

rhinocheiloplasty {ri-no-ki' ' -lo-plas-te) [rhino-; cheil-
oplasty]. Plastic surgery of the nose and lip.

rhinocleisis {ri-no-kli'-sis) [rhino-; KXeZo-is, fasten-
ing]^ Nasal obstruction.

rhinocnesmus {ri-nok-nez'-mus) [rhino-; Kvijands,
an itching]. Itching of the nose.

rhinodacryolith {ri-no-dak' -re-o-lith) [rhino-; dacryo-
lith], A lacrimal stone in the nasal duct.

rhinoderma {ri-no-der'-mah). See keratosis pilaris.

rhinodynia {ri-no-din'-e-ah) [rhino-; bbvvq, pain].
Any pain in the nose.

rhinogramma {ri-no-gram'-ah) [rhino-; yp&fifta,
a line]. The nasal line.

rhinolalia {ri-no-la' -le-ah) [rhino-; XaXia, speech].
A nasal tone in the voice due to nasal defect. The
imperfect articulation may be due to undue closure
{rhinolalia clausa) or to undue patulousness {rhino-
lalia aperta) of the posterior nares.

rhinolaryngitis {ri-no-lar-in-ji'-tis). Simultaneous
inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and larynx.

rhinolaryngology {ri-no-lar-in-gol'-o-je): The sci-
ence of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of
the nose and larynx.

rhinolerema {ri-no-ler-e'-mah) [rhino-; \i)pr](ia,
silly talk]. Same as rhinoleresis.

rhinoleresis {ri-no-ler-e'-sis) [rhino-; \r)pr)<ns, folly].
Perverted olfactory sense.

rhinolethrum {ri-no-leth' -rum) [rhino-; 6Xe0pos,
destruction]. Destruction of the nose.

rhinolin {ri'-no-lin). A proprietary antiseptic and
analgesic substance.

rhinolith {ri'-no-lith) [rhino-; Xi'0os, a stone]. A
nasal calculus.

rhinolithiasis {ri-no-lith-i'-as-is) [rhino-; Xi'0os,
stone]. The formation and presence of nasal calculi.

rhinolite {ri' -no-lit). See rhinolith.

rhinologic {ri-no-loj'-ik) [rhinology]. Pertaining
to rhinology.

rhinologist {ri-nol'-o-jist) [rhinology], A specialist
in the treatment of diseases of the nose.

rhinology {ri-nol'-o-je) [rhino-; Xo-yos, science].
The science of the anatomy, functions, and diseases
of the nose.

rhinomanometer {ri-no-man-om'-et-er) [rhino-; man-
ometer]. A manometer used for measuring the amount
of nasal obstruction.

rhinometer {ri-nom' -et-er) [rhino-; yJtrpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for measuring the nose.

rhinomiosis {ri-no-mi-o' -sis) [rhino-; juefoxm, a
lessening]. Operative shortening of the nose.

rhinommectomy {ri-nom-ek' -to-me) [rhino-; fyna,
the eye; i/crow, a cutting out]. Excision of the
inner canthus of the eye.

rhinonecrosis {ri-no-ne-kro'-sis). Necrosis of the
nasal bones.

rhinopharyngeal {ri-no-far-in'-je-al). Pertaining-
to the nose and pharynx, or to the nasopharynx.

rhinopharyngitis {ri-no-far-in-ji'-tis) [rhino-; phar-
yngitis]. Inflammation of the nose and pharynx, or
of the nasopharynx.

rhinopharyngolith {ri-no-far-ing' -go-lith) [rhino- ;
pharynx; X£0os, a stone]. A nasopharyngeal calculus.

rhinopharynx {ri-no-far'-ingks). See nasopharynx.

rhinophonia {ri-no-fo'-ne-ah) [rhino-; <l>o)i>r), sound].
A nasal tone in speaking.

rhinophyma {ri-no- fi'-mah) [rhino-; 4>vy.a, tumor].
A form of acne rosacea of the nose characterized by a
marked hypertrophy of the blood-vessels and the
connective tissue, producing a lobulated appearance
of the nose. _

rhinoplastic {ri-no-plas'-tik) [rhino-; vkaaaeiv,
to mold]. Pertaining to or having the character of
rhinoplasty, r. operation, a surgical operation for
creating an artificial nose or reconstructing a nose
partially destroyed.

rhinoplasty {ri'-no-plas-te) [rhino-; irkaaaeiv, to
mold]. A plastic operation upon the nose, to replace
lost tissue, r., English, Syme's operation, in which
flaps are taken from the cheek, r., German, v.
Graefe's modification of the Tagliacotian rhinoplasty.
The entire operation is done at a single sitting.
r. of v. Graefe. Same as r., German, r., hetero-
plastic, rhinoplasty in which the tissues are removed
from some person other than the one operated upon.
r., Indian, an operation originating in India, in which
the flap is taken from the forehead, r., Italian.
Synonym of r., Tagliacotian. r., Langenbeck's, a
modification of the Indian method, in which the
periosteum is included in the frontal flap, r.,
osteoplastic, rhinoplasty with transplantation of a
cartilaginous flap to replace the septum nasi, r.,
periosteal. See r., Langenbeck's. r. of Post, a

RHINOPOLYP

763

RHUBARB

modified Tagliacotian rhinoplasty, in which the flap
is taken from the finger of the patient, r. of Syme,
English rhinoplasty, r., Tagliacotian, rhinoplasty as
performed by Tagliacozzi. The flap is taken from
the skin of the arm. r. of Wood. See Wood.

rhinopolyp, rhinopolypus (ri-no-poV -ip , -us) [rhino- ;
.polyp]. Polyp of the nose.

rhinoptia (ri-nop'-she-ah) [rhino-; 6-ktos, seen].
Internal strabismus.

rhinorrhagia (ri-nor-a'-je-ah) [rhino-; fayvwai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the nose.

rhinorrhaphy (ri-nor'-a-fe) [rhino-; pa<pri, suture].
Reduction of the tissue of the nose by section, and
by suturing the edges of the wound.

rhinorrhea, rhinorrhoea (ri-nor-e'-ah) [rhino-; jioia,
a flow]. A mucous discharge from the nose.

rhinosalpingitis (ri-no-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Simultane-
ous inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the
Eustachian tube.

rhinosclerin (ri-no-skle'-rin) [rhinosderoma]. A
preparation from cultures of Bacillus rhinoscleromatis ;
used in the treatment of rhinosderoma.

rhinosderoma (ri-no-skle-ro'-mah) [rhino-; aK\rjp6s,
hard; 6p.a, tumor]. A new growth of almost stony
hardness, affecting the anterior nares and adjacent
parts. The disease commences in the mucous
membrane of the anterior nares and adjoining skin,
the lesions consisting of flat, isolated, or coales-
cent nodules. It is thought to be due to Bacillus
rhin osclerom atis.

rhinoscope (ri'-no-skop) [rhino-; (ncoirelv, to ex-
amine]. An instrument for examination of the
cavities of the nose.

rhinoscopic (ri-no-skop'-ik) [rhino-; a-KoweTv, to
view]. Pertaining to the rhinoscope, or to rhinoscopy.

rhinoscopy (ri-nos'-ko-pe) [see rhinoscope]. Ex-
amination of the nasal fossa? by means of the rhino-
scope; that of the anterior nares is termed anterior
rhinoscopy; that of the posterior nares, posterior
rhinoscopy.

rhinosis (ri-no'-sis). Synonym of rhicnosis.

Rhinosporidium kinealyi. A neosporidium found
in India in tumors of the septum nasi.

rhinostegnosis (ri-no-steg-no'-sis) [rhino- ; orkyvoxris,
obstruction]. Nasal obstruction.

rhinothrix (ri' -no-thriks) [rhino-; 6pi£, a hair;
pi., rhinolriches]. A hair growing in the nostril; a
vibrissa.

rhinotomy (ri-not'-o-me) [rhino-; r6p.r\, a cutting].
Incision of the nose.

Rhipicephalus (ri-pis-ef -al-us) [pnrls, a fan; Ke<j>a\ri,
head]. A genus of ticks. R. shipleyi, the brown tick
of South Africa, the agent of transmission of Rhodesi-
an cattle disease.

rhiptasmus (rip-taz'-mus). Synonym of ballismus.

rhizagra (riz-a'-grah) [rhizo-; ay pa, seizure]. An
instrument for extracting the roots of teeth.

rhizo- (ri-zo-) [rhizome]. A prefix meaning root.

rhizodontropy (ri-zo-don'-tro-pe) [rhizo-; oSovs,
tooth; rpoir-h, turn, pivot]. The pivoting of an arti-
ficial crown upon the root of a tooth.

rhizodontrypy (ri-zo-don'-trip-e) [rhizo-; oSovs,
tooth; TpvwTj, hole]. Surgical puncture of the root
of a tooth.

rhizoid (ri'-zoid) [rhizo-; elSos, form], i. Like a
root. 2. Slender, root-like filaments, the organs of
attachment in many cryptogams. 3- A bacterial
plate culture of an irregular branched or root-like
character.

rhizoma (ri-zo' '-mah) [pi., rhizomata]. Same as
rhizome.

rhizome (ri'-zom) [pifa, root]. A subterranean
stem having roots at its nodes and a bud or shoot at
its apex.

rhizomelic (ri-zo-mel' -ik) [rhizo-; /xeXos, a limb].
Affecting or relating to the roots of members.

rhizomorphoid (ri-zo-mor'-foid) [rhizo-; pap<pr\,
form; elSos, like]. Having the form of a root.

rhizoneure (ri'-zo-nur) [rhizo-; vevpov, a nerve].
One of those cells that form nerve-roots.

rhizoneuron (ri-zo-nu'-ron) [see rhizoneure]. A
neuron the nerve-processes of which leave the spinal
cord through the anterior horn; a motor nerve-cell.

rhizonychia (ri-zo-nik'-e-ah) [rhizo-; 6vv£, the nail].
The root of the nail.

rhizonychium (ri-zo-nik'-e-um) [rhizo-; 6w£, the
nail]. The root of the nail.

rhizopod (ri'-zo-pod) [rhizo- ; irovs, foot]. A member
of the Rhizopoda, a subclass of protozoa or animal-
cules.

rhizotomy (ri-zot'-om-e) [rhizo-; rop.r\, a cutting].
Section of the posterior spinal nerve roots.

rhodalline (ro-daV -en) . See thiosinamine.

rhodanate (ro'-dan-dt). A sulphocyanate.

rhodeorrhetin (ro-de-or-re'-tin). Synonym of
convolvulin.

Rhodesian cattle disease. An African disease of
cattle transmitted by the brown tick, Rhipicephalus
shipleyi.

rhodium (ro'-de-um) [t>68ios, rosy]. A rare metal
(symbol, Rh; at. wt., 102.0) of the platinum group.
Its medicinal qualities are little known. See ele-
ments, table of:

rhodogenesis (ro-do-jen'-es-is) [poSos, rose; yewdv,
to produce]. The regeneration of visual purple which
has been bleached by light.

rhodophane (ro' -do-fan) [p65ov, rose; (pav-qs, appear-
ing]. A red pigment found in the retinal cones.

rhodophylaxis (ro-do-fil-aks'-is) [pbbov, rose; <pv\a%is,
a guarding]. The property possessed by the retinal
epithelium of producing rhodogenesis.

rhodopsin (ro-dop'-sin) [pbbov, rose; &\p, eye].
Visual purple; a retinal substance the color of which
is preserved by darkness, but bleached by daylight;
it is contained in the retinal rods.

rhceadine (re'-ad-in) [poias, a kind of poppy],
CHN06. A crystallizable alkaloid obtained from
Papaver rhceas.

rhoebdesis (reb-de'-sis) [poiP5r)<ns]. Absorption;
resorption.

rhois (ro-is') [L.]. Genitive of rhus, q. v.

rhombencephalon (rom-ben-sef'-al-on) [p6p.(ios, a
lozenge shaped figure; eyKe<pa\os, brain]. The met-
encephalon or hind-brain together with the my-
elencephalon or after-brain.

rhomboatloideus (rom-bo-at-loid'-e-us). See under
muscle.

rhombocele, rhombocoele (rom'-bo-sel). Same as
rhomboccelia.

rhomboccelia (rom-bo-se'-le-ah) [p6p.(ios, rhomb;
KOLkla, hollow]. The sinus rhomboidalis ; a dilatation
of the cavity of the spinal cord in the sacral region.

rhomboid (rom'-boid) [p6/i/3os, a rhomb; elSos,
resemblance]. Having a shape similar to that of a
rhomb, a quadrilateral figure with opposite sides
equal and parallel and oblique angles, r. body.
See r. fossa, r. fossa, the fourth ventricle of the
brain, r. ligament. See ligament, rhomboid, r.
muscle. See under muscle, r. sinus. See r. fossa.

rhomboideus (rom-boid'-e-us). See under muicle.

rhoncal (rong'-kal). Same as rhonchal.

rhonchal, rhonchial (rong'-kal, rong'-ke-al) [rhon-
chus]. Relating to or produced by a rhonchus, as
rhonchal fremitus.

rhonchus (rong'-kus) [poyxos, snore]. A rattling
sound produced in the throat or bronchial tubes
during respiration. See rale.

rhotacism (ro'-tas-izm) [pw, the Greek p, r]. The
use of the r sound in place of other speech-sounds;
the too strong utterance of the letter r.

rhubarb (roo'-barb) [p-nov, rhubarb]. The general
name for plants of the genus Rheum, of the order
Polygonacece. The official drug (rheum, U. S. P.;
rhei radix, B. P.) is the bark of Rheum officinale or
Rheum palmatum; it contains chrysophanic acid,
tannic acid (rheotannic acid), and several coloring
principles, and is used as a laxative, stomachic, and
astringent. Its chief uses are in dyspepsia with
constipation, in the diarrhea of children, and in the
beginning of bilious fevers. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-
2.0 Gm.). r., extract of (extractum rhei, U. S. P.,
B. P.). Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). r., fluid,
extract of (fluidextt actum rhei, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30
min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). r., infusion of (infusum rhei,
B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). r., pills of, com-
pound (pilules rhei composites, U. S. P.), pills of rhu-
barb and aloes. Dose 2-4 pills, r., powder of,
compound (pulvis rhei compositus, U. S. P., B. P.),
Gregory's powder. Dose J— 1 dr. (2-4 Gm.). r. and
soda, mixture of (mistura rhei et sodce, U. S. P.).
Dose §— 1 dr. (2-4 Gm.). r., syrup of (syrupus rhei,
U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). r., syrup of,
aromatic (syrupus rhei aromaticus, U. S. P.). Dose
1 dr. (4 Cc). Both the syrup and the aromatic
syrup are used chiefly for children, in the doses
given, r., tincture of (tinctura rhei, U. S. P., B. P.).
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). r., tincture of, aromatic (tinc-
tura rhei aromatica, U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4
Cc). r., wine of (vinum rhei, B. P.). Dose 1-4 dr.
(4-16 Cc).

RHUS

764

RIEGLER'S TEST

Rhus (rus) [gen., rhois]. [povs, sumac]. A genus of
shrubs or small trees of the order Anacardiacece. The
dried fruit of R. glabra, sumac, constitutes the Rhus
glabra of the U. S. P., and is used as an astringent in
inflammations of the mouth and throat, in the form of
a decoction or the official fluidextr actum rhois glabra.
R. toxicodendron, the poison-ivy, is a powerful irritant
and produces in susceptible persons a violent der-
matitis with vesicles and intense itching (ivy-
poisoning). The active agent seems to be an acid
called toxicodendric acid. In overdoses taken in-
ternally it acts as a narcotic poison. It has been
employed in chronic rheumatism and in incontinence
of urine. R. venenata, swamp-sumac, is also poisonous.

rhusin (roo'-sin). A precipitate from a tincture of
the root-bark of sumach, Rhus glabra; it is tonic,
astringent, and antiseptic. Dose i to 2 grains.

Rhynchota (rin-ko'-tah). An order of sucking
insects, including the Pediculidce and the Acanthiidce.

rhypophobia (ri-po-fo'-be-ah) [pviros, filth; faPelv,
to fear]. A morbid dread of filth.

rhyptic .(rip'-tik) [pvireiv, to cleanse]. Detergent;
cleansing; cathartic.

rhypus (rip'-us) [pvwos]. Dirt; sordes.

rhysema {rise' -mah) [pvarma]. Wrinkle.

rhythm (rithm) [pvdp:6s, rhythm]. Action or func-
tion recurring at regular intervals, r., gallop, a form
of heart action in which the cardiac sounds occur in
groups of three.

rhythmic (rith'-mik). Pertaining to or having the
quality of rhythm, r. segmentations, a term sug-
gested by Cannon for rhythmic localized contractions
occurring in the small intestine during digestion.

rhythmophone (rith'-mo-fon) [rhythm; <j>wvr), sound].
A form of microphone for studying the heart-beat
and pulse-beat.

rhytidosis (rit-id-o'-sis). A wrinkling. See also
rutidosis.

rib [AS., ribb). One of the 24 long, fiat, curved
bones forming the wall of the thorax, r.s, abdominal.
1. The floating ribs. 2. Ossifications of the inscrip-
tion^ tendineae. r.s, asternal, the false ribs, r.s,
cervical, rib-like processes extending ventrally from
the cervical vertebra?, r., false, one of the five lower
ribs not attached to the sternum directly, r., float-
ing, one of the last two ribs which have one end free.
r.s, short, the false ribs, r.s, sternal, the true ribs.
r., true, one of the seven upper ribs that are attached
to the sternum, r.s, vertebrochondral, the highest
three false ribs; they are united in front by their cos-
tal cartilages.

Ribble's bandage (ribl). The spica bandage for
the instep.

Ribes' bag (reb) [Camille Champetier de Ribes,
French obstetrician, 1848-]. A rubber bag used
to dilate the cervix uteri.

Ribes' ganglion (reb) [Francois Ribes, French phy-
sician, 1800-1864]. A small ganglion of the sym-
pathetic system situated on the anterior communi-
cating artery. .

ribesin (ri-be'-zin) [ribesium, currant]. The juice
of the black currant, Ribes nigrum, used for staining
microscopic sections.

rice (m). A plant, Oryza sativa, of the Gr amines.;
also its seed. Rice is used as a food, as a demulcent,
and, in the form of rice-water, as a drink in fevers.
r.-seed bodies, peculiar small, white bodies resem-
bling grains of rice, found in the so-called ganglia
occurring on tendons, r.-water evacuations, the
name given to the bowel discharges in cholera.

Richardson's method of auscultation (ritsh'-ard-
son) [Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson, English phy-
sician, 1828-1896]. The introduction into the esoph-
agus of an elastic bougie or tube connected with the
ear-pieces of a stethoscope. R.'s sign, a fillet applied
to the veins of the arm will not cause filling of the
veins on the distal side of the fillet if death be present.

Richet's bandage (re'-sha) [Didier Dominique Al-
fred Richet, French surgeon, 1816-1891]. A form of
plaster-of-Paris bandage to which a small amount of
gelatin has been added.

Richter's hernia (rik'-ter) [August Gottlieb Rich-
ter, German surgeon, 1742-1812]. Partial entero-
cele; strangulated enterocele in which only part of
the circumference of the gut is constricted; called also
Liltre's hernia.

Richter-Monro's line. See Monro's line.

ricin (ris'-in) [ricinus, castor oil]. A poisonous
proteid found in the castor-oil bean.

ricini oleum. Castor oil; see ricinus.

ricinin (ris'-in-in) [ricinus]. A poisonous crystal-
line substance obtained from castor-oil.

ricinism (ris'-in-izm). Poisoning from the seeds of
Ricinus communis; it is marked by hemorrhagic gas-
troenteritis and icterus.

ricinus (ris'-in-us) [L., "a tick," from the resem-
blance of the seed to that insect]. A plant or tree,
R. communis, or castor-oil plant, of the order Euphor-
biacece. ricini, oleum (U. S. P.), castor-oil, the fixed
oil expressed from the seeds of R. communis; it is
used as a cathartic in constipation, colic, and irrita-
tiv.e diarrheas. Dose i oz. (16 Cc).

rickets (rik'-ets). See rhachitis.

rickety (rik'-et-e) [rickets]. Affected with or dis-
torted by rickets.

Ricord's chancre (re-kor') [Philippe Ricord, French
surgeon, 1800-1889]. The parchment-like initial
lesion of syphilis. Syn., chancre parchemine.

rictus (rik'-tus) [L., from ringi, to gape]. A fissure
or cleft ; a gaping, as of the mouth. Risus sardonicus.
r. lupinus, cleft palate.

rider's bone. An osseous formation in the ad-
ductor muscles of the leg, from long-continued pres-
sure of the leg against the saddle, r.'s bursa, an en-
larged bursa, produced in the same way as the rider's
bone, r.'s leg, strain of the adductor muscles of the
thigh.

ridge (rij) [ME., rigge, the back of a man or beast].
An extended elevation or crest, r., genital, the germ-
ridge, in front of and internal to the Wolffian body,
from which the internal reproductive organs are de-
veloped, r., intervertebral, that on the vertebral end
of a rib dividing the articular surface into two por-
tions, r., maxillary, the dental crest; a ridge of vas-
cular fibrous tissue along the alveolar processes of
the fetus, r. oblique, a ridge on the grinding surface
of an upper molar tooth, r.s, occipital, the superior
and inferior curved lines of the occipital bone, r.s,
palatine, the central ridge together with the lateral
corrugations of the mucosa of the hard palate; they
are especially noticeable in the human fetus, r.,
temporal, that extending from the external angular
process of the frontal bone, across the frontal and
parietal bones, and terminating in the posterior root
of the zygomatic process.

ridgel (rij' -el) [origin uncertain]. A male animal
having one testicle removed or wanting.

ridgeling (rij' -ling). See ridgel.

riding of bones. In surgery, the displacement of
the fractured ends of bones which are forced past
each other by muscular contraction, instead of re-
maining end to end.

Ridley's sinus [Humphrey Ridley, English anato-
mist, 1653-1708]. The circular sinus.

Riedel's process, or lobe (re' -del) [Bernhard Moritz
Carl Ludwig Riedel, German surgeon, 1846- ]. A
tongue-shaped process of the liver extending down-
ward, and frequently felt over the enlarged gall-
bladder in cases of cholelithiasis.

Riegel's pulse (re'-gel) [Franz Riegel, German
physician, 1843-1904]. A pulse which becomes
smaller during expiration. R.'s syndrome, Riegel's
disease; the association of tachycardia with troubles
simulating asthma.

Riegler's test for albumin. 1. Calcium naphthol-
sulphonate, 8; citric acid, 8; dissolve in distilled water,
200; 10 Cc. of urine is mixed with 10 to 20 drops of
the reagent. Traces of albumin are indicated by a
turbidity; larger quantities by a precipitate. Quan-
titative determination may be made with an albumin-
ometer. 2. Ten Gm. betanaphthalinsulphonic acid
are well shaken with 200 Cc. water and filtered. A
turbidity or precipitate on adding 20 to 30 drops of
reagent to 5 to 6 Cc. of fluid indicates albumin. Sen-
sitiveness, 1 : 40,000. Albumoses and peptones react
in a similar manner, but the precipitate disappears on
warming and reappears on cooling. R.'s test for
albumoses and peptones, dissolve 5 Gm. paranitran-
ilin in 25 Cc. water and 6 Cc. concentrated sulphuric
acid; add 100 Cc. water, then a solution of sodium
nitrite 3 Gm. in 25 Cc. water, and make up to 500 Cc.
with water. Filter and preserve in the dark. Mix
10 Cc. reagent with 10 Cc. fluid to be tested, then add
30 drops 10% solution NaOH — if very small quanti-
ties of albumoses or peptones are present, a yellowish
orange color develops; with notable quantities a
blood-red, even the froth on shaking being red. On
now adding excess of H2SO4 an orange or brownish
precipitate forms. R.'s test for aldehydes and glu-
cose, heat 0.1 Gm. phenylhydrazin hydrochloride,

RIEUX'S HERNIA

765

RISORIUS

0.5 Gm. crystal sodium acetate, and i Cc. sugar so-
lution until dissolved. When near boiling-point add
20 to 30 drops 10% NaOH without shaking — in a few
seconds to 5 minutes liquid becomes violet-red, even
if there is but 0.005% sugar present. If no sugar
present, color will be a slight pink. For sugar in
urine, color must develop within one minute to afford
physiological significance. Reaction also occurs with
aldehydes, hence absence of these must be assured.
According to Jolles, absence of albumin must also be
assured. Reaction uninfluenced by uric acid or
creatinin. R.'s test for bile-pigments, on adding an
excess of paradiazonitranilin solution to an alkaline
solution of bilirubin or biliverdin, intensely colored
reddish- violet flocks are precipitated, soluble in chlor-
oform, alcohol, or benzine, and affording reddish-violet
or violet solution. R.'s test for nitrites, 15 Cc. of the
fluid to be examined is mixed in a test-tube with 0.02
to 0.03 Gm. of the naphthol reagent (equal parts
naphthionic acid and pure betanaphthol) and 2 or 3
drops concentrated HC1, shaken, and 1 Cc. strong
NH3 poured down the side of the tube, while held in a
slanting position; presence of nitrites is indicated by
appearance of a red zone, and on shaking the whole
solution turns red. R.'s test for uric acid, parani-
tranilin, 0.5 Gm.; water, 10 Cc; pure concentrated
H2SO4, 15 drops. Put into a glass flask of 150 Cc.
capacity, and heat with agitation until dissolved.
Water 20 Cc. is now added, the mixture cooled quick-
ly. 2.5% NaN02 solution 10 Cc. is added, and diluted,
after 15 minutes, with water 60 Cc. The mixture is
shaken up repeatedly and filtered. The formation of
a blue or green color on adding the reagent and 10%
NaOH solution indicates presence of uric acid.

Rieux's hernia (re-oo). Retrocecal hernia.

Riga's disease (re'-gah). Papillomatous ulcer-
ation of the frenum of the tongue, covered with a
whitish, diphtheroid exudate.

Rigal's suture (re-gal') [Joseph Jean Antoine Rigal,
French surgeon, 1797-1865]. Twisted rubber suture
for harelip operations.

Riggs's disease [John M. Riggs, American dentist,
1810-1885). Pyorrhoea alveolaris. See Fauchard's
disease.

right (rlt). Belonging to or located upon that side
which, with mammals contains less of the heart and
is on the east when the face is toward the north;
dextral. r.-brained, having the speech-center in
the right instead of the left hemisphere, r.-eared,
preferring the dextral ear as the one with which to
hear sounds, r.-eyed, preferring the dextral eye as
the dominant one. r.-eyedness, dextrocularity, the
condition of using the right eye with more expertness
and correctness than the left, r.-footed, choosing
the dextral foot as the one to guide and base action,
from which to spring in beginning to march, in spad-
ing, etc. r. hand, see dexter, r.-handed, using the
right hand with more freedom and effect than the
left; preferring the right hand for the more expert or
intellectual tasks, r. -handedness, the condition of
being right-handed.

rigid (rij'-id) [rigidus, stiff]. Stiff, hard. r. os,
see rigidity, anatomical.

rigiditas (rij-id'-it-as) [L.]. Stiffness; rigidity, r.
articulorum, spurious ankylosis, r. cadaverica, rigor
mortis.

rigidity (rij-id'-it-e) [rigidus, stiff]. Stiffness; in-
flexibility; immobility; tonic contraction of muscles.
r., anatomical (of the cervix uteri), rigidity in which the
cervix, though neither edematous nor tender, is not
wholly effaced in labor, but retains its length and di-
lates only to a certain extent, beyond which the con-
tractions of the uterus are without effect, r., cada-
veric, rigor mortis, r., cerebellar, rigidity of the
spinal muscles, due to tumor of the middle lobe of
the cerebellum. The head is drawn backward, the
spine curved, and the arms and legs made rigid, r.,
hemiplegic, spastic rigidity of the paralyzed limbs
in hemiplegia, r., muscular, see Thomsen's disease.
r., pathological (of the cervix uteri), rigidity due to or-
ganic disease or cicatricial contraction, r., post-
mortem, rigor mortis, r., spasmodic (of the cervix
uteri), rigidity due to spasmodic contraction of the
cervix.

rigor (ri'-gor) [rigor, from rigere, to be cold]. Chill.
r. mortis, the muscular rigidity that occurs a short
time after death, due to chemical changes resulting in
coagulation of the muscle-plasma and the develop-
ment of an acid reaction, r. nervorum, tetanus.

rima (ri'-mah) (L., pi., rimer.]. A chink or cleft.

r. glottidis, the cleft between the true vocal bands;
the glottis, r. laryngis, see r. glottidis. r. oris, the
line formed by the junction of the lips. r. palpe-
brarum, the palpebral fissure, r. pudendi, the fissure
between the labia majora. r. respiratoria, the space
back of the arytenoid cartilages, r. vocalis, see r.
glottidis.

Rimini's test for formaldehyde (re'-min-e). Add
to the suspected fluid 3 drops of a dilute solution of
phenolhydrazine hydrochloride and then 3 drops of
a five per cent, aqueous solution of sodium nitroprus-
side; then an excess of a saturated aqueous solution
of sodium hydroxide; then warm. An intense blue
color, gradually changing to green and then to ashy
gray follows in the presence of formaldehyde even in
minute quantity.

rimose (ri'-mos) [rimosus, full of chinks]. In bio-
logy, full of crevices or furrows.

rimous (ri'-mus) [rima, a cleft]. Having cracks,
clefts, or fissures.

rimula (rim'-u-lah) [dim. of rima, a chink]. A
small cleft or fissure, especially of the spinal cord or
the cerebellum.

rinderpest (rin'-der-pest) [Ger., "cattle-pest"]. An
acute infectious disease of cattle, appearing occa-
sionally among sheep and other ruminants.

Rindfleisch's granule-cells (rint'-flish) [Georg
Eduard Rindfieisch, German physician 1 836-1908].
Eosinophile leukocytes with granulations.

ring [ME.]. A circular opening or the structure
surrounding it. See annulus. r., abdominal, see
abdominal, r.-bodies,' peculiar ring-shaped bodies
found in the erythrocytes in pernicious anemia, leuke-
mia, and lead-poisoning, r., contraction, see Bandl.

ringed hair, a very rare form of canities, in which
the hairs are white or colored in rings or bands.

Ringer's solution (ring'-er). An artificial blood
serum, in two strengths: 1. sodium chloride, 7.500;
calcium chloride, 0.125; potassium chloride, 0.075;
sodium bicarbonate, 0.125; distilled water, 1000. 2.
Sodium chloride 9.00; calcium chloride, 0.24; potas-
sium chloride, 0.42; sodium bicarbonate, 0.30; dis-
tilled water, 1000. Each of these solutions is to be
sterilized.

ringworm. Tinea trichophytina, a contagious dis-
ease of the skin due to a vegetable parasite, the tri-
chophyton. See tinea.

Rinmann's sign of early pregnancy. Slender cords
radiating from the nipple; they are considered to be
hypertrophic acini of the glands.

Rhine's test (rin'-na) [Friedrich Heinrich Rinne,
German otologist]. A test to determine the condi-
tion of the various parts of the ear, performed by ap-
plying a vibrating tuning-fork first over the mastoid
process, leaving it there until the patient seems no
longer to hear the sound, and then as quickly as pos-
sible bringing it immediately in front of the external
meatus, avoiding all contact with the head or ear. If
the patient is then able to hear the sound of the tun-
ing-fork once more, it indicates that the conduction
through the air is better than through the bone.

rinolite (ri' -no-lit). See rhinolith.

Riolan's arch (re-ol-on(g)) [Jean Riolan, French
physician, 1580-1657]- The arch of the mesentery
which is attached to the transverse mesocolon. R.'s
bouquet, the muscular bundle attached to the styloid
process and composed of the styloglossus, stylohyoid,
and stylopharyngeus. R.'s muscle, the ciliary portion
of the orbicularis palpebrarum. R.'s ossicles, small
bones sometimes found in the suture between the
inferior border of the occipital bone and the mastoid
portion of the temporal bone.

ripa (ri'-pah) [ripa, a bank]. The line formed by
the reflection of the endyma upon any plexus or tela
of the brain.

Ripault's sign (re-po') [Louis Henri Antonin Ri-
pault, French physician, 1807-1856]. A change in
the shape of the pupil on pressure upon the eye, tran-
sitory during life, but permanent after death.

ripe (rip). Mature, completed.

ripples (rip' -els). Scotch vernacular term for loco-
motor ataxia.

risiccol (riz'-ik-ol). A preparation containing
chiefly castor oil and magnesia.

risidontrophy (riz-id-on' -tro-fe) [pl$a, a root]. The
operation of drilling the root of a tooth.

risipola lombarda (riz-ip-o'-lah lom-bar'-dah) . Syn-
onym of pellagra.

risorius (ri-so'-re-us) [rider e, to laugh]. Laughing.
r. muscle. See under muscle.

RISTIN

766

ROENTGENIZATION

ristin. The monobenzoic acid ester of ethylene
glycoll; it has been recommended in scabies.

risus (ri'-sus) [L.]. A grin or laugh. ' r. caninus,
see r. sardonicus. r. sardonicus, the sardonic grin, a
peculiar grinning distortion of the face produced by
spasm of the muscles about the mouth, seen in tetanus.

Ritgen's method [Ferdinand August Marie Franz
Ritgen, German physician, 1787-1867]. A method
of manual delivery of the fetal head. It consists in
lifting the head upward and forward through the
vulva, between the pains, by pressure made with the
tip of the fingers upon the perineum behind the anus
close to the extremity of the coccyx.

Ritter's disease (rit'-er) [Gottfried Rilter von
Rittersheim, German physician, 1820-1883]. Derm-
atitis exfoliativa of the newborn. R.'s fiber, a
delicate fiber regarded as a nerve-fiber, seen in
the axis of a retinal rod, near the peripheral end
of which it forms a small enlargement. R.'s law
of contraction, stimulation of a nerve occurs both
at the moment of closing and of opening of the
electric current. R.'s tetanus, tetanic contractions
occurring on the opening of the constant current
which has been made to pass for some time through a
long section of a nerve. In man the phenomenon
does not occur under physiologic conditions, but it is
seen in tetany.

Ritter-Rollet's phenomenon.' Flexion of the foot
following the application of a mild galvanic current,
and extension following that of a strong current.

Ritter-Valli's law. Section of a living nerve is fol-
lowed by a gradual loss of irritability, preceded by a
slight increase, the phenomenon taking place cen-
trifugally from the divided end.

Rivallie's paste. A caustic made by adding con-
centrated nitric acid to lint.

rivalry (ri'-val-re) [rivales, near neighbors who used
the same brook]. A struggle for supremacy, r. of
colors, a rivalry of the visual fields of the two eyes, a
different color being presented to each. r. of con-
tours, a rivalry of the contours of two objects, one of
which is presented to each eye, when they overlap
in the binocular field of vision, r., retinal, see r„
strife, r., strife, the alternate mastery of one or the
other sensation, color, contour, etc., in the eyes when
the fields of vision of the two eyes are incapable of
being combined into one image, r. of visual fields,
see r., strife.

Rivalta's test (re-val'-tah) [Sebastiano Rivalta, Ital-
ian veterinary surgeon]. For differentiating exudate
from transudate: A drop of the fluid is allowed to fall
into a solution of acetic acid (2 drops of glacial acetic
acid to 100 Cc. of distilled water). If the drop sinks
and leaves a turbidity the fluid is an exudate.

Riverius' draft (rev-e'-re-us) [Lazarus Riverius,
French physician, 1589-1655]. A solution of sodium
citrate.

Rivinian canals, R. ducts [Augustus Quirinus Riv-
inus, German anatomist, 1652-1723]. The ducts of
the sublingual gland. R. foramen. See Bochdalek's
Canal. R. glands, the sublingual glands. R. lig-
ament. See Shrapnell's membrane. R. notch, R.
segment, a notch of irregular outline at the upper
border of the sulcus tympanicus; it is marked at each
end by a small spine.

Rivolta's disease. Actinomycosis.

rivulose (riv'-u-los) [rivulus, a small stream]. In
biology, marked with small sinuate lines.

rixolin (riks'-ol-in). A mixture of petroleum and
light oil of camphor.

riziform (riz'-if-orm). Resembling grains of rice.

rizine (ri'-zen). Rice that has been acted upon by
superheated steam.

R. M. A. An abbreviation for right mentoanterior
position of the fetus.

R. M. P. An abbreviation for right mentoposterior
position of the fetus.

R. N. Abbreviation for Registered Nurse.

R. O. A. An abbreviation for right occipitoanter-
ior position of the fetus.

roaring (ror'-ing). A disease of horses that causes
them to make a singular noise in breathing under ex-
ertion. The disease is due to paralysis and wasting
of certain laryngeal muscles, usually of the left side,
resulting in a narrowing of the glottis.

rob. A confection made -of fruit-juice, especially
of that of the mulberry.

Robert's pelvis (ro-bair') [Cesar Alphonse Robert,
French surgeon, 1801-1862]. The transversely con-
tracted or doubly synostotic pelvis; ankylosis of both

sacroiliac synchondroses, the sacrum being absent or
undeveloped.

Roberts' test for albumin [Sir William Roberts, Eng-
lish physician, 1 830-1 899]. Float the urine on the
surface of a saturated common salt solution contain-
ing 5% of hydrochloric acid, of specific gravity 1.052.
A white ring or zone formed between the two liquids
indicates albumin. Roberts suggests that a mixture
of 1 part strong nitric acid and 5 parts saturated mag-
nesium sulphate solution may be employed also. R.'s
test for glucose in urine, find the specific gravity of
the urine at a known temperature by means of a
urinometer supplied with a thermometer. Acidify
slightly with tartaric acid, and add a piece of yeast the
size of a pea, and shake. Let it stand in a warm
place (20°-25° C.) for .24 hours. Filter through a
dry filter and cool to the same temperature at which
the specific gravity was previously taken. Take the
specific gravity again. Every degree of density lost
represents 1 grain of glucose to the ounce of urine.

Robertson's pupil. See Argyll Robertson pupil.

robin (ro'-bin). A toxic albuminoid from the bark
of the locust tree, Robinia pseudacacia; its action is
similar to that of abrin and ricin.

Robin's myelopaxes (ro-ban') [Charles Philippe
Roban, French physician, 1821-1885]. Osteoclasts.

Robinson's circle (rob'-in-sun) [Byron Robinson,
American surgeon]. An arteiial anastomosis con-
sisting of the following arteries: uterine, ovarian,
abdominal aorta, common iliacs and internal iliacs.

Robinson's disease (rob'-in-sun) [Andrew Rose
Robinson, American dermatologist, 1845- ].
Hydrocystoma.

Robiquet's paste (rob-e-ka') [Pierre Jean Robiquet,
French physician, 1780-1840]. A caustic paste con-
sisting of equal parts of zinc chloride and flour with
gutta-percha. It is firm and tenacious.

robor (ro'-bor) [L.]. Strength.

roborant (ro'-bor-ant) [robor, strength]. 1. Tonic,
strengthening. 2. A tonic or strengthening remedy.

roborat (ro'-bor-at) [see roborant]. An albuminous
dietetic prepared from maize, containing lecithin and
glycerinophosphoric acid.

roborin (ro'-bor-in). A grayish-green powder or
brown mass, obtained from blood, and said to consist
of water, 7.6 %, calcium carbonate, 10.23%, common
salt, 1.7%. iron oxide, 0.49%, other mineral substan-
ces, 1.28%, albuminoids, 78.63%; the last are prin-
cipally calcic albuminates.

Robson's point (rob'-sun) [A. W. Mayo Robson,
English surgeon]. A point one-third of the way on a
line from the umbilicus to the right nipple; it is the
point of greatest tenderness in inflammation of the
gall bladder.

Roccella (rok-sel'-ah). A genus of plants of the
Roccellece. R. tinctoria is the litmus-plant.

Rochelle salt (ro-shel'). Potassium and sodium
tartrate. _

rock-oil. See petroleum.

Rocky mountain fever. A form of fever occurring
at high altitudes; mountain fever; and see Texas fever.

rod [ME.]. One of numerous slender bacillary
structures, as in the retina, r.-and-cone layer, r. and
cones, see under retina, r.-granules, cells of the outer
nuclear layer of the retina; they are characterized by
transverse striae and give off processes connected
with the nerve-fiber layer of the retina, r.'s, retinal,
cylindrical bodies found in the rods and cones of the
retina.

rodagen (rod' -ah- j en). A proprietary preparation
of the milk of thyroidectomized goats, for use in
exophthalmic goiter.

rodent ulcer. See ulcer, rodent.

rodostrophone (ro-dos'-tro-fon). An instrument for
transmitting articular sounds from the skull of one
person directly to that of another.

Rodriguez' aneurysm (rod-re' -ga). Varicose ane-
urysm in which the sac is immediately contiguous to
the artery.

Roederer's ecchymoses [Johanh Georg Roederer,
German obstetrician, 1727-1763]. See Bayard's ec-
chymoses. R.'s obliquity, flexion of the chin when the
child is engaged at the superior pelvic strait during
labor.

roentgenism (rent'-gen-izm) [Wilhelm Konrad
Roentgen, German physicist, 1845- ]. 1. The appli-
cation of the Roentgen-rays in therapeutics. 2. Dis-
ease or disability from misuse of the Roentgen rays.

roentgenization (rent-gen-iz-a'-shun) . Exposure or
subjection to the action of Roentgen rays.

ROENTGENOGRAM

767

ROSE'S OPERATION

roentgenogram {rent-gen' -o-gr am). A Roentgen-
ray photograph; a skiagram.

roentgenograph (rent-gen'-o-graf). To make a
roentgenogram.

roentgenography (rent-gen-og'-ra-fe). Same as
skiagraphy, q. v.

roetgenologist {rent-gen-ol'-o-jist). One who is ex-
pert in the diagnosis and treatment by the Roentgen
rays.

roentgenology (rent-gen-ol'-o-je) [Roentgen rays;
\6yos, treatise]. The study of the roentgen rays.

roentgenometry (rent-gen-om'-et-re). Measurement
of the penetrating power or of the quantity employed
of the Roentgen rays.

roentgenoscope (rent-gen' -o-skop). Same as fluoro-
scope, q. v.

roentgenoscopy (rent-gen-os'-ko-pe) [Roentgen rays;
vKoirelv, to view]. Examination of solid bodies by
means of Roentgen rays.

roentgenotherapy [Roentgen rays; depairela, treat-
ment]. The treatment of disease by means of the
Roentgen rays.

Roentgen-rays. See rays. Roentgen-.
roetheln. See rubella.

Roger's disease [Henri Louis Roger, French phy-
sician, 1811-1892]. The presence of a congenital ab-
normal communication between the ventricles of the
heart. R.'s symptom, subnormal temperature dur-
ing the third stage of tuberculous meningitis, regarded
by Roger as pathognomonic of the disease.

Rokitansky's disease (rok-it-an'-ske) [Carl Freiherr
von Rokitansky, Austrian pathologist, 1804-1878].
Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. R.'s pelvis, pelvic
deformity due to spondylolisthesis. R.'s tumor, an
ovarian tumor made up of a large number of cysts.
Rolandic (ro-lan' -dik) [Louis Rolando, Italian ana-
tomist, 1773-1831]. Described by Rolando, as the
rolandic fissure. R. angle, the acute angle formed by
the fissure of Rolando with the superior border of the
cerebral hemisphere. R. area, the excitomotor area
of the cerebral hemispheres, comprising the ascending
frontal and ascending parietal convolutions.

Rolando's arciform fibers [see Rolandic]. The ex-
ternal arcuate fibers of the oblongata. R.'s cells, the
ganglion-cells found in Rolando's gelatinous substance.
R.'s fissure, a fissure on the lateral aspect of the cere-
brum extending downward from near the longitu-
dinal fissure at about its middle point. It separates
the frontal from the parietal lobe. The central fissure.
R.'s funiculus, the lateral cuneate funiculus, a longi-
tudinal prominence caused by Rolando's gelatinous
substance on the surface of the oblongata, between
the cuneate funiculus and the line of roots of the
spinal accessory nerve. R.'s gelatinous substance,
the elongated column which forms a continuation of
the apices of the posterior horns of the spinal cord,
extending from the lumbar portion of the cord up-
ward into the pons. It consists of neuroglia and a
number of ganglion-cells. R.'s tubercle, a mass of
gray matter forming the upper termination of Ro-
lando's funiculus. The fibers given off from its cells
go to make up the sensory root of the trigeminus.

rolandometer (ro-land-om'-et-er). A device for lo-
cating on the head the place of the fissure of Rolando.
Roller's nucleus (rol'-er) [Christian Friedrich Wil-
helm Roller, German physician, 1802-1878]. 1. A
nucleus situated near the hilum of the olivary body of
the oblongata; it is connected with the fibers of the
anterolateral fundamental tract of the spinal cord.
2. An aggregation of small ganglion-cells situated
anteriorly to the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve.

roller-bandage. A bandage made into a cylindrical
roll.

Rollet's chancre. One partaking of the character-
istics of both simple and true chancre. R.'s nerve-
corpuscles, see Golgi's corpuscles. R.'s secondary
substance, see Engelmann's lateral disc.

Rollet's delomorphous- cells [Alexander Rollet, Aus-
trian physiologist, 1 834-1903]. Large, well defined
cells between the membrana propria and the chief cells
of the fundus glands of the gastric mucous membrane.
They are supposed to secrete the hydrochloric acid.
R.'s stroma, an insoluble, spongy network forming the
structure of an erythrocyte, within the interstices of
which is embedded the hemoglobin.

Roman-Delluc's test for urobilin in urine. Shake
100 Cc. urine with 20 Cc. chloroform, after acidu-
lating with 8 to 10 drops acetic acid. Overlay 2 Cc.
of clear chloroformic solution with 4 Cc. of 1 : 1000
solution zinc acetate in 95% alcohol. At the line of

separation a characteristic green fluorescence will ap-
pear if urobilin is present, more easily recognized
against a black background. On shaking, fluores-
cence is more marked and the mixture acquires a
pink tint.

romanoscope (ro-man'-o-skop). A speculum for
examining the sigmoid flexure.

Romberg's disease [Moritz Heinrich Romberg, Ger-
man physician, 1795-1873]. Progressive facial hemi-
atrophy. R.'s sign. 1. Swaying of the body and
inability to stand when the eyes are closed and the
feet placed together; it is seen in tabes dorsalis, heredi-
tary cerebellar ataxia, etc. It is also called the Brauch-
Romberg symptom. 2. Neuralgic pain in the course
and distribution of the obturator nerve, pathognom-
onic of obturator hernia. R.'s spasm, masticatory
spasm, a spasm affecting the muscles supplied by the
motor fibers of the fifth nerve. R.'s trophoneurosis,
see Romberg's disease.

Romershausen's eye- water (ro'-merz-how-zen). A
wash employed in chronic ophthalmic catarrh. It is
a mixture of fennel water and tincture of fennel.

Rommelaere's law [Guillaume A. V. Rommel-
aere, Belgian physician, 1836- ]. Constant dim-
inution of the nitrogen in the urine in cases of carcin-
oma. R.'s sign, diminution of the normal phos-
phates and sodium chloride in the urine is pathog-
nomonic of cancerous cachexia.

rongeur forceps (rong-zjur). A strong pair of
forceps for breaking off pieces of bone, especially in
enlarging a trephine opening.

roof-cell. A nerve-cell of the roof-nucleus.
roof-nucleus. A nucleus in the roof of the fourth
ventricle.

root. 1. The descending axis of a plant. 2.
The part of an organ embedded in the tissues, as
the root of a tooth, r.-arteries, the radicular vessels.
r. of a nerve, one of two bundles of nerve-fibers, the
anterior and posterior roots, joining to form a nerve-
trunk, r.-sheath, the epithelium of the hair-follicle.
r.-zone, a name given to the column of Burdach of
the spinal cord.

R. O. P. An abbreviation for right occipitoposte-
rior position of the fetus.

rophetic (ro-fet'-ik) [po<j>riTiK6s, given to sopping up].
A mechanical absorbent agent, as a dusting-powder,
sponge, etc.

rosa (ro'-zah) [L.]. A rose; see rose.
rosacea (ro-za'-se-ah). See acne rosacea.
x rosalia (ro-sa'-le-ah). 1. Scarlatina. 2. Measles.
3. Erythema.

rosanilin, rosaniline {ro-zan' -il-in) [rose; anilin],
C20H19N3O. A colorless, crystalline derivative of
aniline. It is used as the basis of various dyes. r.
acetate, r. hydrochloride, the red dye fuchsin.
rosary, rhachitic. See rhachitic rosary.
rose (roz) [p68ov, from Ar., ward, a rose]. A genus
of plants of the order Rosacea, r.s, attar of, see r.,
oil of. r. catarrh, see hay-fever, r.-cold, see hay-
fever, r., confection of (confectio rosa, U. S. P.), a
confection prepared from the petals of the red rose
(rosa gallica, U. S. P.). r., dog-, the common wild
rose of Europe. The fruit (rosa caninafructus, B. P.)
is used in Europe as a vehicle, r., fiuidextract of
(fluidextr actum rosa, U. S. P.), used as an astringent
and vehicle. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). r., honey of
(mel rosa, U. S. P.), a syrup made of fiuidextract of
rose and clarified honey. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc.) . r., oil of
(oleum rosa, U. S. P.), a volatile oil distilled from the
petals of Rosa damascena, and employed as a perfume
and flavoring agent. Syn., attar of roses, r. rash,
see roseola, r., red (rosa gallica, U. S. P.; rosa gal-
lica petala, B. P.), the dried petals are slightly astrin-
gent and tonic, but are chiefly employed as a vehicle.
r., syrup of (syrupus rosa, U. S. P.), a syrup made of
fiuidextract of rose, diluted sulphuric acid, sugar, and
water, r.-water (aqua rosa, U. S. P.). Dose 4 dr.
(16 Cc). r.-water, ointment of (unguentum aqua
rosa, U. S. P.), cold cream, r.-water, triple (aqua
rosafortior, U. S. P.), stronger rose-water.

Rose's biuret reaction for albumins. Alkalinize
the albumin solution with soda-lye and add, drop by
drop, with constant shaking, a dilute copper sulphate
solution (17 or 18 Gm. crystallized cupric sulphate in
1 liter of water). The solution will become rose-red,
then violet, and finally blue; the blue appears of a red-
dish tint when compared with a normal alkaline cop-
per solution.

Rose's operation (roz) [William Rose, English

ROSELLA

768

ROTTLERA

surgeon, 1847- ]. Removal of the Gasserian
ganglion, for the relief of trifacial neuralgia.

rosella (ro-sel'-ah). See rubella.

rosemary (roz'-ma-re) [rosmarinus, marine dew;
from ros, dew; marinus, marine]. The Rosmarinus
officinalis, a plant of the order Labiates, r., oil of
(oleum rosmarini, U. S. P.), a volatile oil used as a
stimulant and in rubefacient liniments. Dose 3-6
min. (0.2-0.3 Cc). r., spirit of (spiritus rosmarini,
B. P.), prepared from the oil and used as a perfume
and in liniments.

Rosen's liniment. A liniment composed of oil of
nutmeg, spirit of juniper, and oil of cloves.

Rosenbach's disease (ro'-zen-bakh) [Ottomar
Rosenbach, German physician, 1851-1907]. A nodu-
lar enlargement, painful to the touch, of the dorsal
aspect of the proximal ends/ of the last phalanges.
The affection is regarded as identical with Heberden's
nodes, r.'s modification of Gmelin's test for bile-
pigments, when the liquid has all been filtered
through a very small filter, apply to the inside of the
filter a drop of nitric acid containing only a very little
nitrous acid, when a pale yellow spot will form, sur-
rounded by colored rings, which are yellowish-red,
violet, blue, and green, r.'s sign. 1. Loss of the
abdominal reflex in inflammatory intestinal diseases.
2. Tremor of the eyelids when the patient is asked to
close them, often associated with insufficient closure
of the lids. It is seen in neurasthenia. 3. Tremor
of the upper lids in exophthalmic goitre when the
eyes are gently closed. R.'s syndrome, a variety of
paroxysmal tachycardia consisting in the association
of cardiac, respiratory, and gastric troubles. R.'s test
for indirubin, boil the liquid with nitric acid, and
indigo-blue will be formed from indirubin.

Rosenbach-Semon's law. See Semon's law.

Rosenberg's method. By requiring the patient to
read aloud a difficult passage, the production of the
knee-jerk is facilitated.

Rosenheim's sign (ro'-zen-him). A friction-sound
heard on auscultation over the left hypochondrium
in fibrous perigastritis.

Rosenmueller's fossa (ro' ' -zen-mu-ler) [Johann
Christian Rosenmueller, German anatomist, 177 1-
1820]. A depression behind the pharyngeal orifice
of the Eustachian tube, frequently the seat of morbid
growths. R.'s gland. 1. The palpebral portion of
the lacrimal gland. 2. The largest of the group of
deep subinguinal glands in the crural ring. R.'s or-
gan, the parovarium, a vestige of the Wolffian body
and duct. R.'s valve, a semilunar fold of the mucous
membrane seen occasionally in the lacrimal duct above
its junction with the lacrimal sac.

Rosenthal's canal (ro'-zen-tahl) [Friedrich Christian
Rosenthal, German anatomist, 1780-1829; Isidor
Rosenthal, German physiologist, 1836- ]. The spi-
ral canal of the modiolus, r.'s hyperacid vomiting,
the vomiting of very acid material, indicative of ex-,
aggerated secretion of HC1 in the gastric juice; Ross-
bach's disease. R.'s sign, the application of a strong
faradic current to the sides of the vertebral column
causes burning and stabbing pains in cases of spon-
dylitis. R.'s vein, the basilar vein, a branch of Ga-
len's vein.

roseola (ro-ze'-o-lah) [roseus, rosy]. 1. Rose-rash, a
name given to any rose-colored eruption. 2. Syn-
onym of rubella, r. cholerica, an eruption some-
times appearing in cholera, r., syphilitica, an erup-
tion of rose-colored spots appearing early in secondary
syphilis, r. typhosa, the eruption of typhoid or ty-
phus fever, r. vaccinia, a general rose-colored erup-
tion sometimes occurring during vaccinia.

roseoles a verre bleu. Faint syphilides discovered
by means of cobalt-blue glasses worn close to the eyes,
before they are revealed to the naked eye.

roseolous (ro-ze'-o-lus) [roseus, rosy]. Having the
character of roseola.

Roser's position. With head dependent over the
end of the table.

Roser-Braun's sign. Absence of pulsations of the
dura in cases of cerebral abscess, tumors, etc.

Roser-Nelaton's line. See Nelaton's line.

roset, rosette (ro-zet'). 1. See karyokinesis. 2. A
congery of cells from the neuroepithelial layer of the
retina described by Wintersteiner as a characteristic
of glioma of the retina. They correspond to the ex-
ternal limiting membrane of the retina, with rudi-
mentary rods and cones projecting into the central
cavity.

rosin (roz'-in). The residue left after distilling off

the volatile oil from turpentine. See also resina. r.
cerate (ceratum resina, U. S. P.), a mixture of rosin,
yellow wax, and lard. r. cerate, compound (ceratum
resincz compositum, U. S. P.), a mixture of rosin, yel-
low wax, prepared suet, turpentine, and linseed-
oil.

Rosin's test for indigo-red. Render the liquid
alkaline with sodium carbonate and extract with
ether, which is colored red by the indirubin.

rosinol (roz'-in-ol). See retinol.

rosin-weed, Compass plant. The plant Silphium
laciniatum secretes an oleo-resin commonly used as a
chewing-gum. Tonic, alterative, and emetic. Dose
of fld.ext. 3 ss-j.

rosmarinus (roz-ma-ri'-nus). See rosemary.

rosolene (roz'-o-len) [rosin, a variation of resin;
oleum, oil]. The oily distillate of colophony.

rosolic acid (ro-zoV-ik), C20H16O3. A substance
used as a test for acids and alkalies : acids decolorize it;
with alkalies it gives a red color.

Ross, cycle of. That phase of development of
Plasmodium malar ice which occurs in the mosquito.
See Golgi, cycle of.

Ross's in vitro method. A method of studying,
under the microscope, reproduction and other phe-
nomena in living cells on glass slides covered with
nutrient jelly.

Rossbach's disease (ros'-bahk) [Michael Joseph
Rossbach, German physician, 1842-1894]. Gas-
troxynsis; a neurosis of the stomach attended with
paroxysmal hypersecretion.

Rossell's test for blood in the stools (ros-eV) [Otto
Rossell, Swiss physician]. To an ethereal extract of
the feces are added oil of turpentine and solution of
aloin. In the presence of blood the mixture assumes
a red color.

rostellum (ros-teV -um) [dim. of rostrum]. A little
beak, especially the hook-bearing portion of the head
of certain worms.

rostral (ros'-tral) [rostrum, beak], 1. Pertaining to
or resembling a rostrum. 2. See cephalic.

rostrate (ros'-trat) [rostrum]. Furnished with a
beak or beak-like process.

rostriform (ros'-trif-orm) [rostrum, beak; forma,
form]. Shaped like a rostrum.

rostrum (ros'-trum) [L.]. A beak; a projection or
ridge, r. corporis callosi, the anterior tapering por-
tion of the corpus callosum. r. sphenoidale, the
vertical ridge on the inferior aspect of the body of the
sphenoid bone, which is received in the upper grooved
border of the vomer. Syn., beak of the sphenoid.

rot 1. To suffer putrefactive fermentation. 2.
Decay; decomposition. 3. A disease of sheep, r.
potato-. See mildew.

rotary (ro'-ta-re) [rotation]. Producing or char-
acterized by rotation, r. joint, a pivot joint.

rotate (ro'-tat) [rotare, to revolve]. Wheel-shaped.
In dentistry, the term implies the turning of a tooth
on its axis, r.-plane, in biology, wheel-shaped and
flat.

rotating (ro-ta'-ting) [rotare, to revolve]. Revol-
ving, r. devices, appliances, either single or double,
for correcting torsion of single-rooted teeth.

rotation (ro-ta'-shun) [rotare, to turn, from rota, a
wheel]. 1. The act of turning about an axis passing
through the center of a body, as rotation of the eye,
rotation of the arm. 2. In dentistry, the operation
by which a tooth is turned or twisted into its normal
position, r. joint, a lateral ginglymus. r.-stage of
labor, one of the stages of labor consisting in a rota-
tory movement of. the fetal head or other presenting
part, whereby it is accommodated to the birth-canal.
It may be internal, occurring before the birth of the
presenting part, or external occurring afterward, r.j
wheel, of Helmholtz, the tilting of the vertical mer-
idians of the eye.

rotator (ro-ta'-tor) [see rotation]. Anything, es-
pecially a muscle, that produces rotation.

Rotch's sign [Thomas Morgan Rotch, American
physician, 1848- ]. Dulness on percussion in the
right fifth intercostal space in pericardial effusion.

Roth's disease, R.'s symptom-complex. "Mer-
algia paraesthetica." See Bernhardt' s paresthesia.
R.'s spots, white spots resembling those of albumin-
uric retinitis, seen in the region of the optic disc and
the macula in cases of septic retinitis. R.'s vas aber-
rans, an inconstant diverticulum of the middle por-
tion of the rete testis.

rotheln (ret'-eln). See rubella.

rottlera (rot-le'-rah). See kamala.

ROTTLERIN

769

RUGA

rottlerin (rot'-ler-in), C22H20O6. A bitter principle
from kamala; used as an anthelmintic.

rotula (rot'-u-lah) [dim. of rota, a wheel]. 1. The
patella. 2. A troche or lozenge.

rotulad (rot'-u-lad) [rotula; ad, towards]. Toward
the patella.

rotular (rot'-u-lar) [rotula, a little wheel]. Of or
pertaining to the patella, e. g., the patellar aspect of a
limb ; opposed to popliteal.

Rouge*s operation (roozj) (for access to the nasal
cavities). The upper lip is freed from the jaw by an
incision through the mucous membrane; the carti-
laginous septum and lower lateral cartilages are then
detached so that the nose and lips can be raised to the
necessary extent.

Rouget's bulb, (roo-zja') [Antoine D. Rouget,
French physiologist]. The bulb of the ovary, a plexus
of veins lying on the surface of the ovary and communi-
cating with the uterine and pampiniform plexuses.
R.'s motorial end-plates, small cellular elements con-
nected, within the sarcolemma, with the endings of
motor nerves. R.'s muscle, see Mueller's muscle (1).

Roughton's band. Collapse, from atrophy of the
tissues, of the zone corresponding to the junction of
the alae nasi with the lateral cartilages. The result-
ing contact of this zone with the septum causes ob-
struction during inspiration.

Rougnon-Heberden's disease (roon-yong'-heb'-er-
den) [Nicholas Francois Rougnon, French physician,
1727-1790; William Heberden, English physician,
1710-1801]. Angina pectoris .

rouleau (roo-lo) [Ft.; pi., rouleaux]. A roll, es-
pecially a roll of red blood-corpuscles, resembling a
roll of coins.

round ligament. 1. One of the ligaments of the
uterus passing through the inguinal canal. 2. One
of the ligaments of the liver lying in the longitudinal
fissure. 3. One of the ligaments of the hip-joint — lig-
amentum teres.

rounding (rown'-ding). A term given to that pro-
pensity manifested by certain hypochondriac indi-
viduals to run the round of all the free dispensaries in
a vicinity. Such patients are termed "rounders."

roundworm. The ascaris.

roup (roop). An infectious respiratory disease of
fowls.

Roussel's sign (roo'-sel). A sharp pain caused on
light percussion, in the subclavicular region between
the clavicle and the third or fourth rib, originating 3
to 4 cm. from the median line and extending to and
beyond the shoulder and the supraspinal fossa; it is
observed in incipient tuberculosis.

routinist (roo-te'-nist) [route, a beaten path]. A
physician who does not deviate in his treatment from
an unvarying routine.

Roux's serum (roo) [Pierre Paul Emile Roux,
French bacteriologist, 1853- ]. An antitetanic se-
rum. R.'s unit, one mil of an antitoxic (antitetanic)
serum should be sufficient to protect 1,000,000
grammes of guinea-pig against the minimum lethal
dose of tetanus toxin.

Roux's sign of suppurative appendicitis (roo).
On palpation the empty cecum presents a special soft
resistance comparable to that of a wet pasteboard
tube.

Rovighi's sign. Hydatid fremitus ; a thrill observed
on combined palpation and percussion in cases of
superficial hydatid cyst of the liver.

Rovsing's sign (Niels Thorkild Rovsing, Danish
surgeon, 1862- ]. Pressure on the descending colon
at a point corresponding to McBurney's point will,
in case of appendicitis, cause pain at McBurney's
point.

R. S. A. An abbreviation for right sacroanterior
position of the fetus.

R. S. P. An abbreviation for right sacroposterior
position of the fetus.

Ru. Chemical symbol for ruthenium.

rubber (rub'-er). The elastica of the U. S. P. The
prepared milk-juice of several species of Hevea. Syn.,
caoutchouc; India-rubber ; Para rubber, r.-dam, a
sheet of rubber used to confine the flow of secretions
or of discharges from a wound, r. tissue, gutta-per-
cha in sheets.

rubedo (roo-be'-do) [ruber, red]. Any diffused red-
ness of the skin.

rubefacient (roo-be-fa'-she-ent) [ruber; facer e, to
make]. 1. Causing redness of the skin. 2. An agent
that causes redness of the skin.

rubella (rco-bel'-ah) [dim. of rubeola]. An acute
26

contagious eruptive disease, of short duration and
mild character. After a period of incubation varying
from one to three weeks, the disease sets in abruptly
with pains in the limbs, sore throat, and slight fever.
The eruptions appear at the end of the first day, and
consists of red papules, and disappears usually with-
out desquamation in about three days. The disease
is associated with enlargement of the superficial cer-
vical and posterior auricular glands. Syn., epidemic
roseola; French measles; German measles; rotheln.

rubeola (roo-be'-o-lah) . See measles, r. notha, same
as rubella.

rubeolin (roo-be'-ol-in) [rubeola], A name given to
the specific toxin of measles.

rubescence (roo-bes'-ens) [rubescere, to become red].
Blushing; redness of countenance or complexion.

rubescent (roo-bes' -ent) [rubescere, to become red].
Growing red.

rubia (roo'-be-ah). The Rubia tinctorum or dyers'
madder, containing the coloring principles alizarin
(C14H8O4) and purpurin (CiiHsOs). It is used as a
dye.

rubidium (roo-bid' -e-um) [rubidus, red]. A rare al-
kaline metal, resembling potassium in physical and
chemical properties; its salts are used in medicine.
See elements, table of.

rubiginous (roo-bij'-in-us) [rubiginosus, rusty].
Rust-colored.

rubigo (roo-bi'-go) [L.]. Rust.

rubijervine (roo-bij-er'-vin) [rubeus, red; jerva, green
hellebore root]. C26H43NO2. An alkaloid of ver-
atrum album.

rubin (roo' -bin). Synonym of fuchsin.

Rubner's test for carbon monoxide in the blood
(roob'ner) [MaxRubner, German physiologist, 1854- ]•
Agitate the blood with 4 or 5 volumes of solution of lead
acetate for one minute. If the blood contains CO,
it will retain its bright color; if it does not, it will turn
chocolate-brown. R.'s test for glucose, add to the
liquid an excess of lead acetate; filter, and add to the
filtrate ammonium hydrate until no further precipi-
tate is produced. Warm gently, when the precipitate
formed will gradually become pink; this color de-
creases on standing.

rubor (roo'-bor) [L.]. Redness or discoloration due
to inflammation, r., regional, isolated spots which
become red, with elevation of temperature, observed
after local cyanosis.

rubrescin (roo-bres'-in). A combination of resor-
cinol, 50 Gm., and chloral hydrate, 25 Gm. It is
used in 1% solution as an indicator for alkalimetry
and acidimetry.

rubrin (roo'-brin). See hematin.

rubrol (roo'-brol). A solution used by injection in
gonorrhea, and said to consist of boric acid, thymol,
and a coal-tar derivative in water.

rubrospinal tract. Monakow's bundle.

rubrum (roo' -brum) [ruber, red]. The preferred
name for the nucleus ruber.

rubus (roo' -bus) [L.]. Blackberry. A genus of
plants of the order Rosacea. The rubus of the U. S.
P. is the dried bark of the rhizome of R. villosus, R.
nigrobaccus, and R. cuneifolius. It is used as an
astringent tonic in diarrhea. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-
2.0 Gm.). r., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum rubi
U. S. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). r., syrup of (syru-
pus rubi, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). The
fruit of R. idceus, the raspberry, is used to prepare
syrupus rubi idcei, which is used as a tonic.

nictation (ruk-ta'-shun). An eructation or belch-
ing of wind. *

ructus (ruk'-tus) [L.]. A belching of gas from the
stomach, r. hystericus, hysteric belching, the gas
escaping with a loud, sobbing, gurgling noise.

rudimentary (roo-dim-en'-ta-re) [rudimentum, a rudi-
ment]. Undeveloped; unfinished.

rudimentum [L.; pi., rudimenta]. A rudiment.

rue (roo) [pvrri, rue]. A plant, Ruta graveolens, of
the order Rutacea, yielding an oil (oleum ruta, B. P.)
which is a local irritant and has been employed in
amenorrhea and menorrhagia. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-
0.32 Cc).

Ruffini's end organs (roof-fe'-ne) [Angelo Ruffini,
Italian anatomist]. Small bodies found in the skin
where Pacinian corpuscles exist; they are made up of
the terminal arborizations of a nerve and a fibrous
framework.

Rufus's pills. Pills of aloes and myrrh.

ruga (roo'-gah) [L. ; pi., ruga,]. 1. A wrinkle, furrow,
crease, or ridge, as e. g., in the mucosa of the stomach.

RUGITUS

770

RYTIDOSIS

vagina, etc. 2. A fold of pia on the ental surface of
the piarachnoid. rugae, palatal, the elevations upon
the mucous covering of the hard palate; they assist
in speech and deglutition.

rugitus (roo-gi'-tus). See bombus.

rugose (roo'-gos) [ruga]. Characterized by folds.

rugosity (roo-gos'-it-e) [ruga], A condition of being
in folds.

rugous (roo'-gus) . See rugose.

Ruhmkorff's coil (room'-korf) [Heinrich Daniel
Ruhmkorff, German physicist, 1823-1887]. An in-
duction coil.

rum [abb. from ME. rumbooze, alcoholic liquor].
A spirit obtained from the molasses of the sugar-cane
by fermentation and distillation.

rumbling (rum'-bling). See borborygmus.

rum-blossom, a pimple on the nose caused by ex-
cessive drinking; rum-bud; acne rosacea, r.-bud, see
r.-blossom.

rumen (r 00' -men) [L.]. The first stomach of rumi-
nants, also Called the paunch, from which the food is
returned to the mouth for remastication.

rumenotomy (roo-men-ot'-o-me) [rumen, the gullet;
rkfiveiv, to cut]. Incision of the rumen or paunch of
an animal.

rumex (roo'-meks) [L.]. Yellow dock, a genus of
plants of the order Polygonacece. The root of R. cris-
pus is astringent and tonic, and has been employed
externally and internally in various diseases of the
skin. Dose of the extract 1 dr. (4 Cc).

rumicin (roo'-mis-in). Chrysophanic acid.

rumin (roo'-min) [rumex], A precipitate from a
tincture of the root of Rumex crispus. It is anti-
scorbutic, alterative and astringent.

rumination (roo-min-a'-shun). See merycism.

Rummo's disease {room' -mo) [Gaetano Rummo,
Italian physician]. Cardioptosis.

rump [Icel., rumpr]. The region near the end of
the backbone; the buttocks or nates.

Rumpel-Leede sign (room' -pel-la' -deh) [O. Rumpel,
C. Leede, German physicians]. A bandage is placed
half way up the arm, drawn tight enough to produce
a decided blue discoloration of the forearm, and left
in place from three to eight minutes; petechias then
appear on the anterior surface of the elbow joint. It
is observed in scarlet fever and other exanthemata.

Rumpf 's sign [Theodor Rumpf, German physician,
1851- ]. Fibrillary twitching of muscles in trau-
matic neurosis.

run. In pathology, to discharge pus or purulent
matter from a diseased part, r.-around, see parony-
chia.

Runeberg's type of pernicious anemia (roo'-na-
berg). [Johan Wilhelm Runeberg, Finnish physician,
1843- ]. A form of pernicious anemia with remis-
sions.

Runge's method (roon'-geh). A method of dressing
the umbilical cord. The stump is powdered with a
mixture of boric acid and starch, one part to
three.

rupia (roo'-pe-ah) [pviros, filth]. A form of eruption
occurring especially in tertiary syphilis, and charac-
terized by the formation of large, dirty-brown, strati-
fied, conic crusts.

rupial (roo'-pe-al) [rupia]. Resembling or char-
acterized by rupia.

rupophobia (roo-po-fo'-be-ah). See rhypophobia.

ruptio (rup'-she-o) [rumpere, to break]. Rupture
of a vessel or organ.

rupture (rup'-tur) [rumpere, to break]. 1. A for-
cible tearing of a part, as rupture of the uterus, rup-
ture of the bladder. 2. Hernia.

ruptured (rup'-turd) [rumpere, to break]. Burst;
affected with hernia.

Kusconi's anus (roos-ko'-ne) [Mauro Rusconi, Italian
biologist, 1776-1849]. The blastopore.

Russell's bodies [William Russell, Scotch phy-
sician]. Fuchsin bodies. Roundish colloid or hya-
line bodies, of varying size, found in a variety of con-
ditions, notably in carcinomatous growths and certain
morbid changes of the mucosa of the nose and stom-
ach.

Russian oil. A pure petroleum, odorless and
tasteless, and said to have been refined in Russia.

Russo's reaction (roos'-so) [Mario Russo, Italian
physician]. To 4 or 5 Cc. of the patient's urine add
four drops of a 0.1 per cent, aqueous solution of
methylene blue; mix well and examine against the
light; a mint or emerald green coloration is positive,
but a bluish tinge renders the test negative. The
reaction is said to be positive in typhoid, smallpox,
measles, and advanced tuberculosis.

rust [AS.]. 1. The oxide and hydroxide of iron
formed on the surface of iron exposed to the air. 2.
A disease common on cereals, causing rust-like masses
to break out on the tissues of the plant.

Rust's disease [Johann Nepomuk Rust, German
physician, 1775-1840]. Tuberculous spondylitis af-
fecting the first and second cervical vertebrae. R.'s
symptoms, at every change of position of the body a
patient suffering from caries or carcinoma of the upper
cervical vertebrae supports his head with the hand.

rusty (rus'-te) . Of the nature or appearance of rust.
r. expectoration, the common name for the usual form
of expectoration in croupous pneumonia, due to the
presence of a small amount of blood in the sputa.

rut (rut) [OF., "a roaring"]. 1. The state of con-
comitant menstruation and ovulation in the lower
animals. 2. The condition of a male animal in which
it is capable of inseminating.

ruta (roo'-tah). See rue.

ruta graveolens. Rue; the leaves are used as an
emmenagog.

ruthenium (roo-the'-ne-um) [Ruthenia, a province of
Russia]. A rare metal of the platinum group. Sym-
bol, Ru; atomic weight, 101.7. Little is known of
its medicainl properties. See elements, table of.

Rutherford's solution. A decalcifying and hard-
ening solution for tissue-specimens: chromic acid 1
grm., water 200 Cc; then add 2 Cc. nitric acid.

rutidosjs (roo-tid-o'-sis) [pvrls, a wrinkle]. A wrink-
ling; the contraction or puckering of the cornea that
just precedes death.

rutin (roo'-tin) [ruta, rue]. A crystalline neutral
substance obtained from the leaves of rue.

Ruysch's glomerulus (rish) [Fredericus Ruysch,
Dutch anatomist, 1638-1731]- See Malpighian tuft.
R.'s membrane, the middle or capillary layer of the
choroid. R.'s tube, a minute tubular cavity in the
nasal septum, opening by a small, round orifice a
little below and in front of the nasopalatine foramen.
It is best seen in the fetus, and represents the rudi-
mentary homologue of Jacobson's organ. R.'s uterine
muscle, the muscular tissue of the fundus uteri; it was
believed by Ruysch to act independently of the rest of
the uterine muscle.

rye (ri) [AS., ryge]. The plant Secale cereale and
its grain. The grain is used in the manufacture of
bread.

rye asthma, a form of hay-fever occurring at the
time of the flowering rye. r., ergot of, see ergot, r.,
spurred, same as ergot.

rypia (ri'-pe-ah). See rupia.

rytidosis corneae. See rutidosis.

S. I. The chemical symbol of sulphur. 2. An ab-
breviation in prescriptions, of signa, sign or label.
S. romanum, the sigmoid flexure of the colon.

s. Abbreviation of sinister, left; also of semis, half
(usually ss).

Sa. The chemical symbol of samarium.

sabadilla (sab-ad-il'-ah). Cevadilla; Schcenocaulon
officinale (Asagrcea officinalis), a plant of the order
Melanthacece, containing the alkaloids veratrine, saba-
dine, and sabadinine. It is an emetocathartic, and
was formerly used as a teniacide and to destroy ver-
min in the hair. Its chief value is as a source of
veratrine. It is official in the B. P.

sabadine (sab' -ad-en), C29H51NO8 (Merck). An
alkaloid from the seeds of Schcenocaulon officinale, oc-
curring in white, acicular crystals, soluble in water,
alcohol, and ether; melts at 240°C. It is sternuta-
tory.

sabal (sab'-al). Saw-palmetto. The sabal of the
U. S. P. is the partly dried ripe fruit of Serenoa ser-
rulata. A fluidextract has been recommended in in-
flammations of the genitourinary tract, atonic im-
potence, and in bronchitis and pulmonary tubercu-
losis. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

sabalol (sab'-al-ol). A substance prepared from
the active principles of the saw-palmetto (Serenoa
serrulata).

Sabbatia (sab-a'-she-ah) [after Liberatus Sabati, an
Italian botanist]. A genus of the order Gentianece.
S. angularis is the American centaury.

sabbattin (sab'-at-in). A glucoside obtained from
Sabbatia elliottii, quinine flower; it is antiperiodic and
antipyretic.

saber shin. Term applied to the anterior border
of the tibia, which has a sharp convex edge; found in
hereditary syphilis.

sabina (sa-bi'-nah). See savin.

sabromine (sab'-ro-men). Trade name of a prep-
aration of calcium, bromine and behenic acid; used
as bromides in general.

sabulous (sab'-u-lus) [sabulum, sand]. Gritty;
sandy.

sabulum conarii (sab'-u-lum ko-nar'-e-i) [L., sand
of the conarium]. A sandy substance contained in
the pineal gland.

saburra (sab-ur'-ah) [L., "coarse sand"]. Foulness
of the stomach or of the tongue or teeth; sordes.

saburral (sab-ur'-al) [saburra]. 1. Pertaining to or
affected with saburra. 2. Resembling or pertaining
to coarse sand.

sac (sak) [saccus, a bag]. The bag-like bulging or
covering of a natural cavity, hernia, cyst, or_ tumor.
s.s, air-, the air-cells of the lung, s., allantoic!, syn-
onym of allaniois. s., amniotic, the amnion, s.s,
auditory, the rudimentary organs of hearing of the
embryo of certain vertebrates, s., conjunctival, that
formed by reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva.
s., dental, see dental sac. s., dorsal, a recess between
the epiphysis cerebri and the roof of the third ven-
tricle. Syn., suprapineal recess, s., embryonic, the
sac -like stage of the embryo, which it presents early
in its development, just after the abdominal plates
have closed, s., endolymphatic, a sac of the dura
included in the aqueduct of the vestibule. _ See under
duct, endolymphatic, s. of the epididymis, the vis-
ceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covering the epi-
didymis, s., epiploic, see sac, omental, s., fetal. See
s., gestation-, s., gestation-, the sac inclosing the
embryo in ectopic pregnancy, s., hernial, the per-
itoneal covering of a hernia, s., lacrimal, the dilated
upper portion of the lacrimal duct, s., omental,
the sac formed between the ascending and descending
portions of the great omentum, s., pericardial, the
pericardium, s., peritoneal, the cavity formed by
the peritoneal serous membrane, s., pleural, the cav-
ity formed by the pleura, s. of the pulmonary veins,
the left auricle of the heart, s., serous, the closed
cavity formed by any serous membrane, s., tubotym-

panic, the diverticulum of the primitive gut forming
the tympanic cavity and the Eustachian tube, s.,
umbilical, the umbilical vesicle, s. of the venae
cava?, the right auricle of the heart, s., vitelline, the
sac inclosing the vitellus or yolk in the embryo.

saccade (sak-ahd') [F., saccade, pull, draw].
The involuntary jerk of deglutition.

saccaneurysma (sak-an-u-riz'-mah) [<xoxkos, bag;
evpweiv, to dilate]. A sacculated aneurysm.

saccate, saccated (sak'-at, sak'-a-ted) [saccus, a
sac]. Sac-shaped; contained in a sac; encysted.

saccharated (sak'-ar-a-ted) [saccharin]. Containing
sugar, s. ferrous carbonate (Jerri carbonas sacchara-
tus, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.).

saccharide (sak'-ar-id) [ookxo-pov, sugar]. A com-
pound of a base with sugar. A sucrate. See casein
saccharide.

saccharephidrosis (sak-ar-ef-id-ro'-sis) [aojcxapov,
sugar; e<£i5p&<ns, ephidrosis]. A form of hyperidrosis
characterized by the excretion of sugar in sweat.

saccharic (sak-ar'-ik). Pertaining to or obtained
from sugar.

sacchariferous (sak-ar-if'-er-us) [saccharum, sugar;
ferre, to bear]. Containing or producing sugar.

saccharification (sak-ar-if-ik-a'-shun) [saccharin ;
facer e, to make]. The act of converting into
sugar.

saccharimeter (sak-ar-im'-et-er) [saccharin; p.krpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for determining the
amount of sugar in solutions, either in the form of a
hydrometer, which indicates the strength in sugar
by the specific gravity of the solution; or of a polari-
meter, which indicates the strength in sugar by the
number of degrees of rotation of the plane of polariza-
tion, s. test, a solution of dextrose rotates the plane
of polarized light to the right.

saccharimetry (sak-ar-im'-et-re) [saccharum; p.krpov,
measure]. The operation or art of ascertaining the
amount or proportion of sugar in solution in any
liquid.

saccharin (sak'-ar-in) [aaxxapov, sugar], C7H5SO3N.
A crystalline substance nearly 280 times sweeter
than cane-sugar, and used as a substitute for the
latter in diabetes. It is also employed as an anti-
septic. Syn., benzoyl sulphonicimide ; glucusimide;
gluside ; orthosulphaminbenzoic anhydride ; saccharinol ;
saccharinose ; sycose; zuckerin. s.-sodium, a soluble
powder containing 90 % of saccharin; used as an
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) once or
twice daily, s. soluble. Same as sodium saccharin.

saccharine (sak'-ar-in) [saccharum]. Containing
sugar; sugary; as sweet as sugar.

saccharins (sak'-ar-ins). A name given to the
lactones of the saccharic acids.

saccharobacillus (sak-ar-o-bas-il'-us). See bacillus
pasteurianus, in table of bacteria.

saccharobiose (sak-ar-o-bi'-os). A disaccharid,
with the formula C12H22O11.

saccharogalactorrhea, saccharogalactorrhoea (sak-
ar-o-gal-ak-tor-e'-ah) [saccharum; ya\a, milk; pola, a
flow]. The excretion of an excess of sugar with the
milk.

saccharogen (sak'-ar-o-jen) [aaKxapov, sugar; -yewav,
to produce]. A material found in milk and con-
vertible into lactose. A glucoside.

saccharometer (sak-ar-om'-et-er). See sacchari-
meter.

Saccharomyces (sak-ar-o-mi'-sez) [saccharum ; hvkt^s,
a fungus]. A genus of unicellular vegetable organ-
isms, of which the yeast-plant is a common example.
S. albicans, same as Oidium albicans, the fungus of
thrush. S. cerevisiae, the ferment of beer-yeast.
S. granulomatosus, Sanfelice (1898) obtained from
granulomatous nodule of a pig. Inoculated in swine,
it produced similar lesions, but was not pathogenic
to other animals. S. lithogenes, Sanfelice (1895),
from a carcinomatous metastasis in an ox, the
primary tumor occurring in the liver. It killed white

SACCHAROMYCOSIS

772

SACROSPINAL

mice in 8 days after subcutaneous inoculation.
S. neoformans, Sanfelice (1895), isolated from fer-
menting grape-juice. It produced nodules in all
organs of guinea-pigs except brain, heart, and
suprarenals; death occurred in 20 to 30 days after
inoculation. He emphasized the similarity of the
organisms to the so-called coccidia of cancers. S.
niger, isolated from the tissue of a guinea-pig which
died of marasmus. It produced enlargement of
lymph-glands and suppuration at the point of inocu-
lation in guinea-pigs, rabbits, chickens, and dogs.
S. ruber, Demme (1891), a red, budding fungus
found in milk, which produced gastroenteritis in
children. Shown by Casagrandi (1897) to be patho-
genic for guinea-pigs, dogs, and mice when inoculated
subcutaneously or into the abdomen. S. septicus,
de Galtano, found in urinary sediment. An excep-
tionally virulent species producing fatal fibrinous
peritonitis and septicemia in guinea-pigs in 12 hours.
S. theobromse, the yeast causing the fermentation
in the curing of cacao. S. tumefaciens albus,
Foulerton, isolated from patients in cases of pharyn-
gitis.

saccharomycosis (sak-ar-o-mi-ko'-sis). A patho-
logical condition due to yeasts or saccharomyces,
s. hominis, a name given by Busse (1894) to pyemia
produced by a pathogenic yeast. Syn., saccharo-
mycosis subcutaneous tumefaciens, Curtis.

saccharorrhea, saccharorrhcea (sak-ar-or-e'-ah)
[acuixapop, sugar; pola, flow]. The secretion of sac-
charine fluid. Glycosuria, s. cutanea. See sacchare-
phidrosis. s. lactea. See saccharogalactorrhea. s.
pulmonalis, the exudation of sweetish sputa, s.
urinosa. See diabetes mellitus.

saccharoscope (sak'-ar-o-skop) [saccharum ; oKoirelv,
to view]. An instrument for determining and
registering the amount of sugar in the urine.

saccharose (sak'-ar-os) [saccharum]. 1. C12H22O11.
A crystalline carbohydrate, cane-sugar, occurring
in the juice of many plants, chiefly in sugar-cane,
in some varieties of maple, and in beet-root; it melts
at 1600 C; at i90°-200° C. it changes into a brown,
noncrystallizable mass called caramel, used in coloring
liquids. It is not directly fermentable, and does
not reduce alkaline copper solutions. 2. Any one
of a group of carbohydrates isomeric with cane-
sugar.

saccharosuria (sak-ar-o-su'-re-ah) [saccharose; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of saccharose in the urine.

saccharum (sak'-ar-um) [aaKxapov, sugar], C12H22O11,
sugar. The sugar of the pharmacopeia {saccharum,
U. S. P. ; saccharum purificatum, B. P.) is the refined
sugar obtained from s. officinarum and from various
species of sorghum. See saccharose (1). s. album,
white or pure crystallized sugar, s. canadense,
maple-sugar, obtained from Acer saccharinum.
s. candidum, rock-candy, s. lactis, sugar of milk,
s. purificatum, pure white sugar.

saccharure (sak'-ar-ur) [saccharum]. A prepara-
tion obtained by saturating sugar with a tincture,
then drying, and pulverizing.

sacchorrhea, sacchorrhcea (sak-or-e'-ah) [sac-
charum; pelv, to flow]. Glycosuria.

sacchulose (sak'-ii-lds). A product resulting
from the treatment of sawdust with a weak solution
of sulphurous acid under a pressure of about 100 lb.
to the square inch (Classen Process). It has been
proposed as a food stuff.

sacciform (sak'-sif-orm) [sac; forma, form]. Re-
sembling a sac. s. disease of the anus, distention
and inflammation of the pouches of the rectum.

saccular (sak'-u-lar) [sac]. Sac-shaped, as a
saccular aneurysm.

sacculated (sak'-u-la-ted) [sac]. Divided into
small sacs.

sacculation {sak-u-la'-shun) [sac]. 1. The state of
being sacculated. 2. The formation of small sacs.

saccule (sak'-ul) [sacculus, dim. of sac, a sac].
1. A small sac. 2. The smaller of two vestibular
sacs of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See
sacculus labyrinthi.

sacculocochlear (sak-u-lo-kok'-le-ar). Relating to
the saccule of the vestibule and the cochlea.

sacculus (sak'-H-lus). A saccule, s. alveolaris,
an air cell. s. buccalis, hanging cheek or pouch,
in animals, s. caecalis, s. laryngis, the laryngeal
pouch between the superior vocal bands and the inner
surface of the thyroid cartilage, sacculi chalicophori,
the lacunae of bone. s. chylifer, s. rorifer, the recep-
taculum chyli. s. cordis, the pericardium, s. ellip-

ticus, s. hemiellipticus. See utricle, s., Horner's,
the anal pocket; a saccular fold of the rectal mucosa,
s. labyrinthi, s. proprius, s. rotundus, s. sphaericus,
the saccule of the vestibule.

saccus (sak'-us) [L.J. A sac. s. endolymphaticus,
a small sac contained in the aqueduct of the vestibule
and serving to establish a communication between
the endolymph and the subdural space, s. lacri-
malis, the lacrimal sac. s. reuniens, the sinus veno-
sus. s. vitellinus, the vitelline sac.

sacer (sa'-ser) [L.]. Sacred, s. ignis, erysipelas,
s. morbus, epilepsy.

sachet (sash-a') [saccus, a sac]. A small bag of
perfumed or medicated substances, s. resolutif
(Fr.), a sachet of equal parts of sal ammoniac, iron
sulphate, and calcium sulphate.

Sachsse's solution (sak'-seh) [Georg Robert
Sachsse, German chemist, 1840-1895]. See under
S.'s test. S.'s test, a quantitative test for the deter-
mination of sugar in urine, consisting in the reduction
of the test solution, a solution of red iodide of mercury
18 Gm., potassium iodide 25 Gm., potassium hydrox-
ide 80 Gm., water to make a liter. The end of the
reaction is ascertained by means of a solution of
stannous chloride, supersaturated with sodium
hydroxide.

sack (sak) [siccus, dry]. 1. An old name for dry
Spanish and Canary wine;s herry. 2. Synonym of sac.

sacrache (sak'-rak) [sacrum; ache]. Sacral pain
in the gravid woman.

sacrad (sa'-krad) [sacrum, the sacrum]. Toward
the sacral aspect.

sacral (sa'-kral) [sacrum]. Pertaining to the
sacrum, s. bone. See sacrum. s. canal. See
canal, s. cornua. See cornu. s. flexure, the curve
of the rectum in front of the sacrum, s. foramen.
See foramen, s. groove. See groove, s. index, the
sacral breadth multiplied by 100, and divided by the
sacral length, s. nerves. See nerves, s. plexus,
See plexus.

sacralgia (sa-kral '-je-ah) [sacrum, sacrum; &\yos,
pain]. Pain in the sacrum; hieralgia.

sacra media (sa'-krah me'-de-ah) [arteria, under-
stood]. The artery running down the middle of the
anterior surface of the sacrum and representing the
termination of the aorta.

sacrectomy (sa-krek'-to-me) [sacrum; enron-h, ex-
cision]. Excision of part of the sacrum. See opera-
tion, Kraske's.

sacred (sa'-kred). Hallowed; holy. s. bark. See
cascara sagrada. s. malady. Synonym of epilepsy.

sacren {sa'-kren) [sacrum, sacrum]. Belonging to
the sacrum in itself.

sacriplex (sa'-krip-leks) [sacrum, plexus]. The
sacral plexus of nerves.

sacro- (sa-kro-) [sacrum]. A prefix denoting re-
lating to the sacrum.

sacroanterior (sa-kro-an-te'-re-or). Applied to a
fetus having the sacrum directed forward.

sacrococcygeal (sa-kro-kok-sij'-e-al) [sacro-; coccyx].
Pertaining to the sacrum and the coccyx.

sacrocoxalgia {sa-kro-koks-aV -je-ah). See sacro-
iliac disease.

sacrocoxitis (sa-kro-koks-i'-tis). See sacroiliac
disease.

sacrodynia (sa-kro-din'-e-ah) [sacro-; bhvvri, pain].
Pain referred to the region of the sacrum in cases of
hysteria or neurasthenia.

sacroiliac (sa-kro-il'-e-ak) [sacro-; ilium]. % Per-
taining to the sacrum and the ilium, s. disease,
an inflammation, usually tuberculous, of the sacro-
iliac joint, characterized by pain, tenderness, and
swelling and elongation of the limb. s. synchon-
drosis, the junction of the sacrum and ilium.

sacrolumbalis (sa-kro-lum-ba'-lis). See under
muscle.

sacrolumbar {sa-kro-lum'-bar) [sacro-; lumbus,
loin]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the loins, s.
angle, the angle formed by the articulation of the
sacrum and the last lumbar vertebra.

sacroposterior (sa-kro-pos-te'-re-or) [sacro-; pos-
terior]. Of the fetus, having the sacrum directed
backward.

sacropromontory (sa-kro-prom'-on-lo-re). The pro-
montory of the sacrum.

sacrosciatic (sa-kro-si-at'-ik) [sacro-; sciatic]. Per-
taining to the sacrum and the ischium, as the sacro-
sciatic notch, sacrosciatic ligaments.

sacrospinal {sa-kro-spi'-nal) [sacrum; spina, spine].
Pertaining to the sacrum and the spine.

SACROSPINALIS

773

SALACTOL

sacrospinalis {sa-kro-spi-na'-lis) [sacro-; spine].
The erector spinae muscle.

sacrotomy (sa-krot'-o-me) [sacro-; rkpvetv, to cut].
Excision of the lower portion of the sacrum.

sacrouterine (sa-kro-u'-ter-in). Pertaining to the
sacrum and the uterus.

sacrovertebral (sa-kro-ver'-te-bral) [sacro-; vertebra].
Pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae, s. angle,
the promontory of the sacrum.

sacrum (sa'-krum) [sacer, sacred; os, bone, under-
stood]. A curved triangular bone composed of five
united vertebra?, situated between the last lumbar
vertebra above, the coccyx below, and the ossa
innominata on each side, and forming the posterior
boundary of the pelvis.

sactosalpinx (sak-to-saV -pinks) [<tolkt6s, crammed;
<ra\iriy£, tube]. The obstruction of a Fallopian
tube and consequent distention from retained
secretion, s. hemorrhagica. See hematosalpinx.

saddle (sad'-l) [ME., sadel]. A contrivance secured
on the back of a horse or other animal to serve as a
seat for a rider, s.-arch, that form of dental vault
the section of which represents the shape of a saddle.
s.-back, lordosis, s.-bags, a pair of leathern cases,
formerly, and still locally, carried by physicians
upon the saddle, and containing their medicines and
instruments, s.-head. See clinocephalus. s.-joint,
an articulation in which each surface is concave in
one direction and convex in the other, s.-nose, a
nose of which the bridge is sunken in. s., Turkish.
See sella turcica.

sadism (sa'-dizm) [Donatien Alphonse Frangois,
Marquis de Sade, 1740-1814]. Sexual perversion
in which pleasure is derived from inflicting cruelty
upon another.

sadist (sa'-dist). One affected with sadism.

sadistic (sa-dis'-tik). Pertaining to sadism.

Saemisch's operation (sa'-mish) [Edwin Theodor
Saemisch, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1833-1909].
For hypopyon ulcer: the cornea is transfixed, and the
intervening tissue, including the base of the ulcer,
is divided by cutting outward. S.'s ulcer, a serpi-
ginous infecting ulcer of the cornea.

Saenger's macula (seng'-er) [Max Saenger, Austrian
gynecologist and obstetrician, 1853-1903]. A bright
red spot marking the orifice of the duct of Bartholin's
gland in cases of gonorrheal vulvitis. Syn., macula
gonorrhceica.

Saenger's pupil reaction. For the differential dia-
gnosis of cerebral syphilis and tabes; in amaurosis
and optic atrophy of cerebral syphilis the pupil
reflex to light may be preserved and even increased
after a protracted stay in the dark, which is never
the case in tabes dorsalis.

saepimentum (se-pe-men'-tum) [soepire, to fence].

1. The tissue enclosing the three umbilical vessels.

2. Pons Varolii.

saeptum (sep'-tum). See septum.

safnower (saf'-low-er). See carthamus. s. carmin.
Same as carthamin.

saffron (saf'-ron) [Ar., zafardn, saffron]. The
Crocus sativus, a plant of the order Iridece. Its
stigma (crocus, B. P.) contains a glucoside, coloring-
matter (crocin), and a bitter principle. Saffron is
used as a coloring and flavoring agent, and in the
form of a tea to bring out the eruption of the exan-
thematous diseases, s., American. See carthamus.
s., meadow. See colchicum. s. substitute. Same as
Victoria yellow, s.-tea. See carthamus. s.-yellow.
Same as Martius's yellow.

safranine, safranin (saf-ra-nin) [saffron], C18H18N4.
A coal-tar dye used in microscopy, especially in
studying karyokinesis. It is a powerful cardiac
and respiratory poison.

safranophile (sa-fran'-of-fil) [Fr., safran, saffron;
<j>iKeZv, to love]. In bacteriology, or histology,
applied to microbes or histological elements that show
a peculiar affinity for safranine.

safrene (saf'-ren) [saffron], CioHie. A hydro-,
carbon obtained from sassafras.

safrol (saf'-rol) [saffron; oleum, oil]. Safrolum
(U. S. P.), C10H10O2. The stearoptene of sassafras
oil, used in headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism.
Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc).

sagapenum (sag-a-pe'-num). A fetid gum-resin
believed to be the concrete juice of Ferula persica.
Its properties resemble those of asafetida and gal-
banum.

sage (saj) [salvia]. Salvia officinalis, a plant of
the order Labiata. Its leaves (saliva, U. S. P.)

contain several terpenes, an oil, salviol, CioHieO,
and camphor. Sage is tonic, astringent and aro-
matic, is used in dyspepsia. Was formerly em-
ployed in colliquative sweats. Dose 20-30 gr.
(1.3-2.0 Gm.).

sage-femme (sahzj-fam') [Fr., literally, a wise
woman]. A midwife.

sagittal (saj'-it-al) [sagitta, an arrow]. 1. Arrow-
like, as the sagittal suture of the skull. 2. Pertaining
to the anteroposterior median plane of the body,
s. furrow, a channel extending along the median
line of the inner surface of the vault of the cranium,
s. nucleus, that of the oculo-motor nerve, s. plane,
the median plane of the body. s. section. See
section, s. sinus, the longitudinal sinus, s. suture,
the suture uniting the parietal bones.

sago (sa'-go) [Malay, sagu]. A food and demul-
cent, s.-spleen, a spleen presenting on section the
appearance of sago-grains, as a result of amyloid
degeneration of the Malpighian bodies, s.-grain,
a vesicular granulation of the eyelid, seen in granular
ophthalmia.

Sagotia racemosa (sa-go'-she-ah ras-e-mo'-sah). A
South American species of the order Euphorbiacece,
used as a tonic and aphrodisiac.

sagradin (sag'-rah-din). The proprietary name
for a 20 % solution of extract of cascara sagrada with
spirit of peppermint.

Sahli's desmoid test (sah'-le) [Hermann Sahli,
German physician, 1856- ]. For estimating the
functional activity of the stomach. A pill of 0.05
Gm. of methylene-blue and 0.1 Gm. of iodoform
is inclosed in a bag of rubber-dam and tied with
dry catgut. The gut is digested by gastric juices
and not by pancreatic juices. The pill is then ab-
sorbed and in about 6 hours the urine is green.
The iodine will be found in the saliva in two hours.

Saigon cinnamon. A variety of cinnamon (cinna-
momum saigonicum, U. S. P.) obtained from Saigon,
the capital of French Cochin-China. See cinnamon.

St. Anthony's fire. Erysipelas; anthrax.

St. Gothard's disease. Ankylostomiasis.

St. Hubert's disease. Hydrophobia.

St. Ignatius' bean. See ignatia.

St. Roch's disease. Bubo.

St. Sement's disease. Syphilis.

St. Vitus' dance. See chorea. St. Vitus' dance of
the voice, stammering.

saiodine (sa-i'-o-den). Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing calcium, iodine and behenic acid.

sajodin (sah-yo'-din). See saiodine.

sake (sah'-ka) [Jap.]. Japanese rice-beer or other
alcoholic beverage.

sal [L.]. 1. Salt. 2. Any substance resembling
salt. s. acetosellae, potassium binoxalate. s. aera-
tus. 1. Sodium bicarbonate. 2. Potassium bicar-
bonate, s. alembroth. See alembroth. s. amarum,
magnesium sulphate, s. ammoniac, ammonium chlo-
ride, s. communis. See salt, common, s. de duobus,
potassium sulphate, s. enixum, potassium bisul-
phate. s. Glauberi. See salt, Glauber's, s. kissing-
ense, a salt obtained from the mineral springs of
Kissingen, in Bavaria, s. polychrest, potassium sul-
phate with sulphur, s. prunellas, s. prunelle. 1.
A fused mixture of potassium nitrate, 128 parts,
and sulphur, 1 pait. 2. Fused potassium nitrate,
s. rupium, rock-salt. s. seignette, potassium and
sodium tartrate, s. sodas. See salt of soda. s.
volatile, ammonium carbonate, or aromatic spirit of
ammonia.

Sala's cells. Stellate connective-tissue cells found
in the network of fibers forming the sensory nerve-
endings in the pericardium.

salaam convulsion (sa-lahm') [Ar., salam, saluting].
A clonic spasm of the muscles of the trunk, producing
a bowing movement; it is usually due to hysteria.

salacetin (sal-as' -et-in). Trade name of phenyl-
aminoacetosalicylate; said to be antiseptic and anal-
gesic.

salacetol (sal-as' -et-ol) [salix, willow; acetum, vine-
gar]. The salicylic acid ester of acetone-alcohol.
It is proposed as a substitute for sodium salicylate and
salol. It has been recommended as an intestinal
and genito-urinary antiseptic, and for the treatment
of acute or chronic rheumatism. Dose, 30-45 grains.

salacious (sa-la' -se-us) [salax, lustful]. Lustful.

salacity (sa-las'-it-e) [salax, lustful]. Lustful or
venereal desire.

salactol (sal-ak'-tol). A combination of the sodium
salts of salicyclic and lactic acids dissolved in a 1 %

SAL AM IDE

774

SALIVA

solution of hydrogen dioxide; it is recommended in
diphtheria. The solution is applied as a spray or
with a brush, and given internally in doses of a
tablespoonful (15 Cc).

salamide (sal'-am-id). An amidogen derivative of
salicylic acid, which it closely resembles in therapeutic
properties, but acts more promptly and in smaller

salantol (sal-an'-tol). See salacetol.

salborol (sal-bo' -rol). A compound of phenyl
salicylate and boric acid, used in rheumatism.

salbromalide (sal-bro' -mal-id) . See antinervin.

saldanin (sal'-dan-in). A local anesthetic said to
be prepared from Datura arborea.

salen (sal' -en). Trade name of a mixture of
methyl and ethyl glycolic esters; soluble in ether,
alcohol and castor-oil.

salenal (sal'-en-al). Trade name of an ointment
containing 33.3 per cent of salen.

salenders (sal'-en-derz). See malandri.

salep (sal'-ep) [Ar., sahleb]. The dried tubers
of various species of the genus Orchis and the genus
Eulophia. It is used as a food, like sago and tapioca.

saleratus (sal-er-a'-tus) [sal, aeratus, aerated salt].
Properly, sal-aeratus. Potassium bicarbonate; also,
sodium bicarbonate.

salethyl (sal-eth'-il). A proprietary preparation
said to be pure ethyl salicylate.

salhypnone (sal-hip' -non), CeHiCKCOCeHOCOO-
CH3. A benzoylmethylsalicylic ester; long colorless
needles, insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in al-
cohol and ether; melts at Ii3°-ii4°. It is used as an
antiseptic.

salicamar (sal-ik'-am-ar), CH2OH . CHOH . CH2-
O . C6H4CO . CH2 . CHOH . CH2OH. A glycerol
ether of glycerolsalicylic acid; recommended as a
stomachic and antirheumatic.

salicin (sal'-is-in) [salix, willow], C13H18O7. A
crystalline glucoside found in the bark and leaves of
the willow. Salicin (salicinum, U. S. P., B. P.)
is used as a substitute for salicylic acid in doses of
5-30 gr. (0.3-2.0 Gm.); maximum daily dosage 150
gr. (9.7 Gm.).

salicol (sal'-ik-ol). A proprietary solution said to
consist of methyl-alcohol, salicylic acid, and oil of
wintergreen in water; used as an antiseptic and cos-
metic.

salicyl (sal'-is-il) [salicylic acid], C7H5O2. The
hypothetical radical of salicylic acid. s. acetate,
C2H3 . O . C7H5O2O, acetosalicylic anhydride, s.
acetol, salactol. s.-anilide, salifebrine. s. bro-
manilide, same as antinervine. s.-creosote, a paste
prescribed by Unna in skin diseases, consisting of a
mixture of salicylic acid, creosote, wax, and cerate.
s.-^-phenetidin. See malakin. s.-quinine salicylate.
See saloquinine salicylate, s.-resorcinol, C13H10O4,
obtained from salicylic acid and resorcinol with heat.
It occurs in plates slightly soluble in water; melts
at 1330 C. _ It is antiseptic, antipyretic, and analgesic,
and used in typhoid, diarrhea, etc. Dose 5-15 gr.
(0.32-1.0 Gm.); maximum dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.)
single; 60 gr. (4 Gm.) daily, s. urate, a salt of
salicyluric acid.

salicylage (sal'-is-il-aj) [salicylic dcid]. The addi-
tion of salicylic acid to foods for their preservation.

salicylamide (sal-is-il'-am-id) [salicylic acid],
CsH4(OH)CONH2. A tasteless compound produced
by treating methyl salicylate with an alcoholic solu-
tion of ammonia, and used as a substitute for salicylic
acid.

salicylate (sal-is' -il-at) [salicylic acid]. A salt of
salicylic acid. The salicylates of lithium, methyl,
and sodium, which are official, and those of ammoni-
um and strontium, which are unofficial, are used in
rheumatism, in doses of 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.).
Bismuth salicylate is employed as an intestinal anti-
septic; naphthol salicylate is betol; phenyl salicylate
is salol.

salicylated (sal-is' -il-a-ted) . Impregnated with
salicylic acid. #

salicylic acid (sal-i-sil'-ik). See acid, salicylic.
s.-acid glycerolester, recommended as a valuable
antirheumatic remedy, s. alcohol. See saligenin.
s. aldehyde, salicylous acid; used as an internal
antiseptic. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.1-0.5 Gm.) daily.
s.-amide. See salicylamide. s. amylester. See
amyl salicylate, s. anhydride. See s. aldehyde.
s. cream, an antiseptic mixture of powdered salicylic
acid, 2 dr.; phenol, 1 dr.; glycerol, 10 dr. s. naph-
thylic ester. See betol. s. phenylester. See salol.

s. silk, a dressing made of silk waste impregnated
with 10 % salicylic acid and a little glycerol, s.
suet, one part of salicylic acid in 49 parts of mutton-
suet; used as a dressing for sores, s. thymolester,
thymol acetate, s. wool, cotton impregnated with
4 to 10 % of salicylic acid and an equal amount of
glycerol^

salicylid (sal-is' -il-id). An anhydride of salicylic
acid, s.-phenetidin. See malakin.

salicylism (sal'-is-il-izm) [salix, willow]. A toxic
condition, produced by the injudicious or excessive
use of salicylic acid or its salts.

salicylize (sal'-is-il-iz) . To treat with salicylic acid.

salicylol (sal'-is-il-ol) . See salicylic aldehyde.

salicyluric acid (sal-is-il-u'-rik) [salicylic; uric].
A compound of glycol and salicylic acid found in the
urine after the administration of salicylic acid.

salifebrin (sal-e-feb'-rin). Salicylanilide; C13H11-
NO2, a white, permanent powder, insoluble in water,
freely soluble in alcohol; recommended as an anti-
pyretic and antineuralgic. It colors blue litmus-
paper red.

saliferous (sal-if-er-us) [sal, salt; ferre, to bear].
Producing salt.

salifiable (sal-if-i'-a-bl) [sal; fieri, to become].
Forming a salt by union with an acid.

saliformin (sal-if-orm'-in) , (CH2)eN4 . CeHKOH)-
COOH. A white, crystalline powder, of sour taste,
soluble in water and alcohol. It is an antiseptic
and uric-acid solvent. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).
Syn., Formin salicylate; hexamethylentetr amine-
salicylate; urotropin salicylate.

saligallol (sal-e-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol disalicylate, a
resinous solid, soluble in acetone or chloroform.
Used as a vehicle for cutaneous applications and as a
varnish.

saligenin (sal-ij'-en-in) [salicin; yevvav, to produce],
C7H8O2. Orthooxybenzylalcohol, a substance ob-
tained from salicin by boiling with dilute hydro-
chloric or sulphuric acid.

salimeter (sal-im'-et-er) [sal, salt; fierpop, a mea-
sure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining the strength
of saline solutions.

salinaphtol (sal-in-af'-tol). See betol.

saline (sa'-Un) [sal, salt]. 1. Salty; containing
salt or substance resembling salt. 2. A salt of an
alkali or alkaline earth, s. solution, a 0.6 % solu-
tion of sodium chloride; physiological (wrongly
called normal) salt solution.

salines (sa'-linz) [sal, salt]. Salts of the alkalies
or of magnesium, used as hydragogue cathartics.
Magnesium sulphate and citrate, sodium sulphate
and Rochelle salts are examples.

salinigrin (sal-in-i'-grin). A substance said to
be a glucoside from the bark of Salix nigra.

salinometer (sal-in-om'-et-er). Synonym of sali-
meter.

saliodine (sal-i-o'-din). A proprietary preparation,
said to be "an iodated, acetosalicylate, with ad-
juvants"; recommended in rheumatism, malaria,
influenza, syphilis, etc. Dose 10 to 30 grains.

saliphen (sal'-if-en). Salicylphenetidin; a com-
pound of salicylic acid and phenetidin.

salipyrine (sal-i-pi'-rin) [salicylate; irvp, fire],
C11H12N2O . C7H6O3. Antipyrine salicylate, con-
sisting of 57-7 parts of salicylic acid and 42.3 parts
of antipyrine; it is soluble in water, and is used in
rheumatism, neuralgia, and as an antipyretic. Dose
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).

saliretin (sal-e-ret'-in) [saligenin; bt\Tivq, resin],
C14H14O3. An amorphous resinous body, produced
by treating saligenin with acids.

Salisbury treatment (sawls'-ber-e). The treatment
of obesity by meat diet and hot water.

salitannol (sal-e-tan'-ol), C14H16O7. A condensa-
tion-product of salicylic and gallic acids by action
of phosphorus oxychloride; a white, amorphous
powder, soluble in solutions of caustic alkalies, slightly
soluble in alcohol. Recommended as a surgical
antiseptic.

salithymol (sal-e-thi'-mol). Thymol salicylate.

salitonia (sal-it-o'-ne-ah). A saline tonic.

saliva (sa-li'-vah) [L.]. The mixed secretion of
the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, and mucous
glands of the mouth. It is opalescent, tasteless,
alkaline, and has a specific gravity of from 1004 to
1009, and contains serum-albumin, globulin, mucin,
urea, an amylolytic ferment called ptyalin, and a
proteolytic and a lipolytic ferment; also salts, among
which is potassium sulphocyanate, derived especially

SALIVANT

775

SALPINGO-OOPHORITIS

from the parotid gland. Among formed elements
are epithelial cells, salivary corpuscles, and bacteria.
The functions of saliva are to moisten the food and
lubricate the bolus, to dissolve certain substances,
to facilitate tasting, to aid in deglutition and articu-
lation, and to digest starches, which it converts into
maltose, dextrin, and glucose, s., chorda, that pro-
duced by stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve.
s., ganglionic, that produced by irritating the sub-
maxillary glands, s., sympathetic, that produced by
stimulation of the sympathetic nerve.

salivant {sal'-iv-ant) [saliva, saliva], i. Stimu-
lating the secretion of saliva. 2. A drug which
increases the flow of saliva.

salivary {sal'-iv-a-re) [saliva]. Pertaining to or
producing saliva; formed from saliva, s. calculus,
a calcareous concretion found in the salivary ducts.
s., corpuscles, pale, spherical, nucleated bodies found
in saliva, s. diastase. Same as ptyalin. s. diges-
tion, the conversion of starches into dextrin and
sugar by the action of saliva, s. fistula, an abnormal
opening communicating with a salivary duct. s.
glands, the glands, six in number, situated three on
each side of the mouth, which secrete the saliva.
See parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual.

salivate (sal'-iv-at) [salivare, to spit out]. To
cause an excessive discharge of saliva.

salivation (sal-iv-a'-shun) [salivate]. An excessive
secretion of saliva; a condition produced by mercury,
pilocarpin, and by nervous disturbances/

salivator {sal' -iv-a-tor) [salivate]. An agent causing
salivation.

salivatory {sal-iv-a'-to-re). Salivant; stimulating
the secretion of saliva.

salivin {sal'-iv-in). Same as ptyalin.

salivolithiasis (sal-iv-o-lith-i'-as-is) [saliva; \L60s,
stone]. Formation of a salivary calculus.

salix {sa'-liks) [L.]. The bark of the common white
willow, S. alba. Its properties are due to a consti-
tuent, salicin, which is tonic and antiseptic. It is
useful as an antipyretic in rheumatic fever, s.
nigra, the bark of the black willow, recommended
in nocturnal emissions and ovarian neuralgia.

Salkowski's modification of Hoppe-Seyler's test
for CO in the blood {sal-kow'-ske) [Ernst Leopold
Salkowski, German physician, 1844- ]. Add to
the blood to be tested 20 volumes of water and an
equal quantity of a sodium hydroxide solution of
specific gravity 1.34. In the presence of carbon
monoxide the mixture will soon become milky,
changing to bright red. On standing, red flakes
collect on the surface. Normal blood treated in
this way gives a dirty brown coloration. S.'s reac-
tion for cholesterin, dissolve the substance in chloro-
form and add an equal volume of concentrated
sulphuric acid. The cholesterin solution becomes
bluish-red, changing gradually to violet red, while
the sulphuric acid appears red with a green fluores-
cence. S.'s test for indol, to the indol solution add
a few drops of nitric acid, and then, drop by drop,
a 2 % solution of potassium nitrite. The presence
of indol is evinced by a red color, and finally by a
red precipitate of nitrosoindol nitrate.

(de) Salle's line. A line beginning at the upper
margin of the ala nasi, encircling the angle of the
mouth, and ending at the edge of the orbicularis oris.
For significance see Jadelot's lines.

sallenders {sal' -en-durz) . See malandria.

salmiac {sal'-me-ak). Ammonium chloride.

salmin {sal'-min), C30H57N17O6+4H2O. A pro-
tamine from the spermatozoa of salmon, identical
or isomeric with clupein.

Salmon's back-cut. An incision along the track
of an anal fistula.

salmon patch {sam'-un). See Hutchinson's patch.

salochinin. See saloquinine.

salocoll {sal'-o-kol). Phenocoll salicylate. A
white powder, odorless and tasteless, only slightly
soluble in cold water. It is said to be antipyretic,
antineuralgic, and antirheumatic. Dose 15 to 30
grains.

salol (sal'-ol) [salix, willow]. See pheny salicylate.
s., camphorated, a mixture of 75 % of phenyl sali-
cylate with 25 % of camphor; an oily liquid, soluble
in alcohol, ether, chloroform, or oils, a local anesthetic,
antiseptic, and analgesic. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65
Gm.). Syn., camphor salol. s. tribromide, C6H4 . -
OH . COO . C6H2Br3, a white, odorless, tasteless
powder, freely soluble in chloroform and glacial
acetic acid, insoluble in ether, or alcohol. It is a

combined hypnotic and hemostatic. Dose 32 gr .
(2 Gm.). Syn., cordol.

salolism (sa'-lol-izm). Poisoning by phenyl sali-
cylate, a mixture of salicylism and carbolism in
which the symptoms of the latter predominate.

Salomon-Sail's reaction {sal'-om-on-saksV) [Hugo
Salomon, Austrian physician]. Excess of neutral
sulphates in the urine of patients with cancer. It is
present in many cases of cancer, but it is not specific,
and is even found in healthy individuals.

saloop (sa-loop') [see salep], A drink prepared
from salep; also from sassafras bark and herbs. It is
regarded as a cure for drunkenness.

salophen (sal'-o-fen) [salix, willow], C6H4 . OH . -
CO2. C6H4. NH(C2H30) =Ci5Hi3N04. Acetylpar-
amidophenyl salicylate, a crystalline substance con-
taining 50 % of salicylic acid, and used as a sub-
stitute for the latter, and as an intestinal antiseptic.
Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.).

saloquinine {sal-o-kwin'-en) , C6H4 . OH . CO . O . -
C20H23N2O. The quinine ester of salicylic acid; a
crystalline, absolutely tasteless substance, insoluble
in water, readily soluble in alcohol or ether; melts
at 1300 C. It is used as is quinine. Dose ia-30 gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.) several times daily, s. salicylate,
C6H4 . OH . COO . C20H23N2O . C6H4 . OH . COOH,
crystallizes in white needles, soluble with difficulty
in water; melts at 170° C. It is tasteless and recom-
mended in rheumatism. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 3 times
daily. Syn., rheumatin.

salosantal {sal-o-san'-tal). A 33 % solution of
phenyl salicylate in sandalwood oil with the addition
of a little oil of peppermint. It is indicated in
cystitis, prostatitis, etc. Dose 10-20 drops 3 times
daily after meals.

salpingectomy {sal-pin- jek'-to-me) [salpinx; i/croni},
excision]. Excision of a Fallopian tube.

salpingemphraxis {sal-pin-jem-fraks'-is) [salpinx;
£n<t>pa£is, obstruction]. Closure of the Eustachian
or Fallopian tube.

salpingian, or salpingic (sal-pin' '-je-an, sal-pin'-jik)
[<ra\irt,y%, tube]. Pertaining to a Eustachian or
Fallopian tube.

salpingion {sal-pin' -je-on). The point at the infer-
ior surface of the apex of the petrosa.

salpingitic {sal-pin-jit' -ik) [salpinx; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Pertaining to or affected with salpingitis.

salpingitis {sal-pin-ji'-tis) [salpinx; ins, inflamma-
tion]. 1. Inflammation of the Fallopian tube.
2. Inflammation of the Eustachian tube, s., chronic
parenchymatous, pachysalpingitis, chronic inter-
stitial inflammation and thickening of the muscular
coat of the Fallopian tube, s., chronic vegetating,
excessive hypertrophy of the mucosa of the Fallopian
tube, s., gonorrheal, that due to infection with
gonococci. s., hemorrhagic, hematosalpinx, s.,
interstitial, that marked by excessive formation of
connective tissue, s., isthmic nodular, follicular
inflammation of the small constricted portion
(isthmus) of the oviduct, with formation of small
nodules of muscular and connective tissue, s.,
mural. See s., chronic parenchymatous, s., nodular,
a form marked by formation of solid nodules. Cf.
s., tuberculous, s., parenchymatous. See s., chronic
parenchymatous, s., pneumococcous, that due to
infection with pneumococci. s., pseudofollicular,
adenomyoma originating in the tubal epithelium.
s., purulent, salpingitis with secretion of pus instead
of mucus or serum, s., tuberculous, that marked
by the infiltration of the lining membrane and walls
of the tube with tuberculous nodules.

salpingo- {sal-ping' -go-) [o-d\7ri7£,t ube]. A prefix
denoting relation to the Fallopian or the Eustachian
tube.

salpingocatheterism {sal-ping-go-kath'-et-er-izm) .
Catheterization of the Eustachian tube.

salpingocele {sal-ping' -go-sel) [salpingo-; KifKri, a
hernia]. Hernia of the oviduct.

salpingocyesis {sal-ping-go-si-e'-sis) [salpingo- ; kv-
v<tls, pregnancy]. Tubal pregnancy.

salpingolysis " {sal-ping-gol'-is-is) [salpingo-; \veiv,
to loosen]. The breaking down of adhesions of the
Fallopian tube.

salpingomallearis, salpingomalleus {sal-ping-go-
mal-e-a'-ris, sal-ping-go-mal'-e-us) . The tensor tym-
pani muscle. See muscles, table of.

salpingo-oophorectomy {sal-ping-go-o-o-for-ek' -to-
me) [salpingo-; oophoron; i/crow, excision]. Excision
of the Fallopian tube and the ovary.

salpingo-oophoritis {sal-ping-go-o-of-or-i'-lis) [sal-

SALPINGO-OOPHOROCELE

776

SALVE

pingo-; oophoron; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the Fallopian tube and the ovary.

salpingo-oophorocele (sal-ping-go-o-of-or-o-sel) [sal-
pingo-; oophorocele]. Hernial protrusion of the
ovary and oviduct.

salpingo-oothecectomy {sal-ping-go-o-o-the-sek' -to-
me). Same as salpingo-oophorectomy.

salpingo-oothecitis (sal-ping-go-o-o-the-si'-tis). Same
as salpingo-oophoritis.

salpingo-oothecocele (sal-ping-go-o-o-the'-ko-sel) .
Same as salpingo-oophorocele.

salpingo-ovariectomy (sal-ping-go-o-va-re-ek' -to-

me). Same as salpingo-oophorectomy.

salpingo-ovariotomy (sal-ping-go-o-var-e-ot'-om-e) .
Same as salpingo-oophorectomy.

salpingo-ovaritis (sal-ping-go-o-var-i'-lis). See sal-
pingo-oophoritis.

salpingopalatal (sal-ping-go-pal'-at-al) [salpingo- ;
palatum, palate]. Pertaining to the Eustachian
tube and the palate, s. fold, a fold of mucosa cover-
ing the levator palati muscle.

salpingoperitonitis (sal-ping-go-per-it-on-i'-tis). In-
flammation of the peritoneum lining the oviduct.

salpingopharyngeal (sal-ping-go-far-in'-je-al) [sal-
pingo-; pharynx]. Pertaining to the Eustachian
tube and the pharynx.

salpingopharyngeus (sal-ping-go-far-in-je'-us) [sal-
pingo-; pharynx]. A muscular bundle passing from
the Eustachian tube downward to the constrictors of
the pharynx.

salpingorrhaphy (sal-ping-gor'-a-fe) [o-dXiny^, tube;
pa<j>ri, suture]. Suture of the Fallopian tube.

salpingosalpingostomy (sal-ping-go-sal-ping-gos'-
to-me). The operation of uniting the two Fallopian
tubes.

salpingoscope (sal-ping' '-go-skop) [salpingo-; <tko-
■n-elv, to look]. A modified cystoscope provided with
an electric lamp of low voltage for exploration of the
nasopharynx.

salpingostaphylinus (sal-ping-go-staf-il-i'-nus) [sal-
pingo-; <TTa<t>v\ii, uvula]. The abductor muscle of
the Eustachian tube. s. internus. Synonym of
levator palati. See under muscle.

salpingostenochoria (sal-ping-go-ste-no-ko'-re-ah)
[salpingo-; o-revbs, narrow; x«p<*. space]. Stenosis
or stricture of the Eustachian tube.

salpingostomatomy (sal-ping-go-sto-mat'-om-e). Sal-
pingostomy.

salpingostomy (sal-ping-gos'-to-me) [salpingo-;
ardna, mouth]. The operation of making an artificial
fistula between a Fallopian tube and the body-
surface.

salpingotomy (sal-ping-got' -o-me) [salpingo-; tow,
a cutting]. The operation of cutting into a Fal-
lopian tube.

salpingysterocyesis (sal-ping-gis-ter-o-si-e'-sis)

[o-dX7ri7£, tube; varepa, womb; kutjo-is, gestation].
Interstitial pregnancy.

salpinx (sal' -pinks) [trdXxryf, tube]. A tube,
especially the Eustachian or the Fallopian tube.
salpyrine (sal-pi' -r en). See salipyrine.
salt [sal, salt], i. Sodium chloride. 2. Any
compound of a base and "an acid, s., acid, a salt
formed from a dibasic or polybasic acid in which only
a part of the replaceable hydrogen atoms has been
replaced by the base, s., alkaline. See s., basic.
s., aperient, of Frederick, sodium sulphate, s. of
barilla, sodium carbonate, s., basic, a salt contain-
ing an excess of the basic element, and formed by the
union of a normal salt with a basic oxide or hydroxide.
s., bay-, sodium chloride; also the sea-salt obtained
by the evaporation of sea-water by solar heat. s. of
bones, ammonium carbonate, s., Carlsbad, a salt
prepared from one of the springs at Carlsbad or
made in imitation of it. Each spring contains in
varying degrees carbonates of magnesium, iron, man-
ganese, calcium, strontium, lithium, and sodium,
sulphates of sodium and potassium, sodium chloride,
sodium fluoride, sodium borate, and calcium phos-
phate, s. of colcothar, sulphate of iron, s., com-
mon, sodium chloride, s., crab orchard, a mild
saline purgative produced from the evaporated water
of springs at Crab Orchard, Kentucky. It contains
magnesium, sodium, and potassium sulphates and a
little iron and lithium, s., diuretic, potassium ace-
tate, s., double, one in which the hydrogen atoms of
an acid are replaced by two metals, s., Epsom-,
magnesium sulphate, s. fever, fever caused by giving
salt solution intravenously or otherwise, s.-frog,
a frog from whose vascular system all blood has been

artificially removed and replaced by physiological
salt solution. Syn., Cohnheim's frog, s., Glauber's.
sodium sulphate, s., halogen, s., haloid, any salt
of the halogen elements, fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
and iodine, s.s of lemon, potassium binoxalate.
s., Monsel's, subsulphate of iron, used chiefly in
solution as a styptic, s., neutral. 1. A salt which
has a neutral action towards litmus. 2. Often used
as the equivalent of 5. normal, q. v. s., normal,
a salt in which all of the available hydrogen has been
replaced by a metal or its equivalent, s. oxy-, a
salt of an oxyacid, one containing oxygen, s.s,
Preston's, English smelling-salts, s., purging, taste-
less, sodium phosphate, s.-rheum, chronic eczema.
s.j Rochelle, sodium and potassium tartrate, s.,
rock-, native sodium chloride, occurring in crystalline
masses, s., sea-, the sodium chloride obtained by
tfye evaporation of sea-water, s., secondary. Same
as 5., neutral, s.-sickness. See sickness, salt-.
s., smelling-, any pungent, irritant salt which when
inhaled usually acts reflexly as a respiratory or
circulatory stimulant. Ammonium carbonate is
generally used. s. of soda, sodium carbonate, s.
solution, a solution of sodium chloride in distilled
water. One containing from 0.6 to 0.75 % of sodium
chloride is known as a physiological or (incorrectly)
normal salt solution, and is used in physiological ex-
periments oh living tissues. In medicine it has
been employed to restore to the system the fluids
lost by severe hemorrhage or profuse diarrheal dis-
charges. The solution is introduced into the sub-
cutaneous tissues or into a vein; sometimes also
into the rectum, s. of sorrel, potassium binoxalate
derived from species of Oxalis and Rumex. s.s,
spirit of, hydrochloric acid, s.-starvation. See
hypochlorization. s., table, sodium chloride, s. of
tartar, pure potassium carbonate, s. of urine, am-
monium carbonate, s. of vitriol, zinc sulphate,
s. of wisdom, sal alembroth. s. of wormwood,
potash prepared from wormwood.

saltans rosa. Urticaria.

saltation (sal-ta'-shun) [saltare, to dance]. The
dancing or leaping sometimes noticed in chorea.

saltatory, saltatoric (sal'-tat-o-re, sal-tat-or'-ik)
[saltare, to dance]. Dancing or leaping, s. spasm,
a clonic spasm that causes the patient to leap or
jump when he attempts to stand.

salted. A term applied to animals that have
recovered from South African horse-sickness.

Salter's incremental lines [Sir James A. Salter,
English dentist]. Dentinal lines more or less parallel
to the surface of the tooth. Caused by imperfectly
calcified dentin.

saltpeter (sawlt-pe'-tre) [salt; petra, a rock]. Po-
tassium nitrate, s., Chili, sodium nitrate, s., wall,
calcium nitrate.

salts. A saline cathartic, especially magnesium
sulphate, sodium sulphate, or Rochelle salt.

salubrin (sal-u'-brin) [salubritas, healthfulnessj.
A compound said to contain 2 % of anhydrous acetic
acid, 25 % of acetic, ether, 50 % of alcohol, and the
remainder distilled water. It is antiseptic, astrin-
gent, and hemostatic, and is used diluted with water
as a gargle and on compresses.

salubrious (sa-lu'-bre-us) [salus, health]. Health-
ful.

salubrity (sa-lii'-brit-e) [salubritas, healthfulness].
The state or character of being wholesome.

salubrol (sal-u'-brol). Tetrabromomethylenedi-
antipyrine. An inodorous, antiseptic powder used
in the same way as iodoform.

salufer (sal'-u-fer). Sodium silicofluoride.

salumin (sal'-u-min). See aluminum salicylate.
s., soluble, ammoniated aluminum salicylate.

salutarium (sal-u-ta'-re-um) [salus, health]. A
sanitarium.

salutary (sal'-u-ta-re) [salus, health]. Promotive
of health.

salvarsan (sal'-var-san). Ehrlich's "606." Di-
oxydiamidoarsenobenzol, C12H12O2N2AS2. A sulphur-
yellow powder furnished by Ehrlich as a remedy for
syphilis, s. milk, milk from a goat that has been
subjected to injections of salvarsan; used for syphilitic
children.

salvatella (sal-vat-el' -ah) or vena salvatella [sal-
vatus, from salvare, to save]. The vein on the back
of the little finger. See vein. ■

salve (sahv) [AS., seal/]. Ointment, s., Deshler's,
compound rosin cerate, s. pencil, ointment in the
form of a pencil or stick.

SALVEOL

777

SANIOUS

salveol (sal'-ve-ol). Trade name of an antiseptic
solution of sodium creosotate in cresol.

salvia (sal'-ve-ah) [L.]. Official name for the dried
leaves of Salvia officinalis. See sage.

salviol (sal'-ve-ol) [salvia, sage; oleum, oil], C10H16O.
A liquid substance obtained from oil of sage.

Salzer's operation [Fritz Adolf Salzer, Austrian
surgeon, 1858- ]. Excision of the whole of the
third division of the fifth nerve.

samadera or samandura (sam-ad-e'-rah or sa-man'-
du-rah) [E. Ind.]. A genus of old-world trees of the
simarubaceous type. s. indica produces a bitter,
febrifugal bark.

samarium (sam-a'-re-um) [L.]. A metallic element
belonging to the didymium group. Symbol Sa;
atomic weight 150.4.

sambucin (sam-bu'-sin) [Sambucus, the elder].
An alcoholic fluidextract of the bark of Sambucus
nigra. It is a diuretic.

sambucus (sam-bu' -kus) [L.]. Elder; a shrub or
tree of the order Caprifoliacece. The flowers of 5.
canadensis and the berries are sudorific; the latter
have been used as an alterative in rheumatism and
syphilis. The inner bark has been employed in
epilepsy, dropsy, and various chronic diseases. Aqua
sambuci (B. P.) is used as a vehicle.

samol (sam'-ol). Trade name of an ointment con-
taining 25 per cent, of salimenthol.

samshu (sam'-shoo) [Chinese]. An alcoholic drink
distilled in China from rice or millet, or both.

sanative (san'-a-tiv) [sanare, to heal]. Promoting
health; healing.

sanatogen (san-at'-o-jen). A proprietary food said
to contain 90 % of casein and 5 % of sodium glycero-
phosphate. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) added to
soup, cocoa, etc.

sanatol (san'-at-ol). The trade name of a disin-
fectant said to consist of sulphuric acid, esters of
phenol, and its homologues.

sanatolyn (san-at'-ol-in). A disinfectant said to
consist of phenol and sulphuric acid with a percentage
of ferrous sulphate.

sanatorium (san-at-o'-re-um) [sanare, to heal].
An establishment for the treatment of the sick;
especially a private hospital. See sanitarium.

sanatory (san'-at-o-re) . See sanative.

sanatose (san'-at-os). A proprietary preparation
said to consist of sodium glycerophosphate and
casein.

sand [AS.]. An aggregation of fine grains of silicic
oxide, s., auditory, otoliths, s.-bath. 1. A vessel
containing dry sand in which a substance requiring a
slowly rising or uniform temperature may be heated.
s.-blind. See metamorphopsia. s.-bodies. See cor-
pora aranacea. s., brain. See acervulus. s.-crack,
a crack or fissure in the hoof of a horse, extending
from the coronet toward the sole, and due to a dis-
eased condition of the horn-secreting membrane.
s.-flea. See chigoe, s., intestinal, gritty material
passed with the stools, s., pineal. See acervulus.
s.-tumor. See psammoma.

sandalwood. 1. Red sanders (Santalum rubrum,
U. S. P.; Pterocarpi ligni, B. P.), the wood of Ptero-
carpus santalinus, of the order Leguminosce. It is
used as a coloring agent. 2. The wood of Santalum
album, of the order Santalacece, containing a volatile
oil. s. oil (oleum santali, U. S. P., B. P.), used in
bronchitis and gonorrhea. Dose 15-20 min. (1.0-
1.3 Cc).

sandarac (san'-dar-ak). A white, transparent
resin produced by Callitris quadrivalvis, a tree of
North Africa. It is now little used except as a
varnish and incense, s. varnish, in dentistry a
solution of sandarac in alcohol used as a separating
medium in making plaster casts.

sandaracin (san-dar' -as-in) . Giese's name for
sandarac which has been exposed to the action of
alcohol. It is a mixture of two of the three resins
of which sandarac is said to be composed.

sanders (san'-durz). Sandalwood.

Sanders' sign [James Sanders, English physician,
1 777-1 843]. Undulatory character of the cardiac
impulse, most marked in the epigastric region, in
adherent pericardium. S.'s type of paranoia, para-
noia appearing in youth. Syn., paranoia originaria.

Sanderson's method of attenuation. The passing
of virus through the system of another animal
(e. g., the guinea-pig, in anthrax) so that it becomes
modified in virulency.

Sandstroem's bodies or glands (sant'-strem) [Ivar

Sandstroem, Norwegian physician]. The para-
thyroid glands; also called Gley's glands.

sane (san) [sanus, whole]. Of sound mind.

sangaree (sang-ga-re') [Sp., sangria]. A sweetened
and flavored drink, consisting essentially of diluted
wine or porter.

Sanger's macula. A bright red spot marking the
orifice of the duct of Bartholin's gland in cases of
gonorrheal vulvitis.^ Syn., macula gonorrhoea.

Sanger's operation. A method of performing
cesarean section: a modification of the usual operation
in which the uterus is brought out through a long
abdominal incision before extraction of the fetus.

Sanger's pupil-reaction. For the differential diag-
nosis of cerebral syphilis and tabes: in amaurosis and
optic atrophy of cerebral syphilis the pupil-reflex
to light may be preserved and even increased after a
protracted stay in the dark, which is never the case
in tabes dorsalis.

S.-angle. See angle, sigma.

sangrenal (sang'-gre-nal). A preparation made
from adrenal glands; used as an astringent, hemo-
static, and cardiac stimulant.

sanguicolous (sang-gwik'-o-lus) [sanguis, blood;
colere, to inhabit]. Living in the blood, as a parasite.

sanguiferous (san-gwif'-er-us) [sanguis, blood;
ferre, to carry]. Carrying, or conveying, blood.

sanguiferrin (sang-gwif -er-in). Trade name of a
preparation said to contain hemoglobin and manga-
nese.

sanguification (sang-gwif -ik-a' -shun) [sanguis,
blood; facer e, to make]. 1. The formation of
blood. 2. Conversion into blood, as the sangui-
fication of substances absorbed from the intestinal
tract.

sanguimotion (sang-gwi-mo' -shun) [sanguis; mo-
tion]. The circulation of the blood.

sanguimotory (sang-gwi-mo' -tor-e). Relating to
the circulation of the blood.

sanguinal (sang'-gwin-al). A hematinic consisting
of evaporated blood and hemoglobin in liquid form,
and free from the intermediate products of the
degeneration of albuminous bodies. It consists of
natural blood-salts 46 parts, oxyhemoglobin 10 parts,
and peptonized muscle-albumin 44 parts.

sanguinaria (sang-gwin-a'-re-ah) [sanguis]. Blood-
root, a genus of plants of the order Papaveracece.
The rhizome of 5. canadensis (sanguinaria, U. S. P.)
is emetic and narcotic; in large doses it is an irritant
and convulsant. It is used chiefly as an expector-
ant in bronchitis. Dose, as an expectorant, 1-5 gr.
(0.065-0.32 Gm.); as an emetic, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65
Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum sanguinaria,
U. S. P.). Dose 1-10 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). s.,
tincture of (tinctura sanguinaria, U. S. P.). Dose
30-60 min. (2-4 Cc).

sanguinarine (sang-gwin' -ar -en), C20H15NO4, the
most important alkaloid derived from the rhizome
of Sanguinaria canadensis. Dose tV-b-I £T- (0.005-
0.0 1 1-0.05 Gm.) in solution. Small doses expec-
torant, large doses emetic, s. nitrate, C17H15NO4 . -
HNO3, a red, crystalline powder, soluble in water
and alcohol. Dosage and uses the same as the
alkaloid, s. sulphate, (CnHisNO^ . H2SO4, red
crystalline powder, soluble in water and alcohol.
Dosage and uses the same as the alkaloid.

sanguine (sang'-gwin) [sanguis]. 1. Resembling
blood; bloody. 2. Hopeful; active, as sanguine
temperament.

sanguineous (sang-gwin'-e-us) [sanguis]. 1. Per-
taining to the blood; containing blood. 2. Sanguine,
s. cyst, a cyst containing blood-stained fluid.

sanguine- (sang' -gwin-o) . A proprietary prepara-
tion said to contain all iron salts, albumins, fats,
and carbohydrates formed in the animal organism.

sanguinoform (sang-gwin' -o-form) . A therapeutic
preparation of blood said to be obtained from the
embryonic blood-forming organs of animals.

sanguinolent (sang-gwin' -o-lent) [sanguis]. Tinged
with blood.

sanguis (sang'-gwis) [L.]. Blood.

sanguisuction (sang-gwis-uk'-shun) [sanguis, blood;
suctus, p. p. of sugere, to suck]. The abstraction of
blood "by suction, as by a leech or other parasite.

sanguisuga (sang-gwi-sii'-gah). See leech.

sanies (sa'-ne-ez) [L.]. A thin, fetid, greenish,
seropurulent fluid discharged from an ulcer, wound,
or fistula.

sanious (sa'-ne-us) [sanies]. Pertaining to or re-
sembling sanies, as sanious pus.

SANITARIAN

778

SAPIDITY

sanitarian (san-it-a'-re-an) [sanitas, health]. One
skilled in sanitary science and matters of public health.

sanitarium (san-it-a'-re-um) [sanitas, health]. A
place where the conditions are such as especially to
promote health; a resort for convalescents, s.,
ocean, a ship so constructed as to be specially adapted
to the requirements of invalids or convalescents and
to making long cruises.

sanitary (san'-it-a-re) [sanitas]. Pertaining to
health, s. cordon, a line of guards to control in-
gress to or egress from an infected locality, s.
police. See police, sanitary, s. science, the science
that includes a consideration of all that can be done
for the prevention of disease and the promotion of the
public health.

sanitas (san'-it-as). i. Health. 2. A class of
proprietary antiseptic solutions, made from turpen-
tine.

sanitation (san-it-a'-shun) [sanitary]. The act of
securing a healthful condition; the application of
sanitary measures.

sanity (san'-il-e) [sanitas, from sanus, sound].
Soundness of mind.

sanmethyl (san-meth'-il). A proprietary prepara-
tion said to consist of methylene-blue, copaiba,
phenyl salicylate, oils of sandalwood and cinnamon,
and the oleoresins of cubebs and matico. It is used
in gonorrhea. Dose in capsules 10 min. (0.66 Cc).

sanmetra (san-met'-rah) [sanus, sound; fiyrpa,
womb]. A combination of zinc sulphate, 1 gr.;
antipyrine, 2 gr.; ichthyol, 5 gr.; fiuidextract of
hydrastis, s gr.; creosote, 1-2 gr.; extract of hyo-
scyamus, 1-2 gr.; menthol and thymol, each, 1-25
gr. ; oil of eucalyptus, 1 gr. It is indicated in vaginal,
uterine, and pelvic diseases, and is used in supposi-
tories.

sanmetto (san-met'-o). A proprietary preparation
recommended in genitourinary diseases and said to
consist of sandalwood and saw-palmetto. Dose
1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 4 times daily.

sano (san'-o). A proprietary dietetic remedy said
to consist of dextrinized barley flour with a high
percentage of proteids; according to analysis, it
consists of water, 13.7 %; proteids, 12.5 %;fat, 1.6%;
mineral matter, 1.85 %; soluble carbohydrates, 4.1 %;
cellulose, 1.4 %; and starch, 64.9 %.

sanoderma (san-o-der'-mah). A sterilized muslin
bandage saturated with bismuth subnitrate.

sanoform (san'-o-form), C6H2I2OHCOOCH3. The
methyl ether of diiodosalicylic acid. It is a white,
tasteless, odorless, permanent powder, containing
62.7 % iodine; melts at no° C; soluble in alcohol,
ether, or vaseline. It is used as a surgical dressing in
powder or 10 % ointment.

sanose (san'-os). A proprietary dietetic said to
contain 80 % of casein and 20 % of albumose; a
white, odorless, tasteless powder forming an emulsion
when stirred with water or milk. Dose 5 dr.-i§ oz.
(20-50 Gm.) in a pint of milk.

sanosin (san'-o-sin). A mixture of sulphur, char-
coal, and eucalyptus leaves. The fumes of this
when ignited are used by inhalation in the treatment
of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Sansom's sign (san'-sum) [Arthur Ernest Sansom,
English physician, 1839-1907]. 1. Considerable ex-
tension of dulness in the second and third intercostal
spaces in pericardial effusion. 2. A rhythmic murmur
transmitted through the air in the mouth when the
lips of the patient are applied to the chestpiece of
the stethoscope; it is heard in cases of aortic aneu-
rysm.

Sanson's images [Louis Joseph Sanson, French
physician, 1 790-1 841]. See Purkinje's images.

santal (san'-tal). Santalum, white sandalwood.
See sandalwood (2).

santalal (san'-tal-al), C16H24O. A constituent of
santal oil found by Chapoteau.

santalol (san'-tal-ol), C15H26O. A constituent of
oil of santal found by Chapoteau.

Santa Lucia bark. The bark of Exostemma
fioribundum, a rubiaceous tree of the Antilles.

santalin (san'-tal-in) [santalum, sandalwood].
The coloring-matter of red sandalwood, obtained
by evaporating the alcoholic infusion to dryness.
It is a red resin, fusible at 2120 F., and is very soluble
in acetic acid as well as in alcohol, essential oils,
and alkaline lyes.

santalum (san'-tal-um) [L.]. Pterocarpi lignum
(B. P.). White sandalwood. The wood of a species
of S. album and 5. citrinum, or yellow sandalwood.

It yields oil of santal, an astringent oil, useful in
chronic bronchitis and gonorrhea. It is often adulter-
ated with oil of cedar. Dose of the volatile oil dr.
xxxx, in emulsion or capsule, s. rubrum, red sanders,
the wood of Pterocarpus santolinus, imparts a bril-
liant-red color to ether and alcohol.

santol (san'-tol). 1. A crystalline substance
C8H6O3, found by H. Weidel (1870) in white sandal-
wood. 2. A proprietary preparation of sandalwood,
used for gonorrhea, etc.

santonica (san-ton'-ik-ah) [aavroviKov, wormwood].
Levant wormseed, the unexpanded flower-heads of
Artemisia pauciflora (U. S. P.) or A. maritima, wax.,
Stechmanniana (B. P.), of the order Composite, the
essential constituent of which is santonin, C15H18O3
(santoninum, U. S. P., B. P.). Santonin is a neutral
crystalline principle, producing, in overdoses, xan-
thopsia, giddiness, stupor, at times convulsions, and
death from failure of respiration. The urine is
colored yellow. Santonica and santonin are used
as vermicides against the lumbricoid worm. Dose
of santonica 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of santonin
1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). Sodium santoninate was
formerly used as a substitute for santonin, but has
produced poisoning.

santonin {san'-to-nin). See under santonica. s.,
troches of (trochisci santontni, U. S. P., B. P.), those
of the U. S. P. contain each about \ gr. (0.033 Gm.)
of santonin; those of the B. P. contain 1 gr. (0.065
Gm.) of the drug.

santoninoxime (san-ton-in-oks'-im), CisHisCMN-
OH). A derivative of santonin by action of an alco-
holic solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride with
sodium; a white, crystalline powder, less toxic than
santonin, and used as a vermicide. Dose for adults
5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) divided into two doses and taken at
intervals of one to two hours, followed by a cathartic.
Repeat for 2 or 3 days.

santonism (san'-ton-izm). Poisoning from over-
dosage of santonin.

Santorini's canal (san-to-re'-ne) [Giovanni Domen-
ico Santorini, Italian anatomist, 1681-1737]. See
Bernard's canal. S.'s cartilages, cornicula laryngis;
the cartilaginous nodules on the tips of the aryte-
noid cartilages. S.'s circular muscle, involuntary
muscular fibers encircling the urethra beneath the
constrictor urethra?. S.'s concha, a small, super-
numerary, spongy bone sometimes found above the
superior turbinated bone of the ethmoid. S.'s
fissures, two fissures separating the cartilaginous
portions of the external auditory canal into three
incomplete rings. Syn., incisurce Santorini. S.'s
muscle. 1. The risorius q. v., under muscles, tabh of.
2. Same as Santorini's circular muscle. S.'s papilla,
the papilla of the duodenum. S.'s plexus. 1. The
vesico prostatic plexus of veins in the male; the venous
plexus surrounding the front and sides of the urethra
in the female. 2. An anastomotic network formed
at the foramen ovale by the filaments of the two
roots of the inferior maxillary nerve. S.'s tubercle,
the cornicula laryngis. S.'s veins, the emissary veins
forming a communication between the cerebral sin-
uses and the veins of the scalp; especially, the small
veins passing through the parietal foramen and
connecting the parietal with the superior longitudinal
sinus.

santozea (san-to-ze'-ah). Trade name of a prepara-
tion said to contain santal, saw-palmetto, etc.;
used for cystitis and other genitourinary disorders.

santyl (san'-til). Santalyl salicylate, a proprietary
gonorrhea remedy.

sap. The nutritive fluid which circulates by
endosmosis in plants.

saphena (sa-fe'-nah) [aafovris, manifest: pi., saphe-
na]. A name given two large veins of the leg — the
internal or long, and the external, or short saphena.

saphenous (sa-fe'-nus) [aa(j>r)vris, manifest]. Ap-
parent; superficial; manifest; applied to two veins
of the lower limb, the internal or long saphenous
vein and external or short saphenous vein, situated
just beneath the surface; also applied to the nerves
accompanying these veins, s. nerves. See nerves.
s. opening, an opening in the fascia lata at the upper
part of the thigh through which the long saphenous
vein and nerve pass. s. veins. See above and also
veins.

sapid (sap'-id) [sapere, to taste]. Capable of being
tasted.

sapidity (sap-id' -it-e) [sapid]. The property or
quality of a substance which gives it taste.

SAPIENTIA

779

SARCOCARCINOMA

sapientia (sa-pe-en'-she-ah) [L.]. Wisdom, sapi-
entiae dentes, the posterior or third molar teeth.

sapo (sa'-po) [L.]. Soap. See soap.

sapocarbol (sa-po-kar'-bol) . A disinfectant solution
of cresol and soft soap.

sapodermin (sap-o-der'-min). An antiseptic soap
containing albuminate of mercury; used in the
treatment of parasitic and fungoid diseases.

sapogenin (sap-oj'-en-in), C34H54O9 (Hesse). A
derivative of saponin by action of dilute acids with
heat. It occurs in needles grouped in stars, soluble
in alcohol or ether. Syn., sapor etin.

sapolan (sap'-ol-an). A compound said to consist
of a naphtha product, 2.5 parts; soap, 3 to 4%;
lanolin, 1.5 parts; it is used in skin diseases.

sapolanolin (sa-po-lan'-o-lin). A preparation of
soft soap and lanolin; used in eczematous condi-
tions.

saponaceous (sap-o-na'-se-us) [sapo, soap]. Hav-
ing the nature of soap.

saponal (sap'-o-nal). A cleansing compound said
to consist of soap, 20 %; sodium carbonate, 60 %;
sodium chloride, 2.2 %; and water, 11 %.

Saponaria (sap-o-na'-re-ah) [sapo, soap]. A genus
of plants of the order Caryophyllece. S. officinalis, or
soapwort, bouncing-bet, is a species growing wild
abundantly in the United States and Europe in the
vicinity of houses. The root, rhizome, and stolons
are used in gout, syphilis, and as an expectorant.
It contains saponin, sapotoxin, sapogenin, etc.

saponarius (sap-o-na'-re-us). Of a soapy character.

saponatus (sap-o-na'-tus) [L.]. Mixed with soap.

saponetin (sap-on-et'-in). A microcrystalline body,
C40H66O15, obtained by heating saponin with dilute
acids.

saponification (sa-pon-if-ik-a'-shun) [sapo; facere,
to make]. The act of converting into soap; the
process of treating a neutral fat with an alkali,
which combines with the fatty acid, forming a soap.
s. equivalent, a term used to indicate the number
of grams of an oil saponified by one equivalent in
grams of an alkali, s., fermentation, saponification
brought about by the action of a ferment.

saponiform (sap-on' -e-f or m). Soap-like in appear-
ance and consistence.

saponify (sa-pon'-e-fi) [see saponification]. To
convert into soap; to convert a neutral fat by the
action of an alkali into free glycerol and a salt of the
alkali, the latter forming a soap.

saponiment (sap-on' -im-ent) [sapo, soap]. A term
denoting a medicinal compound of soap.

saponin (sap'-o-nin) [sapo], C32H54O18. A glucoside
contained in the roots of soapwort and other plants,
and in aqueous solution forming a strong lather.
s., coal-tar. See liquor carbonis detergens.

saponule, saponulus (sap'-on-ul, sap-on' -u-lus) .
Imperfect soaps formed by combination of essential
oils with bases.

saporetin (sap-or-e'-tin). See sapogenin.

saporific (sap-o-rif -ik) [sapor, savor; facere, to
make]. Producing taste, flavor, or relish.

saporosity (sap-or-os'-it-e) [sapid]. Sapidity.

sapotin (sap'-o-tin). A glucoside, C29H52O20,
extracted from the seed of the sapodilla-plum, the
fruit of Achras sapota, occurring in minute crystals
which melt at 2400 C. Itis readily soluble in water,
less so in alcohol, and insoluble in ether, benzine, or
chloroform.

sapotiretin (sap-o-tir-et'-in), C1-H32O10. A product
obtained from sapotin by boiling it with dilute
sulphuric acid; insoluble in water, readily soluble in
alcohol.

sapotoxin (sap-o-toks'-in) [sapo; to£ik6v, poison],
C17H30O10. A poisonous glucoside obtained from
saponin.

sappan-wood (sap-an' -wood) . The wood of Ccesal-
pinia sappan ; used as a dye as a substitute for hema-
toxylon.

sappanin (sap'-an-in). A substance obtained by
the fusion of an extract of the wood of Ccesalpinia
sappan with caustic soda.

Sappey's accessory portal veins (sap'-e) [Marie
Philibert Constant Sappey, French anatomist,
1 810-1896]. A system of venules uniting to form
small trunks, which redivide in the liver and empty
into the sublobular veins. It consists of the minute
nutrient veins of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and
bile-ducts; of venules lying in the gastrohepatic
omentum, the suspensory ligament of the liver, and
about the fundus of the gall-bladder; and of the

group of small veins in the umbilical region. Through
the branches lying in the suspensory ligament of the
liver and through the parumbilical group the portal
vein communicates with the venae cavae. S,'s
fibers, smooth muscular fibers found in the check
ligaments of the eyeball close to their orbital attach-
ment.

sapphism (saf'-izm) [from 2enr<£w, Sappho, a Greek
poetess]. Tribadism. Unnatural passion of one
woman for another.

sapremia, saprsemia (sap-rem'-e-ah) [crairpos, putrid;
alua, blood]. The intoxication produced by absorp-
tion of the results of putrefaction.

sapremic (sap-re' -mik) [sapremia]. Affected with,
of the nature of, or pertaining to, sapremia.

saprine (sap'-rin) [aairpfc, putrid]. A non-
poisonous ptomaine formed in the putrefaction of
animal tissues.

sapro- (sap-ro-) [aairpds, putrid]. A prefix signi-
fying decay, putridity, etc.

saprodontia (sap-ro-don'-she-ah) [sapro-; odovs,
tooth]. Caries or rottenness of the teeth.

saprogenic, saprogenous (sap-ro-jen'-ik, sap-roj'-
en-us) [sapro-; ytwav, to beget]. 1. Causing putre-
faction. 2. Produced by putrefaction.

saprol (sap'-rol) [aairpos, putrid]. A mixture of
crude cresols with hydrocarbons; used as a disin-
fectant.

Saprolegnia (sap-ro-leg'-ne-ah) [sapro-; \kyvov,
an edge]. Fly-fungus. A genus of fungi of the
order Saprolegniacea. Four species are known: S.
monoica, S. dioeca, S. asterophora, and 5. ferox.
They are all saprophytes on dead plants and animals,
especially flies, in water, with the exception of the
last-named species, which is both saprophyte and
facultative parasite. It is the cause of fish or
salmon disease.

saprophagous (sap-ro f -a- gus) [sapro-; <paytlv, to
eat]. Subsisting on decaying matter.

saprophilous (sap-roff'-il-us) [sapro-; 4>CKeiv, to
love]. Infesting decaying matter. Saprophytic.

saprophyte (sap'-ro-fit) [sapro-; 4>vt6v, a plant].
A vegetable organism living on dead organic matter.

saprophytic (sap-ro-fit'-ik) [saprophyte]. Growing
in dead organic matter, as saprophytic bacteria.

sapropyra (sap-ro-pi'-rah) [sapro-; -wvp, fire],
1. Malignant typhus, or putrid fever. 2. Any fever
due to putrid infection.

saprostomous (sap-ros'-to-mus) [sapro-; arofia,
mouth]. Having offensive breath.

saprotyphus (sap-ro-ti'-fus) [sapro-; typhus].
Malignant or putrid typhus fever.

saprozoic (sap-ro-zo'-ik) [sapro-; $o?ov, an animal].
Living in decaying organic matter.

sar, sara [E. Ind., "rotten"]. Vernacular for
trypanosomiasis (surra) (q. v.).

sarapus (sar'-ap-us) [aalpetv, to sweep; irovs, foot].
A flat-footed person.

Sarbo's sign. Analgesia of the peroneal nerve,
occasionally observed in tabes dorsalis.

sarc (sark) [crdp£, flesh]. The belly, body, or
fleshy portions of a muscle.

sarcepiplocele (sar-sep-ip'-lo-sel) [aap£, flesh;
iirlir'Koof, omentum; /07X77, tumor]. An omental
hernia with sarcocele, or with great thickening of the
omentum.

Sarcina (sar-si'-nah) [L., "a bundle"; pi., sarcince].
A genus of schizomycetes consisting of cocci dividing
in three directions, thus producing cubic masses.
See micrococci, table of.

sarcine (sar '-s en). 1. Seehypoxanthine. 2. Sarcina,
q. v.

sarcinic (sar-si'-nik) [sarcina]. Pertaining to or
caused by sarcinae.

sarcinuria (sar-sin-u'-re-ah) [sarcin; ovpov, urine].
The discharge of sarcin with the urine.

sarcitis (sar-si'-tis) [<rdp£, flesh; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of fleshy tissue; especially inflammation
of muscle.

sarco- (sar-ko-) [<rdp£, flesh]. A prefix denoting
composed of or pertaining to flesh.

sarcoadenoma (sar-ko-ad-en-o'-mah) [sarco-; &8t)v,
gland; 6p,a, tumor]. A fleshy glandular tumor. See
adenosarcoma.

sarcoblast (sar'-ko-blast) [sarco-; fi\aar6s, a germ],
1. In biology, a protoplasmic germinal mass. 2.
Marchesini's term for sarcoplast.

sarcocarcinoma (sar-ko-kar-sin-o'-mah). A tumor
composed of malignant growth of both carcinomatous
and sarcomatous types.

SARCOCARP

780

SARRACENIA

sarcocarp (sar'-ko-karp) [sarco-; icapiros, fruit].
In biology, a fleshy, succulent mesocarp.

sarcocele (sar'-ko-sel) [sarco-; K17X77, a tumor].
Any fleshy swelling of the testicle, s. malleosa,
that due to Bacillus mallei, s., syphilitic, syphilitic
orchitis.

Sarcocephalus (sar-ko-sef'-al-us) [sarco-; Ke<pa\r),
head]. A genus of the Rubiacece. S. esculentus,
a shrub of western Africa, the Guinea or Sierra
Leone peach, yields an astringent antipyretic bark,
doundaki or doundake (q. v.); it is the quinquina
africane or kina du Rio Nunez of the French. The
wood, called nijmo, is tonic and astringent. It
contains the alkaloid doundakine.

sarcocol, sarcocolla (sar'-ko-kol, sar-ko-kol'-ah)
{<rap£, flesh; KoWa, glue: named from its vulnerary
power]. 1. A gum-like drug, much used in India
and Arabia, supposed to be the product of some
species of Astragalus. 2. An African' resin with
purgative qualities, the product of various plants
of the genera Pencea and Sarcocolla. It is acrid and
nauseous.

Sarcocystis (sar-ko-sis'-tis) [sarco-; kvotis, a cyst].
A group of the sporozoa. S. miescheri, a parasite
found in pork and beef.

sarcocyte (sar'-ko-sit). See ectoplasm.

sarcode (sar'-kod) |>ap£, flesh]. Animal proto-
plasm.

Sarcodina (sar-ko-di'-nah) [sarco-; bivq, a whirling].
A class of protozoa moving and feeding by means of
pseudopddia, e. g., ameba.

sarcoenchondroma (sar-ko-en-kon-dro'-mah). A
combined sarcoma and enchondroma.

sarcoepiplomphalus (sar-ko-ep-e-plom'-fal-us) [sar-
co-; iirlirhoov, caul; bp.<t>a\6s, navel]. An umbilical
hernia forming a fleshy mass, from great thickening
of the omentum.

sarcogenic (sar-ko-jen'-ik) [sarco-; yewav, to beget].
Producing flesh or muscle.

sarcoglia (sar-kog' -le-ah) [sarco-; y\La, glue].
Sarcoplasm ; a protoplasmic substance containing the
granules and nuclei composing the eminence of Doyen,
or the point of entrance of a motor nerve into muscu-
lar fiber.

sarcohydrocele (sar-ko-hi'-dro-sel) [sarco-; vSup,
water; k^Xt/, tumor]. A sarcocele complicated with
hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis.

sarcoid (sar'-koid) [sarco-; elSos, shape]. Re-
sembling or having the nature of flesh.

sarcolactic acid (sar-ko-lak'-tik). See acid, sar co-
lactic.

sarcolemma (sar-ko-lem'-ah) [sarco-; \enp,a, husk].
The delicate membrane enveloping a muscle-fiber.

sarcolemmic, sarcolemmous (sar-ko-lem'-ik, sar-
ko-lem'-us) [sarco-; \kp.p.a, covering]. Pertaining to
or of the nature of sarcolemma.

sarcology (sar-kol'-o-je) [sarco-; Xoyos, science].
1. The anatomy treating of the soft tissues, as
distinguished from osteology. 2. Myology.

sarcolyte (sar'-ko-lit) [<rdp|, flesh; \veii>, to dissolve].-
A cell which is actively concerned in effecting the
retrograde metamorphosis of soft tissues.

sarcoma (sar-ko'-mah) [sarco-; 6fxa, tumor]. A
tumor made up of embryonal connective tissue.
It* is characterized by a great preponderance of
cells and very little homogeneous or fibrillar inter-
cellular substance, s. of Abernethy. See s., adipose.
s., adipose, one containing fatty elements, s.,
alveolar, one in which groups of sarcoma-cells are
contained in alveolar spaces, s., angiolithic. Syno-
nym of psammoma. s., angioplastic, a tumor of
the testicle first described by Malazzez and Monod
as composed of a protoplasmic network with irregu-
lar spaces and trabecular, the latter made up of
anastomosing giant-cells. The name epithelioma
syncytiomatodes testiculi is proposed for it. s. botry-
oides, a grape-like variety of sarcoma found in the
cervix uteri, s. carcinomatodes, a scirrhous cancer.
s. deciduocellulare. See deciduoma malignum.
s., encephaloid, a soft, rapidly growing sarcoma,
usually of the round-celled variety, s. epulis. See
epulis, malignant, s., giant-celled, one containing
giant-cells as a prominent feature, s., glandular,
Hodgkin's disease, s., granulation. See s., round-
celled, s. lipomatodes, s., lipomatous, one charac-
terized by infiltration of fat. s. lymphadenoides.
See lymphosarcoma, s., mastoid, a sarcoma of the
mammary gland, s., melanotic, a sarcoma, usually
spindle-celled, in which the cells contain melanin.
s. molle. See lymphosarcoma, s. molluscum,

multiple connective-tissue tumors of the skin con-
taining few spindle-cells, s., mucous. See myxo-
sarcoma, s., Mueller's, "sarcoma phyllodes"; adeno-
fibroma of the breast, s., myeloid. See s., giant-
celled, s. myxomatodes, a myxosarcoma (q. v.).
s. phyllodes. See s., Mueller's, s., round-celled, one
made up of round-cells. There are two varieties,
the small round-celled and the large round-celled,
s. scroti, a sarcocele. s., spindle-celled, one made
up of spindle-cells. Syn., recurrent fibroid.

sarcomatoid (sar-ko' -mat-oid) [sarcoma; elSos,
resemblance]. Resembling a sarcoma.

sarcomatosis (sar-ko-mat-o'-sis) [sarcoma]. The
formation of multiple sarcomatous growths in vari-
ous parts of the body. s. generalis. Synonym of
granuloma fungoides.

sarcomatous (sar-ko' -mat-us) [sarcoma]. Of the
nature of or resembling sarcoma.

sarcomere (sar'-ko-mer) [sarco-; nepos, a part].
One of the segments into which a muscle-fibril
appears to be divided by transverse septa.

sarcomoscheocele (sar-ko-mos'-ke-o-sel) [sarco- ;
bffx^ov, scrotum ; K17X77, tumor]. A fleshy scrotal tumor.

sarcomphalocele, sarcomphalon (sar-kom-fal'-o-sel,
sar-kom' -fal-on) [sarco-; o^aXos, navel; K17X77, tumor].
A fleshy tumor at the umbilicus.

sarcophyma (sar-ko-fi'-mah) [sarco-; <pvp.a, a tumor].
A fleshy tumor; sarcoma.

sarcoplasm (sar'-ko-plazm) [sarco-; irXaaa-eiv, to
mold]. The hyaline or finely granular interfibrillar
material of muscle tissue; the term is opposed to
the myeloplasm or contractile substance.

sarcoplasmic (sar-ko-plaz' -mik\. Containing or
relating to sarcoplasm.

sarcoplast (sar'-ko-plast) [sarco-; vXaaaeip, to
mold]. A cell lying between muscular fibrils and
capable of developing into a muscular fiber.

sarcoplastic (sar-ko-plas'-tik) [sarcoplast]. Forming
flesh.

sarcopoietic (sar-ko-poi-et'-ik) [<rap%, flesh; voieiv,
to make]. Producing flesh or muscle.

Sarcopsylla (sar-kop-sil'-ah) |>ap£, flesh; ^iiXXa,
flea]. A genus of siphonapterous or aphanipterous
insects. S. penetrans, the chigoe.

Sarcoptes (sar-kop'-tez) [sarco-; kotttciv, to cut].
A genus of mites. S. hominis, the itch-mite. S.
scabiei. See acarus scabiei.

sarcosepsis (sar-ko-sep'-sis) [sarco-; sepsis]. The
presence of bacteria directly in the tissues.

sarcosin (sar'-ko-sin) [sarcin], C3H7NO2. Methyl-
glycocoll, a crystalline substance produced when
creatin and caffeine are heated with baryta.

Sarcosporidia (sar-ko-spor-id'-e-ah) [sarco-; Spori-
dia]. A variety of psorosperms found in the muscles
of cattle, sheep, swine, and other mammals.

sarcosporidiasis (sar-ko-spo-rid-i'-a-sis) [Sarco-
sporidia, a genus of psorosperms]. A disease pro-
duced by sporozoa of the order Sarcosporidece.

sarcostosis (sar-kos-to'-sis). 1. Bone formation in
muscular tissues. 2. See osteosarcoma.

sarcostroma (sar-ko-stro'-mah) [sarco-; ar/wjua, a
covering]. A thick, fleshy, false membrane.

sarcostyle (sar'-ko-stil) [sarco-; orOXos, a pillar].
One of the fine longitudinal fibrils of which a striated
muscle-fiber is composed and into which it can be
split up.

sarcotherapeutics (sar-ko-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [sarco-;
Oepa-irela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by
means of animal extracts or substances. See organo-
therapy.

sarcotic (sar-kot'-ik) [(rapi-, flesh]. Pertaining to,
or causing fleshy formation or sarcosis.

sarcotome (sar'-ko-lom) [sarco-; rony, a cutting].
A surgical instrument for the division of soft tissues.

sarcotripsy (sar'-ko-trip-se). See ecrasement.

sarcous (sar'-kus) [<rap£, flesh]. Pertaining to
flesh or muscle, s. element, one of the dark prisms
of the ultimate fibrils of striped muscle-fibers, s.
substance, the substance of a sarcous element.

sardonic grin (sar -don' -ik). See risus sardonicus.

sarkine (sar' -kin). Same as sar cine (1).

Sarracenia (sar-yis-e'-ne-ah) [Dr. Sarrazin, of
Quebec]. A genus of American insectivorous plants,
e. g., side-saddle flower, or pitcher-plant, remarkable
for their trumpet shaped leaves. S. purpurea, S.
flava, and S. variolaris, are said to afford roots service-
able in dyspepsia and gout. S. purpurea and S.
violaris have been vaunted as a cure for smallpox.
They are diuretic, diaphoretic, and stimulant.
Dose of the fldext. gtt. xxv.

SARSA

781

SAXIN

sarsa (sar'-sah). Same as sarsaparilla.

sarsaparilla (sar-sap-ar-il'-ah) [Sp., zarza, a. bram-
ble]. The Smilax officinalis and other species of
Smilax, of the order Liliacea. The dried root (sarsa-
parilla, U. S. P.; sarsa radix, B. P.) contains a
crystalline glucoside, parillin, C40H70O18. Sarsaparilla
has been employed as an alterative in syphilis, rheu-
matism, and scrofulous affections, s., decoction of
(decoctum sarsa, B. P.). Dose 4-6 oz. (128-192 Cc).
s., decoction of, compound (decoctum sarsce composi-
tum, B. P.). Dose 4-6 oz. (128-192 Cc). s., fluid-
extract of (fluidextractum sarsaparilla,, U. S. P.). Dose
30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). s., fluidextract, compound
{fluidextractum sarsaparilla compositum, U. S. P.).
Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). s., liquid extract of (ex-
tractum sarsa liquidum, B. P.). Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16
Cc). s., syrup of, compound (syrupus sarsaparilla
compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc).

sarsasaponin (sar-sah-sap'-on-in), i2(C22H360io)
+ 2H2O. A glucoside found by Kobert (1892) in sar-
saparilla. It is the most poisonous of its constitu-
ents.

sartian disease (sar'-shun). An endemic affection
of the tropics, characterized by red indurated spots
that finally ulcerate ; probably furunculus orientalis,
q. v.

sartorius (sar-to'-re-us) [sartor, tailor]. The tail-
or's muscle, so called from being concerned in crossing
the one leg over the other. See under muscle.

sassafras (sas-a-fras) [Sp., from saxifraga, from
saxum, rock; fr anger e, to break). The 5. variifolium,
a tree of the order Laurinea. The root-bark (sas-
safras, U. S. P.; sassafras radix, B. P.) is employed as
an aromatic stimulant. The pith (sassafras medulla,
U. S. P.) yields a mucilage (mucilago sassafras medul-
la, U. S. P.) that is used as an application to inflamed
eyes, and as a demulcent drink in inflammation of the
mucous membranes and kidneys. s. nuts, pich-
urim beans; the seeds of Nectandra pichury-major
and N. pichury-minor.

sassafrid (sas'-ah-frid). A peculiar principle of
Sassafras officinale, isolated by Reinach.

sassafrol (sas'-af-rol). See safrol.

sassolin [It.]. Boric acid extracted from the de-
posits in lagoons of Tuscany.

Sassy bark (sas'-e). The bark of Erythrophlaum.

sat. Abbreviation of saturated, sat. sol., ab-
breviation of saturated solution.

satamuli (sat-ah-moo'-le) . The native name in India
for Asparagus racemosus. It is used as a diuretic and
as a sedative in nervous pain.

satellite (sat'-el-it) [satelles, an attendant]. In ana-
tomy, the vein accompanying an artery.

satellitism (sat' -el-it-izm) . Mutualism; symbiosis.

satellitosis (sat-el-i-to'-sis). A condition in which
there is an accumulation of free nuclei around the
ganglion cells of the cortex of the brain; it is found
in general paralysis and other affections.

sathe, sathon (sa'-the, sa'-thon) [0-0.67]]. The penis.

satiety (sa-ti'-e-te) [satis, enough]. Fulness be-
yond desire.

satisfied hydracarbon. One that has no free valen-
ces; and see saturated.

Satterthwaite's method of artificial respiration (sat'-
er-thwdt). Pressure upon the abdomen alternating
with relaxation to allow descent of the diaphragm.

Sattler's vascular layer. The layer of blood-ves-
sels of the choroid lying internally to Haller's tunica
vasculosa.

saturated (sat'-u-ra-ted) [saturare, to fill]. 1. Of
a liquid, containing in solution all of a substance that
it can dissolve. 2. Of a chemical compound, having
all the affinities of its component atoms satisfied,
with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms or
their equivalents; a term especially applied to the
hydrocarbons. And see satisfied hydrocarbon.

saturation (sat-u-ra'-shun) [saturare, to fill]. 1.
A state in which a liquid holds in solution all of a sub-
stance that it can dissolve; the state of being or be-
coming saturated. 2. Of a chemical compound, a
state in which the affinities of all its atoms are sat-
urated. s. of the atmosphere, that condition in which
any reduction of temperature will be followed by a
precipitation of the aqueous vapor mingled with the
atmosphere, s-. points, the temperature at which
the atmosphere contains as much moisture as it can
possibly hold, in the form of vapor.

satureia (sa-tur-e'-ya). A plant of the order Lab-
iata. S. horiensis resembles thyme and is used as a
culinary herb.

saturnine (sat'-ur-nln) [Saturnus, a Roman deity;
the alchemists' name for lead]. 1. Pertaining to or
produced by lead. 2. Of gloomy nature, s. breath,
the peculiar sweet breath characteristic of lead-
poisoning, s. encephalopathy. See lead encephalop-
athy.

saturnism (sat'-ur nizm). Lead-poisoning; plumb-
ism.

satyria (sat-i'-re-ah). A genitourinary tonic said
to consist of saw palmetto (Serenoa serrulata), false
bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), muria-puama (Liri-
osoma ovata), couch-grass (Agropyron repens), and
phosphorus, administered in an aromatic vehicle.
Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc) 4 times daily after meals.

satyriasis (sat-ir-i'-as-is) [oarvpos, a satyr]. Ex-
cessive venereal desire in the man. Erotic insanity.
See priapism. 2. Leprosy'.

satyromania (sat-ir-o-ma' -ne-ah) . Same as sat-
yriasis (1).

saunders (sawn'-derz). See sandalwood.

sauriasis (saw-ri'-as-is). Ichthyosis.

sauriderma (saw-re-der'-mah) [oavpa, lizard; 8kpp,a,
skin]. Ichthyosis.

sauriosis (saw-re-o'-sis) [oavpa, lizard]. Ichthyo-
sis.

sausage-poisoning. A state of gastroenteritis pro-
duced by the ingestion of decomposed sausage. Syn.,
allantiasis; botulism.

sausarism (saw'-sar-izm) [oo.vo-api.oy.6s]. 1. Paraly-
sis of the tongue. 2. Dryness of the tongue.

sauterne (so' -tern) [Sauterne, a place in France]. A
certain white wine.

Sauvineau's ophthalmoplegia (so-vi7i-o). [Charles
Sauvineau, French ophthalmologist, 1862- ]. Pa-
ralysis of the internal rectus muscle of one side and
spasm of the external rectus of the opposite side.
This affection is the reverse of Paiinaud's ophthal-
moplegia.

Savill's disease [Thomas Dixon Savill, English phy-
sician, 1856-1910]. An epidemic skin disease char-
acterized by the appearance of a papular rash, fol-
lowed by a branny desquamation and by marked
constitutional symptoms. A fatal result may follow.
Syn., dermatitis exfoliativa epidemica; epidemic eczema.

savin, savine (sav'-in). A shrub, Juniperus sabina,
of the order Conifera. The tops (sabina, U. S. P.;
sabina cacumina, B. P.) contain a volatile oil (oleum
sabina, U. S. P.) and possess marked irritant prop-
erties. Savin is employed in amenorrhea, chronic
rheumatism, gout, and as a local application to warts,
ulcers, and parasitic affections of the skin, s., fluid-
extract of (fluidextractum sabina, U. S. P.). Dose
3-8 min. (0.2-0. s Cc). s., oil of (oleum sabina, U.
S. P.). Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). s., ointment
of (unguentum sabina, B. P.). s., tincture of (tinc-
tura sabina, B. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0
Cc). .

Saviotti's canals (sah-ve-ot'-e). Fine artificial pas-
sages formed between the secreting cells of the pan-
creas by the forcible injection of a colored fluid into
the ducts of that organ.

savonal (sav'-on-al). Trade name of a soap mix-
ture, used as a base for ointments.

savory (sa'-vo-re) [savor, odor, or flavor]. Having
a pleasant odor or flavor. See summer savory.

saw. An instrument having a thin blade with
sharp teeth on one edge, and used for dividing bones
and other hard substances, s., Adams', a small
straight saw with a long handle, s., Butcher's, one in
which the blade can be fixed at any angle, s., chain-,
one in which the teeth are set in links movable upon
each other, the saw being moved by pulling alter-
nately upon one and the other handle, s., crown-.
See trephine, s., Gigli's, a wire with a serrated edge,
used in cranial operations, s., Hey's, a serrated disc
affixed to a handle, and used for enlarging an opening
in a bone.

saw-palmetto. The fruit of Serenoa serrulata ; seda-
tive; nutritive and tonic. Dose of the fluidextract,
5 ss-ij.

saxifragant (saks-if -rag-ant) [saxum, a stone;
fr anger e, to break]. Having the power of dissolving
or breaking up calculi.

saxifrage (saks'-if-raj) [saxum, a rock; fr anger e, to
break]. Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, including
many species of herbs, to some of which doubtful
medicinal properties are ascribed.

saxin (saks'-in) . Trade name of a sweetening agent
more powerful than saccharin, and about 600 times
sweeter than sugar.

SAXOLINE

782

SCAPULAR

saxoline (saks'-ol-en). A proprietary soft petro-
latum.

Sayre's apparatus, S.'s jacket (sair) [Lewis Albert
Sayre, American surgeon, 1820-1900]. A jacket of
plaster-of-paris molded to support the spine in dis-
eases of the vertebral column.

Sb. Chemical symbol of antimony (stibium).

Sc. Chemical symbol of scandium.

scab [scabere, to scratch]. 1. The crust formed by
the desiccation of the secretion of an ulcer. 2. Sca-
bies.

scabbard (skab'-ard) [ME., scauberd, a sheath]. A
veterinary term for the prepuce of the horse.

scabbed (skabd) [scabere, to scratch]. Mangy, af-
fected with scabies.

scabby (skab'-e). Same as scabbed.

scabies (ska'-be-ez) [scabere, to scratch]. Itch; a
disease of the skin caused by an animal parasite,
Sarcoptes scabiei, or itch-mite. The insect forms
burrows or cuniculi beneath the skin, and causes ir-
ritation, with vesicles, papules, or pustules, which are
frequently modified by scratching, s. agria, lichen.
s., Boeck's, scabies crustosa; Norwegian itch. s.
capitis, a disease of the hairy scalp marked by exu-
dation and formation of crusts. Syn., achores cap-
itis, s. capitis favosa, favus. s. crustosa, an ex-
treme form of general scabies of the body resulting
in fish-scale-like desquamation. Syn., Norway itch.
Cf. radesyge. s. fera. See ecthyma. s. ferina,
mange, s. humida, s. miliaris, eczema, s. lymphatica,
that accompanied by vesicular eruption. Syn.,
watery itch. s. papuliformis, s. papulosa, a form
marked by papular efflorescence. Syn., rank itch.
s. pecorina, a form affecting sheep. Syn., sheep-itch.
s. purulenta, s. pustulosa, that in which there is for-
mation of large pustules resembling those of smallpox,
occurring on the wrists of children. Syn., Rocky itch.

scabiophobia (ska-be-o-fo'-be-ah) [scabies, itch;
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid or insane fear of scabies.

scabious (ska'-be-us) [scabiosus, rough, scabby].
1. Scabby or scaly. 2. As a noun, a plant of the
genus Scabiosa; popularly regarded as useful in skin
diseases and gout, and as a vulnerary.

scabrities (ska-brisk '-e-ez) [scaber, rough]. Rough-
ness; scabbiness. s. unguium, abnormal thickening
and roughness of the nails.

scala (ska'-lah) [L.]. A staircase or ladder, s.
anterior cochleae, s. externa cochleae. See s. vesti-
buli. s. clausa, s. inferior cochleae, s. interna cochleae.
See 5. tympani. s. media, the space between the
membrane of Reissner and the basilar membrane,
containing the essential peripheral organs of hearing.
s. rhythmica. See nucleus, hypoglossal, s. tympani,
the canal lying below the osseous lamina and the
basilar membrane of the internal ear. s. vestibuli,
the canal bounded by the osseous lamina and the
membrane of Reissner. See under ear.

scald (skawld) [excaldere, to wash in hot water]. 1.
The burn caused by hot liquids or vapors. 2. [Icel.,
skalli, a bare head]. A disease of the skin accom-
panied by the formation of scabs, s.-head, see favus.

scale (skal) [AS., scealu, a husk; a scale]. 1. The
dry, semiopaque lamina of horny epidermis, shed from
the skin in health and in various diseases. 2. [scala,
a ladder]. Anything bearing marks placed at regular
intervals and used as a standard in measuring, as
barometric scale. 3. To remove the tartar from the
teeth.

scalene (ska'-len) [o-KaX^os, uneven]. Having un-
equal sides, s. muscle. See scalenus under muscle.
s. tubercle, a tubercle on the upper surface of the first
rib for the insertion of the scalenus anticus muscle.

scalenus (ska-le'-nus). See muscles, table of.

scaler (ska'-ler) [ME., scale, scale]. In dentistry,
an instrument for removing the tartar from the teeth.

scaling (ska' -ling) [scale]. 1. Desquamating; pro-
ducing scales. 2. A pharmaceutical method consisting
of drying concentrated solutions of drugs on glass
plates, s. the teeth, an old name for the operation, in
dentistry, which consists in the removal of salivary
calculus, commonly called tartar, from the teeth.

scall (skawl) [ME., skalle, a scab]. Favus, im-
petigo, psoriasis, eczema, or other skin-diseases, s.,
dry, psoriasis, scabies, s., milk, crusta lactea. s.,
moist, eczema.

scallard (skal'-lard). Porrigo.

scalled (skawld) [ME., skalle, a scab]. Affected
with scall.

scalp [ME., scalp, the top of the head]. The hairy-
integument covering the cranium.

scalpel (skal'-pel) [scalper e, to cut]. A small knife
having a convex edge.

scalprum (skal'-prum) [scalper e, to scrape]. 1. A
toothed raspatory used in trephining and in removing
carious bone. 2. A strong and large scalpel.

scaly (ska'-le) [scale]. 1. Resembling scales; char-
acterized by scales, as scaly desquamation. 2. Cov-
ered with or having scales, s.-skin, a contagious dis-
ease common in the Louisiade, Marshall, and Gilbert
groups of South Sea Islands. It is an eruption of
small, dry, horny scales, giving the sufferers a repul-
sive appearance. It is probably mycetogenic in ori-
gin, s. tetter, see psoriasis.

scamma (skam'-ah) [oTcaju/xa, a trench]. Same as
fossa.

scammonin (skam'-o-min) [scammony]. A glu-
coside found in scammony. It may be identical with
jalapin.

scammonium (skam-o' -ne-um) . See scammony.

scammony (skam'-o-ne) [aKannuvia, scammony].
The dried juice of the root of Convolvulus scammon-
ium. It is a drastic cathartic, and is generally given
in combination with other drugs, s., resin of (resina
scammonii, U. S. P.). Dose as an active purge for
adults 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 Gm.).

scandium (skan-de-um) [Scandia, Scandinavia]. A
rare metal belonging to the aluminum group. Sym-
bol Sc; atomic weight 44.1. See elements, table of.

scanning, s. speech [scandere, to climb]. A pecu-
liar slow and measured form of speech, occurring in
various nervous affections, especially in multiple
sclerosis.

scansorius (skan-so'-re-us). See muscles, table of.

Scanzoni's operation (skan-zo'^ne) [Friedrich Wil-
helm Scanzoni, German obstetrician, 1821-1801]. A
method of rotating the fetal head with the forceps in
order to hasten delivery.

scapha (ska'-fah) [crK&<f>r), trough]. 1. A trough.
2. The scaphoid fossa.

scaphocephaly, scaphocephalous (skaf-o-sef-al'-ik,
skaf-o-sef-al-us) [see. scaphocephaly]. Having a boat-
shaped head, from early ossification of the sagittal
suture, which projects like the keel of a boat.

scaphocephaly (skaf-o-sef'-al-us) [cuafo, a skiff;
Ke<j>a\ri, head]. A boat-shaped appearance of the
cranium, due to a premature union of the sagittal
suture, or abnormal development.

scaphocephaly (skaf-o-sef'-al-e) [o-Ka<f>r), boat; Ke<j>a\ij,
head]. The condition of having a skull character-
ized by a projecting, keel-like sagittal suture, due to
its premature ossification.

scaphocuboid (skaf-o-ku'-boid) [ovcd^, boat; cu-
boid]. Pertaining to the scaphoid and cuboid bones.

scaphohydrocephalus, scaphohydrocephaly (skaf-o-
hi-dro-sef'-al-us, skaf-o-hi-dro-sef'-al-e) [a-Ka.<t>rj, boat;
hydrocephalus]. Scaphocephaly due to hydroceph-
alus.

scaphoid (skaf'-oid) [<TKa.<j>rj, boat; eidos, like]. Boat-
shaped, s. abdomen, the sunken abdomen seen in
meningitis and in great emaciation, s. bone, a name
given to a boat-shaped bone of the tarsus and of the
carpus, s. fossa. See fossa, scaphoid.

scaphoideum (skaf-oid'-e-um) [L.]. The scaphoid
bone of the wrist or ankle.

scaphoidoastragalan (skaf-oid-o-as-trag'-al-an). Re-
lating to the scaphoid bone and the astragalus.

scaphoidocuboid (skaf-oid-o-ku'-boid). Relating to
the scaphoid and cuboid bones.

scapholunar (skaf-o-loo'-nar) [<r/cd07j, boat; luna,
moon]. Pertaining to the scaphoid and semilunar
bones.

scaphula (skaf -u-lah) [ovca<£i7, boat]. The fossa
navicularis.

scapula (skap'-u-lah) [L.]. The shoulder-blade,
the large, flat, triangular bone forming the back of the
shoulder. See bones, table of. scapulae alatae, of Ga-
len and Aristotle, a wing-like appearance of the shoul-
der-blade in thin persons of weak musculature, es-
pecially in paralysis of the serratus magnus.

scapulacromial (skap-u-lak-ro'-me-al) [scapula,
shoulder-blade; acromion]. Pertaining to the acro-
mion process of the scapula.

scapulalgia (skap-u-lal-'je-ah) [scapula, the shoul-
der-blade; a\yos, pain]. Pain in the neighborhood
of the shoulder-blade.

scapular (skap'-u-lar) [scapula]. Pertaining to the
shoulder-blade, s. line, a vertical line drawn on the
back through the inferior angle of the scapula. s#
point, a tender point developed in neuralgia of the
brachial plexus and situated at the inferior angle 0f

SCAPULARY

783

SCENT

the scapula, s. reflex. See under reflex, s. region,
the region of the back corresponding to the position
of the scapula, the spine of which divides it into a
supraspinous and an infraspinous region.

scapulary (skap'-u-la-re). A bifurcated bandage,
the two ends of which pass over the shoulders, while
the single end passes down the back, all three being
fastened to a body-bandage.

scapulectomy (skap-u-lek'-to-me) [scapula; iKrofirj,
excision]. Surgical removal of the scapula.

scapulen (skap-u-len) [scapula, the shoulder-blade].
Belonging to the scapula in itself.

scapulo- (skap'-u-lo-) [scapula, scapula]. A prefix
denoting relation to the shoulder or scapula.

scapuloclavicular (skap-u-lo-kla-vik' -u-lar) [scap-
ula; clavicle]. Pertaining to the scapula and the
clavicle.

scapulocoracoid (skap-u-lo-ko' -rak-oid) [scapula,
coracoid]. Pertaining to the scapula and the cora-
coid process.

scapulodynia (skap-u-lo-din' -e-ah) . Synonym of
scapulalgia.

scapulohumeral (skap-u-lo-hu'-mer-al) [scapula;
humerus]. Pertaining to the scapula and the humer-
us, s. amputation, removal of the arm at the shoul-
der-joint.

scapulopexy (scap-u-lo-pek'-se) [scapulo-; inj£is,
fixation]. The operation of fixing the scapula to the
ribs.

scapulothoracic (skap-u-lo-tho-ras'-ik) [scapulo- ;
thoracic]. Pertaining to the scapula and the thorax.

scapulovertebral (skap-u-lo-ver' -te-bral) [scapula;
vertebra]. Pertaining to the scapula and the spine.

scapus (ska'-pus) [L.: pi., scapi]. A stem, shaft.
s. penis, the body of the penis, s. pili, the hair-
shaft.

scar (skar). See cicatrix.

scarfskin, scurfskin (skarf'-skin, skerf'-skin) [AS.,
scearfe, a fragment; skin]. The epidermis or
cuticle.

scarification (skar-if-ik-a'-shun) [scarify]. The
operation of making numerous small, superficial in-
cisions.

scarificator (skar'-if-ik-a-tor) [scarify]. An instru-
ment used in scarification, consisting of a number of
small lancets operated by a spring.

scarify (skar'-if-i) [scarificare, to scratch]. To make
a number of small, superficial incisions.

scarlatina (skar-lat-e'-nah) [scarlatinus, scarlet].
Scarlet fever. An acute, contagious, febrile disease,
having a period of incubation varying from several
hours to a week, setting in with vomiting or a chill,
which is followed by high fever, rapid pulse, sore
throat, and the appearance, at the end of the first or
the second day of the disease, of a punctiform, scar-
let-red eruption. The tongue, at first heavily coated
and red at the tip and edges, soon shows prominence
of the papillae, which are red and swollen (strawberry
tongue). The eruption, at the appearance of which
all the symptoms become intensified, gradually fades
after five or six days, and is followed by a scaly des-
quamation. A peculiarity of scarlatina is the ten-
dency it has to involve the kidneys, s. anginosa,
scarlatina with marked inflammation of the throat,
s. cynanchica, see s. anginosa. s. gastrica, scarlet
fever complicated with gastro-enteritis. s. gravior,
malignant scarlet fever, s. haemorrhagica, scarlet
fever, or more usually septic fever with hemorrhagic
spots, s. laevis, mild scarlet fever, s. latens, scarlet
fever without eruptions, s. papulosa, scarlet fever
in which there are prominent papules, due to involve-
ment of the hair follicles, s. pruriginosa, synonym
of urticaria, s. puerperalis, see s. puerperal, s. pus-
tulosa, scarlet fever with a pustular eruption, s.
rheumatica, synonym of dengue, s. septica, a grave
form of scarlet fever characterized by symptoms of
septic intoxication, s. simplex, mild scarlet fever.
s. sine angina, scarlet fever without throat symp-
toms, s. sine eruptione, s. sine exanthemate, scarlet
fever without the rash. s. traumatica, the eruption
similar to that of scarlet fever, accompanied by feb-
rile symptoms, which sometimes follow wounds or
surgical operations, s. typhosa, malignant scarlet
fever, with grave nervous symptoms, s. urticata,
urticaria, s. maligna, s., malignant, a form charac-
terized by an abrupt onset, high fever, convulsions,
coma, and death, usually before the appearance of
the eruption, s., puerperal, Littre's name for a rash
resembling scarlatina sometimes followed by vesi-
cation and pustulation of the affected parts, but

without fever; observed in puerperants. Syn., ery-
thema diffusum (Braun); porphyra (Retzius).

scarlatinal, scarlatinoid, scarlatinous (skar-lat-e' -
nal, skar-lat'-in-oid, skar-lat'-in-us) [scarlatina], i.
Pertaining to or caused by scarlatina. 2. A disease
simulating scarlatina, s. nephritis, the acute catar-
rhal nephritis arising in the course of or during the
convalescence from scarlatina.

scarlatiniform (skar-lat-in'-if-orm). Synonym of
scarlatinoid.

scarlatinosis {skar -lat-in-o' -sis). The toxic state
due to the specific toxin of scarlatina.

scarlet fever. See scarlatina.

scarlet red. A synthetic dye, the sodium salt of
amidoazobenzeneazobetanaphtholdisulphonic acid. It
has been used to heal wounds, in addition to its uses
as a staining reagent.

Scarpa's fascia [Antonio Scarpa, Italian anatomist,
1747-1832]. The deep layer of the superficial ab-
dominal fascia. S.'s foramina, the nasopalatine
foramina, bony canals opening into the incisor canal,
transmitting the nasopalatine nerves. S.'s ganglion,
a ganglion near the internal auditory meatus, at the
point of junction of the facial nerve and the vesti-
bular branch of the auditory nerve; roots, facial and
auditory nerves; distribution, internal ear. S.'s ha-
benula. See Haller's habenula. S.'s hiatus. 1. See
Breschet's helicotrema. 2. See foramen of Winslow.
S.'s liquor, the endolymph of the labyrinth. S.'s
membrane, the membrane which closes the fenestra
rotunda of the tympanic cavity. S.'s nerve, the naso-
palatine nerve. S.'s staphyloma, posterior staphy-
loma; staphyloma of the posterior segment of the
sclera. S.'s triangle, a triangular space having for
its base Poupart's ligament, and for its apex the point
of intersection of the sartorius and adductor longus
muscles.

scat (skat). A hermaphrodite.

scatacratia (skat-ak-ra'-she-ah). See scoracratia.

scatemia, scataemia (skat-e'-me-ah) [ctk&p, <tko.t6s,
dung; alfia, blood]. Autointoxication from retained
fecal matter.

scatiatria (skat-i-at'-re-ah) [jk&p, aKards, dung;
larpeia, a healing]. Medical treatment directed to the
condition of the feces.

scatocyanin (skat-o-si'-an-in) [<tk&p, aKaros, dung;
Kvavos, dark-blue]. A derivative of chlorophyll, re-
sembling but not identical with phyllocyanin, dis-
covered by E. Schunck (1901). It crystallizes in
rhombic plates, pale brown by transmitted light,
purplish-blue with brilliant metallic luster by reflected
light, decomposed by heat, insoluble in ether, alco-
hol, or benzol; soluble in chloroform.

scatol (ska'-tol). See skatol.

scatologia, scatology (skat-o-lo'-je-ah, skat-ol'-o-je)
[<tk&p, aKards, dung; Xoyos, science]. The science or
study of excreta.

scatologic (skat-ol-oj'-ik) [o-k&p, aKaros, dung; \6yos,
science]. Pertaining to scatologia.

scatophagous (skat-of'-ag-us) [aK&p, aKaros, dung;
<payeiv, to eat]. Coprophagous ; excrement-eating.

scatoscopy (ska-tos'-ko-pe) [an&p, aKaros, dung;
aKoireiv, to inspect]. Inspection of the excreta.

scatosin (skat'-o-sin) [truup, aKards, dung], O0H16N2-
O2. A base isolated by F. Baum, 1893, from the
products of pancreatic autodigestion; it is probably
related to skatol.

scatt (skat). See anthrax.

scatula (skat'-u-lah) [L.]. An oblong, flat box for
powders or pills.

scatulation (skat-u-la'-shun) [ML., scatula, a box].
The state or condition of incasement.

scavenger (skav'-en-jer) [AS., scedwian, to show].
One who cleans; a remover of waste and filth, s.-
cells, wandering cells that take up debris; they are
common in the nervous system.

Sc. D. Abbreviation for Scientice Doctor, Doctor
of Science.

scelalgia (se-lal'-je-ah) [o-kcXos, leg; aXyos, pain].
Pain in a leg. s. puerperarum, synonym of phleg-
masia alba dolens.

scelotyrbe (sel-o-ter'-be) [oxeXos, leg; rbpfiri, vacil-
lation]. Weakness or indecision in stepping, often
due to a palsied condition, s. agitans, s. festinans
(Sauvages), paralysis agitans. s. fibrilis. See sub-
sultus tendinum. s. pituitosa. See enteritis, pseu-
domembranous, s. spastica, chronic spasms affecting
the lower limbs and causing lameness, s. taran-
tismus, chorea.

scent (sent) [ME., senten, to smell]. An effuvium

SCHACHER'S GANGLION

784

SCHISTOPROSOPUS

from any body capable of affecting the olfactory
sense; odor, fragrance, s.-bag, same as s.-organ.
s. gland, an odoriferous gland, or one secreting an
odoriferous substance, s.-pore, the orifice of a scent-
gland, s.-test, for plumbing. It is made by putting
into the pipes a quantity of some pungent chemical,
such as peppermint oil, the odor of which will escape
from the defects in the pipes if there are any [Price],
s.-vesicle, a vesicle containing odoriferous matter.

Schacher's ganglion (shah'-ker) [Polycarp Gottlieb
Schacher, German physician, 1674-1751]. The oph-
thalmic ganglion.

Schachowa's spiral tube (shak-ko'-vah) [Seraphina
Schachowa, Russian histologist]. The section of a
uriniferous tubule that lies between a convoluted and
a looped tubule.

Schaefer's dumb-bells. The dumb-bell shaped el-
ements regarded by Schaefer as constituting the prim-
itive fibrils of striped muscular tissue. S.'s reflex,
pinching of the Achilles tendon at its middle or upper
third causes slight flexion of the foot and toes in cases
of organic hemiplegia. The significance of this reflex
is the same as that of Babinski's toe phenomenon.
S.'s [sign. 1. Of pregnancy: a characteristic dis-
coloration in stripes, reddish on a livid background,
which appears in the neighborhood of the urethra
or on the vestibule of the vagina. The stripes run
for the most part crosswise or oblique. The condi-
tion is regarded as due to a vasomotor reaction de-
pendent upon the life of the child as the stripes dis-
appear as soon as the child within the womb is dead.
2. Of hemiplegia: See Schaefer's reflex.

Schaefer's method (sha'-fer) [Edward Albert Schae-
fer, British physiologist, 1850- ]. Method of resus-
citation in asphyxia or drowning: the patient is placed
face downward, and pressure is made intermittently
over the lower part of the thorax to induce natural
breathing.

Schede's method (sha'-deh) [Max Schede, German
surgeon, 1844-1902]. A method of treating caries of
bone. The diseased tissue is scraped away and the
cavity allowed to fill with a blood-clot. The latter is
kept moist and aseptic by a covering of gauze and
protective. S.'s operation, a radical thoracoplasty
in which the ribs from the second down and from
their tubercles to the costal cartilages are excised
with intercostal structures and parietal pleura. The
skin and muscle flap is then sutured and in contact
with the collapsed lung.

Scheele's acid (sheel) [Karl Wilhelm Scheele, Swed-
ish chemist, 1742-1783]- A 4 per cent, solution of
hydrocyanic acid. S.'s green, cupric arsenite, CuH-
AsOs.

Scheiner's experiment (shi'-ner) [Christopher Schei-
ner, German physicist, 1575-1650]. An experiment
illustrating refraction and accommodation of the eye.
The person looks through two pinholes made in a
card and placed at a less distance than the diameter
of the pupil. If the eye is emmetropic, or if ac-
curately focused, the two sets of rays, passing through
the pinholes, unite and form a single image. In a
myopic or a hyperopic eye the object appears double.

schema (ske'-mah) [axvn°-, form]. 1. A simple de-
sign to illustrate a complex mechanism. 2. An out-
line of a subject.

schematic (ske-mat'-ik) [schema]. Pertaining to or
of the nature of a schema, s. eye, one showing the
proportions of a normal or typical eye.

schemograph (ske'-mo-graf) [schema; ypa<t>eu>, to
write]. An apparatus for tracing the outline of the
field of vision; the measurement of the field is made
with the perimeter.

Schenk's method (shenk) [Leopold Schenk, Aus-
trian physiologist, 1842-1902]. The determination
of sex of infants by regulation of the mother's diet
before and during pregnancy; that it is possible to
govern the process of gestation so as to determine the
sex of human offspring: "When no sugar is secreted,
not even the smallest quantity, then the ovum will be
developed which is qualified to become a male child."

Scherer's test for inosite (sha'-rer) [Johan Joseph
Scherer, 1814-1860]. Evaporate the substance to
dryness on a platinum foil with nitric acid, add am-
monia and one drop of calcium chloride solution, and
carefully reevaporate to dryness. In the presence of
inosite a rose-red residue is obtained. S.'s test for
leucin, carefully evaporate the leucin to dryness on
platinum foil with nitric acid. Add a few drops of
sodium hydroxide and warm, and the colorless residue
changes to a color varying from pale yellow to brown,

according to the purity of the leucin; and further
evaporation agglomerates it into an oily drop, which
rolls about on the foil. S.'s test for tyrosin, carefully
evaporate the substance to dryness on platinum foil
with nitric acid. A yellow residue is formed (nitro-
tyrosin) , which becomes a deep reddish-yellow color
on the application of caustic soda.

scherlievo (skair-le-a'-vo) [Ital.]. A form of ul-
cerative syphilis prevalent in the Austrian seaports
during the last century.

scheroma {ske-ro' -mah) [axepos, dry]. Xeroph-
thalmia.

Scheurlen's bacillus (shoir'-lenz). A bacillus at
one time thought to be the cause of carcinoma.

Schick's reaction (shik) [ Schick, Austrian

physician]. Schick uses a diphtheria toxin in a
dilution of such strength that 0.1 c.c. equals 1/50 of
the lethal dose of a 250 gram guinea pig. Of this
toxin he injects 0.1 c.c. of a 1/1000 dilution. In
those who react positively there is a reddening and
infiltration developing in twenty-four hours and
reaching a maximum in forty-eight hours; this
indicates susceptibility to diphtheria, a negative
reaction indicating immunity.

Schiefferdecker's intermediate discs (she'-fer-dek-
er). The substance which is assumed to fill in the
space existing at Ranvier's nodes between Schwann's
sheath and the axis-cylinder. It appears as a black
line on staining with silver nitrate and forms the
horizontal branch of Ranvier's Latin cross.

Schiff's reaction for cholesterin [J. Moritz Schiff,
German physiologist, 1823-1806]. Evaporate the
substance over a small flame in a porcelain dish with
a few drops of a mixture consisting of 1 part of a
medium solution of ferric chloride and 2 or 3 parts of
concentrated hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. In the
presence of cholesterin a reddish-violet residue is first
obtained and then a bluish-violet. S.'s test for car-
bohydrates in urine, dip strips of paper in a mixture
of equal parts of glacial acetic acid and xylidin, with
a very little alcohol, and dry. Warm the urine with
sulphuric acid, and expose the paper to the fumes. In
the presence of carbohydrates the paper will be stain-
ed red. S.'s test for urea, add to the urea a drop of
a concentrated watery solution of furfural, and next
a drop of hydrochloric acid of specific gravity 1.10.
A play of color is produced, changing from yellow,
green, and blue to purple. The same reaction is
given by allantoin, but it is less intense. S.'s test
for uric acid, allow the substance to dissolve in sodium
carbonate, and on the addition of a solution of silver
nitrate a reduction of black silver oxide is obtained.
If a piece of filter-paper previously treated with silver
nitrate solution is treated with a drop of the solution
of the substance in sodium carbonate, a reduction of
black silver oxide will also be formed on the paper.

schindylesis (skin-dil-e'-sis) [ax^dvKriats, a clea-
vage]. A form of articulation in which a plate of one
bone is received into a fissure of another bone.

schirrus (skir'-us). Synonym of scirrhus.

schisto-, schiz-, schizto- (skis-to-, skiz-, skiz-to-)
[axio-ros, cleft]. Prefixes meaning split or fissured.

schistocelia, schistocoelia (skis-to-se'-le-ah) [schis-
to-; KoiXla, cavity]. Abdominal fissure.

schistocephalus (skis-to-sef'-al-us) [schisto-; Kt<f>aki),
head]. 1. Having a fissured skull. 2. A monster
with a fissured skull.

schistocormus (skis-to-kor'-mus) [schisto-; kopuSs,
trunk]. A monstrosity having a cleft thorax, neck,
or abdominal wall.

schistocystis (skis-to-sis'-tis) [schisto-; kihttis, blad-
der]. Fissure of the bladder.

schistocyte (skis' -to-slt) [schisto-; kvtos, a cell]. 1.
A blood-corpuscle in process of segmentation. 2.
Ehrlich's name for a poikilocyte.

schistocytosis (skis-to-si-to'-sis) [schistocyte]. 1. An
aggregation of schistocytes in the blood. 2. The split-
ting process of blood-corpuscles.

schistoglossia (skis-to-glos'-e-ah) [schistq-; y\ua<ra,
tongue]. Cleft tongue.

schistomelus (skis-tom' -el-us) [schisto-; y.ehos, limb].
A monstrosity with a cleft lower extremity.

schistometer (skis-tom' -et-er) [schisto-; ukrpov, a
measure]. A device for measuring the distance be-
tween the vocal cords.

schistoprosopia (skis-to-pro-so'-pe-ah) [schisto-; irpu-
ffoirov, face]. Congenital fissure of the face.

schistoprosopus (skis-to-pros-o'-pus) [see schis-
toprosopia]. 1. Having a cleft or fissured face. 2.
A monster having a fissure of the face.

SCHISTORRHACHIS

785

SCHROETTER'S CATHETERS

schistorrhachis, schistorrachis {skis-tor' -a-kis) [schis-
to-; pdxis, spine]. Spina bifida.

Schistosoma (skis-to-so'-mah) A genus of trema-
tode worms of flukes. S. haematobium, a blood-fluke
causing Egyptian hematuria. S. japonicum, an Asi-
atic blood-fluke the cause of a disease endemic in cer-
tain parts of China and Japan; there are enlargement
of the liver and spleen, increased appetite, diarrhea,
and frequently mucous, bloody stools. Syn., Schis-
tosoma cattoi.

Schistosomum (skis-to-so'-mum). See Schistoso-
ma.

schistosomus (skis-to-so'-mus) [schisto-; a&na, a
body]. A variety of monster in which there is a
lateral or median eventration extending the whole
length of the abdomen, the lower extremities being
absent or rudimentary.

schistosternia (skis-to-ster'-ne-ah) [schisto-; arkpvov,
sternum]. Sternal fissure. Synonym of schisto-
thorax.

schistothorax (skis-to-tho'-raks) [schisto-; thorax].
Fissure of the thorax.

schistotrachelus (skis-to-lra'-kel-us) [schisto-; rpa-
X^Aos, neck]. Fissured neck or cervix.

schizaxon (skiz-aks'-on) [schiz-; axis]. An axon
which divides in its course into equal or nearly equal
branches.

schizo- (ski-zo) [oxL$w, to split]. A prefix denoting
split or cleft.

schizoblepharia (skiz-o-blef-a'-re-a'h) [axlte^, to
split; p\e<t>apoi>, eyelid]. Fissure of the eyelid.

schizocyte. See schistocyte.

schizocytosis. See schistocytosis.

schizogenesis (skiz-o-jen'-es-is) [schizo-; ykveais,
production]. Reproduction by fission.

schizognathism {skiz-og'-na-thizm) [schizo-; yvaBos,
jaw]. Cleavage of the jaw.

schizogonic (skiz-o-gon'-ik). Relating to schiz-
ogony.

schizogony (skiz-og'-o-ne) [schizo-; yovia, genera-
tion], i. Same as schizogenesis. 2. A form of mul-
tiple division in which the contents of the oocyst
eventually split up into swarm spores. Cf . sporogony.

Schizomycetes (skiz-o-mi-se'-tez) [schizo-; hvktjs, a
fungus]. The cleft fungi or bacteria, so called be-
cause multiplying by fission.

schizomycosis (skiz-o-mi-ko'-sis) [schizo-; nvKrjs,
fungus]. A disease due to schizomycetes.

schizont (skiz'-ont) [axtfeu>, to divide]. Schaudinn's
term for the mother-cell in coccidia which, by mul-
tiple division, gives rise to the crescentic swarm
spores called merozoites. Syn., oudeterospore (E. R.
Lankester, 1900) ; sporocyte (Ron, .1899). Cf. sporont.

schizophrenia (skiz-o-fre'-ne-dh) [schizo-; (pprjv,
mind]. Dementia precox.

schizophyta (skiz-o-fi'-tah) [schizo-; <j>vr6v, plant].
Dried but viable schizomycetes. Fission-plants.

schizo thorax (skiz-o-tho'-raks) . Synonym of schis-
tothorax.

schizotrichia (skiz-o-trik'-e-ah) [schizo-; 6pl£, hair].
Splitting of the hair.

Schlange's sign. In cases of intestinal obstruction
the intestine is dilated above the seat of obstruction
and peristaltic movements are absent below that
point.

Schlatter's disease (shlahl'-er) [Carl Schlatter, Swiss
surgeon, 1864- ]. A condition characterized by
pain in the tubercle of the tibia, increased by exten-
sion and pressure ; it occurs in athletes and is said to be
due to separation of the tubercle of the tibia.

Schleich infiltration anesthesia (shlikh) [Carl Lud-
wig Schleich, German surgeon, 1859- ]. A local
anesthesia produced by the hypodermatic injection
of cocaine combined with a weak salt solution; by the
addition of a little morphine the anesthetic action is
prolonged. S. method of producing general anes-
thesia, the administration of small doses of chloro-
form, petroleum ether, and sulphuricether. S.'s sol-
ution, 1 1 gr. of cocaine hydrochloride § gr. of mor-
phine hydrochloride, 3 gr. common salt, dissolved in
3 oz. and 3 dr. of sterilized water.

Schlemm's canal (shlem) [Friedrich Schlemm, Ger-
man anatomist, 1795-1858]. An irregular space or
plexiform series of spaces occupying the sclero-corneal
region of the eye; it is regarded by some as a venous
sinus, by others as a lymph-channel. S.'s ligament,
one of two ligaments connected with the shoulder-
joints; the glenoideobrachial ligament.

Schlesinger's type of syringomyelia. The dorso-
lumbar type.

Schmalz's operation (shmolts) . For stricture of the
lacrimal duct: the introduction of a thread through the
sac, and as far into the duct as possible.

schmerzfreude {schmdrtz'-froy'-deh) [Ger., pain-
joy]. A rare symptom of hysteria, in which pain or
normally painful operations seem to the patient pleas-
ant.

Schmidel's anastomoses (shme'-del) [Casimir Chris-
topher Schmidel, German anatomist, 1716-1792]. An
abnormal anastomosis between the vena cava and one
of the veins of the portal system.

Schmidt's blood-coagulation theory. Para-globu-
lin under the influence of fibrin-ferment enters into
combination with fibrinogen, the result being fibrin.
S.'s incisions. See Lantermann's incisions. S.'s
(Ad.) method for demonstrating disturbances in the
functions of the intestine, it is formed upon the
amount of the fermentation of the feces. The patient
is given daily 1560 Gm. milk, 4 eggs, 3 pieces (100
Gm.) of zwieback, a plate of oatmeal-soup (40 Gm.),
with 10 Gm. of sugar, a plate of flour soup made with
25 Gm. of wheat flour and 10 Gm. of sugar, and a cup
of bouillon; 120 Gm. of potatoes are also given. A
small amount (0.3 Gm.) of carmin is given to color
and designate the first stool to be examined. A small
portion of the stool is dried to constant weight and
weighed. It is then mixed with water and placed
in a fermentation- tube and kept at 370 C. Fermen-
tation with the evolution of gases sets in and is divided
into an early and a late fermentation. Early fer-
mentation occurs during the first 24 or 48 hours. ;
Later fermentation begins slowly on the second or
third day. In the early fermentation it is the starch
that is acted upon, while in the late it-is the albumi-
nous cellulose materials. Early fermentation can be
considered as present only when in the first 24 hours
an evident amount of gas is formed. Normally after
the diet described there should be no such fermenta-
tion. Its occurrence indicates faulty starch diges-
tion and an abnormal condition of the bowels, espe-
cially of the small intestine. S.'s nodes, a term for
the medullated interannular segments of a nerve-fiber.

Schmiedel's ganglion. The inferior carotid gang-
lion.

Schneiderian membrane {shni-de'-re-an) [Conrad
Victor Schneider, German anatomist, 1614-1680].
The nasal mucous membrane.

Schoen's theory of accommodation. See under
accommodation.

Schoenbein's reaction for copper (shen'-bin) [Chris-
tian Friedrich Schoenbein, German chemist, 1799-
1868]. On the addition of potassium cyanide and
tincture of guaiac to a solution of a copper salt a blue
coloration is produced.

Schoenlein's disease (shen'-lin) [Johann Lucas
Schoenlein, German physician, 1793-1864]. Peliosis
rheumatica. S.'s triad, purpuric exanthem, rheu-
matic phenomena, and gastrointestinal disorders in
peliosis rheumatica.

Schott's method {shot) [Theodor Schott, German
physician, 1852- ]. 1. A method of treating heart
disease by resisted exercise and special forms of baths.
2. A system of gymnastic movements, accompanied
by baths containing Nauheim salts, for the treatment
of heart disease, anemia, and chronic rheumatism.

Schreger's lines (shra'-ger) [Christian Heinrich
Theodor Schreger, Danish anatomist, 1768-1833].
Curved lines in the enamel of the teeth, parallel to the
surface; they are due to the optical effect produced
by the simultaneous curvature of the dentinal
fibers.

Schreiber's maneuver (shri'-ber) [Julius Schreiber,
German physician, 1849- ]. Friction of the skin
of the thigh and leg to reinforce the patellar and
Achilles tendon-reflexes.

Schreiner's base (shri'-ner). See spermin.

Schroeder's contraction ring (shro'-der). See Ban-
dl's ring. S.'s test for urea, when added to a solution
of bromine in chloroform the urea will decompose,
with the formation of gas.

Schroeder's method {shro'-der). For resuscitation
of asphyxiated infants: the babe while in a bath is sup-
ported by the operator on the back, its head, arms,
and pelvis being allowed to fall backward; a forceful
expiration is then effected by bending up the body
over the belly, thereby compressing the thorax.

Schroetter's catheters (shret'-er) [Leopold von Kris-
telli Schroetter, Austrian laryngologist, 1837-1908].
Instruments of hard rubber and of varying caliber,
somewhat triangular on section, used for the dilata-

SCHROTH'S CURE

786

SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS

tion of laryngeal strictures. S.'s chorea, laryngeal
chorea.

Schroth's cure (shrot) [Johann Schroth, German
physician, 1800-1856]. Dipsotherapy; a method of
treating certain diseases by reducing to a minimum
the liquid ingested by the patient.

Schueffner's dots (shoof'-ner) [Wilhelm Schueffner,
German pathologist]. Red granules seen in ery-
throcytes, after Romanowski staining, in benign ter-
tian malarial infections.

Schuele's sign (shoo'-leh) [Heinrich Schuele, German
neurologist]. Vertical folds between the eyebrows,
forming the Greek letter omega (omega melancholicum)
frequently seen in subjects of melancholia.

Schueller's ducts. The ducts of Skene's glands.
Schultze's cells. The olfactory cells. S.'s com-
ma-shaped tract, a small tract of descending fibers in
the posteroexternal column of the spinal cord near the
gray commissure. S.'s fold, a fold formed by the
amnion near the insertion of the umbilical cord when
the cephalic end of the fetus encroaches upon the
latter. S.'s granules, finely granular masses in the
blood formed by the breaking-up of the blood-plaques.
S.'s method of resuscitation, the child is seized from
behind with both hands, by the shoulders, in such a
way that the right index finger of the operator is in
the right axilla of the child from behind forward, and
the left index finger in the left axilla, the thumbs
hanging loosely over the clavicles. The other three
fingers hang diagonally downward along the back of
the thorax. The operator stands with his feet apart
and holds the child as above, practically hanging on^
the index fingers in the first position, with the feet
downward, the- whole weight resting on the index
fingers in the axilla?, the head being supported by
the ulnar borders of the hands. At once the operator
swings the child gently forward and upward. When
the operator's hands are somewhat above the hori-
zontal, the child is moved gently, so that the lower
end of the body falls forward toward its head. The
body is not flung over, but moved gently until the
lower end rests on the chest. In this position the
chest and upper end of the abdomen are compressed
tightly. The child's thorax rests on the tips of the
thumbs of the operator. As a result of this forcible
expiration the fluids usually pour out of the nose and
mouth of the infant. The child is allowed to rest
in this position one or two seconds. The operator
gradually lowers his arms, the child's body bends
back, and he again holds the infant hanging on his
index fingers with its feet downward. These move-
ments are repeated 15 or 20 times in the minute.
S.'s position of the placenta, the position assumed by
the placenta when its central portion bulges down-
ward and is expelled in advance of the periphery. S.'s
reagent for cellulose, iodine dissolved to saturation in
a zinc chloride solution of specific gravity 1.8, and the
addition of 6 parts of potassium iodide. This reagent
turns cellulose blue. S.'s test for cholesterin, evap-
orate to dryness with nitric acid, using a porcelain
dish on the water-bath. In the presence of choles-
terin a yellow residue is obtained, which changes to
yellowish-red on the addition of ammonia. S.'s test
for proteids, to a solution of the proteid add a few
drops of a dilute cane-sugar solution and then con-
centrated sulphuric acid. On warming and keeping
the temperature at 6o° C. a bluish-red color is pro-
duced.

Schultze-Chvostek's sign. See Chvostek's symp-
tom.

Schwabach's test (shvah'-bak) [Dagobert Schwa-
bach, German otologist, 1846- ]. The duration of
the perception of a vibrating tuning-fork placed upon
the cranium is prolonged beyond the normal in cases
of middle-ear disease, but shortened when the deaf-
ness is due to a central cause.

Schwalbe's convolution (shval'-beh) [Gustav Albert
Schwalbe, German anatomist, 1844- ]. The first
occipital convolution. S.'s fissure, one between the
lower portion of the temporosphenoidal and the occi-
pital lobes. S.'s nucleus, the principal vestibular
nucleus. S.'s sheath, the delicate sheath which cov-
ers elastic fibers. S.'s space, the subvaginal space
of the optic nerve.

Schwann, primitive bundle of [Theodor Schwann,
German anatomist, 1810-1882]. A muscular fiber.
S., sheath of, the neurilemma of a nerve-fiber. S.,
white substance of, the myelin of a medullated nerve-
fiber.

Schwarz's reaction for sulphonal. Upon heating

sulphonal with charcoal the odor of mercaptan is
evolved.

Schwediauer's disease (shva'-de-ow-er) [Francois
Xavier Schwediauer, Austrian physician, 1748-1824].
Same as Albert's disease.

Schweinfurth green (shvln-foort) . Synonym of
Paris-green.

Schweitzer's reagent for cellulose (shvi'-tser) . Cop-
per sulphate, 10 parts; water, 100 parts. Add potas-
sium hydroxide, 5 parts, in water 50 parts. Wash
the precipitate and dissolve in 20% ammonia solu-
tion. This reagent dissolves cellulose.

schwelle (shvel'-eh) [Ger., "threshold"]. The
threshold, or limen, of any sensation; nerve-excitation
which just fails of producing a sensation.

sciage (se'-ahzj) [Fr., "sawing"]. A to-and -fro-
sawing movement in massage, practised with the ul-
nar border, or with the dorsum of the hand.
sciagram. See skiagram.
sciagraphy. See skiagraphy.
sciameter. See skiameter.

sciascopia, sciascopy (ski-as-ko'-pe-ah, ski-as'-ko-
Pe). _ See retinoscopy.

sciatic (si-at'-ik) [laxlov, ischium]. 1. Pertaining to
the ischium, as the sciatic notch. 2. Pertaining to
the sciatic nerve, as sciatic neuralgia, s. nerve, see
nerve, s. notch, see notch, s. spine, a triangular
eminence on the dorsal border of the body of the is-
chium, s. scoliosis, see scoliosis.

sciatica (si-at'-ik-ah) [ischiaticus, from ischium],
A disease characterized by neuralgic pain along the
course of the sciatic nerve. It usually follows ex-
posure to cold and wet, and is dependent upon in-
flammation of the nerve. In addition to pain there
are numbness and tingling, tenderness along the
course of the nerve, and eventually wasting of the
muscles. See Felt treatment of sciatica.

science (si' -ens) [scire, to know]. Systematized
and classified knowledge. S., Christian, a method of
treating disease upon principles similar to those upon
which faith-cure rests.

scientific (si-en-tif'-ik) [scientia, knowledge; facer e,
to make]. Relating to science. That which is based
upon science.

scientist (si'-en-tist) [scientia, science]. A savant;
one versed in science.

scieropia (si-er-o'-pe-ah) [<™<.ep6s, shady; a>f, eye].
Defective vision in which all objects appear dark.
scilla (sil'-ah). See squill.
scillain (sil'-a-in). See scillitoxin.
scillin (sil-in). An inactive substance obtained
from squills.

scillipicrin (sil-ip-ik'-rin) [scilla; imcpos, bitter].
A yellowish-white, amorphous, hygroscopic powder
obtained from squill. It is used as a diuretic in doses
of 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.) daily.

scillism (sil'-izm) [scilla]. Poisoning from extracts
or tinctures of squill due to the contained glucOside
scillitoxin. It is marked by vomiting, retarded pulse,
and stupor.

scillitic (sil-it'-ik). Pertaining to or containing
squill.

scillitin (sil'-it-in). A white or yellowish resinous
substance, the bitter principle of squill.

scillitoxin (sil-it-oks'-in) [scilla; to£ik6v, poison].
An amorphous, light-brown, bitter, active principle
of squill. It is soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether
and water, and a cardiac poison somewhat resembling
digitalis. It is used as a diuretic in doses of bV^V &■
(0.001-0.002 Gm.) several times daily; maximum
daily dose f gz. (0.05 Gm.).

scillocephalus (sil-o-sef'-al-us) [ovaXXa, squill;
Ke<j)aKri, head]. 1. Congenital deformity of the head,
in which it is small and conically pointed, or squill-
shaped. 2. A person with a squill-shaped head,
usually an idiot.
. scillopicrin (sil-o-pik'-rin). See scillipicrin.
scillotoxin (sil-o-toks'-in). See scillitoxin.
scintillascope (sin-til' -ah-skop) [scintilla, a spark;
oKowelv, to observe]. Same as spinthariscope,
q. v.

scintillation (sin-til-a'-shun) [scintillare, to sparkle].
An emission of sparks. Also a subjective visual sen-
sation as of sparks.

scirrhencanthis (skir-en-kan'-this) [o>app6s, hard;
iv, in; icavdos, canthus]. Scirrhus of the lacrymal
gland.

scirrhoblepharoncus (skir-o-blef-ar-ong'-kus) [oxip-
p6s, hard; p\k4>apov, eyelid; 67/coj, tumor]. A hard
tumor of the eyelid.

SCIRRHOCELE

787

SCLEROMATOCYSTIS

scirrhocele (skir'-o-sel) [cruppos, hard; K17X77, tumor].
Scirrhous tumor of the testicle.

scirrhoid (skir'-oid) [scirrhus; eI5os, like]. Resem-
bling a scirrhus.

scirrhoma (skir-o'-mah). See scirrhus. s. cam-
inariorum, chimney-sweep's carcinoma.

scirrhophthalmia (skir-off-thal'-me-ah)[<ricipp6s, hard;
6<p0a\n6s, eye]. Scirrhus of the eyeball.

scirrhosarca (skir-o-sar'-kah) [scirrhus; <rdp£, flesh].
Hardening of the flesh, especially of new-born infants;
sclerema neonatorum.

scirrhosis (skir-o'-sis) [aKippbs, hard]. The for-
mation of a scirrhous carcinoma.

scirrhous (skir'-us) [scirrhus]. Hard.
scirrhus (skir'-us) [ffaippos, hard]. A hard car-
cinoma.

. scissile (sis' -I) [scindere, to divide]. Capable of
being divided.

scission (sizh'-un) [scindere, to cut]. A cutting
or splitting of anything; fission.

scissiparity (sis-ip-ar'-it-e) [scissus, p. p. of scin-
dere, cut, divide; par ere, to bring forth]. In biology,
generation by fission; schizogenesis.

scissor-leg (siz'-or-leg). A deformity that some-
times follows double hip-joint disease; the legs are
crossed in walking.

scissors (siz'-orz) [scindere, to cut]. An instru-
ment consisting of two blades held together by a
rivet, and crossing each other so that in closing they
cut the object placed between them. The blades
may be straight, angular, or curved, s., artery, a
scissors, one blade of which is probe-pointed, for in-
troduction into a duct or canal, s., canalicular, del-
icate scissors, one blade of which is probe-pointed,
used in slitting the lacrymal canal, s., cannula, scis-
sors for slitting any canal or tube longitudinally, s.,
craniotomy, a strong S-shaped instrument used in
craniotomy for perforating the skull and cutting away
portions of bone, s., iris, one having flat blades
which are bent in such a manner that they may be
applied to the eyeball. Also, scissors used in iri-
dectomy, s., perforator, see s., craniotomy, s., skin-
grafting, an instrument consisting of a forceps and a
scissors, the former for seizing a small piece of skin,
and the latter for cutting it off. s., uvula, one design-
ed for removal of the uvula, s., de Wecker's, a pe-
culiar modification of iris-scissors.

scissura (sis-u'-rah) [scindere, to cut]. A fissure; a
splitting, s. pilorum, a splitting of the ends of the
hairs.

Sclavo's serum (sklah'-vo). A serum used in the
treatment of anthrax; it may be given hypodermically,
intravenously, or by mouth; the average dose is 40 Cc.
sclera (skle'-rah) [o-kXj/pos, hard]. The sclerotic
coat of the eye; the firm, fibrous, outer membrane of
the eyeball, continuous with the sheath of the optic
nerve behind and with the cornea in front, s. testis,
the tunica albuginea of the testis.

scleracne (skle-rak'-ne) [anX-qpos, hard; acne]. Acne
indurata.

scleradenitis (skle-rad-en-i'-tis) [V/cXtjpos, hard; 6.bi)v,
a gland; ins, inflammation]. See adenosclerosis.
scleral (skle-raV) [sclera]. Pertaining to the sclera.
sclerangia (skle-ran'-je-ah) [sclera; ayyelov, a ves-
sel]. 1. A sense of hardness yielded by a vessel. 2.
See angiosclerosis.

scleratitis (skle-rat-i'-tis). Same as scleritis.
sclerectasia (skle-rek-ta' -ze-ah) [sclera; Iktclois, ex-
tension]. Localized bulging of the sclera.

sclerectoiridectomy (skle-rek-to-ir-id-ek'-to-me) . Ex-
cision of a portion of the sclera and of the iris, for
glaucoma.

sclerectomy (skle-rek'-to-me) [sclero-; eKrofirj, ex-
cision]. 1. Excision of a portion of the sclera. 2.
The excision of the sclerosed and ankylosed conduc-
tors of sound in chronic catarrhal otitis media.

scleredema (skle-re-de'-mah). See sclerema cedem-
atosum.

sclerema (skle-re'-mah) [sclera]. Sclerosis, or hard-
ening, especially of the skin. S. adiposum, a grave
form of sclerema neonatorum marked by extreme
hardness of the skin, atrophy, and adherence to the
subcutaneous tissues, s. adultorum, see morphea.
s. cutis, scleroderma, s. neonatorum, a disease of
the newborn characterized by a hardening of the sub-
cutaneous tissue, especially of the legs and feet, and
probably dependent on a coagulation of the fat. s.
cedematosum, a generally fatal form of sclerema
neonatorum marked by edema of the skin with indur-
ation, impairment of muscular action, and subnormal

temperature. Syn., compact edema of infants, s.
partial, Schwimmer's name for scleroderma occurring
in limited areas. Syn., Sclereme en plaques, s. uni-
versale, Schwimmer's name for scleroderma affecting
at once the whole surface of the body, or from single
areas of sclerosis of the skin gradually diffusing itself
over the entire body. Syn., Carcinus eburneus (Ali-
bert); Cutis tensa chronica (Fuchs); Elephantiasis
sclerosa (Rasmussen); Sclerosis corii (Wilson).

scleremia, scleremus (skle-re'-me-ah, -mus). Same
as sclerema.

sclerencephalia (skle-ren-sef-a'-le-ah) [aKKrjpbs, hard;
eyK&f>a.\os, brain]. Sclerosis of brain-tissue.

sclererythrin (skle-rer'-ith-rin) [vKh-qpos, hard;
epWpos, red]. A red substance obtained from ergot.

scleriasis (skle-ri'-as-is) [sclera]. Scleroderma.

scleritic (skle-rit'-ik) [<tk\vpos, hard]. Sclerous.

scleriritomy (skle-rir-W -o-me) [aK\rjp6s, hard, sclera;
ronn, a cutting]. Incision of the conjunctiva, sclera,
and iris, followed, by excision of a piece of the iris
and anterior capsule, in staphyloma of the cornea and
secondary glaucoma.

scleritis (skle-ri'-tis) [sclera; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the sclerotic coat of the eye. It
may exist alone (simple scleritis or episcleritis) or
may be combined with inflammation of the cornea,
iris, or choroid.

sclero- (skle-ro-) [<tk\t)p6s, hard]. 1. A prefix
meaning hard. 2. A prefix denoting connection
with the sclera.

sclerocataracta (skle-ro-kat-ar-ak'-tah) [sclero-; /car-
apdrj7s, cataract]. A hard cataract.

sclerochoroiditis (skle-ro-ko-roid-i'-tis) [sclero-;
choroiditis]. Inflammation of the choroid and the
sclerotic coat of the eye.

scleroconjunctival (skle-ro-kon-jungk-ti'-val) [sclero- ;
conjunctiva, conjunctiva]. Pertaining conjointly to
the sclerotic coat of the eye and the conjunctiva.

scleroconjunctivitis (skle-ro-kon-junk-ti-vi'-tis) .

Simultaneous conjunctivitis and scleritis.

sclerocornea (skle-ro-kor'-ne-ah). The sclera and
cornea regarded as one.

sclerocornea! (skle-ro-kor'-ne-al) [sclero-; cornea].
Pertaining conjointly to the sclerotic coat and the
cornea of the eye.

sclerocyclotomy (skle-ro-si-klot'-o-me) [sclero-;
kvk\os, a circle; toutj, a cutting]. Hancock's opera-
tion of division of the ciliary muscle.

sclerodactylia, sclerodactyly (skle-ro-dak-til'-e-ah,
skle-ro-dak' -til-e) [sclero-; 8clktv\os, finger]. A disease
of the fingers (or toes) allied to scleroderma. It is
usually symmetrical, occurs chiefly in women, and
leads to marked deformity.

scleroderma (skle-ro-der'-mah) [sclero-; bkp^a,
skin]. A disease characterized by a progressive
induration of the skin, occurring either in circum-
scribed patches (see morphea) or diffusely. The
skin becomes hard, pigmented, and firmly attached
to the underlying tissues; destructive changes may
also occur, and joints may become immobile from
adhesions of the skin. The cause of scleroderma is
not known, s. circumscribed. See morphea, s.
neonatorum. See sclerema neonatorum, s. cede-
matosa. See sclerema cedematosum.

sclerodermatitis (skle-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [sclero- ;
depua, skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammatory
thickening and hardening of the skin.

sclerodermatous (skle-ro-der' -mat-us) [sclero- ;
Sep/ia, skin]. Having a hard outer covering.

sclerodermitis (skle-ro-der-mi'-tis) . Scleroderma-
titis.

sclerogenous (skle-roj'-en-us) [sclero-; yewav, to
beget]. Producing a hard substance.

sclerogeny (skle-roj'-en-e) [see sclerogenous]. The
formation of sclerous tissue.

scleroid (skle'-roid) [o-/cXt?p6s, hard; eiSos, form].
Hard or bony in texture.

sclerotitis (skle-ro-i-ri'-tis) [sclero-; tpis, iris; ins,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the sclera and the iris.

sclerokeratitis (skle-ro-ker-at-i'-tis) [sclero-; kera-
titis]. Inflammation of the sclera and the cornea.

sclerokeratoiritis (skle-ro-ker-at-o-i-ri'-tis). Com-
bined inflammation of the sclera, cornea, and iris.

scleroma (skle-ro' -mah) [sclero-; 6/xa, tumor].
Abnormal hardness or induration of a part. s.
adultorum. Synonym of scleroderma, s., respira-
tory, rhinoscleroma.

scleromatocystis (skle-rom'-at-o-sist-is) [sclero-;
Kvans, a bladder]. Induration of a cyst, but espe-
cially of the gall-bladder or urinary bladder.

SCLEROMENINX

788

SCOLIOLORDOSIS

scleromeninx (skle-ro-me'-ninks) [sclero-; p.r)i>i-y£,
membrane]. The dura mater.

scleromere (skle'-ro-mer) [sclero-; (ikpos, a part].
Any metamere or segment of the skeleton, such as a
primitive vertebra.

sclerometer (skle-rom'-et-er) [sclero-; ukrpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for determining the hard-
ness of substances.

scleromucin (skle-ro-mu'-sin) [sclero-; mucus].
A gummy substance obtained from ergot, and con-
sidered one of its active principles.

scleronychia {skle-ro-nik'-e-ah) [sclero-; &w£, nail].
Induration and thickening of the nails.

scleronyxis (skle-ron-ik'-sis) [sclero-; vbfa, a prick-
ing]. Puncture of the sclera.

sclero-ophoritis (skle-ro-o-for-i'-tis) [sclero-; u>bv,
egg; tpopos, bearing; itw, inflammation]. Sclerosis
of the ovary.

sclerophthalmia (skle-roff-thal'-me-ah) [sclero-; 6<p-
8aKp.os, eye]. Xerophthalmia. ,

sclerosal (skle-ro'-sal) [<ric\r)p6s, hard]. Of the
nature of sclerosis.

sclerosarcoma (skle-ro-sar-ko'-mah) [sclero-; sar-
coma]. A hard, fleshy tumor, especially of the gums.

sclerose (skle'-roz) [<TK\rjp6s, hard]. To affect
with sclerosis; to become affected with sclerosis.

sclerosed (skle'-rozd) [sclerosis]. Affected with
sclerosis; hardened.

sclerose en plaques (skla-ros' on(g) plahk). Syno-
nym of sclerosis, multiple.

sclerosis (skle-ro'-sis) [<tk\tip°s> hard]. Hardening,
especially a hardening of a part from an overgrowth
of fibrous tissue; applied particularly to hardening of
the nervous system from atrophy or degeneration of
the nerve-elements and hyperplasia of the interstitial
tissue; also to a chronic inflammation of the arteries
characterized by thickening of their coats, s.,
amyotrophic lateral, a combination of chronic an-
terior poliomyelitis with lateral sclerosis, s., annu-
lar, a chronic myelitis, in which the sclerosis extends
about the cord like a ring, s., arterio-. See endar-
teritis, s., atrophic, sclerosis with atrophy.^ s.,
cerebrospinal. See s. disseminated, s. combined,
simultaneous sclerosis of the posterior and the lateral
columns of the spinal cord, s., corii. Synonym of
scleroderma, s. dermatis. Synonym of scleroderma.
s., diffuse, one extending through a large part of the
brain and cord, s., disseminated, a form in which
numerous sclerotic patches are scattered through the
brain and cord, s., focal, one confined to a particular
region of the brain or cord, s., general, a connective
tissue hyperplasia affecting an entire organ, s.,
initial, the syphilitic chancre, s., insular. See s.,
multiple, s., lateral. See lateral sclerosis, s. lobar,
sclerosis of a lobe of the brain, s. of the lung.
Synonym of pneumonia, interstitial, s. of middle
ear, v. Troeltsch's name for otitis media hypertrophica.
s., miliary, small sclerotic patches such as have been
observed in the spinal cord in some cases of pernicious
anemia, s. multilocular. See sclerosis, disseminated.
s., multiple, chronic induration occurring in patches
in different parts of the nervous system. The
principal symptoms are muscular weakness and
tremor upon essaying voluntary action, s., multiple
cerebral, multiple sclerosis affecting only the brain.
s., multiple cerebrospinal, multiple sclerosis affecting
both the brain and the spinal cord, s., neural,
sclerosis attended by chronic neuritis, s. ossium.
Synonym of ostitis, condensing, s., posterior spinal,
locomotor ataxia; tabes dorsalis, q. v. s., postero-
lateral. See Friedreich's ataxia, s., progressive
muscular. Synonym of pseudohypertrophic muscular
paralysis, s., renal. Synonym of nephritis, inter-
stitial, s., syphilitic, arterio-, the arterial sclerosis
due to syphilis. It affects chiefly the intima, but
also the adventitia. _ s. telae cellularis et adiposae,
scleroderma, s. testis, sarcocele. s., tuberous, a
form marked by hypertrophy and increased density
of the involved areas, s., ulcerating, the primary
lesion of syphilis; Hunterian or indurated chancre,
s., vascular, sclerosis of the walls of blood-vessels;
arteriosclerosis.

scleroskeletal (skle-ro-skeV -et-aV) [sclero-; aKeKerov,
a dry body]. Pertaining to a scleroskeleton.

scleroskeleton (skle-ro-skeV -et-on) [sclero-; skele-
ton]. In biology, ossifications other than the bones
of the main endoskeleton.

sclerostenosis (skle-ro-sten-o'-sis) [sclero-; stenosis].
I. Sclerosis with stenosis. 2. Scleroderma, s. cu-
tanea, scleroderma.

sclerosteous (skle-ros'-te-us) [sclero-; barkov, bone].
A bony formation resulting from osseous deposit in a
tendon.

Sclerostoma (skle-ros'-to-mah) [o-kXtzpos, hard;
arbp-a, mouth]. A genus of nematoid worms. S.
duodenale. Same as Ankylostoma duodenale.

Scleroth's cure (skla'-rot). The treatment of
pleuritic effusions by diet, i. e., the withdrawal of
fluids for the purpose of causing absorption of the
effusion.

sclerothrix (skle'-ro-thriks) [sclero-; 6pi^, hair].

1. Abnormal hardness of the hair. 2. Of Metchni-
koff, a genus of Mycobacteriacece included in Myco-
bacterium, Lehmann and Neumann.

sclerotic (skle-rot'-ik) [sclera]. 1. Hard; indurated.

2. Pertaining to the outer coat of the eye. 3. Re-
lated to or derived from ergot, s. coat. See sclera.

sclerotica (skle-rot'-ik-a). See sclera.

scleroticectomy (skle-rot-ik-ek'-to-me) [sclero-; Ik-
toplti, excision]. The removal of a part of the sclera.

scleroticochoroiditis (skle-rot-ik-o-ko-roid-i'-tis) ..
See sclerochoroiditis.

scleroticonyxis (skle-rot-ik-on-ik'-sis) . See scler-
onyxis.

scleroticopuncture (skle-rot-ik-o-punk'-tur). Same
as scleronyxis, q. v.

scleroticotomy (skle-rot-ik-ot'-o-me) [sclero-; ropi\r
a cutting]. Incision of the sclerotic.

sclerotidectomy (skle-rot-id-ek'-to-me). See scler-
onyxis.

sclerotis (skle-ro'-tis) [aic\rip6s, hard]. The ergot
of rye, q. v.

sclerotitic (skle-ro-tit'-ik) [sclero-; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Affected with sclerotitis. »

sclerotitis (skle-ro-W -tis) . See scleritis.

sclerotium (skle-ro'-she-um) [sclera]. A thick
mass of hyphse constituting a resting-stage in the
development of some fungi, as the ergot.

sclerotome (skle'-ro-tom) [sclero-; rkp.vtiv, to cut].
1. A knife used in sclerotomy. 2. A hard tissue
separating successive myotomes in certain of the
lower vertebrates. 3- The skeletal tissue of an
embryonic metamere.

sclerotomy (skle-rot'-o-me) [see sclerotome]. The
operation of incising the sclera, s., anterior, the
making of an incision through the sclera anterior
to the ciliary body, and entering the anterior chamber,
as is done in glaucoma, s., posterior, sclerotomy by
an incision through the sclera behind the ciliary
body, and entering the vitreous chamber.

sclerotonyxis (skle-ro-to-niks'-is) [sclero-; vv£isr
a pricking]. An operation for cataract formerly
practised, in which a broad needle was introduced
into the sclera, behind the ciliary region, passed
between the iris and the lens, and the latter depressed
into the vitreous.

sclerotrichia (skle-ro-trik'-e-ah) [sclero-; 0pi£, hair].
A harsh and dry state of the hair.

sclerous (skle'-rus) [a/cX^pos, hard]. Hard; in-
durated.

sclerozone (skle'-ro-zon) [sclero-; zone]. That
portion of the surface of a bone giving attachment
to the muscle derived from a given myotome.

sclopetarius (sklo-pel-a'-re-us) [L.]. Relating to a
gun. sclopetaria vulnera, gunshot wounds. Syn.r
sclopetica vulnera.

scobinate (sko'-bin-at) [scobus, a file]. Having a
rough surface.

scoleciform (sko-les'-if-orm) [emiX?^, a worm;.
forma, form]. Having the form or character of a.
scolex.

scolecitis (sko-le-si'-tis) [scclex; ir«, inflammation].
Appendicitis.

scolecoid (sko'-le-koid) [o-kwXt?ko€i5j7s, worm-like].
1. Vermiform. 2. Resembling a scolex.

scolecoidectomy (sko-le-koid-ek'-to-me). Removal'
of the vermiform appendix.

scolecoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) [scolex; eldos, like-
ness; irts, inflammation]. Appendicitis.

scolecology (sko-le-kol'-o-je). See helminthology.

scolectomy (sko-lek'-to-me). Appendicectomy.

scolex (sko'-leks) [o-KuXrf, a worm]. The head of
a tape-worm, giving rise to the chain of proglottides.

scolices (sko'-lis-ez). Plural of scolex.

scolicoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) . Gerster's name for
appendicitis.

scoliocoiditis (sko-le-o-koid-i'-tis). Nothnagel's
term for appendicitis.

scoliolordosis (sko-le-o-lor-do'-sis). Combined sco-
liosis and lordosis.

SCOLIOMA

789

SCROBICULUS

scolioma (sko-le-o'-mah). Curvature of the spine.
See scoliosis.

scoliometer, scoliosometer (sko-le-om'-et-er, sko-
le-o-som' -et-er) [<tko\u>s, bent; fikrpop, measure]. An
instrument for measuring the extent of a scoliosis.

scolioneirosis (sko-le-o-ni-ro'-sis) [oxoXios, bent;
6veip6s, a dream]. Oppressive, disagreeable dreaming.

scoliorrhachitic, scolioracbitic (sko-le-o-ra-kit'-ik)
[scoliosis; rachitis]. Pertaining to or produced by
scoliosis and rickets.

scoliosiometry (sko-le-o-se-om'-et-re) [scoliosis; fikr-
fiov, a measure]. The estimation of the degree of
deformity in scoliosis.

scoliosis (sko-le-o'-sis) [o-/coXi6s, curved]. A morbid
lateral curvature of the spine, s., cicatricial, scoli-
osis due to cicatricial contraction, such as occurs
after costal necrosis, s., empyematic, that due to
empyema, s., habit, scoliosis as a result of faulty
posture, s., inflammatory, scoliosis due to caries
of the vertebra?, s., myopathic, a form due to
paresis of the muscles of the spine, s., osteopathic,
spinal curvature caused by disease of the vertebrae.
s., paralytic, the same as s., myopathic, s., rhachitic,
spinal curvature due to rhachitis. s., rheumatic,
temporary scoliosis caused by rheumatism of the
muscles of the spine, s., sciatic, scoliosis in sciatica
with the convexity toward the affected side. Fre-
quently there is compensatory curvature higher up,
and the leg is slightly flexed and supported on the
toe. s., static, scoliosis as a result of inequality in
the length of the lower limbs.

scoliosometer (sko-le-os-om'-e-ter) [<tko\i6s, curved;
iikrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the
amount of deformity in scoliosis.

scoliotic (sko-le-ot'-ik) [scoliosis]. Pertaining to
or marked by scoliosis.

scoliotone (sko'-le-o-ton) [scoliosis; tovos, a stretch-
ing]. An apparatus for elongating the spine and
lessening the rotation in lateral curvature.

scolopsia (sko-lop'-se-ah) [o-k6\o^, anything point-
ed]. A suture between two bones having reciprocal
movement.

scombrin (skom'-brin) [Scomber, a genus of fishes].
A protamine obtained from mature spermatozoa of
mackerel.

scombron (skom'-bron). Bang's name for a histon
obtained from immature spermatozoa of mackerel.

scoop [AS., skopa]. An instrument resembling a
spoon, for the extraction of bodies from cavities, as
an ear-scoop, lithotomy-scoop.

scooper's pneumonia. The chronic form of
pneumonia occurring in grain-scoopers from exposure
to cold and dust.

scoparin (sko'-par-in) . See under scoparius.

scoparius (sko-pa'-re-us) [scopa, a broom]. The
Cytisus scoparius, a shrub of the order Leguminosce.
The dried tops constitute the scoparius of the U.
S. P. (scoparii cacumina, B. P.); they contain the
alkaloid sparteine, C15H26N2, and a neutral principle,
scoparin, C21H22O10. Scoparius is diuretic and ca-
thartic, these actions probably depending upon sco-
parin. Dose of the fluidextract 20-40 min. (1.3-2.6
Cc). For properties of spartein, see sparteine.

-scope (skop) [o-Koirelp, to examine]. A suffix,
signifying to see or examine; usually forming a part
of the name of some instrument.

scopola (sko'-po-lah) [after Giovanni Antonio
Scopoli, Italian naturalist and physician, 1723-1787].
The dried rhizome of Scopola carniolica. Dose 1-3
gr. (0.05-0.15 Gm.). The rhizomes of S. japonica and
5. carniolica contain the alkaloid scopolamine or
scopoleine, used as a mydriatic.

scopolamine, scopoleine (sko-pol'-am-en, sko-pol'-
e-in). The active principle of Scopola carniolica,
C17H22XO4, an alkaloid apparently identical with
hyoscine, used with morphine in producing anesthesia
by Schneiderlin's and Korff's method (see under
anesthetic, local), s. hydrobromide (scopolamine
hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), CirHoiXCuHBr, hygro-
scopic crystals, used as a mydriatic and sedative.
Externally in ophthalmology, TVi % solution;
subcutaneously for the insane, e&a -A gr. s. narco-
phine anesthesia. Same as twilight sleep, q. v.

scopolia (sko-po'-le-ah). See scopola.

scopomorphinism (sko-po-mor'-fin-izm). Associ-
ated chronic addiction to scopolamine and morphine.

scopophobia (sko-po-fo' -be-ah) [aKoirelv, to examine;
<t>6(ios, fear]. A morbid dread of being seen.

-scopy [aicoirelv, to examine]. A suffix denoting
inspection or examination.

scoracratia (sko-rak-ra'-she-ah) [oxcop, feces; aKparla,
want of conrtol]. Involuntary evacuation of the
bowels.

scorbutic (skor-bu'-iik) [scorbutus]. Pertaining to,
affected with, or caused by scorbutus or scurvy,
s. cancer. Synonym for cancrum oris.

scorbutus (skor-bu'-tus) [L.]. See scurvy. s.
alpinus. See pellagra, s. nauticus. See scurvy.
s. oris. See cancrum oris.

scordinema (skor-din-e'-mah). See pandiculation.

scoretemia, scoretaemia (skor-e-te'-me-ah). See
scatemia.

scotodinia (skot-o-din'-e-ah) [o-*6tos, darkness;
SZpos, a whirl]. Vertigo associated with the appear-
ance of black spots before the eyes.

scotogram (skot'-o-gram) [ctkotos, darkness; ypa^eiv,
to write]. See skiagram.

scotograph (skot'-o-graf) [<tk6tos, darkness; ypaxfreiv,
to write]. 1. An instrument for aiding the blind
to write. 2. A name given to the picture produced
by means of the so-called Roentgen-rays. See rays.
Roentgen-.

scotography (skot-og'-rcf-e). Skiagraphy.

scotoma (skot-o'-mah) [a-Korufia, darkness: pi.,
scotomata]. A dark spot in the visual field, s.,
absolute, scotoma with perception of light entirely

absent, s., annular. See

ring, s., central,

one limited to the region of the visual field corre-
sponding to the macula lutea. s., color-, color-
blindness limited to a part of the visual field, and
which may exist without interruption of the field
for white light, s., flittering. See 5. scintillans.
s., negative, a defect due to the destruction of the
retinal center, and which is not noticeable to the
patient, s., positive, a scotoma perceptible to the
patient as a dark spot before his eyes, s., relative,
a scotoma within which perception of light is only
partially impaired, s., ring-, a zone of scotoma
surrounding the center of the visual fie Id. s. scin-
tillans, s., scintillating, a scotoma with serrated
margins extending peripherally and producing a
large defect in the visual field. Syn., fortification-
spectrum.

scotomatous (skot-o'-mat-us). Pertaining to or
affected with scotoma.

scotometer (skot-om'-et-ur) [<tk6tos, darkness;
fikrpov, a measure]. 1. An instrument for detecting,
locating, and measuring scotomata. 2. An instru-
ment used in the detection of central scotomata.

scotoscopy (skot-os' -ko-pe) [<tkot6s, darkness; cko-
irelv, to inspect]. See retinoscopy.

scotosis (skol-o'-sis). See scotoma.

scototherapy (skot-o-ther'-ap-e) [o-kotos, darkness;
6epaireia, therapy]. The treatment of malaria and
other diseases by keeping the patient in a dark room
and in the intervals between the attacks of the disease
clothing him in garments impenetrable by light.

Scott's dressing, S.'s ointment. Compound
mercury ointment.

scourge (skerj) [ME., scourge, scourge]. 1. Any
severe epidemic disease of a fatal character. 2. To
strike the skin with light withs or with knotted
cords in order to produce counter-irritation.

scouring (skowr'-ing) [ME., scour en, to scour].
Purging; also, diarrhea, s. rush, the stalks of
Equisetum hyemale. Diuretic and astringent. Dose
of fldext. itr xx-3j. See equisetum.

scraper (skra'-per) [ME., scrapien, to scrape].
An instrument used to produce an abrasion, s.,
tongue, an instrument used to remove accumulations
of exfoliated epithelium and other foreign material
from the tongue.

scrattage (skrat-ahzj) [Fr.]. Ophthalmoxysis,
the oldest method of mechanical treatment of tra-
choma, the scratching out of the granules; revived
in 1890. Syn., brassage.

screatus (skre-a'-tus) [L.]. 1. A hawking. 2. A
neurosis characterized by paroxysms of hawking.

screw-worm. The larva of the fly Chrysomyia
macellaria. It is found in tropical America where
it may cause fatal results in man by burrowing into
the nasal or aural cavities.

scrivener's palsy. See writer's cramp.

scrobiculate (skro-bik'-u-lat) [scrobiculus, a little
ditch or trench]. Pitted or grooved. Possessing
minute or shallow depressions.

scrobiculus (skro-bik'-u-lus) [L.J. A small pit.
s. cordis, the depression at the epigastrium; the pit
of the stomach, s. variolas, a scar made by a small-
pox pustule.

SCROFULA

790

SEBASTOMANIA

scrofula (skrof-u-lah) [scrofa, a sow]. A term
formerly applied to a peculiar condition charac-
terized by enlargement of the lymphatic glands and
necrosis of the bones; it is at present considered a
form of tuberculosis.

scrofulelcosis {skrof-u-lel-ko'-sis) [scrofula; 1\ku-
o-is, ulceration]. Scrofulous ulceration.

scrofulide {skrof'-u-lld). See scrofuloderm.

scrofulism (skrof-u-lizm). The scrofulous dia-
thesis or condition.

scrofuloderm (skrof'-il-lo-derm) [scrofula; depua,
the skin]. A disease of the skin due to scrofula, and
generally characterized by superficial irregular ulcers
with undermined edges. The cause is probably the
tubercle bacillus.

scrofulome {skrof'-u-lom) [scrofula; 5fia, tumor].
A tumor of a supposed scrofulous nature or origin.

scrofulonychia (skrof-u-lo-nik'-e-ah) [scrofula; bvv£,
nail]. Onychia maligna.

scrofulophyma {skrof-u-lo-fi' -mah) [scrofula; <pvp.a,
growth]. Scrofuloderma tuberculosum. s. diffu-
sum, elephantiasis scrofulosa.

scrofulosis (skrof-u-lo'-sis) [scrofula]. The state
characterized by the presence of scrofula; a scrofulous
diathesis.

scrofulotuberculosis (skrof-u-lo-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis).
Attenuated tuberculosis.

scrofulous (skrof'-u-lus) [scrofula]. Having the
nature of, affected with, or produced by scrofula.

scroll (skrol) [ME., scrolle]. A roll of paper, or
anything folded so as to resemble a roll, s.-bone,
a turbinate bone, s.s, olfactory, the turbinate bones.

scrophularin (skrof-u-la'-rin). A principle ob-
tained by Walz from Scrophularia nodosa.

scrotal (skro'-tal) [scrotum]. Pertaining to or
contained in the scrotum, as scrotal hernia.

scrotitis (skro-ti'-tis) [scrotum; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the scrotum.

scrotocele (skro'-to-sel) [scrotum; k^X??, tumor].
Same as scrotal hernia.

scrotopexy (skro'-to-peks-e) [scrotum; irrjfa, a
fixing in]. Longuet's term for the preservation of
the scrotum which results from the extraserous
transplantation of the testicle in cases of varicocele.
Cf. orchidopexy ; vaginopexy.

scrotum (skro'-tum) [L.]. The pouch containing
the testicles, consisting of skin, dartos, spermatic
fascia, cremasteric fascia, infundibuliform fascia, and
parietal tunica vaginalis, s. cardis, the pericardium,
s., lymph, dilatation of the scrotal lymphatics, ele-
phantiasis of the scrotum.

scruff (skruf) [origin obscure]. A popular name
for the nape, or back of the neck.

scrumpox (skrum'-poks). A name used in England
among school-children for impetigo contagiosa.

scruple (skroo'-pl) [scrupulus, dim. of scrupus, a
sharp stone]. In apothecaries' weight, 20 grains;
represented by the sign 9.

scrupulosity (skroo-pu-los'-it-e) [scrupulosus, exact].
An over-precision, or morbid conscientiousness as
to one's thoughts, words, and deeds. It is some-
what common among insane persons of a certain
type.

sculcopin (skul'-ko-pin). The proprietary name
for a preparation of hydrastis and skull-cap, used
as a local astringent.

Scultetus' bandage (skul-te'-tus) [Johann Scultet,
German surgeon, 1 505-1645]. A bandage used in
compound fractures, so arranged that the short
pieces of which it is composed may be removed with-
out motion of the limb.

scurf (skerf) [AS.]. A bran-like desquamation
of the epidermis, especially from the scalp; dandruff.

scurvy (sker'-ve) [scurf]. A disease observed among
persons who have been deprived of proper food for a
length of time; it is characterized by spongy gums,
extravasations of blood beneath the skin, hemorrhages
from the mucous membranes, fetor of the breath,
and painful contractions of the muscles. It is
most common among sailors living on salt meats,
s. of the Alps, pellagra, s.-grass, Cochlearia offici-
nalis, a plant of the order Cruciferce, the properties
of which reside in a volatile^oil resembling oil of
mustard. It is used in scurvy and in chronic rheuma-
tism, s., land-. See purpura hemorrhagica.

scute {skut) [scutum, a shield]. A crescentic
plate forming the outer wall of the attic.

Scutellaria (sku-tel-a'-re-ah) [scutellum, a little
shield]. A genus of the Labiatae. The dried plant
of S. lateriflora, skullcap, is the Scutellaria of the

U. S. P., and is employed in neuralgia, chorea,
delirium tremens, and other nervous affections, s.,
fluidextract of (fluidextractum Scutellaria, U. S. P.).
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc).

scutellarin (sku-tel-ar'-in). 1. An impure precipi-
tate from an alcoholic tincture of Scutellaria. Dose
3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.). 2. C10H8O3. A nontoxic
principle derived from the root of Scutellaria lateri-
flora, forming flat yellow needles, soluble in alcohol,
ether, or alkalies, melting at iqq° C. It is used as a
tonic and sedative in nervous diseases. Dose I-4 gr.
(0.05-0.26 Gm.).

scutiform (sku'-tif-orm) [scutum, a shield]. Shield-
shaped, s. leaf, the first-formed leaf or cotyledon
in Salvinia, so named from its peculiar shape.

scutulate (sku'-tii-lat) [scutulum]. Shaped like a
lozenge. -

scutulum (sku'-tu-lum) [dim. of scutum, a shield].
Any one of the thin plates of the eruption of
favus.

scutum (sku'-tum) [scutum, a shield; pi., scuta],
1. A shield-like plate of bone. 2. The thyroid
cartilage. 3- The patella, s. cordis, the sternum,
s. genu, the patella, s. pectoris, the thorax, s.
thoracis, the sternum, s. tympanicum, the semi-
lunar plate or bone separating the attic of the tym-
panum from the outer mastoid cells.

scybala (sib'-al-ah). Plural of scybalum (q. v.).

scybalous (sib'-al-us) [scybalum]. Of the nature
of a scybalum.

scybalum (sib'-al-um) [<rKv(ia\ot>, fecal matter].
A mass of abnormally hard fecal matter.

scymnol (sim'-nol) [Scymnus, a » genus of sharks],
C27H46O5 or C32H54O6. An organic base obtained by
Hammarsten from the bile of sharks.

scyphoid (si'-foid or ski'-foid) [<tkv<j>os, a drinking-
cup]. Cup-shaped.

Scythian disease (sith'-e-an). Atrophy of the male
genital organs with loss of strength.

scythrospasmus (si-thro-spaz'-mus) [aKv6p6s, angry;
airaanos, spasm]. A heavy or fatigued expression,
regarded as an evil symptom in grave disease.

scytitis (jsi-ti'-tis) [otcuxos, skin; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the skin; dermatitis.

scytoblasta (si-to-blas'-tah). See scytoblastema.

scytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'-mah) [o-kvtos, skin;
pXavrrina, germ]. The primitive or embryonic stage
of the development of the skin.

scytoblastesis (si-to-blas-te'-sis) [vkvtos, skin; 0Xa<r-
rrina, germ]. The condition and progress of scyto-
blastema.

scytodephic, scytodepsic (si-to-de'-fik, si-to-dep'-
sik) [(tkvtos, a hide; b&l/eiv, to soften]. Relating to
tannin; tannic.

scytomorphosis (si-to-mor-fo'-sis) [anvros, skin;
tibp<puavs, shaping]. An abnormal development of the
skin.

Se. Chemical symbol of selenium.

seal (sel) [ME., seel, seal]. A body of water, or
other material, placed in the trap of a house-drain for
the purpose of preventing the ingress of sewer air.

seam (sem). See suture and raphe.

seamstress's cramp. A painful cramp affecting
the fingers of seamstresses; an occupation-neurosis
analogous to writer's cramp.

searcher (serch'-er). A sound used for. the detec-
tion of stone in the bladder.

sea-onion. See squill.

sea-sickness. A condition occurring in persons
aboard ship, produced by the rolling of the ship, and
characterized by vertigo, nausea, retching, and pros-
tration. A similar state may be induced by riding
in cars, elevators, etc.

sea-tangle. See laminaria.

seat-worm. See oxyuris.

sebaceofollicular (se-ba-se-o-fol-ik'-u-lar). Relating
to a sebaceous follicle.

sebaceous (se-ba'-shus) [sebum, fat]. Pertaining
to sebum; secreting sebum, s. crypt, sebaceous gland.
s. cyst, a cystic tumor formed by occlusion of the
duct of a sebaceous gland, with retention of the
secretion, dilatation, and thickening of the wall of the
gland. It contains a grayish-white cheesy material.
s. glands, s. follicles, compound saccular glands
associated with the hair-follicles, and secreting a
semifluid substance, the sebum, composed of oil-
droplets and broken-down epithelial cells.

sebadilla (seb-ad-il'-ah). See sabadilla.

sebastomania (se-bas-to-ma'-ne-ah) [aefiaaTos, re-
vered; navia, madness]. Religious insanity.

SEBIFEROUS

791

SEDENTARY

sebiferous (se-bif-er-us) [sebum, iat;ferre, to bear],
Same as sebiparous.

Sebileau's sublingual hollow (seb-il-o). A pyra-
midal area with its base upward, extending along
beneath the tongue, and formed by the oral mucosa
and the sublingual glands, the apex below at the point
where the mylohyoid muscle covers the geniohyoid.

sebiparous (seb-ip'-ar-us) [sebum; par ere, to pro-
duce]. Secreting sebum.

sebolith (seb'-o-lith) [sebum; \Ldos, a stone]. A
concretion in a sebaceous gland.

seborrhagia (seb-or-a'-je-ah). See seborrhea.

seborrhea, seborrhoea (seb-or-e'-ah) [sebum; poia,
a flow]. A functional disease of the sebaceous glands,
characterized by an excessive secretion of sebum,
which collects upon the skin in the form of an oily
coating or of crusts or scales, s. congestiva, lupus
erythematosus, s. capillitii, s. capitis, seborrhea of
the scalp, s. corporis, seborrhea of the trunk, s.
faciei, seborrhea of the face. s. flavescens. See
5. nasi. s. ichthyosis, a variety characterized by the
formation of large, plate-like crusts, s. nasi, sebo-,
rhea of the sebaceous glands of the nose. s. nigra,
s. nigricans, seborrhea with the formation of dark-
colored crusts, the coloration being usually from dirt,
s. oleosa, a form characterized by an excessive
oiliness of the skin, especially about the forehend
and nose. s. sicca, the commonest form of sebor-
rhea, characteiized by greasy, brownish-gray scales,

seborrheic, seborrhoic (seb-or-e'-ik, seb-or-o'-ik),

1. Affected with seborrhea. 2. One suffering with
seborrhea.

sebum (se'-bum) [L.]. 1. The secretion of the
sebaceous glands. 2. Suet; see also serum, s.
palpebrale, the dried glandular secretion of the eye-
lids, s. praeputiale, s. praeputii, smegma praeputii.

sec (sek) [Ft.]. Dry; said of bloodless surgical
operations.

secacornin {sek-ak-or'-nin) . A solution of the active
principles of ergot in water, glyceiin, and alcohol.

secale (se-ka'-le) [L.]. Rye. s. cereale, common
rye. s. cornutum. See ergot.

secalose (sek'-al-os). A carbohydrate from green
rye, soluble in water.

secemment, secerning (se-sern'-ment, se-sern'-
ing) [secernere, to separate]. Secreting; applied to
the function of a gland or a follicle.

secohm (sek' -dm) [secundus, following; ohm].
A unit of electric self-induction.

second intention. See under healing, s. nerve,
the optic nerve, s. sight. See clairvoyance.

secondaries (sek'-wn-da-rez) [secundus, second).
A name sometimes applied to the secondary symp-
toms of syphilis, in contradistinction from the
primaries.

secondary (sek'-un-da-re) [secundarius, from secun-
dus, second]. 1. Second in the order of time or
development, as the secondary lesions of syphilis.

2. Second in relation; subordinate; produced by a
cause considered primary, s. amputation, an am-
putation done after the subsidence of inflammatory
symptoms, s. cataract. See cataract, recurrent
capsular, s. coil, the coil of wire in which the in-
duced current is generated, s. degeneration (os
nerve-fibers), a degeneration following injury or
disease of the trophic centers, s. hemorrhage. See
hemorrhage, secondary.

secreta (se-kre'-tah) [secernere, to separate]. The
substances secreted by a gland, follicle, or other
organ; products of secretion.

secretogogue, secretagog (se-kre'-lag-og) [secretion;
6.yo>y6s, leading!. 1. Stimulating the secretory func-
tion. 2. An agent which stimulates secretion.

secrete (se-kref) [secernere, to separate]. To
separate; specifically, to separate from the blood,
or form out of materials furnished by the blood a
certain substance termed secretion.

secretin (se-kre'-tin) [see secrete]. A hormone
produced in the epithelial cells of the duodenum by
the contact of acid. It is absorbed from the cells
by the blood and excites the pancreas to activity;
it also stimulates the secretion of bile.

secreting (se-kre'-ting) _ [secernere, to sepaiate].
Effecting secretion, s. fringes, synovial fringes.

secretion (se-kre' -shun) [secrete]. 1. The act of
secreting or forming from materials furnished by the
blood a certain substance which is either eliminated
from the body or used in carrying on special functions,
2. The substance secreted, s. antilytic, the saliva
secreted by a submaxillary gland with intact nerves,

as distinguished from that which flows from a gland
which has had its nerves divided, s., external, a
secretion thrown out upon the external or internal
surface of the body, s., internal, a secretion that
is not thrown out upon a surface, but is absorbed
into the blood, s., menstrual, menstrual blood,
s., paralytic, the abnormal discharge from a gland
after section of its motor nerve, s., sebaceous, sebum.

secretodermatosis (se-kre-to-der-mat-o'-sis) [secretio,
a secretion; Sepua, skin; voaos, disease]. An affection
of the secretory apparatus of the skin.

secretomotor (se-kre' -to-mo' -tor) [secretio, a secre-
tion; motor, a mover]. Applied to nerves inter-
mediating the function of secretion.

secretory (se'-kre-to-re) [secretion]. Pertaining to
secretion; performing secretion, s. capillaries,
minute canaliculi into which gland-cells discharge
their secretion; they are simple or branched, some-
times anastomose, forming a network enveloping the
gland-cell, and open individually or united in a
single trunk into the lumen of the gland. They
occur in the fundus glands of the stomach, where the
capillary networks envelop the parietal cells, in the
liver, and in other glands, s. fibres, centrifugal
nerve-fibers exciting secretion.

sectile (sek' -til) [secare, to cut]. Capable of being
cut.

sectio (sek'-she-o) [L.]. See section, s. abdominis.
See celiotomy, s. agrippina, cesarean section, s.
alta, suprapubic cystotomy, s. cadaveris, an au-
topsy, s. caesarea, cesarean section, s. franconiana,
suprapubic cystotomy, s. lateralis, lateral lithot-
omy, s. mariana, s. mediana, median lithotomy,
s. nympharum, nymphotomy.

section (sek' -shun) [secare, to cut]. 1. The act
of cutting or dividing. 2. A cut; a cut surface.
s., abdominal. See celiotomy, s., cesarean. See
cesarean section, s.-cutter, a microtome, s., frontal,
a section dividing the body into dorsal and ventral
parts, s., occipital, a transverse section through
the middle of the occipital lobe, s., parietal, a
transverse vertical section through the ascending
parietal convolution, s., perineal, external urethrot-
omy without a guide, s.s, Pitres', a series of sec-
tions through the brain for postmortem examination,
s., sagittal, a section parallel with the sagittal suture,
and hence with the median plane of the body, and
serving to divide the body into equal parts.

sector (sek'-tor) [secare, to cut]. An area of a
circle included between two radii and an arc.

secundigravida (se-kun-de-grav'-id-ah) [secundus,
second; gravidus, pregnant]. A woman pregnant
the second time.

secundina (se-kun-di'-nah) [secundinus, from
secundus, second]. 1. Something following. 2. The
afterbirth, generally used in plural secundince;
see secundines. s. cerebri, the arachnoid and pia.
s. oculi, the middle coat of the choroid, s. uteri,
the chorion.

secundines (sek'-un-denz)'- [secundus, second].
The placenta, part of the umbilicus, and the mem-
branes discharged from the uterus after the birth
of the child.

secundipara (se-kun-dip'-ar-ah)' [secundus, second;
par ere, to bring forth]. A woman who has borne
two children (not twins).

secundiparity (se-kun-dip-ar'-it-e). The state cf
being a secundipara.

secundiparous (se-kun-dip'-ar-us). Having borne
two children.

secvLndum^artem^se-kun'-dum ar'-tem)J[L., "ac-
cording to'iart"]. In the approved, professional, or
official manner.

sedans (se'-danz) [L. •.^■p\.,~r sedantia]. Sedative; a
sedative medicine.

sedatin (sed'-at-in). See valeryl-phenetidin.

sedatine (sed'-at-en). See antipyrine.

sedation (se-da'-shun) [sedare, to soothe]. 1. A
state of. lessened functional activity. 2. The pro-
duction of a state of lessened functional activitv.

sedative (sed'-at-iv) [see sedation]. 1. Quieting
or lessening functional activity. 2. An agent lessen-
ing functional activity, s. salt, boric acid.

sedentaria (sed-en-ta'-re-ah) [L.; plural (neuter)
of sedentarius, sedentary], s. ossa, the ischia and
coccyx, the bones on which the body rests while in
a sitting posture.

sedentary (sed'-en-ta-re) [sedentarius; seder e, to
sit]. Occupied in sitting; sitting at one's work.
Pertaining to the habit of sitting.

SEDIMENT

792

SELECTION

sediment (sed'-im-ent) [sedimentum, from sedere,
to sit]. The material settling to the bottom of a
liquid.

sedimentation (sed-im-en-ta' 'shun) [sediment]. The
process of producing the deposition of a sediment,
especially the rapid deposition by means of a cen-
trifugal machine, s. test, Widal's reaction.

sedimentator (sed-i-ment'-at-or). A centrifugal
apparatus for producing a rapid deposit of the
sediment of urine.

sedimentum (sed-im-en' '-turn) [L.]. Sediment,
deposit, s. lateritium, brickdust deposit.

Sedlitz (sed'-litz). See Seidlitz.

sedox (se'-doks). A proprietary preparation used
as a dressing for wounds, etc.

Seebeck-Holmgren's test. See Holmgren's test.

seed (sed). i. A fertilized ovule or ovum, as the
egg of the silkworm-moth. 2. Seminal fluid; sperm
or milt. 3. Offspring, s.-coat, the testa or exterior
coat of the seed, s.-lac. See lac.

Seegen's dietetic regimen. A regimen for dia-
betics, consisting of meats of all kinds, eggs, corn,
vegetables, cheese, and gluten bread.

seehear (se'-her). Of W. Rollins, a stethoscope
fitted with a sound chamber and fluorescent screen
by means of which the heart and lungs are rendered
both visible and audible.

Seeligmueller's sign (za'-lik-mu-ler) [Otto Ludwig
Adolf Seeligmueller, German neurologist, 1837- ].
Mydriasis on the affected side in cases of neuralgia.

see-saw eczema. A form of eczema alternating
with some other disease.

Seessel's pocket (za'-sel) [A. Seessel, German em-
bryologist]. A slight depression in the epithelial
lining of the pharyngeal membrane of the embryo,
behind Rathke's hypophyseal pouch.

segestor (se-jes'-tor) [se, . self; gerere, to carry].
A proprietary embalming fluid, introduced into the
vessels of the cadaver by a syringe; so-called because
it has the alleged property of finding its way to all
parts of the dead organism.

Seglas' type of paranoia (sa-glah') [Jules Seglas,
French physician, 1856- ]. Psychomotor type
of paranoia.

segment (seg'-ment) [segmentum, from secare, to
cut]. 1. A small piece cut from the periphery of
anything; a part bounded by a natural or imaginary
line. 2. A natural division, resulting from segmen-
tation; one of a series of homologous parts, as a
myotome; the part of a limb between two consecutive
joints. A subdivision, ring, lobe, somite, or meta-
mere of any cleft or articulated body. s. of Bandl.
See Bandl's ring, s., interannular, the portion of a
nerve included between two consecutive nodes of
Ranvier. s., intermediate (of a cilium), the iso-
tropous, delicately striated portion of a cilium
between the cilium proper and its pedicle, s., lower
(of the uterus) , all that portion of the uterus situated
below the ring of Bandl. s.s, medullary, the in-
cisures of Schmidt and Lantermann, or oblique
markings in the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber.
s., primitive, Minot's word for a primitive division
of the vertebrate celom. s., pubic (of the pelvic floor) ;
this "consists of what extends from the symphysis
pubis to the anterior vaginal wall, inclusive of the
latter, and is chiefly made up of bladder." (D. B.
Hart.) s., Rivinian (of the tympanic ring), that
portion of the temporal bone between the two points
of attachment of its tympanic portion to its squamous
portion, s., sacral (of the pelvic floor), that portion
which "extends from the sacrum to the posterior
vaginal wall." (D. B. Hart.) s., Schmidt-Lanter-
mann's, the elongated pieces making up the medul-
lary substance of nerve-fibers, several pieces being
included within each internode. s. vertebra. 1. See
somatome. 2. The cusps of the heart-valves.

segmental (seg-men'-tal) [segment], 1. Pertaining
to a segment; made up of segments. 2. Undergoing
or resulting from segmentation, s. duct, the duct of
the pronephron. s. organs, a tubular structure found
in the embryos of amniotic animals, and comprising
the pronephron, the mesonephron, and the meta-
nephron.

segmentation (seg-men-ta' -shun) [segmentum, a
piece cut off]. The process of cleavage or division.
In embryology, the term is restricted by usage "to
the production of cells up to the period of develop-
ment when the two primitive germ-layers are clearly
differentiated and the first trace of organs is beginning
to appear." (Minot.) Merogenesis. s.-cavity, the

central space in the blastula stage of the segmenta-
tion of an ovum, s.-cells, homogeneous indifferent
cells formed by the repeated division of the fecundated
egg-cell, and which compose first of all the solid
mulberry germ. (Haeckel.) s., centro-lecithal, a
form of segmentation in which the spheres enclose a
central nutritive yolk, s., complete, holoblastic
segmentation, s. direct, amitosis, or direct cell-
division, s., discoidal, a form of segmentation in
which the germinal disc alone is involved, s.,
duplicative, segmentation peculiar to the gonococcus,
marked by an interval between the two segments.
s., free, cleavage of gymnoplasts. s., germ, seg-
mentation of the impregnated ovum, or of the first
embryonic segmentation-sphere, or blastosphere.
s., holoblastic, segmentation in which all the con-
tents of the ovum undergo cleavage, s., incomplete,
s., meroblastic, segmentation in which only a portion
of the contents of the ovum, the formative yolk,
undergoes cleavage, the other portion, or food-yclk,
being a reserve store of food for the developing em-
biyo. s., metameric, division of the embryo into
metameres. s.-nucleus. See under nucleus, s.,
partial. See s., incomplete, s., protovertebral,
division of the mesoblast on each side oi the noto-
chord into somites, or protovertebral. s., regular,
segmentation in which the spheres are equal in size
and symmetrically arranged, s.-sphere, one of the
cells of an ovum during the early stages of segmenta-
tion, s., total. See s., holoblastic. s., unequal, a
variety of segmentation, in which, after cleavage of
the ovum into four equal segments, the spheres of
one pole are smaller and more numerous than those
of the other.

segregator (seg'-re-ga-tor) [segregare, to separate].
An instrument by means of which urine from each
kidney may be secured without danger of admixture.

Seguin's signal symptom [Edouard Seguin, French
alienist, 1812-1880]. The initial convulsion of an
attack of Jacksonian epilepsy, which indicates the
seat of the cortical lesion.

S,eidel's reaction for inosite (si'-del). Evaporate
to dryness a little of the substance in a platinum
crucible with nitric acid of specific gravity 1.1-1.2,
and treat the residue with ammonia and a few drops
of a solution of strontium acetate. If inosite is
present, a green color and a violet precipitate are
obtained.

' Seidlitz powder (sid'-litz). Pulvis effervescens
compositus.

Seiler's cartilage (si'-ler). A small cartilaginous
rod attached to the vocal process of the arytenoid
cartilage. It is more developed in the female than
in the male.

seisesthesia (si-zes-the' -ze-ah) [o-eum, a concussion;
at<rOrj<ris, sensation]. Perception of concussion.

seismotherapy (sis-mo-ther'-ap-e). [<re«rn6s, a shak-
ing; deponrela, therapy]. The therapeutic use of
mechanical vibration; vibrotherapeutics. Syn., shak-
ing cure.

seizure (sez'-ur) [ME., seisen, to seize]. The
sudden onset of a disease or an attack. In surgery,
the grasping of a part to be operated upon.

sejunction (se-junk'-shun) [sejungere, to disunite].
In psychology the interruption of the continuity of
association-complexes, tending to break up person-
ality.

sel [Fr.]. Salt. s. alembroth, a solution of mer-
curic chloride and ammonium chloride, each gr. x,
in one pint of distilled water, s. amarum, s. amer,
magnesium sulphate, s. ammonia, s. ammoniac, s.
ammoniacum, ammonium chloride, s. ammoniac
martial, ammonia-chloride of iron. s. de Chrestien,
gold and sodium chloride, s. commune, s. culinare,
sodium chloride, s. digestif, potassium chloride,
s. digestif de Vichy, sodium bicarbonate, s. d'Ep-
som, magnesium sulphate, s. de Figuier. See s. de
Chrestien. s. de Glauber, sodium sulphate, s. de
Perse, sodium borate, s. de saturne, lead acetate,
s. secret de Glauber, ammonium sulphate, s. de
Seidlitz, magium sulphate, s. de Seignette, potas-
sium and sodium tartrate, s. de soude, sodium
carbonate, s. vegetale, potassium tartrate.

selection (se-lek'-shun) [seligere, to choose]. The
act of choosing, s., artificial, the artificial choice,
definitely planned, of such forms of animals or plants
as will by differentiation develop and reproduce
given or desired characteristics, s., natural, the
selective action of external conditions, whereby
characters favorable to the species of animal or plant

SELECTOR

793

SEMINIFEROUS

are preserved, s., physiological, the selection of those
varieties, the individuals of which are fertile among
themselves, but sterile or less fertile with other
varieties and with the parent stock, s., sexual,
the selection produced by preferences of the one
sex for a member of the other sex in some way
specially endowed.

selector (se-lek'-tor) [selection], A device for
selecting or separating, s., cell-, an appliance for
regulating the current strength in galvanic electricity.
A good selector must admit of an increase or a decrease
of electromotive force through the introduction of
one cell at a time; it must permit of such increase or
decrease without producing any interruption in the
flow of the current. All selectors are constructed
upon one of three principles: the crank, the rider,
or the plug system.

selene (se-le'-ne) [<re\rjvr], moon]. The white spot
sometimes^ occurring on the finger-nails. Cf. lunula.

seleniasis (sel-en-i'-as-is) [o-eX^, moon]. Lunacy;
epilepsy; somnambulism.

seleniate (sel-en'-e-at). A salt of selenic acid.

selenic {se-len'-ik) [selenium]. A compound con-
taining selenium combined directly with three
atoms of oxygen, s. acid, JkSeCU, a dibasic acid
resembling sulphuric acid in its properties.

seleniferous (sel-en-if'-er-us) [selenium; ferre, to
bear]. Containing selenium.

selenin B (sel'-en-in) [selenium]. The active toxic
element in cultures of Diplococcus semilunaris.

selenite (se'-len-lt) [selenium], i. A salt of selenous
acid. 2. A translucent form of calcium sulphate.

selenitic (se-len-it'-ik). Containing selenite.

selenium (se-le'-ne-um) [o-eX^, the moon], Se =
79.2: usually bivalent, sometimes quadrivalent or
hexivalent. A rare element resembling sulphur in
its properties.

selenogamia (sel-en-o-gam' -e-dh) [aek-qvri, the moon;
yafios, marriage]. Somnambulism.

selenoplegia (sel-e-no-ple'-je-ah) [aeK^V, moon;
7tXt7717, stroke]. A kind of apoplexy said to be
caused by exposure to the moon's rays.

selenoplexia (sel-e-no-pleks'-e-ah). See selenople-
gia.

selenopyrine (sel-en-o-pi'-rin). A reaction product
of potassium selinide with a so-called antipyrine
chloride.

self. Same; identical; own; personal, s.-abuse.
See masturbation, s. -differentiation, the theory that .
cells control themselves; that is to say, the fate of the
cells is determined by forces situated within them,
and not by external influences, s.-digestion. See
autodigestion. s. -fertilization, fertilization of a
flower by its own pollen, s.-heal, Prunella vulgaris;
heal all; a perennial herb growing in North America,
Europe, and Asia, s.-incasement, a condition in
which the small intestine is inclosed, as in a pouch,
between the layers of the mesentery, s.-infection,
the spread of infectious material from a circumscribed
area to others or to the entire organism, s. -inflation,
a process by which a person in danger of drowning
may render himself buoyant. After having made
a puncture in the mucous membrane of the mouth,
at the reflection of the cheek from the lower jaw,
air is forced into the subcutaneous tissue of the
neck by vigorous blowing efforts with the mouth and
nose closed, s.-limited, a term applied to certain
diseases, which even without treatment run a definite
course within a given time, s.-pollution. See
masturbation, s.-repositor, pneumatic, a curved
and bulbous glass tube used at bed-time for the
reposition of the displaced uterus, the instrument
being used by the patient, and operated by air-
pressure, s.-suggestion. See autosuggestion, s.-
suspension, suspension of the body for the purpose
of stretching or making extension on the vertebral
column: see suspension, s.s, axillocephalic, suspen-
sion by the axillae and the head, s.s, cephalic,
suspension by the head.

sella (sel'-ah) [L.]. A saddle, s. turcica, the
pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone lodging the
pituitary body.

sellanders, sellenders (sel'-an-derz, sel' -en-derz)
[origin obscure]. A kind of eczema occurring on
the tarsus of the horse. See mallenders.

Selters, Seltzer water (sel'-ters, sells' -er). An
effervescent mineral water obtained at Selters in
Prussia.

semeiography (sem-i-og'-ra-fe) [crrjuelov, sign; -ypd</>-
«f, to write]. Symptomatology.

semeiology (sem-i-ol'-o-je) [o-qneiov, sign; \6yos,
discourse]. Symptomatology.

semeiotic (sem-i-ot'-ik) [aij^ov, sign]. Pertaining
to symptoms.

semeiotics (sem-i-ot'-iks) [see semeiotic]. Sympto-
matology.

semelincident (sem-el-in'-sid-ent) [semel, once;
incidere, to happen]. Happening only once in. the
same person, as a semelincident disease.

semen (se'-men). 1. A seed. 2. The fecundating
fluid of the male, chiefly secreted by the testicles,
composed of liquor seminis, seminal granules, oil-
globules, and spermatozoa, s. contra, wormseed.

semenuria. See seminuria.

semester (se-mes'-ter) [semestris, half yearly; sex,
six; mensis, month]. A period of six months.

semi- (sem-i-) [L.]. A prefix denoting half .

semiarticulate (sem-e-ar-tik'-u-lat) [semi-; articulus,
a joint]. Loose-jointed.

semicanal (sem-e-kan-aV) [semi-; canal], A canal
open on one side; a sulcus or groove.

semicanalis (sem-e-kan-a'-lis). See semicanal.
s. humeri, the bicipital groove, s. nervi vidiani, the
groove on the temporal bone for the passage of the
Vidian nerve, s. tensor tympani, a depression situ-
ated close to the hiatus of Fallopius in the anterior
wall of the tympanum. The tendon of the tensor
tympani is transmitted through an aperture at its
apex. s. tubee Eustachii. See sulcus tuba Eustachii.
s. tympanicus, the tympanic canal.

semicartilaginous (sem-ik-ar-til-aj'-in-us) [semi- ;
cartilago, gristle]. Gristly; partially cartilaginous.

semicircular (sem-e-sir'-ku-lar) [semi-; cir cuius, a
circle]. Having the form of a half-circle, s. canals.
See under ear.

semiconscious (sem-ik-on'-shus) [semi-;^ conscius,
knowing]. Half-conscious; partially conscious.

semicordate (sem-e-kor'-dat) [semi-; cor, the heart].
Shaped like the half of a heart that has been divided
longitudinally.

semicretin (sem-e-kre'-tin) [semi-; cretin], A person
having a form of cretinism in which the rudiments
of language have been developed. Intellection
reaches only to the most ordinary bodily wants.

semicretinism (sem-e-kre'-tin-izm). The condition
of being a semicretin.

semidecussation (sem-e-de-kus-a'-shun). Partial
decussation.

semiflexion (sem-e-flek'-shun) [semi-; flexion, a
flexion]. A posture half-way between flexion and
extension.

semiglutin (sem-e-gloo' -tin) , C55H85N17O22. A deriva-
tive of gelatin resembling a peptone.

semilunar (sem-e-lit'-nar) [semi-; luna, moon].
Resembling a half -moon in shape, s. bone, one of
the carpal bones, s. cartilages, two interarticulating
cartilages of the knee. s. fold, the conjunctival
folding at the inner canthus. s. ganglia. See
ganglia, s. lobe, a lobe on the upper surface of the
cerebellum, s. notch, a notch in the scapula through
which the suprascapular nerve passes, s. space of
Traube, that portion of the left inferior anterior
thoracic region corresponding to the tympanitic
resonance of the stomach, s. valves. See valves.

semilunare (sem-e-loo-na'-re) [L.]. Semilunar.
The semilunar bone of the carpus.

semiluxation (sem-e-luks-a'-shun) [semi-; luxus, a
luxation]. Subluxation.

semimembranosus (sem-e-mem-bra-no'-sus). See
muscles, table of.

semimembranous (sem-e-mem'-bra-nus). Partly
membranous, as the semimembranous muscle (semi-
membranosus). See under muscle.

seminal (sem'-in-al) [semen]. Pertaining to the
semen, s. cyst, a cyst of the spermatic cord or testi-
cle containing semen, s. fluid, semen (2). s.
vesicle. See vesicle, seminal.

seminalism (sem'-in-al-izm) [seminalis, relating
to seed; primary]. A vitalistic theory proposed by
Bouchet, of Paris, which teaches that the vital forces
of man and beasts are totally distinct and that
beasts have an intelligence of instinct and man one
of abstraction.

semination (sem-in-a'-shun) [seminatin, a sowing].
The intromission of semen into the uterus or vagina.

seminervosus (sem-in-er-vo'-sus) . See semi'endi-
nosus.

seminiferous (sem-in-tf'-er-us) [semen; ferre, to
carry]. Producing or carrying semen, as the semi-
niferous tubules of the testic'e.

SEMINIFIC

794

SENSATION

seminific (sem-in-if -ik) [semen, semen; facere, to
make]. Producing semen.

seminormal (sem-i-nor' -mat) [semi-; norma, rule].
Half-normal, s. solution, one containing in solution
half the quantity of the substance contained in the
normal solution.

seminuria (sem-in-u'-re-ah) [semen, seed; olpov,
urine]. The discharge of semen in the urine.

semiography. See semeiography.

semiology (se-me-ol'-o-je). t See semeiology.

semiotic (se-me-ot'-ik). See semeiotic.

semiplegia (sem-ip-le'-je-ah). See hemiplegia.

semipronation (sem-ip-ro-na'-shun) [semi-; pro-
natus, prone]. The assumption of a semipione, or
partly prone position; an attitude of semisupination.

semiprone (sem'-ip-ron) [semi-; promts, bent].
Hair prone, s. posture. See positions, table of.

semiptosis (sem-ip-to'-sis) [semi-; irrua-is, a falling].
Paitial ptosis.

semis (se'-mis) [I..]. Half; abbreviated in pre-
scriptions to ss, which is placed after the sign indi-
cating the measure.

semisideratio (sem-is-id-er-a'-she-o). Synonym of
hemiplegia.

semisomnis (sem-e-som'-nis) [semi-; somnus, sleep].
Coma.

semisomnous (sem-e-som'-nus). Relating to a
comatose condition.

semisoporus (sem-e-so'-por-us) [semi-; sopor, sleep].
Coma.

semispmalis (sem-e-spi-na'-lis). See under muscle.

semissis (sem-is'-is) [L.]. One-half. See semis.

semisulcus (sem-e-sul'-kus). A half sulcus which,
uniting with another sulcus, forms a complete sulcus.

semisupination (sem-is-u-pin-a' -shun) [semi-; supi-
nare, to bend backward]. The assumption of a
position half-way between supination and pronation.

semitendinosus (sem-it-en-din-o'-sus). See mus-
cles, table of.

semitendinous (sem-e-ten' '-din-us) . Partly tendi-
nous, as a semitendinous muscle {semitendinosus).
See under muscle.

semitertian (sem-it-er '-shan) [semi-; tertius, third].
Partly tertian and partly quotidian (applied to
intermittent feveis).

semivalent (sem-iv'-al-ent) [semi-; valere, to be
able]. Of one-half the normal valency.

Semon's law [Sir Felix Semon, English laryn-
gologist, 1849- ]. In progressive organic lesions
of the motor laryngeal nerves, the cricoarytenoidei
postici — the abductors of the vocal cords — are the
fhst, and sometimes the only, muscles affected. S.'s
symptom, impaired mobility of the vocal cords in
carcinoma of the larynx.

Semon-Rosenbach's law. See Semon's law.

sempules (sem'-puls). Suppositories shaped like
a dumb-bell. It is said that this shape renders them
more easy of introduction, and also more liable
to remain in situ until they are absorbed.

senalbin (sen-al'-bin), C30H44N2S2O16. A glucoside
found in white mustard, Brassica alba.

senecin (sen'-es-in). 1. An oleoresin from Senecio
gracilis and 5. vulgaris; it is emmenagogue, emetic,
and astringent. 2. A proprietary elixir of Senecio
jacobcea, recommended as an emmenagogue; it must
not be confounded with the oleoresin of senecio.

Senecio (se-ne'-se-o) [senex, an old man]. Ground-
sel, a genus of composite-flowered plants, said to
contain 960 species, many of them medicinal. S.
aureus is the common liferoot. S. canicida, yerba
del Puebla, a Mexican species, is diuretic and is
recommended in treatment of epilepsy. 5. cineraria
is a species of South America; the fresh juice of the
leaves, stems, and flowers is recommended in treat-
ment of capsular and lenticular cataracts and other
diseases of the eye. 5. gracilis is a slender species,
generally regarded as a variety of S. aureus. S.
jacobcea, ragwoit or ragweed, is tonic and astringent.

senectus (se-nek'-tus) [senex, old]. Old age.

senega (sen'-e-gd) [L.]. The Poly gala senega, a
plant of the Polygalea. Its root is official (.senega,
U. S. P.; senega radix, B. P.); it contains a bitter
principle, senegin or polygalic acid (or polygalin),
which is probably identical with saponin. It is
used as a stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic; in
large doses it is emetocathartic. It is chiefly em-
ployed in bronchitis and laryngitis, as a diuretic in
dropsy, and in amenorrhea. Dose 10-20 gf. (0.65-
1.3 Gm.); of the infusion 1 oz. (30 Cc). s., fluid-
extract of (fluidextr actum senegce, U. S. P.). Dose

10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). s., syrup of (syrupus
senegce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). s.,
tincture of (tinctura senegce, B. P.). Dose 1 dr.
(4 Cc).

senegin (sen'-e-jin), C32H52O17 (Hesse). Polygallic
acid, a saponin-like glucoside from senega; it is a
yellowish powder, soluble in water; used as an
expectorant and diuretic. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-
0.13 Gm.).

senescence (se-nes'-ens) [senex, old]. The con-
dition or time of growing old. Senility.

seng. A proprietary digestant said to be derived
from ginseng, Aralia quinquefolia.

senile (se'-nil) [senilis; from senex, old]. Pertain-
ing to or caused by old age. s. gangrene. See
gangrene.

senilis (se-ni'-lis) [L.]. Old; pertaining to old
age.

senilism (se'-ni-lizm) [senile]. A condition of
prematurity. See progeria. Cf. ateleiosis; infan-
tilism.

senility (sen-il'-it-e) [senile]. The state of being
senile; the weakness of body and mind characteristic
of old age.

seniocine (sen-i'-o-sin). An alkaloid obtained
from Senecio vulgaris and 5. jacobcea.

senki. A disease resembling lepra and associate
with colic, described by Kompfer in 17 13 as peculiar
to Japan.

Senn's bone-plates [Nicholas Senn, American
surgeon, 1844-1908]. Plates of decalcified bone
used in intestinal anastomosis. S.'s test, the intro-
duction of hydrogen gas into the bowel through the
rectum, for the detection and, localization of an
abnormal opening.

senna (sen' -ah) [Ar., sena]. The leaflets of various
species of Cassia, a genus of the order Leguminosce.
Senna of the U. S. P. is derived from. Cassia acutifolia;
that of the B. P. is of two varieties — Alexandrian
senna, from Cassia acutifolia, and East India or
Tinnevelly senna, from Cassia angustifolia. Deresi-
nate senna is that from which the resin has been
removed by maceration in alcohol to prevent griping.
Senna contains cathartic acid, a glucoside repre-
senting the purgative properties of senna, the bitter
principles sennapicrin and sennacrol, and a coloring-
matter, chrysophan. Senna is used as a purgative,
generally in combination with an aromatic to pre-
vent griping. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). s., compound
infusion of (infusum sennce compositum, U. S. P.),
black draught, contains senna, manna, and mag-
nesium sulphate. Dose 4 oz. (128 Cc). s., con-
fection of (confectio senna, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose
2 dr. (8 Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextractum
sennce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). s.,
syrup of (syrupus sennce, U. S. P., B. P. Dose
1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). s., tincture of (tinctura sennce,
B. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc).

sennacrol (sen'-ak-rol) . See under senna.

sennapicrin (sen-ap-ik'-rin) . See under senna.

sennatin (sen'-at-in). A preparation of senna
leaves used as a cathartic, but administered by
subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.

sennin (sen' -in) [Nicholas Senn, American surgeon,
1844-1908]. A proprietary antiseptic preparation
described as a chemically pure product of boric acid,
iodine and phenol. It is a fine, white powder, odor-
less, slightly astringent, and of sweetish taste.

sennit (sen' -it), C21H44N19. A nonfermentable
sugar found in senna, occurring in soluble warty
crystals. Syn., cathartomannite.

sensation (sen-sa'-shun) [sensatio, from sentire,
to feel]. A feeling or impression produced by the
stimulation of an afferent nerve, s., correlative,
stimulation of the cerebrum by a sensation carried
by a single sensory nerve, s., cutaneous, a sensation
produced through the medium of the skin, s.,
eccentric, the conception of locality, s., external,
a sensation transmitted from a peripheral sense-
organ, s., general. See subjective sensation, s.,
girdle, girdle-pain, s., internal. See subjective
sensation, s., objective, an external sensation
due to some objective agency, s.s, psychovisual,
sensations of sight without the stimulation of the"
retina; visions, s., radiating. See s., secondary (1).
s., secondary. 1. Mueller's name for the excitement
of one sensation by another or the extension of
morbid sensations in disease to unaffected parts.
2. A sensation of one type attending a sensation of
another type. Cf. audition coloree. s., special,

SENSE

795

SEPTIC

any sensation produced by the special senses, s.,
subjective. See subjective sensation, s., tactile,
one produced through the sense of touch, s., trans-
ference of, clairvoyance.

sense (sens) [sensus, from sentire, to feel]. I. Any
one of the faculties by which stimuli from the ex-
ternal world or from within the body are received and
transformed into sensations. The faculties receiving
impulses from the external world are the senses of
sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, which are
the special senses, and the muscular and temperature-
sense. Those receiving impulses from the internal
organs (visceral senses) are the hunger-sense, thirst-
sense, and others. 2. A sensation, s.-body, a
peripheral sense-organ, s.-capsule, the hollow
cup-like receptacle of a peripheral sense-organ, s.-
club. See rhopalium. s.-epithelium, a tract of
epithelium having some specialized function of sensa-
tion, s.-filament, the thread-like peripheral termina-
tion of a sensory nerve, s.-scale. See squama
rhopalaris. s.-seta, the bristle-like termination of a
peripheral sensory nerve-fiber, s.-shock, a condition
observed in hysterical women and overworked men,
and occurring at the moment of waking from sleep.
A sensation like an aura rises from the feet or hands,
and, passing upward to the head, disappears in the
sense of a blow or shock, or of a bursting in the head.
It is of no serious significance.

sensibilin (sen'-sib-il-in). A specific antibody
derived from sensibilisinogen; toxogenin.

sensibilisinogen (sen-sib-il-is-in'-o-jen). One of
the substances in an antigen; it produces a specific
antibody called sensibilisin.

sensibility (sen-sib-il'-it-e) [see sense]. 1. The
ability to receive and feel impressions. 2. The
ability of a nerve or end-organ to receive and trans-
mit impulses, s., organic, the capability of trans-
mitting and receiving impressions without being
conscious of them (Bichat). s., range of. See
Fechner's law. s., recurrent, Longet's and Magen-
die's term for the sensibility observed in the anterior
roots of the spinal nerves, which appeared to be
dependent on the posterior root, and not inherent,
like the sensibility of the posterior root itself. The
existence of recurrent sensibility was denied by
Longet. s., transference or externalization of. See
sensitivization.

sensibilizer (sen' -sib-il-i-zer) [see sense]. A sub-
stance which, acting as a chemical screen, conduces
to synthesis or other chemical processes.

sensible (sen'-si-bl) [sense, to feel]. Perceptible
by the senses, as sensible perspiration; capable of
receiving an impression through the senses; endowed
with sensation.

sensiferous (sen-sif-er-us) [sensus, sense; ferre,
to bear]. Conveying a sensation, or sense-impression.

sensigenous (sen-sij'-en-us) [sensus, sense, gignere,
to produce]. Giving rise to a sensory impulse.

sensitive (sen'-sit-iv) [sensitivus]. 1. Capable of
feeling; capable of transmitting sensation. 2. Re-
acting to a stimulus, s. soul (of Stahl), the immortal
principle.

sensitization (sen-sit-i-za'-shun) . The rendering of
a cell liable to destruction by a complement, through
the action of a specific amboceptor.

sensitized (sen' -sit-izd) . Rendered sensitive.

sensitizer (sen-sit-i'-zer). Bordet's name (1899)
for the intermediary body of Ehrlich. Syn. , substance
sensibilisatrice. See amboceptor.

sensomobile (sen-so-mo'-bil) [sensus, feeling; mobi-
lis, movable]. Moving in response to stimulation.

sensomobility (sen-so-mo-bil'-it-e). The capacity
for movement in response to a sensory stimulus.

sensomotor (sen-so-mo'-tor). Sensorimotor.

sensorial (sen-so'-re-al) [sensorium]. Pertaining to
the sensorium.

sensoriglandular (sen-so-r e- gland' -u-lar) . Causing
glandular action by stimulation of the sensory nerves.

sensorimetabolism (sen-so-re-met-ab'-ol-izm). Met-
abolism resulting from stimulation of the sensory
nerves.

sensorimotor (sen-so-r e-mo' -tor) [sensus, feeling;
motor]. Both sensory and motor; concerned with
the perception of sensory impulses and with motor
impulses, s. Centers, centers that are concerned
both with the perception of sensation and with
motor impulses.

sensorimuscular (sen-so-re-mus'-ku-lar). Produc-
ing muscular action in response to stimulation of the
sensory nerves.

sensorium (sen-so'-re-um) [L.]. A center for sensa-
tions, especially the part of the brain concerned
in receiving and combining the impressions con-
veyed to the individual sensory centers, s. com-
mune, a portion of the cerebral cortex dominating
the sensory impulses.

sensorivolitional (sen-so-r iv-o-lish'-un-aV) [sensus,
sense; volitio, willing]. Pertaining to or concerned
in sensation and volition.

sensory (sen'-so-re) [sensus, feeling]. Pertaining
to or conveying sensation, s. aphasia. See under
aphasia, s. aura, an aura affecting the special senses.
s. crossway, the posterior third of the posterior
limb of the internal capsule, where the afferent fibers
conveying sensory impulses cross to the opposite
side. s. decussation, the superior pyramidal decus-
sation, s. epilepsy, various disturbances of sensation
occurring in paroxysms that replace the epileptic
convulsion, s. nerve, one that conveys sensations
from the periphery to the centers.

sensualism (sen'-shoo-al-izm) [sensus, sense]. The
condition or character of one who is controlled by
the animal passions.

sensus (sen'-sus) [L.]. Sense; feeling, s. com-
munis, the state of the consciousness or sense of
normal sensations at any one time.

sentient (sen' -she-ent) [sentire, to feel]. Having
sensation; capable of feeling.

sentina (sen-ti'-nah) [L., "the hold of a ship"].
The epiphysis cerebri.

sentinal-pile. The thickened wall of the anal
pocket at the lower end of an anal fissure.

sentisection (sen-tis-ek'-shun) [sentire, to feel;
sectio, section]. Painful vivisection; vivisection of
an animal not under the influence of anesthetics.

separator (sep'-ar-a-tor) [separare, to separate].
1. Anything that separates, especially an instrument
for separating the teeth. 2. An instrument for
detaching the pericranium or periosteum. 3. An
appliance for preventing the urine from the two
ureters from mixing in the bladder.

separatorium (sep-ar-a-to'-re-um) [separare, to
separate]. In pharmacy, a strainer. In surgery,
an instrument for separating the pericranium from
the skull.

sepedogenesis (se-ped-o-jen'-e-sis) [sepedon; ~i&>vav,
to produce]. Putrescence.

sepedon (se'-ped-on) [a-hireiv, to be rotten]. Putri-
dity.

sepia (se'-pe-ah) [(r-nina, the cuttle fish]. 1. The
ink or black secretion of the common cuttle-fish;
used as a pigment. 2. See sepiost.

sepiost (se'-pe-ost) [arjiria, the cuttle-fish; barkov,
bone]. The endoskeleton of the cuttle-fish (sepia);
cuttle-fish bone, sepium, is sometimes prescribed as
an antacid and used in dentifrices.

sepium (se'-pe-um) [ay\iziov, the bone of the cuttle-
fish]. Same as sepiost.

sepsine (sep'-sen) [sepsis], A poisonous ptomaine
obtained from decomposed yeast and blood.

sepsis (sep'-sis) [o-^i/as, putrefaction]. A state of
poisoning produced by the absorption of putrefactive
substances, s., gas, a septic condition due to the
gas bacillus, Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. s.,
puerperal, sepsis occurring after childbirth, from
absorption of putrefactive products from the par-
turient canal.

sepsometer (sep-som' -et-ur) . See septometer (2).

septa (sep'-tah). Plural of septum.

septal (sep'-tal) [septum, septum]. Pertaining to a
septum, s. gland. See under gland.

septan, (sep '-tan) [se^em, seven]. Recurring every
seventh day, as septan fever.

septate (sep'-tat) [septum, a fence]. Possessing
septa or partitions.

septectomy (sep-tek'-to-me) [septum; Ihtom, exci-
sion]. Excision of part of the nasal septum.

septemia, septaemia, septhemia (sep-te'-me-ah,
sep-the'-me-ah). See septicemia.

septentrionaline (sep-ten-tre-on'-al-en). An alka-
loid obtained from Aconitum lycoctonum. It is a
sensory paralyzant, resembling curara; it has been
suggested as a local and general anesthetic, and is
used as an antidote to strychnine and in treatment
of tetanus and hydrophobia.

septic (sep'-tik) [sepsis]. Relating to sepsis.
Pertaining to or produced _ by putrefaction, s.
fever, septicemia, s. intoxication, a form of poisoning
resulting from the absorption of products of putre-
faction, s. tank, in sewage treatment a large closed

SEPTICEMIA

796

SERIES

chamber through which the sewage is allowed to pass
slowly. Cf. contact-bed.

septicemia, septicaemia (sep-te-se'-me-ah) [sepsis;
alfia, blood]. An infection characterized by the
presence in the blood of bacteria; clinically the term
is also used to include toxemia, whether or not there
is invasion of the blood by bacteria, s., bacillar, of
chickens, a disease of chickens described by Fuhr-
mann as due to a specific bacillus belonging to the
colon group, s., goose, a rapidly fatal disease of
geese due to a specific microbe. The infection takes
place by way of the mucosa of the head, s., mouse,
a form of septicemia occurring in mice and pro-
duced by Bacillus murisepticus. It is usually fatal
in from 40 to 60 hours, the animal early becoming
apathetic, s., phlebitic. See pyemia, s., rabbit,
a form of septicemia occurring in rabbits and due to
Bacillus septicemia hamorrhagica or bacillus of
chicken cholera, s., sputum, a form of septicemia
produced by inoculation with microorganisms found
in sputum, especially the pneumococcus.

septicemic, septicasmic (sep-te-sem'-ik or sep-te-se'-
mik) [septicemia]. Pertaining to or affected with
septicemia.

septicine (sep'-tis-in) [septic]. A ptomaine ob-
tained^ from decaying flesh.

septicogenic (sep-tik-o-jen'-ik) [septic; yewav, to
produce]. Applied to a group of microorganisms
established by Cohn producing ordinary putre-
faction as distinguished from that which produces
disease. Cf. pathogenic.

septicophlebitis (sep-tik-o-fleb-i'-tis). Phlebitis due
to septic poisoning.

septicopyemia, septicopyaemia (sep-tik-o-pi-ef-me-
ah) [septicemia; pyemia]. Combined septicemia and
pyemia, s., primary, that in which the general
infection is produced by the same bacteria as those
causing the primary lesion, s., secondary, that in
which the general infection is due to other bacteria
than those causing the primary lesion.

septicopyemic (sep-tik-o-pi-e~'-mik). Pertaining to
septicopyemia.

septigravida (sep-te-grav'-id-ah) [septem, seven;
gravida, pregnant]. A woman who is pregnant for
the seventhtjme.

septimetritis (sep-ti-met-ri'-tis). Metritis due to
septic poisoning.

septipara (sep-tip'-ar-ah) [septem, seven; par ere, to
bear]. A woman who has been in labor for the
seventh time.

septivalent (sep-tiv'-al-ent) [septem, seven; valere,
to be worth]. Having an atomicity of seven.

septoforma (sep-to-form'-ah). A condensation-
product of formaldehyde dissolved in an alcoholic
solution of linseed-oil potassium soap. It is used as
an antiseptic and antiparasitic in veterinary practice.

septomarginal (sep-to-mar'-jin-al). Relating to
the margin of a septum.

septometer (sep-tom'-et-er) [septum; fikrpov, a
measure]. 1. An instrument for determining the
thickness of the nasal septum. 2. [sepsis.] An ap-
paratus for determining organic impurities in the
air.

septonasal {sep-to-na'-zaT) [septum, septum; nasus,
nose]. Pertaining to the nasal septum.

septopyemia, septopyaemia (sep-to-pi-e'-me-ah).
See septicopyemia.

septotome (sep' -to-tom) [septum; ro\xr\, a cutting].
An instrument for cutting the nasal septum.

septotomy (sep-tot'-o-me) [septum; rom, a cutting].
The operation of cutting the nasal septum.

-septula (sep'-tu-lah). Plural of septulum (q. v.).
s. fibrosa, fibrous trabeculae extending from the deep
fascia of the penis into the corpus cavernosum.
s. interalveolaria, the septa dividing the alveoli of
the lungs, s. medullaria, processes radiating from
the periphery of the gray substance of the spinal
cord into the white substance, s. renum. See
columna Bertini. s. testis, septules of the testis.

septulum (sep'-tu-lum) [L.; pi, septula]. A small
septum, s. testis. See septula testis.

septum (sep'-lum) [sepire, to hem in]. A partition;
a division-wall. s. atriorum, s. atrium, s. auricu-
larum, the septum between the right and left auricles
of the heart, s., Bigelow's, the calcar femorale,
an early vertical spur of compact tissue in the neck
of the femur, a little in front of the lesser trochanter.
s. cordis, the wall between the two sides of the heart.
s. crurale, the layer of areolar tissue closing the
femoral ring, s., Douglas', in the fetus the septum

formed by the union of Rathke's folds transforming
the rectum into a complete canal, s. intermusculare,
septum between muscles, s. linguae, the vertical
mesal partition of the tongue, which divides the
muscular tissue into two halves, s. lucidum, a thin,
translucent septum forming the internal boundary
of the lateral ventricles of the brain and inclosing
between its two lamina? the fifth ventricle. s.»
nasal, the septum between the two nasal cavities.
s., pectiniform, that between the corpora cavernosa
of the penis, s. pellucidum. See s. lucidum. s,
of the pons, the median raphe of the pons formed by
the decussation of nerve-fibers, s., rectovaginal,
the tissue forming the partition between the rectum
and the vagina, s. scalae, lamina spiralis, s. scroti,
that dividing the scrotum into two cavities, s.
subarachnoid, a partition formed by bands of fibro-
elastic tissue passing from the arachnoid to the pia
along the posterior median line of the spinal cord,
s. thoracis. See mediastinum, s. transversum.
1. The diaphragm. 2. The tentorium cerebelli.
s., triangular medullary. See s. lucidum. s., ventri-
cular. 1. Same as 5. lucidum. 2. Same as s. ven-
triculorum. s. ventriculorum, the septum between
the two ventricles of the heart.

septuplet (sep'-tu-plet) [septem, seven]. One of
seven offspring born from a single gestation.

sepulture (sep'-ul-tur) [sepultura; sepelire, to en-
tomb]. The disposal of the dead by buriah

sequardin (sa-kwar'-din) [Charles Edouard Brown-
Sequard, French physiologist, 1817-1894]. A ster-
ilized testicular extract.

sequel, sequela (se'-kwel, se-khel' -ah) [sequi, to-
follow; pi., sequels, sequela]. A disease or abnormal
condition following an attack of a disease, and
directly or indirectly dependent upon it.

sequence (se'-kwens) [sequentia]. 1. The order of
occurrence, as of symptoms. 2. A sequela.

sequential (se-kwen'-shal) [sequentia]. Occurring
as a sequence, as sequential insanity.

sequester (se-kwes'-ter). Sequestrum.

sequestral (se-kwes'-tral) [sequestrum, sequestrum].
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a sequestrum.

sequestration (se-kwes-tra'-shun) [sequestrum]. 1.
The formation of a sequestrum. 2. The isolation of
persons suffering from disease for purposes of treat-
ment or of protecting others.

sequestrectomy (se-kwes-trek'-to-me). See seques-
trotomy.

sequestrotomy {se-kwes-trot'-o-me) [sequestrum ;
tow, a cutting]. The operation of removing a
sequestrum.

sequestrum (se-kwes'-trum) [sequestrare, to separ-
ate; pi., sequestra]. A detached or dead piece of bone
within a cavity, abscess, or wound, s., primary,
that entirely detached and demanding removal,
s., secondary, one that is partially detached, and
that unless very loose may be pushed into place,
s., tertiary, cracked or partially detached and re-
maining firmly in place.

sera (se'-rah) [L.]. Plural of serum, q. v.

seralbumin (se-ral-bu'-min) [serum; albumin].
Serum-albumin, the albumin found in the blood.

serempion (se-rem'-pe-on). A form of epidemic
measles encountered in the West Indies, and causing
great mortality, especially among children.

Serenoa (ser-e-no'-ah) [Sereno Watson, American
botanist]. A genus of palms of one species, S.
serrulata, the saw-palmetto of North and South
America. The fruit is diuretic and sedative and
used in diseases of the genitourinary tract. Dose
of extract 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.); of the fluidextract
57-114 min. (3.7-7.4 Cc). .

serial (se'-re-al) [series, a succession]. Following
in regular order; occurring in rows. s. sections,
microscopic sections made in consecutive order and
arranged in the same manner.

seribele (sa-re-bal). A teniafuge said to consist of
the seeds and root bark of Connarus guianensis.
Dose 2 oz. (60 Gm.) in decoction.

sericeps (ser'-is-eps) [sericum, silken; caput, head].
A device made of loops of ribbon, used in place of
the forceps in making traction upon the fetal head.

sericum (ser'-ik-um) [L.]. Silken, silk (q. v.).
Sericum was formerly much prescribed as a cordial,
tonic, nervine, and as a restorative of the memory,
reason, and reproductive power. It was an ingredient
of various electuaries.

series (se'-rez) [L.]. A succession or chain of
similar parts, or activities, s., aliphatic, the open

SERIFLUX

797

SERRATION

chain series of organic compounds, derived from
methane, s., aromatic, the organic compounds
derived from benzene, s., fatty. Same as s. ali-
phatic, s., homologous, a series of organic com-
pounds the consecutive members of which differ by
a common ratio (generally CH2). s. dentium, a
tow of teeth, s., numbering parts in, the rule almost
universally followed is to commence with the part
at the proximal, or at the cephalic aspect, e. g.,
the most cephalic vertebra (atlas) is number one.
The shoulder-girdle is the proximal segment of the
pectoral limb.

serifLux (se'-rif-luks) [serum; fiuxus, flow]. Any
serous or watery discharge, or a disease characterized
by such a discharge.

serin (se'-rin), CH2(OH) . CH(NHs) . CO2H. 1.
amidoglycerol, obtained by boiling serecin with dilute
sulphuric acid. It forms hard crystals, soluble in
water, but insoluble in alcohol and ether. 2. Serum
albumin.

serious (se'-re-us) [serins, grave]. Applied to such
morbid conditions or symptoms as indicate a grave
prognosis. _

seriscission (ser-is-ish'-un) [sericum, silken; scissio,
a cutting]. Division of soft tissues by a silken
ligature.

sero- (se-ro-) [serum]. A prefix meaning relating
to serum or serous.

serobacterins (se-ro-bak'-ler-ins). Emulsions of
killed bacteria which have been sensitized by treat-
ment with a specific immune serum.

serochrome (se'-ro-krom) [sero-; xp^m«. color].
Gilbert's name for the pigments (lipochrome, lutein)
which serve to give color to normal serum.

serocolitis (se-ro-ko-li'-tis). Inflammation of the
serous covering of the colon.

serocyst (se'-ro-sist). A tumor containing cysts
filled with serum.

serocystic (se-ro-sis'-tik) [sero-; kvo-tls, a bladder].
Composed of cysts filled with a serous fluid.

serodermatosis (se-ro-der-mat-o'-sis) [serum; 5ep/ia,
skin; vovos, disease]. A skin-disease characterized
by serous effusion into the tissue of the skin.

serodermitis (se-ro-der-mi'-tis) [sero-; dermitis].
An inflammatory skin affection attended with
serous effusion.

serodiagnosis (se-ro-di-ag-no'-sis) . Diagnosis based
upon the reaction of blood-serum of patients. See
WidaVs reaction.

seroenteritis (se-ro-en-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the serous covering of the small intestine.

serofibrinous (se-ro-fi' -brin-us) [sero-; fibrin].
1. Composed of serum and fibrin, e. g., a serofibrinous
exudate. 2. Characterized by the production of a
serofibrinous exudate, as a serofibrinous inflammation.

serofibrous (se-ro-fi' -br us). Pertaining to a serous
membrane and a fibrous tissue.

seroformalin (se-ro-forrn'-al-in). An antiseptic
dusting-powder of dried coagulated blood-serum and
formalin.

seroglobulin (se-ro-glob'-il-lin). See paraglobulin.

serohepatitis (se-ro-hep-at-i'-tis) [sero-; hepatitis].
Inflammation of the hepatic peritoneum.

seroid (se'-roid) [sero-; ei8os likeness]. Resembling
a serous membrane.

seroimmunity (se-ro-im-u'-nit-e). Passive im-
munity; see under immunity.

serolactescent (se-ro-lak-tes'-ent) [serum; lac, lactis,
milk]. Having the characters of both serum and
milk. The secretion of Montgomery's glands is
said to be serolactescent.

serolemma (se-ro-lem'-ah) [sero-; Xt/x/xa, a husk;
a peel]._ The embryonic external layer of the amnion.

serolin (se'-ro-lin) [sero-; oleum, oil]. A neutral
fatty constituent of blood, occurring in small amount;
its nature is undetermined.

serolipase (se-ro-lip' -as) . Lipase as found in
blood-serum.

serological (se-ro-loj'-ik-al) . Pertaining to serology.

serologist (se-rol'-o-jist). One versed in serology.

serology (se-rol'-o-je). That branch of science
which deals with serum; especially immune and
hemolytic sera.

seromembranous (se-ro-mem'-bran-us) . Serous
and membranous.

seromucous (se-ro-mu'-kus). Having the nature
of or containing both serum and mucus.

seropneumothorax (se-ro-nu-mo-tho'-raks) [serum ;
irvevpa, air; thorax]. Pleurisy with serous effusion, as-
sociated with pneumothorax.

seropurulent (se-ro-pu'-roo-lent) [sero-; purulent].
Composed of serum and pus, as a seropurulent exudate.

seropus (se'-ro-pus) [sero-; pus]. A fluid consisting
of serum and pus.

seroreaction (se-ro-re-ak'-shun). 1. Any reaction
occurring in a serum, such as complement fixation.
2. Serum disease.

serosa (se-ro' -sah) [serous; membrana, understood].
A serous membrane.

serosanguineous (se-ro-san-gwin'-e-us) [sero-; san-
guis, blood]. Having the nature of, or containing,
both serum and blood.

seroserous (se-ro-se'-rus) [serous]. Pertaining joint-
ly to two serous surfaces.

serosine (se'-ro-sen). A proprietary remedy said
to be antipyretic and antiseptic; same as bromaniline.

serositis (se-ro-s i'-tis) . Inflammation of a serous
membrane.

serosity (se-ros'-it-e) [serum]. The quality of be-
ing serous; a serous fluid not the true secretion of
serous membranes.

serosynovial (se-ro-si-no'-ve-aT) [sero-; synovia].
Having the characters of both serum and synovia;
pertaining to both a serous and a synovial membrane.

serosynovitis (se-ro-si-no-vi'-tis) [sero-; synovitis].
A synovitis with increase of synovial fluid.

serotaxis (se-ro-taks'-is) [sero-; ra£is, arrangement].
In diagnosis the determination of the blood to the
skin by application of a solution of caustic potash.

serotherapy (se-ro-ther'-ap-e) [sero-; therapy]. 1.
The treatment of disease by means of human or an-
imal blood-serum containing antitoxins. 2. Whey
cure.

serothorax (se-ro-tho'-raks). Hydrothorax.

serotina (ser-o-ti'-nah). See decidua serotina.

serous (se'-rus) [serum], 1. Pertaining to, char-
acterized by, or resembling serum. 2. Producing
serum, as a serous gland; containing serum, as a ser-
ous cyst. s. cavity, a large lymph-space, s. ef-
fusion, an effusion of serum, s. exudate, an exu-
date consisting largely of serum, s. fluid, normal
lymphatic fluid, s. inflammation, an inflammation
characterized by the formation of a serous exudate.
s. membrane. See membrane.

serovaccination (se-ro-vak-sin-a'-shun). A method
of obtaining mixed immunity by injecting a serum
(to secure passive immunity) and also vaccinating
(to secure active immunity).

serozyme (se'-ro-zim) [serum; £vnv, leaven]. Same
as thrombogen, q. v.

serpedo (ser-pe'-do) [serpere, to creep]. Same as
psoriasis.

serpens (ser'-pevz) [L.]. Serpentine, sinuous; creep-
ing, s., ulcus, a fistulous ulcer; a sinuous ulcer of the
cornea.

serpentaria (ser-pen-ta'-re-ah) [L.]. Virginia snake-
root, the root of several species of Aristolochia, of the
order Aristoloch.iacece. The rhizome and rootlets of
Aristolochia serpentaria and Aristolochia reticulata
constitute the serpentaria of the U. S. P. (serpentaria.
rhizoma, B. P.). Serpentaria contains a volatile oil,
a bitter principle, and a nitrogenous principle called
aristolochin, It is a stimulant, tonic diaphoretic, and
diuretic, and is used in intermittent fever and in dys-
pepsia, s., fiuidextract of (fiuidextr actum serpen-
tarice, U. S. P.). Dose 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc).
s., infusion of (infusum serpentaria, B. P.). Dose
1 oz. (32 Cc). s., tincture of (tinctura serpentarice,
U. S. P..B. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).

serpentine (ser' -pen-tin) [serpens, serpent]. Sin-
uous; snake-like.

serpes (ser'-pez) [serpere, to creep]. Herpes.

serpiginous (ser-pij'-in-us) [serpiginosus, from ser-
pere, to creep]. Creeping, s. ulcer, one that ex-
tends in one dhection while healing in another.

serpigo (ser-pi'-go) [L.]. Ringworm; herpes.

serra (ser' -ah) [L., a saw]. In biology, a saw or
sawlike structure, s. salvia, mountain sage, an herb
of the U. S., introduced as a substitute for quinine
in the treatment of periodic fevers. Also of service
in rheumatisn, scarlet fever, and diphtheria. Dose of
the fiuidextract 3 j-ij-

serrago (ser-a'-go) [L., gen., serraginis]. Sawdust.

serrate, serrated (ser'-at, ser'-a-ted) [serra, a saw].
Provided with sharp projections like the teeth of a
saw.

serratiform (ser-at'-if-orm) [serra, a saw; forma, a
form]. Same as serrated.

serration (ser-a'-shun) [see serrate]. The state or
condition of being serrate.

SERRATUS

798

SERUM

serratus (ser-a'-tus) [L.]. Serrated; applied to
muscles arising or inserted by a series of processes
resembling the teeth of a saw. See under muscle.

serre-fine (sar-fen) [Ft.]. A small spring-forceps
for seizing and compressing bleeding vessels.

serre-noeud (sar-neh') [Fr.]. An instrument used
for drawing tight a ligature thrown around a part, as
around the pedicle of a tumor.

Serres' glands (sair) [Etienne Renaud Auguste
Serres, French physician, 1787-1868]. Pearl-like
masses frequently seen in the infant near the gum and
resulting from the fragmentation of the dental epithe-
lium. They may give rise to cysts or other abnormal
growths.

serrulate (ser'-roo-lat) [serrula, dim. of serra, a saw].
Minutely notched or serrated.

Sertoli's cells, S.'s columns (ser'-to-le) [Enrico
Sertoli, Italian histologist]. The supporting cells of
the seminiferous tubules, arranged radially on the
membrana propria, and forming long columns be-
tween the spermatoblasts.

serum (se'-rum) [L.; pi., sera]. 1. The clear, yel-
lowish fluid separating from the blood after the coag-
ulation of the fibrin. 2. Any clear fluid resembling
the serum of the blood. 3. An antitoxin for thera-
peutic use. s., Adamkiewicz's. See cancroin. s.
adapted, a serum produced by immunization, s.-
albumin, the albumin found in the blood-serum and
other animal fluids, s., allergic, one which produces
hypersensitiveness to injections of serum, s., anal-
lergic, one which does not produce hypersensitivenes
to injections of serum, s., anthrax, one used in cattle
in the form of protective inoculations, s., antican-
cerous, a serum provided by the inoculation of an ass
previously infected with the filtered juice of a neo-
plastic tumor, s., antidiphtheritic {serum antidiph-
thericum, U. S. P.), one prepared, by (1) the produc-
tion of diphtheric toxin by means of boullion cultures ;
(2) the immunization of horses, and (3) the collection
and separation of the blood-serum from the immuni-
ized animals. If 1 Cc. of thfs serum suffices to pro-
tect perfectly a guineapig against a fatal dose of the
toxin, and without even the occurrence of a localized
reaction at the site of the injection, the serum is said
to contain one immunizing unit in the cubic centi-
meter; if 0.1 Cc. suffices, it has 10 units; if 0.01 Cc,
it has 100 units per cubic centimeter. In Germany
the least allowed by law is 100 units. s.f antiepithe-
liomatous, one obtained from animals by inoculation
with cultures of pathogenic yeast isolated from can-
cerous tumors. Syn., serum of Hoffmann and of
Villiers and Wlaeff. s., antimorphine, a resistance
substance conferring immunity to the action of mor-
phine poison, obtained by L. Hirschlaff from animals
treated with increasing doses of morphine, s., anti-
scarlatinal. See s., v. Ley den's, and s., Moser's. s.,
antistaphylococcic, s., antistaphylococcous, a serum
produced in the goat by Proscher that will immunize
rabbit9 against from 5 to 7 times the lethal dose of
culture of staphylococcus when used in doses of 1-5
Cc. s., antistreptococcic, s., antistreptococcous. 1.
A specific serum obtained by Piorkowski against the
streptococcus, which causes the disease called pfer-
dedruse, a contagious, catarrhal affection of the nasal
and pharyngeal membranes of horses. The serum
has protective and curative properties. It agglu-
tinates the specific streptococcus in dilutions of 1 : 100,
the streptococcus of angina but slightly or not at all,
and other pathogenic species in dilutions of less than
1 : 25. Piorkowski concludes that there are specific
races of streptococci, and that success in the use of an
antistreptococcous serum will be obtained only when
an antiserum for the specific organism found in the
particular group of cases is used. 2. See Si, Moser's.
s., antitoxic, that which acts upon the bacterial toxins
and is not bactericidal, s., antityphoid, a sterilized
culture of typhoid bacilli used by vaccination as a
prophylaxis against typhoid. Cf. Jez's antityphoid
extract, s., antivenomous, see antivenin. s., bac-
tericidal, that which destroys bacteria but has no
effect upon toxins, s. bacteriolytic, one which con-
tains a lysin capable of destroying certain bacteria,
s., Bardel's, sodium chloride, 1 Gm.; phenol, 0.5 Gm.;
sodium phosphate, 3 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 2 Gm.;
water, to 100 Cc s., Behring's, s. of Behring-Roux,
see s., antidiphtheric. s., bichlorureted, of Cheron,
mercury bichloride, 0.5 eg.; sodium chloride, 2 Gm.;
distilled water, 200 Cc; crystallized phenol added
when the serum is quite cold, 2 Gm. Dose 300 gr.
(20 Gm.) injected into the gluteal region every eight

days for syphilis, s., Calmette's, see antivenin. s.,
cancer. 1. Cancer-juice. 2. See cancroin. s., Can-
tani's, sodium chloride, 4 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 3
Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. s.-casein, Panum's name for
paraglobulin. s., cerebrospinal, cerebrospinal fluid.
s., Cheron's, phenol, 1 Cc; sodium chloride, 2 Gm.;
sodium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 8 Gm.;
boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. s., clumping, a serum
capable of producing agglutination of bacteria, s.,
Crocq's, sodium phosphate, 2 Gm.; distilled water,
100 Cc. s.-disease, name given to va/ious symptoms
which appear some days after the injection of a
serum; urticaria, fever. Swollen glands, edema,
albuminuria, and arthralgia may thus be present.
s.-diagnosis, see serodiagnosis. s., Flexner's, serum
used in the treatment of diplococcic cerebrospinal
meningitis, s., globulicidal, a hemolytic serum, s.-
globulin, see paraglobulin. s., Haffkine's, a steril-
ized culture of cholera bacilli for conferring immunity
against cholera. See _ Haffkine's method under im-
munization, s., Haffkine's prophylactic, a serum ob-
tained by heating a virulent culture of plague bacilli
to 700 C. It is used as a prophylactic against cholera.
s., Hayem's. 1. Sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; sodium
sulphate, 10 Gm. ; sterilized water, 1 liter. 2. Sodium
chloride, 7-5 Gm.; sterilized water, 1000 Cc. Syn.,
physiological serum, s., hemolytic, any blood-serum
which produces hemolysis, s. of Hoffmann, see
s., anti'epitheliomatous. s., Huchard's, sodium phos-
phate, 10 Gm.; sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; sodium sul-
phate, 2.5 Gm.; distilled water, to 100 Cc. s., Huch-
ard's concentrated, sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; sodium
phosphate, 10 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 2.5 Gm.; phe-
nol, 1.5 Gm.; water, 100 Cc. s., immune, the serum
of an immunized animal, containing a specific anti-
body, s., inactivated, see inactivate, s., jequiritol,
an antitoxin prepared on the principle of Beyring's
method, which has the power of rapidly and surely
paralyzing the effects of jequiritol in the human
system when applied locally in the conjunctival sac
and when injected subcutaneously. s., Kronecker
and Lichtenstein's, sodium chloride from 6 to 7-5 Gm. ;
sodium carbonate, 0.1 Gm. ; water, 1000 Cc s. lactis,
whey, s., Latta's, sodium chloride, from 3 to 5 Gm. ;
sodium carbonate, 1.7 Gm.; water, 3400 Cc. s.,
Leclerc's (very strong), sodium chloride, 4 Gm.;
sodium phosphate, sodium sulphate, of each, 0.5
Gm. ; boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. s., leukotoxic,
one which destroys the leukocytes, s., v. Leyden's,
blood-serum taken from convalescent scarlatina pa-
tients. Cf. s., Moser's. s., luetic, emulsion of liver
or kidney of a syphilitic fetus, cleared by filtration,
s.-lutein, the pigment contained in the serum from
the blood of most animals. S., Luton's, crystallized
sodium phosphate, 5 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 10 Gm.;
boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. s., Maragliano's, an
antituberculous serum obtained from an ass or horse
treated with repeated injections of tuberculous toxin,
s., Marmorek's, a polyvalent serum obtained by the
inoculation of animals with streptococci of various
origin, s., Mathieu's, sodium sulphate, 6 Gm.; so-
dium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium chloride, 1 Gm.;
glycerol, 20 Gm. ; distilled water, to 100 Cc. s., men-
ingococci^ serum used in the treatment of diplococcic
cerebrospinal meningitis. s., Moser's (Paul), an
antistreptococcus serum obtained by simultaneous
inoculation of horses with several varieties of strep-
tococci taken from the blood of scarlatina patients,
s., neurotoxic, one which acts directly upon the nerve-
tissues. s.~j normal, that of which 0.1 Cc. neutralizes
10 times the minimal lethal dose of a specific bacterial
poison, s., Paquin's, an antitoxic serum of tuber-
culosis produced by successive inoculation of horses.
It is injected in daily doses of from 10 to 150 drops.
s., Parascandolo's, an immunizing serum produced by
inoculation of animals with mixed cultures of strep-
tococci and staphylococci, s., physiological, s., pooled,
mixed serum from different individuals, s., pneu-
mococcic, serum used in the treatment of pneumonia.
See s., Hayem's (2). s.s, polyvalent, serums de-
rived from animals infected by a number of different
streptococci, s., protective, any immunizing serum.
Cf. s., Haffkine's. s., Renzi's, iodine, 1 Gm.; potas-
sium iodide, 3 Gm.; sodium chloride, 6 Gm.; water,
1000 Cc. s., Richet and Hericourt's. See s., antican-
cerous. s., Roussel's, sodium phosphate, 50 Gm.;
water, 1000 Cc. s., Roux's. See s., antidiphtheric. s.,
Sapellier's, sodium chloride, 60 Gm.; potassium chlo-
ride, 5 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 31 Gm.; sodium phos-
phate, 4.5 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 3.5 Gm.; boiled

SERUMAL

799

SHACKLE

water, ioo Cc. s., Schiess's, sodium chloride, 75
Gm.; sodium bicarbonate, so Gm.; water, iooo Ccf
s., Schwartz's, sodium chloride, 6 Gm.; solution o.
caustic soda, 2 drops; water, iooo Gm. s., Sclavo's,
cultures of pneumococci in egg-albumen, s., seraph-
thin, a proprietary prophylactic against foot-and-
mouth disease, s.-sickness, see s.-disease. s.
specific. See s„ immune, s., streptococcic, serum
used in the treatment of streptococcic septicemia
and pyemia, s. sublimatum, One part of corrosive
sublimate to from 50 to 100 parts of serum. It is
used subcutaneously as an antiseptic and for im-
pregnating bandages, s., Syndmann's, sodium chlo-
ride, 6 Gm.; sodium bicarbonate, 1 Gm.; water, iooo
Cc. s.-therapy. See serotherapy, s.-thyroid, serum
used in the treatment of exophthalmic goiter, s. of
Tizzoni and Cattani, obtained by evaporating in a
vacuum the serum of an immunized horse. Each
gram of the powdered residue corresponds to 10 Cc.
of the serum, s., Trunecek's, for the treatment
of symptoms caused by arteriosclerosis; sodium
chloride, 4.92 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 0.44 Gm.; sod-
ium carbonate, 0.21 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 0.4
Gm.; sodium phosphate, 0.15 Gm. This is given in
hypodermatic injections of 1 Cc. every 3 or 4 days,
increasing to 5 to 7 Cc, or in rectal injections of 35
Cc. s.-unit. See unit, s., Vandervelde's. 1. So-
dium glycerophosphate, sodium chloride, of each, 3
Gm.; water, iooo Cc. 2. Sodium chloride, potassium
chloride, of each, 3 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 2.5 Gm.;
sodium phosphate, 3 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 2
Gm.; water, to 100 Cc. s. of Villiers and Wlaeff.
See s., antiepitheliomatous. s. of Wlaeff. see s.,
antiepitheliomatous. s., Yersin's, serum of a horse
immunized by intravenous injection of a virulent
culture of the plague bacillus.

serumal (se'-roo-mal). Relating to or derived from
serum, s. calculus, a calculus formed about the
teeth by exudation from diseased gums.

serumuria (se-rum-u'-re-ah) . Same as albuminuria.

Servetus's circulation (ser-ve'-tus) [Michael Ser-
vetus, Spanish physician, 1509-1553]. The pulmon-
ary circulation.

servol (ser'-vol). An alcohol soap solution con-
taining 12 per cent, of formaldehyde; it is used as a
disinfectant.

sesame (ses'-am-e) . See sesamum.

sesamoid (ses'-am-oid) [sesame; el5os, like]. Resem-
bling a sesame-seed. s. bone, a small bone developed
in a tendon subjected to much pressure, s. cartilage,
small cartilages in the alee of the nose.

sesamoid it is (ses-am-oi-di'-tis) [sesamoid; ins, in-
flammation]. Inflammatory disease of the sesamoid
bones of the fetlock of the horse.

sesamum (ses'-am-um) [a^aayxiv, sesame]. A genus
of plants of the order Pedalinece. S. indicum and
5. orientate yield a bland, sweetish oil. S7, oil of
{oleum sesami), sesame oil, employed like olive-oil.
Syn., benne oil; teel oil.

sesqui- (ses-kwe-) [L.]. A prefix denoting one and
one-half.

sesquibasic (ses-kwe-ba'-sik) [sesqui, one-half more;
base]. Applied to salts formed from a tribasic acid
by the replacement of three atoms of hydrogen by
two of a basic element or radical.

sesquih. Abbreviation of sesquihora, an hour and
a half.

sesquioxide (ses-kwe-oks'-id) [sesqui-; 6£us, acid].
A compound of oxygen and another element, con-
taining three parts of oxygen to two of the other
element.

sesquisalt (ses'-kwe-sawlt) [sesqui-; salt]. A salt
containing one and one-half times as much of the acid
as of the radical or base.

sessile (ses'-il) [sessilis, from sedere, to sit]. At-
tached by a broad base; not pedunculated, as a sessile
tumor.

sesunc. Abbreviation of sesuncia, an ounce and a
half.

set [ME., setten]. 1. To reduce the displacement
in a fracture and apply suitable bandages. 2. To
harden; to solidify — as a cement or amalgam.

seta (se'-tah) [seta, a bristle: pi., setce]. A stiff,
stout, bristle-like appendage; a chaeta, vibrissa.

setaceous (se-la'-se-us) [seta, a hair, a bristle].
Bristly, bristling, bristk-shaped.

setaria (se-ta'-re-ah) [seta, a bristle]. A genus of
grasses including millet, S. italica.

setarin {se-ta' -rin) . A toxic glucoside isolated by
E. F. Ladd, 1899, from millet, Setaria italica.

Setchenow's inhibitory center (setsh'-en-of). See
Setschenow.

setiform (se'-tif-orm) [seta, a bristle; forma, form].
Bristle-like in shape.

setigerous, or setiferous (se-tij'-er-us, se-tif'-er-us)
[seta, bristle; gerere or f err e, to bear]. Bearing biis-
tles or stiff hairs.

seton (se'-ton) [seta, a bristle]. 1. A thread or
skein of threads drawn through a fold of the skin, so
as to produce a fistulous tract; it is used as a count-
erirritant. 2. The tract thus produced.

setose (se'-tos). Beset with bristle-like appen-
dages.

Setschenow's inhibitory center (setch'-en-of) [Ivan
Setschenow, Russian physician]. A cerebral center
for the inhibition of reflex movements, situated in the
corpora quadrigemina and the medulla oblongata.

setula (set'-u-lah) [dim. of seta, a bristle: pi., setu-
Ice]. A diminutive bristle.

sevadilla, see cebadilla.

seven-day fever. Relapsing fever.

seventh nerve. The facial nerve. See nerves.

sevetol (sev'-et-ol). Trade name of a preparation
of predigested animal and vegetable fats.

seviparous (se-vip'-ar-us) [sevum; par ere, to pro-
duce]. Sebiferous; fat-producing.

sevum (se'-vum) [L.]. Suet. s. praeparatum, the
prepared suet of the U. S. P.

sewage (sit'-aj). The heterogeneous substances
constituting the excreta and waste matter of domestic
economy and the contents of drains. It consists
mainly of putrescent animal and vegetable tissues,
fecal matter, and urine — the latter in a state of am-
moniacal fermentation — mixed with water or dis-
solved in it. s.-farming, use of sewage as a manure.

sewer (su f-er). A canal for the removal of sewage.
s.-air throat, acute tonsillitis, s.-gas, the mixture of
air, vapors, and gases, which emanates from sewers.
It varies greatly in respect to its pathogenic qualities.
s.-g. pneumonia. See pneumonia.

sewerage (su'-er-aj). 1. The collection and re-
moval of sewage. 2. The system of pipes, etc., for
the removal of sewage.

sewing spasm. See seamstress's cramp.

sex- (seks) [L.]. A numeral used as a prefix, mean-
ing six.

sex (seks) [sexus, also secus, sex]. The state or
condition of being either male or female.

sexidigital, sexidigitate (seks-e-dif-it-al, seks-e-dij'-
il-at) [sex, six; digitus, a finger]. Having six fingers
or six toes.

sexivalent (seks-iv'-al-ent) [sex, six; valere, to be
worth]. Having an atomicity of six as compared
with that of hydrogen.

sextan (seks' -tan) [sex, six]. Occurring every sixth
day, as a sextan fever.

sextigravida (seks-te-grav'-id-ah) [sextus, sixth;
gravida, pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the sixth
time.

sextipara (seks-tip'-ar-ah) [sextus, sixth; par ere, to
produce]. A woman in labor for the sixth time.

sextonol (seks'-to-nol). Trade name of a mixture
of the glycerophosphates of calcium, iron, manganese,
quinine, sodium, and strychnine.

sextuplet (seks-tu'-plet) [sex, six]. One of six off-
spring of a single gestation.

sexual (seks'-u-al) [sexus, sex]. Pertaining to or
characteristic of sex, as the sexual organs, s. bondage
" the dependence of one person upon another of the op-
posite sex that is abnormal but not perverse, s.
diseases, diseases of the sexual organs, s. inter-
course, copulation, s. inversion, a variety of sexual
perversion in which there is an abnormal liking for a
person of the same, instead of for one of the opposite
sex. s. involution, the menopause, s. metamorpho-
sis, a variety of sexual perversion in which the in-
dividual has the tastes and feelings and assumes the
dress and habits of the opposite sex. s. selection.
See evolution.

sexuality (seks-u-al'-it-e) [sexus, sex]. The col-
lective differences which in an individual make one
male or female.

sexually (seks'-u-al-e) [sexus, sex]. In a sexual
manner.

sexvalent (seks'-va-lent). Sexivalent.

shackle (shak-l) [ME., schakkyl, shackle]. Some-
thing that hinders or confines, s.-joint, a variety of
articulation formed by passing a bony ring of one part
through a perforation of another part._ It is seen
in the exoskeleton of some fishes, s.-vein, a vein of

SHADDOCK

800

SHORT CIRCUIT

the horse, probably the median antebrachial, from
which blood was formerly abstracted.

shaddock (skad'-ok) [Captain Shaddock, who in-
troduced the tree into the West Indes fiom Java in
the early part of the eighteenth century]. The fruit
of Citrus decumana, grape fruit.

shadow (shad'-o) [ME., schadowe, shadow]. A
phantom cell, or skeletonized blood-cell, formed by-
the removal of the hemoglobin from a red corpuscle.
s.-test. See retinoscopy.

shadowgram. See skiagram.

shadowgraph (shad'-o-graf). See skiagraph.

shaft. The trunk of any columnar mass, espe-
cially the diaphysis of a long bone.

shakes (shaks). See ague.

shaking (sha'-king) [ME., shaken, to shake]. A
passive Swedish movement used in the treatment of
nervous affections, s. cure, the treatment of disease
by a shaking or vibratory movement, advocated by
Charcot in paralysis agitans, by means of a vibrating
arm-chair, s. palsy. See paralysis agitans.

shampoo (sham-poo') [Hind., tshanpna, shampoo],
i. Synonym of massage. 2. To lather, rub, or wash
the head.

shampooing (sham-poo' -ing). The performance of
massage with the application of a liniment or other
medicinal substance, and also in connection with the
Turkish bath.

shank (ME., shanke, the chief bone of the leg] . The
leg from the knee to the ankle; the tibia or shin-bone.

share-bone. The os pubis.

Sharpey's intercrossing fibers (shar'-pe) [William
Sharpey, English anatomist, 1 802-1 880]. The col-
lagenous fibers forming the lamella? which constitute
the walls of the Haversian canals in bone; same as
osteogenic fibers. S.'s perforating fibers, calcified
white or elastic fibers which connect the lamellae in
the walls of the Haversian canals.

shaven-beard appearance. A peculiar appear-
ance of the agminated glands of the intestine in
typhoid fever, resembling that of a recently shaven
beard.

shawl-muscle, the trapezius.

shears (sherz) [ME., sheres, shears]. A large pair
of scissors, s., bandage, strong shears for cutting
bandages, usually bent at an angle.

sheath (sheth). An envelope; a covering. In an-
atomy, appiled to the coverings of arteries, muscles,
nerves, fascia, etp. s., arachnoidean, a delicate par-
tition lying between the pial sheath and the dural
sheath of the optic nerve, s., axis-cylinder. See
Huxley's layer, s., capillary, or s., circumvascular, a
wide lymphatic tube surrounding some of the smallest
blood-vessels, s. cellular. See epineurium. s., cor-
tical, the bast-bundles . s., crural, the femoral sheath ;
see under femoral, s., dentinal, the structure lining
the dentinal canals, s., dural, a strong fibrous mem-
brane forming the external investment of the optic
nerve ; see dura, s., femoral. See femoral, s., fibril,
a sheath formed by connective-tissue fibrils and sur-
rounding individual nerve-fibers, s. of Henle. 1.
An attenuated extension of the perineurium in-
vesting the fibers composing funiculi of a nerve-
trunk; it consists of a delicate fibrous envelope lined
with endothelial plates, which in some cases alone
represent the entire sheath. 2. The cellular layer
forming the outer portion of the inner root-sheath of
the hair, s., Huxley's. See Huxley's layer, s., lam-
ellar. See perineurium, s. of Mauthner, a proto-'
plasmic investing membrane beneath the neurilemma
and the nodes of Ranvier, passing inward to separate
the myelin from the axis-cylinder, s., medullary,
the myelin-sheath surrounding the axis-cylinder, s.,
myelin, medullary sheath and neurilemma, s., nerve.
See perineurium, s., Neumann's. See s., dentinal.
s., neural. See s., medullary, s., perivascular. See
s., capillary, s. of the optic nerve. See s., dural. s.,
pial, the extension of the pia which closely invests
the surface of the optic nerve. See pia. s., primi-
tive. See neurilemma, s. of rectus, that formed by
the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique
muscles and the transversalis. s., root. See root
sheath. s. of Schwann. See neurilemma. s.,
Schwalbe's, the delicate sheath which covers elastic
fibers, s., synovial, a synovial membrane which lines
the cavity attached to a bone and through which a
tendon glides, s., tangential, the fibro-cellular sheath
surrounding the carotids.

shed. To throw off.

shedding (shed' -ing). Throwing off. s. teeth, the

teeth of the first dentition; the term is also applied to
the loss of the first or temporary set of teeth.

sheep-pox. A contagious pustular disease of sheep
similar to cow-pox.

sheet (shet). A large piece of linen or cotton used
as bed-clothing, s.-bath. See bath, s., draw, a sheet
so folded as to be placed, or removed, from beneath
the patient with the least inconvenience.

Sheldon's method of hemostasis in disarticulation
of the hip-joint. Consists in a preliminary disartic-
ulation of the head of the femur, followed by the
introduction of the artery forceps into the wound be-
hind the femur and clamping of the femoral vessels.

shellac (shel'-ak).. See lac. s. cement, see cement.

shells (shelz) [ME., schelle, shell]. Tinted spec-
tacles, for protection of the eyes. Coquilles.

Shepherd's fracture. A fracture of the outer por-
tion of the astragalus.

sherbet (shur'-bet) [Pers. sharbat]. An oriental,
cooling drink made from fruit juices and water,
sweetened, flavored, and iced with mountain snow.

Sherrington's law [Charles Scott Sherrington, Eng-
lish physiologist]. The peripheral branches of the
spinal nerve-roots— anterior and posterior — form an-
astomoses in such a manner as to supply any given
region of the integument with the branches of three
roots — a middle one and the ones next above and
below. S.'s solution, for use with the hemacytometer:
methylene blue, 0.1 Gra.; sodium chloride, 1.2 Gm.;
neutral potassium oxalate, 1.2 Gm.; distilled water,
300 Cc.

sherry wine (sher'-e). See vinum xericum.

shield (sheld) [ME., sheeld]. 1. A protective struc-
ture or apparatus. 2. In biology, a protective plate,
scute, lorica, or carapace, s., antithermic, a pro-
tective covering of the cautery to prevent destruction
of the tissues about the field of operation, s. bone,
the scapula, s., nipple-, a protective covering for
sore nipples, s.-shaped, shaped like a buckler or
shield, s., Sims', an instrument used in the appli-
cation of wire sutures.

Shiga's bacillus (she'-ga) [K. Shiga, Japanese bac-
teriologist]. The bacillus dysenteries; also called the
Shiga- Krause bacillus.

shikimi, shikimia. See sikimin.

shima-mushi (shi-mah-mush'-e) [Jap.]. A Japa-
nese febrile disease supposed to be due to the bite of
an insect.

shimu-mushi. See shima-mushi.

shin [AS., scina]. The sharp anterior margin of
the tibia, s.-bone, the tibia.

shingles (shing'-gls). Herpes zoster.

ship-fever. Typhus fever.

shirt-stud abscess. See abscess.

shiver (shiv'-er) [ME., chiveren, to shiver]. A slight
tremor or shaking of the body due to cold, etc.

shock [Fr., shoe]. 1. A sudden grave depression of
the system produced by operations, accidents, or
strong emotion. It is due to a profound influence
on the nervous system. If not fatal, it is followed by
a stage of reaction. 2. The agent causing a general
or local depression, as an electric shock, s., deferred,
that curious condition in which the manifestations
of shock, due not to severe bodily injury but to purely
mental causes develop after the lapse of some time
from the occurrence. This variety of shock may be
even more profound than that produced by bodily
injury, s., discharging, a shock produced by a dis-
charge of electricity, s., electric, the physiological
effect produced upon an organism by the opening or
closing of an electric circuit in which it is included.
s., epigastric, the result of a blow upon the epi-
gastrium, s., erethismic, a form of shock attended
with symptoms of excitement, s., fetal, the sensa-
tion produced by movements of the fetus in utero.
s. railway, the mental impression produced by a rail-
way accident, s. secondary, or insidious, a second
attack occurring after the first, s., sexual, shock
caused by rape or coitus, s., torpid, shock in which
marked depression is a prominent symptom, s.,
traumatic, shock due to traumatism.

shoddy fever. A diseased condition caused by
the inhalation of the dust in shoddy factories; it is
characterized by feverishness, headache, nausea, dry-
ness of the mouth, dyspnea, cough, and expectoration.

shoemaker's spasm. An occupation-neurosis, an-
alogous to writer's cramp, occurring in shoemakers.

short circuit. One in which an electric current en-
counters an abnormally small resistance, s.-cir-
cuiting, a modification of Nelaton's operation for in-

SHOT-GUN PRESCRIPTION

801

SICKNESS

testinal obstruction consisting either in lateral ap-
proximation and union or lateral implantation, s.-
sight, s.-sightedness, myopia, s.-windedness, dysp-
nea.

shot-gun prescription, one with many ingredients,
written with the expectation that some one may
prove curative, s.-gun quarantine, the extemporized
and unauthorized establishment of a cordon against
a place suspected of being the seat of an epidemic of
a communicable disease, s.-silk. See retina.

shoulder (shol-'der) [AS., sculder]. The region
where the arm joins the trunk, formed by the meeting
of the clavicle and the scapula and the overlying soft
parts, s.-blade, the scapula, s.-girdle. See girdle,
shoulder-, s., noisy, of R. H. Sayre, a grating of the
muscles over the scapula on moving the shoulder up
and down, believed to be due to a snapping tendon
between or a bursa beneath the scapula, s., slipped,
s., splayed, a dislocated shoulder, s.-wrench, a
sprain or dislocation of the shoulder.

show (sho). i. A bloody discharge from the birth-
canal prior to labor. 2. The first appearance of a
menstrual flow.

shower (shour) [ME., shour, shower]. A light fall
of rain, s.-bath, see bath, s.-bath, electric, see
bath, electric s., uric acid, a temporary increase in
the amount of uric acid in the urine; it occurs in
gouty patients.

Shrapnell's membrane (shrap'-nel) [Henry Jones
Shrapnell, English anatomist]. A small portion of
the drum-membrane filling the notch of Rivinus.

shreds. Patches of filmy material passed with
the fecal discharges in some cases of enteritis and dia-
rhea. They may be composed of false membrane,
or actual sloughs from the intestinal mucosa, or of
flakes of hardened mucus.

shrivel (shriv'-l). To shrink in bulk and become
wrinkled.

shucks. A strong tea of corn-shucks, used as a
remedy for chronic malaria in the southern United
States.

shudder (shud'-er). A convulsive but momentary
tremor, caused usually by fright, disgust, or nervous
shock.

shunt. In electricity, a conductor of low resis-
tance, joining two points in an electric current, and
completing a path through which the current will pass.

shuttle-bone. The scaphoid bone.

Si. The chemical symbol of silicon.

siagantritis (si-ag-a?i-tri'-tis) . See siagonantritis.

siagon (si'-ag-on) [ariay&v, jaw-bone]. In biology,
the mandible of a crustacean.

siagonagra (si-ag-on-a'-grah) [aiayav, jaw-bone;
ay pa, seizure]. Gouty pain in the maxilla.

siagonantritis (si-ag-on-an-tri'-tis) [o-iay&v, the jaw-
bone; avTpov, autrum]. Inflammation within the
antrum of Highmore.

sialaden (si-al' -ad-en) [aiaXov, saliva; abijv, a gland].
A salivary gland.

sialadenitis (si-al-ad-en-i'-tis) [aiaXov, saliva; a8r]v,
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a sal-
ivary gland.

sialadenoncus (si-al-ad-en-ong'-kus) [alaXov, sal-
iva; aS-hv, gland; oynos, a tumor]. A tumor of a sali-
vary gland.

sialagogue, sialagog (si-al'-a-gog). See sialogogue.

sialapofia (si-al-ap-o' -re-ah) [alaXov, spittle]. De-
ficiency in the amount of saliva.

sialemesis (si-al-em-e'-sis) [aiaXov, spittle; emesis].
The hysterical vomiting of saliva.

sialic, sialine (si-al'-ik, si'-al-en) [sialon]. Having
the nature of saliva.

sialism, sialismus (si'-al-izm, si-al-iz' -mus) . See
ptyalism.

sialodochitis (si-al-o-do-ki'-tis) [alaXov, spittle;
Sox^lov, receptacle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the salivary ducts, s. fibrinosa, inflammation of
a salivary duct obstructed by a fibrinous exudate.

sialodochium (si-al -o-do'-ke-um) [alaXov, saliva;
Soxttov, receptacle). A salivary duct.

sialoductitis (si-al-o-duk-ti'-tis). Inflammation of
tenson's duct.

sialogenous (si-al-oj' -en-us) [aiaXov, spittle; yevvav,
to produce]. Generating saliva.

sialogogic (si-al-o-goj'-ik) [alaXov, spittle; ayuyos,
leading. 1. A sialogogue. 2. Promoting a flow of
saliva.

sialogogue, sialogog (si-al'-o-gog) [alaXov, spittle;
ayuyos, leading]. 1. Producing a flow of saliva. 2.
A drug producing a flow of saliva.
27

sialoid (si'-al-oid) [crLaXov, spittle; eldos, like]. Per-
taining to, or like saliva.

sialolith (si'-al-o-lith) [alaXov, spittle; Xfflos, stone].
A salivary calculus.

sialolithiasis (si-al-o-lith-i'-as-is) [alaXov, spittle;
Xldos, stone]. The presence of salivary calculi.

sialon (si'-al-on). Saliva.

sialoncus (si-al-ong'-kus) [alaXov, spittle; 67*05, a
tumor]. A tumor under the tongue, arising from the
obstruction of the duct of a salivary gland by cal-
culus or other cause.

sialorrhea, sialorrhoea (si-al-or-e'-ah) [sialon; pola,
a flow]. Salivation, s., pancreatic, a flow of pan-
creatic juice.

sialoschesis (si-al-os'-kes-is) [alaXov, spittle; o-xeo-is,
holding]. Suppression of the secretion of saliva.

sialosemeiology (si-al-o-se-mi-ol'-o-je) [sialon; sem-
iology]. Diagnosis based upon examination of the
saliva.

sialostenosis (si-al-o-ste-no'-sis) [aiaXov, spittle;
orkvos, narrow]. Occlusion of a salivary duct.

sialosyrinx (si-al-o-si' -ringks) [aiaXov, saliva; avpiy£,
tube]. 1. A salivary fistula. 2. A syringe for wash-
ing out the salivary ducts. 3. A drainage-tube for
the salivary ducts.

sialozemia (si-al-o-ze' -me-ah) [alaXov, spittle; fq/ua.
loss]. Loss of saliva; salivation.

sibbens (sib'-enz) [Gael., subhan, raspberries]. A
disease formerly endemic in the Scotch highlands,
and by some identified with syphilis, by others with
yaws.

sibilant (sib'-il-ant) [sibilare, to hiss]. Hissing or
whistling, as a sibilant rale.

sibilation (sib-il-a' -shun) [sibilare, to hiss]. Pro-
nounciatin in which the s sound predominates.

sibilismus (sib-il-iz'-mus) [sibilare, to hiss]. 1. A
hissing sound. 2. A sibilant rale. s. aurium, tinnitus
aurium.

sibilus (sib'-il-us) [sibilare, to hiss]. A sibilant
rale.

Sibson's aortic vestibule (sib'-sun) [Francis Sibson,
English physician, 1814-1876]. The chamber formed
by the left ventricle just below the aortic orifice for
the reception of the semilunar valves during diastole.
S.'s groove, a furrow formed in some individuals by a
prominence of the lower border of the pectoralis
major. S.'s notch, the inward curve of the upper
left border of precordial dulness in acute pericardial
effusion.

siccant, siccative (sik'-ant, sik'-at-iv) [siccare, to
dry]. 1. Drying; tending to make dry. 2. A drying
agent or medicine.

sicchasia (sik-a'-ze-ah) [ainxaiveiv, to feel disgust].
1. Morbid loathing of food. 2. Nausea. 3. Nausea
of pregnancy.

sicco (sik'-o) . Dried hematogen (q. v.) ; a black-
brown, tasteless powder, soluble in water, indicated
in anemia, chlorosis, etc. Dose 75-105 gr. (5-7 Gm.)
daily; children 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.).

siccolabile (sik-o-lab'-il) [siccus, dry; labile]. Li-
able to be altered or destroyed by drying.

siccostabile (sik-o-sta'-bil) [siccus, dry; stabile].
Not altered by drying.

siccus (sik' -us) [L.]. Dry.

sick (sik) [ME., sik, sick]. 1. Ill; not well. 2.
Nauseated, or "sick at the stomach." 3. Men-
struating, s. time, popularly used for the period of
menstruation, s.-headache, headache with anor-
exia, nausea, vomiting, etc. ; migraine, s.-list, a list
of persons, especially in military or naval service, who
are disabled by sickness, s.-report, a sick-list. s.
room, a room occupied by one who is sick, s.-stom-
ach, synonym of nausea, and of milk-sickness.

Sickingia (sik-in'-je-ah) [Count v. Sickingen, of
Vienna]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. 5. rubra,
casca de arariba, is a species found in Brazil and Japan
furnishes arariba bark, used in intermittent fever. It
contains the alkaloid aribine and a red coloring-mat-
ter. 5. viridiflora, casca de arariba branca, of Brazil,
furnishes a bark used in malaria.

sickle-germs (sik'-l-jermz). A falciform stage in
the development of Coccidia.

sickliness (sik'-le-nes) [ME., sik, sick]. Predis-
position to easily contract disease; insalubrity of
climate.

sickly (sik'-le) [ME., sik, sick]. Predisposed to
disease. Unhealthy.

sickness (sik'-nes) [sick]. 1. The state of being
unwell. 2. Nausea. 3- Menstruation, s., African
horse-. See edemamycosis. s., African sleeping-. See

SICOPIRIN

802

SIGN

African lethargy, s., bleeding, hemophilia, s., Cey-
lon, beriberi, s., country, nostalgia, s., creeping,
chronic ergotism, s., falling, epilepsy, s., green,
chlorosis, s., jumping, a form of choromania. See
jumpers, s., leaguer, typhus, s., milk, a form of
poisoning due to the ingestion of diseased milk or
meat, s., miners'. See ankylostomiasis, s., monthly,
the menstrual epoch, s., mountain-, a sensation of
nausea, with impeded respiration and irregular heart's
action due to the rarefied air of high altitudes, s.,
painted. See pinta disease, s., railway. See car-sick-
ness, s., salt, a condition of starvation due to an-
imals being confined on poor pastures consisting of
dry wire grass and other inferior vegetation, s., sea-.
See sea-sickness, s., serum. See serum disease, s.,
spotted. See pinta disease, s., sweating. See sweat-
ing-sickness, s., theater, Paul's name for malaise
with dyspnea and oppression followed by weak pulse
and syncope, usually observed in women who have
dined hurriedly and reached a crowded theater in a
heated condition; frequently a result of eye-strain.
See vertigo, stomachal.

sicopirin, sicopyrin (sik-o-pi'-rin). C16H12O5. A
glucosidal body found by Peckolt in the root-bark of
Bowditchia virgiloides.

Sida (si'-dah) [alSrj, a malvaceous plant]. A genus
of plants of the order Malvacece. S. paniculata, a
species of Peru, is an active vermifuge. Its action is
believed to be due to the very minute but resisting
bristles which cover its leaves. 5. rhombifolia, Queens-
land hemp, containing a great amount of mucilage,
is used in Australia for snake-bite, pulmonary com-
plaints, and in making poultices.

side (sid) [ME.]. A lateral half of the body or of
any bilateral organ, s.-bone. 1. The hip-bone. 2.
The diseased or disordered condition in horses which
causes the lateral cartilages above the heels to ossify.
3. An abnormal ossification of the lateral elastic car-
tilage in a horse's foot, s.-chain, see receptor, s.-
chain theory, see under lateral and under immunity.

siderant, siderante (sid'-er-ant, sid-er-an'-te) [sid-
erari, to be blasted or planet struck]. Character-
ized by sudden and abrupt onset as though the result
of malign astral influences.

sideration (sid-er-a'-shun) [sideratio, blight pro-
duced by the stars]. 1. Apoplexy. 2. Gangrene. 3.
Lightning-stroke. 4. Therapeutic application of
electric sparks.

siderism (sid'-er-izm) [siderites, the lodestone].
The curative influences long supposed to be exerted
over the body by the lodestone ; metallotherapy.

siderodromophobia (sid-er-o-dro-mo-fo'-be-ah) [<ri-
dripos, iron; 8p6p,os, way; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread
of traveling by railway.

siderophilous (sid-er-off'-il-us) [<ridr)pos, iron; cpiXeiv,
to love]. Applied to cells that show a tendency to
take up iron, e. g., the red blood-corpuscles.

siderophone (sid' -er-o-fon) [alSypos, iron; 4>ut>ri, a
sound]. An electric appliance devised by Martin
Jannson (1902) as an improvement upon Asmus'
sideroscope for detecting the presence of small splin-
ters of iron.

sideroscope (sid-er-o-skop1) [<rL8ripos, iron; oko-kHv,
to examine]. An instrument for the detection of
particles of iron or steel in the eyes.

siderosis (sid-er-o'-sis) [al8r]pos, iron]. 1. A pig-
mentation by a deposit of particles of iron; speci-
fically, a chronic interstitial pneumonia caused by
the inhalation of particles of iron. 2. A recognized
type of lung disease (pneumokoniosis) due to the in-
halation of metallic dust. Cf. anthracosis ; chalicosis;
silicosis. 3. An excess of iron in the system.

sidonal (si'-don-al). See piper azin quinate. s.,
new, quinic acid anhydride, a white, tasteless powder,
soluble in water, used as a uric-acid solvent. Dose
75-120 gr. (5-8 Gm.) daily, given in 4 or more
doses.

Siebold's operation (se'-bolt) [Eduard Caspar Jacob
von Siebold, German surgeon, 1801-1861]. Hebot-
omy, q. v.

Siegle's otoscope, S.'s speculum (se'-gleh) [Emil
Siegle, German otologist, 1833- ]. An instrument
consisting of a glass-covered box with a conical pro-
jection and a rubber tube attached laterally. When
the conical projection is inserted firmly into the exter-
nal auditory canal, and the air is compressed or rare-
fied, the movements of the drum-membrane may be
observed. It is also used for the purpose of render-
ing the articulations of the ossicles mobile.

Siemerling's nucleus (se'-mer-ling). The antero-

ventral nucleus of the anterior group of oculomotor
nuclei in the gray matter below the Sylvian aqueduct.

Sieur's sign. "Signe du sou." A clear, metallic
sound sometimes heard in cases of pleural effusion on
percussing the chest in front with two coins and aus-
cultating behind.

sieve (siv). A vessel with a reticulated bottom,
used for the separation of pulverized from coarse sub-
stances. The gauge of the sieve is usually expressed
in the number of meshes per square inch, s., bone,
the ethmoid bone, s.-cells, long cells of tubular or
prismatic form constituting an essential element in
fibro-vascular bundles of the inner bark of exogenous
stems. They are peculiar in the possession of cir-
cumscribed panels, with fine perforations, which allow
of communication between contiguous cells, s.-disc.
See s.-plate. s.-hypha, a hypha in which sieve-plates
occur, s.-plates, the perforated panels of sieve-cells
occurring at the points of contact of sieve-cells, s.-
pores, the perforation in the panels of sieve-cells, s.-
tissue, a cellular tissue made up of thin-walled cells
which possess areas with sieve-like markings. The
tissue is characteristic of the phloem, s.-tubes. See
s.-cells. s.-vessel. See s.-cells.

sig. (sig). Abbreviation for signa, "label it," or for
"signetur," "let it be labeled."

Sigault's, Sigaultian Operation (se-go, se-go'-shun)
[Jean Rene Sigault, French obstetrician]. Symphy- '
seotomy.

sigh (si) [AS., sican, to sigh]. A prolonged and
deep inspiration followed by a shorter expiration.
Syn., suspirium.

sighing (si'-ing) [ME., sighen," to sigh]. 1. The
act of giving forth a sigh. 2. A deep respiration
accompanied by sighs. 3. Characterized by sighs.

sight (sit) [AS., siht]. The act of seeing; the spe-
cial sense concerned in seeing, s., day-, hemeralopia.
s., far-, s., long, hyperopia, s., night-, nyctalopia.
s., old, presbyopia, s., short-, myopia, s., weak,
asthenopia.

sigillation (sij-il-a'-shun) [sigillum, a seal]. The
mark of a cicatrix.

sigmatism (sig'-mat-izm) [see sigmoid}. 1. De-
fective utterance of the sound of s. 2. The too fre-
quent use of the s sound in speech.

sigmoid (sig' -moid) [<rlyp.a, the Greek a; el8os, like-
ness]. 1. Shaped like the letter S. 2. Pertaining
to the sigmoid flexure of the colon, as the sigmoid
artery, the sigmoid mesocolon, s. catheter, one sha-
ped like an S, for passing into the female bladder.
s. cavities, two depressions on the head of the ulna;
the greater is for articulation with the humerus; the
lesser, on the outer side of the coronoid process, is
for articulation with the radius, s. flexure, an S-
shaped bend in the colon between the descending
portion and the rectum, usually occupying the left
iliac fossa, s. fossa, an S-shaped groove on the mas-
toid process, s. gyrus, the S-shaped cerebral fold
about and behind the cruciate fissure in carnivora.
s. mesocolon, the fold of the peritoneum attaching
the sigmoid flexure of the colon to the left iliac fossa,
s. notch, see notch, s. valves, the cardiac semilunar
valves.

sigmoidectomy (sig-moi-dek'-to-me) [sigmoid (2);
Uropii), excision]. Excision of a part of the sigmoid
flexure of the colon.

sigmoiditis (sig-moi-di'-tis) [sigmoid; tra, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the sigmoid flexure of the
colon.

sigmoido- (sig-moi-do-) [sigmoid]. A prefix de-
noting relation to the sigmoid flexure.

sigmoidopexy (sig-moid' -o-peks-e) [sigmoido- ; nyfe,
a fixing]. An operation for prolapse of the rectum by
fixation of the sigmoid flexure.

sigmoidoproctostomy (sig-moid-o-prok-tos'-to-me)
[sigmoido-; proctostomy]. Anastomosis of the sig-
moid flexure of the colon with the rectum.

sigmoidoscope (sig-moid' -o-skop) [sigmoido-; <tko-
vtlv, to view]. An appliance for the inspection of the
sigmoid flexure; it differs from the proctoscope in its
greater length and diameter.

sigmoidoscopy (sig-moid-os'-ko-pe) [see sigmoidos-
cope]. Visual inspection of the sigmoid flexure with
the aid of special instruments.

sigmoidostomy (sig-moid-os'-to-me) [sigmoido-; <tt6-
na, mouth]. The formation of an artificial anus in
the sigmoid flexure of the colon.

sign (sin) [signum, a mark]. 1. A mark or evi-
dence; in a restricted sense, a physical sign. 2. A
conventional character used in pharmacy or other-

SIGNA

803

SILVER

wise, s., accessory, a non-pathognomonic sign, s.,
antecedent, a sign which precedes an attack of a dis-
ease, s., assident, same as sign, accessory, s., cling.
See Gersuny's symptom, s., coin. See bell sound, s.,
commemorative, a sign of some previous disease, s.,
echo, the involuntary repetition of the last syllable,
word, or clause of a sentence, s.-language, the meth-
od of intercommunication employed by deaf-mutes,
in which ideas are communicated by means of signs.
s., objective, one apparent to the observer, s., pal-
moplanar. See Filipovitch's sign, s.s, physical, the
symptoms derived from auscultation, percussion, etc.
s., subjective, one recognized only by the patient.

signa (sig'-nah) [sign]. Mark. In prescription-
writing, a term placed before the physician's direc-
tions to the patient concerning the medicine prescri-
bed ; abbreviated to S. or Sig.

signal (sig'-nal) [signum, a sign]. A sign, s., Marcel
Duprez', the interruption of an electric current pro-
duced by a tuning-fork of ioo vibrations per second.

signaletic (sig-nal-et'-ik). Relating to signaliza-
tion.

signalization, signalment (sig-nal-i-za'-shun, sig'-
nal-ment). See Bertillonage and identification.

signarura (sig-nat-u'-rah) [L.]. i. Signature. 2.
A characteristic mark. 3. The directions showing
how medicines are to be taken.

signature (sig'-nat-ur) [sign]. 1. The part of the
prescription that is to be placed on the label. 2. A
distinguishing character, signatures, doctrine of,
a theory that the medicinal uses of plants or other
objects can be determined from the signatures or
peculiar characters.

Signorelli's sign (sen-yor-el'-e) [Angelo Signorelli,
Italian physician]. Pressure on the glenoid fossa, in
front of the mastoid process, causes pain in cases of
meningitis.

signum (sig'-num) [L., pi., signa]. A mark, sign,
or indication.

siguatera {sig-wah-te'-rah) [Sp., "fish-poisoning"].
1. The name given by Spanish colonists to a complex
of symptoms that resulted from eating poisonous
fishes indigenous to certain hot countries. 2. Pois-
oning from the ingestion of fresh food uninfected by
bacteria, but in which the toxin is a leukomaine formed
by the physiological activity of the tissues.

sikimin (sik'-im-in) [sikkim, a region of the Him-
alaya]. A poisonous principle derived from Illicium
religiosum.

silbamine (siV -bam-en) . Fluoride of silver, used
for irrigating the urethra and bladder.

silberol (siV -ber-ol) . See silver paraphenolsul-
phonate.

silex (si'-leks) [L.]. See silica.

Silex's sign (si'-leks). Radial furrows about the
mouth, and coincidently in other parts of the face;
a pathognomonic sign of congenital syphilis. S.'s
test for glucose in urine. Add ammonia in excess
to a strong solution of silver nitrate; add the urine,
and boil. In the presence of glucose a metallic silver
mirror is deposited at the bottom of the tube. Alde-
hyde and tartaric acid give the same reaction.

silica (sil'-ik-ah) [silex, flint]. Silicon dioxide,
SiOi, occurring in nature in the form of quartz, flint,
and other minerals.

silicate (sil'-ik-at) [silica]. A salt of silicic acid.

silicic acid (sil-is'-ik) [silica), H4Si04. A tetra-
basic acid forming the silicates. See sodium silicate.
_ silicide (sil'-is-id) [silex, flint]. A combination of
silicon with another element.

silicious, siliceous (sil-ish'-us) [silex, flint]. Hav-
ing the nature of or containing silicon.

silicium (sil-ish'-e-um). See silicon.

silicofluoride (sil-ik-o-fiu'-o-rid). A compound of
silicon and fluorine with some other element.

silicol (sil'-ik-ol) [silex, flint]. An alcohol from a
silicon or silicon-carbon radical.

silicon (sil'-ik-on) [silica], A nonmetallic element
occurring widely distributed in nature as silica, Si02,
and in the form of silicates. Atomic weight 28.3;
symbol Si; valence iv. It resembles carbon in its
chemical behavior, s. carbide, a compound prepared
by heating in an electric furnace silica and carbon in
the presence of salt. Next to the diamond it is the
hardest substance known. The pure salt forms col-
orless, transparent laminae of diamond-like luster.
Its specific gravity is 3.22 and its index of hardness
9.5- s. tetracetate, Si(0. C2H30)4, aceto-orthosilicic
anhydrid, a substance occurring in prismatic crystals.

silicosis (sil-ik-o'-sis) [silica]. A deposit of par-

ticles of silica in the tissues; specifically, a chronic
fibroid condition of the lung or the bronchial lym-
phatic glands, produced by the inhalation of par-
ticles of silica.

siliqua (sil-ik'-wah) [siliqua, a husk or pod; pi.,
siliqua]. Same as silique. s. olivse, s. olivae ex-
terna, the nerve-fibers encircling the olive, s. olivae
interna, dentoliva.

silique (sil-ek') [siliqua, a husk or pod]. In biology,
the slender, two-valved capsule of some Cruciferce.

siliquose (sil'-ik-wos). Resembling a silique. s.
cataract, see cataract.

silk [ME.]. The simplest and most perfect of the
textile fibers. It differs from all other fibers in that
it is found in nature as a continuous fine thread. Silk
is the product of the silkworm (Bombyx mori), and is
simply the fiber that the worm spins around itself
for protection when entering the pupa or cyrysalis
state. The silk-fiber consists, to the extent of rather
more than half its weight, of fibroin, C15H23N5O6, a
nitrogenous principle. Covering this is the silk-glue,
or sericin, C15H25N5O8. The most important physical
properties of the silk-fiber are its luster, strength, and
avidity for moisture. Besides the true silk, we have
several socalled "wild silks," the most important of
which is the tusser silk, the product of the larva of
the moth, Anthercea mylitta, found in India. The
cocoons are much larger than those of the true silk-
worm, are egg-shaped, and of a silvery drab color.
The cocoon is very firm and hard, and the silk is of a
drab color. It is used for the buff-colored Indian
silks, and latterly largely in the manufacture of silk
plush. Other wild silks are the eria silk of India, the
muga silk of Assam, the atlas or fagara silk of China,
and the yama-mai silk of Japan. Silk has been used
as a hemostatic, s., epispastic, silk containing some
vesicant, s. floss, dentists', untwisted filaments of
fine silk prepared expressly for the purpose of clean-
ing the surfaces of the teeth, and used by some den-
tists for finishing the surfaces of fillings in the sides of
teeth, s. gelatin, a glutinous mass formed by boiling
certain kinds of raw silk in water. It is used in bac-
teriology as a culture-medium for the majority of
bacilli of water and air. s. -grass, pineapple fiber.
s., saddler's, a heavy silk used by saddlers and to
some extent in surgery, s., Tait's, cable twist; it
differs from ordinary silk in containing the gums or
animal matter imparted by the worm in the spinning
process.

silkworm-gut. The thread drawn from the silk-
worm killed when ready to spin the cocoon.

sillonneur (sil-on-ur') [Fr.]. A three-bladed scalpel
used by ophthalmologists.

silphologic (sil-fol-oj'-ik) [<Ti\<t>v, an insect; \6yosT
science]. Larval.

silphology (sil-fol'-o-je) [aCKfo, an insect; \6yosr
science]. The morphology and development of larvae,

silver. See argentum. s. arsenite, AgsAsCh, air
alterative and antiseptic; used in skin diseases. Dose
ihs-ik gr. (0.0006-0.001 1 Gm.). s.-casein, a fine
white powder, soluble in hot water, obtained from
sodium casein by action of silver nitrate and al-
cohol. It is used in gonorrhea in 2 to 10% solutions,
s. chloride, AgCl, a white powder, soluble in ammon-
ium, potassium thiosulphate, or potassium cyanide.
It is used as an antiseptic and a nerve-sedative. Dose
i-f-15 gr. (0.02-0.05-0. 1 G-m.). Syn., horn-silver;
Luna cornea, s. citrate, AgsCsHsOr, a fine dry pow-
der soluble in 3800 parts of water, used as a surgical
antiseptic and disinfectant. Application 1 to 2%
ointment or 1 : 4000 solution. Syn., itrol. s., col-
loidal, a form of metallic silver consisting of heavy
greenish-black particles of metallic luster which, when
triturated with water, form a greenish-black fluid. It
is used in the treatment of septic diseases, applied in
the form of an ointment. Syn., argentum colloidale;
argentum Crede; collargol. s. cyanide. See argenti
cyanidum under argentum. s. fluoride, AgFl, a brown,
glassy, elastic solid, very soluble in water, discovered
by Paternoin 1901. It is used as an antiseptic. Syn.
tachiol. s.-fork deformity, a peculiar deformitv of the
wrist and hand in Colles' fracture, resembling the
curve on the back of a fork. s. gelatose, aibargin.
s. ichthyolate, see ichthargan. s. iodide, see argenti
iodidum under argentum. s. lactate, AgC3H503 +
H2O, a white, soluble powder, recommended as a
surgical antiseptic. Injection in erysipelas 5 gr.
(0.3 Gm.) to 3T3ff oz. (100 Co), of water; as a
wash, 1 teaspoonful of solution 1 : 50 in a
glass of water. Syn., actol. s. nitrate, see argenti

SILVESTER'S METHOD

804

SINISTROCARDIAL

nitras under argentum. s. nucleate, s. nucleide, see
nargol. s. oxide, see argenti oxidum under argentum.
s. paraphenol-sulphonate, an external antiseptic.
Syn., silberol. s. and potassium cyanide, AgK(CN)2,
very poisonous white crystals, soluble in 4 parts of
water at 200 C. or 25 parts of 85% alcohol. It is
antiseptic and bactericide. One part in 50,000 de-
stroys anthrax bacilli, s.-protalbin, see largin. s.
sulphocarbolate, s. sulphophenate, a fine, crystalline
powder containing about 28% of metallic silver; it is
a noncorrosive antiseptic, used in eye diseases and
wounds, s. test for glucose in urine, add ammonia
in excess to a strong solution of silver nitrate; add the
urine and boil. In the presence of glucose a metallic
silver mirror is deposited at the bottom of the tube.
Aldehyde and tartaric acid give the same reaction, s.
thiohydrocarburosulphonate, see ichthargan. s. tri-
nitrophenolate, a compound containing 30% of silver,
used as an antiseptic on inflamed mucous surfaces.
Syn., picratol. s. vitellin. see argyrol.

Silvester's method of artificial respiration (sil-ves'-
ter) [Henry Robert Silvester, English physician, 1828-
1908]. It consists chiefly of movements of the arms;
this method is valueless in asphyxia neonatorum, ow-
ing to nondevelopment of the pectoral muscles.

Simaba (sim-a'-bah) [native name in Guiana]. A
genus of simarubaceous tropical trees. The seeds
of S. cedron are antiperiodic and tonic. Dose of
fluidextract 1-8 min. (0.06-0.5 Cc). It contains,
according to Tanret, the alkaloid cedronine and also
cedritt. The bark also has tonic and febrifuge prop-
erties.

Simaruba (sim-ar-oo'-bah). A genus of trees of the
order Simarubacece. The bark of the root of 5. offi-
cinalis has been used as a simple bitter.

similia similibus curantur, doctrine of. A sophism
formulated by Hippocrates, later by Paracelsus
("simile similis cura, non contrarium"), and later, as
one of the results of the reaction against the heroic
measures of venesection and drastic medication, by
Samuel Christian Friedrich Hahnemann, the founder
of homeopathy, whose doctrine that like is to be cured
by like led naturally to the practice of isopathy (q. v.),
according to which smallpox is to be treated by var-
iolous pus, tapeworm by ingestion of proglottides, etc.

similimum (sim-il'-im-um) [L., "most like"].
The homeopathic remedy which will produce the
symptom complex "most like" that of a given disease.

Simon's operation. 1. Perineorraphy. 2. Colpo-
cleisis. S.'s posture, the dorsal posture with the
legs and thighs flexed, the hips elevated, and the
thighs abducted. S.'s symptom, immobility or
retraction of the umbilicus during inspiration,
sometimes seen in tuberculous meningitis. S.'s
triangles, two roughly triangular areas covering —
(1) the lower portion of the abdomen, the inner
surface of the thigh to a point 10 to 12 centimeters
below the pubes, and the inguinal region as far
outward as the trochanter (abdominocrural or
femoral triangle); and (2) the axillary and pectoral
regions :and the inner surface of the arm (brachial
triangle). They are frequently the seat of petechial
or petechio-ery thematous rashes during the first three
days of smallpox.

Simon's symptom-complex (se'-mon). In primary
cancer of the female breast, metastasis may involve
the hypophysis and produce polyuria.

Simonart's bands, S.'s threads (se-mo-nar') [Pierre
Joseph Cecilien Simonart, Belgian obstetrician,
1 817-1847]. Amniotic bands formed by drawn-
out adhesions between the fetus and the amnion
where the cavity has become distended through the
accumulation of fluid.

Simonelli's test for renal inadequacy (se-mo-nel'-le)
[Francesco Simonelli, Italian physician]. If the
kidneys are healthy, iodine administered appears
at the same time in the urine and the saliva.

simple (sim'-pl) [simplex, simple]. 1. Not com-
plex; consisting of but "one substance, or containing
only one active substance; not compound. 2. Want-
ing in intellect. 3. A medicinal plant. See simples.

simpler, simplist (sim'-pler, sim'-plist). A herb-
doctor.

simples (sim'-plz) [simple]. A term for herbs
having a medicinal value.

Simpson's plug or splint [William Kelly Simpson,
American laryngologist, 1855-1914]- A tampon or
splint, cut to fit the nares, and inserted to stop
epistaxis or to retain the parts in apposition after
operation on the nasal septum.

Sims' depressor [James Marion Sims, American
gynecologist, 1813-1883]. An instrument for de-
pressing the anterior vaginal wall. S.'s posture,
the semiprone position for vaginal operations.
The patient lies on the left side with the right knee
and thigh drawn up and the left arm placed along
the back; the chest is inclined forward so that the
patient rests upon it. S.'s speculum, the duckbill
vaginal speculum.

simul (si'-mul) [L.]. At once; at the same time.

simulation (sim-u-la'-shun) [simulatio; simulare,
to feign]. In medicine, the feigning or counter-
feiting of disease. The pretence of a malingerer.

simulium reptans (sim-u'-le-um). A biting insect
believed to convey the infective agent of pellagra.

simulo (sim'-u-lo). The fruit of certain species of
Capparis, especially C. coriacea, of Peru; it is recom-
mended as a cure for epilepsy, and possesses anti-
scorbutic and stimulant properties. Dose of the
tincture 5 i-iij; of the fluidextract 3 ss-iij.

sinal (si'-nal). Relating to or situated within a
sinus.

sinalbin (sin-al'-bin). A white crystalline sub-
stance, found in mustard, q. v.

sinamine (sin'-am-en), C3H5CN. Allyl cyanamide,
a substance obtained from crude oil of mustard.

sinapeleum (sin-ap-el'-e-um) [alvain, mustard;
Zkawv, oil]. Mustard-oil.

sinapin (sin'-ap-in) [alvain, mustard], C16N23OS.
A substance occurring as a sulphocyanate in white
mustard.

sinapis (sin-a'-pis). Mustard. , See mustard.

sinapiscopy (sin-ap-is'-ko-pe) [aivawi, mustard;
anoireiv, to view]. The use of mustard as a test of
sensory disturbances, analogous to a similar use of
metalloscopy.

sinapism (sin'-ap-izm) [sinapis]. A mustard-
plaster.

sinapized (sin'-ap-izd) [sinapis]. Containing
mustard.

sinapol (sin'-ap-ol). A mixture recommended as
an application for neuralgia, rheumatism, etc., said
to consist of spirit of rosemary (1 : 15), 780 Gm.;
castor-oil, 120 Gm.; menthol, 30 Gm.; essence of
mustard, 30 Gm.; aconitine, 0.4 Gm.

sinapolin (sin-ap'-ol-in). Diallylurea, a substance
obtained from mustard oil by heating with water
and lead oxide.

sincalin (sing'-ka-lin). A base found in mustard
and identified with cholin.

sincipital {sin-sip' -it-al) [sinciput]. Pertaining to
the sinciput.

sinciput (sin'-sip-ut) [semi, half; caput, head].
The superior and anterior part of the head. Also,
the top of the head ; the bregma.

sinew (sin'-u). A tendon (q. v.).

singers' nodes or nodules. Chorditis nodosa or
tuberosa, q. v.

singult (sin'-gult) [singultus, a sobbing]. A sob.

singultation (sin-gul-ta'-shun) [singultus, hiccup].
Hiccupping.

singultient (sin-gul' -she-ent) . Sobbing; sighing.

singultous (sin-gult'-us). Relating to or affected
with hiccup.

singultus (sin-gul'-tus). See hiccup.

sinigrin (sin'-ig-rin). A glucoside found in black
mustard.

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum [L.]. Left.

sinistrad (sin'-is-trad) [sinister, left; ad, toward].
Toward the left.

sinistral (sin'-is-tral) [sinister]. 1. On the left side.
2. Showing preference for the left hand, eye, foot,
etc., for certain acts or functions.

sinistrality (sin-is-tral'-it-e) [sinister]. The prefer-
ence generally for the left hand, eye, foot, etc., in
performing certain acts.

sinistration (sin-is-tra'-shun). 1. A turning to the
left. 2. Sinistrality.

sinistraural (sin-is-traw'-ral) [sinister; auris, ear].
Left-eared; the reverse is dextr aural.

sinistren (sin'-is-tren) [sinister, left]. Belonging
to the sinistral side in itself.

sinistrin (sin' -is-trin) [sinister]. A substance re-
sembling dextrin, found in squill, s., animal. See
under helicoprotein.

sinistro- (sin-is-tro-) [sinister, left]. A prefix
meaning left or toward the left side.

sinistrocardial (sin-is-tro-kar'-de-al) [sinistro-; nap-
Ma, heart]. Having the heart to the left of the
median line; the reverse is dextr ocar dial.

SINISTROCEREBRAL

805

SIROLIN

sinistrocerebral (sin-is-tro-ser'-e-bral) . i. Located
in the left cerebral hemisphere. 2. Functionating
preferentially with the left side of the brain; the
reverse is dextrocerebral.

sinistrocular {sin-is-trok' -u-lar) . Left-eyed; the
reverse is dextt ocular.

sinistrogyric (sin-is-tro-ji'-rik). See sinistrorse.

sinistrohepatal (sin-is-tro-hep'-at-al) [sinistro-;
fjirap, liver]. Having the liver to the left of the
median line; the reverse is dextrohepatal.

sinistromanual (sin-is-tro-man'-u-al) [sinistro- ;
manus, hand]. Left-handed; the reverse is dextro-
manual.

sinistropedal (sin-is-trop'-ed-al) [sinistro-; pes,
foot]. Left -footed; the reverse is dextropedal.

sinistrophoria {sin-is-tro-fo' -re-ah) . See levophoria.

sinistrorse (sin'-is-trors) [sinistro-; verier e, to
turn]. In biology, turning from right to left.

sinistrose (sin'-is-tros). A levorotatory sugar;
levulose.

sinistrosplenic (sin-is-tro-splen'-ik). Having the
spleen to the left of the median line; the reverse is
dextrosplenic.

sinistrotorsion (sin-is-tro-tor'-shun) [sinistro-; tor-
quere, to turn]. A twisting or turning toward the
left; the reverse is dextrotorsion.

sinistrous (sin'-is-trus). Awkward; unskilled;
the reverse is dextrous, skilled, expert.

sinkaline, sinkoline {sink'-al-en, sink' -ol-en) . An
alkaloid found in mustard, identical with choline,
q. v.

sinual (sin'-u-al) [sinus, a curve]. Possessing the
characteristics of a sinus.

sinuation (sin-u-a'-shun) [sinuatus, from sinuare,
to bend]. 1. The state of being sinuate or sinuous.
2. A cerebral gyre.

sinuatrial. Same as sinuauricular.

sinuauricular isi-nu-aw-rik' -u-lar) [sinus; auricula,
auricle]. Pertaining ' to the sinus venosus and the
right auricle of the heart.

sinuitis. See sinusitis.

sinuose (sin'-u-os). Same as sinuous.

sinuosity {sin-u-os' -it-e) [sinuare, to bend]. An-
fractuosity; the state of being sinuous or bent.

sinuous (sin'-u-us) [sinuosus; sinus, a curve].
Wavy; applied especially to tortuous fistulae and
sinuses.

sinus (si'-nus) [L., "a gulf or hollow"]. 1. A
hollow or cavity; a recess or pocket. 2. The space
between the breasts. 3. A large channel containing
blood, especially one containing venous blood.
4. A suppurating tract. 5- A cavity within a bone.
sinuses, accessory, of the nose, the maxillary, frontal,
ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses, s., air-, a cavity
within bones containing air, especially one com-
municating with the nasal passages, s. alae parvae,
the sphenoparietal sinus situated along the posterior
border of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
s., aortic, one of the pouch-like dilatations of the aorta
opposite the segments of the semilunar valves.
s., cavernous, a large venous sinus extending
from the sphenoidal fissure to the apex of the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, communi-
cating behind with the inferior and superior
petrosal sinuses and receiving the ophthalmic vein
in front, s., circular, a venous sinus surrounding
the pituitary body, and communicating on each side
with the cavernous sinus, s. circularis iridis. See
Schlemm's canal, s., common, of the vestibule.
See utricle (1). s., coronary (of the heart), a large
venous sinus in the transverse groove between the
left auricle and left ventricle of the heart, s. ensi-
formis, the sinus of Eternod, a vascular loop connect-
ing the vessels of the chorion with the vessels on the
under aspect of the yolk-sac. s., ethmoid, the
ethmoid cells, s., frontal, one of the two irregular
cavities in the frontal bone containing air and
communicating with the nose by the infundibulum.
s. of the heart, the chief cavity of either of the
auricles, s., inferior longitudinal, a venous sinus
which extends along the posterior half of the lower
border of the falx cerebri and terminates in the
straight sinus, s., inferior petrosal, a large venous
sinus arising from the cavernous sinus running along
the lower margin of the petrous portion of the
temporal bone, and joining the lateral sinus to form
the internal jugular vein. s. intercavernosus,
anterior and posterior, sinuses extending across
the hypophyseal fossa and connecting the cavernous
sinuses of both sides, s. of kidney, the prolongation

inward of the hilum of the kidney, s. of the larnyx,
the ventricle of the larynx, s., lateral, a venous
sinus which begins at the torcular Herophili and runs
horizontally on the inner surface of the occipital
bone to the base of the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone, where it unites with the inferior petrosal
sinus to form the internal jugular vein, s., lymph,
spaces in the parenchyma of a lymphatic gland
between the pulp of the gland and the dilatations
of lymphatic vessels, sinuses, mastoid, the mastoid
cells, s., maxillary, the antrum of Highmore.
s., occipital, a small venous sinus in the attached
margin of the falx cerebelli, opening into the torcular
Herophili. s., petrosquamosal. See petrosquamosal
sinus, s.-phlebitis, inflammation of one of the sinuses
of the cranial cavity, s., placental, slanting venous
channels issuing from the placenta at its uterine
surface by piercing the decidua serotina. s. pocularis,
a large lacuna in the center of the prostatic portion
of the urethra, sinuses, precaval. See ducts of
Cuvier. s., precervical, a recess between the lower-
most branchial arch and the trunk of the embryo.
s., prostatic, a fossa on each side of the verumon-
tanum. s. rectus. Same as 5-. straight, s., rhom-
boid, s. rhomboideus, the fourth ventricle of the brain,
s., sagittal. See s., inferior and superior longitudinal.
s., sphenoid, the air-space in the body of the sphenoid
bone, communicating with the nasal cavity, s.,
sphenoparietal. Same as 5. alee parvce. s., squamo-
sopetrosal. See petrosquamosal sinus, s., straight,
a venous sinus running from the inferior longitudinal
sinus along the junction of the falx cerebri and ten-
torium to the lateral sinus, s., superior longitudinal,
a venous sinus which runs along the upper edge of
the falx cerebri, beginning in front of the crista galli
and terminating at the torcular Herophili. s.,
superior petrosal, a venous sinus running in a groove
in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, extending
from the posterior part of the cavernous sinus to the
lateral sinus, s., terminal, s. terminalis, a vein that
encircles the vascular area of the blastoderm, and
empties either by one trunk, the anterior vitelline
vein, into the left vitelline vein, or by two trunks
into both vitelline veins, s. -thrombosis, throm-
bosis of the sinuses of the dura mater of the brain.
It is usually septic in character, and is likely to lead
to pyemia. The most frequent cause is disease of
the middle ear. s., transverse, a sinus uniting the
inferior petrosal sinuses, s., urogenital, the canal
or duct into which, in the embryo, the Wolffian ducts
and the bladder empty, and which opens into the
cloaca, s. venosus. 1. The chamber of the lower
vertebrate heart into which empty the veins returning
the blood from the body. 2. The vessel in the sep-
tum transversum of the embryonic mammalian heart
into which open the vitelline", and allantoic veins,
and the ducts of Cuvier. 3- That portion of the
adult right auricle back of the crista terminalis. _

sinusitis (si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of a sinus.
s., serous, s., chronic catarrhal. See mucocele.

sinusoid (si'-nus-oid) [sinus; eidos, likeness].
1. Resembling a sinus. 2. One of the relatively
large spaces or tubes constituting the embryonic
circulatory system in the suprarenal gland, liver, and
other viscera.

sinusoidal (si-nus-oid'-al). Pertaining to or
derived from a sinusoid, s. current, an alternating
induced electrical current with equal current strokes.

sinusoidalization {sin-us-oi-dal-i-za' -shun) . The
application of a sinusoidal current.

sionagra (si-on-a'-grah) [aiay&v, the jaw-bone;
aypa, a seizure]. Gout in the jaw-bone.

siphon (si'-fon) [atyuv, a tube]. A tube bent at
an angle, one arm of which is longer than the other,
for the purpose of removing liquids from a cavity or
vessel.

siphonage (si'-fon-aj) [ai<f>uv, a siphon]. The
action of a siphon, such as in washing out the stomach,
in drainage of wounds, or in house-plumbing.

siphonoma (si-fon-o'-mah) [siphon; 6fia, tumor].
A tumor composed of fine tubes. Syn., Henle's
tubular tumor.

siren (si'-ren). Same as sirenomelus.

sirenomelus (si-ren-om'-el-us) [aeiprjv, mermaid;
lik\os, a limb]. A form of monster in which the
lower extremities are intimately fused, the feet being
absent.

siriasis (sir-i'-as-is). Sunstroke.

sirolin (sir'-ol-in). Thiocol, 10 %, in a syrup of
orange bark. It is used in tuberculosis, bronchitis,

SIRUP

806

SKIN

and intestinal catarrh. Dose 3 or 4 teaspoonfuls
(15720 Cc.) daily.

sirup {sir' -up). See syrup.

Sisymbrium (sis-im'-bre-um) [o-iovpfipiov, from
avs, a pig; opfiptos, rainy, wet; a plant growing in
wet places where swine wallowed]. A genus of
cruciferous plants. 5. officinale, wild mustard,
singer's herb, is a European species, laxative, diuretic,
and expectorant, and is employed in laryngeal ca-
tarrh and laryngitis. Dose 3 cupfuls a day of a
decoction of 30 Gm. of the leaves, sweetened with
60 Gm. of a syrup of the drug made in the usual way.

site (sit) [situs, place]. Situation, s., placental,
the area to which the placenta is attached.

sitfast. In farriery, a piece of dead tissue in the
skin which would be thrown off but that it has
formed firm connections with the fibrous skin be-
neath, or with the deeper tissues, and is thus bound
in its place as a persistent source of irritation.

sitieirgia (sit-e-ir'-je-ah) [o-ltIov, food; eipyeue, to shut
out]. Sollier's term for hysterical anorexia.

sitiology (si-te-oV -o-je) . See sitology.

sitiomania (sit-e-o-ma'-ne-ah) . See sitomania.

sitiophobia (sit-e-o-fo' -be-ah) . See sitophobia.

sitogen (si'-to-jen). A vegetable food-product
intended to replace meat-extracts.

sitology (si-tol'-o-je) [<jltl6v, nourishment; ~K6yos,
a treatise]. The science of nourishment or dietetics.

sitomania (si-to-ma'-ne-ah) [alros, food; pavla,
madness]. 1. A periodic craving for food; periodic
bulimia. 2. Sitophobia.

sitophobia (si-to-fo' -be-ah) [alros, food; </>6j8os,
fear]. Morbid aversion to food.

sitotoxicon (si-to-toks' -ik-on) [o-Ltos, food; to^ikov,
poison]. The active poisonous agent in sitotoxism;
all sitotoxicons are not of bacterial origin.

sitotoxin (si-to-toks' -in) [see sitotoxicon]. Any
basic poison generated in vegetable food by growth
of bacteria or fungi.

sitotoxism (si-to-toks' -izm) [see sitotoxicon]. Poison-
ing with vegetable food infected with molds and
bacteria.

situs (si'-tus) [L., "site"]. A position, s. per-
versus, malposition of one or more of the viscera.
s. transversus. Same as s. inversus, s. viscerum
inversus, an anomaly in which the viscera of the
body are changed from the normal to the opposite
side of the body.

sitz-bath (sits' -bath) [Ger., Sitz, a seat; bath]. A
hip-bath ; a bath taken in a sitting posture.

six hundred and six. See salvarsan.

sixth nerve. The abducens nerve. See nerves,
table of.

Sjoeqvist's test for the quantitative estimation
of free HC1 in the gastric juice (syo'-kvist) [John
August Sjoeqvist, Swedish physician, 1863- ].
It depends upon the action of barium carbonate on
the acid of the secretion, the hydrochloric acid being
estimated as barium chloride by means of titration
with a solution of potassium dichromate.

skatol (skat'-ol) [aaaros, gen. of o-kup, dung],
C9H9N, methyl indol; it is a nitrogenous compound
produced by the decomposition of proteids in the
intestinal canal.

skatophagia (skat-o-fa' -je-ah) . See scatophagia.

skatoxyl (skat-oks'-il) [o-Kibp (<tkclt-), dung; 6|uj,
acid]. A product of the oxidation of skatol. It is
obtained from the urine in cases of disease of the
large intestine.

Skeer's sign. A yellowish-brown ring near the
pupillary margin of the iris, observed in the early
stage of some cases of tuberculous meningitis.

skein (skan) [ME., skeyne, skein]. 1. A fixed
length of any thread or yarn of silk or other material,
doubled again and again and knotted. 2. A syno-
nym of spirem. s., close. See spirem. s., loose,
the thickened chromatin fibrils resulting from a
loosening of the spirem or close skein in mitotic
cell-division, skeins, test. See Holmgren's test.

skeletal (skeV -et-al) [skeleton]. Pertaining to or
connected with the skeleton or supporting structure
of a body, s.-muscle, a muscle attached to the
skeleton, s.-tissue, the tissue of the framework of
the body.

skeletins (skeV -et-inz) [skeleton]. A name given
to a number of insoluble epithelial products found
chiefly in invertebrates.

skeletization (skel-et-i-za' -shun) [skeleton]. 1. The
process of converting into a skeleton; gradual wasting
of the soft parts, leaving only the skeleton.

skeleto- (skel-et-o-) [skeleton]. A prefix meaning
relating to the skeleton.

skeletogenous (skel-et-oj'-en-us) [skeleto-; yevvav,
to produce]. Producing a skeleton or skeletal tissues.

skeletography (skel-et-og'-ra-fe) [skeleto-; ypafaiv,
to write]. A description of the skeleton.

skeletology (skel-et-ol'-o-je) [skeleto-; \6yos, science].
The branch of anatomy treating of the skeleton.

skeleton (skel'-et-on) [aKeherbv, a dried body, from
aiceXXeip, to dry up]. A supporting structure, especi-
ally the bony framework (osseous skeleton) supporting
and protecting the soft parts of an organism, s.,
appendicular, the skeleton of the limbs, s., axial,
the skeleton of the head and trunk, s., cartilaginous,
the cartilaginous structure from which the bony
skeleton is formed through ossification.

skeletonize (skel'-e-ton-iz). To reduce to a skele-
ton.

sfceletopy (skel-et'-op-e): See skeletotopy.

skeletotopic (skel-et-o-top'-ik). Applied by Wal-
deyer to such topographic description as refers a
part or organ to its relation to the skeleton.

skeletotopy (skel-et-ot'-o-pe) [skeleto-; toitos, a
place]. Waldeyer's term for the relation of an
organ or part to the osseous skeleton of the whole
organism. Cf. holotopy; idiotopy; syntopy.

Skene's glands (sken) [Alexander Johnston Chal-
mers Skene, American gynecologist, 1838-1900].
Two complex tubular glands in the mucosa of the
female urethra opening by small ducts just within
the meatus urinarius.

skerljivo. See scherlievo. ,

skew muscles. Triangular-shaped or quadri-
lateral shaped muscles, the plane of whose line of
origin intersects that of the insertion.

skiagram (ski'-ag-ram) [aula, shadow; ypap.ua,
a writing]. The finished, printed Roentgen-ray
picture. Syn., inductogram ; shadowgram.

skiagraph (ski'-ag-raf). See skiagram.

skiagrapher (ski-ag'-raf-er). An adept in ski-
agraphy.

skiagraphy (ski-ag'-ra-fe) [aria, shadow; ypafaiv,
to write]. Photography by the Roentgen-rays;
skotography, skiography, radiography, electro-
graphy, electroskiography, Roentography, and the
new photography are names that have been used to
designate the method.

skiameter (ski-am' -et-er) [aula, shadow; per pop,
a measure]. An apparatus devised by Biesalski
for measuring the intensity of the Roentgen-rays
and for the recognition of fine differences in the
density of Roentgen-ray shadows.

skiametry (ski-am' -et-re). Shadow mensuration
applied to a method of determining the density of
Roentgen-ray shadows.

skiaporescopy (ski-ap-or-es'-ko-pe). See retinos-
copy^

skiascope (ski'-as-kop) [o-icia, shadow; o-Koirelv,
to view]. An instrument employed in retinoscopy.
s.-optometer, an optometer designed for the deter-
mination of the refraction of the eye by retinoscopy.

skiascopy, skiascopia (ski-as' -ko-pe, ski-as-ko'-
pe-ah). 1. See retinoscopy. 2. Examination by
either skiagraph or fluoroscope.

skiatherapy (ski-ah-ther'-ap-e) [aria, shadow;
OepaireLa, therapy]. The therapeutic application of
Roentgen-rays.

skimmetin (skim'-et-in), C9H6O3. A dissociation
product of skimmin by action of dilute mineral acid
with heat; it is perhaps identical with umbelliferone.

Skimmia (skim'-e-ah) [mijama-skimmi, Japanese
name]. A genus of the Rutacece. S. japonica is a
species of Japan; the flowers are used to flavor tea;
the leaves contain an ethereal oil; the bark contains
the glucoside skimmin.

Skimmin (skim' -in), CisHieOg. A glucoside similar
to scopolein and esculin isolated from the bark of
Skimmia japonica, occurring in long, colorless
needles, soluble in hot water, alcohol, or alkalies,
insoluble in chloroform or ether; melts at 2100 C.

skin [ME.]. The protective covering of the body,
composed of the epidermis, scarf-skin, or cuticle,
and the corium, or true skin. The epidermis con-
sists of a deep layer, the stratum Malpighii, and three
superficial layers — the stratum granulosum, the
stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum. The
corium, derma, or true skin consists of a papillary
and reticular layer (stratum papillare and stratum
reticulare), the former projecting upward in the
form of papillae. The true skin is made up of elastic

SKINNY

807

SMEGMATIC

tissue, white fibrous tissue, and nonstriped muscular
tissue (the arrectores pili). The subcutaneous tissue
consists of fibroelastic and adipose tissue. The
appendages of the skin are the nails, hairs, and sweat-
and sebaceous glands, which are derivatives of the
epithelial layer of the skin. In the skin are also
placed terminal nerve-organs subserving the sense
of touch, s., atrophy of the, a wasting-away or
retrogressive change in the skin. Syn., dermata-
trophia. s.-bound. See scleroderma, s.-bound dis-
ease. See scleroderma neonatorum. s., bronzed.
See Addison's disease, s., congestion of the, engorge-
ment of the blood-vessels of the skin. Syn., derma-
themia. s., edema of the, effusion of serum into the
areolar tissue of the skin. Syn., dermatochysis.
s., fish. See ichthyosis, s., glossy, a peculiar shiny,
glazed skin seen in conditions in which the trophic
nerve-supply to the skin is cut off, as after injury to
a nerve, s., goldbeaters', a thin tenacious sheet
from the cecum of cattle, occasionally used as a
surgical dressing, s., goose-. See goose-flesh, s.-
grafting, the application of pieces of the outer layers
of healthy skin to a granulating surface for the pur-
pose of hastening its cicatrization, (i) Autoepidermi-
When the epithelial cells are taken from the patient,
it includes — (a) scrapings from healthy skin; (b) corn
shavings; (c) pellicles from blisters; (d) the Ollier-
Thiersch method, in which one-half the skin thickness
(epidermis, rete, and part of the cutis proper) is
required; and (e) the Krause method, in which the
whole thickness of the skin is used in grafting.
(2) Heteroepidermic: When the epithelial cells are
furnished by another person. (3) Zoodermic: When
the skin is removed from lower species, as the use
of — (a) small pieces of sponge; (b) frog skin; (c) inner
membrane of hens' eggs; (d) inner surface of pullets'
wings; (e) skin of pups; (/) skin of guinea-pigs;
(g) skin of rabbits, s., hypertrophy of the, excessive
growth of the skin. Syn., dermathypertrophia. s.,
neuralgia of the. See dermatalgia. s., pigmentation
of the. See dermatodyschroia. s.-shedding. See
keratolysis.

skinny (skin'-e) [ME.]. 1. Cutaneous. 2. Emaci-
ated.

skirt. The diaphragm.

skleriasis (skle-ri'-as-is). See scleroderma.

sklerodactylia. See sclerodactylia.

Skoda, consonating rales of (sko'-dah) [Joseph
Skoda, Austrian physician, 1805-1881]. Bronchial
rales heard through the consolidated pulmonary
tissue of pneumonia. S.'s resonance sign, S.'s
tympany, a. tympanitic note heard above the line
of fluid in a pericardial effusion, or above the line
of consolidation in pneumonia. It is almost as
tympanitic as the abdomen.

Skodaic resonance. See Skoda's sign.

skolikoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) [<TK03\r]Koei5ris, worm-
like]. Synonym of appendicitis.

skoliosis. See scoliosis.

skoliosometer (sko-le-o-som' -et-er) [<nco\i6s, curved;
ixkrpov, measure]. See scoliosometer.

skookum chuck [Amer. Ind., "good water"].
A homeopathic remedy for skin diseases consisting
of a trituration of the salts of the spring of this
name. Dose 2 gr. (1.03 Gm.) in one-half glass of
water; teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours.

skopophobia {sko-po-fo' -be-ah) [<tkoitos, a spy:
4>6Pos, fear]. Insane dread of spies.

skotograph (skot'-o-graf). See skiagraph.

skotography (skot-og'-raf-e). Synonym of skia-
graphy.

skull (skul) [Icel., skal, a bowl]. The bony frame-
work of the head, consisting of the cranium and the
face. The cranium is made up of the occipital,
frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones, and the two
parietal and two temporal bones. The face is com-
posed of two nasal, two superior maxillary, two
lacrimal, two malar, two palate, and two inferior
turbinated bones, and the vomer and inferior maxil-
lary bone. Modes of measuring the capacity of the
skull: Broca's method: 1. The skull, made imperme-
able, is filled with water, which can be weighed or
measured. 2. The skull is packed with shot, which
is then measured; but both the filling and measuring
are aided by certain implements, and especially by
a funnel of certain dimensions, which controls the
flow of the shot, and every step of the procedure
follows definite rules. Method of Busk, Flower, or
Tiedemann: the skull is filled with small, rounded
seeds, beads, shot, or other substance, and the con-

tents are then measured. The filling or the measur-
ing (or both) is aided by certain manipulations
(tilting, tapping, etc.). Method of Schmidt or
Matthews. See Broca's method above. Welcker's
method: the mode of filling the skull, so long as
efficient and uniform, is immaterial; all that is re-
quired is that each worker should, with the aid of a
standard skull, find the exact size of the funnel
necessary to give him, in measuring, the correct
result with his particular method and substance
used for the filling of the skull, s.-cap. 1. The
top of the skull. 2. See Scutellaria, s., natiform, a
skull covered with osteophytes, s.-roof, the roof
of the skull; skull-cap. s., tower. See oxycephalia.

skunk-cabbage. Dracontium fcetidum, the rhizome
of which is stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic,
and has been used in asthma, rheumatism, hysteria,
and dropsy.

slabber (slab'-ur). See slaver.

slag [Sw., slagg, dross]. The earthy matter
separated, in a more or less completely fused and
vitrified condition, during the reduction of a metal
from its ore. slag-wool, a product of blowing a jet
of steam into melted slag; it is noninflammable and
a nonconductor of heat. Syn., mineral wool.

slake (slak) [AS., sleccan, to quench; extinguish].
1. To quench or appease. 2. To disintegrate by
the action of water.

slaver (slav'-er) [ME.]. Drivel; saliva, especially
such as is discharged involuntarily.

sleep. The periodic state of rest in which volun-
tary consciousness and activity cease, s.-drunken-
ness. See somnolentia, s.-epilepsy. See narcolepsy.
s., hypnotic, s., magnetic, s., mesmeric. See hypno-
tizm. s.-paralysis, paralysis produced by pressure
during sleep, s., paroxysmal. See narcolepsy.
s., twilight. See twilight, s.-walking. See som-
nambulance.

sleeping dropsy or sickness. A peculiar disease
of West Africa characterized by increasing somno-
lence. See African lethargy.

sleeplessness (slep'-les-nes). See insomnia.

slender column. See funiculus gracilis, s. lobe
of cerebellum, a small lobe in the inferior surface
of the cerebellum.

slide (slid). A small, rectangular plate of glass
upon which objects intended J. or examination with
the microscope are placed.

sling. A swinging bandage for supporting an
arm or other part.

slit [ME.]. A narrow opening; a visceral cleft;
the separation between the labia; the vulvar cleft.
s., genitourinary, s., urinogenital, s., urogenital, the
urogenital opening, s. of the microspectroscope,
the spectral ocular, in place of an ordinary diaphragm,
has two movable knife edges so arranged that a slit-
like opening of greater or less width and length may
be obtained by the use of screws for that purpose.

slobber (slob'-ur). See slaver.

sloid, sloyd (sloid) [Sw., slojd, slight skill]. A
system of manual training taught in elementary
school; it is of Swedish origin.

slough (sluf) [ME., slouh, the skin of a snake].
The separated dead matter in an ulceration.

sloughing (sluf'-ing) [slough]. Pertaining to or
characterized by sloughs.

slows (sloz). Synonym of milk-sickness.

Sluder's method (sloo'-der) [Greenfield Sluder,
American laryngologist, 1865- ]. Of tonsillec-
tomy: Removal of the tonsil with capsule complete.

sludge (sluj) [AS., slog, mud]. Sewage-deposit.

slumber (slum'-ber) [ME., slumberen, to slumber].
1. To sleep lightly. 2. Light sleep.

smallpox. See variola.

smear-cultures (smer). See culture.

Smee's battery [Alfred Smee, English surgeon,
1818-1877]. Positive element, zinc; negative ele-
ment, platinized silver; exciting agent, sulphuric
acid, dilute; depolarizing agent, none; E. M. F.,
0.5 to 1.0 volt.

smegma (smeg'-mah) [<rtirjytia, a cleansing .sub-
stance]. 1. Sebum. 2. See s. prceputii. s. clitori-
dis, the substance secreted by the sebaceous glands
of the clitoris and labia minora, s. embryonum.
See vernix caseosa. s. praeputii, or simply smegma, the
substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of the
prepuce.

smegmatic {smeg-mal'-ik) [a/iJJY/za, a cleansing
substance]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of,
smegma.

SMELL

808

SODACOL

smell, i. The perception of odor. 2. Odor.

smelling-salts. A name applied to various prepar-
ations of ammonium carbonate scented with aromatic
substances.

smelting (smelt'-ing) [ME., smelten, to smelt].
The treatment of ore by which it is subjected to
intense heat for the purpose of separating the con-
tained metal.

smesches (sme'-chez). Puffs of arsenic trioxide
gas which occasionally escape from the doors of the
calcining furnaces in Cornish arsenic works, and
which give rise to pulmonary irritation among the
workmen.

smilacin (smi'-las-in) [smilax]. 1. The precipitate
from a tincture of the root of sarsaparilla, Smilax
officinalis, alterant, detergent, diaphoretic, and
stimulant. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 2. C40-
HvoOs (Fliickiger) or CieHhoOe (Poggiale) or C15H26O5
(Peterson). Folchi's name for a saponin-like gluco-
side found by Palotta, in 1824, in sarsaparilla-root
(various species of Smilax), and named by' him
pariglin. It forms a yellowish-white powder,
soluble in water and alcohol; alterative, expectorant,
and emetic, and used in syphilis and colds. Dose
1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., parillin (Batha);
salseparin (Thubeuf ) .

smilax (smi'-laks). See sarsaparilla.

smile (smil) [ME., smil]. A joyful expression.
s., levator, s., nasal, W. R. Gowers' name for a
peculiarity of expression in some patients affected
with myasthenia, consisting in absence of normal
movement at the corners of the mouth.

smith's cramp. An occupation-neurosis occurring
in smiths, and characterized by painful cramps in
the arm or hand.

Smith's disease. [Eustace Smith, English physi-
cian]. Mucous colitis. S.'s sign, a murmur audible
over the sternum when the chin is drawn up.

Smith's dislocation of the foot. [Robert William
Smith, Irish surgeon]. Dislocation upward and
backward of all the metatarsal bones, together
with the internal cuneiform. S.'s fracture, trans-
verse fracture about 5 cm. above the lower extremity
of the radius.

Smith's operation [Henry Smith, English surgeon].
For hemorrhoids: crushing by means of a clamp, and
applying the Paquelin cautery to the stump after
cutting away the projecting part.

Smith's phenomenon [Theobald Smith, American
scientist, 1859- ]. Animals injected with a
foreign serum or inert protein often die or show
severe symptoms after a second injection, even in
minute quantity.

Smith's reaction for bile-pigments. Pour tincture
of iodine carefully over the liquid to be tested. A
green ring appears between the two liquids.

smoker (smo'-ker). One who uses tobacco, s.s'
cancer. See cancer, s.s' dyspepsia. See dyspepsia.
s.s' patch, a chronic inflammation of a small spot of
the mucous membrane of the mouth arising from
an irritation produced by the pipe. It varies in
size from a quarter to a half of an inch in diameter,
and is smooth and red in appearance, s.s' sore-
throat, the condition of catarrh of the pharynx and
larynx, with hoarseness, common in habitual smokers,
s.s' vertigo. See vertigo.

smoke test for plumbing. "By means of bellows,
or some smoke-producing rocket, smoke is forced
into the system of pipes, the ends plugged up, and
the escape of the smoke watched for, as wherever
there are defects in the pipes the smoke will appear"
[Price].

smudging (smuj'-ing) . A form of defective speech
in which the difficult consonants are dropped.

Sn. Chemical symbol of tin [L., stannum],

snaggle-teeth (snag' -I). Irregular and oblique
dentition.

snakeroot. See cimicifuga, senega, and serpentaria.

snap-finger. See spring-finger.

snare (snar). A light or small ecraseur, or wire
loop, used in removing polpi and small excrescences,
s. cold, the ordinary snare, s. galvanocaustic, s.,
hot, a snare in which the wire is heated by a galvanic
current.

sneeze (snez) [AS., fneosan, to sneeze]. A sudden,
noisy, spasmodic expiration through the nose.

sneezing. The act of expelling air violently
through the nose, s., pregnancy, spasmodic fits of
sneezing from hyperemia of the nasal mucosa,
following a circulatory disturbance due to pregnancy.

Snell's laws [Simeon Snell, English ophthalmolo-
gist, 1851-1909]. The two laws which govern single
refraction: (1) The sine of the incident angle bears a
fixed ratio to the sine of the angle of refraction for
the same two mediums, the ratio varying with differ-
ent mediums. (2) The incident and the refracted
ray are in the same plane, which is perpendicular
to the surface separating the two mediums.

Snellen's types [Hermann Snellen, Dutch ophthal-
mologist, 1834-1908]. See test-types.

snore, snoring [ME., snoren, to snore]. 1. To
breathe through the nose in such manner as to
cause a vibration of the soft palate, thereby pro-
ducing a rough, audible sound. 2. The sound so
produced.

Snow, external symptoms of (sno). Bulging of
the sternum when the thymus gland and its lymph-
atics are involved secondary to cancer of the breast.

snow-blindness. See blindness, snow-.

snuff (snuf) [ME., snuff en, to snuff]. 1. Powdered
tobacco, variously perfumed and mixed, used for
inhalation into the nostrils. 2. A medicated powder
to be insufflated into the nostrils. 3. To inhale;
to smell, s.-box, anatomist's, the foveola radialis.

snuffles. Coryza, especially of infants, which is
frequently due to inherited syphilis.

soamin (so-am'-in). Trade name of sodium para-
aminophenylarsonate, an arylarsonate. It is similar
to atoxyl, and is used in syphilis, trypanosomiasis
and pellagra.

soap [sapo, soap]. A chemical compound made
by the union of certain fatty acids with an alkali
or other metal. According to the alkali used,
the soap formed is a potash-soap, soda-soap, am-
monia-soap, lead-soap, lime-soap, etc. s.-bark.
See quillaia. s., Castile, soap made from olive-oil.
s., gray, soap to which mercury and benzoinated
fat are added. Syn., sapo cinereus. s., green
(sapo mollis, U. S. P.), soft soap, made from linseed-
oil and potash. The sapo mollis of the B. P. is made
from olive-oil and potash. Syn., potash-soap, s.,
green, tincture of (linimentum saponis mollis, U. S. P.,
B. P.), liniment of soft soap, used as an anodyne,
s., hard. See s., soda-, s. liniment (linimentum
saponis, U. S. P., B. P.), liquid opodeldoc, used as a
sedative liniment in rheumatic affections and sprains,
s. plaster (emplastrum saponis, U. S. P., B. P.),
used as a local sedative, s., potash-. See s., green.
s., soda- (sapo, U. S. P.; sapo durus, B. P.), hard
soap, made from sodium hydroxide and olive-oil.
It enters into the composition of various pills, and
from it are also prepared soap plaster and soap lini-
ment, s., soft. See s., green, s., Spanish, castile
soap.

sob. A convulsive inspiration due to contraction
of the diaphragm and spasmodic closure of the
glottis.

socaloin (so-kal'-o-in), C15H16O7. Aloin obtained
from Socotrine aloes.

socia parotidis (so'-se-ah par-ot' -id-is). A small
separate lobe of the parotid gland.

social (so'-shal) [socius, a companion]. Gregarious,
growing near, or together, s. evil, prostitution.

society screw. The screw at the lower end of
the drawtube or body-tube of a microscope for re-
ceiving the objective.

sociology (so-se-ol'-o-je) [socius, a fellow-being;
X670J, a treatise]. A treatise on the mutual relations
of people and of social organization.

sock (sok) [ME., socke]. 1. A short-legged stock-
ing. 2. An insole, s. instep arch, a device to be
worn inside the shoe in cases of flat-foot, s.s,
Neapolitan, socks containing mercurial ointment,
which are to be worn continuously for the purposes
of inunction.

socket (sok'-et) [ME., soket]. The concavity into
which a movable part is inserted.

socordia (so-kor'-de-ah) [socors, silly]. Hallucina-
tion.

soda (so'-dah) [Ital., from L., solidus, solid].
1. Sodium oxide, Na20. 2. Sodium carbonate or
sodium bicarbonate. See sodium. 3. Sodium hydrox-
ide, NaOH. s., baking-, sodium bicarbonate, s.,
caustic, sodium hydroxide, s., chlorinated, a mix-
ture of sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite.
s.-soap. See soap, soda-, s., washing, sodium car-
bonate, s.-water, water impregnated with carbon
dioxide.

sodacol (so'-dak-ol). The sodium salt of guaiacol
sulphonic acid.

SODIC

809

SODIUM

sodic (so'-dik) [soda]. Derived from or containing
soda or sodium.

sodii {so'-de-i) [L.; genitive of sodium]. Of
sodium.

sodium (so'-de-um) [soda]. A metallic element
of the alkaline group of metals, melting at 95-6° C,
and having a specific gravity of 0.97, an atomic
weight of 23, and a valence of one. Symbol Na,
from the Latin natrium. Sodium occurs widely
distributed in nature, and forms an important
constituent of animal tissues. It has a strong
affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements.
It is also a constituent of many medicinal prepara-
tions, s.-acetanilid sulphonate, a white, crystalline
mass, readily soluble in water, used as a substitute
for antipyrin. s. acetate (sodii acetas, U. S. P.),
NaC2H302+3H20, is diuretic. Dose 20 gr.-2 dr.
(1.3-8.0 Gm.). s. acid sulphosalicylate. See s.
sulphosalicylate, acid. s. anhydromethylenecitrate,
an antilithemic remedy depending for its action
upon the liberation of formaldehyde in the blood.
Syn., citarin. s. anisate, 2NaC3H?03+H20, small
colorless scales, soluble in water; antipyretic and
antirheumatic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.).
s. arsenate (sodii arsenas, U. S. P.), NaH2As04 +
7H2O, clear, colorless, poisonous prisms, with mild
alkaline taste, soluble in 4 parts of water; alterative,
tonic, antiseptic. From it is prepared liquor sodii
arsenates (U. S. P.). Dose ^rVg-! gr. (0.001-0.003-
0.008 Gm.). Antidotes — emetics, stomach siphon,
fresh ferric hydrate, dialyzed iron, ferric hydrate and
magnesia, demulcents, stimulants, warmth, s.
arsenate, exsiccated (sodii arsenas exsiccatus, U. S.
P.),Na2HAs04. Dose £jgr. (0.003 Gm.). s. arseni-
ate. See 5. arsenate, s. arsenotartrate, a soluble
arsenic salt recommended as a substitute for potas-
sium arsenite and arsenic trioxide. s. aurochloride,
AuCl3NaCl+2H20, a golden-yellow powder said to
contain 30 % of gold and freely soluble in water,
sparingly so in alcohol. It is used in syphilis.
Dose £— 1 gr. (0.01-0.06 Gm.). s. benzoate (sodii
benzoas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaCrHsO^, is used in gout,
rheumatism, lithemia, influenza, etc. Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Gm.). s.-benzoyl-sulphonicimide. See sac-
charin, s. biborate. See 5. borate, s. bicarbonate
(sodii bicarbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaHC03, is used
as an antacid in dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism,
lithemia, and diabetes. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-
4.0 Gm.). s. biiodosalicylate. See 5. diiodosalicylate.
s. bismuth citropyroborate, lustrous leaflets, soluble
in water, insoluble in alcohol; used in gastralgia.
s. bisulphate, NaHS04+H2G; it is used as a means
of rendering water infected by typhoid bacilli drink-
able and harmless for troops in the field, s. bisul-
phite (sodii bisulphis, U. S. P.), NaHS03+H20,
opaque prisms or granular powder of disagreeable
taste, soluble in 4 parts of water, 72 parts of alcohol,
or 2 parts of boiling water. It is antipyretic and
antiseptic, used in gastric fermentation and as a
parasiticide in skin diseases. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-
2.0 Gm.). Syn., leucogen. s. biurate, the deposit of
this salt in or upon the tissues of the joints is held to
be the etiological factor in arthritic manifestations of
gout. s. borate (sodii boras, U. S. P., B. P.), borax,
Na2B407. 10H2O, is used in dysmenorrhea, in uric-
acid diathesis, in stomatitis, and as an antiseptic.
In over-doses it is a depressant poison. See boron.
s. borobenzoate, a compound of borax, 3 parts, and
sodium benzoate, 4 parts, dissolved in water and
evaporated, s. borosalicylate, a hard mass obtained
by triturating 32 parts of sodium salicylate and
25 parts of boric acid with a little water; it is a soluble
antiseptic. Syn., bor salicylate; borsalyl; borosalicyl.
s. borosulphate, SO2 . OBO . Na, odorless, vitreous
masses of faint, harsh, acidulous taste, soluble in
5 parts of water. It is an internal and external
antiseptic. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) 5 or 6
times daily, in water. Application, 1 to 2 % solu-
tion. Syn., borol. s. bromide (sodii bromidum,
U. S. P., B. P.), NaBr, is used like the other bromides.
Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). s. cacodylate, s. methylar-
senate. See arrhenal and neoarsycodil. s. caffeine
sulphate, s. caffeine sulphonate, s. and caffeine sulpho-
nate, CSH9X4O2 . SOaNa, soluble in 50 parts of water,
in 7 parts of boiling water; used as a diuretic in
obesity and dropsy. Syn., symphor ol- sodium ; sym-
phorol N. s. cantharidinate, a compound of cantha-
ridin, 0.2 Gm., and sodium hydroxide, 0.3 Gm.,
dissolved in 20 Cc. of water with heat; the solution
is made up to 1000 Cc. It is used subcutaneously

in tuberculosis of the throat. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.).
s. carbolate. See 5. phenate. s. carbonate, Na2C03 .-
10H2O, is used as an antacid, and locally in diseases
of the skin and in superficial burns. Dose 10 gr.-§ dr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). Dried sodium carbonate is used like
the carbonate. Dose 5-1 5 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.).
s. carbonate, monohydrated (sodii carbonas mono-
hydratus, U. S. P.), Na2C03+H20. Dose 4 gr.
(0.25 Gm.). s. cetrarate, Na2Ci8Hu08, a micro-
acicular powder, soluble in water and used as a tonic.
Dose 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0 Gm.). s. chlorate (sodii
chloras, U. S. P.), NaC103, has medicinal properties
similar to those of potassium chlorate, but is more
soluble. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). s. chloride
(sodii chloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), NaCl, common
salt, is a constituent of animal fluids and tissues and
of food. In medicine it is used as a stomachic;
in hemoptysis; as an application to sprains and
bruises; as a tonic and stimulant in the form of salt-
water baths; as a cathartic; and in the form of a
0.6-0.75 % solution to replace the loss of fluids
from hemorrhage or profuse diarrhea, being used as
an intravenous, subcutaneous, or rectal injection.
s. chloroborate, a combination of boric acid, borax,
sodium chloride, and sodium sulphate used as an
antiseptic in typhoid, etc. s. choleate, dried puri-
fied oxgall, a yellow powder, soluble in water, and
used as a tonic and laxative in chronic constipation.
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). s. cinnamate,
NaC9H702, a white powder, soluble in water; used
intravenously in tuberculosis. Dose fe-\ gr. (0.005-
0.009 Gm.) thrice weekly. Syn., hetol. s. citrate
(sodii citras, U. S. P.), 2Na3C6H502+iiH20. Dose
15 gr. (1 Gm.). s. citrate, neutral, 2Na3C6He07 +
11H2O, white crystals, soluble in water; used as a
purgative in diseases of genitourinary origin, fever,
etc. Dose 10-60 gr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). s. citro-
benzoate, a white, bulky powder, soluble in water;
diuretic, antiseptic, and antilithic. s. citrophos-
phate. See melachol. s. citrotartrate (sodii citro-
tartras effervescens, B. P.), is refrigerant and laxative.
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). s. copaivate, NaC2oHi902,
a yellow, powdery mass, soluble in water, used as
antiseptic and diuretic. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0
Gm.). s. corallinate. See 5. rosolate. s. cresylate,
used as in cresol. s.-diiodoparaphenol sulphonate.
Sees, sozoiodolate. s. diiodosalicylate, 2NaC7H3l203.
+5H2O, white needles or leaflets, soluble in 50 parts
of water at 200 C. It is analgesic and antiseptic
and used externally on parasitic and syphilitic sores,
s. dioxide, Na202, a white powder, soluble in water,
used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant in den-
tistry. Syn., sodium peroxide, s. dithionate. See
5. thiosulphate. s. a-ditniosalicylate, Na2Ci4H80eS2,
a yellowish powder, soluble in water, used in foot-
and-mouth disease, s. /3-dithiosalicylate, Na2Cu-
H8O6S2, a grayish powder, more soluble in water than
the alpha salt. It is used internally in rheumatism,
gonorrhea, etc. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.).
Wash in foot-and-mouth disease 2.5 to 5 % solution.
s.-ethoxyphenyl succinamide. See 5. phenosuccinate.
s. ethylate, NaOC2Hs, is used as a caustic, s.
ethylsulphate, NaC2H5S04+H20, flat, aromatic
crystals, soluble in water or alcohol; used in consti-
pation. Dose 60-300 gr. (4-20 Gm.). s. fluoride,
NaF, shining crystals, soluble in water, used internally
in malaria, epilepsy, etc. Dose TV-| gr. (0.005-0.01
Gm.) in solution with sodium bicarbonate; externally
as an antiseptic dressing for wounds. Syn., fluorol.
s. fluosilicate. See 5. silico fluoride, s. glycerino-
borate, s. glyceroborate, glycerite of borax obtained
by heating 40 parts of borax with 60 parts of glycerol
and forming a translucent, brittle mass, soluble in
water or alcohol; antiseptic, s. glycerinophosphate,
s. glycerophosphate, Na2P04C3H5(OH)2+H20, soluble
in water; used in neurasthenia, Addison's disease,
phosphaturia, etc. Injections, 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26
Gm.) daily in solution of sodium chloride, s.
glycholate, NaC26H42NOe, a white powder, soluble
in water or alcohol; used in chronic constipation and
tuberculosis, and as a remedy for gall-stones. Dose
5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) thrice daily, s.-guaiacol carbonate,
a white powder, soluble in water, similar to but
milder than sodium salicylate in action, s. gyno-
cardate, NaCi4H2302, a yellow-white powder, soluble
in water and alcohol; an antiseptic and alterative,
used in leprosy. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.)
twice daily in capsules containing 3 grains each,
s. hippurate, NaCgHsNOs, a white powder, soluble
in boiling water; a solvent for uric acid. s. hydrate.

SODIUM

810

SODIUM

See 5. hydroxide, s. hydroxide (sodii hydroxidutn,
U. S. P.; soda caustica, B. P.), NaOH, is an extremely-
corrosive substance, occurring in the form of white
pencils; it is used as a caustic and as an antacid,
like the bicarbonate. From it is prepared liquor
sodii hydroxidi (U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min, (0.32-
2.0 Cc). s. hypochlorite, NaOCl, is a constituent of
liquor soda chlorinates (U. S. P., B. P.), Labarraque's
solution, s. hypophosphite (sodii hypophosphis,
U. S. P., B. P.), NaPH202H20, is used like the other
hypophosphites in pulmonary tuberculosis, scrofula,
rickets, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). s.
hyposulphite. See s. thiosulphate. s. ichthyol,
s. ichthyolsulphonate, a dark-brown mass prepared
by neutralizing ichthyol-sulphonic acid with an
aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, s. indigo-
sulphate, indigo-carmin. s. iodide (sodii iodidum,
U. S. P., B. P.), Nal, is used like potassium iodide,
s. kussinate, NaC3iH270io, an intensely bitter, yellow-
ish, amorphous mass, soluble in hot water and alco-
hol; used as a vermifuge, s. lactate, NaCsHsOs, a
thick syrup used as a hypnotic. Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16
Gm.) in sweetened water, s. and magnesium boro-
citrate, a white antiseptic powder used in lithiasis.
Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). s. mercurophenyl
disulphonate. See hermophenol. s. metavanadate,
an alterative and succedaneum for arsenic. Dose
sW gr- (0.001-0.008 Gm.). s.-methoxysalicylate.
See s.-guaiacol carbonate, s. methylarsenite. See
neoarsycodil. Cf. arrhenal. s. /3-naphtholate, s.-
betanaphthol, s.-naphthol, microcidin. s. nitrate
(sodii nitras, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN03, has been used
in dysentery. Dose |-i oz. (16-32 Cc). s. nitrite
(sodii nitris, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN02, colorless crystals,
soluble in water, used as a diuretic and antispasmodic
like the other nitrites, but its effects are more slowly
produced and more permanent. Dose §-2 gr. (0.032-
0.13 Gm.). Recommended for lowering blood-
pressure in doses of 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.) every
2 to 4 hours. See nitrite, s. nitroprusside, Na2F2-
(CNJsNO, is used as a reagent, s. nucleinate, a
white powder, soluble in water, used in puerperal
affections and pneumonia and in diagnosing tuber-
culosis. Dose 30-46 gr. (2-3 Gm.). s. oleate, a
compound of NaCi8H3302, with excess of oleic acid,
a yellowish mass, soluble in water. Syn., eunatrol.
s. orthodinitrocresylate. See antinonnin. s. ortho-
phosphate. See s. phosphate. s. ossalinate, a
substitute for cod-liver oil; the sodium compound of
the acid of ox-marrow, s. a-oxynaphtholate, C10H6-
(OH) . COONa, a white, odorless powder, anti-
septic and antithermic in action, s. paracresotate,
NaCsHjOsNa, a fine, microcrystalline, bitter powder,
soluble in 24 parts of warm water, used as an anti-
pyretic and antiseptic. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3
Gm.). s. parafluorobenzoate, is used in tuberculous
processes. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily,
s. peroxide. See s. dioxide, s. persulphate, Na2S2Ov
a bactericide and vulnerary, used in 3 to 10 % solu.
tion. It is also used as an aperient, 30 gr. (2 Gm.)
in 10 oz. (295 Cc.) of water, 1 tablespoonful daily
before the principal meals. Syn., persodine. s.-
phenacetinsulphonate, a soluble succedaneum for
acetphenetidin. s. phenate, NaCeHsO, white crys-
tals, soluble in water, used as an antiseptic. Dose
2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). s.-phenolphthaleinate.
See 5. phenolsulphonate. s. phenolsulphonate (sodii
phenolsulphonas, U. S. P.), NaC6H504S+2H20, is
used locally as an antiseptic and internally as an
antiseptic in intestinal fermentation. Dose 10-30 gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). s.-phenolsulphoricinate, synthetic
phenol, 20%, and sodium sulphoricinate, 80%;
used in 20 % aqueous solution in skin diseases and
in painting false diphtheric membranes, etc. s.
phenosuccinate, the sodium salt of phenosuccin, a
white powder, soluble in water. It is antipyretic
and antineuralgic. Dose 7i~i6 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.).
s. phosphate (sodii phosphas, U. S. P., B. P.), diso-
dium orthophosphate, Na2HP04 + i2H20, occurs in
colorless, translucent, monoclinic prisms, of a saline
taste. It is soluble in boiling water and melts at
35° C. It is a mild cathartic and antilithic. Dose
5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). s. phosphate, effervescing
(sodii phosphas effervescens, U. S. P., B. P.), is used
like the phosphate. Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Gm.).
s. phosphate, exsiccated (sodii phosphas exsiccatus,
U. S. P.). Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). s. polyborate.
See 5. tetraborate, s. and potassium tartrate, Rochelle
salt; see potassium and sodium tartrate, s. pyro-
phosphate (sodii pyrophosphas, U. S. P.), Na4P207 +

ioH20, is used for preparing ferric pyrophosphate;
soluble in boiling water; used in lithiasis. Dose
2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3 Gm.). s.-rosanilinsulphonate,
Na3C2oHi5NOioS3, crystals with green luster obtained
from fuchsin by action of fuming sulphuric acid.
Syn., acid fuchsin; fuchsin-sodium ; magenta; rubin.
s. rosolate, NaC2oHis03, red masses with green
luster used as a dye. Syn., sodium corallinate. s.
saccharinate, the sodium salt of soluble saccharin;
a white, crystalline powder containing 90 % of
saccharin, soluble in water and having a sweetening
capacity 450 times greater than cane-sugar. It is
recommended as a valuable intestinal antiseptic.
Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) once or twice daily. Syn.,
crystallose. s. salicylate (sodii salicylas, U. S. P.,
B. P.), NaC7Hs03, has the properties and uses of
salicylic acid. It occurs in shining white scales,
soluble in 0.9 part of water or 6 parts of alcohol.
It is antiseptic, antirheumatic, and antipyretic.
Dose 2-30 gr. (0.13-2.0 Gm.); maximum dose 60 gr.
(4 Gm.) single, s. santoninate, 2NaCi5Hi904-f-7H20,
bitter acicular crystals in stellate groups, soluble in
3 parts of water, 12 parts of alcohol, 0.5 of boiling
water, 3.4 of boiling alcohol. It is given for in-
testinal worms. Dose for adults £-1 gr. (0.016-
0.065 Gm.). s. silicate, Na2Si03, whitish crystals
occurring in fiat pieces, used in preparing liquor sodii
silicatis, which is employed as a surgical dressing.
Syn., soluble glass, s. silicofluoride, Na2SiF6, white
crystals or granular powder soluble in 200 parts
of water. It is used as a styptic, antiseptic,
and germicide in aqueous solution of 2 : 1000. Its
solution is known as salufer. s. sozoiodolate,
NaOC6H3l20HS03+2H20, long crystals, soluble in
14 parts of water, alcohol, or 20 parts of glycerol.
It is alterative and antiseptic. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-
2.0 Gm.) daily. In whooping-cough 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.)
blown into the nose. Externally in skin diseases,
syphilis, etc., ointment 10 %, or 1 % aqueous solu-
tion, s. stearate, s. stearinate, NaCisH3502, soapy,
acicular crystals or scales, soluble in water; it is used
in treatment of parasitic skin diseases, s. suc-
cinate, Na2C4H404+6H20, white crystals, freely
soluble in water, recommended in catarrhal icterus.
Dose 45 gr. (3 Gm.) daily, s. sulphanilate, C6H4-
NH2S02ONa . 2H20, white plates, soluble in water,
recommended in coryza. s. sulphantimonate, Na3-
SbS4+9H20, large yellow or colorless crystals with
alkaline reaction, soluble in water. Syn., Schlippe's
salt. s. sulphate (sodii sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.),
Na2S04 . ioH20, Glauber's salt, is a hydragogue
cathartic and diuretic. Dose f-i oz. (16-32 Gm.).
s. sulphate, effervescing (sodii sulphas effervescens,
B. P.), is used for the same purposes as the sulphate.
Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Gm.). s. sulphite (sodii sulphis,
U. S. P., B. P.), Na2S03-|-7H20, is used as is sodium
thiosulphate. s. sulphite benzoate, a white powder,
soluble in water; it is used as a wound antiseptic in
the form of a dusting-powder, s. sulphocaffeate,
bitter crystals, slightly soluble in water; a nontoxic,
nonirritating, powerful diuretic. Dose 15 gr.
(1 Gm.) in capsules. Syn., nasrol; symphorol.
s. sulphocarbolate. See 5. phenolsulphonate. s.
sulphoricinate, a compound of sulphoricinic acid and
sodium hydroxide. A brown, syrupy liquid, soluble
in alcohol and water; used as a solvent for iodine,
iodoform, etc. Syn., poly solve; solvin. s. sulpho-
ricinate, phenolized. See s.-phenolsulphoricinate.
s. sulphosalicylate, acid, NaCyHsChSOs, white,
crystalline powder, soluble in water, used as an
antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-
2.0 Gm.). s. sulphovinate. See 5. ethylsulphate.
s. sulphurosobenzoate, a clear, colorless liquid,
said to be a harmless antiseptic for wounds, s.
tartrate, Na2C4H403+2H20, white needles or prisms,
soluble in water. Cathartic and diuretic. Used
as an antacid and refrigerant in fevers. Dose 4-8 dr.
(15-30 Gm.) once a day. s. taurocholate, NaC2e-
H44NSO, a white powder, obtained from bile of
herbivora, soluble in water or alcohol. It is used in
deficient biliary secretion. Dose 2-6 gr. (0.13-0.4
Gm.). s. tellurate, NaTe04+5H20, a white powder,
soluble in water. Used as an antipyretic, antiseptic,
and antihidrotic. Dose \-\ gr. (0.016-0.05 Gm.) in
elixirs, s. tetraborate, a compound of equal parts
of boric acid and sodium biborate, forming an
unctuous, insipid powder, neither toxic nor caustic.
It is used in conjunctivitis and keratitis. Syn.,
antipyonin. s. thioantimonate. See 5. sulphanti-
monate. s. thiophenate, C4H3S . SChNa, a white

SODOMIST

811

SOLE

powder, slightly soluble in water; used on prurigo
in o.s to i % ointment, s. thiophenesulphonate,
NaCiHs&Os+lHbO, a white, scaly powder, containing
33 % of sulphur; used as an antiseptic on prurigo
and skin diseases in 5 to io % ointment, s. thio-
sulphate (sodii thiosulphas, U. S. P., Na2S303+5H20,
is used to check fermentation, and locally in parasitic
diseases of the skin and mouth. Dose 10-20 gr.
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). s. trichlorocarbolate, s. trichloro-
phenol, C6H2CI3 . ONa, white needles or crystalline
powder, soluble in hot water; antiseptic, s.-tumenol
sulphonate, a compound of sodium and sulpho-
tumenolic acid. A dark-colored, dry powder, soluble
in water. Syn., tumenol. s. tungstate, Na2W04 +
2H2O, colorless, rhombic, bitter crystals, soluble
in 4 parts of water and 2 parts of boiling water.
Syn., sodium wolframite, s. valerate, s. valerianate
(sodii valerianas, B. P.), is used as a nervous stimu-
lant. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). s. xantho-
genate, NaCsHoOS2, a compound obtained by adding
a saturated alcoholic solution of soda to carbon
disulphide. It is antiseptic and germicide.

sodomist, sodomite (sod'-om-ist, sod'm-U-o) [sodom].
One guilty of sodomy.

sodomy (sod'-om-e) [Sodom, a city of ancient
Palestine]. Sexual connection by the anus.

sodor {so' -dor) . The proprietary name for capsules
of liquid carbonic acid for preparation of carbonated
beverages.

Soemmering's bone (sem'-er-ing) [Samuel Thomas
von Soemmering, German anatomist, 1755-1830].
The marginal process of the malar bone. S.'s
crystalline swelling, an annular swelling formed in
the lower part of the capsule, behind the iris, after
extraction of the crystalline lens. S.'s foramen.
See 5. 's yellow spot. S.'s ganglion, S.'s gray sub-
stance, the substantia nigra (locus niger) of the
cerebral peduncles. S.'s ligament, the suspensory
ligament of the lacrimal gland. S.'s nerve, the long
pudendal nerve. S.'s yellow spot, the macula lutea
of the retina.

soft. Yielding readily to pressure; not hard.
s. palate. See palate, s. parts, the tissues of the
body other than bone and cartilage, s. soap. See
soap, green. s. water, one containing but little
mineral matter and forming free lather with
soap.

softening (sof'-en-ing) [ME.]. The act of be-
coming less cohesive, firm, or resistant, s., acute
gastric, a disease of childhood in which the stomach
and intestines are said to undergo softening. It is
probably a post-mortem phenomenon, s., anemic,
disintegration and liquefaction of the brain-substance
from lack of blood-supply, s. of the bones, osteo-
malacia, s. of the brain, a disease of the cerebral
tissue dependent upon inflammation or blood failure,
the symptoms varying according to the part affected,
but consisting in loss of function, partial or complete.
According to the appearances presenting the softening
has been distinguished as red, yellow, or white. See
general paralysis of the insane, s. colliquative, the
name applied to that condition in which the affected
tissues liquefy, s., esophageal, softening of the
lower portion of the esophagus due to the solvent
action of the gastric juice, s., gray, an inflammatory
softening of the brain or cord with a gray discolora-
tion, s., green, a purulent softening of nervous
matter, s. of the heart, myomalacia cordis, a soften-
ing of the cardiac muscle consequent on arterial
anemia, s., hemorrhagic, the softening of parts
involved in a hemorrhage, s., mucoid, myxomatous
degeneration, s., red or yellow (of the brain), when
hemorrhage accompanies the ischemic softening,
and the products of disintegration of the blood
mingle with the nerve substance, giving it a red or
yellow hue. s. of the spinal cord, various stages in
myelitis known by the terms gray, green, red, white,
and yellow softening, s. of the stomach, gastro-
malacia, consequent upon highly acid contents with
a feeble circulation in the walls, but usually a post
mortem phenomenon. See auto-digestion, s. of
a thrombus, may be simple or red, puriform or yellow,
the latter resulting in the extremely unfavorable
condition of thrombophlebitis, s., white (of the brain),
when the ischemia is unaccompanied with hemorrhage.

soil [ME.]. The ground; earth, s.-diseases,
those diseases supposed to be produced by emana-
tions from a decomposing organic soil, or arising from
imperfect drainage of decaying animal matter, s.
pipe, the main discharge-pipe of a system of house-

plumbing; usually an upright, hollow cylinder of
iron. s. water. See subsoil-water.

soja-beans, soy-beans (so' -yah). The edible seeds
of Glycine soja, a leguminous plant of the East Indies.
The meal of the soja-beans is used in diabetes.
They contain a diastatic ferment, casein, cholesterin,
lecithin, asparagin, leucin, cholin, hypoxanthin bases,
phenylamidopropionic acid, oil (18 %), sugar (12 %).

sokodu (so'-ko-doo). A disease which follows the
bite of rats; observed in Japan and China.

sokra [E. Ind., "without flesh or blood; skeleton"].
Vernacular for trypanosomiasis (q. v.).

sol (sol). A colloid in solution.

sol. Abbreviation of solution.

solanidine (so-lan' -id-en). An alkaloid obtained
by decomposing solanine.

solanine (so'-lan-en) [solanum, the nightshade].
An alkaloid found in various species of solanum.

solanism (so'-lan-izm). Nightshade poisoning
from ingestion of berries of Solanum dulcamara or
5. nigrum, or rarely through eating unripe potatoes;
due partly to the contained glucoside causing vomit-
ing, pain, and diarrhea, partly to tropeine, marked
by symptoms of belladonna poisoning.

solanoid (sol'-an-oid) [solanum, nightshade; elSos,
like]. Of a potato-like texture, as a solanoid car-
cinoma.

solanoma (so-lan-o'-mah). A solanoid tumor.

Solanum (so-la'-num) [L.]. A genus of the Sol-
anacece, including the tomato, potato, bitter-sweet,
and black nightshade. 5. carolinense, horse-nettle, is
indigenous to the United States; a fluidextract from
the fresh berries is recommended in epilepsy, tetanus,
and convulsions of pregnancy. Dose 10-30 min.
(0.6-1.8 Cc). It is also used as an abortifacient.
5. crispum, S. gayanum, and 5. tomatillo are indi-
genous to Chili and Peru, and are used under the name
of natrix in inflammatory fevers, in typhus, etc. S.
dulcamara, bittersweet, is indigenous to Europe and
Asia, and contains dulcamarine and solanine. An
extract from the young branches is employed as an
alterant and diuretic in dropsy, cutaneous diseases,
and rheumatism. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.).
S. insidiosum and 5. paniculatum, jurubeba, are
species of Brazil, and are alterative and antiblen-
norrheic. Dose of fluidextract in gonorrhea and
syphilis 15-30 min. (0.9-1.8 Cc). 5. nigrum,
nightshade, is found in Europe, Asia, and America,
is used as a diuretic and emetic, and externally as a
cataplasm. 5. tuberosum is the potato, indigenous
to Chili; it contains solanine, solanidine, solaneine, and
a small amount of tropeine. The tubers contain the
proteid tuberin.

solar ganglion (so'-lar) [solaris, from sol, the sun,
so-called because of the radiating nerves]. See
under s. plexus, s. plexus, a plexus consisting of a
network of nerves and ganglia (solar ganglia), and
situated behind the stomach and in front of the aorta
and crura of the diaphragm. It receives the great
splanchnic nerves and filaments from the right
pneumogastric nerve, and supplies branches to all
the abdominal viscera.

solarium (so-la'-re-um) [solaris, solar; sol, sun].
A room enclosed with glass, and arranged for the
administration of sun-baths.

solar ization (so-lar-i-za'-shun) [sol, the sun]. The
application of solar or electric light for therapeutic
purposes.

solaro (so-la'-ro) [sol, the sun]. A cloth, shot
with an orange colored material, and recommended
for use in tropical countries as a protection from the
rays of the sun.

Solayres' obliquity (so-lar-a) [Francois Louis Joseph
Solayres de Renhac, French obstetrician, 1 737-1772].
Lateral obliquity. Descent of the child's head by
its occipitomental diameter into the oblique diam-
eter of the pelvis.

Soldaini's solution for glucose (sol-dah-e'-ne)
[Arturo Soldaini, Italian chemist]. Fifteen Gm. of
copper carbonate dissolved in 1400 Cc. of water,
to which is added 416 Gm. of potassium bicarbonate.
A reduction of copper suboxide is obtained by
heating the foregoing solution with a glucose solution.

sole (50/) [ME.]. The plantar surface of the
foot, s.-leather. See leather, s.-plate, (a) the
name given by Boas to the palmar side of claws and
hoofs, as distinguished from the volar side (Sohlen-
horn) ; (b) the flattened nucleated mass of soft,
faintly granular protoplasm closely applied to the
surface of a voluntary muscle to receive the ultimate

SOLEN

812

SOMATODYMIA

fibrillae of the medullated nerve-fibers composing its
motor supply. It forms part of the motor disc or
endplate. s.-reflex. See reflex, plantar.

solen (so'-len) [auiK-qv, a channel]. I. A channel.
2. The central canal of the spinal cord.

solenochalasis (so-len-o-kal-a'-sis) [<ru\r}v, channel;
xaXaari-Kos, making supple]. Dilatation of a tubular
organ.

solenoid (so'-len-oid) [auh-qv, a pipe; el8os, likeness].
A spiral of conducting wire wound into a cylindrical
shape so that it is almost equivalent to a number
of equal and parallel circuits arranged upon a common
axis; in therapeutics the name is applied to a large
cage used for holding the patients in teslaization in
such manner that they are not in direct communica-
tion with the current.

solenostegnosis (so-len-o-steg-no'-sis) [<roAriv, a
channel; orkyvuxns, stenosis]. Constriction of a
tubular organ.

soleus (so-le'-us). A flat muscle of the calf. See
under muscle.

solferino (sol-fer-e'-no) [an Italian city, the scene
of a battle]. A synonym of fuchsin.

solicictus (so-lis-ik'-tus). Synonym of heat-stroke.

solid (sol'-id) [solidus, solid], i. Firm; dense;
not fluid or gaseous. 2. Not hollow. 3- A firm
body; a body the molecules of which are in a condi-
tion of strong mutual attraction.

Solidago (sol-id-a'-go) [solidus, solid: gen., solid-
aginis]. Golden-rod, a genus of some 100 species of
composite flowered plants, mostly American. S.
odora, is carminative, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic,
and antemetic. S. rigida, is tonic and astringent.
S. virgaurea, of both continents, is astringent, tonic,
and vulnerary.

solidarity (sol-id-ar'-it-e) [solidus, solid]. The
unitary nature of the relations of the various parts
of an organism, whereby all individual parts are
subordinated to the welfare of the whole.

solidification (sol-id-if-ik-a' -shun) [solidus, solid;
facere, to make]. The act of becoming solid, or of
possessing molecular attraction.

solidism (sol'-id-izm) [solid]. The theory that
diseases depend upon alterations in the solids of the
body.

solidist (sol'-id-ist) [solidus, solid]. The name
given to one opposed to the doctrines of the humor-
alists.

solitary (sol'-it-a-re) [solilarius, solitary]. Single;
existing separately; not collected together, s.
bundle, s. fasciculus, a strand of nerve-fibers in the
medulla, s. follicles, s. glands, minute lymphatic
nodules in the mucous membrane of the intestine.

solium (so'-le-um). A variety of tape worm. See
tcenia solium.

sollunar (sol-lii'-nar) [sol, sun; luna, moon].
Influenced by or relating to the sun and the moon.

Solly's arciform band. See Rolando's arciform
fibers.

soloid {sol'-oid). Trade name applied to chemical
and other substances which are compressed.

Solomon's seal (sol'-o-monz sel). The root of
Convallaria polygonatum, a tonic, mucilaginous and
slightly astringent. It was formerly a popular
domestic remedy for rheumatism and gout, and is
externally employed in contusions. Dose of the
fldext. 5 Hi-

solphinol (sol'-fe-nol). A mixture of borax, boric
acid, and sulphurous alkalies; a white, crystalline,
odorless powder, soluble in 10 parts of water or in
20 parts of glycerol. It is used as an antiseptic.

Solpugidae (sol-pu'-je-de) [solpuga, a venomous
spider]. A group of spider-like arachnids having
closer relationship to the scorpions than to the true
spiders. Their bite is poisonous.
- solubility (sol-u-biV -it-e) [solubilis, from solvere, to
dissolve]. The state of being soluble.

soluble (sol'-ii-bl). Capable of being dissolved.

solurol (sol'-il-rol). Trade name of a preparation
of thyminic acid; said to be a uric acid solvent.

solute (so-lut'). The substance dissolved in a
solution.

solutio (so-lii'-she-o). See solution.

solution (so-lu'-shun) [solutio, from solvere, to
loosen]. 1. A separation or break, as solution of
continuity. 2. The process of dissolving a solid or
of being dissolved. 3. A liquid in which a substance
has been dissolved, s., colloidal, one obtained by
dipping bars of metal into pure water and passing a
heavy electric current from one bar to the other

through the water. The metal under these condi-
tions is torn off in a state of such fine division that
it remains suspended in the water in the form of a
solution. Syn., pseudosolution. s. of contiguity,
a dislocation, s. of continuity, the division of a
tissue, s. of cresol, compound (liquor cresolis com-
positus, U. S. P.), cresol, 500 Gm.; linseed-oil, 350
Gm.; potassium hydroxide, 80 Gm.; water, to make
1000 Gm. s. grammolecular, one in which each
liter contains the weight of one molecule of the
active chemical expressed in grams, s.s, isotonic,
such as are equal in osmotic pressure, solutio
lithantracis acetonica, a solution of coal-tar 10
parts, in benzol 20 parts, and acetone 77 parts.
It is employed in skin diseases, s., normal. See
normal solution, s., normal saline. See saline
solution, s., potassium silicate, a colorless, slightly
turbid, syrupy liquid with alkaline reaction, con-
sisting of 10 % of potassium silicate in water, K2Si03-
H2O. solutio retinae, detachment of the retina,
s., saturated. See saturated (1). s., standard, a
solution containing a definite quantity of a reagent.
s., test-, a standard solution, s., volumetric, a
standard solution, s., water-glass. Sees., potassium
silicate. (For solutions not defined here see the
qualifying word.)

solutol (sol-u'-tol) [solution]. An alkaline solution
of cresol in sodium cresylate, used as a disinfectant.

solv. Abbreviation of Latin solve, dissolve. •

solvella (sol-vel'-ah) [pi., solvellce]. A soluble
tablet.

solvent (sol'-vent) [solvere, to dissolve]. 1. Capable
of dissolving. 2. A liquid capable of dissolving.

solveol (sol'-ve-ol). A neutral solution of cresol
in sodium cresylate, used as a disinfectant.

solvin (sol'-vin). Sodium sulphoricinate: one of a
series of liquids obtained from certain oils by the
action of concentrated sulphuric acid; it is a powerful
solvent, and also possesses the property of dissolving
the red corpuscles.

soma (so'-mah) [a-w^a, the body: pi., somata],

1. The body alone, considered without the limbs.

2. The entire body with the exclusion of the germ-
cells.

somacule (so'-mak-ul) [dim. of au>na, the body].
A physiological unit corresponding to, but greatly
more conplex than, the chemical molecule; the
smallest possible division of protoplasm.

somaesthesia. Somatesthesia.

somal (so'-mal). Pertaining to the body.

somascesis (so-mas-se'-sis). See gymnastics.

somatesthesia, somataesthesia [<ra>na, body; aladr)-
<tls, sensation]. Bodily sensation, the consciousness
of the body.

somatic (so-mat'-ik) [o-wnarucos, from o-w/xa, body].
1. Pertaining to the body. 2. Pertaining to the
framework of the body and not to the viscera,
s. cavity, the body-cavity or perivisceral cavity,
s. cells, undifferentiated body-cells or parenchyma-
cells, s. death, the final cessation of all vital activi-
ties in the body at large; see death, s. mesoderm,
the upper or outer leaf of the mesoderm separated
by the coelomic fissure from the lower or inner leaf,
s. musculature, the muscles of the outer wall of the
body somatopleure, as distinguished from those of
the splanchnopleure, the splanchnic musculature.

somaticosplanchnic (so-mat-ik-o-splank'-nik) [acb/xa,
body; awXayxva, viscera]. Same as somaticovisceral.

somaticovisceral (so-mat-ik-o-vis'-er-al)[au>na, body;
viscera]. Relating to the body and the viscera.

somatoblast (so-mat' -o-blast) [<rviia, body; /9\ao-r6s,
a germ]. Any plastidule from which cell-material
(in contradistinction to nuclear material) is built
up or developed.

somatochrome (so-mat' -o-kr dm) [awna, body;
xpw/xa, color]. Applied by Nissl to a group of
nerve-cells possessing a well-defined cell-body com-
pletely surrounding the nucleus on all sides, the
protoplasm having a distinct contour, and readily
taking a stain. This group is divided into arkyo-
chrome, stichochrome, arkyostichochrome, and gy-
rochrome nerve-cells.

somatodidymus (so-mat-o-did'-im-us) [a^na, body;
8L8vfios, twin]. A double monster having the trunks
united.

somatodymia (so-mat-o-dim' -e-ah) [o-wpa, body;
Shew, to enter]. A twin monstrosity in which the
trunks are united. There are several varieties:
ischiodymia, union by the hips; infraomphalodymia,
union in the inferior umbilical region; omphalo-

SOMATOGENIC

813

SOPHOMANIA

dymia, union in the umbilical region; supraomphalo-
dymia, union in the superior umbilical region;
sternodymia, by the sternum; sternoomphalodymia,
union by the sternal and the umbilical regions;
vertebrodymia, union by the vertebrae.

somatogenic (so-mat-o-jen'-ik) [awna, the body;
yewav, to produce]. Pertaining to somatogeny.

somatogeny (so-mat-oj'-en-e) [<r&fi.a, body; yewav,
to produce]. The acquirement of bodily characters,
especially the acquirement of characters due to the
environment.

somatologic (so-mat-o-loj'-ik) [awna, body; ~K6yos,
science]. Pertaining to somatology.

somatology (so-mat-ol'-o-je) [aqina., body; \6yos,
science]. The study of anatomy and physiology of
organized bodies; biology apart from psychology.

somatome (so'-mat-om) [<tu>h<x, body; ron-q, a
cutting], i. A transverse segment of an organized
body; a somite. 2. An embryotome.

somatomegaly (so-mat-o-meg'-al-e) [awfia, body;
fieya, large]. Gigantism.

somatomic (so-mat-om'-ik) [auixa, body; refivelv,
to cut]. Pertaining to a somatome.

somatopagus (so-mat-op' -ag-us) [awna, body; -wayos,
fixed]. A double monstrosity having two trunks.

somatoplasm (so' -mat-o-plazm) [auna, the body;
7rXdo-Aia, anything formed]. The protoplasm of the
body-cells; Weismann's term for that form of living
matter which composes the mass of the body, and
which is the subject of death, as distinguished from
germ-plasm, which composes the reproductive cells
and is possessed of potential immortality.

somatopleural (so-mat-o-ploo'-ral) [afjUHa, body;
■n-Xeupd, side]. Pertaining to a somatopleure.

somatopleure (so-mat' -o-ploor) [au>na, body; irXevpa,
the side]. The body-wall; the somatic mesoblast.

somatose (so'-mat-os) [au>na, body]. A proprietary
albumose food-product, s., ferro-, s., iron, a prepar-
ation of somatose containing 2 % of iron. Dose
75-150 gr. (5-10 Gm.) daily, s., milk, a tasteless,
inodorous food in the form of a powder prepared
from milk with 5 % of tannic acid; used in chronic
diseases of the digestive tract. Dose for adults
2 or 3 tablespoonfuls (30-45 Cc.) daily.

somatosplanchnopleuric (so-mat-o-splank-no-ploo'-
rik). Relating to the somatopleure and the splanch-
nopleure.

somatotomy (so-mat-ot'-o-me) [au>na, body; 7-0/117,
section]. Anatomy; dissection.

somatotridymus (so-mat-o-trid'-im-us) [<ru>na, body;
rpiSvuos, triple]. A monster with three trunks or
bodies.

somesthetic, somaesthetic (so-mes-thet'-ik) [<ru>na.,
body; al<jBi\ait, sensation]. Pertaining to general
sensory structures, s. area, Munk's Kbrperfuhls-
phdre, the region of these cortex in which the axons
of the general sensory conduction-path terminate,
s. path, the general sensory conduction-path leading
to the cortex.

somiology (so-mi-ol'-o-je) [aufia, body; \6yos,
science]. A term proposed by Rafinesque, 1814, as
a common name under which to consider the phe-
nomena of organic nature, now covered by the term
biology. Syn., organology; organomy.

somite (so'-mlt) [awfia, body]. 1. A segment of
the body of an embryo. 2. One of a series of seg-
ments of the mesoblast on each side of the dorsal
ridge of the embryo; a protovertebra ; a protoverte-
bral or mesoblastic somite.

somitic (so-mit'-ik) [au>na, the body]. Resembling
or pertaining to a somite.

somnal (som'-nal) [somnus, sleep]. A crystalline
substance, a compound of chloral hydrate and
urethane. It is diuretic and hypnotic. Dose 30 gr.
(2 Gm.).

somnambulance (som-nam' -bu-lans). Same as
somnambulism.

somnambulation (som-nam-bu-la'-shun). Same as
somnambulism.

somnambulator (som-nam' -bu-la-tor). Same as
somnambulist.

somnambulism (som-nam' -bu-lizm) [somnus, sleep;
ambulare, to walk]. 1. The condition of half -sleep,
in which the senses are but partially suspended;
also sleep-walking, a condition in which the individual
walks during sleep. 2. The type of hypnotic sleep
in which the subject is possessed of all his senses,
often having the appearance of one awake, but whose
will and consciousness are under the control of the
hypnotizer. somnambulisme, provoque, sleep-walk-

ing induced by mesmerism, hypnotism, or "electro-
biology."

somnambulist (som-nam' -bu-list) . One who walks
in his sleep.

somnial (som'-ne-al) [somniatio, dreaming]. Re-
lating to dreams.

somniation (som-ne-a' -shun) [somniatio]. Dream-
ing.

somniative, somniatory (som'-ne-al-iv, som'-ne-at-
o-re). Relating to dreaming; producing dreams.

somniculous (som-nik' -u-lus) [somnus, sleep].
Drowsy; sleepy.

somnifacient (som-ne-fa'-shent) [somnus, sleep;
facere, to make]. 1. Producing sleep. 2. A medi-
cine producing sleep; a hypnotic.

somniferin (som-nif'-er-in) [somnus, sleep; ferre,
to bear]. A morphine ether discovered by Bom-
belon, said to be stronger than morphine and
without bad effects or influence upon the heart.

somniferine (som-nif -er-en) [somnus, sleep; ferre,
to bear]. An alkaloid derived from Withania somnif-
era, a solanaceous plant of Asia and the Mediter-
ranean region. It is said to be narcotic.

somniferous (som-nif'-er-us) [somnus, sleep; ferre,
to bear]. Producing sleep.

somnific (som-nif'-ik) [somnus, sleep]. Causing
sleep.

somnifugous (som-nif -u-gus) [somnus, sleep;
fugere, to flee]. Driving away sleep.

somniloquence, somniloquism, somniloquy (som-
nil'-o-kwens, som-niV '-o-kwizm, som-nil' -o-kwe) [som-
nus, sleep; loqui, to talk]. The act of talking during
sleep.

somniloquist (som-nil'-o-kwist). One given to
talking during sleep.

somnipathist, somnipathy. See somnopathist, som-
nopathy.

somnoform (som' -no-form). An anesthetic con-
sisting of ethyl chloride, 60 %; methyl chloride,
35 %; ethyl bromide, 5 %•

somnol (som'-nol). A synthetic product of chloral-
urethane with a polyatomic alcohol radical; used as
a hypnotic and cerebral sedative. Dose 2-4 dr.
(7.7-15.5 Cc).

somnolence (som' -no-lens) [somnolentia; somnus,
sleep]. A condition of drowsiness or sleep.

somnolent (som' -no-lent) [somnolentus]. Inclined
to sleep.

somnolentia (som-no-len'-she-ah) [L.]. Sleep-
drunkenness, a condition of incomplete sleep in which
a part of the faculties are abnormally excited, while
the others are in repose.

somnolescent (som-no-les'-ent) [somnus, sleepl.
1. Drowsy. 2. Inducing drowsiness.

somnolism (som'-no-lizm). Hypnotism.

somnone (som' -non). A proprietary hypnotic
said to contain opium, lupulin, and lactucarium.
Dose 16-32 min. (1-2 Cc).

somnopathist (som-nop'-ath-isl) [somnus, sleep;
7ra0os, disease]. One subject to hypnotic trance.

somnopathy (som-nop' -ath-e) . Hypnotic somnam-
bulism.

somnos (som'-nos) [somnus, sleep]. A proprietary
hypnotic formed by the chemical reaction between
chloral hydrate and glycerol in certain proportions.

somno vigil (som-no-vij'-il). See coma-vigil.

somnus (som'-nus) [L.]. Sleep; see hypnosis.

sonifer (son'-if-er) [sonus, sound; ferre, to carry],
A variety of ear-trumpet.

sonitus (son'-it-us). See tinnitus.

sonometer (so-nom'-et-er) [sonus, a sound; ukrpov,
a measure]. 1. An instrument for determining the
pitch of sounds and their relation to the musical
scale. 2. An instrument for testing hearing.

sonorous (so-no'-rus) [sonus, sound]. Capable of
producing a musical sound, resonant; of rales, low-
pitched.

sonus (so'-nus). See sound.

soor. See thrush.

soot-cancer, soot- wart. Epithelioma of the scro-
tum ; so-called from its frequency in chimney-sweeps.

sophistication (so-fis-tik-a'-shun) [©-o^io-tikos, de-
ceitful]. The adulteration or imitation of a sub-
stance.

sophol (so'-fol). Proprietary name of a compound
of formaldehyde, nuclein and silver; silver methylene-
nucleinate.

sophomania (sof-o-ma' -ne-ah) [<ro<t>6s, wise; navla,
madness]. Insanity in which the patient believes
himself to excel in wisdom.

SOPHORA

814

SOUTHEY'S DRAINAGE TUBES

Sophora (so-fo'-rah) [Arab.]. A genus of legumi-
nous trees, shrubs, and herbs, mostly growing in
warm regions. S. sericea (see loco) is a poisonous
plant of the U. S.; its seeds contain sophorine.
S. speciosa, a tree of Texas, also yields sophorine.

sophorine (so-fo'-ren) [Arab.]. A paralyzant,
poisonous alkaloid which exists in the seeds of some
species of Sophora.

sophronistae dentes (sof-ro-nis'-te den'-tez). Wis-
dom teeth, or dentes sapientiae.

sopor (so'-por) [L.]. Sleep, especially the profound
sleep symptomatic of a morbid condition.

soporate (so'-por-at) [sopor]. To stupefy; to render
drowsy.

soporifacient (so-por-if -a' -se-ent) [sopor, sleep;
facere, to make]. A drug producing sleep; a hypnotic.

soporiferous (so-por-if -er-us). See soporific.

soporific {so-por-if -ik) [sopor; facere, to make].
i. Producing sleep. 2. A sleep producer. 3. Nar-
cotic.

soporose, soporous (so'-por-os, so'-por-us) [sopor,
sleep]. Sleepy; partaking of the nature of sound
sleep.

sora (so' -rah). Synonym of urticaria.

sorbefacient (sor-be-fa'-shent) [sorbere, to suck;
facere, to make]. 1. Promoting absorption. 2. A
medicine or agent that induces absorption.

sorbic (sor'-bik) [sorbus, the sorb-tree]. Per-
taining to or derived from the mountain ash. s. acid.
See acid.

sorbin (sor'-bin). See sorbinose.

sorbinose (sor'-bin-os) [sorbus, the sorb-tree].
Sorbine, a ketone alcohol, found in mountain-ash
berries, and consisting of large crystals, which
possess a very sweet taste. It reduces alkaline cop-
per-solutions, but is incapable of fermentation under
the influence of yeast.

sorbite (sor'-bit) [sorbus, the sorb-tree], CeEUOe
+H2O. A hexahydric alcohol occurring in mountain
ash berries, forming small crystals which dissolve
readily in water. They melt at no° C. Sorbite
corresponds, in all probability, to grape-sugar.

sorbose (sor'-bos). Same as sorbinose.

Sorby's cells (sor'-be). For spectroscopic examina-
tion of blood: a narrow-lumen glass receptacle made
of barometer tubing, both ends of which are accur-
ately ground to parallel surfaces, one end being
cemented to a small polished glass plate.

sordes (sor'-dez) [sordere, to be foul]. Filth,
dirt, especially the crusts that accumulate on the
teeth and lips in continued fevers, s. aurium,
cerumen, s. gastricae, undigested gastric debris.
Syn., saburra gastrica.

sordid (sor'-did) [sordidus, dirty; filthy]. In
biology, of a dull or dirty color.

sordidin (sor'-did-in), C16H18O7 or C13H10O8. A
substance isolated from the lichen, Zeora sordida.

sore. 1. Painful; tender. 2. An ulcer or wound.
s., bed-. See bed-sores, s., Delhi, s., Penjdeh,
s., natal. See furunculus orientalis. s. feet of
coolies, s.s, water-. See itch, coolie, s., hard,
chancre, s. mouth, Ceylon. See aphtha tropica..
s. soft, chancroid, s. throat of Fothergill, ulcerative
angina of severe scarlatina (scarlatina anginosa).
s., Veld. See under Veld. s. venereal, chancroid.

Soret's band. An absorption band in the extreme
violet end of the spectrum of blood; it is characteristic
of hemoglobin.

sorghum (sor'-gum). A variety of sugar-cane.
s. saccharatum of the family Graminaceae. Also a
syrup made from the expressed inspissated juice of
the same.

soroche (so-ro'-cha) [Sp.]. Mountain sickness.

sororiation (sor-or-e-a'-shun) [soror, a sister].
The development which takes place in the female
breasts at puberty.

sorrocco (sor-ok'-o). Puna. An affection re-
sembling sea-sickness, common in the high regions
of South America. See soroche.

sorts (sortz). In the drug- trade, refuse or culls;
the poorest grade of any drug.

soson (so'-zon). Unaltered meat-albumin, 98.5 %,
in powder. It is odorless and palatable.

sostrum (sos'-trum) [sostron, a reward for saving
life]. A physician's fee.

soterocyte (so'-ter-o-slt) [aurrtp, a preserver; kvtos,
a cell]. A blood platelet.

sotopan (so'-to-pan). A proprietary remedy said to
contain iron, quinine, bromine, calcium and phos-
phoric acid.

souffle (soo'-fl) [Ft.]. A blowing sound; an
auscultatory murmur; a bruit, s., cardiac. See
heart-murmur, s., fetal, an inconstant murmur
heard over the uterus during pregnancy, and sup-
posed to be due to the compression of the umbilical
cord, s., funic, s., funicular, a hissing sound,
synchronous with the fetal heart-sounds, heard over
the abdomen of a pregnant woman, and supposed
to be produced in the umbilical cord, s., placental,
s., uterine, a sound heard in the latter months of
pregnancy, and caused by the entrance of blood into
the dilated arteries of the uterus, s., splenic, a
sound said to be audible over the spleen in cases of
malaria and leukemia, s., umbilical. See s., funic.

soul (sol) [ME., soule]. The moral and emotional
part of man's nature, s.-blindness. See blindness,
psychic, and apraxia. s.-deaifness, deprivation of
all sensation of sound or reminiscence of it. s.,
Stahl's, according to the doctrine of George Ernst
Stahl (1660-1734), the supreme, life-giving, life-
preserving principle, distinct from the spirit: when
hindered in its operation, disease resulted; it gov-
erned the organism chiefly by way of the circulation.
His doctrine was called animism, and was a reaction
against the chemical and mechanical theories of the
seventeenth century.

sound [sonus]. 1. The sensation produced by
stimulation of the auditory nerve by aerial vibra-
tions. 2. [Fr., sonder, to probe]. An instrument for
, introduction into a channel or cavity, for determining
the presence of constriction, foreign bodies, or other
morbid conditions, and for the purpose of treatment,
s., anasarcous, a moist bubbling sometimes heard
on auscultation when the skin is edematous, s.,
bandbox, the resonant percussion note sometimes
heard in emphysema, s., Bellocq's. See Bellocq's
cannula, s., bellows, an endocardial murmur which
sounds like a bellows; see bellows, s., blowing, a
blowing murmur, s., bottle. See amphoric breathing.
s., bronchial, the large harsh sound of bronchial
respiration, s.s, cardiac. Sees., heart, s., cracked-
pot, a form of tympanitic resonance indicative of a
cavity, s., esophageal, a long flexible sound for
examination of the esophagus, s.s, fetal heart-,
the sounds produced by the beating of the fetal heart,
best heard near the umbilicus of the mother, s.,
flapping, the clap made by the closure of the cardiac
valves, s.s, friction-, the sounds produced by the
rubbing of one rough surface upon another, s.,
funicular bellows. See souffle, s.s, heart-, the two
sounds heard over the cardiac area. The first dull
and prolonged, is said to sound like lubb, and is
isochronous with the systole of the ventricles. The
second, sharp and short, is said to sound like dup, and
is isochronous with the closure of the semilunar valves.
s., kettle-singing, a chest-sound sometimes heard in
incipient pulmonary tuberculosis. It resembles
water boiling in a kettle, s., lacrimal, a fine' sound
for exploring or dilating the lacrimal canal, s.,
metallic heart-. See metallic tinkling, s., meta-
morphosing breath-, a sound due to the passage of
air through a narrow opening into and out of a
pulmonary cavity, s., muscle-, the sound heard
through the stethoscope when placed over a muscle
in the state of contraction; sussurus. s., osseous,
a high-pitched intense auscultatory sound having a
slightly metallic timbre, s., pulmonary, the respira-
tory murmur, s., respiratory, respiratory murmur.
s., sawing, a cardiac murmur resembling the sound
produced by sawing, s.-shadow, the interference
with a sound-wave caused by an object being placed
between the ear and the source of sound, s., sub-
jective. See phonism. s., to-and-fro, the friction-
sound of pericarditis and pleuritis. s., tubular, the
sound of tracheal respiration, s., urethral, an
elongated steel instrument, usually slightly conical,
for examination and dilatation of the urethra, s.,
uterine, a graduated probe for measurement of the
uterine cavity.

sour (sowr). Having an acid taste; fermented,
s. dough. See leaven, s.-wood, sorrel tree ; the leaves
of Oxydendron arbor eum; they are tonic, refrigerant
and diuretic, and of reputed value in dropsy. Dose
of the fldext. 15 xxx-3 ij-

Southern fever. Synonym of Texas fever.

southernwood. See artemisia abrotanum.

Southey's drainage-tubes [Reginald Southey,
English surgeon, 1835-1899]. Tubes of small caliber,
employed for draining away the fluid from limbs
that are the seat of extensive anasarca.

SOXHLET'S APPARATUS

815

SPARTEINE

Soxhlet's apparatus (soks'-let) [Franz Soxhlei,
German chemist, 1848- ]. 1. An apparatus for
sterilizing milk. 2. An apparatus for the determina-
tion of the fat in milk.

soy bean, or soya bean (soi or soi'-yah) [Jap.].
A kind of bean, the seed of Glycine soja (also referred
to as Soja hispida and Dolichos sinensis), a plant
of Japan and China and India. Diabetic bread,
biscuits, and cakes are prepared from its flour, which
contains no starch. The sauce called soy is also
made from this bean.

Soyka's plates (soi'-keh). Dishes employed in the
cultivation of bacteria. They are similar to Petri's
capsules, but differ from them in having from eight
to ten depressions ground in the lower plate, which
resemble the "wells" in hollow slides.

Soymida (soi'-mid-ah) [Telugu name]. A genus
of the Meliacece. S. febrifuga is an East Indian tree
that furnishes rotun bark, introduced as a medicine
in 1807 and used as a tonic and antiperiodic.

sozal (so'-zal). See aluminum sulphocarbolate.

sozin (so'-zin) [aw£eiv, to save; keep]. A defensive
proteid occurring naturally in the animal body.
One capable of destroying microorganisms is termed
a mycosozin, one antagonizing bacterial poisons, a
toxosozin.

sozoborol (so-zo-bo'-rol). A mixture used in coryza
said to consist of aristol, sozoiodol, and borates.

sozodont (so'-zo-dont) [cr&teiv, to protect; odovs,
tooth]. A dentifrice supposed to be prepared mainly
of Castile soap and alcohol.

sozoiodol, sozoiodolic acid (so-zo-i'-o-dol, so-zo-i-o-
dol'-ik) [aWeiv, to save; iodol], C6H2l2(S03H)OH.
A crystalline, odorless powder used as an antiseptic,
disinfectant, and parasiticide, chiefly in the form of
its salts, of which the following have been employed:
sodium sozoiodol, potassium sozoiodol, zinc sozoiodol,
and mercury sozoiodol. s., lead, fine acicular
crystals, sparingly soluble in water, s., sodium.
See sodium sozoiodolate.

sozolic acid (so-zo'-lik). See aseptol.

sp. Abbreviation of Latin spiritus, spirit.

space (spas) [ME., from L., spatium, space]. A
name given for purposes of description to sundry
inclosed or semiinclosed spaces within or about the
body, s., anterior perforated, a triangular space at
the mesal side of the Sylvian fissure, s., arachnoid.
See s., subarachnoid, and s., subdural, s., axillary,
the axilla, s., bregrnatic, the anterior fontanel.
s., circumlental, the interspace between the ciliary
body and the equator of the lens, s.s, circum-
vascular lymph-, channels surrounding the blood-
vessels and communicating with lymphatic vessels.
s., complemental (of pleura), the portion of the pleural
cavity just above the attachments of the diaphragm
which is not filled with lung during inspiration.
s., corneal, that between the corneal layers, s.,
epidural (of the spinal canal) , a lymph-space between
the spinal dura and the periosteum lining the canal,
s.-feelings, Hering's term for the perceptions or
inferences of space-relations resulting from the
retinal image, s., Haversian, s., medullary. See
Haver's spaces, s., hypo prostatic, the space between
the rectum and the prostate, s.s, intercellular,
cavities formed by the splitting or separation of the
walls of adjoining cells, s., intercostal, the space
between two contiguous ribs. s., intercrural. See
s., interpeduncular, s.s, interfascicular, spaces be-
tween the bundles in fibrous tissue, s., inter-
globular, an apparent, irregular space in the inter-
globular substance of the dentine, s.s, interlamellar,
the spaces between the lamella? of the cornea, s.,
intermesoblastic, the cavity between the visceral
and parietal laminae of the mesoblastic plates of the
embryo, s.s, intermetarsal, spaces between the
metatarsal bones, s.s, intermuscular, in the pop-
liteal region, the spaces between the quadriceps
extensor and the posterior muscles of the thigh.
s., interosseous, the space between two parallel
bones, s., interparietal. See Virchow-Robin' s, s.
s., interpeduncular, a diamond-shaped depression
at the base of the brain, lying between the optic tracts
and the crura cerebri, s., interpleural, the medi-
astinum, s., interproximate, in dentistry, the V-
shaped space between the proximate surfaces of the
teeth and the alveolar septum which is filled by the
gum. s., intertunical. See Virchow-Robin's, s.
s., intervaginal (of the optic nerve). See s., sub-
vaginal, s.s, investing. See s., lymph-, s., ischi-
orectal. See fossa, ischiorectal, s., lacunar. See

lacuna, s., lymph-, a sinus or space through which
lymph passes, s., marrow-. See canal, medullary.
s., mediastinal, the mediastinum, s.-nerves, the
fibers of the auditory nerve in the semicircular canals,
s., pelvirectal. See fossa, ischiorectal, s., perforated.
See perforated space. _ s.s, pericellular, lymph-spaces
in the brain, s., perichoroid, a lymph-space between
the sclera and the choroid, s., perigastric, the cavity
surrounding the stomach and other viscera, s.,
perilenticular, the space surrounding the crystalline
lens holding the zonule of Zinn. s.s, perineural,
lymph-spaces between the lamellae of the perineurium.
s., perivascular. See s., circumvascular lymph-.
s., perivitelline. See s., yolk-, s., pituitary, the
space between the two cranial trabeculae wherein
the hypophysis appears, s.s, placental blood-,
the intervillous lacunae of the placenta, s.s, pleuro-
peritoneal. See s., intermesoblastic. s., pneumatic,
an accessory sinus of the nose, s., popliteal, a
lozenge-shaped space at the back of the knee and
thigh, s., posterior perforated, the depression just
behind the albicantia at the base of the brain, s.,
posterior triangular, the space lying above the clavicle
and between the sternomastoid and the trapezius
muscle and the occiput, s., prevesical, a space
lying immediately above the pubis and between the
transversalis fascia and the posterior surface of the
rectus abdominis, s., quadrilateral, the anterior
and posterior triangles of the neck taken together.
s., rectovesical, the space between the bladder and
the rectum, s., retroperitoneal, that behind the
peritoneum, but in front of the spinal column and
lumbar muscles, s., retropharyngeal, that behind
the pharynx; it contains loose areolar tissue, s.,
semilunar (of Traube). See semilunar space of
Traube. s.-sense. 1. The faculty by which the
form of objects is recognized. 2. A sense by which
we judge of the relation of objects in space; it is a
part of the sense of sight, s., subarachnoid, the
space between the arachnoid and the pia proper.
It contains the cerebrospinal fluid, s., subdural,
the space between the dura and the arachnoid.
Normally it contains only a capillary layer of fluid.
s., subumbilical, a triangular space in the body-
cavity having its base at the umbilicus, s., sub-
vaginal, a lymph-space- within the sheath of the
optic nerve, s., suprachoroid, the space between the
velum interpositum and the fornix, s., uterorectal,
s., uterovesical. See Douglas' culdesac. s., visual,
the visual field, s., yolk-, the space formed by the
retraction of the vitellus from the zona pellucida.

spagiric (spaj-ir'-ik) [<nra&.v, to stretch or rend;
ayelpeiv, to collect]. Pertaining to the obsolete
chemical, alchemistic or Paracelsian, school of
medicine.

spagirism (spaj'-e-rizm) [<nraeu>, to stretch; ayeipeiv,
to collect]. The Paracelsian, or spagiric school, or
doctrine, of medicine.

spagirist (spaj'-e-rist) [a-iraeiv, to stretch; ayelpetv,
to collect]. A Paracelsian; a physician of the obso-
lete alchemistic school.

Spallanzani's law (spal-lan-lsah'-ne) [Lazaro Spal-
lanzani, Italian physiologist, 1729-1799]. The
regenerative power of the cells depends on the age
of the individual; it decreases with age.

spamenorrhea (spa-men-or-e'-ah) [cnravis, scarcity;
fi-qv, month :poia, flow]. Scantiness of menstruation.

spanamenorrhea (span-ah-men-or-e'-ah). See spa-
menorrhea.

spanemia, spanaemia (span-e'-me-ah) [<nravis, scar-
city; alp.a, blood]. Poverty of the blood; anemia.

spanemic, spansemic (span-e'-mik). See anemic.

spaniocardia (span-e-o-kar'-de-ah) [airaveios, seldom;
KapUa, heart]. Landois' name for bradycardia.

Spanish fever. Synonym of Texas fever. S. fly.
See cantharides. S. white, bismuth subnitrate.
S. windlass. See windlass.

spanopnea, spanopnoea (span-op' -ne-ah) [<nr&vis,
scarcity; irvelv, to breathe]. Infrequency of respira-
tory action.

sparadrap (spar'-a-drap) [sparadrapum]. A plaster
spread upon cotton, linen, silk, leather, or paper;
adhesive plaster.

spargosis (spar-go' -sis) [cnrapyav, to be distended].
1. Enlargement of a part. 2. Enlargement of the
breasts from accumulation of milk. 3. Elephanti-
asis.

sparteine (spar'-te-in). An alkaloid found in sco-
parius. s. hydrochloride, C15H26N2 . 2HC1, colorless
crystals, soluble in water or alcohol, used as is

SPARTISM

816

SPECIES

the sulphate, s. hydroiodide, C15H26N2 . HI, white
needles, soluble in water or alcohol; usage and dose
the same as the sulphate, s. sulphate, C15H26N2 . -
H2SCU+5H2O (sparteines sulphas, U. S. P.). bitter,
colorless prisms, soluble in water or alcohol, boiling
at 1360 C. It is a heart stimulant and diuretic.
Dose £-$ gr. (0.011-0.022 Gm.); maximum dose f gr.
(0.032 Gm.) single; f-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.) daily.
s. triiodide, C15H26N2I3, a black powder obtained from
an ethereal solution of iodine and sparteine; soluble
in alcohol; usage and dosage the same as the sulphate.

spartism (spar'-tizm). Poisoning from sparteine;
characterized by vomiting, somnolence, paralytic-
like weakness, and accelerated pulse.

spartium (spar'-te-um). Same as scoparius.

spasm (spazm) [a-waapos, spasm]. A sudden mus-
cular contraction, s. of accommodation, spasm of
the ciliary muscles, producing accommodation for
objects near by. s., Bell's, convulsive facial tic.
s., bronchial, asthma, s., carpopedal, a contraction
causing flexion of the fingers and wrist or ankles and
toes, s., clonic, a spasm broken by relaxations of
the muscles, s., clonic, in the area of the nervus
accessorius. Synonym of torticollis, spasmodic.
s., clonic, in the area of the portio dura. Synonym
of tic, painless, s., cynic. See cynic spasm, s.,
deglutition, a paroxysm of rapid swallowing, noted
by Young (1901) as a symptom of whooping-cough.
s., drivers', one of the so-called professional neuroses,
it consists of cramp-like pains in the arms of drivers
upon taking the reins in the hands, s., facial, a
peculiar clonic contraction of the muscles supplied
by facial nerve, at times confined to the muscles
surrounding the eye, or else involving one entire
side of the face, s.s, fatigue, Poore's term for a
group of affections characterized by spasmodic con-
tractions, either clonic or tonic, brought about by
voluntary movement, the exciting cause being
limited to some particular action. Syn., business
spasms; coordinated business neuroses; functional
spasms; handicraft spasms; movement spasms; occu-
pation spasms; professional spasms, s., fixed,
permanent or continuous tetanic rigidity of one or
more muscles, s.s, Friedreich's. Synonym of
paramyoclonus multiplex, s.s, function, s.s, func-
tional, s s, handicraft. See s.s, fatigue, and occu-
pation-neurosis, s. of the glottis. See laryngismus
stridulus, s., habit-, half voluntary spasmodic
movements, the result of habit, sometimes called
habit-chorea, s., hammer. See palsy, hammer.
s., histrionic, a condition in which local involuntary
twitchings of the face, acquired in childhood, persist
during adult life, and are increased by emotional
causes, s., idiopathic muscular. See tetany, s.,
inspiratory, a spasmodic contraction of nearly all
the inspiratory muscles, s., laryngeal congenital,
a peculiar stridor developing at birth, and disappear-
ing after one or two years, s., lingual. See aphthon-
gia. s., lock-, a form of writer's cramp in which
the fingers become locked on the pen. s., mastica-
tory (of the face). See trismus, s., mimic, facial
neuralgia, s., mobile, slow, irregular movements
depending upon hemiplegia, s.s, movement. See
s.s, fatigue, s., muscular, idiopathic. See tetany.
s., myopathic, one attending a disease of the muscles.
s., nictitating, s., nodding. See eclampsia nutans.
s., occupation, s., professional. See s.s, fatigue.
s., pantomimic. Synonym of tic, painless, s.,
penman's. Synonym of writers' cramp, s., perineal.
See vaginodynia, s., phonetic (of the glottis), spastic
aphonia consisting of a spasm of the glottis, with
elevation, resulting in interference with respiration.
s., retrocollic, clonus of the deeper muscles of the
back of the neck, s., Romberg's, masticatory spasm
affecting the muscles supplied by the motor fibers
of the fifth nerve, s., salaam, clonic spasm of the
muscles of the leg, causing jumping movements,
s. saltatoric, s., saltatory, s., static reflex. See under
saltatory, s., sewing, an affection of tailors, seam-
stresses, and shoemakers, in which clonic and tonic
spasms attack the muscles of the hands on attempting
to use them in the regular work, s., smiths', a
spasm that occurs in those engaged in penblade manu-
facturing, saw straightening, razor-blade striking,
scissors-making, file-forging, etc. It consists in
spasmodic movements of the arm used, and finally
paralysis; see hemiplegia, hephestic. s., spinal
accessory. See tic rolatoire. s. synclonic, tremulous
agitation, s., telegraphist's, an affection described
first by Onimus, 1875. See s.s, fatigue, s., tetanic.

See 5., tonic, s., tonic, a spasm that persists without
relaxation for some time, s., toxic, one due to
poison, s., winking. See spasmus nictitans. s.,
writer's, writers' cramp, q. v.

spasmo- (spaz-mo-) [airatrnos, spasm]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to a spasm.

spasmodermia (spaz-mo-der' -me-ah) [spasmo- ;
Sepua, skin]. A spasmodic skin-affection.

spasmodermic (spaz-mo-der '-mik). Relating to a
spasmodic affection of the skin.

spasmodic (spaz-mod'-ik) [spasm]. Pertaining to
or characterized by spasm, s. spinal paralysis.
See lateral sclerosis.

spasmodism (spaz'-mod-izm) [spasm]. Fleury's
term for those nervous states that originate in
medullary excitation.

spasmodyspnea (spaz'-mo-disp-ne-ah) [spasmo- ;
dyspnea]. Spasmodic difficulty of breathing.

spasmology (spaz-mol'-o-je) [spasmo-; \6yos, a
treatise]. The sum of scientific knowledge of the
nature and causes of convulsions.

spasmolygmus (spaz-mo-lig'-mus). See hiccough.

spasmoneme (spaz'-mo-nem) [spasmo-; vrifia, a
thread]. The central reticulum or undulating
bundle of fibrils eccentrically located in the peduncle
of a stalked infusorian (Vorticella) and derived from
the myonemes of the body.

spasmophilia (spaz-mo-fd' -e-ah) [spasmo-; 4>Cheiv,
to love]. A morbid tendency to convulsions.

spasmorthopnea (spaz-mor-thop-ne'-ah) [spasmo- ;
opdos, straight; ■nvelv, to breathe]. Spasmodic
orthopnea.

spasmotin (spaz-mo'-tin). See sphacelotoxin.

spasmotoxin (spaz-mo-toks'-in) [spasmo-; to^lkov,
poison]. 1. A ptomaine base of composition yet
undetermined, obtained by Brieger from cultures of
the tetanus germ, together with other unnamed
toxins, one of which induced complete tetanus, with
salivation and lacrimation. Spasmotoxin induces in
animals violent clonic and tonic convulsions. 2. See
sphacelotoxin.

spasmous (spaz'-mus) [airavnos, spasm]. Having
the nature of a spasm.

spasmus (spaz'-mus) [atra^ixbs, spasm]. A spasm,
s. bronchialis. Synonym of bronchial asthma, s.
cynicus, spasmodic contraction of muscles on both
sides of the mouth, giving a grinning expression, s.
glottidis, spasm of the glottis or larynx, laryngismus
stridulus, s. intestinorum. Synonym of enteralgia.
s. muscularis. Synonym of cramp, s. nictitans,
spasmodic action of the orbicularis palpebrarum
muscle, causing a winking-like movement of the lid.
s. nutans, salaam convulsions, nodding spasm,
s. oculi. Synonym of nystagmus, s. ventriculi.
Synonym of enteralgia and of gastrodynia.

spastic (spas'-tik) IWcurriKos, spastic]. Pertaining
to or characterized by spasm; produced by spasm,
s. diplegia. See paraplegia, infantile spasmodic.
s. paralysis. See paralysis, spastic.

spasticity (spas-tis'-it-e) [spastic]. The state of
being spastic.

spathologic (spath-o-loj'-ik) [cnvaBav, to go fast;
X670S, science]. Relating to rapid proliferation of
leukocytes.

spatial (spa'-shal) [spatium, space]. Relating to
space.

spatium (spa'-she-um). Latin for space.

spatula (spat'-u-lah) [L.; dim. of spatha, a ladle].
A flexible blunt blade Used for spreading ointments.

spatule (spat'-ul) [spatula, a blade]. A structure
having a spatulate shape.

spavin (spav'-in) . A disease of horses affecting the
hock-joint, or joint of the hind leg between the knee
and the fetlock, s., blood, a dilatation of the vein
that runs along the inside of the hock of a horse,
forming a soft swelling, s., bog, an encysted tumor
on the inside of the hock of a horse, containing
gelatinous matter, s., bone, a disease of the bones
at the hock-joint, s., high, an enlargement on the
upper and inner part of the hock.

spay [Gael., spoth]. To remove the ovaries.

spearmint (sper'-mint). See mentha viridis.

specialism (spesh'-al-izm). See specialty.

specialist (spesh'-al-ist) [specialis, particular, spe-
cial]. One, especially a physician or surgeon, who
limits his practice to certain specified diseases, or
to the diseases of a single organ or class.

specialty (spesh'-al-te) [species]. The particular
branch of medicine or surgery pursued by a specialist.

species (spe'-shez) [L.]. 1. A subdivision of a

SPECIFIC

817

SPERM

genus of animals or plants the individuals of which
are either identical in character or differ only in
unimportant and inconstant details. 2. A name in
German and French pharmacy, and in the National
Formulary, for certain mixtures of herbs, used in
making decoctions and infusions, s.-cycle, the
entire series of forms exhibiting or illustrating all the
phases in the life-history of a species, s. emollientes,
a mixture of the leaves of althea and mallow, of the
leaves and branches of the melilot, of matricaria
and flaxseed, in equal parts; used as an emollient
cataplasm, s. laxantes. See tea, Saint Germain.
s., morphological, one of "such living beings as con-
stantly resemble one another so closely that it is
impossible to draw any line of demarcation between
them while they differ only in such characters as are
associated with sex." (Huxley.) s., nascent, an
incipient species; a form undergoing modification,
s., origin of, a term employed by naturalists to denote
the evolution of differentiated groups or species
from groups of individuals characterized by general
similarity or by homogeneity of structure.

specific (spe-sif'-ik) [species; facere, to make].

1. Of or pertaining to a species, or to that which
distinguishes a thing or makes it of the species of
which it is. 2. A medicine which has a distinct cura-
tive influence on an individual disease. 3. Pro-
duced by a single microorganism, as a specific disease;
in a restricted sense, syphilitic, s. gravity. See
gravity, specific, s. neat. See heat, specific, s.
remedy, a remedy peculiarly curative of a certain
disease.

specificity (spes-if-is'-it-e) [specific]. The quality
of being specific.

speciUum (spe-sil'-um) [L.: pi., specilla]. A probe,
especially one of silver, armed with a button-shaped
head, for exploring wounds, fistulas, etc. 2. A lens.

specimen (spes'-im-en) [L.]. An example; a
sample, s.-cooler, a small water-cell immediately
under the specimen in microprojection, to prevent
injury from the heat of the radiant.

spectacles (spek'-tak-ls) [spectare, to view]. Framed
or mounted lenses for the correction of optical or
muscular defects of the eye; see lens, s., bifocal.
See bifocal, s., orthoscopic. See orthoscopic. s.,
pantoscopic. A synonym of s., bifocal, q. v. s.,
periscopic. See periscopic. s., prismatic, spectacles
with prismatic lenses, either alone or combined with
spherical or cylindrical lenses, s., protective, lenses,
usually tinted, to shield the eyes from light, dust,
heat, etc.

spectral (spek'-lral) [spectrum]. Pertaining to a
spectrum.

spectro- (spek-tro-) [spectrum]. A prefix meaning
relating to the spectrum.

spectrocolorimeter (spek-tro-kul-or-im'-et-er) [spec-
tro-; color; fikrpop, measure]. An apparatus for the
isolation of a single spectral color. It is used for the
detection of color-blindness.

spectrometer (spek-trom'-et-er) [spectro-; fikrpov, a
a measure]. An instrument for determining the
deviation of a ray of light produced by a prism or
diffraction-grating, or for ascertaining the wave-
length of a ray of light.

spectrometry (spek-trom'-et-re) [spectrometer]. The
use of the spectrometer.

spectromicroscope (spek'-tro-mi'-kro-skop). See
microspectroscope.

spectrophone (spek'-tro-fon) [spectro-; 4>covrj, sound].
An apparatus devised by Painter and Bell (1881) for
the production of sound by the rays of the spectrum.

spectrophotometer (spek-lro-fo-tom'-et-er) [spectro- ;
4>ws, light; tikrpov, a measure]. 1. An apparatus for
determining the amount of color in spectrum-analysis.

2. Helmholtz's apparatus for mixing colors,
spectrophotometry (spek-lro-fo-tom'-et-re). The

quantitative estimation of the coloring-matter in a
substance by means of the spectroscope.

spectropolarimeter (spek-tro-po-lar-im'-et-er) [spec-
tro-; polus, pole; p-trpov, measure]. An instrument
in which a spectroscope and polarizing apparatus are
combined for the purpose of determinating the con-
centration of solutions of substances that rotate the
plane of polarized light.

spectroscope (spek'-tro-skop) [spectro-; aKowelv, to
see]. An instrument for the production and exam-
ination of the spectrum.

spectroscopic (spek-lro-skop'-ik) [spectroscope]. Per-
taining to the spectroscope.

spectrotherapy (spek-tro-lher'-ap-e) [spectro-; ther-

apy]. Apery's term for the therapeutic employment
of prismatically decomposed rays.

spectrum (spek'-trum) [L., pi.; spectra: "an image"].
1. The band of rainbow colors produced by decom-
posing light by means of a prism or a diffraction-gra-
ting. 2. An after-image or ocular spectrum, s.,
absorption, a spectrum which contains dark lines or
bands. These are produced in a continuous spectrum
by the absorption of incandescent vapors, through
whiai the light has passed, as in the solar atmosphere.
s. analysis, determination of the nature of bodies by
the character of their spectra, s., auditory. See
phonism, photism. s., comparison, the arrangement
side by side of the spectra of two different substances.
s., complementary, a spectrum derived from bodies
which change in chemical or molecular constitution
before reaching a sufficiently high temperature to be-
come luminous, s., continuous, a spectrum without
sudden variations of hue, in which the various rain-
bow or spectral colors merge gradually into one
another, s., double, see s., comparison, s., line,
the spectrum resulting from incandescent gas. It
consists not of the various rainbow colors, but of
sharp, narrow, bright lines, the color depending on the
substance; all the rest of the spectrum is dark, s.,
normal, a spectrum in which the red color occupies
about the same space as the blue and the violet.
s., solar, the spectrum afforded by the refraction of a
ray of sunlight.

speculum (spek'-u-lum) [L.: pi., specula]. 1. A
mirror. 2. An instrument for dilating the opening
of a cavity of the body in order that the interior may
be more easily visible, as vaginal speculum, rectal spec-
ulum, nasal speculum, etc. 3. A tendinous structure.
s. citrinum, ointment, s. helmontii, the central ten-
dinous part of the diaphragm, the centrum nerveum.
s. indicum, iron filings, s. lucidum. Same as sep-
tum lucidum. s. matricis, womb-mirror; a vaginal
speculum, s.-metal, an alloy of copper and tin. s.
oris, an oral speculum or "mouth mirror." s. rhom-
boideum, a rhomboid area formed by the tendon of
the trapezius muscles at the level of the upper dorsal
and lower cervical spines, s., Sims', a vaginal spec-
ulum invented by J. Marion Sims.

spedalskhed {sped-als'-ked) . A Scandinavian term
for leprosy.

speech [AS., sprecan, to speak]. 1. The faculty of
expressing thought by spoken words; the act of speak-
ing. 2. The words spoken, s. center, the cerebral
center for speech. See center, speech, s., staccato,
see scanning.

spell-bone. The fibula.

spelter (spel'-ter). Crude zinc; an alloy of zinc and
copper.

Spence's test. A tumor of the mammary gland
can be distinguished from an inflammatory enlarge-
ment by the absence, in the latter case, of any tume-
faction, there being only the lumpy and wormy sen-
sation of the swollen acini and ducts.

Spencer's area. A cortical area in the frontal lobe
just outside of the olfactory tract and anterior to the
point where it joins the temporosphenoid lobe, as in-
dicated by the crossing of the Sylvian artery. Far-
adic stimulation of this area influences the respiratory
movements, causing stoppage of the respiration when
sufficiently intense.

spend [dispendere, to lay out, to expend]. To
ejaculate the semen.

Spengler's bodies (speng'-gler) [Carl Spengler, Swiss
physician, 1861- ]. Small particles resembling frag-
ments of bacilli, found in tuberculous sputum, and
having the same staining reaction as tubercle bacilli.
S.'s method oft examining sputum, five Cc. of 0.4 per
cent, of soda are added to 5 Cc. of sputum; 0.1 Cc.
trypsin or pancreatin, and two or three drops of
chloroform are then added. This is corked and in-
cubated at body temperature. The tube must be
agitated occasionally during the first few hours.
Next day the supernatant fluid is poured off, and the
residue used for making smears which are then exam-
ined for the tubercle bacilli.

Spens' syndrom^ [Thomas Spens, Scotch physician,
1764-1842]. The same as Adams Stokes' disease,
q. v.

spent (spendere, to spend]. Exhausted; impotent,
s. acid, a battery-acid that has become too weak for
efficient action.

sperm, sperma (sperm, sper'-mah) [airkpp.a, seed].
The semen, s.-ball, a spherical cluster of spermatozoa,
s. -blastoderm, a blastodermic layer of formative

SPERM-CELL

818

SPERMATOZOON

spermatozoa, s. blastophore, the residual mass of
the sperm-mother cell, s.-blastula, a spherical blas-
tula whose surface is a sperm-blastoderm, s.-cell,
a spermatoblast, s.-morula, a spermatic morula,
s.-mother cell, Lankester's term for the spherical male
germs of the malaria parasite as found in the mos-
quito, s.-nucleus, the nucleus of a spermatozoon.
s.-oil, an oil procured from the deposits in the head
of the sperm-whale, s.-rope, a string of spermatozoa.

sperm-cell. Spermatozoon.

spermaceti (sper-mas-e'-te) [airkppa, seed; ktjtos,
whale], C16H31O2C16H33. A white, semitransparent
substance {cetaceum, U. S. P., B. P.), consisting of a
mixture of various fats of which cetyl palmitate, Cie-
H33(Ci6H3i02), is the most important. It is obtained
from the head of the sperm whale, and is used inter-
nally as an emollient and as an ingredient of various
ointments. Ceratum cetacei and unguenlum cetacei
B. P.) are prepared from it. See cetaceum.

spermacrasia (sper-mak-ra'-ze-ah) [<rirkpfia, seed;
acrasia]. 1. Imperfection of the semen. 2. Sper-
matorrhea.

spermaduct (sper'-ma-dukt) [sperm; ductus, a duct].
A sperm-duct, the vas deferens.

spermagone (sper' -mag-on) [airepp.a, seed; yovda,
generation]. Same as spermatogonium.

spermagonium (sper-mag-o'-ne-um) [airkp/ia, seed;
yovela, generation: pi., spermagonia]. Same as sper-
mogonium.

spermalist (sper'-mal-ist). Same as spermist.

spermary {sper' -ma-re) [airepua, seed]. The ana-
logue in the male of the ovary; i. e., the organ gen-
erating the sperm-cells; in the higher animals, called
the testis, or testicle. •

spermatanergia (sper-mat-an-ur'-je-ah) [avkpp,a,
seed; anergia]. Sterility in the male.

spermatemphraxis (sper-mat-em-fraks'-is) [<rirkpp.a,
seed; ep0pa£<.s, obstruction]. An obstruction to the
discharge of semen.

spermatic (sper-mat'-ik) [sperm]. 1. Pertaining to
the semen. 2. Conveying the semen, as the spermatic
cord. 3. Pertaining to the spermatic cord, as the
spermatic fascia, s. artery, a branch of the aorta sup-
plying the testicle, s. canal, see inguinal canal, s.
cones. See cone. s. cord, the cord of arteries, veins,
lymphatics, nerves, and the excretory duct of the
testicle passing from the testicle to the internal ab-
dominal ring. s. crystals, a variety of crystals formed
in seminal fluid after prolonged standing; see under
spermin. s. fascia, a thin fascia attached to the
internal abdominal ring, and prolonged down over
the outer surface of the spermatic cord. s. gelatin,
a gelatinous substance found in the spermogonia of
certain cryptogams. s. plexus, the pampiniform
plexus, s. rete. See rete testis.

spermatid (sper' -mat-id) [airkpna., seed]. A sem-
inal cell. A cell produced by fission of a secondary
spermatocyte.

spermatin (sper' -mat-in) [sperm]. An odorless,
mucilaginous substance found in semen.

spermatism (sper'-mat-izm) [airepp.a, seed]. A dis-
charge of semen.

spermatismus (sper-mat-iz'-mus) [tnckpua, seed].
The emission of semen.

spermatids (sper-mat-i'-tis) [airepiia, seed; itis, in-
flammation]. Same as funiculitis.

spermatize (sper'-mat-iz). To discharge semen.

spermato- (sper-mat-o-) [airepua, seed]. A prefix
meaning pertaining to the semen.

spermatoal (sper-mat-o' -al) [o-wepp-a, seed; uov, an
egg]. Pertaining to a spermatoon.

spermatoblast, spermoblast (sper'-mat-o-blast, sper'-
mo-blast) [spermato- ; pXaaros, a germ]. A cell result-
ing from the division of the spermatogenic cell and
developing into a spermatozoon.

spermatoblastic (sper-mat-o-blas'-tik). Pertaining
to spermatoblasts.

spermatocele (sper'-mat-o-sel) [spermato-; K17X77,
tumor]. A spermatic cyst or encysted hydrocele
containing spermatozoa.

. spermatocidal (sper-mat-o-si'-dal) [spermato-; cce-
dere, to kill]. Destructive to spermatozoa.

spermatoclemma (sper-mat-o-klem'-ah) [spermato- ;
K\enp.a, a stealing: pi., spermatoclemmata]. Invol-
untary emission of semen. A synonym of pollution.

spermatocratia (sper-mat-o-kra'-she-ah) . Synonym
of spermatorrhea.

spermatocyst (sper'-mat-o-sist) [spermato-; kOittls,
cyst]. A seminal vesicle ; a pathological cyst contain-
ing spermatozoa.

spermatocystectomy (sper-mat-o-sist-ek'-to-me) [sper-
mato-; cystectomy]. Excision of a spermatic cyst.

spermatocystic (sper-mat-o-sis'-tik). Pertaining to
a spermatocyst.

spermatocystitis (sper-mat-o-sis-ti'-tis). Inflamma-
tion of the seminal vesicles.

spermatocystotomy (sper-mat-o-sis-tot'-o-me) [sper-
mato-; cystotomy]. Surgical incision of a seminal
vesicle.

spermatocytal (sper-mat-o-si'-tal). Pertaining to a
spermatocyte.

spermatocyte (sper'-mat-o-sit) [spermato-; kvtos,
cell] . The germinal cell from which the spermatozoon
develops.

spermatogenesis, spermatogeny (sper-mat-o-jen'-es-
is, sper-mat-oj'-en-e) [spermato-; yevems, origin]. The
formation of spermatozoa.

spermatogenic (sper-mat-o-jen'-ik) [see spermato-
genesis]. Producing spermatozoa, as the spermato-
genic cells of the testicle.

spermatogenous (sper-mat-oj'-en-us) [spermato- ;
yevijs, producing]. Producing spermatozoa.

spermatogeny (sper-mat-oj'-en-e). The same as
spermatogenesis.

spermatogonium (sper-mat-o-go'-ne-um) [spermato- ;
yovi), generation], A formative seminal cell or mass
of spermatoblasts.

spermatoid (sper'-mat-oid). See spermatozoon.

spermatology (sper-mat-ol'-o-je) [spermato- ; \6yos, a
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding the
origin, nature, qualities and characteristics of the
seminal fluid.

spermatolysin (sper-mat-ol'-is-in). A substance
causing spermatolysis.

spermatolysis (sper-mat-ol'-is-is) [spermato-; Xvais,
solution]. Destruction or solution of spermatozoa.

spermatomere (sper'-mat-o-mer) [spermato-; nkpos,
share]. Any one of the portions into which a pro-
nucleus of the fertilized ovum may divide.

spermatoon (sper-mat-o' -on) [spermato-; uov, egg].
The nucleus of a sperm-cell or spermatozoon.

spermatopathy (sper-mat-op' -ath-e) [spermato-;
■koSos, disease]. Disease of the sperm-cells or of
their secreting mechanism.

spermatophobia (sper-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [spermato-;
<p6fios, fear]. False spermatorrhea; morbid dread of
spermatorrhea.

spermatophore (sper'-mat-o-for) [spermato-; 4>kpeiv,
to bear]. 1. The part of the spermatospore that is
not converted into a spermatoblast. 2. A semitrans-
parent capsule surrounding a group of spermatozoa.

spermatoplania (sper-mat-o-pla'-ne-ah) [spermato-;
irXavT], a wandering]. A supposed metastasis of the
semen.

spermatopoietic (sper-mat-o-poi-et'-ik) [spermato-;
iroielv, to make]. Pertaining to the production or
secretion of semen.

spermatorrhea, spermatorrhoea (sper-mat-or-e'-ah)
[spermato-; poia, a flow]. Involuntary discharge of
semen without sexual excitement, s. dormientum, a
nocturnal emission of semen, s., false, when sperma-
tozoids are not in the fluid; called also prostatorrhea.
s., true, when spermatozoids are present.

spermatoschesis (sper-mat-os'-kes-is) [spermato-;
o-xeffts, suppression]. Suppression of the seminal
fluid.

spermatospore (sper'-mat-o-spor) [spermato-; a-n-dpos,
seed]. A primitive cell giving rise by division to
spermatoblasts.

spermatotoxin, spermatoxin (sper-mat-o-toks'-in,
sper-ma-toks'-in). See spermolysin.

spermatovum (sper-mat-o' -vum) [spermato-; ovum,
egg: pi., spermatova]. An impregnated ovum. .

spermatozemia (sper-mat-o-ze' -me-dh) . See sper-
matorrhea.

spermatozoa (sper-ma-to-zo'-ah). Plural of sper-
matozoon, q. v.

spermatozoal, spermatozoan, spermatozoic (sper-
mat-o-zo' -al, sper-mat-o-zo' -an, sper-mat-o-zo' -ik). Re-
lating to a spermatozoon.

spermatozoicide (sper-mat-o-zo' -is-ld) [spermato-
zoon; ccedere, to kill]. 1. Destructive to spermatozoa.
2. An agent destructive to spermatozoa.

spermatozoid or spermatozooid (sper-mat-o-zo' -id,
sper-mat-o-zo' -oid). Same as spermatozoon.

spermatozoon (sper-mat-o-zo' -on) [spermato-; foov,
animal]. The male element capable of fecundating
the ovum. It consists of an oval head and a long,
mobile cilium or tail. It is the essential element of
the semen.

SPERMATURIA

819

SPHENOPALATINE

spermaturia (sper-mat-u'-re-ah) [spermato-; olpov,
urine]. The presence of semen in the urine.

spermic (sper'-mik). Same as spermatic.

spermiduct (sper'-mid-ukt) [airkpua, seed; ductus, a
duct]. A duct for the passage of semen; the vas
deferens ._

spermin {sper'-miri) [sperm], C2H5N. A non-poi-
sonous base obtained from sputum, human semen, the
organs of leukemic patients, etc. It has been used in
neurasthenia, senile debility, diabetes mellitus, and
pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. A preparation of the
testicles of animals, s. phosphate, constitutes the
Charcot-Leyden crystals.

spermism (sper'-mizm) [Wep^a, seed]. The theory
that the animal is the result of the development of a
spermatozoon, the ovum acting only as an accessory
matrix.

spermist (sper'-mist). A believer in spermism.

spermoblast (sper' -mo-blast), see spermatoblast.

spermocenter (sper-mo-sen'-ter). The sperm-cen-
trosomes during fertilization of the egg.

spermolith (sper'-mo-lith) [<rirepp.a, semen; \ldos, a
stone]. A calculus in the spermatic duct or seminal
vesicles.

spermolysin (sper-mol' -is-in) [sperm ; \veii>, to loosen].
Metchnikoff's name for a cytolysin produced by in-
oculation with spermatozoa. Syn., spermatoxin.

spermolysis (sper-mol' -is-is). Dissolution of sper-
matozoa.

spermoneuralgia (sper-mo-nu-raV -je-ah) [airkpua,
seed; vevpov, nerve; 0X705, pain]. Neuralgia of the
testicles and spermatic cord.

spermophlebectasia (sper-mo-fieb-ek-ta' -ze-ah) [a-irkp-
pa, seed; 4>\&J/, vein; iKraais, distention]. Varicosity
of the spermatic vein.

spermoplasm (sper'-mo-plazm) [sperm; wXaaa-eiv, to
mold]. The protoplasm of a spermatozoon.

spermorrhagia (sper-mor-a'-je-ah) . See spermator-
rhea.

spennorrhea (sper-mor-e'-ah). See spermatorrhea.

spermosphere (sper'-mo-sfer) [sperm; <r<paZpa,
sphere]. A mass of spermatoblasts.

spermospore (sper'-mo-spor). See spermatospore.

spermotoxin (sper-mo-loks'-in). See spermolysin.

sp. gr. Abbreviation of specific gravity.

sph. Abbreviation for spherical ; also for spherical
lens.

sphacelate, sphacelated (sfas'-el-at, sfas' -el-a-ted)
[sphacelus]. Necrosed; gangrenous; mortified.

sphacelation (sfas-el-a' -shun) . The formation of a
sphacelus; moist gangrene; necrosis.

sphacele (sfas' -el). The uncorticated apical cell
of the branches of certain marine alga?.

sphacelism (sfas'-el-izm) [a<j>aice\os, gangrene]. 1.
The condition of being affected with sphacelus. 2.
Necrosis. 3. Inflammation of the brain.

sphaceloderma (sfas-el-o-der'-mah) [sphacelus;
Skpp-a, skin]. Gangrene of the skin, especially sym-
metrical gangrene, or Raynaud's disease.

sphaceloid (sfas' -el-oid) [<r</>cuceXos, gangrene; eZSos,
like]. Resembling a sphacelus or gangrenous part.

sphacelotoxin (sfas-el-o-toks'-in) [sphacelia, a stage
in the growth of ergot; toxicon, a poison], C20O21H9.
A yellowish, pulverulent body obtained from ergot,
insoluble in water, soluble in ether, chloroform, al-
cohol, and alkaline solutions. It is used as a tonic,
astringent, and emmenagogue. Dosei-if gr. (0.032-
0.1 Gm.). Syn., spasmotin; spasmotoxin.

sphacelous (sfas'-el-us) 0<£d/ceXos, gangrene]. Per-
taining to sphacelus; gangrenous; necrosed.

sphacelus (sfas'-el-us) [<r0cuceXos, gangrene]. A
slough.

sphaeraesthesia (sfe-res-the'-ze-ah). See spheres-
thesia.

sphaerobacteria (sfe-ro-bak-te'-rah) . See spherobac-
teria.

sphaerobacterium (sfe-ro-bak-te'-re-um). See sphe-
robaclerium.

Sphaerococcus (sfe-ro-kok-us) [<r<j>aZpa,a ball; kokkos,
a berry]. A genus of marine alga? of the order Sphtz-
rococcoidece. S. compressus, said to furnish in part
the Japanese isinglass or agar of commerce.

sphaeroma (sfe-ro'-mah). See spheroma.

sphage (sfaj) [tr<f>ayo, the throat]. The throat; the
anterior portion of the neck.

sphagiasmus (sfa-je-az'-mus) [a<payri, throat]. Ep-
ileptic spasm of the muscles of the neck.

sphagitis (sfa-ji'-tis) [a<j>ayr), the throat; ins, in-
flammation]. 1. Inflammation of the jugular vein.
2. Sore-throat.

sphenencephalus (sfe-nen-sef'-al-us). See sphe-
nocephaly.

sphenethmoid (sfe-neth'-moid). Same as spheno-
ethmoid.

sphenic (sfe'-nik) [<r<t>r)v, wedge]. Wedge-like.

sphenion (sfe'-ne-on) [a-^-qv, wedge]. The apex of
the sphenoid angle of the parietal bone on the surface
of the skull. See craniometric points.

spheno- (sfe-no-) [acpyv, a wedge]. A prefix denot-
ing pertaining to the sphenoid bone.

sphenobasilar (sfe-no-bas'-il-ar) [spheno-; /Sdo-is,
base]. Pertaining conjointly to the sphenoid bone
and the basilar portion of the occipital bone. s.
groove, the depression on the body of the sphenoid
bone and the basilar portion of the occipital bone,
upon which the pons rests.

sphenoccipital (sfe-nok-sip'-it-al) [spheno-; occiput].
Pertaining to the sphenoid and the occipital bones;
sphenobasilar.

sphenocephaly (sfe-no-sef'-al-us) [spheno- ; K&t>a\ri,
head]. A variety of monster in which the two eyes
are well separated, the ears united under the head,
the jaws and mouth distinct, and the sphenoid bone
altered in shape, so that it is analogous in form to
what is found normally in birds.

spheno ethmoid (sfe-no-eth' -moid) [spheno-; eth-
moid]. Relating to both the sphenoid and the eth-
moid bones, s. recess, the groove at the back of the
roof of the nasal fossa.

sphenofrontal (sfe-no-frun'-tal). Belonging or re-
lating to both the sphenoid and frontal bones.

sphenoid (sfe'-noid) [a<$>i\v, wedge; eiSos, like]. 1.
Wedge-shaped, as the sphenoid bone. 2. The sphe-
noid bone. s. bone, see sphenoidale under bones,
table of. s. sinus, see sinus, sphenoid.

sphenoidale (sfe-noid-a'-le) [neuter of sphenoidalis,
sphenoid]. The sphenoid bone. s. basilar e ant erius,
the anterior portion of the body of the sphenoid, s.
basioposticum, the lower portion of the body of the
sphenoid, s. laterale posterius, the lateral portion
of the sphenoid, sphenoidalia lateralia, the greater
wings of the sphenoid.

sphenoides (sfe-noi' -dez) [<r<j>r)v, wedge; el5os, like].
The sphenoid bone.

sphenoiditis (sfe-noid-i'-tis). Inflammation of the
sphenoid sinus.

sphenoido- (sfe-noi-do-). The same as spheno-.

sphenoidoauricular (sfe-noi-do-aw-rik'-u-lar) [sphe-
noid; auricula, auricle]. Pertaining to the sphenoid
and binauricular diameters of the skull, s.-a. index,
the ratio of the minimum sphenoid diameter of the
skull with the binauricular diameter, the latter being
taken as iod.

sphenoidofrontal (sfe-noi-do-fron'-tal) [sphenoido-;
frontal]. 1. Pertaining to the sphenoid and frontal
bones. 2. Pertaining to the sphenoid and frontal
diameters of the skull, s.-f. index, the relation be-
tween the minimum sphenoid diameter of the skull
and the minimum frontal diameter taken as 100.

sphenoidoparietal (sfe-noi-do-par-i'-et-al) [sphenoi-
do-; parietal]. 1. Pertaining to the sphenoid and
parietal bones. 2. Belonging or relating to the sphe-
noid and parietal diameters of the skull, s.-p. index,
the relation between the minimum sphenoid diameter
of the skull and the maximum frontal diameter taken
as 100.

sphenomalar (sfe-no-ma'-lar). Pertaining to the
sphenoid and malar bones.

sphenomandibular (sfe-no-man-dib'-u-lar). Per-
taining to the sphenoid and inferior maxillary bones.
s. ligament. See sphenomaxillary ligament.

sphenomaxillary (sfe-no-maks'-il-a-re) [spheno- ;
maxilla]. Pertaining to the sphenoid and maxillary-
bones, as the sphenomaxillary fossa, s. fissure. See
fissure, sphenomaxillary, s. fossa, a triangular space
at the angle of the sphenomaxillary and pterygomax-
illary fissure, s. ligament, a ligament extending from
the inferior maxilla, near the inferior dental foramen,
to the spinous process of the sphenoid bone.

sphenometer (sfe-nom-' et-er) [<r<t>vv, wedge; p.krpov,
measure]. An instrument for measuring the wedge
to be removed in osteotomy for curvature.

spheno-occipital (sfe-no-ok-sip' -it-al) , see sphenoc-
cipital.

spheno-orbital (sfe-no-or' -bit-al) [spheno-; orbit].
Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit.

sphenopalatine (sfe-no- pal'-a-tin) [spheno- ; palatum,
palate]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the
palate, as the sphenopalatine foramen, s.-foramen,
the spheno-palatine notch converted into a foramen

SPHENOPARIETAL

820

SPHYGMOGRAPHY

by articulation with the sphenoidal turbinated bone,
s.-p. ganglion. See ganglion, s.-p. notch, a deep
notch separating the orbital and sphenoid process of
the palate bone; see notch.

sphenoparietal (sfe-no-par-i'-et-al) [spheno-; par-
ietal]. Pertaining to the sphenoid and parietal bones.

sphenopetrosal (sfe-no-pe-tro'-sal) [spheno-; irerpa,
rock]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the
petrous portion of the temporal bone.

sphenopterygoid (sfe-no-ter'-ig-oid) . Pertaining to
the body of the sphenoid bone and to the pterygoid
process.

sphenorbital (sfe-nor'-bit-al). See sphenoorbital.

sphenosis (sfe-no'-sis) [a<f>r] v, wedge]. The wedging
of the fetus in the pelvis.

sphenosquamosal, sphenosquamous (sfe-no-skwa-
mo'-sal, sfe-no-skwa'-mus). Belonging or relating to
both the sphenoid bone and the squamous portion of
the temporal bone.

sphenotemporal (sfe-no-tem'-po-ral). Pertaining
conjointly to the sphenoid and temporal bones.

sphenotic (sfe-no' -tik) [spheno-; ovs, ear]. A part
of the sphenoid bone, existing as a distinct bone in the
fetus, and forming the parts adjacent to the carotid
groove.

sphenotresia (sfe-no-tre'-ze-ah) [o-<t>yv, wedge; rprjo-Ls,
perforation]. A variety of craniotomy in which the
basal portion of the fetal skull is perforated.

sphenotribe (sfe' -no-trib) [spheno-; rplfieiv, to rub].
An instrument for crushing the basal portion of the
fetal skull. _

sphenotripsy (sfe'-no-trip-se) [see sphenotribe].
Crushing of the fetal skull.

sphenoturbinal, sphenoturbinate (sfe-no-ter'-bin-al,
sfe-no-ter' -bin-at) . i . Pertaining to the sphenoid and
turbinate bones. 2. One of the sphenoidal spongy
bones situated cephalad of the body of the sphenoid.

sphenovomerine (sfe-no-vo'-mer-in). Pertaining to
the sphenoid bone and the vomer.

spheral (sfe'-ral) [<r<j>alpa, sphere]. Like a sphere.

sphere (sfer) [o-<j>aZpa, a sphere]. 1. A ball or globe.
2. A space, s. of attraction, a clear spot in the cell-
plasma, outside and close to the nucleus of an ovum
undergoing mitosis. It contains the centrosoma of
Boveri, and is the center of the formation of the am-
phiasters in karyo kinesis (q. v.). s., embryonic. See
s., segmentation-, s.- granule, a large granular cor-
puscle found in serous exudations, s., hearing, the
area in the brain which is supposed to be the seat
of hearing. It is in the temporal lobe, s., motor, a
region in the central nervous system which, when
stimulated, gives rise to motion, s., protoplasmic
primordial. See s., segmentation-, s., segmentation-,
a nucleated cell derived from division of the vitellus
in the process of segmentation, s., sensory, a sensory
area of the central nervous system, s., vitelline, s.,
yolk-, the mulberry-like mass of cells that results
from the fission of the substance of the ovum after
fertilization, s., yeast-, in biology, an aggregation
of certain sprouting forms of the genus Mucor.

spheresthesia, spheraesthesia {sfe-res-the'-ze-ah)
[<r<paipa, globe; ato-drjais, sensation]. Perverted feel-
ing, as of the contact of a ball or globe-shaped body.

spheric, spherical (sfer'-ik, sfer'-ik-al). Having the
shape of or pertaining to a sphere, s. aberration.
See aberration, spherical.

spherobacteria (sfe-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [<r<paZpa, sphere;
bacteria]. The micrococci.

spheroid (sfe'-roid) [a<paZpa, sphere; elSos, like].
Having the form of a sphere. A solid resembling a
sphere, s., oblate, one in which the polar axis is less
than the equatorial diameter, s., prolate, one in
which the polar axis exceeds the equatorial diameter.

spheroma (sfe-ro'-mah) [<r<j>aZpa, sphere; op.a, tu-
mor]. Any spherical shaped tumor or protuberance.

spherometer (sfe-rom'-et-er) [a<t>aZpa, sphere; ukrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for determining the de-
gree of curvature of a sphere or part of a sphere,
especially of optic lenses, or of the tools used for
grinding them.

sphincter (sfingk'-ter) [a^lyytiv, to bind]. A mus-
cle surrounding and closing an orifice, as the anal
sphincter, the pyloric sphincter, etc. s. ani. See under
muscle, s. antripylorici. See under muscle, s. guise,
the constrictor of the pharynx, s. ilei, the ileocecal
valve, s. intestinalis. See s. ani (internal) underra«s-
cle. s. laborium, the orbicularis oris muscle, s.
laryngis, the arytenoepiglottideus muscles of both
sides surrounding the laryngeal opening, s. oculi, s.
palpebrarum, the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.

s. oesophageus. See foramen, esophageal, s., oral, the
orbicularis oris. s. pharyngolaryngeus, the inferior
constrictor of the pharynx, the anterior cricothyroid,
and the thyroid muscles considered as one. s. pylori-
cus. See under muscle, s., third, of the rectum, a
duplicature of the mucosa projecting well into the
lumen of the gut from the right side, forming rather
more than a semicircle, and involving more of the
ventral than of the dorsal wall. It is also called
Kohlrausch's fold. s. vaginae. See under muscle.

sphincteralgia (sfingk-ter-al'-je-ah) [sphincter; &\-
yos, pain]. Pain in the sphincter ani muscle, or about
the anus.

sphincterectomy (sfingk-ter-ek'-to-me) [sphincter;
itcTonri, excision]. 1. Oblique blepharotomy; Stell-
wag's operation for the dilatation of the palpebral
fissure, or for blepharospasm. 2. -The surgical re-
moval of the pyloric sphincter.

sphincterial, sphincteric (sfingk-te'-re-al, sfingk-ter'-
ik). Pertaining to a sphincter or to its function.

sphincterismus (sfingk-ter-iz'-mus). A spasmodic
contraction of the sphincter ani muscle, usually at-
tendant upon fissure or ulcer of the anus, but occa-
sionally occurring independently of such lesion.

sphincterolysis (sfingk-ter-ol'-is-is) [sphincter ; Xwns,
solution]. The operation of freeing the iris in ante-
rior synechia.

sphincteroplasty (sfingk'-ter-o-plas-te) [sphincter;
irXaacreiv, to form]. The formation of an artificial
sphincter by plastic operation.

sphincteroscope (sfingk-ter'-o-skop) [sphincter; ano-
irelv, to examine]. An instrument for making visual
inspection of a sphincter.

sphincteroscopy (sfingk-ter-os'-ko-pe) [see sphinc-
teroscope]. Visual inspection of a sphincter by means
of special instruments.

sphincterotomy (sfingk-ter-ot'-o-me) [sphincter; tow,
a cutting]. The operation of incising a sphincter.

sphinctrate (sfingk'-trat). Contracted or con-
stricted as if by a sphincter.

sphingoine (sfin'-go-in) [a<t>lyyeiv, to bind]. A
leukomaine derived from cerebral tissue.

sphingomyelin (sfin- go-mi' -el-in) [o-<piyyeiv, to
bind; fiveKos, marrow]. A brain-phosphatide allied
to myelin. It is capable of being decomposed into
neurin and a substance which is convertible into
sphingosin.

sphingosine (sfin'-go-sen) [a<f>eyyeiv, to bind]. An
alkaloidal cerebroside occurring in brain-tissue.

sphygmic, sphygmical (sfig'-mik, sfig'-mik-al)
[o-<t>vyp.os, pulse]. Pertaining to the pulse.

sphygmo- (sfig-mo-) [a<pvyp.6s, pulse]. A prefix sig-
nifying pertaining to the pulse.

sphygmobolometer (sfig-mo-bo-lom'-et-er) [sphyg-
mo-; /36Xos, a throw; ukrpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment for measuring and recording the force of the
pulse.

sphygmocardiograph (sfig-mo-kar' -de-o-graf) [sphyg-
mo-; Kap5ta, heart; ypa<peZp, to record]. An in-
strument for the recording of the movements of the
pulse and the heart.

sphygmocardioscope (sfig-mo-kar' -de-o-skop) [sphyg-
mo-; KapSia, heart; o-noireZv, to examine]. Same as
sphygmocardiograph.

sphygmochronograph (sfig-mo-kro'-no-graf) [sphyg-
mo-; chronograph]. A registering sphygmograph.

sphygmochronography (sfig-mo-kro-nog' '-raf-e) . The
registration of the extent and oscillations of the pulse-
wave.

sphygmodic {sfig-mo' -dik) [o-<j>vyp.6s, pulse]. Like
the pulse; throbbing.

sphygmodynamometer (spig-mo-di-nam-om'-et-er)
[sphygmo-; Swapis, power; fxerpov, measure]. An in-
strument for measuring the force of the pulse.

sphymogenin (sfig-moj' -en-in) [sphygmo-; ytwav,
to produce]. A substance isolated by Frankel from
the suprarenal capsule, which causes increase of blood-
pressure. It is used as an antidote in nicotine poi-
soning.

sphygmogram (s fig' -mo-gram) [sphygmo- ; ypanna, a
writing]. The tracing made by the sphygmograph.

sphygmograph (sfig'-mo-graf) [sphygmo-; ypa<peu>, to
write]. . An instrument for recording graphically the
features of the pulse and the variations in blood-pres-
sure.

sphygmographic (sfig-mo-graf'-ik). Pertaining to
the sphygmograph.

sphygmography (sfig-mog'-ra-fe) [o-<f>vyn6t, pulse;
ypa<peiu, to write]. A description of the pulse, its-
pathological variations and their significance.

SPHYGMOID

821

SPINAL

sphygmoid (sfig'-moid) [<r<t>vyn6s, pulse; elSos, re-
semblance]. Resembling or having the nature of
continuous pulsation.

sphygmology (sfig-mol'-o-je) [sphygmo-; \6yos, trea-
tise]. The branch of medicine dealing with the
characters of the pulse.

sphygmomanometer (sfig-mo-man-om'-et-er) [sphyg-
mo-; manometer]. An instrument for measuring the
tension of the blood-current or arterial pressure.

sphygmometer (sfig-mom' -et-er) , see sphygmograph.

sphygmometroscope (sfig-mo-mef -ro-skop) [sphyg-
mo-; fxirpov, measure; a-Koireiv, to inspect]. An instru-
ment used for listening to the pulse while the blood
pressure is being estimated.

sphygmo-oscillometer (sfig-mo-os-il-om' -et-er). A
form of sphygmomanometer in which the systolic and
diastolic blood pressure are indicated by an oscillating
needle.

sphygmopalpation (sfig-mo-pal-pa' -shun) . The pal-
pation of the pulse.

sphygmophone (sfig'-mo-fon) [sphygmo-; 4>u>vh,
sound]. A sphygmograph in which the vibrations of
the pulse produce a sound.

sphygmoscope (sfig'-mo-skop) [sphygmo- ; o-Koirelv, to
examine]. An instrument for showing the move-
ments of the heart or the pulsations of a blood-
vessel.

sphygmoscopy (sfig-mos'-ko-pe) [sphygmo-; o-Koweiv,
to observe], i. The art of tracing the pulse-curve by
the sphygmoscope. 2. Examination of the pulse.

sphygmosystole (s fig-mo-sis' -to-le) [sphygmo-; sys-
tole]. That part of the sphygmogram produced under
the influence of the cardiac systole upon the pulse.

sphygmotechny (sfig-mo-tek'-ne) [sphygmo-; rexvy,
art]. The art of diagnosis and prognosis by means of
the pulse.

sphygmotonograph {sfig-mo-to' -no-graf) [sphygmo- ;
twos, tension; ypaxfreiv, to write]. An instrument
which records simultaneously the blood pressure, the
apex beat and the pulse.

sphygmotonometer (sfig-mo-to-nom'-et-er) [sphyg-
mo-; twos, tone; fikrpov, measure]. An instrument
for use in estimating the elasticity of the arterial
walls.

sphygmous (sfig'-mus) [<r<f>vyfi6s, pulse]. Pertain-
ing to or having the nature of a pulse.

sphygmus (sfig'-mus) [a<f>vyfj.6s, pulse]. The pulse;
a pulsation.

sphyra (sfi'-rah) [a<f>vpa, a hammer]. The malleus.

sphyrectomy (sfi-rek'-to-me) [sphyra; cktojut?, exci-
sion]. Excision of the malleus.

sphyrotomy (sfi-rot'-o-me) [sphyra; tow, a cutting].
Surgical removal of part of the handle of the malleus,
or of the malleus or its handle together with a portion
of the membrana tympani.

sphyxis (sfiks'-is). See pulsation.

spica (spi'-kah) [L.]. 1. A spike or spur. 2. A
spiral bandage with reversed turns, s.-bandage. See
under bandage.

spice (spis) [ME., spice, spice]. An aromatic
vegetable substance used for flavoring; a condiment.
s.-berry, a popular name for Gaultheria procumbens.
s.-plaster. See under plaster, s.-poultice, a poultice
made from the mixture of a variety of spices, s.-
wood. See fever bush.

spicula (spik' -u-lah) [dim. of spica, a spike: pi.,
spicules]. A small spike-shaped bone or fragment of
bone.

spicular (spik'-u-lar) [spicula, a spicule]. Having
the form of a spicule.

spicule (spik'-ul) [dim. of spica, a spike]. A needle-
shaped body; a spike, s., bony, a needle-shaped bone
or fragment of bone, s.-sheath, the investment of a
sponge-spicule.

spiculum (spik'-u-lum) [L.]. See spicula, and
spicule.

spider (spi'-der) [ME., spither]. An arthropod of
the class Arachnida. s. cancer, see acne rosacea, s.-
cells, in biology — (a) Bacilli the flagella of which are
present in such numbers as to give the microbes the
appearance of minute spiders, (b) The characteris-
tic cells of the neuroglia. They have numerous long
and delicate prolongations, s., Menarody, a poison-
ous species of Latrodectus found in Madagascar, s.
nevus, see acne rosacea, s.-web, the web spun by the
spider, formerly much used as a hemostatic, and also
in some systemic diseases; used also as a moxa with
the blow-pipe.

Spiegelberg's sign (spe' -gel-berg). A sensation like
that of passing over wet rubber, imparted to the finger

which presses on, and moves along, the affected part;
it is noted in cancer of the cervix uteri.

Spiegel's line, lobe. See Spigelius' line, lobe.

Spiegler's test for albumin (spe'-gler) [Edward
Spiegler, Austrian dermatologist, 1 863-1908]. Acid-
ulate the solution by the addition of acetic acid to
remove the mucin; filter, and overlay the filtrate with
a solution prepared by dissolving 8 Gm. of mercuric
chloride and 4 Gm. of tartaric acid in 200 Cc. of water,
and adding 20 Gm. of glycerol to it. In the presence
of albumin a white ring will form between the two
liquids.

Spigelia (spi-je'-le-ah) [after Adrian van der Spie-
gel; see Spigelius]. Pinkroot, a genus of plants of
the order Loganiacece. The rhizome and rootlets of
5. marilandica constitute the spigelia of the U. S. P. ;
they contain a volatile alkaloid, spigeline, and are
used as an anthelmintic against the roundworm.
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.) for a child; 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Gm.) for an adult, s., fluidextract of (fluidex-
tractum spigelia, U. S. P.). Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-
1.3 Cc.) for a child; 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.) for an adult.

spigeline (spi-je'-len). An alkaloid said to exist
in the anthelmintic species of Spigelia, of which it
appears to be an active principle.

Spigelian line, lobe (spi-je'-le-an). See Spigelius'
line, lobe.

Spigelius' line [Adrian van der Spiegel, Belgian
physician and anatomist, 1578-1625]. The semi-
lunar line marking the insertion of the muscular fibers
of the transversalis abdominis into its tendon. S.'s
lobe, a small triangular lobe on the under surface of
the right lobe of the liver.

spike (spik) [spica, a spike, ear of corn]. 1. That
form of indeterminate anthotaxy in which the flowers
are sessile, or nearly so, and arranged on a lengthened
axis. 2. A sharp point, s.-lavender, a plant, Lavan-
dula spica ; it yields oil of spike.

spikenard (spik'-nard). A name given to the rhi-
zome of various species of Valeriana.

spiloma (spi-lo'-mah), see nevus (2).

spiloplania (spi-lo-pla'-ne-ah) [airlXos, a stain; irkavrj,
wandering]. A condition characterized by transient
or wandering maculae of the skin. Also, a synonym
of elephantiasis grcecorum.

spiloplaxia (spi-lo-plaks'-e-ah) [o-irl\os, spot; 7r\&£, a
broad surface]. 1. A condition marked by the spots
symptomatic of elephantiasis. 2. A synonym of
leprosy.

spilus (spi'-lus) [o-n-ikos, a spot]. A mole or colored
mark on the skin; nevus.

spina (spi'-nah) [L.]. 1. A thorn. 2. The spine,
s. accessoria ischii, an inconstant projection into the
great sciatic notch at the junction of the ischium and
ilium, s. angularis, the spine of the sphenoid bone,
s. bifida, a protrusion of the spinal membranes through
a congenital cleft of the lower part of the vertebral
column, s. bifida occulta, spina bifida in which there
is no protrusion of the spinal membranes, s. dorsalis,
the spinal column, s. frontalis, the nasal spine, s.
helicis. See crista helicis. s. Liaca, the iliac spine
(anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior
and posterior inferior), s. ischiadica, s. ischiatici, s.
ischii. See spine of ischium, s. mentalis, the mental
spine; genial tubercle, s. nasalis, the nasal spine,
s. nodosa, rhachitis. s. scapulae, the spine of the
scapula, s. supra meatum, an elevation just above
the superior angle of the mastoid process of the tem-
poral bone. It appears to be the posterior part of
the zygomatic line. s. tegminis, a bony process in
the tympanum, just above the entrance to the mas-
toid antrum, s. ventosa, a rarefying form of osteitis
in which the bone is eroded or destroyed, and the sub-
periosteal tissue and osseous marrow contain numer-
ous small cells with transuded red blood-corpuscles.
It is frequently a result of syphilis.

spinal (spi'-nal). 1. Pertaining to the spine. 2.
Pertaining to the spinal cord. s. accessory nerve.
See under nerve, s. canal. See canal, vertebral, s.
column, the vertebral column, composed of vertebrae,
intervertebral cartilages, and ligaments, s. cord,
the neural structure occupying the vertebral canal
and extending from the atlas to the first lumbar ver-
tebra, and terminating in the filum terminale. It is
covered by the spinal membranes (the pia mater,
arachnoid, and dura mater) and is divided into sym-
metrical halves by the anterior and posterior median
fissures. These halves are joined together by the
anterior white commissure and the gray commissure.
In the middle of the latter is the central canal, a con-

SPINALGIA

822

SPIRILLOSIS

tinuation of the ventricular cavities of the brain.
Each half of the spinal cord consists of an internal
mass of gray matter and an outer covering of white
matter. The former is subdivided into the anterior
and posterior horns, which are made up of ganglion-
cells, nerve-fibers, and delicate fibrils, and a modified
neuroglia, the substantia gelatinosa. The white mat-
ter is divided by the two gray horns into three col-
umns: the anterior, lateral, and posterior. These are
again subdivided into distinct physiological tracts.
Thus the anterior column includes the direct pyrami-
dal tract (Tiirck's column) and the anterior ground-
bundle, or anterior radicular zone, which is continu-
ous with the adjacent part of the lateral column. In
the latter the following tracts are distinguished: the
crossed pyramidal, direct cerebellar, anterolateral
(Gowers' tract), and mixed lateral tract. The pos-
terior column contains the posteromedian tract (Goll's
column) and the posterolateral or posteroexternal
tract (Burdach's column). The spinal cord is the
conductor of impulses from and to the brain, as well
as a center for reflex acts. s. curvature. See lordosis,
kyphosis, and scoliosis, s. epilepsy. See epilepsy,
spinal, s. irritation, a form of neurasthenia charac-
terized by pain in the back, tenderness along the
spines of the vertebrae, fatigue on slight exertion, and
occasionally numbness and tingling in the limbs, s.
marrow, the spinal cord. s. nerves, the 31 pairs of
nerves arising from the spinal cord, and grouped into
8 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal.
Each arises by two roots, a dorsal and a ventral. On
the dorsal root is the spinal ganglion. Beyond the
ganglion the two roots unite to form, in the spinal
canal, the mixed trunk of a spinal nerve. The anterior
roots supply efferent fibers to all the voluntary mus-
cles of the trunk and extremities, to the smooth
muscular fibers of the bladder, ureter, uterus, etc.,
vasomotor, inhibitory, secretory, and trophic fibers.
The posterior roots carry afferent impulses.

spinalgia (spi-nal'-je-ah) [spine; ahyos, pain]. Ten-
derness of a vertebral spine to pressure.

spinalis (spi-na'-lis) [spine]. 1. Spinal. 2. A
muscle attached to the spinous processes of the ver-
tebrae; see under muscle.

spinant (spi'-nant) [spine]. A drug or other agent
increasing the reflex excitability of the spinal cord;
strychnine is a spinant.

spinate (spi'-nat) [spinalus, having spines]. Armed
with spines or thorn-shaped processes.

spindle (spin'-dl) [ME.]. A tapering rod or pin.
A body having a fusiform shape, s., achromatic,
s., cleavage, s., karyokinetic, s., nuclear, s., segmen-
tation, the double cone-like appearance of the nucle-
us during certain stages of karyokinesis. s.-cata-
ract, a form of cataract characterized by a spindle-
shaped opacity extending from the posterior surface
of the anterior portion of the capsule to the anterior
surface of the posterior portion of the capsule, with a
central dilatation, s.-cell, a fusiform cell, s.-celled,
having fusiform cells, a form of cell typical of certain
morbid growths, especially sarcoma; fusocellular.
s., central, the lining filaments spanning the interval
between the centrosome at the completion of the
prophase, s.-legged, having long, thin legs, s.,
neuro-muscular, small fusiform end-organs found in
almost all the muscles of the body, s., nuclear, the
cone-like appearance of the nucleus during certain
stages of karyokinesis. s.-oils, lubricating oils. - s.-
shanked, same as s.-legged. s.-shaped, shaped like
a spindle; fusiform, s.-tree, see euonymus.

spine (spin) [spina, a thorn]. 1. A sharp process
of bone. 2. The backbone or spinal column, s.-
ache, pain in or about the spine. _ s., angular, cur-
vature of the spine, s., cauda equina of. See cauda
equina, s., cleft, or cloven. See spina bifida, s.,
cruciate. See 5. of tibia, s., ethmoid, the spine on
top of the sphenoid bone, s., filum terminale of.
See filum terminate, s., frontal. See frontal crest.
s., hemal, the part that closes in the hemal arch of a
typical vertebra, s-, irritable. See spinal irrita-
tion. s.,ischiatic. See 5. of ischium, s. of ischium,
a pointed eminence on the posterior border of the
body of the ischium. It forms the lower border of
the great sciatic notch, s., mental. See genial
tubercles, s., navicular, a pointed projection on the
inner edge of the navicular bone, s., neural, the
part that closes in the neural arch of the typical
vertebra, s., occipital, external, the external oc-
cipital crest, s., palatine. Sees., nasal, s., pharyn-
geal, the ridge on the under surface of the basilar

process of the occipital bone. s. of the pubes, the
prominent tubercle on the upper border of the body
of the pubes. s., pubic. See 5. of the pubes. s.,
railway, the designation given to a series of nervous
symptoms developed from shock produced by a rail-
way accident or from the concussion produced by
constant travel, s. of the scapula, the plate of bone
crossing the dorsum of the scapula and dividing it
into two unequal parts, s., sciatic. See 5. of ischi-
um, s., sphenoid, the spinous process of the greater
wing of the sphenoid bone. s. of the sphenoid. See
s„ sphenoid, and s., ethmoid, s. of the tibia, the
elevation upon the upper surface of the tibia between
its two articulating surfaces, s., trochlear, a small
projection on the upper ventral part of the inner wall
of the orbit for the trochlea, s., typhoid, acute in-
flammation of one or more vertebrae following typhoid
fever, s., zygomatic, a projection from the zygo-
matic process.

spinicerebrate (spi-ni-ser'-e-brat) . Furnished with
a brain and spinal cord.

spinideltoid (spi-ni-del'-toid). The part of the del-
toid muscle arising from the spine of the scapula.

spinifugal (spi-nif-u-gal) [spine; fugere, to flee].
Moving from the spinal cord.

spinipetal (s pi-nip' -et-al) [spine; peter e, to seek].
Moving toward the spinal cord. •

spinitis (spi-ni'-tis). See myelitis.

spinitrapezius (spi-ni-tra-pe'-ze-us). The spinal
part of the trapezius as distinguished from the cranial
part.

spinobulbar (spi-no-buV -bar) [spine; bulbus, the
medulla oblongata]. Pertaining to the spinal cord
and the medulla oblongata.

spinogalvanization (spi-no-gal-van-i-za' -shun) . Gal-
vanization of the spinal cord.

spinoglenoid (spi-no-glen'-oid). Relating to the
spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity.

spinol (spin'-ol). An extract of young, fresh spin-
ach (Atriplex hortensis) leaves, containing about 2.6%
of iron and occurring both as a liquid and as a powder.
It is used in the spinach cure for children. Dose 1-8
gr. (0.65-0.52 Gm.) several times daily, s. siccum,
spinol in the form of a green powder..

spinomuscular (spi-no-musr-ku-lar). Relating to
the spinal cord and the muscles.

spinoneural (spi-no-nu'-ral). Pertaining to the
spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.

spinose (spi-nos) [spinosus, full of thorns]. Pos-
sessing thorns; or shaped like a thorn.

spinous (spi'-nus) [spine]. Pertaining to the spine;
spiny or spiniform. s. process, the apophysis or
prominence at the posterior part of each vertebra.

spinthariscope (spin-thar'-is-kop) [airivB-qp, 3. spark;
a-Koirelu, to view]. An instrument devised by Sir
William Crookes for demonstrating the physical
properties of radium. It consists of a fluorescent
screen in front of which is placed a small quantity
of radium bromide, with or without a lens for examin-
ing the scintillations.

spintherism (spin'-ther-izm) [a-KivQepVZeiv, to emit
sparks]. The sensation of sparks dancing before the
eyes.

spintheropia (spin-ther-o'-pe-ah) [aini>6r)p, spark;
&4>, sight]. Same as spintherism.

spintometer (spin-torn' -et-er) [ainvdrip, spark; pkrpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for measuring the
length of sparks in the Roentgen tube.

spiradenitis (spi-rad-en-i'-tis) [awelpa, a coil;
adenitis]. Unna's name for phlegmonous hidrosad-
enitis.

spiradenoma (spi-rad-en-o'-mah) [airelpa, a coil;
&Srjv, a gland; 6p.a, a tumor]. Adenoma of the
sweat-glands.

spiral (spi'-ral) [airelpa, a coil]. 1. Winding like
the threads of a screw, as a spiral bandage. 2. A
curve having a spiral course, s. bandage. See
bandage, s. canal. See canal, s. lamina. See
lamina spiralis.

Spirasoma (spi-rah-so'-mah) [o-irelpa, a coil; aup.a,
a body]. A genus of bacteria of the Spirillacece
having rigid cells without flagella.

spirem, spirema, spireme (spi'-rem, spi-re'-mah,
spi-rem') [airelpa, a coil; a twist]. The close skein,
or mother skein, or wreath, of chromatin-fibrils in a
cell undergoing mitotic divisions.

spirillicidal (spir-il-e-sid'-al) [Spirillum; ccedere,
to kill]. Said of an agent which is capable of de-
stroying spirilla or spirochaetes.

spirillosis (spir-il-o'-sis). 1. Any affection due to

SPIRILLUM

823

SPIROBACTERIA

Spirillum. 2. A disease of cattle in the Transvaal.
s. of fowls, a disease of geese, ducks, guinea-fowls,
turtle-doves, pigeons, and sparrows. The affected
fowls exhibit diarrhea, loss of appetite, pale combs,
and in acute cases die suddenly of convulsions. It
is due to a spirillum which is transmitted by Argas
persicus. The serum of animals which have recovered
from a first attack possesses strong immunizing
properties.

Spirillum (spi-ril'-um) [spirillum, dim. of spira, a
coil]. A genus of bacteria having a- spiral shape.
See following table of spirilla, s.-feve . See relaps-
ing fever.

rectified (spiritus rectificatus, B. P.), contains 16 % of
water, s. of salt, hydrochloric acid. s. of wine,
alcohol.

spirituous (spir'-it-u-us). Alcoholic; pertaining to
alcoholic liquors.

spiritus (spir'-it-us) [L.]. See spirit, s. aetheris
nitrosi. See niter, sweet spirit of. s. chloroformi,
is used as a carminative. Dose 10-60 min. (0.65-
4.0 Cc). See also chloroform, spirit of. s. frumenti,
whisky, a spirit obtained by the distillation of
fermented grain, s. juniperi, gin or whisky with
which juniper-berries and hops have been distilled.
s. myrcise, bay-rum; a hydroalcoholic solution of

TABLE OF SPIRILLA.

Name.

S. amyliferum (Van Tieghem)

S. anserum (Sakharoff)

S. aquatilis (Giinther)

S. attenuatum (Warming)

S. aureum (Weibel)

S. beroliniensis (Neisser)

S. bonhoffii

S. cholerse asiaticae (Koch)

S. concentricum (Kitasato)

S. danubicus (Heiden)

S. denticola (Miller)

S. desulfuricans (Beyerinck)

S. dunbarii (Dunbar and Oergel) . .
S. endoparagogicum (Sorokin)

S. fiavescens (Weibel)

S. fiavum (Weibel)

S. of hospital gangrene (Vincent) .

S. jenensis (Ehrenberg)

S. leucomelaenum (Perty)

S. linguae (Weibel)

S. litorale (Warming)

S. luteum (Jumella)

S. maasei (Van't Hoff)

S. marinum (Russell)

S. (Vibrio) metchnikovi (Gamaleia)

S. nasale (Weibel)

S. obermeieri (Cohn)

S. plicatile (Dujardin)

S. ( Vibrio) proteus (Finkler-Prior) .

S. of pseudocholera (Renon)

S. recti physeteris (Beauregard) . . .

S. rosenbergii (Warming)

S. roseum

S. roseum (Mace)

S. rubrum (Esmarch)

S. rufum (Perty)

S. rugula (Miiller)

S. saprophiles (Weibel)

S. (Vibrio) schuylkillensis (Abbot)

S. serpens (Miiller)

S. smithii

S. sputigenum (Miiller)

S. tenue (Ehrenberg)

S. terrigenus (Giinther)

S. tyrogenum (Denecke)

S. undula (Miiller)

S. violaceum (Warming)

S. volutans (Ehrenberg)

S. of Wernicke

Where Found.

Water

Blood of septicemic geese

Water (Spree)

Sea-water

Air, sewage

Water (Berlin) . ".

Water

Dejecta of cholera patients;

water.

Putrid blood

Water (Danube)

Mouth

Pit-water ,

Water (Elbe)

Exudate of poplar tree

Sewage

Sewage

Membranous pulp covering the

ulcers.

Water

Water

Tongue of mouse

Bog-water

Bog-water

Water (Rotterdam)

Sea-water

Intestines of fowls

Nasal mucus

Blood in cases of relapsing fever. .

Water

Feces in cases of cholera nostras . .

Well-water (Billancourt)

Ambergris

Brackish water

Feces

Blennorrhagic pus

Water

Well-water

Water, mouth

Sewage

Water (Schuylkill)

Water

Intestines of swine

Healthy mouth.

Water

Soil

Milk

Water

Brackish water

Marsh-water

Water

Character.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (golden-yellow).

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Pathogenic, zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Zymogenic.

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (yellowish-green).

Chromogenic (ocher-yellow) .

Pathogenic.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Chromogenic (citron-yellow).
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Chromogenic (red).
Chromogenic (rose-red) .
Chromoparous (wine-red).
Chromophorous (rose- to blood-
red).
Zymogenic (fecal odor).
Saprophytic.
Pathogenic.
Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.

Saprophytic.
Saprophytic.
Zymogenic.
Saprophytic.
Chromophorous (violet) .
Saprophytic.
I Pathogenic.

spirit (spir'-it) [spiritus, breath, from spirare, to
breathe]. 1. The soul. 2. An alcoholic solution
of a volatile substance. 3. Alcohol, s., adiaphor-
ous, a liquid obtained by the distillation of cream of
tartar, s., ammonia. See ammonia, spiritus, under
ammonia, s., anise. See anisi, spiritus, under ani-
sum. s., Columbian, deodorized methyl alcohol, s.,
corn-, whisky obtained by the distillation of corn,
s., methylated, denatured alcohol, ethyl alcohol with
one-ninth its volume of methyl alcohol, s. of Min-
dererus, a solution of ammonium acetate, used as a
diuretic, s., potato-, whisky obtained by the distil-
lation of potatoes, s., proof-, diluted alcohol (alcohol
dilutum, U. S. P.; spiritus tenuior, B. P.), containing
about 41 % by weight of absolute ethyl-alcohol, s.,

various essential oils, and containing 0.8 per cent,
of oil of myrcia. s. odoratus, Cologne-water, s.
vini gallici (U. S. P.), brandy; a liquor obtained by
the distillation of wine. (For other spirits see the
different drugs.)

Spiro's test (spe'-ro) [Karl Spiro, German chemist,
1867- ]. A test for the determination of ammonia
and urea in urine by the use of barium oxide and
petroleum; it is based on the tests of Folin and Mdr-
ner-Sjoqvist.

spiro- (spi-ro-). 1. [airelpa, a coil]. A prefix mean-
ing spiral. 2. [spirare, to breathe.] A prefix mean-
ing relating to respiration.

spirobacteria (spi-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [spiro-; bacteria].

SPIROCHETE

824

SPLANCHNOSKELETON

Spiral bacteria, including spirilla, spirochetes, and
vibrios.

Spirochete, Spirochaeta (spi'-ro-ket, spi-ro-ke'-tah)
[spiro-; x^y, a bristle]. A genus of bacteria
characterized by flexible spiral filaments. See under
spirillum. S. duttoni, the cause of African tick
fever. S. novyi, found in relapsing fever in South
America. S. pallida, same as Treponema pallidum,
q. v. S. pallidula, same as 5. pertenuis. S. pertenuis,
believed to be the cause of yaws. S. phagedenis,
an anaerobe obtained from phagedenic ulcers on the
external genitals. S. plicatilis, occurs in stagnant
water and is of large size, being about o.75m thick
and 20 to sooju long. S. recurrentis, the spirillum
of Obermeier found in the blood in cases of relapsing
fever. S. refringens, occurs in primary syphilitic
lesions along with 5. pallida. S. vincenti, found in
Vincent's angina or ulcerative disease of the tonsils.

spirochetosis {spi-ro-ke-to'-sis). An infection
caused by a spirochete.

spirofibrillae (spi-ro-fi-bril'-e) [spiro-; fibrilla, a
small fiber]. The term applied by Fayod in his
theory of the structure of protoplasm to supposed
long, twisted, hollow fibrils constituting the proto-
plasm and nuclei of vegetable cells and uniting to form
the spirospartas (q. v.). Fayod asserts also that the
blood-plasma consists of spirofibrillae and that they
penetrate here and there into the hematoblasts.
In this case Biitschli holds that Fayod mistakes
coagulation of fibrin for spirofibrillae.

spirograph (spi'-ro-graf) [spiro-; ypafaiv, to write].
An instrument for registering the movements of
respiration.

spirographidin (spi-ro-graf'-id-in) [awelpa, a coil;
ypcupeiv, to write]. The hyalin obtained from spiro-
graphin.

spirographin (spi-ro-graf'-in) [airelpa, coil; ypa<f>eii>,
to write]. A substance obtained from the cartilage
and skeletal tissues of the worm, Spirographis.

spiroid (spi'-roid) [spira, spire]. Resembling a
screw; having spiral convolutions.

spirometer (spi-rom'-et-er) [spiro-; p-'erpov, a meas-
ure]. An instrument for measuring the quantity
of air taken in and given out in forcible respira-
tion.

spirometric (spi-ro-met'-rik) [spiro-; p-'trpov, meas-
ure]. Pertaining to the spirometer or to spirom-
etry._

spirometry (spi-rom'-et-re) [see spirometer]. Per-
tains to the measurement of respiration.

Spiromonas (spi-ro-mo'-nas) [spiro-; povas, a
unit]. A genus of biflagellate monads or free-
swimming animalcules established by Perty (1852),
now referred to Bodo (Ehrenberg) , Stein.

spironema (spi-ro-ne'-mah) [spiro-; vrjpa., a thread].
Treponema.

spirophore (spi'-ro-for) [spiro-; <j>kpeiv, to bear].
An instrument for performing artificial respiration.

spirosal (spi'-ro-sal). Trade name of a mono-
glycolic ester of salicylic acid, used externally in
rheumatism and similar conditions.

spirospartas (spi-ro-spar'-te) [spiro-; (nrapry, a
rope]. The term applied by Fayod in his theo:T to
twisted hollow strings the walls of which are formed
by the twisting together of the fibrils or spirofibrillae.
The cavities of the spirospartae and spirofibrillae are
said to be filled in the normal condition by "granular
plasma"; spirospartae pass from the protoplasm into
the nucleus and vice versa, and also may be traced
frequently from one cell into a neighboring one, so
that the cell loses its value as a morphological and
physiological unit. These results were obtained in
vegetable cells, chiefly by injection with quicksilver,
by which method Fayod believes he filled the cavities
of the spirospartae and spirofibrillae with metal. Cf.
spirofibrilla.

spirulina (spi-ru-li'-nah) [spirula, from spira, a
coil]. A spiral microorganism of spindle shape.

spissated (spis'-a-ted). Inspissated.

spissitude (spis'-it-ud) [spissare, to thicken].
The state of being inspissated.

spit [ME., spitien, to spit]. 1. To eject sputum
from the mouth. 2. Saliva. 3. A frothy secretion
produced by certain insects as a means of protection.

spittle (spit' -I). See saliva.

Spitzka's bundle (spitz'-kah) [Edward Charles
Spitzka, American neurologist, 1852-1914]. A
tract of nerve-fibers which passes from the cerebral
cortex through the pyramidal region of the crus
cerebri to the oculomotor nuclei of the opposite side.

S.'s nucleus, the central nucleus of the oculomotor
group in the gray matter below the aqueduct of
Sylvius. S.'s postorbital limbus, a welt-like pro-
jection of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe into
the middle cranial fossa.

Spitzka-Lissauer's tract. See Lissauer's tract.

Spix, angles of (spiks) [Joannes Baptist Spix,
German anatomist, 1781-1826]. In craniometry,
those angles formed: (1) between the alveolo-nasal
line and the coronal line; (2) between the alveolo-
nasal line and the nasobasilar line. S., horizontal
plane of, in craniometry, the alveolocondylean
plane. S.'s spine, the bony spine at the inner border
of the inferior dental foramen, giving attachment
to the sphenomaxillary ligament; the lingula of the
inferior maxillary bone.

splanchna (splangk' -nah) [ar-wXLyxva, viscera].
1. The intestines. 2. The viscera.

splanchnapophyseal (splangk-nap-off-iz'-e-al)

[splanchna; apophysis]. Pertaining to a splanchna-
pophysis.

splanchnapophysis (splangk-nap-off'-is-is) [airXa-
yxva, viscera; apophysis]. An apophysis or out-
growth of a vertebra on the opposite side of a verte-
bral axis from a neurapophysis, and inclosing some
viscus.

_ splanchnectopia (splank-nek-to'-pe-ah) [aTrXayxva,
viscera; iKroiros, displaced]. The abnormal position
or dislocation of a viscus.

splanchnemphraxis (splangk-nem-fraks'-is) [crirXa-
yx"o-, viscera; ip.<ppa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction of
the intestine.

splanchneurysma (splangk-nu-riz'-mah) [splanch-
no-; aneurysm]. Distention of the intestines.

splanchnic (splangk' -nik) [ewXayxva, viscera].

1. Pertaining to or supplying the viscera. 2. A
remedy efficient in diseases of the bowels, s. nerves,
three nerves, the great, lesser, and least, or renal
splanchnic, derived from the sympathetic system.

splanchno- (splangk-no-) [airXayxva, viscera]. A
prefix denoting pertaining to the viscera.

splanchnoblast (splangk' -no-blast) [splanchno-;
jSXacrros, a germ]. An anlage, proton, or incipient
rudiment destined to take part in the formation of
one or more of the viscera.

splanchnocele (splangk' -no-sel) [splanchno-; koLXos,
hollow]. 1. A protrusion of any abdominal viscus.

2. Splanchnoccele.

splanchnoccele (splangk' -no-sel) [splanchno-; koiXos,
hollow]. That part of the ccelom which persists in
the adult, and gives rise to the pericardial, pleural,
and abdominal cavities; the ventral ccelom, or pleuro-
peritoneal space. It appears as a narrow fissure in
the parietal zone of the mesoblast.

splanchnodiastasis (splangk-no-di-as'-tas-is)

[splanchno- ; diastasis]. Displacement or separation
of the viscera.

splanchnography (splank-nog'-raf-e) [splanchno- ;
ypafalv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the
viscera.

splanchnolith (splangk-no' -lith) [splanchno-; Xldos,
a stone]. Calculus of a viscus.
■ splanchnolithiasis (splangk-no-lith-i' -as-is) [splanch-
no-; Xidos, stone]. The condition of calculus of the
intestine.

splanchnology (splangk-nol'-o-je) [splanchno- ; Xoyos,
science]. The branch of medical science treating of
the viscera.

splanchnomegaly (splangk-no-meg'-al-e) [splanch-
no-; pkyas, large]. Giant growth of the viscera.

splanchnopathy (splangk-nop'-ath-e) [splanchno-;
ttclOos, disease]. Disease of viscera.

splanchnopleural (splangk-no-ploo'-ral) [splanchno-
pleure]. Relating to the splanchnopleure.

splanchnopleure (splangk' -no-ploor) [splanchno- ;
TrXevpa, the side]. The visceral layer of mesoderm
forming the covering of the digestive tube.

splanchnoptosia, splanchnoptosis (splangk-nop-to'-
she-ah, -sis) [splanchno-; tttoxtis, a falling]. A con-
dition of relaxation of the abdominal viscera; it
includes gastroptosis, enteroptosis, nephroptosis, less
commonly hepatoptosis and splenoptosis.

splanchnosclerosis (splangk-no-skle-ro'-sis) [splanch-
no-; aKXrjpos, hard]. Visceral induration.

splanchnoscopy (splangk-nos' -ko-pe) [splanchno-;
anoireiv, to examine]. Visual examination of the
viscera.

splanchnoskeleton (splangk-no-skel'-et-on) [splanch-
no-; skeleton]. That portion of the skeleton related
to the viscera.

SPLANCHNOTOMY

825

SPLENOPARECTAMA

splanchnotomy (splangk-not'-o-me) [splanchno- ;
rkfivetp, to cut]. Dissection of the viscera.

splanchnotribe (splangk'-no-trlb) [splanchno-; rpi-
fSew, to crush]. An instrument for crushing the
intestine and so occluding its lumen, previous to
resecting the intestine.

splashing (splash' '-ing) [origin obscure]. Making
a splashing sound, s. fremitus, a noise heard in
succession in some cases of pleural effusion; it may
be simulated by the presence of fluid in a distended
stomach, s. in the stomach, a sign of atony of that
organ.

splay-foot. See talipes.

spleen (splen) [aifK^v, spleen]. One of the ab-
dominal viscera, situated just below the diaphragm
on the left side, and connected with the hemato-
poietic system. It is covered by a fibroelastic capsule
from which trabecules radiate into the organ. In
the spaces formed by these are found collections of
lymphoid tissue (the Malpighian corpuscles) and the
splenic pulp. The Malpighian corpuscles surround
the small branches of the splenic artery. The
splenic pulp consists of a delicate reticulum containing
large connective-tissue cells, lymphoid cells., and
red corpuscles. The spleen receives a large amount
of blood, which in passing from the termination of
the splenic artery to the beginning of the splenic
vein is probably not held within walls, but comes in
direct contact with the lymphoid tissue. The
spleen normally weighs about 200 Gm. s., accessory,
a detached portion of splenic tissue in the neighbor-
hood of the spleen. Syn., splenculus. s., bacon,
a uniformly lardaceous spleen, s., floating. See
s., wandering, s., Indian, an indurated spleen
sometimes found in Anglo-Indians, s., lardaceous,
an enlargement of the spleen due to waxy degenera-
tion, s.-pulp, the proper substance of the spleen.
s., sago-, one of which the Malpighian follicles are
the seat of amyloid change, s., wandering, one that,
owing to relaxation of its attachments, is movable.
s., waxy. See s., lardaceous.

splen- (splen-) [<nr\r)v, spleen]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the spleen.

splenadenoma (splen-ad-en-o'-mah) [splen-; ade-
noma]. Hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the
spleen.

splenaemia. See splenemia.

splenalgia (splen-aV-je-ah) [splen-; aXyos, pain].
Neuralgic pain in the spleen.

splenauxe (splen-awks'-e) [spleen; av^rj, increase].
Enlargement of the spleen.

splenculus (splen' -ku-lus) [spleen]. An accessory
spleen.

splenectasis (splen-ek'-tas-is) [spleen; l/cratus,
enlargement]. Enlargement of the spleen.

splenectomize (splen-ek'-tom-iz) [splenectomy]. To
excise the spleen.

splenectomy (splen-ek' -to-me) [splen-; inTOM,
excision]. Excision of the spleen.

splenectopia, splenectopy (splen-ek-to'-pe-ah, splen-
ek'-to-pe) [splen-; &ctottos, dislocated]. Displacement
of the spleen.

splenelcosis (splen-el-ko'-sis) [splen-; IX/«ocns,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the spleen.

splenelcus (splen-el'-kus) [splen-; eknos, ulcer].
An ulcer upon the spleen.

splenemia, splenaemia (splen-e' -me-ah) [splen-;
al/j.a, blood]. Splenic leukemia.

splenemphraxis (splen-em-fraks'-is) [splen-; e/z<£pa£-
1$, obstruction]. Congestion of the spleen from
any cause.

splenepatitis (splen-ep-at-i'-tis) [splen-; fiirap, liver;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation involving both
liver and spleen.

splenetic (splen-et'-ik). Splenic. Pertaining to
the spleen; ill-humored; fretful; hypochondriacal.

splenial (sple'-ne-al) [0-^X17 vlov, bandage]. 1.
Serving as a bandage or splint. 2. Pertaining to
the splenium or to the splenius.

splenic (splen' -ik) [spleen]. 1. Pertaining to or
affecting the spleen. 2. A remedy efficient in
disorders of the spleen. 3. Affected with splenitis,
s. apoplexy, s. fever. See anthrax.

splenicogastric (splen-ik-o-gas'-lrik) [<nr\riviKbs,
splenic; yaarrjp, stomach]. Belonging or pertaining
to both the spleen and the stomach.

splenicopancreatic (splen-ik-o-pan-kre-at'-ik) [<rir\ri-
vikos, splenic; pancreas]. Belonging or pertaining to
both the spleen and the pancreas.

splenicterus (splen-ik'-ter-us) [spleen; icterus].

Inflammation of the spleen associated with jaundice.

spleniculus (splen-ik'-u-lus). See splenculus.

splenicus (splen' -ik-us) [spleen]. 1. Splenic.
2. A drug acting upon the spleen.

spleniferrin (splen-i-fer'-in). An organic iron
preparation said to be obtained from the spleen.

splenification (splen-if-ik-a'-shun). See splenization.

splenified (splen' -if -id). Of a tissue, resembling
the tissue of the spleen, as splenified bone-marrow.

splenin (splen' -in) . An organo therapeutic prepara-
tion made from the spleen of animals.

spleniserrate (splen-is-er'-at) [cnr\i)VLov, bandage;
serra, saw]. Pertaining to the splenius and serrate
muscles.

splenitic (splen-it'-ik). See splenic.

splenitis (splen-i'-tis) [splen-; vtk, inflammation].
Inflammation of the spleen, s., spodogenous, that
due to accumulation of waste-matter.

splenitive (splen' -it-iv). Capable of acting upon
the spleen.

splenium (sple'-ne-um) [air\rivLov, a bandage].
1. A bandage. 2. The rounded posterior extremity
of the corpus callosum.

splenius (sple'-ne-us) [splenium]. Shaped like a
splenium, as the splenius muscle or simply splenius.
See under muscle.

splenization (splen-i-za'-shun) [spleen]. The change
in an organ, especially the lung, produced by con-
gestion, whereby it comes to resemble the tissue of
the spleen.

spleno- (splen-o-) [inrh-qv, spleen]. A prefix de-
noting pertaining to the spleen.

splenoblast (splen' -o-blast) [spleno-; /3Xa<rr6s , a
germ]. A ceil from which a splenocyte is derived.

splenocele (splen' -o-s el) [spleno-; ktjXtj, hernia].
1. Hernia of the spleen. 2. A tumor of the spleen.

splenocleisis (splen-o-kli'-sis) [spleno-; /cXeleip, to
shut in]. Causing the production of new fibrous
tissue on the spleen, as by friction with gauze.

splenocolic (splen-o-kol'-ik) [spleno-; koKov, colon].
Pertaining to the spleen and the colon.

splenocyte (splen' -o-sit) [spleno-; kvtos, a cell].
The cell peculiar to splenic tissue.

splenodynia (splen-o-din'-e-ah) [spleno-; bdvvrj,
pain]. Pain in the spleen.

splenography (splen-og'-ra-fe) [spleno-; ypafaiv,
to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the spleen.

splenohemia, splenohasmia (splen-o-he' -me-ah)
spleno-; alua, the blood]. Congestion of the spleen.
Hyperemia of the spleen.

splenohepatomegaly (splen-o-hep-at-o-meg'-al-e)
[spleno-; i\-wap, liver; pkyas, great]. Enlargement of
the liver and spleen.

splenoid (splen' -oid) [spleno-; eUos, resemblance].
Resembling the spleen.

splenokeratosis (splen-o-ker-at-o'-sis) [spleno- ;
icepas, horn]. Splenic induration.

splenolaparotomy (splen-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) . See
laparosplenotomy.

splenology (splen-ol'-o-je) [spleno-; \6yos, science].
The sum of what is known of the splenic structure,
function, and diseases.

splenolymph (splen' -o-limf) . Intermediate in
character between the spleen and a lymph-gland.
See glands, splenolymph.

splenolymphatic (splen-o-lim-fat'-ik). Relating to
the spleen and the lymph-glands.

splenolymphoma (splen-o-lim-fo'-mah) . See splen-
adenoma.

splenolysin (splen-oV -is-in) [spleno-; lysin]. An
antibody destructive to splenic tissue or cells.

splenoma (splen-o' -man) [spleno-; d/ia, tumor].
Tumor of the spleen.

splenomalacia (splen-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [spleno-; fia\-
aKla, softness]. Softening of the spleen.

splenomedullary (splen-o-med'-ul-a-re). Relating
to the spleen and the marrow of bones.

splenomegalia, splenomegaly (splen-o-meg-a'-le-ah,
splen-o-meg'-al-e) [spleno-; neyas, large]. Enlarge-
ment of the spleen, especially simple enlargement of
the spleen without leukemia; by some it is considered
merely as Hodgkin's disease of splenic type, s.,
tropical, kala azar.

splenomyelogenous (splen-o-mi-el-oj'-en-us) . Re-
ferring to the spleen and bone marrow; spleno-
medullary.

splenoncus (splen-ong'-kus). See splenoma.

splenoparectama, splenoparectasis (splen-o-par-ek'-
ta-mah, splen-o-par-ek'-ta-sis) [spleno-; eKraais, dis-
tention]. Enlargement of the spleen.

SPLENOPATHIA

826

SPONGE

splenopathia (splen-o-path'-e-ah) . See splenopathy.
s. leukocytheemica, splenic leukemia.

splenopathy (splen-op'-ath-e) [spleno-; toBos, suffer-
ing]. Any disease of the spleen.

splenopexia, splenopexis, splenopexy (splen-o-peks'-
e-ah, splen' -o-peks-is, splen' -o-peks-e) [spleno-; 7nj£is,
a fixing in]. Fixation of a wandering spleen to the
abdominal wall by means of sutures.

splenophlegmone (splen-of-fleg'-mon-e) [spleno- ;
<f>\eyfjLovri, inflammation]. Phlegmonous inflamma-
tion of the spleen.

splenophrenic (splen-o-fren'-ik) [spleno-; tppijv,
diaphragm]. Pertaining to the spleen and the dia-
phragm.

splenophthisis (splen-off'-this-is) [spleno-; <pBi<ns,
wasting]. Atrophy of the spleen.

splenopneumonia (splen-o-nu-mo'-ne-ah) [spleno- ;
pneumonia]. Pneumonia with splenization of the
lung.

splenoptosis (splen-op-to'-sis) [spleno-; vtuxtls, a
falling]. Downward displacement of the spleen.

splenorrhagia \splen-or-a' -je-ah) [spleno-; p-qyvwai,
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the spleen.

splenorrhaphy (splen-or'-af-e) [spleno-; pa<prj, su-
ture]. Suture of the spleen.

splenoscirrhus (splen-o-skir'-us) [spleno-; atdppos,
hardness]. Cancer of the spleen.

splenotomy {splen-ot'-o-me) [spleno-; renvew, to
cut], i. The operation of incising the spleen.
2. Dissection of the spleen.

splenotyphoid (splen-o-ti'-foid) [spleno-; typhoid].
Typhoid fever with splenic complication.

splenule (splen' -ul) . An accessory or rudimentary
spleen.

splenunculus (splen-ung'-ku-lus). Accessory

spleen; lienunculus.

splint [Swedish, splint, a kind of spike]. A piece
of wood, metal, or other material for keeping the
ends of a fractured bone or other movable parts in a
state of rest, s., anchor, a splint used for fracture
of the jaw. Metal loops fit over the teeth, and are
held in contact by a rod and nut. s. bandage, an
immovable bandage, s. Bavarian, coarse flannel
is cut to fit the part, and stitched over the limb. A
thick paste of plaster of Paris is rubbed upon the
cloth to secure immobility, s. bone, the fibula.
s.-box. See fracture-box. s., bracketed, a splint
consisting of two pieces of wood or metal joined by
brackets, s., interdental, an appliance used in the
treatment of fractured jaws, s., poroplastic, a
splint which can be softened with hot water and
molded upon the limb, to harden and retain the
shape when dried.

splintage (splint' -aj). The application of splints.

splinter (splin'-ter) [ME., splinteren, to split].
See sequestrum. Applied, also, popularly to a bit of
wood or other material that pierces the skin, s.-
bone. i. The fibula. 2. A term applied to one of
the two small bones extending from the knee to the
fetlock of the horse, behind the shank-bone.

split. A longitudinal fissure, s. cloth, a bandage
for the head with six or eight tails attached to a
central part. s. pelvis, congenital non-union of the
bones of the pubes at the symphysis.

spodiomyelitis (spo-de-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [airoSios, gray;
HveXos, marrow; ins, inflammation]. An acute in-
flammation in the anterior cornua of the spinal cord,
in which the larger multipolar ganglion-cells are
destroyed. Poliomyelitis.

spodium (spo'-de-um) [o-iroSos, ashes]. An old
term for animal charcoal.

spodogenous (spo-doj' -en-us) [awoSfc, ashes; yevvav,
to produce]. Pertaining to or produced by waste-
material, as spodogenous enlargement of the spleen,
a swelling of the spleen produced by the accumulation
of the detritus of red corpuscles.

spodophagous (spo-dof-ag-us) [o-tto86s, ashes;
^ayelv, to eat]. Destroying the waste-material of
the body.

spodophorous (spo-dof'-or-us) [<nro56s, ashes; <j>kpeiv,
to bear]. Carrying or conveying waste-material.

Spoendel's foramen. A small opening in the
cartilaginous base of the skull between the ethmoid
and the lesser wings of the sphenoid and the anterior
ethmoid.

spokebone (spok'-bon). See radius.

spoke-shave (spok'-shav). A ring-knife, devised
by Carmalt Jones, for use in operations on the nasal
cavities.

spondyl-, spondylo- (spon-dil-, spon-dil-o-) [o-w6v-

5v\os, vertebra]. A prefix, denoting pertaining to a
vertebra.

spondylalgia (spon-dil-al'-je-ah) [spondyl-; &\yos,
pain]. Pain referred to a vertebra.

spondylarthritis (spon-dil-ar-thri'-tis) [spondyl-;
apdpov, joint; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
vertebral articulation, s. synovialis, inflammation
of the synovial membranes of the articular process of
the vertebra? (Huter).

spondylarthrocace (spon-dil-ar-throk'-as-e) [spon-
dyl-; apdpov, joint; icani), evil]. Caries of a vertebra.

spondyle (spon'-dil) [o-irovdvXos, a vertebra]. A
vertebra.

spondylarthrosis (spon-dil-eks-ar-thro'-sis) [spon-
dyl- ; 0-, out; apdpov, joint]. Dislocation-of a vertebra.

spondylitic (spon-dil-it'-ik). Relating to spondyl-
itis. ,

spondylitis (spon-dil-i'-tis) [spondyl-; vrvs, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of one or more vertebrae;
Pott's disease, s. cervicalis, arthritis of one or more
cervical vertebrae, s. deformans, chronic inflam-
mation of the vertebrae, of a gouty or rheumatic
nature, terminating in ankylosis and deformity.
s. tuberculosa, tuberculous spondylitis; Pott's disease.

spondylizema (spon-dil-i-ze'-mah) [spondyle; t^vp-a-
a subsiding]. The settling of a vertebra into the
place of a subjacent one that has been destroyed.

spondylocace (spon-dil-ok'-as-e). See spondylar-
throcace.

spondylodidymia (spon-dil-o-did-im'-e-ah) [spon-
dyle; 5l5vp.os, twin]. A form of somatodymia in
which the union is in the vertebrae. Syn., verte-
bradymia.

spondylodymus (spon-dil-od'-im-us) [spondyle ;
bvetv, to enter]. A twin monster united by the
vertebrae.

spondylodynia (spon-dil-o-din'-e-ah) [spondyle;
oSvvr), pain]. Pain in a vertebra.

spondylolisthesis (spon-dil-o-lis-the'-sis) [spondyle;
6hL<r0r)o-i.s, a slipping]. Deformity of the spinal
column produced by the gliding forward of the
lumbar vertebrae in such a manner that they over-
hang the brim and obstruct the inlet of the pelvis;
especially the separation of the last lumbar vertebra
from, and its slipping forward on, the sacrum.

spondylolisthetic (spon-dil-o-lis-thet'-ik). Pertain-
ing to or caused by spondylolisthesis.

spondylolizema (spon-dil-o-liz-e'-mah). Same as
spondylizema.

spondylo myelitis (spon-dil-o-mi-el-i'-tis). See spon-
dylitis.

spondylopathia (spbn-dil-o-pa'-the-ah). See spon-
dylopathy.

spondylopathy (spon-dil-op' -ath-e) [spondyle; ir6ffost
a suffering]. Any disease of the vertebrae.

spondylopyosis (spon-dil-o-pi'-o-sis) [spondyle;
irvov, pus]. Suppurative inflammation of one or
more vertebrae.

spondyloptosis (spon-dil-op-to'-sis). See spondylo-
listhesis.

spondyloschisis (spon-dil-os' -kis-is) . Deficient ossi-
fication in the arch of the fifth lumbar vertebra;
this is said to be one of the causes of spondylolisthesis.
The condition may affect one or both sides of the
vertebrae.

spondylosis (spon-dil-o' -sis) [spondyle]. Vertebral
ankylosis, s., rhizomelic, spondylose rhizomelique;
Marie's term for a variety of arthritis deformans with
ankylosis of the vertebrae and arthritis of the hips
and shoulders.

spondylotherapy (spon-dil-o-ther'-ap-e). Spinal
therapeutics; the treatment of diseased conditions
by various manipulations applied to the spinal
column.

spondylotomy (spon-dil-ot'-o-me) [spondyle; tow,
section]. Section of a vertebra in embryotomy;
section of a vertebra in correcting a deformity. Cf.
rhachiotomy.

spondyl ous (spon'-dil-us) [spondyle]. Vertebral;
like a vertebra.

spondylus (spon'-dil-us) [spondyle]. A vertebra.

sponge (spunj) [o-wbyyos, a sponge]. A marine
animal of the class Porifera, having a porous, horny
skeleton; also the skeleton itself, used as an ab-
sorbent, s.-bath, the application of water to the
surface of the body by means of a sponge, s., burnt,
sponge-charcoal made from fine sponges cleansed and
burned, then powdered and sifted through a No. 100
silk sieve, s., compressed, a fine sponge cleansed, ex-
posed to pressure, and dried, s.-gatherer's disease,

SPONGEWORK

827

SPOROPLASM

a disease of divers due to^a- secretion of a species
of Actinia found in waters where sponges grow.
This viscid excretion causes at the point of contact
upon the body a swelling and intense itching, fol-
lowed by a papule surrounded by a zone of redness
which later becomes black and gangrenous and forms
a deep ulcer, s.-graft. See graft, sponge-, s. holder,
an instrument consisting of a rod which serves as a
handle, furnished at the distal end with a device for
clasping a sponge, s. prepared, a sponge rendered
soft and elastic and suitable for surgical uses by
soaking in cold water and separation of calcareous
matter, s.-tent. See tent, sponge-, s. test, a hot
sponge is passed up and down the spine; in the pres-
ence of caries, pain is felt as the sponge passes over
the seat of the lesion.

spongework (spunj-werk) . Synonym of spongio-
plasm.

spongia (spun'-je-ah). See sponge. s. cerata.
See sponge, waxed, s. compressa. See sponge,
compressed, s. fiuviatilis, small sponges found on
stones and on water-plants in streams, ponds, and
marshy places, s. lacustris, a Russian variety used
by homeopaths in the preparation of a tincture.
s. officinalis, s. prseparata. See sponge, compressed,
and s., prepared, s. usitatissima, sponges with fine
pores cleansed and pressed, s. usta. See sponge,
burnt.

spongiform (spun'-je-form) [sponge; forma, a form].
Resembling a sponge.

spongin (spun'-jin) [sponge]. The horny sub-
stance forming the skeletal fibers of the sponge.

spongioblast (spun'-je-o-blast) [sponge; pXaaros,
a germ]. A variety of cell derived from the ectoderm
of the embryonic neural tube, and forming later
the neuroglia, s. of inner molecular layer of retina.
See cells, amacrine.

spongiocyte (spun'-je-o-slt) [sponge; kvtos, a cell].
Fish's term for the glia or neuroglia cell.

spongioid (spun'-je-oid) [sponge; elSos, resemblance].
Spongiform.

spongiopilin (spun-je-o-pi'-lin) [sponge; irXXos, felt].
Felted or woven cloth into which tufts of sponge are
incorporated and one side of which is coated with
rubber; it is used as a poultice.

spongioplasm (spun'-je-o-plazm) [sponge; irXaaaeiv,
to mold]. The fine, elastic protoplasmic threads
forming the reticulum of cells.

spongiose (spun'-je-os) [airoyyos, sponge]. Full of
pores, like a sponge.

spongiositis (spun-je-o-si'-tis). Inflammation of
the corpus spongiosum.

spongy (spun'-je) [airoyyos, sponge]. Having the
texture of sponge; very porous, s. body, the corpus
spongiosum, s. bones, bones having a porous,
reticulated structure, especially the turbinated bones
of the nose, and the sphenoid and ethmoid bones,
s. portion of the urethra, that contained in the corpus
spongiosum of the penis.

spontaneous (spon-la'-ne-us) [spons, will]. Volun-
tary; occurring without extraneous impulse; auto-
matic.

spoon. An instrument consisting of an oval or
circular bowl fixed to a handle; it is used in surgery
to scrape away dead tissue, granulations, etc. s.-
nail, a nail with a concave outer surface.

spoonful. A spoon is full when the contained liquid
comes up to but does not show a curve above the
upper edge or rim of the bowl. A teaspoonful equals
5 Cc; a dessertspoonful, 10 Cc; a tablespoonful,
15 Cc.

spora (spo'-rah) [L.]. See spore.

sporadic (spor-ad'-ik) [o-n-opaScKos, scattered]. Scat-
tered; occurring in an isolated manner, s. cholera,
cholera morbus.

sporadoneure (spor-ad'-o-nur) [ffwopas, scattered;
vevpov, a nerve]. An isolated nerve-cell.

sporangia (spor-an'-je-ah). Plural of sporangium.

sporangial {spor-an'-je-al). Relating to a spor-
angium.

sporangium {spor-an'-je-um) [spore; kyyelov, a
vessel; pi., sporangia]. In biology, a capsule pro-
ducing or inclosing spores.

sporation (spor-a'-shun) [avopos, seed]. See sporu-
lation.

spore (spor) [oirbpos, seed], i. A reproductive
body of a cryptogam. 2. Any germ or reproductive
element less organized than a true cell; also any
spermatic or ovulary cell, s.-capsule, a spore-case.
s.-case, the sporangium or covering of a spore.

s.-cell, a spore, s., compound, a spore that produced
secondary spores, s., daughter, a spore produced
in a mother-cell, s.-formation, the origination of
spores, s.-group. Same as sporidesm. s., inactive,
a non-motile fertile cell, s., mother-, a mother-cell.
s., naked, a gymnospore. s.-plasm, the protoplasm
of a sporangium, s., primary, a spore the germina-
tion of which produces a prothallium; a protospore.
s.-sac, the sac lining the cavity of the sporangium of
mosses; see sporangium, s., secondary, a merispore;
cf. s. compound, s., swarm, a spore endowed with
the power of locomotion.

sporicidal (spor-is'-i-dal) [spore; ccedere, to kill].
Destructive to spores.

sporicide (spor'-e-sid) [spore; ccedere, to kill].
Any agent which destroys spores.

sporidesm (spor'-id-ezm) [spore; dkanv, a bundle].
In biology, a septate or compound spore.

sporidium (spor-id'-e-um) [spore; Idiov, a dim.;
pi., sporidia]. i. In biology, a spore borne upon a
promycelium. 2. A provisional genus of Sporozoa.
S. vaccinale, Funck, a species of sporozoa occurring
as: (i) small, spheric, highly refractive bodies
(2-10 ft), of green color and slow movement; (2) small
refracting spheres inclosed in capsules; (3) morula
masses or spore-casts. They can be cultivated and
the culture produces typical vaccinia when inoculated
in calves.

sporiferous (spor-if'-er-us) [spore; ferre, to bear].
Spore-bearing.

sporification (spor-if-ik-a'-shun). The formation
of spores.

sporiparous (spor-ip'-ar-us) [spore; par ere, to
produce]. In biology, reproducing by means of
spores.

sporo- (spor-o-) [spore], A prefix meaning relating
to a spore or seed.

sporoblast (spor'-o-blast) [sporo-; /3Xa<rr6j, a germ].
One of the four round bodies produced by the pro-
cess of endogenous cell-formation in a coccidium.

sporocyst (spor'-o-sist) [sporo-; wans, a bag].

1. The mother-cell of a spore. 2. That stage of a
sporozoon resulting from the development of a sporo-
blast and in its turn giving rise to two sporozoites.

sporocyte (spor'-o-slt) [spore; kvtos, a hollow].
In biology, the mother-cell of a spore; a sporocyst.

sporoderm (spor'-o-derm) [spore; Sepfta, skin].
In biology, the coat of a spore, including exospore and
endospore.

sporoduct (spor'-o-dukt) [spore; ducere, to lead].
A passage through which spores are conducted.

sporogenesis {spor-o- j en' -es-is) [sporo-; ykv&ris,
generation]. The development of spores; repro-
duction by spores.

sporogenous (spor-oj'-en-us) [spore; yevrjs, pro-
ducing]. In biology, spore-producing.

sporogeny (spor-oj'-en-e). Same as sporogenesis,
q. v.

sporogone (spor'-o-gon). Same as sporogonium.

sporogonium (spor-o-go'-ne-um) [spore; ybvt\, gen-
eration; pi., sporogonia]. In biology, the nonsexual
generation of a moss, proceeding from the fertilized
oosphore; also called sporogone.

sporogony (spor-og'-o-ne). 1. See sporogenesis.

2. A form of exogenous sporulation; an oocyst con-
taining a sporont divides into four sporoblasts, which
ripen into sporocysts and in turn divide into a cres-
centic nucleated body, the sporozoite. It occurs
among coccidia. Cf. schizogony.

sporont (spor'-ont) [sporo-; &v, being]. 1. In
biology a gregarine without an epimerite, as dis-
tinguished from a cephalont. 2. Schaudinn's term
for the single-celled contents of the coccidial oocyst.
Cf. schizont.

sporophore (spor'-o-for) [sporo-; <pepeiv, to bear].
That portion of a fungus bearing the spores.

sporophyl, sporophyll, sporophyllum (spor'-o-fil,
spor-o-fil'-um) [spore; 4>b\\ov, leaf]. In biology, the
modified leaf which bears the spores, or receptacles
holding the spores, in many of the vascular crypto-
gams ; the fertile leaf.

sporophyte (spor'-o-fit) [spore; <pvr6v, plant].
In biology, the nonsexual generation of one of the
vascular cryptogams and higher cellular cryptogams.
It is often of great size and extended length of life,
and is that which is commonly known as the fern,
clubmoss, etc. On it are produced, without any
process of fertilization, the spores.

sporoplasm (spor'-o-plazm) [sporo-; ir\ao-crei.i>, to
form]. The cytoplasm of the asexual reproductive cell.

SPOROTHECA

828

SPUTUM

sporotheca (spor-o-the'-kah) [sporo-; 9tikv, a case].
i. See sporangium. 2. The envelope of the sporu-
lating cell.

sporothrix. See sporotrichum.

sporotrichosis {spor-o-trik-o' -sis) . Infection by
sporothrix, producing indolent subcutaneous ab-
scesses.

Sporotrichum {spo-rot' -rik-um) [spore; 0pi£, hair].
A genus of fungi, some of whose members such as
5. beurmanni and 5. schenkii give rise to sporo-
trichosis.

Sporozoa (spor-o-zo'-ah) [sporo-; $u>ov, an animal].
A class of parasitic Protozoa subdivided into the
Gregarinidea, parasitic in various worms and arthro-
pods; the Coccididea or oviform psorosperms, para-
sitic in the hepatic and intestinal epithelium of various
mammals, including man; the Sarcosporidia, or tubuli-
form psorosperms, parasitic in the muscles of various
animals; the Myxosporidia, the psorosperms of fishes;
the Microsporidia, the psorosperms of articulates.

sporozoite (spor-o-zo'-it) [see Sporozoa]. The
sickle-shaped, nucleated organism which results
from the division of a sporocyst among the sporozoa.
Syn., germinal rod; zygotoblast; gametoblast.

sporozooid (spor-o-zo'-oid) [spore; zooid, animal-
like]. 1. One of the two "sickle-cells" or "falciform
bodies" produced by every spore of the true coccidia.
2. Any oospore.

sporozoon (spor-o-zo'-on) [see Sporozoa]. In bi-
ology, a member of the sporozoa.

sport. An animal or plant that exhibits decided
variation from the normal type.

sporular {spor'-u-lar). Having the character of a
sporule.

sporulation (spor-u-la'-shun) [spore]. The pro-
duction of spores, s., arthrogenous, the change of
bacteria into resistant forms, which are capable of
germinating again under favorable conditions.

sporule (spor'-ul) [airbpos, seed]. A term applied
to a minute spore; also sometimes to minute granules
within a spore.

sporuliferous (spor-u-lif-er-us) [sporule; ferre, to
bear]. Bearing sporules.

spot [ME.]. See macule, s.s, acoustic. See
macules acusticce under macula, s.s, Bitot's, xerosis
conjunctiva?; silver-gray, shiny, triangular spots on
both sides of the cornea, within the region of the
palpebral aperture, consisting of dried epithelium,
flaky masses, and microorganisms. They are ob-
served in some cases of hemeralopia. s., blind (of
Mariotte), the entrance of the optic nerve where the
rods and the cones are absent, s., blue (of the
integument), a tegumentary spot over the sacral
region characteristic of the Mongolian race; due to
aggregations of long, spindle-shaped, and stellate
cells in the cutis containing pigment. It appears in
the fourth month of fetal life and persists sometimes
to the seventh year, s., corneal, an opacity of the
cornea; leukoma, s.s, cribriform, the perforations
of the fovea hemisphaerica for the passage of the
filaments of the auditory nerve. Syn., macula
cribrosa. s.-disease. See Pebrine. s., embryonic,
the nucleolus of the ovum, s.s, genital, nasal parts
which show increased sensitiveness during men-
struation, s., germinal, s., germ-. See s., embry-
onic, s., hectic, the bright flush on the cheeks of a
person suffering from hectic _ fever, s.s, Koplik's.
See Koplik's spots, s.s, lenticular. See s.s., rose.
s., light (on the membrana tympani), a cone of light
on the anterior and inferior part of the tympanic
membrane, with its apex directed inward, s.,
Mariotte's, the optic disc, s., milk-, a spot found
postmortem on the external surface of the visceral
layer of the pericardium, usually over the right
ventricle; it varies from one-half to one inch in
diameter, and is of common occurrence in persons
who have passed middle life, s., mother's, nevus.
s.s, rose, a red papulous eruption forming spots the
size of a small lentil, effaced by pressure of the
finger and occurring mostly on the abdomen and
loins during the first seven days of typhoid fever.
They are due to inflammation of the papillary layer
of the skin from invasion of typhoid bacilli. Syn.,
typhoid roseola; typhoid spots; Fr., tache rosees lenti-
culaires. Cf. tache bleuatre. s.s, soldiers'. Same
as macula lutea. s., Soemmering's. See macula
lutea. s.s, sun. See lentigo, s.s, typhoid. See s.s,
rose. s. of Wagner, the embryonic spot, s.s,
white, grayish or yellowish-white elevated spots from
the size of a pin-head to that of a one-cent piece, of

varying shape and distinctness of outline, often
occurring on the ventricular surface of the anterior
leaflet of the mitral valve, s., wine-, port-wine mark;
strawberry mark, s., yellow. See macula lutea.

spotted fever. 1. Cerebrospinal fever. 2. Ty-
phus. 3. Tick fever, s. sickness. See pinta dis-
ease.

sprain (spran) [OF., espreindre, from L., exprimere,
to press out]. A wrenching of a joint, producing a
stretching or laceration of the ligaments, s.-fracture,
an injury in which a tendon together with a shell of
bone is torn from its attachment, s., riders', a
sprain of the adductor longus muscle of the thigh,
resulting from a sudden effort on the part of the horse-
man to maintain his seat owing to some unexpected
movement of his horse.

spray (spra) . A liquid blown into minute particles
by a strong current of air. s.-cure, a form of douche
applied by means of a spraying apparatus.

Sprengel's deformity [Otto Gerhard Carl Sprengel,
German surgeon, 1852- ]. Congenital upward
displacement of one scapula.

sprew (sproo). See sprue.

spring [ME.]. The first of the four seasons of the
year; also, a device having resiliency., s. conjunc-
tivitis. See vernal conjunctivitis, s. fever, lassitude.
s.-finger, a condition in which there is an obstruction
to flexion and extension of one or more fingers at a
certain stage of these movements. It is due to
injuries or may result from inflammation of the
tendinous sheaths, s.-halt, an involuntary con-
vulsive movement of the muscles 6f either hind leg in
the horse, by which the leg is suddenly and unduly
raised from the ground and lowered again with
unnatural force, s.-knee, a condition of the knee
similar in general features to the condition known as
spring-finger. Just before full extension of the joint
is reached there is a slight hitch, and then the limb
straightens itself with a sharp, rather painful jerk.
s.-ligament, the inferior calcaneoscaphoid ligament
of the sole of the foot, s.-nail, a hangnail, s.
ophthalmia. See vernal conjunctivitis, s.-worm.
See oxyuris vermicularis.

sprue. 1. Thrush. 2. The name given by the
Dutch in Java to aphthae tropicae (q. v.); a chronic
catarrhal inflammation of the entire alimentary
tract, especially prevalent in Malaya. Syn., Ceylon
sore mouth; diarrhcea alba; sprouw; tropical sprue.

sprung knee. In the horse an alteration in the
direction and articulation of the bones which form the
various carpal joints, so that instead of forming a
vertical line from the distal end of the forearm to
the cannon-bone, the knee (wrist) is more or less
bent forward.

spud [Dan., spyd, a spear]. 1. An instrument
used in the detachment of the mucosa in flaps in
operations necessitating the removal of bone. 2. A
short flattened blade used to dislodge a foreign
substance.

spunk (spungk). Surgeon's agaric saturated with
potassium nitrate. See under agaric.

spur (sper) [ME., spure]. 1. A sharp point or
projection. 2. The angle made by any branch with
the main blood-vessel. 3- In biology, a pointed,
spine-like outgrowth, either of the integument or a
projecting appendage. 4. Ergot, s.-blind, myopic.
s.-gall, a callous and hairless place on the side of a
horse, caused by the use of a spur. s. of the septum,
an outgrowth of the nasal septum.

spurge (sperj) [ME., sporgeon, spurge]. A general
name for plants of the genus Euphorbia.

spurious (spu'-re-us) [spurius, false]. Not legit-
imate ; bastard, s. labor, see false pains, s. melano-
sis, see miners' phthisis, s. pregnancy, see pseudo-
cyesis.

spurred (sperd) [ME., spure, spur]. Having spurs,
s. rye, see ergot.

sputa (spu'-tah). Plural of sputum, q. v.

sputum (spu'-tum) [spuere, to spit; pi., sputa].
The secretion ejected from the mouth in spitting. It
consists of saliva and mucus from the nasal fossa?
and the fauces. In diseased conditions of the air-
passages or lungs it may be purulent, mucopurulent,
fibrinous, or bloody, s., eeruginous, sputum of a
green color, s., black-pigmented, having a black
color from inhaled particles of carbon, s., cavernous,
nummular sputum, from a pulmonary cavity, s.
coctum, opaque, yellowish or greenish, viscid, gen-
erally partially confluent, through occasionally num-
mulated, sputum of the later stages of acute bron-

SQUALOR

829

STADIUM

chitis. s. crudum, the scanty, viscid expectoration
of the early stages of acute bronchitis, s., egg-yolk,
sputum having a yellow color, s., globular, spher-
ical masses of sputum of the later stages of bronchi-
tis; yellow in color, and consisting of epithelium,
pus-corpuscles, mucus, etc. s., green, bloody sputum
in which oxidation of the hemoglobin has taken place ;
it is seen in pneumonia, s., hailstone, spherical masses
of sputum of the later stages of bronchitis . s., icteric,
sputum tinged green or yellow, due to the presence
of bile pigment; it is observed in icterus, sputa
margaritacea, see s., pearly, s., mucopurulent, small
lumps or pellets in a viscid, mucoserous fluid, seen in
bronchitis, s., nummular, a sputum characterized
by round, coin-like masses; it is seen in pulmonary
tuberculosis, s., pearly, sputum consisting of small
translucent pellets, s., prune-juice, s., rusty, the
typical, dark-colored sputum of the third stage of
pneumonia; the color is due to the admixture of blood.
s. puriforme, sputum having the appearance of pus.
s., rusty, the dark-colored sputum of lobar pneu-
monia, the color of which is due to the admixture of
blood, s. septicemia, see septicemia, sputum, s.
tuberculosum, a purulent or mucopurulent sputum
containing tubercle-bacilli, occurring in pulmonary
tuberculosis and in caseous pneumonia, s., yellow,
sputum having a yellow color, due to the presence of
fungi; the term is also applied to sputum rendered
yellow by oxidation of the contained hemoglobin.

squalor (skwol'-or, or skwa'-lor) [L.]. Filth. Dis-
order and uncleanliness.

squama (skwa'-mah) [L: pi., squama. A scale or
scale-like mass, as the squama of the temporal bone,
s. frontalis, the. vertical portion of the frontal bone.
s. occipitalis, the supraoccipital bone. s. temporalis,
the squamosa.

squamate (skwa'-mdt) [squama, a scale]. Scaly, or
scale-like.

squamo- (skwa-mo-) [squama]. A prefix denoting
relating to the squamous portion of the parietal or
temporal bone.

squamocellular (skwa-mo-seV -u-lar) [squamo- ;
cellula, a small cell]. Flat-celled.

squamoid (skwa'-moid) [squama, scale; elSos, like].
Resembling a squama.

squamomandibular (skwa-mo-man-dib' -u-lar). Re-
lating the squamosa and maxillary bone.

squamomastoid (skwa-mo-mas'-toid) [squamo- ; mas-
toid]. Pertaining to the squamous and mastoid por-
tions of the temporal bone.

squamoparietal (skwa-mo-par-i'-et-al) [squamo- ;
paries, wall]. Pertaining to the squamous portion of
the parietal bone.

squamopetrosal (skwa-mo-pe-tro'-sal) [squamo- ;
Trerpd, rock]. Pertaining to the squamous and pet-
rous portions of the temporal bone.

squamosa, squamosal (skwa-mo' '-sah, skwa-mo' -
sal]. The squamous portion of the temporal or oc-
cipital or frontal bone.

squamosphenoid (skwa-mo-sfe'-noid) [squamo- ;
sphenoid]. Pertaining to the squamous portion of
the temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone.

squamotemporal (skwa-mo-tem'-po-ral) [squamo- ;
temporal]. Pertaining to the squamous portion of
the temporal bone.

squamotympanic (skwa-mo-tim-pan'-ik) [squamo- ;
tympanic]. Pertaining to the squamosal and tym-
panic bones.

squamous (skwa'-mus) [squamosus, scaly], i. Of
the shape of a scale, as the squamous portion of the
temporal bone. 2. Scaly, s. bone, the circular
plate forming the upper anterior portion of the tem-
poral bone. s. suture, the suture between the squam-
ous portion of the temporal bone and the frontal and
parietal bones.

squamozygomatic (skw a-mo-zi- go-mat' -ik) [squa-
mo-; zygomatic]. Pertaining to the squamous and
zygomatic portions of the temporal bone.

square lobe. 1. The lobus quadratus of the liver.
2. A lobe on the upper surface of the cerebellar hemi-
sphere.

squarious, squarrous (skwa'-re-us,skwar'-us) [squar-
rosus, scurfy]. Scurfy.

squarra (skwar'-ah) [iaxa-pa, a scab]. A rough
crust of tinea, s. tondens, alopecia areata.

Squibb's diarrhea mixture [Edward Robinson

Squibb, American manufacturing chemist, 1819-1900].

A mixture containing tincture of opium 25 Cc, tinc-

ure of capsicum 12.5 Cc, spirit of camphor 25 Cc,

chloroform 10 Cc, and alcohol to make 125 Cc. Av-
erage dose 30 minims (2 Cc).

squill (skwil). The bulb of Urginea maritima (U.
S. P.) or Urginea scilla (B. P.), of the order Liliacea.
Squill (scilla, U. S. P., B. P.) contains several bitter
principles, scillitin, scillipicrin, scillitoxin, and scillin,
a carbohydrate sinistrin, and other substances. It
is expectorant, diuretic, and emetocathartic, and is
used in dropsy and in croup. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-
0.13 Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum scilla,
U. S. P.). Dose 2-3 min. (0.13-0.2 Cc). s., oxy-
mel of (oxymel scilla, B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.).
s., pills of, compound (pilula scilla composita, B. P.).
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). s., syrup of (syrupus
scilla, U. S. P., B.'P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). s.,
syrup of, compound (syrupus scilla compositus, U. S.
P.), hive-syrup. Dose 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc).
s., tincture of (tinctura scilla, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose
5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). s., vinegar of (acetum scil-
la, U.S. P., B. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc).

squillitic (skwil-it'-ik). Pertaining to or containing
squill.

squint (skwint). See strabismus.

Squire's catheter [Truman Hoffman Squire, Amer-
ican surgeon, 1823-1889]. A vertebrated catheter.

Squire's sign [G. W. Squires]. A rhythmic dil-
atation and contraction of the pupil in basilar men-
ingitis.

squirting cucumber. See elaterium.

Sr. Chemical symbol of strontium.

S romanum (ro-ma'-num). The sigmoid flexure.

ss. Abbreviation for Latin semis, one-half.

S. S. paste. A paste made of brown sugar changed
to the consistency of condensed milk by the addition
in water of nitrate of silver a 1 to 3,000 solution. It
is applied to septic and sloughing or gangrenous
wounds.

stab-culture, a culture in which the inoculating
point is thrust into a tube of agar, or other suitable
solid culture material; it is used for the propagation
of anaerobic bacteria ; it is also called stick-culture or
thrust-culture.

stabile (sta'-bil) [stabilis, from stare, to stand]. Not
moving; fixed, s. current, an electric current pro-
duced by holding both the electrodes in a fixed po-
sition.

staccato speech. See scanning.

stachydrine (sta-kid'-ren), C7H13NO2. An alkaloid
from the bulb of Stachys palustris, forming colorless
crystals which liquefy on exposure; soluble in water
and alcohol; melt at 2100 C.

Stacke's operation (stah'-keh) [Ludwig Stacke, Ger-
man otologist, 1859- ]. Removal of the posterior
and superior wall of the auditory meatus, so that the
tympanum, attic, antrum and meatus make one
cavity; this affords free exit for pus in suppurative
disease of the middle ear.

stactometer (stak-tom' -et-er) [o-tolktos, a dropping;
ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
drops.

Staderini's nucleus. The nucleus intercalatus, an
aggregation of ganglion-cells situated between the
dorsal nucleus of the pneumogastric and the nucleus
of the hypoglossal nerve.

stadium (sta'-de-um) [L.]. Stage, s. acmes, the
height of a disease, s. amphiboles, see stage amphi-
bolic, s. annihilationis, the convalescent stage, s.
augmenti, the period in which there is increase in the
intensity of the disease, s. caloris, the period during
which there is fever; the hot stage, s. contagii, the
prodromal stage of an infectious disease, s. conval-
escentiae, the period of recovery from disease, s.
decrementi, defervescence of a febrile disease; the
period in which there is a decrease in the severity of
the disease, s. decrustationis, the stage of an exan-
thematous disease in which the lesions form crusts.
s. desquamationis, the period of desquamation in an
exanthematous fever, s. eruptionis, that period of an
exanthematous fever in which the exanthem appears.
s. exsiccationis. See 5. decrustationis. s. floritionis,
the stage of an eruptive disease during which the
exanthem is at its height, s. frigoris, the cold stage
of a fever; see stage, algid, s. incrementi, the stage
of increase of a fever or disease, s. incubationis, see
1 stage, latent, s. maniacale, the last stage of excite-
ment in mania, after which the nervous manifesta-
tions gradually subside, s. nervosum, the paroxys-
mal stage of a disease, s. prodromorum, in eruptive
fevers, the stage prior to the appearance of the erup-
tion, s. staseos, see s. acmes, s. sudoris, the sweat-

STAFF

830

STAIN

ing stage, s. suppurationis, the period in the course
of variola in which suppuration occurs, s. ultimum,
the final stage of a febrile affection.

staff. An instrument for passing into the bladder
through the urethra and used as a guide in oper tions
on the bladder or for stricture.

staff a (staf'-ah). i. The stapes. 2. A figure-of-8
bandage.

Staffordshire knot. See knot.

stage (stdj) [stare, to stand]. 1. A definite period
of a disease characterized by certain symptoms; a
condition in the course of a disease. 2. The hori-
zontal plate projecting from the pillar of a micro-
scope for supporting the slide or object, s., algid, a
condition characterized by subnormal temperature,
feeble, flickering pulse, various nervous symptoms,
etc. It occurs in cholera and other diseases marked
by exhausting intestinal discharges, s., amphibolic,
the stage of a disease intervening between its height
and its decline, s., asphyxial, the preliminary stage
of Asiatic cholera, marked by extreme thirst, mus-
cular cramps, etc., due to loss of water from the blood,
s., cold, the rigor or chill of an attack of a malarial
paroxysm, s., eruptive, that in which an exanthem
makes its appearance, s., expulsive (of labor), the
stage which begins when dilatation of the cervix uteri
is complete and during which the child is expelled
from the uterus. See labor, stages of. s., first (of
labor), that stage in which the molding of the fetal
head and the dilatation of the cervix are effected, s.,
hot, the febrile stage of a malarial paroxysm, s. of
invasion, the period in the course of a disease in which
the system comes under the influence of the morbific
agent, s. of latency, the incubation-period of an
infectious disease, or that period intervening between
the entrance of the virus and the manifestations of
the symptoms to which it gives rise, s., placental
(of labor), the period occupied by the expulsion of the
placenta and fetal membranes, s., preemptive, the
period of an eruptive fever following infection and
prior to the appearance of the eruption, s., pyrogen-
etic, the stage of invasion in febrile diseases. _ s.,
second (of labor), see s., expulsive, s., sweating,
the third or terminal stage of a malarial paroxysm,
during which there is sweating, s., third (of labor),
see s., placental.

staggers (stag'-erz). One of the various forms of
functional and organic disease of the brain and spinal
cord in domestic animals, especially horses and cattle.
Enzootic cerebritis of horses, sheep, etc. s. blind,
staggers due to cerebral disease, s.-bush, Androm-
eda mariana; a plant allied to the mountain laurel,
growing in the seaboard States of North America, s.-
grass, loco, or loco disease, q. v., produced by eating
various so-called loco-weeds, s., mad, s., sleepy,
staggers due to inflammation of the cerebral enve-
lopes, s., stomach, staggers due to cerebral distur-
bance dependent on gastric disorder.

stagnation (stag-na'-shun) [stagnate, to settle]. A
cessation of motion. In pathology, a cessation of
motion in any fluid; stasis.

stagnum chyli. Same as receptaculum chyli.

Stahl's ear [Friedrich Carl Stahl, German physician,
1811-1873]. A congenital deformity of the ear which
consists in a broadening of the helix, the fossa ovalis
and upper part of the scaphoid fossa being covered.

Stahlian (stah'-le-an). An animist, a follower of
the doctrine of George Ernst Stahl, German chemist,

1660-1734-

stain (stan) [from distain, from dis, priv. ; tingere, to
color]. 1. A discoloration. 2. A pigment employed
in microscopy to color the tissues or to produce cer-
tain reactions. The common microscopic stains are
hematoxylin, carmin, osmic acid, and the anilin dyes.
s., intra vitam, one that will act upon living material.
s., inversion, of Rawitz, a process in which under the
influence of a mordant, a basic anilin dye behaves as
a plasma or acid dye. Table of Stains, Reagents,
Reactions, Staining Methods, etc.: Appended
are those most important to students of medicine.
For a full definition of all the stains, etc., in use in
special and general branches, see the Illustrated Dic-
tionary and the Dictionary of New Medical Terms.
acid fuchsin, a diffuse stain, having a special affinity
for axis-cylinders. A solution of 2 Gm. in 40 Cc. of
90% alcohol and 160 Cc. of distilled water is employ-
ed. Wash out in 90% alcohol. Weigert stains sec-
tions of tissue hardened in Mueller's fluid in a satu-
rated aqueous solution of acid fuchsin for from 1 to
24 hours, then rinses them quickly in water, immerses

for a few minutes in a saturated solution of potas-
sium hydroxide, 1 part, alcohol, 10 parts. Wash thor-
oughly to remove the alkali, dehydrate, clear, and
mount. This process differentiates the finer nerve-
fibers in the spinal cord, alcohol, an excellent fixing
medium, suitable for all tissues except those of the
central nervous system and those undergoing fatty
infiltration or degeneration. It is also used to harden
and preserve objects that have been fixed in other
fluids. As a preservative it is not without defects, as
it alters the structure of tissues by continuously de-
hydrating their albuminoids. Toluol, ether, and
xylol are recommended as substitutes (Kultschitzky).
As a fixing agent alcohol is usually employed in grad-
ually increasing strengths, beginning with 50 or 70% .
alcohol, absolute, one of the most penetrating fixing
agents, which has the advantage of preserving the
structure of glands and of nuclei. It should be em-
ployed in large quantities. Hydration may be pre-
vented by suspending in the alcohol strips of gelatin
(Lowrie). After fixation, preserve the object in 90%
alcohol, amyloid reaction (in tissues having under-
gone amyloid degeneration). 1. With iodine: Dilute
Lugol's solution with distilled water until it has the
color of port-wine, and add 25% of glycerol; in this
stain the sections for 3 minutes, wash in water, and
mount in glycerol. The amyloid substance is brown-
red; the remaining tissues are light-yellow. (For
permanent preparations see the method of Langhans
for glycogen.) 2. With iodine-green: Stain for 24
hours in iodine-green (0.5 Gm. dissolved in 150 Cc. of
distilled water) and wash in water. The amyloid
masses are red-violet, the remaining tissues green.
3. With iodine and sulphuric acid : Place sections that
have been treated with Lugol's solution (see Iodine
Reaction in this table) in 1% sulphuric acid. The
brown of the amyloid substance becomes intensified
or it changes to a violet or blue to green color. 4.
With methyl-green: Stain for from 3 to 5 minutes in
1% solution of the dye and wash in distilled water
containing 1% of hydrochloric acid. Amyloid sub-
stance violet, nuclei, green. 5- With methyl-violet:
The process of staining is the same as with methyl-
green. The amyloid is purple-red, the remaining
tissue blue, aniljn oil, an important medium because
of its ability to clear watery objects; it will even clear
aqueous media without the intervention of alco-
hol, which sometimes renders it valuable as a pene-
trating medium prior to paraffin embedding. It is
also used for clearing celloidin sections, anilin
water (Ehrlich), shake up 3 Cc. of anilin oil with 97
Cc. of distilled water and filter. The filtrate should
be clear. Used as a mordant for anilin dyes. It
does not keep well, and should be freshly prepared.
Apathy cement, heat together, in a porcelain capsule,
equal parts of hard paraffin (6o° C. 1400 F.) (melting-
point) and Canada balsam until the mixture assumes
a golden tint and no longer emits vapors of turpen-
tine. On cooling, this forms a firm mass, which for
use is warmed and applied with a glass rod. This
cement is suitable for closing glycerol mounts, bal-
sam-paraffin for cells (Julien) , this substance con-
sists of paraffin saturated with balsam-cement, and
is prepared as follows: Reduce commercial Canada
balsam to a wax-like consistence by slow evaporation
in a shallow tin pan over a low flame. Test by cool-
ing a few drops from time to time. Melt slowly one-
fourth pound of paraffin, with a melting-point above
45° C. (1130 F.) ; add a lump of balsam-cement about
the size of a marble, and then digest at gentle heat,
stirring frequently, for about an hour. The appear-
ance of a slight yellow tinge indicates the saturation
of the paraffin by the balsam. When it is desired to
prepare a cell, the balsam-paraffin is cautiously heated
to the melting point in a shallow porcelain capsule.
These paraffin cells are suitable for dry or liquid
mounts, excepting for the latter when Canada balsam,
dammar, or oils are used as preservatives. The great
advantage of the balsam-paraffin is its chemic in-
difference to the reagents employed in the preserva-
tion mediums. Boston's mixture (for the preserva-
tion of casts in urine), liquor acidi arsenosi (U. S. P.),
1 oz.; salicylic acid, § gr.; glycerol, 2 dr. Dissolve by
warming gently and add "whole tears" of acacia to
saturation. Let the mixture settle, decant the super-
natant liquid, and add a drop of formalin. Place a
drop of urine containing casts on a slide, evaporate
nearly to dryness, add a drop of the perservative, mix
the two with a delicate needle, apply a cover-glass,
and when the mount has hardened, seal with cement.

STAIN

831

STAIN

Bremer's method (for diabetic blood) , fix the films for
6 minutes in the oven at 135° C. (2750 F.). Stain for

3 minutes with 1% solution of methyl-blue or with
the Ehrlich-Biondi mixture. The yellow-green re-
action of the erythrocytes may also be obtained by
using eosin, congo red, or biebrich scarlet in 1% so-
lution. Canada balsam, evaporate the balsam in a
water-bath to dryness, and dissolve in an equal vol-
ume of xylol, benzol, toluol, chloroform, or turpen-
tine. Filter through paper and keep in a "capped"
bottle. If it gets too thick, dilute by adding more of
the solvent employed, carbolfuchsin, fuchsin, 1 Gm. ;
phenol, 5 Gm.; alcohol, 10 Gm.; distilled water, 100
Gm. celloidin, stated to be a preparation of pure
pyroxylin. It is nonexplosive and is soluble in ether
and alcohol. Celloidin should be used in thin (2%)
and in thick (6%) solutions. The object is thorough-
ly dehydrated in absolute alcohol, placed in a mixture
of equal parts of ether and alcohol for from 12 to 24
hours, or longer if the object is large. It is then
placed for 24 hours in a thin solution of celloidin (8
Gm. in 100 Cc. each of alcohol and ether), and trans-
ferred from this to a thick solution of celloidin (8 Gm.
in 50 Cc. each of alcohol and ether). Select a cork or
a piece of soft, dry wood, and dip it in the thick cel-
loidin solution; when dry, place the prepared tissue
upon it and drop the thick celloidin solution upon this
with a pipet until it is embedded in a jelly-like mass.
Blocks or cylinders of glass or vulcanized fiber serve
better than cork, as they sink in the liquids used.
Harden in 00% alcohol, and preserve in 70% alcohol.
When making sections, keep the knife and section
wet with alcohol. Apathy advises previous smearing
of the knife with vaselin, as it cuts better and is pro-
tected from the alcohol. Use bergamot oil to clear.
Sections may be kept in from 60 to 80% alcohol.
Chenzinsky's stain (for blood), concentrated aqueous
solution of methylene-blue and distilled water equal
parts. To this is added an equal quantity of 0.5%
solution of eosin in 60% alcohol. Stain blood-films

4 to s minutes. Red blood-corpuscles stain a rose-
red, nuclei of leukocytes blue, and malarial parasites
blue. Claudius' method (for bacteria), stain in gen-
tian or methyl- violet, after Gram (see Cram's Method
in this table), differentiate in a saturated aqueous
solution of picric acid diluted with an equal volume
of water, decolorize in chloroform, collodion, pre-
pared by dissolving gun-cotton or soluble cotton in
equal parts of 95% alcohol and sulphuric ether; it is
in every way as good as celloidin, and considerably
cheaper. Conn's method (for preserving cultures of
bacteria as museum specimens). Inoculate 2% agar
slants and seal the tubes with paraffin and plaster-of-
paris. In a few days the cultures cease growing and
remain indefinitely unaltered, copper acetate, a
solution of 1 Gm. of copper acetate and 4 Gm. of
mercuric chloride in 250 Cc. of glycerol and 1 Cc. of
glacial acetic acid is used in preserving and mounting
green algae, corrosive sublimate, a most excellent
reagent, generally applicable, useful particularly for
fixing glands and glandular structures. Saturated
aqueous and alcoholic solutions are usually employed.
The tissues turn white when fixed. All the corrosive
sublimate must be washed out in iodine or the sections
will be sprinkled with crystals of the salt. The
hardening is completed in alcohol. Glass, wood, or
platinum should be used in manipulating objects
immersed in this reagent. Sections may be stained
with any of the usual reagents, cover-glass prepar-
ations, such preparations are usually made in exam-
ining blood, sputum, or other fluid or semifluid sub-
stance. In the case of sputum, a tiny mass is placed
on a cover-glass, another is pressed gently down upon
this, and the two glasses are separated by sliding one
over the other, the object being to secure a thin, even
film on each glass. The film may also be spread
with the edge of a cover-glass or with a platinum
spatula. The preparations are then left to dry in air,
or they may be dried by exposing them to a tempera-
ture of 1200 for twenty minutes, or by passing them
quickly thrice through the flame of a spirit-lamp or
Bunsen burner. When dry, they are ready to stain.
To obtain a cover-glass preparation of blood, cleanse
the finger, prick the pad, wipe off the first drop of
blood that exudes, touch the apex of the second drop
with a cover-glass, spread in the manner described,
and dry in air. Craig's method (for obtaining the
flagellated malarial Plasmodium), cleanse the ear or
finger, also the slide and cover-glass, with alcohol.
Make a puncture with a sterile needle and wipe away

the first drops of blood. Gently breathe upon the
slide and take up on it the blood from the summit
of the second drop and immediately apply the cover-
glass. The brief exposure to ah and the moisture
on the slide are said to hasten flagellation, creosote,
the properties of this agent are similar to those of
phenol. Beechwood creosote is a good clearing med-
ium for celloidin sections. Czenzynke's double stain,
concentrated aqueous solution of methylene-blue,
40 Cc; 0.5% solution of eosin in 70% alcohol, 20 Cc;
distilled water, 40 Cc. This is used to stain the blood,
and colors the red corpuscles red, the leukocytes blue;
also for Plasmodium malarial, the gonococcus, and
the influenza bacillus of Pfeiffer and Canon, dahlia-
violet, a nuclear stain, recommended for demonstra-
ting the granules in Ehrlich's mastzellen. Tissues
hardened in alcohol are stained for several hours in a
solution of dahlia-violet 2 Gm., in 90% alcohol 25 Cc.
Wash in alcohol until nearly colorless. Delafield's
hematoxylin, see under Delafield. eau de Labarraque
(sodium hypochlorite) , rub up 20 Gm. of chlorinated
lime in 100 Cc. of distilled water and mix with
40 Gm. of crystallized sodium carbonate dis-
solved in the same quantity of water. Let the
mixture stand for an hour and filter. This is used
in the same way as Javelle water. With the aid
of heat, chitin is dissolved in either of the solu-
tions in a short time (Loos). Chitinous struc-
tures, macerated for 24 hours or more in these sol-
utions diluted with 4 to 6 volumes of water, become
soft and transparent, and permeable to staining fluids,
aqueous or alcoholic. This method is especially ap-
plicable to nematodes and their ova. Ehrlich's acid
hematoxylin, used for staining sections and in the
mass. Dissolve 1 Gm. of hematoxylin in 30 Cc. of
alcohol and add 50 Cc. each of glycerol and water,
alum in excess, and 4 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. Let
the mixture ripen in the light until it acquires a deep-
red color. Objects stained in it should be washed in
undistilled water. Ehrlich's anilin gentian-violet, a
mixture of 5 Cc of a saturated alcoholic solution of
gentian-violet and 100 Cc. of anilin water. Ehrlich-
Biondi-Heidenhain triple stain, to 100 Cc. of a sat-
urated aqueous solution of orange add, with continual
agitation, 20 Cc. of a saturated, aqueous solution of
acid fuchsin and 50 Cc. of a like solution of methyl-
green; dilute with from 60 to 100 volumes of water.
A drop on blotting-paper should form a spot bluish-
green in the center, orange at the periphery; a red
zone outside the orange indicates that the mixture
contains too much fuchsin. From 6 to 24 hours is
required to stain. Wash out in alcohol and clear in
xylol. Chromatic elements are colored blue; cyto-
plasm, violet or orange-red; karyoplasm, the same
but in lighter tones, and all the denser protoplasmic
elements the same, but darker (Gilson). This is by
far the best stain for photomicrography, except for
connective tissue (Lindsay Johnson) . A slightly acid
reaction of the alcohol used for washing out will pro-
duce a relatively strong coloration by the methyl-
green, while that by the fuchsin will be relatively pale;
the opposite result will be obtained if the alcohol con-
tains a trace of alkali.. The addition of very dilute
acetic acid, until the ted rint is markedly intensified,
will restore the energy of the fuchsin, which is likely
to decline after a time (Heidenhain) . Ehrlich's iodine
method, stain the fixed film in a syrupy solution of
gum-arabic containing 1% of Lugol's solution: leuko-
cytes stained brown indicate a suppurative process.
Ehrlich's stains (for the granules of leukocytes). 1.
Acidophilus or eosinophilous mixture: Two parts
each of indulin, aurantia, and eosin; glycerol, 30 parts.
Suitable for staining sections and cover-glass pre-
parations. This is also known as "Mixture C." 2.
"Triacid" mixture: Dissolve — (a) 1 Gm. of orange-
yellow (extra) in 50 Cc. of distilled water; (b) 1 Gm.
of acid fuchsin extra in 50 Cc. of distilled water; (c)
1 Gm. of crystalline methyl-green in 50 Cc. of distilled
water. Let the solutions settle. Then mix n Cc.
of solution a with 10 Cc. of solution b; add 20 Cc.
of distilled water and 10 Cc. of absolute alcohol; to
this mixture add a mixture of 13 Cc. of solution c, 10
Cc. of distilled water, and 3 Cc. of absolute alcohol.
Let the stain stand for one or two weeks before using.
Farrant's solution. See under Farrant. Flemming's
fluid. 1. Chromium trioxide 0.2 Gm.; glacial acetic
acid, 0.1 Cc; water, 100 Cc. This is especially rec-
ommended for fixing the achromatic spindle-fibers in
nuclei. (2) Chromium trioxide (1%), 45 Cc; 2%
osmic acid, 12 Cc; glacial acetic acid, 3 Cc This

STAIN

832

STAIN

fixes small pieces (2-3 mm. thick) in from a few to
24 hours, and is useful for fixing the figures in cell-
division and for many other purposes. A weaker
solution is also used : 1 % osmic and glacial acetic acids,
each, 100 Cc. The second formula is the one gen-
erally known as Flemming's fluid. Fraenkel-Gabbet
method (for tubercle bacilli). See under Gabbet.
Futcher-Lazear method (for the malarial parasite),
fix the film for one minute in a mixture of 10 Cc.
of 95% alcohol and 2 drops of formalin; wash,
dry, and stain for 15 seconds in carbolthionin,
prepared by mixing 20 Cc. of a saturated so-
lution of the dye in 50% alcohol and 100 Cc. of 2%
aqueous solution of phenol, gentian-violet. 1.
(Concentrated alcoholic). Gentian- violet, 25 Gm,;
absolute alcohol, 1.00 Cc. 2. (Aqueous). Gentian-
violet, 1 Gm.; 90% alcohol, 20 Cc; distilled water,
80 Cc. A nuclear stain, prepared by dissolving 0.5
Gm. of the dye in 80 Cc. of distilled water, 20 Cc. of
90% alcohol, and 1 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. Stains
in s minutes. Dissolved in indifferent media it
may be used for staining intra vitam, and in acid so-
lutions colors the nuclei of fresh tissues. It may be
used according to Gram's method, glycerin-jelly,
soak in 150 Cc. of distilled water 25 Gm. of gelatin
for two hours, and add 3 Cc. of phenol and 175 Cc.
of glycerol; heat for 15 minutes and filter through
spun glass. Wrap the cork of the bottle in which the
jelly is preserved in linen dipped in dilute phenol.
For use, melt it in hot water, place a drop on the sec-
tion, upon which gently press a cover-glass, gly-
chemalum, hematein, 0.4 Gm. (rubbed with a few
drops of glycerol until it dissolves); alum, 5 Gm.;
glycerol, 30 Cc; distilled water, 70 Cc. (Mayer).
gold chloride, recommended for tracing nerve-endings
in fresh tissues and for staining connective tissue and
cartilage-cells. Place small pieces of tissue, \ inch
square, in from 0.5 to 1% solution of commercial
gold chloride in distilled water. KeeD in the dark, and
when the tissue has become yellow, wash in distilled
water. Then expose to the light in 50 Cc. of water
containing 2 drops of acetic acid for 48 hours, or until
the tissue acquires a purple tint. Mount in glycerol.
Goldhorn's stain (for blood), preparation of the so-
lution of polychrome methylene-blue. Solution A
(Merck's medicinal methylene-blue : Griibler's methyl-
ene-blue rectified, and methylene-blue — Koch) : Dis-
solve 2 Gm. methylene-blue in 300 Cc. warm water.
Add to this 4 Gm. lithium carbonate, shaking con-
stantly. Heat in an evaporating dish on a water-
bath, the water touching the dish. Stir the solution
occasionally. Remove in is to 20 minutes. Do not
filter. Set aside for several days. Then add dilute
acetic acid (5%) until the solution is only faintly
alkaline. Solution B: A 0.1% aqueous solution of
eosin. Fix blood-films in methyl-alcohol for 15 sec-
onds. Wash in running water. Stain in solution B
for 7 to 30 seconds. Wash. Stain in solution A for
30 seconds to 2 minutes. Wash thoroughly in running
water. Dry by agitating in air, not between filter-
paper. The eosin may be added to the methyl-alco-
hol (enough to make a 0.1% solution); or solution B
may be added to solution A .(1 =4), but this easily
produces a precipitate (the neutral stain). These
give good results. Mixtures of methyl-alcohol, eosin,
and polychrome methylene-blue give poor results.
The depth of the chromatin stain depends on the
length of staining. To stain the chromatin of half-
grown malarial parasites i§ to 2 minutes is necessary
while the chromatin of the hyaline forms stains in 10
seconds. Repeated staining may improve the chro-
matin violet. To do this the blood-film may be
stained with solution B for 5 seconds, with solution A
for 10 seconds. Golgi's method (for the restoration of
overhardened tissue), wash in a half-saturated solu-
tion of copper acetate until it yields no precipitate,
and return for 5 or 6 days to Golgi's mixture (see be-
low). The tissue will then take the silver and the
sections can be mounted in thickened cedar oil under
a cover-glass. Golgi's mixture, potassium dichro-
mate (3.5% solution), 54 Cc; osmic acid (2%), 6 Cc.
gonococcus, the gonococci are seen in the pus-cells
grouped around the nucleus. Watery solutions of
anilin dyes, preferably methylene-blue, stain the cocci
intensely. Gram's method, heat for from 2 to 5
minutes, or stain cold for from 20 to 30 minutes (tu-
bercle bacilli, 12 to 24 hours), in saturated solution
of gentian-violet anilin water; rinse quickly in abso-
lute alcohol; transfer to Gram's solution (1 to i| min-
utes), in which the specimen turns black; wash in

alcohol until the black color vanishes and a pale-gray
color appears; dry and mount in Canada balsam.
The decolorization may be hastened by adding 3%
nitric acid to the alcohol and then washing in pure
alcohol. All the tissue-cells are decolorized by this
method, while the bacteria are stained a deep blue.
The cells may be subsequently stained with a watery
or alcoholic solution of Bismarck brown for from 2 to

5 minutes, then washed in absolute alcohol until the
section is yellowish-brown. This method is of diag-
nostic value, as certain bacteria are stained, others
decolorized, by it. The bacteria that are stained by
Gram's method are: tubercle bacillus; Fraenkel-
Weichselbaum pneumococcus ; Streptococcus pyogenes ;
streptococcus of erysipelas; Staphylococcus pyogenes
aureus, albus, citreus, and flavus; anthrax bacillus;
bacillus of hog erysipelas. The bacteria that are
decolorized by Gram's method are: Typhoid bacillus;
gonococcus; Friedlander's capsule bacillus; Koch's
comma bacillus; glanders bacillus, and the spirillum
of relapsing fever. Botkin advises washing the prep-
aration in plain anilin water before decolorizing in
the iodin solution. Modifications of Gram's Method:
1. Guenther's modification: Transfer from the iodine-
potassium-iodide solution to alcohol, then to a mix-
ture of alcohol, 1 volume, and nitric acid, 3 volumes,
and from this again into alcohol. 2. Nicolle's modi-
fication: Decolorize in a mixture of alcohol, 2 volumes,
and acetone, 1 volume. 3. Ribbert's modification:
Decolorize in alcohol containing 10% of acetic acid.
4. Weigert's modification: The sections, stained with
gentian-violet or methyl-violet, are not transferred
to alcohol from the iodine solution) but are laid upon
slides and covered with anilin oil. This is removed
with blotting-paper, and followed by xylol and xylol-
balsam. The anilin oil dehydrates and differentiates.
Grenacher's alcoholic borax-carmin, dissolve 4 Gm.
of borax in 100 Cc. of distilled water; add 3 Gm. of
carmin, warm, and dilute with 100 Cc. of 70% alcohol.
Filter before using, and transfer the tissue from the
stain directly into alcohol acidulated with from 4 to

6 drops of hydrochloric acid, in which it should
remain until it acquires a bright, transparent appear-
ance. This solution is used for staining in bulk and
gives a splendid color. Gruber and Durham's method
(for the agglutination of typhus and cholera bacilli),
place a drop of immunization serum on a cover-glass
and beside it a drop of equal size of the culture, as
finely divided as possible. Mix and examine on a
slide with a ground cell. In doubtful cases put the
preparation in the oven for from 15 to 30 minutes.
Haffkine's bouillon (for the culture of the bacilli of
bubonic plague), chop 1 kilo of goat's flesh and heat
it at a pressure of 3 atmospheres for 6 hours in dilute
hydrochloric acid. Filter, neutralize, dilute with
water to 3 liters, and sterilize. Haffkine's prophylac-
tic, inoculate a flask containing 3 liters of Haffkine's
bouillon with a pure culture of pest bacilli; when the
stalactite growth develops, shake the flask until the
colony sinks to the bottom, and when the growth
reappears, shake again; when the stalactite culture
forms the third time, heat to 6o° C. (1400 F.) for 3
hours. Decant the clear fluid and preserve in her-
metically sealed tubes. Dose 16-32 min. (1-2 Cc.)
injected beneath the skin. Harris' carboltoluidin,
dissolve 1 or 2 Gm. of toluidin-blue in a saturated
solution of phenol. Before staining treat the sec-
tions with water; stain for from 5 minutes to 24 hours,
wash, and differentiate in glycerol-ether (Griibler)
diluted 15 times with water or in acidulated alcohol;
after from 5 to is minutes wash in alcohol. Eosin
in alcohol may be used as a counterstain. In this
case omit the differentiation and stain for from §' to
2 minutes and wash in alcohol. Harris' hematoxylin,
dissolve 1 Gm. of hematoxylin in 10 Cc. of alcohol
and add to 200 Cc. of a saturated aqueous solution of
alum; heat to boiling and add 0.5 Gm. of mercuric
oxid; when the solution turns a dark purple, remove
from the flame and cool quickly. For use dilute to
the color of port-wine with aqueous solution of alum.
Haug's phloroglucin fluid. One of the most rapid
decalcifying agents, and without injurious action on
the tissue-elements, with the exception of blood. It
is prepared as follows: Warm slowly and carefully
1 Gm. of phoroglucin in 10 Cc. of pure nitric acid,
and to the resulting ruby-colored solution add 50 Cc.
of distilled water. If a larger quantity is desired,
add nitric acid and water to the foregoing proportion
until the volume measures 300 Cc, the limit of the
protective influence of the phloroglucin. Previously

STAIN

833

STAIN

to being brought into this fluid the tissues should be
well fixed. Fetal bones and those of lower vertebrates
are decalcified in half an hour. Older and harder
bones require several hours. When decalcification
is completed, wash in running water for two days.
The sections stain well. Another formula, useful
for teeth when rapid action is necessary, consists of
phloroglucin, i Gm.; nitric acid, 5 Cc; 95% alcohol,
70 Cc; distilled water, 30 Cc. The function of the
phloroglucin is to protect the organic tissue-elements
against the action of the acid. Heidenhain's fluid,
saturate hot 0.5% sodium chloride solution with mer-
curic chloride. Heller's method. 1. For the_ os-
mication of medullated nerve-fibers: Harden the tissue
in Mueller's fluid. Stain the sections in 1% osmic
acid — in the oven for 10 minutes, at room-tempera-
ture for a half-hour; wash in water; reduce in 5%
pyrogallic acid for a half-hour, oxidize in 2.5% potas-
sium permanganate for from 3 to 5 minutes, decolor-
ize in 2% oxalic acid for from 3 to 5 minutes. 2. For
mounting objects for sectioning: Pin a piece of paper
about the cork or block so that it projects and forms
a trough into which the celloidin can be poured
around the object. Harden in the vapor of alcohol
by suspension in a closed cylinder containing a few
centimeters of alcohol, hemosiderin, amorphous yel-
low to black-brown iron-containing fragments occur-
ring in thrombi or hemorrhagic infarcts. In sections
of material hardened in alcohol or formalin, treated
for a few minutes with a 2% aqueous solution of
potassium ferrocyanide and examined in glycerol con-
taining 0.5% of hydrochloric acid, the pigment ap-
pears in the form of dark-blue granules. Hermann's
fluid, a modification of Flemming's fluid. Platinum
chloride is used instead of chromium trioxide; in other
respects the formulas are alike. His' medium (for
the differential culture of the typhoid bacillus). 1. The
tube culture-medium: triturate 5 Gm. of agar, 80
Gm. of gelatin, 5 Gm. of beef-extract, and 5 Gm. of
salt; add a liter of water and enough hydrochloric
acid or soda solution to produce a reaction of 1.5%
of normal acid, using phenolphthalein as the indicator.
Clear with 1 or 2 eggs beaten in 25 Cc. of water; add
10 Gm. of glucose, boil for 25 minutes, and filter
through absorbent cotton. 2. For the plate-culture
use 10 Gm. of agar, 25 Gm. of gelatin, 5 Gm. each of
beef-extract and salt, and 10 Gm. of glucose. The
medium must contain not less than 2% of normal
acid. The typhoid bacillus alone has the power of
clouding these media. Hofbauer's method (for
staining the iodinophil granules of leukocytes) , dry the
film and stain 1 minute in a solution of iodine, 1 part,
potassium iodide, 3 parts, and water, 100 parts,
brought to a syrupy consistence by the addition of
gum-arabic. Remove the excess of the_ stain with
filter-paper to prevent diffuse coloring, iodine-alco-
hol, alcohol, 90%, to which enough tincture of iodine
is added to impart the color of port-wine. See also
Zenker's fluid in this table, iron hematoxylin, sec-
tions are treated with a weak aqueous solution of
ferric acetate, washed in water, and stained in 0.5%
aqueous solution of hematoxylin. A blue-black or
black-brown stain is obtained. This process is rec-
ommended by Butschli for staining sections of pro-
tozoa in thick. Another method is as follows:
Treat sections for from \ hour to 2 or 3 hours with a
1. 5 to 4% solution of ferric ammonium sulphate; wash
in water, and stain for from 1 to 12 hours in an aque-
ous solution of hematoxylin, about 0.5%. Rinse
with water and treat again with the iron solution.
As soon as differentiation is complete, wash for 15
minutes in running water and mount. The results
vary according to the duration of the treatment with
the iron and hematoxylin solutions; short baths give
a blue preparation, in which the nuclear structures
are highly differentiated; prolonged baths give black
preparations, showing connective-tissue fibers and
red blood-corpuscles black, central and polar bodies
intensely black, cytoplasm sometimes colorless, some-
times gray, in which case cell-plates and achromatic
spindle-fibers are stained. Microorganisms are
sharply stained. Jenner's stain (for blood). See
under Jenner. karyokinesis. Place small pieces
of tissue hardened in strong Flemming's so-
lution in an alcoholic solution of safranin (2
Gm. to 60 Cc.) for from 24 to 48 hours. Wash for
a few minutes in water, and carry to acidulated ab-
solute alcohol (10 drops of acetic acid to 100 Cc.) for
from I to 1 minute When thick clouds of color are
no longer given off, carry to absolute alcohol. After
28

1 or 2 minutes clear and mount. Leishman's stain
(for blood). Perparation of the neutral stain. So-
lution A: The solution of polychrome methylene-blue.
A \% aqueous solution of methylene-blue med.
(Grubler) is made alkaline with 0.5% Na2C03. This
is heated for 12 hours at 650 C, and then allowed to
stand for 10 days before use. Solution B: A 0.1%
aqueous solution of eosin (extra BA Grubler). Equal
parts of solutions A and B are mixed in an open vessel
and allowed to stand for 5 or 6 hours, with occasional
stirring. The precipitate formed is collected on a
filter, washed with water, dried, and powdered. The
staining solution: Dissolve 0.1 Gm. of the dry pre-
cipitate in 100 Cc. pure methyl-alcohol (Merck "for
analysis"). To stain: Four drops of the solution are
poured on the blood-film, and allowed to stain for \
minute. Without pouring off the stain, 6 to 8 drops
of distilled water are added and the mixture is allowed
to stain for 5 minutes. Wash gently. Put a few
drops of water on the blood-film for 1 minute. Then
dry and mount. Staining reactions: Red blood-
corpuscles stain pale pink or greenish; lymphocytes:
nuclei, dark ruby red; protoplasm, pale blue; mononu-
clears: nuclei, ruby red; protoplasm, pale blue; poly-
morphonuclear neutrophils: nuclei, ruby red; gran-
ules, red; "coarse-grained eosinophils": nuclei, ruby
red ; granules, purplish black ;blood-platelets stain deep
ruby red; malarial parasites: nuclei, chromatin por-
tion, ruby red; cytoplasm, blue, lithia-water. Sat-
urated aqueous solution of lithium carbonate 1 Cc,
and distilled water 30 Cc, used as an intermediate
agent in staining microorganisms, living cells.
Young larvae of Amphibia are the best objects for the
study of cells intra vitam. Place the larvae of Sala-
mandra in a watch-glassful of water containing 5 to
10 drops of a solution of 1 part curara in 100 parts
each of water and glycerol. From ^ to 1 hour's im-
mersion is required for curarization. It is not neces-
sary to wait until the larvae are motionless : they may
be removed as soon as their movements have become
slow. The gills and the caudal fin may then be
studied. The tail may be excised from the living
animal and studied for some time in 1% salt solution
or other indifferent medium. The adult animal offers
for study the thin, transparent bladder. Larvae may
be bred from adults, if well fed with aquatic worms,
and supplied with a vessel of water. The larvae will
be deposited in the water. The cytoplasm of living
cells may be stained with methylene-blue, dahlia, or
gentian-violet dissolved in water or in an indifferent
liquid. Loeb's method (for producing artificial par-
thenogenesis). Place the unfertilized eggs of sea-
urchins in sea-water containing magnesium chloride
in the proportion of 5000 ( V0- n MgCl) to 5000 Cc.
of water. After 2 hours restore them to normal
sea-water. The eggs from normal gastrulae and
plutei. Loeffler's methylene-blue. Add 30 Cc. of a
concentrated alcoholic methylene-blue solution to 100
Cc. of a solution of caustic potash (0.01 : 100). Filter
before using. Loeffler's stain (for flagella). Mix 10
Cc. of 20% solution of tannin, 5 Cc. of saturated so-
lution of ferrous sulphate, and 1 Cc. of aqueous or al-
coholic solution of fuchsin, methyl-violet, or "Woll-
schwarz." For typhoid bacilli add 1 Cc. of 1% solu-
tion of soda; for Bacillus subtilis add 30 drops; for
bacilli of malignant edema, 36 drops; for cholera
bacilli add 1 drop of sulphuric acid to the soda
solution; for Spirillum rubrum, 9 drops. Mc-
Crorie's method (for flagella). Stain the cover-glass
preparation in warmed mixture of equal parts
of a saturated solution of night blue, a 10% so-
lution of tannin, and a 10% solution of alum. Mal-
lory's method. 1. For neuroglia: Fix for 4 days in
10% formalin, then for 4 days in a saturated solution
of picric acid; after this mordant for 4 days in 5%
solution of ammonium bichromate at 370 C. Stain
the sections for 2 minutes in 1% aqueous solution of
acid fuchsin, rinse, and treat for 2 minutes with 1%
aqueous solution of phosphomolybdic acid; wash in
two changes of water and stain for 2 minutes in a
mixture of water-soluble anilin blue, 0.5 Gm.; orange
G, 2 Gm.; oxalic acid, 2 Gm.; and water, 100 Cc;
wash in water and dehydrate in alcohol. Result : con-
nective tissue, blue; neuroglia, deep red; ganglion-
cells and axis-cylinders, light red. 2. For neuroglia:
Fix the tissues after the method given in No. 1, and
treat the sections for 15 minutes with a 0.5 aqueous
solution of potassium permanganate, and after wash-
ing for the same time with 1% solution of oxalic acid,
wash, and stain in hematoxylin prepared by dis-

STAIN

834

STAIN

solving o.i Gm. of the dye in a little hot water, and
when cool adding water up to 80 Cc, 20 Cc. of 10%
aqueous solution of phosphotungstic acid, and last
0.2% of hydrogen dioxid. Wash in water, dehy-
drate in alcohol, clear in oil of origanum, and mount
in balsam. Nuclei, neuroglia, and fibrin blue; axis-
cylinders and ganglion-cells pale pink; connective
tissue deep pink. 3. For connective tissue: Fix in
Zenker's fluid or sublimate and stain the sections for
2 minutes in 0.1% aqueous solution of acid fuchsin.
For further treatment see No. 1. Result: fibrous
tissue, mucus, amyloid and hyaline substances, blue;
nuclei, cytoplasm, elastin, fibrin, neuroglia, and axis-
cylinders, red; erythrocytes and myelin sheaths, yel-
low. 4. For nuclei and fibrin: Stain sections of tissue
fixed in any medium except formaldehyde for 3 min-
utes in 10% aqueous solution of ferric chloride ; drain
and dry and stain for 3 minutes in a 1% aqueous so-
lution of hematoxylin; wash and differentiate in a
0.25% solution of ferric chloride. Result: nuclei,
dark blue; fibrin, gray to dark blue. In sublimate
preparations the erythrocytes are greenish gray ; con-
nective tissue, pale yellow. 5. For staining Amoeba
coli in tissues: Use alcohol material and treat the
sections for from 5 to 20 minutes with saturated aque-
ous solution of thionin; wash, and differentiate for
from 30 to 60 seconds in 2% aqueous solution of
oxalic acid; wash, dehydrate, clear, and mount in the
usual way. Mallory's phosphomolybdic-acid hem-
atoxylin. Mix 10% solution of phosphomolybdic
acid, 1 part; hematoxylin, 1 part; water, 100 parts;
chloral, from 6 to 10 parts. Expose to sunlight for a
week. Filter before using and save the used portions.
Stain sections for from 10 minutes to an hour; wash
in 40 to 50% alcohol, changing it 2 or 3 times. De-
hydrate and mount. If the solution does not stain
readily, add a little hematoxylin. The stain is blue,
and in its general effect similar to nigrosin. It is
recommended for preparations of the central nervous
system. Mallory- Wright method (for staining tuber-
cle bacilli). Stain lightly in alum-hematoxylin, then
for 2 or 3 minutes in steaming hot carbolf uchsin ; de-
colorize for 30 seconds in acid alcohol. Marchi's
method. Used to demonstrate early degeneration of
nerves, prior to sclerosis. After hardening in Muel-
ler's fluid place the tissue in a large quantity of a mix-
ture of Mueller's fluid, 2 parts; 1% osmicacid, 1 part.
The degenerated fibers are stained black; the normal
are yellow or uncolored. Mayer's carmalum. Take
1 Gm. of carminic acid, 10 Gm. of alum, and 200 Cc.
of distilled water; heat the mixture and filter, adding
an antiseptic to keep it clear. The fluid is light red
in color, shading toward violet, and is said to have
good penetrating powers, even in osmium prepara-
tions, and to be better than alum-carmin for staining
in toto. Mayer's carmalum and indigo-carmin.
Dissolve 0.1 Gm. of indigo-carmin in 50 Cc. of dis-
tilled water or of 5% alum solution; add 1 volume of
indigo-carmin solution to 4 volumes of carmalum.
Mayer's hemalum. An excellent stain for large ob-
jects. It consists of two solutions — one of hematein,
or ammonium hematein, 1 Gm., dissolved by the aid
of heat in 50 Cc. of 90% alcohol; the other of alum
50 Gm. and distilled water 1 liter. The solutions are
mixed, left to cool, and then filtered. A crystal of
thymol may be added to prevent the formation of
mold. For most purposes it is advisable to dilute
this stain with water or alum solution. Hemalum
plus 2 % glacial acetic acid gives a more precise nuclear
stain. Mayer's hemalum and indigo-carmin. Add
1 volume of a 0.05% aqueous solution of indigo-car-
min to 4 volumes of hemalum. Mayer's paracarmin.
Dissolve carminic acid, 1 Gm., aluminium chloride, 0.5
Gm., calcium chloride, 4 Gm., in 100 Cc. of 70% alco-
hol, with or without heat. Filter, after precipitation,
and the solution will have a clear red color. Suitable
for staining bulky objects with large cavities, such as
Salpa. methylene-blue. An important reagent,
which gives a specific stain for lymph-spaces and in-
tercellular cement, closely resembling gold and silver
impregnation, for medullated nerves, and for plasma-
cells. It also stains intra vitam, and is a specific re-
agent for the axis-cylinders of sensory nerves in living
animals (Ehrlich). Small and permeable aquatic
organisms may be stained during life by adding to the
water containing them enough of the dye to give it a
very pale tint. Nerve-tissue may be stained by in-
jecting the dye into the vascular system of a living,
narcotized animal, or by removing the organ and
immersing it in the solution. From 0.5 to 1% so-

lutions in physiological salt solution are employed for
this purpose. The color is not permanent, but may
be fixed by ammonium picrate. Parker fixes the
color by dehydrating in a solution of mercury bi-
chloride, 1 Gm.,inmethylol 5 Cc; washing in a mix-
ture of 2 parts of the methylol and sublimate solu-
tion, 1 part pure methylol, 3 parts xylol. The object
is then placed in xylol for 4 or 5 days, when it is ready
to mount or embed. Mayer's albumin should not
be used to fix sections to the slide, as it discharges the
color. A solution of 0.25 Gm. in 90% alcohol, 20
Cc, and distilled water, 80 Cc, is used for tissue-
staining. A 1% and a saturated alcoholic (15 Gm. to
100 Cc.) solution are used for staining microorgan-
isms, methyl-green. This is chiefly used as a nu-
clear stain for fresh or recently fixed tissues; it is also
a reagent for amyloid degeneration (Heschl), giving a
violet color. Use 0.5 Gm. of methyl-green in 20 Cc.
of 90% alcohol, 80 Cc. of distilled water, and 1 Cc. of
acetic acid. Stain the tissue for 5 minutes, wash in
acidulated water, differentiate in 90% alcohol, and
dehydrate. The nuclein reaction depends on the
presence of acetic acid. Arnold recommends a dilute
solution of methyl-green containing 0.6% sodium
chloride for staining cells and nuclei. Bizzozero has
observed that the elements of blood and pus, also
ciliated epithelium and spermatozoa, do not stain
with methyl-green if the cells are highly alkaline: if
the alkalinity is diminished, they are dyed violet; if
the cells are acid, they are colored green. Carnoy
regards methyl-green as the best stain for nucleoli,
methyl-violet. A good chromatin stain. Dissolve
0.5 Gm. in 200 Cc. of distilled water and 5 Cc of
glacial acetic acid. Stain sections for 20 minutes,
wash in distilled water, and then in equal parts of
glycerol and water. Mount in Farrant's medium.
This is also a reagent for tissues undergoing amyloid
degeneration. The amyloid substance stains pink.

1. (Alcoholic). Methyl-violet, 25 Gm.; absolute al-
cohol, 100 Cc. 2. (Aqueous). Methyl-violet, 1 Gm.;
alcohol, 20 Cc. ; distilled water, 80 Cc. muchematein.
A specific stain for mucin. 1. Pulverize 0.2 Gm. of
hematin with a few drops of glycerol and then add
0.1 Gm. of aluminum chloride, 40 Cc. of glycerol, and
60 Cc. of water. 2. Dissolve 0.2 Gm. of hematin
and 0.1 Gm. of aluminum chloride in 100 Cc of 70%
alcohol. Two drops of nitric acid may be added,
mucicarmin. A specific stain for mucin. Rub 1 Gm. of
carmin in a mortar with 0.5 Gm. of aluminum chloride
and 2 Cc. of distilled water; heat for 2 minutes,
until the light-red color changes to dark; stir and add
a little 50% alcohol; when dissolved, make up to 100
Cc. with 50% alcohol, and after 24 hours filter. For
use dilute tenfold with water or with 50% alcohol.
Mueller's Berlin blue. Precipitate a strong solution
of Berlin blue with 90% alcohol. The fluid is neutral
and the precipitate finely divided. Mueller's fluid.
This agent is very extensively used, as it penetrates
well and hardens evenly. It has the following com-
position: potassium dichromate, 2.5 parts; sodium
suphate, 1 part; water, 100 parts. The addition of a
little camphor, chloral, thymol, or naphthalene will
prevent the formation of mold. The time required
for hardening depends on the size of the object. This
fluid diluted to 0.2% is used as a macerating agent.
Nissl's method (for ganglion-cells). 1. Stain sections
of tissue hardened in 10% formalin or in graded al-
cohols in hot concentrated aqueous fuchsin solution.

2. Stain in hot 0.5% methylene-blue; when cool, trans-
fer to a mixture of anilin (20 parts) and 90% alcohol
(200 parts); then treat with origanum oil, then with
benzine, and mount in solution of colophonium in
benzine. 3- Mount the hardened tissue on cork (with-
out embedding), cut sections and stain them in hot
Nissl's methylene-blue; treat with the anilin-alcohol
mixture, then with cajeput oil, then as in 2. Nissl's
methylene-blue. Methylene-blue (B patent), 3-75
parts; Venice soap, 1.75 parts; distilled water, 1000
parts, nitric acid. An efficacious agent, which causes
no swelling and does not attack the tissue-elements.
It is used in 1 and in 10% solution, the latter for large,
hard bones, the former for young bones. The spec-
imens should previously have been fixed in absolute
alcohol, and the decalcifying fluid changed daily.
They must be removed as soon as decalcification is
complete or they will become discolored. They are
then washed in running water for two hours and
preserved in alcohol, which should be renewed in a
few days. Nocht's stain (for blood). Original meth-
od : Unna's polychrome methylene-blue is neutralized

STAIN

835

STAIN

with dilute acetic acid. Solution A: i Cc. of this
neutralized polychrome methylene-blue is mixed in a
watch-crystal with a saturated aqueous solution of
ordinary methylene-blue until its red color disappears
and the solution becomes blue. Solution B : Dilute 3
or 4 drops of 1% aqueous solution of eosin with 1 or

2 Cc. water. Add solution A drop by drop to solu-
tion B until B is dark blue; a precipitate has then been
formed. In this mixture blood-films are to be stained
for several hours up to 24 hours. Fix films in alco-
hol or by heat. Subsequent modification: Solution
A: The polychrome methylene-blue solution. To a
1% aqueous solution of methylene-blue add 1 or
0.5% Na2C03. Heat at 500 C. to 6o° C. (i22°-i40°
F.) for several days. Solution B: Dilute 2 or 3 drops
of 1% aqueous solution of eosin with 1 or 2 Cc. water.
To solution B add solution A drop by drop until the
mixture is dark blue and has lost its eosin tint. To
stain, float blood-films face down on this mixture for
from 5 to 10 minutes, normal salt solution. Sodium
chloride, 6-7.5 Gm. ; distilled water, 1000 Co Used in
the study of living structures, paraffin infiltration
and embedding. The initial step in this process
consists in the infiltration of the object with a clear-
ing agent; that is, by some substance which is a sol-
vent of paraffin. It is then immersed in melted paraf-
fin until it is thoroughly saturated. The paraffin
should be kept just at the melting-point and should
be renewed if the object is large. The duration of
the bath depends on the size of the object. When
this second step in the process is completed, embed
in paraffin, as in simple embedding. To prevent
crystallization of the paraffin the embedded object
should be quickly cooled, which may be done by float-
ing it in the containing receptacle on cold water.
phenol and xylol. A mixture of 1 part of phenol and

3 parts of xylol is used to clarify celloidin sections,
which may be taken from 70% alcohol, and do not
require further dehydration. A layer of previously
heated copper sulphate in the bottom of the bottle
will keep the mixture free from water, pianese dou-
ble stain. Prepare a saturated solution of nigrosin
in a saturated alcoholic solution of picric acid; mix 2
volumes of this with 1 volume of anilin water and
evaporate in open air. The crystals deposited are
dissolved in absolute alcohol, and from this solution
green crystals are obtained soluble in alcohol, ether,
and water. For tissues, make a 2% solution in al-
cohol; for microorganisms, in water. Stain sections
first in lithium-carmin, treat with acid alcohol, wash,
and immerse in an alcoholic solution of picronigrosin
until they assume a brown hue. Decolorize in oxalic
acid. Nuclei are stained red; plasma, dark-yellow;
cartilage, yellow; connective tissue, pale green; elas-
tic fibers, violet, picric acid. A fixing agent of great
penetration, and, therefore, especially suitable for the
preparation of chitinous structures. A saturated
solution is employed. The time required for fixation
varies from a minute to a day, and depends on the
size of the object. Wash out in alcohol and stain in
alcoholic solutions, picric alcohol. A saturated so-
lution of picric acid in 50% alcohol, picronigrosin.
A solution of 1 Gm. of picric acid in 100 Co of distilled
water with the addition of 1 Gm. of nigrosin. Plehn's
method. 1. For the study of the living malarial para-
site: Place a drop of fluid paraffin on a slide and a drop
on a cover-glass; take up the drop of blood on the lat-
ter and so place it on the slide that the blood is be-
tween the drops of paraffin. Examine on a warm
stage. The addition of a drop of methylene-blue
will stain the living organisms. 2. For malarial films
fixed in absolute alcohol: Stain for 5 minutes in a mix-
ture of concentrated aqueous solution of methylene-
blue, 60 Co, 0.5% solution of eosin in 75% alcohol,
20 Co, distilled water, 20 Co, and 20% potash lye,
12 drops, polychrome methylene-blue. A reddish-
violet dye sometimes present as an impurity in com-
mercial methylene-blue, or that develops in old,
ripened, or alkaline solutions of methylene-blue. It
is used for staining cell-granules. See Unna's Meth-
od, potassium permanganate (Du Pleiss). Useful
for the study of isolated and very contractile cells, as
spermatozoa. It is said to kill more rapidly than any
other agent, 2% osmic acid not excepted. A sat-
urated aqueous solution is used. It is also used for
washing out overstaining with carmin, and in 1% so-
lution as a mordant for anilin dyes (Henneguy) and
for reducing silver impregnations. Rosenberger's
method. 1. For staining blood: Fix the films by heat
or in absolute alcohol or alcohol and ether and stain

in a mixture of 10 Cc. of a saturated aqueous solution
of methylene-blue, 4 Co of a saturated aqueous so-
lution of phloxin, 6 Co of 95% alcohol, and 12 Cc. of
distilled water. 2. For staining the tubercle bacillus:
The essential point in this process is the use of sweet
spirit of niter for bleaching; it is also mixed with al-
coholic solutions of methylene-blue, malachite green,
Bismarck brown, and gentian-violet, safranin. Pfit-
zner's formula: Safranin (Griibler's), 1 part; absolute
alcohol, 100 parts; water, 200 parts. Flemming uses
a concentrated alcoholic solution diluted one-half
with water. Babes' formula: (a) Equal parts of a
concentrated alcoholic and a concentrated aqueous
solution; (b) water, 100 parts; anilin oil, 2 parts; saf-
ranin, in excess. The latter may be used according
to the method of Gram, and is recommended for the
demonstration of mitotic figures. Scheele's green
mass, (a) Mix 80 Co of a saturated solution of potas-
sium arseniate and 50 Cc. of glycerol. (6) Take 40
Cc. of a saturated solution of copper sulphate and 50
Cc. of glycerol. Combine the two solutions with three
volumes of the vehicle, substantive staining. A
histological stain obtained by direct absorption of the
pigment from the solution in which the tissue is im-
mersed. Dyes that combine directly with the sub-
stance acted on are called substantive dyes, sub-
tractive staining. A socalled theory of Heidenhain's,
based on the hypothesis that a general stain satisfies
the affinities of some cell-structures, that hold it in
subsequent treatment with specific dyes, while the
other structures give up the general stain and then
take the specific stain, sudan III. A selective
stain for fat. Prepare a saturated solution in 95%
alcohol, dilute two- thirds with 50% alcohol, and filter.
Stain sections for from 5 to 10 minutes, wash for
about the same time in 60 or 70% alcohol, and
mount in glycerol. Small oil-drops yellow, large
ones orange. For staining the fat-granules in the
elements of tissues undergoing fatty degeneration use
the undiluted stain. The tissue may be fixed in
Mueller's fluid or cut fresh on the freezing microtome.
thionin. The uses and technique are the same as for
methylene-blue. A saturated solution in 50% alco-
hol diluted with 5 volumes of water is used for stain-
ing. Thoma's method {for the numeration of leuko-
cytes). Dilute the blood in the proportion of 1 : 10
with water containing 0.3% anhydrous acetic acid.
This dissolves the colored blood-cells. Unna's hem-
atoxylin. A constant half -ripe stock solution. Hem-
atoxylin, 1. Gm; alum, 10 Gm.; alcohol, 100 Co;
water, 200 Co; sublimed sulphur, 2 Cc. If the sul-
phur is added 2 or 3 days after preparing the hema-
toxylin solution, it will arrest oxidation and the stain
will be ready for use at this stage. The oxidation of
alum-hematoxylin solutions can be instantaneously
accomplished by adding a little neutralized hydro-
gen dioxid. Unna's method. For collagen: 1. Stain
sections of alcohol material for 5 minutes in strong
solution of polychrome methylene-blue, then for 15
minutes in neutral 1% solution of orcein in absolute
alcohol; wash in alcohol; bergamot; balsam. Col-
lagen, dark red; nuclei, blue; granules of mast-cells,
carmin red; cytoplasm of plasma-cells, blue. 2.
Stain sections for 20 seconds in 1% solution of water-
blue (Wasserblau) ; wash and stain for 5 minutes in
neutral aqueous 1% solution of safranin; wash in
water and then treat with absolute alcohol until the
blue color reappears; collagen, sky-blue; nuclei, red;
cytoplasm, violet. 3. For collagen, elastin, and
smooth muscle: Stain with hot orcein for 10 minutes,
wash in dilute alcohol, stain with hematein for 10
minutes, and treat for a few seconds with acid alco-
hol; wash, and place in a 2% solution of acid fuchsin
for 5 minutes, in saturated aqueous solution of picric
acid for 2 minutes, then in saturated alcoholic solu-
tion of picric acid for 2 minutes; absolute alcohol; oil;
balsam. Elastin, brown-red; collagen, red; muscle-
fibers, yellow with gray-violet nuclei. 4. For elastin
and smooth muscle: Stain as in 3, substituting poly-
chrome methylene-blue for hematein and 1% potas-
sium permanganate for the acid alcohol. Elastin,
brown-red; collagen, decolored; muscle-fibers, violet.
5. For smooth muscle: Stain sections for 10 minutes
in polychrome methylene-blue; wash, and fix in 1 %
red prussiate of potash; differentiate in acid alcohol
for 10 minutes; absolute alcohol; oil; balsam. The
collagen is decolored. 6. For keratohyalin: Over-
stain in hematoxylin, treat for 10 seconds with 0.5 %
solution of potassium permanganate, and wash in
alcohol; or place the stained sections in 33 % solution

STAIN

836

STAND.

of iron sulphate for 10 seconds, or in 10 % solution
of iron chloride. 7. For epithelia: Stain sections
for 10 minutes in neutral aqueous 1 % solution of
water blue; wash, and stain for 10 minutes in 1%
solution of orcein. Or overstain sections of alcohol
material in polychrome methylene-blue and differ-
entiate in Unna's glycerol-ether mixture (Griibler);
or in a mixture of alcohol, 10 parts; xylol, 15 parts;
anilin, 25 parts; and transfer to xylol; or in a mixture
of xylol, 30 parts; alcohol, 20 parts; then transfer
to xylol and then to anilin containing alum to satura-
tion (agitated and filtered before using). 8. For
plasma-cells and mast-cells: Apply the methods for
epithelia. 9. For overcoming the decoloration of bacteria
in the process of dehydrating in alcohol: Transfer the sec-
tion from the decolorizing fluid to the slide, remove as
much as possible of the water by means of filter-
paper, and then heat the slide over flame until the
section is dry; when cold, mount in balsam. Wal-
deyer's method {for the fixing and decalcification of
bone). Fix the fresh object in chromium trioxide
(1 : .600) ; decalcify in a mixture of chromium tri-
oxide (1 : 200) 100 Cc. and nitric acid 2 Cc. Wash
thoroughly and harden in alcohol. Weigert's
differentiating fluid. Borax, 2 Gm.; potassium
ferricyanide, 2.5 Gm.; distilled water, 200 Cc. Used
after hematoxylin. Weigert's method. 1. For fibrin:
Make celloidin sections and stain one minute in
Weigert's fibrin stain (5 % solution of gentian-violet,
4.4 Cc; 96 % alcohol, 6 Cc; anilin oil, 1 Cc). Dry
with unsized printing paper and add a drop of Gram's
solution saturated with iodine. Most of the stained
parts are decolorized. Remove the iodine with
printing paper; clear in equal parts of anilin oil and
xylol, renewing it until all the water is removed.
The water gives the section a white appearance.
Dry with filter-paper, wash well with xylol, and
mount in xylol balsam. 2/ For neuroglia: Fix for
8 days in the following mixture: dissolve 2.5 Gm.
chrome alum in 100 Cc. water, by heat, and while
hot add 5 parts each of acetic acid and pulverized
copper acetate, when cold, 10 parts of formalin.
Embed in celloidin. Treat the sections for 10
minutes with 0.3 % solution of potassium permanga-
nate, wash in water, and reduce in the following:
5 parts each of chromogen and formic acid in 100
parts of water, to which, after filtering, add 10 parts
of a 10 % solution of sodium sulphite. After 3 hours
transfer to 5 % chromogen and after 24 hours stain
in the following: saturate hot 75 %, alcohol with
methyl-violet, decant when cold, and to each 100 Cc.
add s Cc. of 5 % aqueous solution of oxalic acid;
differentiate in a saturated solution of iodine in 5 %
solution of potassium iodide ; decolorize in a mixture
of equal volumes of anilin and xylol, wash in xylol,
and mount in balsam. 3. Without decolorizing:
Tissues hardened in Mueller's fluid and alcohol are
embedded in celloidin, and then put into a mixture
of equal parts of a. 10 % solution of sodium-potassium
tartrate and a cold saturated solution of copper
acetate, which is kept at from 380 to 400 C. (86°-
1040 F.). They are next placed in a half-saturated
solution of copper acetate at the same temperature
for 48 hours. The blocks, rinsed in water, may be
kept in 80 % alcohol and cut at any time. The
staining fluid is composed of 1 part of an alcoholic
hematoxylin solution (1 : 10) and 9 parts of a satu-
rated solution of lithium carbonate; this fluid is to
be freshly made. Stain for from 4 to 12 hours;
wash, dehydrate in 90 % alcohol, and clear in anilin
xylol (2:1), then in pure xylol, and mount in xylol
balsam. The advantage of the method is the clear-
ness with which the fine medullated fibers are dis-
tinguished from the cells and other parts, and it
is less tedious than the old method. Wright's stain
(for blood). Preparation of the neutral stain. Solu-
tion A: Make a 0.5 % aqueous solution of the Na-
HCO3, being careful to bring all the salt into solution
before going on to the next step. Then add 1 % of
methylene-blue (Griibler 's methylene-blue, "Bx,"
"Koch," or "Ehrtich's rectified"). Steam this in
an Arnold sterilizer for 1 hour after steam is up.
Cool. Solution B: 0.1 % aqueous solution of eosin
(Griibler, "yellowish, soluble in water"). Add
solution B to solution A until the mixture becomes
purple, a metallic scum forms on the surface, and a
finely granular black precipitate appears in suspen-
sion. (About 500 Cc. of solution B to 100 Cc of
solution A.) Filter off the precipitate. Do not
wash it. Dry. Preparation of the staining solution.

Make a saturated solution of the precipitate in pure
methyl-alcohol (0.3 Gm. in 100 Cc. methyl-alcohol).
Filter, and add an additional 25 % of the original
volume of methyl-alcohol used. This prevents
precipitation of the stain on the film. Cover the
film with the stain for 1 minute. Without pouring
off the stain add water drop by drop until the mixture
is translucent at the edges and a yellowish metallic
scum forms on the surface. Stain in this diluted
stain for 2 to 3 minutes. Wash in distilled water
until the film becomes pink. Dry between filter-
papers. Staining reactions: Lymphocytes: nuclei,
dark purplish-blue; cytoplasm, robin's-egg blue;
large mononuclears: nuclei, blue; cytoplasm, pale
blue; polymorphonuclear neutrophils: nuclei, blue;
granules, reddish-lilac; eosinophils: nuclei, blue;
granules, blue; mastzellen: nuclei, blue to purplish;
granules, dark blue or purple; myelocytes: nuclei,
dark blue or lilac; granules, dark or reddish-lilac;
blood-platelets stain blue or purplish; malarial
parasites: nuclei, chromatin portion, lilac-red to
black; cytoplasm, blue, xylol. Used for paraffin
and celloidin sections. It causes shrinkage if the
sections are not thoroughly dehydrated. Zenker's
fluid. Dissolve 25 Gm. potassium dichromate, 10
Gm. sodium sulphate, and 50 Gm. mercuric chloride
in 1000 Cc. warm distilled water. At the time of
using add to each 20 Cc. 1 Cc. of glacial acetic acid.
Fix the tissue for from 24 to 48 hours; wash for
24 hours in running water. Harden in the dark in
the ascending series of alcohols. For the removal
of the precipitate add to the $0 % alcohol enough
tincture of iodine to impart the color of port-wine,
and repeat the addition daily until the color does not
fade. Preserve in 90 % alcohol. Ziehl-Neelsen
method. Float the cover-glass preparation upon
Ziehl's carbolfuchsin; heat until vapor arises (about
3 to S minutes), wash in water, and decolorize in
15 % nitric or 5 % sulphuric acid, then in 60 to 80 %
alcohol to remove the remnant of color. Wash
well, dry, and mount in balsam. In the case of
tissue-sections, stain cold for 15 minutes and de-
colorize as detailed; upon removal from the alcohol
counterstain with methylene-blue; wash, dehydrate,
clear, and mount.

staining, in vitro method of. A method of study-
ing, under the miscrocope, the diffusion 'into living
cells of dyes contained in agar jelly spread on glass
slides.

staircase (star'-kas) [ME., staire, stair; case].
A continuous series of responses to nerve-stimuli,
varying from a minimal intensity to a maximum
intensity. (Romanes.) See summation.

stairs sign. Difficulty in descending stairs; one
of the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.

stalagmometer (stal-ag-mom'-et-er) [<rTa\ayn6s, a
dropping; tikrrov, a measure]. An instrument for
measuring the size of drops, or the number of drops
in a given volume of liquid. It is used to measure
the surface tension of liquids.

stalagmometry (stal-ag-mom'-et-re) [stalagmometer].
A method of diagnosis based upon the determination
of the relative degree of surface tension or capillarity
possessed by the body-fluids.

stalk (stawk) [ME., stalken]. Any lengthened
support to an organ.

stamen (sta'-men). The pollen-bearing organ of
the flower, when complete consisting of a stalk of
filament and a pollen-sac or anther.

stamina (slam'-in-ah). Natural strength of con-
stitution. Vigor. Inherent force.

staminode (stam' -in- od). Same as staminodium.

staminodium (stam-in-o' -de-um) [o-t-ohuv, a thread;
elSos, form]. In biology, a stamen-like organ; a
rudimentary or aborted stamen; a parastemon. See
lepal.

stammer (stam'-er) [AS., stamur, stammering].
To speak interruptedly or with hesitation.

stammering (stam'-er-ing). Interrupted or hesi-
tating speech, s. bladder. See bladder, stammering.

stamp-licker's tongue. An inflammatory condi-
tion of the mouth occurring in those who moisten
stamps or other labels with the tongue.

stamper (stamp' -er). A name for one affected with
locomotor ataxia, from the stamping gait incident
to it.

stanch (stanch, or stawnch) [ME., staunche, stanch].
To check or stop (a flow) ; as to stanch a hemorrhage
or a wound.

stand. To have an upright posture. Also, a

STANDARD

837

STAPHYLYGROMA

frame or a table to place things upon, s., micro-
scope, the tripod or base of the microscope with the
tube, but without eye-pieces and objectives.

standard (stan'-dard) [extender e, to spread out].
I. An established rule or model. 2. Something
used for comparison, s. candle, a spermaceti candle
used as a standard of light; it burns at the rate of
two grains a minute, s. solution, a solution con-
taining a definite quantity of a reagent.

standardization (stan-dar-diz-a'-shun). Regulation
by a standard; conformity to or use as a standard of
comparison; the bringing of a preparation up to a
definite standard.

standstill (stand' -stil). A state of quiescence
dependent upon suspended action, s., expiratory,
suspension of action at the end of expiration, s.,
inspiratory, a halt in the respiratory cycle at the end
of inspiration when the lungs are filled with air.
The condition can be produced by stimulating the
central end of the cut vagus, s., respiratory, sus-
pended respiration.

stannate (stan'-at). A salt of stannic acid.

stannic (stan'-ik) [stannum]. 1. Pertaining to
stannum, or tin. 2. Containing tin as a tetrad
element, s. acid, EhSnOs. A gelatinous white
precipitate which, on drying, forms a translucent
vitreous mass. It is dibasic, s. chloride, SnCU, a
thin white liquid.

stanniferous (stan-if'-er-us) [stannum; ferre, to
bear]. Yielding or containing tin.

stannite (stan'-it). Tin sulphide; bell-metal.

Stannius' ligature, or experiments (stan'-e-us)
[Herman Friedrich Stannius, German physiologist,
1808-1883]. 1. Separation by a ligature of the
sinus venosus from the remainder of the frog's heart
causes the latter to remain distended in diastole,
while the former continues its rhythmic pulsations.
Mechanical excitation of the auricle or ventricle pro-
duces a single contraction, which is repeated only
when a new stimulus is applied. 2. If a ligature is
placed around the groove dividing the auricles from
the ventricle, there occurs a rhythmic contraction of
the ventricle, while the auricles remain quiescent.

stannous (stan'-us). Containing tin as a bivalent
element.

stannum (stan'-um) [L.]. Tin; see tin. s. cin-
ereum, bismuth, s. glaciale, bismuth, s. indicum,
zinc.

stapedectomy (sta-pe-dek'-to-me) [stapes; Iktoh^,
excision]. Excision of the stapes.

stapedial (sta-pe'-de-al) [stapes]. 1. Shaped like
a stirrup. 2. Relating to the stapes.

stapediotenotomy (sta-pe-di-o-ten-ot'-om-e) [stapes;
tenotomy]. Cutting of the tendon of the stapedius
muscle.

stapediovestibular (sta-pe-de-o-ves-tib'-u-lar)

[stapes; vestibulum, vestibule]. Relating to the
stapes and the vestibule.

stapedius (sta-pe'-de-us) [stapes]. See under
muscle.

stapes (sta'-pez) [L., "a stirrup"]. The stirrup-
shaped bone of the middle ear, articulating with the
incus and the fenestra ovalis.

staphisagria (slaf-is-ag'-re-ah) [ara^ls, a dried
grape; aypuos, wild]. Stavesacre. The staphisagria
of the U. S. P. is the ripe seed of Delphinium staphisag-
ria, of the order Ranunculacece. It contains the
alkaloids delphinine, C28H37NO5, delphinoidine, C42H68-
N2O7, delphisine, C27H46N2O4, and staphisagrine,
C32H33NO5. It has been used locally as an applica-
tion in rheumatism, and as an ointment to destroy
lice and itch-mites, s., fiuidextract of (fluidex-
tr actum staphisagria, U. S. P.). Dose 1 min. (0.06 Co).

staphisagrine (sta-fis-a'-gren) [oralis, dried grape;
&7PIOS, wild]. An amorphous alkaloid obtained from
staphisagria.

staphylagrum, staphylagra (slaf-il-a'-grum, staf-
il-a'-grah) [oTa.<t>v\-q, uvula; ayptlv, to take hold of].
An instrument formerly used to hold the uvula during
amputation of that body.

staphyle (staf'-i-le) [o-tcu/wXi?, a bunch of grapes].
The uvula.

staphyledema (staf-il-e-de'-mah) [staphylo-; edema].
Edema of the uvula. Any morbid enlargement of
the uvula.

staphyleus (staf-il-e'-us) [ara<pv\ri, the uvula].
Pertaining to the uvula.

staphylhematoma, staphylhaematoma (staf-il-hem-
at-o'-ma) [oTa<j>y\-h, uvula; alp.a, blood; 6/xa, tumor].
An extravasation of blood into the uvula.

staphyline (staf'-il-in) [ara<i>v\ri, uvula]. Pertain-
ing to the uvula or to the entire palate, s. glands.
Synonym of palatine glands.

staphylinopharyngeus (staf-il-i-no-far-in'-je-us)

[staphyle; pharynx]. 1. Relating to the palate and
pharynx. 2. The palatopharyngeus. See under
muscle.

staphylinus (staf-il-i'-nus) [staphyle]. 1. Palatal.
2. See s. medius. s. externus, the tensor palati.
s. internus, the levator palati. s. medius, the
azygos uvula? muscle. See under muscle.

staphylion (sta-fil'-e-on) [<TTa<j>v\ri, uvula]. The
middle point of the posterior nasal spine.

staphylitis (staf-il-i'-tis) [staphyle; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the uvula.

staphylo- (staf-il-o-) [WcktjuXt/, uvula]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to the uvula.

staphyloangina (staf-il-o-an'-jin-ah). Walsh's term
for pseudomembranous inflammations of the throat
due to infection by staphylococci.

staphylocausticum (staf-il-o-kaws'-tik-um) [staph-
ylo-; caustic]. A caustic used for application to the
uvula.

staphylococcemia, staphylococcemia (staf-il-o-kok-
se'-me-ah) [staphylococcus; alfia, blood]. A morbid
condition due to the presence of staphylococci in
the blood.

staphylococcia (staf-il-o-kok'-se-ah). General in-
fection with staphylococci.

Staphylococcus (staf-il-o-kok'-us) [<rTa<t>v\ri, grape;
kokkos, berry]. A micrococcus; a genus of Schizo-
mycetes in which the cocci are irregularly clustered
like a bunch of grapes. See Micrococci, table of.

staphylocosis (staf-il-o-ko'-sis). Infection by
staphylococci.

staphylodialysis (staf-il-o-di-al'-is-is) [staphylo-;
5idXu<m, relaxationl. Relaxation of the uvula.

staphylohemia, staphylohaemia (staf-il-o-he'-me-
ah). See staphylococcemia.

staphylolysin (staf-il-ol'-is-in) [staphylococcus; \veip,
to loosen], Neisser and Wechsberg's name for a
hemolysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and
5. albus.

staphyloma (staf-il-o' -mah) [aracpvXcona, a defect
in the eye]. A bulging of the cornea or sclera of the
eye. s. sequatoriale, s. aequatoris, s., equatorial,
staphyloma of the sclera in the equatorial region,
s., annular, one surrounded on all sides by atrophic
choroid, s., anterior. See keratoglobus. s., ciliary,
one in the region of the ciliary body. s. corneae,
a bulging of the cornea due to a thinning of the
membrane with or without previous ulceration.
s., intercalary, one developing in that region of the
sclera which is united with the periphery of the iris,
s., posterior, s. posticum, a backward bulging of the
sclerotic coat at the posterior pole of the eye. s.,
Scarpa's, posterior staphyloma; staphyloma of the
posterior segment of the sclera, s. uveale, thickening
of the iris. Syn., iridoncosis.

staphyloma tic, staphylomatous (staf-il-o-mat'-ik,
staf-il-o' -mat-us) . Pertaining to, of the nature of, or
affected with, staphyloma.

staphylomycosis (staf-il-o-mi-ko'-sis) [staphylococ-
cus; mycosis], A morbid condition due to staphylo-
cocci.

staphyloncus (staf-il-ong'-kus) [ara<j>v\ri, uvula;
67/coj, tumor]. Swelling of the uvula.

staphylopharyngorrhaphy (staf-il-o-far-in-gor'-af-e)
[staphylo-; pharynx; pa<j>-q, a suture]. See PassavanVs
operation.

staphyloplasmin (staf-il-o-plaz'-min) [staphylococ-
cus; plasmin]. Staphylococcus toxin.

staphyloplasty (staf'-il-o-plas-te) [staphylo-; ir\aa-
treiv, to mold]. A plastic operation on the soft palate
or uvula. •

staphyloptosis (staf-il-op-to'-sis) [staphylo-; tttGhtis,
falling]. Abnormal elongation of the uvula.

staphylorrhaphy (staf-il-or' -a-fe) [staphylo-; pacj>r),
suture]. Suture of a cleft soft palate.

staphylostreptococcia (staf-il-o-strep-lo-kok'-se-ah).
Infection by both staphylococci and streptococci.

staphylotome (staf -il-o-tom) [staphylo-; tout), a
cutting]. A cutting instrument used in staphylot-
omy.

staphylotomy (staf'-il-ot-o-me) [staphylo-; tow, a
cutting]. 1. The operation of incising or removing
the uvula. 2. The operation of incising a staphyloma.

staphylotoxin (slaf-il-o-toks'-in). See staphylolysin.

staphylygroma (staf -il-ig-ro' -mah) [<TTa<f>v\r), the
uvula; vypos, wet]. Synonym of staphyledema.

STAPHYSINA

838

STATUS

staphysina (staf-is-i'-nah) [o-tck/us, a dried grape].
A product obtained by Thompson from the seeds of
Delphinium staphisagria.

star [ME., starve]. In biology applied to various
radiate structures, granules, cells, groups of cells,
or organisms, s.-anise. See illicium. s.-cells, en-
dothelial cells of vessels, first described by Kupffer,
and regarded as nervous elements on account of
their shape and thin, elongated processes, but
afterward shown to belong to the endothelial tissues;
they have the power of inclosing various granules.
Syn., Kupffer' s cells, s., daughter-. See diaster.
s. -grass. See aletris. s.s of Verheyn, the star-
shaped figures formed by the stellate veins of the
kidney, beneath the capsule, s.s, Winslow's,
capillary whorls which form the beginning of the
vorticose veins of the choroid. Syn., Stella vascu-
losce winslowii.

starblind [AS., stcerblind]. Half blind; blinking.
starch [AS., stearc, stiff]. A carbohydrate (CeHio-
05)n, widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom,
occurring in peculiar concentrically marked granules
or grains. When heated with water, the granules
swell up, burst, partially dissolve, and form starch
paste. The soluble portion is called granulose, the
insoluble is cellulose. Iodine produces a characteristic
blue coloration with starch. The most important
varieties of starch are: potato-starch, leguminous
starch, wheat-starch (amylum, U. S. P., B. P.),
sago-starch, rice-starch, s., animal. 1. See glyco-
gen. 2. See bodies, amylaceous, s., corn-. See
corn-starch, s.-enema, an enema consisting of
starch-water, s., glycerite of. See amyli, glyceritum,
under amylum. s., iodized, iodide of starch, a dark
powder containing 2 % of iodine; a disinfectant and
internal and external antiseptic. Dose 3-10 gr.
(0.2-0.66 Gra.). s., soluble, a white powder obtained
by heating starch and glycerol and adding strong
alcohol during the cooling; it is used as an emulsifier.
Syn., amylodextrin. s.-water, a mixture of wheat-
starch and water, used chiefly as an emollient
enema.

starter (start'-er) [ME., starten, to start]. A pure
culture of bacteria employed to start some particular
fermentation, as in the ripening of cream.

Startin's bandage {star' -tin). A bandage impreg-
nated with a mixture of paraffin and stearin.

starvation (star-va'-shun) [AS., steorfan, to die].
Deprivation of food; the state produced by depriva-
tion of food.

stasibasiphobia {sta-se-ba-se-fo'-be-ah) [oTa<ns,
standing; /3do-«, a step, walk; <t>6(ios, fear]. A peculiar
fear in consequence of which the act of walking or
of standing becomes impossible.

Stas's process (stahs). See Stas-Otto method.
stasimetry (stas-im'-et-re) [stasis; nerpov, a measure].
Bitot's term for the estimation of the consistence of
soft organic bodies.

stasimorphy (stas'-e-mor-fe) [stasis; nop<t>v, form].
Deviation from the normal from arrest of develop-
ment.

stasiphobia (stas-i-fo'-be-ah) [stasis; <f>6fios, fear].
Fear of standing upright.

stasis (sta'-sis) [o-rd<m, from la-ravai, to stand].
A standstill of the current of any of the fluids of the
body, especially of the blood, s., diffusion, stasis
in which there occurs diffusion of serum or lymph,
s., intestinal, an undue delay in the passage of fecal
material along the intestines, s., venous, stasis due
to venous congestion. '

Stas-Otto method (stahs' -ot'-o) [Jean Servais Stas,
Belgian chemist, 1813-1801]. A method of extracting
the putrefactive alkaloids from tissues. It depends
upon the fact that the salts of the alkaloids are
soluble in water and in alcohol, and generally in-
soluble in ether, and may be removed from alkaline
fluids by agitation with ether. The method is ap-
plied as follows: "Treat the mass with twice its weight
of pure 90 per cent, alcohol, and from 10 to 30 grains
of tartaric or oxalic acid; digest the whole for some
time at about 700 C. and filter. Evaporate the
filtrate at a temperature not exceeding 350 C, either
in a strong current of air or in vacuo over sulphuric
acid. Take up the residue with absolute alcohol,
filter, and evaporate again at a low temperature.
Dissolve the residue in water, alkalinize with sodium
bicarbonate, and agitate with ether. After separa-
tion, remove the ether and allow it to evaporate
spontaneously. The residue may be further purified
by redissolving in water and again extracting with

ether. The method has been modified in some of
its details, especially by Selmi and Marino-Zuco.

state (stat) [status; stare, to stand]. A condition,
s. medicine, that department of medical study that
concerns public health, and is in part occupied with
the statistics of disease.

statement (stat'-ment) [stare, to stand]. A decla-
ration, s., ante-mortem, a declaration made im-
mediately before death, and which if made with the
consciousness of impending death is legally held as
binding as a statement sworn to.

static (stat'-ik) [<tto.tik6s, causing to stand]. At
rest. In equilibrium, s. ataxia. See ataxia, s.
breeze, a method of administration of static elec-
tricity, consisting in the withdrawal of a static charge
from a patient by means of a pointed electrode, s.
electricity. See electricity, s. pelvis, the bony pelvis,
s. shock, a mode of applying Franklinic electricity,
placing the patient on an insulated stool, and apply-
ing one pole of a static machine to this platform, while
the other pole is applied to the body of the patient
by the operator, s. test, this consists in ascertaining
the absolute weight of the lungs and comparing this
weight with the average lung-weights of still born
children, and of children who have died soon after
birth. Fodere fixes the weight of the lungs of still
born children born at term at 480 grains, and 960
grains as the weight of the lungs soon after breathing
has been established. This test is of but slight value,
s. theory (of Goltz), every position of the head causes
the endolymph of the semicircular canals to exert
the greatest pressure upon some part of the canals,
thus in varying degree exciting the nerve terminations
of the ampullar.

Statice (stat'-is-e) [a-Tamcri, an astringent herb].
A genus of plants of the order Plumbaginea. S.
antarctica and 5. brasiliensis, baycuru or guaycura,
South American species, are used to produce uterine
contractions. 5. gmelini, a species indigenous to
southern Russia, is used as a gargle and in diarrhea.
5. limonium grows upon the coasts of Europe and
North America; the plant, seed, and root are used
as astringents.

statics (stat'-iks) [see static]. The science relating
to forces in a condition of equilibrium.

statim (stat'-im) [L.]. Immediately, at once.

station (sta'-shun) [statio, from stare, to stand].
1. Standing position or attitude. 2. In obstetrics,
the location of the head or presenting part; e. g., it
may be at the outlet of the pelvis, or above the inlet,
s.-test, the patient is made to stand with his eyes
shut and feet together; an unusual swaying of the
body denotes ataxia.

stationary (sta'-shun-a-re) [see station]. Standing
still; not moving, s. air, the amount of air which is
constantly in the lungs during normal respiration.

statistics (sta-tis'-tiks) [status, a state]. A numer-
ical collection of facts relating to any subject, s.,
medical, that part of medicine pertaining to details of
mortality, climate, and the geographical distribution
of diseases, s., vital. Same as s., medical.

statocyst (stat'-o-sist) [trTarfc, standing; Khans,
cyst]. One of the vestibular sacs of the labyrinth
which is supposed to act as the nervous mechanism
on which static equilibrium depends.

statometer (stat-om'-et-er) [arards, standing; ukrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the
degree of exophthalmos.

stature (stat'-ur) [statura, stature]. The height
of any animal when standing. In quadrupeds, it is
measured at a point over the shoulders. In man, it
is the measured distance from the heel to the top of
the head.

status (sta'-tus) [L.]. A state, s. arthriticus, the
nervous manifestations preceding an attack of gout,
s. cribrosus, a scarcely macroscopic sieve-like con-
dition of the brain or nerve-substance, due to ab-
sorption of minute vessels; observed in autopsies.
Fr., etat crible. s. epilepticus, a condition in which
epileptic attacks occur in rapid succession, the patient
not regaining consciousness during the interval,
s. gastricus, gastritis, s. lymphaticus, a condition
in which all the lymphatic tissues, the thymus, the
spleen, and the bone marrow are hyperplastic;
sudden death is liable to occur especially in surgical
anesthesia. Syn., lymphatism; lymphotoxemia ; status
thymicus. s. parathyreoprivus, a pathological state
caused by complete loss of parathyroid tissue,
s. praesens, the state of a patient at the time of
examination, s. thymicolymphaticus, s. thymicus

STATUVOLENCE

839

STELLATE

See 5. lymphaticus. s. typhosus. See typhoid state.
s. verminosus. See helminthiasis, s. vertiginosus,
persistent vertigo.

statuvolence (sta-lu-vo'-lens) [status, state; volens,
willing]. Autohypnotism ; voluntary somnambulism
or clairvoyance; a trance into which one voluntarily
enters without aid from another.

staurion (staw'-re-on) [aravpos, cross]. The cranio-
metric point where the transverse palatine suture
crosses the median suture.

stauroplegia (staw-ro-ple'-je-ah) [aravpos, crossed;
irXyyy, a stroke]. Crossed hemiplegia.

stave of the thumb. See Bennett's fracture.

stavesacre (stavz-a'-ker). See staphisagria.

staxis (staks'-is). See stillicidium.

stay knot. See knot.

steam {stem). The vapor of water; water in a
gaseous state, s.-atomizer. See atomizer, s.-doc-
tor, an old name for a Thompsonian physician, from
the extensive use of steaming and sweating made by
that school, s.-tug murmur, the double murmur
of aortic obstruction and insufficiency. It may be
expressed by the word hoo-chee, hoo representing the
obstructive murmur, and chee the regurgitant mur-
mur.

steapsin (ste-ap'-sin) [arkap, fat]. A ferment of
the pancreatic juice which causes fats to combine
with an additional molecule of water and then split
into glycerin and their corresponding acids; lipase.

stear (ste-ar) [arkap, fat]. See adeps.

stearate (ste'-ar-at) [stearin]. A salt of stearic
acid. Glycerol stearate is called stearin (q. v.).

stearerin (ste-ar' -er-in) [arkap, fat]. A fatty
substance found in the oil of sheeps' wool and which
is analogous to stearin.

stearic acid (ste-ar' -ik) . See acid, stearic, and
stearin.

steariform (ste-ar' -if -orm) [arkap, fat; forma, form].
Having the appearance of or resembling fat.

stearin (ste'-ar-in) [arkap, fat], CaHsChCCisHssO^s.
I. A compound of stearic acid and glyceryl occurring
in the harder animal fats, especially in tallow. It
crystallizes in white, pearly scales. 2. Stearic acid.

stearoconotum (ste-ar-ok-on-o' -turn) [arkap, fat;
kovls, dust]. An insoluble but fusible solid yellowish
fat occurring in brain tissue; it contains sulphur and
phosphorus.

stearodermia (ste-ar-o-der'-me-ah) [arkap, fat; 8kpp.a,
the skin]. An affection of the seba'ceous glands of
the skin.

stearol (ste'-ar-ol) [arkap, fat]. A medicament
having fat as an excipient.

stearone (ste'-ar-on) [arkap, fat], C35H70O. A
volatile liquid obtained by partial decomposition of
stearic acid.

stearoptene (ste-ar -op' -ten) [arkap, fat; irrrjvos,
winged; volatile]. The crystalline substance occur-
ring naturally in solution in a volatile oil.

stearrhea, stearrhoea (ste-ar-e'-ah) [arkap, fat; pola,
2l flow]. See seborrhea, s. congestiva. Synonym of
seborrhea congestiva. s. flavescens, a seborrhea in
which the sebaceous matter turns yellow after being
deposited upon the skin. s. nigricans. See chromid-
rosis. s. simplex, ordinary seborrhea.

stearyl (ste'-ar-il) [arkap, fat; 11X77, matter], C18H35O.
The radical of stearic acid.

steatin (ste'-at-in) [artanvov, pertaining to suet].
1. Same as stearin. 2. Any cerate containing a
considerable proportion of tallow.

steatinum (ste-at-i'-num) [areanvov, pertaining to
suet]. A name given to certain pharmaceutical prep-
arations similar to cerates.

steatite (ste'-at-it). See talc.

steatitis (ste-at-i'-tis) [arkap, fat]. Inflammation
of the fatty tissues.

steato- (ste-at-o-) [arkap, fat]. A prefix meaning
fatty.

steatocele (ste'-at-o-sel) [steato-; /07X77, tumor].
A swelling formed by a collection of fatty matter in
the scrotum.

steatocryptosis (ste-at-o-krip-to'-sis) [steato-; Kpvirrr],
a crypt, or sac]. Abnormality of function of the
sebaceous glands.

steatodes (ste-at-o' -dez) [arkap, fat; eldos, resem-
blance]. Fatty.

steatogenous (sle-at-oj'-en-us) [steato-; yevf)s, pro-
duced]. Producing steatosis.

steatolysis (ste-at-ol'-is-is) [steato-; X6<nr, solution].
The emulsifying process by which fats are prepared
for absorption and assimilation.

steatolytic (ste-at-o-lit'-ik). Accomplishing a
steatolysis.

steatoma (ste-at-o' -mah) [steato-; 6p,a, tumor].

1. A sebaceous cyst. 2. A lipoma, s., Mueller's,
a lipofibroma.

steatopathic (ste-at-o-path'-ik) [steato-; ■koQos, dis-
ease]. Pertaining to diseases of the sebaceous glands.

steatopygia (ste-at-o- pi' -je-ah) [steato-; irvyrj, but-
tock]. Enormous fatness of the buttock, common
among the women of some African tribes.

steatopygous (ste-at-op'-ig-us) [see steatopygia].
Characterized by excessive development of the
buttocks.

steatorrhea, steatorrhoea (ste-at-or-e'-ah) [steato-;
i>ola, flow]. 1. An increased flow of the secretion of
the sebaceous follicles; see seborrhea. 2. Fatty
stools, s. amianthaca, a form of seborrhea in which
the excess of solid constituents gives the appearance
of scaliness of the skin; see, also, seborrhea, s. nigri-
cans. Same as seborrhea nigricans, s. simplex,
excess of sebaceous excretion of the face.

steatosis (ste-at-o' -sis). 1. Fatty degeneration.

2. An abnormal accumulation of fat. s. cordis,
fatty heart.

steatozoon (ste-at-o-zo'-on) [steato-; £€>ov, an ani-
mal]. The parasite, Demodex folliculorum, contained
in comedones.

stechiology, stoechiology, stoicheiology (stek-e-oV-
o-je) [aroixeiov, a first principle; \6yos, science].
The doctrine of elements and of elementary principles.

stechiometry, stoechiometry, stoichiometry (stek-
e-om'-et-re, stoi-ke-om' -et-re) [aroixeiov, a first principle;
p.krpop, a measure]. 1. The mathematical side of
chemistry. 2. The estimation of the proportions in
which elements combine to form compounds.

steel (stel). Iron chemically combined with a
certain proportion of carbon. It holds an intermedi-
ate position between white cast iron and wrought
iron, partaking of the most valuable qualities of
both. Steel of good quality is fine-grained, elastic,
and tough; see, also,' ferrum. s. drops, tincture of
chloride of iron, s.-grinders' phthisis. See pneu-
monokoniosis. s. mixture, mistura ferri composita.
s.-pen palsy. See writers' cramp, s. tincture. See
ferric chloride, tincture of. s. wine. Synonym of
vinum ferri.

Steele's sign (stel). Exaggerated pulsation over
the whole area of the cardiac region; it is noted in
intrathoracic tumor.

steep. 1. A name for rennet. 2. To stand in
water for making an infusion.

stege (ste'-je) [arkyos, roof]. The inner layer of
the rods of Corti.

stegmonth (steg'-munth) [arkyeiv, to cover]. The
period (about a month) between childbirth and com«
plete return to health; the puerperium.

stegnosis (steg-no'-sis) [arkyvioais, a checking of a
discharge; a soldering]. Constipation, or costive-
ness; the checking of a discharge; the closing of a
passage; stenosis.

stegnotic (steg-noi'-ik). Effecting stegnosis. As-
tringent.

Stegomyia (steg-o-mi'-e-ah) [areyavos, covered;
fivla, a fly]. A genus of mosiuitos or Culicidce,
represented in most tropical and subtropical coun-
tries. The adults are usually very vicious biters,
both by day and night. According to the experi-
ments of the American Commission on Yellow Fever
5. calopus or fasciata is the agent which spreads the
germs of this disease. S. calopus, S. fasciata, a
very distinct and common species, easily distinguished
by the thoracic ornamentation and by the last hind
tarsal joint being white. It is one of the most trouble-
some and annoying of mosquitos; the bite is very
irritating. It is the intermediate host of the germ of
yellow fever and of the hematozoon Filaria Bancroftii,
which also occurs in Culex fatigans , and in Anopheles.
Syn., Brindled or Tiger mosquito.

Stella (stel' -ah) [L., "star"]. A star-shaped
bandage; stellate bandage, stellae vasculosae Wins-
lowii. See Winslow's stars.

stellate (stel'-dt) [stella, a star]. Star-shaped, or
with parts radiating from a center, s. bandage,
one that is wound crosswise on the back. s. cells,
small polyaxonic nerve-cells in the molecular layer
of the cortex cerebri, s. fracture, a fracture in
which there are numerous fissures radiating from the
central point of injury. It usually occurs in flat
bones, s. hair, a hair which divides at the end in a
star-shaped fashion, s. laceration, one involving the

STELLULA

840

STEREOCHEMISTRY

tissues in several directions, as a stellate laceration
of the cervix uteri, s. ligament, the anterior costo-
vertebral ligament, s. veins, minute venous radicles
arranged in stellate fashion and located just beneath
the capsule of the kidney.

stellula (stel'-u-lah) [dim. of stella, a star]. In
anatomy, a plexus of veins in the cortex of the kidney.
stellulae Verheynii, a stellate network of veins in the
outer part of the cortex of the kidney, s. Winslowii.
See Winslow's stars.

stem. The pedicle of a tumor; the shaft of a hair;
the supporting stalk of a leaf or plant, s., brain,
the brain, less the fissured portion of the cerebrum.
s.-eelworm. See 5. sickness, s., gland, a gland-
duct, s. of hair. Synonym of hair-shaft, s.-
pessary, a pessary having a stem or rod which enters
the os uteri, s.-sickness, a parasitic disease of
clover, due to the presence of the stem-eelworm.
( Tylenchus devastatrix) .

Stellwag's sign (stel'-vahg) [Carl Stellwag von Carion,
Austrian ophthalmologist, 1823-1904]. Absence or
diminution in frequency of the winking movements
of the eyelids and abnormal width of the palpebral
aperture ; it is seen in exophthalmic goiter.

stenagma (sten-ag'-mah) [areva^etv, to sigh].
Synonym of sigh.

stenagmus (sten-ag'-mus) [o-Tei>a£eiv, to sigh].
Sighing.

stench [ME., stench, a smell]. An ill smell; an
offensive odor, s.-pipe, an upright pipe that reaches
above the roof of a house ; it is intended to give vent
to foul vapors that accumulate in waste-pipes, and
water-closets, s.-trap, in sewerage and plumbing,
a device for preventing a reflux of foul vapors and

Stender dish {sten'-der) [Wilhelm P. Slender,
German manufacturer of scientific apparatus],
A vessel used in staining sections of tissues.

stenion (sten'-e-on) [arevos, narrow]. A cranio-
metric point at the extremity of the smallest trans-
verse diameter in the temporal fossa.

Steno's duct. See Stensen's duct.

steno- (sten-o-) [arevos, narrow]. A prefix meaning
narrow or constricted.

stenobregmate (sten-o-breg'-mat) [steno-; (ipkyna,
the bregma]. The condition in which the upper and
fore-part of the head is narrow.

stenocardia (sten-o-kar'-de-ah) [steno-; KapSia,
heart]. Angina pectoris.

stenocephalous (sten-o-sef'-al-us) [steno-; ice<pa\ri,
head]. Having a head narrow in one or more of its
diameters.

stenocephaly (sten-o-sef'-al-e) [see stenocephalous].
Narrowing of the head in one or more of its diameters.

stenochasmus (sten-o-kaz'-mus) [steno-; xaf/w, a
chasm]. Lissauer's term applied to a skull in which
a line drawn from the point upon the rostrum of
the sphenoid where it is included between the ala?
vomeris, to the center of the posterior nasal spine and
to the basion, intersects with an angle of 740 to 04°.

stenochoria (sten-o-ko'-re-ah) [steno-; xwpos, space].
Narrowing; stenosis; partial obstruction, particularly
of the lacrymal duct. s. saccilacrimalis, stenosis of
the lacrymo-nasal duct.

stenocompressor (ste-no-kom-pres'-or) [Steno' s duct ;
compressor]. An instrument used to compress
Stenson's ducts during dental operations.

stenocoriasis (sten-o-ko-ri'-as-is) [steno-; /copy,
pupil]. Narrowing of the pupil.

stenocrotaphia, or stenocrotaphy (sten-ok-ro-ta' '-
fe-ah, or sten-o-kro' -ta-fe) [steno-; KpoTa<f>os, the
temple]. A narrowing of the temporal region of the
skull.

stenodont (sten'-o-dont) [steno-; 686vs, tooth].
Provided with narrow teeth.

stenomycteria (sten-o-mik-te'-re-ah) [steno-; \imktt\p,
the nose]. Nasal stenosis.

Stenon's duct. See Stensen's duct.

Stenonian, Stenonine {sten-o' -ne-an, sten'-o-nen).
Named for Nicholas Stenson (latinized Stenonianus) ,
a Danish anatomist, 1638-1686.

stenopeic (sten-o-pe'-ik) [steno-; dirt], an opening].
Pertaining to or having a narrow slit; applied to
lenses that allow the passage of rays only through a
narrow slit.

stenosin (sten'-o-sin), AsCH30sNa22H20, disodic
methylarsenate, discovered by Baeyer; said to be a
nontoxic arsenical salt. Dose 1 eg. 1 to 5 times
daily.

stenosis (sten-o' -sis) [arevos, narrow]. Constric-

tion or narrowing, especially of a channel or aper-
ture, s., aortic, a narrowing of the aortic orifice at
the base of the heart or a narrowing of the aorta
itself, s., cardiac, as a consequence of inflammation
of the connective tissue in the myocardium, the conus
arteriosus upon either side of the heart may become
diminished in diameter, with consequent hindrance
to the free passage of blood from the ventricle into
its corresponding artery. This constitutes what is
called stenosis of the heart. The second sound is
fully formed and sharply defined, thus distinguishing
the condition from valvular stenosis, s., cicatricial,
stenosis due to a contracted cicatrix, s., granulation,
narrowing caused by encroachment of contraction
of granulations, s., mitral, stenosis of left auriculo-
ventricular orifice, s., post-tracheotomy, stenosis
after tracheotomy, s., Dittrich's, stenosis of the
conus arteriosus.

stenostegnosis, stenostenosis (sten-o-steg-no'-sis,
sten-o-sten-o'-sis) [stenononianus, or Stensen; areyvo}-
<ns, constriction]. Stenosis of Stensen's duct.

stenostomatous {sten-o- sto'-mat-us) [steno-; arona,
mouth]. Having a small mouth.

stenostomia (sten-o-sto' -me-ah) [steno-; arona,
mouth]. A narrowing or closure of the mouth.

stenostomy (sten-os'-to-me) [steno-; <rr6/*a, a
mouth]. The contraction of any mouth or aperture.

stenothermal (sten-o-ther'-mal) [steno-; narrow;
Oepfios, heat]. Capable of sustaining a small range
of temperature.

stenothorax (sten-o-tho'-raks) [steno-; thorax].
Having a straight, short thorax. >

stenotic (sten-ot'-ik) [stenosis]. Characterized by
stenosis; produced by stenosis.

Stensen's (Steno's) duct [see Stenonian]. The
duct of the parotid gland. S.'s experiment, tempo-
rary ligation of the aorta of the rabbit immediately
below the point at which the renal arteries are given
off, for the purpose of cutting off the blood-supply
of the lower portion of the spinal cord. S.'s fora-
mina, the incisive foramina which transmit the
anterior branches of the descending palatine vessels.
S.'s plexus, the venous plexus surrounding Stensen's
duct. S.'s veins, the vena? vorticosa? of the choroid.

stentorin (sten'-to-rin). A blue pigment obtained
from infusorians of the genus Stentor.

stentorophonous (sten-tor-of'-on-us) [Srevrup, a
loud-voiced Greek in the Trojan war; <puvr), sound].
Having a loud voice.

stephanial, Stephanie (stef-an'-e-al, stef'-an-ik)
[aTktpavos, a wreath]. Pertaining to the stephanion.

stephanion (stef-an'-e-on) [ark<f>avos, a wreath;
crown]. The point of intersection of the temporal
ridge and coronal suture. See under craniometric
point.

steppage-gait (step'^aj-gat). The peculiar high-
stepping gait seen in tabes dorsalis and certain forms
of multiple neuritis.

stercobilin (ster-ko-bi'-lin) [stercus, dung; bilis,
bile]. A brown coloring-matter found in feces, and
identical with hydrobilirubin.

stercoraceous (ster-ko-ra'-shus) [stercus]. Fecal;
having the nature of feces; containing feces as,
stercoraceous vomiting.

stercoral (ster'-ko-ral). See stercoraceous.

stercorary (ster'-ko-ra-re) [stercus]. Fecal.

stercoremia, stercorsemia (ster-ko-re'-me-ah) [ster-
cus; alp.a, blood]. A condition of the blood resulting
from arrest of intestinal excretion and the absorption
of toxic matters from the feces.

stercorin (ster'-ko-rin) [stercus]. An extractive from
the feces resembling cholesterin.

Sterculia (ster-ku' -le-ah) [stercus, dung]. A genus
of some 85 species of tropical trees. S. urens of
India, and S. tragacantha of Africa afford some part
of the gums known as tragacanth. S. acuminata
produces the kola-nut; see kola.

stercus (ster'-kus) [L., "dung"]. Feces.

stere (ster) [arepeos, solid]. A measure of 1000
liters; a kiloliter.

stereo- (ster-e-o-) [arepeos, solid]. A prefix mean-
ing solid or relating to solidity.

stereoagnosis (ster-e-o-ag-no'-sis). See aster eog-
nosis.

stereochemistry (ster-e-o-kem' -is-tre) [arepeos, solid;
chemistry]. Stereo-isomerism ; theoretical explanations
of close isomerisms, by which it is assumed that the
differences between the various isomers are due to
the different positions of the same atoms or radicals
in tri-dimensional representations of the molecules.

STEREOCYST

841

STERNOHYOID

Ordinary structural formulae involve only two dimen-
sions, length and breadth, but these are not sufficient
to explain numerous cases of isomerism now known,
and a "spatial" or "solid" conception of the mole-
cule is necessary. The term allo-isomerism has been
proposed for these cases.

stereocyst {ster' -e-o-sist) [stereo-; kvcttis, cyst].
A hard cyst, or cystic growth.

stereognosis (ster-e-og-no'-sis) [stereo-; yv&ais,
knowledge]. The faculty of recognizing the nature
and use of objects by contact and handling them.
Cf. astereoagnosis.

stereognostic (ster-e-og-nos'-tik) [see stereognosis].
i. Pertaining to the cognition of solidity, or tri-
dimensional forms. 2. Recognizing by sense of
touch.

stereogram (ster'-e-o-gram) [stereo-; ypamia, a
writing]. A stereoscopic picture.

stereograph (ster'-e-o-graf) [stereo-; ypafeiv, to
write], i. Of Broca, an instrument used to make
outline drawings of parts of the cranium. 2. Same
as stereogram.

stereography (ster-e-og'-ra-fe) [stereo-; ypaxfreiv,
to write]. Graphic representation of the skull; a
branch of craniometry.

stereoisomerism (ster-e-o-i-som'-er-izm) [stereo-;
isomerism]. The condition in which two or more
substances having the same molecular formulae have
different properties; these differences are due to the
different relative positions of the atoms in the mole-
cule.

stereometer (ster-e-om! -et-er) [stereo-; fierpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for the determination of
the specific gravity of liquids, porous substances,
powders, etc., as well as solids.

stereometry (ster-e-om'-et-re) [see stereometer].
1. The determination of the specific gravity of
substances. 2. The measurement of volume.

stereomonoscope (ster-e-o-mon'-o-skop) [stereo-;
nouos, single; ano-relv, to view]. An instrument with
two lenses for producing a single picture giving the
effect of solidity.

stereoneura (ster-e-o-nu'-rah) [stereo-; vtvpov, nerve].
A term proposed by Wilder for the invertebrates
whose nervous axis, when it exists, presents no
cavity as in the vertebrates or celoneura.

stereophantoscope (ster-e-o-fan'-to-skop). A pano-
rama stereoscope using rotating discs in place of
.pictures.

stereophoroscope (ster-e-o-for' -o-skop) [stereo- ;
<f>epeiv, to carry; aKo-Ktlv, to see]. A stereoscopic
zoetrope, an instrument for producing a series of
images apparently in motion.

stereoplasm (ster'-e-o-plazm) [stereo-; irXdaaeiv, to
mold]. The solid part of the protoplasm of cells.

stereopsis (ster-e-op'-sis) [stereo-; oxpis, vision].
Stereoscopic vision.

stereoscope (ster'-e-o-skop) [stereo-; crKoirelv, to see].
An instrument by which two similar pictures of the
same object are made to overlap so that the reflected
images are seen as one, thereby giving the appearance
of solidity and relief.

stereoscopic (ster-e-o-skop'-ik) [stereoscope]. Per-
taining to stereoscopy. s. vision, binocular vision.
See stereoscope.

stereoscopy (ster-e-os'-ko-pe) [stereoscope]. The
use of the stereoscope.

stereoskiagraphy (ster-e-o-ski-ag'-ra-fe) [stereo-;
skiagraphy]. The use of the stereoscope in the study
of skiagrams.

stereostroboscope (ster-e-o-stro'-bo-skop) [stereo- ;
ffrpopos, a twisting; oKoirelv, to view]. An apparatus
for the experimental study of points moving in three
dimensions.

stereotics (ster-e-ot'-iks). Lesions or deformities
affecting the harder portions of the body.

stereotypy (ster-e-ot'-o-pe) [stereo-; tvttos, a type].
Morbid persistence of a volitional impulse when once
started.

steresol (ster'-e-sol) . A liquid said to be an alco-
holic solution of gum lac, benzoin, tolu balsam,
phenol, oil of ginger, and saccharin. It is used in
diphtheria and skin diseases.

steriform (ster'-e-form). An almost tasteless and
odorless powder consisting essentially of sugar of
milk and 5 % of formaldehyde, s . chloride, a
mixture of formaldehyde, 5 parts; ammonium chloride,
10 parts; pepsin, 20 parts; and milk-sugar, 65 parts.
s. iodide, formaldehyde, 5 parts; ammonium iodide,
10 parts; pepsin, 20 parts; and milk-sugar, 65 parts.

sterigma (sier-ig'-mah) [ar-hpty/ia, a prop, support;
pi., sterigmata]. In biology, a stalk or support.

sterile (ster'-il) [sterilis, barren]. 1. Not fertile;
not capable of reproducing. 2. Free from micro-
organisms or spores.

sterility (ster-il'-it-e) [sterile]. The condition of
being sterile, infertile, or incapable of reproducing,
s., facultative, sterility caused by the prevention of
conception. s., idiopathic. See azoospermia.
s., one-child, sterility occurring in a woman after
she has- given birth to one child, s., relative, sterility
due to other causes than abnormality of the sexual
organs.

sterilization (ster-il-i-za' -shun) [sterile]. The act
of rendering anything sterile; the destruction of
microorganisms, particularly by means of heat,
s. fractional, s., intermittent, a method of steriliza-
tion in which an interval of time is allowed to elapse
between the several heatings, giving an opportunity
for any spores present to develop into adult micro-
organisms, in which form they readily succumb to
the action of heat.

sterilized (ster'-il-izd) . Rendered sterile.

sterilizer (ster'-il-i-zer) [sterile]. An apparatus for
destroying the microorganisms attached to an
object, especially by means of heat.

sterisol (ster'-is-ol). A preparation containing
sugar of milk, 2.98 parts; sodium chloride, 0.672
part; potassium phosphate, 0.322 part; formaldehyde,
0.520 part; water, 95.506 parts. Used as an anti-
septic in infectious diseases.

Stern's position in heart examination [Heinrich
Stern, American physician, 1868- ]. The mur-
mur is heard more clearly in cases of tricuspid
regurgitation if the patient is placed on his back
with his neck extended and head lowered.

sternad (ster'-nad) [sternum]. Toward the sternal
aspect.

sternal (ster'-nal) [sternum]. Pertaining to the
sternum.

sternalgia {ster-nal'-je-ah) [sternum; aKyos , pain].
Pain in the sternum.

sternalgic (ster-nal'-jik) [sternum; a\yos, pain].
Affected with sternalgia.

sternalis (ster-na'-lis) [sternum]. Connected with
the sternum; sternal.

Sternberg's disease. The tuberculous form of
pseudoleukemia.

sternebra (sler'-ne-brah) [sternum; vertebra; pi.,
sternebra.]. Any one of the serial segments of the
sternum.

sternebral (ster'-ne-braV) [sternum; vertebra]. Per-
taining to or of the nature of a sternebra.

sternen (ster'-nen) [sternum]. Belonging to the
sternum in itself.

sterniform (ster'-nif-orm) [sternum; forma, form].
Shaped like a sternum.

sterno- (ster-no-) [ster?ium]. A prefix denoting
connection with the sternum.

stemoabdominalis (ster-no-ab-dom-in-a'-lis) [ster-
no-; abdomen]. The triangularis sterni and the
transversus abdominis considered as a single mus-
cle.

sternochondroscapularis (ster-no-kon-dro-skap-u-
la'-ris) [sterno-; xovSpos, cartilage; scapula]. An
inconstant muscle arising from the sternum and the
first costal cartilage and extending to the upper
border of the scapula.

sternoclavicular (ster-no-kla-vik'-u-lar) [sterno-;
clavicle]. Pertaining to the sternum and the clavicle.

sternocleidal (ster-no-kli'-dal). Same as sterno-
clavicular.

sternocleidomastoid (ster-no-kli-do-mas'-toid)

[sterno-; /cXeis, key; mastoid]. Pertaining to the
sternum, the clavicle, and the mastoid process, as
the sternocleidomastoid muscle. See under muscle.

sternocoracoid {ster-no-kor'-ak-oid). Relating to
the sternum and the coracoid.

sternocostal {ster-no-kos' -tal) [sterno-; costa, a. rib].
Pertaining to the sternum and the ribs.

sternodymia (ster-no-dim'-e-ah) [sterno-; 8veiv, to
enter]. A form of somatodymia in which the union
is in the sternum.

sternodynia (ster-no-din' -e-ah) [sterno-; 68wri, pain].
Sternalgia; pain in the sternum.

sternofacial (ster-no-fa'-shal) [sterno-; fades, face].
Pertaining to the sternum and the face.

sternoglossal (ster-no-glos'-al) [sterno-; yXuxraa,
tongue]. Pertaining to the sternum and the tongue.

sternohyoid (ster-no-hi'-oid) [sterno-; hyoid].

STERNOID

842

STIFLE

Pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid bone, as
the sternohyoid muscle. See under muscle.

sternoid (ster'-noid) [sternum; elSos, resemblance].
Resembling the sternum.

sternomastoid (ster-no-mas'-toid). Relating to
the sternum and the mastoid process of the temporal
bone.

sternomaxillary (ster-no-maks-il'-ar-re) [sterno- ;
maxilla, jaw]. Pertaining to the sternum and the
mandible.

sterno-omphalodymia (ster-no-om-fal-o-dim'-e-ah)
[sterno-; bp.<pa\bs, a navel; Sveiv, to enter]. A form
of somatodymia in which the union is in both the
sternal and umbilical regions.

sternopagia (ster-no-pa'-je-ah) [sterno-; irayos,
fixed]. The condition of a sternopagus.

sternopagus (ster-nop'-ag-us) [sterno-; irayos, fas-
tened]. A double monster the parts of which are
united at the sternum.

sternopericardiac (ster-no-per-e-kar'-de-ak). Re-
lating to the sternum and the pericardium.

sternoscapular (ster-no-skap'-u-lar) [sterno-; scap-
ula]. Pertaining to the sternum and the scapula.

sternothyroid (ster~no-thi'-roid) [sterno-; thyroid].
Pertaining to the sternum and the thyroid cartilage,
as the sternothyroid muscle. See under muscle.

sternotracheal (ster-no-tra'-ke-al) [sterno-; trachea].
Pertaining to the sternum and the trachea.

sternotrypesis (ster-no-tri-pe'-sis) [sterno-; rpvirrjo- is,
a boring]. Perforation of the sternum.

sternoxiphoid (ster-no-zif'-oid). Relating to or
connecting the sternum and the xiphoid process.

sternum (ster'-num) [arepvov, breast-bone]. The
flat, narrow bone in the median line in the front of
the chest, composed of three portions — the manu-
brium, the gladiolus, and the ensiform or xiphoid
appendix.

sternutament (ster-nu'-tam-ent) [sternutamentum ;
sternutare, to sneeze]. A substance causing sneezing.

sternutatio (ster-nu-ta'-she-o) [L.]. Sneezing, s.
convulsiva, paroxysmal sneezing, as in hay
fever.

sternutation (ster-nu-ta' '-shun) [sternutatio, a sneez-
ing]. The act of sneezing.

sternutatory (ster-nu'-tat-o-re) [see sternutation].
i. Producing sneezing. 2. An agent that causes
sneezing.

sterochemistry (ste-ro-kem'-is-tre). See stereo-
chemistry.

sterol (ster'-ol). A class of compounds which are
non-saponifiable, but are soluble in ether; they
are derived from plants and animals; cholesterol is
an example.

stertor (ster'-tor) [L., "a snoring"]. Sonorous
breathing or snoring; the rasping, rattling sound
produced when the larynx and the air-passages .are
obstructed by mucus.

stertorous (ster'-to-rus) [stertor]. Characterized by
stertor, as stertorous breathing.

sterule (ster'-ul). Trade name for a glass capsule
containing a sterile solution.

stetharteritis (steth-ar-ter-i'-tis) [arijdos, chest;
apr-hpta, artery; it«, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the arteries of the thorax.

stethemia, stethaemia (steth-e'-me-ah) [arijdos,
chest; alp.a, blood]. An accumulation of blood in
the pulmonary vessels.

stethendoscope (steth-en'-do-skdp) [stetho-; evSov,
within; o-Koireiv, to view]. A variety of fluoroscope
used for examining the chest.

stetho- (steth-o-) [arijdos, chest]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the chest.

stethocatharsis (steth-o-kath-ar'-sis) . Synonym of
expectoration.

stethocele (steth'-o-sel). See pneumonocele.

stethocelodyspnea (steth-o-se-lo-disp'-ne-ah) [stetho-;
Kv^rj, hernia; dyspnea]. Dyspnea due to hernia of
the lung.

stethochysis {steth-ok'-is-is). See hydrothorax.

stethocyrtograph. See stethokyrtograph.

stethogoniometer (steth-o- go-ne-om' -et-er) [stetho- ;
yuvia, angle; y-'erpov, measure]. An instrument for
measuring the curvature of the chest.

stetho graph (steth'-o-graf) [stetho-; ypa<j>eiv, to
write]. An instrument recording the respiratory
movements of the chest.

stethokyrtograph (steth-o-kir'-to-graf) [stetho-; Kvp-
ros, curved; ypa<ptiv, to write]. An apparatus de-
signed for measuring and recording the dimensions
of the chest.

stethomenia (steth-o-me' -ne-ah) [stetho- ; pA\v, month].
Vicarious menstruation by way of the bronchial
tubes.

stethometer (steth-om' -et-er) [stetho-; fierpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree
of expansion of the chest.

stethomyitis (steth-o-mi-i'-tis) [stetho-; p,vs, muscle;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscles of
the chest.

stethonoscope (steth-on'-o-skop) [stetho-; o-Koirelv,
to view]. An apparatus for use in auscultation
which may be attached to a binaural stethoscope.

stethoparalysis (steth-o-par-al'-is-is). Paralysis of
the muscles of the chest.

stethophone (steth'-o-fon) [stetho-; <puvr], sound].
Stethoscope.

stethophonometer (steth-o-fo-nom' -et-er) [stetho- ;
<pwvr), sound; y.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for
measuring the phenomena elicited by auscultation.

stethophonometry (steth-o-fo-nom' '-et-re) [see stetho-
phonometer]. The determination of the intensity
of the acoustic phenomena associated with the lungs
and heart.

stethopolyscope (steth-o-pol'-is-kop) [stetho-; iro\vs,
many; o-noirelv, to view]. A stethoscope having several
tubes for the simultaneous use of several observers.

stethoscope (steth'-o-skop) [stetho-; o-Koirelv, to
view]. An instrument for ascertaining the condition
of the organs of circulation and respiration by the
sounds made by these organs. It consists of a hollow
tube, one end being placed over ,the locality to be
examined, the other at the ear of the examiner.
The binaural stethoscope consists of a Y-shaped
tube, the flexible branches being applied each to an
ear of the listener, s., differential, one determining
the time rather than the quality of the sounds heard,
so that murmurs at two localities may be compared.

stethoscopic (steth-o-skop'-ik). Pertaining to or
detected by means of the stethoscope.

stethoscopy (steth-os'-ko-pe) [see stethoscope]. Ex-
amination with the aid of the stethoscope.

stethospasm (steth'-o-spazm) [stetho-; spasm].
Spasm of the pectoral muscles.

sthenia (sthen'-e-ah) [adkvos, strength]. Normal or
excessive force or vigor (opposed to asthenia).

sthenic (sthen'-ik) [adkvos, strength]. Strong;
active, s. fever, a form of fever marked by high
temperature, quick and tense pulse, and highly
colored urine.

sthenopyra (sthen-o-pi'-rah) [adkvos, strength; irvp,
fever]. Sthenic fever.

stibiacne (stib-e-ak'-ne) [stibium; acne]. Acne
caused by the use of antimony.

stibial (stib'-e-al) [stibium]. Pertaining to stibium,
or antimony.

stibialism (stib'-e-al-izm) [stibium], Antimonial
poisoning.

stibiated (stib'-e-a-ted) [stibium, antimony]. Con-
taining antimony.

stibiation (stib-e-a'-shun). Excessive use of anti-
monials.

stibine (stib'-en). Antimony trihydride; anti-
moniureted hydrogen, SbH3.

stibium (stib'-e-um). Antimony.

stibogram (stib'-o-gram) [o-tIQos, a beaten path;
ypap.ua, a writing]. A record of footsteps.

stibonium (stib-o'-ne-um). The radical SbPU;
similar in constitution to ammonium, NHU.

stichochrome (stik'-o-krom) [aHxos, a row; xpvy.a,
color]. Applied by Nissl to a somatochrome nerve-
cell in which the chromophilic substance is arranged
in striae running in the same direction and usually
parallel with the contour of the cell-body, partly
also with the surface of the nucleus. Cf. arkyosticho-
chrome.

Sticker's disease [G. Sticker, German physician,
i860- ]. Erythema infectiosum.

sticking plaster. Adhesive plaster.

stictacne (stik-tak'-ne) [arUros, punctated; acne].
Acne punctata; acne in which the pustules have a
red, raised base, with a central black point.

stiff (stif). Inflexible, unyielding, immovable in
continuity; applied especially to normally movable
parts, s. joint. See ankylosis, s. neck. See tor-
ticollis.

stiff-neck fever. Epidemic cerebrospinal menin-
gitis.

stifle (sti'-fl) [ME., stifl, to choke]. 1. To choke;
to kill by impeding respiration. 2. The stifle-
joint, q. v. 3. Disease or other affection of the

STIGMA

843

STITCH

stifle-bone, q. v. s.-bone, the patella of the horse.
s.-joint, the knee-joint of the horse.

stigma (stig'-mah) [arty pa, a point; pi., stigmata].
i. A small spot or mark, especially a spot of hemor-
rhage in the palm or sole, occurring in hysterical
persons. 2. Any one of the marks or signs charac-
teristic of a condition; generally used in the plural,
as hysterical stigmata. 3. That part of a pistil which
receives the pollen, stigmata, bakers', nodules on
the backs of the fingers caused by kneading dough.
stigmata, Conn's, minute gaps in the interalveolar
walls of the normal lung, s., Giuffrida-Rugieri's,
of degeneration, the absence or incompleteness of
the glenoid fossa, s. of Graafian follicle, the point
where the blood-vessels of the walls are absent and
where it finally ruptures, stigmata, hereditary,
psychical stigmata resembling those of an ancestor
and supposed to be inherited, stigmata, hysterical,
the specific, peculiar phenomena or symptoms of
hysteria as the anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hystero-
genic zones, reversal of the color field, contraction
of the visual field, the phenomena of transport,
amblyopia, impairment of the sense of hearing, of
taste, and of muscular sense, etc. stigmata, Mal-
pigbi's, the orifices of the capillary veins that join
the branches of the splenic vein at right angles,
stigmata maydis, zea mays. See under zea. stig-
mata, neurasthenic. See stigmata, hysterical, stig-
mata nigra, the black spots caused by the presence
of grains of gunpowder in the skin, stigmata
ovariorum, small cicatrixes seen in the ovaries after
the escape of the ova. stigmata, psychical, certain
mental states characterized by susceptibility to
particular suggestions, stigmata rubra, petechiae due
to various causes, stigmata, somatic, the objective
signs of certain nervous affections, stigmata, venous,
varicose veins.

stigmal (stig'-mal) [a-riyna, stigma]. Pertaining
to a stigma.

stigmatic (stig-mat'-ik) [stigma]. Pertaining to a
stigma.

-> stigmatism (stig' -mat-ism) [txriyna, point]. 1. A
condition of the refractive media of the eye in which
rays of light from a point are accurately brought to
a focus on the retina. Synonymous with emme-
tropia. See, also, astigmatism. 2. The condition of
having stigmata.

stigmatization (stig-mat-i-za'-shun) [stigma]. The
formation of stigmata.

stigmatodermia (stig-mat-o-der'-me-ah) [crHyna, a
prick; Sepjia, skin]. Disease of the prickle-cell layer
of the skin.

stigmatose (stig' -mat-os) [arlyixa, stigma]. Marked
with stigmata.

stilet, stilette (stil-et') [Ft., dim. of stilus, a point].
1. A small, sharp-pointed instrument inclosed in a
cannula. 2. A wire passed into a flexible catheter.

still-birth. The birth of a dead child.

still-born. Born lifeless.

Still-Chauffard symptom-complex (stil'-sho-far')
[see Still's disease; A. Chauffard, French physician].
The symptoms of Still's disease, q. v., observed in
pseudotuberculosis .

Still's disease [George Frederic Still, English
physician, 1868- ]. A form of polyarthritis with
enlargement of spleen and lymph-glands; it occurs
in infancy and childhood.

Stiller's sign [Berthold Stiller, Austrian physician,
1837- ]. Marked mobility or fluctuation of the
tenth rib in neurasthenia and enteroptosis.

stillicidium (stil-is-id'-e-um) [stilla, a drop; cadere,
to fall down]. The flow of a liquid drop by drop.
s. lacrimarum, overflow of tears from obstruction of
the canaliculus or nasal duct; epiphora, s. narium,
coryza. s. urinae, dribbling of urine.

Stilling's bundle [Benedict Stilling, German
anatomist, 1810-1879]. See Krause's respiratory
tract. S.'s canal. 1. The central canal of the spinal
cord. 2. See canal, hyaloid. S.'s cells, S.'s columns,
groups of multipolar cells near the gray commissure
in the posterior cornua of the cervical and lumbar
spinal cord. They correspond to Clarke's vesicular
columns. S.'s fibers, the association fibers of the
cerebellum. S.'s fleece, the meshwork of fibers
formed around the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum.
S.'s gelatinous substance, the gelatinous substance
surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord.
S.'s nucleus. 1. The nucleus ruber of the subthal-
amic region. 2. The nucleus of the hypoglossal
nerve in the fourth ventricle. S.'s raphe, a narrow

band connecting the pyramids of the oblongata.
S.'s sacral nucleus, an island of ganglion-cells in the
region of the spinal cord. S.'s scissors of the brain,
the supposed resemblance to the outline of a pair of
scissors seen in a horizontal section of the brain
through the thalamus, nucleus ruber, and the nucleus
dentatus cerebelli.

Stilling-Clarke's cells or dorsal nucleus. See
Clarke's column.

Stillingia (stil-in'-je-ah) [Benjamin Stillingjleet,
English botanist, 1702-1771]- A genus of plants of
the order Euphorbiacecz. The stillingia of the
U. S. P. is the root of 5. sylvatica, queen's root or
queen's delight, and is used as an alterative in
syphilis, scrofula, diseases of the skin, etc. s., fluid-
extract of (fluidextractum stillingia, U. S. P.). Dose
\-i dr. (2-4 Cc).

stillingin (stil-in'-jin) [Benjamin Stillingjleet,
English botanist, 1702-177 1]. A precipitate from a
tincture of the root of Stillingia sylvatica ; resolvent,
stimulant, diuretic, antisyphilitic. Dose 1 to 3
grains.

stilus (sti'-lus) [stilus, a point]. 1. A more correct
form of the word stylus, used as an anatomical term.
2. A small tube or a bit of wire sometimes retained
in the obstructed lacrymal duct, with a view to the
restoration of its function. 3. An ointment or other
medicament in the shape of a pencil or stick.

stimulant (stim'-u-lant) [stimulus, a goad]. 1.
Stimulating. 2. An agent that causes stimulation.
s., cardiac, one that increases the heart's action,
s., cerebral, one that exalts the action of the cere-
brum, s., cutaneous, one that increases the activity
of the skin, producing diaphoresis, s., diffusible or
diffusive, one that has a prompt but transient effect,
s., hepatic, one that excites the activity of the liver.
s., intestinal, one that acts upon the intestinal tract.
s., local, one acting directly on the end organs of the
sensory nerves of the skin, s., renal, one producing
diuresis, s., spinal, one exciting the spinal cord,
s., stomachic, one giving tone to the stomach, aiding
digestion, etc. s., vasomotor, one exciting the vaso-
motor apparatus.

stimulate (stim' -u-lat) [see stimulant]. To quicken;
to stir up; to excite; to increase functional activity.

stimulation (stim-u-la'-shun) [see stimulant]. 1.
The act of stimulating. 2. The effect of a stimulant.

stimulator (stim'-u-la-tor). A stimulating drug or
agent.

stimulin (stim'-u-lin). Metchnikoff's name for
substances supposed to stimulate the phagocytes to
destroy germs.

stimulus (stim'-u-lus) [L.; pi., stimuli]. A goad;
an impulse; anything capable of causing stimulation.
s., adequate. See s., homologous, s., chemical,
one due to or produced by chemical means, s.-
difference, the difference in activity between two
stimuli, s., heterologous, one acting upon the
nervous elements of the sensory apparatus along their
entire course, s., homologous, one acting only
upon the end-organ, s., maximal, a stimulus,
increase above which cannot be appreciated, s.,
mechanical, one acting by mechanical means, as
pinching or striking, s., minimal, the smallest stimu-
lus which can be appreciated, s., subminimal, one
too weak to produce any obvious effect, s., sum-
mation of. See summation, s., thermal, the appli-
cation of heat.

Stipa (sti'-pah) [arv-n-ij, tow]. A genus of grasses.
5. vaseyi, sleepy grass, is a species found in New
Mexico in the Sacramento Mountains, the ingestion
of which causes in horses a stupor which endures for
several days.

stipate (sti'-pat) [stipare, to press together].
Packed ;# crowded.

stipatio (sti-pa'-she-o) [L.]. An aggregation form-
ing an obstruction, s. telas cellulosas infantum,
sclerema neonatorum.

stirp (sturp) [stirps, a stock, root, race]. 1. The
sum-total of hereditary organic units contained in
the fertilized ovum. 2. A race, lineage, or family.

stirpicultural (stur-pik-ul'-tu-ral) [stirps, a race;
cultura, culture]. Pertaining to stirpiculture.

stirpiculture (stur-pik-ul'-tur) [stirps, stock, race;
cultura, culture]. The proposed improvement of
the human species by attention to the laws of breed-
ing.

stirrup, stirrup-bone (stir' -up). The stapes.

stitch. 1. A sudden, sharp, lancinating pain.
2. See suture (2). s.-abscess. an abscess forming in

STITH

844

STOMATOLOGY

a suture, s., Marcy's cobbler. See suture, cobbler's.
s., sclerocorneal, a peculiar stitch devised by Kalt
to secure rapid union of the wound and to prevent
prolapse of the iris after simple extraction of cataract.
Syn., Kalt stitch, s. in the side, intercostal neuralgia.

stith, stithe (stith, stlth). The incus.

stock (stok). A quantity of solution, or other
material, kept on hand for use as occasion requires.

stocking, elastic. A stocking of elastic fibers for
the compression of a limb affected with varicose veins
and other diseases.

stcechiology (stek-e-ol'-o-je) [<ttoix^ov, an element;
Xoyos, a treatise]. The study of the chemical ele-
ments of the gases, fluids, and solids of the body;
see stechiology.

Stoerk's blennorrhea [Karl Stoerk, Austrian
laryngologist, 1832-1899]- Profuse chronic suppura-
tion and consequent hypertrophy of the mucosa of
the nose, pharynx, and larynx.

stoichiometry. See stechiometry.

Stokes, astigmatic lens of, an apparatus consisting
of two piano-cylindrical lenses, one concave, the other
convex, the two of equal focal distance; it is used in
the diagnosis of astigmatism.

Stokes' disease [William Stokes, Irish physician,
1804-1878]. See goiter, exophthalmic. S.'s expec-
torant, a preparation used in the treatment of bron-
chitis. It consists of pulverized carbonate of am-
monium 16 grains, fluidextract of senega and squills
each \ dram, paregoric 3 drams, syrup of Tolu
sufficient to make two ounces. A dram of this is
given p. r. n. S.'s law, inflammation of serous or
mucous membranes leads to paralysis of subjacent
muscles. S.'s liniment, a liniment containing tur-
pentine, acetic acid, oil of lemon, egg, and rose
water. S.'s pulse. See Corrigan's pulse. S.'s sign.

1. A violent abdominal throbbing felt on palpation
to the right of the umbilicus in acute enteritis.

2. Marked feebleness of the first heart-sound, when
occurring during fevers, calls for alcoholic stimu-
lation. S.'s syndrome. See A dams- Stokes' disease.

Stokes-Adams' symptom-complex or disease. See
Adams-Stokes' disease.

Stokes' operation [Sir William Stokes, Irish surgeon,
1 839- 1 900]. 1. For amputation above the knee:
the same as Gritti's operation, except that section
of the femur is made above the condyles. 2. For
excision of the tongue: a modification of Jaeger's
operation. 3. For flat-foot: by removing a wedge-
shaped piece of bone from the head and neck of the
astragalus. 4. For single hare-lip: the prolabium is
formed by tissue from both sides of the cleft by means
of incisions skirting the red margin; the upper part
of the cleft is incompletely pared and the partially
dissected flaps turned back, while the edges of the
skin are brought together and the prolabial flaps
drawn downward and outward.

Stokes's reagent for reducing hemoglobin [William
Royal Stokes, American pathologist, 1870- ].
Add some citric or tartaric acid to a solution of ferrous
sulphate and ammonia enough to make it alkaline.

Stokvis' test for bile-pigments [Barend Joseph
Stokvis, Dutch physician, 1834-1902]. To 20 to 30
Cc. of urine add 5 to 10 Cc. of a zinc acetate solution
(1 : 5). Wash the precipitate on a small filter with
water, and dissolve in a little ammonia. When
filtered, the filtrate will give, after standing in the
air, a brownish green color, and show the absorption
bands of bilicyanin, one between C and D, the
second at D, and the third between D and E.

stolidity (stol-id'-it-e) [stoliditas]. A term desig-
nating stupidity of various degrees, even to amentia,
or complete imbecility — oftener, however, signi-
fying merely a phlegmatic or immobile tempera-
ment.

Stoll's pneumonia. Bilious pneumonia; a variety
of pneumonia with gastrohepatic symptoms.

stolon (sto'-lon). In biology: (a) a slender, pros-
trate branch, taking root, or bearing a bulb at the
tip, where it forms one or more new plants; (b) an
analogous budding stock in certain compound ani-
mals.

stolonization {sto-lon-iz-a' -shun) [stolo, a shoot].
The process of transforming, in certain organisms,
one organ into another through external influences,
such as gravitation, contact, light, etc.

Stoltz's operation (stolts) [Joseph Alexis Stoltz,
French gynecologist, 1803-1896]. Pubiotomy.
. stoma (sto'-mah) [arb^a, mouth; pi., stomata].
1. A mouth. 2. A pore, as that between endothelial

cells, establishing direct communication between
adjacent lymph-channels.

stomacace (sto-mak'-as-e) [arbfia, mouth; kukos,
evil]. Canker of the mouth. Fetor of the mouth
with ulcerated gums, also scorbutic sore-mouth.

stomach (stum'-ak) [aronaxos, the stomach]. The
most dilated part of the alimentary canal, situated
below the diaphragm in the left hypochondriac, the
epigastric, and part of the right hypochondriac
regions. It is connected at one end (cardiac end)
with the esophagus, at the other (pyloric end) with
the duodenum. Its wall consists of four coats — the
serous, muscular, submucous, and mucous. The
mucous coat contains the gastric glands (cardiac and
pyloric glands), which secrete the gastric juice and
mucus, s.-bed, the shelf-like support upon which
the stomach rests, formed by the portion of the
pancreas situated to the left of the median line.
This is quite thick anteroposteriorly, and its upper
surface (anterior surface of His) makes a large portion
of the shelf, s.-bucket, a small bucket for extracting
some of the gastric contents, s.-cough, a reflex
cough excited by irritation of the stomach, s.-
pump, a pump for withdrawing the contents of the
stomach, s.-reefing. Synonym of gastrorrhaphy.
s.-tooth, a lower canine tooth, especially one of
the first dentition, s.-tube, a flexible tube for irriga-
tion or evacuation of the stomach, s.-worm disease,
a disease of cattle due to species of Strongylus — ■
5. contortus, S. osterfagi, S. curticei, S. parkeri, S.
retortceformis, S. fillicollis, S. oncpphorus.

stomachal (stum'-ak-al) [stomach]. Pertaining to
the stomach.

stomachalgia (stum-ak-al'-je-ah) [stomach; ahyos,
pain]. Pain in the stomach.

stomachic (stum-ak'-ik) [stomach], 1. Pertaining
to the stomach. 2. Stimulating the secretory
activity of the stomach. 3. One of a class of sub-
stances which have an influence upon the work of the
digestive organs.

stomachoscopy (stum-ak-os'-ko-pe) [stomach; <tko-
■jrelv, to view]. Examination of the stomach; gastro*
scopy.

stomata (sto'-mat-ah). Plural of stoma, q. v.

stomatal (sto'-mat-al) [<rr6fui, mouth]. Relating
to stomata. _

stomatalgia {sto-mat-al'-je-ah) [aro/ia, mouth;
&\yos, pain]. Pain in the mouth.

stomatic (sto-mat'-ik) [crrofia, mouth]. Relating
or belonging to the mouth.

stomatitis (stom-at-i'-tis) [stoma; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the mouth, s. aphthosa,
s., aphthous. See aphtha, s., catarrhal, a simple
form characterized by swelling of the mucous mem-
brane, pain, and salivation, s., epidemic, an acute
infectious stomatitis, which occurs in epidemic,
s., gangrenous. See cancrum oris, s., mercurial,
that arising from poisoning by mercury, s., mycotic.
See thrush, s., parasitic. See thrush, s., scorbutic,
that due to scurvy, s., ulcerative, a form charac-
terized by the formation of small ulcers on the
cheeks, lips, and tongue, with copious salivation,
pain, fetid breath, slight fever, and at times great
prostration, s., vesicular. Same as s., aphthous.

stomato- (sto-mat-o-) [<tt6hcl, mouth]. A prefix
meaning pertaining to the mouth.

stomatocace (sto-mat-ok'-as-e) [stomato-; k&kos,
evil]. Fetid ulceration of the mouth.

stomatocatharsis (sto-mat-o-kath-ar'-sis). Synonym
of salivation.

stomatodynia (sto-mat-o-din'-e-ah) [stomato-; 68wr),
pain]. Pain in the mouth.

stomatodysodia (sto-mat-o-dis-o'-de-ah) [stomato- ;
SvaoodLa, foul odor]. A foul odor of the breath; ill
smelling breath.

stomatogastric {sto-mat-o-gas'-trik) [stomato-; ya<r-
ttjp, stomach]. In biology, applied to the nerves;
pertaining to the mouth and the stomach.

stomatol (sto'-mat-ol). An antiseptic compound
said to consist of terpineol, 4 parts; soap, 2 parts;
alcohol, 45 parts; aromatics, 2 parts; glycerol, 5
parts; water, 42 parts.

stomatologic, stomatological (sto-mat-o-loj'-ik, sto-
mat-o-loj' -ik-al) [stomato-; Xoyos, science]. Pertaining
to stomatology.

stomatologist (sto-mat-oV -o-jist) [stomato-; \6yos,
science]. One versed in stomatology.

stomatology (sto-mat-ol'-o-je) [stomato-; Xoyos,
science]. The sum of what is known about the
mouth.

STOMATOMALACIA

845

STRAIN

stomatomalacia {sto-mat-o-maV -a-se-ah) [stomato-;
fiakaKLa, softening]. Sloughing or softening of parts
of the mouth.

stomatomenia (sto-mat-o-me'-ne-ah) [stomato-; y.i\v,
month]. Vicarious menstruation by way of the
mouth.

stomatomia (sto-mat-o'-me-ah) [stomato-; rkuveiv,
to cut]. A general term for the incision of a mouth,
as of the uterus.

stomatomy (stom-at'-o-me) [stoma; ro/xri, a cutting].
Incision of the os uteri.

stomatomycosis (stom-at-o-mi-ko' -sis) [stomato-;
mycosis]. A disease of the mouth due to fungi,
especially Oidium albicans.

stomatonecrosis, stomatonoma (stom-at-o-ne-kro' -
sis, stom-at-on' -o-mah) . See cancrum oris.

stomatopathy (stom-at-op'-ath-e) [stomato-; iraBos,
disease]. Any disease of the mouth.

stomatoplasty (sto'-mat-o-plas-te) [stomato-; 7rXd«r-
aeiv, to form]. A plastic operation upon the mouth.

stomatopoiesis (sto-mat-o-poi-e'-sis) . See stomato-
plasty.

stomatoplastic (sto-mat-o-plas'-tik). Pertaining to
stomatoplasty.

stomatorrhagia (sto-mat-or-a'-je-ah) [stomato-; pvy-
jwcu, to burst forth]. Copious hemorrhage from the
mouth.

stomatoscope (slom'-at-o-skop) [stomato-; oko-kzLv,
to inspect]. An instrument for inspecting the
cavity of the mouth.

stomato sis {sto-mat-o' -sis) [arop-a, mouth]. Disease
of the mouth.

stomatosyrinx (sto-mat-o-sir'-ingks) [stomato-;
<rvpiy£, a tube]. The Eustachian tube.

stomatotomy (sto-mal-ot'-o-me) [stomato-; tout], a
cutting]. Incision of the os uteri.

stomatotyphus (sto-mat-o-ti'-fus) [stomato-; typhus],
A form of typhus in which the beginning lesions are
found in the mouth.

stomenorrhagia (sto-men-or-a'-je-ah) [arbpa, mouth;
Menorrhagia], Vicarious menstruation from the
mouth.

stomocephalus (stom-o-sef'-al-us) [stoma; k^oKti,
head]. A variety of monster in which there is the
same deformity as in rhinocephalus or in cyclo-
cephalus, associated with a defect of the maxillary
bones, so that the skin hangs in folds around the
mouth.

stomodasal (sto-mo-de'-al) [aropa, mouth; 68aZos,
by the way]. Having the character of a stomodaeum.

stomodaeum (stom-o-de'-um) [stoma; oSalos, by the
way]. The primitive oral cavity of the embryo,
formed by a depression of the ectoderm and after-
ward forming the mouth and upper part of the
pharynx.

stomoschisis (sto-mos'-kis-is) [crropa, mouth; <rxiVis,
fissure]. Fissure of the mouth, particularly of the
soft palate.

Stomoxys calcitrans (sto-moks'-is kal'-sit-ranz).
The common stable fly which, by its bite, is believed
to spread trypanosomes.

stone. A hardened mass of mineral matter. See
calculus, s., blue, copper sulphate crystals, s.,
gall-, a biliary calculus; see gall-stone.

stool. The evacuation of the bowels, s.s, acholic,
i. Light gray or clay-colored stools having the
consistence of putty, which follow stoppage of the
flow of bile into the duodenum. The color is due to
the presence of the normal urobilin. The stools
show, under the microscope, an abnormal amount of
fat. This form of acholic stool is accompanied by
icterus and choluria. 2. Stools of the same color may
occur in the absence of interference with the flow of
bile, but when the stool contains an excessively large
amount of fat and fatty acids, ss., bilious, the dis-
charge is bilious diarrhea, as after large doses
of calomel, ss., caddy, yellow-fever stools which
resemble fine, dark, sandy mud. ss., fatty, stools
in which fat is present; due to pancreatic disease.
s., insulated, in electricity, a stool provided with in-
sulated legs, s.s, lead-pencil, fecal discharges of a
very small caliber. They occur independent of any
general nervousness or local intestinal spasm, and
cannot be regarded as evidence of stricture or steno-
sis of the colon, ss., mucous, stools containing mu-
cus. They indicate the existence of intestinal in-
flammation, ss., pea-soup, the peculiar liquid evac-
uation of typhoid fever, ss., rice-water, the stools
of cholera, in which there is a copious serous exuda-
tion containing detached epithelium, s.s, Schafkoth,

see s.s, sheep-dung, s.s, sheep-dung, the small round
fecal masses (similar to the dung of sheep) due to
atony of the intestine; this form of passage may occur
in the socalled "starvation" or "hunger" evacuation
which is found in cases of inanition, e. g., after car-
cinomatous cachexia when the intestine becomes
very much contracted, s.-sieve of Boas, an ap-
paratus by means of which leces may be thoroughly
and conveniently washed, so that undigested remains
of food, bits of mucus, concretions, and parasites are
readily seen and isolated.

stop [ME., stoppen, to stop]. To plug up; to hold
back; to hinder, s.-cock, a turning cock, connected
with a pipe, for regulating the flow of gases or liquids.
s.-needle, a lance-pointed needle used in the oper-
ation of discission, having an enlargement or shoulder
upon the shank to prevent too deep penetration.

stoppage (stop'-aj) [ME., stoppen, to stop]. Ces-
sation of flow or action; closure or stegnosis.

stopper, stopple (stop'-er, stop'-l) [ME., stoppen, to
stop]. A plug or other closure for a bottle, commonly
made of cork, rubber, or glass, s.-dropper, a com-
bination of stopper and medicine pipet in one piece.

stopping (stop'-ing). See filling.

storax (sto'-raks). See styrax.

storesin (sto-rez'-in) [storax]. An amorphous resin
forming the largest ingredient of storax.

Stoughton's elixir (stou'-ton). Tinctura absinthii
composita; a tincture of wormwood, germander,
gentian, rhubarb, orange-peel, cascarilla, and aloes;
used as a flavor in alcoholic drinks and as a general
tonic.

stout (stowf). 1. Hardy, sturdy, corpulent. 2.
A heavy beer or porter.

stovaine (sto-van'), C14H21NO2HCI. Amylene hy-
drochloride. A local anesthetic, also used in spinal
anesthesia.

stovainization (sto-va-ni-za'-shun). The production
of local anesthesia by the subarachnoid injection of
stovaine.

strabilismus (strab-il-iz'-mus). See strabismus.

strabism (strab'-izm). See strabismus.

strabismal, strabismic (strab-iz'-mal, strab-iz'-mik)
[strabismus]. Relating to strabismus.

strabismometer (strab-iz-mom'-et-er). See slra-
bometer.

strabismometry (strab-iz-mom'-et-re) [strabismus ;
fierpov, measure]. The measurement of the degree of
strabismus.

strabismus (strab-iz'-mus) [<rrpa/9io7*6s, from <rrpa-
/36s, crooked]. Squint; that abnormality of the eyes
in which the visual axes do not meet at the desired
objective point, in consequence of incoordinate action
of the external ocular muscles, s., alternating, one
in which either eye fixes alternately, s., bilateral,
same as s., alternating, s., concomitant, one in which
the squinting eye has full range of movement, s.,
convergent, one in which the squinting eye is turned
to the nasal side, s., divergent, one in which the
squinting eye is turned to the temporal side, s.,
external, see 5., divergent, s., Hirschberg's test for,
a rough estimate of the amount of strabismus is
made by observing the position of the corneal reflec-
tion of a candle-flame held one foot in front of the
eye to be tested, the examiner placing his own eye
near the candle and looking just over it. s., internal,
see s., convergent, s., paralytic, due to paralysis of
one or more muscles, s., spastic, due to a spastic
contraction of an ocular muscle, s., sursumvergens,
one in which the visual axis is directed upwards.

strabometer (strab-om'-et-er) [strabismus; pkrpov,
measure]. An instrument for the measurement of
the deviation of the eyes in strabismus.

strabometry (slrab-om'-el-re) [strabismus; pkrpov,
measure]. The determination of the degree of ocular
deviation in strabismus.

straboscopic (slrab'-o-skop'-ik) [strabismus ; crooked;
vKOTTtlv, to see]. Pertaining to the appearance of
objects as seen by one with strabismus, s. disc, an
instrument producing distortion of objects.

strabotome (slrab'-o-tom) [strabismus; rkpvtiv, to
cut]. A knife used in strabotomy.

strabotomy (slrab-ol'-o-me) [see strabotome]. An
operation for the correction of strabismus.

Strachan's disease (strorn) [William Henry Wil-
liams Slrachan, English physician]. Pellagra.

strain (stran) [OF., estraindre, from L., stringer e, to
draw tight]. 1. Excessive stretching; overuse of a
part. 2. The condition produced in a part by over-
use or wrong use, as eyestrain. 3. To overexert; to

STRAINER

846

STREPTOANGINA

use to excess; to make violent efforts. 4. A sub-
variety of any domestic animal, often locally called
breed. 5. In pharmacy, to separate insoluble sub-
stances from the liquid in which they occur; to
filter.

strainer (stra'-ner). In pharmacy, a sieve for
filtration.

strait (strat) [Fr., etroit, from strictus, drawn tight].
A narrow or constricted passage, as the inferior or
superior strait of the pelvis, s., inferior (of the pelvis),
see under pelvis (3). s.-jacket, a strong jacket placed
on the insane or delirious to prevent injury to them-
selves or to others, s., superior (of the pelvis), see
under pelvis (3). s.-waistcoat, see s.-jacket.

stramonium (stra-mo'-ne-um). The thorn-apple.
The stramonium of the U. S. P. is the dried leaves of
Datura stramonium, Jamestown weed or jimson-weed,
a plant of the order Solanacece. It contains two al-
kaloids, daturine, identical with atropine, and hyo-
scyamine. The action of stramonium resembles that
of belladonna. It is used in asthma, dysmenorrhea,
neuralgia, rheumatism, and pains of syphilitic origin.
In asthma the leaves may be smoked in a tobacco
pipe. Locally stramonium is employed as an oint-
ment or cataplasm in irritable ulcers and inflamed
surfaces, s., extract of (extractum stramonii, U. S.
P.). Dose \ gr. (0.0 1 Gm.). s., fluidextract of
(fluidextr actum stramonii, U. S. P.). Dose 1 min.
(0.05 Co), s. ointment (unguentum stramonii, U.
S. P.), an ointment made of stramonium extract,
diluted alcohol, hydrous wool-fat, and benzoinated
lard, s., tincture of (tinctura stramonii, U. S. P.).
Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc).

strangalesthesia, strangalaesthesia, (stran-gal-es-
the'-ze-ah). See zonesthesia.

strangles (strang'-lz) [arpayyaKt), a halter]. An
infectious catarrh of the upper air-passages especially
of the nasal cavity, of the horse, ass, and mule, as-
sociated with suppuration of the submaxillary and
other lymphatic glands.

strangling. See strangulation.

strangulated (strong' -gil-la-ted). 1. Choked. 2.
Compressed so that the circulation is arrested, as
strangulated hernia.

strangulation (strang-gu-la'-shun) [strangulare, to
choke]. 1. The act of choking. 2. Constriction of a
part producing arrest of the circulation, as strangu-
lation of a hernia.

strangury (strong' -gu-re) [arpayi-, a drop; ovpov,
urine]. Painful urination, the urine being voided
drop by drop.

strap. 1. A long band, as of adhesive plaster. 2.
To compress a part by means of bands, especially
bands of adhesive plaster.

Strasburger's cell-plate [Edward Strasburger, Ger-
man histologist, 1844- ]. The equatorial plate in
which division of the nucleus occurs during kary-
okinesis.

Strassburg's test for bile-acids (strahs'-boorg) [Gus-
tav Adolf Strassburg, German physiologist, 1848- ].
Dip filter-paper into urine to which cane-sugar has
been added; dry it, and apply a drop of sulphuric
acid. In the presence of bile-acids a red coloration
will be shown on the paper. For this test the liquid
must be free from albumin.

stratification (sir at-e-fik-a' -shun) [stratum; facer e, to
make]. Arrangement in layers.

stratified (strat'-e-fid) [see stratification]. Arran-
ged in layers.

stratiform (strat'-e-form) [stratum; forma, form J.
Formed into a layer, s. fibrocartilage, fibrocartilage
lining bony grooves through which the tendons of
muscles pass.

stratum (stra'-tum) [L., from sterner e, to strew |. A
layer, s. albocinereum, the alternate white and gray
matter of the corpus striatum, s. bacillatum, s. bacil-
losum, s. bacillorum, the bacillary layer, the layer of
rods and cones of the retina, s. choriocapillare, see
tunica ruyschiana. s. cinereum, the most superficial
layer of the cortex of the cerebellum, also of the an-
terior lobes of the corpora quadrigemina and of the
floor of the fourth ventricle, s. corneum, s. gran-
ulosum, s. lucidum, s. Malpighii, see under skin.
s. corticale, see cortex (3). s. cutaneum, the
outer dermic Jayer of the tympanic membrane.
s. cylindrorum, the bacillary layer of the retina, s.
episclerata, the part of Tenon's capsule on the scle-
rotic coat. s. epitrichiale, see epitrichium. s. gel-
atinosum, the fourth layer in the olfactory bulb,
composed of large ganglion-cells with branched pro-

cesses. Syn., ganglion-cell layer, s. glomerulorum,
the layer of the olfactory lobe (the second from the
ventral side) containing the olfactory glomerules.
s. granulosum, a layer of minute cells or one of cells
containing many granules. 1. The external granular
layer of the retina. 2. Meynert's name for the layer
of small, irregular cells composing the fourth stratum
of the cortex in the five-stratum type. 3. The layer
of the olfactory lobe lying between the medullary
ring and the stratum gelatinosum. 4. The layer of
the epidermis covering the rete mucosum. 5. A his-
tological appearance in that portion of the dentin im-
mediately underlying the enamel and cementum of a
tooth, s. griseum centrale, see entocinerea. s. la-
cunosum, the inner portion of the fifth or outer layer
of the hippocampus, s. lucidum, a translucent layer
of the epidermis consisting of irregular transparent
cells with traces of a nucleus, s. moleculare, see
layer, molecular, s. mucosum, see rete mucosum. s.
nerveum of Henle, the layers of the retina exclusive
of the rods and cones. Syn., Bruecke's tunica nervea.
s. oriens, the third layer, counting from within out-
ward, of the hippocampus, s. nucleare, that part of
the gray matter of the medulla forming the floor of
the fourth ventricle, s. proligerum, the discus pro-
ligerus and cumulus proligerus regarded as one. Syn.,
membrana cumuli, s. reticulatum, Arnold's, the net-
work formed by the fibers connecting the occipital
lobe with the thalamus before they enter the latter,
s. spinosum, see prickle-layer. Consecutive hyper-
trophy of this layer constitutes* acanthosis, s. vas-
culosum, see tunica vasculosa. s. vasculosum cutis,
the subpapillary layer of the derma; the part of the
corium immediately below the papillae, s. zonale,
the superficial portion of the fifth or outer layer of the
hippocampus.

Straus' sign (slrows) [Isidore Straus, French phy-
sician, 1845-1006]. In facial paralysis from a cen-
tral cause the hypodermatic injection of pilocarpine
causes no appreciable difference in the perspiration of
the two sides, either as to time of quantity, whereas
there is a marked retardation of the secretion on the
affected side in severe peripheral paralysis, s.'s re-
action. The injection of material containing the
bacillus of glanders into the abdominal cavity of a
male guineapig is followed in a few days by a char-
acteristic, generally purulent, inflammation of the
testes.

Strauss's sign (strows) [Hermann Strauss, German
physician, 1868- ]. The administration of fatty
food by the mouth causes an increase in the amount
of fatty constituents in the effusion of chylous ascites.

strawberry-marks. Same as mother's marks, q. v.

strawberry-tongue. The characteristic tongue of
scarlatina, in which the vessels of the fungiform papil-
lae become turgid, causing the papillae to stand out
as red points, in marked contrast with the thick coat-
ing of fur on the filiform papillae.

streak (strek). A furrow, line, or stripe, s., cul-
ture, a bacterial culture in streaks, s.s, Knapp's
angioid, pigment streaks appearing occasionally in
the retina after hemorrhage, s., medullary, see
medullary groove, s., meningitic, see tache cerebrate.
s., primitive, an opaque band extending some dis-
tance forward from the posterior margin of the area
pellucida, and forming the first noticeable sign of the
development of the blastoderm, s., reflex, a shining
white streak running along the center of the vessels
in the retina. It is due to the reflection of the light
from the anterior surface of the column of blood.

stream (strem) [ME., streem]. To flow; applied to
movement in protoplasm and in blood corpuscles.

stremma (strem' -ah) [trrpkufia, a sprain twist]. A
sprain.

strengthening plaster. Emplastrum roborans or
iron-plaster.

strephotome (stref'-o-tom) [<TTpk<f>eiv, to twist; rkfiveiv,
to cut]. An instrument shaped like a corkscrew,
formerly used to secure union in the operation for
the radical cure of hernia.

strepitus (strep' -it-us) [L., noise]. A sound, a noise,
s. aurium, see tinnitus aurium. s. coriaceous, an
auscultatory sound resembling the creaking of lea-
ther, s. uteri, see souffle, uterine, s. uterinus, the
uterine bruit, q. v.

strepto- (strep-to-) [trrpeirTos, twisted]. A prefix
signifying twisted.

streptoangina (strep-to-an'-jin-ah). A pseudo-
membranous deposit in the throat due to strepto-
cocci (J. E. Walsh). Cf. diphtheroid (2).

STREPTOBACILLUS

847

STROKE

streptobacillus (strep-to-bas-il'-us) . A bacillus form-
ing twisted chains.

streptobacteria (strep-to-bak-te'-re-ah) [strepto- ;
PaKT-qpiov, bacterium]. Short, rod-shaped bacteria
forming chains.

streptococcal, streptococcic, streptococcous (strep-
to-kok'-al, -ik, -us). Relating to or due to strepto-
cocci.

streptococcemia, streptococcaemia (strep-to-kok-se'-
me-ah) [streptococcus; alfia, blood]. The presence of
streptococci in the blood.

streptococcolysin, streptocolysin (strep-to-kok-ol'-is-
in, strep-to-koV -is-in) [streptococcus ; \veiv, to loosen].
A hemolysin produced in cultures of streptococci.

Streptococcus (strep-to-kok'-us) [strepto-; kokkos, a
kernel]. A genus of schizomycetes of which the cocci
are arranged in strings. See micrococci, table of. s.-
angina, angina due to streptococci, s.-curve, the
remitting temperature-curve in hectic fever, supposed
to depend upon the streptococcus (Petruschky).

streptocolysin (strep-to-koV -is-in) [streptococcus;
Xiiew, to loose]. A hemolysin produced in cultures of
streptococci.

streptocosis (slrep-to-ko'-sis). Infection by strep-
tococci.

streptocyte (strep' -to-sit) [strepto-; kvtos, cell]. A
cell presenting a twisted appearance or occurring
with others in twisted chains; a streptococcus.

streptomycosis (strep-to-mi-ko'-sis) [streptococcus ;
hvktis, fungus]. Infection with streptococci.

Streptopus (strep' -to-pus) [strepto-; irovs, foot].
Twisted stalk, a genus of liliaceous plants. 5. dis-
tortus is indigenous to Europe and America, and is
used in infusion as a gargle.

streptosepticemia, streptosepticasmia (strep-to-sep-
tis-e'-me-ah). Septicemia due to invasion of strep-
tococci.

streptothrical (strep-to-thrik'-al). Relating to or
due to members of the genus Streptothrix.

streptothricosis (strep-to-thrik-o'-sis). Infection
with streptothrix.

Streptothrix (strep'-to-thriks). A class of schizo-
mycetes.

stretch. To draw out to full length, s.-walk, a
position in walking for physical development, with
the arms stretched upward.

stretcher (stretsh'-er). A cot litter for carrying the
sick.

stria (stri'-ah) [L., a streak: pi., stria], s. cornea,
a narrow white streak interpolated between the thal-
amus and the caudatum on the ventricular floor. A
streak or white line. s. medullaris, a band of white
matter adjacent to the taenia thalami (Barker), s.
medullaris thalami, an oblique furrow on the superior
aspect of the thalamus, s., pineal, the habena or
habenula. s. terminalis, taenia semicircularis. s.
vascularis, the vascular upper part of the spiral lig-
ament of the scala media.

striae (stri'-e) [L., pi. of stria], s. acusticae trans-
verse white lines on the lower part of the floor of the
fourth ventricle, which unite with the auditory nerve-
roots, s. atrophicae, whitish, cicatricial lines of the
skin caused by the contractions of skin that have been
stretched by fat, pregnancy, etc. s. gravidarum, the
atrophic striae observed upon the abdomen in pregnant
women, s. longitudinales, long, slightly elevated
lines on the upper surface of the corpus callosum. s.
medullares, see 5. acusticce. s. musculares, the trans-
verse markings of striated muscles, s. Schreger's,
Schreger's lines, q. v.

striate, striated (stri'-dt, stri'-a-ted) [stria]. Striped,
s. body, the corpus striatum, s. muscle, see under
muscle, and muscular tissue.

striatum (stri-a'-shun) [stria], i. The state of
being striated. 2. A striated structure, s., tabby-
cat, see tabby-cat striation.

striatum, i. See stratum. 2. The corpus striatum,
s. oriens, see stratum oriens.

stricture (strik'-tur) [slrictura, from stringere, to
draw tight]. A narrowing of a canal from external
pressure, or as a result of inflammatory or other
changes in its walls, s., annular, a ring-like obstruc-
tion produced by a fold of mucous membrane or
constriction all around the urethra, gut, etc. s.,
bridle, a fold of mucous membrane forming a cres-
centic obstruction, or perforated in its center; called,
also, s., linear, s., pack-thread, s., valvular, and 5.,
hour-glass, according to the peculiar appearances.
s., cicatricial, a stricture due to cicatricial tissue.
s., congestive, a temporary obstruction of the urethra

from subacute prostatitis or other passing inflamma-
tion, s.-cutter, an instrument for dividing a stric-
ture, s.-fever, the constitutional disturbances
sometimes the result of acute stricture, s., function-
al, see s., spasmodic, s., impermeable, or s., im-
passable, one not permitting the passage of a bougie
or catheter, s., irregular, or s., tortuous, so named
from the complications or peculiarities, s., irritable,
one in which the passage of the instrument causes
great pain, s., organic, narrowing of a canal due to
tissue-change, to deposits, or to pressure from with-
out, s., permeable or passable, one permitting the
passage of an instrument, s., recurrent or con-
tractile, one in which the constriction returns after
dilatation, s., simple, one that produces no inter-
ruption of function, pain, etc. s., spasmodic, a
stricture due to muscular spasm and not to organic
change.

stricturotome (strik'-tu-ro-tom) [stricture; rkuveiv, to
cut]. An instrument for dividing a stricture.

stricturotomy (strik-tu-rot'-o-me) [see stricturo-
tome]. The operation of incising a stricture.

stridor (stri'-dor) [stridere, to make a creaking
sound]. A peculiar, harsh, vibrating sound produced
during expiration, s. dentium, grinding of the teeth.
s., inspiratory, the sound heard in inspiration through
a spasmodically closed glottis, s., laryngeal, stridor
due to laryngeal stenosis, s., laryngeal, congenital.
Respiratory croaking (in babies), s. serraticus, a
sound like that of sharpening a saw, sometimes pro-
duced by expiration through a tracheotomy-tube.

stridulous (strid'-u-lus) [stridor]. Characterized by
stridor, s. laryngismus, see laryngismus stridulus.

stringent (strin'-jent) [stringere, to bind]. Binding.

string-galvanometer. Same as electrocardio-
graph, q. v.

stringhalt (string' -hawlt) [a corruption of spring-
halt]. A popular name for a nervous affection mani-
fested in involuntary, convulsive movements of one
or both hind legs of a horse. See springhalt.

striocellular (slri-o-sel'-u-lar) . Relating to or com-
posed of striated muscle-fiber and cells.

stripe (strip) [ME., stripe, a stripe]. A streak; a
discolored mark.

stripping (strip' -ing) [ME., stripen, to rob]. Un-
covering; unsheathing. In the plural, the last and
richest milk given at any one milking; so called be-
cause it is slowly removed by the milker, who strips
the teats between the fingers, s. of the pleura, re-
moval of the lining membrane of the thorax of an
animal used for food, to remove the traces of pleurisy
and of tuberculosis.

strobic (strob'-ik) [arpofios, a top]. Resembling or
pertaining to a top. s. discs, discs drawn with con-
centric circles, so as to produce an illusory impression
as if they were revolving.

strobila (strob-i'-lah) [<rrp6/3iXoy, a pine-cone: pi.,
strobiles], i. A form of development occurring in the
cnidaria and cestoda, in which the products of asex-
ual generation by a sort of fission remain attached to
the proliferating organism or to each other. 2. A
name given to a tape-worm as a whole, s., monodisc,
the simplest form of strobilation, in which the disc
(scyphistoma) separates from its peduncle, s., poly-
disc, that form in which successively formed discs
remain attached.

strobilation (strob-il-a'-shun) [arpbfiChos, a pine-
cone]. The formation of zooids, discs or joints by
metameric division, gemmation, or fission.

strobile (strob'-il) [orpo/SiXos, a pine-cone], i. A
multiple fruit in which the seeds are enclosed by prom-
inent scales, as a pine-cone. 2. A strobila.

strobiloid (stro'-bil-oid) [trrpo/SiXos, a pine-cone;
elSos, like]. Like a strobile.

strobilus (stro-bi'-lus) [strobilus, a pine-cone]. The
tape-worm.

stroboscope (stro'-bo-skop) [<rrp6j8os, a twisting;
(TKowtlv, to view]. An instrument by which a series
of slightly different pictures presented rapidly in suc-
cession is made to appearas a continuous object in
motion; a zoetrope. s., direct, one in which the fig-
ures and slits revolve in the same direction; a phen-
akistoscope. s., reverse, one in which the figures and
slits revolve in opposite directions; a dedalum.

stroboscopic (strob-o-skop'-ik) [stroboscope]. Per-
taining to the stroboscope.

strobostereoscope (stro-bo-ster'-e-o-skop). See ster-
eostroboscope.

stroke (strok). i. In pathology, a sudden and
severe seizure or fit of disease. 2. A popular term for

STROMA

848

STRYCHNINE

apoplexy. 3. To pass the hands gently over the body,
s., apoplectic, see apoplexy, s., back, of the heart,
the supposed "reaction-impulse," or recoil of the
ventricles at the moment the blood is discharged into
the aorta, s., heat, see hyperpyrexia, s., paralytic,
sudden loss of muscular power from lesion of the brain
or spinal cord.

stroma (stro'-mah) [arpQ/ia, a bed]. The tissue
forming the framework for the essential part of an
organ, s., cancer, the fibrous-tissue element of a
cancer.

stroma fibrin. Landois' term for fibrin formed di-
rectly from stroma, as distinguished from plasma-
fibrin or that formed in the usual way. s.-plexus, a
plexus of axis-cylinders formed by the corneal nerves.

stromatic (stro-mat'-ik). Resembling a stroma.

stromatolysis (stro-mat-ol'-is-is) [stroma; \veiv, to
loosen]. A dissolution of the stroma or surrounding
membrane of a cell, without the cell body being
affected.

strombodes jenneri (strom-bo'-dez jen'-er-i). A
name proposed by Sjobring for the microorganism of
vaccinia.

Stromeyer's cephalhematocele {stro'-mi-er) [Georg
Friedrich Louis Stromeyer, German surgeon, 1804-
1876]. Subperiosteal cephalhematoma communi-
cating with veins and becoming tensely filled during
strong expiratory efforts. S.'s splint, one used to
prevent stiffness of the joints in case of fracture. It
consists of two hinged parts that can be fixed at any
angle.

stromuhr (stro'-moor) [Ger.]. An instrument for
measuring the velocity of blood-flow.

strongylosis (stron-jil-o'-sis) . Infection with worms
of the genus Strongylus.

Strongylus (stron'-jil-us) [arpoyyvKos, round]. A
genus of nematode worms found in the lower animals,
and occasionally in man.

strontia (stron'-she-ah). Strontium oxide.

strontium (stron'<-she-um) [Strontian, a town in Scot-
land]. A metallic element belonging to the group of
alkaline earths. It has a specific gravity of 2.5, an
atomic weight of 87.63, and a valence of two. Sym-
bol Sr. s. acetate, 2Sr(C2Hs02)2 + H2O, a white crys-
talline powder, soluble in water, used as an anthel-
mintic. Dose i-f gr. (0.016-0.05 Gm.). s. arsen-
ate, Sr (As02)2+4H20, a white powder, soluble in
water, used as an alterative and tonic in skin diseases
and malarial conditions. Dose -fa— ft Sr- (0.002-
0.004 Gm.). s. bromide (strontii bromidum, U. S. P.),
SrBr2.6H.2O, has been used in epilepsy, diabetes, gas-
trectasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lithemia. Dose
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). s. and caffeine sulphonate,
(C8H9N402.S03)2Sr, soluble in water, used as a diu-
retic. Syn., symphorol strontium, s. glycerinophos-
phate, a white powder, soluble in water, containing
26-27% of phosphoric acid. s. iodide {strontii io-
didum, U. S. P.), Srl2.6H20, is used like the other
oxides, s. lactate, Sr(C3H&03)2.3H20, is used in ne-
phritis, albuminuria, rheumatism, and gout. Dose 10-
30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). s. loretinate (basic), Sr. I.-
O.C9H4N.SO3, fine, bright needles, slightly soluble
in water, decomposed at 3000 C. s. loretinate (nor-
mal), Sr(I.OH.C9H4N.S03)2.H20, orange-red, pris-
matic crystals, sparingly soluble in water, s. oxide,
strontia, SrO, strontium combined with oxygen, s.
phosphate, Sr3(P04)2, a white powder, devoid of taste,
soluble in acids; used as a nutritive and tonic. Dose
10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). s. salicylate {strontii sal-
icylas, U. S. P.), Sr(C7H603)22H20, white crystals,
soluble in water; used in gout, chorea, etc. Dose 10-
40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.).

strophanthin (strof-an' -thin) [strophanthus] Stroph-
anlhinum (U. S. P.), C20H34O10. A toxic glucoside,
soluble in water and alcohol, derived from strophan-
thus. Dose fax>-fais 8r- (0.0002-0.0003 Gm.). s.
tannate, a yellowish, amorphous powder containing
59% of strophanthin, soluble in water; used as a
heart tonic. Dose rks—fa gr. (0.0004-0.001) Gm.

Strophanthus (strof-an' -thus) [arpocfros, a twisted
band; avdos, flower]. A genus of plants of the order
Apocynacece, some of the species of which are used
for the preparation of arrow-poison in Africa. The
strophanthus of the U. S. P. is the ripe seed of S.
kombe; it contains a crystalline glucoside, strophan-
thin, and an alkaloid, ineine. Strophanthus is a mus-
cle-poison, but in small doses is a cardiac and perhaps
a vascular stimulant. It is used in the same cases as
digitalis, s., tincture of (tinctura strophanthi, U. S.
P., B. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc).

strophantism (stro-fan'-tizm) . Poisoning from stro-
phanthin; the symptoms resemble those of digitalism.

strophium (strof'-e-um) [<rTp6<j>os, a cord]. A ban-
dage.

strophocephalus (strof-o-sef'-al-us) [<TTp6<f>os, twist-
ed; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. A monster having displacement
of the parts forming the head and face.

strophocephaly (strof-o-sef-al-e) [strophocephalus].
Distortion of the head; the condition of having a dis-
torted head.

strophulus (strof'-u-lus) [<rrp6<£os, a twisted band].
A form of miliaria occurring in infants. Syn., red
gum; tooth-rash. s. albidus, same as milium, s.
confertus, see s. intertinctus. s. infantum, an urti-
carial disease of infants, s. intertinctus, a popular
dermatitis of more or less acute form, a variety of
eczema common in infants, s. puriginosus, an erup-
tion occurring in children, and characterized by dis-
seminated, intensely itching papules, s. volaticus,
an acute skin disease, a typical erythema papulatum,
characterized by slight maculae.

structural (struk'-tii-ral) [structura, structure]. Per-
taining to or affecting the structure.

structure (struk'-tur) [structura; struere, to build].
The manner or method of the building up, arrange-
ment, and formation of the different tissues and or-
gans of the body or of a complete organism. Also, an
organ, a part, or a complete organic body.

Struempell's disease (strum' -pel) [Adolf von Struem-
pell, German physician, 1853- ]• 1. Polienceph-
alitis. 2. Chronic ankylosing inflammation of the
vertebral column. S.'s type of spastic paralysis, the
hereditary, familiar form of spastic spinal paralysis.

Struempell-Leichtenstern's disease (strum'-pel-
lik' -ten-stern). Acute encephalitis of infancy.

struma (stroo'-mah) [L.]. 1. Scrofula. 2. Goiter,
s. aberrate, a goiter of an accessory thyroid gland,
s. maligna, carcinoma of the thyroid gland, s. supra-
renalis, a peculiar fatty tumor of the suprarenal
bodies, strumas lipomatodes aberratae renis, Gra-
witz's term for a group of new-growths of kidney,
usually benign, but, at times, serving, as the foci of
origin of malignant tumors. Regarded by some
pathologists as endotheliomata, by others as adrenal
rests (cf. under rest).

strumectomy (stroo-mek'-io-me) [struma; i/crow, ex-
cision]. Excision of an enlarged or strumous gland,
or of a goiter.

strumiform (stroo'-mif-orm) [struma; forma, form].
Having the appearance of struma.

strumiprival, strumpirivous (stroo-mi-pri'-val, -vus)
[struma; privare, to deprive]. Deprived of the thy-
roid; due to removal of the thyroid; thyroprival.

strumitis (stroo-mi'-tis) [struma; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of a goitrous thyroid gland.

strumoderma, strumoderm (stroo-mo-der'-mah,
str 00' -mo-derm) . See scrofuloderma.

strumose (stroo'-mos) [struma]. Swollen on one
side ; possessing a wen-like protuberance.

strumosis (stroo-mo'-sis). See strumositas.

strumositas (stroo-mos'-it-as) [struma]. The tend-
ency toward, or diathesis of, goiter or of scrofula.

strumous (stroo'-mus) [struma]. 1 Scrofulous. 2.
Goitrous.

Struve's test for blood in urine (stroo'-veh) [Heinrich
Struve, German physician]. To the urine, pre-
viously treated with ammonia or caustic potash,
add tannin and acetic acid until the mixture has an
acid reaction. In the presence of blood a dark pre-
cipitate is formed. When this is filtered and dried,
the hemin crystals may be obtained from the dry
residue by adding ammonium chloride and glacial
acetic acid.

strychnia (strik'-ne-ah). Same as strychnine.

strychnine, strychnina (strik'-nen, strik-ni'-nah)
[see strychnos]. Strychnina (U. S. P.), C21H22N2O2.
One of the alkaloids of nux vomica. Dose -fa-fa gr.
(0. 001 1-0.0033 Gm.); hypodermatically in chronic
alcoholism, fa- fa gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.). s. acetate,
C21H22N2O2.C2H4O2, small white crystals, soluble in
96 parts of water. Use and doses the same as the
alkaloid, s. arsenate, C21H22N2O2.AS2O5, a white,
crystalline powder with bitter taste, soluble in 14 parts
of cold water, 5 parts of hot water. It is used as a
tonic and alterative in tuberculosis, malaria, etc.
Dose fa-fa gr- (0.001-0.004 Gm.); hypodermatically,
0.5% in liquid paraffin; of this 4-15 min. (0.25-0.9
Cc.) daily, s. arsenite, (C2iH22N202)2As203, a white
crystalline powder, soluble in 10 parts of boiling wa-
ter. It is tonic, alterative, and antiperiodic. Dose

STRYCHNINISM

849

STYLOMAXILLARY

sVts gr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.) ; subcutaneous dose 4-15
drops of a 0.5% solution in liqud paraffin, s. bisac-
charinate, s.-diorthosulphamin-benzoate, used as is
the arsenite. s. camphorate, C21H22N2O2.C10H16O4,
small white crystals or crystalline^ powder soluble in
water, used as is the alkaloid, s. citrate, C21H22N2O2.-
C6H8O7, white crystals, soluble in water; usage and
dosage the same as the alkaloid, s. ferricitrate, iron
and strychnine citrate, s. hydride, obtained by the
action of metallic sodium on strychnine in a boiling
alcoholic solution and differing in physiological action
from strychnine, it may, therefore, be used as a phys-
iological antidote in strychnine poisoning, s. hydro-
bromide, C2iH22N202.HBr, white acicular crystals,
soluble in 32 parts of water, used as a tonic and se-
dative. Dose ^-tV gr- (0.002-0.005 Gm.). s.
hydrochloride, C21H22N2O2.HCI+3H2O, white needles,
soluble in 50 parts of water at 220 C. Usage and
doses the same as the alkaloid, s. hydroiodide,
C21H22N2O2.HIO3, white crystals, soluble in water.
Used as is the alkaloid, s. hypophosphite, a white
powder, used as a tonic in tuberculosis. Dose ^7^
gr. (0.002-0.005 Gm.). s. with iron and quinine
citrate, iron and quinine citrate with strychnine;
greenish-brown, transparent scales, soluble in water,
and containing 3-4% of pure strychnine. It is tonic
and antiperiodic. Dose 3-7 gr- (0.2-0.45 Gm.). s.
lactate, C21H22N2O2.C3H6O3, a white, crystalline pow-
der, soluble in water. Usage and dosage the same as
the alkaloid, s. nitrate (strychnines niiras, U. S. P.),
C21H22N2O2.NHO3, silky needles, soluble in 50 parts
of water, 60 parts of alcohol, or 2 parts of boiling
water or alcohol. Usage and dosage the same as the
alkaloid, s. oleate, a mixture of strychnine in oleic
acid, soluble in ether and oleic acid; it is used in the
external administration of strychnine, s.-orthosul-
phamin-benzoate, see s. saccharinate. s. phenol-
sulphate, see s. sulphocarbolate. s. phosphate, (C21-
H22N202)2H3PO« +9H2O, a white, crystalline powder,
soluble in water. Usage and dosage the same as the
alkaloid, s. saccharinate, C2iH22N202.C6H4(S02) (C-
0)NH, a true salt of strychnine and saccharin; a
white sweet powder, used in all cases where the alka-
loid is indicated in doses one-third larger, s. sali-
cylate, C21H22N2O2.C7H6O3, a white powder, soluble
in water, recommended in rheumatism and chorea.
Dose about the same as the alkaloid, s. sulphate
(strychnine sulphas, U S. P.), (C2iH22N202)2.H2S04-
+5H2O, white, odorless, very bitter prisms, which
effloresce in dry air; soluble in 50 parts of water, 109
parts of alcohol, 2 parts of boiling water, or 8.5 parts
of boiling alcohol; melt at 2000 C. The action differs
but slightly from the alkaloid. Dose ^-^ gr.
(0.002-0.005 Gm.). s. sulphocarbolate, s. sulpho-
phenate, a white crystalline powder, soluble in water
or alcohol, s. and zinc hydroiodide, C21H22N2O2.-
Hl.Znh, small white crystals, soluble in water.

strychninism (strik'-nin-izm) [strychnine]. The
state of being under the influence of strychnine.

strychninization (strik-nin-iz-a'-shun) [strychnine].
The condition produced by large doses of strychnine
or nux vomica.

strychninomania (strik-nin-o-ma'-ne-ah) [strych-
nine; /icwia, madness]. Delirium from the use of
strychnine or nux vomica.

strychnism (strik'-nizm). Same as strychninism.
strychninize, strychnize (strik'-nin-iz, strik'-niz).
To bring under the influence of strychnine.

Strychnos (strik'-nos) [arpvxvos, the nightshade].
A genus of the Loganiacece. S. icaja is found in the
Gaboon region; it contains strychnine in the bark,
leaves and root. From the stem the arrow-poison,
tarfa, toomba, M'boundou, n'caza, icaja, or akanga,
is prepared. The seeds of 5. ignatii (St. Ignatius'
beans) of the Philippines act in the same manner as
nux vomica, but contain more strychnine and less
brucine than it does. 5. potatorum is indigenous to
the East Indies. The seeds, nirmali, chillij, chilbing,
are used largely to clear muddy water. They con-
tain no strychnine or brucine, and are used as a
remedy in diabetes and gonorrhea. The fruit is em-
ployed in dysentery. The bark of 5. pseudoquina, of
South America, contains no poisonous alkaloid, but
a bitter substance, and is used as a substitute for
quinine. S. tieute is a species of Java; from the root-
bark the Javanese arrow-poison, upas radju or
tschetsik, containing 1.5% strychnine and a little bru-
cine, is prepared. The seed and leaves contain 1.4%
of strychnine and only traces of brucine. 5. toxifera,
of Guiana, furnishes curara.

stub-thumb. Abbreviation and clubbing of the
phalanx of the thumb.

student's placenta. A retained placenta from im-
proper manipulation.

Stuetz's test (stilts). See Fuerbringer' s test.

stultitia (stul-tish' -e-ah) [stultus, a fool]. Foolish-
ness; dulness of intellect.

stump. The extremity, pedicle, or basis of the
part left after surgical amputation, excision, or ab-
lation, s. of eyeball, the remainder of the globe after
excision of an anterior staphyloma or after other cap-
ital operation on the globe that deprives it of vision.
s.-foot, synonym of club-foot, s., sugar-loaf, a con-
ical stump due to undue retraction of the muscles;
called, also, conical stump, s. of tooth, that part
remaining after removal or destruction of the corona.

stun [AS., stunian, to make a din]. To render
temporarily insensible, as by a blow.

stupe (stup) [stupa, tow]. A cloth used for apply-
ing heat or counterirritation ; especially a cloth
wrung out of hot water and sprinkled with a counter-
irritant as turpentine-stupe.

stupefacient, stupefactive (stu-pe-fa'-shent, stu-pe-
fak'-tiv) [stupor; facere, to make]. Narcotic.

stupefaction (stu-pe-fak'-shun) [see stupefacient].
Stupor, and the process of reaching it.

stupemania (stu-pe-ma'-ne-ah) [stupor; mania].
Mental stupor with insanity.

stupor (stu'-por) [L.]. The condition of being but
partly conscious or sensible. Also a condition of
insensibility, s., anergic, acute dementia, s., de-
lusional, melancholic dulness of mind, with delusions;
it is sometimes a kind of auto-hypnotism, s., epi-
leptic, s., post-convulsive, the stupor following an
epileptic convulsion, s. formicans, formication, s.,
lethargic, see trance, s. melancholicus, the stupor
found in association with melancholia, s. miliaris,
paresthesia of the fingers and toes in connection with
miliary fever, s. vigilans, catalepsy.

stuporous (stu'-por-us) [stupor]. In a condition of,
or attended with stupor, s. insanity, see insanity,
confusional.

stupration, stuprum (stu-pra'-shun, stu'-prum) [stu-
prum, defilement]. Rape.

sturdy (stur'-de). 1. Vigorous; hardy. 2. See gid
and staggers.

sturin (stu'-rin) [sturio, sturgeon]. A protamine
obtained from the sperm of the sturgeon.

Sturm's focal interval (stoorm) [Johann Chris-
toph Sturm, 1635-1703]. The interval between the
principal focal lines of a cylindrical lens.

stutter (stut'-er) [Ger., stottern, to stutter]. To hesi-
tate or make repeated efforts to articulate a syllable.
Stuttering is a variety of stammering; see stammering.
s. -spasm, see lalophobia.

stuttering (stut'-er-ing) [Icel., stauta, to stutter].
A hesitation in speech due to an inability to enunciate
the syllables without repeated efforts.

sty, stye (sti). See hordeolum, s., Meibomian,
abscess of a Meibomian gland, s., Zeissian, abscess
of one of Zeiss's glands.

style, stylet (stil, sti-let') [<n-DXos, pillar]. 1. A
probe. 2. A wire inserted into a catheter or cannula
in order to stiffen the instrument or to perforate the

styliform (sti'-lif-orm) [stilus, stake; forma, form].
Shaped like a style.

stylo- (sti-lo-) [o-tCAos, pillar]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the styloid process of the temporal bone.

styliscus (sti-lis' -kus) [o-tOXos, a pillar: pi., stylisci],
1. A slender cylindrical talent. 2. In biology, the pas-
sage leading from the stigma to the ovary through the
style.

styloglossal (sti-lo- glos'-al) [stylo-; glossal]. Con-
nected with or relating to the styloid process of the
temporal bone and the tongue.

styloglossus (sti-lo-glos'-us). See under muscle.

stylohyal (sti-lo-hi'-al) [stylo*-; hyoid]. One of the
bones of the hyoid arch of vertebrates.

stylohyoid (sti-lo-hi'-oid) [stylo-; hyoid]. 1. Per-
taining to the styloid process of the temporal bone
and the hyoid bone, as the stylohyoid muscle. See
under muscle. 2. Pertaining to the stylohyoid mus-
cle.

styloid (sti'-loid) [ariiKos, pillar; eldos, like]. Re-
sembling a stylus.

stylomastoid (sti-lo-mas'-toid) [stylo- ; mastoid]. Per-
taining to the styloid and mastoid processes.

stylomaxillary (sli-lo-maks'-il-a-re) [stylo-; maxilla].
Pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.

STYLOPHARYNGEUS

850

SUBCOLLATERAL

stylopharyngeus (sti-lo-far-in-je'-us). See under
muscle.

stylostaphyline (sti-lo-staf'-il-in) [stylo-; staphyle].
Connected with or relating to the styloid process of
the temporal bone and the velum palati.

stylosteophyte (sti-los'-te-o-fit) [stylo-; 4>vtov, plant].
A style-shaped exostosis.

stylostixis (sti-lo-stiks'-is). See acupuncture.

stylus (sti'-lus) [L., "a stake"]. A pointed instru-
ment for making applications. A stylet.

styma (sti'-mah). See priapism.

stymatosis (sti-mat-o'-sis) [a-rvna, stiffness]. A
violent, erection of the penis attended with hemor-
rhage.

stype (stlp or sti-pe) [arvirri, tow]. A tampon or
pledget, especially such as is used in producing local
anesthesia.

styphage, stypage (ste-fahzj, ste-pahzj). The pro-
duction of local anesthesia by an application made
with a stype. s., Bailly's, a revulsive, the applica-
tion of cotton pledgets wet with methyl chloride.

stypsis (stip'-sis) [arvimKos, astringent], i. Con-
stipation. 2. The use of a styptic.

styptase (stip'-tas). Trade name of a styptic said
to contain tannin, hamamelis, calcium chlorate and
fluorides.

styptic (stip'-tik) [vtvittikos, astringent], i. Check-
ing hemorrhage by contracting the blood-vessels. 2.
An agent that checks hemorrhage by causing con-
traction of the blood-vessels.

stypticin (stip'-tis-in). See cotarnine hydrochloride.

stypticity (stip-tis'-it-e) [<ttvittik6s, astringent]. The
quality of being styptic.

styptol (stip'-tol). Cotarnine phthalate; an inter-
nal styptic.

styracin (sti'-ra-sin). See under styrax.

styracol (sti'-ra-kol). Guaiacol cinnamate, C6H4-
(OCH3)CgH702. It is given internally in catarrhal
affections of the digestive tract and in pulmonary
tuberculosis.

styrax (sti'-raks) [arvpa^, storax]. Storax; a bal-
sam obtained from the inner bark of Liquidambar
orientalis, or oriental sweet-gum. It contains a vol-
atile oil, styrol, several resins, an amorphous sub-
stance called storesin, cinnamic acid, and styracin
(the cinnamate of cinnamyl). It is stimulant, ex-
pectorant, and antiseptic, acting like benzoin and
tolu, and is used in bronchial affections and catarrh
of the urinary passages. Externally it is an antisep-
tic and parasiticide. It is a constituent of friars'
balsam. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.).

styrene (sti'-ren) [<Trvpa£, storax]. C9H10O. Sty-
ryl alcohol, cinnamyl-alcohol ; a substance obtained
by saponifying styracin, its cinnamic ester, with
potassium hydroxide. It crystallizes in shining nee-
dles, is sparingly soluble in water, possesses a hya-
cinth-like odor, melts at 33 ° C, and distils at
250° C.

styrol (sti'-rol), CsHs. Cinnamene; phenylethy-
lene. A colorless, highly refractive liquid hydro-
carbon, obtained by heating styracin with calcium
hydrate.

styrolene (sti'-ro-len). Same as styrol, q. v.

styrone (sti'-ron) [sturax]. Cinnamic alcohol, C9-
H10O. s. crystals, s., crystallized, cinnamic alcohol.

styryl alcohol (sti'-ril). See styrone.

sub- [L.]. A prefix denoting under or beneath; in
chemistry, a prefix denoting — (1) the lower of two
compounds of the same elements; (2) a basic salt.

subabdominal {sub-ab-dom' -in-al) [sub-; abdomen].
Beneath the abdomen.

subacetabular (sub-as-et-ab'-u-lar). Below the
acetabulum.

subacetate (sub-as' -et-at) [sub-; acetum, vinegar].
A basic acetate.

subacid (sub-as' -id) [sub-; acidum, acid]. Moder-
ately acid or sour.

subacidity (sub-as-id'-it-e) [subacid]. A condition
of moderate^ acidity.

subacromial (sub-ak-ro'-me-al) [sub-; acromial].
Below the acromion.

subacute (sub-ak-ut) [sub-; acutus, sharp]. 1.
Moderately acute. 2. The stage of a disease when it
is intermediate between an acute and a chronic form.

subagitatrix (sub-aj-it-a'-triks) [L.]. One who prac-
tises tribadism.

subanal (sub-a'-nal) [sub-; anus]. Situated be-
low the anus.

subancestral (sub-an-sest'-ral). Not in the direct
line of descent.

subanconeal (sub-an-ko-ne'-al)[sub- ; anconeus]. Be-
neath the anconeus muscle.

subanconeus (sub-an-ko-ne'-us) . See under muscle.

subapical (sub-a' -pik-al) [sub-; apex]. Beneath
the apex.

subaponeurotic (sub-ap-on-ii-rot'-ik) [sub-; aponeu-
rosis]. Beneath an aponeurosis.

subaqueous (sub-a' -kwe-us) [sub-; aqua, water].
Living beneath the water.

subarachnoid (sub-ar-ak'-noid) [sub-; arachnoid].
Beneath the arachnoid membrane, as the subarach-
noid space.

subarcuate (sub-ar'-ku-at) [sub-; arcus, an arc].
Slightly arcuate.

subareolar (sub-ar-e'-o-lar) [sub-; areola]. Sit-
uated, or occurring beneath the mammary areola.

subastragalar, subastragaloid (sub-as-trag'-al-ar,
sub-as-trag'-al-oid) [sub-; astragalus]. Below the
astragalus, s. amputation, a partial removal of the
foot, in which only the astragalus is left.

subastringent (sub-as-trin'-gent) [sub-; astrinjens,
astringent]. Only slightly astringent.

subatloidean (sub-at-loid'-e-an). Located beneath
the atlas.

subatomic (sub-at-om'-ik). Underlying atoms.

subaudition (sub-aw-dish'-un) [sub-; audire, to
hear]. The act or ability of comprehending what is
not expressed.

subaural (sub-aw'-ral) [sub-; aura, ear]. Beneath
the ear.

subauricular (sub-a-w-rik'-u-lar). Below the aur-
icle of the ear.

subaxial (sub-aks'-e-al) [sub-; axis]. Lying below
the axis.

subaxillary (sub-aks'-il-a-re) [sub-; axilla]. Sit-
uated below the axilla.

subbasal (sub-ba'-sal) [sub-; base]. Situated below
or near the base or basal membrane.

subbrachial, aubbrachiate (sub bra'-ke-al, sub-bra'-
ke-at) sub-; fipaxiov, arm]. 1. Under the pectoral
muscles. 2. Beneath the brachium.

subbrachycephalic (sub-bra-ke-sef-al'-ik). Having
a cephalic index from 8o° to 840.

subcalcareous (sub-kal-ka'-re-us) [sub-; under; calx,
lime]. Somewhat calcareous.

subcalcarine (sub-kaV -ka-ren) [sub-; calcarine].
Situated beneath the calcarine fissure, as the sub-
calcarine convolution, s. convolution, a narrow con-
volution ventrad of the cuneus and lying between the
collateral and calcarine fissures.

subcallosal (sub-kal-lo'-sal) [sub-; callosum]. Be-
low the corpus callosum.

subcapsular (sub-kap'-su-lar) [sub-; capsula, cap-
sule]. Beneath a capsule.

subcarbonate (sub-kar'-bon-at) [sub- ; carbonate], A
basic carbonate.

subcartilaginous (sub-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [sub-; car-
lilago, cartilage]. 1. Situated beneath cartilage. 2.
Partly cartilaginous.

subcecal (sub-se'-kal) [sub-; cecum]. Lying below
the cecum.

subcentral (sub-sen' -tral) [sub-; center], 1. Sit-
uated near the center. 2. Ventrad of the central
fissure of the brain.

subcerebellar (sub-ser-e-bel'-ar) [sub-; cerebellum].
Situated beneath the cerebellum.

subcerebral (sub-ser-e'-bral) [sub-; cerebrum]. Sit-
uated beneath the cerebrum.

subchloride (sub-klor'-ld) . That chloride of a ser-
ies which contains relatively the least chlorine.

subchondral (sub-kon'-dral) [sub-; xbvbpos, carti-
lage]. Lying beneath cartilage.

subchordal (sub-kor'-dal) [sub- ; chorda, cord]. Be-
neath the notochord.

subchorionic (sub-ko-re-on'-ik) [sub- ; chorion]. Ly-
ing beneath the chorion.

subchoroidal (sub-ko-roid'-al) [sub-; choroidal].
Situated or occurring under the choroid.

subchronic (sub-kron'-ik) [sub-; chronic]. More
nearly chronic than is indicated by the term subacute.

subclavian (sub-kla' -ve-an) [sub-; clavis, key]. Ly-
ing under the clavicle, as the subclavian artery.

subclavicula (sub-kla-vik'-u-lah). The first rib.

subclavicular (sub-kla-vik'-u-lar). Beneath the
clavicle.

subclavius (sub-kla' -ve-us). See under muscle.

subcollateral (sub-kol-at'-er-al) [sub-; collateral].
Ventrad of the collateral fissure of the brain, s. gy-
rus, a convolution connecting the occipital and tem-
poral lobes.

SUBCONJUNCTIVAL

851

SUBILIAC

subconjunctival (sub-kon-jungk-li'-val) [sub-; con-
junctiva]. Situated beneath the conjunctiva.

subconscious (sub-kon'-shus). Imperfectly con-
scious.

subconsciousness (sub-kon'-shus-nes) [subconscious].
Imperfect consciousness; that state in which mental
processes take place without the mind being distinctly
conscious of its own activity.

subcontinuous (sub-kon-tin'-u-us) [sub-; cntinu-
ous]. Almost continuous.

subcoracoid (sub-kor' -ak-oid) [sub-; coracoid]. Sit-
uated below the coracoid process.

subcordate (sub-kor' '-dat) [sub-; cor, heart]. Hav-
ing nearly the shape of a heart.

subcorneous (sub-kor' -ne-us) [sub-; corneus, horny].
Somewhat horny.

subcortex (sub-kor' -teks). That part of the brain
substance which immediately underlies the cor-
tex.

subcortical (sub-kor' -tik-al) [sub-; cortex]. Beneath
the cortex.

subcostal (sub-kos'-tal) [sub-; costa, rib]. Lying
beneath a rib or the ribs.

subcostales (sub-kos-ta'-lez). The infracostal mus-
cles. See muscles.

subcranial (sub-kra'-ne-al) [sub-; xpavlov, cranium].
Situated beneath the cranium.

subcrepitant (sub-krep' -it-ant) [sub-; crepitare, to
make a crackling noise]. Almost crepitant, as sub-
crepitant rale. See rale, subcrepitant.

sub crepitation (sub-krep-it-a'-shun). An indis-
tinctly crepitant sound.

subcrureus (sub-kroo-re'-us) . See under muscle.

subculoyd (sub-ku'-loid). A trade name to desig-
nate certain preparations designed for hypodermic
injection.

subculture (sub-kul'-tur) [sub-; culture]. In bac-
teriology, a secondary culture made from a primary
culture.

subcuneus (sub-ku-ne'-us) [sub-; cuneus, a wedge].
An area of the occipital lobe ventrad of the cuneus,
and caudad of the collateral fissure.

subcutaneous (sub-ku-ta' -ne-us) [sub-; cutaneous].
Beneath the skin; hypodermatic.

subcutaneus colli (sub-ku-ta' -ne-us col'-li). The
platysma myoides muscle.

subcuticular (sub-ku-tik'-u-lar) [sub-; cutis, skin].
Beneath the epidermis, as a subcuticular suture.

subcutin (sub-ku'-tln). Paraphenolsulphonate of
paraamidobenzoic ethyl ester; small acicular crystals
melting at 195.60 C; soluble in ioo times its weight
in water. Its solutions can be sterilized. It is rec-
ommended as a local anesthetic.

subcutis (sub-ku'-tis) [sub-; cutis, skin]. The deep-
er portion or layer of the true skin.

subdelirium (sub-de-lir'-e-um) [sub-; delirium]. A
slight or muttering delirium, with lucid intervals.

subdeltoid (sub-del '-toid). Beneath the deltoid
muscle.

subdental (sub-den' -taV) [sub-; dens, a tooth]. Sit-
uated beneath the teeth.

subdermal (sub-der'-mal). See subcutaneous.

subdiaphragmatic (sub-di-a-frag-mat'-ik) [sub- ;
diaphragm]. Under the diaphragm.

subdicrotic (sub-di-krot'-ik). Obscurely dicrotic.

subdivided (sub-div-i'-ded)[sub- ; divider e, to divide].
Re-divided; making secondary or smaller divisions.

sobdolichocephalic (sub-dol-ik-o-sef-al'-ik) [sub- ;
dolicocephalic]. Somewhat dolichodephalic; having
the cephalic index above 75° and below 770.

subdorsal (sub-dor' -sal) [sub-; dorsum, back]. Sit-
uated on the side of or below the dorsal surface of the
body.

subduction (sub -duk' -shun) [sub-; ducere, to lead].
Maddox's term for deorsumduction.

subdural (sub-du'-ral) [sub-; dura]. Beneath the
dura.

subectodermal (sub-ek-to-der'-mal) [sub-; ectoder-
mal]. Beneath the ectoderm.

subencephalon (sub-en-sef -al-on) [sub-; lyice<l>a\ov,
brain]. The medulla oblongata, pons, and corpora
quadrigemina taken together.

subendocardial (sub-en-do-kar'-de-al) [sub-; en-
docardium]. Beneath the endocardium-

subendothelial (sub-en-do-the' -le-al) [sub-; endothe-
lial]. Situated or occurring under an endothelial
structure.

subendothelium (sub-en-do-the' -le-um). The layer
of connective-tissue cells between the mucosa and
the epithelium of the bladder, intestine, and bronchi.

subendymal (sub-en' -dim-al) . Beneath the epen-
dyma.

subepidermal, subepidermatic, subepidermic (sub-
ep-e-der'-mal, sub-ep-e-der-mat'-ik, sub-ep-e-der'-mik)
[sub-; epidermis]. Situated beneath the epidermis.

subepithelial (sub-ep-e-the' -le-al) [sub-; epithelium].
Situated under an epithelial surface.

suberin (su'-ber-in) [suber, cork]. 1. Pulverized
cork; used as a dressing for wounds. 2. The impure
cellulose forming the cellular tissue of cork.

subese (sub-es) [sub-; edere, to eat]. Underfed;
thin; the opposite of obese.

subesophageal (sub-e-so-faj'-e-al) [sub-; esophagus].
Beneath the esophagus.

subfalcial (sub-fal'-se-al) [sub-; falx]. At the free
edge of the falx cerebri.

subfalciform (sub-fal'-se-form) [sub-; falx]. Some-
what sickle-shaped.

subfascial (sub-fash' -e-al) [sub-; fascia]. Beneath
the fascia.

subfebrile (sub-feb'-ril) [sub-; febris, fever]. Slight-
ly febrile.

subfemoralis (sub-fem-o-ra'-lis) . Same as subcru-
reus.

subfissure (sub-fish' -ur) [sub-; fissura, fissure]. A
fissure of the brain which is concealed by a supergyre,
and invisible until the lips of the superfissure are
divaricated.

subfiavor (sub-fia'-vor). A secondary or sub-
ordinate flavor.

subflavous (sub-fla'-vus) [sub-; flavus, yellow].
Somewhat yellow, s. ligament, the ligament of yel-
lowish elastic material found between the laminae of
adjacent vertebrae.

subfoliar (sub-fo'-le-ar) [sub- ; folium, leaf ']. Hav-
ing the character of sobfolium.

subfolium (sub-fo' -le-um) [sub-; folium, leaf]. A
leaflet going to make up a part of any folium of the
cerebellum.

subfornical (sub-for'-nik-al) [sub-; fornix]. Be-
neath the fornix of the brain.

subfrontal (sub-frun'-tal) [sub-; frons, forehead].
Applied to a fissure and gyre (Broca's) in the ventral
region of the frontal lobe of the brain.

subgallate (sub-gal' -lat). A basic salt of gallic acid,
s., bismuth. See dermatol.

subgelatinous (sub-jel-at'-in-us) [sub-; gelatin].
Partly gelatinous.

subgemmal (sib-jem'-al). Beneath a taste-bud.

subgeneric (sib-jen-er'-ik) . Relating to a subgenus.

subgeniculate (sub-jen-ik'-u-lat). Incompletely
geniculate.

subgenus (sub-je'-nus). A subordinate genus, a
subdivision of a genus higher than a species.

subgerminal (sub-jer'-min-al) [sub-; germ]. Sit-
uated beneath a germinal structure.

subglenoid (sub-gle'-noid) [sub-; glenoid]. Be-
neath the glenoid fossa, as subglenoid dislocation of
the humerus.

subglossal (sub-glos'-al). See hypoglossal; sub-
lingual.

subglossitis (sub-glos-i'-tis) [sub-; yXwaaa, tongue;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues
under the tongue. See ranula.

subglottic (sub-glot'-ik). See infraglottic.

subgrundation (sub-grun-da'-shun) [Fr., subgron-
dation]. The intrusion of one part of a cranial bone
beneath another.

subgyre (sub'-jlr) [sub-; gyrus], A gyre that is
encroached upon or covered by another or supergyre
(covering-gyre].

subhepatic (sub-he-pat' -ik) [sub-; rjirap, liver]. Sit-
uated beneath or on the under surface of the liver.

subhumeral (sub-hu' -mer-al) [sub-; humerus]. Be-
low the humerus.

subhyaloid (sub-hi'-al-oid). Beneath the hyaloid
membrane of the eye.

subhyoid (sub-hi'-oid) [sub-; hyoid]. Beneath the
hyoid bone. s. bursa, a bursa lying between the
thyrohyoid membrane and hyoid bone and the con-
joint insertion of the onohyoid, sternohyoid, amd
stylohyoid muscles. Syn., Boyer's bursa.

subicteric (sub-ik-ter'-ik) [sub-; ucrepos, jaundice].
Moderately or slightly icteric.

subiculum (sub-ik'-u-lum) [subex, a layer]. The
uncinate gyrus, s. promontorii, support of the prom-
ontory; the posterior boundary of the fenestra vesti-
buli.

subiliac (sub-il'-e-ak) [sub-; ilium]. Pertaining to
the subilium.

SUBILIUM

852

SUBORBICULAR

subilium (sub-il'-e-um) [sub-; ilium]. The lowest
portion of the ilium.

subimaginal (sub-im-aj'-in-al) [sub- ; imago]. Hav-
ing the character of a subimago.

subinfection (sub-in-fek'-shun) [sub-; infection].
i. A slight degree of infection. 2. A chronic intoxi-
cation due to frequent small doses of a toxic agent
introduced from without or produced within the body.

subinflammation (sub-in-flam-a'-shun) [sub-; in-
flammation], A slight degree of inflammation.

subinflammatory (sub-in-flam' -at-or-e) . Of the
nature of a slight inflammation.

subintegumentary (sub-in-teg-u-men' -tar-e) [sub- ;
integumentum, integument]. Situated beneath the
integument.

subintestinal (sub-in-tes' '-tin-aV) [sub-; intestinum,
intestine]. Situated beneath the intestines.

subintrance (sub-in' -trans) [subintrare, -to enter
secretly]. Anticipation of recurrence.

subintrant (sub-in' -tr ant). Entering secretly; ap-
plied to malarial fevers in which a new paroxysm be-
gins before the termination of the preceding one.

subinvolution (sub-in-vo-lu' -shun) [sub-; involutio,
a rolling up]. Imperfect involution, s. of the uter-
us, the imperfect contraction of the uterus after de-
livery.

subiodide (sub-i'-o-did). That iodide of a series
having the least iodine.

subjacent (sub-ja'-sent) [sub-; jacere, to lie]. Lying
beneath.

subject (sub'-jekt) [sub-; jacere, to throw]. 1. An
individual that serves for purposes of experiment or
study, or that is under observation or treatment. 2.
A cadaver. 3. The matter of a discourse.

subjective (sub-jek'-tiv) [subject], 1. Pertaining to
the individual himself. 2. Of symptoms, experienced
by the patient himself, and not amenable to physical
exploration, s. sensation, one not caused by external
stimuli.

subjectivity (sub-jek-tiv'-it-e) [subjicere, to throw
under]. Illusiveness.

subjectoscope (sub-jek'-to-skop). An instrument
for examining subjective visual sensations.

subjugal (sub-joo'-gal) [sub-; jugum, yoke]. Below
the malar bone.

subkatabolism (sub-kat-ab' -ol-izm) . Katabolic sta-
sis, a condition marked by inactivity, devitalization,
and premature senility of the cells due to suboxida-
tion, excessive strain, fatigue, etc.

sublamine (sub' -lam-in). A soluble compound of
mercury sulphate and ethylenediamine containing
43% of mercury. It is used as a disinfectant, and
intramuscularly in syphilis. Dose 2-6 dr. (7.7-23-3
Cc.) of 1% solution in normal salt solution.

sublaryngeal (sub-lar-in' -je-al) [sub-; laryngeal1?.
Situated below the larynx.

sublatio (suo-la'-she-o) [sublatio, removal]. 1. Re-
moval; ablation. 2. Depression, or couching, of the
lens in cataract, s., retinal, detachment of the retina.

sublation (sub-la' -shun). See sublatio.

subligamen (sub-li-ga'-men) [sub-; ligare, to bind].
A form of truss used in hernia.

subliminal (sub-lim' -in-al) [sub-; limen, threshold].
Below the threshold of consciousness or of sensation.
See threshold.

sublimate (sub'-lim-at) [sublimare, to lift up high].
A substance obtained by sublimation, s., corrosive,
mercuric chloride; see mercury bichloride.

sublimation (sub-lim-a'-shun). The vaporization
and condensation of a volatile solid.

sublime (sub-lim) [see sublimate]. 1. To subject
to sublimation. 2. To undergo sublimation.

sublimis (sub-li'-mis) [L.]. Elevated; superficial,
a qualification applied to certain muscles.

sublingual (sub-ling' -gwal) [sub-; lingua, tongue].
1. Lying beneath the tongue. 2. Pertaining to the
parts lying beneath the tongue.

sublinguitis (sub-ling-gwi'-tis) [sub- ; lingua, tongue;
ma, inflammation]. Inflammation of the sublingual
gland.

sublobular (sub-lob' -u-lar) [sub-; lobule]. Situated
beneath a lobule, s. veins, the radicles of the hepatic
veins, situated at the base of a cluster of lobules.

sublumbar (sub-lum' -bar) [sub-; lumbus, loin]. Sit-
uated under the loins.

subluxation (sub-luks-a'-shun) [sub- ; luxation]. In-
complete luxation; sprain.

submalleolar (sub-mal-e' -o-lar) [sub-; malleolus].
Under the malleoli, s. amputation, removal of the
foot at the ankle-joint.

submammary (sub-mam' -a-re) [sub-; mamma,
breast]. Situated beneath the breast.

submarginal (sub-mar' -j in-al) [sub-; margin]. Sit-
uated near the border or margin.

submarine (sub-mar-en) [sub-; marine], A dental
term applied to conditions and materials in the treat-
ment and management of which the parts are filled
with the fluids of the mouth.

submaxillaries (sub-maks-il-ar-i'-tis) [sub-; max-
illa, jaw; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
submaxillary gland.

submaxillary (sub-maks'-il-a-re) [sub-; maxilla].
1. Lying beneath the lower maxilla, as the submax-
illary gland. 2. Pertaining to the submaxillary
gland.

submaxillitis (sub-maks-il-i'-tis). Inflammation of
the submaxillary gland.

submedial (sub-me'-de-al) [sub-; medius, middle].
Situated beneath or near the middle.

submembranous (sub-mem! -bra-nus) [sub-; mem-
brana, a membrane]. Somewhat membranous.

submeningeal (sub-men-in' -je-al). Beneath the
meninges.

submental (sub-men' -tal) [sub-; mentum, chin].
Situated under the chin.

submerge (sub-merj') [sub-; mergere, to dip.]
To place under the surface of a liquid.

submersion (sub-mer' -shun) [submerge]. The act
of submerging; the condition of being under the
surface of a liquid.

submesaticephalic (sub-mes-at-e-sef-al'-ik) . Having
a cephalic index of 75° to 760.

submetallic (sub-met-al'-ik) [sub-; metallum, metal].
To a certain extent metallic.

submicroscopic (sub-mi-kro-skop'-ik) . Pertaining
to a particle which is visible by the aid of the ultra-
microscope.

submissio (sub-mis' -e-o) [L.]. A lowering, s.
cordis, the systole of the heart.

submorphous (sub-mor'-fus) [sub-; fi°P<l>v, form].
Having the characters both of a crystalline and of an
amorphous body; applied to calculi.

submucosa (sub-mu-ko'-sah) [sub-; mucosus, mu-
cous]. The layer of fibrous connective tissue that
attaches the mucous membrane to the subjacent
parts.

submucous (sub-mu'-kus) [sub-; mucous]. Situ-
ated beneath a mucous membrane.

submuscular (sub-mus'-ku-lar) [sub-; muscular].
Beneath a muscle.

subnarcotic (sub-nar-kot'-ik). Moderately nar-
cotic.

subnasal (sub-na'-zal) [sub-; nasus, nose]. Situ-
ated below the nose. s. point. See under cranio-
metric point.

subneural (sub-nu'-ral) [sub-; vevpov, nerve].
Situated under the neuron or under a nerve, -s.
gland, the homologue in the amphioxus of the hypo-
physis of higher vertebrates.

subnitrate (sub-ni'-trdt) [sub-; nitrate], A basic
nitrate.

subnodal (sub-no'-dal) [sub-; nodus, node]. Behind
or under a node.

subnormal (sub-nor'-mal) [sub-; norma, rule].
Below normal. •

subnotochordal (sub-no-to-kord'-al). Below the
notochord.

subnucleus (sub-nu'-kle-us) [sub-; nucleus]. Any
one of the smaller groups of cells into which a large
nerve-nucleus is divided by the passage through it
of nerve-bundles.

subnutrition (sub-nu-trish'-un). Defective nutri-
tion.

suboccipital (sub-ok-sip'-it-al) [sub-; occiput].
Situated beneath the occiput.

suboccipitobregmatic (sub-ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'-ik)
[sub-; occiput; bregma]. Situated in the region
extending from the bregma to beneath the occiput.

subocular (sub-ok' '-u-lar) [sub-; oculus, eye].
Beneath the eye.

subopercular (sub-o-per'-ku-lar) [sub-; operculum,
lid]. Pertaining to a suboperculum.

suboperculum (sub-o-per'-ku-lum) [sub- ; operculum,
lid]. A gyrais of the brain between the presylvian
and subsylvian fissures; the orbital operculum.

suboptic (sub-op' -tik). Same as suborbital.

suboral (sub-o'-ral) [sub-; os, oris, mouth]. Be-
neath the mouth.

suborbicular, suborbiculate (sub-or-bik' -u-lar, sub-
or-bik'-u-lat) [sub-; orbicular]. Almost orbicular.

SUBORBITAL

853

SUBSTANTIA

suborbital (sub-or'-bit-al) [sub-; orbit]. Beneath
the orbit. Synonym of infraorbital.

subordination (sub-or-din-a'-shun) [sub-; ordo,
orderj. The condition of being under subjection or
control; the condition of organs that depend upon
or are controlled by other organs.

suboxidation (sub-oks-id-a'-shun). Deficient oxida-
tion.

suboxide (sub-oks'-ld) [sub-; 6£vs, acid]. One of
two oxides containing the less oxygen.

subpallial (sub-pal' -e-al) [sub-; pallium, a mantle].
Beneath the pallium.

subpapular (sub-pap' -u-lar). Indistinctly papular.

subparalytic (sub-par-al-it'-ik) [sub-; paralytic].
Slightly paralytic.

subparietal (sub-par-i'-et-aV) [sub-; paries, wall].
Situated beneath the parietal bone, convolution, or
fissure.

subpatellar (sub-pat-el' -ar) [sub-; patella, knee-
cap]. Situated beneath the patella.

subpectoral (sub-pek'-tor-al) [sub-; pectus, chest].
Situated beneath the chest.

subpeduncular (sub-pe-dung'-kii-lar) [sub-; pe-
dunculus, peduncle]. Situated beneath a peduncle.
s. lobe, the flocculus, q. v.

subpericardial (sub-per-e-kar'-de-al) [sub-; peri-
cardium]. Situated beneath the pericardium.

subpericranial (sub-per-e-kra'-ne-al). Beneath the
pericranium.

subperiosteal (sub-per-e-os'-te-al) [sub-; periosteum].
Beneath the periosteum, s. operation, excision of
bone without removing the periosteum.

subperitoneal (sub-per-e-ton-e'-al) [sub-; peri-
toneum]. Beneath the peritoneum.

subperitoneoabdominal (sub-per-il-on-e-o-ab-dom'-
in-al). Beneath the abdominal peritoneum.

subperitoneopelvic (sub-per-it-on-e-o-pel'-vik). Be-
neath the peritoneum of the pelvis.

subpersonal (sub-per' -son-aV) . Having individu-
ality in a very slight degree.

subpetrosal (sub-pet-ro'-sal). Below the petrosa.

subpharyngeal (sub-far-in'-je-al) [sub-; pharynx].
Beneath the pharynx.

subphrenic (sub-fren'-ik). Synonym of subdia-
phragmatic.

subpial (sub-pi'-al) [sub, under; pia]. Situated
or occurring beneath the pia.

subplacenta (sub-pla-sent'-ah). The decidua vera.

subplantigrade (sub-plant' -e-gr ad). Incompletely
plantigrade, walking with the heel slightly elevated.

subpleural (sub-ploo'-ral) [sub-; pleura]. Beneath
the pleura.

subplexal (sub-pleks'-al) [sub, under; plexus].
Lying under a plexus of the brain.

subpontile (sub-pon'-til) [sub, under; pons]. Situ-
ated or occurring beneath the pons.

subpontine (sub-pon' -tin) [sub-; pons]. Beneath
the pons.

subpreputial (sub-pre-pu'-she-al) [sub-; preputium,
prepuce]. Beneath the prepuce.

subprostatic (sub-pros-tat' -ik) [sub, under; prostate].
Beneath the prostate gland.

subpubic (sub-pu'-bik) [sub-; pubes, pubis]. Situ-
ated beneath the pubic arch or symphysis.

subpulmonary (sub-pul'-mon-a-re) [sub-; pulmo,
the lung]. On the ventral side of the lungs.

subpyramidal (sub-pir-am'-id-al) [sub, under;
pyramis, pyramid]. I. Beneath a pyramid. 2. Ap-
proximately pyramidal.

subreniform (sub-ren'-if-orm) [sub, under; ren, kid-
ney; forma, form]. Shaped somewhat like a kidney.

subresin (sub-rez'-in) [sub, under; resina, resin].
That ingredient of a resin which is soluble in boiling
alcohol, but is precipitated on cooling.

subretinal (sub-ref -in-al) [sub-; retina]. Beneath
the retina.

subsacral (sub-sa'-kral) [sub, under; sacrum].
Situated or occurring ventrad of the sacrum.

subsalt. A basic salt.

subsaturation (sub-sat-u-ra' -shun) . Incomplete
saturation.

subscapular (sub-skap' -u-lar) [sub-; scapula].
1. Beneath the scapula, as the subscapular muscle,
or subscapularis. 2. Pertaining to the subscapular
muscle.

subscapularis (sub-skap-u-la'-ris). See under
muscle.

subscleral (sub-skle'-ral). Beneath the sclera.

subsclerotic (sub-skle-rot'-ik) [sub, under; VKkrjpbs,
hard]. Beneath the sclerotic.

subscription (sub-skrip'-shun) [sub-; scribere, to
write]. That part of a prescription containing the
directions to the pharmacist, indicating how the
ingredients are to be mixed and prepared.

subsensation (sub-sen-sa'-shun). A subordinate
sensation.

subseptal (sub-sep'-tal). Situated below a septum.

subseptate (sub-sep'-tat) [sub-; septum, a hedge].
Partially divided.

subserous (sub-se'-rus) [sub-; serous]. Beneath a
serous membrane.

subserrate (sub-ser'-dt). Slightly serrate.

subsibilant (sub-sib' -il-ant). Having a sound like
muffled whistling.

subsidence (sub'-sid-ens, or sub-si' -dens) [sub,
under; seder e, to sit]. The gradual cessation and
disappearance of an attack of disease.

subsigmoid (sub-sig' -moid) [sub, under; sigmoid].
Under the sigmoid cavity or flexure, s. fossa, a
fossa bounded in the median line by the attached
mesentery of the sigmoid flexure, and above by the
limit of the attachment of the mesentery of the
descending colon. It may be seen by lifting the
sigmoid flexure of the large intestine, and varies much
in size in -Ufferent individuals.

subsifi nee (sub-sis' -tens) [sub, under; sistere, to
stand]. That which nourishes or gives support.
Food.

subsoil (sub'-soil). The under-soil. s. water,
water which has penetrated the soil, and is found
immediately above the first impervious stratum.

subspinous (sub-spi'-nus) [sub-; spine]. 1. Be-
neath a spine. 2. Beneath the spinal column,
s. dislocation, luxation of the head of the humerus
below the spine of the scapula.

subspiral (sub-spi'-ral) [sub, under; spira, coil].
Somewhat spiral.

subsplenial (sub-sple'-ne-al) [sub, under; (rifK-qviov ,
a bandage]. Beneath the splenium.

substage (sub'-staj). The parts beneath the stage
of a microscope, including the diaphragm, con-
denser, illuminator, and other accessories.

substance (sub'-stans) [substantia, substance].

1. The material of which anything is composed.

2. A tissue, s., alible, the portion of the chyme
which is utilized for nourishing the body, s., ali-
mentary, an article of food, s., basis, the inter-
cellular or ground-substance, s., cell-, cell-proto-
plasm, s., contractile. 1. Living protoplasm which
has the property of contracting. 2. The contractile
portion of a muscular fiber, s., cortical, the peri-
pheral portion of an organ, situated just beneath the
capsule, s., gray. See substantia cinerea. s.,
ground-, the homogeneous matrix or intracellular
substance of a tissue in which the cellular elements
and fibers are embedded, s., haptophorous, a
toxoid, s., immune, the immune body, s., inter-
filar. See enchylema. s., interstitial. 1. The con-
nective tissue of an organ. 2. Achromatin. s.,
intertubular, the matrix of dentine in which the
dentinal canals are placed, s., intervertebral, the
intervertebral discs, s., living, protoplasm, s.,
medullary. 1. The part of an organ constituting
its central in contradistinction to its peripheral or
cortical portion. 2. The tissue forming the medulla,
as in bone, s., parietal, the matrix of the cartilage,
s. of Rolando. See substantia gelatinosa. s., Rollet's
secondary. See disc, interstitial, s., Rovidas' hya-
line, a nucleoproteid, insoluble in water, forming a
large proportion of the constituents of pus-corpuscles.
It expands into a tough, slimy mass when treated
with a 10 % common salt solution. It is soluble in
alkalies, but quickly changed by them, s., sarcous,
the substance of a sarcous element, s. of Schwann,
white, the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber, s.
sensibilisatrice, Bordet's name (1899) for the inter-
mediate body, s., Stilling's gelatinous, the gelati-
nous substance surrounding the central canal of the
spinal cord, s., supporting, a supporting tissue, as
the neuroglia and connective tissue, s., white
reticular, the reticulated layer of white tissue on
the anterior half of the uncinate convolution.

substandard (sub-stand' -ard). Below the standard
requirements.

substantia (sub-stan'-she-ah) [L.]. Substance,
s. alba, the white fibrous tissue of the brain and
nerves. Syn., alba. s. cinerea, the gray matter
of the nervous system, s. corticalis. See substance,
cortical, s. eburnea, dentine, s. ferruginea. Syno-
nym of locus cinereus. s. filamentosa dentium; a

SUBSTERNAL

854

SUCCORY

name given by Malpighi to the enamel of the teeth.
s. fusca. See locus niger. s. gelatinosa, that part of
the gray matter of the cord which caps the head
of the posterior horns and surrounds the central
canal, s. gelatinosa centralis, the light zone
surrounding the central canal of the developing
spinal cord. s. glomerulosa, the cortical sub-
stance of the kidney, s. grisea, the gray matter
of the spinal cord. s. grisea centralis. See ento-
cinerea. s. hyalina, Leydig's term for the interreticular
portion of protoplasm. s. intermedia, the portion
of the cerebellar substance situated between the
cortical and the central gray matter, s. medullaris,
the medullary substance of the kidney; also, of a
hair. s. nigra, the locus niger. s. opaca, Leydig's
term for the reticulum of protoplasm, s. ossea,
cement, s. ossea dentium, a name given by Malpighi
to dentine, s. perforata anterior, one of two perforated
spaces at the*base of the brain bounded by the olfactory
trigone and the optic chiasm and tract, s. perforata
posterior, a perforated area between the peduncles
of the brain, s. primaria, the medullary portion
of the central nervous system, s. propria, the
essential tissue of an organ; especially the modified
connective-tissue lamella? of the cornea;, also the
middle or fibrous tissue layer of the tympt.'>ic mem-
brane, s. reticularis, the network of nerve-fibers
and gray matter found in the deep parts of the
medulla and in the pons. s. rubra (lienis), the
splenic pulp. s. spongiosa, the entire gray matter
of the cord except those parts occupied by the s.
gelatinosa. s. striata, synonym of enamel, s. vascu-
losa, the pulp of the spleen.

substernal (sub-stur'-nal) [sub-; sternum]. Be-
neath the sternum.

substitution (sub-stit-u'-shun) [sub-; statuere, to
place]. The replacement of one thing by another.
In chemistry, the replacing of one or more elements
or radicals in a compound by other elements or
radicals.

substratum, substrate (sub-stra'-tum, sub'-strat)
[sub-; stratum, a layer], i. An under layer or
stratum. 2. A substance upon which an enzyme
acts.

substriate (sub-stri'-at) [sub-; stria]. Having
imperfect stria?.

subsulphate (sub-sul'-fat) [sub-; sulphur]. A
basic sulphate.

subsultory (sub-sul'-tor-e) [sub-; saltire, to leap].
Leaping; twitching.

subsultus (sub-sul'-tus) [see subsultory]. A morbid
jerking or twitching, s. clonus. See s. tendinum.
s. tendinum, involuntary twitching of the muscles,
especially of the hands and feet, seen in low fevers.

subsylvian (sub-sil'-ve-an). Beneath the Sylvian

subsynovial (sub-si-no'-ve-al) [sub-; synovia, syn-
ovia]. Situated within a synovial sac.

subtarsal (sub-tar' -sal). Below the tarsus.

subtegmen (sub-teg' -men) [subtexere, to weave
under]. Weft. s. fornicis, in the fornix the layer
of nerve-fibers situated beneath the superficial
longitudinal bundles.

sub tegumental (sub-teg-u-men'-tal) [sub-; legumen-
tum, a cover]. Subcutaneous.

subtemporal (sub-tem'-por-al) [sub-; tempus, tem-
ple]. Situated beneath the temporal bone or muscle,
or below the temple.

subtenial (sub-le'-ne-al). Situated beneath the
tenia.

subternatural (sub-ter-nat'-u-ral) [subter, below;
natura, nature]. Below what is natural.

subthalamic (sub-thal-am'-ik) [sub-; daXanos, thala-
mus]. Beneath the optic thalamus.

subthalamus (sub-thai' -am-us). See hypothalamus.

subthoracic (sub-tho-ras'-ik) [sub-; thorax]. Situ-
ated below the thorax.

subthyroideus (sub-thi-roid'-e-us). An anomalous
bundle of fibers uniting the inferior and lateral thyro-
arytenoid muscles.

subtrapezial (sub-tra-pe'-ze-al). Beneath the tra-
pezium.

subtrochanteric (sub-tro-kan-ter'-ik) [sub-; tro-
chanter]. Below the trochanter.

subtrochlear (sub-lrok'-le-ar) [sub-; trochlear].
Beneath the trochlea.

subtropical (sub-trop'-ik-al) . Pertaining to regions
almost tropical in climate.

subtuberal (sub-tu'-ber-al). Situated beneath a
tuber.

subtympanitic (sub-tim-pan-it'-ik). See hypotym-
panic.

sububeres (sub-u'-ber-ez) [sub-; ubera, the breasts].
Children at the breast. Suckling children.

subumbilical (sub-um-bil'-ik-al). Situated below
the umbilicus.

subungual, subunguial (sub-un'-gwal, sub-ung'-gwe-
al) [sub-; unguis, nail]. Beneath the nail.

suburethral (sub-u-re'-thral) [sub-; urethra]. Be-
neath the urethra.

subvaginal (sub-vaj'-in-al) [sub-; vagina, sheath].
Beneath a sheath, s. space, the space beneath the
sheath of dura mater surrounding the optic nerve.

subvertebral (sub-ver'-te-bral) [sub-; vertebra].
Beneath a vertebra.

subvirile (sub-vir'-il). Deficient in virility.

subvitrinal (sub-vit'-rin-al). Beneath the vitreous
humor.

subvola (sub-vo'-lah) [sub-; vola, the palm of the
hand]. 1. The space between the second and fifth
fingers. 2. See hypothenar.

subvolution (sub-vo-lu' -shun) [sub-; volvere, to roll].
A method of operating (as is done for pterygium) in
which a flap is turned over so that an outer or cutane-
ous surface comes in contact with a raw, dissected
surface. Adhesions are thus prevented.

subzonal (sub-zo'-nal) [sub-; fawr/, zone]. Beneath
the zona pellucida.

subzygomatic (sub-zi-go-mat'-ik) [sub-; zygoma].
Below the zygoma.

succagogue, succagog (suk'-ag-yg) [succus, juice;
&YC070S, a leading]. 1. A drug which stimulates the
secretory function. 2. An agent which stimulates
the flow of a digestive juice, particularly the gastric
juice.

succedaneous (suk-se-da'-ne-us) [succedere, to take
the place of]. Relating to or acting as a succedaneum.

succedaneum (suk-se-da'-ne-um) [see succedane-
ous], A substitute, s., caput. See caput succeda-
neum.

succenturiate (suk-sen-tu'-re-at) [succenturiare, to
receive as a substitute]. Accessory, s. kidney, the
suprarenal body.

succi (suk'-i) [L.]. Genitive and plural of succus,
q. v.

succiferous (suk-sif'-er-us) [succus, juice; ferre, to
bear]. _ Producing sap.

succinamic acid (suk-sin-am'-ik) [succinum, amber],
C4H7NO3. A crystalline monobasic acid, of pleasant
acid taste.

succinamide (suk-sin'-am-id) [succinum, amber;
amide], C4H8N2O2. A substance produced by
shaking succinic ester with aqueous ammonia. It
is a white powder, insoluble in water and in alcohol;
is crystallized from hot water in needles.

succinate (suk'-sin-at) [succinum, amber]. A salt
of succinic acid.

succinctum (suk-singk'-tum). Synonym of dia-
phragm. v

succinic acid (suk-sin'-ik). See acid, succinic.

succinimide (suk-sin'-im-id) [succinum, amber],
C4H8NO2. A crystalline substance produced by
gentle ignition of the anhydride in a current by dry
ammonia. It crystallizes from acetone in rhombic
octahedra without any water; when anhydrous, it
melts at 1260 C. and boils at 2880 C.

succinin (suk' -sin-in) [succinum, amber], C7H10O2.
1. A dark-brown substance produced when equal
parts of succinic acid and glycerin are heated together
to about 2300 C. 2. The insoluble portion of amber.

succinone (suk' -sin-on) [succinum, amber]. An
oily liquid obtained in the dry distillation of calcium
succinate. It has a decided empyreumatic odor.

succinonitril (suk-sin-o-ni'-tril). Ethylene cyanide,
C4H4N2, a crystalline body.

succinum (suk-si'-num) [L.]. Amber, a fossil
resin found in the alluvial deposits of Central Europe,
and thought to be derived from an extinct species
of pine. It contains a volatile oil, oleum succini,
used in hysteria, whooping-cough, amenorrhea, and
locally as a rubefacient in chronic rheumatism,
whooping-cough, and infantile convulsions. Dose
5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc).

succorrhea, succorrhcea (suk-or-e'-ah) [succus;
pelv, to flow]. An excessive flow of a secretion,
s., pancreatic, a pathological increase of the pancreatic
juice when the secretory innervation of the gland is
exaggerated.

succory (suk'-or-e). The chicory, Cichorium inty-
bus. See chicory.

SUCCUBA

855

SUGAR

succuba (suk'-u-bah) [sub-; cumber e, to lie; pi.,
succuba]. A female demon formerly believed to
consort with men in their sleep. Cf. incubus (2).

succubate (suk'-u-bat) [succubare, to lie under].
To have carnal knowledge of a man.

succubus (suk'-u-bus) [L.: pi., succubi]. A male
demon, once considered to be the counterpart of the
succuba.

succulent (suk'-u-lenl) [succus]. Juicy.

succursal (suk-ur'-sal) [succur salts, subsidiary].
Subsidiary, s. hospital, or asylum, a branch pro-
vincial hospital, usually for mild cases.

succus (suk'-us) [L.]. 1. A vegetable juice.
2. An animal secretion, s. anisi ozonatus. See
manol. s. entericus, the intestinal juice, secreted
by the glands of the intestinal mucous membrane.
It is thin, opalescent, alkaline, and has a specific
gravity of 1011. Its chief function is probably to
act as a diluent. It contains an amylolytic and a
proteolytic ferment, s. gastricus, the gastric juice.
s. glandulae suprarenalis, liquid extract of supra-
renal extract. s. intestinalis. Same as 5. en-
tericus. s. pancreaticus, the pancreatic juice.
s. prostaticus, the prostatic fluid, a constituent of
the semen, s. spissatus, any extract prepared by
evaporation of the natural juice of a plant.

succussion (suk-ush'-un) [succutere, to shake up].
A shaking, especially of the individual from side to
side, for the purpose of determining the presence of
fluid in a cavity or hollow organ of the body, s.-
sound, s.-splash, the peculiar splashing sound heard
when the patient is shaken in hydropneumothorax
or pyopneumothorax, or in cases of dilated stomach
containing fluid.

sucholoalbumin (su-ko-lo-al'-bii-min) [<rvs, swine;
X0X17, bile; albumin], A poisonous proteid classed
among the albumoses obtained from cultures of the
bacillus of hog cholera.

sucholotoxin (su-ko-lo-toks'-in) [avs, swine; X0X17,
bile; to£lk6v, poison]. A feebly toxic base obtained
by de Schweinitz from cultures of swine-plague
bacillus. Cf. susotoxin.

suck (suk) [sugere, to draw in]. To take nourish-
ment, as a babe, at the breast; to draw in with the
aid of the mouth.

sucking (suk'-ing) [sugere, to suck]. Giving suck;
nursing; drawing with the mouth, s.-bottle, a
nursing-bottle, s.-pad, a fatty mass on the outer
side of the buccinator muscle, well developed in
infants.

suckle (suk'-l) [sugere, to suck]. To give suck.
To nurse at the breast.

suckling {suk' -ling) [sugere, to suck]. A suckling
child; a nursing.l

sucramin (su-kram'-in) . The ammoniacal salt of
saccharin. A sweetening agent differing from sac-
charin in its insolubility in the solvents of that
substance.

sucrate (su'-krat). A chemical compound con-
taining sucrose.

sucrol (su'-krot). See dulcin.

sucrose (su'-kros). See saccharum.

suction (suk'-shun) [suctio, a sucking]. The act
of sucking, s.-plate, in dentistry, a plate con-
structedso as to be held in place by atmospheric
pressure."

suctorial (suk-to'-re-al) [sugere, to suck]. Pertain-
ing to, or suitable for sucking.

sudamen (su-da'-men) [sudor, sweat]. An erup-
tion of translucent, whitish vesicles, due to a non-
inflammatory disturbance of the sweat-glands, con-
sisting in a collection of sweat in the ducts of the
sweat-glands or beneath the epidermis, and occurring
in fevers and profuse sweating.

sudamina (su-dam' -in-ah) . Plural of sudamen.

sudaminal (su-dam'-in-al) [sudare, to sweat]. Of
the nature of sudamina.

sudan (su-dan'), C20H14N12O. A diazo-compound
from alphanaphthalamine with naphthol, a brown
powder used as a stain, soluble in alcohol, ether,
fats, and oils. Syn., pigment brown. S. HI, C22H16-
N4O, a diazo-compound from amidoazobenzene and
betanaphthol ; a brown powder, soluble in alcohol,
ether, benzene, petroleum ether, oils, and fats.
s. yellow g, C12H10N2O2, a diazo-compound from
anilin and resorcinol ; a brown powder used as a stain,
soluble in alcohol, fats, and oils.

sudanophile (su-dan'-o-fil). A leukocyte which,
owing to fatty degeneration, is stained readily by
sudan III.

sudation (su-da'-shun) [sudor]. The act of sweat-
ing.

sudatoria (su-dat-o'-re-ah). See ephidrosis and
miliaria.

sudatorium (su-dat-o'-re-um) [sudor]. 1. A hot-
air bath. 2. A room for the administration of a
hot-air bath.

sudol (su'-dol). A preparation used to check
excessive sweating, said to consist of wool-fat and
glycerol with 30 % of formaldehyde and oil of winter-
green.

sudolorrhea (su-do-lor-e'-ah) [sudare, to sweat;
oleum, oil; poia, a flow]. Synonym of eczema sebor-
rhceicum.

sudor (su'-dor) [L.]. Sweat, s. anglicus. See
miliaria, s. cruentus. Synonym of hematidrosis.
s. nocturnus, night-sweat, s. sanguinosus. See
hematidrosis. s. urinosus. See uridrosis.

sudoral (su'-dor-al) [sudor]. Pertaining to or
characterized by sweating.

sudoresis (su-dor-e'-sis). Excessive sweating.

sudoriferous (su-dor-if'-er-us) [sudor; ferre, to
bear]. Producing sweat.

sudorific (su-dor-if -ik) [sudor; facere, to make],
i. Inducing sweating. 2. An agent inducing sweat-
ing.

sudorikeratosis (su-dor-e-ker-a-to'-sis). Keratosis
of the sudoriferous ducts.

sudoriparous (su-dor-ip'-ar-us) [sudor; par ere, to
beget]. Secreting sweat.

suet (su'-et) [sebum, suet]. The internal fat of
the abdomen of the sheep or cattle, s., mutton-
(sevum prceparatum, U. S. P., B. P.), consists of
stearin, palmitin, and olein, and is used as an emolli-
ent and in the preparation of ointments, s. prepared,
sevum preparatum, see suet, mutton.

suffocation (suf-o-ka'-shun). Interference with
the entrance of air into the lungs by means other
than external pressure on the trachea.

suffocative catarrh. Capillary bronchitis.

suffraginis (suf-raj'-in-is) [suffrago, hock]. The
large pastern-bone, a very compact bone in the
foot of a horse, set in an oblique direction downward
and forward, and extending from the cannon-bone
to the coronet.

suffraginous (suf-raj'-in-us) [suffrago, hock]. Per-
taining to the suffrago of the horse.

suffrago (suf-ra'-go) [L.: gen., suffraginis; pl.r
suffragines]. The hock of a horse's hind leg, whose
convexity is backward. It corresponds to the
human heel.

suffumigation (suf-u-mig-a'-shtiri) [suffumigatio]*
1. Fumigation. 2. A substance used for fumigation.

suffumigium (suf-u-mij'-e-um) [L.: pi., suffumigia].
A medicinal smoke, vapor, or fumigation.

suffusion (suf-u'-zjun) [sub-; fundere, to pour].
1. A spreading or flow of any fluid of the body into
surrounding tissue; an extensive superficial extra-
vasation of blood. 2. The pouring of water upon a
patient as a remedial measure.

sugar (shoog'-ar) [ME., suger, sugar]. The generic
name of a class of sweet carbohydrates. See sac-
charum. Chemically, sugars are divided as follows:
cane-sugar, C12H22O11; glucose (grape-sugar or starch-
sugar), C6H12O6; lactose, sugar of milk; and inosit,
a variety found in certain muscular tissues and in
the juice of asparagus, s., acid of, oxalic acid, s.,
acorn, quercite. s., beet-, saccharose obtained from
species of Beta, especially the common beet, Beta
vulgaris, s., brown, an impure cane sugar, s., cellu-
lose, sugar derived from cellulose; it has the same
formula and properties as glucose, s. chestnut, glu-
cose, s.-coated, coated with sugar, as some pills, s.,
date-, sugar from the fruit of Phoenix dactylifera.
s., diabetic, glucose, s., fruit-, levulose. s., grape-,
glucose in the solid state, s., gum, arabinose.
s., honey, glucose, s.-house eczema, an eczema
sometimes observed in laborers employed in sugar
refineries, s., invert. See invert-sugar, s. of lead,
plumbi acetas. s., left-rotating, levulose. s., Leo's,
See laiose. s., liver, another name for glucose which
is derived from the liver; glycogen, s. of malt,
maltose, s., manna. Synonym of mannite. s.,
maple, saccharose obtained from the sugar-maple.
s., meat, inosit. s. of milk. See lactose, s.-mite,
an acarid of the genus Glyciphagus that infests certain
unrefined commercial sugar, and is said to be a cause
of grocers' itch, s., mucin, levulose. s., muscle,
inosite. s., refined, purified cane-sugar, s.-teat,
a nipple-shaped linen rag containing a lump of sugar.

SUGARINE

856

SULPHHYDRIC

It is given (by those who know no better) to an
infant to quiet it.

sugarine (shoog' -ar-en) . Methylbenzol-sulphinide,
a compound said to have 500 times greater sweetening
power than sugar.

sugent (su'-jent) [sugere, to suck]. Sucking;
absorbent.

suggescent (suj-es'-ent). Fitted for sucking.

suggestible (suj-es'-tib-l) [suggestion]. Amenable
to suggestion.

suggestion (suj-es'-chun) [suggerere, to suggest,
from sub, under; gerere, to bring]. 1. The artificial
production of a certain psychic state in which the
individual experiences such sensations as are sug-
gested to him or ceases to experience those which he
is instructed not to feel. 2. The thing suggested.
s., hypnotic. See hypnotism, s., posthypnotic, the
command to do certain acts given the subject while
in the hypnotic stage, and causing him to execute
these acts after his return to his normal condition.
s., self-, a suggestion conveyed by the subject from
one stratum of his personality to another without
external intervention, s.-therapy, treatment of
disordered states by means of suggestion.

suggestionize (sug-jes'-chun-iz). To treat a person
by suggestion.

suggestotherapist (suj-est-o-ther'-a-pist). One who
treats disease by means of suggestion.

suggillation, sugillation (suj-il-a'-shun) [suggillare,
to beat black and blue]. An ecchymosis or bruise.

suicidal (su-is-i'-dal) [sui, of himself; ccedere, to
kill]. Self-destroying; having a tendency to suicide.

suicide (su'-is-id) [sui, of himself; ccedere, to kill].
1. The intentional taking of one's own life; self-
murder. 2. One who takes his own life.

suint (swint) [Fr.j. A soapy substance rich in
potash and cholesterin, derivable from sheeps' wool.
Lanolin, agnin, and potash salts are obtained from it.

sulcate (sul'-kat) [sulcus]. Furrowed; grooved.

sulciform (suV -sif-orm) [sulcus, a furrow; forma,
form]. Like a groove or sulcus.

sulcus (sul'-kus) [L. ; pi. sulci], A furrow or groove ;
applied especially to the fissures of the brain. See
under fissure. 2. A furrow on the mesal or ventricu-
lar surface of the brain, s. ad aquaeductum vestibuli.
See fossa, sulciform. s., cacuminal, in comparative
neurology, one beginning at the laterocephalic angle
of the flocculus and curving around in a direction
caudodorsomesad usually fuses with its opposite
from the other pileum. s. centralis, the central
fissure or fissure of Rolando, q. v. s. chiasmatis, the
optic groove of the sphenoid bone. s. cinguli, the
callosomarginal fissure, s. costae, the subcostal
groove, s. circularis Reilii, the circuminsular
fissure bounding the insula, s., culminal, in com-
parative neurology, one dividing the culmen from
the central lobe and extending laterad to the mesal
border of the middle cerebellar peduncle, s., Ecker's,
the anterior or transverse occipital sulcus, usually
joined to the horizontal part of the interparietal
sulcus, s., floccular, in comparative neurology, a
sulcus separating the flocculus from the pileum and
from the surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle.
It arises just dorsad of the auditory nerve and ex-
tends dorsocaudoventrad in the form of a loop to the
caudal limit of the flocculus, s. frontalis superior,
medius, and inferior, the superfrontal, medifrontal,
and subfrontal fissures, respectively, s., furcal, in
comparative neurology, a sulcus just caudad of the
culmen, forming a landmark of division between the
horizontal and vertical branches of the stem of the
arbor of the cerebellum, s. habenae, the furrow
along the dorsomesal angle of the thalamus just
dorsad of the habena. s., hippocampal, a constant
fissure of the cerebrum extending from the splenium
to near the tip of the temporal lobe; it is collocated
with the hippocampus major. Syn., hippocampal
fissure, s. horizontalis cerebelli, one between the
upper and lower surfaces of the cerebellum, s.
hypothalamicus. See aulix. s., interfioccular, in
lower mammals a deep sulcus dividing the para-
flocculus into two lobes, the supraflocculus dorsad
and the mediflocculus ventrad. s. intertubercularis,
the bicipital groove, s. intraparietalis, a more or
less confluent group of fissures in the parietal lobe,
s. limitans, the fissure between the striatum and the
thalamus, s. longitudinalis, interventricular groove,
s. lunatus, the lateral occipital fissure, s. mid-
gracilis, a fissure in the slender lobe of the cerebellum,
s., Monro's. See Monro's sulcus, s. nervi radialis,

the musculospiral groove, s., nodular, in com-
parative neurology, one apparently representing the
central fissure and separating the nodule of the
cerebellum from the uvula, s. olfactorius, the
fissure occupied by the olfactory tract and bulb.
s., paracentral (of Wilder), a fissure surrounding
the paracentral lobule, s. paramedians, one be-
tween the superfrontal fissure and the dorsimesal
border of the hemisphere, s. parolfactorius anterior
and posterior, fissures limiting the parolfactory area,
s., peduncular, of Wilder, a groove on the inner
edge of the crus cerebri lodging the third nerve.
Syn., oculomotor furrow. s. postcentralis, the
mesodorsal segment of the postcentral fissural com-
plex, back of the fissure of Rolando, s. postdeclivis,
a fissure separating the declivil lobe from the folium
vermis, s. postnodularis, a fissure between the
nodule and uvula of the cerebellum, s. postpyra-
midalis, one situated between the pyramid and the
tuber vermis, s. praeauricularis, part of the sulcus
around the auricular surface of the ilium, s. prae-
clivalis. See s., furcal. s., precentral, one situated
in front of the fissure of Rolando and running nearly
parallel with it. s. predeclivis, a fissure bounding the
declive and posterior part of the quadrangular lobule,
s. prepyramidalis, one situated between the uvula
and pyramid, s. pulmonalis, the vertical groove in
the back between the ribs and spine, s., pyramidal,
in comparative neurology, one arising just caudad of
the peduncular sulcus and extending caudodorso-
mesad in the form of a crescent; it divides the tuberal
and pyramidal lobes, s., Reirs, the sulcus in the
bottom of the Sylvian fissure, separating the insula
from the remainder of the hemisphere, s. rostralis,
any one of the fissures on the mesal surface of the
hemisphere and parallel to the mesorbital border,
s. spiralis, the grooved extremity of the lamina spiralis
of the cochlea, s. subcentralis, the lateroventral
segment of the postcentral fissural complex back of
the fissure of Rolando, s. temporalis superior,
medius, and inferior, the supertemporal, meditem-
poral, and subtemporal fissures, s., triradiate, the
orbital fissure, s. tubae eustachii, s. tubarius, a
depression on the petrosa for the cartilaginous part
of the Eustachian tube. Syn., groove for the Eusta-
chian tube; semicanalis tuba Eustachii. s. tympani-
cus, a furrow on the concave surface of the tympanic
plate for attachment of the membrana tympani.
s., uvular, in comparative neurology, one marking the
boundary of the pyramidal lobe, arising at the caudal
angle of the flocculus and extending caudoventro-
mesad. s., vertical. Same as s., precentral. s.,
Waldeyer's, the sulcus spiralis of the cochlea.

sulf-. For words beginning thus, see sulph-.

sulfur. See sulphur and its derivatives.

sulph- (sulf-) . See sulpho-.

sulphaldehyde (sulf -al' -de-hid) [sulphur; aldehyde].
A substance produced by the action of hydrogen
sulphide on ethylic aldehyde. It occurs in the form
of an oleaginous liquid of a repulsive odor, solidifying
at a temperature slightly below the freezing point.
It is a hypnotic, and is said to produce tranquil
sleep without any phenomena of excitation.

sulphamide (sul-fam'-id) [sulphur; amide]. One
of several compounds formed by the action of
sulphuryl chloride upon the free secondary amines.

sulphaminol (sul-fam'-in-ol) [sulphur; amine],
C12H9S2NO. Thioxydiphenylamine. An antiseptic
substance obtained by the action of sulphur on the
salts of methoxydiphenylamine. It is used by
insufflation in diseases of the antrum and frontal
sinuses. It has been used with success by insufflation
in the treatment of laryngeal tuberculosis. Dose in
cystitis gr. ij-v.

sulphanilic acid (sul-fan-il'-ik). See' acid, sul-
phanilic.

sulphas (sul'-fas) [L.: gen., sulphatis]. A sulphate.

sulphate (sul'-fat) [sulphur]. A salt of sulphuric acid.

sulphemoglobin, sulph aemoglobin (sulf-hem-o-gW-
bin) [sulphur; hemoglobin]. A substance formed by
the interaction of hemoglobin and hydrogen sulphide.

sulphemoglobinemia, sulphaemoglobinaemia (sulf-
hem-o-glo-bin-e' -me-dh) . The condition, and symp-
toms, due to the presence of sulphemoglobin in the
blood.

sulphhydrate (sulf -hi' -drat) [sulphur; 05«p, water].
A compound of a base with the univalent radical,
sulphhydryl, SH.

sulphhydric acid. Used improperly as a synonym
of sulphureted hydrogen.

SULPHIDE

857

SUMAC

sulphide (sul'-fid) [sulphur], A compound of
sulphur with an element or basic radical.

sulphin. See aureolin.

sulphinide (suV -fin-id) . Saccharin.

sulphite (sul'-fit) [sulphur]. A salt of sulphurous
acid.

sulpho- (sul-fo-) [sulphur]. An prefix denoting
containing sulphur, or SO2.

sulphoazotized (sul-fo-az'-o-tlzd). Containing sul-
phur and nitrogen.

sulphobenzide (sul-fo-ben'-ztd) , C12H10SO2. A crys-
talline substance obtained from benzene by action
of fuming sulphuric acid; soluble in ether; melts at
1290 C, boils at 3760 C. Syn., diphenylsulphone.

sulphocalcine (sul-fo-kaV -sen) . A proprietary
antiseptic and solvent said to contain calcium oxide,
washed sulphur, benzoboric acid, extract of pancreas,
and oils of wintergreen and eucalyptus; used as a
gargle or SDray in diphtheria.

sulphocarbol (sul-fo-kar'-bol). See acid, sulpho-
carbolic.

sulphocarbolate (sul-fo-kar'-bo-lat) [sulphur; car-
bolic]. A salt of sulphocarbolic acid.

sulphocarbolic acid (sul-fo-kar-bol'-ik). See acid,
sulphocarbolic.

sulphocarbonated (sul-fo-kar'-bon-a-ted). Contain-
ing sulphur and carbonic acid.

sulphocarbonilid (sul-fo-kar-bon-il'-id), C13H12N2S.
A crystalline substance obtained from anilin by action
of alcohol and carbon disulphide with heat; soluble
in alcohol and ether, melts at 1530 C. Syn., thio-
carbonilid.

sulphocarbonism {sul-fo-kar' -bon-izm) . Poisoning
by carbon disulphide through ingestion of some
substance containing it or through inhalation of the
fumes in manufactures (caoutchouc, etc.); marked
by narcosis, with fall of temperature, convulsive
chills, odor of radish on the breath, and in severe
cases with peripheral paralysis, general anesthesia,
and muscular atrophy.

sulphoform (sul'-fo-form). Trade name for a
triphenylstibine sulphide.

sulphogen (sul'-fo-jen). A proprietary antiferment
said to consist of sulphur, magnesia, aromatics, and
the active principle of Genista. It is indicated in
gastritis. dvsDepsia, etc.

sulphonal (sul'-fo-nal) [sulphur], C7H16S2O4. Di-
ethylsulphone-dimethylmethane, a crystalline sub-
stance soluble in 15 parts of boiling water and about
450 parts of cold water. It is used as an hypnotic
in insomnia from functional causes. Dose 10-40 gr.
(0.65-2.6 Gm.).

sulphonalism (sul-fon'-al-izm). A group of symp-
toms said to be occasioned by the prolonged ad-
ministration of sulphonal.

sulphonaphthol (sul-fo-naf'-thol). A proprietary
antiseptic.

sulphonate (sul'-fon-at). A salt of sulphonic acid.

sulphonation (sul-fon-a' -shun) . In chemistry the
introduction of a'sulpho-group in place of aromatic
hydrogen atoms.

sulphonethylmethane (sul-fon-eth-il-meth'-an) .

Sulphonethylmethanum (U. S. P.), C8Hi8S204. Tri-
onal, a. v. A product of the oxidation of mercaptol.
Dose 15 gr. (1 Gml

sulphonic acids (sul-fon'-ik). Organic acids which
contain the group SO2OH instead of the carboxyl
group COOH.

sulphonmethane (sul-fon-meth'-an) . Sulphon-
meihanum (U. S. P.), C7H16S2O4. Sulphonal, q. v.
Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.).

sulphoparaldehyde (sul-fo-par-aV -de-hid), (C4H4-
82)3. A crystalline substance, soluble in alcohol,
insoluble in water; recommended as a hypnotic.
Syn., trithialdehyde.

sulphophenate, sulphophenylate (sul-fo-fe'-nat, sul-
fo-fen'-il-at). See sulphocarbolate.

sulphophenol (sul-fo-fe'-nol). See acid, sulpho-
carbolic.

sulphophon (sul'-fo-fon). A mixture of zinc
sulphide and calcium sulphate.

sulphosalicylic acid. See acid, sulphosalicylic.

sulphosote (sul'-fo-sol). Potassium creosote sul-
phonate. It is antituberculous. Dose 5-20 gr.
(0.3-1.3 Gm.) several times daily.

sulphourea {sul-fo-u'-re-ah). See thiourea.

sulphovinic acid (sul-fo-vi' -nik) , C2H5.HSO4,
ethylsulphuric acid, a monobasic acid formed by
the action of sulphuric acid on alcohol.

sulphoxism (sul-foks'-izm). Poisoning with sul-
phuric acid.

sulphur (sul'-fur) [L.: gen., sulphur is]. A non-
metallic element found native in volcanic regions
(volcanic sulphur), and occurring combined with
several metals, especially iron and copper, in the
form of sulphides, called iron and copper pyrites.
Sulphur can exist in various allotropic forms. The
ordinary sulphur is a yellow, brittle solid, having a
specific gravity of 2.07 and an atomic weight of 32.07.
Symbol S. Its valence is two or six. Sulphur com-
bines with oxygen to form sulphurous oxide (sulphur
dioxide), SO2, and sulphuric oxide (sulphur trioxide),
SO3, which by uniting with water form corresponding
acids — sulphurous acid, H2SO3, and sulphuric acid,
H2SO4. Other acids are also formed: hyposulphurous
acid, H2SO2, thiosulphuric acid, H2S2O3, and a series
of acids' termed thionic acids, viz., H2S2O6, H2S3O6,
H2S4O6, and H2S5O6. Sulphurous oxide, SO2, is
employed as a disinfectant by fumigation. With
hydrogen sulphur forms the offensively smelling gas,
hydrogen sulphide (hydrosulphuric acid or sul-
phureted hydrogen), H2S. With metals and other
bases it forms sulphides. Sulphur is laxative and
diaphoretic. It has been used in hemorrhoids,
chronic rheumatism, gout, and locally in diphtheria
and in various diseases of the skin, especially acne
and scabies, s.-alcohol, mercaptan. s., balsam of,
a solution of sulphur in linseed-oil. s. dioxide. See
sulphur, s. iodide (sulphuris iodidum, U. S. P.,
B. P.), S2I3, employed in various skin diseases. _ From
it is prepared unguentum iodidi (B. P.). s., liver of,
potassium sulphide, s., milk of. See s., precipi-
tated, s. ointment (unguentum sulphuris, U. S. P.,
B. P.), an ointment prepared from washed sulphur,
s., precipitated (sulphur prcecipitatum, U. S. P.,
B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4712 Gm.). s., ruby. See
arsenic disulphide. s., spirit of, sulphuric acid, s.,
sublimed (sulphur sublimatum, U. S. P., B. P.),
a fine yellow powder, having a slight characteristic
odor, and a faintly acid taste. Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12
Gm.). Syn., flowers of sulphur, s. trioxide. See
sulphur, s., vegetable. See lycopodium. s., washed
(sulphur lotum, U. S. P.), a fine yellow powder with-
out odor or taste. Dose h dr.-f oz. (2-16 Gm.).

sulphuraria (sul-fu-ra'-re-ah). A sediment of the
San Filippo Springs, used in skin diseases. A yellow
powder, containing sulphur, 32.96 %; calcium sul-
phide, 36. 55 %; organic substances, 13.44%; silica
and strontium sulphate, 1.07 %.

sulphurated (sul'-fu-ra-ted) [sulphur]. Combined
with sulphur.

sulphur ation (sul-fu-ra' -shun) [sulphur]. The act
of dressing, anointing, or impregnating with sulphur.

sulphuret (sul'-fu-ret). A sulphide, s., golden, a
sulphuret of antimony obtained by precipitating
antimonic acid by sulphureted hydrogen.

sulphureted (sul'-fu-ret'-ed) [sulphur]. Combined
with sulphur, s. hydrogen. See under sulphur.

sulphureus (sul-fii'-re-us). 1. Used by Mayou
(1679) and early chemists in the sense of combustible,
as those substances capable of burning were sup-
posed to contain a "sulphur" which gave them that
property. _ 2. See sulphurous.

sulphuric (sul-fu'-rik) [sulphur]. Combined with
sulphur; derived from sulphur trioxide, SO3. s. acid.
See acid, sulphuric, and sulphur.

sulphuricity (sul-fu-ris'-it-e). The state of being
sulphurous.

sulphurize (suV -ju-riz) . To impregnate with
sulphur.

sulphurous (sul-fu'-rus or sul'-fu-rus) [sulphur].
1. Of the nature of sulphur. 2. Combined with
sulphur; derived from sulphur dioxide, SO2. s. acid.
See acid, sulphurous, and sulphur.

sulphume (sul'-fum). A proprietary preparation
said to be "liquid sulphur." Also said to be similar
to sulphurine, or to Vleminckx's solution.

sulphurine (sul'-fii-ren). A preparation of some of
the higher sulphides of sodium and potassium with
sulphur.

sulphydryl (sulf-hi'-dril). The univalent radical
SH.

sum. Abbreviation of Latin sume, tak^ or
sumendus, a um, to be taken; used as a direction in
prescriptions.

sumac, sumach (su'-mak) [Ar., summoq, sumac].
The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches
of Rhus coriaria, R. cortinus, and other species of
Rhus, used in the manufacture of leather. Sumac

SUMBUL

858

SUPEROCCIPITAL

contains from 16 to 24 per cent, of a tannin that seems
to be identical with gallotannic acid. See rhus.

sumbul (sum'-bul). Musk-root. The sumbul of
the U. S. P. is the dried rhizome and root of an
undetermined plant, probably of the family Um-
belliferce. It contains angelic acid, C5H8O2, and a
little valerianic acid, C5H10O2. It is used as a
nervine in neurasthenia, hysteria, and in anemia,
chronic bronchitis, etc. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.).
s., extract of {extr actum sumbul, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr.
(0.25 Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum sum-
bul, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min. (2 Cc). s., tincture of
(tinctura sumbul, B. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-
4.0 Cc).

summation {sum-a'-shun) [summatio]. The ac-
cumulation of effects, especially of those of muscular,
sensory, or mental stimuli, s. of stimuli, if a stimu-
lus in itself insufficient to cause contraction of a
muscle be repeatedly applied in proper tempo and
strength, contraction will finally be produced.
Similar summation occurs in nervous tissue, and
the cardiac contractions exhibit a rhythm of increased
force, called staircase or treppe rhythm.

summational (sum-a'-shun-al) [summatio, a sum-
ming up]. Produced by summation, s. tones,
supposed production of new tones by the summation
or addition of the number of vibrations of existing
tones.

summer catarrh. See hay-fever, s. complaint.
See cholera infantum, s. granulations. See tra-
choma, s. rash. Same as lichen tropicus, s. savory,
the leaves of Satureia hortensis, stimulant, car-
minative, and emmenagogue. Dose of the Fid. ext.
5j-iv.

summer-rash. Lichen tropicus.
sunburn. Superficial inflammation of the skin
caused by exposure to the sun.

Sun cholera mixture [New York "Sun," in which
the formula was originally published]. It consists
of tincture of opium 25, tincture of capsicum 12.5,
tincture of rhubarb 12.5, spirit of camphor 25, spirit
of peppermint 25, and alcohol 25. Dose 30 minims
(2 Cc).
sunstroke. Insolation.

super- (sii-per-) [L., "above" or "upon"]. A pre-
fix denoting above, upon, or excessive.

superabduction (su-per-ab-duk'-shun) [super-; ab-
duction]. Excessive abduction.

superacidity {su-per-as-id'-it-e). See hyperacidity.
superacromial (su-per-dk-ro' -me-al) [super-; acro-
mion]. Situated or occurring above or upon the
acromion.

superacute (sic'-per-ak-ut) [super-; acutus, pointed].
Extremely acute.

superalbal (su-per-al'-bal). Situated in the upper
part of the substantia alba.

superalbuminosis (.su-per-al-bu-min-o'-sis) [super- ;
albumin]. The over-production of albumin.

superalimentation (sii-per-al-im-en-ta'-shun) [su-
per-; alimentation]. Overfeeding.

superanal (su-per-a'-nal). Same as supraanal.
superatrophy (su-per-at'-ro-fe). Excessive atrophy,
super callosal (sic-per-kal-o'-sal) [super-; callosum].
Situated above or occurring above the callosum.

supercarbonate (su-per-kar'-bon-at). A bicarbo-
nate.

supercentral (su-per-sen'-tral). Eying above the
center.

supercerebral (su-per-ser'-e-bral). In the superior
part of the cerebrum.

supercilia (su-per-sil'-e-ah). Plural of super cilium.
superciliary (su-per-sil'-e-a-re) [super-; cilium, eye-
lash]. Pertaining to the eyebrow, s. entropion,
incurvation of hajrs of the eyebrow against the
conjunctiva, s. ridges, the projecting apophyses
at the anterior surface of the frontal bone.

supercilium {su-per-sil'-e-um) [L.]. The eye-
brow.

superconception (su-per-kon-sep'-shun). Same as
super fetation.

superdentate (su-per-den'-tat) [super-; dens, tooth].
Having teeth only in the upper jaw.

superdistention (su-per-dis-ten'-shun) [super-; dis-
tendyre, to distend]. Excessive distention.

superduct (sii'-per-dukt). To elevate; to lead up-
ward.

superduction (su-per-duk'-shun). Maddox's term
for sursumduction.

superdural (sil-per-du'-ral). Lying in the upper
part of the dura.

superevacuation (su-per-e-vak-u-a'-shun). Exces-
sive evacuation.

superexcitation isu-per-ek-si-ta' -shun) . Excessive
excitement.

superextension {su-per-eks-ten'-shun) [super-; ex-
tender e, to extend]. Excessive extension.

superfecundation (su-per-fe-kun-da'-shun) [super-;
fecundus, fertile]. The fertilization of more than one
ovum of the same ovulation resulting from separate
acts of coitus. _

superf ecundity {sii-per-fe-kun'-dit-e) [super- ; fecun-
dus, fertile]. Superabundant fecundity.

superfetation, superf cetation (su-per-fe-ta'-shun) [su-
per-; fetus]. A fertilization of an ovum when there
is another from a previous ovulation in the uterus.
Conception by a pregnant woman.

superfibrination (su-per-fib-rin-a'-shun) [super-;
fibrin]. Excessive formation of fibrin in the blood.

superficial (su-per-fish'-al) [super-; fades, face].
Confined to or pertaining to the surface, s. fascia,
a sheet of fatty areolar tissue under the skin.

superficialis (su-per-fish-e-a'-lis) [L.]. 1. Superficial
2. A superficial artery, or muscle, or other part, as
superficialis voice, a superficial branch of the radial
artery.

superficies (sur-per-fish-ez) [L.]. The surface or
outside.

superfissure (sii'-per-fish-er) [super-; fissure].
The lines of overlapping of a supergyre. Also, the
lines of two supergyres meeting from opposite direc-
tions. ,

superflexion {su-per-flek'-shun) [super-; flexion].
Excessive flexion.

superfrontal (sil-per-frun'-tal) [super-; frons, fore-
head]. Superior or upper, as a fissure in the upper
part of the frontal lobe of the brain.

superf unction (su-per-funk'-shun). Excessive ac-
tion of an organ or structure.

supergenual (su-per-jen'-u-al) [super-; genu, knee].
Situated above the knee.

supergyre (sil'-per-jir). See subgyre.

superhumeral {su-per-hu' -mer-aV) . Borne upon the
shoulders; situated above the shoulders.

superhumerale {su-per-hu-mer-a'-le). The acro-
mion.

superimposed (su-per-im-pozd') [super-; imposed].
Placed one upon another.

superimpregnation (su-per-im-preg-na'-shun). 1.
See superfetation and superfecundation. 2. Poly-
spermy, the piercing of the ovum by several sperm-
cells.

superincumbent (sii-per-in-kumf-bent) [super-; in-
cumbere, to lie upon]. Lying or resting upon some-
thing else.

superinduce (su-per-in-dus') [super inducer e, to
bring upon]. To bring on as a complication of a con-
dition already existing.

superinvolution (su-per-in-vo-lu'-shuri) [super-; in-
volutere, to involute]. Hyperinvolution; excessive
rolling up.

superior {su-pe'-re-or) [comparative of superus,
high]. Higher; denoting the upper of two parts.

superlabia (su-per-la'-be-ah) [super-; labium, a
lip]. The clitoris.

superlactation (su-per-lak-ta'-shun) [super-; lac,
milk]. 1. Excess of the secretion of milk. 2. Ex-
cessive continuance of lactation.

superligamen (su-per-li-ga'-men) [super-; ligamen,
a bandage]. An outer bandage to hold a surgical
dressing in place.

supermedial (su-per-me' -de-aV) . Above the middle.

supermotility (su-per-mo-til'-it-e). Excessive mo-
tility.

supernatant (sil-per-na'-tant) [super-; natans,
swimming]. Floating upon the surface of a liquid.

supernidation {su-per-nid-a' -shun) [super-; nidus,
nest]. Excessive proliferation of the menstrual
decidua, resulting sometimes in membranous dys-
menorrhea.

supernormal (su-per-nor'-mal). Pertaining to a
faculty or phenomenon which is beyond the level of
ordinary experience; pertaining to a transcendental
world.

supernumerary (su-per-nu'-mer-a-re) [super-; nu-
merus, a number]. Existing in more than the usual
number.

supernutrition (su-per-nu-trish'-un) [super-; nutrire,
to nourish]. Excessive nourishment. See hyper-
trophy. •

superoccipital (su-per-ok-sip'-it-al) [super-; oca-

SUPEROLATERAL

859

SUPRAMAMMARY

put]. Situated at or near the upper part of the
occiput.

superolateral (su-per-o-lat' -er-aV) . Located in the
upper part of the side of a structure.

superoxidized (su-per-oks'-id-izd) [super-; 6^vs,
acid]. Having an excess of oxygen above the usual
amount which satisfies the combining capacities of
the other elements of a body.

superoxygenation (su-per-oks-e-jen-a'-shun). Ex-
cessive oxygenation.

superparasite (su-per-par' -as-it) [super-; parasite].
In biology, a parasite of parasites.

superparasitic (su-per-par-as-it'-ik). Pertaining to
superparasitism.

superparasitism (su-per-par'-as-i-tizm) [super- ;
parasite]. The infestation of parasites by other
parasites.

superpetrosal (su-per-pet-ro'-sal). Situated on the
upper part of the Detrosa.

superphosphate (su-per-fos'-fdt). An acid phos-
phate.

superpigmentation (su-per-pig-men-ta'-shun). Ex-
cessive pigmentation.

supersacral (su-per-sa'-kraV) [super-; sacrum].
Situated over the sacrum.

supersalt (su'-per-sawlt). An acid salt.

supersaturate (su-per-sat'-u-rdt) [super-; saturare,
to saturate]. To saturate to excess; to add more of
a substance than a liquid can normally and perma-
nently dissolve.

super scapular (su-per-skap'-u-lar) . Same as supra-
scapular.

superscription (su-per-skrip'-shun). The sign 1$
abbreviation of Latin recipe, take), at the beginning
of a prescription.

supersecretion (su-per-se-kre'-shun) [super-; secer-
nere, to secrete]. Excessive secretion.

supersensitive (su-per-sen'-sit-iv) . Abnormally
sensitive.

supersphenoid (su-per-sfen'-oid) [super-; sphenoid].
Situated cephalad or dorsad of the sphenoid bone.

superspinatus (su-per-spi-na'-tus). In veterinary
anatomy an extensor of the humerus which has no
exact analogue in man.

supersquamosal (su-per-skwa-mo'-sal) [super- ;
squama, scale]. A bone of the skull of ichthyosaurus,
behind the postfrontal and postorbital.

supertemporal (su-per-iem' -po-raV) [super-; tem-
poral]. Situated high up in the temporal region.

supertension (su-per-ten' -shun) . See hypertension.

supervenosity (su-per-ve-nos'-it-e) [super-; venosus,
venous]. The condition in which the blood has be-
come venous to a high degree.

supervention (su-per-ven'-shun) [super-; venire, to
come]. That which is added; an extraneous, or un-
expected condition added to another, as the super-
vention of septicemia, or other complication in dis-
ease.

superversion \ (su-per-vur'-shun) . See sur sum-
version.

supination (su-pin-a'-shun) [supinus, on the back],
i. The turning of the palm of the hand upward.
2. The condition of being supine; lying on the back.

supinator (su'-pin-a-tor). See under muscle.

supine (su-pin') [supinus, on the back]. Lying
on the back face upward or palm upward.

suplagalbumin (su-plag-aV -bu-miri) . See sucholo-
albumin.

suplagotoxin (su-plag-o-toks'-in). See sucholo-
loxin.

suppedaneous (sup-ed-a' -ne-us) [sub, under; pes,
foot]. Pertaining to the sole of the foot.

supplemental (sup-le-men'-tal) [supplere, to com-
plete]. Additional, s. air. See under respiration.

support (sup-orf) [supportare, to carry], i. The
act of holding anything in its position. 2. Any
appliance acting as a supporter.

supporter (sup-or'-ter) [supportare, to carry]. An
apparatus intended to aid in supporting a prolapsed
organ (as the uterus), or a pendulous abdomen.

suppositorium (sup-oz-it-o'-re-um) [supponere, to
place under: gen., suppositorii ; pi., suppositoria].
See suppository.

suppository (sup-oz'-it-o-re) [suppositorium, from
sub-, under; ponere, to place]. A solid medicated
compound designed to be introduced into the rec-
tum, urethra, or vagina. Its consistence is such that
while retaining its shape at ordinary temperatures,
it readily melts at the temperature of the body.
The basis of most suppositories is oil of theobroma.

For. urethral suppositories a mixture of gelatin and
glycerol is used. The only suppositories that are
official are the glycerol suppositories (suppositoria
glycerini, U. S. P.). See under glycerin, s., tannic-
acid, one part of tannin to five parts of cacao-butter.

suppression (sup-resh'-un) [suppressio, a keeping
back]. A sudden cessation of secretion, as suppres-
sion of the urine or of the menses.

suppurant (sup'-u-rant) [suppuration], i. Pro-
moting suppuration. 2. An agent promoting sup-
puration.

suppuration (sup-u-ra'-shun) [subpurare, to form
pus]. The formation of pus.

suppurative (sup'-u-ra-tiv) [suppuration], i. Pro-
ducing pus. 2. An agent that favors suppuration,
s. fever, pyemia, q. v.

supra- (sii-prah-) [L., "above"]. A prefix signi-
fying upon or above.

supra-acromial (su-prah-ak-ro' -me-al) [supra-; acro-
mion]. Situated above the acromion.

supra-anal (su-prah-a'-nal) [supra-; anus]. Situ-
ated above the anus.

supra-auricular (sii-prah-aw-rik'-u-lar) [supra- ; auri-
cle]. Above the external ear. s. point. See under
craniometric point.

supra-axillary [supra-; axilla]. Above the axilla.

suprabuccal (su-prah-buk'-al) [supra-; bucca,
mouth]. Above the buccal region.

supracapsulin (su-prah-kap'-su-lin). Trade name
of a preparation of the suprarenal capsule.

supracephalic (su-prah-sef-al'-ik) [supra-; xetfaXiy,
head]. Placed on the head.

suprachoroid (su-prah-ko'-roid) [supra-; choroid].
Above the choroid or the choroid plexus.

suprachoroidea (su-prah-ko-roid'-e-ah). The cho-
roid layer next to the sclera.

supraciliary (su-prah-sil'-e-a-re). Same as super-
ciliary.

supraclavicular (su-prah-kla-vik'-u-lar) [supra- ;
clavicle]. Above the clavicle.

supracommissure (su-prah-kom'-ish-ilr) [supra- ;
commissure]. The commissure of the brain just in
front of the stalk of the epiphysis.

supracondylar, supracondyloid (su-prah-kon'-dil-ar,
sii-prah-kon'-dil-oid) [supra-; condyle]. Above a
condyle.

supracostal (su-prah-kos'-tal) [supra-; costa, a
rib]. Above the ribs.

supracotyloid (su-prah-kot'-il-oid) [supra-; coty-
loid]. Above the cotyloid cavity.

supradiaphragmatic (su-prah-di-af-rag-mal'-ik)

[supra-; diaphragm]. Situated above the diaphragm.

supradin (su-prad'-in). A powdered preparation
of the suprarenal capsules, containing 0.015 per cent,
of iodine.

supradorsal (su-prah-dor'-sal) [supra-; dorsum,
back]. Dorsal; placed dorsally.

supra epicondylar (su-prah-ep-e-kon' -dil-ar) . Situ-
ated above an epicondyle.

supraesophageal (su-prah-e-so-faj'-e-al) [supra-;
esophagus]. Situated above the gullet.

supraflocculus (su-prah-flok'-u-lus). The dorsal
lobe of the paraflocculus in the lower mammals.

supragenual. See supergenual.

supraglenoid (su-prah-glen'-oid). Above the glen-
oid cavity.

supraglottic (su-prah-glot'-ik) [supra-; yXwrris,
glottis]. Above the glottis.

suprahepatic (su-prah-hep-at'-ik) . Above the liver,
s. veins, the hepatic veins.

suprahyoid (su-prah-hi'-oid) [supra- ; hyoid]. Above
the hyoid bone.

suprailiac (su-prah-il'-e-ak) [supra-; ilium]. Above
or at the upper end of the ilium.

suprainguinal (su-prah-in'-gwin-al). Above the
groin.

supraintestinal (su-prah-in-test'-in-al) [supra- ;
intestine]. Above the intestine.

supralabial (su-prah-la'-be-aV) [supra-; labium,
lip]. Pertaining to or situated above the upper lip.

supralabialis (su-prah-la-be-a'-lis). See levator
labii superioris under muscle.

supraliminal (su-prah-lim'-in-al) [supra-; limen,
threshold]. Lying above the threshold, s. con-
sciousness, the empirical self of common experience.

supralumbar (su-prah-lum'-bar). Above the loin.

supramalleolar (su-prah-mal-e'-o-lar) [supra-; mal-
leolus]. Above a malleolus.

supramammary (su-prah-mam'-a-re) [supra-; mam-
ma, breast]. Above the mammary gland.

SUPRAMANDIBULAR

860

SURGEONSHIP

supramandibular (su-prah-man-dib'-u-lar) . Situ-
ated above the mandible.

supramarginal (su-prah-mar'-jin-al) [supra-; mar-
gin]. Above an edge or margin, as the supramarginal
convolution of the brain.

supramastoid (su-prah-mas'-toid) [supra-; mastoid].
Above the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

supramaxilla (su-prah-maks-il'-ah) [supra-; max-
illa]. The supramaxillary bone.

supramaxillary (su-prah-maks'-il-a-re) [supra- ;
maxilla]. Pertaining to the superior maxilla.

supramental (su-prah-men'-tal) [supra-; mentum,
chin]. Above the chin.

supranasal (su-prah-na'-sal) [supra-; nasus, nose].
Above the nose. s. point. See craniometric points.

supraneural (su-prah-nu'-ral) [supra- ; vevpov, nerve]
Over or above the neural axis.

supranuclear (su-prah-nu'-kle-ar). Above the
nucleus.

supraobliquus (su-prah-ob-li'-kwus) [supra-; ob-
liquus, slanting]. Coues' name for the obliquus
superior muscle of the eye.

supraoccipital (su-prah-ok-sip'-it-al) [supra-; occi-
put], i. Above the occipital bone. 2. The upper
part of the occipital bone.

supraocclusion (su-prah-dk-lu'-zjun). The condi-
tion of a tooth which has erupted further from its
socket than normal.

supraomphalodymia (su-prah-om-fal-o-dim'-e-ah)
[supra-; 6fi<t>a\6s, navel; Svetv, to enter]. A form of
somatodymia in which the union is in the superior
umbilical region.

supraorbital (su-prah-or' -bit-al) [supra-; orbit].
1. Above the orbit, as the supraorbital nerve. 2. Per-
taining to the supraorbital nerve, s. ridge. The
curved prominent margin forming the upper boundary
of the orbit, s. foramen, a foramen at the inner third
of the orbit; it transmits the supraorbital artery, vein,
and nerve. Sometimes it is incomplete, being but a
notch or groove, and then is called the 5. notch, s.
point. See craniometric points.

suprapatellar (su-prah-pat-el'-ar) [supra-; patella].
Above the patella.

suprapedal (su-prah-ped'-al) [supra-; pes, foot].
Above the foot.

suprapelvic (su-prah-pel'-vik) [supra-; pelvis].
Above the pelvis.

suprapharyngeal (sil-prah-far-in'-je-al) [supra- ;
pharynx]. Above the pharynx.

suprapineal (su-prah-pin'-e-al) [supra-; pineal].
Above the pineal gland.

suprapontine (su-prah-pon'-tin) [supra-; pons, a
bridge]. Above or in the superior part of the pons.

suprapubic (su-prah-pu'-bik) [supra-; pubis].
Above the pubes.

suprarenaden (su-prah-r en' -ad-en). A preparation
made from the suprarenal capsules; used in Addi-
son's disease, neurasthenia, etc. Dose 15-23 gr.
(1.0-1.5 Gm.) daily.

suprarenal (su-prah-re'-nal) [supra-; ren, the kid-
ney]. 1. Above the kidney, as the suprarenal
capsule. 2. Pertaining to the suprarenal capsule.
s. body, s. capsule, a small triangular organ situated
above the kidney, and consisting of an external or
cortical and an internal or medullary portion. The
cortex consists of polygonal cells disposed in three
layers — the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and
zona reticularis. Fibrous septa, derived from the
capsule, extend into the organ and separate the
groups of cells. The medulla contains cords and
networks of polygonal cells, and in its center ganglion-
cells and nonmedullated nerve-fibers. The function
of the suprarenal body is not definitely known — it is
believed to bear some relation to pigment production,
s. epithelioma. See Grawitz's tumor, s. rests. See
rests, adrenal.

suprarenalin (su-prah-ren'-al-in). A preparation
of suprarenal glands; used as a vasoconstrictor and
hemostatic.

suprarene (su'-prah-ren). A suprarenal capsule.

suprarenin (su-prah-r en' -in). A synonym of epine-
phrin.

suprascapular (su-prah-skap'-u-lar) [supra-; scap-
ula]. Above or in the upper part of the scapula.

supraseptal (su-prah-sep'-tal) [supra-; septum]. Sit-
uated above a septum.

supraspinal (su-prah-spi'-nal) [supra-; spine], A-
bove a spine.

supraspinales (su-prah-spi-na'-lez). See under
muscle.

supraspinatus (su-prah-spi-na'-tus) [supra-; spine].
Above the spine, as the supraspinatus muscle. See-
under muscle.

supraspinous (su-prah-spi'-nus) [see supraspi-
natus]. Above the spinous process of the scapula or of
a vertebra, s. fossa, the triangular depression above
the spine of the scapula.

suprastapedial (su-prah-sta-pe'-de-al) [supra-; sta-
pes]. Above the stapes.

suprasternal (su-prah-ster'-nal) [supra-; sternum]*
Above the sternum.

suprasylvian (su-prah-sil'-ve-an) . Above the Syl-
vian fissure.

suprasymphyseal (su-prah-sim-fiz'-e-al) . Above the
symphysis pubis.

supratemporal (su-prah-tem'-po-ral) [supra-; tem-
poral]. Above the temporal region.

suprathoracic (sil-prah-tho-ras'-ik) [supra-; thorax].
Above the thorax.

supratrochlear (sii-prah-trok'-le-ar) [supra-; troch-
lea]. Above the trochlea or pulley of the superior
oblique muscle.

supraturbinal (su-prah-tur'-bin-al). The superior
turbinate bone.

supratympanic (su-prah-tim-pan'-ik) [supra-; tym-
panum]. Above the tympanum.

supravaginal (su-prah-vaj'-in-al) [supra-; vagina].
1. Above a sheath; on the outside of a sheath. 2.
Above the vagina.

supraverge (sil'-prah-verj) [supra-; verger e, to in-
cline]. To diverge in a vertical plane.

supravergence (su-prah-ver'-jenz). The ability of
the two eyes to diverge in a vertical plane; an ability
measured by a prism of 2°-3°. Syn., sursumver-
gence. s., right, the ability to overcome prisms, base
down, before the right eye, or base up before the left
eye.

sura (su'-rah) [L.]. 1. The calf of the leg. 2. A
form of toddy made in Western Africa from the sap
of the oil-palm.

sural (su'-ral) [sura]. Pertaining to the calf of the
leg.

suralimentation (sur-al-im-en-ta' -shun) [super-;
alimentation]. The method of forced feeding or over-
alimentation sometimes employed in pulmonary
tuberculosis and other diseases.

suranal (sur-a'-nal). Same as supra-anal.

surcingle (sur'-sin-gl) [super-; cingulum, a belt].
The tail of the corpus striatum.

surculus (sur'-kii-lus) [L., "a twig, shoot"; pi.,
surculi]. In biology, a sucker, surculi fellei, the
ductules conveying the bile to the hepatic ducts.

surditas (sur'-dit-as). Synonym of deafness, s.
verbalis, see aphasia.

surdity (sur'-dit-e) [surdus, deaf]. Deafness.

surdomute (sur'-do-mut) [surdus, deaf; mutus,
mute]. A deaf and dumb person.

surdomutitas (sur-do-mu'-tit-as) [surdus; mutust
mute]. Deaf-mutism.

surdus (sur'-dus). See deaf.

surexcitation (sur-eks-i-ta'-shun) [super-; excitatio,
a rousing]. Excessive excitement.

surface (sur'-fas) [Fr., surface]. 1. The exterior
of a body. 2. The face or faces of a body; a term
frequently used in anatomy in the description of
bones, s., fixation, a curved surface the points of
which occupy in the two monocular fields positions
which are identical horizontally, regardless of vertical
disparity, s., labial, the surface of a tooth-crown
which is toward the lips, s.-markings, (in anatomy),
marks made upon the skin to indicate the size, shape,
and position of underlying structures, s.-wells,
those which obtain their supply from the subsoil
water.

surgeon (sur'-jun) [see surgery]. One who prac-
tises surgery, s.-apothecary, in England, one who is
licensed to practise by the Royal College of Surgeons
and by the Apothecaries' Society, s.-aurist, an otol-
ogist, s.-dentist, a dentist who practises the surgi-
cal as well as the mechanical parts of his profession.
s.-general, the title of certain surgeons of high rank,
chiefly in the military and naval services, s.-gen-
eralship, the office of a surgeon-general, s-ship, the
office of a surgeon, s., veterinary, one who treats
disease of the domestic animals.

surgeoncy (sur'-jun-se) [surgeon]. The office of
surgeon, military or naval.

surgeonry (sur'-jun-re). The practice of a surgeon.

surgeonship (sur'-jun-ship). The office of a sur-
geon.

SURGERY

861

SUTURE

surgery (sur'-jer-e) [x«'p, hand; epyeiv, to work].
The branch of medicine dealing with diseases requir-
ing operative procedure, s., antiseptic, the appli-
cation of antiseptic methods in the treatment of
wounds. s., aseptic, operative procedure in the
absence of germs, everything coming in contact with
the wound being steiile. s., conservative, measures
directed to the preservation rather than to the re-
moval of a part, s., major, that in which the
operations are important and involve risks to life.
s., military, that pertaining to gunshot wounds and
other injuries peculiar to military' life, s., minor,
that part of surgery including procedures not involv-
ing danger to life, as bandaging, the application of
splints, dressings, sutures, counterirritation, cauteri-
zation, and bloodletting, s., operative, that which
refers to the performance of operations, s., ortho-
pedic, the remedy of deformities by manual and
instrumental measures, s., plastic, repair of absent
or defective tissue by transference of tissue from
another part or person. s., railway, deals with
injuries received on railways, s., veterinary, the
surgery of domestic animals.

surgical (sur'-jik-al) [surgery], i. Pertaining to
surgery. 2. Produced by surgical operations. 3.
A name applied in some hospitals to a piece of cotton
or other material, used by the physician to remove the
lubricant from his fingers after vaginal or rectal
examination, and before washing his hands, s.
fever, fever following operation or injury, s. kidney,
suppuration of the kidney due to disease of the gen-
itourinary tract, s. neck (of the humerus), the con-
stricted part of the shaft below the tuberosities, so
called because it is a common seat of fracture, s.
sore-throat, sore-throat due to absorption of septic
matters in hospitals; it sometimes attacks internes
and nurses, s. tuberculosis, tuberculous disease that
may be reached by operative treatment, e. g., that
involving glands, joints, bone, and the like.

Surinam bark {su' -rin-am) . The bark of Andira
retusa, used as an anthelmintic.

surinamine (su-rin-am' -en) . An alkaloid found by
Huttenschmid, 1824, in the bark of Andira retusa.
It forms fine, gleaming needles, without taste or odor
and of neutral reaction, soluble in water, and with
anthelmintic action. Syn., andirine; geoffroyine.

surons (su'-rons). Skins which have served the
purpose of carrying drugs, especially from South
America.

surra (soor'-rah) [native Indian name]. An epi-
zootic pernicious anemia in horses, mules, and camels
due to Trypanosoma evansi.

surrenal {sur-re'-nal) [supra-; ren, the kidney]. 1.
Suprarenal. 2. A suprarenal gland.

surrogate (sur'-o-gat) [surrogatus, substituted].
Any medicine or ingredient used as a substitute for'
another and more expensive ingredient, or one toi
which there is a special objection in any particular
case.

sursumduction {sur-sum-duk'-shun) [sursum, up;
ducere, to lead]. 1. The power of the two eyes of
fusing two images when one eye has a prism placed
vertically before it. 2. See supravergence. 3. A
movement of either eye alone upward, s., right, the
absolute power that the right eye has to rotate up-
ward.

sursumvergence (sur-sum-vur'-jenz) [sursum; ver-
ger e, to bend]. The turning of the eyes upward;
supravergence.

sursumversion (sur-sum-ver'-shun) [sursum; ver-
tere, to turn]. The movement of both eyes up.

surumpe. The name in the Andes for hyperesthe-
sia of the retina observed at great altitudes.

survival (sur-vi'-vl). The persistence of an in-
dividual or race after the general extinction of related
forms.

survivorship (sur-vi'-vor-ship) [super; vivere, to
live]. In medical jurisprudence the probability of a
certain individual having survived others when all
concerned were in the same accident and all were
killed.

susceptible (sus-sep'-tib-l) [suscipere, to undertake].
Sensitive to an influence. In pathology, liable to
become affected with a disease.

susceptivity (sus-sep-tiv'-it-e) [suscipere, to under-
take]. The state or quality of being susceptible.

suscitability (sus-si-ta-bil'-it-e) [suscitare, to lift
up]. The quality of being easily roused or excited.

suscitation (sus-si-la'-shun). The act of exciting.

susotoxin (su-so-lok' -sin) [sus, pig; to^ikov, poison],

C10H26X2. A toxin found in cultures of the bacillus
of hog cholera.

suspended {sus-pen'-ded) [suspendere, to hang up].

1. Hanging; applied to an ovule hanging from the
ovarian wall, or a seed from the summit of a cell.

2. Interrupted, s. animation, a term sometimes ap-
plied to the temporary cessation of the vital func-
tions. It may be due to asphyxia, to syncope, or to
the trance-like condition that closely simulates death,
in which the patient may remain for some hours or
even days. s. matter, undissolved particles dif-
fused throughout a liquid.

suspension {sus-pen'-shun) [sub-; pendere, to hang].
1. Hanging; a mode of treatment of tabes dorsalis and
other nervous diseases, in which the patient hangs by
the neck, chin, and shoulders. 2. Temporary ces-
sation of a function or process.

suspensoid (sus-pen'-soid). An apparent solution
which is seen, by the microscope, to consist of small
particles of the solute in active Brownian movement.

suspensorium (sus-pen-so'-re-um) [sub, under; pen-
dere, to hang]. That upon which anything hangs for
support, s. hepatis, the suspensory ligament of the
liver, s. testis, the cremaster muscle, s. vesicae,
the superior false ligament of the urinary bladder.

suspensory (sus-pen'-so-re) [see suspension]. 1.
Serving for suspension or support, as suspensory lig-
ament, suspensory bandage. 2. A device for sus-
pending a part.

suspiration {sus-pi-ra'-shun) [suspiratio]. A sigh,
q. v. ; the act of sighing.

sustentacula (sus-ten-tak'-ii-lar) [sustentaculum,
sustentare, to support]. Pertaining to or serving as
a sustentaculum, s. cells, a name given to certain
supporting cells in the testicle, s. tissue, supporting
tissue.

sustentaculum (siis-ten-tak' '-u-lum) [sustentare, to
support]. A support, s. Herds, the suspensory lig-
ament of the spleen, s. tali, a process of the os calcis
supporting the astragalus.

sustoxin. See susotoxin.

susurration (su-sur-ra'-shuti) [susurratio]. A mur-
mur, or susurrus.

susurrus (sil-sur'-rus) [L.]. A soft murmur in
aneurysm, cardiac diseases, contracting muscle, etc.
s. aurium, see tinnitus aurium.

sutura (su-til'-rah) [L.]. See suture

sutural (su'-til-ral) [suture]. Pertaining to or hav-
ing the nature of a suture.

suture (su'-tilr) [suhira, a seam]. 1. A line
of joining or closure, as a cranial suture. 2. A
stitch or series of stitches used in closing the lips of
a wound, s., arcuate, s., basilar, the junction be-
tween the basilar surface of the occipital bone and the
posterior surface of the body of the sphenoid, s.,
biparietal. See s., sagittal, s., buried, one com-
pletely covered by and not involving the skin, s.,
catgut, one in which the material employed is
catgut, s., chainstitch, the sewing machine stitch.
s., circular, one that is applied to the entire cir-
cumference of a divided part, as the intestine, s.,
cobbler's, one made by arming a needle with two
threads, s., continuous, s., glover's, one in which the
thread passes across the wound continually in the
same direction, and is tied only at the beginning and
end. s., coronal, the union of the frontal with the
parietal bones transversely across the vertex of the
skull, s., cranial, the line of union of two or more
cranial bones, s., cross, the application of two single
stitches to a T-wound. s., dentate, an irregular
notched suture, as that between the parietal bones, s.,
dry, one carried through adhesive-plaster strips
applied to the lips of the wound, s., ethmofrontal,
the union between the frontal and ethmoid bones.
s., ethmolacrimal, the union between the lacrimal
and ethmoid bones, s., ethmosphenoid, the union
between the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, s. false,
sutura notha, any suture in which there is interlock-
ing of the bones without serration, s., the four mas-
ters', a suture of the intestine used in the thirteenth
century in which the trachea of a goose was used as a
means of support and the ends of the severed intes-
tine brought into position on it and sutured with
four interrupted stitches which did not include the
trachea, s., frontal, a suture which at birth joins
the two frontal bones from the vertex to the root of
the nose, but which afterward becomes obliterated.
s., frontomalar, the union between the malar and
frontal bones, s., frontomaxillary, the union be-
tween the superior maxillary and frontal bones, s.,

SUTURE

862

SUTURE

Quilled suture. (Stewart.)

Twisted suture. (Esmarch and Kowalzig.)

T*

^ -+^Eoivto da SU

Jt ^** How not todoVL
Tension in suturing. (Moullin.)

*\\

knot, s., harelip, s., twisted, one'in which the edges
of the wound are transfixed with pins and approxi-
mation secured by twisting or wrapping the ends of the
pins with thread, s., harmonic, same as harmonia.
s., intermaxillary, the union between the superior
maxillary bones, s., internasal, the union between
the nasal bones, s., interparietal. See s., sagittal.
s., interrupted, one of a series of sutures passed
through the margins of the wound, and each of which
is tied separately, s., jugal. See s., sagittal, s.,
lambdoid, the union between the two superior bor-

Combined retention and coaptation suture. The
needle is inserted at i, brought out at 2, reinserted
at 3, and emerges at 4, passing through the loop at 5-
When drawn tight it holds the wound edges firmly
together and prevents inversion of the skin, as shown
in the lower part of the illustration. (Stewart.)

frontonasal, the union between the nasal and frontal
bones, s., frontoparietal. Sees., coronal. s.,fronto-
sphenoid, the union between the wings of the sphenoid
bone and the frontal bone, s., frontotemporal, the
union between the frontal and temporal bones, s.,
granny-knot, a single-knot stitch is formed and the
needle is passed in the opposite direction from which
it was inserted under the thread in forming a square

ders of the occipital bone and the parietal bones.
s., longitudinal. See s., sagittal, s., masto-occipital.
See s., occipitomastoid, s., mastoparietal. See s.,
parietomastoid, s., mattress, a continuous suture
which is made back and forth through both lips of a
wound, s., maxillolacrimal, the union between the
lacrimal and superior maxillary bones, s., medio-
frontal. See s., frontal, s., metopic, See s., frontal.
s., nasofrontal, the frontonasal suture, s., naso-

SUTURE

863

SWEAT

Continuous or Glover's suture.
(Esmarch and Kowalzig.)

Continuous button-hole suture. (Walsham.)

Ford's suture: showing two square knots, a single knot, and
the method of completing a square knot. (DaCosta.)

Halsted's subcuticular suture. (Stewart)

maxillary, the union between the superior maxillary
and nasal bones, s., occipital. See s.,lambdoid. s.,
occipitomastoid, the union between the mastoid por-
tion of the temporal bone and the occipital bone.
s., occipitoparietal. See s., lambdoid. s., palatine, the
union between the palate bones, s., palatine trans-
verse, See s., palatomaxillary, s., palatomaxillary,
a suture between the palatal processes of the os pal-
atinum and the superior maxilla, s., parallel, a con-
tinuous subcuticular suture, s., parietomastoid, the
union between the mastoid portion of the temporal
bone and the parietal bone, s., petro-occipital, the
union between the occipital bone and the petrous
portion of the temporal, s., petrosphenoid, the union
between the great wing of the sphenoid bone and the
petrous portion of the temporal, s., pin-. See s„
harelip, s., quill-, s., quilled, one in which a doubled
thread is passed and tied over quills or pieces of a soft
catheter, s., quilted, one similar to a mattress suture.
s., relaxation-, one introduced some distance from
the wound-margin, carried through its depths, and
made to emerge at some distance on the opposite side,
to relieve the tension of the wound-sutures proper.
s., sagittal, the union between the superior borders of
the parietal bones, s., sclerocorneal, of Kalt. See
stitch, sclerocorneal. s., shotted, one in which both
ends of the suture are passed through a perforated
shot, which is then tightly compressed, s., spheno-
malar, the union between the malar bone and the
great wing of the sphenoid, s., sphenopalatine, a
cranial suture between the sphenoid and palatine
bones, s., sphenoparietal, the union between the
greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the parietal
bone, s., sphenotemporal, the union between the
temporal and the sphenoid bone, s., squamopar-
ietal, s., squamosal, the union between the squamous
portion of the temporal bone and the parietal bone.
s., squamosphenoid, the union between the great
wing of the sphenoid and the squamous portion of the
temporal bone, s., subcuticular, a buried, continu-
ous suture in which the needle is passed horizontally
into the true skin back and forth until the wound is
closed, s., tension, same as 5., relaxation, s., twist-
ed, one made by winding a thread around a needle
that pierces the wound transversely, s., Wormian,
anterior, the upper part of the lambdoid suture.

Suzanne's gland (soo-zan') [Jean Georges Suzanne,
French physician, 1859- ]. A mucous gland found
in the floor of the mouth close to the median line.

svapnia (svap'-ne-ah). Denarcotized opium.

s. v. r. Abbreviation of spirilus vini rectificatus,
rectified spirit of wine.

swab (swob). A piece of cloth or sponge upon the
end of a stick, used in feeding the sick, making ap-
plications to the throat, cleansing the mouth and
teeth, etc. s.-stick, a rod or shaft, one extremity
of which is to be wound with cotton.

swallow (swol'-o). 1. To take into the stomach
through the throat. The cavity of the throat and
gullet; the esophagus. 2. A fissirostral oscine pas-
serine bird, of the genus Hirundo. s.-'s nest, the
nidus hirundinis; a deep fossa of the cerebellum be-
tween the commissure of the flocculus and uvula.
s.-tails, notches on the teeth of a horse.

swallowing. Deglutition.

swamp (swomp) [origin obscure]. A piece of low,
wet, marshy land, s.-apple, a parasitic growth
found on swamp-azalea, s.-dogwood. 1. Buttonbush.
2. A plant allied to Cornus fiorida ; Cornus sericea. s.~
fever, a malarial fever, s.-itch, same as army itch.
s.-laurel, kalmia glauca. s.-milkweed, Asclepias in-
carnata. s.-pine, Pinus australis; broom-pine. s.
sassafras. The Magnolia glauca, the bark of which
is aromatic and diaphoretic.

swarming. 1. Moving in a swarm. 2. Breeding
multitudes. A form of endogenous cell-formation
noted in certain alga?.

sweat (swet) [AS., swat]. The secretion of the
sudoriferous glands, consisting of a transparent, color-
less, aqueous fluid, holding in solution neutral fats,
volatile fatty acids, -cholesterin, traces of albumin
and urea, free lactic acid, sodium lactate, sodium
chloride, potassium chloride, and traces of alkaline
phosphates, s., bloody, see hematidrosis. s., blue,
perspiration which has a blue color, it is thought by
some to be due to oxidation of the colorless indican
secreted in the sweat, s., English, see sweating-
sickness, s.-gland, one of the small glands secreting
the sweat, situated in the true skin and subcutaneous
areolar tissue, consisting of a convoluted tube from
which the excretory duct passes outward through the
skin. In its passage through the epidermis the duct

SWEATING-SICKNESS

864

SYMBLEPHAROSIS

is more or less spiral, s., green, sweat having a blu-
ish or greenish color, seen mainly in copper-workers,
and due to copper taken into the system by the in-
halation of particles or fumes, or with food and
drink, s.-house, a room or inclosure furnished with
apparatus for subjecting the occupant to the sud-
orific effects of steam, s., night, drenching per-
spiration occurring at night or whenever the pa-
tient sleeps, in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis.
s., phosphorescent, a very rare peculiarity of the
sweat, in which it becomes phosphorescent; it has
been observed in some cases of miliaria and after
eating phosphorescent fish. The phosphorescence is
thought to be due to bacilli, s., Picardy, see sweat-
ing-sickness, s., red, a peculiar, red perspiration
noted in the axilla? and genital region, and due to
microorganisms which have developed in the hairs
of these warm, moist parts.

sweating-sickness.' An infective, febrile epidemic
disorder, characterized by a rapid course and profuse
perspiration. It was prevalent in England at the
end of the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth
century. Syn., English sweat; miliaria; Picardy
sweat; sudor anglicus; Fr., suette miliaire; Ger.,
schweissfreisel.

Swediaur's disease (sva'-de-our) [Francois Xavier
Swediaur, Austrian physician, 1748-1824]. See Al-
bert's disease.

Swedish green. See Scheele's green. S. move-
ments. Certain systematic gymnastic exercises in-
tended to exercise and develop the human body, and
affect function, nutrition, etc.

sweeny (swe'-ne) [origin obscure]. A wasting, or
shrinkage, of the shoulder-muscles of the horse, gen-
erally due to some lameness of the foot or foreleg; it
is also called swinney.

sweet. Having a taste like that of sugar or honey.
s. precipitate, mercuric chloride, s. principle of fats,
glycerin, s. spirit of niter, spiritus astheris nitrosi.

sweetbread. 1. The pancreas. 2. The thymus.

swell (swel). To grow in bulk; to puff out. s.-
bodies, Zuckerkandl's term for the venous plexuses
found over the turbinated bodies.

swelling (swel'-ing) [ME., swellen, to swell]. Any
morbid enlargement, inflation, tumor, or protuber-
ance, s., albuminous, see s., cloudy, s., blennorrha-
gic (of the knee) , the enlargement of the knee which
occurs in gonorrheal synovitis, s., cloudy, a swelling
of cells due to disturbed nutrition, s., glassy, amy-
loid degeneration, s., lacteal, a swelling of the
breast due to obstruction of the lacteal ducts, s.,
Soemmering's crystalline, an annular swelling formed
in the lower part of the capsule, behind the iris, after
extraction of the crystalline lens, s., white. 1. A
disease of the bones which causes them to dilate as if
distended by pressure from within. 2. A tumor,
usually of the wrist or ankle, due to caries. Syn.,
hydrarthrosis.

swine-erysipelas. A contagious disease of swine
marked by fever and a red eruption on the neck and
belly.

swine-fever. Hog cholera.

swine-plague. An infectious disease of swine, due
to the bacillus of swine plague.

swoon. Syncope.

sycephalus (si-sef'-al-us) [syn; Ke<pa\rj, head]. A
double monster having two incomplete heads joined
together.

sycoceryl (si-ko-ser'-il). Appiled to an alcohol the
acetate of which is a constituent of sycoretin. s.
hydrate, sycoceryl aldehyde.

sycoma (si-ko'-mah) [<tZ>kov, a fig: pi., sycomata], A
condyloma, or wart; a condition characterized by
warty or fig-like excrescences on the soft tissues of
the body ,_ as the eyelids, tongue, anus, or genitals.

sycoretin (si-ko-re'-tin) [vvkov, fig; K-qpSs, wax]. A
resin found in 1855 in Ficus rubiginosa, of New South
Wales.

sycose (si'-kos). Saccharin.

sycosiform {si-ko'-se-form) [sycosis; forma, form].
Resembling sycosis.

sycosis (si-ko'-sis) [crvKucns, a fig-like excrescence
on the flesh]. An inflammatory disease affecting
the hair-follicles, particularly of the beard, and char-
acterized by papules, pustules, and tubercles, per-
forated by hairs, together with infiltration of the skin
and crusting, s., bacillogenic, a variety of so-called
"non-parasitic" sycosis, ascribed to the Bacillus
sycosiferus fcetidus. s. barbae, sycosis of the beard,
s. capillitii. 1. Dermatitis papillaris capillitii, of

Kaposi; s. framboesiformis, of Hebra; acne keloid, of
Bazin. 2. Kerion. 3. Pustular eczema of the scalp.
s., coccogenic, the so-called "non-parasitic" sycosis
which is caused by organism belonging to the schizo-
mycetes (Unna). s. contagiosa, see 5. parasitaria.
s. framboesiformis. See dermatitis papillaris capil-
litii. s., hypertrophic. See s., keloid. sv hypho-
genic, s., hyphomycetous, s. parasitaria, of Unna;
tinea sycosis, the inflammation excited by the
Trichophyton tonsurans, s., keloid, sycosis in which
keloid degeneration occurs in the cicatrices resulting
from the follicular inflammation (Milton). Also
called ulerythema sycosiforme (Unna). s., lupoid.
See s., keloid, s. mentagra. See 5. barbae, s., non-
parasitic, sycosis due to the presence of coccogenic
organisms. See s., coccogenic. s. palpebral mar-
ginalis, sycosis affecting the edge of the eyelids,
s. parasitiria, s. parasitica, barbers' itch; a disease of
the hair follicles, usually affecting the region covered
by the beard, and due to the presence of the Tricho-
phyton tonsurans. See s., hyphogenic. s., parasitic.
See s. parasitaria. s., schizomycetic. See s., cocco-
genic.

Sydenham's chorea (sid' '-en-ham) [Thomas Syd-
enham, English physician, 1624-1680]. Chorea mi-
nor; infectious chorea. S.'s cough, spasm of the
respiratory muscles in hysteria. S.'s laudanum,
wine of opium.

syl. A flavoring agent in syrup.

syllable-stumbling (sil-ab-l-stum'-bling). A form
of dysphasia wherein each sound and syllable can be
distinctly uttered, but the word 'as a whole is spoken
with difficulty. It occurs in paretic dementia.

syllabic utterance. Scanning speech, observed in
insular sclerosis; the words are enunciated slowly and
separately and there may be a staccato accentuation
of individual syllables.

syllabus {sil'-ab-us) [avKKafios, a collection]. A
compendium containing the heads of a discourse; the
main propositions of a course of lectures; an abstract.

syllepsiology {sil-lep-se-ol'-o-je) [avWrj^ts, preg-
nancy; \6yos, science]. The physiology of concep-
tion and pregnancy.

syllepsis {sil-ep'-sis) [avW^is]. Conception, or
impregnation.

Sylvester's method. See Silvester.

Sylvian (sil'-ve-an). Described by the anatomist
Jacobus Sylvius (1478-1555), or Franciscus Sylvius
(1614-1672). S. angle, the angle formed by the pos-.
terior limb of the Sylvian fissure with a line perpen-
dicular to the superior border of the hemisphere. S.
aqueduct, a narrow canal extending from the third
to the fourth ventricle. S. artery, the middle cere-
bral artery, lying in the fissure of Sylvius. S. fissure,
a deep fissure of the brain beginning on the outer
side of the anterior perforated space, and extending
outward to the lateral surface of the hemisphere. It
has two branches — a short vertical and a long hori-
zontal, the latter separating the parietal from the
temporosphenoid lobe. Between the branches lies
the island of Reil. S. fossa, S. valley, the depression
which appears on the surface of the brain about the
end of the second month of fetal life and afterward
becomes the Sylvian fissure. S. vein, one of the veins
of the convexity of the brain, which courses at first
along the fissure of Sylvius and then ascends across
the hemisphere. S. ventricle, the fifth ventricle.

Sylviduct (sil-ve-dukt). The aqueduct of Sylvius.

sym- (sim-). The same as syn-.

symbion, symbiont {sim' -be-on, sim'-be-ont) [syn;
jSios, a life]. In biology, either of two organisms
living in intimate association; a commensal.

symbiosis (sim-bi-o'-sis) [syn; pios, a life]. In biol-
ogy, the intimate association of two living organisms,
not parent and offspring, male and female, or para-
site and host. Commensalism.

symbiotic (sim-bi-ot'-ik). Pertaining to symbiosis.

symblepharon (sim-blef-ar-on) [<xvi>, together;
j8Xe0apo»', the eyelid]. Adhesion of the eyelids to the
eyeball, s., anterior, when the edge of the lid is ad-
herent, s., posterior, when the adhesion is at the
conjunctival fold, s., total, when the entire lid is
adherent.

symblepharopterygium (sim-blef-ar-o-ter-ij'-e-um) .
A variety of symblepharon in which a cicatricial band
resembling a pterygium connects the lid and the
eyeball.

symblepharosis (sim-blef-ar-o'-sis) [syn; (3\k<f>apov,
eyelid]. Adhesion of the eyelids to the globe of the
eye or to each other.

SYMBOL

865

SYMPTOM

symbol (sim'-bol) [avp.(3o\oi>, a pledge], i. A sign
or character denoting an idea. The following are
commonly employed in medicine; 1$, Recipe, take of;
9, scruple; 3. dram; f3, fluidram; 5. ounce; f5, fluid-
ounce; ttjj, Minim. 2. In chemistry, a conventional
abbreviation of the name of an element, generally
consisting of the initial letter or letters of the name
in Latin or English. It denotes one atom of the
element.

symbolism (sim' -bol-izm) [symbol]. The delusion-
al or hallucinational interpretation of all events or
objects as having a mystic significance; a habit not
uncommon in certain forms of insanity.

Syme's operation (sim) [James Syme, Scotch sur-
geon, 1790-1870]. 1. Amputation at the ankle-
joint, the malleoli being sawn through, and a flap
made with the skin of the heel. 2. External ureth-
rotomy.

symmelic (sim-el'-ik) [syn; fxkXos, limb]. Char-
acterized by a coalition of the limbs.

symmelus, symelus (sim'-el-us) [avv, together;
fitKos, a limb]. A species of monster characterized
by imperfect development of the pelvis and lower
extremities with more or less intimate fusion of the
latter.

symmetric, symmetrical (sim-et'-rik, sim-et' -rik-dl)
[avfifierpia, proportion]. Pertaining to or exhibiting
symmetry, s. gangrene. See sphaceloderma.

symmetry (sim'-et-re) [syn; p.krpov, measure]. In
anatomy, a harmonious correspondence of parts; also
the relation of homologous parts at opposite sides or
ends of the body. In pathology, the theory that
constitutional diseases affect both lateral halves of
the body impartially.

symparalysis (sim-par-al'-is-is). Conjugate par-
alysis, a term given to the abolition of certain syn-
kineses of the eye.

sympathectomy, sympathicectomy (sim- path-ek' '-to-
me, sim-path-is-ek'-to-me). Excision of part of the
sympathetic nerve.

sympatheoneuritis (sim-path-e-o-nu-ri'-tis) . In-
flammation of the sympathetic nerve.

sympathetic (sim-path-et'-ik) [see sympathy]. 1.
Pertaining to or produced by sympathy. 2. Convey-
ing sympathy or sympathetic impulses, as the sym-
pathetic system, s. ganglia. See under s. system.
s. irritation, irritation of an organ arising from irri-
tation of another related organ, as sympathetic irri-
tation of one eye from irritation of the other, s.
nerve, see s. nervous system, s. ophthalmia, inflam-
mation of one eye arising subsequent to inflammation
of the other eye. s. plexuses, see under s. nervous
system, s. nervous system, a system of ganglia
(sympathetic ganglia) forming a chain from the
cranium to the end of the spinal column, connected
together by nerve-fibers, and supplying the viscera
and blood-vessels. At intervals the sympathetic
nerves and ganglia form plexuses (sympathetic plex-
uses).

sympatheticectomy (sim-pa-thet-e-sek'-to-me). Ex-
cision of parts of the sympathetic nerve.

sympatheticism (sim-path-et'-is-izm). See sym-
pathism.

sympatheticoparalytic (sim-path-et-ik-o-par-al-W-
ik) . Due to paralysis of the sympathetic nerve.

sympatheticotonic (sim-path-et-ik-o-ton'-ik). Ap-
plied to migraine caused by tonic contraction of the
arteries due to overaction of the sympathetic.

sympatheticus (sim-path-et'-ik-us). See sympath-
etic nerve.

sympathetiplex (sim-path-ef -ip-leks) [sympathetic ;
plexus]. A sympathetic plexus.

sympathic (sim-path'-ik) . Synonym of sympathetic.

sympathiconeuritis (sim-path-ik-o-nu-ri'-tis). In-
flammation of the sympathetic nerve.

sympathicotripsy (sim-path-ik-o-trip'-se) [sympathy ;
TpLfieiv, to crush]. In treatment of mental diseases,
crushing of the superior cervical ganglion.

sympathism (sim'-path-izm). Susceptibility to
hypnotic suggestion.

sympathist (sim'-path-ist). One who is susceptible
to hypnotic suggestion.

sympathizer (sim-path-i'-zer). An eye with sym-
pathetic ophthalmia, q. v.

sympathoblast (sim-path'-o-blasl). A primitive
sympathetic nerve cell.

sympathy (sim'-path-e) [aw, together; iraBos, suffer-
ing]. The mutual relation between parts more or
less distant, whereby a change in the one has an effect
upon the other.
29

symperitoneal (sim-per-it-on-e'-al) [syn-; periton-
eum]. Connecting artificially two parts of the per-
itoneum.

sympexia (sim-peks'-e-ah) . See sympexis.

sympexion (sim-peks'-e-on) [augmented form of
sympexis: pi., sympexia]. A sympexis.

sympexis (si?n-peks'-is) [avpurri^is]. A concretion
found in the vessels or crypts of certain glands, es-
pecially the thyroid and lymphatic, the prostate, and
in the seminal vesicles.

symphiocephalus (sim-fi-o-sef -al-us) [syn- ; <f>vet.v, to
grow; K.e<t>a\T), the head]. A twin monster with the
union in the head.

symphora (sim' -for -ah). Synonym of congestion.

symphorema (sim-for-e'-mah) [sy?i-; <pepelv, to bear].
The state of being congested.

symphoresis (sim-fo-re'-sis) [syn-; <pepelv, to bear].
Congestion, or a congestive process.

symphoricarpous (sim-for-ik-ar'-pus) [syn-; <pepelv,
to bear; napiros, fruit]. In biology, bearing clustered
fruits.

symphorol (sim'-for-ol) [syn-; <popa, that which is
brought forth]. A generic name for the caffeine
sulphates or sulfocaffeinates. s. L, lithium and
caffeine sulphonate. s. N, sodium and caffeine
sulphate, s. S, strontium and caffeine sulphonate.

symphyseal (sim-fiz'-e-al) [symphysis]. Pertaining
to a symphysis.

symphyseorrhaphy (sim-fiz-e-or'-af-e) [symphysis;
pa<pri, a seam]. Suture of a divided symphysis.

symphyseotome (sim-fiz-e-o-tom) . An instrument
used in performing symphyseotomy.

symphyseotomy (sim-fiz-e-ot'-o-me) [symphysis ; tow,
a cutting]. The operation of dividing the symphysis
pubis for the purpose of increasing the diameters of
the pelvic canal and facilitating labor.

symphysic (sim-fiz'-ik). Same as symphyseal.
See also teratism.

symphysion (sim-fiz'-e-on). The middle point of
the outer border of the alveolar process of the man-
dible.

symphysis (sim'-fiz-is) [aw, together; 4>veiv, to grow].
The line of junction of two bones, s. cartilaginosa,
synchondrosis, s. ligamentosa, syndesmosis, s.
mandibular, s. menti, the central vertical ridge upon
the outer aspect of the lower jaw, showing the line
of union of the two halves, s. ossium muscularis.
See syssorcosis. s. pubis, the line of junction of the
pubic bones, s., sacrococcygeal, the sacrococcygeal
articulation, s., sacroiliac, the union between the
sacrum and the ilium.

symphysodactylia (sim-fiz-o-dak-tiV -e-ah) . Syno-
nym of syndactylism.

symphysopsia (sim-fiz-ops'-e-ah). Synonym of cy-
clopia.

symphysoskelia (sim-fiz-o-ske'-le-ah) [symphysis ;
ffKe\6s, leg]. The condition in which the lower ex-
tremities are united.

sympiesis (sim-pi-e' -sis) [syn-; irUais, a squeezing].
A pressing together of parts.

sympiesometer (sim-pe-es-om'-et-ur) [avv, together;
Trieo-is, a squeezing; p.krpov, a measure]. An apparatus
for estimating pressure.

symplocarpus foetidus (sim-plo-kar'-pus fet'-id-us).
Dracontium fretidum, or skunk-cabbage, the rhizome
of which is stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic,
and has been used in asthma, chronic rheumatism,
chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.).

Symplocos (sim'-plo-kos) [avp.ir\oKos, twined]. A
genus of the Styracea. The leaves of 5. alstonia, a
tree of South America, are used as mate and also as a
digestive and diaphoretic. 5. platyphylla, sweet-
leaf, is indigenous to the southern United States and
South America; the root bark is used in intermittent
fever. 5. racemosa is indigenous to India, and fur-
nishes a red coloring-matter and lodh-bark, used in
plasters. It contains lotourin, colloturin, and lot-
ouridin. 5. tinctoria, sweetleaf, of South Carolina,
contains in its sweet leaves a yellow coloring-matter.
The root is used as a digestive.

sympodia (sim-po' -de-ah) [syn-; irovs, foot]. The
condition in which the lower extremities are united.

sympodial (sim-po' -de-al) [syn-; irovs, foot]. Per-
taining to a sympodium.

sympodium (sim-po'-de-um) [syn-; irovs, foot: pi.,
sympodia]. In biology, a stem which consists of a
series of secondary stems or axes which have arisen
as branches one from another, as in the grape-vine,
the tomato, the linden, etc. See pseudaxis.

symptom (simp' -torn) [aw, together; irrvp.a, a fal-

SYMPTOMATIATRIA

866

SYNCYANIN

ling]. The change in a patient occurring during dis-
ease and serving to point out its nature and location.
See sign, s., accessory, s., assident, a minor symp-
tom, s., accidental, one intervening in the course of a
disease without having any connection with it. s.-
complex, the ensemble of symptoms of a disease. See
also syndrome, s.-complex, Avellis', paralysis of one-
half of the soft palate, associated with a recurrent
paralysis on the same side, s.-complex, Benedikt's,
tremor of one side of the body, in part or wholly, and
oculomotor paralysis of the other side, s.-complex,
Bernhardt-Roth's. See Bernhardt' s paresthesia, s.-
complex, Erb-Goldflam's. See Erb's disease, s.-com-
plex, Escherich's. See pseudotetanus. s.-complex,
Friedmann's vasomotor, a train of symptoms fol-
lowing injury to the head, consisting of headache,
vertigo, nausea and intolerance of mental and phy-
sical exertions and of galvanic excitation; it is oc-
casionally associated with ophthalmoplegia and myd-
riasis. These phenomena may subside and recur
with greater intensity, with fever, unconsciousness,
and paralysis of the cranial nerves, ending in fatal
coma. They are probably due to an encephalitis of
slow development with acute exacerbations, s.-
complex, Hoppe-Goldflam's, see Erb's disease, s.-
complex, Putnam-Dana's, combined sclerosis of the
lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord, s.-
complex, Roth's, see Bernhardt's paresthesia, s.-
complex, Wilk's, see Erb's disease, s.s, concomitant,
accessory phenomena occurring in connection with
the essential phenomena of a disease, s., consti-
tutional, s., general, one produced by the effect of the
disease on the whole body. s. delayed, see deferred
shock, s. direct, one depending directly upon dis-
ease, s., dissociation-, see dissociation-symptom, s.,
equivocal, one of doubtful significance, s. grouping,
the same as symptom-complex, q. v. s., indirect, one
only indirectly due to disease, ss., labyrinthine, a
group of symptoms due to lesion or disease of the
internal ear. s., local, one indicating the concen-
tration of a disease in a certain part of the body, s.,
negatively pathognomonic, one which never occurs
in a certain disease and therefore by its presence
shows the absence of that disease, s., objective, one
observed by the physician, s., passive. See s.,
static, s., pathognomonic, a symptom which ex-
hibits itself only in a certain disease and therefore
undeniably proves its presence, ss., physical, the
physical signs of morbid conditions, s., rational, a
subjective symptom, s., signal, the first disturbance
of sensation prededing a more extensive convulsion,
as the aura heralding an attack of epilepsy, s.,
static, a symptom which indicates the condition in a
single organ without reference to the rest of the body.
s. subjective, that observed only by the patient, ss.,
sympathetic, symptoms for which no adequate cause
can be given other than so-called sympathy, s.
turpitudinis, nymphomania.

symptomatiatria (simp-to-mat-e-a'-tre-ah) [symp-
tom; iarpela, treatment]. Treatment directed solely
to the symptoms.

symptomatic (simp-tom-at'-ik) [symptom], i. Per-
taining to or of the nature of a symptom. 2. Affec-
ting symptoms, as symptomatic treatment, s. an-
thrax, see black-leg.

symptomatography (simp-to-mat-og'-ra-fe) [symp-
tom; ypa<peiv, to write]. A written or printed de-
scription of symptoms.

symptomatologic (simp-to-mat-o-loj'-ik) [symptom ;
X670S, science]. Pertaining to symptomatology.

symptomatology (simp-tom-at-ol'-o-je) [symptom ;
X670S, science]. The science of symptoms; the symp-
toms of disease taken together as a whole.

symptosis (simp-to'-sis) [avp.-wiirTei.v, to fall together].
Wasting; emaciation; collapse.

sympus (sim'-pus) [syn-; wovs, foot]. A vice of
development consisting in coalescence of the lower
limbs; a siren monster. There may be but one foot
(s. monopus) or two (s. dipus) , or the feet may be re-
presented only by toes (s. apus).

syn- (sin-) [ovv, together]. A prefix signifying
with or together.

synadelphus (sin-ad-el' -f us) [syn-; &5eX<£6s, bro-
ther]. A monster having eight limbs with but one
head and trunk.

synesthesia (sin-es-the'-ze-ah). See synesthesia.

synalgia (sin-aV -je-ah) [syn-; SXyos, pain]. Pain
felt in a distant part from an injury or stimulation of
another part.

synanastomosis (sin-an-as-to-mo'-sis) [syn-; an-
atomosis]. The joining of several blood-vessels.

synanche (si-nang'-ke). Synonym of diphtheria.

synangium (sin-an'-je-um) [syn-; -ayyelov, vessel:
pi., synangia]. An arterial axis, or trunk.

synanthema (sin-an' -them-ah) [awavdelv, to blos-
som together]. A group of efflorescences on the skin.

synantherin (sin-an' -ther-in). See inulin.

.synanthrose (sin-an' -thr 6s). See levulose.

synaphymenitis (sin-af-i-men-i'-tis) [<rvi>a<pr), con-
nection; vfiriv, a membrane; it«, inflammation]. A
former synonym for conjunctivitis.

synapse (sin-aps'). See synapsis.

synapsis (sin-ap'-sis) [syn-; airreiv, to clasp]. 1.
The anatomical relation of one neuron with another.
The intertwining of the terminal arborizations of the
neurons by means of which nerve-impulses may pass
from one to another. Syn., synapse. 2. The joining
together of chromosomes.

synaptase (sin-ap'-tas). See emulsin.

synarthrodia (sin-ar-thro'-de-ah). See synarthrosis.

synarthrodia! (sin-ar-thro'-de-al) [synarthrosis].
Pertaining to or of the nature of a synarthrosis.

synarthrophysis (sin-ar-thro-fi'-sis) [syn-; arthro-
sis; <j>veiv, to grow]. Progressive ankylosis of the
joints.

synarthrosis (sin-ar-thro'-sis) [syn-; apdpov, a
joint]. A form of articulation in which the bones are
immovably bound together without any intervening
synovial cavity. The forms are sutura, in which
processes are interlocked; schindylesis, in which a
thin plate of one bone is inserted into a cleft of another
and gomphosis, in which a conical process is held by
a socket.

syncaryosis (sin-kar-e-o'-sis) [syn-; napvov, a nut].
A term proposed by His for syncytial formation or the
growth of the multinuclear giant-cells.

syncephalus (sin-sef'-al-us) [syn-; Ke<f>a\ri, head].
A monster with two heads fused into one.

synchilia, syncheilia, (sin-ki'-le-ah) [syn-; x«Xos,
lip]. Atresia of the lips.

synchondrosial (sin-kon-dro'-ze-al) [syn-; xbfSpos,
cartilage]. Pertaining to a synchondrosis.

synchondrosis (sin-kon-dro'-sis) [syn-; xbvhpos, a
cartilage]. A joint in which the surfaces are con-
nected by a growth of cartilage, s., sacroiliac, the
union between the sacrum and the ilium.

synchondrotomy (sin-kon-drot'-o-me) [syn-; xbv-
5pos, cartilage; rkfivetv, to cut]. A division of the car-
tilage uniting bones, especially of that of the sym-
physis pubis.

synchopexia (sin-ko-peks'-e-ah). Same as tachy-
cardia.

synchronism (sin'-kro-nizm) [syn-; xpbvos, time].
Concurrence in time of two or more events.

synchronous (sin'-kro-nus) [syn-; xpbvos, time].
Occurring at the same time.

synchysis scintillans (sin'-kis-is sin' -til-lanz)
[avyxixns, a mixing together]. The presence of bright,
shining particles in the vitreous humor of the eye.

syncleisis (sin-kW -sis) . Synonym of occlusion.

synclinal (sin'-klin-al). Bending or inclining in
the same direction.

synclisis (sin'-klis-is). Same as synclitism.

synclitic (sin-klit'-ik) [avyKXirris, leaning together].
Exhibiting or characterized by synclitism.

synclitism (sin'-klit-izm) [avyKXirrjs, bending to-
gether]. A condition marked by parallelism or sim-
ilarity of inclination; parallelism between the pelvic
planes and those of the fetal head.

synclonus (sin'-klo-nus) [syn-; k\6vos, clonus]. 1.
Clonic movements occurring simultaneously in sev-
eral muscles. 2. A disease thus characterized, as
chorea, s. ballismus, paralysis agitans. s. tremens,
general tremor.

syncopal (sin'-ko-pal) [syncope]. Pertaining to or
characterized by syncope.

syncope (sin'-ko-pe) [syn-; Kbvrtiv, to strike or cut].
Swooning or fainting, a partial or complete temporary
suspension of the functions of respiration and cir-
culation from cerebral anemia, s. anginosa, syn-
onym of angina pectoris, s., laryngeal, laryngeal
vertigo, s., local, sudden pallor and insensibility of
a part.

syncopexia, syncopexy (sin-ko-peks'-e-ah, sin-ko-
peks'-e). _ See tachycardia.

syncopic (sin-kop'-ik). Of the nature of syncope;
syncopal.

syncyanin (sin-si' -an-in). A blue pigment elab-
orated by Bacillus cyanogenus.

SYNCYTIAL

867

SYNOSTEOTOME

syncytial (sin-sit' -e-al) [see syncytium]. Pertain-
ing to a syncytium.

syncytiolysin (sin-sit-e-ol'-is-in) [syncytium; \veiv,
to loosen]. A cytolisin produced by injections of an
emulsion made from placental tissue.

syncytioma (sin-sit-e-o'-mah) [syncytium; 6/xa, a
tumor]. A tumor composed of syncytial tissue, s.
malignum, malignant degeneration of the villi of the
chorion. See deciduoma malignum.

syncytium (sin-sit' -e-um) [syn-; kvtos, a cell]. I.
A mass of protoplasm with numerous nuclei. 2. The
collection of epithelial cells forming the outermost
covering of the chorionic villi.

syndactyl (sin-dak' -til) [syn-; S&ktuXo?, a digit].
Having the adjoining fingers or toes bound to-
gether.

syndactylia, syndactylism, syndactyly (sin-dak-til' -
e-ah, sin-dak' -til-izm, sin-dak' -til-e) [syn-; 5&/ctdXos,
finger]. Adhesion between fingers or toes; webbed
fingers; webbed toes.

syndactylous (sin-dak' -til-us). Same as syndactyl.

syndectomy (sin-dek'-to-me). See peritomy.

syndelphus (sin-del' -f us) [syn-; &5e\<p6s, brother].
A monocephalic double monstrosity with a single
pelvis, united thoraces, four upper and four lower
extremities.

syndesis (sin-de'-sis) [awdeiv, to bind together].
The state of being bound together.

syndesmectopia (sin-dez-mek-to' -pe-ah) [awSeap.os, a
bond; c/ctottos, out of place]. Ligamentous displace-
ment.

syndesmitis (sin-dez-mi'-tis) [awSeap.os, a ligament;
ins, inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of a ligament.
2. Conjunctivitis.

syndesmodiastasis (sin-dez-mo-di-as'-tas-is) [aw-
Seanos, ligament ; diaar aens, separation] . Separation of
the ligaments.

syndesmography (sin-dez-mog'-ra-fe) [syndesmus;
ypacj>et.i>, to write]. The branch of anatomy treating
of ligaments.

syndesmology (sin-dez-mol'-o-je). See syndesmog-
raphy.

syndesmoma (sin-dez-mo'-mah) [aw8eap.os, liga-
ment; ^a, tumor]. A new growth containing a
large amount of connective tissue.

syndesmoplasty (sin-dez-mo-plas'-te) [aw8eap.os,
ligament; irXaaaeiv, to form]. A plastic operation
on a ligament.

syndesmorrhaphy (sin-dez-mor'-af-e) [avv8eap.os,
ligament; pa<pr\, a suture]. Suture or repair of liga-
ments.

syndesmosis (sin-dez-mo'-sis) [syndesmos]. A form
of articulation in which the bones are connected by
ligaments.

syndesmotic (sin-dez-mot'-ik) [aw8eap.os, ligament].
Bound together.

syndesmotomy (sin-dez-mot'-o-me) [syndesmus ;
rkpveiv, to cut]. 1. Dissection of the ligaments. 2.
The division of a ligament.

syndesmus (sin-dez'-mus) [aw8eap.os, ligament]. A
ligament.

syndrome (sin'-drom) [aw, together; 8p6p.os, a run-
ning]. The aggregate symptoms of a disease; a
complex of symptoms. See symptom-complex, s.,
levulosuric, a variety of diabetes with melancholia,
insomnia, impotence, and the presence in the urine
of a levulose that disappears rapidly on the suppres-
sion of carbohydrates, s. temporanea di Gubler, see
Gubler's hemiplegia.

synechia (si-nek' -e-ah or sin-e-ki'-ah) [aw, together;
«X«". to hold: pi., synechia.]. A morbid union of
parts; especially, adhesion of the iris to a neighbor-
ing part of the eye. s., annular, s., circular, exclu-
sion of the pupil, s., anterior, adhesion between the
iris and transparent cornea, s., posterior, adhesion
between the iris and crystalline lens. Syn., ptosis
diplopia, s., total, adhesion of the entire surface of
the iris to the lens.

synechia? pericardii (sin-ek'-e-e per-e-kar'-de-i) [syne-
chia]. Adhesions of the pericardium.

synechiotomy (sin-ek-e-of -o-me) . See synechotomy.

synechotome (sin-ek' -o-tom) [awkx^v, to hold to-
gether; T&nveiv, to cut]. An instrument for the div-
ision of adhesions, particularly of the membrana
tympani.

synechotomy (sin-ek-ot'-o-me) [synechia; rkp-veiv,
to cut]. The division of a synechia.

synectenterotomy (sin-ek-ten-ter-ot'-o-me) [syne-
chia; enterotomy]. The division of an intestinal ad-
hesion.

synencephalia (sin-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [syn-; eyKe<f>a\os,
the brainl. The condition of synencephalus.

synencephalocele (sin-en-sef '-al-o-sel) [syn-; en~
cephalocele]. An encephalocele arising from ab-
normal adhesions, probably the result of some intra-
uterine inflammation.

synencephalus (sin-en-sef -al-us) [syn-; iyn&paXos,
brain]. A monster having two bodies with but a
single head.

synergetic (sin-er-jet'-ik). Exhibiting synergy;
working together.

synergic (sin-er'-jik) [synergy]. Pertaining to syn-
ergy.

synergist (sin'-er-jist) [synergy]. An agent co-
operating with another.

synergistic. See synergetic.

synergy (sin'-er-je) [syn-; epyov, work]. The co-
operative action of two or more agents (synergists) or
organs.

synesis (sin'-e-sis) [aweats, a coming together].
Faculty of comprehension, intelligence, sagacity.

synesthesia, synaesthesia (sin-es-the'-ze-ah) [syn-;
al<rdT)cns, sensation]. A secondary sensation or sub-
jective impression accompanying an actual perception.

synetion, synaetion (sin-e'-shun) [syn-; atria,
cause]. A cause which cooperates with another to
produce disease.

syngenesis (sin-jen'-es-is) [syn-; ykveais, genera-
tion]. 1. The theory that the embryo is the product
of the union of the male and female elements; also
the theory that the embryo contains within itself the
germs of all future generations developed from it. 2.
Reproduction by union of male and female elements.

syngenetic (sin-jen-et'-ik) [see syngenesis]. Prop-
agated by means of both parents.

syngenic (sin-jen'-ik). Synonym of congenital.

syngignoscism (sin-gig' -no-sizm) [syn-; yLyv<lxrKeiv,to
know]. Hypnotism, so termed from the agreeing of
one mind with another.

synidrosis (sin-id-ro'-sis) [syn-; LSp&s, sweat].
Concurrent sweating. The association of perspira-
tion with another condition.

synizesis (sin-iz-e'-sis) [syn-; tfeiv, to sit]. Clo-
sure, s. pupillae, closure of the pupil.

synkaryon (sin-kar'-e-on). A nucleus resulting
from the fusion of two pronuclei.

synkinesis, synkinesia (sin-kin-e'-sis, sin-kin-e'-she-
a) [syn-; /u^eus, movement]. Involuntary move-
ment taking place in one part of the body synchro-
nously with or in consequence of a voluntary or re-
flex movement in another part.

synneurosis (sin-nu-ro'-sis). See syndesmosis.

synocha, synochus (sin'-o-kah, sin'-o-kus) [syn-z
lx«". to hold on]. Any continued fever.

synochal (sin'-o-kal) [awoxos, continued]. Per-
taining to synocha.

synonym (sin'-o-nim) [syn-; ovo/xa, a name]. A
word which can replace another word without alter-
ation of meaning. In medicine, any variant name
by which a disease, an organ, or a part of the body-
may be known.

synophrys (sin-off' -ris) [aw, together; 6<pP0s, the
eyebrow]. The growing together of the eyebrows.

synophthalmia (sin-off -thai' -me-ah) [syn-; ophthal-
mia]. A malformation in which the orbits form a
single, continuous cavity. This condition is called,
also, cyclopia.

synophthalmus (sin-of-thal'-mus). See cyclops.

synopsia (sin-ops' -e-ah) [syn-; u\f/, eye]. Con-
genital union of the eyes.

synopsis (sin-op' -sis) [syn-; o^«, a seeing]. A
classified collation. A general view.

synorchidism, synorchism (sin-or'-kid-izm, sin-or'-
kizm) [syn- ; ©px«, testicle]. Partial or complete fusion
of the two testicles.

synoscheos (sin-os'-ke-os) [syn-; oaxeos, scrotum].
A condition of adherence between the skin of the penis
and that of the scrotum.

synosteography (sin-os-te-og'-ra-fe) [syn-; harkov,
bone; ypafciv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy
of the joints.

synosteology (sin-os-te-ol'-o-je) [syn-; harkov, bone;
X670S, knowledge]. The sum of what is known re-
garding the joints.

synosteophyte (sin-os'-te-o-fit) [syn-; barkov, a
bone; <j>vt6v, a growth]. Congenital bony ankylosis.
Syn., synostosis congenita.

synosteosis (sin-os-le-o'-sis). See synostosis.

synosteotome (sin-os' -te-o-tom) . A knife for the
dissection of joints.

SYNOSTEOTOMY

868

SYPHILIS

synosteotomy (sin-os-te-ot'-o-me) [syn-; barkov,
bone; ro/tij, a cutting]. The dissection of the arti-
culations of bones; anatomy of the joints.

synostology (sin-os-tol'-o-je). See synosteology.

synostosed (sin-os-tozd') [syn-; barkov, bone].
Joined in bony union. .

synostosis (sin-os-to'-sis) [syn-; barkov, bone]. A
union of normally separate bones by osseous material,
s. congenita. See synosteophyte. s., tribasilar, short-
ening of the base of the skull and consequent curva-
ture of the basal parts of the brain; a cause of im-
becility.

synostotic (sin-os-tot'-ik) [synostosis]. Pertaining
to or of the nature of synostosis.

synotia (sin-o'-she-ah) [syn-; ofc, ear]. Union of
the ears, as in certain monsters.

synotus (sin-o'-tus) [syn-; oh, ear]. A monster
characterized by fused ears.

synovectomy (sin-o-vek'-to-me). i. Excision of
synovial membrane. 2. Arthrectomy.

synovia (sin-o'-ve-ah) [syn-; ubv, an egg]. The
clear, alkaline, lubricating fluid secreted within syno-
vial membranes.

synovial (sin-o'-ve-al) [synovia]. Pertaining to the
synovia, s. bursa. See bursa, synovial, s. mem-
brane. See membrane, synovial, s. sheath, a syno-
vial membrane which lines the cavity attached to a
bone and through which a tendon glides.

synovin (sin'-o-vin) [syn-; ubv, egg]. The form of
mucin found in synovia.

synoviparous (sin-o-vip'-ar-us) [synovia; par ere, to
produce]. _ Producing or secreting synovia.

synovitis (sin-o-vi' -lis) [synovia; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of a synovial membrane, s., acute
suppurative, a very acute purulent form, of rheu-
matic or traumatic origin, leading to ankylosis. Syn.,
anthropyosis empyema articuli; pyarthrosis. s. chro-
nic purulent, synonym of fungous arthritis, s. chronic
serous, synonym of hydrarthrosis, s., dry, synovitis
with little if any exudate, s., exanthematous, syn-
ovitis produced by the exanthemata, s., fibrinous.
See 5., dry. s., fungous, synonym of fungous arth-
ritis, s., gonorrheal, synonym of rheumatism, gon-
orrheal, s. hyperplastica, s. hyperplastica granulosa,
s. hyperplastica lasvis, s. hyperplastica pannosa,
arthritis fungosa. s., lipomatous, synovitis in which
the new formation undergoes fatty degeneration, s.,
metritic, a synovitis secondary to uterine infection.
s., puerperal, synovitis occurring after childbirth,
and due to septic infection, s., purulent, synovitis
with suppuration, s., scarlatinal, synovitis occur-
ring in an attack of scarlet fever, s., syphilitic, syno-
vitis due to syphilitic inflammation, s., tendinous,
inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a
tendon, s., tuberculosis, synovitis with deposits of
tubercle, s., urethral, synonym of gonorrheal syno-
vitis.

syntasis (sin'-tas-is) [avvrelveiv, to stretch together].
A stretching, or tension.

syntaxis (sin-taks'-is) [awrkaativ, to arrange]. 1.
Articulation. 2. Reduction, taxis. 3. A suture.

syntectic (sin-tek'-tik). Pertaining to or charac-
terized by syntexis; wasting.

syntenosis (sin-ten-o'-sis) [syn-; rkvuv, tendon].
Articulation by means of tendons, as in the human
digits.

synteresis (sin-ter-e'-sis) [awrripeiv, to keep safe].
Preventive treatment, or hygiene; prophylaxis.

synteretic (sin-ter-et'-ik) [avPTvoelv, to keep safe].
Pertaining to prophylaxis, or synteresis; hygienic;
preventive.

synteretics (sin-ter-et'-iks) [avvrripcXv, to watch
closely]. Hygiene.

syntexis (sin-teks'-is) [<rwTr)Keiv, to melt together].
A wasting; tabes; phthisis.

synthermal (sin-ther'-mal). Same as isothermal.

synthesis (sin'-thes-is) [<ri>v, with; Tid-qvcu, to place].
In chemistry, the artificial formation of a compound
by combining its constituents.

synthetic (sin-thet'-ik) [synthesis]. Pertaining to
or produced by synthesis.

synthetism (sin'-thet-izm) [synthesis]. The sum of
operations and means necessary for reducing a frac-
ture and holding the parts in position.

synthol (sin'-thol). A chemically pure synthetic
substitute for alcohol. It is colorless and non-
irritant.

synthorax (sin-tho'-raks). Synonym of thoraco-
pagus.

syntonin (sin'-to-nin) [<twtoi>os, contracted]. An

acidalbumin obtained by the action of dilute hydro-
chloric acid upon the myosin of muscle.

syntopic (sin-top'-ik) [<rvv, together; tottos, place].
Applied by Waldeyer to a topographic description
which points out the relation of a part or organ to
the viscera or soft parts of the organism.

syntopy (sin'-to-pe). The relation of an organ or
part to the viscera of the organism. Cf. holotopy;
idiotopy ; skeletopy.

syntoxoid (sin-toks'-oid) [syn-; Tofrnbv, poison;
eldos, likeness]. A toxoid having the same affinity
as toxin for antitoxin.

syntrimrha, syntripsis (sin-trim' -ah, sin-trip' -sis)
Synonym of comminution.

syntrophus (sin'-tro-fus) [syn-; rpcxpbs, a nurse].
A congenital disease.

syntropic (sin-trop'-ik) [syn-; rpkireiv, to turn].
Similar, and turned in the same direction (thus the
ribs of either side are syntropic; those of opposite
sides are antitropic) .

synulodynia (sin-u-lo-din'-e-ah) [avpovXwaLs, a
scarring over; bStorj, pain]. Pain in a cicatrix.

synulosis (sin-u-lo'-sis) [syn-; bvXri, scar]. Cicatri-
zation; cicatrix.

synulotic (sin-u-lot'-ik) [<twv\otikos, healing]. Pro-
moting cicatrization.

synzygia (sin-zij'-e-ah). See syzygy.

syphilelcos, syphilelcus (sif-il-el'-kos, sif-il-el'-kus)
[syphilis; iXnos, ulcer]. Syphilitic ulcer. Chancre.

syphilelcosis (sif-il-el-ko'-sis) [syphilis; 2X/cos, ulcer].
The condition or progress of syphilitic ulceration;
the condition of having a chancre.

syphilelcus (sif -el-el' -kus) [syphilis; eX/cos, ulcer].
A syphilitic ulcer.

syphilicoma (sif-il-ik-o'-mah) [syphilis; KOfielp,
to take care of]. A hospital for syphilitics.

syphilide, syphilid (sif'-il-id) [syphilis]. Any
disease of the skin due to syphilis. Syphilides may
be erythematous, macular, acneiform, lenticular,
squamous, vesicular, pustular, bullous, tubercular,
rupial, etc. s., secondary, any syphilide occurring
during the secondary stage of syphilis, s., tertiary,
any syphilide occurring during the tertiary stage of
syphilis.

syphilidiatria (sif-il-id-e-a'-tre-ah) [syphilis; Larpeia,
treatment]. The medicinal treatment of syphilis.

syphilidocolpitis (sif-il-id-o-kol-pi'-tis) [syphilis;
Kohiros, vagina; ins, inflammation]. Syphilitic in-
flammation of the vagina.

syphilidography (sif-il-id-og'-ra-fe). See syphilog-
raphy.

syphilidologist. See sy philologist.

syphilidology (sif-il-id-ol'-o-je). See sy philology.

syphilidomania (sif-il-id-o-ma'-ne-ah). See syphilo-
mania.

syphilidophobia (sif-il-id-o-fo'-be-ah). See syphilo-
phobia.

syphilidophthalmia (sif-il-id-off-thal'-me-ah) [syph-
ilis; ophthalmia]. Syphilitic ophthalmia.

syphilin (sif'-il-in). See syphilitoxin.

syphilionthus (sif-il-e-on'-thus) [syphilis; 'Lovdos,
eruption]. Any copper-colored scaly eruption in
syphilis.

syphiliphobia (sif-il-if-o'-be-ah) . See syphilophobia.

syphilis (sif'-il-is) [origin obscure]. A chronic
infectious, contagious, venereal disease, characterized
by a variety of structural lesions of which the chancre,
the mucous patch, and the gumma are the most
distinctive. A spirochete (Spirochceta pallida, or
Treponema pallidum) is the cause. The disease is
generally acquired in sexual congress, hence its
earliest manifestations appear upon the genital
organs, but any abraded surface of the body, if
brought in contact with the syphilitic poison, may
give entrance to the infection. The earliest lesion
of acquired syphilis is the chancre, initial sclerosis,
or primary sore, which appears after a period of
incubation varying from two to three weeks. It is
usually a reddish-brown papule with an ulcerated
central spot, and has a slight serous or purulent
discharge. Taken between the fingers it is found to
have a peculiar cartilaginous hardness. Micro-
scopically it consists of an accumulation of round
cells, epithelioid cells, with, perhaps, a giant-cell
here and there. The blood-vessels present a hyper-
plasia of the intima, to which in part the induration
of the chancre is due. Very soon after the appear-
ance of the chancre the nearest lymphatic glands
become enlarged and indurated — the indolent buboes
of syphilis. The mucous patch, condyloma latum,

SYPHILITIC

869

SYRINGOTOME

moist papule, or mucous tubercle is located upon
mucous membranes, at mucocutaneous junctions,
or where two skin surfaces are in habitual contact,
and is a flat, scarcely elevated patch, generally-
covered by a whitish pellicle. The gumma or gummy
tumor is a rounded nodule, varying in size from the
dimensions of a pea to those of a small apple. Its'
favorite seats are the periosteum of flat bones, the
membranes of the brain, the liver, spleen, and
testicle. It is usually soft, and contains in its interior
a gelatinous "gummy" material. Another im-
portant though not distinctive lesion produced by
syphilis is a diffuse sclerosis of the blood-vessels,
especially of the parenchymatous organs. The
clinical course of syphilis is generally divided into
three stages: the primary {primary syphilis), charac-
terized by the presence of the chancre and of the
indolent bubo; the secondary {secondary syphilis),
by the mucous patch, cutaneous eruptions, sore
throat, and general enlargement of the lymphatic
glands; the tertiary {tertiary syphilis), by the gumma
and by severe skin-lesions. Between the appearance
of the chancre and the secondary manifestations a
period of six weeks usually elapses. The tertiary
phenomena follow the secondary after a stage of
quiescence of variable length. Syphilis also bears
an important, but as yet obscure, relation to certain
diseases of the nervous system, such as locomotor
ataxia and paretic dementia, s., congenital. See
s„ hereditary, s. d'emblee, the invasion of syphilis
without a local lesion, s., extragenital, that in
which the first lesion is situated elsewhere than on
the genital organs, s., hereditary, syphilis trans-
mitted from parent to offspring. See Colles' law;
Demarquay's, Hutchinson's, Krisowski's, Silex's,
Wegner's sign. s. ingenita. See s., hereditary.
s. insontium, syphilis of the innocent, i. e., syphilis
acquired in an innocent manner, or nonvenereal
syphilis, s., marital, syphilis acquired in lawful
wedlock, s. neonatorum, syphilis of the newborn.
s., nonvenereal. Synonym of s. insontium. s.
oeconomica, a form of syphilis insontium in which
the disease is acquired through eating and drinking
or household utensils, or by incidental contact with
syphilitic persons, s., pulmonary, a rare disesae
which is either hereditary or follows the initial
attack after from 10 to 20 years or longer. Two
forms may be differentiated — a chronic interstitial
indurative process and a growth of gummata. s.
technica, syphilis acquired in following one's occu-
pation, as by physicians, midwives, nurses, s.,
venereal, syphilis _ acquired in illegitimate sexual
intercourse, s., visceral, syphilis of the viscera —
the lesions are either inflammatory or gummatous.

syphilitic {sif-il-it'-ik) [syphilis]. Pertaining to or
affected with syphilis.

syphilitoxin {sif-il-e-toks'-in) [syphilis; to&kov,
poison]. A term formerly used for the supposed
specific virus of syphilis, before the discovery of the
Treponema pallidum.

syphilization {sif -il-i-za' -shun) [syphilis]. 1. Inocu-
lation with syphilis, especially inoculation for the
purpose of conferring immunity to future attacks.
2. The state produced by inoculation with syphilis.

syphilized {sif'-il-lzd) [syphilis]. Affected with
hereditary syphilis.

syphilocerebrosis {sif-il-o-ser-e-bro'-sis) . ' Syphilis
affecting the brain.

syphiloderm, syphiloderma {sif -il-o-derm, sif-il-o-
der'-mah). See syphilide.

syphilogenesis, syphilogeny {sif-il-o-jen'-e-sis, sif-
il-oj'-en-e) [syphilis; yewav, to produce]. The
origin or development of syphilis.

syphilographer {sif-il-og' -ra-fer) [see syphilography].
One who writes on syphilis.

syphilography {sif-il-og' -ra-fe) [syphilis; ypaxpeiv,
to write]. A treatise on syphilis.

syphiloid {sif'-il-oid) [syphilis; eldos, like]. 1. Re-
sembling syphilis. 2. A disease resembling syphilis.

syphilolepis {sij-il-oV -ep-is) [syphilis; \eirls, scale].
A scaly or furfuraceous eruption of syphilitic origin.

syphilologist {sif-il-ol'-o-jist) [syphilis; Xo-yos, sci-
ence]. A specialist in the treatment of syphilis.

syphilology {sif-il-ol'-o-je) [syphilis; \6yos, science].
The sum of knowledge regarding the origin, nature,
and treatment of syphilis.

syphiloma {sif-il-o'-mah) [syphilis; Sua, tumor].
1. A syphilitic gumma. 2. A term introduced by
Ernst Wagner as a substitute for gumma.

syphilomania {sif-il-o-ma'-ne-ah) [syphilis; mania].

The inclination to attribute diseases to syphilis.
The morbid belief in the presence of syphilis.

syphilomatous {sif-il-o'-mat-us) [syphilis; 6/ua,
tumor]. Pertaining to syphiloma.

syphilonychia {sif-il-o-nik'-e-ah) [syphilis; 6w^,
nail]. An onychia of syphilitic origin, s. exulcerans,
syphilitic onychia with ulceration, s. sicca, syph-
ilitic onychia without ulceration.

syphilopathy {sif-il-op'-ath-e) [syphilis; irados,
disease]. Any syphilitic disease.

syphilophobe {sif'-il-o-fob) [syphilis; 4>6(3os, fear].
One affected with syphilophobia.

syphilophobia {sif-il-o-fo'-be-ah) [syphilis; <j>6@os,
dread]. 1. A condition in which the patient imagines
himself to be infected with syphilis. 2. A morbid
dread of syphilitic infection.

syphilophyma {sif-il-o-fi'-mah) [syphilis; <f)vp.a,
growth]. 1. Syphiloma of the skin. 2. Any growth
due to syphilis.

syphilosis {sif-il-o'-sis) [syphilis]. Syphilitic dis-
ease.

syphionthus {sif -e-on' -thus) [syphilis; tovdos, an
eruption on the face]. The copper-colored eruptions
or fawn-colored, furfuraceous patches of syphilitic
origin.

syr. Abbreviation of Latin syrupus, syrup.

syrgol {sir'-gol). An organic silver compound,
said to contain 20 per cent, of colloidal silver oxide.

Syriac ulcer. Synonym of diphtheria.

syrigmophonia {sir-ig-mo-fo' -ne-ah) [avpLoativ, to
hiss; <£awi7, voice]. A piping or whistling state of the
voice.

syrigmus {sir-ig'-mus) [avplaaeiv, to hiss]. Any
subjective hissing, murmuring or tinkling sound
heard in the ear.

syringe {sir'-inj) [avpiy£, a pipe]. An apparatus
for injecting a liquid into a cavity.

syringeal {sir-in' -je-al) [avpiy£, a pipe]. Relating
or belonging to a fistula or to the Eustachian tube.

syringenin {sir-in' -jen-in) [Syringa, a genus of
shrubs]. C13H28O5+H2O. A dissociation product
of syringin by action of dilute acids; a clear, rose-
red, amorphous mass, soluble in alcohol, insoluble
in water and ether.

syringin {sir-in' -jin) [Syringa]. A crystalline
glucoside obtained from Syringa vulgaris, C17H24O9
+H2O, white, tasteless, acicular crystals, soluble in
alcohol and hot water, boils at 1910 C. It is anti-
pyretic and antiperiodic; used in malaria. Syn.,
lilacin ; ligustrin.

syringious {sir -in- je' -us) [<rvpt.y£, a tube]. Fistu-
lous.

syringitis {sir-in-ji'-tis) [syrinx; lt«, inflamma-
tion]^ Inflammation of the Eustachian tube.

syringobulbia {si-rin-go-buV -be-ah) [avpiy£, tube;
bulb]. The presence of cavities in the medulla
oblongata similar to syringomyelia.

syringocele, syringoccelia {$ir-ing'-go-sel, sir-ing-
go-se'-le-ah) [avpiyZ, tube; no'Chia, hollow]. The
cavity or central canal of the myelon or spinal cord.

syringocystadenoma {sir-ing-go-sis-tad-en-o'-mah)
[syrinx; cystadenoma]. A peculiar disease of the
skin that probably begins in embryonic sweat-glands.

syringomeningocele {sir-ing' -go-men-in' -go-slV)

[trvpiyZ, pipe; meningocele], A meningocele resem-
bling a syringomyelocele.

syringomyelia {sir-in-go-mi-e' -le-ah) [syrinx; p.ve\6s,
marrow]. A condition characterized by the presence
of cavities in the substance of the spinal cord. Syn.,
myelosyringosis. s., Grasset-Rauzier's type of, a
form with marked sudoral and vasomotor symptoms.
s., Schlesinger's type of, the dorsolumbar type.

syringomyelitis {sir-ing-go-mi-el-i'-tis) [avpiy£,
tube; p.ve\6s, marrow; ins, inflammation]. The in-
flammation coincident with or preceding syringo-
myelus.

syringomyelocele {sir-in-go-mi'-el-o-sel) [syrinx;
HveKSs, marrow; KoiKia, cavity]. A form of spina
bifida in which the protruding mass consists of mem-
branes and nerve-substance, and the cavity of which
communicates with the central canal of the spinal
cord.

syringomyelus {sir-ing-go-mi'-el-us) [avpiy£, tube;
ixveKos, marrow]. An abnormal dilatation of the
central canal of the spinal cord in which the central
gray column is converted into connective tissue, the
interior softening and forming a cavity. A disease
similar to this in children is called hydromyelia.

syringotome {sir-in' -go-tom) [syrinx; rkuvnv, to
cut]. An instrument for incising a fistula.

SYRINGOTOMY

870

SZABO'S TEST

syringotomy (sir-in-got1 '-o-me) [syrinx; tow, a
cutting]. The operation of cutting a fistula, espe-
cially a fisula in ano.

syrinx (sir'-ingks) [avpiyt, a tube], i. A fistula.
2. The Eustachian tube.

syrup (sir' -up) [syrupus, syrup], i. A concen-
trated solution of sugar in water (syrupus, U. S. P.,
B. P.). 2. A preparation composed of a solution of
a medicinal substance in syrup, s., hive, compound
syrup of squills, s., simple, the aqueous solution of
sugar without other ingredients.

syrupy (sir'-up-e) [syrup]. Resembling a syrup.

sysoma (si-so'-mah) [syn-; a&na, body: pi., syso-
tnata]. A double monstrosity with two separate
heads, but with the bodies fused in more or less inti-
mate union.

sysomic (si-so'-mik). Of the nature of a sysoma.

syssarcosis (sis-ar-ko'-sis) [avv, together; <rap%,
flesh]. The union of bone by the interposition of
muscular tissue.

syssomus (sis-so'-mus) [aw, together; au>p.a, body].
A double monster joined by the trunks.

systaltic (sis-tal'-tik) [systole]. Pulsatory; con-
tracting; having a systole.

systasis (sis'-tas-is) [avaraais]. Consistency,
density.

system (sis' -tern) [avarrjua, from aw, together;
laravai, to stand], i. A methodical arrangement.
2. A combination of parts into a whole, as the di-
gestive system, the nervous system. 3. The body as
a whole, s., Bertillon. See under identification;
also Bertillonage. s., centimeter-gram-second, the
system based upon the use of the centimeter, gram,
and second as units of length, mass, and time re-
spectively, s., Galton. See under identification.
s.-disease, s.-lesion, a disease of the cerebrospinal
axis affecting a tract of nerve-fibers or nerve-cells
having common anatomic relations and physiological
properties, s., kinetic. See under kinetic, s., pedal,
a ganglionic system of the brain, s., portal, the
system of veins collecting the venous blood from the
digestive tract.

systema (sis-te'-mah). See system.

systematic (sis-tem-at'-ik) [system]. Pertaining to
or affecting a system.

systematology (sis-tem-at-ol'-o-je) [system; \6yos,
science]. The science of arrangement and classifica-
tion.

systemic (sis-tem'-ik) [system]. 1. Of or pertaining
to a system. 2. Pertaining to the whole organism.

systemoid (sis'-tem-oid) [system; eldos, form].
A term applied to tumors composed of a number of
tissues resembling a system of organs; teratoid.

systole (sis'-to-le) [avaroKri, contraction]. The
contraction of the heart and arteries, s., aborted,
a cardiac systole which on account of insufficient
energy or mitral regurgitation, does not increase the
arterial pressure, s., anticipated, an aborted systole
due to an imperfectly filled ventricle, s., arterial,
the arterial retraction following cardiac systole.
s., auricular, auricular contraction, s., ventricular,
the contraction of the ventricles.

systolic (sis-tol'-ik) [systole]. Pertaining to the
systole ; occurring during systole.

systolometer (sis-to-lom^et-er) [systole; fxkrpov,
measure]. An instrument for estimating the in-
tensity and quality of cardiac sounds and murmurs,
and the length of the pauses.

systremma (sis-trem'-ah) [avarpe/i/ia, a swelling:
pi., systremmata]. Cramp in the muscles of the
leg.

syzygial (siz-ij'-e-al) [<rv£vyos, yoked gtoteher].
Pertaining to syzygy.

Syzygium (siz-ij'-e-um) [avfvyos, yoked]. A genus
of East Indian trees, of which 5. jambolanum is used
in diabetes. >

syzygy (siz'-ij-e) [avfvyos, yoked together; pi.,
syzygies]. In biology: 1. A fusion of two bodies,
without loss of identity. 2. A zygote or conjugate
body, formed by the union or conjugation of two
similar gametes, and usually followed by encapsula-
tion and later by sporulation; a syzygium. s. bone,
one shaped like the letter S, e. g., the episternum.

Szabo's test for hydrochloric acid in the contents
of stomach (tsah'-bo). Mix together equal parts
of 0.5 % solutions of ammonium sulphocyanide and
sodioferric tartrate. This makes a pale yellow liquid,
which changes to brownish-red on the addition of a
solution containing HC1.

T. An abbreviation of tension, temperature, and
absolute temperature.

T+. Abbreviation for increased tension.

T_. Abbreviation for diminished tension.

t. Abbreviation for temporal.

TA. Abbreviation for tuberculin A.

Ta. Chemical symbol of tantalum.

tabacosis (tab-ak-o'-sis) [tabacum], A state of
poisoning produced by the excessive use of tobacco.

tabacum (tab-ak'-um). See tobacco.

tabanid (tab'-an-id) [tabanus, a gad-fly]. Any
horse-fly or gad-fly.

Tabanus (tab-an'-us) [see tabanid]. A genus of
horse-flies or gad-flies. More than 1300 species are
known, the females of many of them being capable
of inflicting a severe and painful bite.

tabardillo (tab-ar-del'-yo) [Spanish]. 1. Mexican
typhus. 2. An infectious disease endemic in certain
parts of Mexico.

tabasheer (tab-a-sher') [Hindu, tabasher]. An
opal-like substance found in the joints of certain
species of bamboos. It is used as a tonic, aphrodisiac,
pectoral, astringent, and antispasmodic.

tabatiere anatomique (tahb-aht-e-air' ', ahn-aht-om-
ek) [Fr., "anatomical snuff-box"]. The depression at
the base of the thumb between the tendons of the
extensor primi and extensor secundi internodii
poll ids.

tabby-cat striation. Peculiar markings occurring
on muscles that have undergone extreme fatty
degeneration, especially seen in the heart muscle.

tabefaction (ta-be-fak'-shun) [tabefacere, to melt].
Wasting; emaciation.

tabella (ta-bel'-ah) [L.: pi., tabellce]. A troche.
A tablet.

tabes (ta'-bez) [L.]. A wasting or consumption.
The word is generally used as a synonym of tabes
dorsalis. t. coxaria, wasting from hip disease, t.,
diabetic, a peripheral neuritis affecting diabetics.
t. diuretica. Same as diabetes mellitus. t. dolorosa,
a form in which pain is the dominating feature.
t. dorsalis, locomotor ataxia, a disease dependent
upon sclerosis of the posterior columns of the spinal
cord. The symptoms are lightning-pains; unsteadi-
ness and incoordination of voluntary movements,
extending to the upper extremities; disorders of
vision, among others the Argyll Robertson pupil;
cutaneous anesthesia; girdle-sense; abolition of the
patellar reflex; diminution of sexual desire; distur-
bance of the sphincters, t. ergotica, a toxemia
resulting from the use of ergot; its symptomatology
closely simulates that of locomotor ataxia, t.,
hereditary. See Friedreich's disease, t. mesenterica,
tuberculous disease of the mesenteric glands in
children, with progressive wasting, t., spasmodic,
lateral sclerosis of the spinal cord.

tabescence (lab-es'-ens) [tabes, wasting]. Wasting:
marasmus; emaciation.

tabescent (tab-es'-ent) [tabescere, to waste away].
Wasting, or becoming wasted or emaciated.

tabetic (tab-et'-ik). 1. Affected with tabes; of or
pertaining to tabes. 2. Pertaining to or affected
with tabes dorsalis.

tabetifonn (tab-et'-if-orm). Resembling tabes.

tabic (lab'-ik). See tabetic.

tabid {tab' -id). See tabetic.

tablature (tab'-lat-ur) [tabula, a table]. Separation
into tables, as exemplified in the frontal, parietal,
and occipital bones.

table (ta'-bl) [tabula]. 1. A flat-topped piece of
furniture, as an operation table, examining table.
2. A fiat plate, especially one of bone, as a table of
the skull, t., vitreous, the inner cranial table.

tablespoon. A large spoon, holding about is Cc.
or 4 fluidrams.

tablet {tab' -let) [table]. A lozenge; a troche.
t. triturate, a small troche containing a triturated
medicine.

tablogestin (tab-lo-jes'-tin). Chologestin in tablet
form.

tabloid (tab'-loid) [table; eldos, like]. 1. A flat
troche. 2. A trade name for a compressed or other
tablet.

taboparalysis (ta'-bo-par-al-is-is). A condition in
which tabes is associated with general paralysis.

taboparesis (ta' -bo-par' -es-is). Same as tabopa-
ralysis.

tabophobia (ta-bo-fo'-be-ah) [tabes; </>6/3os, fear].
A morbid fear of becoming affected with tabes; it is
a frequent symptom of neurasthenia.

tabula (tab'-u-lah). See table.

tabular (tab'-u-lar) [tabula, table]. Having the
form of a table, t. bone, a flat bone or one com-
posed of two tables of compact bone with cancellous
tissue or diploe between them.

tabule (tab' -ill). A tablet.

tac (tak). 1. Synonym of influenza. 2. Rot;
scabies in the sheep.

tacahout (tak'-a-howt). A kind of gall produced
upon the tamarisk; it is an astringent.

tacamahac, tacamahaca (tak'-am-a-hak, tak-am-a-
hak'-ah) [Mexican]. A resin produced by various
trees.

tache (tahsh) [Fr.]. A spot, taches blanches,
certain white spots described by Hanot as occurring
on the liver, especially on its convex surface, in
infectious diseases. Microscopically they present
a leukocytic infiltration and bacteria, t. bleuatre,
a spot of a delicate blue tint, sometimes observed
on the skin of typhoid-fever patients, t. cerebrale,
t. meningeale, the red line made when the finger-
nail is drawn over the skin; due to vasomotor paresis
and occurring especially in meningeal irritation,
t. motrice, an eminence of protoplasm within the
sarcolemma where the nerve-fiber pierces the latter;
a motorial end-plate, t. spinale, a bulla-like spot
seen in certain diseases of the spinal cord.

tacheometer (tak-e-om'-et-er). Same as tachometer.

tachetic (tak-et'-ik) [tache]. Relating to the forma-
tion of reddish-blue or purple patches (taches).

Taenia (tak'-e-ah) [tachi, an ant, so-called by the
Galibis because they harbor ants]. A genus of
shrubs and trees of the Gentianacece. The root of
T. guianensis, a species of Brazil and Guiana, is
used as is gentian and also as an antipyretic and
prophylactic against malaria. Dose of tincture 1 or 2

tachiol (tak'-e-ol) . A modification of silver fluoride ;
employed as a surgical antiseptic in solution of
1 : 1000 to 1 : 100 and in ophthalmic practice.

tachistoscope (tak-is'-to-skop) [raxvs, swift; <ricoireiv,
to view]. A form of stereoscope giving rapid im-
pressions by means of a movable diaphragm.

tachography (tak-og'-raf-e) [roxw, swift; ypafclv,
to write]. The estimation of the rate of flow of
arterial blood by means of the tachygraph.

tachometer (iak-om'-et-er). See hemotachometer.

tachy- (tak-e-) [raxvs, swift]. A prefix meaning
swift.

tachycardia (tak-e-kar'-de-ah) [tachy-; KapBla, heart].
Excessive rapidity of the heart's action, t., essen-
tial, that occurring in paroxysms, and due to func-
tional disturbance of the cardiac nerves, t., par-
oxysmal, tachycardia occurring periodically in
paroxysms, t. reflex, tachycardia due to other
causes than those producing essential t. t. strumosa
exophthalmic, the tachycardia occurring in exophthal-
mic goiter.

tachycardiac (tak-e-kar' -de-ak) . Pertaining to or
suffering from tachycardia.

tachygraph (tak'-ig-raf). See hemotachometer.

tachygraphy (tak-ig'-raf-e) [raxvs, swift; ypafclv,
to write]. The estimation of the rate of flow of
arterial blood by means of the tachygraph.

tachyiatria (tak-e-i-at'-re-ah) [tachy-; larpela, heal-
ing]. The art of curing quickly.

TACHYMETER

872

TALUS

tachymeter (tak-im'-et-er). Same as hemotacho-
meter.

tachyphagia (tak-e-fa'-je-ah) [tachy-; <pa.yelv, to
eat]. Rapid eating.

tachyphrasia (tak-e-fra'-ze-ah) [tachy-; <ppa<ns,
speech]. Morbid rapidity or volubility of speech.

tachyphrenia (tak-e-fre'-ne-ah) [tachy-; <ppi]v, mind].
Morbid mental activity.

tachypnea, tachypnoea (tak-ip-ne'-ah) [tachy-;
irvori, breath]. Abnormal frequency of respiration.
t., nervous, respiration of 40 or more to the minute
accompanying neurotic disorders, particularly hys-
teria and neurasthenia.

tachytomy (tak-it'-o-me) [tachy-; ronrj, a cutting].
The art of operating quickly.

tactile (tak'-til) [tactus]. Pertaining to the sense.
of touch, t. cells, cells representing special sensory
nerve-endings, found in the deeper layers of the
epidermis or the adjacent stratum of corium. t.
corpuscles, special sensory nerve-endings exhibiting
more complexity of structure than the tactile cells,
t. disc, the flattened terminal expansion of the axis
cylinder in a special sensory nerve ending, or tactile
corpuscle, t. irritability, the property of cellular
repulsion, t. meniscus, a peculiar crescentic ex-
pansion of a nerverfiber over the ental surface of a
tactile cell. t. papilla. See papilla, t. reflexes,
reflex movements from stimulation of the tactile
corpuscles.

taction (tak'-shun) [tactio, a touch]. A touch, a
touching, the tactile sense.

tactometer (tak-tom'-et-er) [tactus; p,krpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for estimating tactile sensi-
bility; an esthesiometer.

tactor (tak'-tor)_ [tactus, touch]. A tactile organ.

tactual (tak'-tu-al) [tactus, touch]. Relating to
the sense of touch; tactile.

tactus (Jtak'-tus) [tangere, to touch]. Touch, t.
eruditus, t. expertus, special sensitiveness of touch
acquired by long experience.

taedium vitae (te'-de-um vi'-te) [L.]. Weariness of
life, a symptom witnessed in many cases of insanity;
it is sometimes a precursor of suicide.

Taenia, Tenia (te'-ne-ah) [L., "a band"]- 1. A
band or band-like structure. 2. Tenia, see tapeworm.
T. coenurus, a parasite found in the intestine of the
dog. T. cucurbitana, long tapeworm (pork- worm).
T. echinococcus. See tapeworm, dog-, t. fornicis,
one of the peduncles of the pineal gland, t. hippo-
campi, the corpus fimbriatum of the hippocampus
major. T. mediocanellata, T. saginata. See tape-
worm, beef-, t. semicircularis, a narrow band on
the floor of the lateral ventricle, between the caudate
nucleus and the optic thalamus. T. solium. See
tapeworm, pork-. t. thalami, the habenula. t.
tuba?, an occasional thickening of the upper border
of the perisalpinx. t. ventriculi quarti, the tenia of
the fourth ventricle, the ligula. t. ventriculi tertii,
the tenia of the third ventricle, the stria medullaris.
t. violacea, a bluish, longitudinal _ band on the floor
of the fourth ventricle. T. vulgaris, broad tapeworm.

taeniacide (te'-ne-as-id). See teniacide.

taeniafuge (te'-ne-af-uj). See teniafuge.

Tagetes (ta-je'-tez). A genus of plants of the order
Composite. T. erecta, African marigold, and T.
patula, French marigold, are used as substitutes for
calendula.

Tagliacotian operation (tah-le-ah-ko' -she-an) [Gas-
pard Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon, 1546-1599]. See
operation, Italian.

tagma (tag'-mah) [rayfia, that which has been
arranged; pi., tagmata]. An aggregate of molecules.

tagulawaya. See balsam, tagulaway.

tail (tal). 1. The caudal extremity of an animal.
2. Anything resembling a tail. t. bone, the coccyx,
t. fold, an embryonic infolding or hollow, enclosing
the hind-gut. t. gut, that part of the archenteron
which is in the tail of the embryo, t. of pancreas,
the splenic end of the pancreas.

Taillefer's valve. A valvular fold of mucous mem-
brane about the middle of the nasal duct.

tailor's cramp, or spasm. An occupation-neurosis
occurring in tailors, and characterized by spasm of
the muscles of the arm and head.

tailor's muscle. Sartorius.

taint (tant). An infection, or pathogenic influence;
as a syphilitic taint. A spot or blemish.

Tait's knot (tat) [Lawson Tail, English gyne-
cologist, 1845-1909]. A peculiar method of ligating
J e pedicle in the operation of ovariotomy. See

knot, Staffordshire. T.'s law, in every disease of the
abdomen or pelvis in which the health is destroyed
or the life threatened, and in which the condition
is evidently not due to malignant disease, an explora-
tion of the cavity by celiotomy should be made.
T.'s method, perineorrhaphy. T.'s operation, peri-
neorrhaphy.

takadiastase (ta-kah-di'-as-tas) [Jokichi Takamine,
Japanese chemist, 1853- ]. A diastatic ferment
obtained from wheat-bran by action of the spores
of the fungus Eurotium or y zee (Taka-moyash) . It is
used in digestive disorders, especially those resulting
from deficient secretion of saliva and hyperacidity
of the stomach. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.).

take (tak). To become infected, as by vaccine
virus.

takosis (ta-ko'-sis) [rrtneiv, to waste]. A highly
contagious fatal disease of goats.

talalgia (tal-al'-je-ah) [talus, heel; &X70S, pain].
Pain in the heel.

Talbot's law. When the visual stimuli proceeding
from a revolving disc are completely fused and the
sensation is uniform, the intensity is the same as that
which would occur if the same amount of light were
spread uniformly over the disc.

Talbot-Plateau's law. See Talbot's law.

talc, talcum (talk, tal'-kum) [Ar., talq, talc], 4Mg-
O . sSiOz . H2O. The talcum of the U. S. P. is a
native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is a white,
greasy powder, used as a dusting-powder. Syn.,
soapstone; steatite, t., purified (talcum purificatum,
U. S. P.), talc, hydrochloric acid, and water.

Taliacotian (tal-e-ak-o' -she-an). See Tagliacotian.

taliped (tal'-ip-ed) [talus, ankle; pes, foot]. A
person affected with talipes; club-footed.

talipedic (tal-ip-e'-dik) [talipes]. Belonging or
relating to talipes; club-footed.

talipes (taV-ip-ez) [talus, ankle; pes, foot]. Club-
foot, a deformity depending upon contraction of one
or more muscles or tendons about the foot, either
congenital or acquired, t. arcuatus. See t. cavus.
t. calcaneus, talipes in which the patient walks upon
the heel alone, t. cavus, an increased curvature of
the arch of the foot. t. equinus, talipes in which
the heel is elevated and the weight thrown upon
the anterior portion of the foot. t. percavus, ex-
cessive plantar curvature, t. planus, flat-foot;
splay-foot. t. spasmodic, non-congenital talipes due
to muscular spasm, t. valgus, talipes in which the
foot is everted, t. varus, a variety, the reverse of
the last, in which the foot is bent inward. Combina-
tions of these occur, called t. equinovalgus, t. equino-
varus, t. calcaneovalgus, t. calcaneovarus, etc.

talipomanus (tal-ip-o-ma'-nus) [talipes; manusr
hand]. Deformity of the hand, analogous to club-
foot; club-hand.

Tallerman treatment. The local application of
superheated dry air, the affected part being intro-
duced into a cylinder.

tallow (tal'-o) [O. D. talgh]. The fat extracted
from suet, the solid fat of cattle, sheep, and other
ruminants.

Tallqvist's method (tal'-kvist) [Theodor Waldemar
Tallqvist, Finnish physician]. To determine ap-
proximately hemoglobin percentages allow a drop of
blood to soak into a bit of filter-paper and compare
with the naked eye the color strength of the stain with
a series of printed standard tints of known value.

Talma's disease [Sape Talma, Dutch physician,
1847- ]. Myotonia acquisita. T.'s operation,
suture of the omentum to the abdominal wall for
relief of ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver.

talo- (ta-lo-) [talus, ankle]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the ankle or to the astragalus.

talocalcanean (ta-lo-kal-ka' -ne-an) . See astragalo-
calcanean.

talocrural (ta-lo-kroo'-ral) [talo-; crus, leg]. Re-
lating to the astragalus and the bones of the leg.

talofibular (ta-lo-fib' -u-lar) . Relating to the
astragalus and the fibula.

talonavicular (ta-lo-nav-ik' -u-lar). See astragalo-
scaphoid.

taloscaphoid (ta-lo-skaf'-oid). See astragaloscaph-
oid.

talotibial (ta-lo-tib'-e-al). See astragalotibial.

talpa (tal' -pah) [L.]. A mole or wen.

talpiform (tal'-pe-form) [talpa; forma, form].
Wen-shaped.

talus (ta'-lus) [L.]. 1. The astragalus. 2. The
ankle.

TAMA

873

TAPE WORM

tama (tarn' -ah) [L.]. Swelling of the feet and
legs.

tamar indien. An aromatic confection of senna.

tamarac (tam'-ar-ak) [Am. Ind.]. The bark of
Larix americana, a tonic and mild astringent acting
on mucous membranes. Dose of the fluidextract
5ss-j.

tamarind, tamarindus {tam'-ar-ind, tam-ar-in'-dus)
[Ar., tamr, a ripe date; Hind, India]. Tamarindus
indica, a tree of the order Leguminosce. The pre-
served pulp of the fruit (tamarindus, U. S. P., B. P.)
is laxative and refrigerant. Dose i dr.-i oz. (4-32
Gm.).

tambour (tam'-boor) [Fr.]. A drum; a drum-like
instrument used in physiological experiments, and
consisting of a metal cylinder over which is stretched
an elastic membrane, and from which or to which
passes a tube for transmitting a current of air. It is
connected with another apparatus upon which
changes in pressure in the tambour are recorded.

tampicin (tarn' -pis-in) . A purgative resin, C34H54-
O14, from the root of Tampico jalap, Ipomcea simulans.

tampol (tam'-poT). A medicated tampon « for
gynecological use.

tampon (tam'-pon) [Fr.]. 1. A plug of cotton,
■sponge, or other material inserted into the vagina,
nose, or other cavity. 2. To plug with a tampon.

tamponade (tam-pon-ad') [Fr.]. The act of plug-
ging with a tampon.

Tamus (ta'-mus). A genus of dioscoreaceous old-
world plants. The pulp of the bulb of T. communis
(black bryony) is discutient, vulnerary, diuretic,
and laxative.

tanacetin (tan-as' -et-in). See under tansy.

tanacetum (tan-as-e'-tum). See tansy.

tanalum (tan-al'-um) [tannin; alum]. Aluminum
tanno tartrate ; used in diseases of the nose and
throat.

tanargan (tan-ar'-gan). A tannin-silver-albumin
preparation.

tanargentan (tan-ar-jen'-tan). A trade name ap-
plied to a compound or mixture of silver with tannin
and albumin.

tanghin (tang' -gin). A poisonous extractive ob-
tained from tanghinia (q. v.).

tanghinia (tan-gin' -e-ah). T. venenifera, the ordeal-
bean of Madagascar, a cardiac and respiratory poison.
Its active principle is tanghinin.

tanghinin (tan-gin' -in). See under tanghinia.

tangle (tang'-gl). See laminaria. t.-tent. See
sea-tangle.

tango foot (tang' -go). Tenosynovitis of the dorsal
flexors of the foot, particularly of the tibialis anticus,
found in those addicted to modern dances.

tannagen (tan'-a-jen). See tannigen.

tannal (ian'-al) [tannin; alum]. Aluminum tan-
nate; it is used in diseases of the nose and throat.
t., insoluble, aluminum tannate. t., soluble, alumi-
num tannotartrate.

tannalbin (tan-aV -bin) . A compound of tannin
and albumin; a brown, tasteless powder, insoluble
in water, and containing 50 % of tannin. An in-
testinal astringent. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 2 to 4
times daily, t., veterinary, a tannalbin specially pre-
pared for a veterinary intestinal astringent.

tannas (tan' -as). Latin form of tannate.

tannase (tan' -as). A zymase occurring in certain
plants containing tannin, and produced in cultures of
Penicilium glaucum.

tannate (tan' -at) [tannin]. A salt of tannic acid.

tannic acid. See acid, tannic.

tannichthol (tan-ik'-thol). A trade name for
suppositories containing tannic acid, phenol, ichthyol,
belladonna, stramonium, witch-hazel and sometimes
opium.

tannigen (tan'-ij-en). See acetyl tannin.

tannin (tan' -in). See acid, tannic, t., formalde-
hyde, tannoform.

tannismuth (tan-is' -muth) . Trade name of bismuth
bitannate.

tannisol (tan'-is-ol). Methylene ditannin, said
to be a condensation product of tannin and formalde-
hyde.

tannipyrine (tan-ni-pi'-ren). A condensation
product of antipyrine and tannic acid; it is used as a
■styptic.

tannobromine (tan-o-bro' -men) . A product formed
from formaldehyde and dibromtannin. It is said
to be a nerve sedative.

tannocasum (tan-o-ka' -sum) . A compound of

tannin and casein; it is used as an intestinal astrin-
gent.

tannochloral (tan-o-klo'-ral). See captol.

tannochrome (tan'-o-krom). Trade name of a
preparation containing resorcinol and chromium
bitannate.

tannocol (tan'-o-kol). A combination of equal
parts of gelatin and tannic acid.

tannocreosoform (tan-o-kre-o'-so-form). A com-
pound of tannin, creosote, and formaldehyde.

tannoform (tan'-o-form), CH2(CuH909)2. A con-
densation-product of tannin and formaldehyde.
Used internally in chronic intestinal catarrh. Dose
4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.); externally in skin diseases,
burns, etc., in 10 % ointment, or dusting-powder
with 2 to 4 parts of starch. Syn., methylene ditan-
nin ; tannin-formaldehyde.

tannogelatin (tan-o-jel'-at-in) . Same as tannocol.

tannoguaiaform (tan-no-gwi'-a-form). A compound
of tannic acid, guaiacol and formaldehyde, employed
as an intestinal antiseptic and astringent.

tannon (tan' -on), (CH2)6N4(CuHio09)3. A con-
densation-product of tannin and uro tropin; used in
acute catarrh and subacute and chronic enteritis.
Dose 15 gr- (1 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily.

tannopin (tan'-o-pin). See tannon.

tannopumilin (tan-o-pu' -mil-in) . A proprietary
remedy for skin diseases, said to consist of tannic
acid and oil of Pinus pumilio.

tannosal (tan'-o-sal). Tannic acid ester of creo-
sote, containing 60 per cent, of creosote; antitubercu-
lar. Same as creosal.

tannothymal (tan-o-thi'-mal). Trade name of a
condensation product of formaldehyde, thymol and
tannin.

tannyl (tan'-il). A compound of tannin and
oxychlorcasein.

Tanret's reagent for albumin (tahn-ra) [Charles
Tanret, French physician, 18 - ]. Potassium
iodide, 3.32 Gm.; mercuric chloride, 1.35 Gm.;
acetic acid, 20 Cc, diluted with distilled water to
60 Cc. This reagent, added to an albumin solution,
gives a white precipitate.

Tansini's operation (tan-se'-ne) [Iginio Tansini,
Italian surgeon, 1855- ]. 1. An operation for
the removal of the breast, including the skin covering
it, followed by the covering of the bare area with a
flap of skin taken from the back. 2. An operation
for the removal of a hepatic cyst.

tansy (tan'-ze) [O. Fr., tanasie, from Low L.,
tanacetum, from aOavaaia, immortality]. A perennial
herb, Tanacetum vulgare, of the order Composites.
The leaves and tops contain a bitter principle,
tanacetin, C11H16O4, tannic acid, and an essential oil
(oleum tanaceti). Tansy is an aromatic bitter and
irritant narcotic, and has been used in malaria, in
hysteria, and as an emmenagogue and anthelmintic.
In overdoses it produces abdominal pain, vomiting,
epileptiform convulsions, and death from failure of
respiration. Dose 30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 Gm.); of the
oil 1-4 min. (0.065-0.26 Cc).

tantalum (tan'-tal-um). A rare metal, allied in
properties to antimony and bismuth; symbol Ta,
atomic weight 181. 5. See elements, table of.

tap. 1. A sudden slight blow. 2. To empty of
fluid, as to tap a hydrocele. 3- An East Indian term
for trypanosomiasis.

tapeinocephalic, tapeinocephaly. See tapinoceph-
alic, tapinocephaly.

tapetal (tap'-e-tal). Pertaining to the tapetum.

tapetum (ta-pe'-tum) [rdir^, a mat or rug]. 1. The
layer forming the roof of the posterior and middle
cornua of the lateral ventricles of the brain; it is
composed of fibers from the corpus callosum. 2. The
brilliant greenish layer of the eyes of nocturnal
animals, which are by it visible in the dark. Syn.,
tapetum lucidum. t. alveoli, the alveolar periosteum.
t. cellulosum. See t. fibrosum. t. fibrosum, a
shining structure in the choroid of the eye. It takes
the place of the t. cellulosum of the carnivora, the
iridescent portion of the choroid in these animals,
t. lucidum, the brilliant, greenish, reflecting layer or
membrana versicolor of the eyes of many of the lower
animals, t. nigrum, the pigmentary layer of the
retina, t. ventriculi, a bundle of white fibers of the
brain uniting the cortex of the frontal with that of
the occipital lobe.

tape-worm. One of the Cestoda, a class of worms
parasitic in man and the lower animals. The adult
worm (strobilus) consists of a head (scolex) and

TAPHOPHOBIA

874

TARSOPHALANGEAL

numerous segments {proglottides), which are capable
of leading for some time a separate existence, are
hermaphroditic, and contain numerous ova. If
the ova are swallowed by the proper host, they
develop into embryos (proscolices) , which are trans-
formed into the cysticerci, containing the scolices.
If the meat of animals containing living scolices is
eaten, the latter develop into the mature tape-
worm, or strobilus. t., armed. See t., pork, t.,
beef- (Tcenia mediocanellata or saginata), also termed
the unarmed tape-worm, the cysticercus of which
occurs in beef, t., dog- {Taenia echinococcus) , also
called hydatid tape-worm. The mature parasite
lives in the intestine of the dog; the scolices occur in
the internal organs of man and give rise to the
echinococcus or hydatid cysts, t., fish-, t., broad,
t., Swiss (Bothriocephalus latus), the cysticercus of
which occurs in fish, t., hydatid. See t., dog-.
t., pork- (Tcenia solium), also known as the armed
tape-worm, from the presence of several hooklets on
the head, is derived from pork which contains the
cysticerci. Other tape-worms occasionally found in
man are: Tcenia cucumerina or elliptica, most fre-
quent in the dog and cat; Tcenia nana has been found
in man in Italy; Tcenia leptocephala, common in the
mouse, has also been observed in man.

taphophobia (taf-o-fo'-be-ah) [ra<j>os, burial; <£6/Sos,
fear]. Morbid fear of being buried alive.

taphosote (taf'-o-sot). Creosote tannophosphate.

tapinocephalic (tap-in-o-sef-al'-ik) [see tapino-
cephaly]. Affected with tapinocephaly.

tapinocephaly (tap-in-o-sef'-al-e) [raireLPos, low;
Ke<j>a\ii, head]. Flatness of the top of the cranium.

tapioca (tap-e-o'-kah) [Sp.]. A variety of starch
obtained from the cassava or manioc plant, Jatropha
manihot. It is used as a food.

tapir mouth (ta'-per). A separation and thickening
of the lips, with disease of the orbicularis oris muscle,
causing the lips to resemble those of the tapir. It is
sometimes seen in facial muscular atrophy of the
Landouzy-Dejerine type.

tapotement (tap-ot-mon(g)) [Ft.]. In massage,
the operation of percussing or tapping.

tapping (tap'-ing).See i. tapotement ; 2. paracen-tesis.

taproot (tap' -rut). The main root, or downward
continuation of the plant axis.

tar (tahr) [AS., teoru, tar]. An empyreumatic
liquid resin obtained by the destructive distillation
of the wood of various species of Pinus, of the order
Coniferce. Tar (Pix liquida, U. S. P., B. P.) contains
a great variety of compounds, among which are
pyroligneous acid, toluene, xylene, pseudocumene,
cresol, phenol, guaiacol, creosol, paraffin, naphthalene,
pyrocatechin, etc. It is employed in chronic bron-
chitis and in diseases of the urinary tract; externally
in tinea capitis, psoriasis, chronic eczema, and other
affections of the skin, t.-acne. See acne picealis.
t. balls, coal tar camphor, naphthalene, t., Bar-
bados, a black petroleum of Barbados of the con-
sistency of molasses and with bituminous taste.
t., birch, crude oil of birch, t.-camphor, naphthalene.
t., coal, a dark, highly complex, semi-liquid substance
obtained by the destructive distillation of coal, t.,
gas. See t., coal, t., juniper, oil of (oleum cadinum,
U. S. P.). See cade, oil of. t., oil of (oleum picis
liquidce, U. S. P.), a volatile oil distilled from tar.
Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). t. ointment (unguentum
picis liquidce, U. S. P., B. P.), a mixture of tar,
yellow wax, and lard. t. spirit, benzol, t., syrup
of (syrupus picis liquidce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr.
(4-8 Cc). t.-water, an infusion containing one part
of tar to four of water, t., wood, a thick, shining,
black liquid obtained by the distillation of the wood
of various species of conifers.

tara (tah'-rah). A nervous disease occurring in
Siberia.

taracanin (tar-ak'-an-in). The same as antihy-
dropin.

tarantism, tarantismus (tar'-an-tizm, tar-an-tiz'-
mus). A choreic affection, ascribed to the bite of a
tarantula, and supposed to be cured by dancing.

tarantula (tar-an' -tu-lah) [Tarentum]., 1. A species
of spider, Lycosa tarantula, closely resembling the
trap-door spider, Mygale henzii, with which it is
often confounded. Its bite is poisonous. See
tarantism. 2. The Italian form of dancing mania;
tarantism.

tarantulism (tar-an' -tu-lizm). Same as tarantism.

tarassis (tar-as'-is) [rapaaativ, to trouble]. Hys-
teria in the male.

taraxacerin (tar-aks-as'-er-in). A waxy substance
found in dandelion.

taraxacin (tar-aks' -as-in). A crystallizable material
derivable from the common dandelion; said to be
tonic and diuretic.

taraxacum (tar-aks' -ak-um). Dandelion; the
T. officinale (T. dens-leonis) , a plant of the order
Composites. Its root (taraxacum, U. S. P.; taraxaci
radix, B. P.) contains two crystalline principles,
taraxacin and taraxacerin, and is used in chronic
congestion of the liver and spleen, t., decoction of
(decoctum taraxaci, B. P.). Dose 2 oz. (64 Cc).
t., extract of (extractum taraxaci, U. S. P., B. P.).
Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). t., fluidextract of (fluid-
extractum taraxaci, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc).
t., juice of (succus taraxaci, B. P.). Dose 2-4 dr.
(8-16 Cc).

taraxis (tar-ak'-sis) [rapa^is, trouble]. A slight
conjunctivitis, or eye trouble.

Tardieu's ecchymoses or spots [Auguste Ambroise
Tardieu, French physician, 1818-1879]. Ecchymotic
spots found beneath the pleura and the pericardium
after death from strangling. They have also been
observed in death from asphyxia due to other causes.

tared (tard). Allowed for as a tare or deduction;
having the weight previously ascertained, as a tared
filter. The term is used in pharmacy and chemistry.

Tarin's, Tarinus' fascia (ta-ran', ta-ri'-nus) [Pierre
Tarin, French anatomist, 1725-1761]. The fascia
dentata Tarini; the gyrus dentatus. See fascia
dentata. T.'s foramen. See Fallopian hiatus. T.'s
fossa, T.'s pons, the posterior perforated space which
forms part of the floor of the third ventricle. T.'s
space. See T.'s fossa. T.'s tenia, taenia semicircu-
laris; a white band lying below the vena corporis
stria ti, and extending from near the anterior extremity
of the thalamus, along the inner border of the in-
ferior cornu of the lateral ventricle, into the gray
substance of the hippocampus major. T.'s valve,
the posterior medullary velum.

Tarnier's sign (tar-ne-a') [Etienne Stephane Tar-
nier, French obstetrician, 1828-1897]- Effacement
of the angle between the upper and lower segments
of the uterus; it is an indication of inevitable abortion.

tarropetrolin (tar-o-pet'-ro-lin). A compound of
wood tar and petroleum, used as a salve in various
skin diseases.

tarsadenitis (meibomica) (tar-sad-en-i'-tis) [tarsus;
dbiiv, a gland; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the Meibomian glands and tarsal cartilage.

tarsal (tar' -sal) [tarsus]. 1. Pertaining to the
tarsus of the foot. 2. Pertaining to the tarsus of
the eye. t. cartilage, the cartilaginous layers in the
free edge of each eyelid, t. cyst. See chalazion.
t. glands, the Meibomian glands.

tarsale (tar-sa'-le). Any bone of the tarsus, but
especially one in the distal row.

tarsalgia (tar-sal '-je-ah) [tarsus; a\yos, a pain].
Pain, especially one of neuralgic character, in the
tarsus.

tarsalia (tar-sa'-le-ah) [pi. of tarsale]. The tarsal
bones.

tarsalis (tar-sa'-lis). A tarsal muscle.

tarsectomy (tar-sek'-to-me) [tarsus; turow, exci-
sion]. 1. Excision of tarsal bones. 2. Excision of
part of a tarsal cartilage.

tarsectopia (tar-sek-to'-pe-ah) [tarsus; iKToiros, out
of place]. Tarsal displacement.

tarsen (tar' -sen) [tarsus]. Belonging to the tarsus
in itself.

tarsitis (tar-si' -lis) [tarsus; ins, inflammation],
inflammation of the tarsus; and see blepharitis.

tarso- (tar-so-) [rapcrbs, tarsus], A prefix denoting
pertaining to the tarsus.

tarsocheiloplasty (tar-so-ki' -lo-plas-te) [tarso-; xei-
Xos, lip; TrX&ffaeiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the
edge of the eyelid.

tarsoclasis (tar~so-kld'-sis) [tarsus; xXao-is, rupture].
1. Rupture of the tarsal cartilage. 2. Intentional
fracture of the tarsus, for the correction of club-foot.

tarsomalacia (tar-so-mal-a'-she-ah) [tarso-; p.a\aida,
softening]. Softening of the tarsus of the eyelid.

tarsometatarsal (tar-so-met-ah-tar'-sal) [tarso-;
metatarsus]. Relating to the tarsus and the meta-
tarsus.

tarso-orbital (tar-so-or' -bit-al) . Relating to the
framework of the eyelids and the walls of the orbit.

tarsophalangeal (tar-so-fa-lan'-je-al) [tarso- ;
<t>a\ayt, phalanx]. Pertaining to the tarsus and the
phalanges.

TARSOPHYMA

875

TEALE'S AMPUTATION

tarsophyma (tar-so-fi'-mah) [tar so-; 4>vp.a, a growth].
Any morbid growth or tumor of the tarsus.

tarsoplasia (tar-so-pla'-ze-ah). Same as tarso-
plasty.

tarsoplasty (tar'-so-plas-te) [tar so-; irkao-aeiv , to
form]. Plastic surgery of the eyelid; blepharoplasty.

tarsorrhaphy (tar-sor'-a-fe) [tarso-; pa<j>ri, suture].
The operation of sewing the eyelids together for a
part or the whole of their extent.

tarsotarsal (tar-so-tar'-sal) [tarsus]. Between the
tarsal bones; mid tarsal.

tarsotibial (tar-so-tib'-e-al). Same as tibiotarsal.

tarsotomy {tar-sot' -o-me) [tarso-; tow, a cutting],
i. Operation upon the tarsal cartilage. 2. Opera-
tion upon the tarsus of the foot. t. cuneiform, re-
moval of a wedge-shaped piece of any of the tarsal
bones.

tarsus (tar'-sus) [rapads, tarsus]. 1. The instep, con-
sisting of the calcaneus, astragalus, cuboid, scaphoid,
internal, middle, and external cuneiform bones. 2.
The cartilage of the eyelid, called the tarsal
cartilage, a dense connective tissue forming the sup-
port of the lid.

tartar (tar' -tar) [Low L., tartarum, from Ar., durd,
dregs]. 1. A hard mineral deposited on the inside
of wine-casks, and consisting mainly of acid potassium
tartrate (cream of tartar). 2. A hard incrustation on
the teeth, consisting of mineral and organic matter.
t., alkali of, potassium carbonate, t., borated,
potassium and sodium borotartrate. t., cream of
(potassii bitratras, U. S. P.). See potassium bitar-
trate. t. emetic, antimony and potassium tartrate.
See under antimony, t., soluble, potassium tartrate.
t., vitriolated, potassium sulphate.

tartarated (tar'-tar-a-ted) [tartar]. Containing
tartar, t. antimony, tartar emetic, t. soda, sodium
and potassium tartrate.

tartaric acid. See acid, tartaric.

tartarization (tar-tar-i-za'-shun). The treatment
of syphilis with tartar emetic.

tartarized (tar'-tar-izd). See tartarated.

tartarlithin (tar-tar-lith'-in). See lithium bitartrate.

tartarus (tar'-tar-us) [L.]. 1. Tartar. 2. Certain
salts of potassium, t. boraxatus, potassium and
sodium borotartrate. t. natronatus, potassium and
sodium tartrate, t. tartarisatus, potassium tartrate.
t. vitriolatus, potassium sulphate.

tartrate (tar'-trat). A salt of tartaric acid.

tartrated (tar'-tra-ted). Containing tartar; com-
bined with tartaric acid.

tartrophen (tar'-tro-fen). A combination of phene-
tidin and tartaric acid.

Tashkend ulcer (tash-kend') . See Sartian disease.

taste (tdst). 1. The sensation produced by stimu-
lation of special organs in the tongue (taste-organs)
by soluble bodies. 2. The faculty by which these
sensations are appreciated, t., after-, a secondary
taste perceived after the immediate taste has ceased.
t.-bud, an oval, flask-shaped body, embedded in
the epithelium of the tongue, and serving the sense
of taste. It is also called t.-bulb. t.-bulb. See t.-
bud. t.-cell, one of a number of peculiarly shaped,
flask-like bodies found between the epithelial cells
covering the slopes of the circumvallate papillae.
They are the terminal end-organs of the gustatory
nerve, t.-center, the gustatory nervous center.
Its position is not determined, t.-end. See t.-cell.
t.-goblets, flask-like bodies on the sides and base of
the tongue enclosing the gustatory cells; see t.-cell.
t.-pore, the minute canal connecting the interior of
a taste-bud with the surface of the mucous membrane.

tattooing (tat-too' -ing) [Tahitian]. The produc-
tion of permanent colors in the skin by the intro-
duction of foreign substances, such as carbon, india-
ink, etc., a common practice among sailors, t. of
the cornea, a method of hiding leukomatous spots.
t., electrolytic, the electrolytic treatment of angioma
or nevus by means of a negative electrode carrying
from 10 to 20 needles.

taurin (taw'-rin) [taurus, bull], C2H7NSO3. Ami-
doethylsulphonic acid, a crystalline decomposition-
product of bile. See Lang.

taurocholate (taw-ro-ko' -lat) . Any salt of tauro-
cholic acid.

taurocholic acid (iaw-ro-kol'-ik). See acid, tauro-
cholic.

taurocol (taw'-ro-kol). A preparation containing
sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, cascara
sagrada, phenolphthalein, and aromatics. It is a
cholagogue.

tautomenial (taw-to-me' -ne-al) [ravro, the same;
yA\v, month]. Relating to the same menstrual
period.

tautomeral, tautomeric (taw-tom'-er-al, taw-to-mer' -
ik) [tclvto, the same; p.epos, part]. 1. Exhibiting
tautomerism; a qualification applied to compounds
to which two different structural formula? may be
rightly attributed. 2. Applied to neurons of the
cinerea of the spinal cord, the axons of which pass
into the white matter of the cord on the same side
in which they are located.

tautomerism (taw-tom' -er-izm) [tclvto, same; pkpos,
a share]. 1. The attribution of two different
formula? to one compound. 2. The quality ex-
hibited by those cases in which two structural
formulae are possible, while but one compound ap-
pears to be obtainable. It is assumed that in such
bodies the formula? are susceptible of change from
one arrangement to the other. The phenomenon
has also been called desmolropy. t., virtual, term for
phasotropy.

Tawara's node (tah-vah'-rah) [S. Tawara, Japanese
physician]. A node of interlacing muscle fibers in
the auricular septum at the beginning of the muscle
bundle of His.

taxine (taks'-en) [rd£os, yew-tree]. A poisonous
alkaloid from the leaves and seeds of the Taxus
baccata, or yew-tree. It is used in epilepsy.

taxis (taks'-is) [ro£is, from Taaaeiv, to arrange].
1. An arranging. 2. A manipulation, especially
manipulation for the reduction of hernia. 3. The
reaction of protoplasm to a stimulus; tropism,
chemotaxis, q. v. t., bipolar, the replacement of a
retroverted uterus by upward pressure through the
rectum and drawing the cervix down in the vagina,
t., positive, t., negative. See chemotaxis.

taxodium (taks-o'-de-um) [rd£os, yew-tree; eZSos,
form]. The common bald or black cypress of the
southern United States and Mexico; said to be useful
in hepatic diseases, in rheumatism, and as a diuretic.

taxonomic (taks-o-nom'-ik) [rd£is, arrangement;
vdfjLos, law]. Pertaining to systematic classification.

taxonomy (laks-on'-o-me) [t6£is, arrangement;
v6p.os, a law]. The principles of classification.

Taxus (taks'-us) [to£os, yew-tree]. A genus of
cone-bearing trees, the yews. T. baccata, the com-
mon European yew-tree. Its leaves and seeds are
poisonous and have sedative qualities.

Tay's choroiditis. Choroidal degeneration, char-
acterized by irregular yellowish spots visible around
the macula lutea, and thought to be due to an
atheromatous condition of the arteries. Syn.,
choroiditis guttata senilis.

Taylor's test for acetone. A few drops of a freshly
prepared aqueous solution of sodium nitroprusside
are added to 10 c.c. of urine or distillate; concentrated
ammonium hydroxide is then stratified upon the
mixture. A magenta color at the point of contact
indicates the presence of acetone.

Tay-Sach's disease [Warren Tay, English physi-
cian; Bernard Sachs, American neurologist, 1858-
]. Amaurotic family idiocy.

tayuya (ta-u'-yah). The roots of various plants,
Dermophylla pei^dulina, Cayaponia martiana, etc.,
used in the treatment of syphilis.

tayuyin (ta-u'-yin). A bitter principle from
tayuya.

Tb. Chemical symbol of terbium.

T-bandage. See under bandage.

TC. See under tuberculin.

Te. 1. Chemical symbol for tellurium. 2. Ab-
breviation for tetanic contraction.

tea (te) [Chinese]. 1. The dried leaves of Thea
chinensis, of the order Ternstromiacece, used for pre-
paring a beverage, also called tea. 2. Any vegetable
infusion used as a beverage, t., James', t., Labrador,
the leaves of Ledum latifolium used as a substitute
for tea. t., teamsters'. See tepopote.

teaberry. See gaultheria.

teachers' nodes or nodules. See chorditis luberosa.

Teale's amputation (telz) [Thomas Pridgin Teale,
English surgeon, 1801-1868]. 1. For amputation of
the arm: the long flap is placed upon the antero-
external aspect of the arm; the brachial artery and
the median and ulnar nerves are divided with the
posterior flap. 2. For amputation of the leg: a rec-
tangular flap operation, in which a long anterior and
a short posterior flap are made, each consisting of
both integument and muscle; the length of the
anterior flap is equal to half the circumference of the

TEARS

876

TELEGONY

limb, and the posterior flap is one-quarter of the
length.

tears. I. The secretion of the lacrimal gland.
2. Hardened lumps, or drops, of any resinous or
gummy drug.

tease (tez). To tear a tissue into its component
parts with needles.

teaspoon. A small spoon holding about 4 Cc.
or 1 dr.

teat (let). A nipple

technic, technique {tek'-nik, tek-nek') [rkxvn, art].
The method of procedure in operations or manipula-
tions of any kind.

technocausis (tek-no-kaw'-sis) [rex^n, art; Kavtns,
a burning]. Mechanical cauterization, in counter-
distinction to that produced by chemicals.

tecnology (tek-nol'-o-je) [t<:ki>oi>, a child; \6yos,
study]. The study or scientific knowledge of child-
hood, its hygiene, diseases, etc.

tecnotonia (tek-no-to'-ne-ah) [rkuvov, a child;
Krkiveiv, to kill]. Child-murder; infanticide.

tecosis. See takosis.

tectiform (tek'-ti-form) [tectum, a roof; forma,
form]. Roof -shaped.

tectocephalic (tek-to-sef-al'-ik) [tectum, a roof;
Ke<t>a\r], head]. Pertaining to a roof-shaped skull.

tectocephaly (lek-to-sef'-al-e) [tectum, a roof;
Ke<t>a\i), head]. The condition of having a roof-
shaped skull.

tectology (tek-tol'-o-je) [reKrcov, a builder; Aoyos,
science].# Structural morphology.

tectorial (tek-to'-re-al) [lector ium]. Serving as a
roof or covering, t. membrane. See membrana
tectoria.

tectorium (tek-to'-re-um) [L.: pi., tectoria]. 1. A
covering. 2. See membrana tectoria.
. tectum (tek'-tum) ,[L.; gen., tecti]. A roof or cover-
ing, t. ventriculi qiiarti, Vieussen's valve, q. v.

tedious (te'-de-us) [tcedium, weariness]. Unduly
protracted, as t. labor.

tedium vitae. See tcedium.

teel oil. See sesamum, oil of.

teeth (teth) [plural of tooth, q. v.]. t., auditory,
the tooth-like projections on the edge of the limbus
lamina; spiralis of the ear. They extend between the
epithelial cells and give the limbus an uneven, highly
refracting surface. They are composed of the
osteogenous tissue of the crista, t., Chiaie [Prof.
Stephano Chiaie, of Naples]. A peculiar deteriora-
tion of the dental enamel among the inhabitants of
the Italian littoral; characterized by the teeth be-
coming black and destitute of enamel (denti neri),
though apparently strong and serviceable; or the
teeth remain white and finely formed but marred
by a line of fine black, script-like marks (denti
scritti). t., Corti's. See t., auditory, t., Horner's,
incisor teeth presenting horizontal grooves that are
due to a deficiency of enamel, t., Huschke's. See
under Huschke. t., Hutchinson's. See Hutchin-
son's teeth, t., master, a name given by early writers
to the venom fangs of serpents, t., notched. See
Hutchinson's teeth, t., numbering of the, in number-
ing the teeth, the incisor next the symphysis menti
is first, the wisdom-tooth last, or eighth. The first
incisor is also said to be central, mesal, or proximal,
and the last or wisdom-tooth, distal. In numbering
the groups of teeth, as incisors, bicuspids or pre-
molars, molars, the one nearest the symphysis is
number one of the particular group, t., pegged.
See Hutchinson's teeth, t., permanent, those of the
second dentition, t., pivot. See under pivot, t.,
sectorial, the cutting teeth of the carnivora. t.,
springing, a name given by early writers to the venom
fangs of serpents, t., succedaneous, the permanent
teeth which take the places of the temporary teeth.
t., temporary, the teeth of the first dentition; milk-
teeth; deciduous teeth; also, a provisional set of
artificial teeth, t., test-, the central upper incisors
of the permanent teeth, which are observed as a test,
being "notched" or "pegged" in cases of congenital
lues, t., wall, molars.

teething [AS., toth, tooth]. The eruption of the
first teeth in an infant; dentition.

Teevan's law (te'-van). [William Frederick Teevan,
English surgeon, 1834-1887]. Fracture of a bone
occurs in the line of extension, not in that of com-
pression.

tegmen (teg' -men) [tegere, to cover]. A cover.
t. mastoideum, the roof of the mastoid cells, t.

tympani, the roof of the tympanic cavity, t. ventri-
culi quarti, the roof of the fourth ventricle.

tegment (teg'-ment). The tegmentum.

tegmental (teg-men' -tal) [tegmen]. Pertaining to
the tegmentum, t. nucleus, the red nucleus. See
nucleus, tegmental.

tegmentum (teg-men' -turn) [legmen], A covering;
specifically, the dorsal portion of the crus cerebri
and pons Varolii, t. auris, the membrana tympani.
t., hypothalamic, or subthalamic, the continuation
of the tegmentum under the thalamus, t. tympani,
the tegmen tympani. t. ventriculi, lateralis, the
centrum ovale majus. t. ventriculorum, the centrum
ovale majus.

tegmin (teg'-min). A white, aseptic substance
used as is collodion, in sealing small wounds that
do not require drainage; it is said to consist of an
emulsion of wax, acacia, water, zinc oxide, and lano-
lin.

tegone (teg' -on). A proprietary medicated plaster
similar to gelone, q. v.

tegumen (teg'-u-men). See tegmen.

tegument (teg'-u-ment) [tegmen]. The integument.

tegumental, tegumentary (teg-u-men'-tal, teg-u-
ment'-a-re) [tegmen]. Relating to the skin or tegu-
ment.

Teichmann's crystals (ttk'-man) [Ludwig Teich-
mann, German histologist, 1825-1895]. Hemin
crystals. T.'s test for hemin, to the dry residue
placed on a slide a small crystal of sodium chloride
is added and a cover-glass la;d over it. A few
drops of glacial acetic acid are allowed to flow in
under the cover-glass, and the whole is heated gently
so as not to boil the liquid. On cooling, rhombic
crystals of hemin (Teichmann's crystals) will be found.
If no crystals appear after the first warming,, warm
again, and, if necessary, add more acetic acid.

teichopsia (ti-kop'-se-ah) [reixos, wall; S^is, vision].
A temporary amblyopia, with subjective visual
images like fortification-angles; it is probably due to
vasomotor disturbances of the visual center.

teinodynia (ti-no-din'-e-ah). See tenodynia.

teinophlogosis (ti-no-flo-go'-sis) [rdveiv, to stretch;
(jAdyuais, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ten-
dons.

tela (te'-lah) [L.]. A web or tissue, t. adiposa,
adipose tissue, t. aranea, spiders' web, cobweb;
it is used as a styptic, t. cellulosa, connective or
areolar tissue, t. choroidea, the membranous roof
of the third and fourth ventricles of the brain,
t. chorioidea ventriculi quarti, a fold of pia forming
a part of the roof of the fourth ventricle, t. chori-
oidea ventriculi tertii, the velum interpositum, q. v.
t. epithelialis, epithelial tissue, t. erectilis, erectile
tissue, t. flava, elastic tissue, t. hasmalis, lymph
cells and blood-corpuscles, and, also, splenic tissue.
t. vasculosa, the choroid plexus.

telaesthesia (tel-es-the'-ze-ah). Telesthesia, tele-
pathy, q. v.

telangiectasia (tel-an-je-ek-ta'-ze-ah). See telangi-
ectasis.

telangiectasis (tel-an-je-ek' -la-sis) [reXos, end; &y-
yeiov, a vessel; acrcum, a stretching]. Dilatation of
groups of capillaries or smaller blood-vessels, t.
faciei, acne rosacea, t. lymphatica, lymphangiec-
tasis.

telangiectatic (tel-an-je-ek-tat'-ik). Pertaining to
or characterized by telangiectasis.

telangiectoma (tel-an-je-ek-to'-mah) [see lelangioma].
Birthmark; simple nevus.

telangioma (tel-an-je-o'-mah) [rekos, end; &yyelov,
a vessel ; 6/j.a, tumor]. A tumor composed of dilated
capillaries. _

telangiosis (tel-an-je-o'-sis) [rk\os, end; hyyelov,
a vessel]. Disease of the capillaries or minute blood-
vessels.

telar (te'-lar) [tela, a web]. Pertaining to a tela;
of the nature of a tela.

teledactyl (tel-e-dak'-til) [7-77X6, afar; 5o.ktv\os,
finger]. A device to avoid stooping when wishing to
pick up things from the floor (in disease of the spine,
injuries, etc.). It consists of six spring-forceps at
the end of a cane, operated by a cord passing to the
handle and provided with a ring for the index finger.

teledendrite (tel-e-den'-drit). See telodendron.

telediastolic (tel-e-di-as-tol'-ik) [reXos, end; diastole].
Relating to the last phase of a diastole.

telegony (tel-eg'-on-e) [rrjXe, far away; yovi), off-
spring]. The influence of a previous husband on the
children of a subsequent one through the same woman.

TELEGRAPHER'S CRAMP

877

TEMPOSTABILE

telegrapher's cramp. See occupation-neurosis.

telekinesis {tel-ek-in-e' -sis) [rrjXe, afar; kLvt)<tis,
movement]. The power claimed by certain persons
of causing objects to move without touching them.

telelectrotherapeutics {tel-e-lek-tro-ther-ap-u'-tiks)
[rrjXe, afar; electrotherapeutics]. The treatment of
hysterical paralysis by a series of electric discharges
near the patient without actual contact.

telencephal {tel-en' -se-fal) . Telencephalon.

telencephalon (tel-en-sef'-al-on). The end-brain,
a part of the prosencephalon, q. v.

teleneurite {tel-e-nii'-rtt) freXos, end; vevpop, nerve].
One of the terminal filaments of the main stem of an
axis-cylinder process.

teleneuron {tel-e-nu'-ron) [see teleneurite]. The
neuron forming the terminus of an impulse in a
physiological act involving the nervous system.

teleologic {tel-e-o-loj'-ik) [rkXeos, complete; Xbyos,
treatise]. Relating to the final cause of things.

teleology (tel-e-ol'-o-je) [reXeos, complete; Xoyos,
treatise]. The doctrine of final causes.

teleorganic (tel-e-or-gan'-ik) [rkXeos, complete;
organic]. Necessary to organic life.

teleotherapeutics {tel-e-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [rrjXe,
afar; therapeutics]. Suggestive therapeutics.

telepathist {tel-ep' -ath-ist) [rjjXe, afar; iraBos,
disease]. One who is versed in telepathy.

telepathy (te-lep'-ath-e) [rijXe, afar; ttoBos, disease].
The action, real or supposed, of one mind upon
another when the two persons are separated by a
considerable distance; thought-transference.

telephic {tel-ef'-ik). Malignant; incurable; relating
to a telephium.

telephium {tel-ef -e-um) [Telephus, son of Hercules,
whose wound received from Achilles did not heal].
An old inveterate ulcer.

teleradiography {tel-e-ra-di-og'-ra-fe) [rrjXe, afar;
radiography]. Radiography with the tube held at a
distance of about six feet from the body.

telesthesia, telaesthesia (tel-es-the'-ze-ah) [rrjXe,
afar; ato-Oriais, sensibility]. Distant perception; a
perception of objects or conditions independently of
the recognized channels of sense.

telesystolic {tel-e-sis-tol'-ik) [7-eXos, end; systole].
Pertaining to the last phase of systole.

teletherapy {tel-e-ther'-ap-e) [rrjXe, afar; therapy].
Absent treatment.

tellicherry bark. The bark of Wrightia zeylanica ;
it is used in dysentery.

tellurate {teV -u-rat) . A salt of telluric acid.

telluric {tel-lu'-rik) [tellus, earth]. 1. Derived
from the earth. 2. Relating to tellurium, t. acid,
an acid, H2Te04, whose salts are known as tellurates.

tellurism {teV -u-rizm) [see telluric]. Telluric
miasm; influence of the soil as a cause of disease.

tellurium {tel-u'-re-um) [see telluric], A non-
metallic element of bluish-white color, having a
specific gravity of 6.23, a quantivalence of two or six,
an atomic weight of 127.5. Symbol Te.

Tellyesniczky's fluid {tel-yes-nits'-ke) [Kalman
Tellyesniczky, Hungarian histologist]. A 3 per cent,
solution of potassium bichromate in water; to which
5 per cent, glacial acetic acid is added just before use.
It is used as a hardening fluid.

teloblast {teV -o-blast) [reXos, end; /3Xatrr6s, germ].
A segmentation-sphere at the extremity of the germ-
band, which becomes elongated by cells arising from
the mesoblast.

teloblastic (iel-o-blas'-tik) [teloblast]. Pertaining
to a teloblast.

telodendron {tel-o-den'-dron) [reXos, end; dkvbpov,
tree]. The terminal arborization of an axis-cylinder
process.

telokinesis (tel-o-kin-e'-sis). See telophase.

telolecithal {tel-o-les' -ith-al) [reXos, end; XkiaOos,
yolk]. Of an ovum, having a relatively large mass
of food-yolk placed eccentrically.

telolemma {iel-o-lem'-ah) [rkXos, end; Xtfi/xa, husk].
The membrane covering the eminence of Doyere,
or the point of entrance of a motor nerve into a
muscular fiber.

telophase (lel'-o-fdz) [reXoy, end; 0d<n.s, an appear-
ance]. The final phase of any process, as that of
karyokinesis.

telosporidia (tel-o-spo-rid'-e-ah) [rkXos, end; Spor-
idia]. A class of sporozoa which end their individual
existence at the stage of spore formation.

telosynapsis (lel-o-sin-ap'-sis) [rrjXe, afar; synapsis].
The union of chromosomes end to end.

temper {tern' -per). To make metals hard and

elastic by heating them and then suddenly cooling
them.

temperament {tem'-per-am-ent) [L., temperamen-
tum]. A term applied to mental disposition and
physical constitution of an individual, as the bilious,
lymphatic, nervous, and sanguine temperaments.

temperance {tern' -per -ans) [temperantia]. Moder-
ation in satisfying desire; especially as regards the
use of alcoholic beverages.

temperate {tern' -per -at) [temper atus, moderated].
Moderate, without excess, t. zone, the zone of
climate situated between 300 and 700.

temperature {tern' -per-a-tur) [L., temper atur a].
The degree of intensity of heat of a body, especially
as measured by a scale termed a thermometer, t.,
absolute, that reckoned from the absolute zero of
temperature, estimated at — 2730 C. t., critical,
the temperature at which a gas can, by pressure, be
reduced to a liquid, t., mean, the average tempera-
ture of a place for a given period of time, t., normal,
the temperature of the body in a state of health,
i. e., 98.60 F. t., optimum, the temperature most
favorable for the cultivation of microorganisms.
t.-sense, the sense by which differences in tempera-
ture are appreciated, consisting of a sense for cold
{cryesthesia) and a heat-sense {thermoesthesia).
These are represented on the surface by different
nerve-endings, the so-called cold and hot points.

temple {tern' -pi) [tempus, time]. The portion
of the head behind the eye and above the ear.

Templin oil {tem'-plin) [Templin, a town of
Prussia]. Oil of pine-cones, from Pinus pumilio;
it resembles ordinary oil of turpentine.

tempolabile {lem-po-la'-bil) [tempus, time; labilis,
unstable]. Becoming changed in the course of time.

temporal {tem'-po-ral) [temple]. 1. Pertaining to
the temple, as the temporal bone, the temporal
artery. 2. Pertaining to time. t. artery. See
artery, t. bone. See bone. t. crest, a ridge on the
frontal bone. t. diplopia. Same as homonymous
diplopia, t. fossa. See fossa, t. muscle. See
muscle, t. operculum. See postoperculum. t. ridge.
See ridge.

temporalis {tem-po-ra'-lis) [temporal]. The tem-
poral muscle; see muscles, table of.

temporary {tem'-po-ra-re) [temporarius, lasting but
for a time]. Not permanent, t. stopping, a prepara-
tion consisting principally of bleached gutta-percha,
carbonate of calcium, and quartz, for filling teeth,
t. teeth. See teeth.

temporen {tem'-po-ren) [tempora, the temples].
Belonging to the temporal bone in itself.

temporization {tem-po-ri-za'-shun) [tempus, time]..
The expectant treatment of disease.

temporo- {tem-po-ro-) [temple]. A prefix denoting:
pertaining to the temple.

temporoauricular {tem-po-ro-aw-rik'-u-lar) [tem-
poro-; auricular]. Pertaining to the temporal and
auricular regions of the head.

temporofacial {tem-po-ro-fa'-shal) [temporo-; fades,
face]. 1. Pertaining to the temple and the face.
2. The larger of the main branches of the facial nerve.

temporohyoid {tem-po-ro-hi'-oid) [temporo-; hyoid].
Pertaining to the temporal and hyoid bones or regions.

temporomalar Qem-po-ro-ma'-lar) [temporo-; mala,
cheek]. Pertaining to the temporal and malar bones,
or to the temple and cheek.

temporomandibular {tem-po-ro-man~dib' '-il-lar)

[temporo-; mandible]. Pertaining to the temporal
bone and the mandible.

temporomastoid {tem-po-ro-mas' -toid) [temporo- ;
mastoid]. Pertaining to the temporal and mastoid
regions of the skull.

temporomaxillary {tem-po-ro-maks'-il-a-re) [tem-
poro-; maxilla]. 1. Pertaining to the temporal re-
gion and the upper jaw. 2. Temporomandibular.

temporo-occipital {tem-por-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [temporo-;
occiput]. Pertaining to the temporal and occipital
bones or regions.

temporoparietal {tem-po-ro-par-V -et-al) [temporo-;
paries, wall]. 1. Pertaining to the temporal and
parietal bones. 2. Pertaining to the temporal and
parietal lobes of the brain.

temporosphenoid {tem-po-ro-sfe' -noid) [temporo- ;
sphenoid]. Pertaining to, or in relation with, the
temporal and sphenoid bones.

temporozygomatic {tem-po-ro-zi-go-mal'-ik). Re-
lating to the temporal and zygomatic bones or
regions.

tempostabile {tem-po-sta'-btl) [tempus, time; slabilis,

TEMULENCE

878

TENOTOMIST

stable]. Not undergoing spontaneous change in the
course of time.

temulence (tem'-ii-lens) [temulentia, inebriety].
Inebriety; drunkenness.

temulentia (tem-u-len'-she-ah) . See temulence.

temulin (tem'-u-lin). The narcotic principle of
Lolium temulentum.

tenacious (te-na'-shus) [tenax, tough]. Tough;
cohesive.

tenacity (te-nas'-it-e) [tenacitas]. Toughness.

tenaculum (ten-ak'-u-lum) [tenere, to hold], A
hook-shaped instrument for seizing and holding parts.

tenalgia (ten-al'-je-ah) [rkvov, tendon; 0X705, pain].
See tenodynia, t. crepitans. See tendosynovitis.

tenalgin (ten-al'-jin). A proprietary teniafuge
prepared from the areca-nut.

tenalin (ten'-al-in). A teniafuge from areca-nut,
with the toxic principle arecolin eliminated as far as
possible.

tenax (te'-naks) [L.]. Trade name of oakum espe-
cially prepared for surgeons' use.

tenderness (ten'-der-nes). The condition of ab-
normal sensitiveness to touch; soreness.

tendinitis (ten-din-i'-tis). See tenonitis.

tendinoplasty (ten' -din-o-plas-te) [tendo-, a tendon;
irkaocreiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of tendons.

tendinosus (ten-din-o'-sus). The semitendinosus
muscle; see muscles.

tendinosuture (ten-din-o-su'-tur). See tenorrhaphy.

tendinotrochanteric ligament (ten'-din-o-tro-kan-
ter'-ik). A ligament extending from the capsular
ligament of the hip-joint to the great trochanter of
the femur.

tendinous (ten'-din-us) [tendon]. Pertaining to or
having the nature of tendon, t. spot, a deposit of
fibrin on a serous membrane.

tendo (ten'-do) [tendo, tendinis, a tendon; pi.,
tendines], A tendon, t. Achillis, the Achilles tendon
or common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus
muscles inserted into the heel. t. Achillis reflex.
See reflexes, t. calcaneus. See t. Achillis. t.
oculi, t. palpebrse. See ligament, palpebral, internal.

tendomucoid (ten-do-mu'-koid). A mucin found
in tendons.

tendon [tender e, to stretch]. A band of dense
fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle
and attaching the latter to a bone, t., central,
the aponeurosis in the center of the diaphragm.
t., cordiform. See t., central, t., hamstring. See
hamstring, t.-reflex, a reflex produced by stimu-
lating the tendon of a muscle, t., reindeer, tendon
from the neck of the reindeer; used as ligatures,
t.-spindles. See corpuscles, Golgi's. t. of Zinn, the
ligament of Zinn.

tendophone (ten'-do-fon). See dermatophone.

tendophony {ten-doff' -o-ne). See tenophony.

tendoplasty (ten' ' -do-plas-te) . See tenoplasty.

tendosynovitis (ten-do-si-no-vi'-tis). See teno-
synovitis.

tendotome (ten' -do-tom) . See tenotome.

tendotomy (ten-dot' -o-me). See tenotomy.

tendovaginal (ten-do-vaj'-in-al) [tendon; vagina, a
sheath]. Relating to a tendon and its sheath.

tendovaginitis (len-do-vaj-in-i'-tis) [tendon; vagina,
sheath; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
tendon and its sheath; tenosynovitis, t. crepitans.
See tenalgia crepitans, t. granulosa, tuberculosis of
tendon sheaths, the sheaths being filled with granu-
lation or fungous tissue.

tenectomy (ten-ek'-to-me). See tenonectomy.

tenesmic (ten-ez'-mik) [tenesmus]. Of the nature
of, or affected with tenesmus.

tenesmus (ten-ez'-mus) [reivew, to strain]. A
straining, especially the painful straining to empty
the bowels or bladder without the evacuation of
feces or urine.

tenia (te'-ne-ah) [taenia, tape-worm]. A tape-
worm. See tape-worm; taenia, t.-toxin, the toxin
produced by tape-worms and to which the patho-
logical changes wrought in the intestine are partly due.

teniacide (te'-ne-as-ld) [tenia; ccedere, to kill].
1. Destructive of tape-worms. 2. An agent that
destroys tape-worms.

teniafuge (te'-ne-af-uj) [tenia; fugare, to drive].
1. Expelling tape-worms. 2. An agent that expels
tape-worms.

tenial (te'-ne-aV). Pertaining to a tenia or taenia.

teniasis (te-nV -as-is) [tenia]. The ensemble of
symptoms resulting from the presence of tenia in
the body.

tenicide (te'-nis-id). See teniacide.

tenide (ten' -id). A remedy for diabetes.

tenifuge (ten'-if-uj). See teniafuge.

tenioid (te'-ne-oid) [raivia, a band, ribbon; elSos,
form]. Ribbon-like, or resembling a tape-worm.

> teniola (ten-i'-o-lah) [L.]. A small ribbon, t.
cinerea, a thin grayish ridge separating the striae of
the fourth ventricle from the cochlear division of the
acoustic nerve.

teniophobia (te-ne-o-fo'-be-ah) [taenia, tape-worm;
<£6j8os, dread]. Morbid dread of becoming the host of
a tape- worm.

Tennesson's acne. A disseminate variety of acne
cornea.

tennis-arm, tennis-elbow. A strain of the elbow,
said to be frequent in tennis-players.

tennysine (ten'-is-en). An alkaloid occurring in
brain tissue.

teno- (ten-o-) [rkvu>v, tendon]. A prefix meaning
pertaining to a tendon.

tenodynia (ten-o-din'-e-ah) [teno-; obvvq, pain].
Pain in a tendon.

tenography (ten-og'-ra-fe). See tenontography.

tenology (ten-ol'-o-je). See tenontology.

tenomyotomy (ten-o-mi-ot'-o-me) [teno-; myotomy],
Abadie's operation to enfeeble one of the recti mus-
cles, consisting of incising the lateral parts of its
tendon near its sclerotic insertion and removing a
small portion of the muscle on each side.

Tenon's capsule (Jacques Rene Tenon, French
anatomist and surgeon, 1724-1816]. A fibroelastic
membrane surrounding the eyeball. It is covered by
a continuous layer of endothelial plates, and corre-
sponds to a synovial sac. T.'s fascia. See Tenon's
capsule. T.'s membrane. See Tenon's capsule.
T.'s space, the lymph-space existing between the
sclerotic and Tenon's capsule.

tenonectomy (ten-on-ek'-to-me) [teno-; Urop.i), ex-
cision]. Excision of a portion of a tendon.

tenonitis (ten-on-i'-tis). 1. Inflammation of Ten-
on's capsule. 2. Tenontitis.

tenonometer (ten-on-om'-et-er) [teno-; \xkrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the tension
of the eyeball.

tenonostosis (ten-on-os-to'-sis). See tenostosis.

tenontagra (ten-on-ta'-grah) [teno-; ay pa, seizure].
Gout in the tendons.

tenontitis (ten-on-ti'-tis) [teno-; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of a tendon.

tenontodynia (ten-on-to-din'-e-ah). See tenodynia.

tenontography (ten-on-tog'-ra-fe) [teno-; ypcufteiv, to
write]. The descriptive anatomy of the tendons.

tenontolemmitis (ten-on-to-lem-i'-tis) [teno-; \knp.a,
a limiting membrane; ins, inflammation]. See ten-
osynovitis.

tenontology (ten-on-tol'-o-je). See tenontography.

tenontophyma (ten-on-to-fi'-mah) [teno-; <j>vfia,
growth]. A tumor growing on a tendon,

tenontophyte (ten-on' -to-ftt) [teno-; <f>vrov, plant].
A new formation upon a tendon.

tenontoplasty. See tenoplasty.

tenontothecitis (ten-on-to-the-si'-tis). See tenosyn-
ovitis, t. prolifera calcarea, necrobiosis of the ten-
dons in their sheaths accompanied by calcareous de-
posit.

tenophony (ten-of'-on-e) [teno-; (froovri, sound]. A
sound elicited by auscultation supposed to be pro-
duced by the chordae tendinae.

tenophyte (ten'-o-fit) [teno-; <j>vt6v, a growth]. A
bony or cartilaginous growth on a tendon.

tenoplasty (ten' -o-plast-e) [teno-; ■n-'Kaaaeiv, to form].
Plastic surgery of a tendon.

tenorrhaphy (ten-or'-a-fe) [teno-; pa<f>ri, suture].
The uniting of a divided tendon by sutures.

tenositis (ten-o-si'-tis). See tenontitis.

tenostosis (ten-os-to'-sis) [teno-; barkov, a bone].
Ossification of a tendon.

tenosuture (ten-o-su'-tur). Same as tenorrhaphy.

tenosynitis (ten-o-sin-i'-tis). Same as tenosyno-
vitis.

tenosynovitis (ten-o-sin-o-vi'-tis) [teno-; synovia;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a tendon and
its sheath.

tenotomania (ten-ot-o-ma'-ne-ah) [teno-; rofiri,
cutting; navta, name]. A morbid desire to perform
tenotomy.

tenotome (ten'-o-tom) [teno-; Hnveiv, to cut]. A
knife for performing tenotomy.

tenotomist (ten-of -o-mist) . One skilled in ten-
otomy.

TENOTOMIZE

879

TERES

tenotomize (ten-ot'-o-mlz) [teno-; rifwew, to cut].
To perform tenotomy.

tenotomy {ten-of -o-me) [see tenotome]. The oper-
ation of cutting a tendon, t., graduated, cutting a
part of the fibers of the tendon of an ocular muscle
for heterophoria or slight degrees of strabismus, t.,
tarsal, division of the peroneal tendon for the relief
of spavin.

tenovaginitis {ten-o-vaj-in-i'-tis) [teno-; vagina,
sheath; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
sheath of a tendon.

tension {ten' -shun) [tendere, to stretch], i. The
act of stretching; the state of being stretched. 2. In
electricity, the power of overcoming resistance, t.,
arterial, the strain in the arterial walls at the height
of the pulse wave, t., elastic, stretching by means of
an elastic material, t. of gases, the tendency of a gas
to expand on account of the mutual repulsion of its
molecules, t., intravenous, the strain of the blood
current upon the walls of the veins, t., intraocular,
the pressure of the ocular contents upon the sclerotic
coat. It may be estimated by means of an instru-
ment called a tonometer, or by palpation with the
fingers, and is recorded by symbols as follows: Tn =
normal tension; T +i,T +2,T +3, indicate vari-
ous degrees of increased tension, and T — 1, T — 2,
T — 3, corresponding degrees of decreased tension.
t., muscular, the state of muscular contraction which
occurs when muscles are passively stretched.

tensity {ten'-sit-e) [see tension]. Tenseness, the
condition of being stretched.

tensive {ten'-siv) . Giving the sensation of stretch-
ing or contraction.

tensor {ten'-sor) [see tension]. A stretcher; a mus-
cle that serves to make a part tense. See under
muscle.

tensure {ten'-shur) . Tension, a stretching or strain-
ing.

tent (L., tenia]. A plug of soft material, as lint,
gauze, or other material that increases in volume by
the absorption of water; it is used chiefly for dilating
an orifice and for keeping a wound open, t., lamin-
aria, a tent made of sea-tangle, t., sponge, a tent
made of compressed sponge, used for dilating the os
uteri, t., tupelo, one made of the wood of the root
of the water-tupelo.

tentacle {ten'-tak-l) [tentare, to handle, touch, feel].
In biology, loosely applied to any slender, tactile or
prehensile organ, as a feeler, horn, proboscis, antenna,
vibrissa, ray, or arm.

tentacula {ten-tak' -u-lah) . Same as tentacle.

tentaculate {ten-tak' -u-lat). Having tentacles.

tentative {ten' -ta-tiv) [tentare, to try; to prove].
Empirical; experimental.

tenth cranial nerve. The pneumogastric or vagus
nerve.

tentiginous {ten-tij' -in-us) [lentigo, lust]. Char-
acterized by insane lust.

tentigo {ten-ti'-go) [L.]. Lust, satyriasis, t. prava.
Synonym of lupus, t. venerea. Synonym of nym-
phomania.

tentorial {ten-to'-re-al) [tentorium]. Pertaining to
the tentorium, t. sinus, the straight sinus.

tentorium, t. cerebelli {ten-to'-re-um) [L., a tent].
The partition between the cerebrum and the cere-
bellum formed by an extension of the dura mater.
t. of the hypophysis, the process of the dura mater
covering the hypophysis cerebri; the diaphragma
sellae.

tentum {ten' -turn) [tendere, to stretch]. The penis.

tenuate {ten'-u-dt) [tenuis, thin]. To make thin.

tenuis {ten'-u-is) [L.]. Slender, thin. t. mater,
same as pia mater.

tenuity {ten-u' -it-e) . Thinness; the condition of
being thin.

tenuous {ten'-u-us). Thin; minute.

tephromyelitis {tef-ro-mi-el-i'-tis) [re^pos, ash-col-
ored; myelitis]. See poliomyelitis.

tephrosis {tef-ro'-sis) [r&ppa, ashes]. Incineration;
cremation.

tephrylometer {lef-ril-om'-et-er) [rbppa, ashes;
fikrpov, measure]. A graduated glass tube for meas-
uring the thickness of the gray matter of the brain
by means of the segment or core removed.

tepid {tep'-id) [tepidus, warm]. About blood-heat.

tepidarium {tep-id-a'-re-um) [tepid]. A warm bath.

tepopote {tep-o-po'-la). The twigs of Ephedra
antisyphilitica; used in venereal diseases.

tepor {tep'-or) [L.]. Warmth; moderate heat.

ter [L., "three times"]. A common prefix meaning

three, or threefold, t. in die, three times a day;
abbreviated to t. i. d.

terabdella {ter^ab-del'-ah) [rephv, to bore, /35eXXa, a
leech]. An artificial leech.

teramorphous {ter-ah-mor' -jus) [teras; uop4>y, form].
Of the nature of a monstrosity.

teras {te'-ras) [repas, a monster; fl., terata]. A
monster.

teratic {ter-at'-ik) [teras]. Monstrous.

teratism {ter'-at-izm) [teras]. An anomaly of con-
formation, congenital or acquired, t., acquired, de-
formity which is the result of disease, violence, or
operation, t., atresic, deformity, in which the natu-
ral openings are occluded, t., casemic, deformity in
which parts which should be united remain in their
primitive, fissured state, t., ectogenic, one in which
certain parts of the body are absent or defective, t.,
, ectopic, one in which there is displacement of one or
more parts, t., hermaphroditic, one in which the
organs of both sexes exist, t., hypergenetic, one in
which certain organs are disproportionately large.
t., symphysic, one in which certain organs or parts
are abnormally fused.

teratoblastoma {ter-at-o-blas-to'-mah) [teras; fi\aa-
tos, germ; -op,a, tumor]. Same as teratoma.

teratogenesis {ter-at-o-jen'-es-is). Same as tera-
togeny.

teratogeny {ter-at-oj'-en-e) [teras; yewav, to beget].
The formation or bringing forth of monsters.

teratoid {ter'-at-oid) [teras; d8os, like]. Resembling
a monster, t. tumor, a complex tumor due to the
growth of tissue embryologically misplaced.

teratological {ter-at-o-loj'-ik-al) . Pertaining to ter-
atology.

teratology {ter-at-oV -o-je) [teras; \6yos, science].
The science of malformations and monstrosities.

teratoma {ter-at-o'-mah) [teras; 5fia, tumor: pi.,
teratomata]. A tumor containing teeth, hair, and
other material not found in the part wherein it grows,
and resulting from an embryonic misplacement of
tissue or from the inclosure of parts of a rudimentary
fetus.

teratomatous {ter-at-o' -mat-us) [teratoma]. Of the
nature of, or resembling a teratoma.

teratophobia {ter-at-o-fo' -be-ah) [teras; <j>6(ios, dread].
1. Morbid fear of monsters or of deformed or peculiar
individuals. 2. Morbid dread, on the part of a
pregnant woman, of giving birth to a teratism.

teratosis {ter-at-o' -sis) [teras]. 1. A congenital de-
formity. 2. Also used as a synonym of teratism.

terbasic {ter-ba'-sik). Synonym of tribasic.

terbium {tur'-be-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A rare
metallic element, symbol Tb. See elements, table of.

terchloride {ter-klo'-tld) [ter, three; chloride]. Syn-
onym of trichloride.

tere {te'-re). Latin for rub.

terebene {ter'-eb-en) [repkftivdos, terebinth tree].
Terebenum (U. S. P.), C10H16. A hydrocarbon obtain-
ed by the oxidation of oil of turpentine by means of
sulphuric acid. It is soluble in alcohol, and is used in
bronchitis, dyspepsia, and diseases of the genito-
urinary tract. Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). t.
glycerol, a mixture of terebene, 4 parts; glycerol, 7
parts; and water, 1 part, shaken together and exposed
until the separated glycerol remains turbid when al-
lowed to stand. It is used as an application to puru-
lent wounds.

terebenthene {ter-e-ben' -then) . Oil of turpentine.

terebinth {ter' -e-binth) [see terebene]. 1. The tur-
pentine-tree, Pistacia terebinthus, which yields Chian
turpentine. 2. Turpentine.

terebinthina {ter-eb-in' -thin-ah) . See turpentine.

terebinthinate {ter-eb-in' -thin-dt) [see terebene]. 1.
Containing turpentine. 2. A member or derivative
of the turpentine group.

terebinthinism {ter-e-bin'-thin-izm). Poisoning
with oil of turpentine.

terebinthinize {ter-e-bin'-thin-iz). To charge with
turpentine.

terebrachesis {te-re-brak-e'-sis) [teres, round; /3pdx-
w, short]. The operation of shortening the round
ligament of the uterus.

terebrant, terebrating {ler'-e-brant, ter'-e-bra-ting)
[terebrare, to bore]. Piercing, boring, said of pain.

terebration {ter-eb-ra'-shun) [see terebrant]. The
operation of boring.

teremorrhu {ter-e-mor'-u) [terebene; morrhua, the
cod]. A proprietary preparation of pure terebene
and cod-liver oil.

teres {te'-rez) [L., round; gen., leretis; pi., ter--

TERETE

880

TESTICLE

tes]. i. Round, as the ligamentum teres. 2. A muscle
having a cylindrical shape, as teres major, teres minor.
See under muscle.

terete (ter-et') [teres]. Cylindrical, t. eminence, a
slight thickening of the funiculus teres on the floor
of the fourth ventricle, t. funicle. See funiculus
teres.

teretipronator (te-re-te-pro-na'-tor). The pronator
radii teres muscle. See muscles.

teretiscapularis (te-re-te-skap'-u-la-ris). The teres
major muscle. See muscles.

ter in die [L.|. Three times daily; generally
abbreviated to t. i. d.

tergal (ter'-gal) [tergum, back]. Pertaining to the
back, or dorsal surface or aspect.

tergolateral (ter-go-lat'-er-al) [tergum, back; latus,
side]. Pertaining to the back and the side.

term [repfia, a limit]. A limit; the time during
which anything lasts. The time Of expected delivery.
The menses.

terma (ter'-mah) [see term]. The layer of gray mat-
ter between the corpus callosum and the optic com-
missure ; the lamina terminalis or lamina cinerea of the
brain.

termatic (ter-mat'-ik) [rkptia, limit]. Pertaining to
the terma; as the termatic artery.

terminad (ter'-min-ad) [see term]. Situated in or
toward the terminus.

terminal (ter'-min-al) [see term]. Pertaining to the
end; placed at or forming the end. In the plural, a
name sometimes applied to the poles of a battery or
other electric source, or to the ends of the conductors
or wires connected thereto, t. artery. See artery.
t. carbon atoms, those combined with three hydrogen
atoms, t. genital corpuscles, the round dilatations
terminating the nerves in the dermis covering the
extremity of the penis in horses, t. infection, an
infection occurring late in the course of another
disease and often causing the death of the patient.
t. neuritis. See erythromelalgia.

terminology (ter-min-ol'-o-je) [terminus, a name,
term; \6yos, science]. Nomenclature; a system of
technical names or terms.

terms (Jtermz). The menses.

ternary (ter'-na-re) [ter, three times]. Of chemical
compounds, made up of three elements or radicals.

ternitrate (ter'-ni-trat). See trinitrate.

teroxide (ter-oks'-id) [ter, three; oxide]. A trioxide.

terpene (ter'-pen) [a modified form of terebene].
One of a number of hydrocarbons having the formula
C10H16, and contained in many volatile oils. t. hy-
drochloride, artificial camphor, QoHie . HC1; obtained
from dry pinene by the action of dry chlorine in the
cold. It is used as an internal antiseptic in tuber-
culosis and to check the flow of saliva; externally, it
is used with phenol in skin diseases, t. iodide. See
iodoterpin.

terpenism (ter' -pen-izm) . Poisoning by terpene
from internal use or inhalation; marked by abdom-
inal pain, vomiting, inflammation of bladder and kid-
neys, bronchitis, paroxysms of asphyxia, and collapse.
The urine has the odor of violets.

terpin {ter' -pin), CioHi6(H20)2H20. A diatomic
alcohol obtained from turpentine; used in bronchial
and pulmonary diseases to facilitate expectoration.
t. hydrate (terpini hydras, U. S. P.), C10H20O2+H2O,
a colorless, crystalline substance used as an expector-
ant and diuretic. Dose as expectorant 3-6 gr. (0.2-
0.4 Gm.); diuretic, 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.) several
times daily.

terpineol (ter-pin'-e-ol) [terpin; oleum, oil], C10H17-
OH. A viscous liquid obtained by heating terpin
hydrate with phosphoric acid ; used as is terpin.

terpini hydras (ter-pi'-ni). Terpin hydrate.

terpinol (ter'-pin-ol). An oily liquid obtained by
the action of dilute mineral acids on terpin hydrate
with heat; soluble in alcohol or ether. It is used as a
bronchial stimulant, antiseptic, and diuretic. Dose
8-15 m.

terra {ter'-ah) [L.: gen., and pi., terrce]. Earth.
t. adamica, any red bole, as Armenian bole. t. alba,
white clay. t. cariosa, rotten-stone, t. foliata, sul-
phur, t. foliata mineralis, impure sodium carbonate.
t. foliata tartari, potassium acetate, t. fullonica,
fuller's earth, t. fullonum, fuller's earth, t. japon-
ica, catechu, t. livonica, a very astringent sealed
earth from Livonia, t. miraculosa Saxoniae, Saxony
earth, a mottled and variegated lithomarge or marrow
stone, t. oriana, t. orleana, annotto. t. ponderosa,
baryta or barium sulphate, t. disienna, same as

ocher. t. sigillata, a sealed earth; any bole so highly
valued as to be formed into a small mass and stamped
with a seal. t. sigillata alba, white bole. t. sigillata
rubra, red bole. t. umbra, umber.

terracing a suture. A term indicating the closure
of a wound by means of the insertion of successive
tiers of sutures.

terrain-cure (ter-an(g)-kur) [Fr.]. A method of
treatment consisting in mountain-climbing, dietetics,
etc., for plethora, corpulence, neurasthenia, chlorosis,
incipient pulmonary tuberculosis, etc.

terralin (ler'-al-in). An ointment-vehicle con-
sisting of calcined magnesia, kaolin, silica, glycerol,
and an antiseptic. It can be readily removed from
the skin by water.

terraline (ter'-al-in) [terra, earth]. A proprietary
preparation of petroleum, recommended as a sub-
stitute for cod-liver oil.

terrol (ter'-ol). A mixture of hydrocarbons of the
paraffin series, offered as a substitute for cod-liver oil.

terroline (ter'-ol-en). A variety of petroleum-jelly.

tersulphate (ter-sul'-fat) [ter, thrice; sulphate]. A
salt in which the base is united with three sulphuric
acid radicals.

tersulphide (ter-sul'-fld). See trisulphide.

tertian {ter' -she-an) [tertius, third}. Recurring
every other day, as tertian fever, a form of intermit-
tent fever, t., double, quotidian.

tertiarism iter' -she-ar-izm) . Tertiary syphilis.

tertiary (ter'-she-a-re) [tertian]. Third in order.
t. alcohol, an alcohol which contains the trivalent
group COH. t. syphilis. See under syphilis.

tertipara (ter-tip'-a-rah) [ter, three times; par ere, to
bear]. A woman who has been in labor three times.

tervalence {ter-va'-lens). Synonym of trivalence.

tescalama (tes-kal-am'-ah). The milky juice of
Ficus nymphceifolia, a tree of Mexico and South
America. It is used in plasters.

Tesla currents (tes'-lah) [Nikola Tesla, electrician,
1857- ]• Rapidly alternating electric currents of
high tension; they were applied therapeutically by
d'Arsonval.

teslaization (tes-lah-iz-a'-shun). The therapeutic
application of Tesla currents. Syn., arsonvalization.

tessellated (tes'-el-a-ted) [tessellatus, from tessella, a
small square stone], t. epithelium, flattened epithel-
ial cells joined at their edges.

test [testum, a crucible]. 1. A trial. In chemistry,
a characteristic reaction which distinguishes one body
from others. 2. The reagent for producing a special
reaction, t. breakfast. See test-meal. t. glass, a
small glass vessel, used in the chemical laboratory for
purposes of experimentation and investigation, t.-
meal, one given for the purpose of studying the secre-
tory power of the stomach, t.-paper, paper impreg-
nated with a chemical reagent, and used for detecting
the presence of certain substances or conditions which
cause a change in the color of the paper, t. solution.
See standard solution, t.-spoon, a small spoon with a
spatula-shaped handle used in chemical experiments.
t.-tube, a cylinder of thin glass closed at one end, used
in various chemical procedures, t.-types, letters or
figures of different sizes to test acuteness of vision.
Those most commonly employed are Snellen's test-
types, a series of letters which at proper distances
subtend an angle of five minutes.

testa (tes'-tah) [L.]. A shell, t. ovi, egg-shell, t.
praeparata, crushed and powdered oyster-shell.

testaceous (tes-ta-shus) [testa, a shell]. Pertaining
to a shell.

testaden (tes' -tad-en). A preparation from the
testes of the bull. Used in affections of the spinal
cord and in nervous troubles. Dose 92-123 gr. (6-8
Gm.) daily.

testectomy (tes-tek' -to-me) [testis, testicle; i/crow,
excision]. Orchidectomy, castration.

testes (test'-ez) [pi., of testis]i See testicle, and
testis, t. of brain, see corpora quadrigemina. t.,
female, the ovaries, t. muliebres, the ovaries.

testibrachial (les-te-bra'-ke-al) [testis; brachium,
arm]. Pertaining to the testibrachium.

testibrachium (tes-te-bra'-ke-um) [testis; brachium,
arm]. The process connecting the cerebellum with
the testes of the brain; the superior peduncle of the
cerebellum.

testicle (Jtes'-tik-l) [testiculus, dim. of testis]. See
testis (1). t., displaced, a testicle in an abnormal
situation, as in the pelvic cavity, t., inverted, a
testicle which is so placed in the scrotum that the
epididymis is attached to the anterior part of the

TESTICOND

881

TETRACHLORMETHANE:

gland, t., irritable, neuralgia of the testicle, t.,
pulpy, medullary sarcoma of the testicle, t., scrofu-
lous. Synonym of tuberculous orchitis, t., swelled.
Synonym of epididymitis, t., syphilitic. Synonym
of syphilitic orchitis, t., undescended, the condition
in which a testicle remains either in the pelvis or in
the inguinal canal.

testicond (tes'-tik-ond) [testis; condere, to hide].
Having the testes undescended.

testicular (tes-tik'-u-lar) [testicle]. Pertaining to
the testicle, t. fluid, the semen, t. juice, a juice
extracted from the testicles of animals, and used in
the treatment of various nervous conditions, t.
therapy, the therapeutic employment of an extract
from the testicles. See organotherapy, t. cord, the
spermatic cord.

testiculin (tes-tik'-u-lin). Trade name of a prep-
aration derived from the testicles of animals.

testiculus (tes-tik'-u-lus) [L.: gen., and pi., testic-
uli]. A testicle.

testidin (tes' '-lid-in) . An alcoholic extract prepared
from the testes of the bull.

testin, testine {tes' -tin). A sterilized extract of the
testes of the ram; used in nervous debility, impair-
ment, etc.

testis (test'-is) [L.; pi., testes], i. One of the two
glandular bodies in the scrotum thatsecrete the semen.
2. One of the posterior pair of tubercles of the corpora
quadrigemina. t., caput, the epididymus. t., des-
cent of, the passage of the testes through the inguinal
canal into the scrotum, t. muliebris, the ovary, t.
virilis, the testicle.

testitis (tes-ti'-tis). See orchitis.
test-meal. See under test.

testudo (tes-tu'-do) [L., a tortoise-shell]. A figure-
of-eight bandage about an articulation, the turns
crossing on the flexor surface and the spirals over-
lapping, so as to cover the extensor surface of the joint,
tetania (te-tar-ne-ah) [L.]. Tetany, t. epidemica,
same as t. rheumatica. t. gravidarium, tetany in
pregnant women, t. parathyreopriva, tetany fol-
lowing removal of the parathyroid glands, t. rheu-
matica, an epidemic form of tetany, generally occur-
ring in winter.

tetanic (tet-an'-ik) [tetanus], i. Pertaining to or
resembling tetanus. 2. Producing tetanus.

tetaniform (iet-an' -e-jorm) [tetanus; forma, form].
Resembling tetanus.

tetanigenous (tet-an-ij'-en-us) (tetanus; ytwav, to
produce]. Productive of tetanus or tetanic spams.
tetanilla (tet-an-il'-ah) [tetanus]. Tetany.
tetanin (tet'-an-in) [tetanus], C14H30N2O4. A pto-
maine obtained from cultures of the bacillus of tet-
anus in beef-broth and from the tissues of patients
suffering from tetanus. It produces symptoms of
tetanus in the lower animals.

tetanism (tet'-an-izm). A more or less continuous
hypertonicity of muscle.

tetanium (tet-an'-e-um). Synonym of strychnine.

tetanization (tet-an-i-za' -shun) [tetanus]. 1. The

production of tetanus or of tetanic spasms. 2. The

induction of a protracted contraction in a nerve by

an electric current.

tetano- (tet-an-o-) [tetanus]. A prefix meaning
relating to tetanus.

tetanocannabin (tet-an-o-kan'-ab-in) [tetano; can-
nabis]. A basic substance found in some samples of
cannabis, or hemp. Its action on the system resem-
bles that of strychnine.

tetanode (tet'-an-od). Pertaining to the quiescent
interval in tetanus, between the tonic spasms.

tetanoid (tet'-an-oid) [tetano-; eI5os, resemblance].
Resembling tetanus, t. fever, cerebrospinal menin-
gitis, t. paraplegia, spastic paraplegia.

tetanolysin (iet-an-oV -is-in) [tetano-; \veiv, to loosen].
The hemolytic toxin of tetanus.

tetanometer (tet-an-om'-et-er) [tetano-; pkrpov,
measure]. An instrument for measuring tetanic
spasms.

tetanomotor (tet-an-o-mo'-tor) [tetano-; motor, a
mover]. An instrument for stimulating a nerve
mechanically and producing tetanus of the supplied
muscle.

tetanospasmin (tet-an-o-spaz'-min). A toxin pro-
duced by the tetanus bacillus to which tetanic con-
vulsions are due.

tetanotoxin (tet-an-o-loks'-in) [tetano-; to^ikw, poi-
son]; C5H11N. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from
cultures of the bacillus of tetanus. It produces
tremor, then paralysis and violent convulsions.

tetanus (tet'-an-us) [rkravos, from reivetv, to stretch].

1. An infectious disease characterized by tonic spasm
of the voluntary muscles, an intense exaggeration of
reflex activity, and peculiar convulsions. It is due
to the bacillus of tetanus. The poison may enter
through a wound (traumatic tetanus); at times no
point of entrance is discoverable (idiopathic tetanus).

2. A tense, contracted state of a muscle, especially
when caused experimentally. t., acoustic. See
acoustic, t. antitoxin. See under antitoxin, t.,
artificial, that produced by a drug, t., cephalic, t.,
cerebral, t., kopf-, a special form of tetanus that has
sometimes been observed to follow injuries of the
head, especially those in the neighborhood of the eye-
brow, trismus and facial paralysis occur upon the side
of the injury, there is dysphagia, and death frequently
results, t. dolorificus, synonym of cramp, t., ex-
tensor, a form of tetanus in which the extensors act
more powerfully than the flexors, t., hydrophobic,
tetanus characterized by violent spasm of the mus-
cles of the throat, t., imitative, hysteria which sim-
ulates tetanus, t. infantum. See t. neonatorum. t.»
idiopathic, tetanus in which there is no history of
injury, t., localized, tetanic spasm of a part. t.
neonatorum, that due to infection of the umbilicus
or the circumcision-wound, t., postoperative, that
following operation, t., puerperal, that following
labor, t., remittent. See tetanilla. t., Ritter's, the
series of contractions, or apparent tetanus, observed
on the opening or interrupting of an electric current
which has been passing through the nerve for some
time; opening tetanus, t., toxic, tetanus produced
by an overdose of nux vomica or its alkaloids, t.,
traumatic, tetanus following an injury, t., Wundt's,
a prolonged tetanic contraction induced in a frog's
muscle by injury or the passage of a strong current.

tetany (tet'-an-e) [tetanus]. A disease character-
ized by intermittent, bilateral, painful, tonic spasms
of the muscles, especially of the upper extremities.
It is most common in young adults, but may occur
in others. The cause appears to be a toxic agent. It
occurs in connection with typhoid fever, gastrointes-
tinal inflammation, in rickets, dilatation of the stom-
ach, and after extirpation of the thyroid or parathy-
roid glands, t., duration, a continuous tetanic spasm
occurring in degenerated muscles when a strong con-
tinuous current is applied, t., epidemic, t., rheu-
matic, a form occurring over large portions of Eu-
rope, especially in the winter season. It is acute,
lasting only two or three weeks, and rarely proving
fatal, t., gutturo-, a stammering due to tetanoid
spasm of the laryngeal muscles, t., parathyreoprival,.
tetany following removal of the parathyroid glands,
t. rheumatic. See t., epidemic, t., thyreoprival, a
form following removal of or suspension of the func-
tion of the thyroid gland.

tetarelle (ta-tar-eV) [Fr., titer, to suck]. An ap-
pliance for enabling a weakly infant to obtain milk
from its mother. It consists of a nipple shield and
two tubes; the mother sucks one of the latter, and the
milk flows to the infant's mouth through the other.

tetartocone (tet-ar'-lo-kon) [rerapros, fourth; k&vos,
cone]. Posterointernal cone; the fourth or posteroin-
ternal cusp of an upper molar tooth.

tetartoconid (tet-ar-to-kon'-id) [tetartocone]. Pos-
terointernal or fourth cone of the lower molar teeth..

tetmil (tet'-mil). Ten millimeters.

tetra- (tet-rah-) [rerpa, four]. A prefix meaning
four.

tetra-allylammonium-alum (tet-rah-al-il-am-o-n e-
um-al'-um), NCCsHs^.AUCSO^s + 12H2O. A uric-
acid solvent.

tetrabasic (tet-rah-ba'-sik) [tetra-; /3d<rij, base].
Having four atoms of replaceable hydrogen.

tetrablastic (tet-rah-blas'-tik) [tetra-; pXaarros, a
germ]. Having four germ-layers, namely an ecto-
derm, entoderm, somatopleure, and a splanchno-
pleure.

tetraboric acid (tet-rah-bo'-rik). See acid, tetraboric.

tetrabrachius (tet-rah-bra'-ke-us) [tetra-; /SpaxiW,
arm]. A monster having four arms.

tetracetate (tet-ras'-et-at). A combination of a base
with four molecules of acetic acid.

tetracheirus (tet-rah-ki'-rus) [tetra-; x«'P. hand].
A monster with four hands.

tetrachloride, tetrachlorid (tet-rah-klo'-rid) [tetra-;
chloride]. A binary compound consisting of an ele-
ment or radical and four chlorine atoms.

tetrachlormethane (tet-rah-klor-meth'-an). Carbon
tetrachloride.

TETRACID

882

THALAMOTEGMENTAL

tetracid {tet-ras'-id) [tetra-; acid]. Having four
atoms of hydrogen that are replaceable by acid
radicals.

tetracoccus (tet-rah-kok'-us) [tetra-; kokkos, berry].
A micrococcus occurring in groups of four.

tetracrotic (tet-rah-krot'-ik) [tetra-; kpotos, a beat].
Same as katatricrotic.

tetrad {tet'-rad) [rkrpa, four]. I. An element hav-
ing an atomicity of four. 2. A group of four.

tetradactyl (tet-rah-dak'-til) [tetra-; 5a.KTv\os, a
finger, or toe]. Having four digits on each limb.

tetraethylene iodide {tet-rah-eth'-il-en). See diio-
doform.

tetragenic (tet-raj-en'-ik). Pertaining to or pro-
duced by the Micrococcus tetragenus.

tetragenous {tet-raj'-en-us) [tetra-; yiyveadai, to be
born]. In biology, applied to bacteria and other
organisms which produce square groups of four as the
result of fission.

tetragon, tetragonum (tet'-rag-on, tet-rah-go'-num)
[tetra-; yuvia, angle, corner]. A four-sided figure.
tetragonum lumbale, an irregular, rhomboid space in
the lumbar region beneath the aponeurosis of the
latissimus dorsi, bounded externally by the dorsal
margin of origin of the obliquus extemus muscle, in-
ternally by the margin of the sacrospinalis, above by
the serratus posticus inferior, and below by the upper
margin of the obliquus internus.

tetragonus (tet-rah-go'-nus) [tetra-; yuvla, angle,
corner]. The platysma muscle.

tetrahydric (tet-rah-hi'-drik) [tetra-; hydrogen].
Containing four replaceable atoms of hydrogen.

tetrahydrobetanaphthylamine {tet-rah-hi-dro-ba-tan-
naff-thil-am' -en) . See thermin.

tetraiodoethylene {tet-rah-i-o-do-eth'-il-en). See
diiodoform.

tetraiodophenolphthalein {tet-rah-i-o-do-fe-nol-thaV-
e-in) . Nosophen.

tetraiodopyrrol {iei-trah-i-o-do-pir'-ol). See iodol.

tetramastia (tet-rah-mas'-te-ah) [tetra-; naaros,
breast]. Tetramazia.

tetramastigote {tet-ram-as'-tig-ot) [tetra-; jid<m£, a
whip]. In biology, applied to microorganisms having
four nagella.

tetramazia (tet-rah-ma'-ze-ah) [tetra-; p,a£6s, breast].
The presence of four breasts or mammary glands.

tetramerism {tet-ram'-er-izm) [tetra-; nepos, part].
In biology, division into four parts.

tetramethylenediamine {tet-rah-meth-il-en-di-am'-
in), C4H8(NH2)2. Putrescine.

tetramethylputrescine {tet-rah-meth-il-pu-tres' -in) ,
C8H20N2. A crystalline base derived from putres-
cine, having very poisonous properties.

tetranitrin, tetranitrol (tet-rah-ni'-trin, tet-rah-ni'-
trol). See erythrol tetranitrate.

tetranopsia {tel-ran-op'-se-ah) [tetra-; 6\pis, vision].
A contraction of the field of vision limited to one
quadrant.

tetra-ophthalmus, tetrophthalmus {tet-rah-off-thaV -
mus, tet-roff-thal'-mus) [tetra-; 64>86lKhos, eye]. A form
of monster having four eyes. See diprosopus.

tetraotus, tetrotus (tet-rah-o'-tus, tet-ro'-tus) [tetra-;
oZs, the ear]. A form of monster having four ears.
See diprosopus.

tetraplegia {tet-rah-ple' -je-ah) [tetra- ; ir\^yr), stroke].
Paralysis of all four extremities.

tetrapus {tet'-rah-pus) [tetra-; irovs, foot]. 1. Hav-
ing four feet. 2. A monster having four feet.

tetrascelus {tet-ras'-el-us) [tetra-; c/ceXos, leg]. A
monster having four legs.

tetraschistic (tet-rah-skis'-tik) [tetra-; <rxi<m, divi-
sion]. Dividing into four similar parts; tetragenous.

tetraster {tet-ras'-ier) [tetra-; aaryjp, a star]. A
karyokinetic figure characterized by an arrangement
of four stars, due to a fourfold division of the nucleus.

tetrastichiasis (tet-rah-stik-i'-as-is) [tetra-; arixos, a
row]. Anomalous arrangement of the eyelashes in
four rows.

tetrastoma {tet-ras' -to-mah) [tetra-; arby-a, a mouth].
A genus of entozoa.

tetratomic {tet-rat-om'-ik) [tetra-; atom]. 1. Con-
taining four atoms. 2. Having four atoms of replace-
able hydrogen.

tetravalent {tet-rav'-al-ent). See quadrivalent.

tetrelle {tet-rel'). See tetarelle.

tetronal (tet'-ron-al) [rerpa, four], C9H20S2O4. Die-
thylsulphondethylmethane, a hypnotic resembling
sulphonal. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.13 Gm.).

tetronerythrin {tet-ron-er' -ith-rin) [tetra-; ipvdpds,
red]. A pigment found in some animals.

tetrophthalmus {tet-roff-thal'-mus). See telraoph-
thalmus.

tetrotus {tet-ro'-tus). See tetraotus.

tetroxide, tetroxid {tet-roks'-id) [tetra-; oxid]. A
binary compound composed of a base and four atoms
of oxygen.

tetryl {tet'-ril). See butyl.

tetter {tet'-er). A name for various skin eruptions,
particularly herpes, eczema, and psoriasis, t., braw-
ny, seborrhcea capitis, t., dry, dry or squamous
eczema, t., humid. See eczema, t., milky. See
crusta lactea. t., moist. See eczema, t., running,
includes various forms of eczema, t., scaly, psoriasis
and squamous eczema.

tety {tet'-e). A skin disease found in Madagascar,
and characterized by a pustular or squamous erup-
tion in the neighborhood of the mouth and nostrils.

teucrin {tu'-krin), 1.C21H24O11 or C21H26O11. A crys-
talline glucoside from Teucrium fruticans. 2. A
purified, sterilized aqueous extract of Teucrium scor-
dium ; a pungent brown liquid used in the treatment
of tuberculous abscesses to arrest development. Hy-
podermic dose 50 min. (3 Cc.) ; locally 10 gr. (0.65
Gm.) with lanolin once daily.

Teucrium {tu-kre-um) [tcvkpiov, germander]. A
genus of labiate plants, germander or spleenwort.
T. chamaedrys, is used as an alterative. T. mari-
timum, cat-thyme, has errhine and antispasmodic
properties, and was formerly used in coughs and
nervous affections.

teutlose {tut' -Ids) [t&>t\ov, beet]. A sugar found
in beetroot.

tewfikose {til-fik'-os). A sugar obtained from the
milk of the Egyptian buffalo.

Texas fever. An infectious disease of cattle char-
acterized by high fever, hemoglobinuria, and enlarge-
ment of the spleen. The disease is due to the parasite
Pyrosoma bigeminum, which invades the red blood-
corpuscle and is transmitted by the cattle-tick, Boo-
philus bovis.

texis {teks'-is) [regis]. Child-bearing.

text-blindness {tekst'-blind-ness). See word-blind-
ness under aphasia.

textiform {teks'-te-form) [textum, a web; forma,
form]. Reticular, forming a mesh.

textural {teks'-tu-ral) [textum]. Pertaining to the
tissues.

texture {teks'-tur) [lexer e, to weave]. 1. Any or-
ganized substance or tissue of which the body is
composed. 2. The arrangement of the elementary
parts-of tissue.

textus {teks'-tus) [lexer e, to weave]. A tissue.

T-fiber. A fiber given off at right angles from an
axis-cylinder process.

tfol. Arabian soapstone, a natural product, closely
related to steatite, proposed as a vehicle for antisep-
tic emulsion: 20 parts of tfol in 100 parts of heavy
tar oil.

TGI [tuberculin; Fr. globulineuse, globulinous]. A
symbol for a globulin contained in tubercle bacilli,
soluble in 10 per cent, salt solution.

thalamencephal {thal-am-en' -se-fal) . See thalam-
encephalon.

thalamencephalic {thal-am-en-sef-al'-ik). Pertain-
ing to the thalamencephalon.

thalamencephalon {thal-am-en-sef -al-on) [thalamus ;
encephalon]. The posterior portion of the anterior
brain-vesicle; the interbrain. Syn., diencephalon.

thalami {thal'-am-i). Plural of thalamus.

thalamic {thal-am'-ik) [thalamus]. Pertaining to
the thalamus, t. epilepsy, epilepsy from disease of
the optic thalamus.

thalamo- {thal-am-o-) [thalamus]. A prefix deno-
ting relation to the thalamus.

thalamocele, thalamoccele {thai' -am-o-sel) [thal-
amo-; KoCKia., a hollow]. The third ventricle.

thalamocortical {thal-am-o-kor' -tik-al) [thalamo- ;
cortex]. Pertaining to the thalamus and the cortex
of the brain.

thalamocrural {thal-am-o-kroo'-ral) [thalamo-; crus,
leg]. Pertaining to the thalamus and a crus cerebri.

thalamolenticular {thal-am-o-len-tik'-u-lar) [thal-
amo- ; lenticular] . Pertaining to the thalamus and the
lenticular nucleus.

thalamomammillary {thal-am-o-mam' -il-la-re) [thal-
amo-; mammillary]. Pertaining to the thalamus and
the mammillary bodies, t. fasciculus, the bundle of
Vicq d'Azyr.

thalamotegmental {thal-am-o-teg-ment'-al) . Rela-
ting to the thalamus and tegmentum.

THALAMUS

883

THELE

thalamus (thal'-am-us) [dakanos, couch; pi., thai-
ami]. A mass of gray matter at the base of the brain,
developed from the wall of the vesicle of the third
ventricle, and forming part of the wall of the latter
cavity. The posterior part is called the pulvinar.
The thalamus receives fibers from all parts of the
cortex, and is also connected with the tegmentum and
with fibers of the optic tract, t., optic, t. opticus.
The same as thalamus.

thalassophobia (thal-as-o-fo'-be-ah) [dakaaaa, sea;
<jS6/3os, fear]. A morbid fear of the sea.

thalassotherapy (thal-as-o-ther'-ap-e) [6a\ao<ra, sea;
Oepairela, treatment]. Treatment of disease by sea-
voyages, sea-bathing, sea-air, etc.

thaletts (thai' -lets). Pieces of chocolate containing
phenolphthalein, and used as a laxative.

thalictrine (thal-ik'-tren). A poisonous alkaloid
obtained from Thalictrum.

thalleine (thal'-e-en). A combination of thalline
with a compound ether or alcoholic radical.

thallic (thal'-ik). Pertaining to the metal thallium.

thalline (thai' -in) [daXXos, a green shoot], C10H13-
ON. A liquid basic substance tetrahydroparam-
ethyloxychinolin. t. acetate, used for night-sweats
of tuberculosis. Daily dose, 15 gr. (0.1 Gm.). It
has the peculiar property of causing rapid falling of
the hair, t.-alopecia, falling of the hair following
the ingestion of thalline acetate, t. periodate, used
as the sulphate, t. salicylate, an antiseptic, anti-
pyretic, and antirheumatic. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-.52
Gm.). t. sulphate, white needles or crystalline pow-
der turning brown on exposure; soluble in water, 5
parts; alcohol, 100 parts; boiling water, 0.5 parts.
It is antiseptic, antipyretic, and hemostatic; dose,
3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.). Injection in chronic gon-
orrhea, 5% solution in oil. t. tannate, used as the
sulphate, t. tartrate, crystalline powder soluble in
10 parts of water or 300 parts of alcohol; used as the
sulphate.

thallinization (thal-in-iz-a' -shun) . Continuous in-
fluence of thalline (or its salts) by frequent repetition
of the dose.

thallium (thal'-e-um) [see thalline]. A metallic
element having an atomic weight of 204, a specific
gravity of 11. 19; symbol, Tl. The salts are poison-
ous. See elements, table of chemic.

thallophyte (thai' -o-fit) [0aXX6s, a green shoot; <{>vt6v,
a plant]. One of a class of very low cryptogams.

thalocol (thal'-o-kol). Tablets containing phenol-
phthalein and calomel.

thalosen (thal'-o-sen). Tablets containing phenol-
phthalein, sulphur, senna, and aromatics; used as a
laxative.

thallus (thal'-us) [0aXX6$, a young shoot]. In bi-
ology, applied to a plant-body in which there is no
differentiation into root, stem and leaves.

thamuria (tham-u'-re-ah) [dap.a, often; ovpov, urine].
Frequent urination.

thanato- (than-at-o-) [d'avaros, death]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to death.

thanatobiologic (than-at-o-bi-o-loj'-ik) [thanato-;
/3tos, life]. Pertaining to life and death.

thanatognomonic (than-at-og-no-mon' -ik) [thanato-;
yvuipxjiv, sign]. Indicative of death.

thanatoid (than' -at-oid) [davaros, death; eldos, like].
Resembling death.

thanatol (than' -at-ol) . Same as guaethol.

thanatology (than-at-oV -o-je) [thanato-; \6yos,
science]. The sum of scientific knowledge regarding
death.

thanatomania (than-at-o-ma' -ne-ah) [thanato- ; p.avla,
madness]. Suicidal mania.

thanatometer (than-at-om'-et-er) [thanato-; fikrpov, a
measure]. A thermometer introduced into a body-
cavity to determine if the depression of temperature
is so great as to be a sign of death.

thanatophidia (than-at-o-fid'-e-ah) [lhamato-; &£«, a
serpent]. Those serpents whose bite produces toxic
symptoms or death.

thanatophobia (than-at-o-fo' -be-ah) [thanato-; </>6/3o$,
fear]. A morbid fear of death.

thanatopsy (than' -at-op-se) [thanato-; 5^«, view].
Autopsy, necropsy.

thanatosis (than-at-o' -sis). See gangrene.

Thane's method) (than) [George Dancer Thane,
English anatomist]. To find the fissure of Rolando in
operations upon the brain, the middle point of a line
passing from the root of the nose to the occipital
protuberance is determined. The upper extremity
of the fissure lies half an inch behind this point.

Thapsia (thap'-se-ah) [Ba^la]. A genus of old-
world umbelliferous plants. Thapsia resin (resina
thapsice) is the product of T. garganica, T. silphium,
and T. villosa. The resin is strongly counter-irritant.
The root of T. garganica is used by the natives of
North America as a counter-irritant. Internally a
tonic; dose of the fluidextract ttjix-xxx. The root of
T. villosa (deadly carrot) is purgative.

thaumatrope (thaw' -mah-tr op) [dav^a, wonder;
TpoirT), a turning]. A device containing figures, on
opposite sides of a rotating board, which blend when
in motion. It shows the duration of visual impres-
sions.

thaumatropy (thaw-mat' -ro-pe) [6avp.a, wonder;
Tpoiri), change]. The transformation of one kind of
tissue into another.

thea (the' -ah). Tea; the dried leaves of Thea sin-
ensis, a shrub of the order Ternstrcemiacece, contain-
ing the alkaloid theine, C8H10N4O2, identical with caf-
feine. Thea is astringent and gently stimulant to
the nervous system; its infusion is used as a beverage,
t., nigra, black tea, is less pungent and less fragrant
than green tea and is made from leaves that have
undergone fermentation and are then slowly dried.
t. viridis, green tea, is prepared from leaves that have
been dried quickly, having undergone no fermentation,
theaism (the'-ah-izm). See theism.
theatrin (the' -at-rin) . An ointment-vehicle con-
sisting of wax, oil, and water.

thebaic (the-ba'-ik) [Thebes, where opium was once
prepared]. Pertaining to or derived from opium.

thebaine (the'-ba-en) [Gi)Pai, Thebes], C19H21NO3.
An alkaloid found in opium, analogous to strychnine
in its physiological effects. It is also called paramor-
phine.

thebaism (the' -ba-izm) [Qijfiai, Thebes]. The con-
dition induced by thebaine or paramorphine ; opium-
ism.

Thebesian foramina, (the-be'-ze-an). T. valve, T.
veins. See under Thebesius.

Thebesius' foramina [Adam Christianus Thebesius,
German physician, 1686-1732]. The orifices of The-
besius' veins. T.'s valve, an endocardial fold at the
orifice of the coronary vein in the right auricle. T.'s
veins, vense minimse cordis; the venules which convey
the blood directly from the myocardium into the
auricles.

thebolactic acid (theb-o-lak'-tik). A variety of
lactic acid occurring in opium.

theca (the'-kah) [017x77, a sheath, pi., thecoe]. A
sheath, especially one of a tendon, t. cerebri, the
cranium, t. cordis, the pericardium, t. folliculi, a
membranous formation around a Graafian vesicle
caused by fibrillation of a layer of young connective
tissue subsequent to the increased vascularity accom-
panying the process of maturation, t. tendinis, the
synovial sheath of a tendon, t. vertebralis, the mem-
branes of the spinal cord.

thecal (the'-kal) [theca]. Pertaining to a sheath
or theca. t. abscess, tenosynovitis, paronychia, or
whitlow.

thecate (the'-kat) [theca]. Contained within a
sheath.

thecitis (the-si'-tis) [theca; wis, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the sheath of a tendon.

thecodont (the'-ko-doni) [theca; 68ovs, tooth]. Hav-
ing the teeth covered or sheathed in alveoli.

thecosoma, thecosomum (the-ko-so'-mah, -mum)

[017*77, a sheath; aa)p.a, body]. Same a.s schistosomum.

thecostegnosis (the-ko-steg-no'-sis) [theca; o-Teyvoeiv,

to contract]. The shrinking or contraction of the

sheath of a tendon.

Theden's bandage (ta'-den) [Johann Christian
Anton Theden, German surgeon, 1714-1797]- ■ A
form of roller bandage applied from below upward
over a graduated compress, to control hemorrhage
from a limb.

theic (the'-ik) [thea, tea]. A tea-drunkard; an im-
moderate user of tea.

theine (the' -in). See under thea.
theinism (the'-in-izm). Same as theism.
theism (the'-izm) [thea]. The morbid condition due
to the excessive use of tea; it is characterized by
headache, palpitation, tremor, insomnia, cachexia, etc.
thelalgia (the-lal'-je-ah) [077X17, a nipple; 01X70$, pain].
Pain in the nipple.

thelasis, thelasmus (thel-as'-is, thel-az'-mus) [077X0-
%tiv, to suckle]. The act of sucking.

thele (the'-le) [077X17, a nipple]. The nipple of the
female breast.

THELEPLASTY

884

THERMESTHESIA

theleplasty {the' -le-plas-te) [thele; ir\a<r<reiv,toform].
Plastic surgery of the nipple.

thelerethism (the-ler'-eth-izm) [thele; ipediapos, irri-
tation]. Erection of the nipple.

thelitis {the-W -tis) [thele; ins, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the nipple.

thelium (the'-le-um) [thele]. i. A papilla. 2. A
layer of cells. 3- The nipple.

theloncus (the-long'-kus) [thele; bynos, a tumor].
Tumor of the nipple.

thelorrhagia (the-lor-aj' -e-ah) _ [thele; pelv, to flow],
Hemorrhage from the nipple.

thelothism (the'-lo-thizm) [thele; oidkeiv, to push].
Projection of the nipple, caused by contraction of the
transverse muscular fibers.

thelyblast {thel'-e-blast) [drjXvs, female; /SXaaros, a
germ]. The female element of the bisexual nucleus;
the ovum after the polar globules have been extruded.

thelygonia (thel-ig-o'-ne-ah) [drjXvs, female; yovij.
birth]. 1. The procreation of female offspring. 2.
Nymphomania.

thelymania (thel-im-a'-ne-ah) [dijXvs, female; fiavla,
madness]. Satyriasis.

thenad (Jthe'-nad) [thenar; ad, toward]. Toward
the thenar eminence.

thenal (the'-nal) [thenar]. Pertaining to the palm,
or the thenar eminence.

thenar (the'-nar) [devap, palm], 1. The palm of the
hand. 2. The fleshy prominence of the palm cor-
responding to the base of the thumb, t. eminence.
See thenar (2). t. muscles, the abductor and flexor
muscles of the thumb.

thenen (the'-nen) [dkvap, palm]. Belonging to the
thenar aspect in itself.

theobroma (the-o-bro'-mah) [9e6s, a god; Ppa>p.a,
food]. A genus of trees of the Sterculiacece. The
seeds of T. cacao yield a fixed oil {oleum throbromatis,
U. S. P.) , and contain the alkaloid theobromine, C7H8-
N4O2, which is closely related to caffeine and xanthin.
The seeds are used in the preparation of chocolate
and cocoa; the oil (cacao-butter) is employed as an
ingredient of cosmetic ointments and for making
pills and suppositories. Theobromine acts similarly
to caffeine.

theobromine (the-o-bro'-men). See under theo-
broma. t. sodiosalicylate. See diuretin.

theocin (the' -o-siri) . Synthetically prepared theo-
phylline isomeric with theobromine, and used as a
diuretic. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily.

theolactin (the-o-lak'-tin). A proprietary diuretic
containing sodium lactate and theobromine-sodium.

theolin (the'-o-lin). Same as heptane.

theomania (the-o-ma'-ne-ah) [deos, a god; p.avla,
madness]. 1. Religious mania. 2. Insanity in which
the individual believes himself to be a divine being.

theomaniac (the-o-ma'-ne-ak). One who is affected
with theomania.

theopathy (the-op'-ath-e) [deos, a god; ir6£os, disease].
Cure by prayer.

theophobia (ihe-o-fo'-be-ah) [deos, a. god; (pofios, fear].
Morbid fear of the deity.

theophorin (the-off'-or-in). Proprietary name of a
double salt of theobromine-sodium and sodium for-
mate. It is said to be diuretic.

theophylline (the-off'-il-en) [thea, tea; <I>vXKoj>, leaf],
C7H8N4O2. An alkaloid occurring in tea and iso-
meric with theobromine and with paraxanthin.

theoplegia (the-o-ple'-je-ah) [deos, a god; irXriyfi, a
stroke]. Apoplexy.

theoretical (the-o-ret'-ik-al). Based on theory;
speculative.

theory (the'-o-re) [Oeoopia, a view]. The abstract
principles of a science. Also a reasonable supposition
or assumption, generally one that is better developed
and more probable than a mere hypothesis.

theotherapy (the-o-ther'-ap-e) [deos, a god; therapy].
The treatment of disease by prayer and religious
exercises.

therapeusis (ther-ap-u'-sis). See therapeutics.

therapeutic (ther-ap-u'-tik) [see therapeutics]. Per-
taining to therapeutics; curative, t. test, a method
of diagnosis by administering certain remedies known
to influence a given disease, e. g., quinine in malaria,
potassium iodide and mercury in syphilis.

therapeutics (ther-ap-W '-tiks) [depairevTiKv, the art
of medicine]. The branch of medical science dealing
with the treatment of disease, t., empirical, treat-
ment based upon experience, t., mediate, medi-
cating a child through its mother's milk, t., rational,
treatment based upon a knowledge of the symptoms

of the disease and the physiological action of the
remedy, t., specific, treatment of a disease by a
specific remedy, t., suggestive, hypnotic suggestion
in the treatment of disease.

therapeutist (ther-ap-u'-tist) [see therapeutics].
One skilled in therapeutics.

therapia sterilisans magna. Ehrlich's mode of
treatment by destruction of the parasites in the
body of a patient without doing serious harm to the
patient; it is accomplished by the administration,
in one large dose, of a sufficient quantity of a drug
having a special affinity for the parasite causing the
disease.

therapic (ther-ap'-ik) [therapy]. Pertaining to
therapy; therapeutic.

therapist (ther'-ap-ist). Same as therapeutist.

therapol (ther'-ap-ol) [therapy; oleum, oil]. A
vegetable oil containing ozone; it has been used in
diphtheria.

therapy (ther'-ap-e). See therapeutics, t., bacterial.
Same as opsonic therapy, t., opson.c, treatment by
the use of bacterial vaccines wh^ch increase the
opsonic index, t., psychic, treatment of disease by
influence of the mind, t., serum. See serotherapy.
t., vaccine. Same as therapy, opsonic.

therencephalous {ther-en-sef -al-us) [d-qp, a wild
beast; eynecpaXos, the brain]. A term applied to a
skull in which the lines from the inion and nasion
to the hormion make an angle of from 1160 to 1290.

theriaca (the-ri'-ak-ah) [dripiaicri, from di)plov, a
wild beast, because believed to be an antidote
against the poison of animals]. Treacle; molasses,
t. Andromachi, Venice treacle, a compound con-
taining nearly 70 ingredients, and used as an antidote
against poisons.

theriatrics (the-re-at'-riks) [drip, a wild beast;
larpiKr], the art of healing]. The medical treatment
of animals.

theriodic (the-re-od'-ik) [dypiov, a wild beast].
Malignant.

therioma (the-re-o'-mah) [drip, a wild beast; &p.a,
tumor; pi., theriomata]. A malignant ulcer or
tumor.

theriomimicry (the-re-o-mim'-ik-re) [drjplov, a wild
beast; p.Lp.os, an imitator]. Imitation of the acts of
animals.

theriotherapy (the-re-o-ther'-ap-e) [drjplov, a wild
beast; therapy]. Veterinary therapy.

theriotomy (the-re-ot'-o-me) [drjpiov, a wild beast;
rop.ii, an incision]. Zootomy; the anatomy or
dissection of animals.

therm [depp,rj, heat]. 1. The amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of one gram of
water from o° C. to i° C; it is also called a calorie. .
2. Also a heat unit equivalent to one thousand
kilogram -(large) calories; it is designated T.

thermacogenesis (ther-mak-o-jen'-es-is) [depp.j, heat;
<j>app.a.Kov, drug; yeveo-is, production]. The raising of
the body temperature by the action of drugs.

thermae (ther'-me) [depw, heat]. Hot baths; hot
springs.

thermaerotherapy {ther-mah-e-ro-ther'-ap-e) . The
therapeutic application of hot air.

therm aesthesia (thur'-mes-the'-ze-ah). See thermes-
thesia.

thermal (ther'-mal) [see therm]. 1. Pertaining to
heat. 2. Hot, as thermal spring, t. capacity, the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
a body from 0° to i° C. t. death-point, the degree
of a heat required to kill a fluid culture in ten minutes.
t. unit, the amount of heat required to raise the tem-
perature of a pound of water one degree F. or C.

thermalgesia (ther-mal-je'-ze-ah) [therm; aXyos,
pain]. The condition in which heat causes pain.

thermanalgesia (ther-man-al-je'-ze-ah) . See thermo-
analgesia.

thermanesthesia, thermanaesthesia (ther-man-es-
the'-ze-ah). See thermoanesthesia.

thermantidote (thur-man'-tid-ot) [9epp.rj, heat;
antidote]. An apparatus for cooling the air, much
used in some hot regions.

thermasma {thur-maz'-mah). A warm fomenta-
tion.

thermatology (thur-mat-ol'-o-je) [dkpp-n, heat; \6yos,
science]. The scientific use or understanding of
heat or of the waters of thermal springs in the cure
of disease.

thermesthesia, thermaesthesia (ther-mes-the'-ze-ah)
[therm; a'lo-dyo-is , sensation]. 1. The heat-sense. 2.
Sensitiveness to heat.

THERMESTHESIOMETER

885

THERMOMETER

thermesthesiometer, thermaesthesiometer (thur-
mes-the-ze-om' -et-er) [depnv, heat; alaOrjais, sensation;
jikrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the
sensibility to heat of different regions of the skin.

thermic (ther'-mik) [6kpp.rj, heat]. Pertaining to
"heat. t. fever, sunstroke; heat-fever, t. sense,
thermesthesia.

thermifugin (thur-mif -u-jin) [Oepp-v, heat; fugare,
to expel]. Trade name of sodium carbonate, recom-
mended as an antipyretic.

thennin (ther'-min), CioHu . NH2HC1. A colorless
liquid obtained from a solution of 0-naphthylamine
in amyl-alcohol by action of metallic sodium. It is
used as a mydriatic. Syn., tetrahydro-P-naphthyl-
-amine. t. hydrochloride, C10H11NH2 . HC1, used to
increase body-temperature.

thermo- (ther-mo-) [Okpurj, heat]. A prefix meaning
lieat.

thermoaerophore (ther-mo-a-e'-ro-for) [thermo- ;
a-qp, air; <pepeiv, to bear]. An apparatus for the
therapeutic local application of hot air.

thermoaesthesia (thur-mo-es-the'-ze-ah). See ther-
mesthesia.

thermoalgesia (ther-mo-al-je'-sia). Same as ther-
malgesia.

thermoanalgesia (ther -mo-an-al-je' -ze-ah) [thermo-;
■analgesia]. Insensibility to heat or to contact
-with heated objects; due to cerebral lesion.

thermoanesthesia, thermoanaesthesia (ther-mo-an-
•es-the' -ze-ah) [thermo-; anesthesia]. Loss of the per-
ception of thermal impressions, a condition some-
times present in syringomyelia.

thermocauterectomy (ther-tno-kaw-ter-ek'-to-me) .
See igniextirpation.

thermocautery (ther-mo-kaw'-ter-e). See Paquelin's
•cautery.

thermochemistry (ther-mo-kem'-is-tre) [thermo- ;
chemistry]. That branch of chemical ^science em-
bracing the mutual relations of heat and chemical
changes.

thermochroic (ther-mo-kro'-ik) [thermo-; xpba,
color]. Transmitting some thermal rays and
absorbing others.

thermochroism (thur-mo-kro'-izm) [thermo-; xp&<n-s,
a coloring]. The property possessed by certain
substances of transmitting some thermal radiations
while they absorb or change others.

thermochrosis (thur-mo-kro'-sis). See thermo-
chroism.

thermocurrent (thur-mo-kur'-ent) [thermo-; cur-
rent]. An electric current produced by heat.

thermodiff usion (thur-mo-dif-u'-zjun) [thermo- ;
diffusion]. Diffusion of a gas by inequalities in
temperature.

thermodin (ther' -mo-din) [dipun, heat], C13H17NO4.
An antipyretic derivative of ethyl carbamate.

thermoelectricity (ther-mo-e-lek-tris'-it-e) [thermo- ;
electricity]. Electricity generated by heat.

thermoesthesia, thermoaesthesia (thur-mo-es-the'-ze-
ah). See thermesthesia.

thermoesthesiometer. See thermesthesiometer.

thermoexcitory (thur-mo-ek-si'-to-re) [thermo-; ex-
citor, excitor]. Having the function of exciting the
production of heat (opposed to thermoinhibitory) .

thermofuge (ther'-mo-fuj). An external antiseptic,
emollient, and detergent, said to be a compound of
aluminum silicate, glycerol, boric acid, menthol,
thymol, oil of eucalyptus, and ammonium iodide.

thermogen (ther' -mo- j en) [see thermogenesis]. An
appliance for keeping up the temperature of patients
during an operation. It consists of a quilted cushion
through which pass wires the temperature of which
can be raised by the passage of an electric current.

thermogenesis (ther-mo-jen'-es-is) [thermo-; yewav,
to produce]. The production of heat.

thermogenetic, thermogenic, thermogenous (ther-
mo-jen-et'-ik, ther-mo-jen'-ik, ther-moj' -en-us) [see
.thermogenesis]. Pertaining to thermogenesis; pro-
ducing heat.

thermogenics (ther-mo-jen'-iks) [see thermogenesis].
The science of the production of heat.

thermogram (ther' -mo-gram) [thermo-; ypap.ua, a
written character]. The record of a thermograph.

thermograph (ther'-mo-graf) [thermo-; ypaxj>eiv,
to write]. A device for registering variations of
temperature automatically.

thermohyperalgesia (ther-mo-hi-per-al-je' -ze-ah)

[thermo-; hyperalgesia]. Painful sensation felt on
•contact with a hot body.

thermohyperesthesia (ther-mo-hi-per-es-the' -ze-ah)

[thermo-; hyperesthesia]. Abnormal sensitiveness to
the application of hot bodies.

thermohypesthesia (ther-mo-hi-pes-the' -ze-ah) [ther-
mo-; hypesthesia]. Abnormal indifference or in-
sensibility to heat or to contact with heated objects.

thermohypoesthesia (ther-mo-hi-po-es-the' -ze-ah) .
See thermohypesthesia.

thermoinhibitory (ther-mo-in-hib'-it-o-re) [thermo-;
inhibitory]. Inhibiting the production of heat.

thermol (ther'-mol), C14H15NO3. A coal-tar deriva-
tive forming as white crystals, soluble in water and
alcohol. It is analgesic, antipyretic, and antiseptic.
Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.) every 3 hours.

thermolabile (ther -mo-la' -bit) [thermo-; lapsus, a
gliding or falling]. Destroyed or changed by heat.

thermology (ther-moV -o-je) [thermo-; \byo%, science].
The science of heat.

thermolusia (ther-mo-lu'-se-ah) [thermo-; \oveiv,
to wash]. A hot bath.

thermolysis (ther-mol'-is-is) [thermo-; Xuo-is, a
loosening]. 1. Dissipation of animal heat. 2.
Chemical decomposition by means of heat.

thermolytic (ther -mo-lit' -ik) [see thermolysis]. Per-
taining to thermolysis.

thermomagnetism (ther -mo-mag' -nei-izm) [thermo- ;
magnetism]. Magnetism produced by heat.

thermomassage (ther-mo-mas-ahzf) . Massage
with application of heat.

thermometer (ther -mom' -et-er) [thermo-; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the in-
tensity of heat, consisting of a substance capable of

COMPARISON

OF

THERMOMETERS.

*!

s

v

s

**

s

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s

0

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s

«

-«

s

«

«

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0

u

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£

fti

O

*

k,

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£

212

100

80

122

50

40

32

0

0

210

98.9

79-1

120

48.9 39.1

30

— 1.1

- 0.9

208

97.8

78.2

Il8

47-8

38.2

28

— 2.2

- 1.8

206

96.7

77-3

Il6

46.7

37-3

26

- 3-3

- 2.7

204

95.6

76.4

114

45.6

36.4

24

- 4.4

- 3-6

202

94-4

75-6

112

44.4

35-6

22

- 5-6

- 4-4

200

93-3

74-7

no

43-3

34-7

20

- 6.7

- 5-3

198

92.2

73-8

108

42.2

33-8

18

- 7.8

- 6.2

196

91. 1

72.9

106

41. 1

32.9

16

- 8.9

- 7.1

194

90

72

104

40

32

14

— 10

- 8

192

88.9

71. 1

102

38.9

31. 1

12

— 11. 1

- 8.9

190

87.8

70.2

100

37-8

30.2

10

— 12.2

- 9.8

188

86.7 169.3

98

36.7

29-3

8

-13.3

-10.7

186

85.6 68.4

96

3S.6I28.4

6

-14.4

-11.6

184

84.4 I67.6

94

34-4 '27.6

4

-15.6

— 12.4

182

83.3 166.7

92

33.3 126.7

2

-16.7

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180

82.2

65.8

90

32.2 25.8

0

-17.8

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178

81. 1

64.9

88

31. 1

24-9

— 2

— 18.9

-15.1

176

80

64

86

30

24

- 4

—20

-16

174

78.9

63.1

84

28.9

23.1

- 6

—21. 1

— 16.9

172

77.8

62.2

82

27.8

22.2

- 8

— 22.2

-17.8

I70

76.7 61.3

80

26.7

21.3

— 10

-23.3

-18.7

168

75-6 160.4

78

25.6 20.4

— 12

-24.4

— 19.6

166

74-4 59.6

76

24.41 19.6

-14

— 25.6

— 20.4

164

73-3 58.7

74

23.3 ji8.7

-16

—26.7

-21.3

l62

72.2 57-8

72

22.2 117.8

-18

-27.8

— 22.2

160

71. 1 56.9

70

21. 1 116.9

— 20

-28.9

-23.1

158

70 56

68

20 16

— 22

-30

-24

156

68.9 !55.i

66

18.9 15. 1

-24

-31. 1

-24.9

154

67.8 54-2

64

17.8 I14.2

-26

—32.2

-25.8

152

66.7 !53-3

62

16.7 |i3.3

-28

-33-3

— 26.7

150

65.6 I52.4

60

15.6 112.4

-30

-34-4

—27.6

148

64.4 '51.6

58

14.4 n. 6

-32

-35-6

—28.4

146 ! 63.3 50.7

56

13.3 10.7

-34

-36.7

-29.3

144 | 62.2 49.8

54

12.2

9.8

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-37-8

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142 1 61. 1 48.9

52

11. 1

8.9

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-38.9

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140 60 I48

50

10

8

-40

-40

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138 j 58.9 '47-1

48

8.9

7-1

-42

-41. 1

-32.9

136 57.8 '46.2

46

7-8

6.2

-44

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-33-8

134: 56.7 145-3

44

6.7 5-3

-46

-43-3

-34-7

132 55-6 44-4

42

5-6 4-4

-48

-44.4

-35-6

130 54-4 [43-6

40

4-4 1 3-6

-50

-45-6

-36.4

128 1 53-3 |42.7

38

3-3 2.7

-52

-46.7

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126 | 52.2 I41.8

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2.2 j 1.8

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1.1 1 0.9

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-39-1

expanding and contracting, and a graduated scale
by means of which variations in the volume of the
substance can be determined. In the ordinary
thermometer the expansive substance is mercury

THERMOMETRIC

886

THIOACETALDEHYDE

{mercurial thermometer), expanding into a vacuous
capillary tube, the degree of heat being measured by
the length of the column of mercury, t., air, one
in which the expansive substance is air. t., alcohol,
one in which the expansive substance is alcohol,
t., Centigrade, t., Celsius, one in which the freezing-
point is at o° and the boiling-point at ioo°. t.,
clinical, a self-registering thermometer for ascertain-
ing the bodily temperature, t., differential, one for
determining slight variations of temperature, t.,
Fahrenheit, one in which the interval between the
freezing-point and the boiling-point is divided into
i So equal parts, each called a degree, the zero-point
being 32 ° or divisions below the freezing-point of
water, t., fever, a clinical thermometer, t., maxi-
mum, one which registers the maximum heat to which
it has been exposed, t., mercurial, one in which the
expansive substance is mercury, t., minimum, one
that registers the lowest temperature to which it has
been exposed, t., Reaumur, one in which the freez-
ing-point of water is o° and the boiling-point 8o°.
t., self-registering, one that by means of an index
shows the highest {maximum) or lowest {minimum)
temperature to which it has been exposed, t., spirit,
one in which alcohol or ether is used, t., surface-,
one for registering the surface-temperature of any
portion of the body.

thermometric {ther -mo-met' -rik) [thermometer]. Per-
taining to a thermometer or to thermometry.

thermometry {ther-mom'-et-re) [thermometer]. The
measuring of temperature by means of the ther-
mometer.

thermoneurosis {ther-mo-nu-ro'-sis) [thermo- ; neuro-
sis]. Pyrexia of vasomotor origin.

thermonosus {ther-mon-o'-sus) [thermo-; voaos, dis-
ease]. Disease caused by heat.

thermopalpation {ther-mo-pal-pa'-shun) [thermo- ;
palpation]. Palpation of the surface of the body
with a view to the determination of variations of
temperature.

thermophagy {ther-moff'-aj-e) [thermo-; <j>ayeiv, to
eat]. The habit of swallowing very hot food.

thermophile {ther'-mo-fil) [thermo-; <j>i\elv, to love].
1. A microorganism which develops best at relatively
high temperatures. 2. A thermoelectric battery.

thermophilic {ther-mo-fil' -ik) [thermo-; <pu\eiv, to
love]. Applied to microorganisms which develop
best at relatively high temperatures from 500 to 550 C.
or above.

thermophobia {ther-mo-fo'-be-ah) [thermo-; <f>6fios,
fear]. Morbid dread of heat.

thermophore {ther'-mo-for) [thermo-; <j>epelv, to
bear]. 1. Any appliance adapted to hold heat; as
used in local treatment, a receptacle for hot water, a
water-bag. 2. A receptacle containing chemicals
which absorb a large amount of heat in the process
of fusing and which give it off gradually as recrystal-
lization takes place. Used as hand or foot warmers
and in local treatment.

thermophylic {ther-mo-fil' -ik) [thermo-; 4>v\aaaeiv,
to guard]. Resistant to the effect of heat, said
of certain microorganisms.

thermopile {ther'-mo-pil) [thermo-; pile]. A con-
trivance consisting of a series of connected metallic
plates, in which, under the influence of heat, a current
of electricity is produced which acts upon a registering
index. By means of it very minute amounts of
heat can be measured.

thermoplegia {ther-mo-ple'-je-ah) [thermo-; irXij7i7,
a stroke]. Heat-stroke.

thermopolypnea {ther-mo-pol-ip-ne'-ah) [thermo-;
ttoXvs, many; irvelv, to breathe]. Rapid respiration
due to high temperature.

thermoregulator {ther-mo-reg' -u-la-tor) . See thermo-
stat.

thermoscope {ther'-mo-skop) [thermo-; aKowelv, to
view]. An instrument for measuring minute differ-
ences of temperature without registering the degree
or amount of heat.

thermostabile {ther-mo-sta'-bil) [thermo-; stabilis,
firm; steadfast]. Not destroyed or changed by heat.

thermostat {ther' -mo-stat) [thermo-; <tto.t6s, stand-
ing]. A device for automatically regulating and
maintaining a constant temperature. '

thermosteresis {ther -mo-ster-e' -sis) [thermo-; arepri-
<rts, deprivation]. Deprivation of heat.

thermosystaltic {ther-mo-sis-taV -tik) [thermo-; ow-
rkWtiv, to contract]. Contracting under the influ-
ence of heat; pertaining to muscular contraction due
to heat.

thermosystaltism {ther-mo-sis-taV -tizm) [thermo- ;
avarkWeiv, to contract]. Muscular, or other, con-
traction caused by heat.

thermotactic, thermotaxic {ther -mo-tak' -tik, ther-
mo-taks'-ik) [see thermotaxis]. Regulating the heat
of the body, as a thermotactic center.

thermotaxis {ther-mo-taks'-is) [thermo-; to£is, from
raaaeiv, to arrange]. 1. The regulation and correla-
tion of heat production and heat dissipation. 2. Ther-
motropism.

thermoterion {ther-mo-te'-re-on). An apparatus
for keeping food warm, consisting of a glass case
surrounded by a hot water chamber and an air space
to prevent the radiation of heat.

thermotherapy {ther-mo-ther'-ap-e) [thermo-; Oepa-
irda, cure]. Treatment of disease by heat.

thermotics {ther -mot' -iks) [thermo-]. The science
of heat; thermology.

thermotonometer {ther-mo-ton-om'-et-er) [thermo-;
tovos, a stretching; p.krpov, a measure]. An apparatus
for determining the amount of muscular contraction
induced by thermic stimuli.

thermotoxin {ther-mo-toks'-in) [thermo-; toxin].
A poison produced by heat in the body.

thermotracheotomy {ther-mo-tra-ke-ot'-o-me) .

Tracheotomy by means of the actual cautery.

thermotropism {ther-moV '-ro-pizm) [thermo-; rpowos,
a turn]. That property possessed by some cells and
organisms of bending towards or away from a source
of heat.

theroid {the'-roid) [6-fjp, a wild beast; eldos, re-
semblance]. Like a beast, bestial.

theromorph {ther'-o-morf) [drjp, a wild beast;
fj.op(j>ri, form]. A monstrosity resembling an animal.

theromorphism {ther-o-mor' -phizm) [6i)p, a wild
beast; nop<f>-h, form]. Apparent reversion, in a
human subject, to an animal form of lower type.

thesis {thq'-sis) [0«ns, a proposition]. A disserta-
tion. Usually, the essay presented by an under-
graduate at the time of his candidature for a degree.

thevetin {thev'-et-in) [Andre Thevet, a French
traveler]. A poisonous glucoside from certain species
of Thevetia.

thew {thu). A muscle, a sinew.

thial {thi'-al). Trade name of hexamethylenete-
tramineoxymethylsulphonate. It is used as a disin-
fectant, t. liquid, a 50 per cent, solution of thial.

thialdin {thi-al'-din), C6H13NS2, a crystalline sub-
stance obtained by the action of sulphureted hydro-
gen on aldehyde ammonium; it is used as a heart
stimulant.

thialion {thi-al1 -e-on) . A proprietary preparation
containing lithium; used in gouty conditions.

thick wind. A colloquial term for impaired respira-
tion in the horse, somewhat louder and less free than
normal breathing.

Thielmann's diarrhea mixture {tel'-man) [Karl
Heinrich Thielmann, German physician, 1802-1872].
Wine of opium 32, tincture of valerian 50, ether 16,
oil of peppermint 4, fluidextract of ipecac 1, and
alcohol enough to make 125. Dose 30 minims (2 Cc).

Thiersch's method of skin-grafting {tersh) [Karl
Thiersch, German surgeon, 1822-1895]. Long,
broad strips of skin are removed from the arm or
leg and placed on a wound previously deprived of its
granulations by means of a sharp curet. T.'s solu-
tion, a valuable antiseptic wash for the nose, throat,
or stomach, consisting of salicylic acid, 2 parts; boric
acid, 12 parts; water, 1000 parts.

thigenol {thi'-jen-ol). The sodium salt of the
sulphonic acid extracted from a synthetic sulphur oil.
It is used in the treatment of skin diseases in the
form of pomades containing 20 parts in 100.

thigh {thi). The part of the lower limb extending
from pelvis to knee, t.-bone, the femur, t.-friction,
a form of masturbation, t.-joint, the hip-joint.

thigmotaxis {thig-mo-taks'-is). See thigmotropism.

thigmotropism {thig-mof -ro-pizm) [dlyfia, touch;
rpoiros, a turn]. That property possessed by some
cells and organisms of being attracted by mechanical
stimuli.

thilanin {thi'-lan-in) [Beiov, sulphur; lanolin]. A
brownish-yellow substance derived from and re-
sembling lanolin. It contains 3 % of sulphur and is
used in the treatment of eczema and other diseases
of the skin.

thio- {thi-o-) [8elov, sulphur]. A prefix denoting
containing sulphur in the place of oxygen.

thioacetaldehyde {thi-o-as-et-al' -de-hid) . See sulph-
aldehyde.

THIOACID

887

THORACOCENTESIS

thioacid (thi-o-as'-id). One of a group of acids
produced by the substitution of sulphur for the
oxygen in an oxygen acid.

thioalcohol (thi-o-al'-ko-hol). See mercaptan.

thiocamph (thi'-o-kamf) [thio-; camphor]. A fluid
disinfectant, used for fumigation. It is formed by
the action of sulphur dioxide on camphor.

thiocarbarnide (thi-o-kar'-bam-id). See thiourea.

thiochromogen (thi-o-kro'-mo-jen) . See aureolin.

thiocol (thi' -o-kol) . See potassium-guaiacol sulpho-
nate.

tbiocyanate (thi-o-si'-an-at) [thio-; cyanate]. A
salt of thiocyanic acid.

thiocyanic acid (thi-o-si-an'-ik), CNHS. Sulpho-
cyanic acid, a monobasic acid forming the thiocya-
nates or sulphocyanates. Potassium thiocyanate,
CNKS, occurs in saliva.

tbiodinaphthyloxide (thi-o-di-naf-thil-oks'-ld) . An
orange-colored powder used in the treatment of skin
diseases.

tbioether (thi-o-e'-ther). An ether in which sulphur
replaces the oxygen; a sulphur ether.

thioform (thi' -o-form) . See bismuth dithiosalicylate.

thiogenic (thi-o-jen'-ik) [thio-; yewdv, to produce].
Applied to bacteria able to convert hydrogen sulphide
into higher sulphur compounds.

thiol (thi'-ol) [delov, sulphur]. A substance pre-
pared from gas-oil by heating with sulphur, and
occurring in a dry and a liquid form. It has been
used as an application to ulcers and in diseases of the
skin.

thiolin (thi'-ol-in). See acid, thiolinic.

thionic (thi-on'-ik) [delov, sulphur]. Pertaining to
sulphur, t. acid, thioacid.

thionin (thi'-o-nin) [delov, sulphur], C12H9N3S.
A sulphur compound of the aromatic group, used as
a stain in microscopy. Its solutions are of a dark-
blue color.

thiophene (thi'-o-fen) [thio-; phenol], C4H4S. A
hydrocarbon of the aromatic series; a colorless, oily
liquid, miscible with water. The iodide, C4H2I2S,
has been used as a substitute for iodoform, t.
sodium sulphonate, C4H3S . NaSCh, a white powder
used in prurigo.

thiophil (thi'-o-fil) [thio-; <j>i\elv, to love]. Loving
sulphur; applied to microorganisms.

thiopyrine (thi-o-pi'-rin). A derivative of anti-
pyrine, formed by the substitution of sulphur for
oxygen.

thioresorcinol (thi-o-rez-or'-sin-ol) [thio-; resor-
cinol], C6H4(SH)i. A compound of sulphur and
resorcinol used as a powder or ointment as a sub-
stitute for iodoform.

thiosapol (thi-o-sa'-pol). A sulphureted soda soap
containing 10 % of sulphur.

thiosavonals (thio-sav'-on-als). Potash sulphur
soaps that contain sulphur in a chemically combined
state.

thiosinamine (thi-o-sin'-am-en) [thio-; sinapfs,
mustard], C4H8N2S. A crystalline substance pre-
pared from mustard-oil and ammonia. It is used in
lupus, glandular enlargements, and night-sweats.

thiosulphate (thi-o-sul'-fat). A salt of thiosulphuric
acid.

thiosulphuric acid (thi-o-sul-fu'-rik) [thio-; sul-
phuric], H2S2O3. An acid derived from sulphuric
acid by the substitution of one atom of sulphur for
one of oxygen.

Thiothrix (thi'-o-thriks) [delov, sulphur; dpl£, hair].
A genus of the family Beggiatoacece ; filaments non-
motile; surrounded by a delicate sheath; sulphur
granules in cell contents; at ends of filaments rod-
shaped gonidia; filaments unequal in diameter.

thiourea (thi-o-u-re'-ah) [thio-; urea], CS(NH)2.
Sulphocarbamide; a derivative of urea in which
sulphur replaces the oxygen of the latter.

thiourethane (thi-o-u' -re-than) [thio-; ovpov, urine].
Anyone of the crystalline esters of sulphocarbamic
acid.

third corpuscle. Platelet, t. cranial nerve, the
oculomotor nerve; see motor oculi under nerve.
t. intention. See healing, t. tonsil. See Luschka's
tonsil, t. ventricle. See ventricle.

thirst (thurst) [AS., thurst]. A desire for drink.

thirst-cure. See Schroth's cure.

Thiry's fistula (te'-re) [Jean Hubert Thiry,
Belgian physician, 1817-1879]. A fistula for ob-
taining the intestinal juice. A piece of intestine
about four inches long is separated from the bowel
without dividing the mesentery and its blood-

vessels. One end of the tube is closed, and the other
is stitched to the abdominal wound. The two ends
of intestine from which the piece was cut out are then
united by sutures. From the excised piece a pure
intestinal juice is obtained.

Thiry-Vella fistula (te'-re-vel'-lah) [Jean Hubert
Thiry, Belgian physician, 1817-1879; Luigi Vella,
Italian physiologist, 1825-1886]. See Vella s fistula.

thiuret (thi'-u-ret) [delov, sulphur], C8H7N3S2.
A crystalline antiseptic which readily yields its
sulphur in a nascent condition. On this property
depends its antiseptic action.

thlipsencephalus (thlip-sen-sef'-al-us) [dXtyis, pres-
sure; eyKe<f>a\os, brain]. A monster in which there is
extensive exposure of the base of the brain from non-
development of the occipital bone and even of the
upper vertebrae.

thliptol (thlip'-tol). A proprietary antiseptic and
deodorant liquid, said to consist of benzoboric acid
combined with oil of eucalyptus* thyme, etc.

Thomas's splints (tom'-as) [Hugh Owen Thomas,
English surgeon, 1 834-1 891]. Rigid splints, made of
curved iron rods, adapted to the shape of the limb,
and kept in place by plaster of Paris bandages.
They are employed in hip-joint disease, and are
designed to secure rest, avoid friction and to allow,
the weight of the limb gradually to remedy the
deformity in place of more active extension.

Thompson's line. A red line along the border of
the gums, frequently seen in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Thompson's test [Sir Henry Thompson, English
surgeon, 1 820-1904]. The collection of the morning
urine in two glasses to determine whether a gonorrheal
process is localized in the anterior portion of the ure-
thra or whether it has extended into the posterior
portion.

Thomsen's disease [Asmus Julius Thomsen,
Danish physician, 1815- ]. Myotonia congenita,
a disease commonly congenital and occurring in
families, and characterized by tonic spasm or rigidity
of the muscles, coming on when they are first put in
actron after a period of rest. As the muscles are
used the stiffness gradually wears off.

Thorns onianism (tom-so'-ne-an-izm). A system
of medicine introduced by Samuel Thomson (1769-
1843), of Massachusetts. It insisted on the use of
vegetable remedies only.

thoracal (tho'-rak-al). Pertaining to the thorax or
chest.

thoracalgia (tho-rak-al'-je-ah) [thorax; aXyos, pain].
Pain in the thorax.

thoracaorta (tho-rak-a-or'-ta) [thorax; aorta]. The
thoracic aorta.

thoracectomy (tho-rak-sek'-to-me) [thorax; enrour/,
excision]. Thoracotomy with resection of a part of
one or more ribs.

thoracentesis (tho-ras-en-te'-sis) [thorax; Kevr-qais,
a piercing]. Puncture of the thorax for the removal
of fluid.

thoracic (tho-ras'-ik) [thorax]. Pertaining to or
situated in the chest or thorax, t. aorta. See
arteries, table of. t. axis, the acromio thoracic artery;
see arteries, table of. t. choke, in the horse, the
lodgment of a foreign body in the thoracic portion
of the esophagus, t. duct. See duct, thoracic, t.
index. See index, thoracic, t. nerve. See nerves,
table of.

thoracicoabdominal (tho-ras-ik-o-ab-dom' '-in-aV) .
Pertaining to the thorax and the abdomen.

thoracicoacromial (tho-ras-ik-o-ak-ro'-me-al) . Acro-
miothoracic, relating to the chest and the shoulder;
applied to a group of muscles.

thoracicoacromialis (iho-ras-ik-o-ak-ro-me-a'-lis) .
See artery, acromiothoracic.

thoracicohumeral (tho-ras-ik-o-hu'-mer-al). Re-
lating to the chest and upper arm.

thoracicolumbar (tho-ras-ik-o-lum'-bar). Pertain-
ing to the thoracic and lumbar regions.

thoracispinal (tho-ras-is-pi'-nal). Relating to the
thoracic portion of the spinal column.

thoraco- (lho-rak-o-) [du>pa%, thorax]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to the thorax.

thoracoacromial (tho-rak-o-ak-ro'-me-al) . Acromio-
thoracic, relating to the chest and the shoulder;
applied to a groupof muscles.

thoracoceloschisis (tho-rak-o-se-los'-kis-is) [thoraco- ;
KoiXia, belly; o-xl<ns, a cleaving]. Congenital fissure
of the chest and abdomen.

thoracocentesis (tho-rak-o-sen-le'-sis). See thora-
centesis.

THORACOCYLLOSIS

888

THROMBOGEN

thoracocyllosis {tho-rak-o-sil-o'-sis) [thoraco-; kv\-
Xoxm, curvation]. Deformity of the thorax.

thoracocyrtosis {thoTrak-o-sur-to'-sis) [thoraco-; Kvp-
ros, curved]. Excessive curvature of the thorax.

thoracodelphus (tho-rak-ad-el'-fus). See thoradel-
phus.

thoracodidymus {tho-rak-o-did'-im-us) [thoraco- ;
SLdvuos, double]. A double monster joined at the
-thorax.

thoracodynia {tho-rak-o-din'-e-ah) [thoraco-; 65i>vr),
pain]. Pain in the chest.

thoracogastrodidymus {tho-rak-o-gas-tro-did'-im-
us) [thoraco-; yacrrrip, belly; 5l5v/xos, double]. A twin
monstrosity united by the thorax and abdomen.

thoracogastroschisis (tho-rak-o-gas-tros'-kis-is) .

See thoracoceloschisis.

thoracograph (tho-rak'-o-graf) [thoraco-; ypafaiv,
to write]. An instrument for recording the move-
ments and the outline of the chest wall.

thoracometer (tho-rak-om'-et-er) [thoraco-; p.krpov,
a measure]. A stethometer.

thoracometry (tho-rak-om'-et-re) [see thoracometer].
Measurement of the movement of the walls of the
•chest.

thoracomyodynia (Jtho-rak-o-mi-o-din'-e-ah) [thor-
aco-; pvs, muscle; 68vvj], pain]. Pain in the muscles
of the chest.

thoracopagus {tho-rak-op'-ag-us) [thoraco-; irayos,
that which is firmly set]. A double monster with
portions of the thorax or abdomen coalescent. t.
tribrachius, with two of the upper limbs coalescent.
t. tripus, with two of the lower limbs coalescent.

thoracopathia {tho-rak-o-pa' -the-ah) [thoraco-; irados,
disease]. A disease of the thorax.

thoracoplasty {tho-rdk' -o-plas-te) [thoraco-; ■Khaaow,
to form]. Plastic operation upon the thorax.

thoracopneumoplasty {tho-rak-o-nu'-mo-plas-te)

[thoraco-; irvebpui*, lung; ifXturaeiv, to form]. Plastic
■operation upon the lung and chest.

thoracoschisis (tho-rak-os'-kis-is) [thoraco-; crxuris,
a cleaving]. Congenital fissure of the thorax.

thoracoscope {tho-rak' -o-skop) [thoraco-; anoirtiv,
to view]. A stethoscope.

thoracoscopy (tho-rak-os'-ko-pe) [see thoracoscope].
Examination of the chest, especially by the stetho-
scope.

thoracostenosis (tho-rak-o-sten-o'-sis) [thoraco- ;
stenosis]. Contraction or compression of the walls
of the chest.

thoracostomy {tho-rak-os' '-to-me) [thoraco-; a-rSfta,
mouth]. The operation of making an opening in the
thorax.

thoracotomy (tho-rak-ot'-o-me) [thoraco-; repveiv,
to cut]. Incision of the thorax or chest-wall.

thoradelphus (tho-r ad-el' -f us) [thorax; aSe\<f>6s,
brother]. A double monster united above the
umbilicus, with one head, four lower and two upper
extremities.

thorax (tho'-raks) [9o>pa£, a breastplate]. The
chest ; the framework of bones and soft tissues bound-
ed by the diaphragm below, the ribs and sternum in
front, the ribs and dorsal portion of the vertebral
column behind, and above by the structures in the
lower part of the neck, and containing the heart
inclosed in the pericardium, the lungs invested by
the pleura, and the mediastinal structures, t.,
region of. See region, thoracic.

Thorel's bundle (tor'-el) [ Thorel, German

physician]. A structure in the heart wall con-
necting the sinoauricular and auriculoventricular
nodes.

thorium {tho'-re-um) [Icel., Thorr]. A rare metal
related chemically to tin. Symbol Th; atomic
weight, 234.4. It is a radioactive substance and
gives off several emanations, indicated by various
letters such as A, B, X, etc. t. paste, a prepara-
tion made of thorium protoxide, lead sulphate,
sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. It is used
for the treatment of lupus, and epithelioma.

Thormaehlen's test for melanin in urine (tor'-ma-
len) [Johann Thormaehlen, German physician].
To the urine to be tested add sodium nitroprusside,
caustic potash, and acetic acid, and in the presence
of melanin a deep-blue coloration will be produced.

thorn-apple. See stramonium.

Thorn's maneuver {torn) [Wilhelm Thorn, German
obstetrician, 1859- ]. Changing of a face
presentation into a vertex presentation by combined
external and internal version.

Thornton's sign [J. Knowsley Thornton, English

physician, 1845- J. Violent pain in the flanks
in nephrolithiasis.

Thornwaldt's disease {torn' -volt). Nasolaryngeal
stenosis associated with the formation of a cyst-like
cavity in the midst of the racemose glands in the
pharyngeal mucosa, and containing pus or mucopus.

thoroughjoint. Diarthrosis, or arthrodia.

thoroughwort. See eupatorium.

thought-reading. See telepathy.

thought-transference. See telepathy.

thoxos {thok'-sos). Trade name for a preparation
containing lithium and strontium salicylate, colchi-
cum, ash-bark, etc.

thread. The spun and twisted fibers of cotton,
linen, or silk, t.s, mycelial, the hyphae of the my-
celium, t.s, nuclear, chromatin fibrils of the cell-
nucleus, t.s, Simonart's. See bands, amniotic.
t.-fungus, a general term for any kind of Trichophy-
ton, t.-granules. See mitochondria, t.-reaction.
See Pfaundler's reaction.

threadworm. See Oxyuris.

thready {thred'-e). Like a thread. See pulse.

three-cornered bone. The cuneiform bone of the
carpus.

three-day fever. Synonym of dengue:

thremmatology {threm-at-oV -o-je) [9pep.ua, a nurse-
ling; X670S, science]. Experimental or artificial
evolution. It includes the science of breeding, and.
the laws of heredity and variation.

threpsology {threp-sol'-o-je) » [0pei£«, nutrition;
X670S, treatise]. The science of nutrition.

threshold {thresh' -old). 1. The lower limit of
stimulus capable of producing an impression upon
consciousness. 2. The entrance of a canal, t.,
absolute, the lowest limit of perception of a sensation.
t., auditory, the minimum perceptible sound, t.,
differential, the lowest limit at which two stimuli
can be discriminated, t., double-point, the smallest
distance apart at which two pointscan be felt as one.
t., neuron. See neuron, t., relational, the ratio of
two stimuli when their difference is just perceptible,
t., stimulus. Same as t. absolute.

thridacium {thri-da' -se-um) [0pi'5a£, lettuce]. The
expressed and inspissated juice of the lettuce; a
variety of lactucarium.

thrill. A fine vibration felt by the hand. A thrill
may be felt on palpation over an aneurysm, over a
heart the seat of valvular disease, and over hydatid
cysts, t., presystolic, a thrill which can sometimes
be felt before the systole when the hand is placed
over the apex-beat, t., purring, a thrill resembling
that felt when the hand is placed on the back of a

throat {throt) [AS., throte, throat]. 1. The an-
terior part of the neck. 2. The pharynx and larynx;
the fauces, t.-cough, a cough due to irritation of
the pharynx apart from diseases of the respiratory
tract, as from an elongated uvula, t.-mirror. See
laryngeal mirror, t., sore, pharyngitis, t., sore,
clergyman's, laryngitis caused by overuse through
public speaking.

throb. A pulsation or beating.

throbbing {throb' -ing). A rhythmic beating, t.
aorta, exaggerated pulsation of the abdominal
aorta perceptible to the patient.

throe {thro). A violent pang, or pain, as in parturi-
tion.

thromballosis {throm-bal-o'-sis) [thrombus; AXXoiw-
o-is, a change]. The changed condition caused by
coagulation of the venous blood.

thrombase {throm' -bas). Same as thrombin.

thrombectomy {throm-bek' -to-me) [thrombus; iKroprj,
excision]. Excision of a thrombus.

thrombin {throm'-bin) [thrombus]. The fibrin-
ferment, the enzyme that causes coagulation of shed
blood.

thrombo- {throm-bo-) [6p6p0os, a thrombus]. A
prefix denoting pertaining to a thrombus.

thromboangiitis {throm-bo-an-je-i'-tis) [thrombo- ;
ayyeiov, a vessel; ins, inflammation]. Thrombosis
with inflammation of the intima of a vessel.

thromboarteritis {throm-bo-ar-ter-i'-tis) [thrombo- ;
arteritis]. Inflammation of an artery associated with
thrombosis.

thrombocystis {throm-bo-sis'-tis) [thrombo-; kvo-tls,
a bladder]. The sac sometimes enveloping a throm-
bus.

thrombocyte {throm' -bo-sit) [thrombo-; kvtos, a
cell]. Same as blood-platelet.

thrombogen {throm' -bo-j en) [thrombo-; yewav.

THROMBOGENIC

889

THYMINOL

to produce]. The substance which, when activated
by thrombokinase, becomes the fibrin-ferment,
thrombin.

thrombogenic (throm-bo-jen'-ik) [thrombo-; yewav,
to produce]. I. Producing thrombi. 2. Relating
to thrombogen.

thromboid (throm'-boid) [thrombo-; eZ5oy, like].
Resembling or having the nature of a thrombus.

thrombokinase (ihrom-bo-kin'-dse). An activating
substance capable of transforming thrombogen into
thrombin.

thrombolymphangitis (throm-bo-lim-fan-ji'-tis)

[thrombo- ; lymphangitis]. Lymphangitis, with throm-
bosis.

thrombopenia (throm-bo-pe'-ne-ah) [thrombo-; irevia,
poverty]. Same as purpura hemorrhagica, q. v.

thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fteb-i1 -tis) [thrombo- ;
phlebitis]. Inflammation of a vein associated with
thrombosis.

thrombosed (throm'-bozd). i. Affected with
thrombosis. 2. Clotted.

thrombosin (throm' -bo-sin). One of the products
of the cleavage of fibrinogen by acetic acid; it is a
proteid body which passes into fibrin in the presence
of soluble calcium salts.

thrombosis (throm-bo'-sis) [thrombus]. The forma-
tion of a thrombus, t., atrophic, that due to general
malnutrition, t., cardiac, thrombosis of the heart.
t., coagulation, that caused by fibrin coagulation,
t., compression, that due to compression of a vessel,
as by a tumor, t., dilatation, that which results
from the slowing of the blood current next to the
vessel-walls as the result of dilatation of a vessel
(as in aneurysms, varices) or of the heart, t.,
Lancereaux's law of, marantic thromboses always
occur at the points where there is the greatest
tendency to stasis; that is where the influence of the
cardiac propulsion and of thoracic aspiration is least.
t., marantic. Same as t., atrophic, t., marasmic.
Same as t., atrophic, t. placental, that of the uterine
veins of the site of the placenta, t., plate. See
thrombus, autochthonous, t., puerperal venous, pu-
erperal thrombosis of the uterine veins.

thrombostasis (throm-bo-sta'-sis) [thrombo-; stasis].
Stasis of blood leading to formation of a thrombus.

thrombotic (throm-bot'-ik) [thrombosis]. Pertaining
to or produced by thrombosis.

thrombus (throm' -bus) [dponflos, a clot: pi., thrombi].
A clot of blood formed within the heart or blood-
vessels due usually to a slowing of the circulation
or to alteration of the blood or vessel- walls, t.,
annular, one that involves the whole circumference
of the vessel but does not entirely occlude it. t.,
antemortem, the white thrombi in the heart and
large vessels formed before death, t,, autochthonous.
Same as t. blood-plate, t., ball, a small or large,
rounded, antemortem clot found in the heart, espe-
cially in the auricles, t., blood-plate, that ascribed
by Eberth to agglutination of blood-plates, t.,
currant-jelly, a soft, reddish, postmortem clot, t.,
Laennec's, a globular thrombus formed in the heart,
especially in cases where the latter is the seat of fatty
degeneration, t., lateral, a clot attached to the vessel-
wall, and not obstructing the lumen completely.
t. neonatorum. Same as cephalhematoma, t., ob-
structing, one completely obstructing the lumen of
the vessel, t., parietal, or valvular, one adherent
to the wall of a vessel or the heart and not entirely
occluding the vessel, t., progressive, one that grows
into the lumen of the vessel, t., stratified, one in
which there are successive layers of fibrinous deposit
and of varying color, t. vulvae, t. vaginas, hematoma
of the labium pudendi majus. t. white. See t.,
antemortem.

throttle (throt'-l). 1. The throat. 2. To choke;
to suffocate.

through-drainage. A method of drainage in which
a perforated tube is carried through the cavity to
be drained, so that the latter can be flushed through
and through by the injection of fluid into one end of
the tube.

through-illumination. Transillumination.

throwback (thro'-bak). 1. To show reversion in
characters to those of the offspring of a previous sire
or to those of the first sire. See infection (2), telegony,
reversion. 2. To reduce in class or rank.

thrush. A form of stomatitis due to a specific
fungus, Oidium albicans or Saccharomyces albicans,
and characterized by the presence of diffuse white
patches. It occurs especially in weakly children,

but may affect adults depressed by wasting diseases.
2. A diseased condition of the frog of the horse's
foot, with a foul-smelling discharge.

thrypsis (thrip'-sis) [dpinpis, a crushing]. A com-
minuted fracture.

Thudichum's test (too'-de-koom) [Johann Ludwig
Wilhelm Thudichum, German physician, 1820-1901].
For creatinine: a dilute solution of ferric chloride
is added to the suspected fluid; the presence of
creatinine is shown by a dark red color which is
increased by warming.

Thuja (thu'-jah). A genus of trees of the order
Coniferoe. T. occidentalis or arbor vitas has been
used in intermittent fever, rheumatism, scurvy, and
as an emmenagogue. t., oleum, a volatile oil of
camphoraceous odor, composed of thujol and terpene.
Dose, ttjj j-v.

thujetin (thu' -jet-in). A dissociation: product of
thujin by prolonged heating with sulphuric acid.
A yellow crystalline powder similar to quercitrin,
soluble in alcohol and ether.

thujin (thii'-jin). A glucoside similar to quercitrin
found in Thuja occidentalis.

thujol (thu'-jol). An oily liquid, the chief consti-
tuent of Thuja occidentalis. It increases the blood-
pressure and has antipyretic properties.

thujone (thu' -j on). A colorless oily ketone, which
causes the symptoms found in absinthism.

thulium (thu'-le-um) [Thule, northland]. An ele-
ment occurring in some rare metals; symbol Tm;
atomic weight, 168.5. See elements, table of.

thumb (thum). The digit on the extreme radial
side of the hand, differing from the other digits in
having but two phalanges, and in that its metacarpal
bone is separately movable, t.-exercise. See under
exercise, t.-lancet, a lancet with a broad pointed
extremity and a double cutting edge, t.-marks,
an impression made by the thumb, t., stub-. See
stub-thumb.

thumps. An affection in the horse, identical with
hiccough in man, due to spasmodic action of the
diaphragm.

thunder-struck disease. Synonym of apoplexy.

thus [L., gen., thuris, "incense"]. 1. True
frankincense or olibanum. 2. Turpentine of pinetrees.

thuya (thu' -yah). See thuja.

thylacitis (thi-las-i'-tis) [dvKcuaov, a little bag].
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands. Acne rosacea.

thyma (thi'-mah). A corruption of ecthyma and
also of thymion.

thymacetin (thi-mas'-et-in) [thyme; acetum, vine-
gar], C6H2(CH3)(C8H-)(OC2H5)NH(CiHsO). A de-
rivative of thymol used as an antineuralgic. Dose
3-15 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.).

thymasthma (thi-maz'-mah). See thymic asthma.

thyme (tlm) [dviiov, thyme]. The genus Thymus,
of the order Labiates. Thymus vulgaris yields a
volatile oil in which are found cymene, thymene, and
thymol, t., oil of (oleum thymi, U. S. P.), a volatile
oil distilled from the leaves and tops of Thymus
vulgaris; often misnamed oil of origanum. Dose
3 min. (0.2 Cc).

thymectomize (thi-mek' -to-miz) [thymectomy]. To
excise the thymus gland.

thymectomy (thi-mek' -to-me) [thymus; enroM, ex-
cision]. Excision of the thymus.

thymegol (thi-me'-gol). An antiseptic and emetic
forming a red-brown powder; said to be a parasul-
phonic derivative of potassium, thymol, and mercury.

thymelcosis (thi-mel-ko'-sis) [thymus; IXwoffis,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the thymus gland.

thymene (ti'-men or thi'-men) [thyme]. A hydro-
carbon existing in oil of thyme.

thymhydroquinone (thim-hi-dro-kwin'-on). A re-
duction product of thymoquinone.

thymic (thi'-mik, also for first definition, ti'-mik)
[thyme; thymus]. 1. Pertaining to or contained in
thyme. 2. Pertaining to the thymus gland, t. acid,
thymol, t. asthma, a form of laryngismus stridulus
consisting in a temporary suspension of respiration,
attributed to enlargement of the thymus, t. death,
sudden death, occurring in status lymphaticus.

thymicolymphatic (thi-mik-o-lim-fat'-ik). Pertain-
ing to the status lymphaticus.

thymin (thi'-min), C5H6N2O2. A crystalline body
obtained by boiling nucleic acid from the thymus
gland of the calf with dilute sulphuric acid.

thyminol (ti'-min-ol). An antiseptic liquid said
to be a solution of thymol, eucalyptol, menthol,
Baptisia, benzoic, boric, and salicylic acids.

THYMIODIDE

890

THYROID

thymiodide (thi-mi'-o-dtd). Thymol iodide.

thymi oleum. The volatile oil of garden thyme;
it is important as a source of thymol. It has the
general properties of the terpenes and mints; it is
often sold as oil of marjoram, which it resembles.

thymion (thi'-me-on) [dvfuov]. A wart; a condyloma.

thymiosis (thi-me'-o-sis) [thymion]. i. Yaws.
2. A condition associated with the formation of
warty growths.

thymitis {thi-mi'-tis) [thymus; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the thymus gland.

thymoform {thi' -mo-form) . A reaction-product of
thymol and formaldehyde; used as are iodoform and
dermatol.

thymohydroquinone (thi-mo-hi-dro-kwin'-on). A
substance occurring in the urine after the ingestion
of thymol.

thymokesis (thi-mo-ke'-sis). Persistence or en-
largement of the thymus gland in an adult.

thymol (ti'-mol or thi'-mol) [thyme; oleum, oil],
C10H13 . HO. A phenol derived from the volatile
oils of Thymus vulgaris, Monarda punctata, and
Carum ajowan. It is a crystalline solid, melting at
44° C, very slightly soluble in water, and is used as
a local antiseptic and deodorant in ulcers, leukorrhea,
and stomatitis, as an intestinal antiseptic, and as
an anthelmintic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.).
t. camphor. See camphor, t. carbonate, recom-
mended as preferable to thymol in uncinariasis.
Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.). Syn., thymotol. t. chlormethyl-
salicylate, a condensation product of thymol and
chlormethyl salicylic acid. Antiseptic, t. gauze,
contains 1 per cent of thymol, t. inhalation, thymol
gr. xx, alcohol 5 iij, magnesium carbonate gr. x,
water ad 3 iij ; add a teaspoonful to a pint of water.
t. iodide. Same as arislol. t. salicylate, C10H13O . -
C7H5O3, an intestinal antiseptic, t. solution, for
spraying, 1 : 1000. thymol solution (Volkmann's),
thymol 1, alcohol 20, glycerin 20; dissolve and add
to water 1000. It is used as a spray and antiseptic
lotion; it does not produce eczema, as carbolic lotions
do. t. urethane, a compound of thymol and thymol
carbonic ester forming colorless crystals insoluble
in water; used as an anthelmintic.

thymolize (thi'-mol-iz). To treat with thymol.

thymoloform (thi-moV '-o-form) . Thymoform.

thymolol (thi'-mol-ol). Thymol iodide; aristol.

thymopathy (thi-mop'-ath-e) 1. [thymus; iraOos,
suffering]. Any disease of the thymus gland. 2. Al-
so [Ovpos, the mind; irados, suffering]. Mental dis-
order.

thymoprivous* (thi-mop'-riv-us) [thymus; privus,
bereft of]. Pertaining to or caused by removal or
premature atrophy of the thymus.

thymotol (thi'-mo-tol). See thymol carbonate.

thymoxalme (thi-moks-al'-me) [thyme; 6£vs, sharp:
&Xs, salt]. A mixture of thyme, vinegar, and salt.

thymozone (thi'-mo-zon). A combination of
Eucalyptus globulus. Thymus vulgaris, and Pinus
sylvestris, with benzoic, boric, and salicylic acids.
A nonirritating compound used as an internal anti-
septic and externally as is phenol.

thymuin (thi'-mu-in). A trade name of a prepara-
tion containing thymus adrenals, steapsin, sodium
cacodylate, and nascent ferrous carbonate.

thymus (thi'-mus) [06M°s, the thymus|. 1. An
organ situated in the anterior superior mediastinum.
It continues to develop until the second year of life,
afterward remains stationary until about the four-
teenth, and then undergoes fatty metamorphosis
and atrophy. The thymus consists of lobules largely
composed of lymphadenoid tissue in which minute
concentric bodies, the corpuscles of Hassal, are found.
The latter are remnants of epithelial structures.
2. A genus of labiate plants. See thyme, t. death,
sudden death assumed to be due to enlargement of the
thymus gland, t. gland. Same as thymus (1).

thyraden (thi'-ra-den). See thyroidin.

thyrein (thi'-re-in). See iodothyrin.

thyremphraxis (thi-rem-fraks'-is) [thyroid; l/i<£pa£is,
stoppage]. Lessened or abolished function of the
thyroid gland.

thyreo- (thi-re-o-). See thyro-.

thyreoadenitis. See thyroadenitis.

thyreoantitoxin. See thyroantitoxin.

thyreocele. See thyrocele.

thyreochondrotomy. See thyrochondrotomy.

thyreocricotomy. See thyrocricotomy.

thyreoepiglottideus. Thyroepiglottideus muscle.
See under muscles.

thyreohyoideus. See thyrohyoid.

thyreoid (thi'-re-oid). See thyroid.

thyreoidectomy. See thyroidectomy.

thyreoidin. See thyroidin.

thyreoiditis. See thyroiditis.

thyreoidotomy. See thyroidotomy.

thyreoitis. See thyroiditis.

thyreoncus. Same as thyrocele.

thyreophyma. See thyrophyma.

thyreoprivus. See thyroprivus.

thyreoprotein. See thyroprotein, and thyroanti-
toxin.

thyreotomy. See thyrotomy.

thyreotoxic See thyrotoxin.

thyrine (thi' '-r en). Proposed name for the active
principle of the thyroid gland.

thyro- (thi-ro-) [dvpeos, a shield, and hence, from
similarity of shape and function, the thyroid gland
or cartilage]. A prefix signifying relationship to the
thyroid gland.

thyroadenitis (thi-ro-ad-en-i'-tis) [thyroid; ab-qv,
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
thyroid gland.

thyroantitoxin (thi-ro-an-le-toks'-in) [thyro-; anti-
toxin]. 1. C6H11N3O.5. A proteid constituent of the
thyroid gland. 2. A preparation of the thyroid
gland used in exophthalmic goiter, bronchocele, etc.
Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) daily.

thyroarytenoid (thi-ro-ar-it'-en-oid) [thyro-; aryte-
noid]. Pertaining to the thyroid and arytenoid
cartilages, as the thyroarytenoid ligaments, thyro-
arytenoid muscle (thyroarytenoideus) .

thyrocele (thi'-ro-sel) [thyro-; /07XJ7, a tumor].
A tumor affecting the thyroid gland; goiter.

thyrochondrotomy (thi-ro-kon-drot'-o-me) [thyro- ;
xovdpos, cartilage; Tkuveiv, to cut]. Incision of the
thyroid cartilage.

thyrochrom (thi'-ro-krom). An alcoholic extract
of the thyroid gland of the calf.

thyrocolloid (thi-ro-kol'-oid). A proprietary prep-
aration of the thyroid glands of sheep.

thyrocricotomy (thi-ro-kri-kot' -o-me) [thyroid; cri-
cotomy]. Tracheotomy performed through the crico-
thyroid membrane.

thyrodyl (thi'-ro-dil). Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal
glands.

thyroepiglottic (thi-ro-ep-e-glot'-ik) [thyro-; epi-
glottis]. Pertaining to the thyroid cartilage and the
epiglottis, as the thyroepiglottic muscle (thyroepi-
glottideus).

thyrogenous (thi-roj'-en-us) [thyro-; ytwav, to
produce]. Originating in the thyroid gland.

thyroglandin (thi-ro- gland' -in). A compound of
iodoglobulin and, thyroidin, in the form and pro-
portion in which they exist in the thyroid gland.
Dose 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.32 Gm.) for myxedema and
obesity.

thyroglobulin (thi-ro-glob'-u-lin). The iodine-
proteid of the thyroid secreted by it and lodged in
the collofd substance.

thyroglossal (thi-ro-glos'-al) [thyro-; y\€i<nya,
tongue]. Pertaining to the thyroid and the tongue,
t.- duct, a fetal passage between the thyroid gland
and the tongue.

thyrohyal (thi-ro-hi'-al). See thyrohyoid.

thyrohyoid (thi-ro-hi'-oid) [thyro-; hyoid]. Per-
taining to the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, as
the thyrohyoid membrane. See under muscles.

thyroid (thi'-roid) [dvpeos, shield; elSos, like]. 1.
Shield-shaped. 2. Pertaining to the thyroid gland.
3. Pertaining to the thyroid cartilage. 4. Per-
taining to the thyroid foramen. 5. The thyroid
gland, t. accessory, an outlying portion of thyroid,
t. axis. See arteries, table of. t. body. See t. gland.
t. cartilage, the largest of the laryngeal cartilages,
united at an angle in front called the pomum adami.
t. extract. See under t. gland, t. foramen. See
foramen, thyroid, t. gland, one of the so-called duct-
less glands, lying in front of the trachea, and con-
sisting of two lateral lobes, connected centrally by
an isthmus. The organ is composed of follicles lined
by epithelium, producing a peculiar colloid material.
The function of the organ is not definitely known,
but it is supposed to be the production of some
substance necessary to the body — an internal secre-
tion that may counteract poisons produced in the
system. Hypertrophy of the gland (goiter) is some-
times associated with a peculiar disease known as
exophthalmic goiter; absence of the gland leads to

THYROIDECTIX

891

TIMBRE

cretinism or myxedema. An extract prepared from
the thyroid gland of animals (thyroid extract) and
other preparations of the gland are used medicinally.
See organotherapy, t. therapy, the treatment of
disease by the administration of thyroid-extract.

thyroidectin (thi-roi-dek'-tin). Trade name of a
substance prepared from the blood of thyroidecto-
mized animals; it has been used in exophthalmic
goiter in 5 grain doses.

thyroidectomized (thi-roid' ' -ek-tom-izd) . See thyro-
prival.

thyroidectomy (thi-roi-dek'-lo-me) [thyroid; eKrofirj,
■excision]. Excision of the thyroid gland.

thyroidin (thi-roi' -din) [thyroid; e'iSos, like]. A
proprietary lactose trituration of dried extract of
thyroid gland ; one part represents two parts of fresh
gland. It is an alterative used in myxedema, struma,
and psoriasis. Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.) daily.

thyroidism (thi'-roid-izm). 1. Disturbances pro-
duced by hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. 2. A
series of phenomena due to continued use of thyroid
preparations. 3. Disturbances due to removal of
the thyroid.

thyroiditis (thi-roi-di'-tis) [thyroid; ltls, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the thyroid gland.

thyroidization (thi-roid-i-za'-shun). Treatment
with thyroid gland preparations.

thyroidotomy (thi-roi-dof -o-me) [thyroid; tom, a
cutting]. Incision of the thyroid gland.

thyroidotoxin {thi-roid-o-toks' -in) . A substance
specifically toxic for the cells of the thyroid gland.

thyroigenous (thi-roi' -jen-us). Originating in
disturbances of the thyroid gland.

thyroiodine (thi-ro-i'-od-in). A substance found
principally combined with a proteid, but also free
in the thyroid gland. Syn., iodothyrin.

thyrolaryngeal (thi-ro-lar-in'-je-al). Relating to
the larynx and the thyroid body.

thyrolingual (thi-ro-ling'-gwal). Relating to the
thyroid and the tongue: thyroglossal.

thyrolytic (thi-ro-lit'-ik) [thyroid; Xixris, dissolution].
Destruction of thyroid tissue.

thyron (thi'-ron). Trade name of a substance
prepared from pigs' thyroids.

thyroncus (thi-ronk'-us) [thyroid; oyKos, tumor].
Same as thyrocele.

thyrophyma (thi-ro-fi'-mah) [thyro-; <pvfxa, a tumor].
Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

thyroprival (thi-ro-pri'-val) [thyro-; privare, to
deprive]. Due to loss of function or removal of the
thyroid gland.

thyroprivus (thi-ro-pri'-vus) [thyroprival]. 1. De-
prived of the thyroid gland. 2. A morbid condition
due to loss of the thyroid gland.

thyroprotein (thi-ro-pro'-te-in). . 1. An albumin
from the thyroid gland. 2. A toxic protein from
the thyroid gland.

thyroptosis (thi-rop-to'-sis) [thyro-; 7rrai<ris, a falling].
Displacement of a goitrous thyroid so as to be con-
cealed in the thorax.

thyrotherapy (thi-ro-ther'-ap-e) [thyroid; therapy].
Treatment of disease by thyroid gland preparations.

thyrotomy (thi-rof -o-me) [thyro-; roufi, a cutting].
Incision or splitting of the thyroid cartilage.

thyrotoxicosis (thi-ro-toks-ik-o'-sis) [thyroid; to^lkov,
a poison]. 1. Poisoning by thyroid secretion.
2. Exophthalmic goiter.

thyrotoxin (thi-ro-toks' -in) . A cytotoxin obtained
by injections of emulsion of thyroid glands.

thyrsus (thur'-sus) [dvpaos, a stalk]. The penis.

Ti. Chemical symbol of titanium.

tibia (tib'-e-ah) [L., "shin"]. The larger of the
two bones of the leg, commonly called the shin-
bone, articulating with the femur, fibula, and astraga-
lus.

tibiad (lib'-e-ad) [tibia; ad, to]. Toward the
tibial aspect.

tibial (tib'-e-al) [tibia]. 1. Pertaining to or in relation
with the tibia, as the tibial muscle (tibialis), tibial
artery, tibial nerve. 2. Referring to the inner or
medial border of the leg.

tibialis (tib-e-a'-lis). 1. Tibial: pertaining to the
tibia. 2. A muscle connected with the tibia. See
muscles, table of.

tibien (tib'-e-en) [tibia]. Belonging to the tibia
in itself.

tibio- (tib-e-o-) [tibia]. A prefix meaning pertaining
to the tibia.

tibiocalcanean (tib-e-o-kal-ka'-ne-an) [tibio-; cal-
caneus]. Pertaining to the tibia and the calcaneus.

tibiofemoral (tib-e-o-fetn'-or-al) [tibio-; femur].
Pertaining to the tibia and the femur.

tibiofibular (tib-e-o-fib'-u-lar) [tibio-; fibula]. Per-
taining to the tibia and the fibula.

tibionavicular (tib-e-o-nav-ik' -u-lar) [tibio-; navicula,
a boat]. Relating to the tibia and the navicular or
scaphoid bone of the tarsus.

tibioperoneal (tib-e-o-per-o-yie'-al) [tibio-; peroneus].
Same as tibiofibular.

tibioscaphoid (tib-e-o-skaf'-oid). Same as tibio-
navicular.

tibiotarsal (iib-e-o-tar'-sal) [tibio-; tarsus]. Per-
taining to the tibia and the tarsus.

tic (tik) [Fr.]. A twitching, especially of the facial
muscles: t. convulsif, t., convulsive, spasm of the
facial muscles, t. douloureux, neuralgia of the
trifacial nerve, t. impulsive. Same as Gilles de la
Tourette's disease, t., painless, the occurrence, at
intervals, of sudden rapid involuntary contraction
in a muscle or group of muscles, t. rotatoire, or
t. giratoire, spasmodic torticollis, spinal accessory
spasm: a spasm of certain muscles by which the
head and neck are forcibly rotated to one side or
from one side to the other.

tick (tik). A name applied to several species of
A car us. t. fever. 1. Texas fever. 2. Rocky Moun-
tain spotted fever. 3. African relapsing fever.

tickle (tik' -I). To touch so as to cause a peculiar
sensation (tickling or titillation) , usually associated
with laughing and reflex muscular movements.

Ticorea (ti-ko'-re-ah). A genus of rutaceous plants
of S. America. The bark of T. febrifuga is used in
fevers; other species also are medicinal.

ticpolonga (tik-po-long'-gah). The cobra manil;
a venomous serpent of Ceylon.

ticuna (ti-ku' -nah) . A powerfully convulsant arrow
poison of S. American origin and of unknown deriva-
tion.

t. i. d. An abbreviation for the Latin ter in die,
three times a day.

tidal air. See under respiration, t. breathing,
Cheyne-Stokes respiration. t. wave. See wave,
tidal.

tide (tid). A definite period of time, t., acid, a
transient condition of increased acidity of the urine,
sometimes seen after fasting, t., alkaline, the tran-
sient condition of alkalinity of the urine, occurring
during digestion, when by reason of the determination
of acid to the stomach there is a diminution of the
acid salts secreted by the kidney.

Tidy's test for albumin in the urine (ti'-de) [Charles
Meymott Tidy, English physician, 1 843-1 892].
Phenol and acetic acid, or phenol and alcohol will
cause a white precipitate if albumin is present.

Tiedemann's glands (te'-de-man) [Friedrich Tiede-
mann, German anatomist, 1781-1861]. See Bartho-
lin, glands of. T.'s nerve, a plexus of delicate nerve-
fibers derived from the ciliary nerves, and surrounding
the central artery of the retina.

tiglic aldehyde (tig'-lik aV '-de-hid). See croton
aldehyde.

tiglium (tig'-le-um). A plant, Croton tiglium, of
thet- order Euphorbiacea. It contains a fixed oil.
tiglii, oleum (U. S. P.), croton oil (oleum crotonis,
B. P.); a powerful local irritant, and used, locally,
as a counterirritant in gout, rheumatism, neuralgia,
glandular swellings, etc. It is an active purgative,
especially useful when a prompt effect is desired,
as in mania, coma, etc. Dose 1 or 2 drops (0.065-
0.13 Cc).

tigretier (te-gra-te-a') [Fr.]. A form of tarentism
due to the bite of a poisonous spider.

tigroid (ti-groid') [TiypoeiS-ns, spotted]. A term
applied to chromophil corpuscles, t. bodies, t.
masses. See Nissl's bodies.

tigrolysis (ti-grol'-is-is). Disintegration of the
tigroid masses in a cell.

Tilia (til'-e-ah) [L.]. A genus of exogenous trees —
the linden or basswood.

tiliacin (til-i'-as-in). A glucoside found in the
leaves of the linden tree (tilia).

Tillaux-Phocas' disease (le-lo') [Paul Jules Tillaux,
French surgeon, 1834- ]. See Phocas' disease.

tilletia (til-e-she'-ah) [L.]. A genus of ustilagineous
fungi.

tilmus (til'-mus) [tiX/ioi, a pulling]. Carphology.

timbre (tam'-br) [Fr.]. The peculiar quality of a
tone, other than pitch and intensity, that makes it
distinctive. It depends upon the overtones of the
vibrating body.

TIME

892

tissue:

time. The duration of an event or phenomenon.
t., inertia, in the stimulation of a muscle or sense-
organ the latent time required to overcome the inertia
of the muscle or organ after the reception of the
stimulus through the nerve, t., persistence. See
under persistence, t., reaction, that required for
the conduction of a sensory impulse of the center,
combined with that of the duration of the perception,
of the direction of attention (apperception), of the
voluntary impulse, and of the return of a motor
impulse to the muscles, with their consequent
activity, t., recognition, the time required for the
recognition of the kind of stimulus after its appli-
cation, t.-sense, the perception of the lapse of time.

tin. A silvery- white, metallic, malleable element,
having a specific gravity of 7.25, an atomic weight
of 119, an atomicity of two or four. Symbol Sn,
from the Latin stannum. t. chloride, stannous
chloride, SnCl2+2H20, is used as a reagent, t.,
precipitated (galvanically), recommended as a vermi-
fuge against tape-worm. Dose 9 gr. (0.5 Gm.)
every fifteen minutes until five or six doses have
been taken.

tincae, os (ting'-ke) [L. "the tench's mouth"]. An
old name for the os uteri.

tincal (ting'-kal). Crude or native borax.

tinct. An abbreviation of tinctura, tincture.

tinctable (tink'-tab-l). Tingible; stainable.

tinction (ting' -shun) [tingere, to dye]. A staining
material. A tint. The process of staining.

tinctorial (ting-to' -re-al) [tingere, to dye]. Per-
taining to staining or dyeing.

tinctura (ting-til' -rah) [L.; gen. and pi. tinctures].
Tincture.

tincturation (ting-tu-ra' -shun) [tinctura, tincture].
The preparation of a tincture; the treatment of a
substance in such a way as to make a tincture from
it.

tincture (tingk'-tiir) [tinctura, from tingere, to
tinge]. 1. A solution of the medicinal principles of a
substance in a fluid other than water or glycerol.
2. Specifically, an alcoholic solution of a medicinal
substance, t., ammoniated, one made with am-
moniated alcohol, t., ethereal, one made with ether.
t.s of fresh herbs (tinctura herbarum recentium,
U. S. P.), prepared by macerating fresh herbs with
alcohol.

tinea (iin'-e-ah) [L., "a moth; a worm"]. Ring-
worm ; a generic term applied to a class of skin diseases
caused by parasitic fungi, formerly applied to many
spreading cutaneous diseases. t. amiantacea, t.
asbestina, seborrhea of the scalp in which the crusts
resemble asbestos, t. axillaris, ringworm of the
axilla, t. barbae. Same as t. sycosis, t. capitis,
ringworm of the scalp, t. circinata. See under /.
trichophytina. t. corporis. Same as t. trichophytina.
t. cruris. See under t. trichophytina. t. decalvans,
alopecia areata, t. favosa, favus. t. furfuracea,
seborrhcea sicca, t. imbricata, a disease occurring
in the East Indies, and characterized by the forma-
tion of concentric scaly patches and intense itching.
Syn., Bowditch Island ringworm; Tokelau ringworm.
t. kerion, a markedly inflammatory form of ring-
worm of the scalp (tinea tonsurans) , giving rise to the
formation of an edematous, boggy swelling dis-
charging a mucoid secretion, t. lupinosa. Same as
t. favosa, t. nodosa, a nodose condition of the hair
of the mustache, accompanied by thickening, rough-
ness, and fragility, t. sycosis. See under t. tricho-
phytina. t. tarsi, blepharitis ulcerosa, t. tonsurans.
See under t. trichophytina. t. trichophytina, ring-
worm, a spreading, contagious disease of the skin
due to a vegetable fungus, the Trichophyton. On the
non-hairy parts of the body (tinea trichophytina
corporis, tinea circinata) it presents itself by spreading,
scaly patches, tending to clear in the center. On
the thighs and scrotum (tinea trichophytina cruris)
it is apt to assume the appearance of eczema, hence
it is also called eczema marginatum. The nails may
be affected (tinea trichophytina unguium), becoming
grayish, opaque, and brittle. On the scalp (tinea
trichophytina capitis, tinea tonsurans) it forms round-
ed, grayish, slightly elevated, scaly patches, with
brittleness and loss of the hair. Ringworm of
the bearded region (tinea trichophytina barbae, tinea
sycosis, parasitic sycosis, barber's itch) forms at first
rounded, scaly patches, which soon become nodular
and lumpy and tend to break down. t. vera. Syno-
nym of favus. t. versicolor, a disease of the skin
due to a vegetable parasite, Microsporon furfur. It

is characterized by brownish-yellow macules that
coalesce to form extensive areas of eruption. There
is usually slight itching. C. W. Allen's iodine test
is of value for the recognition of suspected areas;
it consists in the application of iodine solution,
preferably Lugol's (iodine, 5; potassium iodide, 10;
water, 100). The diseased portion will stain deep-
brown or mahogany color, in contrast to the light-
yellow coloration of healthy tissue.

tingible (tinj'-ib-l) [tingere, to tinge]. Capable
of being stained ; stainable.

tingle (ting'-gl). A pricking or stinging sensation;
the feeling of a slight, sharp, and sudden thrill, as
of pain.

tinkling (tink'-Ung). A chinking sound, heard over
a pneumothorax or a large pulmonary cavity. Syn.,
metallic tinkling.

tinnitus (tin-i'-tus or tin'-it-us) [tinnire, to tinkle].
A subjective ringing, roaring, or hissing sound heard
in the ears. Syn., tinnitus aurium. t., telephone,,
a professional neurosis or abnormal nervous condition
of the auditory apparatus, believed to be caused by
the continual use of the telephone.

tintometer (tint-om' -et-ur) [tint; fikrpov, measure].
An instrument to measure the amount of coloring-
matter in a liquid.

tip. The point or summit of anything, t.-foot,.
talipes equinus; a variety of club-foot, t., Woolner's*
the apex of the helix of the ear. ,

tiqueur (te-ker') [Fr.]. One exhibiting the clonic
or tonic movements designated as tics.

tire (tlr). 1. A sense of weariness and exhaustion;,
fag. 2. To pass a wire (as a tire around a wheel)
around a fractured patella.

tireballe (ter-baV) [Fr. tirer, to draw; balle, ball].
An instrument for extracting bullets from a part.
It resembles a corkscrew.

tirefond (ter-fon(g)') [Fr. tirer, to draw; fond,
bottom]. An instrument for penetrating a cavity
or tissue, transfixing and withdrawing foreign,
bodies, and usually made in the form of a gimlet.

tisane (te-zan'). Any decoction or beverage having
slight curative or restorative qualities. See ptisan.

tissue (tish'-oo) [Fr., tissu.from L., texere, to weave].
An aggregation of similar cells and fibers, forming a
distinct structure, and entering as such into the
formation of an organ or organism, t., adenoid.
See t., lymphadenoid. t., adipose, fatty tissue, a
form of connective tissue consisting of fat:cells
lodged in the meshes of areolar tissue, t., animal*
a general name for any of the textures which form the
elementary structures of the body, and of which
there are four classes: epithelial, connective, muscular
and nervous, t., areolar, a form of connective tissue
consisting of cells and delicate, elastic fibers inter-
lacing in every direction, t., basement, the tissue
of the basement membrane, t., cancellous, the
spongy tissue of bones, t., cartilaginous. See
cartilage, t., connective, a general term for all
those tissues of the body that support the essential
elements or parenchyma. The most important
varieties are adipose tissue, areolar tissue, osseous
tissue, cartilaginous tissue, elastic tissue, fibrous
tissue, lymphoid tissue, t., corneous, tissue found
in the nails, hair, epidermis, etc. t., dental. See
dentine, t., elastic, connective tissue composed of
yellow elastic fibers, t., embryonal connective.
See t., mucoid, t., epithelial. See epithelium.
t., erectile, a spongy tissue that becomes expanded
and hard when filled with blood, t., fibrous connec-
tive, there are three varieties; white fibrous, yellow
elastic, and areolar, the variety depending upon
the character of the fibers. The fibers are imbedded
in a matrix or a soft, homogeneous material that
contains mucin, t. gelatinous, mucous tissue.
t. glandular, a form of epithelial tissue, t., granu-
lation. See granulation tissue. t., inflammatory*
tissue formed during inflammation, t., interstitial
connective. See t., areolar, t., intertubular, the
dense tissue of dentine, t., lepidic. See lepidic.
t., lymphadenoid, t., lymphoid, a form of connective
tissue in which reticular meshes contain lymphoid
cells; it composes the greater part of the lymphatic
glands and is found in the spleen, tonsils, and the
alimentary mucosa, t., mesenchymal, the embry-
onic tissue from which the connective tissues are
derived, t., mucoid, mucous, or gelatinous, connec-
tive tissue such as is present in the umbilical cord of
the fetus, t., mucous, a connective tissue such as is
present in the umbilical cord of the fetus, t., muscu-

TIT

893

TOLUIDINE

lar. See muscular tissue, t., nervous, the intrinsic
substance of a nerve or nerve-fiber, t., osseous.
See bone, t., parenchymal, the areolar tissues that
accompany vessels and nerves into the interior of
organs and glands, giving them protection, t. reti-
form, adenoid tissue, t., simple, that having but
one or two structural elements, e. g. blood, lymph,
epithelium, connective tissue of cartilage and bone,
and nervous and muscular tissues, t., white fibrous,
a form of connective tissue consisting of exceedingly
fine, inelastic, transparent filaments. This tissue
forms the greater part of ligaments, tendons, fascia,
sheaths of muscles, periosteum, etc. t., yellow elastic,
a very elastic yellowish tissue predominating in the
subfiavous ligament, vocal bands, inner coats of
blood-vessels, and the longitudinal coats of the
trachea and bronchi.

tit. The nipple. See teat.

titanium (tit-a'-ne-um) [Tltcw, Titan]. A metal
having a certain relationship to iron, chromium, and
tin. It is extremely infusible and will scratch glass.
Its medicinal properties are little understood. See
elements, table of chemical.

titer, titre (te'-ter) [Ft.]. A standard of fineness or
strength.

titillation (tit-il-a'-shun) [titillare, to tickle]. The
act of tickling; the sensation produced by tickling.

titration (tit-ra'-shun) [Fr., titre, standard of fine-
ness]. Volumetric analysis by the aid of standard
solutions.

titubation (tii-u-ba'-shun) [titubare, to stagger].
A staggering gait seen especially in diseases of the
cerebellum, t., lingual, stammering, stuttering.

tixol (tiks'-ol). A preparation of arsenic into
which animals are dipped, to exterminate ticks.

Tizzoni's test (tid-zo'-ne) [Guido Tizzoni, Italian
physician, 1853- ]. For iron in the tissues: A
section of the tissue is treated with a 2 per cent,
solution of potassium ferrocyanide and a one-half
per cent, solution of hydrochloric acid. A blue
color indicates the presence of iron.

Tl. Chemical symbol of thallium.

Tm. Chemical symbol of thulium.

Tn. Abbreviation of normal intraocular tension.

TO. Abbreviation for original or old tuberculin.
See tuberculin.

toadhead (tod-hed). A kind of head sometimes
found in certain so-called acephalous monsters.

toast (tost). Bread browned by the fire, t.-
water, water in which toasted bread has been steeped;
it is used as a beverage by invalids.

tobacco (to-bak'-o) [Sp., tabaco, tobacco]. A plant,
Nicotiana tabacum, of the order Solanaceoe, the dried
leaves of which (tabaci folia, B. P.) contain a liquid
alkaloid, nicotine, C10H14N2, which is also present in
the seeds and root. Nicotine is one of the most
active poisons known. Tobacco-smoke contains a
series of bases, among which are pyridin, picolin,
lutidin, parvolin, and others. Tobacco is used as a
sedative in nearly all parts of the world, being
smoked, chewed, or used as snuff. Its physiological
action is that of a nauseant, antispasmodic, and
depressant; it is also a local irritant. In medicine
it has been employed as a relaxant in intestinal
obstruction, being given in the form of an enema,
but it is now rarely used except in asthma and
locally in hemorrhoids, t.-ambryopia, amblyopia pro-
duced by the prolonged and excessive use of tobacco.
t.-heart, an irritable state of the heart, characterized
by irregular action and palpitation, produced by ex-
cessive indulgence in tobacco, t., Indian. See lobelia.

tobaccoism ito-bak' -o-izm) . A morbid condition
due to the use of tobacco.

Tobin's tubes. A method of ventilation of rooms
by the introduction of air through tubes placed in
the wall.

Tobold's apparatus (to'-bolt) [Adelbert August
Oskar Tobold, German laryngologist, 1827- ].
An illuminating apparatus with a movable reflector
for use with the laryngoscope.

tocanalgine (tok-an-al'-jen) [tokos, birth; hv, priv. ;
0X705, pain]. A morphine derivative used for pro-
ducing analgesia in childbirth.

tocodynamometer. See tokodynamometer.

tocograph. See tokograph.

tocology. See tokology.

tocomania. See tokomania.

tocometer (tok-om'-et-er). See tokodynamometer.

tocus. See tokus.

Todd's ascending process [Robert Bentley Todd,

English physician, 1809-1860]. See Scarpa's fascia.
T.'s cirrhosis, hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver.

toddalia (tod-a'-le-ah). A genus of rutaceous
plants, t. aculeata, of S. Asia, is a useful aromatic
stimulant and tonic.

toddy (tod'-e) [Hindu, tadi, a palm tree]. 1. The
fermented juice of the cocoa-nut palm, obtained by
incision of the palm, and collected in pots hung to
the trees under the cuts. It is then fermented and
distilled. 2. A drink composed of sweetened spirits
and water.

toe [AS., td]. A digit of the foot, t.-brace, an
appliance for correction of flat-foot and deformed
toes, t.-clonus, contraction of the great toe on
sudden extension of the first phalanx, t.-drop,
inability to raise or extend the toes owing to paralysis
of the muscles which dorsally flex the foot, t.,
flexed, t., hammer-, a claw-like permanent distortion
of a toe in which it is abnormally flexed at the last
joint, allowing the tip to rest on the ground while
the first joint is raised above the proper level, t.,
Morton's. See Morton's foot. t. reflex. See reflex,
toe.

Toepfer's test for free HC1 in gastric contents
(tep'-fer) [Alfred Eduard Franz Toepfer, German
physician, 1858- ]. A few drops of a 0.5 alco-
holic solution of dimethylamidoazobenzol gives a
cherry red color to a fluid containing free hydro-
chloric acid.

toilet (toi'-let) [OF., toilette, a cloth]. In surgery,
the cleansing, washing, and dressing of an operative
wound. Also the cleansing of the parts after par-
turition.

Toison's solution (twah-zorn') [J. Toison, French
histologist, 1858- ]. A solution containing
methyl violet 0.025, sodium sulphate 8, sodium
chloride 1, glycerine 30, water to 200. It is used as
a diluting fluid and stain for white corpuscles.

Tokelau ringworm. See tinea imbricata.

tokodynamometer (tok-o-di-nam-om'-et-er) [tokos,
birth; dynamometer]. An instrument for measuring
the force of the expulsive efforts of the uterus in
childbirth.

tokograph (tok'-o-graf) [tokos, birth; ypcupeiv, to
record]. A recording tokodynamometer.

tokology (tok-ol'-o-je) [tokos, birth; Xoyos, science].
The science of obstetrics.

tokomania (tok-o-ma'-ne-ah) [tokos, birth; navla,
madness]. Puerperal insanity.

tokus (to'-kus) [tokos, birth]. Childbirth.

tolerance, toleration (tol'-er-ans, tol-er-a'-shun)
[tolerare, to bear]. The ability of enduring the in-
fluence of a drug or poison, particularly when ac-
quired by a continued use of the substance.

tolerant (tol'-er-ant) [tolerare, to bear]. With-
standing the action of a medicine without injury.

Tollen's reagent for glucose. An ammoniacal
silver solution obtained by precipitating silver ni-
trate solution with caustic potash and adding just
enough ammonia to dissolve the precipitate yielded.
This solution is reduced by glucose.

tolokno (to-lok'-no). A food prepared chiefly
from oats. Used in Russia for superalimentation in
tuberculosis.

tolphite (tol'-fit). A dusting-powder containing
talcum.

tolu (to-loo') [Santiago de Tolu, in the United
States of Colombia, where it was first obtained].
Short for balsam of tolu. t., balsam of (balsamum
tolutanum, U. S. P., B. P.), a balsam obtained from
Toluifera balsamum, an evergreen tree of the order
Leguminosce. It is used as a stimulant expectorant.
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). t., syrup of (syrupus
tolutanus, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc).
t., tincture of (tinctura tolutana, U. S. P., B. P.).
Dose 30 min. (2 Cc).

toluene (tol'-u-en) [tolu], C7H8. Methylbenzene;
a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar and also pro-
duced in the dry distillation of tolu balsam and
many resins.

toluidine (tol-u' -id-en) [tolu], C7H7 . NH2. A
homologue of aniline, prepared from toluene, t. blue,
CisHieNsSClZnCl, the double salt of zinc chloride
and dimethyltoluthionin. It occurs as a black pow-
der dissolving in water and alcohol with a fine blue
coloration. It acts upon lower organisms as a
powerful poison and may be employed as is methyl-
ene-blue in infectious conjunctivitis, and also as a
substitute for fluorescein in fixing the limits of corneal
lesion.

TOLUOL

894

TONSILLITIS

toluol (tol'-u-ol). Same as toluene.

tolylacetamide (lol-il-as-et-am'-id), CcHUCCHsNH) .-
(C2H3O). A derivative of coal-tar; used as an anti-
septic. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.32^0.65 Gm.).

tolylantipyrine. See tolypyrine.

tolypyrine (tol-e-pi'-ren), C12H14N2O. Colorless
crystals of an intensely bitter taste, soluble in water
and alcohol; used as is antipyrine. t. salicylate,
C12H14N2O . C7H6O3. Dose, in rheumatism, etc.,
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).

tolysal (tol'-is-al). Tolypyrine salicylate.

Tomaselli's disease (to-mah-sel'-le). Quinine fever,
produced by large doses of quinine; it is attended
with hematuria, dysuria, dyspnea, threatened col-
lapse.

tomato (to-ma'-to). The ripe fruit of the common
tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum. It is said to be
useful in canker of the mouth, sore mouth, etc.

tomentum (to-men' -turn) [L.]. A lock of wool.
t. cerebri, the network of small blood-vessels of the
pia penetrating the cortex of the brain.

Tomes' fibers (tomz) [Sir John Tomes, English
dentist, 1836-1895]. Elongated, branched processes
of the odontoblasts of the plup filling the dentinal
tubules of teeth.

tomomania (tom-o-ma' -ne-ah) [tout), a cutting;
fiavia, madness]. 1. An excessive desire to perform
operations. 2. An excessive desire to submit to
surgical operations.

tomotokia (tom-o-to'-ke-ah) [7-0/117, a cutting; tokos,
birth]. Cesarean section.

tone (ton) [tovos, from reiveiv, to stretch]. 1. A
distinct sound. 2. The normal state of tension of a
part or of the body, t.-deafness, sensory amusia.

tonga (tong'-gah). A mixture of various barks,
probably of Premna taitensis and Raphidophora
vitiensis, brought from the Fiji islands, and used in
neuralgia. Dose of a fluidextract \ dr. (2 Cc).

tongaline (long' -gal- en). A proprietary preparation
said to contain tonga (bark of Premna taitensis),
extract of Cimicifuga racemosa, sodium salicylate,
pilocarpine salicylate, and colchicine salicylate. It is
recommended in gouty diathesis.

tongine (ton'-jin). An alkaloid obtained from
tonga.

tongue (tung). The movable muscular organ at-
tached to the floor of the mouth, and concerned in
tasting, masticating, swallowing, and speaking. It
consists of a number of muscles, and is covered by
mucous membrane from which project numerous
papillae, and in which are placed the terminal organs
of taste, t., bifid, a tongue the anterior portion of
which is cleft in the median line, t., black, a condi-
tion in which the dorsal surface of the tongue is
covered with a black coating, t.-bone. See hyoid.
t.-depressor, a spatula for pushing down the tongue
during the examination of the mouth and throat.
t., fern-leaf pattern, a name given to a tongue pre-
senting a well-marked central furrow (mid-rib)
with lateral branches, t., filmy, one with whitish,
symmetrical patches on both sides, t., furred, a
coated tongue the papillae of which are prominent,
giving the mucous membrane the appearance of a
whitish fur. t., geographical, one with localized
thickening of the epithelium, giving to the surface
the appearance of a geographical chart, t., hairy,
one with a hyperplasia of the papillae, giving rise to
hair-like projections, t., parrot, a shrivelled dry
tongue that cannot be protruded, found in typhus
fever, t., stamp-licker's, an infectious process in
those employed in industries where small packets
are labeled. It gives rise to ulcers of the tongue and
mouth, t., strawberry, a hyperemic tongue, the
fungiform papillae of which are very prominent;
it is seen especially in scarlatina, t.-swallowing, a
condition in which there is an abnormal mobility of
the organ, so that it falls_ backward, giving rise to
danger of suffocation, t.-tie, a congenital shortening
of the frenum of the tongue, interfering with its
mobility. Syn., ankyloglossia. t., wooden, one
the seat of actinomycosis.

tonic (ton'-ik) [tone]. 1. Pertaining to tone; pro-
ducing normal tone or tension. 2. Characterized
by continuous tension or contraction, as a tonic
spasm, tonic convulsion. 3. An agent or drug pro-
ducing normal tone of an organ or part, t., cardiac,
strengthening the heart-muscle, t., intestinal, one
strengthening the tone of the intestine, t., nervine,
one increasing the tone of the nervous system,
t. spasm, the continued, rigid, contraction of a muscle

or muscles, t., stomachic, one increasing the tone
of the stomach, t. treatment. 1. Treatment of
disease by tonics. 2. The continuous treatment of
syphilis by the use of the protiodide of mercury for
two or three years, t., vascular, one increasing the
tone or tension of the blood-vessels.

tonicity (ton-is' -it-e) [tone]. The condition of
normal tone or tension of organs; a state of tone.

tonicize (ton'-is-iz) [tone]. To give tone or tension
to anything.

toninervin (ton-e-ner'-vin). A water-soluble salt
of quinine said to contain 4.5 % of iron. Dose as
antipyretic 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) every three hours;
as tonic f gr. (0.05 Gm.) twice daily.

tonitruphobia (ton-it-roo-fo'-be-ah) [tonitrus, thunder;
06/Sos, fear]. Morbid dread of thunder.

tonka-bean (tong'-kah-ben). The seed of Dipteryx
odorata, a tree of South America; it contains coumarin,
and is used as a flavoring agent.

tonogram (ton'-o-gram) [tovos, tone; ypa<pei.v, to
write]. A record made by a tonograph.

tonograph (ton'-o-graf) [tovos, tension; ypcupeiv, to
write]. A device for recording the tension of the
arterial blood-current.

tonol (to'-nol). Trade name for a preparation of
glycerophosphates.

tonometer (ton-om'-et-er) [tovos, tone, tension;
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument to measure
tension, as that of the eyeball, t., Gaertner's, one
for estimating blood-pressure, t., Musken's, one
for measuring the tonicity of the Achilles tendon.

tonometry (ton-om'-et-re). The measurement of
tonicity.

tonophant (ton' -of -ant) [tovos, tone; <f>ai,veiv, to make
apparent]. An apparatus to render visible the
vibrations of sound.

tonoplasts (ton'-o-plasts) [tows, tension; -KKao-fia,
a thing molded]. Small intracellular bodies which
build up strongly osmotic substances within them-
selves and in this way swell to small vacuoles.

tonoscope (ton' -o-skop) [tovos, tone; o-KotreZv, to
view]. An instrument for examination of the interior
of the cranium by means of sound.

tonquinol (ton' -kwin-ol) . Trinitroisobutyltoluol.
A substitute for musk.

tonsil (ton'-sil) [tonsilla]. 1. A small, almond-
shaped body, situated on each side of the fauces,
between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft
palate. It consists of an aggregation of from 10
to 18 lymph-follicles, and is covered by mucous
membrane, which dips into certain depressions called
crypts. 2. A small lobe of the cerebellar hemisphere,
situated on the inferior mesial aspect, t., cerebellar.
See tonsilla and amygdala, t., epipharyngeal. See
t., pharyngeal, t., faucial. See tonsil (1). t.,
Gerlach's tubal, a mass of adenoid tissue in the
lower part of the Eustachian tube, particularly along
its median wall and about the pharyngeal orifice.
t.-guillotine. See guillotine, t., lingual, an accumu-
lation of lymphadenoid tissue at the base of the
tongue, t., Luschka's. See Luschka. t., palatine.
See tonsil, t., pharyngeal, a mass of lymphadenoid
tissue in the pharynx, between the Eustachian* tubes;
Luschka's tonsil, t., third. See t., pharyngeal.

tonsilla (ton-sil'-lah) [L.]. 1. Tonsil. 2. One of
the five lobes of the hemisphere of the cerebellum,
situated in the mesal side of the hemisphere, by
the vallecula, t. cerebelli, tonsil of the cerebellum.
See tonsil (2), and tonsilla (2). t. intestinalis,
Peyer's patches, t. lingualis, lingual tonsil, t.
palatina, palatine tonsil, t. pharyngea, pharyngeal
tonsil.

tonsillar (ton'-sil-ar) [tonsil]. 1. Pertaining to the
tonsil, as the tonsillar artery. 2. Affecting the tonsil,
as tonsillar abscess.

tonsillectomy (ton-sil-ek'-to-me) [tonsilla, tonsil;
iKTOfir), excision]. Removal of the tonsil.

tonsillith. See tonsillolith.

tonsillitis (ton-sil-i'-tis) [tonsil; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the tonsil, t., follicular, a form in
which the follicles are especially involved and pro-
ject as whitish points from the surface of the tonsil.
t., herpetic, a form characterized by an eruption of
herpetic vesicles, which soon rupture, leaving smalls
circular ulcers that coalesce and become covered
with a fibrinous exudation. The disease has an acute
onset, a continuous fever, and a critical decline,
affects those subject to herpes elsewhere, and tends
to recur, t., lacunar. Same as t., follicular. t.y
mycotic, tonsillitis due to fungi, t., phlegmonous-

TONSILLITIC

895

TORRICELLIAN VACUUM

Same as I., suppurative, t., pustular, a form charac-
terized by the formation of pustules, as in smallpox.
t., suppurative. Synonym of quinsy.

tonsillitic (ton-sil-it'-ik) [tonsilla, tonsil; ins, in-
flammation]. Pertaining to or affected with ton-
sillitis.

tonsillolith (tonsil' -o-lith) [tonsil; Xi0os, a stone].
A concretion within the tonsil.

tonsillotome (ton' -sil-o-tom) [tonsil; tout], a cutting].
An instrument for removing or cutting off the
tonsil.

tonsillotomy (ton-sil-ot'-o-me) [see tonsillotome].
The operation of cutting away the whole or a part
of the tonsil, t. rash. See rash, amygdalotomy.

tonsils ector (ton-sil-sek'-tor). A tonsillotome
consisting of a pair of circular scissor-blades moving
inside a circular guarding ring.

tonsure (ton'-shur) [tondere, to clip]. The shaving
or removal of the hair from any part.

tontine (ton-ten') [Lorenzo Tonti, Italian banker,
17th century]. A species of life insurance in which
the policy holders receive no dividend or return
premiums, till the end of a fixed period, when the
profits are divided .among the survivors who have
kept their policies in force.

tonus (to'-nus). See tone, t., chemical, the con-
dition of the muscles when at rest and undergoing no
mechanical exertion.

tooth (tooth) [AS., toth; plural, teeth, q. v.]. One
of the small, bone-like organs occupying the alveolar
processes of the upper and lower jaws, and serving
for tearing and comminuting the food. The teeth
begin to appear in the human being about the sev-
enth month; by the end of the third year, the eruption
of the so-called temporary, deciduous, or milk-teeth,
numbering 20, is completed. The permanent teeth
begin to replace the deciduous teeth about the
seventh year. In the adult, the permanent teeth
number 32, or 16 in each jaw, and are divided as
follows: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 bicuspids, and 3 molars
in each lateral half of the jaw. Each tooth is com-
posed of a crown, the exposed part, a constricted part,
called the neck, and a part within the alveolus, called
the fang or root. In structure a tooth consists of an
outer hard substance, the enamel, incasing the
crown; the dentine, within the enamel; and the pulp,
a soft, vascular tissue filling the pulp-cavity. The
dentine of the root is surrounded by the cement or
crusta petrosa. t.-ache, any pain in or about the
teeth; see odontalgia, t.-ache tree. See prickly ash
and Xanthoxylum fraxineum. t.-cough, reflex cough
due to dental irritation, t., eye-, the upper canine
tooth, t.-key, an instrument formerly used for the
extraction of teeth, t.-paste. See dentrifrice. t.-
plugger, a dental instrument for filling teeth, t.-
pulp. See pulp, t.-rash, a skin eruption sometimes
occurring during dentition; strophulus, t.-sac, in
the fetus the connective tissue surrounding the germ
of a tooth, t., stomach-, the lower canine tooth.
t., wisdom-, the third molar tooth.

Tooth's type of progressive muscular atrophy
[Howard Henry Tooth, English physician]. See
Char cot-Marie's type.

toothed (tootht). Provided with teeth or indenta-
tions; dentate, t. vertebra, the axis.

topalgia (lop-al'-je-ah) [tokos, place; &X70S, pain].
Pain in a circumscribed area not referable to the
distribution of any nerve.

topasol (to'-pas-ol). See anticornutin, anticoroin,
antimucorin, antiperonosporin.

topesthesia, topaesthesia (top-es-the'-ze-ah) [toitos,
place; aladrjo-Ls, sensation]. Local tactile sensibility.

tophaceous (to-fa'-shus) [tophus]. Of the nature of
tophi; sandy, or gritty.

tophi (to'-fi). Plural of tophus.

tophus (lo'-fus) [t64>os, stone]. 1. The hard, stone-
like deposits occurring in gout, especially about the
knuckles and the cartilages of the ear, and consisting
of sodium urate. 2. The tartar of the teeth. 3. A
syphilitic node.

topic, topical (top'-ik, top'-ik-al) [toitos, place].
Local.

topica (top'-ik-a). See topicum.

topicum (top-ik'-um) [toitos, place: pi., topica].
Any remedy for local and external application.

Topinard's angle (top-en-ar') [Paul Topinard,
French anthropologist, 1830-1012]. In craniometry,
that included between two lines from the nasal spine
to the ophryon and auricular point; also called
ophryospinal-facial angle. T.'s profile line, a line

joining the intersuperciliary point and the most
prominent point of the chin.

topo- (top-o-) [toitos, place]. A prefix meaning
relating to a locality; localized.

topoalgia (top-o-al'-je-ah) [topo-; aXyos, pain].
Localized pain, common in neurasthenia, and often
appearing suddenly after emotional disturbances.

topognosis (top-og-no'-sis) [topo-; yvuo-is, know-
ledge]. Same as topesthesia.

topographical (top-o-graf -ik-al) [see topography].
Pertaining to a locality, t. anatomy, the study of the
regions occupied by a part, or in which anything
occurs.

topography (top-og'-ra-fe) [topo-; ypafaiv, to write].
A study of the regions of the body or its parts, as
cerebral topography.

topology (top-ol'-o-je) [topo-; Xoyos, science].
1. Topographical anatomy. 2. The relation of the
presenting part of the fetus to the pelvic canal.

toponarcosis (top-o-nar-ko'-sis) [topo-; vapuwo-is,
a benumbing]. Local insensibility or anesthesia.

toponeurosis (top-o-nu-ro'-sis) [topo-; neurosis],
A local neurosis.

toponomy (top-on' -o-me). See toponymy.

toponym (top'-on-im) [toitos, place; ovopa, a name].
A term relating to position and direction.

toponymy (top-on' -im-e) [tottos, place; ovofia,
name]. Topical terminology; the system of anatomi-
cal terms indicating the direction and position of parts.
It is either intrinsic, having reference only to the
organism; or extrinsic, based upon the relation of the
organism toward the earth's surface.

topophone (top'-o-fon) [toitos, place; <pu>vij, voice].
An instrument to determine the direction of a source
of sound.

topophobia (top-o-fo'-be-ah) [topo-; <f>6(3os, fear].
Morbid dread of certain places.

topothermesthesiometer (top-o-ther-mez-the-ze-om' -
et-er) [topo-; dkpp.7], heat'; olaBrjcris, sensation; y.k.Tpov,
measure]. An instrument for estimating local
sensitiveness to impressions ofheat.

torcular Herophili (tor'-ku-lar her-of'-il-i) [L.,
"the wine-press of Herophilus"]. The expanded
extremity of the superior longitudinal sinus, placed
in a depression on the inner surface of the occipital
bone. It receives the blood from the occipital sinus,
and from it is derived the straight sinus and the lat-
eral sinus of the side to which it is deflected.

tori (to'-ri). Genitive and plural of torus.

toric (to'-rik) [torus]. Having the properties of a
torus, t. lens. See lens.

toril (tor'-il). An extract of meat containing its
albuminoids prepared with the addition of savory
herbs.

tormen (tor' -men). See tormina.

tormentu, tormentilla (tor' -men-til, tor-men-til' -ah) .
The root of Potentilla tormentilla, a mild tonic and
astringent.

tormentum (tor -men' -turn) [L., a "rack"]. An old
name for various obstructive disorders of the intes-
tine, t. intestinorum. Synonym of dysentery.

tormina (tor'-min-ah) [plural of tormen, a racking
pain]. Griping pains in the bowel, t. alvi, colic,
t. Celsi, dysentery, t. intestinorum, dysentery.
t., post-partum, the after pains of parturition, t.
ventriculi nervosa. See hyperperistalsis.

tormina!, torminous (tor'-min-al, tor' -min-us) .
Affected with tormina.

Tornwaldt's disease. See Thornwaldt' s disease.

torosity (to-ros'-it-e) [torosus, brawny; muscular].
Muscular strength.

torpent (tor' -pent) [torpor]. 1. Incapable of the
active performance of a function. 2. A medicine
or agent that reduces or subdues irritative action.

torpescence (tor-pes'-ens) [torpor]. Numbness;
torpidity.

torpid (tor'-pid) [torpor]. Affected with torpor.

torpidity (tor-pid'-it-e). See torpor.

torpify (tor'-pe-fi). To make numb or torpid; to
stupefy.

torpitude (tor'-pe-tud). Torpidity; numbness.

torpor (tor'-por) [L.]. Sluggishness; inactivity.
t. intestinorum, constipation, t. retinae, dulled
perceptive power of the retina.

torref action, torrefication (tor-e-fak'-shun, tor-e-
. fik-a'-shun) [torref acere, to dry by heat]. Roasting;
drying by means of high heat.

torrefy (tor'-e-fi) [torrefacere, to dry by heat].
To parch, to dry by heat.

Torricellian vacuum (to-re-tsheV -e-an) [Evangelista

TORSIOMETER

896

TOXICHEMITOSIS

Torricelli, Italian physicist, 1608-1647]. The vacu-
um above the mercury-column of a barometer.

torsiometer (tor-se-om'-et-er) [torsion; ukrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring ocular
torsion.

torsion {tor' -shun) [torquere, to twist]. 1. A
twisting; also, the rotation of the eye about the visual
axis. 2. The tilting of the vertical meridian of the
eye. t. of an artery, twisting of the free end of an
artery to check hemorrhage, t.-balance, an instru-
ment for measuring horizontal forces, t. of teeth,
the forcible turning of teeth in their cavities for the
purpose of correcting irregularity in position, t. of
file umbilical cord, the spontaneous twisting of the
umbilical cord. From eight to ten twists are normal;
great torsion usually occurs after the death of the
fetus.

torsoclusion (tor-sok-lu'-zjun) [torsion; occlusion].
A form of acupressure in which the point of the
pin is pushed through a portion of the tissue parallel
with the course of the vessel to be secured, then car-
ried over its anterior surface, and at the same time
swept around until brought to a right angle with
the artery, when the point is thrust into the soft parts
beyond.

torso-occlusion (tor-so-6k-lu'-zjun) [torsion; occlu-
sion]. Said of a tooth turned on its axis.

tort [torquere, to turn]. To tilt the vertical
meridian of the eye. Extort, to tilt the vertical
meridian outward. Intort, to tilt the vertical
meridian inward. Intorter, the muscle tilting the
vertical meridian of the eye inward.

torticollar (tor-tik-ol'-ar) [torticollis]. Affected with
wry-neck, or torticollis.

torticollis (tor-te-kol'-is) [tort; collum, neck]. Wry-
neck, a contraction of one or more of the cervical
muscles, usually of one side, resulting in an abnormal
position of the head, t., intermittent. See /.,
spasmodic, t., rheumatic, stiff-neck, 3 form due to
rheumatism of the sternomastoid or other muscle of
the neck, t., spasmodic, t. spastica, spasmodic
contraction of the muscles of the neck of one side,
especially the sternomastoid, causing a drawing of
the head toward the opposite side.

tortuous (tor'-til-us) [tortus, twisted]. Twisted,
sinuous.

Torula (tor'-oo-lah) [torulus, a small tuft]. 1. ^A
genus of fungi reproducing by budding, many
species of which are alcoholic ferments. 2. A chain
of spherical bacteria. T. cerevisiae. See Saccharo-
myces cerevisice.

toruliform (tor-oo'-li-form) [torula; forma, form].
Resembling an organism of the genus Torula.

toruli tactiles (tor'-oo-li tak'-ti-lez) [torulus]. Tac-
tile elevations.

toruloid (tor'-oo-loid). Toruliform.

torulose (tor'-oo-los) [torula]. Knobbed.

torulus (tor'-oo-lus) [torus, a swelling, protuberance:
pi., toruli]. An elevation.

torus {tor' -us) [L.]. 1. A surface having a regular
curvature, with two principal meridians of dissimilar
curvature at right angles to each other. 2. An
elevation or prominence. 3. The tuber cinereum
of the brain, t. frontalis, a protuberance in the
region of the frontal sinuses, at the root of the nose,
t. manus, the metacarpus, t. occipitalis, one some-
times found on the occipital bone about the superior
curved line. t. palatinus, a protuberance on the
surface of the hard palate, marking the point of
junction of the intermaxillary and palatomaxillary
sutures, t. spiralis, the stria acustica. t. tubarius,
a rounded eminence of mucous membrane in the
naso-pharynx near the opening of the Eustachian
tube; also called Eustachian cushion, t. uretericus,
a ridge in the bladder-wall connecting the ureteral
orifices, t. uteri, a rounded ridge on the posterior
wall of the uterus due to the reflection of the peri-
toneum upon the posterior wall of the vagina.

touch (tutsh) [Fr., toucher]. 1. The tactile sense.
The act of judging by the tactile sense; palpation.
2. In obstetrics, digital examination of the female
genital organs and adjacent parts through the vagina.
t., abdominal, application of the hands to the ab-
domen for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal conditions.
t., after, the sensation which persists for a short time
after contact with an object has ceased, t.-corpuscle, .
a touch-body; a tactile corpuscle. See under tactile.
t. double, combined vaginal and abdominal or vaginal
and rectal palpation, t.-me-not. See noli me
tangere. t., rectal, examination made by the finger

in the rectum, t., royal, the laying on of the hands
by a king, formerly believed to be efficacious in
scrofula or kings' evil, t., vaginal. See touch.
t., vesical, examination through the bladder, the
urethra having been dilated to admit the finger.
The latter can only be done in the female, t.-wood.
See amadou.

tour de maitre (toor-d'-matr) [Fr., "the master's
turn"]. A method of passing a catheter into the
bladder in which it is introduced into the urethra
with the convexity upward, the shaft lying obliquely
across the left thigh of the patient, and as the point
enters the bulb, the handle is swept around toward the
abdomen, when the beak passes into the membranous
urethra, and is carried into the bladder by depressing
the shaft between the patient's thighs. A sound
may be introduced into the uterus in an analogous
manner, by entering the instrument with the con-
vexity upward, and then sweeping the shaft around.

Tourette's disease (too-ref) [Georges Gilles de la
Tourette, French physician]. A convulsive form of tic
characterized by motor incoordination with echolalia
and coprolalia. T.'s sign, inversion of the ratio
existing normally between the earthy phosphates
and alkaline phosphates of the urine; it is found in
paroxysms of hysteria.

tourniquet (toor-nik-et) [Fr., from tourner, to turn].
An instrument for controlling the circulation by
means of compression, usually consisting of two
metallic plates united by a thumb-screw, and a
strap provided with a pad. The strap is fastened
about the part, the pad being made to lie over the
arrtery to be occluded. The screw is placed dia-
metrically opposite the pad, and the strap tightened
by separating the metallic plates of the screw.
t., Dupuytren's, one for compressing the abdominal
aorta, consisting of a semicircle of metal with a pad
at one extremity, t., Esmarch's, one consisting of
a stout, elastic rubber band applied above the proxi-
mal turn of an elastic bandage passing around the
part to be rendered bloodless, t., field-, one con-
sisting of a strap and buckle with a pad to be placed
over the artery, t., horseshoe, one shaped like a
horseshoe, to compress only two points, and thus
permit venous return, t., lip, one consisting of a
U-shaped piece of steel, the arms being provided with
plates which are approximated by a central screw.
t., provisional, one applied loosely, so that it may be
tightened at once upon the recurrence of hemorrhage,
t., screw, that invented by the French surgeon,
John Lewis Petit (1674-1750). See tourniquet (1).
t., Signorini's. See /., horseshoe, t., Skey's, also
a modification of the horseshoe or Signorini's. t.,
Spanish windlass, a knotted bandage or handkerchief
twisted by a stick and Used as a tourniquet, t.,
torcular. Same as t., Spanish windlass.

tous les mois (too-la-mwah') [Fr., "every month"].
A variety of arrow-root starch prepared from Canna
edulis; canna starch.

tow. The coarse part of flax or hemp, used as an
absorbent.

towelling {tow' -el-ing) . Rubbing with a towel.

tower-skull. See oxycephalia.

tox-, toxico-, toxo- (toks-, toks-ik-o-, toks-o-) [to£ik6p,
poison]. Prefixes signifying poisonous or caused by
a poison.

toxaemia (toks-e'-me-ah). See toxemia.

toxalbumin (toks-aV -bu-min) [tox-; albumin]. A
poisonous proteid. Toxalbumins have been ob-
tained from cultures of bacteria and from certain
plants. See toxin (2).

toxalbumose (toks-aV -bu-mos) . A toxic albumose.

toxanemia, toxanaemia (toks-an-e'-me-ah) [tox-; ane-
mia]. Anemia produced by poison.

toxemia, toxaemia (toks-e'-me-ah) [tox-; alua, blood].
Blood-poisoning, a condition in which the blood con-
tains poisonous products, either those produced by
the body-cells or those due to the growth of micro-
organisms.

toxemic (toks-e'-mik) [see toxemia]. Pertaining
to, affected with, or caused by toxemia.

toxenzyme (toks'-en-zim). A toxic enzyme.

toxic (toks'-ik) [toxin]. 1. Poisonous; produced by
a poison. 2. Pertaining to a toxin, t. unit. See unit.

toxicant (toks'-ik-ant) [toxic]. 1. Poisonous or
toxic. 2. A poisonous agent.

toxicemia (toks-is-e'-me-ah). See toxemia.

toxichemia (toks-ik-e'-me-ah). See toxemia.

toxichemitosis (toks-e-ke-mit-o'-sis) [toxic; alpa,
blood]. Blood-poisoning.

TOXICIDE

897

TRACHEA

toxicide (toks'-is-td) [tox-; cedere, to kill]. A rem-
edy or principle that destroys toxic agents.

toxicity (Jtoks-is'-it-e) [toxic], i. The quality of
being toxic. 2. The kind and amount of poison or
toxin produced by a microorganism.

toxicodendrol (toks-ik-o-den'-drol). A toxic non-
volatile oil from the poison ivy, Rhus toxicodendron,
and from poison sumach, Rhus venenata.

toxicodendron (toks-ik-o-den'-dron) [toxico; bkvbpov,
tree]. See rhus.

toxicoderma (toks^ik-o-der'-mah) [toxico-; Sepua,
skin]. Disease of the skin due to poison.

toxicodermatitis (toks-ik-o-der-mat-i'-tis) [toxico- ;
dermatitis]. Inflammation of the skin due to poison.

toxicogenic (toks-ik-o-jen'-ik) [toxico-; yewav, to
produce]. Producing poisons.

toxicohemia (toks-ik-o-he'-me-ah). See toxemia.

toxicoid (toks'-ik-oid) [to£ik6v, poison; eldos, like].
Resembling a poison.

toxicologist (toks-ik-ol' -o-jist) [toxico-; \6yos, sci-
ence]. One versed in toxicology.

toxicology (toks-ik-ol'-o-je) [toxico-; \6yos, science].
The science of the nature and effects of poisons, their
detection, and the treatment of their effects.

toxicomania (toks-ik-o-ma'-ne-ah) [toxico-; fiavla,
madness]. 1. Morbid desire to consume poison. 2.
Toxiphobia.

toxicomucin (toks-ik-o-mii'-sin). See toxomucin.

toxicopathy (toks-ik-op'-a-the) [toxico-; ira£os, dis-
ease]. Disease of toxic origin.

toxicophobia (Jtoks-ik-o-fo' -be-ah) [toxico-; <f>6(Jos,
fear]. Morbid dread of being poisoned.

toxicophylaxin (toks-ik-o-fi-laks'-in) [toxico-; phy-
laxin]. A phylaxin which destroys or counteracts
the toxic products of pathogenic bacteria. See phy-
laxin.

toxicosis (toks-ik-o'-sis) [toxin]. A state of poison-
ing, t., auto-, one with clinical symptoms that are
caused by the formation of toxic basic products from
morbid matter, such as pathological fluids lodged in
certain parts of the system, t., exogenic, one with
clinical symptoms induced by the action of toxic
bases taken into the system with the food, such as the
poison of sausages and cheese, t., noso-, one with
clinical symptoms referable to the presence of basic
products which are formed in the system (blood, etc.)
in disease and eliminated with the urine, t., reten-
tion, one with clinical symptoms depending upon the
retention of the physiological bases (e. g. uremia).

toxicosozin (toks-ik-o-so'-zin) [toxico-; sozin]. Same
as toxosozin ; and see sozin.

toxidermitis (toks-e-der-mi'-tis). See toxicoderma-
titis.

toxiferous (toks-if'-er-us) [toxin; ferre, to bear].
Producing or conveying poison.

toximucin (toks-e-mu' -sin) . See toxomucin.

toxin [toZmov, poison]. 1. Any poisonous nitrog-
enous compound produced by animal or vegetable
cells. 2. Any poisonous substance, proteid in nature,
produced by animal or vegetable cells, by immuni-
zation with which specific antitoxins may be obtained.
Syn., toxalbumin. t., animal, one produced by the
metabolic activity of animal cells, as snake-venom.
t., bacterial, one produced by the metabolic activity
of bacteria, as diphtheria toxin, t., extracellular, a
bacterial toxin elaborated by a microorganism and
thrown off into the surrounding medium. The ma-
jority of the best known toxins are extracellular, t.,
fatigue, see t., ponogenic. t., intracellular, a bacter-
ial toxin contained in the bodies of the bacteria them-
selves, t.s, ponogenic, toxins such as are character-
istic of nerve- tissue waste, t.-unit, consists of two
parts, a haptophore complex which unites it with the
cell receptor (or lateral chain), and the toxophore
complex, which is the poisonous element, t., vege-
table. 1. Any toxin produced by vegetable cells. 2.
Specifically, one produced by higher plants, as ricin
(produced by the castor-oil plant), abrin (produced
by the jequirity plant).

toxinemia (toks-in-e'-me-ah). See toxemia.

toxinfection (toks-in-fek-shun) [toxico-; infection].
Infection by means of a toxin.

toxinic (toks-in'-ik) [toxin]. Pertaining to a toxin.

toxinicide {toks-in' -is-ld) [toxin; cadere, to kill].
Any substance that destroys a toxin.

toxinosis (toks-in-o'-sis) . See toxicosis.

toxipeptone. See toxopeptone.

toxiphobia (toks-e-fo' -be-ah) [toxin; 06/3os, fear].
Morbid dread of being poisoned.

toxiphoric (toks-if-or'-ik). See toxiferous. t. side-
30

chain, applied by Ehrlich to atom groups which com-
bine with the toxin of any particular disease-germ.

toxiresin (toks-ir-ez'-in) [toxin; resina, a resin]. A
poisonous decomposition product of digitalis, resul-
ting when the latter is treated with dilute acids or
heated to 2400 C.

toxis (toks'-is) . See toxicosis.

toxitherapy (toks-e-ther'-ap-e). The therapeutic
use of antitoxins.

toxituberculide (toks-e-tu-ber'-ku-lid) . A skin les-
ion to be due to t*he action of tuberculous toxin.

toxoalexin (toks-o-al-eks'-in) . See toxophylaxin.

toxoid (toks'-oid) [toxin; elSos, likeness]. A toxin
transformation-product destitute of toxic effect.

toxolipoid (toks-o-lip'-oid). An antigen formed by
the combination of a lipoid with a toxin.

toxolysin (toks-ol'-is-in). Same as antitoxin.

toxomucin (toks-o-mu'-sin) [toxo-; mucus]. A toxic
substance obtained from cultures of tubercle bacilli.

toxon (toks'-on) [toxin]. Ehrlich's name for any
one of several substances which appear in fresh
toxins; they neutralize antitoxin and are feebly poi-
sonous.

toxonosis (toks-on-o'-sis) [toxo-; i>6<tos, disease]. An
affection resulting from the action of a poison.

toxopeptone (toks-o-pep'-ton). A poisonous pro-
teid, resembling peptone in its behavior to heat and
reagents, produced in peptone cultures by the comma
bacillus.

toxophile (toks'-o-fil) [toxo-; <f>i\elv, to love]. Hav-
ing an affinity for toxins or poisons.

toxophore (toks'-o-for) [toxo-; 4>kptlv, to bear].
That complex of atoms of a toxin-unit which is the
poisonous element of a toxin, t. group, that part of
the toxin molecule which exerts the poisonous effects.

toxophorous (toks-off'-or-us). Pertaining to the
toxophore.

toxophylaxin. See toxicophylaxin.

toxosis (toks-o'-sis). See toxonosis.

toxosozin (toks-o-so'-zin). See under sozin.

Toynbee's corpuscles [Joseph Toynbee, English
otologist, 18 15-1866]. The corneal corpuscles. T.'s
experiment, rarefaction of the air contained in the
tympanic cavity by swallowing while the mouth and
nose are closed. T.'s law. See Gull- Toynbee's law.
T.'s ligament, the tensor ligament; the fibrous sheath
of the tendon of the tensor tympani. T.'s otoscope,
an otoscope by means of which the physician can
listen to the sounds in the patient's ear during
politzerization.

T. P. Abbreviation for tuberculin precipitation;
Calmette's tuberculin, or purified tuberculin. See
tuberculin, and Calmette's reaction.

T. R. Abbreviation for tuberculin residuum; new
tuberculin. See tuberculin.

tr. Abbreviation for tinctura or tincture.

trabal (tra'-bal) [trabs, beam]. Pertaining to the
trabs cerebri; callosal.

trabecula (tra-bek'-u-lah) [L., "a small beam"].
Any one of the fibrous bands extending from the cap-
sule into the interior of an organ, t. cerebri, the
corpus callosum. t. cinerea, the middle or gray com-
missure of the cerebrum, t. cranii, a structure in the
embryo from which the sella turcica is developed, t.,
Rathke's. See t. cranii.

trabecule (tra-bek' '-u-le) [pi. of trabecula]. t. car-
neae, the columnar carneae of the heart, t. corporum
cavernosorum, the trabecular of the corpora caver-
nosa, t. lienis, the trabecule of the spleen.

trabecular (tra-bek'-u-lar) [trabecula]. Of the na-
ture of a trabecula. t. duct, a duct whose cavity or
lumen is crossed by ligneous threads or bands, t.
region, that part of the skull in the embryo where the
sella turcica is later developed; trabecula cranii.

trabecularism (tra-bek' -u-lar-izm) [trabecula, a lit-
tle beam]. Arrangement like the beams of a framed
building; support by a trabecular structure.

trabeculate (tra-bek'-u-lat) [trabecula, a little beam].
Having trabecular.

trabs (trabz) [L., "a beam"]. The corpus callosum;
called also trabs cerebri.

trace (Iras). 1. A mark. 2. A barely recognizable
quantity, t., primitive. See primitive streak.

tracer (tra'-ser). An instrument used in dissection
for isolating nerves and vessels by tearing the con-
nective tissue.

trachea (tra'-ke-ah) [rpaxtla, a windpipe]. The
windpipe; the cartilaginous and membranous tube
extending from the lower part of the larynx to its
division into the two bronchi.

TRACHEAECTASY

898

TRACHOMA

tracheaectasy (tra-ke-ah-ek'-tas-e) [trachea; eKraais,
dilatation]. Dilatation of the trachea.

tracheal (tra'-ke-al) [trachea]. Pertaining to or
produced in the trachea, t. catarrh. See tracheitis.
t. triangle, the inferior carotid triangle; see triangle.
t. tugging, the downward tugging movement of the
larynx, sometimes observed in aneurysm of the aortic
arch.

trachealgia (tra-ke-al'-je-ah) [trachea; aXyos, pain],
i. Pain in the trachea. 2. Croup.

trachealis muscle (tra-ke-a'-lis) [trachea]. The in-
trinsic transverse muscle-fibers found in the trachea.

tracheitis (tra-ke-i'-tis) [trachea; ms, inflammation].
Inflammation of the trachea.

trachelagra (tra-kel-ag'-rah) [rpax^Xos, neck; aypa,
seizure]. Rheumatic or gouty pain in the neck.

trachelalis (trak-el-a'-lis) [rpdx»?Xos, neck]. The
trachelomastoid muscle. See under muscle.

trachelectomopexy (tra-kel-ek-to-mo-peks'-e) [rp&x-
ijXoj, neck; inToy-h, excision; irjjtis, a fixing]. Partial
excision with fixation of the neck of the uterus.

trachelectomy (tra-kel-ek'-to-me) [trachelo-; cktouti,
excision]. Excision of the neck of the uterus.

trachelematoma (tra-kel-e-ma-to'-mah) [trachelo:
hematoma], A hematoma of the neck, or in the ster-
nomastoid muscle.

trachelian (tra-ke'-le-an) [rpdx»?Xos, neck]. Per-
taining to the neck, particularly its dorsal part; cer-
vical.

trachelismus (tra-kel-is'-mus) [rpaxriKos, neck].
Spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck.

trachelitis (tra-kel-i'-tis) [trachelo-; ms, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the neck of the uterus.

trachelo- (trak-el-o-) [rpax^Xos, neck]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to the neck.

tracheloacromial (tra-kel-o-a-kro'-me-al) [trachelo- ;
acromion]. Connecting the shoulder-blade and
vertebrae.

tracheloacromialis (tra-kel-o-a-kro-me-a'-lis) [tra-
chelo-; acromion]. An inconstant muscle, arising
from the occipital bone and inserted into the acromion
process.

trachelobregmatic {tra-kel-o-breg-mat'-ik) [trachelo- ;
bregma]. Relating to the neck and the bregma.

trachelocele (tra-kel'-o-sel). Same as tracheocele.

tracheloclavicular (tra-kel-o-kla^vik'-u-lar). Rela-
ting to the neck and the collar-bone.

trachelocyllosis (tra-kel-o-sil-lo'-sis) [trachelo-;
KvWaxris, a bending]. Torticollis.

trachelocyrtosis (tra-kel-o-sir-to'-sis) [trachelo-;
kvptos, curved]. .■ Same as trachelokyphosis.

trachelocystitis (tra-kel-o-sis-ti'-tis) [trachelo-; cys-
titis]. Inflammation of the neck of the bladder.

trachelodynia (tra-kel-o-din'-e-ah) [trachelo-; odvvri,
pain]. Pain in the neck.

trachelokyphosis (tra-kel-o-ki-fo'-sis) [trachelo-;
Kixfioxris, kyphosis]. An anterior curvature of the
cervical portion of the spinal column.

trachelologist (tra-kel-ol'-o-jist). An expert in dis-
eases of the neck.

trachelology (tra-kel-ol'-o-je) [trachelo-; Xoyos, sci-
ence]. The science of the neck and its diseases.

trachelomastoid (trak-el-o-mas'-toid) [trachelo- ;
mastoid]. Pertaining to the neck and the mastoid
process. See muscles, table of.

trachelomyitis (tra-kel-o-mi-i'-tis) [trachelo-; nvs,
muscle; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
muscles of the neck.

trachelo-occipital (tra-kel-o-ok-sip'-it-al). Relating
to the nape of the neck and the occiput.

trachelopanus (tra-kel-o-pan'-us) [trachelo-; panus,
swelling]. Tumefaction of the cervical lymphatic
glands.

trachelopexia (tra-kel-o-peks'-e-ah) [trachelo-; irij^is,
a fixing]. Fixation of the neck of the uterus.

trachelophyma (tra-kel-o-fi'-mah) [trachelo-; 0Dpa,
growth]. Swelling of the neck.

tracheoplasty (trak'-el-o-plas-le) [trachelo-; ir\a<r-
<reiv, to mold]. Plastic operation on the neck of the
uterus.

trachelorrhaphy (trak-el-or'-a-fe) [trachelo-; pa<pr),
suture]. Repair of a laceration of the cervix uteri.

tracheloschisis (tra-kel-os'-kis-is) [trachelo-; <rxt<us,
fissure]. A/ congenital fissure of the neck.

trachelosyringorrhaphy (tra-kel-o-sir-in-gor'-af-e)
[trachelo-; <rvpiy£, a pipe; pd^, a seam]. An opera-
tion for vaginal fistula with stitching of the cervix
uteri.

trachelotomy (trak-el-ot'-o-me) [trachelo-; rop.i\, a
cutting]. Incision into the cervix uteri.

tracheo- (tra-ke-o-) [rpaxela, trachea]. A prefix
denoting connection with or relation to the trachea.

tracheoaerocele (tra-ke-o-a'-er-o-sel) [tracheo-; af/p,
air; K17X17, tumor]. A diverticulum of the trachea.

tracheoblenorrhea, tracheoblenorrhcea (tra-ke-blen-
or-e'-ah) [tracheo-; fiXkvva, mucus; poia, a flow]. A
profuse discharge of mucus from the trachea.

tracheobronchial (tra-ke-o-brong'-ke-al) [tracheo- ;
bronchial]. Pertaining to the trachea and a bronchus
or the bronchi.

tracheobronchitis (tra-ke-o-brong-ki'-tis) [tracheo-;
bronchitis]. Inflammation of the trachea and bron-
chi.

tracheobronchoscopy {tra-ke-o-brong-kos'-co-pe)

[tracheo-; ppoyxos, bronchus; aicoireu, I view]. In-
spection of the interior of the trachea and bronchi.

tracheocele (tra'-ke-o-sel) [tracheo-; K17X17, tumor].

1. Protrusion of the mucous membrane of the trachea.

2. Goiter.

tracheoesophageal (tra-ke-o-es-of-aj'-e-al) [tracheo- ;
esophagus]. Pertaining to the trachea and the esoph-
agus.

tracheolaryngeal (tra-ke-o-lar-in'-je-al) [tracheo- ;
larynx]. Pertaining to the trachea and the larynx.

tracheolaryngotomy (tra-ke-o-lar-ing-got'-o-me)

[tracheo-; laryngotomy]. Incision into the larynx and
trachea; combined tracheotomy and laryngotomy.

tracheopathia osteoplastica (tra-ke-o-path'-e-ah os-
te-o-plas' -tik-ah) . A deposit of^ cartilage and bone
in the mucosa of the trachea.

tracheophony (tra-ke-off'-o-ne) [tracheo-; <t>uvii,
voice]. The sound heard over the trachea on aus-
cultation.

tracheophyma (tra-ke-o-fi'-mah) [tracheo-; tj>vp,a, a
tumor]. A goiter, bronchocele.

tracheoplasty (tra'-ke-o-plast-e) [tracheo-; irKaaaeiv,
to form]. Plastic surgery of the trachea.

tracheopyosis (tra-ke-o-pi-o'-sis) [tracheo-; irvov,
pus]. Purulent tracheitis.

tracheorrhagia (tra-ke-or-a'-je-ah) [tracheo-; pny-
vvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the trachea.

tracheoschisis (tra-ke-os'-kis-is) [tracheo-; <rx'T«".
to split]. Fissure of the trachea.

tracheoscopic (tra-ke-o-skop'-ik) [tracheo-; moire'iv,
to view]. Pertaining to tracheoscopy.

tracheoscopy (tra-ke-os'-ko-pe) [tracheo-; a-Koweiv,
to inspect]. Inspection of the interior of the trachea
by means of a laryngoscopic mirror and reflected
light.

tracheostenosis (tra-ke-o-sten-o'-sis) [tracheo-; sten-
osis]. Abnormal constriction or narrowing of the
trachea.

tracheotome (tra'-ke-o-tom) [tracheo-; roy.ii, a cut-
ting]. A cutting instrument used in tracheotomy.

tracheotomist (tra-ke-ot'-om-ist).' One skilled in
tracheotomy.

tracheotomize (tra-ke-ot'-om-iz). To perform tra-
cheotomy upon.

tracheotomy (tra-ke-ot'-o-me) [see tracheotome].
The operation of cutting into the trachea through the
cricothyroid membrane, or through the cricoid
cartilage and the upper part of the trachea, t.,
inferior, one performed below the isthmus of the thy-
roid gland, t., superior, one performed above the
isthmus of the thyroid gland, t.-tube, a metal tube
placed in the opening made in tracheotomy, and
through which breathing is carried on.

trachielcosis (tra-ke-el-ko'-sis) [tracheo-; eX/cos, an
ulcer]. Ulceration of the trachea.

trachielcus (tra-ke-el'-kus). An ulcer of the tra-
chea.

trachitis (tra-ki'-tis). See tracheitis.

trachoma (tra-ko'-mah) [rpaxvs, rough]. A con-
tagious disease of the eyelids characterized by small,
sago-like elevations on the conjunctiva, and later by
cicatricial contraction and deformity of the lids. The
friction of the elevations (trachoma-granulations) a-
gainst the cornea often produces ulcer or pannus.
Syn., granular conjunctivitis ; granular lids, t., Arlt's,
the granular form, t., brawny, a late stage of mixed
trachoma, in which the surface of the conjunctiva is
rather smooth although lymphoid infiltration per-
sists, t. deformans, a name given to a form of vul-
vitis at the stage when it results in diffuse scar-tissue.
t., diffuse, a high degree of mixed trachoma in which
large growths cover the tarsal conjunctiva, t., fol-
licular, t., mixed, the usual form of trachoma; see
/., Arlt's. t. laryngis. See t. of vocal cords, t.,
papillary, in which the granulations are red and papil-
lary, t., Tuerck's. See Tuerck's trachoma, t. of

TRACHOMATOUS

899

TRANSFORM ISM

vocal bands, nodular swellings on the vocal cords;
singers' nodes.

trachomatous (tra-ko'-mat-us) [trachoma]. Affected
with or pertaining to trachoma.

trachychromatic (trak-e-kro-mat'-ik) [rpaxvs, rough;
XP&lia, color]. Said of a nucleus with a deeply
staining chromatin.

trachyphonia {trak-if-o'-ne-ah) [rpaxvs, rough; cfiuvfi,
voice]. Roughness or hoarseness of the voice.

tract [tractus]. i. A distinct, more or less defined
region having considerable length. 2. Any one of the
columns of white matter of the spinal cord. 3- A
track or course, t., acusticocerebellar, a tract of
fibers arising in the cerebellar nuclei and terminating
in the nucleus of Deiters. t., alimentary, the alimen-
tary canal, extending from the mouth to the anus.
t., anterior ascending cerebellospinal. Same as
Gowers's tract, t., cerebellar, an ascending tract of
fibers at the periphery of the posterior portion of the
lateral column of the spinal cord, t., crossed or
lateral pyramidal, that part of the pyramidal tract
which decussates in the medulla, t., descending
anterolateral, a few long fibers scattered in the anter-
ior and lateral ground-bundles of the spinal cord, t.,
digestive, the alimentary tract, t., direct or anter-
ior pyramidal, that part of the pyramidal tract which
does not decussate in the medulla, t., direct cere-
bellar. See t., cerebellar, t., frontopontal, a tract
of nerve-fibers from the frontal lobe of the brain to
the nucleus pontis. t., genitourinary, the genito-
urinary organs in continuity, t., habenular, a tract
of fibers passing from the habenula to the mesal side
of the red nucleus, t., intermediate, a tract of nerve-
fibers from the corpus striatum to the motor cerebral
nuclei, the nucleus pontis, and the opposite cerebellar
hemisphere, t., intermediolateral, a tract of nerve-
fibers in the lateral column of the spinal cord, midway
between the anterior and posterior gray horns, t.,
motor, the path for motor impulses from the brain to
a muscle, t., olfactory. See olfactory tract, t., op-
tic. See optic tract, t., oval, a part of the descend-
ing posteromedial tract of the spinal cord, t., pon-
tospinal, medial and lateral, tracts of nerve-fibers
arising in the nuclei of the pontile reticular substance
and terminating at various levels in the spinal cord.
t., prepyramidal, the ventral pyramids of the cord.
t., pupillodilator, the bulbar and spinal portions of
the anterior longitudinal bundle, t., pyramidal, the
continuation in the spinal cord of the ventral pyra-
mids of the oblongata, t., respiratory, the respira-
tory organs in continuity, t., rubrospinal, a tract of
nerve-fibers from the red nucleus to the gray matter
of the spinal cord, t., semilunar, a band of fibers in
the outer portion of the cerebellum, t., sensory, any
tract of fibers conducting sensation to the brain, t.,
septomarginal, a narrow strip of fibers in the posterior
column close to the septum as high as the eleventh
dorsal segment, t., spinothalamic, that part of the
fibers in the anterior ascending cerebellospinal tract
which goes to the lateral nucleus of the thalamus, t.,
spinovestibular, a tract of fibers in the posterior por-
tion of the direct cerebellar tract going to the vesti-
bular nucleus, t., temporopontal, a tract of nerve-
fibers from the temporal lobe to the substantia nigra
and nucleus pontis.

tractellum (trak-tel'-lum) [dim. of tractus, a tract;
pi., tractella). That flagellum of a protozoan which
precedes in locomotion.

traction (trak'-shun) [trahere, to draw]. The act
of drawing or pulling, t.-aneurysm, an aneurysm
due to traction on the aorta by an incompletely
atrophied ductus arteriosus, t., axis-, traction in the
axis or direction of a channel, as of the pelvis, through
which a body is to be drawn, t., axis-, forceps, an
obstetric forceps for performing axis-traction in" the
delivery of fetus, t.-diverticulum, a circumscribed
sacculation of the esophagus from the traction of
adhesions, t., elastic, traction by an elastic force.

tractograph (trak'-to-graf) [trahere, to draw: ypa<j>etv,
to write]. An apparatus used to make traction tests.

tractor (trak'-tor) [traction]. 1. An instrument for
making traction. 2. See Perkinism.

tractoration (trak-tor-a'-shun) [tractor]. Treat-
ment by metallic tractors. See Perkinism.

tractus (trak'-tus) [L.]. See tract, t. centralis, a.
central tract, t. iliotibialis, the iliotibial band. t.
olfactorius, the olfactory tract. t. opticus, the
optic tract, t. solitarius, the respiratory bundle.
t. spinalis nervi trigemini, the spinal tract, or ascend-
ing root, of the trigeminal nerve.

tragacanth {trag'-a-kanth) [rpayaxavda, "goat-
thorn"]. A gummy exudation from various species
of Astragalus, of the order Leguminosce, constituting
the tragacantha of the U. S. P. and B. P. It resembles
gum-arabic, and is used as a demulcent, and is added
to water to suspend insoluble powders and for making
troches, t., glycerin of (glycerinum tragacantha,
B. P.). t., mucilage of (mucilago tragacantha, U. S.
P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). t., powder of, compound
(pulvis tragacantha compositus, B. P.). Dose 30 gr.-
1 dr. (2-4 Gm.).

tragal (tra'-gal) [tragus]. Pertaining to the tragus.

tragalism (trag'-al-izm) [rpayos, goat]. Salacious-
ness; sensuality.

tragi (tra'-gi) [pi. of tragus]. Hairs of the external
auditory meatus.

tragicus (traj'-ik-us). See under muscle.

tragophonia, tragophony (trag-off-o' -ne-ah, trag-off'-
on-e) [rpayos, goat; 0w^, voice]. Synonym of
egophony.

tragopodia (trag-op-o'-de-ah) [rpayos, goat; -kovs,
foot]. Knock-knee.

tragus (tra'-gus) [rpdyos, goat]. 1. The small
prominence of cartilage projecting over the meatus of
the external ear. 2. One of the hairs at the external
auditory meatus.

trailer. See hand, trailing.

training (tran-ing). Systematic exercise for phys-
ical development or for some special attainment,
t.-school, an institution where persons are instructed
in nursing.

trait (trat, or tra) [Fr., trait, a line]. Any natural
characteristic or feature that is peculiar to an in-
dividual.

trajector (tra-jek'-tor) [L., "a piercer"]. An instru-
ment used to determine the approximate location of a
bullet in the cranium or elsewhere.

trance (trans) [transitus, a passing or passage]. 1.
A form of catalepsy, characterized by a prolonged
condition of abnormal sleep, in which the vital func-
tions are reduced very low, and from which the
patients ordinarily cannot be aroused. The breath-
ing is almost imperceptible, and sensation abolished.
The onset and awakening are both very sudden. 2.
The state of syncope much protracted, t.-doctor, a
mesmerist, t., ecstatic, catalepsy, t.„ hysterical, the
trance-like condition sometimes met with in hysteria.

trans- [trans, across]. A prefix denoting through or
across.

transanimation (trans-an-im-a'-shun) [trans-; anima,
life]. The performing of artificial respiration on a
stillborn infant.

transaudient (trans-aw'-de-ent) [trans-; audire, to
hear]. Allowing the transmission of sound.

transcendental (tran-sen-den'-tal) [trans-; scandere,
to climb]. Beyond the bounds of experience, t.
anatomy, philosophical anatomy.

transcortical (trans-kor'-lik-al) [trans-; cortex].
Across or through the cortex. From one part of the
cortex to another.

transect (tran-sekf) [trans-; secare, to cut]. To
make a transection.

transection (trans-ek'-shun) [trans-; section]. A
section made across the long axis of a part.

transfer {trans' -fer) [trans-; ferre, to carry]. The
change of anesthesia or hyperesthesia or other symp-
tom from one part of the body to another, a phe-
nomenon present in some cases of hysteria.

transference (trans-fer'-ens). 1. See transfer. 2.
See telepathy.

transfix (trans-fiks') [trans-; figere, to fix]. To
pierce through and through.

transfixion (trans-fik'-shun) [transfix]. 1. The act
of piercing through and through. 2. A method of
amputation in which the knife is passed directly
through the soft parts, the cutting being done from
within outward.

transforation (trans-for-a'-shun) [trans-; for are, to
pierce]. The act of perforating, as transforation of
the fetal skull.

transforator (trans' -f or -a-tor) [trans-; for are, to
pierce]. An instrument for transforation of the fetal
head.

transformation (trans-for-ma'-shun) [trans-; for-
mare, to form]. 1. A change of form or constitution.
2. A change of one form of connective tissue into
another. 3. Degeneration.

transformism (trans-for'-mizm) [trans-; formare, to
form, shape]. In biology, the doctrine of descent
with modification; the transmutation of species.

TRANSFRONTAL

900

TRAPEZIFORM

transfrontal (trans-fron'-tal) [trans-; frons, fore-
head]. Crossing the frontal lobe of the brain.

transfuse (tranz-fuz') . To perform transfusion.

transfuser, transfusionist (trans-fu'-zur, trans-fu'-
zjun-ist). One skilled in the transfusion of blood.

transfusion (trans-fu'-zjun) [trans-; fundere, to
pour], i. A transfer of blood into the veins. 2. The
introduction into a vessel of the body of blood, saline
solution, or other liquid. 3. The pouring of liquid
from one vessel to another, t., arterial, transfusion of
blood into an artery, t., direct, t., immediate, the
transfusion of blood from one person to another with-
out exposure of the blood to the air. t., indirect, t.,
mediate, the introduction of blood that was first
drawn into a vessel, t. peritoneal, transfusion into
the peritoneal cavity, t., reciprocal, the exchange
of equal volumes of blood between a patient suffering
from a febrile disease and one who is convalescent
from that disease, t., venous, transfusion into a vein.

transic (trans' -ik) [trance]. Relating to a trance.

transiliac (trans-iV-e-ak) [trans-; ilium, ilium].
Passing across from one ilium to the other, as the
transiliac diameter or axis.

transilient (trans-il'-e-ent) [trans-; salire, to leap].
Extending across, t. fiber, a nerve-fiber passing
from one convolution of the brain to another not im-
mediately adjacent.

transillumination (trans-il-u-min-a'-shun) [trans- ;
illumination]. Illumination of the walls of a cavity
by a light passed through them, or, the throwing of an
intense light through the substance of a hollow organ
as a means of diagnosis.

transinsular (trans-in'-su-lar) [trans-; insula, is-
land]. Traversing the insula of the brain or the
island of Reil.

transischiac (trans-is' -ke-ak) [trans-; ischium]. Ex-
tending transversely from one ischium to the other.

transition (trans-ish'-un) [transire, to go over].
Change; passsage from one state to another, t.-
resistance, the resistance introduced into an electric
current by the accumulation of decomposition-pro-
ducts upon the electrodes.

translation (trans-la' -shun) [L., translatus]. A
change of location.

translucent (trans-lu'-sent) [trans-; lucere, to shine].
Permitting a partial transmission of light; somewhat
transparent.

translucid (trans-lu'-sid). Semitransparent.

translumination (trans-lu-min-a'-shun). Synonym
of transillumination.

transmigration (trans-mi-gra'-shun) [trans-; mi-
grare, to wander] . 1 . A wandering across or through ;
as transmigration of the ovum, transmigration of the
white corpuscles. 2. Diapedesis. t., external, the
passage of an ovum from one ovary to the opposite
oviduct without traversing the uterus, t., internal,
the passage of the ovum through its proper oviduct
into the uterus and across to the opposite oviduct.

transmissibility (trans-mis-ib-il'-it-e) [trans-; mit-
tere, to send]. The capability of being transmitted
or communicated from one person to another.

transmission (trans-mish'-un) [trans-; mittere, to
send]. I. The communication or transfer of any-
thing, especially disease, from one person or place to
another. 2. See heredity, t., duplex, the property of
nerves of transmitting impulses in two directions.
t., placental, the conveyance of certain drugs and
bacteria and their products through the fetoplacental
circulation. .

transmitting power. The faculty which an indi-
vidual organism has of transmitting its individual
peculiarities to its progeny.

transmutation (trans-mu-ta'-shun) [transmutare, to
change]. The process of changing; the conversion of
one substance or one form into another substance or
form.

transocular (trans-ok'-u-lar) [trans-; oculus, eye].
Extending across the eye.

transonance (trans' -o-nans) [trans-; sonar e, to
sound]. Transmitted resonance; the transmission of
sounds through an organ, as of the cardiac sounds
through the lungs and chest-wall.

transpalatine (trans-pal' -at-in) [trans-; palatine].
1. Transverse, as a palatine bone, which extends on
either side from the median line. 2 . A bone of certain
sauropsidan vertebrates.

transpalmar (trans-pal '-mar) [trans-; palma, palm].
Situated across the palm.

transpalmaris (trans-pal-ma' -ris) [trans-; palma,
palm]. The palmaris brevis muscle. See muscles.

transparent (trans-pa' -rent) [trans-; par ere, to ap-
pear] . Having the property of permitting the passage
of light-rays without material obstruction, so that
objects beyond the transparent body can be seen.

trans per ineeus (trans-per-in-e'-us) [trans-; perin-
ceum, perineum]. The transversus perinaei muscle.

transperitoneal (trans-per-it-on-e'-al). Across the
peritoneal cavity; through the peritoneum.

transpinalis (trans-pi-na'-lis) [trans-; spinalis, spi-
nall. Any intertransverse muscle of the vertebral
column.

transpiration (trans-pir-a'-shun) [trans- ; spirare, to
breathe]. 1. The act of exhaling fluid or gas through
the skin. 2. The material exhaled, t., pulmonary,
the exhalation of watery vapor from the lungs.

transplantar (trans-plan' -tar) [trans-; planta, sole].
Lying across the sole.

transplantation (trans-plan-ta'-shun) [trans-; plan-
tare, to plant]. The operation of transplanting or of
applying to a part of the body tissues taken from
another body or from another part of the same body.
See graft, t. of cornea, see keratoplasty, t. of teeth,
the insertion of a natural tooth from a foreign source
in a natural alveolus.

transpleural (trans-ploo'-rdl) [trans-; w\evpa, side].
Crossing the pleural sac.

transposition (trans-po-zish'-un) [trans-; position].
A change of position, t. of the viscera, a change in
the position of the viscera whereby they are placed
on the side opposite to that normally occupied.

transprocess (trans-pros' -es) [trans-; processus,
process]. A transverse process.

transsection (trans-sek' -shun) . A cross-section.

transsegmental (trans-seg-ment'-al). Across a seg-
ment of a limb or organ.

transtemporal (trans-tem'-po-ral) [trans-; tempus,
temple]. Crossing the temporal lobe.

transthalamic (trans-thal-am'-ik). Across the thal-
amus.

transthoracic (trans-tho-ras'-ik) [trans-; thorax].
Extending across the thorax.

transthoracotomy (trans-tho-rak-ot'-o-me) [trans-;
thorax; tow, a cutting]. The operation of cutting
across the thorax.

transubstantiation (trans-sub-stan-she-a'-shun)

[trans-; substantia, substance]. The replacement of
one tissue by another.

transudate (trans' -u-dat) [trans-; sudare, to per-
spire]. A liquid or other substance produced by
transudation.

transudation (trans-u-da'-shun) [transudate]. 1.
The passing of fluid through a membrane, especially
of blood-serum through the vessel-walls. 2. Trans-
udate.

transudatory (trans-u'-da-to-re) [trans-; sudare, to
perspire]. Passing by or pertaining to transudation

transvaginal (trans-vaj'-in-al). Across or through
the vagina.

transversal (trans-ver'-sal) [trans-; verier e, to turn].
Transverse; running across.

transversalis (trans-ver-sa'-lis) [trans-; vertere, to
turn]. Transverse; an artery (transversalis colli) or a.
muscle (transversalis abdominis) running transversely.
See under artery and under muscle, t. fascia, the
fascia on the inner surface of the transversalis ab-
dominis between the latter and the peritoneum.

transverse (trans-vers') [trans-; vertere, to turn].
Crosswise; at right angles to the longitudinal axis of
the body. t. presentation, a presentation of the fetus
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the
uterus.

transversectomy (trans-ver-sek'-to-me) [transverse ;
WTOM, excision]. Removal of the transverse process
of a vertebra.

transversus (trans-ver'-sus) [L.]. Transverse, as
transversus muscle. See under muscle.

transvestism (trans-vest'-izm) [trans-; vestis, a gar-
ment]. Cross dressing; a man wearing woman's
clothes, or vice versa.

trap (trap). A device intended to prevent the
escape of foul vapors from sewers and waste-pipes into
a house. It generally consists of one or more S-
shaped pipes, filled with water; some are provided
also with valves, t.-door flap, a semicircular or
horseshoe flap made in trephining the skull.

trapezate (trap'-ez-at). Same as trapeziform.

trapezial (tra-pe'-ze-al). Pertaining to the tra-
pezium, or to the trapezius.

trapeziform (tra-pez'-if-orm) [rp6.xt£a, table; forma
form]. Having the shape of a trapezium.

TRAPEZIOMETACARPAL

901

TREMOR

trapeziometacarpal (tra-pe-ze-o-met-ah-kar'-pal) [tra-
pezium; metacarpal]. Pertaining to the trapezium
and the metacarpus.

trapezium (tra-pe'-ze-um) [rpaxefd, a table], i.
The multangulum majus, the first bone of the second
row of carpal bones. 2. A tract of transverse fibers
situated in the lower part of the pons, inclosing the
superior olivary nucleus, and connected with the ac-
cessory auditory nucleus.

trapezius (tra-pe'-ze-us). See under muscle.

trapezoid (trap'-ez-oid) [rpaire£ a, a table; eUos, like].
A geometrical four-sided figure having two parallel
and two diverging sides, t. bone, or simply trapezoid,
the multangulum minus, the second bone of the sec-
ond row of the carpus, t. ligament. See ligament,
trapezoid, t. line, a rough line on the clavicle to
which the t. ligament is attached.

Trapp's formula [Hermann Trapp, German phy-
sician]. The product obtained by doubling the last
two figures of the specific gravity of the urine roughly
indicates the number of grams of solids per 1000 Cc.
of urine.

Traube's corpuscles (trow'-beh) [Ludwig Traube,
German physician, 1818-1876]. Normal red blood-
corpuscles appearing as pale yellowish rings. Syn.,
phantom corpuscles. T.'s curves, large rhythmic
undulations seen in a sphygmographic tracing soon
after respiration has ceased; they are attributed to
stimulation of the vasomotor center in the oblongata.
T.'s dyspnea, dyspnea with slow respiratory move-
ments, marked expansion of the thorax during in-
spiration, and collapse during expiration; it is noted
in diabetes mellitus. T.'s phenomenon, a double
sound, systolic and diastolic, heard over peripheral
arteries, especially the femoral, in aortic insufficiency,
occasionally also in mitral stenosis, lead-poisoning,
etc. T.'s plugs. See Dittrich's plugs. T.'s semi-
lunar space, the space in which the tympanitic sound
of the stomach can be heard within the thorax under
normal conditions; it is bounded by the liver, the
lower border of the left lung, the spleen, and the arch
of the free ribs.

Traube-Hering's curves. (trow' -beh-ha' -ring)
[Traube; Ewald Hering, German physician, 1834- ].
See Traube's curves.

traulism, traulismus (traw'-lizm, traw-liz'-mus)
[rpauXuTMoj, a lisping]. A lisping; a stammer; drawl-
ling, or imperfect utterance.

trauma (traw'-mah) [rpavna, a wound: pi., trauma-
ta]. A wound; an injury.

traumatic (traw-mat'-ik) [trauma]. Pertaining to
or caused by a wound or injury, t. degeneration, the
degeneration of the ends of nerves at the point of
section, extending to the nearest node of Ranvier,
after which fatty degeneration begins, t. fever, fever
following within from eight to thirty-six hours of an
operation or injury. It is due to absorption of poi-
sonous material from the seat of injury, t. hysteria.
See fright-neuroses, t. infective diseases, a class of
diseases characterized by definite symptoms following
wounds or abrasions, t. suggestion. See autosug-
gestion.

traumaticin (traw-mat'-is-in) [trauma]. A solu-
tion of guttapercha in chloroform used for closing
superficial wounds.

traumatism (traw'-mal-izm) [trauma], 1. The con-
dition produced by trauma. 2. Improperly, trauma.

traumatol (traw'-mat-ol) [trauma]. Iodocresol, C7-
H7IO, obtained by the action of iodine on cresol. It
is an odorless, reddish-violet precipitate containing
54% of iodine, soluble in chloroform and carbon disul-
phide, insoluble in water, acid, and alcohol. It is
a surgical antiseptic, used pure as a dusting-powder
and in 5-10% pastes and ointments.

traumatology (traw-mat-ol'-o-je) [trauma; X6705,
science]. The science or description of wounds.

traumatonesis (traw-mat-o-ne'-sis) [rpavna., a
wound ; vijait, a suture]. Suture of a wound.

traumatopnea (traw-mat-op-ne'-ah) [trauma; ttvoti,
breath]. The passage of respiratory air through a
wound in the chest-wall.

traumatopyra (traw-mat-o-pi'-rah) [rpavna, wound;
irvp, fever]. Synonym of traumatic fever.

traumatosepsis (traw-mat-o-sep'-sis) [rpavp-a, a
wound; arj\f/is, putrefaction]. Synonym of hospital
gangrene.

traumatosis (traw-mat-o'-sis) [trauma]. Trauma-
tism.

travail (trav'-il). Labor in childbed.

travel-sickness. Car-sickness.

tray (Jtra). A flat, shallow vessel of glass, hard
rubber, or metal, for holding instruments during a
surgical operation.

treacle (tre'-kl). The uncrystallized residue rem-
aining after the refining of cane-sugar. See theriaca,
and molasses.

treat (tret). To manage disease by the application
of remedies.

treatment (tret'-ment) [tractare, to treat]. The
means employed in effecting the cure of disease; the
management of disease or of diseased patients, t.,
active, that which is vigorously applied to the disease,
t., causal, that which is directed to the removal of
the cause of a disease, t., conservative, that which
abstains from any interference until absolutely indi-
cated; in surgical cases it aims at preservation rather
than mutilation, t., empirical, see empiric, t., ex-
pectant. See expectant, t., mixed, treatment of
syphilis with mercury and potassium iodide, t., pal-
liative, that which is directed towards relief of symp-
toms rather than to cure of the disease, t., preven-
tive, t., prophylactic. See preventive, prophylactic.
t., rational. See rational, t., specific. See spe-
cific, t., supporting, that which is directed to keeping
up the strength of the patient, t., symptomatic,
See symptomatic, t., terrain. See terrain-cure.

trefoil tendon. The central tendon of the dia-
phragm.

trefusia (tre-fu'-ze-ah). A red-brown, soluble pow-
der, obtained by drying defibrinated blood. It is used
in chlorosis.

trehala (tre-hah'-lah) [Turkish]. Turkish manna ; a
variety of manna derived from the cocoons of Lar-
inus maculatus, an insect that feeds upon an Asiatic
thistle, Echinops persica.

trehalose (tre-hal'-os), O2H22O11. A carbohydrate
resembling sugar, derived from ergot and from trehala
manna.

Treitz's fossa [Wenzel Treitz, Austrian physician,
1819- 1872]. The inferior duodenal fossa; a fossa in
the peritoneum on the left side of the ascending duo-
denum. T.'s hernia. Retroperitoneal hernia; duode-
nojejunal hernia. T.'s ligament, a fold of the perito-
neum extending from the duodenojejunal junction to
the left crus of the diaphragm. T.'s muscle, the sus-
pensory muscle of the duodenum; a thin, trian-
gular muscle that arises from the left crus of the dia-
phragm and the connective tissue surrounding the
celiac axis, and is inserted into the duodenojejunal
flexure.

trema (tre'-mah) [rp^pa, a hole]. 1. A synonym of
foramen. 2. The vulva. 3- A genus of the Ulmacece.
t. orientalis, Indian nettle-tree. The bark, leaves,
and root are used as a remedy for epilepsy.

trematode (trem'-at-od) [rp^pa, hole; elaos, like]. A
member of the Trematoda, a class of worms, some of
which are parasitic in man and the lower animals.

tremble (trem'-bl) [tremere, to tremble]. To be
affected with slight, quick, and continued vibratory
movements; to quiver.

trembles (trem'-blz) [tremere, to tremble]. Synon-
nym of milk-sickness. Also used as a synonym of
paralysis agitans.

trembling (trem'-bling) [tremere, to tremble]. A
tremor; quivering; affected with involuntary mus-
cular agitation, t. chair, a chair used in the treat-
ment of paralysis agitans for giving vibratory motion
to the body of the patient seated in it. t. palsy.
Synonym of paralysis agitans.

tremellose (trem'-el-os) [tremere, to tremble]. In
biology, jelly-like.

tremogram (trem'-o-gram) [tremere, to tremble;
7pdpp<x, a writing]. The tracing of tremor made by
means of the tremograph.

tremograph (trem'-o-graf) [tremor; ypa<pn, a writing].
A device for recording tremor.

tremolo (trem'-o-lo). An apparatus for performing
massage; a vibrator.

tremor (trem'-or) [tremere, to shake]. A trembling
of the voluntary muscles, t. arsenical, a tremor the
result of arsenical intoxication, t. artuum, paralysis
agitans. t. capitis, tremor affecting the muscles of
the neck and head. t. coactus. Synonym of I.,
forced, t., continuous, a form of tremor which resem-
bles that of paralysis agitans; it is, however, likely
to be remittent, and may be diminished or arrested
by voluntary effort, t., convulsive. See paramy-
oclonus, t. cordis, a sudden rapid fluttering of the
heart, and the ordinary full pulse of health suddenly
drops to a mere tremulous thread. A symptom often

TREMORLESS

902

TRIANGLE

/

met in neurotic persons, t., epileptoid, intermittent
clonus with tremor, t., fibrillary, tremor caused by
I consecutive contractions of separate muscle-fibrilla?.
t., forced, the convulsive movements persisting during
repose after voluntary motion, due to an intermittent
and rhythmic irritation of the nervous centers, t.,
hysterical, the tremor observed in hysteria, and due to
the uncertainty of nervous impulse, t., intention,
one appearing on voluntary movement, t., inter-
mittent, the tremor commonly observed in hemi-
plegics m on any attempt at voluntary motion, t.,
mercurial, a peculiar form of tremor observed among
smelters and others exposed to the fumes of mercury.
It is sudden or gradual in onset, and is usually unac-
companied by sailvation. The arms are first in-
volved, and then the entire muscular system. If al-
lowed to go on, paralysis, mania and idiocy may re-
sult, t. metallicus. See t., mercurial, t., muscular,
slight, oscillating, rhythmical muscular contractions.
t. potatorum, delirium tremens, t., purring. Syn-
onym of purring thrill, t., Rendu's type of, a hyster-
ical tremor provoked or increased by volitional
movements, t. saturninus, the tremor of lead-poi-
soning, t. tendinum. Synonym of subsultus ten-
dinum. t., vibratile. Svnonvm of fremitus, t., voli-
tional, a trembling of the entire body during volun-
tary effort as observed in multiple sclerosis. See t.,
intentional, t.s from zinc-poisoning. Synonym of
brass-founder's ague (q. v. under ague].

tremorless (trem'-or-less) [tremere, to tremble].
Free from tremor.

tremulation (trem-u-la' -shun) [tremulare, to trem-
ble]. A tremulous condition.

tremulor (trem'-u-lor). An appliance for the ad-
ministration of vibratory massage.

tremulous (trem'-u-lus)[ tremor]. Trembling, quiv-
ering, as tremulous iris.

Trendelenburg position [Friedrich Trendelenburg,
German surgeon, 1844- ]. One in which the patient
lies on the back on a plane inclined at about 45 °, the
pelvis higher than the heafd.

trepan (tre-pan') [rpvirav , bore]. An old form of the
word trephine.

trepanatio (trep-an-a'-she-o). See trephining, t.
corneae, an operation for conical cornea, by means of
the conical trephine.

trepanation (trep-an-a'-shun) [trepan]. The oper-
ation of trephining.

trepanize (trep'-an-iz) [trepan]. To trepan.

trepanning {tre-pan' -ing). Boring; using the tre-
phine, t.-elevator, a lever used to raise the piece of
bone detached by the trepan.

Trepanosoma (trep-an-o-so'-mah). See Trypano-
soma.

trepanosomiasis (trep-an-o-so-mi'-as-is). See try-
panosomiasis.

trephination (tref-in-a' -shun) . See trephining.

trephine (tre-fin) [Fr., trephine]. 1. An instru-
ment for cutting out a circular piece of bone, usually
from the skull. 2. To operate with the trephine.
t. brace, a trephine with an ordinary carpenters'
brace, t., conical, a trephine with a truncated cone-
shaped crown and provided with oblique ridges on its
outer surface to stop its progress as soon as the bone is
penetrated, t., corneal, a small cutting trephine used
to remove a circular section from the summit of a
conical cornea. It is manipulated with the thumb
and finger, t. of Gault, a form of conical trephine.
t., nasal, an instrument made of a steel shaft ending
in a small, fenestrated tube, having a knife or saw
edge, t., tympanic, an instrument made of a small
steel shaft ending in a small, polished tube, 2 mm. in
diameter, with a cutting edge.

trephining (tre-fi'-ning) [trephine]. The operation
of cutting bone with a trephine.

trepidatio itrep-id-a' -she-o) [trepidare, to be agi-
tated]. The state of agitation, t. cordis, palpitation
of the heart.

trepidation (trep-id-a'-shun) [trepidare, to tremble].
1. Trembling. 2. A peculiar oscillatory movement
at times seen in the muscles after hemiplegia.

Treponema pallidum (tre-po-ne'-mah pal' -id-urn) .
The pathogenic parasite of syphilis. Syn., Spirochceta
pallida. T., pertenue, the supposed pathogenic parasite
of yaws. Syn., Spirochceta pertenuis.

treppe (trep' -eh). See summation.

Tresilian's sign, of mumps (tres-il'-e-an) [Frederick
James Tresilian, British physician]. The opening of
Stenson's duct on the inner surface of the cheek op-

posite the second upper molar becomes a bright red
papilla.

tresis (tre'-sis) [TerpaiveLv, to pierce]. Wound, per-
foration, t. causis, see burn. t. punctura, a puncture,
t. vulnus, a wound.

Tretop's test for albumin in urine. Four or 5 Cc.
of fresh urine are heated in a test-tube nearly to boil-
ing-point, and a few drops of 40% formalin added
after it is removed from the flame. Any albumin in
the urine is coagulated like the white of an egg, and
accumulates on the surface and walls of the tube.

Treves' bloodless fold [Sir Frederick Treves, Eng-
lish surgeon, 1853- ]• The ileoappendicular fold.
A quadrilateral fold of the peritoneum attached by
its upper border. to the ileum, opposite the mesenteric
attachment, and by its lower border to the mesoap-
pendix or to the appendix itself . The outer or right
border is attached to the inner aspect of the cecum
as far down as the appendix, the left or inner concave
margin being free.
. tri- [rpels, or ires, three]. A prefix denoting three.

triacetate (tri-as'-e-tat). An acetate containing
three molecules of the acetic-acid radical.

triacetin (tri-as'-et-in) [tres, three; acetum, vinegar],
CsH5(C2H302)3. An oily liquid found in cod-liver
oil, in some of the fats, in the oil of Euonymus europce-
us and in a mixture of glycerin and glacial acetic acid.

triacid (tri-as'-id) [tri-; acidum, acid]. Of an al-
cohol, containing three atoms of rrydrogen replaceable
by a base.

triacol (tri'-ak-ol). Trade name of a preparation
containing sodium, potassium and ethyl -morphine
salts of guaiacol-sulphonic acid: used in phthisis and
other chronic lung affections.

triad (tri' -ad). See under quantivalence. t., Hut-
chinson's, the combination of notched teeth, inter-
stitial keratitis and otitis, found in subjects of heredi-
tary syphilis.

triakaidekaphobia (tri-a-ki-dek-af-o'-be-ah) [rpiaic-
aldeKa, thirteen; <j>6{ios, fear]. Insane fear of the num-
ber thirteen.

trial (tri'-al) [Fr., trier, .to try]. The act of trying
or testing, t.-case, a box of lenses for testing and
estimating the refraction of the eye, containing bi-
biconvex, biconcave, cylindrical, prismatic, and other
lenses, t.-frame, a spectacle-frame into which the
trial-lenses may be slipped, t.-glasses or t.-lenses, a
graduated set of concave, convex, cylindrical, and pris-
matic lenses used in testing vision. See spectacle-
lenses, t.-jar, a jar in which. mixed liquids are allowed,
to stand in order that they may separate by gravity.

triallylamine (tri-al-il-am'^in). A volatile base
having the formula (CsHg^N-, j

triamine (tri-am'-in). A compound derived from
three molecules of ammonia in which the hydrogen
has in part or wholly been replaced by bases.

triangle (tri'-ang-gl) [tri-; angulus, an angle]. A
figure having three sides and three angles, t. of Bry-
ant. See t., iliofemoral, t., carotid, inferior, a tri-
angle located in the neck; it is bounded in front by the
median line of the neck, behind by the anterior margin
of the sternomastoid, and above by the anterior belly
of the omohyoid. Its floor is formed by the longus
colli below and the scalenus anticus above. The com-
mon carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve,
superficialis colli nerve, a branch of the communi-
cans noni, the inferior thyroid artery, the recurrent
laryngeal nerve, the sympathetic nerve, the trachea,
thyroid gland, and larynx are the important struc-
tures within it. Syn., triangle of necessity, t., caro-
tid, superior, a triangle located in the neck; it is
bounded behind by the sternomastoid, in front by
the anterior belly of the omohyoid, and above by the
posterior belly of the digastric. Its floor is formed by
the thyrohoid, hyoglossus, and inferior and middle
constrictors of the pharynx. The most important
structures contained within it are the common carotid
artery and its bifurcation into the external and in-
ternal carotids, the superior thyroid artery, the lin-
gual artery, the facial artery, the occipital and ascend-
ing laryngeal arteries, the internal jugular vein, and
the veins corresponding to the arteries mentioned,
the descendens noni, hypoglossal, pneumogastric,
sympathetic, spinal accessory, superior laryngeal, and
external laryngeal nerves. Syn., triangle of election.
t., cephalic, a triangle on the anteroposterior plane of
the skull, bounded by lines joining the occiput with
the forehead and with the chin and a line joining the
latter two. t., digastric. See t., submaxillary, t. of
elbow, a triangle lying in front of the elbow with the

TRIANGLE

903

TRICHATROPHIA

base directed upward toward the humerus, and boun-
ded externally by the supinator longus and internally
by the pronator radii teres. Its floor is formed by the
brachialis anticus and supinator brevis. Its con-
tents are the brachial artery and veins, the radial and
ulnar arteries, the median and musculospiral nerves,
and the tendon of the biceps, t. of election. See t.,
carotid, superior, t., extravesical. See Pawlik's
triangle, t., fascial, a triangle formed by lines
uniting the basion with the alveolar and nasal points
and a line joining the latter two. t., frontal, a tri-
angle bounded by the maximum frontal diameter and
lines joining its extremities and the glabella, t. of
Hesselbach. See Hesselbach's triangle, t., hypo-
glossohyoid, a triangular space in the lateral sub-
hyoid region, limited above by the hypoglossal nerve,
in front by the posterior border of the mylohyoid
muscle, behind and below by the tendon of the digas-
tric muscle. The area is occupied by the hyoglossal
muscle, which covers the lingual artery, t., iliofemo-
ral, a triangle located at the hip. Its hypothenuse is
formed by Nelaton's line, a second side by the con-
tinuation outward of a line drawn through the two
superior iliac spines, and the third by a line drawn at
right angles to this form the summit of the greater
trochanter, t., inferior occipital, a triangle having
the bimastoid diameter for its base and the inion for
its apex, t., infraclavicular, a triangle situated below
the clavicle; it is bounded above by the clavicle, below
and to the inner side by the upper border of the great
pectoral muscle, and to the outer side by the anterior
border of the deltoid. It contains the axillary artery.
t., inguinal. Same as t., Scarpa's, t., interde-
ferential. See trigone, t. of Lesser, a triangle
located in the neck. Its boundaries are as follows:
at its upper border, the hypoglossal nerve; the
two sides are formed by the anterior and poste-
rior bellies of the digastric muscle. It is covered by
the skin, superficial and deep fascia, and apex of the
submaxillary gland. The floor is formed by the hyo-
glossus muscle. It contains the ranine vein arid hypo-
glossal nerve, t., lumbocostoabdominal, a triangle
bounded anteriorly by the external oblique, superiorly
by the lower border of the serratus posticus inferior
and the point of the twelfth rib, posteriorly by the
outer edge of the erector spina?, and inferiorly by the
internal oblique, t., Malgaigne's. See t., carotid,
superior, t., mylohyoid, the space bounded by the
mylohyoid and the two bellies of the digastric, t.
of necessity. Same as t., carotid, inferior, t. of the
neck, anterior, a triangle bounded anteriorly by a line
extending from the chin to the sternum, posteriorly
by the anterior margin of the sternomastoid, the base
being formed by the lower border of the body of the
inferior maxilla and a continuation of this line to the
mastoid process of the temporal bone. It is subdivi-
ded into three smaller triangles by the digastric mus-
cle above and the anterior belly of the omohyoid be-
low. These are named from below upward the in-
ferior carotid, the superior carotid, and the submax-
illary, t. of the neck, posterior, a triangle bounded
anteriorly by the sternomastoid muscle, posteriorly
by the anterior margin of the trapezius; the base is
formed by the upper border of the clavicle; the apex
corresponds to the occiput. It is divided by the
posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle into two tri-
angles, the occipital or upper, and the subclavian or
lower, t., occipital, a triangle with the following
boundaries: anteriorly, the sternomastoid muscle;
posteriorly, the trapezius; and below, the omohyoid
muscle. Its important contents are the spinal ac-
cessory nerve, the ascending and descending branches
of the cervical plexus, and the transversalis colli
artery and vein, t., omoclavicular. Same as t., sub-
clavian, q. v. t., omohyoid. Same as t., superior
carotid, t., omotracheal. See t., carotid inferior, t.,
palatal, a triangle having the width of the palate as
its base and the alveolar point as its apex. t. of Petit.
See Petit's triangle, t., pubourethral, a triangle sit-
uated in the perineum. Its boundaries are exter-
nally the bulbocavernosus muscle, and posteriorly
the transversus perinan. t., Scarpa's, a triangle lo-
cated in the proximal third of the thigh. The boun-
daries are, externally, the sartorius muscle; internally,
the adductor longus muscle, and above, Poupart's
ligament. Its important contents are the femoral
artery and vein, the anterior crural nerve, and the
crural branch of the genitocrural nerve, ts., Simon's,
the groin, the internal face of the thighs, and the
hypogastric region form the femoral triangle of Simon;

the surface of the axilla, the pectoral region, and the
inner aspect of the arm, the brachial triangle of Simon.
t., subclavian, a triangle bounded above by the pos-
terior belly of the omohyoid muscle, below by the
upper border of the clavicle. Its base is formed by
the sternomastoid muscle. It contains the subclavian
artery and occasionally the vein, the brachial plexus
of nerves, the suprascapular vessels, the transversalis
colli artery and vein, and the external jugular vein,
t., submaxillary, a triangle formed above by the lower
border of the body of the inferior maxilla and a con-
tinuation of this line to the mastoid process of the
temporal bone, below by the posterior belly of the
digastric and the stylohyoid muscle, and anteriorly
by the middle line of the neck. It contains the sub-
maxillary gland, the facial artery and vein, the sub-
mental artery, the mylohyoid artery and nerve, and
the stylomaxillary ligament, behind which is the ex-
ternal carotid artery, t., suboccipital, a triangle in
the posterior part of the neck, formed by the rectus
capitis posticus major and superior and inferior ob-
lique muscles, and containing the vertebral artery.
t., suprameatal. See Macewen's triangle, t., sur-
gical, a triangular space containing important vessels
and nerves which may require to be operated upon.
t., vesical, a triangle at the base of the bladder — the
trigonum of the urinary bladder. The apex is at the
beginning of the urethra, and the other two angles at
the orifices of the ureters.

triangular (tri-ang'-gu-lar) [triangle]. Having three
sides or angles, as the triangular ligament.

triangularis (tri-ang-gu-la'-ris). A triangular mus-
cle. See under muscle.

triatomic (tri-at-om'-ik) [tri-; atom], i. Consisting
of three atoms. 2. Having three atoms of replaceable
hydrogen.

tribade (trib'-ad) [tribadism]. 1. One who indulges
in tribadism. 2. The active agent in tribadism.

tribadism itrib' -ad-izm) [rpi$u.v, to rub]. Unnat-
ural sexual relations between women, produced by
friction of the genitals.

tribasic (tri-ba'-sik) [tri-; basis, a base]. Having
three hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases.

tribrachius (tri-bra'-ke-us) [tri-; fipaxloy, arm].
A monster with three arms.

tribromaniline (tri-bro-man'-il-in) , CeH4Br3N. Col-
orless needles obtained from aniline by action of
bromine, t. hydrobromide. See bromamide.

tribromhydrin (tri-brom-hi'-drin). See allyl tri-
bromide.

tribromide (tri-brom'-td) [tri-; bromide]. A com-
pound of bromine containing three atoms of bromine
in the molecule.

tribrommethane (tri-brom-meth'-an) [tri-; bromine;
methane], Bromoform.

tribromobenzol (tri-bro-mo-ben'-zol) CeHsBn. A
bromine substitution-product of benzene.

tribromosalol, tribromsalol (tri-bro-mo-sa'-lol, tri-
brom-sa'-lol), CeHs . CvHiBrsOs. A crystalline sub-
stance used as an intestinal antiseptic and hypnotic.

tribromphenol (tri-brom-fe'-nol) [tri-; Ppapos,
stench; phenol], CeH-BrsOH. A substance produced
by the reaction of phenol with bromine. It is anti-
septic, especially for the intestinal tract. Dose 1-4
gr. (0.06-0.26 Gm.). t.-bismuth, xeroform.

tribromphenyl salicylate (tri-brom-fen'-il). Tri-
bromsalol.

tributum (trib-u' -turn) [tribuere, to render]. A
tribute, t. lunare. Synonym of menstruation.

tricalcic (tri-kal'-sik) [tri-; calcium]. Containing
three atoms of calcium.

tricaudalis (tri-kaw-da'-lis) [tri-; cauda, a tail].
The retrahens aurem muscle; so-called because it is
composed of three slips.

tricellular (tri-sel '-u-lar) [tri-; cellula, a cell].
Having three cells.

tricephalus (tri-sef'-al-us) [tri-; Ke<t>aKij, head].
A monster with three heads.

triceps (tri'-seps) [tri-; caput, head]. Three-
headed; a muscle having three heads. See under
muscle.

trich-, tricho- (trik-, trik-o-) [9pi%, a hair]. A
prefix signifying pertaining to a hair.

trichangeia (trik-an-ji'-ah) [trich-; ayyelov, a
vessel]. The capillary blood-vessels.

trichangeiectasis (trik-an-je-ek-ta'-sis) [trichangeia ;
eKraais, extension]. Dilatation of the capillaries.

trichatrophia (trik-at-ro'-fe-ah) [trich-; atrophy].
A brittle state of the hair from atrophy of the hair-
bulbs.

TRICHAUXIS

904

TRICHOPHAGY

trichauxis (trik-awks'-is) [trich-; aG£ij«r«, increase].
Hypertrichiasis.

trichesthesia, trichaesthesia (trik-es-the'-ze-ah)
[trich-; aladrjau, sensibility], i. A peculiar form of
tactile sensibility in regions covered with hairs. 2. See
trichoesthesia..

trichiasis (trik-i'-as-is) [0pi'£, a hair]. A state of
abnormal position of the eyelashes, so that they
produce irritation by friction upon the globe, t. of
the anus, an incurvation of the hairs about the anus*
so that they irritate the mucous membrane.

Trichina (trik-i'-nah) [0pi£, a hair]. A genus of
nematode worms, of which one species, T. spiralis, is
parasitic in the hog and at times in man. See
trichinosis.

Trichinella spiralis (trik-in-el'-ah spi-ra'-lis). Same
as Trichina spiralis.

trichiniasis {trik-in-i'-as-is). See trichinosis.
trichiniferous (Jtrik-in-if'-er-us) [trich-; ferre, to
bear]. _ Containing trichina?.

trichinization (Jtrik-in-iz-a'-shun). Infestation with
trichinae.

trichinophobia (trik-i-no-fo'-be-ah) [trichina; <f>6f}os,
fear]. Morbid fear of trichinosis.

trichinoscope (trik-i'-no-skop). A microscope for
the detection of Trichina spiralis.

trichinosis (Jtrik-in-o'-sis) [trichina], A disease
produced by the ingestion of pork containing Trichina
spiralis. It is characterized by nausea, vertigo,
fever, diarrhea, prostration, stiffness and painful
swelling of the muscles, edema of the face, and in
some cases perspiration, insomnia, and delirium.

trichinotic (trik-in-ot'-ik) [trich-; voaos, disease].
Pertaining to or affected with trichinosis.

trichinous {trik'-in-us) [trichina]. Infested with
or containing trichina?.

trichismus (trik-iz'-mus) [6p%, a hair]. 1. A
scarcely perceptible fracture. 2. A capillary fissure
or crack.

trichitis (trik-i'-tis) [trich-; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the hair-bulbs.

trichiurus (Jtrik-e-u' -rus) . The trichocephalus or
threadworm.

trichloracetic acid (tri-klor-as-e'-tik). See acid,
trichloracetic.

trichloraldehyde {tri-klor-aV -de-hid) . Chloral .
trichlorhydrin (tri-klor-hi'-drin), C3H5CI3. A color-
less oily liquid with odor of alcohol.

trichloride (tri-klor'-id) [tri-; chloride], A com-
pound containing chlorine in the proportion of three
atoms to one of the base.

trichlorme thane (tri-klor-meth'-an). Chloroform,
trichloropropane (tri-klor-o-pro'-pan). Same as
trichlorhydrin.

trichloroquinone {tri-klo-ro-kwin'-on), C6HCI3O2.
A crystalline substance obtained from a sulphuric-
acid solution of phenol by action of potassium chlorate
withHCl.

trichlorphenol (Jtri-klor-fe'-nol) [tri-; xKupfc, green;
phenol], CeHzChCOH). A derivative of phenol used
as a disinfectant.
tricho-. See trich-.
trichoesthesia. See trichoesthesia.
trichobacteria (trik-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [tricho-; bac-
teria). 1, Flagellate bacteria. 2. Filamentous bacteria.
trichobezoar (trik-o-be'-zo-ar) [tricho-; bezoar].
A hair ball or concretion in the stomach or intestine.
See egagropilus.

trichocardia (trik-o-kar'-de-ah) [tricho-; KapSia,
heart]. Inflammation of the pericardium with
pseudomembranous elevations.

trichocephaliasis (trik-o-sef-al-i'-as-is) [trichoceph-
alus]. The diseased condition produced by thread-
worms.

Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef'-al-us) [tricho-; k€<j>o\ti,
head]. A genus of nematode worms, the thread-
worms. T. dispar, a variety parasitic in the intestine,
especially the large intestine. T. trichiuris. Same
as T. dispar.

trichocirsus (trik-o-sir'-sus) [tricho-; Kipabs, a
varix]. Abnormal capillary dilatation.

trichoclasis, trichoclasia (trik-ok' -las-is, trik-o-kla'-
ze-ah). See trichorrhexis nodosa.

trichocryptosis (Jtrik-o-trip-to'-sis) [trich-; Kpvirros,
hidden]. Any disease of the hair-follicles.

trichocyst (trik'-o-sisl) [trich-; kvo-tis, bladder].
In biology, a small vesicle containing a thread, which
can be shot out rapidly, like the nematocyst of a
ccelenterate, and found in the ectoplasm of the
Infusoria and in some of the Flagellata.

trichodangeia (trik-od->an'-je-ah) [tpix&Stjs, hair-
like; byyeiov, vessel; pi. of trichodangeium]. A term
synonymous with capillaries.

trichodangeitis {trik-od-an-je-i'-tis) [tpix&8t)s, hair-
like; &yy eiov, vessel; iris, inflammation]. Capillary
inflammation.

trichodarteria (trik-od-ar-te'-re-ah) [rpix^s, hair-
like; &pT7)pla, an artery]. An arteriole.

trichodarteriitis (trik-od-ar-ter-e-i'-tis) [tricho-; &prr}-
pia, artery; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
arterioles.

trichodophlebitis (Jtrik-od-o-fleb-i'-tis) [rpix^Srjs,
hair-like; <j>\ty, p. vein; ins, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the venules.

trichoepithelioma (Jtrik-o-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [tricho-;
epithelioma]. A skin-tumor originating in the hair-
follicles.

trichoesthesia, tricho aesthesia (trik-o-es-the'-ze-ah)
[tricho- ; atadrjais, sensibility] . The sensation perceived
when a hair is touched.

trichoesthesiometer (trik-o-es-the-ze-om'-et-ur)

[tricho-; atadrjais, sensibility; p.krpov, measure]. An
electrical appliance for determining the sensibility of
the hair.

trichogen {trik'-o-jen) [tricho-; ytwav, to produce].
A substance that stimulates the growth of the hair.

trichogenous (trik-oj'-en-us) [tricho-; yevvav, to
produce]. Encouraging the growth of hair.

trichoglossia (Jtrik-o-glos'-e-ah) [tricho-; yKUxnra,
tongue]. Hairy tongue, a thickening of the papilla?,
producing an appearance as if the tongue were
covered with hair.

trichohyaline (trik-o-hi'-al-in) [tricho-; hyaline].
The hyaline of the hair; it is like keratohyaline.

trichoid (Jtrik'-oid) [tricho-; el8os, like]. Resembling
hair.

tricholabis, tricholabium (Jtrik-ol'-ab-is, trik-o-W-
be-um) [tricho-; Xa^rj, a handle]. Tweezers for
pulling out hairs.

tricholith (Jtrik'-o-lith) [tricho-; \lffos, a stone].
A hairy concretion.

trichologia (Jtrik-o-lo'-je-ah) [tricho-; \kyuv, to pick
out]. 1. Carphologia; floccitation. 2. The plucking
out of one's hair.

trichology (trik-ol'-o-je) [tricho-; X670S, science],
1. The science of the hair and its diseases. 2. Tri-
chologia.

trichoma (trik-o'-mah) [rpix^fia, a growth of hair].
1. Trichoma tosis. 2. Trichiasis.

trichomania. See trichotillomania.

trichomaphyte (trik-o'-maf-it) [rplx^iio-, a growth
of hair; <pvr6v, a plant]. A cryptogamic growth
which was formerly thought to be the cause of
trichomatosis.

trichomatose (trik-o'-mat-os) [rplx^^a., a growth
of hair]. Matted together.

trichomatosis (trik-o-mat-o'-sis) [see trichomatose].
An affection of the hair characterized by a matted
condition due to fungoid growths. See plica polonica.

Trichomonas (trik-om'-o-nas) [tricho-; iiov&f, a
monad], A genus of infusorians. T. intestinalis, is
found in the feces in some cases of diarrhea, enteritis,
and typhoid. T. vaginalis, a species occasionally
found in the vagina.

trichomyces (Jtrik-om'-is-ez) [tricho-; ubictis, a mush-
room]. Synonym of trichophyton.

trichomycosis (trik-o-mi-ko'-sis) [tricho-; mycosis],
A disease of the hair produced by a vegetable para-
site, t. barbae. Synonym of sycosis parasitaria.
t. capillitii. Synonym of t. circinata. t. circinata,
ringworm of the scalp, produced by the Trichophyton
tonsurans, t. favosa. See favus. t. nodosa, a
peculiar condition, generally nodose in character,
affecting the hairs of the axilla and scrotum, and
due to the growth and encapsulation in the cortical
layers of the shaft of a small rod-shaped bacterium,
t., palmellina, a disease affecting the hairy parts of
the trunk; t. nodosa, t. pustulosa, a pustular, para-
sitic disease affecting hairy regions.

trichonosis, trichonosus (trik-on'-o-sis, trik-on'-
o-sus) [tricho-; voaos, disease]. Any disease of the
hair. t. cana. See canities, t. discolor. See
canities, t. furfuracea. Synonym of tinea tonsurans.
t. versicolor. See ringed hair.

trichopathic (Jtri-ko-path'-ik) [tricho-; iraBos, dis-
ease]. Relating to disease of the hair.

trichopathy (trik-op'-ath-e) [tricho-; iraBos, disease].
Any disease of the hair.

trichophagy, trichophagia {trik-of-aj-e, trik-o-fa -
je-ah). The eating of hair.

TRICHOPHOBIA

905

TRIGONE

trichophobia (trik-o-fo'-be-ah) [tricho-; 06/Sos, fear].
Morbid fear of hair.

trichophytic (trik-of-it'-ik). i. Relating to the*
genus Trichophyton. 2. [<t>veiv, to grow.] Promoting
the growth of hair. 3. An agent promoting the
growth of hair.

trichophytinous (trik-off-it-i'-nus) [tricho-; <pvr6v,
a plant]. Pertaining to the presence of Trichophyton
tonsurans.

Trichophyton (tri-kof'-it-on) [tricho-; <j>vt6i>, a plant].
A fungus parasitic upon the hair, and causing tinea
trichophytina, or ring-worm. T. tonsurans, the cause
of tinea tonsurans.

trichophytosis (tri-koff-it-o'-sis) [tricho-; <}>vt6v,
a plant]. A contagious disease of the skin and
hair, occurring most often in children, due to the
invasion of the epidermis by the trichophy ton-fungus,
and characterized by the formation of circular or
annular, scaly patches and partial loss of hair. See
tinea, t. barbae. Synonym of dermatomycosis macu-
lo-vesiculosa. t. cruris. Synonym of marginal
eczema.

trichopoliosis (trik-o-pol-e-o'-sis) [tricho- ; wo\iova9ai,
to become gray]. Synonym of canities.

trichoptilosis (trik-op-lil-o'-sis). Synonym of
trichorrhexis nodosa.

trichorrhea trichorrhoea (trik-or-e'-ah) [tricho- ; poia,
a flow]. Rapid loss of the hair.

trichorrhexis (trik-or-eks'-is) [tricho-; pt?£is, a
breaking]. Brittleness of the hair. t. nodosa, an
atrophic condition of the hair, affecting more often
the male beard, and characterized by irregular
thickenings resembling nodes on the hair-shaft, the
hairs often breaking with a "green-stick fracture"
immediately through a node.

trichoschisis (trik-os'-kis-is) [tricho-; <rx&r«, a
splitting]. The splitting of the hair.

trichoscopy (trik-os'-ko-pe) [tricho-; cicoireiv, to
examine]. The examination of the hair.

trichosis (Jtrik-o'-sis) [6pl£, hair; voaos, disease].
Any morbid affection of the hair. t. athrix. Syno-
nym of alopecia. # t. decolor, morbid discoloration
of the hair. t. distrix. Synonym of trichoptilosis.
t. hirsuties. Same as hirsuties. t. plica. See plica
polonica and trichomatosis. t. poliosis. See canities.
t. sensitiva, a sensitive state of the scalp; any
manipulation causing pain. t. setosa, a disease in
which the hair grows thick, rigid, and bristly.

trichostereticus (trik-o-ster-et'-ik-us) [tricho-; <rrepr]-
twcos, depriving]. Causing loss of hair.

trichosyphilis (trik-o-sif'-il-is) [tricho-; syphilis].
Any syphilitic disease, or affection of the hair.

trichosyphilosis (Jtrik-o-sif-il-o'-sis). Synonym of
trichosyphilis.

Trichothecium (trik-o-the'-se-um) [tricho-; 017(07,
a chest]. A vegetable parasite of the hair. T.
roseum, a fungous growth found in the ear.

trichotillomania (trik-o-til-o-ma'-ne-ah) [tricho- ;
riKXeiv, to pluck out; pavla, madness]. An un-
controllable impulse to pull out one's hair.

trichotomy {tri-kof -o-me) [rpixo., in three; Top.ii, a
cutting off]. Division into three parts.

trichotoxicon (trik-o-toks'-i-kon) [tricho-; to£ik6v,
a poison]. A supposed toxin, existing in respired
air, which, when introduced into the blood, exerts a
poisonous action upon the hair, thus causing alopecia.

trichotoxin (trik-o-toks'-in). A cytotoxin obtained
by E. Metchnikoff from the ciliated epithelia.

trichroic (tri-kro'-ik) [trichroism]. Possessing
trichroism.

trichroism (tri'-kro-izm) [tri-; yjpba, color]. The
property of exhibiting three different colors when
viewed under three different aspects.

trichromat (tri-kro'-mat) [rpels, three; xpvpa,
color]. Persons for whom the end regions of the
spectrum are of constant hue and differ only in
intensity. Just inside of each end region there is
an intermediate region in which any color can be
produced by mixtures of the end color with the color
of the intermediate region. Between these inter-
mediate regions lies the middle region, which requires
the presence of some third color in addition to colors
from the end regions. Cf. dichromat; monochromat.

trichromatic (tri-kro-mat'-ik) [rpeis, three; xp«Ma,
color]. Having three colors.

Tnchuris (tri-ku'-ris) [trich-; olpa, tail]. A genus
of trematodes. T. trichiura, the Trichocephalus
dispar, q. v.

bicipital (tri-sip'-it-al) [triceps, three-headed].
1. Three-headed. 2. Pertaining to the triceps.

tricorn (tri'-korn) [tri-; cornu, horn]. A lateral
ventricle of the brain.

tricornis (tri-kor'-nis) [tri-; cornu, horn]. Having
three horns or processes or prominences; a name
applied to each of the lateral ventricles of the brain.

tricornute (tri-kor'-nut) [tres, three; cornutus,
horned]. In biology, having three horn-like appen-
dages.

tricresol, trikresol (tri-kre'-sol). A refined mixture
of metacresol, 40 %; paracresol, 33%; orthocresol,
27 %; soluble in 40 parts of water. It has three
times the germicidal value of phenol.

trier esolamine {tri-kres-ol-am'-in). A solution
containing 2 % each of ethylenediamine and tricresol;
it is a clear, colorless, alkaline liquid turning yellow
on exposure. It is stronger and less irritating than
tricresol.

tricrotic (tri-krot'-ik) [tri-; «p6ros, stroke]. Having
three waves corresponding to one pulse-beat; ex-
hibiting tricrotism.

tricrotism (tri'-krot-izm) [see tricrotic]. The quality
of being tricrotic.

tricrotous (tri'-kro-tus) [rpels, three; kpotos, stroke].
Same as tricrotic.

tricuspid (tri-kus'-pid) [tri-; cuspis, a point].
1. Having three cusps, as the tricuspid valve. 2.
Affecting or produced at the tricuspid valve.

tridactyl (tri-dak'-til) [rpels, three; 8clktv\os, finger].
Having three digits.

tridymus (trid'-im-us) [rpidvpios]. Synonym of
triplet.

trielcon (tri-el'-kon) [tri-; e\Ketv, to draw]. A
three-pronged instrument for extracting bullets or
other foreign bodies from the body.

triencephalus {tri-en-sef -al-us) [rpels, three; eyKe<f>-
oXos, brain]. A fetal monster without smell, hear-
ing, or sight.

triethylamine (tri-eth-il-am'-in) [tri-; ethyl; amine],
CeHisN. A ptomaine obtained from putrid haddock.

trifacial nerve (tri-fa'-shal) [tri-; fades, face].
The fifth cranial nerve, so-called because it divides
into three main branches that supply the face.

triferrin (tri-fer'-in). See iron paranucleinate.

trifid {tri' -fid) [tres, three; finder e, to cleave].
Threecleft.

trifiagellate (tri-flaj'-el-at) [tres, three; flagellum,
a whip]. Having three flagella; trimastigate.

trifolium (tri-fo'-le-um) [tri- ; folium, leaf]. Clover,
t. pratense (common red clover) is vaunted in the
treatment of whooping-cough .syphilis, and carcinoma.

triiormal (tri-form'-al). See formalin.

triformol (tri-for'-mol). Same as paraform.

trigastric (tri-gas'-trik) [rpels, three; ypo-rvp, belly].
Having three fleshy bellies (as certain muscles).

trigemin (tri-jem'-in). A substance obtained from
pyramidon by action of butyl-chloral hydrate,
forming white needles soluble in water; antineuralgic.
Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.).

trigeminal (tri-jem'-in-al) [tri-; geminus, twin-
born]. 1. Triple; dividing into three parts, as the
trigeminal nerve. 2. Pertaining to the trigeminal
nerve. See trifacial.

trigeminus {tri-jem'-in-us) [see trigeminal]. The
trifacial nerve.

trigger (trig'-er). A device by means of which a
catch or spring is released, t.-area, a sensitive region
of the body, irritation of which may give rise to
certain peculiar phenomena, either physiological or
pathological, in some part of the body, t.-finger,
a condition in which flexion or extension of a finger
is at first obstructed, but finally accomplished with a
jerk or sweep, t. knee, a condition characterized
by a sudden arrest of the movement of the knee
during flexion or extension; this arrest is followed
by a sudden jerking and lateral movement of the
leg and the production of a clicking sound. It is
apparently due to laxity of the joint capsule, t.-ma-
terial, an apheter; any theoretical catastatic sub-
stance whose sudden breaking up communicates an
explosive decomposition to the protoplasm directly
concerned in any function. The trigger-material
itself must be acted upon by another trigger-ma-
terial; and thus every nerve-impulse and every
functional act must be accompanied by the destruc-
tion of a fuse-like train of protoplasm. See apheter.

trigocephalus (tri-go-sef' -al-us). See trigonoceph-
aly.

trigonal (trig'-o-nal) [rpels, three; yuvla, angle].
Same as trigonous.

trigone (tri'-gon) [tri-; ymvia, angle]. Triangle.

TRIGONELLA

906

TRIOTUS

See trigonum. t. of the bladder, a smooth triangular
space on the inside of the bladder, immediately
behind the orifice of the urethra, t., olfactory, the
gray root of origin of the olfactory tract.

Trigonella (tri-go-nel'-ah) [rpiywvos, three-cornered].
A genus of Leguminosa. T. elatior, a variety r the
seeds of which have been used in affections of the
bladder and as poultices. T. foenum graecum, a
variety used in plasters and salves and in veterinary
medicine. T. monspeliaca, a variety a decoction of
the seeds of which is used by the Italians in various
forms of diarrhea.

trigonitis (tri-go-ni'-tis) [trigonum; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the trigonum vesica?.

trigonocephalic (trig-o-no-sef -al' -ik) [rplyuvos, three
cornered; Ke<j>a\i), head]. Pertaining to trigono-
cephaly.

trigonocephalus (trig-o-no-sef ' -al-us) [rpiyovos, three
cornered; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. A triangular shaped skull
with the small end anterior, due to a premature
union of the coronal suture.

trigonocephaly (trig-o-no-sef -al-e) [rplyuvos, three
cornered; ice<pa\r), head]. A deformity of the skull
produced by a premature union of the medio-frontal
or metopic suture. See trigonocephalus.

trigonum (Jtri-go'-num) [rpiyuvos, three cornered].
A triangle; also the interpeduncular space; and see
trigone, t. acustici, a three-cornered space on the
dorsal surface of the medulla, t. cerebrale. Syno-
nym of fornix cerebri, t. cervicale, the base of the
dorsal gray cornu of the spinal cord. t. clavipectorale,
a triangle of the chest. Its boundaries are the
clavicle, the pectoralis minor muscle, and the thorax.
t. collaterals a triangular area at the junction of the
posterior and inferior horns of the lateral ventricles,
t. colli medianum, relating to the space occupied by
the two anterior triangles of the neck. t. coraco-
acromiale, a triangular space whose boundaries are
the coracoid process, the apex of the acromion, and
the concave border of the clavicle, t. deltoid-
eopectorale, the infraclavicular fossa, t. dorsale,
the space between the anterior pair of the corpora
quadrigemina. t. femorale, Scarpa's triangle, t.
fluctuans, the posterior cerebral commissure, t.
habenulae, the triangular space behind the upper
surface of the optic thalamus, in front of the lamina
quadrigemina, and between the sulcus habenulae
and the sulcus subpinealis. t. hypoglossi, a tri-
angular space on the dorsal surface of the oblongata.
Its boundaries are, above, the striae medullares
acusticae, internally, the posterior longitudinal fissure,
and, externally, the ala cinerea. t. inferius com-
missurae posterioris, the lower triangular half of the
posterior commissure of the brain, t. lemnisci, the
fillet, t. lumbale. See Petit' s triangle, t. olfac-
torium. See Broca's olfactory area. t. pensile, the
posterior cerebral commissure, t. vagi, a small,
triangular space on the medulla oblongata, marking
the origin of the vagus nerve, t. ventriculi lateralis,
a triangular projection located between the entrances
to the posterior and descending horns of the lateral
ventricle, t. vesicae, the triangular surface of the
bladder immediately behind the urethral orifice.

trihydrate (tri-hi'-drat) [tri- ; hydrate]. A compound
containing the hydroxyl-radical in the proportion
of three to one atom of the base.

trihydric (tri-hi'-drik) [tri-; hydric]. Containing
three atoms of hydrogen replaceable by bases.

trihydroxide (tri-hi-droks'-id). See trihydrate.

triiniodymus (tri-in-e-od' -im-us) [rpels, three;
iviov, the nape of the neck; 8i8vp.os, double]. A
monster having three heads united posteriorly and
attached to a single body.

triiodide (tri-i'-o-did) [tri-; iodide]. A compound
containing iodine in the proportion of three atoms
to one of the base.

triiodocresol (tri-i-o-do-kre' -sol) . See losophan.

triiodomethane (tri-i-o-do-meth'-an). Iodoform.

triketohydrindenhydrate (tri-ke-to-hi-drin-den-hi'-
drat). Same as ninhydrin, q. v.

trikresol (tri-kre'-sol). See tricresol.

trilabe (tri' -lab) [tri-; \ap.fiaveiv, to grasp]. A
three-pronged instrument for withdrawing small
calculi or other foreign bodies from the bladder,
through the urethral passage.

trilaminar (tri-lam' -in-ar) [tri-; lamina, plate].
In biology, three-layered.

trilateral (tri-laf -er-al) [tri-; lalus, a side]. Having
three sides.

trilaurin (tri-law' -rin) . A crystalline glyceride
found in cocoanut oil and some other oils.

trilinolein (tri-lin-o'-le-in). A glyceride contained
in linseed oil, hempseed oil, sunflower oil, etc.

trilliin (tril'-e-in) [trillium]. A precipitate from a
tincture of the root of Trillium pendulum, styptic,
tonic, expectorant, antiseptic, and emmenagogue.
Dose, 2 to 4 grains. See beth-root.

trillin (iril'-in). An alcoholic extract of Trillium
erectum; it is astringent, tonic and expectorant.

trilobate (tri-lo'-bat, or tri'-lo-bat) [tri-; lobatus,
lobed]. In biology, three-lobed.

trilobed (tri'-lobd). Same as trilobate.

trilocular (tri-lok'-u-lar) [tres, three; loculus, cell].
In biology, having three chambers or cells.

trimanual [tri-; manus, a hand]. Pertaining to a
maneuver accomplished by the aid of three hands.

trimastigate (tri-mas' -tig-at) [rpels, three; pdo-Ti£,
whip, scourge]. In biology, having three flagella;
triflagellate.

trimercuric (tri-mer-ku'-rik) [tres, three; mercury].
Containing three atoms of bivalent mercury.

trimester (tri-mes'-ter) [trimestris, of three months].
A stage or period of three months.

trimethyl (tri-meth'-il) [tres, three; methyl]. The
chemical group (CH3)3.

trimethylamine (tri-meth-il-am'in) [tri-; methyl;
amine]. (CH3)3N. A colorless liquid ptomaine ob-
tained from herring-brine and various animal and
vegetable substances.

trimethylenediamine (tri-meth-il- en-di-am'-in)

[tri-; methylene; diamine]. A ptomaine obtained
from cultures of the comma bacillus on beef-broth.
It causes convulsions and muscle- tremor.

trimethylxanthine (tri-meth-il-zan'-tkin). See caf-
feine.

trimorphic (tri-mor'-fik). Same as trimorphous.

trimorphism (tri-mor'-fizm) [rpels, three; nop<f>ri,
form], i. In biology, a term used to indicate the
fact that hermaphrodite flowers of three different
kinds, short-styled, mid-styled, and long-styled,
are produced on the same species of plant. 2. Exist-
ing under three distinct forms, as certain insects.
. trimorphous (tri-morf'-us) [rpels, three; y-op<pr\,
form]. Pertaining to trimorphism.

trineuric (tri-nu'-rik) [tri-; vevpov, nerve]. Applied
to a nerve-cell provided with three neuraxons.

trinitrate (tri-ni'-trat) [tri-; nitrate]. A nitrate
containing three nitric-acid radicals.

trinitrin (tri-ni'-trin). See nitroglycerin.

trinitrocellulose (tri-ni-tro-seV -u-los) . See pyroxy-
lin.

trinitrocresol (tri-ni-tro-kre'-sol), C7H5N3O7. Anti-
septic crystals, obtained from nitration of coal-tar
cresol; antiseptic.

trinitroglycerin (tri-ni-tro-glis'-er-in). Nitroglyc-
erin.

trinitrol (tri-ni'-trol). Erythrol nitrate, similar to
nitroglycerin.

trinitrophenol (tri-ni-tro-fe'-nol). Picric acid.

trinophenon (tri-no-fe' -non) . A remedy for burns
said to be an aqueous solution of picric acid.

triocephalus (tri-o-sef -al-us) [tri-; Ke<pa\i), head].
A monster characterized by an absence of the ocular,
nasal, and buccal apparatus, the head being merely a
small spheroidal mass.

triolein (tri-o'-le-in). See olein.

trional (tri'-on-al), C2H5CH3-C -(S02C2H5)2. Sul-
phonethyl-methane, a hypnotic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.).

trionym (tri'-o-nim) [tri-; ovop.a, name]. A name,
consisting of three terms.

triophthalmos (tri-off-thaV -mos) [tri-; 6<t>9aKp.6s,
eye]. A diprosopic monster with three eyes and
other deformities of the face and head.

triopodymus (tri-op-od' -im-us) [tri-; &\j/, the face;
Si'Sujuos, double]. A monster with three faces and
but a single head.

triorchid (tri-or'-kid) [tri-; opx<-s, a testicle]. 1.
Having three testicles. 2. An individual having
three testicles.

triorchis (tri-or'-kis) [tri-; 6px«. testicle]. An
individual that has three testicles.

triose (tri'-os). A monosaccharid containing three
carbon atoms in the molecule.

triotonol (tri-o-to'-nol). Trade name of a mixture
containing the glycerophosphates of sodium, calcium
and strychnine.

triotus (tri-o'-tus) [tri-; ovs, ear]. A diprosopic
monster with three ears, and generally with four
eyes.

TRIOXIDE

907

TRITOXIDE

trioxide (Iri-oks'-id) [tri-; oxide]. A compound
containing oxygen in the proportion of three atoms
to one of the base. ■

tripalmitin (tri-pal'-mit-in). See palmilin.

tripara (trip'-ar-ah) [tri-; parere, to bear]. A
woman who has borne three children.

tripes (tri'-pez) [L.]. i. Three-footed. 2. A mon-
ster having three feet.

tripharmacon, tripharmacum (tri-far'-mak-on, tri-
far'-mak-um) [tri-; <t>app.anov, a drug]. A medicine
made up of three ingredients.

triphasic (tri-fa'-sik). Having three phases or
variations.

triphenamine (tri-fen'-am-in). A mixture of
phenocoll, phenocoll salicylate, and phenocoll acetate;
recommended in rheumatic complaints.

triphenetolguanidin hydrochloride (tri-fen-et-ol-
gwan'-id-in) . A local anesthetic used in 0. 1 % solution
in treatment of eyes.

triphenin (tri-fen'-in). Propionyl-phenetidin, CeHU-
OC2H5NHC2H5CO, obtained by boiling paraphen-
etidin with propionic acid. It is used as an anti-
pyretic and sedative. Daily dose 46 gr. (3 Gm.);
single dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., melhyl-
phenacetin.

triphenyl albumin (tri-fen'-il). A culture-medium
made by heating dry egg-albumen with phenol.
It is odorless, tasteless, insoluble in water, alcohol,
and potassa solution, but soluble in phenol.

triphenylstibine sulphide (tri-fen-il-stib'-in). A
preparation used as a substitute for sulphur in skin
diseases. It releases sulphur in nascent condition.

triphthemia, triphthaemia (trif-the'-me-ah) [tpltttos,
rubbed, pounded ; alp,a, blood]. The retention of waste
material in the blood, t. carbonifera, that due to
excessive ingestion of carbohydrates.

Tripier's amputation (trip-e-a') [Leon Tripier,
French surgeon, 1842-1891]. One differing from
Chopart's only in that the portion of the os calcis
below the sustentaculum tali is removed.

triple (trip' -I) [L., triplex]. Threefold, t. phos-
phate, ammoniomagnesium phosphate, a phosphate
occurring in urine and in phosphatic calculi.

triplegia (tri-ple'-je-ah) [tri-; irkyvh, stroke].
Hemiplegia with the additional paralysis of one
limb on the opposite side.

triplet {trip' -let) [triple]. 1. One of three children
born at one birth. 2. In optics, a system consisting
of three lenses.

triplex (trip'-leks) [L.]. Triple, t. pills, pilulx
triplices, pills containing three principal ingredients;
pills of aloes, podophyllin and blue mass.

triploblastic (trip-lo-blas'-tik) [triple; ffkaarbs, a
germ]. Possessing three blastodermic membranes.

triplokoria (trip-lo-ko'-re-ah) [rpt7r\6oj, threefold;
Kopri, pupil]. An iris having three pupils.

triplopia (trip-W -pe-ah) [triple; ty, eye]. A
disturbance of vision in which three images of a
single object are seen.

tripod (tri'-pod) [rpLirovs, three-footed]. An object
having three legs or supports, t., anatomical, the
three piers on which the foot rests when a person
stands erect; these piers are (1) the heel, (2) the three
inner metatarsal bones, and (3) the two outer meta-
tarsals, t., Haller's, the celiac axis, t., vital, the
brain, heart, and lungs, viewed as the triple support
of life.

tripper-faden (trep'-er-fah'-den). [Germ.]. Gonor-
rheal threads. Thread-like structures seen in the
urine in gonorrhea, t.-kokken, gonococci.

triprosopus (triprro-so'-pus) [tri-; irpbvunrov, face].
A form of fetal monstrosity in which there is a fusion
of three faces in one.

tripsis (trip' -sis) [rpl^eiv, to rub]. 1. Same as
trituration. 2. Massage.

triptokoria (lript-o-ko'-re-ah) [tri-; -nlvrtiv, to fall;
Kopr], the pupil]. A condition of the iris in which
there are three distinct pupils.

tripus (tri'-pus) [tri-; irovs, foot]. Same as tripod.
t. coeliacus, the three branches of the celiac artery.

triquetrous (tri-kwel'-rus) [triquelrum]. Three-
cornered, as the triquetrous bone (os triquelrum),
a Wormian bone. See triquelrum.

triquetrum (tri-kivet' -rum) [triquelrus, three-cor-
nered]. 1. Any one of the Wormian bones. 2. The
cuneiform bone of the carpus.

triradial, triradiate (tri-ra'-de-al, tri-ra'-de-dt) [see
iriradius]. Radiating in three directions, t. pelvis,
one in which the promontory is pushed forward and
the acetabula pressed inward.

triradius (tri-ra'-de-us) [tres, three; radius, ray;
pi., triradii]. In the impression of the palmar surface
in the Galton system a triangluar area composed of
transverse ridges at the base of each of the four
fingers; used in the classification of palmar im-
pressions.

trisaccharid (tri-sak'-ar-id) [tri-; saccharum]. A
carbohydrate which under the influence of a dilute
acid yields three other sugar molecules and takes up
two molecules of water.

trismic (triz'-mik). Relating to trismus.

trismoid (triz' -moid) [trismus]. A form of trismus
neonatorum thought to be due to pressure on the
occipital bone during labor.

trismus (triz'-mus) [rpiapLos, from rpi^eiv, to gnash].
Lockjaw, a tonic spasm of the muscles of mastication.
t. capistratus, a condition in which the jaws cannot
be separated because of adhesions between the cheeks
and the gums, following ulceration of the parts,
t. catarrhalis maxillaris, neuralgia of the jaw. t. of
cerebral origin, persistent spasm of the muscles of
the lower jaw, due to cerebral disease, t. cynicus,
risus sardonicus. t. dolorificus, tic douloureux,
t. maxillaris. See t. catarrhalis maxillaris. t. nascen-
tium, t. neonatorum, a form of trismus occurring in
newborn infants, and supposed to be due to septic
infection of the umbilical stump, t. sardonicus.
See t. cynicus. t., traumatic, trismus following a
wound or injury, t. uteri, trismus occurring during
and as a result of the puerperium.

trisplanchnic (tri-splangk'-nik) [tri-; anXayxvov,
viscus]. Distributed to the viscera of the three
largest cavities of the body, as the trisplanchnic
nerve (the sympathetic nerve).

tristearin (tri-ste'-ar-in) [tri-; <rreap, fat], C3H5-
(CisH3502)3. See stearin.

tristichiasis (tris-tik-i'-as-is) [rpiartxia, a triple
row]. A form of congenital distichiasis in which
there are three rows of cilia.

tristimania (tris-tim-a' -ne-ah) [tristis, sad; navla,
frenzy]. Melancholia.

tristis (tris'-tis) [L.]. Sad; gloomy; having a dull
color.

trisubstituted (tri-sub'-sti-tu-ted) [tri-; substituere,
to substitute]. Having three atoms or radicals
substituted by other atoms or radicals.

trisulphide (tri-sul'-fid) [tri-; sulphur]. A com-
pound containing sulphur in the proportion of three
atoms to one of the base.

tritanopia (trit-an-o'-pe-ah) [tri-; anopsia]. A
defect in a third constituent essential for color vision,
as in violet-blindness.

triticeoglossus (trit-is-e-o-glos'-us) [trilicum; -yXd><r-
aa, tongue]. An anomalous muscle having its
origin from the arytenoid cartilage and its insertion
in the side of the tongue.

triticeous (trit-ish'-us) [triticum]. Having the
shape of a grain of wheat, t. cartilage, t. nodule,
corpus triticeum, a small cartilaginous nodule in
the thyrohyoid ligament.

triticeum (trit-is'-e-um) [triticum, wheat]. The
triticeous nodule.

triticin (trit'-is-in) [triticum, wheat]. 1. A gum-
like substance found in Triticum repens. 2. A pro-
prietary food preparation.

triticum (trit'-ik-um) [L.]. A genus of the Grami-
nece. T. sativum (T. vulgar e) is wheat. Triticum
is official in the U. S. P. in the form of the rhizome of
Agropyron repens, and is used in cystitis and irritable
bladder, t., fluidextract of (fluidextr -actum tritici,
U. S. P.). Dose 3-6 dr. (12-24 Cc). t., repens,
triticum.

tritipalm '(trit'-e-pahm). A proprietary genito-
urinary tonic said to consist of the fluidextract of
saw palmetto, Serenoa serrulata, and couch-grass,
Agropyron repens.

tritol (tri'-tol). Any emulsion of oil, 4 parts, and
diastasic extract of malt, 1 part.

tritopine (trit'-o-pin), C42H54N2O-. An alkaloid
from opium.

tritorium, triturium (tri-lo'-re-um, tri-tu'-re-um)
[tritus, a rubbing]. A vessel used in separating
liquids of different density.

tritotoxin (tri-to-toks'-in) [rptVoj, third; to£ik6v,
poison]. One of the third group into which Ehrlich
classifies toxins, according to the avidity with which
they combine with antitoxins, tritotoxin combining
least readily.

tritoxide (tri-toks'-ld) [rpiros, third; 6£6y, acid].
Same as trioxide.

TRITUBERCULAR

908

TROPHOEDEMA

tritubercular (tri-tu-bur'-ku-lar) [tri-; tuberculum,
tubercle]. Having three tubercles or cusps; tri-
cuspid.

triturable (Jtrit'-u-rabl). Capable of being pow-
dered.

triturate (trit'-il-rat) [triturare, from terere, to rub].
i. To reduce to a fine powder. 2. A finely divided
powder. In the U. S. P. a medicinal substance
rubbed up with milk-sugar, t., tablet-, a triturate
compressed into tablet form.

trituration (tril-u-ra'-shun) [triturate]. The process
of reducing a solid substance to a powder by rubbing.

triturium {trit-u' -re-urn). See tritorium.

trivalence (JLri'-va-lens, or triv'-al-ens) [tri-; valere,
to be worth]. The quality of being trivalent.

trivalent (tri'-va-lent, or triv'-al-ent) [tri-; valere, to
be worth]. Combining with or equivalent to three
atoms of hydrogen.

trivalve (tri'-valv) [tri-; valva, door]. Having
three valves or blades (as a speculum).

trivalvular (tri-val'-vil-lar) [tri-; valvula, a small
valve]. Having three valves.

trizonal (iri-zo'-nal) [tri-; zona, a belt or girdle].
Possessing, or arranged in, three layers or zones.

trocar (tro'-kar) [Fr., trois-quarts, from its tri-
angular point]. An instrument used in paracentesis,
or tapping a cavity, as in hydrocele. It consists of a
perforator and a metallic tube, t., lancet, a trocar
having a lancet-shaped perforator, t., piloting,
Durham's trocar, used for introducing the articulated
tracheotomy-tube, t., rectal, a curved trocar used
in tapping the bladder through the rectum.

troch. Abbreviation of trochischus, troche.

trochanter (tro-kan'-ter) [rpoxo-vrijp, from rpoxos,
a wheel or pulley]. One of two processes on the
upper extremity of the femur below the neck. The
greater trochanter is situated on the outer, and the
lesser trochanter on the inner, side of the bone, t.,
major, the greater trochanter, t. minor, the lesser
trochanter, t. tertius, an anomalous process at the
upper portion of the popliteal space of the femur.
t., third. Same as t. tertius.

trochanteric (tro-kan-ter'-ik) [trochanter]. Pertain-
ing to a trochanter.

trochantin {tro-kan'-tin) [trochanter]. The lesser
trochanter.

trochantinian (tro-kan-tin'-e-an) [rpoxavrrjp, tro-
chanter]. Pertaining to the trochantin.

troche (tro'-ke) [rpoxos, a wheel]. A lozenge.

trochin, trochinus (tro'-kin, tro-ki'-nus) [rpoxos,
a wheel]. The lesser tuberosity of the head of the
humerus.

trochinian (tro-kin'-e-an) [rpoxos, wheel]. Per-
taining to the trochin.

trochischi (tro-kis'-ki) [L.]. Plural of trochischus.

trochiscus (tro-kis'-kus). See troche.

trochiter (trok'-it-er) [rpoxos, a wheel]. The greater
tuberosity of the proximal end of the humerus.

trochiterian (trok-it-e'-re-an) [rpoxos, a wheel].
Pertaining to the trochiter.

trochlea (trok'-le-ah) [L. a pulley]. A part or
process having the nature of a pulley, t. of the
astragalus, the surface of the astragalus articulating
with the tibia, t. of the femur, the intercondyloid
fossa of the femur, t. of the humerus, an articulation
at the extremity of the humerus, over which a band
of cartilage passes, t. labyrinthi. See cochlea.
t. of the obliquus oculi superior, t. of the orbit, the
ligamentous ring or pulley, attached to the upper
margin of the orbit, which transmits the tendon of
the superior oblique muscle of the eye. t. tali. See
t. of the astragalus.

trochlear (trok'-le-ar) [see trochlea]. 1. Pertaining
to or of the nature of a pulley. 2. Pertaining to the
trochlear muscle. 3. Pertaining to the trochlear
nerve.

trochlearis {trdk-le-a'-ris) [see trochlea]. Pulley-
shaped, as the trochlearis muscle or simply trochlearis,
the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

trochocardia (trok-o-kar'-de-ah) [rpoxos, wheel;
KapSia, heart]. A rotary displacement of the heart
on its long axis.

trochocephalus (trok-o-sef-al-us) [rpoxos, wheel;
Ke<t>a\ri, head]. A rounded appearance of the head,
due to partial synostosis of the frontal and parietal
bones.

trochoginglymus (trok-o-ging'-lim-us) [rpoxos,
wheel; yiyy\vp.os, ginglymus]. A combination of a
hinge-joint and a pivot-joint, as in the humero-
radial articulation.

trochoid (tro'-koid) [rpoxos, wheel]. Serving as a
pulley or pivot; involving a pivotal action.

trochoides (tro-ko'-id-ez) [rpoxos, a wheel]. A
pivot-joint or pulley-joint, such as the atloaxoid joint.

(von) Troeltsch's _ corpuscles (jtreltsh) [Anton
Friedrich yon Troeltsch, German otologist, 1829-
1890]. Spindle-shaped connective-tissue corpuscles,
stellate on transverse section, found between the
middle fibrous and inner circular layers of the mem-
brana tympani. v. T.'s spaces, two small pockets
formed in the upper part of the attic of the middle
ear by folds of mucous membrane.

Troisier's ganglion, T.'s sign \tro-ah' -ze-a) [Emile
Troizier, French physician, 1844- ]. Enlarge-
ment of the left supraclavicular lymph-glands, an
indication of malignant disease of the intraabdominal
region.

Trolard's vein {tro-lar') [Paulin Trolard, French
anatomist]. The anastomotic vein that extends
from the superior longitudinal sinus to the superior
petrosal or the cavernous sinus.

trolley-buzz. A buzzing sound constantly heard
by people who ride much on noisy trolley-cars.

trolley-eye. See chalcitis.

Trombidium (trom-bid'-e-um). A genus of mites
which includes the harvest mite. By some, the
chigoe is considered as belonging to this group.

Trommer's test for glucose (trom'-er) [

Trommer, German chemist, 1 806-1 879]. To the
liquid rendered alkaline by caustic soda a fairly
strong solution of cupric sulphate is added drop by
drop until a little of the copper hydrate formed
remains undissolved on shaking. On warming in
the presence of glucose, a yellow reduction of hydrated
suboxide of copper is first formed, and then red
suboxide separates, even below the boiling-point.
If not enough copper salt has been used, the reaction
will be yellowish-brown in color; but if the copper
salt is in excess, the excess of hydrate is changed by
boiling into a dark-brown hydrate, which interferes
with the test.

tromomania (Jtrom-o-ma'-ne-ah) [rpdnos, tremor;
navia, madness]. Delirium tremens.

trona {tro'-nah). Native sodium carbonate, Na2-
CO3.

tropacocaine {tro-pa-ko'-ka-en) [atropine; cocaine].
An alkaloid obtained from a small-leaved coca-
plant of Java. t. hydrochloride, CsHhNO . CdHs-
CO . HC1, in 2 to 3 % solutions, is preferred to
cocaine hydrochloride, as a local anesthetic, as being
less toxic and more reliable.

tropasolin. See tropeolin.

tropate {tro'-pat). A salt of tropic acid;

tropein (tro'-pe-in). A salt of tropin and an
organic acid.

tropeinism (tro' ' -pe-in-izni) . Poisoning by any of
the tropeins or by plants (Solanacea) containing
tropeins. It is characterized in light cases by dry-
ness of the mouth, dysphagia, and acceleration of
the pulse; in severer cases by dilatation of the pupils,
ataxia, clonic spasms, psychic disturbances with
excessive excitement; the severest cases are marked
by loss of consciousness, anesthesia, paralysis of the
sphincters, and cardiac and respiratory paralysis.

tropeolin (tro-pe'-o-lin). One of a group of orange
anilin dyes, so-called from the resemblance of their
colors to those of the flowers of Tropceolum, the
garden nasturtium. Its solutions are turned brown
by free acids, and are used as a test for such acids.

tropesis (tro-pe'-sis) [rpowri, a turn]. Inclination.

trophe (trof'-e) [rpo</>rj, nourishment]. Aliment.

trophedema. See trophoedema.

trophesial, trophesic (tro-fe'-ze-al, tro-fe'-sik) [rpo<f>T),
nourishment]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a
trophesy.

trophesy (trof'-es-e) [rpo<j>-h, nourishment]. Defec-
tive nutrition of a part resulting from disorder of
the nerves regulating nutrition; trophoneurosis.

trophic (trof'-ik) [rpo<prj, nourishment]. Pertaining
to the functions concerned in nutrition, digestion,
and assimilation, t. centers, centers regulating the
nutrition of nerves, or through them, of organs.

tropho- (trof-o-) [rpoQri, nourishment]. A prefix
denoting relation to nutrition or to nourishment.

trophoblast (trof'-o-blast) [rpo^-q, nourishment;
0Xao-r6s, a germ]. In biology, the outer epiblastic
layer of the extra-embryonic somatopleure.

trophoblastic (trof-o-blas'-tik) [rpo<f>ri, nourishment;
p\a<rr6s, germ]. Pertaining to a trophoblast.

trophoedema (JLrof-o-e-de'-mah) [tropho-; edema].

TROPHOLECITHAL

909

TRYPSINOGEN

A condition marked by localized permanent edema.
t., chronic, frequently hereditary, marked by hard,
white, painless swellings on the legs, lasting through
life without material injury to health.

tropholecithal (trof-o-les'-ith-al) [rpo4>r), nourish-
ment; \kKiBos, the yolk of an egg]. Pertaining to a
tropholecithus.

tropholecithus (trof-o-les'-ith-us) [rptxpr), nourish-
ment; XkKidos, the yolk of an egg]. In biology, the
food yolk of a meroblastic egg. Cf. morpholecithus.

trophology (trof-ol'-o-je) [tropho-; \6yos, science].
The science of nutrition.

trophoneurosis (trof-o-nu-ro'-sis) [tropho- ; neurosis].
Any disease of a part due to disturbance of the
nerves or nerve-centers with which it is connected.
t., disseminated. Synonym of scleroderma, t., fa-
cial, progressive facial atrophy; facial hemiatrophy.
t., muscular, trophic changes in the muscles in con-
nection with disease of the nervous system, t. of
Romberg, unilateral atrophy of the face ; hemiatrophy .

trophoneurotic (Jtrof-o-nu-rot'-ik). Pertaining to
or caused by a trophoneurosis.

trophonine (trof-on-en). A proprietary food said
to consist of beef, nucleoalbumin, gluten of wheat,
and enzymes of the digestive gland.

trophonosis, trophonosus (trof-on'-o-sis, trof-on'-
o-sus). See trophopathy.

trophonucleus (trof-o-nu'-kle-us) [tropho-; nucleus].
The nucleus which is concerned with the nutrition
of a cell and not with its reproduction.

trophopathy (trof-op'-ath-e) [tropho-; iraBos, disease].
A disorder of nutrition.

trophoplasm (trof'-o-plazm) [tropho-; ir\aaaetv,
to mold]. The vital substance of the cell; the
formative plasm.

trophoplast (trof'-o-plast) [see trophoplasm]. A
mass of formative plasm.

trophospongia (tro-fo-spun'-je-ah) [rpo<j>r), nourish-
ment; awoyyia, a sponge]. In biology, the outer
or maternal layer of the trophoblast, trophodisc, or
trophocalyx.

trophotonos (trof-ot'-on-os) [tropho-; tovos, tension].
Rigidity of contractile tissue due to trophic dis-
turbances.

trophotropic (trof-o-trop'-ik) [rpocpr), nourishment;
rpkireiv, to turn]. In biology, exhibiting tropho-
tropism.

trophotropism (trof-of -ro-pizm) [tropho-; rpkireiv,
to turn]. The attraction and repulsion exhibited by
certain organic cells to various nutritive solutions.

tropic (trop'-ik) [rpovi), a turning]. An affix used
by Ehrlich and Wright. See bacteriotropic. t. acid
[atropine], C9H10O3. An acid produced by treating
atropine with baryta-water, alkalies or acids.

tropidine (trop' -id-en) [atropine], CsHnN. A sub-
stance resulting from the decomposition of atropine
in the presence of hydrochloric and glacial acetic
acids; it is an oily fluid having an odor like that of
coniine.

tropine (trop'-en) [atropine], CsHisNO. A crystal-
line base obtained in the decomposition of atropine.

tropism (tro'-pizm) [rpoirri. a turn]. The striving
of living cells after light and darkness, heat or cold,
etc. t., chemo-, the directing influence of chemical
agents, t., photo-, that exerted by light, t., gal-
vano-, that due to galvanic electricity.

tropococaine. See tropacocaine.

tropometer (Jtrop-om'-et-er) [rpoirf), turn; ukrpov,
a measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring the
various rotations of the eyeball. 2. An apparatus
for estimating the amount of torsion in long
bones.

tropon {tro'-pon) \rpo^i\, nourishment]. An albu-
minous substance obtained from animal and vege-
table sources, containing 90 % of albumin. It is a
light brown, nonhygroscopic powder, intended as a
nutrient for convalescents. One teaspoonful to one
tablespoonful is given with each meal in cocoa,
soup, etc.

Trousseau's disease (troo-so') [Armand Trousseau,
French physician, 1 801-1867]. Stomachal vertigo.
T.'s marks, "taches cerebrales," circumscribed
spots produced by mechanical irritation in tubercu-
lous meningitis and other diseases seriously affecting
the nutrition of the nervous system. T.'s phe-
nomenon, muscular spasm, which continues as long
as pressure is applied on the large arteries or on the
nerve trunk in tetany, showing heightened neuro-
muscular irritability. T.'s points apophysaires,
points sensitive to pressure over the dorsal and

lumbar vertebra? in intercostal and lumboabdominal
neuralgias. See Valleix's points douloureux. T.'s
roseola, rubeola; rotheln. T.'s symptom, the pro-
duction of paroxysms of tetany by pressure upon the
principal nerve-trunks or blood-vessels of the parts
affected; it is observed in tetany. T.'s test for bile-
pigments. See Smith's reaction.

troy ounce. A unit in troy weight, equal to 480
grains, t. weight. See weights and measures.

true. Real; not false, t. aneurysm. See aneu-
rysm, true. t. conjugate. See under conjugate.
t. corpus luteum, the corpus luteum of preg-
nancy, t. pelvis, that part of the pelvic cavity
situated below the iliopectineal line. t. rib. See
rib, true. t. skin, the corium. t. vocal bands, the
inferior bands, or those concerned in the production
of the voice.

truncal (trung'-kal) [trunk]. Pertaining to a
trunk.

truncated (trung'-ka-ted) [trunk]. Deprived of
limbs or accessory parts.

trunci (trung'-ki) [L.]. Plural of truncus. t.
lumbales, lumbar trunks.

truncus (trung'-kus) [L.: pi., trunci]. A trunk,
t. bronchomediastinalis dexter, right broncho-
mediastinal trunk, t. corporis callosi, trunk or body
of corpus callosum. t. intestinalis, intestinal trunk.
t. jugularis, jugular trunk, t. lumbosacralis, lumbo-
sacral trunk or cord. t. costocervicalis, costocervical
or superior intercostal trunk, t. subclavius, sub-
clavian trunk, t. sympathicus, sympathetic trunk.
t. thyreocervicalis, the thyroid axis.

Trunecek's method (troo'-net-sek). See under
serum, Trunecek's.

trunk [truncus, a trunk]. 1. The body except the
head and limbs. 2. The main stem of a nerve or
vessel.

truss (trus) [Ft., trousse]. An apparatus for main-
taining a hernia in place after reduction. Also an
appliance for making pressure, t., carotid, a truss
for compressing the carotid artery, t., French, . a
truss for inguinal hernia, in which pressure is exerted
by an elastic, steel spring that supports the pad.
t., Hainsby's, a truss for approximating the edges of
a wound; it is used in the operation for harelip, t.,
suspensory, a suspensory bandage.

trypan-blue. A dye of the benzopurpurin series,
used as a trypanocide.

trypanocidal (tri-pan-o-si'-dal) [trypanosoma; cce-
dere, to kill]. An agent that destroys trypanosomes.

trypanosan (tri-pan' -o-san). A dye-stuff of try-
panocidal properties when combined with arseno-
phenylglycin.

Trypanosoma (Jtri-pan-o-so'-mah) [rpviravov, a
borer; <rcbp.a, body]. A genus of protozoan parasitic
organisms. T. brucei, the organism causing the
tsetse fly disease of horses. T. castellanii, probably
the same as T. gambiense. T. equiperdum, the
exciting cause of dourine, q. v. T. equinum, the
exciting cause of mal de Caderas in the horse. T.
evansi, the organism found in surra. T. gambiense,
the organism causing sleeping-sickness. T. lewisi,
one found in rats. T. theileri, one found in galziekte,
a disease of cattle.

trypanosome (Jtri'-pan-o-som). One of any species
of Trypanosoma.

trypanosomiasis (tri-pan-o-so-mi'-a-sis) [ Trypano-
soma], Any of the several diseases due to infection
with the various species of Trypanosoma.

trypan-red. A reddish-brown powder recom-
mended in the treatment of trypanosomiasis.

trypanroth. Same as trypan-red.

tryparosan (tri-par' ' -o-san). A preparation of
chlorinated parafuchsin, used in the treatment of
trypanosomiasis.

trypesis (trip-e'-sis) [rpvirav, to bore]. The opera-
tion of trephining.

trypsalin (trip'-sal-in). Trade name of a powder
of trypsin said to be capable of dissolving dead
tissue; it is designed for use by insufflation in nose
and throat diseases.

trypsase (trip'-sas). See trypsin.

trypsin (trip'-sin) [rptyLs, a rubbing]. The prote-
olytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, which in an
alkaline medium converts proteids into peptones.
It has lately been advocated for curative use in
cancer.

trypsinogen (trip-sin' -o-jen) [trypsin; yevvav, to
produce]. The zymogen from which trypsin is
formed.

TRYPTIC

910

TUBERCLE

tryptic (trip'-tik) [trypsin]. Pertaining to or caused
by trypsin.

tryptolytic (trip-tol-it'-ik) [trypsin ;\veiv, to loosen].
Of or pertaining to the peculiar cleavage properties
of trypsin.

tryptone (trip'-ton) [trypsin]. Peptone formed by
the action of trypsin.

, tryptonemia, tryptonaemia (trip-to-ne'-me-ah). See
peptonemia.

tryptophan (trip' -to-fan) . One of the end products
of tryptic digestion. With a solution of chlorine or
bromine it gives a violet color. Synonym, proteino-
chromogen. t. test, tryptophan is present in the
stomach, as a result of pepsin digestion in cases of
cancer of the stomach; the test is made by the addi-
tion of bromine water, as above.

T. S. Abbreviation of test solution.

tsetse-fly (tset'-se). Glossina morsitans and. G.
palpalis, dipterous insects of South Africa, which
carry the Trypanosoma gambiense. t. disease. See
disease, tsetse-fly.

Tsuga (tsoo'-gah). A genus of Conifer ce, a species
of which, T. canadensis, yields Canada pitch.

tsutsugamushi disease (tsoo-tsoo-ga-moo'-she). Jap-
anese river fever.

T. U. Abbreviation of toxic unit.

tua-tua. See Jatropha gossypifolia.

tub. To treat by means of a cold bath.

tuba (tu'-bah) [L.]. A tube. t. acustica. Same
as t. auditiva. t. auditiva, the auditory or Eustachian
tube. t. Eustachii, Eustachian tube. t. fallopiana,
t. Fallopii, t. uterina, Fallopian tube.

tubage (tu'-baj) [tuba, a tube]. The introduction
of a tube or catheter, t. of the glottis. See intuba-
tion.

tubal (tu'-bal) [tube]. Pertaining to a tube,
especially the Fallopian tube or the renal tubules,
t. abortion, internal rupture of the ovum in extra-
uterine gestation, with a pouring out of blood through
the fimbriated extremity of the tube into the ab-
dominal cavity, t. mole, a tubal ovum that has been
destroyed by hemorrhage, t. pregnancy, pregnancy
in one or the other Fallopian tube.

tubba, tubboe (tub' -ah, tub' -6). Yaws attacking
the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet;
crab-yaws.

tubbing (tub'-ing). The employment of the cold
bath in the treatment of fever.

tube (tub) [tuba, a tube]. A hollow, cylindrical
structure, especially the Fallopian tube or the
Eustachian tube, t., air-, a bronchial tube, t.,
alimentary, the alimentary canal, t., auditory, the
external auditory canal, t., auricular, the external
auditory meatus, t., auscultation, one used to test
the acuteness of hearing, t., capillary, a tube with
minute lumen, t., cardiac, the embryonic heart,
t.-casts, casts of the renal tubules; they indicate
disease of the kidneys, t., Crookes', t., Geissler's,
t., Hittorf' s. See under rays. Roentgen-, t., drain-
age-, a hollow tube of glass, rubber, or other material
inserted into a wound or cavity to allow of the escape
of fluids, t., Eustachian. See Eustachian, t.s,
Fallopian. See oviducts, t., feeding, one for intro-
ducing food into the stomach, t.s, fusion, Priestley
Smith's name for a miniature stereoscope by which
the two images formed by a straight and a squinting
eye may be fused together and seen simultaneously.
Cf. heteroscope. t., intubation, a tube for insertion
into the larynx through the mouth in laryngeal
diphtheria, etc. t., sediment, a glass cylinder con-
stricted to a fine point at one end and both ends
open; it is used in precipitating urine, t., stomach,
a flexible tube used for lavage, t., tracheotomy.
See tracheotomy, t., vacuum, a sealed glass tube out
of which the air has been pumped and which has at
each end a piece of platinum wire passed through
the glass and entering the tube.

tuber (tu'-ber) [L., "a bump or swelling"], i. A
thickened portion of an underground stem. 2. Any
rounded swelling, t. anatomica, a protuberance,
tumor, or swelling, t. annulare, the anterior surface
of the pons; see pons Varolii, t. anterius. See t.
cinereum. t. calcanei, the tuberosity of the cal-
caneum. tubera candicantia. See corpora albi-
cantia. t. cinereum, a tract of gray matter ex-
tending from the optic chiasma to the corpora
albicantia and forming part of the floor of the third
ventricle, t. cochleae, the promontory of the tym-
panum, t. corporis callosi, the splenium. t.
Eustachii, a slight protuberance below the fenestra

ovalis on the inner wall of the tympanic cavity,
t. frontale, the frontal eminence, tubera geniculata,
the internal and external geniculate bodies, t.
gutturosum. See goiter, t. ischiadicum, the tuber-
osity of the ischium, t. ischii, the tuberosity of the
ischium, t. maxillae, the tuberosity of the superior
maxilla, t. x maxillare, the maxillary tuber. t.
omentale hepatis, a prominence on the left lobe of the
liver, corresponding to the lesser curvature of the
stomach, t. omentale pancreatis, a prominence of
the middle part of the pancreas, corresponding to
the lesser omentum. t. parietale, the parietal
eminence, t. posticum. Same as t. . vermis, t.
supracondyloideum, an eminence opposite the distal
end of the internal border of the linea aspera of the
fibula. t. supraorbitale, the superciliary ridge,
t. syphiliticum. See syphiloma, t. tympani. See
t. Eustachii. t. valvulae (cerebelli) , a small prominence
of the cerebellum on its inferior vermiform process
at its anterior extremity in front of the uvula, t.
vermis, the posterior end of the inferior worm of the
cerebellum; also called /. valvules, t. verrucosum, a
callosity often found on the great toe at the meta-
tarso-phalangeal joint, t. zygomaticum, a promi-
nence of the zygoma on its lower border near the
union of the superior maxilla and the zygomatic
process.

tubercle (tu'-ber-kl) [tuber culum, a tubercle].
1. A small nodule. 2. A rounded prominence on a
bone. 3. The specific lesion produced by the tu-
bercle bacillus, consisting of a collection of round-
cells and epithelioid cells, with at times giant-cells.
t., acoustic, the nucleus of the dorsal cochlear nerve,
a leaf -like mass of cinerea wrapped about the dorso-
lateral surface of the restis. t., adductor, a slight
protuberance at the lower end of the internal supra-
condylar line of the femur, giving attachment to the
tendon of the adductor magnus. t., amygdaloid, a
prominence on the roof of the descending cornu
of the lateral ventricle, t., anatomical, a wart-like
tuberculous growth sometimes appearing on the
hands of dissectors, t., anterior, a tubercle at the
anterior part of the extremity of the transverse pro-
cess of certain vertebrae, t. bacillus. See under
bacteria, t., carotid, a prominence of the sixth
cervical vertebra on the anterior part of its trans-
verse process, t., conoid, a broad projection of the
clavicle on its posterior border at the union of its
middle and outer thirds, to which the conoid liga-
ment is attached, t., deltoid, a projection on the
anterior border of the clavicle, giving origin to a
part of the deltoideus. t., dissection, anatomical
tubercle, t., fibrous, a tubercle which has been
modified by the formation of connective tissue within
its structure, t., genial, one of the tubercles on
each side of the middle line on the inner surface
of the lower maxilla, t., genital, the rudimentary
penis or clitoris in the urogenital region of the embryo
in front of the cloaca, t., gray. See tubercle (3).
t., hepatic, in the embryo, the bile-tubules, t.,
hyaline. See tube-cast, hyaline, t., lacrimal, one of
the small papillary prominences at the margin of the
eyelids, in the center of which is the punctum lacri-
male. t. of Lower, a small eminence on the wall of
the right auricle, between the orifices of the venae
cavae. t., lymphoid, a tubercle consisting chiefly of
round or lymphoid cells, t., mammillary. See
corpora albicantia. t., miliary. See tubercle (3).
t., neural, the tube of ectodermal tissue from which
the nerve-system is developed, t., olfactory. See
bulb, olfactory, t., otopharyngeal, the Eustachian
tube, t., painful, a painful nodule in the subcutane-
ous tissue in the region of the joints, t., posterior,
a tubercle at the posterior end of the lumbar and
several of the thoracic vertebrae, t., postglenoid, a
process of the temporal bone that descends behind
the condyle of the jaw and prevents backward dis-
placement during mastication, t., prostatic, the
middle lobe of the prostate, t., pterygoid, a tubercle
on the inner surface of the inferior maxilla; it gives
attachment to the internal pterygoid muscle, t. of
Rolando, one of the rounded masses close under the
surface of the lateral columns of the medulla ob-
longata, formed by the enlarged dorsal horns of the
gray matter, t., scalene-, a tubercle on the first
rib, giving attachment to the anterior scalene muscle.
t., supraglenoid, one above the superglenoid fossa
of the scapula, giving attachment to the long
head of the biceps, t. of the vagina, a prominence
on the anterior wall of the vagina, t., zygomatic,

TUBERCULA

911

TUBERCULUM

one at the junction of the zygoma with its anterior
root.

tubercula (tii-ber'-ku-lah) [plural of tuberculum,
a tubercle], t. coronae dentis, tubercles of the
crown of a tooth, t. dolorosa. See tubercle, -painful.
t. quadrigemina. See corpora quadrigemina.
■ tubercular (tu-ber'-ku-lar) [tubercle], i. Presenting
the appearance of a tubercle. . 2. Provided with
tubercles.

tuberculase (tu-ber' -kii-las) . See Behring's tulase.

tuberculate, tubercled (tu-bur'-kii-lat, tii'-bur-kld)
[tuberculum, a tubercle]. Warty; bearing tubercles.

tuberculated (tu-bur' -ku-la-ted) [tuberculum, a
tubercle]. Furnished with tubercles; tuberculous.

tuberculation (tu-bur-ku-la'-shun) [tuberculum, a
tubercle]. The formation, development, or arrange-
ment of tubercles; the process of affecting a part with
tubercles.

tuberculid, tuberculide (tu-ber '-kii-lid). Any
cutaneous manifestation due to the toxins of the
tubercle bacilli.

tuberculin (tu-ber' -ku-lin) [tubercle]. A glycerol
extract of cultures of the bacillus of tuberculosis.
It is a brownish, neutral liquid, soluble in water, and
is used as a means of diagnosing tuberculosis, and
treating; when injected into tuberculous individuals,
a reaction is produced which differs from that given
by healthy individuals. Syn., paratoloid. T. A,
the result of extracting the bacilli with a 10 % normal
caustic soda solution and filtering and neutralizing
the product, t. filtrate, the bouillon from cultures
on which tubercle bacilli of the human type have
been grown to maturity and freed from germs by
filtration through porcelain; no heat is used in its
manufacture. Syn., tuberculin Denys, B. F. t.,
Koch's. See t„ new; and t., old. t., new (T. R.),
an unsterilized, unfiltered, glycerol-water semisolution
of living, dried, pulverized, and washed bacilli, t.,
original, or old (T. O.). See tuberculin, t., purified,
the resultant redissolved precipitate of the tuberculin
original with 60% of alcohol. T. R. See t., new.
t. test, the injection of a small amount of tuberculin
will produce fever and local swelling in a person or
animal who has tuberculosis; but there is no reaction
in one free from tuberculosis.

tuberculine (tu-ber' -ku-len). A ptomaine produced
from the tubercle bacillus.

tuberculinization (tu-ber-ku-lin-iz-a'-shun) . Treat-
ment of tuberculosis by the use of tuberculin.

tuberculinose (tu-ber' -ku-lin-os). Dialyzed tuber-
culin.

tuberculitis (tu-ber-ku-li'-tis) [tubercle; trts, in-
flammation]. Inflammation in the tissues sur-
rounding a tuberculous node.

tuberculization (tu^ber-ku-liz-a' -shun) [tuberculum,
tubercle]. 1. The formation of tubercles, or the
condition of being charged with tubercles. 2. Treat-
ment with tuberculin.

tuberculoalbumin (tii-ber-ku-lo-al-bu'-min) . A

tuberculin preparation similar to tuberculase.

tuberculocele (tu-ber' -ku-lo-sel) [tuberculosis ; k^Xt?,
a tumor]. Tuberculous disease of the testicle.

tuberculocidin (tu-ber-ku-lo-si'-din) [tubercle; cce-
dere, to kill]. An albumose obtained from tuberculin
by precipitation with platinum chloride. It is said
to possess the beneficial effects of tuberculin without
producing an injurious reaction.

tuberculoderma (tu-ber -ku-lo-der' -mah) . A cutane-
ous manifestation of the action of tubercle bacilli,
a tuberculid.

tuberculofibroid (tu-ber-ku-lo-fi'-broid). Relating
to a tubercle that has undergone fibroid degeneration.

tuberculoid (tfc-ber'-ku-loid) [tuberculum, tubercle;
elSos, like]. Resembling tubercle or tuberculosis.

tuberculoidin (tu-ber-kii-loi'-din). Tuberculin
which has been treated with alcohol and so cleared
of its bacilli.

ruberculol (tu-ber' -ku-lol). Tuberculin which has
been freed from secondary products.

tuberculoma (tu-ber -ku-lo' -mah). A tuberculous
tumor.

tuberculomyces (tu-ber-ku-lo-mi'-sez). A group
of bacilli containing the different varieties of tubercle
bacilli.

tuberculophobia (tu-ber -ku-lo-fo' '-be-ah) [tubercu-
losis; <j>60os, fear]. Morbid fear of tuberculosis.

tuberculoplasmin (tu-ber-ku-lo-plaz'-min). The
filtered watery solution of the protoplasm of moist
living bacilli, extracted by crushing with hydraulic
pressure.

tuberculosamine (tu-ber-ku-lo'-sam-en). An amine
isolated from tubercle bacilli.

tuberculose (tu-ber' -ku-los). See tuberculated.

tuberculosis (tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [tubercle]. An in-
fectious disease due to Bacillus tuberculosis, dis-
covered by Koch. The lesion produced by the growth
of the bacillus is the tubercle (miliary or gray tubercle
or nodule), a small, grayish, translucent nodule,
from xV to 2 mm. in diameter, firmly embedded
in the surrounding tissues. By the coalescence of
neighboring tubercles large masses, the so-called
tuberculous infiltrations, are produced. The tend-
ency of tuberculous lesions is to undergo cheesy
necrosis. For this degeneration two factors are
responsible: the absence of blood-vessels and the
action of peculiar poisons elaborated by the bacillus.
The breaking down of tuberculous areas in the
interior of organs gives rise to cavities, which may be
seen in muscles, bones, brain, lymphatic glands, and
elsewhere, but are most pronounced in the lungs.
On surfaces — skin and mucous membranes — tubercu-
losis often leads to the formation of ulcers. The
most frequent seats of tuberculosis are the lung, the
intestinal tract, the lymphatic glands, the serous
membranes, the bones, the skin, the testicle, the
epididymis, the brain, the Fallopian tubes, the uterus,
the spleen. The symptoms of tuberculosis vary
with the localization of the disease. A few general
phenomena are common to nearly all forms, viz.,
emaciation, loss of strength, anemia, fever, and
sweats, t., acute miliary, an acute febrile disease,
characterized by the formation of minute tubercles
in great numbers in various parts of the body. It
is due to the discharge into the circulatory stream of
tubercle bacilli. Three forms are usually described:
(1) a general or typhoid form; (2) one with marked
pulmonary symptoms; (3) one in which cerebral
symptoms predominate, t., attenuated, tuberculosis
with tendency to cold abscesses and various skin
complications, t., avian, tuberculosis affecting birds,
t., bovine, tuberculosis occurring in cattle. Syn.,
pearl disease, t., cestodic, a disease resembling
tuberculosis, due to infestation with cestodes. t.,
disseminated, acute miliary tuberculosis, t., general
miliary. See t., acute miliary, t., laryngeal, tubercu-
losis of the larynx, usually secondary to tuberculosis
of the lungs, but in rare cases primary, t., miliary,
tuberculosis characterized by the formation of miliary
tubercles, t., pulmonary, phthisis, pulmonary, t.,
surgical, tuberculosis of parts amenable to surgical
treatment, as the bones and joints.

tuberculotoxin {tu-ber-ku-lo-toks'-in). A toxin
generated by the tubercle bacillus.

tuberculotoxoidin (tu-ber-ku-lo-toks-oid'-in). A
solution of tubercle bacilli in sulphuric acid, said
to have some immunizing value and to raise the op-
sonic index.

tuberculous (tu-ber' '-ku-lus) [tubercle]. Affected
with or caused by tuberculosis.

tuberculum (tu-ber' -ku-lum) . See tubercle. t.
acusticum, a group of nerve-cells connected with the
auditory fibers, t. anterius. 1. The conical promi-
nence on the anterior arch of the atlas. 2. The
frontal extremity of the thalamus, t. articulare,
articular tubercle, t. auriculae (Darwini), Darwinian
tubercle of auricle, t. caudatum, the caudate lobe
of the liver, t. cinereum, gray or ashen tubercle:
(1) the cuneate tubercle of the oblongata; (2) the
tuberculum Rolandi, found below the clava. t.
corniculatum (Santorini), corniculate tubercle of
Santorini. t. costae, tubercle of the rib. t. cunei-
forme (Wrisbergi) , cuneiform cartilage, t. epiglot-
ticum, epiglottic tubercle or cushion of epiglottis,
t. impar, a rounded elevation between the ventral
ends of the mandibular and hyoid arches and from
which the papillary portion of the tongue is developed.
t. intercondyloideum laterale, lateral intercondyloid
tubercle, t. intercondyloideum mediale, medial
intercondyloid tubercle, t. intervenosum (Loweri),
intervenous tubercle of Lower, t. jugulare, jugular
tubercle, t. majus, larger tubercle or greater
tuberosity, t. mentale, mental tubercle, t. minus,
smaller tubercle or lesser tuberosity, t. obtura-
torium anterius, anterior obturator tubercle, t.
obturatorium posterius, posterior obturator tubercle.
t. pharyngeum, pharyngeal tubercle, t. posterius,
the rudimentary spinous process of the atlas, t.
pubicum, pubic tubercle or spine of os pubis, t.
scaleni (Lisfranci), scalene tubercle of Lisfranc.
t. sebaceum. See milium, t. supratragicum, supra-

TUBERIFEROUS

912

TUMENOL

tragic tubercle, t. thyreoideum inferius, inferior
thyroid tubercle, t. thyreoideum superius, superior
thyroid tubercle, t. vestibularis. Same as t. acusti-
cum.

tuberiferous (Jtu-ber-if-er-us) [tuber, a tuber;
erre, to bear]. Producing tubers.
tuberose (tu'-ber-os) [tuber]. Resembling a tuber.
tuberositas (til-ber-os'-it-as) [L.J. A tuberosity.
t. coracoidea, the coracoid tuberosity, an impression
for the conoid ligament, t. costalis, costal tuberosity
or impression for rhomboid ligament, t. deltoidea,
deltoid tuberosity, t. glutsea, gluteal tuberosity.
t. iliaca, iliac tuberosity, t. infraglenoidalis, infra-
glenoidal tuberosity, t. . masseterica, masseteric
tuberosity, t. ossis cuboidei, tuberosity of cuboid
bone. t. ossis navicularis, tuberosity of scaphoid
bone of tarsus, t. pterygoidea, pterygoid tuberosity.
t. radii, tuberosity of radius, or bicipital tuberosity.
t. sacralis, sacral tuberosity, t. supraglenoidalis,
supraglenoidal tuberosity or tubercle, t. tibiae,
tuberosity or tubercle of the tibia, t. ulnae, tuber-
osity of the ulna. t. unguicularis, ungual tuberosity.
tuberosity (tu-ber-os'-it-e) [tuber]. A protuberance
on a bone, t., greater, a rough projection on the
outer side of the head of the humerus, t. of the
ischium, a thick, downward projection of the ischium,
on which the body rests in sitting, t., lesser, a
small tuberosity in front of the head and on the
inner side of the bicipital groove of the humerus.
t. maxillary, a rounded eminence at the lower part
of the zygomatic surface of the superior maxillary
bone, especially prominent after the growth of the
wisdom-teeth, ts. of the os calcis, two prominences,
an external and an internal, on the posterior inferior
aspect of the os calcis. t. of the palate bone, a
pyramidal process at the lower part of the posterior
border of the external surface of the palate bone.
t. of the radius, a rough eminence at the inner and
interior aspect of the bone just beneath the neck.

tuberous (tu'-ber-us) [tuber]. Like a tuber, as
tuberous angioma.

Tuebingen heart. A disease of the heart, first
observed at Tuebingen, marked by cardiac dilatation
and hypertrophy and believed to be due to overin-
dulgence in alcoholic drinks.

tubo- (til-bo-) [tube], A prefix meaning relating to
a tube.

tuboabdominal (tu-bo-ab-dom'-in-al) [tubo-; ab-
domen]. Pertaining to a Fallopian tube and to the
abdomen, t. pregnancy, one that begins in the tube,
but that finally becomes abdominal.

tuboadnexopexy (tu-bo-ad-neks\o-peks-e). Surgical
fixation of the uterine adnexa.

tuboligamentus (tu-bo-lig-am-ent' -us) . Relating
to the oviduct and the broad ligament.

tubo-ovarian (tu-bo-o-va'-re-an) [tubo-; ovary].
Pertaining to the Fallopian tube and the ovary.
t. pregnancy, an extrauterine pregnancy in which the
ovum develops between the fimbriae of the oviduct
and the ovary.

tubo-ovariotomy (tu-bo-o-va-re-ot'-om-e). Excision
of a Fallopian tube and ovary.

tuboperitoneal (tu-bo-per-it-on-e'-aV). Relating to
the oviduct and the peritoneum.

tubotympanal (tu-bo-tim'-pan-al). Pertaining to a
Eustachian tube and the tympanum of the ear.

tubouterine (Jtu-bo-u'-ter-in) [tubo-; uterus]. Per-
taining to the Fallopian tube and the uterus, t.
pregnancy, a form of tubal pregnancy in which the
ovule develops in the uterine wall, a portion of the
sac often projecting into the uterus, and having on
the outer side the round ligament and the greater
portion of the tube. Also known as interstitial
pregnancy.

tubovaginal (tu-bo-vaj'-in-al). Pertaining to a
Fallopian tube and the vagina.

tubular (Jtu'-bu-lar) [tubulus, a small tube], i.
Shaped like a tube. 2. Pertaining to or affecting
tubules, as tubular nephritis. 3- Produced in a
tube, as tubular breathing, t. adenoma, an adenoma
after the type of tubular glands, t. breathing.
Synonym of breathing, bronchial, t. epithelioma, a
carcinoma found in the salivary glands composed of
irregular cells, the cell-masses extending in tubes or
cylindrical plugs in various directions. Pearly bodies
are also present, t. gland, a secreting gland tube-
like or cylindrical in shape; also the enteric glands or
follicles of Lieberkuehn. t. gestation, extrauterine
fetation in the oviduct, t. membrane. See peri-
neurium, neurilemma, t. pneumonia. Synonym

of pneumonia, lobular, t. rale, one produced in a
bronchial tube.

tubulature (Jtu'-bu-la-iur) [tubule]. The short tube
of a retort or receiver.

tubule (Jtu'-bul) [tubulus, dim. of tubus, a tube].
A small tube. In anatomy, any minute, tube-
shaped structure; see also tubulus. t., communi-
cating, or junctional, that part of a uriniferous tubule
between the distal convoluted, and the straight
collecting tubule, t., dentinal, the tubular structure
of the teeth, t. of Ferrein. See Ferrein, tube of.
t.s, segmental, t.s, Wolffian. See under Wolffian
body, t., seminiferous, any one of the tubules of
the testicles, t., uriniferous, one of the numerous
winding tubules of the kidney.

tubuli (tu'-bu-li) [L.]. Plural of tubulus. t.
renales, renal tubules, t. renales contorti, convo-
luted renal tubules, t. lactiferi, the excretory ducts
of the mammae, t. renales recti, straight renal
tubules, t. seminiferi contorti, convoluted semi-
niferous tubules, t. seminiferi recti, straight semi-
niferous tubules.

tubuliform (tu'-bu-lif-orm) [tubulus, tubule; forma,
form]. Shaped like a tubule. -

tubulization (tu-bu-li-za'-shun). Protection of the
ends of nerves, after neurorrhaphy, by a paraffin
tube.

tubulocyst (tu'-bu-lo-sist). A cystic dilatation
occurring in an occluded canal or duct.

tubulodermoid (tu-bu-lo-der' -moid) . A dermoid
tumor in fetal tubular structure which should have
become occluded.

tubuloracemose (tu-bu-lo-ras'-em-6s). Denoting a
gland that is both tubular and racemose.

tubulus (tu'-bu-lus) [tubulus, a small tube: pi.,
tubuli], A small tube-like organ; a tubule.

tubus (tu'-bus) [L.]._ A tube, canal, t. acusticus,
an ear trumpet, t. digestorius, the digestive canal,
t. medullaris, the vertebral canal, t. respiratorius,
the respiratory canal, t. vertebralis, the spinal or
vertebral canal.

Tuerck's bundle [Ludwig Tuerck, Austrian neurolo-
gist, 1810-1878]. A tract of nerve-fibers passing
from the cortex of the temporosphenoidal lobe through
the outer portion of the crusta of the cerebral pe-
duncle and the pons into the internal geniculate body.
T.'s column, the anterior or direct pyramidal tract.
T.'s degeneration, secondary parenchymatous de-
generation of the spinal nerve tracts. T.'s hemi-
anesthesia, anesthesia affecting the functions of the
posterior spinal roots of one side, at times also those
of the nerves of special sense. It is caused by
lesions of the posterior portion of the capsula and
the contiguous region of the corona radiata. T.'s
trachoma, granular laryngitis affecting the postero-
internal wall of the larynx. Syn., laryngitis sicca.

Tuffier's inferior ligament (toof-e-a') [Theodore
Tuffier, French surgeon]. Mesentericoparietal fold;
that portion of the enteric mesentery which is inserted
into the iliac fossa. T.'s syndrome, a congenital state
of general tissue debility, resulting in relaxation and
displacement of various organs, such as splanchnop-
tosis, varicocele, uterine displacements, etc.

Tuffnell's bandage (tuf'-nel) [Thomas Joliffe Tuf-
nell, English surgeon, 1819-1885]. An immovable
bandage stiffened with a paste of white of egg and flour.
It is also called egg-and-flour bandage. T.'s method,
T.'s treatment. A treatment for aneurysm, consist-
ing in absolute rest, dry diet, and the administration
of potassium iodide.

tuft, Malpighian. See Malpighian body.

tugging, tracheal. See tracheal tugging.

tulase (tu'-las). See Behring's tulase.

tulipine (tu' -lip-en). A poisonous alkaloid from
the tulip.

Tully's powder [William Tully, American physi-
cian, 1785-1859]- A powder containing morphine
sulphate, 1 part; camphor, licorice, and calcium car-
bonate, each, 20 parts.

Tulpius' valve [Nicholas Tulp, Dutch physician,
1593-1674]. The ileocecal valve.

tumefacient (tu-me-fa' -shent) [tumefaction]. Swel-
ling; swollen.

tumefaction (tu-me-fak'-shun) [tumefacere, to cause
to swell]. A swelling.

tumenol (tu'-men-ol) [bitumen; oleum, oil]. A sul-
phonated preparation of certain hydrocarbons. It
may be used in three forms: 1. tumenol itself, a
dark-brown or brownish-black liquid; 2. tumenol
sulphone, an aromatic, syrupy liquid; 3- tumenol

TUMESCENCE

913

TURNING

sulphonic acid, a black powder, soluble in water. A
10 per cent, tincture is used in the itching dermatoses.

tumescence (tu-mes'-ens) [tumescere, to swell].
The condition of growing tumid; a swelling.

tumescent (tu-mes'-ent) [tumescere, to become swol-
len]. Swelling or enlargement.

tumid (Jtu'-mid) [see tumescence]. Swollen.

tumidity (tu-mid' -it-e) [tumidus, swollen]. The
state of being swollen.

tumor (tu'-mor) [lumere, to swell], i. A swelling.
2. A new growth not the result of inflammation. The
appended classification is based, at least as regards
classes A and B, on the blastodermic origin of the
dominant tissue of the tumor. 3. A mass of cells,
tissues, or organs, resembling those normally present
in the body, but arranged atypically, growing at the
expense of the body, but subserving no useful purpose
therein, t. albus, white swelling; tuberculous en-
largement of a joint, t., benign, one which does not
give rise to metastasis or recur after removal, t.,
cystic, one made up of cysts, t., dentinoid, a dental
osteoma arising from the crown of a tooth, t., fibroid,
a fibroma, t., Gubler's, a prominence on the back
of the wrist seen in wrist-drop, t., gummous or
gummy, a syphilitic gumma, t., heterologous, one
composed of tissue differing from that in which it
grows, t., histoid, one composed of a single tissue.
t., homologous, one composed of tissue resembling
that from which it grows, t., malignant, one which
gives metastasis or recurs, or does both, and eventu-
ally destroys life, t., mucous, a myxoma, t., mus-
cular, a myoma, t., phantom, an apparent tumor due
to flatus or contraction of a section of an abdominal
muscle; it is seen in hysterical patients, t., potato, an
endothelioma derived from the carotid body, t.,
sebaceous, one of a sebaceous gland; an atheroma.
t., splenic, a term sometimes applied to an enlarged
spleen, t., teratoid, a teratoma.

A. Mesodermic Tumors.

1. Sarcoma.

2. Fibroma.

3. Myxoma.

4. Lipoma.

5. Chondroma.

6. Osteoma.

7. Hemangioma.

8. Lymphangioma.

9. Myoma.

(Large.
Small.
Lympho-
sarcoma.
/Large.
( Small.

Round-cell.

Spindle-cell.

Giant-cell.

Melanotic.

Alveolar.

Endothelioma.

Angiosarcoma.

Cylindroma.

Chloroma.

Psammoma.
/Hard.
1 Soft.

/ Hyaline.

I Fibrous.

/ O. durum or O. eburneum.

\ O. spongiosum, O. medullare.

/ Telangiectatic.

( Cavernous.

J Simple.

\ Cystic.

/ Liomyoma.

( Rhabdomyoma.

B. Ectodermic and Entodermic Tumors.

Glioma.
Neuroma.

3. Epithelioma.

N. myelinicum.
N. amyelinicum,

Adenoma.
Carcinoma.

/ Tubular.
X Racemose.
( Squamous.
< Cylindrical.
( Glandular.

C. simplex.

C. papilli-
ferum.

Epithelial
cystoma

C. TeratoidTumors or Teratomata.
Dermoid cyst.
Cholesteatoma.

tumoraffin (tu'-mor-af-fin) [tumor; affinity). Said
of substances (drugs, radiant energy, etc.) which
are supposed to have some special affinity for tumor
cells.

tumultus (tu-muV -tus) [L.]. Tumult, t. cordis,
irregular heart-action, t. sermonis, a stuttering man-
ner of reading, from pathologic cause.

tungstate (tung'-stat). See under tungsten.
tungsten (tung'-sten) [Swed., "heavy stone"]. A
metallic element having a specific gravity of 19.26,
an atomic weight of 184. Symbol W (from the
German name Wolfram). It forms tungstic acid,
H2WO4, the latter combining with bases to form tung-
states, which are used as reagents. See elements,
table of chemical.

tungstic acid (tung'-stik). See under tungsten.
tunic (tu'-nik) [tunica]. A coat or membrane; see
tunica. '

tunica (tu'-nik-ah) [L.]. A tunic, t. adnata, the
conjunctiva covering the eyeball, t. adventitia, the
outer coat of an artery, t. albuginea corporum
cavernosorum, the fibrous covering of the corpora
cavernosa, t. albuginea oculi, the sclerotic coat of
the eye. t. albuginea ovarii, the compact connective
tissue immediately under the eptihelium of the cortex
of the ovary, t. albuginea testis, the fibrous covering
of the testis, t. extima, see t. adventitia. t. intima,
the inner coat of an artery, t. media, the middle coat
of an artery, t. ruyschiana, the layer of capillary
vessels of the choroid coat of the eye. t. vaginalis,
the serous covering of the testis derived from the
peritoneum, t. vasculosa, the vascular layer of the
testis, called also the pia mater of the testis; also the
lamina vasculosa of the choroid.

tunicin (tu'-nis-in), (C2H10O5). A substance ob-
tained from the mantles of ascidians; considered by
some as identical with vegetable cellulose, by some as
identical with animal cellulose, and by others as a
distinct body convertible into sugar.

tuning-fork (turning-fork). A pronged, metallic
instrument capable of vibrating so as to form a cer-
tain definite note.

tunnel-anemia. See ankylostomiasis.
tunnel-disease. See (1) caisson-disease ; (2) anky-
lostomiasis.

tupelo (tu'-pel-o). The Nyssa grandidentata, of
the order Cornacece. Its root has been used for mak-
ing tents (tupelo-tent).

turacin (tu'-ras-in) [African, turakoo], A crimson
coloring-matter obtained from the feathers of the
turakoo. It is slowly soluble in water, but easily
soluble in alkaline fluids, and contains about 6 per
cent, of copper.

turbid pneumonia. A term applied to the indis-
tinct pneumonic symptoms following injections of
tuberculin; it is also called injection pneumonia.

turbinal (tur'-bin-al) [turbo, top]. 1. Turbinated.
2. A turbinated bone.

turbinated (tur'-bin-a-ted) [turbinal]. Top-shaped;
scroll-shaped, t. bodies, the turbinated bones with
their covering of vascular and mucous membrane.
t. bone, one of the three (superior, middle, and infe-
rior) bony projections uponthe outer wall of each nasal
fossa. They are covered by an erectile vascular
mucous membrane.

turbinectomy (tur-bin-ek'-to-me) [turbinal; i/cron-h, a
cutting out]. Excision of a turbinated bone.

turbinotome (tur'-bin-ot-om). An instrument used
in turbinotomy.

turbinotomy (tur-bin-ot'-o-me) [turbinal; row, a
cutting]. Incision into a turbinated bone.

turbo cerebri [L., "the top-shaped-body of the
brain"]. The pineal body.

turgescence (tur-jes'-ens) [turgid]. Swelling.
turgid (tur'-jid) [turgidus, swollen]. Swollen; con-
gested.

turgometer (tur-gom'-et-er) [turgor, swelling; ukrpov,
measure]. An apparatus to determine the degree or
amount of turgescence.

turgor (tur'-gor) [L., "a swelling"]. Active hyper-
emia; turgescence. t. vitalis, the normal fulness of
the blood-vessels.

Turlington's balsam (tur' -ling-tun). The com-
pound tincture of benzoin.

turmeric (iur'-mer-ik). See curcuma.
turmerol (tur'-mer-ol). An oily substance derived
from turmeric.

turn. 1. To cause to revolve about an axis. 2.
To change the position of the fetus so as to facilitate
delivery, t. of life, see menopause.

Turner's cerate. The ceratum calamine or oint-
ment of calamin (20 per cent.). T.'s yellow, same
as Cassel yellow.

turning (turn'-ing). See version.

TURPENTINE

914

TYMPANY

turpentine (tur' -pen-tin) [repe^Lvdos, terebinth]. A
concrete or liquid oleoresin obtained from various
species of Conifera. The ordinary or white turpen-
tine (terebinthina, U. S. P.; thus americanum, B. P.),
derived from Pinus palustris and other species of
Pinus, contains a volatile oil, oil or spirits of turpen-
tine, t.-camphor, terpene hydrochlorate. t., Can-
ada (terebinthina canadensis, U. S. P., B. P.), is ob-
tained from Pinus balsamea, and under the name of
Canada balsam is used as a mounting medium in
microscopy, t., Chian, collected on the island of
Chios, from Pistacia terebinthus, was formerly used in
cancer, t., common European, t., Bordeaux, is ob-
tained from several species of pine; chiefly Pinus syl-
vestris and Pinus maritima. It yields large quanti-
ties of oil of turpentine, t., confection of (confectio
terebinthina, B. P.). Dose §-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). t.,
enema of (enema terebinthina, B. P.), oil of turpen-
tine, 1 oz.; mucilage of starch, 15 oz. t. liniment
(linimentum terebinthina, U. S. P., B. P.), resin cerate
and oil of turpentine, t., liniment of, and acetic
acid (linimentum terebinthina aceticum, B. P.), oil of
turpentine, acetic acid, liniment of camphor, of each,
1 oz. t., oil of (oleum terebinthina, U. S. P., B. P.),
a volatile oil, recently distilled from turpentine.
When pure, it consists only of carbon and hydrogen,
but on exposure absorbs oxygen. Oil of turpentine
is stimulant, diuretic, and anthelmintic; in large doses
it acts as a cathartic; locally it is a rubefacient. In
overdoses it acts as an irritant, especially to the kid-
neys, producing bloody urine and strangury. It is
used as a stimulant in typhoid and other low fevers;
in tympanites; as a hemostatic; in chronic renal dis-
eases, dysentery, and whooping-cough; as an inha-
lation in bronchitis; as a cathartic in the form of
enema, and as a teniafuge. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-
2.0 Cc). t., oil of, emulsion of (emulsum olei tere-
binthina, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). t., oil of,
rectified (oleum terebinthina rectificatum, U. S. P.).
Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). t., ointment of (un-
guentum terebinthina, B. P.), used on burns, t.,
Strasburg, a variety derived from Abies picea. t.,
Venice, a variety obtained from Larix europaa; it
yields oil of turpentine.

turpentole (tur'-penrtdl). A purified petroleum.

turpeth (tur'-peth) [Pers., turbad, a purgative root].
The Ipomaa turpethum, a purgative plant resembling
jalap, found in Asia, t. mineral, the yellow, or sub-
sulphate of mercury, used as an emetic. See mer-
cury subsulphate. -

turpethin (tur'-peth-in), C34H66O13. A resin ob-
tained from the root of Ipomaa turpethum.

turps. The trade-name for oil of turpentine.

turtle (tur'-tl) [A corruption of tortoise]. A tor-
toise; a member of the testudinata. t. -back nail. See
nail, t.-lung. See bronchiectasis.

turunda, turundula (tu-run'-dah, tu-run' -du-lah)
[L.: pi., turunda, turundula]. A surgical tent.

tussal (tus'-al) [tussis, cough]. Pertaining to or
of the nature of a cough.

tussedo (lus-e'-do). Tussis.

tussicular (tus-ik'-u-lar) [tussicula, a slight cough].
Characterized by a slight cough.

tussiculation (tus-ik-u-la'-shun). A hacking cough.

tussilago (tus-il-a'-go). A genus of plants of the
order Composita. The leaves of T. farfara, coltsfoot,
and also other parts of the plant are used as a de-
mulcent in pulmonary affections associated with
cough.

tussis (tus'-is) [L.]. A cough, t. convulsiva,
whooping-cough.

tussive (tus'-iv) [tussis]. Pertaining to or caused
by cough.

tussol (tus'-ol). Antipyrine mandelate. .

tutamen (tu-ta'-men) [L., defense: pi., tutamina].
A defense or protection, tutamina cerebri, the skull
and meninges of the brain, t. oculi, the appendages
of the eyes — the lids, brows, lashes, etc.

tutty (tut'-e) [Tamul word, tutum]. Impure oxide
of zinc deposited as an incrustation on the chimneys
of furnaces during the smelting of lead ores containing
zinc; used as an external desiccant when pulverized.

T. V. Abbreviation of tuberculin volution, a prin-
ciple said to exist in the tubercle bacillus.

twang. A personal quality of the voice, usually
nasal.

tween-brain (twin' -bran). See diencephalon.

tweezers (twe'-zers). See volsella.

twelfth cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve.
See under nerve.

twilight sleep. A method of childbirth popularly
supposed to be painless; but it is the memory of the
pain that is abolished, and not the pain itself. The
method is not without danger, and its value is still
undecided. "The patient is delivered in a delirium"
(Lequeux).

twin. One of two individuals born at the same
birth.

twitch (twich). To give a short, sudden pull or
jerk; see also, uvular twitch, t.-grass, triticum repens;
see triticum.

twitching (twich' -ing). An irregular spasm of a
minor extent.

twixt-brain (twikst'-bran). See diencephalon.

T.X. Symbol of a derivative of tuberculin pre-
pared by Behring.

tyle (ti'-le) [tvKos, a knob]. A callus.

tylion (til'-e-on) [tyle]. A craniometric point on
the anterior border of the optic groove in the mesal
line.

tyloma (ti-lo'-mah) [tyle]. A callus.

tylosis (ti-lo'-sis) [tyle]. 1. A state characterized
by the formation of callus. 2. A form of blepharitis
with thickening and hardening of the edge of the lid.
t. linguae, same as leukoplakia buccalis.

tylosteresis (ti-lo-ster-e'^sis) [tvKos, knot; artptiv, to
deprive]. Extirpation or removal of a callosity.

tylotic (ti-lot'-ik) [ruXos, a knot]. Pertaining to,
affected with, or of the nautre of tylosis.

tympanal (tim'-pan-al). See tympanic ring.

tympanectomy (tim-pan-ek'-to-me) [tympanum ;
iicTOfiTi, a cutting out]. Excision of the tympanic
membrane.

tympania (tim-pan' -e-ah) . Same as tympanites.

tympanic (tim-pan' -ik) [tympanum]. Pertaining to
the tympanum, t. bone, t. plate, the thin plate of
bone separating the tympanum from the cranial
cavity, t. membrane. See membrane, tympanic, t.
ring, an osseous ring forming part Of the temporal
bone at the time of birth and which develops into the
tympanic plate, t. tegmen, the bony plate forming
the roof of the tympanum.

tympanichord (tim-pan' -ik-ord) [tympanum; xopS-h,
a string]. The chorda tympani, a branch of the
facial nerve.

tympanichordal (tim-pan-ik-or'-dal). Pertaining to
the tympanichord.

tympanicity (tim-pan-is'-it-e). The quality of be-
ing tympanic.

tympaniform (tim-pan' -if -or m). Shaped like a
tympanum.

tympanism (tim'-pan-izm) [tympanum]. Disten-
tion with gas; tympanites.

tympanites (tim-pan-i'-tez) [tympanum]. A dis-
tention of the abdominal walls from accumulation of
gas in the intestine or peritoneal cavity.

tympanitic (tim-pan-it'-ik) [tympanites]. Caused
by or of the nature of tympanites, t. abscess, an
abscess containing air. t. resonance, the note ob-
tained on percussing a cavity distended with gas.

tympanitis (tim-pan-i'-tis) [tympanum; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the tympanum; otitis
media.

tympanoeustachian (tim-pan-o-u-sta'-ke-an) [tym-
panum; Eustachian]. Pertaining to the tympanum
and the Eustachian tube.

tympanohyal (tim-pan-o-hi'-al) [tympanum; hyoid].
A small cartilage of the human fetus subsequently
fusing with the styloid process of the temporal bone.

tympanomalleal (tim-pan-o-maV -e-al) [tympanum ;
malleus]. Pertaining to the tympanic bone and the
malleus.

tympanomandibular (tim-pan-o-man-dib'-u-lar)

[tympanum ; mandible]. Pertaining to the tympanum
and the mandible.

tympanomastoiditis (tijn-pan-o-mas-toid-i'-tis) .

Inflammation of the tympanum and mastoid cells.

tympanophony (tim-pan-of'-o-ne). See autophony 2).

tympanosis (tim-pan-o'-sis). Tympanites.

tympanosquamosal (tim-pan-o-skwa-mo'-sal) [tym-
panum; squama, scale]. Common to the tympanic
and the squamosal bone.

tympanotomy (tim-pan-ot'-o-me) [tympanum; tout),
a cutting]. Incision of the membrana tympani.

tympanous (tim'-pan-us). Distended with gas;
relating to tympanism.

tympanum (tim'-pan-um) [rvurravov, drum]. The
middle ear.

tympany (tim'-pan-e). 1. Tympanites. 2. A tym-
panitic percussion-note.

TYNDALLIZATION

915

TYPHUS

tyndallization (tin-dal-iz-a'-shun) [John Tyndall,
English physicist, 1820-1893]. See sterilization, in~
termittent.

type (tip) [rvnos, a stamp]. Imprint; emblem;
symbol; character. A normal average example. In
pathology, the distinguishing features of a fever, dis-
ease, etc., whereby it is referred to its proper class.
t., test, see test-types.

typembryo (ti-pem'-bre-o) [type; embryo]. That
stage or period in the development of an embryo
when the characteristics of the main type to which it
belongs are first discoverable.

typewriters' backache. An occupation-neurosis;
it is said to be best guarded against by the use of a
high seat and a footstool.

typewriter's cramp. See under spasms, fatigue.

typhase (ti'-fas) . The special bacteriolytic enzyme
of Bacillus typhi abdominalis.

typhemia, typhaemia (ti-fe'-me-ah) [rwpos, smoke;
nlfia, blood]. The presence of typhoid bacilli in the
blood.

typbiever (tif-fe'-ver). Typhoid or typhus fever.

typhia (ti'-fe-ah). See fever, typhoid.

typhinia (ti-fin'-e-ah). Synonym of relapsing fever.

typhization (tif-iz-a' -shun) . 1. Infection with ty-
phoid or typhus fever. 2. Preventive inoculation
with typhoid vaccine.

typhlatony, typhlatonia (tif-lat'-on-e, tif-lat-o' -ne-ah)
[typhlo-; atony]. An atonic condition of the wall of
the cecum, generally due to a catarrhal condition.

typhlectomy (tif-lek'-to-me) [typhlo-; wtom, excis-
sion]. Excision of the cecum.

typhlenteritis (tif-len-ter-i'-tis) [rvcp\6s, blind;
IvTtpov, bowel; ins, inflammation]. Typhlitis.

typhlitis (tif-Ii'-tis) [rv<p\6v, cecum; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the cecum.

typhlo- (tif-lo-) [tv4>\6v, cecum]. A prefix signifying
relating to the cecum.

typhlocele (tif'-lo-sel). See cecocele.

typhlodicliditis (tif-lo-di-kli-di'-tis) [typhlo- ; SucXis, a
folding door; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the ileocecal valve.

typhlo empyema (tif-lo-em-pi-e'-mah) [typhlo-; em-
pyema]. Abscess attending typhlitis or appendicitis.

typhloenteritis (tif-lo-en-ter-i'-tis). See typhlitis.

typhloid (tif'-loid) [™0X6s, blind]. Having defec-
tive vision.

typhlolithiasis (tif-lo-lith-i'-as-is) [typhlo- ; lithiasis].
The formation of calculi in the cecum.

typhlology (tif-lol'-o-je) [rv<f>\6s, blind; Xoyos, sci-
ence], The science of blindness.

typhlomyxorrhea, typhlomyxorrhoea (tif-lo-miks-or-
e'-ah) [typhlo-; iiv£a, mucus; pelv, to flow]. Evacua-
tion of mucus derived from the cecum.

typhlopexy (tif'-lo-pek-se) [typhlo-; irrjfe, fixation].
Operation of fixing the cecum to the abdominal wall.

typhlosis (tif-lo' -sis) [rv<p\bs, blind]. Blindness.

typhlosole (tif'-lo-sot) [typhlo-; acdXriv, tube]. A
tube lying in the dorsal middle line of the intestine of
certain worms (Lumbricidce) .

typhlospasm (tif -lo-spazm) [typhlo-; spasm].
Spasm of the cecum.

typhlostenosis (tif-lo-sten-o'-sis) [typhlo-; stenosis].
Stenosis of the cecum.

typhlostomy (tif-los'-to-me) [typhlo-; arbixa, mouth].
A form of colostomy in which the opening is made in
the cecum.

typhlotomy (tif-lot'-o-me) [typhlo-; to/xt), a cutting].
Division or section of the cecum.

typho- (ti-fo-) [typhoid]. A prefix meaning relating
to typhoid or of a typhoid character.

typhobacillosis (ti-fo-bas-il-o'-sis) [typho-; bacillus].
The systemic poisoning produced by the toxins formed
by the typhoid bacillus.

typhobacterin (ti-fo-bdk' -ter-in) . A vaccine pre-
pared from the typhoid bacillus.

typhogenic (ti-fo-jen'-ik) [rv(f>os, stupor; yewai', to
producej. Producing typhus or typhoid fever.

typhoid (ti'-foid) [rv<t>os, stupor; elSos, like]. Resem-
bling typhus, t., abenteric, typhoid fever involving
other organs than those of the intestinal tract, t.,
abortive, is characterized by abrupt onset of symp-
toms, which subside quickly, convalescence following
in a few days, t., afebrile, typhoid fever with the
usual symptoms, positive diazo and Widal reaction,
presence of rose-spots, but absence of increased tem-
perature, t., ambulatory, typhoid fever in which the
patient does not, or will not, take to his bed. t. car-
rier. See carriers, t. condition, see typhoid state.
t. fever, enteric fever, abdominal typhus, ileotyphus.

An infectious disease caused by Bacillus typhosus dis-
covered by Eberth. It is introduced into the body
with the food and drinking-water, and is found in the
intestine, the spleen, and the fecal discharges, but may
also occur in the various complicating lesions. The
principal lesions of typho'd fever are an enlargement
and necrosis of Peyer's patches, and enlargement of
the spleen and the mesenteric glands. The mucous
membrane of the intestine is also the seat of a catarrh-
al inflammation. After a period of incubation of from
two to three weeks the disease sets in with weakness,
headache, vague pains, a tendency to diarrhea, and
nose-bleed. The temperature gradually rises, being
higher each evening than the previous evening, and
reaches its maximum (io4°-ios° F.) in from one to
two weeks. It then remains at this level for from
one to two weeks, and finally sinks by lysis. The
pulse is soft and dicrotic, but often not so rapid as
would be expected from the high temperature. The
tongue is at first coated on the dorsum and red at the
tip and edges, but soon becomes dry, brown, and trem-
ulous, and, like the teeth and lips, covered with sordes.
There is usually complete anorexia, the bowels are
loose, and the stools have a peculiar "pea-soup" color.
At times constipation exists. Slight congestion of
the lungs with cough is usually present. On the
seventh, eighth, or ninth day the peculiar eruption
appears — it consists of small, slightly elevated, rose-
colored spots, disappearing on pressure, and coming
out in successive crops. Nervous symptoms are
prominent in typhoid fever, and are headache, slight
deafness, stupor, muttering delirium, carphology, sub-
sultus tendinum, and coma vigil. Complications are
frequent, the most important being intestinal hemor-
rhage, perforation of the bowel, peritonitis, pneu-
monia, and nephritis. Relapses are fairly common,
although second attacks are rare. t. state, the con-
dition of stupor and hebetude, with dry, brown tongue,
sordes on the teeth, rapid, feeble pulse, incontinence
of feces and urine, and rapid wasting, seen in typhoid
fever and other continued fevers, t. vaccination,
vaccination against typhoid; see vaccination (2). t.,
walking, see t., ambulatory.

typhoidal (ti-foi'-dal) [rwpos, stupor; elSos, like].
Resembling typhoid.

typhoidet, typhoidette (ti-foi-def) [Fr.]. A mild
or benign type of typhoid fever.

typhoid spine, a neurosis sometimes following ty-
phoid fever, characterized by the production of acute
pains in the vertebral column on the slightest move-
ment.

typhoin (ti'-fo-in). A preparation of dead typhoid
bacilli used by injection in the treatment of typhoid
fever.

typholysin (ti-fol'-is-in) [typho-; lysin]. A hemoly-
sin formed by the Bacillus typhosus.

typhomalarial (ti-fo-mal-a'-re-al) [typho-; malaria].
Exhibiting symptoms of both typhoid and malarial
fevers, t. fever, a fever exhibiting symptoms both
of typhoid and of malarial fever, but probably ma-
larial in nature.

typhomania (ti-fo-ma' -ne-ah) [typho-; p.avla, mad-
ness]. The lethargic state, with delirium, sometimes
observed in typhus, typhoid, and other low fevers.

typhonia (ti-fo' -ne-ah) . Same as typhomania.

typhopaludism (ti-fo- pal'-u-dizm) [typho-; pallida, a
marsh]. Fever of malarial origin accompanied by
symptoms of typhoid.

typhopneumonia (ti-fo-nu-mo' -ne-ah) [typho-; pneu-
monia]. Pneumonia occurring in the course of ty-
phoid fever.

typhosepsis (ti-fo-sep'-sis). The systemic poison-
ing of typhoid fever.

typhosis (ti-fo' -sis). See typhoid state, t., syph-
ilitic, a form of intestinal neuralgia associated with
secondary syphilis.

typhotoxin (ti-fo-toks'-in) [typho-; to£uc6i>, poison].
A poisonous ptomaine produced by the typhoid
bacillus. It is isomeric with the base C7H17NO2, ob-
tained from putrefying horseflesh, and induces leth-
argy, paralysis, and death.

typhous (ti'-fus) [typhus]. Pertaining to or having
the nature of typhus.

typhus (ti'-fus) [tv<j>os, stupor]. An acute infec-
tious and contagious disease chiefly characterized by
a petechial rash, marked nervous symptoms, and a
high fever, ending by crisis in from 10 to 14 days.
The only peculiar lesions noted postmortem are a
dark fluid state of the blood and a staining of the
endocardium and intima of the blood-vessels. The

TYPICAL

916

TZETZE

disease is caused by the Bacillus typhi exanthemataci
(Plotz). After a period of incubation of from a few
hours to two weeks, the disease sets in abruptly with
pains in the head, back, and limbs, the fever rising
rapidly to 1040 or 1050 F. The nervous symptoms
resemble those of typhoid fever. The eruption ap-
pears on the fourth or fifth day as rose-colored spots
scattered over all the body, and quickly becoming
hemorrhagic. It does not disappear on pressure.
The chief complications are hyperpyrexia, pneumonia
and nephritis. Syn., jail-fever ; ship-fever, t., abdom-
inal, typhoid fever, t. biliosus, same as Weil's
disease, t. icterodes. Synonym of yellow fever, t.
levissimus, a mild form of typhus, t. Mexican,
Same as tabardillo, q. v. t. petechialis, cerebrospinal
fever, t. recurrens, relapsing fever, t. siderans, a
malignant form of typhus fever ending fatally in two
or three days.

typical (tip'-ik-al) [tvttos, a stamp]. Constituting
a type or form for comparison ; illustrative ; complete.

typoscope (ti'-po-skop) [rviros, a stamp; o-Koireiv, to
look]. A small device to exclude extraneous light,
for the use of cataract patients and amblyopes in
reading.

tyramine (W '-ram- en). A trade name applied to
parahydroxyphenylethylamine.

tyrannism (tir'-an-izm) [rvpawos, a tyrant]. Cru-
elty of morbid inception, of which sadism is an erotic
variety.

Tyree's antiseptic powder. A proprietary prep-
aration said to contain alum, sodium biborate, euca-
lyptus, phenol, thymol, wintergreen, and peppermint;
it is recommended for leukorrheal and purulent dis-
charges.

tyrein (ti'-re-in) [rvpbs, cheese]. Coagulated casein.

tyremesis (ti-rem'-es-is) [rvpds, cheese; tp.e<ns, a
vomiting]. The vomiting of caseous matter; an ail-
men t^ common among nursing infants.

tyriasis (tir-i'-as-is). 1. Elephantiasis. 2. Alopecia.

tyro- (ti-ro-) [rvpds, cheese]. A prefix meaning
cheese or cheese-like.

tyroid (ti'-roid) [tyro-; elSos, like]. Cheese-like.

tyroleucin (ti-ro-lu'-sin) [tyro-; leucin. A sub-
stance obtained from decomposing albumin.

tyroma (ti-ro'-mah) [tyro-; fyia, tumor]. 1. A case-
ous mass. 2. A tuberculous tumor.

tyromatosis (ti-ro-ma-to'-sis). Caseation.

tyrosal (ti'-ro-sal). See salipyrine.

tyrosin (ti'-ro-sin) [rvpbs, cheese], C9H11NO3. A
crystalline amidoacid, a decomposition product of
proteids. t., tests for. See Hoffmann, Piria, Scher-
er, (von) Udransky, Wurster.

tyrosinase (ti-ro' -sin-as) [tyrosin]. An oxidizing
enzyme found in many fungi, and in dahlia and beet-
root. It acts upon all the cresols.

tyrosinuria (ti-ro-sin-u' -re-ah) [tyrosin; urine].
The presence of tyrosin in the urine.

tyrosis (ti-ro'-sis) [rvpbs, cheese]. Caseation.

Tyrothrix (ti-ro' -thriks) [rvpbs, cheese; 0pi£, hair],
A genus of Schizomycetes.

tyrotoxicon (ti-ro-toks'-ik-on) [tyro-; rol-uibv, a poi-
son]. A ptomaine obtained from poisonous cheese,
milk, ice-cream, etc. It induces vertigo, nausea,
vomiting, chills, rigors, severe pains in the epigastric
region, dilatation of the pupils, griping and purging, a
sensation of numbness or of pins and needles, espe-
cially in the limbs, and marked prostration or even
death. The poison is thought to be the cause of many
cases of summer diarrhea of infants.

tyrotoxin (ti-ro-toks'-in) [see tyrotoxicon]. A curara-
like poison from poisonous cheese; it is not identical
with tyrotoxicon.

tyrotoxism (ti-ro-toks'-izm). Cheese-poisoning.

Tyrrell's fascia (tir'-el) [Frederick Tyrrell, English
physician, 1707-1843]. See Denonvillier's fascia.
T.'s hook, a blunt, slender hook used in certain oper-
ations upon the eye, as in iridectomy.

Tyson's glands (ti'-sun) [Edward Tyson, English
anatomist, 1640-1708]. The sebaceous glands of the
corona glandis and the inner layer of the prepuce
secreting the smegma.

T.Z. Symbol of tuberculin zymoplastiche ; the dried
residue of tubercle bacilli, soluble in alcohol.

tzetze. Same as tsetse.

U. i. The chemical symbol of uranium. 2. Ab-
breviation for unit. 3. Symbol for kilurane q. v.

uabain. See ouabain.

uarthritis (u-ar-thri'-tis). See Arthritis urica.

uber (u'-ber) [L., udder; gen., uberis; pi., ubera].
The mamma; also the nipple, uberis apex, the nip-
ple.

uberous {u'-ber-us) [uber, fruitful]. Fruitful, pro-
lific.

uberty (ii'-ber-te) [uber, udder]. Fertility; pro-
ductiveness.

ucambin, ukambin (u-kam'-bin). An African arrow-
poison with the effects of strophanthin, but more
powerful.

udder {ud'-er). The mammary apparatus, es-
pecially of the cow.

(von) TJdransky's test for bile acids (oo-dran'-ske)
[Laszlo von Udrdnsky, Austrian physiologist]. To
1 Cc. of a watery or alcoholic solution of the sub-
stance add one drop of a 0.1% watery solution of
furfurol, and underlay with 1 Cc. of concentrated
sulphuric acid; then cool. In the presence of bile
acids a red color with a shade of blue will be produced.
v. U.'s test for tyrosin, to 1 Cc. of a solution of the
substance add one drop of a o.jrc watery solution of
furfurol, and underlay with 1 Cc. of concentrated
sulphuric acid. The mixture becomes pink. The
mixture should not rise above 500 C.

Uffelmann's test for hydrochloric acid in the con-
tents of the stomach (oo'-fel-mann) [Julius Uffel-
mann, German physician, 1837-1804]. Strips of fil-
ter-paper saturated in an extract of bilberries in
amylic alcohol and dried, when dipped into the con-
tents of a stomach containing HC1, will be turned
pink. U.'s test for lactic acid in the contents of the
stomach, make a mixture of 10 Cc. of a 4% solution
of phenol, 20 Cc. of water, and a few drops of ferric
chloride solution; this will have a blue coloration.
Add the liquid to be tested, and in the presence of
lactic acid a vellow coloration will result.

Uhlenhuth's test (oo'-len-hoot) [Paul Uhlenhuth,
German bacteriologist, 1870- ]. A method of ex-
amination of tubercle bacilli in sputum, by adding
antiformin.

Uhthoff' s sign (oot'-hof) [Wilhelm Uhthoff, German
ophthalmologist, 1853- ]• The nystagmus of mul-
tiple cerebrospinal sclerosis.

ukambin. See ucambin.

ula (u'-lch) [ov\ov, gum]. The gums.

ulaemorrhagia. See ulemorrhagia.

ulaganectesis (u-lag-an-ek'-te-sis) [oi\ov, gum;
6.yavaKTT)ais, irritation]. Irritation or uneasy sensa-
tions in the gums.

ulatrophia (fi-lat-ro' -fe-ah) [ov\ov, gum; arpo^ia,
atrophy]. A shrinkage of the gums.

ulcer (ul'-ser) [ulcus, ulcer]. A loss of substance
occurring on the skin or mucous membranes, and due
to a gradual necrosis of the tissues, u., Aden. See
phagedcena tropica, u., adherent, an ulcer of the skin,
the base of which becomes adherent to the underlying
fascia, u., Anamite, a phagedenic sore of hot coun-
tries; it is very unyielding to treatment, u. ampu-
tating, an ulcerating process encircling a part and
destroying the tissues to the bone, u., arterial, a
superficial ulcer due to arterial disease, u., athero-
matous, a loss of substance in the wall of an artery
or the endocardium, due to the breaking down of
an atheromatous patch, u., atonic, an ulcer which
has unhealthy granulations, with little or no tendency
to cicatrization. u., autochthonous, chancre, u.,
carious, an ulcer producing gangrene, u., catarrhal,
a form of intestinal ulcer due to a superficial loss of
epithelial cells, u., chancroidal, a chancroid, u.,
creeping, a serpiginous ulcer, u., Curling's, an ulcer
of the duodenum observed after severe burns of the
body, u., endemic, an ulcer more or less local as
regards countries in which it is found, as Aleppo
boil, u., erethistic, a name given to an extremely

sensitive ulcer, such as about the anus or the matrix
of the nails, u., fissurated, laceration of the cervix
uteri, u., fistulous, an ulceration communicating
with a fistula, u., follicular, a small ulcer on a mu-
cous membrane having its origin in a lymph-follicle,
u., fungous, one covered by fungous granulations,
u., gastric, perforating ulcer of the lining membrane
of the stomach, u., hard, a chancre, u., indolent,
one with an indurated, elevated edge and a nongran-
ulating floor, usually occurring on the leg. u., in-
flamed, one surrounded by marked inflammation,
u., Jacob's. See u., rodent, u., lipoid, an ulcer-
ation resembling lupus, u., menstrual, an ulcer from
which vicarious menstruation takes place, u., Mar-
jolin's, an ulcer having for its seat an old cicatrix,
u., peptic. See peptic ulcer, u., perforating, an ulcer
that perforates the tissues of a part, particularly the
foot or the stomach, u., phagedenic, one which
rapidly eats away the tissues, u., phlegmonous.
Synonym of u., inflamed, u., kissing, an ulcer oc-
curring on two parts which are frequently or con-
stantly in apposition, u., rodent, a form of ulcer, prob-
ably epitheliomatous, which gradually involves and
eats away soft tissues and bones, u., round, the
peptic ulcer of the stomach, u., Saemisch's, an in-
fectious ulcer of the cornea, u., serpiginous, one heal-
ing in one place while spreading in another, u., sim-
ple, a mild form of ulceration, not due to a poison or
systemic disease, u., symptomatic, an ulcer indicative
of general disease, u., tuberculous, one due to the
tubercle bacillus, u., varicose, an ulcer due to vari-
cose veins, u., venereal, chancre or chancroid, u.,
weak, one with exuberant and flabby granulations.

ulcera (ul'-ser-a) [L., pi. of ulcus]. Ulcers.

ulcerate (ul'-ser-at) [ulcer]. To become converted
into or affected with an ulcer.

ulcerated (ul'-ser-a-ted) [ulcus, ulcer]. Affected
with ulceration.

ulceration (ul-ser-a'-shun) [ulcer]. The formation
of an ulcer; a process of liquefaction-necrosis or molec-
ular death on a free surface.

ulcerative (ul'-ser-a-tiv) [ulcer]. Pertaining to ul-
ceration; characterized by ulceration.

ulcerine (ul-ser-enr) . An ointment used for x-ray
bums. It contains belladonna, poppy, henbane,
balsam of Peru and lard.

ulcerous {ul'-ser-us) [ulcer]. Exhibiting ulceration;
having the character of an ulcer.

ulcus (jul'-kus) [L.: pi., ulcera]. An ulcer, u. can-
crosum, (1) cancer; (2) rodent ulcer; (3) chancre,
u. cruris, indolent ulcer of the leg. u. exedens,
rodent ulcer, u. grave, Maduro foot. u. induratum,
chancre, u. molle, chancroid, u. rodens, rodent
ulcer, u. phagedaenicum, eating or phagedenic ulcer,
u. tuberculosum, lupus, u. venereum, (1) chancre;
(2) chancroid, u. venereum molle, chancroid, u.
ventriculi, gastric ulcer.

ulcuscle, ulcuscule, ulcusculum (ul-kus'-kl, ul-
kus'-kiil, ul-kus'-ku-lum) [ulcusculum: pi., ulcuscula],
A small ulcer.

ule (u'-le) [011X17, a scar]. A cicatrix.

ulectomy (u-lek'-io-me) [ovX-o, a scar; bcruuri, exci-
sion]. Excision of scar tissue.

ulegyria (u-le-ji'-re-ah) [011X17, a scar; yvpos, a cir-
cle]. Convolutions in the cortex of the brain, made
irregular by scar-formation.

ulemorrhagia (u-lem-or-aj'-e-ah) [0&X17, a scar;
alfia, blood; prjyyvpax, to break forth]. 1. Hemorrhage
from a cicatrix. 2. [ovXov, the gum]. Bleeding of the
gums.

ulerythema (u-ler-ith-e'-mah) [ule; tpvfhiua, ery-
thema]. An erythematous disease marked by the
formation of cicatrices, u. centrifugum, lupus ery-
thematosus, u. ophryogenes, ulerythema of the eye-
brows with loss of hair. u. sycosiforme, Unna's name
for lupoid sycosis, a form in which keloid degenera-
tion occurs in cicatrices resulting from follicular in-
flammation.

ULETIC

918

UMBILICUS

uletic (u-let'-ik) [ov\ov, gum; ov\f), scar]. 1. Per-
taining to the gums. 2. Pertaining to scars, cicatricial.

uletomy (u-let'-o-me) [oliXf), a scar; tout), incision].
Incision of a cicatrix.

ulexine (u-leks'-en) [ulex, a shrub], C1JH14N2O. An
alkaloid from the seed of Ulex europceus, the common
gorse of Europe. It is a local anesthetic and power-
ful diuretic.

ulitis (ii-li'-iis) [ulon; ins, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the gums.

ulmarene (ul' -mar-en). A mixture of definite
quantities of salicylic ether and aliphatic alcohols;
recommended as an external application in gout,
rheumatism, etc.

ulmus (ul'-mus) [L.]. Slippery elm. The ulmus
of the U. S. P. is the dried bark of Ulmus fulva, or
elm, of the order Urticacece. It is used as a demul-
cent in diarrhea, dysentery, and diseases of the urinary
tract; as a poultice in inflammations, and in the form
of tents for dilating the os uteri, ulmi, mucilago (U.
S. P.), mucilage of elm.

ulna (ul'-nah) [L., "a cubit"]. The bone on the
inner side of the forearm, articulating with the hu-
merus and the head of the radius above and with the
radius below. See bones, table of.

ulnad {ul'-nad) [ulna]. Toward the ulnar aspect.

ulnar (ul'-nar) [ulna]. 1. Pertaining to or in re-
lation with the ulna, as the ulnar artery, ulnar nerve.
2. Pertaining to the ulnar artery or ulnar nerve, u.
phenomenon, a condidion of analgesia of the trunk
of the ulnar nerve on one side, mostly absent in gen-
eral paralytics but generally found in other insane
patients.

ulnare (ul-na'-re). The cuneiform bone of the
carpus.

ulnaris (ul-na'-ris) [L.]. 1. Ulnar. 2. The ulnar
muscle, a muscle on the ulnar side of the forearm; see
muscles, table of.

ulnen (ul'-nen) [ulna, ulna]. Belonging to the
ulna in itself.

ulnocarpal (ul-no-kar'-pal) [ulna; carpus]. Per-
taining tothe ulna and the carpus.

ulnoradial {ul-no-ra'-de-al) [ulna; radius]. Per-
taining to the ulna and the radius.

ulocace (u-lok'-as-e) [ov\ov, gum; kokos, evil]. Ul-
cerative inflammation of the gums.

ulocarcinoma (u-lo-kar-sin-o'-mah) [ulon; carci-
noma]. Carcinoma of the gums.

ulodermatitis (ii-lo-der-ma-ti'-tis) [oi\i), scar; Sepfia,
skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the skin
with formation of cicatrices.

uloglossitis (u-lo-glos-i'-tis) [ov\ov, gum; y\u><raa,
tongue; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of gums
and tongue.

moid (u'-loid) [ule; eldos, like]. Scar-like. u. cica-
trix. A scar-like lesion due to subcutaneous degen-
eration.

ulon (u'-lon) [oi>\ov, gum]. The gums.

uloncus (u-long'-kus) [ulon; ojkos, a tumor]. A
tumor or swelling of the gums.

ulorrhagia (u-lor-a'-je-ah) [ulon; p-nyvwai, to burst
forth]. Bleeding from the gums.

ulorrhea, ulorrhoea (u-lor-e'-ah) [ulon; pola, flow].
Bleeding from the gums.

ulosis (u-lo'-sis) [ule]. Cicatrization.

ulotic (u-lot'-ik) [ulosis]. Pertaining to or tending
toward cicatrization.

ulotrichous (u-lot'-rik-us) [o5Xos, woolly; Opl£, hair].
Having woolly hair.

ulsanin (ul'-san-in) [ulcus, ulcer; sanare, to heal].
Trade name of a preparation containing iodine and
boric acid; used in treatment of ulcers, particularly
of the larynx.

ultimate (ul'-tim-at) [ullimus, last]. Farthest, or
most remote, finaL u. analysis. See analysis, u.
principle. See principle.

ultimisternal (ul-tim-is-tur'-nal) [ultimus, last;
sternum]. Pertaining to the last segment of the
sternum.

ultimum (ul-tim-um) [L.]. Last. u. moriens
(last dying). 1. The right auricle; so called from the
belief that it is the last part of the heart to cease its
contractions. 2. The upper part of the trapezius
muscle which usually escapes in progressive muscular
atrophy.

ultra- (ul-trah-) [L. beyond]. A prefix denoting
excess.

ultrabrachycephaly (ul'-trah-brak-is-ef-al-e) [ultra- ;
brachycephaly], Brachycephaly in which the ce-
phalic index exceeds 900.

ultradolicocephaly (ul'-lrah-dol-ik-o-sef-al-e) [ul-
tra-; dolicocephaly], Dolicocephaly in which the ce-
phalic index is less that 640.

ultrafiltration (ul-trah-fil-tra'-shun) [ultra-; filtra-
tion]. Filtration by forcing under pressure a liquid
through a filter which has been reinforced with some
colloidal material.

ultragaseous state (ul-trah-gas'-e-us). The state
in which matter is supposed to be less ponderable
than gas, or in which gas is rarefied to such an
extent that its molecules do not collide; also called
radiant matter.

ultramicroscope (ul-trah-mi'-kro-skop) [ultra, be-
yond; microscope]. A microscope for the examina-
tion, by powerful side illumination, of objects be-
yond the power of ordinary microscopes.

ultramicroscopic (ul-trah-mi-kro-skop'-ik) . Too
small to be seen by the aid of the microscope.

ultramicroscopy (ul-trah-mi-kros'-ko-pe). The sci-
entific use of the ultramicroscope.

ultraquinine (ul-trah-kwin-en'). Homoquinine. .

ultrared (ul-lrah-red'). Infra-red.

ultratoxon (ul-trah-toks'-on) [ultra- ; toxon]. A toxin
of a low degree of avidity.

ultraviolet rays. See rays, ultraviolet.

ultromotivity (ul-lro-mo-tiv'-it-e) [ultro, spontane-
ously; motivity]. Power or capability of moving
spontaneously.

Ultzmann's reaction for bile-pigments (ooltz'-mahn)
[Robert Ultzmann, German chemist, 1842-1889].
To 10 Cc. of the liquid add 3 or 4 Cc. of a caustic
potash solution (1:3) and then an excess of hydro-
chloric acid. In the presence of bile-pigments the
solution will become emerald green.

ululation (u-lu-la'-shun) [ululare, to howl]. A
hysterical howling.

ulyptol (u-lip'-tol). See eulyptol.

umbel (um'-bel) [umbella, diminutive of umbra,.
shade]. In botany, that form of indeterminate in-
florescence in which the axis is very short and the
pedicels radiate from it like the ribs of an umbrella.

umbelliferon (um-bel-if'-er-on) [umbella, umbel;
ferre, to bear], C9H6O3. Oxycoumarin. Fine nee-
dles, sparingly soluble in hot water and ether. Found-
in the bark of Daphne mezereum; it is obtained by
distilling different resins, such as galbanum, asa-
fetida, etc.

Umbellularia (um-bel-u-la'-re-ah) [umbellula, a
little umbel]. A genus of the Laurinece. The prin-
cipal species, U. calif ornica, California laurel or spice
tree, contains in its seeds a pungent volatile oil rec-
ommended for inhalation in nasal catarrh; the leaves
are used in neuralgic headache, colic, and atonic
diarrhea. Dose of fiuidextract 10-30 min. (0.65-2
Cc).

umber {um'-ber) [umbra, shade]. A dark-brown
pigment somewhat resembling ocher.

Umber's test for scarlet fever. The solution
consists of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 30 gm.;
paradimethylamidobenzaldehyde, 2 gm.; water 70 Cc.
Two drops of this solution are added to a small
amount of urine, and a red coloration is said to denote
scarlet fever.

umbilical (um-bil'-ik-al) [umbilicus]: 1. Pertain-
ing to the umbilicus, as the umbilical cord, umbilical
vessels. 2. Pertaining to the umbilical cord or um-
bilical vessels, u. arteries, the arteries of- the um-
bilical cord. u. cord. See cord (2). u. duct. See
duct. u. fissure, See fissure, u. region, the central
of the regions into which the abdomen is divided for
purposes of physical diagnosis, u. ring, the aperture,
closed in the adult, through which the umbilical ves-
sels pass in fetal life. u. souffle, the peculiar sound
heard occasionally over the umbilical cord of the
fetus, u. stalk, u. duct. u. vesicle, the part of the
yolk-sac remaining outside of the embryo and sup-
plying nutriment to it through the omphalomesaraic:
duct. u. vessels, the umbilical arteries and veins.

umbilicate, umbilicated {um-bil'-ik-at, um-bil'^ik-
a-ied) [umbilicus]. Having a depression like that of
the navel.

umbilication (um-bil-ik-a'-shun) [umbilicus]. 1. A
depression like that of the navel. 2. The state of
being umbilicated.

umbilicus (um-bil-i'-kus) [L.]. The navel; the
round, depressed cicatrix in the median line of the
abdomen, marking the site of the aperture which in
fetal life gave passage to the umbilical vessels, u.,
posterior, a depression in the spinal region due to
imperfect closure of the vertebral groove.

UMBO

919

UNIPOLAR

umbo (um'-bo) [L.: pi., umbones]. A boss or bos-
selation; any central convex eminence, as, the umbo
of the membrana tympani.

umbonate (um'-bo-nat) [umbo]. Bossed; furnished
with a low, rounded projection, like a boss (umbo).

umbonation (um-bon-a' -shun) [umbo]. The for-
mation of a low, rounded projection. -»

umbrascopy (urn-bras' -ko-pe) [umbra, shadow;
<TKo*eZv, to view]. See retinoscopy.

unavoidable hemorrhage. See hemorrhage, un-
avoidable.

unazotized (un-az'-o-tizd) [un, not; azote]. De-
prived of nitrogen.

unbalance. See imbalance.

unc. Abbreviation for uncia, an ounce.

uncia (un'-se-ah) [L.]. (i) An ounce. (2) An
inch.

unciform (un'-se-form) [uncus; forma, form].
Hook-shaped, u. bone, a hook-shaped bone in the
second row of the carpus, u. eminence, the hip-
pocampus minor, u. process, a hook-shaped process
on the ethmoid and other bones.

unciforme (un-se-form'-e) [L.]. The unciform bone.

uncinal (un'-sin-al). 1. Uncinate. 2. Furnished
with hooks.

Uncinaria (un-sin-a'-re-ah) [uncinus, a hook]. A
genus of parasitic nematode worms. And see Anky-
lostomum. U. americana, a species of hook worm
found in the Southern States and the West Indies.
0. duodenalis. See Ankylostomum.

uncinariasis (un-sin-a-ri'-a-sis). Disease produced
by parasites of the genus Uncinaria. Infection
with hook-worm; hook-worm disease. Syn., anky-
lostomiasis; dochmiasis ; hook-worm disease.

uncinate (un'-sin-at) [uncus]. Hooked, u. con-
volution, u. gyrus, the continuation of the hippo -
campal convolution, or fornicate convolution, ending
in a hook-like process near the end of the temporal
lobe. _

uncinatum (un-sin-a' -turn) [uncinatus, hooked].
The unciform bone.

uncipressure (un'-sip-resh-ur) [uncus; pressure].
A method of arresting hemorrhage by the use of two
hooks dug into the sides of the wound so as to com-
press the vessel.

uncomplemented (un-kom'-ple-men-ted) [un, not;
complement]. Not joined with complement, and
therefore inactive.

unconscious (un-kon'-shus) [un, not; consciens,
knowing]. Not conscious, u. cerebration, see
cerebration.

unconsciousness (un-kon'-shus-nes) [un, not; con-
sciens, knowing]. The state of being without sen-
sibility, and having abolished reflexes.

unction (unk'-shun) [unguere; to anoint]. 1. The
act of anointing. 2. An ointment. 3. Calomel oint-
ment.

unctuous (unk'-tu-us) [unclus, an anointing].
Greasy; oily.

uncture (unk'-tur) [unctus, an anointing]. An un-
guent.

uncus (ung'-kus) [L.]. 1. A hook. 2. The hook-
like anterior extremity of the uncinate gyrus of the
brain, u. gyri hippocampi, hook of the hippocampal
gyrus.

under. Below; beneath, u.-cut, in dentistry, a
depression made beyond a general surface for the
purpose of retaining a filling, u.-hung, applied to a
projecting lower jaw. u.-jawed, same as underhung.
u.-toe, a variety of hallux varus in which the great toe
underlies its neighbors.

undulant (un'-dii-lant) [unda, a wave]. Charac-
terized by fluctuations, u. fever. See fever, Medi-
terranean.

undulation (un-du-la'-shun) [see undulant]. A
wave-like motion: fluctuation, u. jugular, the ve-
nous pulse, u., respiratory, the variations in the blood
pressure due to respiration.

undulatory (un' -du-lat-or-e) [see undulant]. Mov-
ing like waves; vibratory.

ung. Abbreviation for unguentum [L]., ointment.

ungual (un'-gwal) [unguis; nail]. 1. Pertaining to
a nail. 2. Resembling a nail in size, as the ungual
bone (the lacrimal bone), u. phalanx, the terminal
phalanx of the fingers and toes.

unguent (uji'-gwent) . See unguentum.

ung-iientine (un' -gwen-ten) . An alum and petro-
leum ointment containing 2% of phenol and 5% of
ichthyol.

unguentum (un-gweri -turn) [L., ointment]. 1. An

ointment. 2. See u. simplex, u. acidi tannici, oint-
ment of tannic acid; tannic acid, 20 Gm.; glycerol,
20 Gm. ; unguentum, 60 Gm. u. Crede, soluble silver
is9c. incorporated in lard and 10% of wax added. It
is scented with benzoinated ether; used in treatment
of septic diseases, u. durum, an ointment base con-
sisting of paraffin (solid), 4 parts; wool-fat, 1 part;
liquid paraffin, 5 parts ; used for ointments containing
liquid antiseptics, u. hydrargyri. See mercurial
ointment, u. hydrargyri dilutum, blue ointment;
mercurial ointment, 670 Gm., with petrolatum, 330
Gm. u. iodi, iodine ointment; iodine, 4 Gm.; potas-
sium iodide, 4 Gm.; glycerol,' 12 Gm.; benzoinated lard,
80 Gm. u. molle, an ointment base consisting of solid
paraffin, 11 parts; lanolin, 5 parts; and liquid paraffin,
34 parts, u. potassii iodidi, ointment of potassium
iodide ; potassium iodide, 10 Gm.; potassium carbon-
ate, 0.6 Gm. ; water, 10 Gm. ; benzoinated lard, 80 Gm.
u. simplex (unguentum, U. S. P.) consists of lard, 80
parts, and wax 20 parts, u. stramonii. See stramo-
nium ointment.

ungues (un'-gwez) [pi. of unguis]. Nails, u.
adunci, hooked nails; see onychogryposis.

unguiculate (un-gwik'-u-lat) [unguis]. Having
nails or claws.

unguinal (un'-gwin-al) [unguis]. Pertaining to a
nail or to the nails.

unguis (un'-gwis) [L.]. 1. A nail. 2. The lac-
rimal bone.

ungula (un'-gil-lah) [L., "a claw"]. 1. An instru-
ment for extracting a dead fetus from the uterus. 2.
A hoof; a claw.

ungulate (ung'-gu-lat) [ungula, hoof]. Having
hoofs; applied to certain orders of mammalia.

uni- (il-ne-) [unus, one]. A prefix denoting one.

uniarticulate (u-ne-ar-tik'-u-lat) [uni-; articulus,
joint]. Having but one joint.

uniaxial (u-ne-aks'-e-al) [uni-; axis]. Having but
one axis.

unibasal (u-ne-ba'-sal) [uni-; basis, base]. Having
but one base.

unicamerate (u-ne-kam' -er-dt) [uni-; camera, cham-
ber]. Having but one cavity; unilocular.

unicellular (u-ne-seV -u-lar) [uni-; cellula, dim. of
cella, a cell]. Composed of but one cell.

unicentral (u-nis-en'-tral) [uni-; centrum, center].
Having a single center of growth.

uniceptor (u'-ne-sep-tor) [uni-; caper e, to take].
An antitoxin or receptor which has only one uniting
arm (viz., the haptophore group).

unicism (u'-nis-izm) [unicus, single]. The belief
that there is but a single venereal virus.

unicorn (u'-he-korn) [uni-; cornu, horn]. Having
a single horn. u. root. See Alelris. u. uterus, a
uterus with but a single cornu.

unicuspid (u-nik-us'-pid) [uni-; cuspis, point]. 1.
Having but a single cusp (as a tooth). 2. A tooth
with but a single cusp or point.

unifilar (u-ne-fi'-lar) [uni-; filum, a thread]. Con-
nected by one thread; furnished with one filament.

uniflagellate (u-nif-laj'-el-dt) [uni-; flagellum, a
tail]. Having a single flagellum.

uniforate (u-nif'-o-rat) [uni-; foratus, pierced].
Having one opening.

unigravida (u-ne-grav'-id-ah) [uni-; gravida, preg-
nant]. A woman who is pregnant for the first time.

unilaminar, unilaminate (u^ne-lam'-in-ar, -at) [uni-;
lamina, a layer]. Occurring in a single layer.

unilateral (u-ne-laf -er-al) [uni-; latus, side]. Per-
taining to or affecting but one side. y

unilobar, unilobed (u-ne-lo'-bar, u'-ne-lobd). Fur-
nished with one lobe.

unilocular (u-ne-lok' -u-lar) [uni-; loculus, dim. of
locus, a place]. Having but one loculus or cavity.

uninterrupted (un-in-ter-up'-ted) [un, not; inter-
rupted]. Continouus; not broken].

uninuclear, uninucleated (u-ne-nu' -kle-ar , u-ne-nu'-
kle-a-ted) [uni-; nucleus]. Having but a single nu-
cleus.

uniocular (u-ne-ok' -u-lar) [uni-; oculus, eye]. 1.
Pertaining to or performed with one eye. 2. Having
only one eye.

union (un'-yun). Joining. See under healing.

unioval (u-ne-o'-val) [uni-; ovum, egg]. Formed
from one ovum.

unipara (u-nip'-ar-ah) [uni-; par ere, to bear]. A
woman who has borne but one child.

uniparous (u-nip'-ar-us) [unipara]. 1. Having
borne but one child. 2. Producing one at a birth.

unipolar (u-ne-po'-lar) [uni-; polus, a pole]. 1.

UNISEXUAL

920

URANYL

Having but one pole or process. 2. Pertaining to one
pole.

unisexual (u-ne-seks'-u-al) [uni-; sexus, sex]. Pro-
vided with the sexual organs of one sex only.

unit (u'-nit) [unus, one]. 1. A single thing; a
group considered as a whole or as forming one of many-
similar groups composing a more complex body. 2.
A quantity with which others are compared, u.,
antitoxic, see u., immunizing, u., C. G. S., a unit in
the centimeter-gram-second system, u.s, electric,
unit of capacity, the farad ; unit of current, the ampere ;
unit of electromotive force, the volt; unit of power, the
watt; unit of quantity, the' coulomb; unit of resistance,
the ohm. u. of force, the dyne. u. of heat, the cal-
ory, u. of length, u. of volume, u. of weight. See
under weights and measures, u. of light, the light of a
standard candle, i. e., a spermaceti candle burning
120 grains an hour, u., physiological, a term used
by Herbert Spencer to express a unit between the
chemical and the morphological units in complexity,
and of an aggregation of which units the body is
composed, and which represents the character of
the species, u., serum-, u., immunizing, according
to Behring, 1 Cc. of an antitoxic blood-serum, of
which 0.1 Cc. protects a guinea-pig of 500 grams
against ten times the fatal dose of diphtheria toxin.
u., toxic, the smallest dose of a toxin which is capable
of proving fatal to a guinea-pig of about 250 grams
weight, in three or four days. u. of work, the
erg.

unitary {u'-nit-a-re) [unit]. 1. Pertaining to or
having the qualities of a unit. 2. Pertaining to
monsters having the organs of a single individual.
u. theory. 1. The theory that all disease is single
in its nature. 2. The theory that the serum of each
animal contains only one alexin or complement.

univalence (ji-niv'-al-ens) [uni-; valere, to be
worth]. The state of being univalent.

univalent (u-niv'-al-ent) [uni- ; valere, to be worth].
Having a valence of one; capable of replacing a single
hydrogen atom in combination.

universal (u-niv-ur'-sal) [universalis]. General,
u. joint, a ball-and-socket joint, movable in any
direction.

Unna's dermatosis (pon'-ah) [Paul Gerson Unna,
German dermatologist, 1850- ]. Seborrhea.
U.'s layer. See Langerhans' granular layer. U.'s
papillary hair, a complete hair and hair-follicle.
U.'s paste, a salve of zinc oxide in glycerine and
mucilage of acacia ; used in skin lesions. U.'s plasma-
cells, cubic or rhombic cells, found especially in
granulomatous inflammations, the protoplasm of
which stains deeply with methylene blue, while the
nucleus is readily decolorized (by creosote or styrone) .

unof . Abbreviation of unofficial.

unofficial (un-of-ish'-al). Not included in the
pharmacopeia; not sanctioned by recognized au-
thority.

unorganized (un-or'-gan-izd). Without organs;
not arranged in the form of an organ or organs.

unpolarized (un-po'-lar-izd). Not polarized.

unrest, peristaltic. A condition characterized by
spasmodic and irregular movements of the stomach
or intestine.

unsatisfied (un-sat'-is-fid). A term applied to a
hydrocarbon which has one or more free valences.

unsaturated (un-sat'-u-ra-ted) [un, not; saturated].
1. Not saturated. 2. A term applied to hydro-
carbons of the methane or paraffin series when their
greatest possible valence is not satisfied.

Unschuld's sign (pon'-shoolt) [Paulus Unschuld,
German physician, 1835- ]. A tendency to
cramps in the calf of the leg; it is an early sign in
diabetes.

unsex (un-seks'). To spay or castrate.

unsound (un-sownd'). Not healthy; diseased.

unsoundness {un-sownd' -nes). The state of being
unsound, u. of mind, incapacity to govern one's

unstriated (un-stri'-a-ted). Not striated, as un-
striated muscle.

ununited {un-u-nV -ted) . Not united, as an un-
united fracture.

unwell. 1. Ill; sick. 2. Menstruating.

upas (u'-pas) [Malay, upas, poison]. A name
applied to several trees found in the East Indies
and containing a poisonous principle. It is used as
an arrow-poison, u. antiar, Javanese arrow-poison;
it acts directly on the vasomotor centers, u. radju,
or u. tiente. See under strychnos tiente.

urachal (u'-ra-kal) [ovpaxos, urachus]. Pertaining
to the urachus.

urachus (u'-ra-kus) [ovpov, urine; exeiv, to hold].
The allantoic stalk connecting in the fetus the
bladder with the allantois, in after-life represented
by a fibrous cord passing from the apex of the bladder
to the umbilicus, u., patent, a condition in which
the urachus of the embryo does not become obliter-
ated, but persists to adult life.

uracil (u'-ra-sil) [ovpov, urine], C4H4N2O3. The
ureid of /3-oxy acrylic acid; also known in the form
of its derivatives.

uracrasia, uracratia (u-rak-ra'-ze-ah, u-rdk-ra'-she-
ah) [oipov, urine; anpaoia, incontinence]. Inconti-
nence of urine; enuresis, q. v.

uraemia {u-re'-me-ah). See uremia.
uraemic {u-re'-mik). See uremic.
uragogue (u-rag-og') [ovpov, urine; byuyos, drawing
forth]. Increasing urinary secretion; a diuretic.

ural, uralin, uralium (u'-ral, u'-ral-in, u-ra'-le-um)
[ovpov, urine]. Chloral-urethane, CChCH : OH.NH-
CO2C2H5, a hypnotic. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.).
urali (u-ra'-le). Synonym of curare.
uramil (u'-ram-il), C4H5N3O3. Amidobarbituric
acid, obtained by boiling alloxanthin with an am-
monium chloride solution.

ur amine {u' -ram-en). See guanidine.
uranalysis (u-ran-al'-is-is). Analysis of the urine.
urane (u'-ran). 1. Uranium oxide; it is used to
give a yellow fluorescence to glass. 2. A unit of
radio activity. See kilurane.

uranic (u-ran'-ik). Containing uranium as a
hexad radical, u. acid, uranium trioxide.
uranin {u'-ran-in). See fluorescein-sodium.
uraninite (u-ran'-in-it). Pitch-blende,
uraniscochasma (u-ran-is-ko-kaz'-mah) [ovpavtcicos,
the roof of the mouth; x^A"*. chasm]. Cleft palate,
uranisconitis (ii-ran-is-ko-ni'-tis) [uraniscus; itw,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the uraniscus, or
palate.

uraniscoplasty (u-ran-is'-ko-plas-le) [uraniscus ;
TrX&o-o-eiv, to form]. A plastic operation for the
repair of cleft palate.

uraniscorrhaphy (u-ran-is-kor'-a-fe) [uraniscus;
t>a<pri, suture]. Suture of a palatal cleft; staphylor-
rhaphy.

uraniscus (u-ran-is'-kus) [ovpavlaicos, the roof of
the mouth]. The palate.

uranism (u'-ran-izm) [Ovpavos, the Greek personi-
fication of heaven]. Sexual perversion in which the
desire is for individuals of the same sex.

uranist (u'-ran-ist). A sexual pervert having a
passion for one of his own sex.

uranium (u-ra'-ne-um) [ Uranus]. A heavy white
metal. See elements, table of chemical. Its phos-
phate and nitrate are used as tests for phosphoric
acid. The salts are very poisonous, u. acetate,
(U02)(C2H302)2+2H20; recommended in coryza in
solution as nasal douche, u. ammonium fluoride,
UO2 . F24NH4 . H2O, a greenish-yellow, crystalline
powder, used for the detection of Roentgen-rays,
u. nitrate, (HNOs)2U02 . 6H2O, used in diabetes.
Dose i-f gr. (0.014-0.026 Gm.) twice daily in aqueous
solution with saccharin, u. oxide, red, u. trioxide,
UO3, a reddish powder. Syn., uranic acid. u. x, a
radioactive precipitate obtained from uranium
nitrate by means of ammonium carbonate, u.
yellow, sodium uranate.

uranomania (u-ran-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ovpavos, palate;
fiavia, madness]. Religious mania with exaltation.

uranoplastic (u-ran-o-plas'-tik) [ovpavbs, palate;
Tr\ao-o-eiv, to form]. Belonging or pertaining to
uranoplasty.

uranoplasty (u'-ran-o-plas-te). Same as uranisco-
plasty.

uranoplegia (u-ran-o-ple'-jah) [ovpavos, palate;
v\r)vh, stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles of the soft
palate.

uranorrhaphy (u-ran-or'-af-e) [ovpavbs, palate;
pa<f>ri, seam]. See uraniscorrhaphy.

uranoschisis (u-ran-os'-kis-is) [ovpavos, palate;
o-xl<ris, a cleft]. Cleft palate.

uranoschism (u-ran'-o-skizm) [ovpavos, palate;
oxlvp-*, a cleft]. Cleft palate.

uranostaphyloplasty (u-ran-o-staf-il-o-plas-te) .

See uraniscoplasty.

uranostaphylorrhaphy {u-ran-o-staf-il-or -af-e)

[ovpavos, palate ; staphylorrhaphy]. Same as uraniscor-
rhaphy.

uranyl (fi'-ran-il). Uranium dioxide. See uranium.

URAPOSTEMA

921

URETEROPROCTOSTOMY

u.-ammonium fluoride. See uranium-ammonium
fluoride.

urapostema (u-ra-pos-te'-mah) [ovpov, urine; &w6o--
■njtia, abscess]. An abscess containing urine.

urare, urari (ii-rah'-re). See curare.

urarize (u'-ra-riz). To bring under the influence
of curare; curarize.

urarthritis (u-rar-thri'-tis). See arthritis urica.

urase (u'-ras). An insoluble enzyme associated
with the bacteria which ferment urea; it is very-
plentiful in the urine in catarrh of the bladder.

urasol (u'-rah-sol). Acetylmethylene-disalicylic
acid; an antiseptic, diaphoretic, and uric-acid solvent.

urate (fi'-rat) [ovpov, urine]. A salt of uric acid.

uratemia, urataemia (u-ra-te'-me-ah) [urate; alp.a,
blood]. An abnormally large quantity of urates in
the blood.

uratic (u-rat'-ik) [urate]. Pertaining to or charac-
terized by urates, u. diathesis, a condition in which
there is a tendency to the deposition of urates in the
joints and elsewhere; a tendency to gout. u. in-
spissation, uric acid infarct.

uratolysis (u-ra-tol'-is-is) [urate; Xveiv, to loosen].
The decomposition or solution of urates.

uratolytic (u-rat-o-lit'-ik) [urate; \veiv, to loosen].
Capable of dissolving urates.

uratoma (u-ra-to'-mah) [urate; ona, tumor; pi.,
uratomata]. A concretion composed of urates, and
occurring chiefly about the joints; a tophus.

uratosis (u-rat-o'-sis) [urate]. A morbid condition
marked by the deposit of urates.

uraturia (u-rat-u'-re-ah) [urate; ovpov, urine]. A
condition marked by an excess of urates in the urine.

urbanization {ur-ban-iz-a'-shun) [urbs, a city].
A term devised to express the tendency of modern
society to develop into cities at the expense of the
country population, with a consequent influence
upon disease, the death-rate, etc.

urceolate (ur'-se-o-ldt) [urceolus, a little pitcher or
urn]. Pitcher-shaped, urn-shaped.

urea (u-re'-ah) [ojpov, urine], CO(NH2)2. The
chief nitrogenous constituent of urine, and principal
end-product of tissue metamorphosis; it occurs also
in the blood, the lymph, and the liver. See biuret,
Schiff, Schroeder. u.-bromine, calcium bromo-
carbamide. u. enzyme, u. ferment. See urase.
u. quinate, a combination of urea and quinic acid;
used in the treatment of gout and uric concrements
in the kidneys. Daily dose 30-80 gr. (2-5 Gm.)
in 400 Cc. of hot water, u. salicylate, recommended
as a substitute for sodium salicylate. Dose 7 gr.
(0.45 Gm.) one to four times daily.

ureal (u'-re-aV) [urea]. Pertaining to or containing
urea.

ureameter (u-re-am'-e-ter) [urea; p.krpov, a measure].
An apparatus for determining the amount of urea
contained in a liquid.

ureametry (u-re-am'-et-re) [ureameter]. The deter-
mination of the amount of urea in a liquid.

urease (u'-re-as) . See urase.

TJrechites suberecta (u-rek-i'-tez sub-e-rek'-tah).
Savannah flower; yellow nightshade, a poisonous
West Indian plant.

urechitin (u-rek'-it-in), C28H42O8. A poisonous
glucoside from Urechites suberecta.

urechitoxin (ic-rek-it-oks'-in) [urechites; to^kov,
poison]. A highly poisonous principle from the
leaves of Urechites suberecta.

urechysis (u-rek'-is-is) [ovpov, urine; l/cxwis, an
effusion]. An effusion of urine into areolar tissue.

urecidin (u-re-si'-din). A proprietary preparation
of lemon-juice and lithium citrate for use in gout and
uric-acid diathesis.

uredema, urcedema (u-re-de'-mah) [ovpov, urine;
edema]. Distention of tissues from extravasation of
urine.

uredo (u-re'-do) [uredo, a blight]. 1. A genus of
fungi. 2. Urticaria. 3. A sensation of burning in
the skin.

ureid, ureide (ii' -re-id) [urea]. A compound of
urea and an acid radical.

ureine (u'-re-in). A yellow, oily liquid isolated
from the urine, and said to be the cause of the
symptoms observed in uremia.

urelcosis (u-rel-ko'-sis) [ovpov, urine; SXkcoo-is,
ulceration]. Ulceration of the urethra or urinary
organs.

uremia (u-re'-me-ah) [ovpov, urine; a\p.a, blood].
The symptoms due to the retention in the blood of
excrementitious substances normally excreted by the

kidneys; it is characterized by headache, vertigo,
vomiting, amaurosis, convulsions, coma, sometimes
hemiplegia, and a urinous odor of the breath.

uremic (u-rem'-ik, u-re'-mik) [uremia]. Due to
or characterized by uremia.

uremide (u'-rem-id). A skin eruption found in
cases of uremic poisoning.

ureometer (u-re-om'-et-er). See ureameter.

ureometry (u-re-om'-et-re). See ureametry.

ureorrhea (u-re-or-e'-ah) [ovpov, urine; pola, a flow].
Polyuria; an increased flow of urine.

urerythrin. See uroerythrin.

uresiesthesis (u-res-e-es' -thesis) [uresis; ato-^o-ts,
sensation]. Constant desire to urinate.

uresin (ii' -re-sin). A citrouro tropin dilithic salt,
useful as a uric-acid solvent.

uresis (u-re'sis) [ovprjo-i?]. Same as urination.

-uret (u-ret) . A suffix denoting a binary compound
of carbon, sulphur, etc., with another element; in
modern chemistry the suffix -ide is used.

uret (u'-ret). The group CH2NO; it replaces a
hydrogen atom in ammonia to form urea.

uretal (u'-ret-al). Same as ureteric.

ureter (u-re'-ter) [ovprj-Hip, ureter]. The long,
narrow tube conveying the urine from the pelvis
of the kidney to the bladder.

ureteral (u-re'-ter-al) [ureter]. Pertaining to the
ureter.

ureteralgia (u-re-ter-al '-je-ah) [ureter; aXyos, pain].
Pain in the ureter.

uretercystoscope (u-re-tursist'-o-skop) [ureter; cys-
ioscope]. Same as ureterocystoscope.

ureterectasis (u-ret-er-ek '-tas-is) [ureter; «rd<ns,
a stretching]. Dilatation of a ureter.

ureterectomy (u-re-ter-ek'-to-me) [ureter; iKToy.ii,
excision]. Excision of a ureter.

ureteric (u-re-ter'-ik) [ureter]. Pertaining to the
ureters or to a ureter.

ureteritis (u-re-ter-i'-tis) [ureter; wns, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a ureter.

uretero- (u-re-ter-o-) [ureter]. A prefix denoting
relating to the ureter.

ureterocele (u-re'-ter-osel) [uretero-; kt\\t\, hernia].
A hernia containing a ureter.

ureterocervical {u-re-ter-oser' -vik-aV) . Relating to
or connecting the ureter and the cervix uteri.

ureterocystoneostomy (u-re-ter-o-sist-o-ne-os' -to-
me). See ureterocystostomy.

ureterocystoscope (u-re-ter-osist'-oskop). An elec-
tric cystoscope holding in its grooved wall a catheter
for insertion into the ureter.

ureterocystostomy ifi-re-ter-o-sis-tos'-to-me) [ure-
tero-; kvo-tls, bladder; arop-a, mouth]. The surgical
formation of a communication between a ureter and
the bladder.

ureterodialysis (u-re-ter-o-di-al'-is-is) [uretero- ;
SiaXvtns, a breaking]. Rupture of the ureter.

ureteroenterostomy (u-re-ter-o-en-ter-os'-to-me)

[uretero-; b>repov, bowel; aToya, mouth]. Surgical
formation of a passage from a ureter to the intestine.

ureterography (u-ret-er-og'-raf-e) [uretero-; ypaxpeiv,
to write]. Radiography of the ureter after the in-
jection of some opaque substance.

ureterolith (u-re'-ter-o-lith) [uretero-; \idos, stone].
Calculus in the ureter.

ureterolithiasis (u-re-ter-o-lith-i' -as-is) [uretero-;
\ldot, stone]. The presence or formation of a calculus
in the ureter.

ureterolithotomy (u-re-ter-o-lith-ot'-o-me) . Incision
of the ureter for removal of a calculus.

ureterolysis (u-re-ter-ol'-is-is) [uretero-; Xvais, a
loosening]. Rupture of the ureter.

ureteroneocystostomy (u-re-ter-o-ne-o-sist-os' -to-
me). See ureterocystostomy.

ureteroneopyelostomy (u-re-ter-o-ne-o-pi-el-os' -to-
me) [uretero-; vkm, new; iri»e\os, trough; arbna, mouth].
Excision of part of a ureter and implantation into a
new aperture made into the pelvis of the kidney,
of the corresponding orifice of the ureteral end.

ureteronephrectomy (u-re-ter-o-nef-rek'-to-me) [ure-
tero-; v&j>p6s, kidney; Iktout), excision]. Removal of
the kidney and its ureter.

ureterophlegma (u-re-ter-o-fleg' -mah) [uretero- ;
4>\eyp.a, phlegm]. Accumulation of mucus in the
ureter.

ureterophlegmasia {u-re-ter-o-fleg-ma'-ze-ah). Same
as ureteritis.

ureteroplasty (u-re-ter-o-plas' -te) [uretero-; irXao-aeiv,
to form]. A plastic operation on a ureter.

ureteroproct ostomy (u-re-ter-o-prok-tos'-to-me)

URETEROPYELITIS

922

URIC ACID

[uretero-; irpoKros, anus; ardpa, mouth]. The surgical
formation of a passage from the ureter to the anus.

ureteropyelitis (u-re-ter-o-pi-el-i'-tis) [uretero-; py-
elitis]. Inflammation of a ureter and the pelvis of a
kidney.

ureteropyeloneostomy (u-re-ter-o-pi-el-o-ne-os'-

to-me). . See ureteroneopyelostomy.

ureteropyelonephritis (u-re-ter-o-pi-el-o-nef-ri'-tis) -.
Inflammation of the ureter and of the. kidney and its
pelvis.

ureteropyosis (u-re-ter-o-pi-o'-sis) [uretero-; pyosis].
Purulent inflammation of the ureter.

ureterorectostomy (u-re-ter-o-rek-tos'-to-me) [ure-
tero-; rectum; arop-a, mouth]. Ureteroproctostomy.

ureterorrhagia (u-re-ter-or-a'-je-ah) [uretero-; prjy-
vvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the ureter.

ureterorrhaphy (u-re-ter-or'-af-e) [uretero-; pa<f>r),
suture]. Suture of the ureter.

ureterostegnosis (u-re-ter-o-steg-no'-sis) [uretero- ;
arkyvmavs, stenosis]. Stenosis or constriction of the
ureter.

ureterostenoma (u-re-ter-o-sten-o'-mah) [uretero-;
aTkvufia, a narrow place]. Narrowing of the ureter.

ureterostenosis (u-re-ter-o-sten-o'-sis). See uretero-
stegnosis.

ureterostoma (u-re-ter-o-sto'-mah) [uretero-; o-rbp.a,
a mouth], i. The renal or the cystic opening or
mouth of the ureter. 2. A ureteral fistula.

ureterostomatic (u-re-ter-o-sto-mat'-ik). Relating
to the ureteral orifice, or to a ureteral fistula.

ureterostomy (u-re-ter-os'-to-me) [see ureterostoma].
The formation of a ureteral fistula.

ureterotomy (u-re-ter-ot'-o-me) [uretero-; ropA), a
cutting]. Incision of the ureter.

ureteroureteral (fi-re-ter-o-u-re' -ter-al) [ureter]. Per-
taining to both ureters, or to two parts of one ureter.
u. anastomosis. See ureteroureterostomy.

ureteroureterostomy (u-re-ter-o-u-re-ler-os'-to-me)
[uretero-; ureterostomy]. Surgical formation of a
passage between the ureters or between different
parts of the same ureter.

ureterouterine {u-re-ter-o-u'-ter-in) [uretero-; uter-
us]. Pertaining to the ureter and the uterus.

ureterovaginal (u-re-ter-o-vaj'-in-al) [uretero- ; vag-
ina]. Pertaining to the ureter and the vagina.

urethane (u'-reth-an) [urea; ether]. 1. C2H5CH2-
NO2, ethyl carbamate. A hypnotic. Dose 20-40
gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.). 2. In a wider sense, any ester of
carbamic acid is called a urethane. u. chloral. See
uralium. u., ethyl. See urethane (1).

urethra (u-re'-thrah) [obprjdpa, urethra]. The canal
through which the urine is discharged, extending
from the neck of the bladder to the meatus urinarius.
It is divided in the man into the prostatic portion,
the membranous portion, and the spongy or penile
portion, and is from 8 to 9 inches long. In the
woman it is about i| inches in length, u. muliebris,
female urethra, u. virilis, male urethra.

urethral (u-re'-thral) [urethra]. Pertaining to the
urethra; produced in or arising from the urethra, as
urethral fever, u. arthritis, gonorrheal rheumatism.

urethralgia {il-re-thral'-je-ah) [urethra; a\yos, pain].
Pain in the urethra.

urethrameter (u-re-thram'-e-ter). See urethrometer.

urethrascope (u-re'-thra-skop). See urethroscope.

urethratresia (u-re-thrat-re'-ze-ah) [urethra; atresia].
1. Occlusion of the urethra. 2. Imperforate urethra.

urethrectomy (u-re-threk'-to-me) [urethra; tKropr),
excision]. Excision of a urethra or a portion of it.

urethremorrhage (u-re-threm'-or-aj) [urethra; alpa,
blood; fayvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from
the urethra.

urethremphraxis {u-re-threm-frak'-sis). Seeurethro-
phraxis.

urethreurynter (u-re-throo-rin'-ter) [urethra ; ebpw^v,
to dilate]. An appliance for dilating the urethra.

urethrism, urethrismus (u'-re-thrizm, u-re-thriz'-
mus) [urethra]. Urethral irritability.

urethritis (u-re-thri'-tis) [urethra; ins, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the urethra, u., anterior,
inflammation of the part situated anterior to the
anterior layer of the triangular ligament, u., pos-
terior, inflammation of the prostatic and membranous
portions, u., simple, a nonspecific inflammation of
the urethra, u., specific, that due to the gonococcus;
gonorrhea, u. venerea, gonorrhea.

urethro- (u-re-thro-) [ovp-qdpa, urethra]. A prefix
denoting pertaining to the urethra.

urethrobulbar (u-re-thro-bul'-bar). Relating to the
urethra and the bulb of the corpus spongiosum.

urethrocele (u-re'-thro-sel) [urethro-; KyXri, a hernia].
A protrusion or thickening of the wall of the female
urethra.

urethrocystitis (u-re-thro-sis-ti'-tis) [urethro-; cysti-
tis]. Inflammation of the urethra and bladder.

urethrograph (u-re'-thro-graf) [urethro-; ypkfaiv,
to record]. A recording urethrometer.

urethrometer {u-re-throm' -et-er) [urethro-; pkrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for determining the
caliber of the urethra or for measuring the lumen of a
stricture.

urethropenile (u-re-thro*pe'-nil). Relating to the
urethra and the penis.

urethroperineal (u-re-thro-per-in-e'-al) . Relating
to the urethra and the perineum.

urethroperineoscrotal (u-re-thro-per-in-e-o-skro'-
tal) . Relating to the urethra, perineum, and scrotum.

urethrophraxis (u-re-thro-fraks'-is) [urethro-; <£pd£«,
a blocking]. Urethral obstruction.

urethroplasty (u-re'-thro-plas-te) [urethro- ; ir\a.o-<reti>,
to form]. Plastic operation upon the urethra.

urethroprostatic (u-re-thro-pros-tat'-ik). Relating
to the urethra and the prostate.

urethrorectal (u-re-thro-rek'-tal). Relating to the
urethra and the rectum.

urethrorrhagia (u-re-thror-a'-je-ah) [urethro-; fay-
vvvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the urethra.

urethrorrhaphy (u-re-thror'-af-e) [urethro-; pa^-q,
suture]. Suturing of an abnormal opening into the
urethra.

urethrorrhea, urethrorrhoea (u-re-thror-e'-ah) [ure-
thro-; poia, a flow]. A morbid discharge from the
urethra.

urethroscope (u-re'-thro-skop) [urethro-; o-nowdv,
to view]. An. instrument for inspecting the interior
of the urethra.

urethroscopic (u-re-thro-skop'-ik) . Relating to the
urethroscope.

urethroscopy (u-re-thros'-ko-pe) [see urethroscope].
Inspection of the urethra with the aid of the urethro-
scope.

urethrospasm (u-re'-thro-spazm) [urethro-; o-rra.ap.6s,
spasm]. A spasmodic stricture of the urethra.

urethrostenosis (u-re-thro-sten-o'-sis) [urethro- ; arkv-
wcrts, a constriction]. Stricture of the urethra.

urethrostomy (u-re-thros'-to-me) [urethro-; aro^a,
a mouth]. Perineal section with permanent fixation
of the membranous urethra in the perineum.

urethrotome iu-re'-thro-tom) [urethro-; rop.fi, a
cutting]. An instrument used for performing ure-
throtomy, u., dilating, a combined urethrotome and
dilator.

urethrotomy (u-re-throt'-o-me) [see urethrotome].
The operation of cutting a stricture of the urethra.
u., external, division of a stricture by an incision
from without, u., internal, division of a urethral
stricture from within the urethra.

urethroureteral (u-re-thro-u-re' -ter-al) [urethro-;
ureter]. Relating to the urethra and the ureter.

urethrovaginal {u-re-thro-vaj'-in-al) [urethro-; vag-
ina]. Pertaining to the urethra and the vagina.

urethrovesical {u-re-thro-ves'-ik-al) [urethro-; vesica,
bladder]. Pertaining to the urethra and the bladder.

urethylane (ii-reth'-il-an), C2H5NO2. A colorless
crystalline substance soluble in water and alcohol;
used as a hypnotic and a diuretic.

uretic (u-ret'-ik) [ovpijrtKds]. 1. Pertaining to
urine; stimulating the flow of urine. 2. An agent
or medicine that stimulates the flow of urine.

Urgens' reaction for sulphocyanates in saliva.
Add to the saliva a saturated solution of hydriodic
acid 1 part and starch-paste 5 partsj if sulphocyanates
are present, a blue tint appears. The sulphocyanates
of potassium and sodium normally present in saliva
are usually absent in chronic suppurative conditions
of the middle ear, and the progress of the disease
can be estimated by the presence and extent of the
reaction.

Urginea (ur-jin'-e-ah) [urgere, to press]. A genus
of liliaceous plants. U. scilla, the plant that pro-
duces the official squill. See scilla.

urgosan (ur'-go-san). Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing hexamethylenamine and gonosan.

urhidrosis (u-ri-dro'-sis). Uridrosis.

urian (u'-re-an). Urochrome.

uriasis (u-ri'-as-is). See lithiasis.

uric (u'-rik) [ovpov, urine]. Pertaining to the urine.

uric acid {u'-rik) [ovpov, urine], CsH«N40j. A
dibasic acid; one of the nitrogenous end-products of
metabolism. It is found in the urine and in the

URICACIDEMIA

923

UROBILINICTERUS

spleen. Its accumulation in the blood (lithemia,
uricacidemia) is associated with marked disturbances,
and, according to some writers, produces the phe-
nomena of gout. It may also form urinary calculi.
See Denige, Dietrich, Garrod, v. Jaksch, murexide,
Schiff.

uricacidemia, uricacidaemia (u-rik-as-id-e' -me-ah)
\uric acid; alua, blood]. The presence of an excess
of uric acid in the blood ; also the condition associated
with an excess of uric acid in the blood, and charac-
terized by various nervous symptoms, and perhaps
also responsible for the phenomena of gout.

uricaciduria (u-rik-as-id-u'-re-ah) [uric acid; urine].
The presence of an excess of uric acid in the urine.

uricase (u'-rik-as). A hydrolytic enzyme capable
of converting uric acid into allantoin; it is found in
some of the lower animals.

uricedin (ii-ris-e'-din) [uric acid]. A proprietary
remedy for gout, consisting of sodium sulphate,
sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and small quantities
of the citrates and phosphates of potassium and
calcium.

uricemia, uricaemia (u-re-se' -me-ah). See uricacid-
emia.

uricolysis (u-rik-ol'-is-is) [uric acid; Xwns, a loosen-
ing]. The cleavage of uric acid.

uricolytic (u-rik-o-lit'-ik) [uric acid; \vais, loosen-
ing]^ Pertaining to or causing uricolysis.

uricometer (u-rik-om' -et-er) [uric acid; perpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for the quick quantitative
estimation of uric acid in urine.

uridrosis (u-rid-ro'-sis) [urine; iSpws, sweat].
The secretion of a sweat containing urea, uric acid,
or other urinary constituents which may be deposited
in crystalline form upon the skin (uridrosis crystal-
Una).

uriesthesis, uriaesthesis (u-re-es' -thesis). Seeures-
iesthesis.

uriform (u'-rif-orm). Trade name of a urinary
antiseptic containing hexamethylenamine, saw
palmetto, santal, damiana, coca, and nux vomica.

urina (u-ri'-nah) [L.]. Uiine. u. chyli. See u.
cibi. u. cibi, the urine excreted after a full meal.
u. cruenta, bloody urine, u. galactodes, milk-
colored urine, u. hysterica, the pale, watery urine,
passed during or after an hysterical attack, u.
jumentosa, cloudy urine, u.-potus, the urine passed
after copious drinking, u. sanguinis, the urine
secreted independently of food and drink, such as on
rising in the morning, u. spastica. Same as u.
hysterica.

urinaccelerator (u-rin-ak-sel'-er-a-tor) [urine; ac-
celerare, to accelerate]. The accelerator urinae.
See under muscle.

urinaemia (u-rin-e1 -me-ah) . See urinemia.

urinal (u'-rin-al) [urine]. A vessel for receiving
urine.

urinalysis (u-rin-al'-is-is) [urine; Xwns, a loosening].
Analysis of the urine.

urinary (u'-rin-a-re) [urine]. Pertaining to the
urine, u. apparatus, u. system, u. organs, u. bladder.
See bladder, u. calculus, a stony concretion found in
the urinary passages, u. canal, a primitive urinary
passage, u. cast, a tube-cast. u. organs, the organs
concerned in the secretion and excretion of the
urine, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and
urethra, u. sediment, the deposit formed after
urine has been allowed to stand for some hours in a
vessel, u. stammering. See bladder, stammering.

urinaserum (u-rin-ase'^rum). A serum used as a
test for serum. It is derived from an animal into
which albuminous urine has been injected. It pre-
cipitates albumin in the urine and in exudates of an
animal of the same species as that from which the
albuminous urine was obtained.

urinate (u'-rin-at) [urine]. To discharge urine
from the bladder.

urination (u-rin-a' -shun) [urine]. The act of
voiding urine.

urine (u'-rin) [urina, urine]. The fluid excreted
by the kidneys. In health urine has an amber
color, a slightly acid reaction, a faint odor, a saline
taste, and a specific gravity of about 1018. The
average quantity excreted in 24 hours is about 1200
Cc. or 40 oz., of which about 62.5 Gm. are solids.
Among the solids, urea is the most important, of
which 35 Gm. are excreted in the day. Other solid
constituents are uric acid (0.7s Gm. in the day),
hippuric acid, creatinin, and other extractives,
sodium chloride, phosphates and sulphates of calcium,

magnesium, potassium, and sodium. The most
important abnormal constituents present in disease
are albumin, sugar, blood, pus, acetone, diacetic
acid, fat, chyle, tube-casts, various cells, and bacteria.
u., incontinence of, inability to retain the urine.
See enuresis, u., residual, urine that remains in the
bladder after urination in proslatic hypertrophy and
in cystic disease, u., retention of, inability to pass
the urine. See ischuria, u., suppression of. See
ischuria.

urinemia, urinaemia (u-rin-e' -me-ah) [urine ; alua,
blood]. The presence of urinary constituents in the
blood; uremia.

uriniferous (u-rin-if-er-us) [urine; ferre, to bear].
Carrying or conveying urine, as uriniferous tubule.

urinific (u-rin-if'-ik) [urine; facer e, to make].
Excreting or producing urine.

uriniparous (ii-rin-ip'-ar-us) [urine; par ere, to
produce]. Secreting urine.

urino- (u-rin-o-) [urine]. A prefix denoting relation
to the urine.

urinocryoscopy (u-rin-o-kri-os'-ko-pe) [urino-; Kpvos,
cold; aicoirelv, to examine]. Cryoscopy applied to
urine.

urinogenital (u-rin-o-jen'-it-al) [urino-; yewav, to
produce]. Urogenital.

urinoglucosometer (u-rin-o-gloo-kosom' -et-er). An
apparatus for quantitative estimation of glucose in
the urine.

urinologist (u-rin-ol'-o-jist). One skilled in urin-
ology.

urinology (u-rin-ol'-o-je). See urology.

urinoma (u-rin-o' -mah) [urino-; 6p.a, a tumor].
A cyst containing urine.

urinometer (u-rin-om' -et-er) [urino-; \ikrpov, a
measure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining the specific
gravity of urine.

urinometry (u-rin-om' -et-re) [see urinometer]. The
determination of the specific gravity of the urine by
means of the urinometer.

urinoscopic (u-rin-oskop'-ik) [urino-; anoiriiv, to
examine]. Pertaining to examination of the urine.

urinoscopy (u-rin-os'-ko-pe). See uroscopy.-

urinose, urinous (u'-rin-os, u'-rin-us) [urine].
Having the characters of urine, as a urinose odor.

uriseptin (u-ris-ep' -tin) . Trade name of a prepara-
tion containing formaldehyde and lithia; it is said to
be a diuretic and genito-urinary antiseptic.

urisolvent (u-ris-oV -vent) . Dissolving uric acid.

urisolvin (u-resol'-vin). A compound of urea and
lithium citrate, a uric-acid solvent and diuretic.

uristamine (u-ris'-tam-en). A trade name for a
brand of hexamethylenetetramine.

uritis (u-ri'-tis) [urere, to burn; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation following a burn.

uritone (u'-rit-on). A trade name for a brand of
hexamethylenetetramine.

urning (urn'-ing) [Opvavos, the Greek personi-
fication of heaven]. A homosexual individual; a
pervert in whom the desire is only for individuals of
the same sex.

urnism (urn'-izm). See uranism.

uro- ifi-ro-) [ovpov, urine]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to urine or uric acid.

uroacidimeter (u-ro-as-id-im' -et-er); An instru-
ment for measuring the acidity of the urine.

uroammoniac (u-ro-am-o'-ne-ak). Relating to or
containing uric acid and ammonia.

uroazotometer (u-ro-az-ot-om '-et-er) . An apparatus
for quantitative estimation of the nitrogenous
substances in urine.

urobacillus (u-ro-bas-il'-us) [uro-; bacillus]. A
bacillus occurring in urine, particularly in decom-
posing urine.

urobenzoic acid (u-ro-ben-zo' -ik) . Hippuric acid.

urobilin (u-ro-biV -in) [uro-; bile], C32H40N4O7. A
yellowish-brown, amorphous pigment derived from
bilirubin. It is the principal pigment of the urine,
and is increased in febrile and other conditions. See
Gerhardt, Grinbert. u.-jaundice, a jaundice supposed
to be due to the presence of urobilin in the blood.
u., pathogenic, the excessive coloring matter, of
certain dark urines occurring in various diseases, as
pernicious anemia, febrile diseases, etc.

urobilinemia, urobilinasmia (u-ro-bil-in-e' -me-ah)
[urobilin; alp.a, blood]. The presence of urobilin in
the blood.

urobilinicterus (u-ro-bil-in-ik'-ter-us). Pigmenta-
tion of the skin, cornea, etc., from absorption of
extravasated blood and contained urobilin.

UROBILINOGEN

924

URORHODIN

urobilinogen {u-ro-bil-in'-o-jen). A chromogen
from which urobilin is formed by oxidation when
urine is allowed to stand.

urobilinoidin (u-ro-bil-in-oid' -in) . A form of
urinary pigment derived from hematin and resembling
urobilin, though not identical with it. It occurs in
certain pathological conditions.

urobilinuria (u-ro-bil-in-u'-re-ah) [urobilin; urine].
The presence of an excess of urobilin in the urine.

urobromohematin (u-ro-bro-mo-he' -mat-in), C68H94-
NsFe2026. A coloring matter found in the urine of
leprous patients; it is closely allied to the coloring-
matter of the blood.

urocanin (u-ro-kan'-in). See under urocaninic
acid.

urocaninic acid (u-ro-kan-in'-ik) [uro-; cams, a
dog], C6H6N2O2+2H2O. An acid found in the urine
of dogs when there is a diminution in the amount of
urea. By heating it is decomposed into carbonic
acid, water, and a base, urocanin, C11H10N4O.

urocele (u'-ro-sel) [uro-; /ojXtj, a tumor]. A swelling
of the scrotum from extravasation of urine.

urocheras (u-rok'-er-as) [uro-; x«pas, sand]. The
sandy substance deposited from standing urine.

urochesia (fi-ro-ke'-ze-ah) [uro-; x%eit>, to defecate].
Discharge of urine through the anus.

urochrome (u'-ro-krom) [uro-; xpw/m, color]. A
yellow coloring-matter found in urine, supposed to
be impure urobilin.

urocinetic. See urokinetic.

uroclepsia (u-ro-klep'-se-ah) [uro-; /cXe^i'a, theft].
Unconscious discharge of urine.

urocol (u'-ro-kol). A trade name for a preparation
containing urea quinate (urol) and colchicine; used
in gout.

urocrisis, urocrisia (u-rok'-ris-is, u-ro-kris'-e-ah)
[uro-; crisis]. 1. A disease crisis attended with
excessive urination. 2. Diagnosis by examination of
the urine. _ 3. A vesical crisis; see vesical.

urocriterion (u-ro-kri-te'-re-on). In diagnosis by
inspection of urine, the indication which determines
the diagnosis.

urocyanin (u-ro-si'-an-in) . See uroglaucin.

urocyanogen (u-ro-si-an'-o-jen) [uro-; kvolvos, blue].
A blue pigment found in urine, particularly in cases
of cholera.

urocyanose {u-ro-si'-an-os). See urocyanogen.

urocyanosis (u-ro-si-an-o'-sis) [uro-; icvavos, blue].
Blue discoloration of the urine from the presence of
indican.

urocyst, urocystis (u'-ro-sist, u-ro-sist'-is) [uro-;
kvvtls, bladder]. The urinary bladder.

urocystic (u-ro-sis'-tik). Pertaining to the urinary
bladder.

urocystitis (u-ro-sis-ti'-tis) [urocyst; ins, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the urinary bladder;
cystitis.

urodialysis (u-ro-di-aV-is-is) [uro-; SidXuo-n, a
cessation]. Partial and temporary cessation of the
secretion of urine.

urodochium (u-ro-do-ki'-um) [uro-; 8ox<=loi>, re-
ceptacle]. A urinal.

urodynia (u-ro-din'-e-ah) [uro-; 6Svvi], pain].
Painful micturition.

urcedema {u-re-de'-mah). See ur edema.

uroerythrin {u-ro-er' -ith-rin) [uro-; ipvOpos, red].
An amorphous, reddish pigment with an acid reac-
tion, occurring in the urine in rheumatic and other
diseases.

urofuscohematin (u-ro-fus-ko-hem'-at-in) [uro-;
fuscus, dark; hematin]. A red pigment derived
from hematin, occurring in the urine.

urogaster (u'-ro-gas-ter) [uro-; yaariip, stomach].
The urinary intestine or urinary passages collect-
ively.

urogenin (u-roj'-en-in) . Trade name of a diuretic
said to contain lithium, hippuric acid and theo-
bromine. _

urogenital (tl-ro-jen'-it-al) [uro-; genital]. Pertain-
ing to the urinary and genital organs, u. ducts.
See ducts of Mueller, u. sinus, the anterior part of
the cloaca, into which the urogenital ducts open.

urogenous {u-roj'-en-us) [uro-; ytwav, to produce].
Producing urine.

uroglaucin (u-ro-glaw'-sin) [uro-; y\avKos, bluish-
green]. A blue pigment, at times occurring in urine,
as in scarlatina, and supposed to result from the
oxidation of a chromogen.

uroglycosis {u-ro-gli-ko'-sis) [uro-; y\vKvs, sweet].
Diabetes mellitus.

urogravimeter (u-ro-grav-im'-et-er). See urinom-
eter.

urohematin (u-ro-hem'-at-in) [uro-; hematin].
Altered hematin in the urine.

urohematoporphyrin {u-ro-hem-at-o-por' -fir-in) [uro-
hematin; ir6p<j>vpos, purple]. Urohematin; a urinary-
pigment occasionally occurring in the urine in certain
pathological states.

urokinetic, urocinetic (u-ro-kin-et'-ik) [uro-; xfoiio-w,
movement]. Due to a reflex from the urinary
apparatus; generally used of a form of dyspepsia due
to irritation or disease of the urinary tract.

urol (u'-rol). 1. See urea quinate. 2. A trade
name for a preparation containing urea quinate.

urolagnia (u-ro-lag'-ne-ah) [uro-; \ayvela, lust].
A form of sexual perversion in which sexual excite-
ment is produced by the sight of urine or of a person
urinating.

urolite (u'-ro-ltt). Same as urolith.

urolith (u'-ro-lith) [uro-; \i60s, a stone]. A calculus
occurring in the urine.

urolithiasis {u-ro-lith-i'-a-sis) [uro-; lithiasis].
1. The presence of or a condition associated with
urinary calculi. 2. The formation of urinary calculi.

urolithic (u-ro-lith'-ik) [uro-; Xi'0os, a stone]. Per-
taining to, or having the nature of urinary calculi.

urolithology (u-ro-lith-ol'-o-je) [urdlith; X670S,
science]. The science of urinary calculi.

urologic {u-ro-loj'-ik) [uro-; \6yos, science]. Per-
taining to urology.

urologist (u-rol'-o-jist). One versed in urology.

urology (u-rol'-o-je) [uro-; Xo-yos, science]. The
scientific study of the urine.

urolutein (u-ro-lu'-te-in) [uro-; luteus, yellow].
A yellow pigment sometimes found in urine.

urolytic (u-ro-lit'-ik) [uro-; \teiv, to loosen]. Ca-
pable of dissolving urinary calculi.

uromancy (fi'-ro-man-se) [uro-; navrela, divination].
Diagnosis or prognosis by observation of the urine.

uromelanin (u-ro-mel'-an-in) [uro-; melanin]. A
black pigment sometimes found in the urine, derived
from the decomposition of urochrome.

uromelus (u-rom'-e-lus) [ovp&, tail; /ueXos, a limb].
A monster in which there is more or less complete
fusion of the limbs, with but a single foot.

urometer (y,-rom'-et-er). See urinometer.

uromphalus {u-rom'-fal-us) [urachus; 6n<f>a\6s,
navel]. A monstrosity with the urachus protruding
at the navel.

uroncus (u-rong'-kus) [uro-; 6yKos, tumor]. A
tumor or swelling containing urine.

uronephrosis (u-ro-nef-ro'-sis) [uro-; nephrosis].
See hydronephrosis.

uronology (u-ron-ol'-o-je). See urology.

urophan (u'-ro-fan) [uro-; tpalveiv, to appear]. A
generic name for substances which, taken into the
body, appear again unchanged chemically in the urine.

urophanic (u-ro-fan'-ik) [see urophan]. Appearing
in the urine.

urophein (u-ro-fe'-in) [uro-; <paios, gray]. A pig-
ment body to which the characteristic odor of the
urine has been ascribed.

uropherin {u-rof-er-in). Lithiotheobromine salicyl-
ate; a white powder, soluble in water, used as a
diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., lithium
diuretin. u. benzoate, LiC7H7N402-r-LiC6HsC02,
theobromine and lithium benzoate, a fine white
powder containing 50 % of theobromine; it is a
diuretic and nerve stimulant, u. salicylate, LiC7-
H7N402+LiC7Hs03, theobromine and lithium salicyl-
ate, a white powder used as the benzoate.

urophthisis (u-roff-thi'-sis) [uro-; phthisis]. Syno-
nym of diabetes mellitus.

uropittin (u-ro-pit'-in) [uro-; irlrra, pitch], C9H10-
N2O3. A nitrogenous derivative of urochrome.

uroplania {u-ro-pla'-ne-ah) [uro-; ir\avn, a wander-
ing]. The presence of urine in other localities than
the urinary organs; the discharge of urine from an
abnormal orifice.

uropoiesis (u-ro-poi-e'-sis) [uro-; iroikiv, to make].
Secretion of the urine by the kidneys.

uropoietic (u-ro-poi-et'-ik) [see uropoiesis]. Con-
cerned in uropoiesis.

uropsammus (u-rop-sam'-us) [uro-; ^ap.p.os, sand].
Urinary gravel.

uropyoureter (u-ro-pi-o-u-re'-ler). An infected
uroureter.

urorhodin (u-ro-ro'-din) [uro-; pobov, rose]. A red
pigment found in urine and derived from uroxan-
thin.

URORHODINOGEN

925

UTERINE

urorhodinogen (u-ro-ro-din'-o-jen) [urorhodin; yev-
vav, to produce]. The chromogen which by decom-
position produces urorhodin.

urorosein {u-ro-ro'-ze-in) [uro-; rosa, rose]. A rose-
colored pigment found in the urine in various dis-
eases.

urorrhagia (u-ror-a'-je-ah) [uro-; prjyvvvai, to burst
forth]. Excessive secretion and discharge of urine.

urorrhea, urorrhoea (u-ror-e'-ah) [uro-; poLa, a
flow], i. The normal flow of urine. 2. Involuntary
passage of urine.

urorubin (u-ro-roo'-bin) [uro-; ruber, red]. A red
pigment obtained by treating urine with hydrochloric
acid, and also in the preparation of uropittin.

urorubrohematin (u-ro-roo-bro-hem'-at-in). See
urobromohematin.

urosacin (u-ro'-sas-in). See urorhodin.

urosanol (u-ro-sa'-nol). The trade name of a
solution of protargol in gelatin, used in urethritis.

uroscheocele (ii-ros'-ke-o-sel). See urocele.

uroschesis (u-ros'-kes-is) [uro-; <rxe<m, retention].
Suppression of urine.

uroscopic (u-ro-skop'-ik). Same as urinoscopic.

uroscopist (u-ros'-ko-pist) [see uroscopy]. One who
makes a specialty of urinary examinations.

uroscopy (u-ros'-ko-pe) [uro-; <ncoireiv, to view].
Examination of the urine.

urosemiology (u-ro-se-mi-ol'-o-je) [uro-; semi-
ology]. Examination of the urine as an aid to
diagnosis.

urosepsin (fi-ro-sep'-sin). The toxin concerned
in urosepsis.

urosepsis (u-ro-sep'-sis) [uro-; c^is, sepsis].
The condition of intoxication due to the extravasation
of urine.

uroseptic (u-ro-sep'-tik) [see urosepsis]. Relating
to or characterized by urosepsis.

uroses (u-ro'-sez). See urosis.

urosin (u'-ro-sin). Lithium quinate, a uric-acid
solvent. Dose 75 gr. 6 to 10 times daily.

urosis {u-ro'-sis) [uro-; vboos, disease; pi., uroses].
Any disease of the urinary organs.

urospasm {u'-ro-spazm) [uro-; viraap.6s, spasm].
Spasm of some part of the urinary tract.

urospectrin (u-ro-spek'-trin). A pigment similar
to hematoporphyrin obtained from normal urine
by shaking the urine with acetic ether.

urostealitb. (fi-ro-ste'-al-ith) [uro-; crreap, fat; Xt0ost|
stone]. A fat-like substance occurring in some
urinary calculi.

urosteatoma (u-ro-ste-at-o'-mah). See urostealitk.

urotheobromine (u-ro-the-o-bro'-min). See para-
xanthin.

urotoxia {u-ro-toks'-e-ah). Same as urotoxy.

urotoxic (u-ro-toks'-ik) [uro-; to^lkov, poison].
1. Pertaining to poisonous substances eliminated in
the urine. 2. Pertaining to poisoning by urine or
some of its constituents, u. coefficient, the number
of urotoxies formed in 24 hours by one kilogram of
an individual. The normal urotoxic coefficient
in man is about 0.4, i. e., a man produces for each
kilogram of body-weight 0.4 urotoxies, or sufficient
poison to kill 400 Gm. of animal, u. unit, a urotoxy.

urotoxicity (u-ro-toks-is'-it-e). The toxic quality
of urine.

urotoxin (u-ro-toks'-in) . The poison of urine.

urotoxy (u'-ro-toks-e) [see urotoxic; pi., urotoxies].
The unit of toxicity of urine — the amount necessary
to kill a kilogram of living substance.

urotropin (u-ro-tro'-pin), (CH2)eN4, hexamethyl-
entetramine; obtained by action of formaldehyde on
ammonia. A uric-acid solvent. Daily dose 8-30
gr. (0.5-2.0 Gm.). u. quinate, used in gout and as
a uric-acid solvent.

uroureter (u-ro-u-re'-ter). A "partial or complete ,
non-evacuation of the urine from the ureter.

urous {u'-rus) [ovpov, urine]. Having the nature
of urine, u. acid, uric acid.

uroxanthin (u-ro-zan'-thin) [uro-; Zav66s, yellow].
A yellow pigment occurring in human urine and
yielding indigo-blue on oxidation. Indigogen.

uroxin (u-roks'-in). Same as alloxantin.

urozemia (u-ro-ze'-me-ah) [uro-; fj?Au'a, loss].
Diabetes, u. albuminosa, Bright's disease, u.
mellita, diabetes mellitus.

urrhodin (u'-rod-in). See urorhodin.

vasal (ur'-sal). See urea salicylate.

ursin {ur'-sin). See arbutin.

ursone (ur'-son). See ericolin.

urtica {ur'-tik-ah) [L.]. Nettle. 1. A genus of

plants of the order Urticacece. U. dioica, the com-
mon nettle, and U. urens, the dwarf nettle, are used
as diuretics, local irritants, and hemostatics. 2. A
wheal.

urticaria (ur-lik-a'-re-ah) [urtica]. A disease of the
skin characterized by the development of wheals,
which give rise to sensations of burning and itching.
They appear suddenly in large or small numbers,
remain for from a few minutes to several hours, and
disappear suddenly. The disease may be acute or
chronic, and is due to agencies acting upon the
vasomotor system, such as gastrointestinal disorders,
the ingestion of certain foods, as shell-fish, straw-
berries, etc. Syn., hives; nettlerash. u. bullosa, a
form characterized by the formation of bullae,
u. conferta, a form in which the lesions are grouped.
u. evanida, a form marked by sudden vanishing and
reappearance of the symptoms, u. factitia, u., fac-
titious, the form produced in individuals with an
irritable skin by any slight external irritation. Syn.,
dermographia; dermographism, u., giant, u. gigans.
See u. oedematosa. u. haemorrhagica, purpura
urticans, a variety characterized by hemorrhage
into the wheals from rupture of the extremely con-
gested capillaries; it is regarded as a variety of
erythema multiforme, u. medicamentosa, a variety
due to the use of certain drugs, u. cedematosa,
giant urticaria, a variety characterized by the sudden
appearance of large, soft, edematous swellings of the
skin and subcutaneous tissue, which may measure
several inches in diameter, u. papulosa, a form
occurring in children, in which, as a result of the
inflammatory effusion, a small, solid papule remains
after the subsidence of the wheal. Syn., Lichen
urticatus, u. pigmentosa, a rare type which begins
within the first few months of life and consists of
large, reddish, wheal-like tubercles that eventually
change to a brownish-red or yellowish color, u.
tuberosa, a form in which the wheals assume a tuber-
ous form and become very large — as big as a walnut,
hen's egg, or even larger, u. vesiculosa, urticaria
characterized by the presence of vesicles.

urticarial, urticarious (ur-tik-a'-re-al, ur-tik-a'-re-
us). Pertaining to urticaria.

urticate (ur'-tik-at) [urticare, to sting]. 1. To
sting like a nettle. 2. To flagellate with nettles.

urtication {ur-tik-a'-shun) [urtica]. 1. Flagellation
with nettles, a method of treatment formerly em-
ployed in paralysis and to produce local irritation.
2. A sensation as if one had been stung by nettles.

usane (u'-san). A local anesthetic used in den-
tistry.

Uskow's pillars (00s' -kof). In the embryo, two
folds or ridges which grow from the dorsolateral
region of the body-wall and unite with the septum
transversum to form the diaphragm.

Usnea (us'-ne-ah) . A genus of lichen or tree moss.

XJ. S. P., U. S. Phar. Abbreviation for United
States Pharmacopoeia.

Ustilago (us-lil-a'-go) [L.]. A genus of parasitic
fungi — the smuts. U. maydis, corn-smut, is a
fungus parasitic upon maize or Indian corn. In
properties it resembles ergot of rye.

ustion (us'-chun) [ustio; urere, to burn]. A
burning. In chemistry, incineration. In surgery,
cauterization.

ustulation {us -til-la' -shun) [L., ustulatio]. The
act of roasting, drying, or parching.

ustus (us'-tus) [urere, to burn]. Calcined; burned.

usure (u'-zjur) [uti, to use]. Circumscribed atro-
phy of a part or organ through pressure of neoplasms
which have developed from it, of aneurysms, or
through primary fatty degeneration, u. des carti-
lages articulaires, osteoarthritis.

uta (oo'-lah). Peruvian vernacular term for a
dermatophytic process analogous to Biskra button.

utend. (u'-tend). Abbreviation of ulendus, to be used.

uteralgia {u-ter-aV -je-ah) [uterus; 0X701, pain].
Pain in the uterus.

uterectomy (u-ter-ek'-to-me). Same as hysterectomy.

uterine {u'-ter-en) [uterus]. Pertaining to the
uterus, u. appendages, the ovaries and oviducts.
u. milk. 1. A fluid between the villi of the placenta
in the cow. 2. The small quantity of albuminous
fluid contained in the small spaces between the
epithelial covering of the villi of the chorion and the
crypts or depressions in the decidua. u. pregnancy,
normal pregnancy, u. souffle, a vascular sound
heard on auscultation through the abdominal wall
between the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy.

UTERISM

926

UVULA

uterism (u'-ter-izm). Uteralgia.

uteritis (ii-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation of the uterus.
See metritis.

utero- (fi-ter-o-) [uterus]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the uterus.

uteroabdominal {u-ter-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [uterus; ab-
domen]. Pertaining to the uterus and the abdomen.

uterocervical (u-ter-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the
uterus and the cervix of the uterus.

uterocolic {u-ter-o-kol'-ik). Relating to the uterus
and the colon.

uterofixation (u-ter-o-fiks-a'-shun). See hystero-
pexy.

uterogastric (u-ter-o-gas'-lrik). Relating to the
uterus and the stomach.

uterogestation (u-ter-o-jes-ta'-shun) [utero-; gestatio,
gestation]. Gestation within the cavity of the uterus;
normal pregnancy.

uterointestinal {u-ter-o-in-tes'-tin-al). Relating to
the uterus and the intestine.

uteromania {u-ter-o-ma'-ne-ah) . See nymphomania.

uterometer (u-ter-om'-et-er) [utero-; ukrpov, meas-
ure]. An instrument used to accurately measure
the uterus and determine its position.

utero-ovarian (u-ter-o-o-va'-re-an) [utero-; ovary].
Pertaining to the uterus and the ovary.

uteroparietal iu-ier-o-pa-ri'-et-al) [utero-; paries,
wall]. Pertaining to the uterus and the abdominal
wall, applied to a form of hysteropexy.

uteropelvic (u-ter-o-pel'-vik). Pertaining to -the
uterus and the pelvis.

uteropexia, uteropexy {u-ter-o-peks' -e-ah, u'-ter-o-
peks-e). See hysteropexy.

uteroplacental (u-ter-o-pla-sen'-tal) [utero-; pla-
centa]. Pertaining to the uterus and the placenta.
u. vacuum, the vacuum caused by the traction upon
the funis of a detached placenta, causing it to cling
to the uterine wall.

uterorectal (u-ter-o-rek'-tal). Relating to the
uterus and the rectum.

uterosacral (u-ter-o-sa'-kraV) [utero-; sacrum].
Pertaining to the uterus and the sacrum.

uteroscope {u'-ter-o-skop) [utero-; oko-kHv, to in-
spect]. A uterine speculum.

uterotome (u'-ter-o-tom) [utero-; rom, a cutting].
A cutting instrument used in uterotomy. See
hysterotome.

uterotomy {u-ter-ot'-o-me) . See hysterotomy.

uterotonic (u-ter-o-ton'-ik). Supplying muscular
tone to the uterus.

uterotractor (u-ter-o-trak'-tor) [utero-; trahere, to
draw]. A variety of forceps having several teeth
on each blade employed in making traction on the
cervix uteri.

uterotubal (u-ter-o-tu'-bal). Relating to the uterus
and the oviducts.

uterovaginal (u-ter-o-vaj'-in-al). Relating to the
uterus and vagina.

uteroventral (u-ter-o-vent'-ral) [utero-; venter, the
belly]. Relating to the uterus and the abdomen.

uterovesical (u-ter-o-ves'-ik-al). Relating to the
uterus and the bladder. ■■•••'.

uterus (ii'-ter-us) [L.]. The womb; the organ of
gestation, receiving the ovum in its cavity, retaining
and supporting it during the development of the
fetus, and becoming the principal agent in its ex-
pulsion during parturition. It is a pear-shaped,
muscular organ, three inches long, two inches wide,
and one inch thick, and is divided into three por-
tions— the fundus, the body, and the cervix. The
fundus is the upper and broad portion; the body
gradually narrows to the neck, which is the con-
tracted portion. The orifice, os uteri, communicates
with the vagina. The inner surface is covered with
mucous membrane continuous with that of the vagina.
The outer surface of the fundus and body is covered
with peritoneum. The whole organ is suspended
in the pelvis by means of the broad ligaments. The
Fallopian tubes enter, one on each side of the fundus,
at the cornua of the organ, u. acollis, a uterus in
which the vaginal part is absent, u. arcuatus, a
subvariety of uterus bicornis in which there is
merely a vertical depression in the middle of the
fundus uteri, u. bicornis, a uterus divided into
two horns or compartments on account of an arrest
of development, u. bicornis unicollis, a variety of
double uterus in which the cervix is large and single.
u., bifid. See u. septus, u. biforis, one in which
the external os is divided anteroposteriorly by a
septum, u. bilocularis, u., bipartite. See u. septus.

u. biparititus unicollis, one in which the cervix is
simple and only the body of the uterus is double.
u. cordiformis, a heart-shaped uterus, a form due
to faulty development, u. didelphys. See u. duplex.
u. duplex, a uterus that is double from failure of the
Muellerian ducts to unite, u., fetal, one of defective
development, in which the length of the cervical
canal exceeds the length of the cavity of the body.
u., gravid, a pregnant uterus, u., infantile, a uterus
normally formed, but arrested in development.
u. masculinus, a small culdesac situated at the
middle of the highest portion of the crest of the
urethra. It is the analogue of the uterus of the
female. Syn., prostatic vesicle; sinus pocularis;
utricle, u. parvicollis, a malformation described by
Herman in which the vaginal portion is small but
the body normal; also called uterus acollis.' u.»
sacciform, u., sacculated, a sacculation of the retro-
verted pregnant uterus at term, u., semiduplex,
one in which the two horns join at the os internum,
and below the joint of junction there is no division
at all, or a division not reaching to the os externum,
u. semipartitus. See u. subseptus. u. septus, a
uterus divided internally by a septum into two
halves, more or less complete, anteroposteriorly.
u. subseptus, one divided internally by an incom-
plete septum; it may start from the fundus and
reach all the way, or be present in the cervix only.
Also called uterus semipartitus. u. unicornis, a
uterus having but a single lateral half with usually
only one Fallopian tube; it is>the result of faulty
development.

utricle (u'-trik-l) [uiriculus, dim. of uter, a small
bag], i. A delicate membranous sac communicating
with the semicircular canals of the ear. 2. The
uterus masculinus.

utricular (u-trik'-u-lar) [utricle]. 1. Pertaining
to the utricle. 2. Shaped like a bladder.

utriculitis {u-trik-u-li'-tis). Inflammation of the
utricle.

utriculosaccular {u-trik-u-lo-sak'-u-lar). Pertaining
to the utricle and saccule of the ear.

utriculus (u-trik'-u-lus). See utricle, u. hominis.
See uterus masculinus. u. lachrymalis, the lacrymal
sac. u. masculinus, u. prostaticus, u. urethrae, u.
virilis. See uterus masculinus.

utriform (il'-tre-form) [uter, bag; forma, form].
rBladder-shaped.

uva (u'-vah) [L.; pi., uva]. A grape, u. passa, a
raisin, u. ursi, the Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, or bear-
berry of the order Ericaceae. Its leaves {uva ursi,
U. S. P.; uva ursi folia, B. P.) contain a bitter,
crystalline glucoside, arbutin, C12H15O7, splitting up
into glucose and hydroquinone, C6EUO2. Uva ursi
is astringent and tonic, and is used in chronic nephri-
tis, pyelitis, cystitis, incontinence of urine, gleet,
leukorrhea, etc. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.).
u. ursi, extract of. Unof. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.).
u. ursi, fluidextract of {fluidextr actum uvce ursi,\J.
S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Co), u. ursi, infusion of
(infusumuva ursi, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Co).

uvae (u'-ve) [uva, a grape]. Raisins. The ripe
fruit of Vitis vinifera, imported from Spain, u.
passae majores, ordinary raisins, u. passse minores,
Corinth raisins, or true currants.

uvaeformis (u-ve-for'-mis) [uva, a grape; forma,
form]. The middle layer of the choroid coat.

uvea {u'-ve-dh) [uva]. The pigmented layer of
the eye, comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

uveal (u'-ve-al) [uvea]. Pertaining to the uvea.

uveitic (u-ve-it'-ik). Pertaining to, or resembling
uveitis.

uveitis (u-ve-i'-tis) [uvea; iris, inflammation].
Inflammation of the uvea.

uviform (u'-vi-form) [uva, a grape; forma, form].
Like a grape or bunch of grapes.

uviol (u'-ve-ol) [u(ltra)-viol(et)]. A kind of glass
which allows the ultraviolet rays to pass through.
u. lamp, a lamp with uviol glass, for supplying the
ultraviolet rays.

uvula {u'-vu-lah) [L.]. The conical appendix hang-
ing from the free edge of the soft palate and formed
by muscles (azygos uvula?, levator and tensor palati),
mucous membrane, and connective tissue, u.
cerebelli, a small lobule of the inferior vermis of the
cerebellum, forming the posterior boundary of the
fourth ventricle, u. palatina, the uvula, u.-twitch,
an expedient for keeping the uvula forward in
posterior rhinoscopy, u. vermis, uvula of the
vermis, u. cerebelli. Lieutaud's u., a ridge along

UVUL/E 927 UZARA

the middle of the trigone of the bladder, u. vesicae, [see uvulotomy]. An instrument used in performing

a prominence at the internal orifice of the urethra. uvulatomy.

uvulae (u'-vu-le). The azygos uvulae muscle. uvulotomy, uvulatomy {u-vu-lot'-o-me, u-vu-lat'-o-

See muscles. me) [uvula; ron-h, a cutting]. The operation of

uvular (u'-vii-lar) [uvula]. Pertaining to the uvula, cutting off the uvula.

uvularis (u-vu-la'-ris) [uvula]. The azygos uvula? uvulitis (u-vu-li'-tis) [uvula; it«, inflammation],

muscle. See under muscle. Inflammation of the uvula.

uvuloptosis, uvulaptosis (u-vil-lop-to'-sis, u-vu-lap- uzara (u-zah'-rah). A preparation made from the

to' -sis) [uvula; -ktuxtls, falling]. A related and root of an African plant belonging to the Asclepia-

pendulous condition of the uvula. dacece. It is used in bacillary dysentery and in

uvulotome, uvulatome {u'-vu-lot-om, u'-vii-lat-om) diarrhea, and is said to contain no tannin.

V. i. Abbreviation of vision or acuity of vision,
also of volt. 2. The chemical symbol of vanadium.

vaccigenous (vak-sij'-en-us) [vaccine; yewav, to
produce]. Producing or cultivating vaccine virus.

vaccin (vak'-sin) [vacca, a cow]. See vaccine.

vaccina (vak-si'-nah). See vaccinia.

vaccinable (vak'-sin-a-bl) [vaccine]. Susceptible
of successful vaccination.

vaccinal (vak'-sin-al) [vaccine]. Pertaining to
vaccination or to vaccine, v. fever, a mild fever
after vaccination.

vaccinate (vak'-sin-at) [vaccine], i. To inoculate
with the virus of vaccinia. 2. To inoculate with any
virus in order to produce immunity against an in-
fectious disease.

vaccination (vak-sin-a'-shun) [vaccinate]. 1. In-
oculation with the virus of cowpox in order to pro-
tect against smallpox. 2. Inoculation with any
virus to produce immunity against an infectious
disease, v., animal. See v., bovine, v., arm-to-
arm, that method of vaccination in which the virus
is carried from the arm of one patient to that of
another, v., bovine, that practised by the aid of
vaccine-lymph cultivated in bovine animals, v.,
compulsory, the law compelling the vaccination of
infants within a certain period after birth, v.,
Jennerian, vaccination (1). v.-rash, a rash some-
times following vaccination; it is usually transitory
but sometimes assumes an eczematous or erythem-
atous form. It may also be syphilitic, v.-syphilis.
See vaccino-syphilis.

vaccinationist (vak-sin-a'-shun-ist). An advocate
of Jennerian vaccination.

vaccinator (vak'-sin-a-tor) [vaccinate], 1. One who
vaccinates. 2. An instrument used for vaccinating.

vaccine (vak'-sen) [vacca, a cow]. 1. Lymph
from a cowpox vesicle. 2. Any substance used for
preventive inoculation, v., autogenous, a vaccine
made from a culture obtained from the patient
himself, v., bacterial, an emulsion of dead bacteria
in normal salt solution used hypodermically for the
purpose of raising the opsonic index of a patient
suffering from infection by the same bacteria; and
see bacterine. v., body, cytorrhyctes. v., bovine,
that derived from the cow. v., corresponding, a
vaccine prepared from vaccine of the same species
as those causing an infection, but not derived from
the patient himself, v.-farm, a farm upon which
vaccine virus is systematically produced and col-
lected, v., Haffkine's, v., Wright's. See Haffkine,
Wright, v., heterogenous, one prepared from
organisms derived from some source other than the
patient in whose treatment they are to be used; the
source is usually a "stock" culture, v., humanized,
that from vaccinal vesicles of mah. v., lymph, the
virus of vaccine, v., mixed, a vaccine prepared from
more than one species of bacteria, v., multivalent.
Same as v., polyvalent, v., point, a slip of quill or
bone coated at one end with vaccine lymph, v.,
polyvalent, a bacterial vaccine made from cultures
of two or more strains of the same species of bacteria.
v. rash, an erythema after vaccination, v., stock.
Same as vaccine, corresponding, v., virus, the virus
of vaccinia.

vaccinella (vak-sin-el'-ah) [vaccinia]. Spurious
vaccinia. A secondary eruption sometimes following
cowpox.

vaccinia (vak-sin'-e-ah) [vacca, a cow]. Cowpox,
a contagious disease of cows transmissible to man by
vaccination and conferring immunity against small-
pox. In the human subject inoculated with cowpox
a small papule appears at the site of inoculation in
from one to three days, which becomes a vesicle
about the fifth day, and at the end of the first week
is pustular, umbilicated, and surrounded by a red
areola. Desiccation begins in the second week and
a scab forms, which soon falls off, leaving a white,
pitted cicatrix.

vaccinifer (yak-sin' -if -er) [vaccine; ferre, to bear].
A person or animal from whom vaccine-virus is
taken ; a vaccine-point.

vacciniform (vak-sin'-if-orm) [vaccine; forma, form].
Resembling vaccinia.

vacciniola (vak-sin-i'-o-lah) [dim. of vaccinia]*
A secondary eruption, sometimes following vaccinia,
and resembling the eruption of smallpox.

vacciniin (vak-sin'-e-in). The same as arbutin.

vaccinism (vak'-sin-izm). The theory of the
efficacy of vaccination.

vaccinist (vak'-sin-ist). A practiser or defender of
vaccination; one who believes in the efficacy of
vaccination.

Vaccinium (yak-sin' -e-um) [L., "blueberry"]. A
genus of plants to which belong »the cranberry, blue-
berry, bilberry, etc., of many species. V. crassi-
folium is used in catarrhal inflammations of the
urinary tract. V. myrtillus, the bilberry, is indig-
enous to Europe, and yields fruits which are dried
for use in decoction for diarrhea and leukoplakia;
the leaves are used in diabetes. An extract, extr actum
myrtilli winternitzi, is a specific for stomatitis and a
prominent remedy for affections of the mouth and
tongue. Paint the affected parts every hour.

vaccinization (vak-sin-i-za'-shun). Thorough vac-
cination by repeated inoculations.

vaccinogen (vak-sin'-o-jen) [vaccine; ya>vav, to
produce]. The person or animal from which or
from whom vaccine virus is taken.

vaccinogenous (vak-sin-oj'-en-us) . See vaccigenous.

vaccinoid (vak'-sin-oid) [vaccine; eiSos, form].
Resembling vaccinia; vaccinella.

vaccinophobia (vak-sin-o-fo'-be-ah) [vaccine; #6/Sos,
fear]. Morbid dread of vaccination.

vaccinostyle (vak-sin'-o-stile) [vaccine; stylus, a
pointed instrument]. A small metallic lance for use
in vaccinating.

vaccinosyphilis (vak-sin-o-sif'-il-is) [vaccine; syph-
ilis]. Syphilis conveyed by vaccination with
contaminated virus, or by a contaminated instrument.

vaccinotherapy (vak-sin-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera-
peutic use of bacterial vaccines.

vacillatio (vas-sil-a'-she-o) [vacillare, to stagger].
Staggering, swaying, v. dentium, looseness of the
teeth.

vacuolar (vak'-u-o-lar) [vacuole]. Pertaining to or
of the nature of a vacuole.

vacuolate, vacuolated (vak'-u-o-late, vak'-u-o-la-ted).
Having or pertaining to vacuoles.

vacuolated (vak'-u-o-la-ted). Of a cell, containing
one or more vacuoles.

vacuolation (vak-u-o-la'-shun) [vacuole]. The
formation of vacuoles; the state of being vacuolated.

vacuole (vak'-u-ol) [vacuus, empty]. A clear space
in a cell, v., contractile, a vacuole in the proto-
plasm of certain protozoa, which gradually increases
in size and then collapses, v., diffusion, in the in
vitro method of examining living cells, minute droplets
of the surrounding colored liquid which have been
absorbed by the cell.

vacuolization (vak-u-o-li-za'-shun). Same as vacu-
olation.

vacuum (vak'-u-um) [L.]. A space from which
the air has been exhausted, v., high, a vacuum in
which the exhaustion of air has been very great,
v., plate, in dentistry, a term applied to a plate
on which artificial teeth are mounted, having an air
chamber to assist in its retention in the mouth.
v., Toricellian, the vacuum above the mercury in the
tube of a barometer.

vadum (va'-dum) [L., a shallow]. Plural, vada.
A shallow in the depths of any fissure of the brain.

vagabond's disease. Parasitic melanoderma, a
pigmentation of the skin from chronic irritation by
pediculi.

vagal (va'-gal) [vagare, to wander]. Pertaining to
the vagus nerve.

VAGINA

929

VALEUR GLOBULAIRE

vagina {va-ji'-nah) [L.]. i. A sheath. 2. The
musculomembranous canal extending from the
vulvar opening to the cervix uteri, insheathing the
latter and the penis during copulation, v. bulbi.
See v. oculi. v., bulb of, bulbus vestibuli, a small
body of erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule
of the vagina, v. cordis, the pericardium, v. fe-
moris, the fascia lata of the thigh, v. oculi, Tenon's
capsule.

vaginal (vaj'-in-aV) [vagina]. 1. Pertaining to or
of the nature of a sheath, as the vaginal tunic (tunica
vaginalis of the testicle). 2. Pertaining to the
vagina.

vaginalectomy (vaj-in-al-ek'-to-me). See vaginec-
tomy (2).

vaginalis (vaj-in-a'-lis) [vagina]. Vaginal.
vaginalitis (vaj-in-al-i'-tis) [vaginalis, of a sheath;
iru, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tunica
vaginalis of the testicle. .

vaginant (vaj'-in-ant) [vaginare, to sheath]. Sheath-
ing; vaginal.

vaginapexy (vaj-in-a-pek'-se). 1. See vaginopexy.
2. See colpopexy.
vaginate (vaj'-in-at) [see vaginant]. Sheathed,
vaginectomy (vaj-in-ek'-to-me) [vagina; enroM,
excision]. 1. Excision of the vagina. 2. Excision
of the tunica vaginalis.

vaginicoline (vaj-in-ik'-o-len) [vagina, vagina;
colere, to inhabit]. Living in the vagina, as an
animalcule.

vaginiferous (vaj-in-if'-er-us) [vagina, vagina;
ferre, to bear]. Producing or bearing a vagina.

vaginigluteus, vaginiglutasus (vaj-in-i-gloo-te'-us)
[vagina; gluteus]. The tensor vagina? femoris. See
under muscle.

vaginismus (vaj-in-iz'-mus) [vagina]. Painful
spasm of the vagina, v., mental, that due to ex-
treme aversion to the sexual act. v., perineal, that
due to spasm of the perineal muscles, v., posterior,
that due to spasm of the levator ani muscle, v.,
vulvar, that due to spasm of the levator ani.

vaginitis (vaj-in-i'-tis) [vagina; ens, inflammation].
1. Inflammation of the vagina. 2. Inflammation
of a sheath.

vagino- (vaj-in-o-) [vagina]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the vagina.

vagmoabdominal (vaj-in-o-ab-dom'-in-al). Relating
to the vagina and abdomen.

vaginocele (vaj'-in-o-sel) [vagino-; ktjXtj, a hernia,
or tumor]. Colpocele.

vaginodynia (taj-in-o-din'-e-ah) [vagino-; 65vvq,
pain]._ Neuralgic pain of the vagina.

vaginofixation (vaj-in-o-fiks-a'-shun) [vagino-; fixa-
tion]. 1. An operation whereby the vagina is ren-
dered immovable. 2. Vaginal hysteropexy.

vaginomycosis (vaj-in-o-mi-ko'-sis). Mycosis af-
fecting the vagina.

vaginoperitoneal (vaj-in-o-per-it-o-ne'-al). Relating
to the vagina and the peritoneum.

vaginopexy {vaj'-in-o-peks-e) [vagino-; xTjfis, a
fixing]. 1. The preservation of the tunica vaginalis
which results from extraserous transplantation of the
testicle in cases of varicocele. 2. Vaginofixation.

vaginoscope (vaj'-in-o-skop) [vagino-; o-ko-k^Iv, to
view]. A vaginal speculum.

vaginoscopy (vaj-in-os'-ko-pe) [vagino-; o-ko-wHv,
to view]. Inspection of the vagina.

vaginotomy (vaj-in-ot'-o-me) [vagino-; Tout, sec-
tion]. _ Incision of the vagina; colpotomy.

vaginovesical (vaj-in-o-ves'-ik-al). See vesico-
vaginal.

vaginovulvar (vaj-in-o-vul'-var). See vulvovaginal.

vagitus (va-ji'-tus) [vagire, to cry]. The cry of

an infant, v. uterinus, the cry of a child while

still in the uterus, v., vaginalis, the cry of a child

while the head is still in the vagina.

vagoaccessorius (va-go-ak-ses-o'-re-us) . The vagus
and accessorius nerves considered as one.

vagotomized (va-got'-om- Izd). Applied to an animal
in which the vagi nerves have been severed in-
tentionally.

vagotomy (va-got'-o-me) [vagus; tout), a cutting].
Division of the vagus nerve.

vagotonia, vagotony (va-go-to'-ne-ah, va-got'-o-ne)
[vagus; rovos, tension]. Irritability of the vagus
nerve.

vagotonic (va-go-ton'-ik). Pertaining to or charac-
terized by vagotonia.

vagrant {va'-grant) [vagare, to wander]. Wander-
ing, as a vagrant cell, v.'s disease, a discoloration

of the skin occurring especially in elderly persons
who are of uncleanly habits and infested with vermin,
vagus (va'-gus) [vagare, to wander]. The pneumo-
gastric nerve. See under nerve, v.-pneumonia,
pneumonia following section of the vagi in the lower
animals, and due to the aspiration of food into the
air-passages, v.-pulse, a slow pulse due to the
inhibitory action of the vagus on the heart.

Valangin's solution (va-lan' -jin) [Francis Joseph
Pahud de Valangin, English physician, 1 725-1 805].
A solution of arsenic trioxide in dilute hydrochloric
acid ; the liquor acidi arsenosi of the U. S. P.

valdivin (val'-div-in). An emetic principle derived
from the fruit of Simaba valdivia.

valence, valency (va'-lens, va'-len-se) [valere, to be
worth]. The relative combining capacity of an
atom compared with that of the atom of hvdrogen.
Valenta's test for fats (val-en'-tah). Mix thor-
oughly in a test-tube equal volumes of fat and
glacial acetic acid, sp. gr. 1.0562; apply heat if the
oil does not dissolve in the cold. Three classes of
oils are distinguished, according as solution takes
place at ordinary temperatures, at temperatures up
to the boiling-point of glacial acetic acid, or whether
even then solution is incomplete. In the case of oils
dissolving upon application of heat, the temperature
is observed at which upon cooling turbiditv ap-
pears.

Valentin's corpuscles (vol' -en-tin) [Michael Bernard
T alentin, German anatomist, 1657-1729]. Small
bodies, said to be amyloid, occasionally found in
nerve tissue. V.'s ganglion, a gangliform enlarge-
ment found occasionally above the root of the second
bicuspid, at the junction of the middle and posterior
dental nerves; root, posterior and middle dental
nerves; distribution, filaments to the teeth. V.'s
limiting membrane. See Schwann, sheath of.

Valentine's reaction for fuchsin. Upon shaking
ether with a solution containing fuchsin the ether
does not dissolve the coloring-matter, but upon
adding ferrous iodide the ether is colored violet.

valeral (val'-ur-al), C4H3COH. Isovaleric alde-
hyde, or amyl aldehyde, an oxidation product of
amyl alcohol.

valeraldehyde (val-ur-aV -de-hid). Amy] aldehyde,
C4H9 . COH.

valeraldine (val-ur -al' -den) . A synthetic alkaloid
formed from valeral ammonia by the action of
hydrogen sulphide.

valerate (val'-er-at). Any salt of valeric acid;
same as valerianate.

valerene (val'-ur-en). Amylene.
valerian (val-e'-re-an). A plant of the genus
Valeriana. The root of Valeriana officinalis (Valeri-
ana, U. S. P.; Valeriana rhizoma, B. P.) contains a
volatile oil, from which valeric acid is obtained,
valerian is employed as a mild nervous stimulant in
hysteria, migraine, low fevers, etc. Dose 30 gr.
(2 Gm.). v., fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum Valerianae,
U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). v., infusion of (in-
fusum Valeriana, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc).
v., oil of (oleum Valeriana, B. P.). Dose 4-5 min.
(0.26-0.32 Cc). v., tincture of (tincture Valeriana,
U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). v.,
tmcture of, ammoniated (tinctura Valeriana am-
moniata, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc).
Valeriana (va-le-re-a'-nah). A genus of plants;
also the rhizome and rootlets of V. officinalis; it is
an antispasmodic and stimulant. See valerian.

valerianate (val-e'-re-an-dt). A salt of valerianic
acid; those of ammonium, iron, quinine, and zinc
are official.

valeric acid, valerianic acid (va-le'-rik, val-e-re-
an'-ik).^ See acid, valeric.

valeridin (val-er'-id-in). See valeryl-phenetidin.
valerol (val'-er-ol). A clear oilv liquid of un-
pleasant odor, obtained from valerian; valerian
camphor.

valerophen (va-ler'-o-fen). A phenolphthalein
methyl derivative of valeric acid.
_ valeryl (val'-er-il). The radical C5H9O. v.-phene-
tidin, C6H4(OC2H5)NH . C5H9O; it is sedative and
antineuralgic Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.).

valetudinarian (val-el-u-din-a' -re-an) [valetudin-
arius; valetudo, health]. An invalid.

valeur globulaire (val'-er glob-u-lair') [Ft. "globular
value"]. The proportion of hemoglobin to the
number of red corpuscles, expressed in terms of the
amount of hemoglobin in an individual corpuscle.
The color index.

VALGOID

930

VALVULITIS

valgoid (val'-goid) [valgus; elSos, likeness]. Re-
sembling valgus.

valgus (val'-gus) [L., bow-legged], i. Bow-legged.
2. A condition in which the arch of the foot is de-
pressed so that the inner side of the sole rests upon
the ground. Syn., genu varum; splay-foot; talipes
valgus.

validol (val'-id-ol) [valerian; menthol]. The chem-
ically pure combination of menthol and valeiic acid
with the addition of 30% free menthol. It is a col-
orless, somewhat viscous fluid, with a pleasant odor
and cooling taste. It is claimed to have powerful
analeptic and carminative properties, and is an ex-
cellent solvent and vehicle for menthol. It is also
employed as an antispasmodic; in migraine; as a
specific in alcoholic intoxication; as a prophylactic
against sea-sickness, etc. Dose 10-15 drops daily
on sugar, v., camphorated, validol containing 10%
of camphor, used in scotoma scintillans. Dose 10-
15 drops.

valin (val'-in). (CH3)2 . CH . CHNH2 . COOH.
Alpha aminoiso valeric acid.

vallate (val'-dt) [vallum, rampart]. Surrounded
with a walled depression; cupped. And see circum-
vallate.

vallecula (val-ek'-u-lah) [vallis, a valley; pi., val-
lecula]. A shallow groove or depression, v. cere-
belli, the depression between the cerebellar hemi-
spheres, v. epiglottica, a depression between the
lateral and median glosso-epiglottic folds on each
side, vallecula linguae, the glosso-epiglottic fossae, v.
ovata, the fissure of the liver which contains the gall-
bladder, v. Sylvii, a cerebral depression which de-
velops into the fissure of Sylvius, v. unguis, the
depression in the skin for the root of the nail.

Valleix's points douloureux (val-lay') [Francois
Louis Isidore Valleix, French physician, 1807-1855].
Painful points found in peripheral neuralgias where
the nerves pass through openings in fascia or issue
from bony canals.

Vallet's mass (val-la). Massa ferri carbonatis.
Ferrous sulphate, 100; sodium carbonate, no; honey,
38; sugar, 25; syrup and distilled water, of each,
enough to make 100 parts.

valley of the cerebellum. See vallecula cerebelli.

Valli-Ritter's law. See Ritter-Valli's law.

vallis (val'-is). See vallecula cerebelli. v. alarum,
valley of the arm-pits; the axilla, v. femorum, the
vulva.

vallum {val'-um) [L.]. The supercilium or eye-
brow, v. unguis, the nail wall.

valoid (val'-oid) [valere, to be equal]. 1. Trade
name applied to certain galenical preparations. 2.
A name for certain fluid extracts, equal weights of
which and of the drugs from which they are prepared,
have the same strength.

valonia (val-o'-ne-ah) [fiaXavos, an acorn]. The
acorn cups of Quercus esgilops; it is used as an astrin-
gent in diarrhea.

Valsalva's experiment (val-sal'-vah) [Antoine Marie
Valsalva, Italian anatomist, 1666-1723]. Strong ex-
piratory efforts made while the mouth and nose are
closed cause at first an increase, and when continued,
finally a diminution, of blood-pressure. The phe-
nomenon is due to reflex actions of the vasomotor
center through the pulmonary nerves. V.'s liga-
ments, the extrinsic ligaments of the pinna of the ear.
V.'s liquor. See Scarpa's liquor. V.'s method of
treating internal aneurysm, by general depletion,
such as purging, bleeding, and restricted diet. V.'s
sinus, one of the pouch like dilatations of the aorta or
pulmonary artery opposite the segments of the semi-
lunar valves. V.'s test, inflation of the tympanic
cavity with air by means of forcible expiratory efforts
made while the nose and mouth are tightly closed.
Perforation of the tympanic membrane may be de-
tected by this test.

valsol (val'-sol). An ointment-vehicle consisting of
a mixture of oxygenized hydrocarbons, which forms
an emulsionized mass with water and readily dis-
solves iodine, iodoform, ichthyol, etc.

Valsuani's disease. Pernicious progressive anemia
occurring in pregnancy.

value, globular. A fraction of which the numer-
ator is the percentage of hemoglobin and the denom-
inator the percentage of red corpuscles. It indicates
the percentage of hemoglobin in a corpuscle. Syn.,
valeur globulaire.

valule (val'-iil). Trade name for capsules con-
taining divided doses of a substance.

valva (val'-vah) [valva, the leaf of a door; pi., val-
ves]. A valve, v. Tulpii, the ileocecal valve.

valval, valvar (val'-val, val'-var) [valva, valve]. Per-
taining to a valve.

valvate {val'-vate) [valva, the leaf of a door]. Re-
sembling or functioning as a valve; provided with a
valve.

valve (valv) [valva, a door]. 1. A device placed in a
tube or canal so as to permit free passage one way, but
not in the opposite direction. 2. A fold of membrane
acting as a valve, as valve of the heart, v. Amussat's.
See Heister's valve, v., aortic, the valve consisting
of three semilunar segments, situated at the junction
of the aorta with the heart, v.s, auriculoventricular,
the mitral and tricuspid valves, v., Bauhin's, the
ileocecal valve, v., bicuspid. See v., mitral, v.,
coronary, the valve protecting the orifice of the cor-
onary sinus and preventing regurgitation of blood
during the contraction of the right auricle, v., Eu-
stachian, that between the inferior vena cava and the
right auricle of the fetus, v. of Hasner, an imperfect
valve at the inferior meatus of the nose, v., Heis-
ter's, a fold of mucous membrane at the neck of the
gall-bladder, v. of Houston, three oblique folds in
the mucous membrane of the rectum at about the
level of the prostate, v., ileocecal, the folds of mu-
cous membrane at the junction of the ileum and ce-
cum, v. of Kerkring, any one of the valVulae con-
niventes (q. v.). v.s, laryngeal* a term applied to
the superior or false vocal bands because of their
supposed use in holding the breath, v., mitral, the
valve that controls the opening from the left auricle
to the left ventricle; it is constituted of two leaflets.
v., pulmonary, v., pulmonic, the valve composed of
three semilunar leaflets, and situated at the junction
of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, v.'s,
rectal, semilunar folds fixed to the rectum by their
convex borders, occupying in their attachments from
one-third to one-half the circumference of the gut.
They are composed of a duplicature of the mucous
membrane inclosing some cellular tissue and a few
circular muscular fibers. The margins and diam-
eters of these pass each other when the rectum is
empty and present an additional barrier to the in-
voluntary evacuation of the feces, retarding down-
ard movement, v.s semilunar, the three valves
guarding the orifice of the pulmonary artery and
aorta, v.s, sigmoid. See v.s, semilunar, v.-test,
Azoulay's, auscultation of the heart while the patient
is lying with the arms raised perpendicularly and the
legs lifted obliquely, v. of Thebesius, the coronary
valve or fold of the endocardium of the right auricle
which protects the coronary sinus, v., tricuspid,
that which controls the opening from the right auricle
to the right ventricle; it consists of three segments.
v. of Varolius, the ileocecal valve, v. of Vieussens,
a thin leaf of medullary substance forming the roof
of the anterior portion of the fourth ventricle of the
brain.

valviform (val'-vif-orm) [valva, valve; forma, form].
Valvular.

valvotomy (val-vot'-o-me) [valva, valve; ron-q, in-
cision]. Cutting a valve; especially the valves of the
rectum.

valvula (val'-vu-lah) [dim. of valva, a valve; pi.,
valvules]. 1. A small valve. 2. The superior medul-
lary velum, v. bicuspidalis, the mitral valve, v.
caeci or coli, the ileocecal valve, v. cerebelli, valve
of Vieussens. v. Eustachii, the Eustachian valve.
v. fossae navicularis, the valve of Guerin. v. lac-
rimalis inferior, the plica lacrimalis or valve of Hasner.
v. processus vermiformis, a fold of mucous membrane
at the opening of the appendiceal canal, v. pylori,
circular fold of mucous membrane at the pyloric
orifice, v. semilunaris, one of the semilunar valve
leaflets of the heart, v. sinus coronarii, the coronary
valve or valve of Thebesius. v. sinus sinistri, the
interauricular valve, v. spiralis, the valve of Heister.
v. tricuspidalis, the tricuspid valve, v. vaginae, the
hymen, v. venae cavae inferioris, the Eustachian
valve, v. vestibuli sinistra, the right venous valve
of the embryonic heart.

valvulae {val'-vu-le) [pi. of valvula]. valvulae con-
niventes, the transverse folds of mucous membrane
of the small intestine. Syn., valves of Kerkring.
valvulae cuspidales, the mitral and tricuspid valves.

valvular (val'-vu-lar) [valve]. Pertaining to or orig-
inating at a valve.

valvule (val'-vul) [valvula]. A small valve.

valvulitis (val-vii-li'-tis) [valve; ins, inflammation].

VALYL

931

VARICOSITY

Inflammation of a valve, especially of a cardiac
valve.

valyl (val'-il), CH3.CH2.CHiN(C2H5)2, valerianic-
acid diethylamide; a colorless, limpid fluid, used in
nervous diseases. Dose 2 gr. (0.125 Gm.) in capsule
three times daily.

valylene (val'-il-en) C5H6. A hydrocarbon with
an alliaceous odor, a homologue of vinyl acetylene;
pen tone.

valzin (yal'-zin). See sucrol.

vampirism (vam'-pi-rizm). The insane belief that
one's blood is being sucked by another person at
night.

vanadate (van'-ad-dt). A salt of vanadic acid.

vanadic acid (van-ad' -ik) , H3VO4. An acid derived
from vanadium; it forms salts called vanadates.

vanadin (van'-ad-in). A remedy recommended in
pulmonary tuberculosis, said to consist of a solution
of a vanadium salt with sodium chloride.

vanadium (van-a'-de-um) [Vanadis, a goddess of
Scandinavian mythology]. A rare metallic element.
Symbol, V; atomic weight, 51. See elements, table of
chemical.

Van Buren's disease (van-bu'-ren) [William Holme
Van Buren, American surgeon, 1810-1883]. Chronic
circumscribed infiltration of the corpus cavernosum,
one of the erectile bodies of the penis. V. B.'s oper-
ation, for prolapse of the anus; a linear cauterization
of the mucosa with the Paquelin's cautery.

Van Deen's test for blood in the urine [Izaak Van
Deen, Dutch physician, 1804-1869]. The addition
of 2 Cc. of tincture, of guaiac and 2 Cc. of old oil of
turpentine produces a blue color in the presence of
blood or pus.

Vandellia (van-del' -e-ah) [ — Vandelli, Italian bot-
anist]. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. V.
diffusa, of S. America, is emetic and purgative, and
said to be useful in hepatic and intestinal diseases.

Van den Velden's test [Reinhardt Van den Velden,
German physician, 1851- ]• For free hydrochloric
acid in the gastric juice; methylene blue solution is
turned from violet to blue or green in presence of the
force acid. Also called Maly's test.

Van der Kolk's law. See Kolk's law.

Van Gehuchten's fixative and hardening fluid.
Consists of glacial acetic acid, 10 parts; chloroform,
30 parts; absolute alcohol, 60 parts.

Van Gieson's stain (van-ge'-zon) [Ira Van Gieson,
American histologist]. Satured aqueous solution of
picric acid 100 Cc, with 5 Cc. of a one per cent, solu-
tion of acid fuchsin.

Van Harlingen's formula. It consists of 1 dram of
precipitated sulphur, with five grains of powdered
camphor, 10 of powdered gum tragacanth, and one
ounce each of rose-water and lime-water. Used in
treatment of acne rosacea.

Van Helmont's mirror (van-heV -mont) [Jean
Baptiste Van Helmont, Belgian physician, 1577-
1644]. The central tendon of the diaphragm.

Van Hook's operation [Weller Van Hook, American
surgeon]. Ureteroureterostomy.

Van Hoorne's canal [John Van Hoorne, Dutch
anatomist, 1621-1670]. Thoracic duct.

vanilla (van-il'-ah) [L.|. A genus of plants of the
order Orchidece. The fruit of V. planifolia is the van-
illa of the U. S. P. It contains from 1 to 3% of
vanillin (q. v.). Vanilla is used as a flavoring agent,
and as an ingredient of a test-solution for hydro-
chloric acid, v., tincture of (tinctura vanilla, U. S.
P.), vanilla, sugar, alcohol, and water.

vanillin (van-il'-in). Vanillinum (U. S. P.), CgHs-
O3, an aromatic crystalline principle, the methyl
ether of protocatechuic aldehyde. Dose § gr. (0.03
Gm.). v.-paraphenetidin, a crystalline condensa-
tion-product of vanillin with paraphenetidin; it is
hypnotic, antineuralgic, and styptic. Dose 24-30
gr. (1.5-2.0 Gm.).

vanillism (van-il'-izm) [vanilla], A form of der-
matitis characterized by marked itching, occurring
among vanilla workers.

Van Swieten's liquor, Van S.'s solution [van-sve'-
tenz) [Gerard Van Swieten, Dutch physician, 1700-
1772]. A solution of mercuric chloride 2 gr., alcohol
3 dr., distilled water sufficient to make 4 oz.

Van't Hoff's law [Jacobus Henricus Van't Hoff,
Dutch chemist, 1 852-191 1]. The osmotic pressure
exerted by any substance in solution is the same as it
would exert if present as a gas in the same volume as
that occupied by the solution, provided that the so-
lution is so dilute that the volume occupied by the

solute is negligible in comparison with that occupied
by the solvent.

vapoaural massage (va-po-aw'-ral]. Massage of
the tympanum by medicated vapors.

vapocauterization (va-po-kaw-ter-iz-a'-shun). See
atmocausia.

vapocresolin (va-po-kres'-o-lin) [vapor; cresolin].
A popular remedy in the treatment of laryngeal
diphtheria.

vapor (va'-por) [L.]. A gas, especially the gaseous
form of a substance which at ordinary temperatures
is liquid or solid, v. bath, the therapeutic appli-
cation of steam or of some other vapor to the body,
in a suitable apparatus or apartment, v. douche, a
jet of vapor impinging upon some part of the surface
of the body.

vaporarium (va-por-a'-re-um) [L.]. A vapor-bath;
an establishment for giving vapor-baths.

vapores uterini. Synonym of hysteria.

vaporimeter (va-po-rim'-el-ur) [vapor ; pkrpov, meas-
ure]. An apparatus for determining the tension of
vapor.

vaporish (va'-por-ish). Hysterical, splenetic.

vaporium (va-por'-e-um). An apparatus for giving
vapor baths or douches.

vaporization (va-por-i-za'-shun) [vapor]. The con-
version of a solid or liquid into a vapor.

vaporize (va'-por-lz) [vapor]. To convert into vapor.

vaporizer (va'-por -i-zer) [vapor]. An atomizer, a
nebulizer.

vaporole (va'-por-oV) [vapor]. Trade name of a
glass capsule containing a drug for inhalation, or for
hypodermic injection.

vapors (va'-por z). Lowness of spirits; hysteria.

Vaquez's disease (vak-kay') [H. Vaquez, French
physician]. Polycythemia with cyanosis, enlarged
spleen, and disease of the bone-marrow.

varalette (var-al-et'). Trade name of a compressed
effervescent tablet.

variability (va-re-a-bil'-it-e) [variare, to change].
Ability of the organism or race to adapt itself to its
environment.

variation (va-re-a'-shun) [variare, to change]. De-
viation from a given type as the result of environ-
ment, natural selection, or cultivation and domesti-
cation, v., double, the double current produced in a
muscle by the passage of a single induction shock,
v., negative, the diminution of the muscle current
caused by stimulation of the motor nerve.

varicated (var'-ik-a-ted) [varix, varix]. Having
varices.

varication (var-ik-a'-shun) [varix, varix]. The for-
mation of a varix; a system of varices.

varicella (var-is-el'-ah) [dim. of variola, smallpox].
Chickenpox; an acute, contagious disease of child-
hood, characterized by an eruption of transparent
vesicles which appear in successive crops on different
parts of the body. v. gangrenosa, varicella in which
the eruption leads to a gangrenous ulceration, v.,
pustular. _ Same as varioloid.

varicelliform (var-is-el'-e-form). Characterized by
vesicles resembling those of varicella.

varicelloid (var-is-el'-oid) [varicella; eiSos, like].
Resembling varicella.

varices (var'-is-ez) [L.]. Plural of varix.

variciform (var-is'-i-form) [varix; forma, a form].
Having the form of a varix.

varicoblepharon (var-ik-o-blef'-ar-on) [varix; p\e<f>-
apov, eyelid]. A varicosity of the eyelid.

varicocele (var'-ik-o-sel) [varix; ktiXtj, a tumor]. Di-
latation of the veins of the spermatic cord, forming a
soft, elastic swelling, v., ovarian, varicosity of the
veins of the broad ligament, v., utero-ovarian, a vari-
cose condition of the veins of the pampiniform plexus
in the broad ligament.

varicocelectomy (var-ik-o-se-lek'-to-me) [varicocele;
iKTo/iri, excision]. Excision of a varicocele.

varicoid (var'-ik-oid) [varix; eZSos, resemblance].
Resembling a varix.

varicole (var'-ik-ol). Same as varicocele.

varicomphalus (var-ik-om'-fal-us) [varix; bp,<f>ahbs,
navel]. A varicosity at the navel.

varicose (var'-ik-os) [varix], 1. Of blood-vessels,
swollen, knotted, and tortuous. 2. Due to varicose
veins, as varicose ulcer, v. aneurysm. See under
aneurysm, arteriovenous.

varicosis (var-ik-o'-sis) [varicose]. An abnormal
dilatation of the veins.

varicosity (var-ik-os'-it-e) [varicose]. The condi-
tion of being varicose; a varicose portion of a vein.

VARICOTOMY

932

VASOMOTOR

varicotomy (var-ik-ot'-o-me) [varix ; touv, a cutting].
Excision of a varicose vein. See cirsotomy.

varicula (var-ik'-u-lah) [dim. of varix]. A varix of
the conjunctiva.

variety (va-ri'-et-e) [varietas, difference]. A sub-
division of a species; a stock, strain, breed.

variform (var'-e-form) [varius, various ; forma, form].
Having diversity of form.

variola (va-re-o-lah) [varius, variegated; spotted].
Smallpox, a contagious infectious disease ushered in
with severe febrile symptoms, which, in the course of
two or three days, are followed by a papular eruption
spreading over all parts of the body. During the
succeeding two weeks the eruption passes through the
stage of vesicles and pustules, the latter going on to
the formation of crusts. The falling off of the crusts
leaves a pitted appearance of the skin (pock-marks).
The period of incubation is about thirteen days, v.,
black. See v., hemorrhagic, v., coherent, a form in
which the pustules cpalescesce but retain their in-
dividuality, v., confluent, v. confluens, a severe
form in which the pustules spread and run together.
v., discrete, a form in which the pustules preserve their
distinct individuality, v., hemorrhagic, smallpox in
which hemorrhage occurs into the vesicles, which
gives them a blackish appearance, v., malignant,
black smallpox, a severe and very fatal form of the
hemorrhagic type, v., mitigated, v., modified. See
varioloid, v. notha, varicella, v. vera, true small-
pox as distinguished from varioloid.

variolar (va-ri'-o-lar) [variola]. Pertaining to small-
pox.

Variolaria amara (var-e-o-la'-re-ah am-a'-ra). A
lichen used as a febrifuge and anthelmintic.

variolate (var'-e-o-lat) [variola], i. Having small
pustules like those of variola. 2. To inoculate with
smallpox.

variolated (var'-e-o-la-ted) [variola]. Having, or
having had smallpox.

variolation, variolization (var-e-o-la'-shun, var-e-o-
li-za'-shun) [variola]. The inoculation of smallpox.

variolic (var-e-ol'-ik) [variola]. Pocky, variolous.

varioliform (var-i-o'-lif-orm) [variola; forma, form].
Resembling variola.

variolin (var-i'-o-lin) [variola]. The specific virus
of smallpox.

variolinum {var-e-o-li'-num) . A homeopathic prep-
aration from the virus of variola.

variolization. See variolation.

varioloid (var'-e-o-loid) [variola; elSos, like]. A
mild form of variola occurring in persons that have
been vaccinated or inoculated with smallpox virus.

variolous (var-i'-o-lus) [variola]. Pertaining to or
having the nature of variola.

variolovaccine (var-e-o-lo-vak'-sen). A vaccine
lymph or crust obtained from a heifer which has been
inoculated with smallpox virus.

variolovaccinia (var-e-o-lo-vak-sin'-e-ah) [variola;
vacca, cow]. A form of vaccinia or cowpox induced
in the heifer by inoculating it with smallpox virus.

varisse (va-res'). A lump on the inner side of the
hind leg of a horse.

varium (var'-e-um), Trade name of an ovarian
extract.

varix (var'-iks) [varus, crooked; pi., varices]. A
dilated and tortuous vein, v., aneurysmal. See
aneurysmal varix under aneurysm, arteriovenous, v.
lymphaticus, dilatation of the lymphatic vessels, es-
pecially that due to the Filaria sanguinis hominis;
and see lymph-scrotum.

varnish (var'-nish). A quickly-drying solution of
some resin.

Varolian (var-o'-le-an) [Constanzio Varioli, Italian
anatomist, 1543-1575]- Relating to the pons Varolii.

Varolii, pons. The mesencephalon; that part of
the brain which connects the oblongata with the cer-
ebral peduncles and the cerebellum. See under pons.
V. valvula, the ileocecal valve.

varus (va'-rus). A condition in which the foot is
turned inward. See talipes varus, and acne.

vas (vas) [L. ; pi., vasa]. A vessel, v. aberrans, a
blind tube projecting from the lower part of the epi-
didymis, v. deferens, the excretory duct of the
testis.

vasa [pi. of vas]. vasa afferentia, the branches of a
lymphatic or lacteal vessel entering a lymphatic gland,
vasa brevia, the gastric branches of the splenic arteiy.
vasa centralia retinae, the central artery and veins of
the retina, vasa ciliaria, the ciliary arteries and
veins, vasa eff erentia. 1. The terminal ducts of the

rete testis. 2. The efferent vessels of lymphatic
glands, vasa intestini tenuis, small vessels arising
from the superior mesenteric artery and distributed
to the jejunum and ileum, vasa recta, the tubules
of the rete testis, vasa vasorum, the vessels supply-
ing the arteries and veins with blood, vasa vorticosa.
See vena vorticosa.

vasal (va'-sal) [vas, a vessel]. Pertaining to a ves-
sel or to vessels ; vascular.

vasalium (vas-a' -le-um) [vas; pi., vasalia]. Tissue
peculiar to vascular or closed cavities.

vascula (vas'-ku-lah). Plural of vasculum q. v.

vascular (vas'-ku-lar) [vasculum]. Consisting of,
pertaining to, or provided with vessels.

vascularity (vas-ku-lar'-it-e) [vascular]. The qual-
ity of being vascular.

vascularization (vas-ku-lar-i-za'-shun) [vascular].
The process of becoming vascular. The formation
and extension of vascular capillaries.

vasculin (vas'-ku-lin). Extract of vascular tissue.

vasculitis {vas-ku-li'-tis). See angiitis.

vasculomotor (vas-ku-lo-mo' -tor) [vasculum; motor].
Acting as a vasomotor upon the capillaries.

vasculum (vas'-ku-lum) [L.; pi., vascula]. A small
vessel, v. aberrans. See vas aberrans.

vasectomy (vas-ek'-to-me) [vas; enrour), a cutting
out]. Resection of the vas deferens.

vaseline (vaz' -el-en). See petrolatum.

vaselon (vas'-el-on). An ointment-base consisting
of a mixture of margerin and stearin dissolved in
mineral oil.

vasicine (vas'-is-in). An alkaloid from Adhatoda
vasica ; it is used in bronchial affections and as an in-
secticide.

vasifactive (vas-if-ak'-tiv) [vas; facer e, to make].
Giving rise to new blood-vessels*.

vasiform (vas' -if -arm) [vas; forma, form]. Re-
sembling a vessel or duct.

vaso- (va-zo-) [vas, a vessel]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to a vessel.

vasoconstrictine (va-zo-kon-strik'-ten). Tradename
of a preparation of the active principle of the medulla
of the suprarenal bodies.

vasoconstriction (va-zo-kon-strik'-shun) [vaso-; con-
stringere, to bind]. The constriction of blood-vessels.

vasoconstrictive (va-zo-kon-strik'-tiv) [see vasocon-
striction]. Promoting or stimulating constriction of
blood-vessels.

vasoconstrictor (va-zo-kon-strik'-tor). 1. Causing a
constriction of the blood-vessels. 2. A nerve or a
drug that causes constriction of blood-vessels.

vasocorona (va-zo-ko-ro'-nah) [vaso-; corona, crown].
The system of arterioles that supply the periphery of
the spinal cord.

vasodentine (va-zo-den' -ten) [vaso-; dentin]. Den-
tine possessing blood-vessels.

vasodilatation {va-zo-dil-a-ta'-shun). Dilatation of
the blood-vessels.

vasodilator {va-zo-di-la'-tor). 1. Pertaining to the
dilating motility of the nonstriped muscles of the
vascular system. 2. A nerve-element or a drug that
causes dilatation of blood-vessels.

vasofactive (va-zo-fak'-tiv). See vasifactive.

vasoformative (va-zo-for' -mat-iv) [vaso-; for mare, to
form]. Forming or producing vessels, v. cells, those
engaged in the production of vascular tissue.

vasoganglion (va-zo-gang'-gle-on) [vaso-; yh-yy\iov,
ganglion]. A knot or rete of blood-vessels.

vasogen (vas'-o-jen). A proprietary oxygenated
vaseline.

vasohypertonic (va-zo-hi-per-ton'-ik). See vasocon-
strictor.

vasohypotonic (va-zo-hi-po-ton'-ik). See vasodi-
lator (1).

vasoinhibitor (va-zo-in-hib' -it-or) [vaso-; inhibere, to
inhibit]. A drug or agent tending to inhibit the ac-
tion of the vasomotor nerves.

vasoinhibitory (va-zo-in-hib' -it-o-re) [see vasoin-
hibitor]. Inhibiting vasomotor action, especially vaso-
constrictor action.

vasol (va'-sol). A mixture of liquid petrolatum
with ammonium oleate. v., iodized, vasol containing
7% of iodine.

vasoligation (va-zo-li-ga'-shun) [vas; ligation].
Ligation of the vas deferens.

vasoliniment (vd-so-lin' -im-ent) . Parogen.

vasomotion (va-zo-mo' -shun) [vaso-; motio, motion].
Increase or decrease of the caliber of a blood-vessel.

vasomotor (va-zo-mo' -tor) [vaso-; motor, from mov-
ere, to move]. Regulating the tension of b!ood-ves-

VASOMOTORIAL

933

VEIN

sels. v. ataxia, instability of the circulatory mechan-
ism characterized by abnormal readiness of disturb-
ance of the equilibrium of the cardiovascular apT
paratus, with tardiness of restoration, v. catarrh or
rhinitis, hay fever, v. centers, centers situated in the
medulla oblongata and spinal cord, and governing
the caliber of the blood-vessels, v. nerves, the nerves
passing to the blood-vessels; they are of two kinds,
the vasoconstrictor (vasohypertonic) nerves, or those
stimulation of which causes contraction of the blood-
vessels, and the vasodilator (vasohypotonic) nerves,
stimulation of which causes dilation of the vessels.

vasomotorial, vasomotory {va-zo-mo-to'-re-al, va-
zo-mo'-tor-e) [vas, vessel; motor, motor]. Relating to
the vasomotor function.

vasomotricity {va-zo-mo-tris'-it-e) [vas, vessel; mo-
tor, motor]. The quality of having a vasomotor
action.

vasoneurosis (va-zo-nii-ro'-sis) [vas; neurosis].
Angioneurosis.

vasoparesis {va-zo-par'-e-sis) [vaso-; paresis]. Par-
esis affecting the vasomotor nerves.

vasosection (va-zo-sek'-shun) [vas, the vas deferens;
sectio, a cutting]. Severing of the vas deferens.

vasosensory {va-zo-sen'-so-re) [vaso-; sensory]. Serv-
ing as a sensory apparatus for the vessels.

vasospasm (va'-zo-spasm) [vaso-; airaanfc, tension].
Vasoconstriction, angiospasm.

vasospastic (va-zo-spas'-tik) . Angiospastic.

vasostimulant (va-zo-stim'-ic-lant). Inducing or
exciting vasomotor action.

vasostomy {va-zos' -to-me) [vas; arby.a, mouth].
The making of an artificial opening into the vas
deferens. Syn., Belfield's operation.

vasothion (va-zo-thi'-on). A compound of vasogen
and sulphur, 10%; it is used in chronic skin diseases.

vasotomy (va-zot'-om-e) [vas, the vas deferens;
renveiv, to cut]. Incision of the vas deferens.

vasotonic (va-zo-ton'-ik) [vaso-; rbvos, tone], i.
Pertaining to the normal tone or tension of the blood-
vessels. 2. A vasostimulant.

vasotonin (va-zo-to'-nin). A mixture of urethane
and yohimbine, used for lowering the blood-pressure.

vasotribe (va'-zo-trib) [vaso-; rpifieiv, to grind]. An
instrument for controlling hemorrhages; an angio-
tribe.

vasotrophic {va-zo-trof'-ik) [vaso-; rpo^-q, nourish-
ment]. Concerned in the nutrition of vessels.

vasovagal (va-zo-va'-gal) [vaso-; vagus, the vagus
nerve]. Pertaining to the vasomotor action of the
vagus.

vasovesiculectomy (va-zo-ves-ik-u-lek' -to-me). Ex-
cision of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles.

vastus (vas'-tus) [L.]. i. Large; extensive. 2. A
large muscle of the thigh. See under muscle.

Vater's ampulla (fah'-ter) [Abraham Vater, German
anatomist, 1684-1751]- V., ampulla of, a depression
in the internal and posterior wall of the descending
portion of the duodenum, into which the ductus com-
munis choledochus and the pancreatic duct open.
V.'s corpuscles. See Pacinian corpuscles. V.'s fold,
a vertical fold of mucous membrane at the lower angle
of Vater's ampulla.

Vater-Pacini's corpuscles (fah'-ter-pa-che-ne). See
Pacinian corpuscles.

Vaughan-Novy test (vorn'no'-ve) [Victor Clarence
Vaughan, American physician, 1851- ; Frederick
George Novy, American bacteriologist, 1864- ].
For tyrotoxicon: a few drops each of phenol and sul-
phuric acid are added to the suspected substance in
solution; a yellow or orange-red color denotes the
presence of tyrotoxicon.

V. C. Abbreviation for color vision.

vecordia (ve-kor'-de-ah) [vecors, destitute of reason].
Insanity; especially dementia or idiocy.

vectis (vek'-tis) [vehere, to carry]. An instrument
similar to the single blade of a forceps, used in has-
tening the delivery of the fetal head in labor.

vector (vek'-tor) [vector, a carrier, from vehere, to
carry]. An insect which carries microorganisms from
a sick person to some other person; the process is
purely mechanical.

vegetable (vej'-el-ab-l) [vegetare, to quicken]. 1. A
plant, especially one used as food. 2. See vegetal.
v. albumin. See phytalbumose. v. proteids. See
under proteid. v. sulphur. .See lycopodium.

vegetal (vej'-e-lal) [vegetus, lively; vegere, to move,
quicken]. Of or pertaining to plants, characteristic
of plants, plant-like in habit, v. functions, the vital
phenomena common to plants and animals, viz.,

irritability, digestion, assimilation, growth, secretion,
excretion, circulation, respiration, generation.

vegetality (vej-e-tal'-it-e) [vegetare, to quicken].
The possession of vegetal functions (q. v.); the opposite
of animality.

vegetarian (vej-et-a'-re-an) [see vegetable]. One
who lives on vegetable food alone.

vegetarianism (vej-et-a'-re-an-izm) [see vegetable].
1. The doctrine that vegetable food is the only kind
proper for man. 2. The practice of living only on
vegetable food.

vegetation (vej-et-a'-shun) [see vegetable]. An out-
growth resembling a plant in outline, as the fibrous
projections on the cardiac valves in endocarditis,
papillomata, polypoid growths, etc. v.s, adenoid,
growths of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharyngeal
cavity.

vegetative (vej'-et-a-tiv) [see vegetable]. Having the
power of growth, like a plant.

vegeto- (vej'-et-o-) [vegere, to grow]. A prefix em-
ployed to denote connection with or relation to the
vegetable kingdom.

vegetoalkali (vej-et-o-al'-ka-li) . An alkaloid.

vegetoanimal (vej-et-o-an'-i-mal). Common to
plants and animals.

vehicle (ve'-hik-l) [vehiculum, from vehere, to carry].
An excipient or substance serving as a medium of
administration of medicines.

Veiel's paste (vil) [Theodor Veiel, German derma-
tologist, 1848- ]. A paste used in the treatment of
furuncles. It consists of equal parts of zinc oxide
and vaseline, with 4 per cent, of boric acid. It is to
be well rubbed into the skin around the boil three
times a day.

veil (val) [velum, veil]. See velum, velamen. A
caul or piece of the amniotic sac covering the face of
a new-born infant, v., acquired, an obscuration or
imperfection of voice from exposure to cold, catarrhal
conditions, or overuse, or from bad training, v.,
uterine, a cap fitted over the cervix uteri, to prevent
the entrance of the semen.

vein {van) [vena]. A blood-vessel carrying blood
from the tissues to the heart. Veins, like arteries,
have three coats, but less well developed; many also
possess valves, v., angular, a continuation of the
frontal vein downward to become the facial at the
lower margin of the orbit, v., anterior internal max-
illary. Same as v., facial, deep, v., auricular {an-
terior and posterior). 1. The vein of the ear. 2. A
vein from the cardiac auricles, v., axillary, a large
vein formed by the junction of the brachial veins.
v.s, azygos, three veins situated in front of the bodies
of the thoracic vertebra?; they are a means of com-
munication between the superior and inferior vena?
cava?, v., basilar, a large vein passing back over the
crus cerebri to unite with the veins of Galen, v.,
basilic, a vein on the inner side of the arm. v.s,
brachial, the veins accompanying the brachial artery.
v., brachiocephalic. See v.s, innominate, v.s of
Breschet, the veins of the diploe. v., brooch, an in-
strument for compressing veins, v., cardiac, great.
See v., coronary (1). v., cephalic, a large vein of the
arm, formed by the union of the median cephalic and
superficial radial, and opening into the axillary vein.
v.s, cerebral, veins coming from the cerebrum; they
are cortical and central, v., coronary. 1. The great
cardiac vein, a vein opening into the coronary sinus
of the heart. 2. See v., gastric, v., dorsispinal, one
of the veins forming a reticulum around the vertebra?.
v.s, emissary, small veins passing through the
cranial foramina and connecting the cerebral sin-
uses with external veins, v.s, emulgent, the renal
veins, v., facial, a continuation of the angular
vein; it joins the internal jugular at the level of
the hyoid bone, v., facial, deep, one joining the
facial vein below the malar bone; it receives the
blood from the pterygoid plexus, v., femoral,
common, a short thick trunk, corresponding to
the femoral artery; it becomes the external iliac
at Poupart's ligament, v., femoral, deep, a vein
ccompanying the femoral artery; it empties into
the superficial femoral, v., femoral, superficial, a
name given to the femoral vein before it is
joined by the deep femoral vein to form the com-
mon femoral vein, v., frontal, the anterior vein of
the scalp as it crosses the frontal bone, v.s of Galen,
two large veins of the brain, continuations of the in-
ternal cerebral veins, and opening into the straight
sinus, v., gastric, a vein accompanying the artery of
the same name, v.s, hemiazygos, small,' accessory

VEIN

934

VENENIFIC

veins of the azygos veins, v.s, hemorrhoidal, a plexus
of veins surrounding the rectum, v., iliac, common,
a vein formed opposite the sacroiliac synchondrosis by
the confluence of the external and internal iliac veins.
v., iliac, external, a continuation upward of the com-
mon femoral; it extends from the lower border of Pou-
part's ligament to the lower border of the sacroiliac
synchondrosis, v., iliac, internal, a short trunk ex-
tending from the top of the great sciatic notch to
the great sacroiliac synchondrosis, v.s, innominate,
two large valveless veins returning the blood from
the head, neck, and upper extremity, v., jugular,
anterior, a vein beginning at the level of the chin
and ending at the clavicle in the external jugular
vein, v., jugular, external, a vein formed at the
angle of the lower jaw by the union of the posterior
auricular and temporomaxillary veins; it empties into
the subclavian, v., jugular, internal, a continuation
of the lateral sinus, beginning at the jugular fossa,
accompanying the internal and common carotid ar-
teries, and joining the subclavian vein to form the
innominate, v. of Marshall. See v., oblique, v.,
maxillary anterior, a small vein of the anterior por-
tion of the face, v., maxillary, internal, one accom-
panying the first part of the internal maxillary artery.
v., median basilic, a vein uniting with the ulnar to
form the basilic, v., median cephalic, a vein uniting
with the superficial radial to form the cephalic, v.,
median, deep, a vein formed by the union of the outer
vena comes of the ulnar artery and the muscular and
radial recurrent veins, v., median, superficial, one
starting at the anterior plexus of the wrist and uniting
with the deep median to form the median, v., mes-
enteric, inferior, one that accompanies the inferior
mesenteric artery and joins the splenic vein behind
the pancreas, v., mesenteric, superior, one that ac-
companies the superior mesenteric artery and joins
the splenic vein to form the portal, v., oblique, of
Marshall, a vein crossing the dorsal portion of the
left auricle of the heart. It is the remnant of the left
duct of Cuvier. v.s, omphalomesenteric, several
venous trunks of the primitive embryonic circulation
which carry the blood from the terminal sinus to the
sinus venosus, a short vitelline vein, v., ophthal-
mic, a short trunk carrying the blood from the eye
and emptying into the cavernous sinus, v.s, plantar,
veins accompanying the plantar arteries, v., pop-
liteal, one formed by the union of the vena? comites
of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries; it accom-
panies the popliteal artery, and becomse the femoral
vein at the junction of the lower with the middle
third of the thigh, v., portal, a short trunk entering
the liver at the transverse fissure and formed by the
junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins.
v.s, pulmonary, four veins, two from each lung, re-
turning the aerated blood from the lungs to the heart.
v., radial, superficial, a vein accompanying the mus-
culocutaneous nerve up the radial side of the fore-
arm, v., ranine, the chief vein conveying blood from
the tongue. It originates near the tip beneath the
mucosa, accompanies the hypoglossal nerve across
the hypoglossus muscle, and empties into the internal
jugular vein, v., renal, a vein accompanying the
renal artery, v., saphenous, long or internal, a long
superficial vein running up the inner aspect of the leg
and thigh, terminating in the femoral vein below
Poupart's ligament, v., saphenous, short or ex-
ternal, a superficial vein running up the outer aspect
of the foot, leg, and back of the calf, and emptying
into the popliteal vein, v., spermatic, one returning
the blood from the testicle; on the right side it ter-
minates in the inferior vena cava and on the left in
the left renal vein, v., splenic, one returning the
blood from the spleen, and forming the portal vein by
its union with the superior mesenteric vein, v.,
stellate. See Verheyen's stars, v.-stone. See phleb-
olith. v., subclavian, a continuation of the ax-
illary vein, uniting with the internal jugular vein
to form the innominate vein at the sternoclavicu-
lar articulation, v.s, temporal, veins returning
the blood from the temporomaxillary region of
the head; they join the internal maxillary vein to
form the temporomaxillary vein. v., temporo-
maxillary, one formed by the union of the temporal
and internal maxillary veins in the parotid gland;
it terminates in the external jugular, v. of Trolard,
a vein of the cerebrum passing along the posterior
branch of the fissure of Sylvius, and emptying into the
superior petrosal sinus, v., ulnar, one running from
the wrist up the anterior and inner surface of the

forearm, v., umbilical, a vein conveying the blood
from the placenta to the fetus, v., Vesalius'. See
Vesalius's vein, v.s* vitelline. See vitelline veins.

velamen (ve-la'-men) [L.]. A veil or covering
membrane, v. nativum, the skin. v. vulvae, the
Hottentot apron; see apron.

velamentous (vel-am-en'-tus) [velamen]. Resem-
bling a veil.

velamentum (ve-la-men'-tum) [L.: pi: velamenta]. A
veil, or covering membrane, v. abdominale, peri-
toneum, v. cerebrale, one of the meninges, v.
cerebri, v. cerebrale. v. corporis commune, the skin,
v. infantis, one of the fetal membranes, v. linguae,
the glosso-epiglottic ligament.

velar (ve'-lar) [velum]. Pertaining to a velum,
especially the velum palati.

Velden's (von den) test for hydrochloric acid in
the contents of the stomach. Filter paper dipped
into a watery or alcoholic solution of tropeolin oo
turns ruby red or brownish red on the application
of free hydrochloric acid.

Veld sore. [Dutch, veld, field]. A lesion common
among troops during the Boer war, a running sore
probably due to the sting of a fly.

veliform (vel'-if-orm) [velum, veil; forma, form].
Forming a velum.

Vella's fistula (vel'-lah) [Luigi Vella, Italian physi-
ologist, 1825-1886]. An intestinal fistula for ob-
taining gastric juice.

vellication {vel-ik-a'-shun) [vellicare, to twitch].
Spasmodic twitching of muscular fibers.

vellolin (vel'-o-lin). A purified wool fat, lanolin.

vellosine (vel-o'-sen), C23H28N2O4. An alkaloid
contained in Paopereira bark, Ceissospermum vellosii;
it resembles brucine in physiological action.

velosynthesis (ve-lo-sin'-thes-is) [velum (palati) $
avvOetris, a putting together]. See staphylorrhaphy.

Velpeau's bandage (vel'-po) [Alfred Armand Louis
Marie Velpeau, French surgeon, 1795-1867]. A
bandage for the shoulder. V.'s deformity, the "silver
fork," deformity in Colles' fracture. V.'s hernia,
femoral hernia anterior to the blood-vessels.

velum (ve'-lum) [L., a veil; a sail]. A veil or veil-
like structure, v., anterior medullary. See valve of
Vieussens. v. interpositum, the membranous roof of
the third ventricle, v. palati, the soft palate, v.
pendulum palati, the soft palate, especially the
uvula, v., posterior medullary, the commissure of
the flocculus of the cerebellum, v. staphylinum, soft
palate, v. Tarini, v. posterior medullary, v. termi-
nale, lamina terminalis. v. triangulare, v. inter-
positum.

vena (ve'-nah) [L.: pi. vena]. A vein. See vein.
v. azygos, v. azygos major, v. azygos dextra, a vein
connecting the right lumbar, right renal vein, or
postcava with the precava. v. azygos minor. See
v. hemiazygos, v. cava anterior. See v. cava superior.
v. cava inferior, a vein formed by the junction of the
two common iliac veins and emptying into the right
auricle of the heart. It receives the lumbar, right
spermatic, renal, suprarenal, phrenic, and hepatic
veins, v. cava superior, a vein formed by the union
of the innominate veins, and conveying the blood
from the upper half of the body to the right auricle,
v. comes, a vein accompanying an artery in its course,
v. corporis striati, a vein which helps to form the in-
ternal cerebral vein and returns the blood from the
corpus striatum, v. hemiazygos, v. azygos minor, a
vein from the left lumbar or left renal vein to the v.
azygos major, v. hemiazygos accessoria, an incon-
stant vein which may take the place of the left
superior intercostal vein.

venae (ve'-ne) [pi. of vena], venae advehentes.
The vessels passing from the vitelline veins to the
liver, v. comites, the two veins accompanying an
artery, v. Galeni, two venous trunks in the brain,
v. minimae cordis, the smallest of the cardiac vessels,
entering into the cavities of the heart, v. revehentes,
the vessels passing from the liver to the sinus of the
embryo, v. Thebesii, the small veins by which the
blood passes from the walls of the heart to the right
auricle, v. vorticosae, the stellate veins of the cho-
roid coat of the eyeball.

venenation (ven-en-a' -shun) [venenum, a poison].
The condition due to poisoning.

venenatus (ven-en-a'-tus) [see venenation]. Poi-

sonous.

venenific (ven-en-if'-ik) [venenum, poison],
son-forming.

Poi-

VENENOSALIVARY

935

VENUS

venenosalivary (ven-en-o-saV -iv-a-r e) . See venomo-
salivary.

venenose, venenous (ven'-en-os, ven'-en-us) [venen-
osus]. Toxic; poisonous.

venenosity (ven-en-os'-it-e). The condition of being
toxic.

venereal (ven-e'-re-al) [Venus, the goddess of love].
Pertaining to or produced by sexual intercourse, v.
diseases, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid, v. sore.
See chancre, v. wart, see verruca acuminata.

venerismus pyorrhoicus. Gonorrhea.

venery (ven'-er-e) [see venereal]. Sexual inter-
course.

venesection (ven-e-sek'-shun). See blood-letting.

venesuture (ven-e-sit' -tur) [vena; sutura, suture].
The suturing of a vein.

Venetian red. An ochre, whose color is due to
ferric oxide.

veniplex (ven'-ip-leks) [vena; plexus]. A plexus of
veins.

venipuncture (ven'-e-punk-chur). Puncture of a
vein.

venisuture (ven-i-su'-tur). See venesuture.

venom (ven'-om) [venenum, poison]. Poison, es-
pecially a poison secreted by certain reptiles and
insects, v. albumin, the albumin of the venom of a
snake, v. globulin, a globulin found in snake poisons.
v. hemolysis, dissolution of red blood corpuscles by
snake venom, v. leukolysis, destruction of leuko-
cytes by the action of venom, v. peptone, a peptone
found in the venom of certain serpents.

venomosalivary (ven-om-o-saV -iv-a-r e). Secreting a
toxic saliva.

venomotor (ven-o-mo'-tor) [vena; mover e, to move].
Causing the veins to contract or dilate.

venomous (ven'-om-us) [venom]. Poisonous; se-
creting venom.

venosclerosis (ven-o-skle-ro'-sis) [vena; (tk\tjp6s,
hard]. Induration of the veins.

venosity (ven-os'-it-e) [venous], A condition in
which the arterial blood shows venous qualities.

venous (ve'-nus) [venosus]. Pertaining to or pro-
duced in a vein. v. blood, the dark blood in the
veins, v. hum, the murmur or rushing sound heard
in auscultation of a vein. v. sinus, a cerebral sinus.

venovenostomy (ven-o-ven-os' -to-me) [vena; <rr6p.a,
mouth]. The making of an anastomosis between
two veins.

vent (vent). An outlet, especially the anal opening.

venter (ven'-ter) [L.]. i. The belly or abdomen.
2. The belly of a muscle. 3. The cavity of the ab-
domen. 4. The concavity of any expanded part, as
the venter of the scapula, venter of the ilium, v. imus,
the hypogastrium. v. medius, the thorax, v.
renum, the pelvis of the kidneys, v. supremus, the
skull.

ventilation (ven-til-a' -shun) [ventilare, to fan]. The
act or process of supplying fresh air; the act or process
of purifying the air of a place.

ventose (ven'-tos) [ventosa, a cupping-glass]. 1.
A cupping-glass. 2. [ventosus, windy]. Flatulent.

ventosity (ven-tos'-it-e). Flatulence.

ventrad (ven'-trad) [venter; ad, toward]. Toward
the ventral aspect.

ventral (ven'-tral) [venter]. 1. Pertaining to the belly
2. Referring to the anterior aspect of the body or
to the flexor aspect of the limbs, v. decubitus,
lying down on the abdomen; prone.

ventricle (ven'-trik-l) [ventriculus, dim. of venter, a
belly]. A small cavity or pouch, v., aortic, the left
ventricle of the heart, v. of Arantius, a culdesac at
the lower end of the fourth ventricle, v.s of the
brain, cavities in the interior of the brain, comprising
the two lateral ventricles, the third, fourth, and fifth
ventricles, v. of cord, the central canal of the
spinal cord, v., fifth, the cavity vetween the lamina?
of the septum lucidum. v. of corpus callosum, the
space between the labium cerebri and the corpus
callosum; the callosal fissure, v., fourth, the space
between the oblongata and pons in front, and the
cerebellum behind, v. of larynx, a depression be-
tween the true and false vocal bands, v.s, lateral,
serous cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and
communicating with the third ventricle through the
foramen of Monro. Each ventricle consists of a
triangular central cavity or body and three smaller-
cavities or cornua. The corpus callosum forms the
roof of the body, the septum lucidum the mesal bound-
ary and the floor is formed by the corpus striatum,
taenia semicircularis, thalamus, choroid plexus, corpus

fimbriatum, and fornix, v., left, of heart, that upon
the dorsal and left side of the heart, and which,
through the aorta, forces the blood throughout the
body. v. of myelon, the central canal of the spinal
cord, v., pineal, one found occasionally within the
pineal body; it is thepersistence of a fetal condition,
v., right, of heart, that forcing the blood through the
pulmonary artery into the lungs, v., terminal, the
dilated portion of the central canal of the spinal cord
in the filum terminale internum, v., third, an open
space between the optic thalami and extending to the
base of the brain, v. Verga's, a space occasion-
ally found between the corpus callosum and the
fornix.

ventricornu (ven-tri-kor'-nu) [venter; cornu]. The
anterior horn of the gray matter of the myelon.

ventricose (ven'-trik-os) [venter, abdomen]. In-
flated or swollen on one side, resembling an abdomen.

ventricular (ven-trik'-u-lar) [ventricle]. Pertaining
to a ventricle, v. aqueduct. See aquceductus Sylvii.
v. bands, the longitudinal folds of mucous membrane
above and parallel to the vocal bands. The false
vocal cords, v. ligament, a false vocal band. v.
muscle, the thyroepiglottideus. v. septum, (1) the
septum between the ventricles of the heart; (2) the
septum pellucidum.

ventricularis (ven-trik-u-la'-ris). The thyroepi-
glottideus muscle. See under muscle.

ventriculi (ven-trik'-u-li) [pi. of ventriculus]. Ven-
tricles.

ventriculus (ven-trik'-u-lus). 1. See ventricle, (2)
the stomach, v. cerebri, ventricle of the brain, v.
cordis, ventricle of the heart, v. dexter, right ven-
tricle, v. lateralis, lateral ventricle, v. medius,
middle (third) ventricle, v. quartus, fourth ventri-
cle, v. sinister, left ventricle, v. tertius, third ven-
tricle, v. tricornis cerebri, lateral ventricle of the
brain.

ventricumbent (ven-tre-kum'-bent) [venter; cum-
bere, to lie]. Lying with the ventral surface down.

ventriduction (ven-tre-duk'-shun) [venter; ducere, to
lead]. The act of drawing a part toward the belly.

ventrifixation. See ventrofixation.

ventriloquism (ven-lril'-o-kwizm) [venter, belly;
loqui, to speak]. Peculiar vocal utterance without
the usual modifications of the resonance-organs, so
that the voice seems to come from a closed space or
from a distance.

ventrimeson (ven-trim-e'-zon) [venter; pkaov, mid-
dle]. The mesial line on the ventral aspect of the
body.

ventripyramid (ven-trip-ir'-am-id) [venter ; pyramid].
An anterior pyramid of the oblongata.

ventro- (ven-tro-) [venter, the belly]. A prefix sig-
nifying relation to the belly.

ventrocystorrhaphy (ven-tro-sis-tor'-a-fe) [ventro-;
mans, cyst; patf>ij, suture]. Suture of an opened cyst-
wall to the wall of the abdomen so as to provide a free
discharge of its contents.

ventrofixation (ven-tro-fiks-a'-shun) [ventro-; fixa-
tion]. The stitching of a displaced viscus to the ab-
dominal wall.

ventrohysteropexy (ven-tro-his'-ter-o-peks-e) [ven-
tro-; xxrrkpa, womb; 7tt}£ii, a fixing]. Ventrofixation of
a uterus.

ventroinguinal (ven-tro-in'-gwin-al) [ventro-; in-
guinal]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the groin.

ventrolaterad (ven-tro-lat'-er-ad) [ventro-; latus,
side]. Toward the ventral and lateral aspects.

ventrolateral (ven-tro-lat'-er-al). Relating to the
ventral and lateral aspects of a part.

ventromyel (ven-tro-mi'-el) [ventro-; pvekos, marrow].
The anterior portion of the spinal cord.

ventroptosis (ven-trop-to'-sis). See gastroptosis.

ventroscopy (ven-tros'-ko-pe) [ventro-; axoireZv, to
view]. Direct examination of the abdominal and
pelvic cavities by means of an apparatus resembling
the cystoscope.

ventrose (ven'-tros) [ventrosus]. Having a belly, or
a swelling like a belly (pot-belly).

ventrosuspension (ven-tro-sus-pen'-shun). See ven-
trofixation.

ventrotomy (ven-trot'-o-me) [ventro-; roy.i\, a cut].
Celiotomy.

ventrovesicofixation (ven-tro-ves-ik-o-fiks-a'-shun)
[ventro-; vesica, bladder; fixation]. The suturing of
the uterus to the bladder and abdominal wall.

venule, venula (ven'-ul, ven'-u-lah) [venula, dim. of
vena, a vein]. A small vein.

venus (ve'-nus) [Venus, goddess of love]. 1.

VERATRALBINE

936

VERSION

Sexual intercourse. 2. Alchemic name for copper.
v., crystals of, copper acetate.

veratralbine (ver-at-ral'-ben) [veratrum; albus,
white]. An alkaloid obtained from white hellebore.

veratrina. See veratrine.

veratrine (ver -at' -r en). Veratrina (U. S. P.), a
mixture of alkaloids obtained from the seeds of Asa-
graa officinalis (sabadilla), of the order Liliacea. It
is a local irritant, and produces tetanic convulsions
followed by paralysis; it first stimluates, then para-
lyzes, the vasomotor center. It is used externally
in the form of an ointment in rheumatism, gout, and
neuralgia, v. ointment (unguentum veratrina, U. S.
P.), an ointment composed of veratrine, expressed oil
of almond, and benzoinated lard, v., oleate of (oleatunt
veratrina, U. S. P.), veratrine, oleic acid, and olive-
oil.

veratrinize (ver-at'-rin-iz). To bring under the
influence of veratrine.

veratrize. See veratrinize.

veratroidine (ver-at-roi'-din). See under Vera-
trum.

veratrol (ver-at'-rol), C8H10O2. A colorless oil with
aromatic odor obtained from veratric acid by action
of baryta with heat; it is used as an antiseptic by in-
halation and by application in 1% solution; less poi-
sonous than guaiacol but more caustic.

Veratrum (ver -at' -rum). A genus of plants of the
order Liliacea. The rhizome and roots of V. viride,
American hellebore, or V. album, white hellebore
(veratrum, U. S. P.; veratri viridis rhizoma, B. P.),
contain the alkaloids jervine and veratroidine. The
former is a depressant to the vasomotor centers and
the motor centers of the spinal cord. In toxic doses
it produces slowness of the pulse, fall in blood-pres-
sure, relaxation, epileptiform convulsions, paralysis,
and death from failure of the respiration. Veratroi-
dine is irritant and produces vomiting and purging;
it is also a depressant to the motor centers of the
spinal cord and to the pulse. When veratrum is ad-
ministered the combined action of the alkaloids is
obtained, and consists chiefly in slowing of the pulse
and lessening of blood-pressure, with vomiting in the
case of large doses. It is employed in sthenic inflam-
mations, as penumonia, peritonitis, in puerperal ec-
lampsia, and in excessive cardiac hypertrophy, v.,
fluidextract of (fluidextr actum veratri, U. S. P.). Dose
1-3 min. (0.065-0.2 Cc). v., tincture of (tinctura
veratri, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 min. (0.065-0.2 Cc).

Verbascum (ver-bas'-kum) [L.]. Mullein, a genus
of plants of the order Scrophularinea. The leaves
and flowers of V. thapsus have been used as demul-
cent in catarrhal inflammation of mucous membranes
and as an application to hemorrhoids.

Verbena (ver-be'-nah) [L.]. A genus of flowering
plants of some 80 species once highly esteemed in
medicine, but now little used.

verbigeration (ver-bij-er-a' -shun) [verbigerare, to
carry words about]. The frequent and uncontrolla-
ble repetition of the same word, sentence, or sound
without reference to its meaning.

verdigris (ver'-dig-ris) [Fr., verd de gris, probably
from L., viridis, green; as, copper]. 1. A mixture of
copper acetates. 2. A deposit upon copper vessels,
from the formation of cupric salts.

Verga's lacrimal groove (vair'-gah) [Verga, Italian
anatomist, 1811-1895]. A more or less pronounced
groove extending downward from the lower orifice of
the nasal duct. V.'s ventricle, a cleft-like space be-
tween the fornix and the callosum.

vergences (ver'-jen-sez) [vergere, to bend]. A term
applied to associated disjunctive movements of the
eyes, e. g., convergence, divergence.

vergens (ver' -j ens) [L.]. Inclining, v. deorsum,
inclining downward, as of the axis of vision in one eye
in strabismus, v. sursum, upward inclination.

Verheijn's stars. See Verheyen, stars of.

Verheyen, stars of (fer-hi'-en) [Philippus Verheyen,
Flemish anatomist, 1648-17 10]. Venous plexuses of
stellate form situated on the surface of the kidney,
beneath its capsule.

verjuice (ver'-joos) [Fr., verd, green; jus, juice].
The acid juice of unripe fruits.

Vermale's amputation (ver-maV) [Raymond de Ver-
male, French surgeon]. An amputation with a dou-
ble flap.

vermiceous (ver-mish'-us) [vermis, a worm]. Re-
lating to worms.

vermicidal (ver-mis-i'-dal) [vermis, worm ;' cadere, to
kill]. Destroying worms.

vermicide (ver' -mis-id) [vermis, a worm; cadere, to
• kill]. An agent that destroys intestinal worms.

vermicular (ver-mik'-u-lar) [vermis]. Wormlike,
v. motion, peristalsis, v. sulci, grooves between the
vermis and the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum.

vermiculate (ver-mik'-u-lat) [vermiculatus]. Re-
sembling or shaped like a worm.

vermiculation (ver-mik-u-la'-shun) [vermis]. A
worm-like motion; peristaltic motion.

vermicule (ver'-mik-ul) [vermiculus, a little worm],
1. A small worm. 2. A sexually produced embryo of
the malarial parasite.

vermiculus (ver-mik'-u-lus) [L.]. A little worm or
grub.

vermiform (ver'-mif-orm) [vermis; forma, a form].
Worm-shaped, v. appendix. See appendix, vermif-
orm, v. process, inferior and superior, the inferior
and superior surfaces of the middle lobe of the cere-
bellum.

vermifugal (ver-mif'-u-gal) [vermifuge]. Having the
qualities of a vermifuge; expelling worms.

vermifuge (ver'-mif-uj) [vermis; fugare, to expel].
An agent that expels intestinal worms.

vermilingual, vermilinguial (ver-me-lin'-gwal, -gwe-
al) [vermis; lingua, tongue]. Having a worm-shaped
tongue.

vermilion (ver-miV -yun) . Red mercuric sulphide.
v. border, the margin of the lips where skin and mu-
cous membrane meet.

vermin (ver'-min) [vermis, worm}. A general (and
mainly collective) name for parasitic animals and for
semi-parasites, such as fleas and bed-bugs.

verminal (ver'-min-al). Relating to or due to
worms. v

vermination (ver -min-a' -shun) [vermis]. 1. In-
festation with worms. 2. The generation of worms.

verminous (ver'-min-us) [vermis]. Infested with,
or pertaining to worms.

vermis (ver' -mis) [L.]. 1. A worm. 2. The mid-
dle lobe of the cerebellum, v., inferior, of the cere-
bellum. See process, superior vermiform, v., supe-
rior, of the cerebellum. See process, superior vermif-
orm.

vermix (ver' -mix). A contraction of the term ver-
miform appendix.

vermouth, vermuth (ver'-mooth) [Ger. wermuth,
wormwood]. A cordial prepared from white wine
and flavored with wormwood; used as an appetizer.

vernal (ver'-nal) [vernalis, of the spring]. Pertain-
ing to the spring, v. catarrh or conjunctivitis, a form
of conjunctivitis recurring each spring or summer,
and disappearing with frost, v. fever, malarial fever.

VerneuU's neuroma [Aristide Auguste Stanislas
Verneuil, French surgeon, 1823-1895]. A plexiform
neuroma or neuroma cirsoideum. V.'s operation, a
form of iliac colotomy.

vernier (ver'-ne-ur) [after the inventor, Pierre
Vernier, French physicist, 1580-1637]. In physics, a
c6ntrivance attached to various instruments of pre-
cision for the estimation of minute fractions of any
unit of distance.

vernine (ver'-nen) , CieHwNsOs. A leukomaine base
found in young vetch, clover, ergot, etc., and yielding
guanine on heating with hydrochloric acid.

vernix caseosa [L., "cheesy varnish"]. A se-
baceous deposit covering the surface of the fetus.

vernonin (ver-no'-nin) Ci6H?407. A glucoside from
the root of Vernonia nigritiana. Its action is similar
to that of digitalin, and it is used as a cardiac tonic.

veronal (ver'-on-al). Diethylmalonylurea, a white
crystalline substance used as a hypnotic. Dose 7-20
gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.).

Veronica (ve-ron'-ik-ah). A genus of scrophularia-
ceous herbs and shrubs. V. virginica, leptandra, Cul-
ver's physic; the root is a purgative and cholagogue.

verruca (ver-oo'-kah) [L.: pi., verruca]. _ Wart. v.
acuminata, a venereal wart. v. necrogenica, a warty
excrescence found on the fingers of those who fre-
quently handle the tissues of tuberculous subjects.
Syn., anatomic tubercle; dissection tubercle.

verruciform (ver-oo'-sif-orm) [verruca; forma, form].
Wart-like.

verrucose, verrucous (ver'-oo-kos, ver'-oo-kus) [ver-
ruca]. Warty; covered with or having warts.

verruga (ver-oo'-gah) [Sp.]. 1. See verruca. 2. ver-
ruga peruana, v. peruana, an endemic specific dis-
ease of the skin, occurring in the western Andes in
Peru. Syn., Carrion's disease; Peruvian -wart.

verruges (ver-u'-gahs). See verruga peruana.

version (ver'-zjun) [verier e, to turn]. Turning; an

VERSTRAETIN'S BRUIT

937

VESICLE

operation whereby one part of the fetus is made to
replace another at the mouth of the uterus, v., ab- l
dominal, same as v., external, v., bipolar, version by-
acting upon both poles of the fetus, v., cephalic,
turning of the fetus so as to bring the head to present.
v., combined, bipolar version consisting of a combi-
nation of external and internal version, v., external,
that effected by external manipulation, v., internal,
that performed by entering the hand within the uter-
us, v., mixed, same as v., combined, v., pelvic,
turning the fetus to bring about a breech presenta-
tion, v., podalic, that in which one or both feet are
brought to the mouth of the uterus, v., spon-
taneous, the process whereby without external in-
fluence, a transverse position is changed into a lon-
gitudinal one.

Verstraetin's bruit. A bruit heard over the lower
border of the liver in some cachectic individuals.

vertebra {ver'-teb-rah) [L., "a joint; a bone of the
spine"; pi. vertebras,]. One of the bones forming the
spinal or vertebral column. There are 33 vertebra?,
divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic or dorsal, 5 lumbar,
5 sacral (the sacrum), 4 coccygeal (the coccyx). A
typical vertebra consists of a body and an arch, the
latter being formed by 2 pedicles and 2 lamina?. The
arch supports 7 processes: 4 articular, 2 transverse,
and 1 spinous, v., basilar, the last lumbar vertebra.
v. dentata, the axis, v., false, one of the sacral or
coccygeal vertebra?, vertebrae, flexion, all except
the first two cervical vertebra?, v. magna, the sacrum.
v. prominens, the seventh cervical vertebra, ver-
tebras, rotation, the first and second cervical vertebrae.
v., tricuspid, the sixth cervical vertebra in the lower
animals, v., true, one of the cervical dorsal or lumbar
vertebra?.

vertebradymia (ver-te-brah-dim'-e-ah). See spon-
dylodidymia.

vertebral (ver'-teb-ral) [vertebra], 1. Pertaining to
or characteristic of a vertebra; made up of or pos-
sessing vertebra?. 2. Pertaining to the vertebral
artery, v. artery. See artery, vertebral, v. column,
the spinal column; the backbone, v. groove, the
groove between the spinous and transverse processes
of the spinal column, the floor being formed by the
lamina?, v. ribs, the last two ribs.

vertebralis {ver-te-bra'-lis). Vertebral, pertaining
to one or more of the vertebra?.

vertebrarium {ver-te-bra'-re-um) [L.]. The spinal
. column.

vertebrarterial {ver-teb-rar-te'-re-al) [vertebra; ar-
tery]. Giving passage to the vertebral artery, as the
vertebrarterial foramina in the transverse processes of
the cervical vertebra?.

Vertebrata {ver-te-bra'-tah) [vertebra, a vertebra].
A great division of the animal kingdom, including all
animals having a spinal column, or its equivalent
body axis.

vertebrate, vertebrated {ver'-teb-rat, ver'-teb-ra-ted)
[vertebra]. 1. Having a vertebral column. 2. Re-
sembling a vertebral column in flexibility, as a ver-
tebrate catheter.

vertebrectomy (ver-te-brek'-to-me) [vertebra-; inTony,
excision]. Excision of a portion of a vertebra.

vertebro- {ver-teb-ro-) [vertebra]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to a vertebra.

vertebroarterial. See vertebrarterial.
vertebrobasilar {ver-te-bro-baz'-il-ar) [vertebro-; /3d<r-
is, base]. Belonging to the vertebra? and the base of
the skull, v. plexus, the vertebral plexus.

vertebrochondral (ver-teb-ro-kon'-dral) [vertebro-;
xovdpos, cartilage]. Connecting the costal cartilages
with the vertebra?.

vertebrocostal {ver-teb-ro-kos'-tal) [vertebro- ; costa, a
rib]. Pertaining to the vertebra? and the ribs.

vertebrodidymia (ver-te-bro-did-im'-e-ah) [vertebro- ;
SiSvuos, twin]. A monstrosity formed by two indi-
viduals united by the vertebra?.

vertebrofemoral {ver-te-bro-fem'-or-al) [vertebro- ;
femur]. Pertaining to the vertebral column and the
femur.

vertebroiliac {ver-teb-ro-il'-e-ak) [vertebro-; ilium].
Pertaining to the vertebra? and the ilium.

vertebromammary {ver-te-bro-mam'-ar-e) [vertebro-;
mamma, breast]. Relating to the vertebra? and the
mammary region of the thorax.

vertebrosacral (ver-teb-ro-sa'-kral) [vertebro-; sa-
crum]. Pertaining to the vertebra? and the sacrum.
vertebrosternal (ver-teb-ro-ster'-nal) [vertebro-; ster-
num]. Extending from the spinal column to the
sternum, v. ribs, the true ribs.

vertex {ver'-teks) [L.]. The crown or top of the
head; calvaria, v. cordis, the apex of the heart, v.
cubiti, the olecranon, v. presentation, a presenta-
tion of the vertex of the fetal skull. .

vertical (ver'-tik-al) [vertex]. 1. Pertaining to the
vertex. 2. Perpendicular; referring to the position
of the long axis of the body in the erect posture, v.
diameter of cranium, an imaginary line from the
basion to the bregma.

verticil (ver'-tis-il) [verticillus, the whirl of a spin-
dle]. In biology, a whorl; a circle of leaves, tenta-
cles, hairs, organs, or processes radiating from an
axis on the same horizontal plane.

verticillate {ver-tis-il'-at) [verticillus, a whirl].
Whorled.

verticomental (ver-tik-o-men'-tal) [vertex; mentum,
the chin]. Pertaining to the vertex and the chin.

vertiginous (ver-tij'-in-us) [vertigo]. Resembling or
affected with vertigo.

vertigo {ver'-tig-o; also ver-ti'-go) [L.,from verier e, to
turn]. Giddiness, dizziness ; a sensation of lack of equi-
librium. It may be due to disease of the ears {auditory
or aural vertigo), the eyes {ocular vertigo), the brain
{cerebral vertigo), the stomach {gastric vertigo), the
blood, etc. v., auditory or aural. See Meniere's disease.
v., cerebral, that due to cerebral disorder, v., epileptic,
vertigo associated with or preceding an attack of
epilepsy, v., essential, one not due to any discover-
able cause, v., gastric, that arising from dyspepsia.
v., intestinal. 1. That caused by intestinal disorder.
2. That caused by pressure on the terminal portions
of the intestine by gas or feces, or even when the
finger is introduced into the rectum and irritates the
intestinal wall. It is thought to be due to pressure
on the hemorrhoidal plexus of the sympathetic sys-
tem, v., labyrinthine. See Meniere's disease, v.,
lithemic, a form associated with gout and lithemia.
v., neurasthenic, subjective vertigo found in neuras-
thenia, v., objective, one in which objects seem to
the patient to move, v., ocular, that due to eye-dis-
ease, v., organic, that due to brain lesion, v., par-
alyzing. See Gerlier's disease, v., peripheral, that
due to irritation that is not central, v., stomachal,
gastric vertigo, caused by disorder of the stomach,
v., subjective, one in which the patient has a sensa-
tion as if he himself were moving, v. tenebricosa,
that accompanied by dimness of vision and headache,
v., toxemic, that due to some poison in the blood, v.,
vertical, that caused by looking downward from or
upward to a height.

verumontanum {ver-oo-mon-ta'-num) [veru, a spit;
mons, a mountain]. The caput gallinaginis, a lon-
gitudinal ridge on the floor of the prostatic urethra.

vervain {ver'-van). See verbena.

Vesalius' foramen {ves-a'-le-us) [Andreas Vesalius,
Italian anatomist (born in Belgium), 1514-1564].
An inconstant foramen in the base of the skull, an-
terointernal to the foramen ovale; it transmits an
emissary vein. V.'s glands, the bronchial and pul-
monary glands. V.'s ligament. See ligament, Pou-
part's. V.'s sesamoid bones, fibrocartilaginous or
osseous bodies often found in the tendons of the
gastrocnemius. V.'s vein, a small vein through
which the pterygoid plexus communicates with the
cavernous sinus.

vesania {ves-a'-ne-ah) [L.]. Unsoundness of mind.

vesanic {ves-an'-ik) [vesania, unsoundness of
mind]. Relating to insanity.

vesica {ves'-ik-ah) [L.; gen. and pi., vesica,]. The
bladder, v. fellea, the gall-bladder, v. urinaria, the
urinary bladder.

vesical {ves'-ik-al) [vesica]. Pertaining to the
bladder, v. calculus, a stone in the bladder, v.
crisis, severe paroxysmal pain in the bladder oc-
curring in locomotor ataxia, v. triangle, the trigone.

vesicant {ves'-ik-ant) [vesicare, to blister]. 1.
Blistering. 2. A blistering agent.

vesication {ves-ik-a'-shun) [see vesicant]. The
formation of a blister; a blister.

vesicatory {ves'-ik-at-o-re) [see vesicant]. 1. Blister-
ing. 2. A blistering agent.

vesicle {ves'-ik-l) [vesicula, dim. of vesica, bladder].
1. A small bladder; especially a small sac containing
fluid. 2. A small blister on the skin, as a herpetic
or smallpox vesicle, v., allantoic, the internal hollow
portion of the allantois. v., auditory, an ectodermic
sac, a part of the cerebral vesicle, from which the
internal ear is formed, v., blastodermic. See
blastoderm, v.s, cerebral or encephalic, divisions of
the anterior extremity of the neural tube of the

VESICO-

938

VIABLE

embryo, subsequently forming the segments of the
brain, v., germinal, the nucleus of the ovum, v.,
Graafian. See follicle, Graafian, v., ocular, a
protrusion of the anterior cerebral vesicle, the first
indication of the eye. v., olfactory, the primitive
vesicle that develops into the olfactory lobe, v.,
optic, a hollow process of the cerebral vesicle forming
the essential part of the eye. v., otic. See v., audi-
tory._ v., prostatic. See uterus ' masculinus. v.,
seminal, one of the two little sacs situated at the
base of the bladder and serving as reservoirs for the
semen, v., umbilical. See yolk-sac.

vesico- (ves-ik-o-) [vesica]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the bladder.

vesicoabdominal (ves-ik-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [vesico- ;
abdomen]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the
urinary bladder.

vesicocele (ves'-ik-o-sel) [vesico-; nri\i), hernia].
Hernia of the bladder; cystocele.

vesicocervical (ves-ik-o-ser'-vik-al) [vesico-; cervix].
Pertaining to the cervix uteri and the urinary bladder.

vesicoclysis (ves-ik-ok'-lis-is) [vesico-; nKvais, a
washing out]. The injection of fluid into the bladder.

vesicofixation {ves-ik-o-fiks-a' -shun) [vesico-; fixa-
tion], i. The operation of suturing the bladder to
the abdominal wall. 2. The surgical attachment of
• the uterus to the bladder.

vesicoprostatic (ves-ik-o-pros-tat'-ik) [vesico-; pros-
tale]. Pertaining to the prostate gland and the
urinary bladder.

vesicopubic (ves-ik-o-pu'-bik) [vesico-; pubis].
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and to the pubes.

vesicorectal (ves-ik-o-rek'-tal) [vesico-; rectum].
Pertaining to the bladder and the rectum.

vesicosigmoid (ves-ik-o-sig'-moid) [vesico-; sigmoid].
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the sigmoid
flexure.

vesicosigmoidostomy (ves-ik-o-sig-moid-os'-tom-e)
[vesico-; sigmoid; arona, mouth]. The operation
of forming a communication between the urinary
bladder and the sigmoid flexure.

vesicospinal (ves-ik-o-spi'-nal) [vesico-; spina,
spine]. Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the
spinal cord.

vesicotomy (ves-ik-ot'-o-me) [vesico-; Tenvew, to
cut]. \ Incision of the bladder; cystotomy.

vesicoumbilical {ves-ik-o-um-bil'-ik-al) [vesico-; um-
bilicus]. Pertaining to the umbilicus and the
urinary bladder.

vesicourachal (ves-ik-o-u'-rak-al). Relating to
the bladder and the urachus.

vesicoureteral (ves-ik-o-u-re'-ter-al) [vesico-; ureter].
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the ureter.

vesicourethral {ves-ik-o-u-re'-thral) [vesico-; urethra].
Pertaining to the bladder and the urethra.

vesicouterine (ves-ik-o-u'-ter-in) [vesico-; uterus].
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the uterus.

vesicouterovaginal (ves-ik-o-u-ter-6-vaj'-in-al). Re-
latingto the bladder, uterus, and vagina.

vesicovaginal (ves-ik-o-vaj'-iri-al) [vesico-; vagina].
Pertaining to the bladder and the vagina.

vesicovaginorectal (ves-ik-o-vaj-in-o-rek'-tal) [ves-
ico-; vagina; rectum]. Pertaining to the bladder,
vagina, and rectum.

vesicula (ves-ik'-u-lah) [dim. of vesica, a bladder;
pi., vesicula]. A vesicle, v. fellis, the gall-bladder,
v. Graafiana. See follicle. Graafian, vesiculae Na-
bothii. See ovule (2). v. prostatica, the sinus
pocularis. vesiculae seminales. See vesicle, seminal.

vesicular (ves-ik'-il-lar) [vesicle]. 1. Pertaining to
or composed of vesicles. 2. Produced in vesicles,
as vesicular breathing, vesicular murmur, v. column,
a column of ganglion-cells at the base of the posterior
horn of the spinal cord. v. column, posterior. See
column of Clarke, v. eczema, eczema attended with
the formation of vesicles, v. murmur, a fine, normal,
inspiratory, auscultatory sound heard over the
chesty v. rale, the crepitant rale.

vesiculate (ves-ik'-u-ldt). 1. Having a vesicle.
2. To become vesicular.

vesiculated (ves-ik'-u-la-ted) [vesicle]. Composed
of vesicles.

vesiculation (ves-ik-u-la'-shun) [vesicle]. The
formation of vesicles; the state of becoming vesicu-
lated.

vesiculectomy (ves-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [vesicula; turow,
excision]. Resection, complete or partial, of the
seminal vesicles.

vesiculiferous (ves-ik-u-lif'-er-us) [vesicle; ferre,
to bear]. Bearing or having vesicles.

vesiculiform (ves-ik'-u-li-form) [vesicula; forma,
form]. Having the form of a vesicle.

vesiculitis (ves-ik-u-li'-tis) [vesicle; tns, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the seminal vesicles.

vesiculobronchial (ves-ik-u-lo-brong'-ke-al) [vesicle;
bronchus]. Both vesicular and bronchial.

vesiculocavernous (ves-ik-u-lo-kav'-er-nus) [vesicle ;
cavernous]. Both vesicular and cavernous.

vesiculopapular (ves-ik-u-lo-pap'-u-lar) [vesicle;
papule]. Consisting of vesicles and papules.

ves,iculopustular {ves-ik-u-lo-pus' -tu-lar) [vesicle;
pustule]. Consisting of vesicles and pustules.
, vesiculose {ves-ik'-u-los). Vesiculiform.

vesiculotomy (yes-ik-u-lot'-om-e) [vesicle; tout],
a cutting]. Division of a seminal vesicle.

vesiculotubular {ves-ik' -u-lo-tu' -bu-lar) [vesiculo- ;
tubulus, a tubule]. Both vesicular and tubular (a
qualification for certain respiratory sounds) .

vesiculotympanitic (ves-ik-u-lo-tim-pan-it' -ik) [ves-
icle; tympanum]. Both vesicular and tympanitic.

vesipyrine (ves-ip-i'-rin). Acetyl salol, used like
salol in influenza, rheumatism, and neuralgia.

vespajus (ves-pa'-jus) [vespa, a wasp]. A follicular,
suppurative inflammation of the hairy part of the
scalp.

vessel (ves'-el) [Fr., from vasculum, a vessel].
A receptacle for fluids, especially a tube or canal for
conveying blood or lymph, v.s, absorbent, the
lymphatics and lacteals. v.s, chyliferous, absorbent
vessels extending from the intestinal walls to the
thoracic duct, v.s, hemorrhoidal, varicose veins of
the rectum, v.s, Jungbluth's, nutrient vessels
lying immediately beneath the amnion and disap-
pearing usually at an early period of embryonic life,
v.s, lacteal. Same as v.s, chyliferous. v.s, radicular,
branches of vertebral arteries supplying cerebral
nerve-roots, v.s, umbilical, the umbilical arteries and
veins.

vestibular (ves-tib'-ii-lar) [vestibule]. Pertaining
to a vestibule.

vestibulate (ves-tib'-u-lat) [vestibulum]. Having a
vestibule ; vestibular.

vestibule (ves'-tib-ul) [vestibulum, a porch]. An
approach; an antechamber, v., aortic, the space
formed by the left ventricle adjoining the root of
the aorta, v. of the ear, the oval cavity of the
internal ear, which forms the entrance to. the cochlea,
v. of the mouth, that portion of the mouth outside
of the teeth, v. of the nose, the anterior part of the
nostrils, v. of the vagina, v. of the vulva, a triangular
space below the clitoris and between the nymphae.

vestibulotomy (ves-tib-u-lot'-o-me) [vestibule; tout),
a cutting]. Surgical operation, making an opening
into the vestibule of the labyrinth.

vestibulourethral (ves-tib-u-lo-u-re'-thral). Relat-
ing to the bulbi vestibuli and to the urethra.

vestibulum (.ves-tib'-u-lum). See vestibule. Gen-
erally applied to the vestibule of the ear.

vestige (ves'-tij) [vestigium, footprint]. A trace
or remnant of something formerly present or more
fully developed.

vestigial (ves-tij're-al) [vestige]. Of the nature
of a vestige or trace; rudimentary, v. fold, a fibrous
band of the pericardium representing the obliterated
left innominate vein.

vestigium (ves-tij'-e-um) [L., a foot-print; pi.,
vestigia]. An anatomical relic of fetal or embryonic
life. Thus, the thymus gland becomes in adults a
vestigium.

vestosol (ves'-to-sol). An ointment said to contain
formaldehyde, boric acid and zinc oxide.

vesuvin (ves-u'-vin) [Vesuvius, a volcano near
Naples]. Bismarck-brown, triamidobenzol; a stain
used in microscopy.

veta (ve'-tah) [Sp.]. Mountain sickness.

veterinarian (vet-er-in-a'-re-an) [see veterinary].
One who practises veterinary medicine.

veterinary (vet'-er-in-a-re) [veterinarius, of, or
belonging to beasts of burden]. Pertaining to
domestic animals, v. medicine, medicine as applied
to the domestic animals.

vetrinol {vet'-rin-ol). An unguentine for veterinary
use.

vetol (vet'-ol). A yohimbine for veterinary use.

V. F. Abbreviation for visual field.

via (vif-ah) [L.; pi., vice]. Away, viae naturales,
the natural passages. See prima via.

viability (vi-ab-il'-it-e) [viable]. The state of being
yiable.

viable (vi'-ab-l) [Fr. vie, from L.\vita, life]. Capa-

VIAL

939

VILLOSE

ble of living; likely to live; applied to a fetus capable
of living outside of the uterus.

vial (vi'-al) fataX^, a shallow cup]. A small glass
bottle.

vibex (vi'-beks) [L.; pi., vibices]. A linear ecchy-
mosis.

vibrate (vi'-brat) [vibrare, to shake]. To move to
and fro.

vibratile (vi' -bra-til) [see vibrate]. Moving to and
from; vibrating.

vibration (vi-bra'-shun) [see vibrate]. The act of
moving to and fro.

vibrator {vi' -bra-tor) [see vibrate]. A device for
conveying mechanical vibration to a part.

Vibrio (vib'-re-o) [see vibrate]. A genus of Schizo-
mycetes. See Spirillum. V. cholerae, the spirillum of
Asiatic cholera.

vibrissa (vib-ris'-ah) [L. ; gen. and pi., vibrissa].
One of the hairs near the opening of the anterior
nares.

vibromassage (vi-bro-mas-ahzj'). i. See massage,
vibratory. 2. A form of pneumomassage for the ear.

vibrometer (vi-brom'-et-er) [vibrate; uerpov, a
measure]. A device for the treatment of deafness,
by which rapid vibrations of the membrana tympani
are induced.

vibrophone (vi'-bro-fon) [vibrate; Quvq, sound].
A device for applying sound massage to the mem-
brana tympani in treatment of deafness.

vibrotherapeutics (vi-bro-ther-ap-u'-tiks). The

therapeutic application of vibration.

viburnin (vi-bur'-nin) [Viburnum]. A precipitate
from a tincture of Viburnum opulus; antispasmodic,
antiperiodic, expectorant, tonic. Dose 1 to 3 grains.

Viburnum (vi-bur'-num). A genus of the Capri-
foliacece. The dried bark of V. opulus, cranberry-
tree, cramp-bark, is official in the U. S. P., and is
used in dysmenorrhea, scurvy, asthma, etc. The
dried bark of the root of V. prunifolium or of V.
lentago is official in the U. S. P., and is used in dys-
menorrhea, threatened abortion, menorrhagia, etc.
V. opulus, fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum viburni
opuli, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Co). V. pruni-
folium, fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum viburni pruni-
folii, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Co).

vicarious (vi-ka'-re-us) [vices, changes]. Taking
the place of something else; of a habitual discharge
occurring in an abnormal situation, as vicarious
menstruation.

vice (vis) [L„ vitium]. 1. A physical defect, as a
rice of conformation. 2. A moral defect; a bad habit.

Vichy water (ve-she). A mildly laxative and
antacid mineral water obtained from Vichy, in
France, and used in rheumatic and gouty conditions
and in disorders of the liver.

vicious (vish'-us) [from vice]. Defective, faulty.
v. union, the union of the ends of a fractured bone
with deformity.

vlcocoa (vi-ko'-ko). A combination of malt, kola,
and cocoa.

Vicq d'Azyr's band, V. d'A.'s stripe (vik-dah-zer)
[Felix Vicq d'Azyr, French anatomist, 1748-1794].
See Baillarger's layer. V. d'A.'s bundle, a tract of
nerve-fibers passing from the corpus albicans to the
anterior nucleus of the optic thalamus. V. d'A.'s
foramen, the foramen caecum at the upper end of the
median groove of the anterior surface of the ob-
longata. V. d'A.'s line, V. d'A.'s band. V. d'A.'s
operation, rapid tracheotomy through the crico-
thyroid membrane.

Victoria blue (vik-lo'-re-ah) [after Queen Victoria
of England, 1819-1901]. A blue stain used in
histology. It is phenyltetramethyl-amidoalphanaph-
thyldiphenylcarbinol hydrochloride. V. orange, a
yellow stain used in histology: it is a salt of dinitro-
cresol.

victorium (vik-to'-re-um) [after Queen Victoria of
England, 1819-1901]. A supposed element of the
yttrium-cerium group discovered by Sir William
Crookes; its existence is not proved.

Vidal's operation (ve'-dal) [Auguste Theodore
Vidal de Cassis, French surgeon, 1803-1856]. Sub-
cutaneous ligation of the veins involved, in treatment
of varicocele.

Vidian artery (vid'-e-an) [relating to, described by,
or named after Vidus Vidius (Guido Guidi), Italian
anatomist, 1545-1569]- A branch of the internal
maxillary artery; it passes through the Vidian canal
and is distributed to the pharynx and Eustachian
tube. V. canal, a canal of the sphenoid bone at the

base of the internal pterygoid plate, opening anteri-
orly into the sphenomaxillary fossa, and posteriorly
into the lacerated foramen. It transmits the Vidian
nerve and vessels. V. nerve, a branch given off from
the sphenopalatine ganglion.

vieirin (vi-e'-ir-in). A principle from the bark of
Remijia vellosii, one of the cuprea-barks. It is an
amorphous white substance with an aromatic odor
and bitter taste. It is soluble in alcohol and chloro-
form, and is used as a febrifuge instead of quinine.
Dose 1-4 gr. (0.065-0.25 Gm.) several times daily.

Vienna paste (ve-en'-ah). See paste, Vienna.

Vienna powder. Potassa cum calce.

Vierordt's hemotachometer (fer'-ort) [Karl Vier-
ordt, German physiologist, 1818-1884]. An instru-
ment for measuring the rate of flow of the blood.

Vieussens' annulus (ve-oo-son') [Raymond Vieus-
sens, French anatomist, 1641-1715]. A small nerve
passing between the middle and lower cervical,
or first dorsal, ganglia and forming a loop around
the subclavian artery. Syn., ansa subclavia. V.'s
centrum ovale. See centrum ovale Vieussenii. V.'s
ganglion, the solar plexus. V.'s isthmus, V.'s ring,
the annulus ovalis. V.'s valve. See valve of Vieus-
sens. V.'s ventricle, the fifth ventricle.

vigil (vij'-il) [L.]. Watchful wakefulness, v.,
coma. See coma vigil.

vigilambulism (vij-il-am'-bu-lizm) [vigil; ambulare,
to walk]. Ambulatory automatism in the waking
state.

vigintinormal (vij-in-te-nor'-mal) [viginti, twenty;
norma, rule]. Possessing one- twentieth of what is
normal.

Vignal's cells (ven'-yal) [Guillaume Vignal, French
physiologist, contemporary]. Embryonic connective-
tissue (mesenchymatous) cells lying upon the axis-
cylinders of which the fetal nerve-fibers are made up.
At first globular, these cells elongate and gradually
fuse until they form a complete sheath around the
axis-cylinder.

Vigo plaster (ve'-go) [Giovanni da Vigo, Italian
surgeon, circ. 1500]. A plaster containing mercury,
turpentine, wax, lead-plaster, and other substances.
V.'s powder, red oxide of mercury.

vigoral (vig'-o-ral). A proprietary preparation of
pulverized beef and beef extract.

Vigouroux's sign (ve-goo-roo') [Auguste Vigouroux,
French neurologist]. Diminished resistance of the
skin to electric stimulation in exophthalmic goiter.

Villard's button (ve-lar') [ Villard, French

surgeon]. A modification of Murphy's button.

Villatte's liquor, or solution. A preparation used
for injecting into carious bones, consisting of zinc
sulphate and copper sulphate, each, 15 gr.; lead
subacetate solution, 5 dr., and dilute acetic acid,
3§dr.

villi (vil'-li). Plural of villus, a tuft. Tufts of
hair, or hair-like processes or projections of a mucous
membrane giving it a velvety appearance, v.,
arachnoid, Pacchionian bodies, v. of the chorion,
fringes growing from the external surface of the
vitelline membrane, finally covering the entire chori-
on, v., intestinal, minute, highly vascular tongue-
like processes projecting from the free surface of
the mucous membrane of the small intestine through-
out its whole extent. They are larger and more
numerous in the duodenum and jejunum and are
fewer and smaller in the ileum. They constitute the
chief organs of absorption of fatty emulsions, v.
pericardiaci, villi upon the ental surface of the
pericardium, v. peritoneales, villi upon the free
surface of the peritoneum, v. pleurales, villi on the
parietal pleura, v., synovial, small, tongue-like
processes projecting from the fringes of synovial
membranes.

villiferous (vil-if'-er-us) [villus; ferre, to bear].
Furnished with tufts of hairs or villi.

villiform (vil'-if-orm) [villus; forma, form]. Villose
in form.

villiplacental (vil-ip-las-en'-tal) [villus; placenta].
Having a tufted or villous placenta.

villitis (vil-i'-tis) [villus; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the cushion or soft part of the wall
of a horse's hoof. See coronitis.

villoid (vil'-oid) [villus; elSos, like]. Villiform.

villoma (vil-o'-mah) [villus; opia, tumor]. A
villous tumor.

villose, villous (vil'-os, vil'-us) [villus]. Pertaining
to a villus; covered with villi; characterized by the
formation of villus-like projections.

VILLOSITIS

940

VIRTUAL CAUTERY

villositis (vil-os-i'-iis) [villus; -ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the villous surface of the placenta.

vlUosity (vil-os'-it-e) [villus], i. The state of
being villous. 2. A proliferation of a membranous
surface.

villus (vil'-us) [L., "a tuft of hair"; pi., villi].
1. One of the minute club-shaped projections from
the mucous membrane of the intestine, consisting
of a lacteal vessel, an arteriole, and a vein, inclosed
in a layer of epithelium. 2. One of the vascular
tufts of the chorion.

vin. Abbreviation of Latin vinum, wine.

vin (van) [Fr.]. Wine.

vina (vi'-nah) [L., pi. of vinum, wine]. Wines,
v. medicata, medicated wines.

vinasse (ve-nas) [Fr.]. Potash obtained from the
residue of the wine-press.

Vincent's angina [H. Vincent, French physician,
1862- ]. Diphtheroid angina due to the bacillus
of pseudodiphtheria. Syn., ulceromembranous angina.
V.'s sign. See Argyll-Robertson pupil.

Vincetoxicum (vin-se-toks' -ik-um) [vincere, to sub-
due; toxicum, poison]. A genus of the order Asclepi-
adacece. The root of V. officinale, swallowwort,
indigenous to Europe, is used as an emetic and in
menstrual disorders. '

vincula accessoria tendinum [L., pi. of vinculum,
a band]. The slender tendinous filaments which
connect the phalanges with the flexor tendons.

vinculum (vin'-ku-lum) [vinculum, ■&. band, fetter].
A ligament, frenum. v. linguae, frenum of the
tongue, v. lingulae, the lateral prolongation of the
lingula of the cerebellum, v. praeputii, the frenum of
the prepuce, v. umbilicale, the umbilical cord.

vinegar (vin'-e-gar) [Fr., vin, wine; aigre, sour].
1. An impure solution of acetic acid, obtained by
acetous fermentation of wine, beer, cider, etc., or
by the dry distillation of wood. It is used as a
condiment. 2. A solution of a medicinal substance
in vinegar or acetic acid. Only two vinegars are
official in the U. S. P.: vinegar of opium (acetum
opii, U. S. P.) and vinegar of squill (acetum scilloe,
U. S. P.). v. of lead, solution of lead subacetate.
v., radical, glacial acetic acid.

vinic (vi'-nik) [vinum]. Pertaining to wine;
obtained from wine.

vinometer (vi-nom' -e-ter) [vinum, wine; ukrpov,
measure]. An instrument for measuring the per-
centage of alcohol in a liquor.

vinopyrine (vi-no-pi'-rin). Trade name of an anti-
pyretic, said to be paraphenetidin bitartrate.

vinous (vi'-nus) [vinum]. Having the nature of
wine; containing wine.

vinum (vi'-num) [L.: gen., vini; pi., vina]. Wine.
The fermented juice of fruits, especially that of
grapes. See wine. There are 10 official vina, of
which 8 are medicated, v. absinthiatum, worm-
wood-wine ; made by macerating artemisia absinthium
in white wine. v. album, white wine, an alcoholic
liquid made by fermenting the juice of the fresh
grape; it contains from 10 to 14 per cent, by weight
of absolute alcohol, v. antimonii, wine of antimony.
Dose njf x-xxx. v. aromaticum consists of strong
white wine 04 per cent., with one per cent, each of
lavender, origanum, peppermint, rosemary, sage,
and wormwood, v. cocae, wine of coca, contains
6.5 per cent, of fluidextract of coca. Dose 5 iv.
v. colchici seminis, wine of colchicum-seed. Dose
i5> x-xxx. v. ergotae, wine of ergot. Dose 5 3 — iij -
v. ferri, wine of iron. Dose 5 j-ij- v. ferri amarum,
bitter wine of iron. Dose 5 J — iij - v. ipecacuanhas,
wine of ipecac. Dose njj v-x. v. opii, 1.3 to 1.5 gm.
morphine in 100 cc. Dose nj> v-xv. v. portense,
port wine, is fortified with 25-30 per cent.; and
v. xericum, sherry wine, until it contains about 25
per cent, of alcohol, v. rubrum, red wine, an alco-
holic liquid made by fermenting the juice of the
fresh, colored grapes, the fruit of Vitis vinifera, in
the presence of their skins. It contains from 10-14
per cent, by weight of absolute alcohol, vini gallici,
spiritus, brandy.

vioform (vi'-o-form). See iodochloroxyquinolin.

Viola (vi'-o-lah) [L., "violet"]. A genus of plants
of the Violariece, including V. tricolor, heart's-ease,
V. odorata, V. cucullata. V. odorata, as well as other
species, is used in bronchitis.

violation (vi-o-la'-shun) [violare, to ravish]. Rape.
Sometimes used to express the fact of coitus without
force, but by deception, with the weak-minded, etc.

violet (vi'-o-let) [viola]. 1. One of the colors of

the spectrum, very closely resembling the purple
of violets and possessing the greatest refrangibility
of the spectral colors. 2. A violet dyestuff. v.-
blindness, retinal insensibility to violet tints, v.,
gentian-, a violet anilin dye used for staining in
histological and bacteriological work, v., methyl-.
See methyl-violet.

violine (vi'-o-len) [viola]. An emetocathartic
alkaloid from Viola tricolor.

violinist's cramp, violin-player's cramp. An
occupation-neurosis occurring in violin-players, and
characterized by spasm of the fingers used in playing.

viperine (vi'-pur-in) [viper inus]. 1. Pertaining to
a viper. 2. Virginia snake-root. 3. A toxalbumin
extracted from the venom of vipers.

viraginity (vir-aj-in'-it-e) [virago, a bold man-
like woman]. A form of sexual perversion in which
the female individual is essentially male in her
feelings and tastes.

Virchow's angle (fer'-ko) [Rudolf Virchow,
German pathologist, 1821-1902]. In craniometry,
the angle formed by the union of a line joining the
naso-frontal suture and the most prominent point
of the lower edge of the superior alveolar processes,
and a line joining the superior border of the external
auditory meatus and the lower border of the orbit.
V.'s axiom, "omnis cellula ecellula," every cell (is de-
rived) from a cell. V.'s bone-cells. The cells found
in lacunae of bone. V.'s corpuscles. See Toynbee's
corpuscles. V.'s crystals, bright yellow or orange-
colored crystals of hematoidin sometimes found in
extravasated blood. V.'s degeneration, amyloid
degeneration. V.'s disease, leontiasis ossea. V.'s
gland, the jugular gland; a lymphatic gland situated
behind the clavicular insertion of the sternomastoid.
V.'s granulations, granulations consisting principally
of ependymal and neuroglia fibers, commonly found
in the walls of the ventricles of the brain in progressive
general paralysis. V.'s law, the cellular elements of
a tumor are derived from preexisting tissue-cells.
V.'s line, the line extending from the root of the
nose to the lambda.

Virchow-Hassall's bodies. See HassaU's bodies.

Virchow-Holder angle. Virchow's angle.

Virchow-Robin's space. An adventitious lymph-
space found between the adventitia and media of
the blood-vessels of the brain and communicating
with the subarachnoid space.

virgin (vur'-jin) [virgo, a maid]. A person who
has never had sexual intercourse.

virginal (vur'-jin-al) [virgin]. Pertaining to
virginity, v. membrane, the hymen.

Virginia creeper. Vitis hederacea (Ampelopsis
quinquefolia) ; the leaves and twigs are alterative,
tonic, astringent, and expectorant. V. snake-root.
See Serpentaria.

virginity (vur'-jin' -it-e) [virgin]. The condition
of being a virgin.

viridin (vir'-id-in) [viridis, green]. An oily sub-
stance, C12H19N, derived from coal-tar.

viridine (vir-id-in) [viridis, green]. An alkaloid
obtained from Veratrum viride, and supposed to be
identical with jervine.

virile (vir'-il) [virilis, from vir, a man]. Pertaining
to or characteristic of the man. v. member, the
penis.

virilescence (vir-il-es'-ens) [virile]. The assumption
of male characters by an aged woman; the growth of
a beard, the development of a manly voice on the
part of a woman after the menopause.

virilia (vir-il'-e-ah) [plural of virilis, manly]. The
male generative organs.

virilin (vir-il'-in). An aphrodisiac preparation
composed of yohimbine, strychnine, and glycero-
phosphates.

virility (vir -il' -it-e) [virile]. The condition of being
virile; procreative power.

viripotent (yir-ip'-o-tent) [vir, a man; potens,
able; hence, ripe for a man]. Marriageable. The
term should be used of the female only.

virogen (vi'-ro-jen). A preparation said to be
composed of glycerophosphates and soluble protein
of milk.

virol (vi'-rol). A proprietary substitute for cod-
liver oil.

virola-tallow. An oil or fat from the seeds of
Myristica sebifera; a remedy for rheumatism.

virose, virous (vi'-ros, vi'-rus) [virosus, poisonous].
Poisonous; having a poisonous taste or smell.

virtual cautery (vur'-tu-al kor'-ter-e). Cautery by

VIRTUAL FOCUS

941

VITALI'S TEST

the application of caustics; term used in opposition
to actual cautery.

virtual focus (vur'-tu-al fo'-kus). See focus, nega-
tive.

virtual image (vur'-tu-al im'-aj). The image
formed by rays prolonged after reflection.

virulence (vir'-oo-lens) [virus]. Malignity; noxious-
ness; infectiousness. The disease-producing power
of a microorganism.

virulent (vir'-oo-lent) [virus]. Having the nature of
a poison.

viruliferous (vir-oo-lif'-er-us) [virus; ferre, to carry].
Containing or conveying a virus.

virulin (vir'-oo-lin). Antiphagin. A constituent of
virulent bacteria which enables them to resist the
action of phagocytes.

virus (vi'-rus) [L.]. i. The poison of an infectious
disease, especially one found in the secretion or tissues
of an individual or animal suffering from an infectious
disease. 2. Vaccine-lymph, v., attenuated, a virus
whose pathogenicity has been lessened by unfavorable
conditions of cultivation, v. fixe, or v., fixed,
v. of rabies which has been rendered as virulent as
possible, v., humanized, vaccine-lymph taken from
the vaccine pustule of a human subject, v., organized,
a pathogenic microorganism, v., street, v. of ^ rabies
ordinarily found in rabid dogs, v., unorganized, a
poisonous chemical substance developed in the body
by the action of the body-cells or of microorganisms.

vis [L. : pi., vires]. Force; energy; power, v. a
fronte, a force that attracts, v. a tergo, a force
that pushes something before it. v. conservatrix,
the healing power of nature, v. formativa, energy
manifesting itself in the formation of new tissue
to replace that which has been destroyed, v. inertia?,
that force by virtue of which a body at rest remains
at rest. v. medicatrix naturae, the healing power
of nature apart from medicinal treatment, v. vita?,
vital force.

viscera (vis'-er-ah). Plural of viscus.

viscerad (vis'-er-ad) [viscera; ad, to]. Toward the
viscera.

visceral (vis'-er-al) [viscera]. Pertaining to a viscus
or to viscera, v. arches and clefts, four slit-like depres-
sions with intermediate thickenings of the lateral wall
of the cervical region of the embryo, v. skeleton,
that part of the bony skeleton which encloses viscera,
such as the pelvis, ribs, and sternum.

visceralgia (vis-er-al'-je-ah) [viscera; SXyos, pain]
Pain in a viscus.

visceralism (vis'-ur-al-izm). The doctrine that all
disease has its origin in the viscera.

viscerimotor (vis-er-im-o'-tor) [viscera; motor].
Conveying motor impulses to a viscus.

visceripericardial (vis-er-ip-er-ik-ar'-de-al) [viscera ;
pericardium]. Common to the pericardium and the
viscera.

viscero- {vis-er-o-) [viscera]. A prefix denoting
pertaining to the viscera.

visceroinhibitory (vis-er-o-in-hib'-it-o-re). Inhibit-
ing the movements of viscera.

visceromotor (vis-er-o-mo' -tor) . Viscerimotor.

visceroparietal (vis-er-o-pa-ri'-et-al) [viscero- ; paries,
wall]. Pertaining to the viscera and the abdominal
wall.

visceropericardial (vis-er-o-per-ik-ar'-de-al). See
visceripericardial.

visceroperitoneal (vis-er-o-per-it-on-e'-al) [viscero-;
peritoneum]. Relating to the abdominal viscera and
the peritoneum.

visceropleural (vis-er-o-ploo'-ral) [viscero-; ir\evpa,
side]. Pertaining to the thoracic viscera and the
pleura ; pleurovisceral.

visceroptosis (vis-er-op-to'-sis) [viscero-; tctuhjis,
a falling]. Abdominal ptosis; Glenard's disease.

viscerosensory (vis-er-o-sen'-so-re) [viscero-; sen-
sory]. Relating to sensation in the viscera.

visceroskeletal (vis-er-o-skeV -et-al) [viscero-; skele-
ton]. Pertaining to the visceral skeleton.

viscerosomatic (vis-er-o-so-mat'-ik) [viscero-; <ru>na,
body]. Relating to the viscera and the body.

viscid {vis' -id) [viscidus, sticky]. Sticky; adhesive;
glutinous.

viscidity (vis-id' -it-e) [viscid]. The state of being
viscid. Same as viscosity.

viscin (vis' -in) [viscum]. A mucilaginous extract
of mistletoe.

viscometer (vis-kom'-et-er). See viscosimeter.

viscose (vis'-kos) [viscum]. 1. See viscous. 2. A
gummy product of viscous fermentation. '

viscosimeter (vis-cos-im'-et-ur) [viscosity; ukrpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for determining the degree
of viscosity of a fluid, especially blood.

viscosity (vis-kos'-it-e). The state of being vis-
cous.

viscous (vis'-kus). 1. Viscid. 2. Pertaining to a
viscus or internal organ.

Viscum (vis'-kum) [L.]. A genus of plants, in-
cluding the mistletoe, of the order Loranthacece,
growing as parasites upon trees. V. album, European
mistletoe, and V. flavescens, or Phoradendron flaves-
cens, American mistletoe, contain a viscid principle,
viscin, which is the chief constituent.

viscus (vis'-kus) [L.: pi., viscera]. Any one of the
organs inclosed within one of the four great cavities,
the cranium, thorax, abdominal cavity, or pelvis;
especially one within the abdominal cavity.

visibility (yiz-ib-iV -it-e) . The state of being visible.

visible (viz'-ib-l) [vision]. Capable of being seen.

vision (vizh'-un) [videre, to see]. The act of seeing;
sight, v., binocular. See binocular vision, v.,
central, vision with the macula lutea. v., chromatic,
pertaining to the color sense, v., direct. See v.,
central, v., double. See diplopia, v., field of.
See field, v., indirect, vision with other parts of
the retina than the macula, v., multiple, a condition
of the eye wherein more than one image of an object
is formed upon the retina, v., qualitative, vision
in which there is ability to distinguish objects.
v., quantitative, mere perception of light, v., solid,
v., stereoscopic, the perception of relief or depth of
objects obtained by binocular vision.

visit (viz' -it) [videre, to see]. A professional call
upon a patient.

viskolein (vis-ko'-le-in). A proprietary preparation
said to be antiseptic and antipyretic.

visual (viz'-u-al) [vision]. Pertaining to vision,
v. angle. See angle, v. axis. See axis. v. cells,
the rods and cones and external nuclear layer of the
retina, v. field, the area within which objects may
be seen. v. purple, a pigmentary substance in the
retina reacting to light in a peculiar manner, and
thought to be intimately connected with vision.
See rhodopsin.

visualization (viz-u-al-iz-a'-shun). The act of
rendering a mental perception visible to the eye;
the recalling of a mental image with such distinct-
ness that it seems reality.

visuoauditory (viz-u-o-aw'-dit-o-re) [vision; audire,
to hear]. Pertaining to hearing and seeing; of
nerve-fibers, connecting the visual and auditory
centers.

visuometer (viz-u-om'-et-er) [visus, vision; ukrpov, a
measure]. An apparatus for determining range of
vision.

visus (vi'-sus) [videre, to see]. Vision, v. acrior,
nyctalopia, v. acris, acuteness of vision, v. breyior,
myopia, v. coloratus, chromatopsia. v. debilitas,
asthenopia, v. decoloratus, achromatopsia, v. di-
midiatus, hemiopia. v. diurnus, hemeralopia. v.
duplicatus, diplopia, v. habetudo, amblyopia, v.
juvenum, myopia, v. lucidus, photopsia. v. mus-
carum, specks before eyes. v. senilis, presbyopia.

vita (vi'-tah) [L.]. Life.

vitafer (vi'-ta-fer). A proprietary preparation,
containing casein and glycerophosphates, and used
as a tonic and nutrient.

vital (vi'-tal) [vita, life]. Pertaining to life. v.
capacity, the volume of air that can be expelled from
the lungs after a full inspiration, v. center, the
respiratory center in the medulla, v. knot, the
respiratory center in the medulla, v. principle, the
energizing principle on which individual life depends,
v. signs, respiration, pulse, and temperature, v. sta-^
tistics, statistics of births, deaths, marriages, and
diseases in a community.:

Vitali's test (ve-tah'-le) [Dioscoride Vitali, Italian
physician]. 1. For alkaloids: The addition of sul-
phuric acid, potassium chlorate, and an alkaline
sulphide will give various color reactions with an
alkaloid. 2. For atropine: After evaporation with
fuming nitric acid and moistening with alcoholic
solution of potassium hydroxide, atropine causes a
violet color which changes to red. 3- For bile pig-
ments in the urine: Add to the liquid a few drops of a
potassium nitrite solution and then some dilute
sulphuric acid. A beautiful green color will be pro-
duced, changing to red or blue, and finally to yellow.
4. For pus in the urine: The urine is acidified with
acetic acid, then filtered; to the filtrate a small

VITALISM

942

VOILLEMIER'S POINT

quantity of guaiacum is added; in the presence of
pus a dark blue color results.

vitalism (vi'-tal-izm) [see vital]. The doctrine that
ascribes the phenomena exhibited by living organisms
to the action of a vital force distinct from mechanical
or chemical force.

vitalist (vi'-tal-ist) [see vital]. A believer in
vitalism.

vitality (vi-tal'-it-e) [vita, life]. The vital force,
or principle of life; also the condition of having life;
vigor; activity.

vitalize (vi'-tal-iz) [vita, life]. To endow with life.

vitals (vi'-talz) [see vital]. The organs essential to
life.

vitamine (vi'-tam-en) [vita, life; amine]. A sub-
stance, belonging to a group of organic bases of
unknown composition, which is present in small
quantities in food, and is necessary for the normal
processes of metabolism ; the absence or insufficiency
of these substances is supposed to be the cause of
beriberi, pellagra, rickets, and scurvy.

vitaminosis (vi-tam-in-o'-sis) [vitamine; vbtros,
disease]. An indefinite term used to include the
diseases supposed to be due to deficiency, scurvy,
pellagra, beriberi, and rickets.

vitellary (vit'-el-a-re) [vitellus, yolk]. Pertaining
to the vitellus.

vitellicle (vit-el'-ik-l) [vitellus, yolk]. The yolk-
sac; umbilical vesicle.

vitellin (vit-el'-in) [vitellus, yolk]. A globulin
found in egg-yolk.

vitelline (vit-el'-in) [vitellus, yolk]. Pertaining to
the vitellus or yolk. v. artery, an artery passing
from the yolk-sac to the primitive aorta of the
embryo, v. duct, the omphalomesaraic duct. v.
membrane, the true membrane of the ovum, lying
inside of the zona pellucida. v. veins, veins returning
the blood from the yolk-sac to the primitive heart of
the embryo.

vitellolutein (vit-el-o-lu'-te-in) [vitellus, luteus,
golden yellow]. A yellow dye from the lutein of
eggs.

vitellomesenteric (vit-el-o-mes-en-ter'-ik) [vitellus;
mesentery]. Omphalomesenteric.

vitellorubin (vit-el-o-roo'-bin) [vitellus; ruber, red].
A reddish pigment obtained from the yolk of egg.

vitellose (vit-el-os') [vitellus], A proteose obtained
from vitellin.

vitellus (vit-el'-us) [L.]. A yolk; specifically, the
yolk of the egg of the common fowl, Gallus domesticus.
v. ovi, the yolk of an egg.

vitiation (vish-e-a'-shun) [vitiare, to corrupt].
I. The contamination of any substance. 2. Lessen-
ing of efficiency or utility.

vitiligines (vit-i-lij'-in-ez) [pi. of vitiligo]. The
linear albicantes.

vitiligo (vit-il-i'-go) [L.]. Piebald skin, a disease of
the skin characterized by a disappearance of the
natural pigment, occurring in patches and leaving
whitish areas.

vitiligoid (vit-il'-ig-oid). Resembling vitiligo.

vitiligoidea (vit-il-ig-oi'-de-ah) [vitiligo; eZSos, like].
Xanthoma.

vitium (vish'-e-um) [L.: pi., vitia], A vice, defect,
disease, or fault, v. caducum, epilepsy, v. cordis,
organic heart disease, v. prima conformations, a
malformation.

vitodynamic (vi-to-di-nam'-ik) [vita, life; Swanu,
energy]. Relating to vital forces.

vitreocapsulitis (vit-re-o-kap-su-li'-tis). See hya-
litis.

vitreodentine (vit-re-o-den'-ten) [vitreus, glassy;
dens, a tooth]. A variety of dentine of particularly
hard texture.

vitreous (vit'-re-us) [vitrum, glass]. Glassy; hya-
line. The vitreous humor (q. v.). v. body. See
v. humor, v. chamber, the portion of the globe of
the eye posterior to the crystalline lens. v. degen-
eration, hyaline degeneration, v. humor, the trans-
parent, jelly-like substance filling the posterior
chamber of the eye. v. membrane, the inner mem-
brane of the choroid, v. table, the hard, brittle,
inner table of the skull.

vitrescence (vit-res'-ens) [vitrum, glass]. The con-
dition of becoming hard and transparent like glass.

vitreum (vit'-re-um) [vitreus, glassy]. The vitre-
ous body of the eye; same as vitreous humor.

vitric (vit'-rik). Relating to glass or any vitreous
substance.

vitrina (vit-ri'-na) [vitrum, glass]. The vitreous

body. v. auditoria, or v. auris, the endolymph.
v. oculi, the vitreous body.

vitriol (vit'-re-ol) [vitriolum; vitrum, glass]. A term
formerly used to denote any substance having a
glassy fracture or appearance. 1. Sulphuric acid,
more commonly called oil of vitriol. 2. Any crystal-
line salt of sulphuric acid, v., blue, copper sulphate.
v., elixir of, aiomatic sulphuric acid, v., green,
ferrous sulphate or copperas, v., oil of, sulphuric
acid, v., white, zinc sulphate.

vitriolated (vit'-re-ol-a-ted). Containing vitriol;
containing sulphur or sulphuric acid. v. soda,
sodium sulphate, v. tartar, potassium sulphate.

vitriolation (vit-re-o-la'-shun). Conversion into
glass or into a hyaloid structure.

vitriolum cupri. Blue vitriol.

vitrum (vit'-rum) [L.]. Glass.

vitular (vit'-u-lar) [vitulus, calf]. Relating to a
calf 01 ,to calving, v. apoplexy, apoplexy of cows
occurring at parturition, v. fever. 1. Vitular
apoplexy. 2. A fever following parturition in the
cow.

vividiffusion (viv-e-dif-u! -zjun) [vivus, living; diffu-
sion]. The temporary flow of some of the arterial
blood of a living animal through an extra-circuit
of collodion tubes surrounded with physiological salt-
solution, which circuit is inserted into one of the peri-
pheral arteries. The blood thus circulates outside of
the body through a dialyser, and back again into a vein.

vivification (viv-if-ik-a'-shun) [vivus, living; facer e,
to make]. The act of making alive or of converting
into living tissue.

viviparity (viv-ip-ar'-it-e) [vivus, living; par ere, to
bring forth]. The bringing forth of hving offspring;
the state of being viviparous.

viviparous (viv-ip'-ar-us) [see viviparity]. Bringing
forth the young alive — distinguished from oviparous.

vivipation (viv-ip-a'-shun) [vivus, alive; par ere, to'
bring forth]. A form of generation in which the
ovum matures in the uterus.

viviperception (viv-ip-er-sep'-shun) [vivus, living;
percipere, to perceive]. The study of physiological
processes without dissection or vivisection.

vivisect (viv'-is-ekt) [vivus, living; secare, to cut].
To practise or perform vivisection.

vivisection (viv-is-ek'-shun) [vivus, living; secare, to
cut]. The dissection of a living animal; experi-
mentation upon an animal while still alive.

vivisectionist (viv-is-ek'-shunrist) [see vivisection].
A practiser or defender of vivisection; a vivisector.

vivisector (viv-is-ek'-tor) [see vivisection]. One who
practises vivisection.

vivisectorium (viv-is-ek-to'-re-um) [L.]. A place or
laboratory where vivisection is performed.

Vleminckx's solution (flem'-inx) [Jean Francois
Vleminckx, Belgian physician, 1800-1876]. An ap-
plication used in Austria and Germany for treating
acne. It consists of lime, 1; sulphur, 2; water, 20.
Slake the lime, add the sulphur, and boil to 12 parts,
v. vocal (vo'-kal) [vox, voice]. Pertaining to the
voice; pertaining to the organs producing the voice,
v. area, the portion of the glottis lying between the
vocal cords, v. bands, v. cords. See under larynx.
v. fremitus, the thrill conveyed to the hand when
applied to the chest during speaking, v. ligaments,
the true vocal cords, v. resonance, the resonance pro-
duced by the voice as heard on auscultating the lung.

vocalis (vo-ka'-lis). See muscles, table of.

vodka (vod'-kah). A kind of Russian whiskey.

Vogt's point (foht) [Paul Friedrich Emmanuel
Vogt, German surgeon, 1847-1885]. The point
selected by Vogt for trephining in cases of traumatic
meningeal hemorrhage. It is found at the inter-
section of a horizontal line two fingerbreadths above
the zygomatic arch, with a vertical line a thumb's
breadth behind the ascending sphenofrontal process
of the zygoma.

Vohsen-Davidsohn's sign. See Davidsohn's sign.

voice (vois) [vox, a voice]. The sounds, especially
articulate sounds, produced by the vibration of the
vocal bands and modified by the resonance organs.
v., change of, in the transition period of youth the
voice loses its treble quality and (sometimes irregu-
larly) assumes the qualities of the adult voice.

void [ME., voiden, to void]. To evacuate.

Voigt's boundary-lines (foit) [Christian August
Voigt, Austrian anatomist, 1809-1890]. The lines
which divide the regions of distribution of two
peripheral nerve-trunks.

Voillemier's point. A point on the linea alba

VOIT'S NUCLEUS

943

VULNUS

6 to 7 cm. below a line drawn between the two
anterior superior spines of the ilium; suprapubic
puncture of the bladder is made at this point in
fat or edematous subjects.

Voit's nucleus (foit) [Carl von Voit, German
physiologist, 1831-1908]. An accessory nucleus of
the corpus dentatum in the cerebellum.

vola (vo'-lah) [L.]. The palm of the hand or the
sole of the foot. v. manus, the palm of the hand.
v. pedis, the sole of the foot.

volar (vo'-lar) [vola]. Pertaining to the palm or the
sole.

volatile (vol'-at-il) [volatilis, from volare, to fly].
Passing into vapor at ordinary temperatures; evapo-
rating, v. alkali, ammonia, v. liniment, ammonia
liniment, v. oils. See essential oils.

volatilization (vol-at-il-i-za'-shun) [see volatile].
The act of volatilizing.

volatilize (vol'-at-il-iz) [see volatile]. To convert
into vapor by means of heat; to pass into vapor.

Volhard's solution (J 'ol' '-hart) [J. Volhard, German
chemist, 1834- ]. Decinormal solution of po-
tassium sulphocyanate. V.'s volumetric method,
a method for estimating halogens by means of
ammonium sulphocyanate.

volition (vo-lish'-un) [volitio, will]. The will or
determination to act.

volitional (vo-lish'-un-al) [volitio, will]. Pertaining
to volition, v. insanity, insanity characterized by
perversions of the will, or by abulia or hyperbulia.

Volkmann's canals (folk'-mahn) [Alfred Wilhelm
Volkmann, German physiologist, 1800-1877]. Small
canals found in the circumferential lamella? of long
bones and transmitting blood-vessels; they com-
municate with the Haversian canals.

Volkmann's deformity (folk'-mahn) [Richard
Volkmann, German surgeon, 1 830-1 889]. Con-
genital tibiotarsal dislocation. V.'s spoon, a sharp
spoon for removing diseased tissue.

volley (vol'-e) [volare, to fly]. A series of arti-
ficially induced muscle-twitches.

volsella (vol-seV -ah) [vellere, to pluck]. A forceps
having one or more hooks at the end of each blade.
Also called vulsella.

volt (volt) [Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist,
1745-1827]. The unit of electromotive force, or the
force sufficient to cause a current of one ampere to
flow against a resistance of one ohm. v.-ampere,
the amount of pressure developed by a current of
one ampere having an electromotive force of one
volt. Syn., watt.

voltage (volt'-aj) . Electromotive strength measured
in volts.

voltagram (volt'-ah-gram). A faradic battery
so arranged as to produce an almost continuous
current.

voltaic (vol-ta'-ik). Described by or named after
Volta (see volt), v. electricity, galvanism, v. irrita-
bility, muscular irritability during galvanism.

voltaism (vol'-ta-izm). See galvanism.

voltameter (vol-tam' -et-er) [volt; tikrpov, a measure].
An instrument for ascertaining the electromotive
force of a current in volts.

voltammeter (volt' -am-me-ter) [volt; ampere]. An
instrument for estimating both volts and amperes.

voltmeter (volt'-me-ter) [see voltameter]. An instru-
ment for measuring the voltage of an electric current.

Voltolini's disease (v6l-to-le'-ne) [Frederic Edward
Rudolph Voltolini, German otologist and laryngolo-
gist, 1819-1889]. Primary labyrinthitis: an affection
of childhood, characterized by meningitic symptoms,
followed by deafness, deaf-mutism, and a staggering
gait.

Voltolini-Heryng's sign. See Heryng's sign.

volume (vol'-um). In physics, the space which a
substance fills. Cubic dimension, v. index (of blood
cells), the average size of the red cells of an individual
as compared with their normal size, v., specific,
the molecular weight divided by the specific gravity.

volumetric (vol-u-met'-rik) [volume; fierpov, a
measure]. Pertaining to measurement by volume,
v. analysis. See analysis, volumetric.

volumometer (vol-u-mom'-e-ler) [see volumetric].
An apparatus used for the purpose of measuring
changes in volume.

voluntary (vol' -un-ta-r e) [voluntas, will]. Under
the control of the will; performed by an exercise
of the will. v. muscle, striped muscle.

voluntomotory (vol-un-to-mo'-to-re) [voluntary; mo-
tor]. Pertaining to voluntary motion.

volute (vo-lut') [voluta, a spiral scroll]. Rolled
up like a scroll; convoluted.

volution (vol-u'-shun) [voluta, a spiral scroll].
A convolution; a gyrus.

volvulus (vol'-vil-lus) [volvere, to roll]. A twisting
of the bowel upon itself so as to occlude the lumen,
occurring most frequently in the sigmoid flexure.

vomer (vo'-mer) [L., a plowshare]. The thin
plate of bone situated vertically between the nasal
fossa?, and forming the posterior portion of the
septum of the nose, v., cartilaginous, a cartilaginous
plate that forms the anterior portion of the septum
of the nose.

vomerine (vo'-mer-in) [vomer]. Pertaining to the
vomer.

vomerobasilar (vo-mer-o-bas'-il-ar). Relating to
the vomer and to the basal part of the cranium.

vomica (vom'-ik-ah) [vomica, an ulcer: pi., vomica],

1. A cavity formed by the breaking down of tissue;
especially a cavity in the lung. 2. [vomer e, to
vomit]. A collection of pus in the lungs or adjacent
organs that may discharge through the bronchi
and mouth, v. laryngis, perichrondritis of the larynx.

vomicose (vom'-ik-os) [vomica]. Purulent; ulcera-
tive.

vomit (vom'-it) [vomere, to vomit]. 1. To expel
from the stomach by vomiting. 2. Vomited matter,
v., bilious, vomit stained with bile, v., black, the
characteristic vomit of yellow fever, a dark fluid
consisting of blood and the contents of the stomach,
v., coffee-ground, vomit consisting of broken-down
blood and the contents of the stomach ; it is frequently
seen in carcinoma of the stomach.

vomiting (vom'-it-ing) [vomit]. The forcible ejec-
tion of the contents of the stomach through the
mouth, v., cyclic, vomiting recurring at regular
periods, v., dry, persistent nausea with attempts
at vomiting, but with the ejection of nothing but
gas. v., pernicious, a variety of vomiting occasionally
seen in pregnancy and becoming at times so exces-
sive as to threaten life, v., stercoraceous, the ejec-
tion of fecal matter in the vomit, usually due to
intestinal obstruction.

vomito negro (vo-me'-to na'-gro) [Sp.]. Black
vomit. Yellow fever.

vomitory (vom'-it-or-e) [vomit], 1. Any agent that
induces emesis. 2. A vessel to receive ejecta.

vomiturition (vom-it-u-rish'-un) [vomit]. Ineffec-
tual attempt at vomiting; retching.

vomitus (vom'-it-us) [vomit], 1. Vomited matter.

2. The act of vomiting, v. cruentus, bloody vomit,
v. marinus, seasickness, v. matutinus, morning
sickness, v. niger, black vomit.

von. For names with this prefix see the name
itself.

vonulo (von'-u-lo). A bronchial disease seen in
West Africa.

voracious (vor-a'-shus) [vorare, to devour]. Having
an insatiable appetite or desire for food.

vortex (vor'-teks) [vortex, whirl: pi., vortices], A
structure having the appearance of being produced
by a rotary motion about an axis. v. of the heart,
a name applied to the spiral arrangement of the
muscular fibres of the walls of the heart.

vorticose (vor' -tik-os) [vortex]. Whirling, v. veins.
See vena vorticosa.

vox (voks) [L.]. The voice, v. abscissa, loss of
voice, v. capitis, the upper register of the voice;
falsetto voice, v. cholerica, a peculiar faint voice
noted in the last stage of cholera, v. rauca, hoarse
voice.

voyeur (vwoy'-er) [Fr. voir, to see]. One who
indulges a desire to witness sexual intercourse.

V. S. Abbreviation for volumetric solution.

vuerometer (vu-er-om' -et-er) [Fr. vue, sight; ukrpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for determining the
distance of the eyes from each other.

vulcanite (vul'-kan-it) [Vulcan, the god of fire].
Vulcanized caoutchouc.

vulcanize (vul'-kan-tz) [see vulcanite]. To subject
rubber to the process of vulcanization, a process
wherein it is treated with sulphur at a high tempera-
ture, and thereby rendered either flexible or very
hard (vulcanite).

yulneral (vul'-ner-aV) [vulnus, a wound]. A pro-
prietary salve for wounds and ulcers.

vulnerary (vul'-ner-a-re) [vulnus, a wound]. 1. Per-
taining to wounds; healing wounds. 2. An agent
useful in healing wounds.

vulnus (vul'-nus) [L.]. A wound.

VULPIAN'S TYPE

944

VUTRIN

Vulpian's type of progressive muscular atrophy.
See Aran-Duckenne' s disease.

Vulpian-Prevost's law. See Prevost's symptom.

vulsella, vulsellum (vul-sel'-ah, vul-sel'-um). See
volsella.

vultus (vul'-tus) [L.J. The face, countenance, or
looks.

vulva (vul'-vah) [volvere, to roll up]. The external
organs of generation in the woman, v. cerebri,
the anterior opening of the third ventricle of the
brain, v. connivens, a form of vulva in which the
labia majora are in close apposition, v., garrulity of,
vaginal flatus, v. hians, the form of vulva in which
the labia majora are gaping.

vulval, vulvar (vul'-val, vul'-var) [vulva]. Pertain-
ing to the vulva.

vulvismus (vul-viz'-mus). See vaginismus.

vulvitis (vul-vi'-tis) [vubva; ins, inflammation].
Inflammation of the vulva.

vulvo- {vul-vo-) [vulva]. A prefix denoting pertain-
ing to the vulva.

vulvouterine (vul-vo-u'-ter-in). Relating to the
vulva and the uterus considered together.

vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaj'-in-al) [vulvo-; vagina].
Pertaining to the vulva and the vagina, v. gland,
a small gland situated on each side of the vulva near
the vagina.# Syn., gland of Bartholin.

vulvovaginitis (vul-vo-vaj-in-i'-tis) [vulvo-; vagina;
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vulva
and of the vagina existing at the same time.

vutrin (vii'-trin). A concentrated powdered meat-
extract.

w

W. The chemical symbol of tungsten (wolframium) .

wabain (wah'-bah-in). A glucoside of waba, the
root of Carissa schimperi; a cardiac stimulant and
local anesthetic.

wabran (wah'-bran). Plantago.

Wachendorff's membrane (vah' -ken-dor ■/) [Eber-
hard Jacob von Wachendorff, Dutch anatomist, 18th
century], i. The pupillary membrane which covers
the pupil during fetal life. 2. Cell membrane.

Wachsmuth's mixture {vahks' -moot) [Hans Wachs-
tnuth, German neurologist, 1872- ]. An anes-
thetic mixture of oil of turpentine 1 part, chloroform
5 parts.#

wadding (wod'-ing). Common name for cotton
wool or carded cotton in sheets.

waddle (wod'-l). To sway or rock from side to
side in walking.

Wade's balsam. A compound tincture of benzoin.
W.'s drops. Same as W.'s balsam. W.'s supposi-
tories, urethral suppositories containing iodoform
bismuth subnitrate, chloral and morphine.

wafer (wa'-fer). A thin layer composed of mois-
tened flour, and used to inclose powders that are taken
internally.

Wagner's corpuscles (vahg'-ner) [Rudolf Wagner,
German physiologist, 1805-1864]. See Meissner's
corpuscles. W.'s spot, the germinal spot of the
germinal vesicle. W.'s tactile corpuscles. Same as
W.'s corpuscles.

Wagner's migration theory (vahg'-ner) [Moritz
Wagner, German scientist, 1813-1887]. That new
species of animals arise through the accommodation
to surroundings of animals which have migrated or
been transported.

Wagstaffe's fracture (wag' -staff) [William Warwick
Wagstaffe, English surgeon, 1843-1910]. Separation
of the internal malleolus.

(von) Wahl's sign (vahl) [Eduard von Wahl,
German surgeon, 1 833-1 890]. 1. Distention of the
bowel (local meteorism) above the point at which
there exists an obstruction. 2. A scraping or blowing
sound, synchronous with the cardiac impulse, heard
over an arterial trunk immediately after the partial
division, through injury, of the vessel.

wahoo (wah-hoo') . See Euonymus.

waist. The narrowest portion of the trunk above
the hips.

waistcoat, strait. See jacket, strait.

wakamba (wak-am'-bah). A vegetable arrow poi-
son, used in Zanzibar.

Walcher's position (vahl'-ker) [Gustav Adolf
Walcher, German obstetrician, 1856- ]. A
dorsal posture with the hips at the edge of the table
and lower extremities hanging.

Walcheren fever (vahl'-tsher-en) [ Walcher en, in the
Netherlands]. A severe type of malarial fever.

Waldenburg's apparatus (vahl' -den-boor g) [Louis
Waldenburg, German physician, 1837-1881]. An
apparatus constructed on the principle of a gaso-
meter, and used for compressing or rarefying air,
which is inhaled, or into which the patient exhales.

Waldeyer's fossa (vahl'-di-er) [Heinrich Wilhelm
Gottfried Waldeyer, German anatomist, 1836- ].
Mesentericoparietal fossa. See Broesike's fossa.
W.'s germinal epithelium, the single layer of columnar
epithelial cells covering the free surface of the ovary.
W.'s glands, modified sudoriparous glands, located
at the attached border of the tarsal plates of the
eyelids. W.'s plasma-cells. See cells, plasma- (2).
W.'s sulcus, the sulcus spiralis of the cochlea. W.'s
tonsillar ring, the ring formed by the two faucial
tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsil, and smaller groups of
adenoid follicles at the base of the tongue and
behind the posterior pillars of the fauces. W.'s
vascular layer, the internal or vascular layer of the
ovary. W.'s zonal layer, Lissauer's tract.

wale. See wheal.

Walker-Gordon milk. A form of modified milk,

prepared separately and specially for each case
according to the prescription of a physician, and put
up by a firm of this name.

walking typhoid. A mild grade of typhoid fever.

wall-diseases. Those due to the presence of
saltpeter by the penetration into the body of the
walls of houses of the bacilli of nitrification, making
the houses cold and unwholesome, especially in damp
localities.

Waller's law. See Wallerian law.

Wallerian degeneration (wol-le'-re-an) [Augustus
Volney Waller, English physiologist, 1816-1870].
Degeneration of a nerve consecutive upon its section,
the process consisting essentially in segmentation
of the myelin and subsequent disappearance of the
latter, together with the axis-cylinder. W. law,
a nerve-fiber undergoes degenerative changes when
it is separated from its trophic cells.

wall-eye. A colloquial name for leukoma of the
cornea or for divergent strabismus.

wall-teeth. Molar teeth.

walnut. See juglans.

Walter's ganglion. See Walther's ganglion.

Walther's arteriosonervous plexus (vahl'-ter)
[August Friedrich Walther, German anatomist,
1688-1746]. The cavernous plexus. W.'s ducts,
the ducts of the accessory sublingual glands. W.'s
ganglion, the ganglion impar or coccygeal ganglion.
W.'s oblique ligament, the ligamentous band ex-
tending from the external malleolus inward to the
posterior surface of the astragalus.

wambles (worn' -bis). Milk-sickness.

wandering (wan'-der-ing). 1. Moving about, as
wandering cells. 2. Abnormally movable, as wander-
ing spleen, w. abscess, one that points at a con-
siderable distance from its real seat. w. cell, a
leukocyte.

wang [ME., wange, cheek]. 1. The jaw, jaw-bone,
or cheek-bone. 2. A cheek-tooth or grinder, w.-
tooth, a cheek-tooth; a grinder or molar.

waras. See warras.

Warburg's tincture. An antiperiodic and diaphor-
etic mixture used in pernicious forms of malaria,
consisting of: Aqueous extract of aloes, 28 gr.;
rhubarb and angelica seed, each, 448 gr. ; elecampane,
saffron, and fennel, each, 224 gr. ; gentian, zedoary
root, cubeb, white agaric, camphor, and myrrh,
each, 112 gr. ; quinine sulphate, 1280 gr.; dilute
alcohol, sufficient to make 8 pints. As originally
made, it contained over 60 ingredients many of
which are now unobtainable.

ward. A division or room of a hospital, w.-
carriage, an apparatus on wheels for holding surgical
material, instruments, etc.

Ward's paste. Confection of black pepper.

Wardrop's disease [James Wardrop, English
surgeon, 1782-1869]. Onychia maligna. W.'s oper-
ation, ligation of an artery beyond an aneurism.

warehouseman's itch. Palmar eczema occurring
among the workmen in warehouses.

war fever. A synonym of typhus fever.

Waring's system [George Edward Waring, Ameri-
can sanitary engineer, 1833-1898]. A system of
sewage disposal by means of sub-surface irrigation.
It should be called "Moule's System," because
originated by the late Rev. Henry Moule, an
English clergyman, of the last century.

warm-blooded. A term applied to animals that
maintain a uniform temperature whatever the
changes in the surrounding medium.

warming plaster. See plaster, warming.

warras (war'-as) [Ind.]. A variety of kamala
said to be obtained from Flemingia grahamiana, a
leguminous tree of India; it is a teniafuge and useful
in skin diseases, also used as a dye. Dose of powder
3 jss-v; of tincture 5 j.

Warren's fat-columns (war'-en) [John Collins
Warren, Boston surgeon, 1778-1856]. Slender

WARREN'S STYPTIC

946

WEBER'S GLANDS

columns of fatty tissue passing from the subcutaneous
adipose tissue to the base of the hair-follicles. They
are well developed over the dorsum of the body,
particularly near the median line.

Warren's styptic. The lotto adstringens (N. F.).
W.'s test, Trommer's test.

wart [AS., wearte]. A hyperplasia of the papilla?
of the skin, forming a small projection. See verruca.
w., anatomical, w., postmortem. See tubercle, ana-
tomical, w., Peruvian. See verruca peruana, w.,
venereal, condyloma acuminatum.

Warthin's sign. Accentuation of the pulmonary
sound in acute pericarditis.

warty. Resembling a wart; covered with warts.
w. smallpox, hornpox, a name given to those cases
of smallpox in which the eruption does not develop
beyond the papular stage, w. tubercle. See verruca
necrogenica. w. ulcer. See Marjolin's ulcer.

wash. See lotion, w., black, ,lotio hydrargyri
nigra; mild mercuric chloride in water and lime-
water, w., eye, collyrium. w., yellow, lotio hydrar-
gyri flava, mercuric chloride in lime-water.

washerwoman's itch. Eczema of the hands.

washing soda. Sodium carbonate, Na2CC>3.

washleather-skin. A condition of the skin in
which certain metals, especially silver, mark it with
a black line.

Wasmann's glands. The peptic glands.

Wassermann's syphilis test (vas'-er-mahn) [August
Wassermann, German bacteriologist, 1866- ].
1. Complement. One to 10 dilution of fresh guinea-
pig serum in normal (.85 %) salt solution. 2. Anti-
gen. Alcoholic extract of a syphilitic organ or
suspension of an organ in weak carbolic acid solution
(1 %) — amount determined by standardization.
3. Amboceptor. Inactivated serum of rabbit which
has been highly immunized against sheep red-cell
by five or six injections of increasing amounts of
sheep red-cells. The amboceptor is standardized
by putting in each of a series of test-tubes 1 Cc.
of complement and 1 Cc. of 5 % emulsion of sheep
red-cells. Different amounts of the inactivated
rabbit serum are added to the tubes, beginning with
0.01 Cc. to 0.1 Cc. The tubes are then incubated
one hour. That in which complete hemolysis occurs
contains just enough amboceptor to dissolve 1 Cc. of
5 % emulsion of sheep red-cells. Double this quan-
tity is the amboceptor to be used. Suspected serum
to be examined is drawn from a superficial vein with
a glass syringe under strict aseptic precautions,
5 to 10 Cc. of blood being desirable, but 1 to 2 Cc.
suffices. Clear in a centrifuge, then inactivate by
heat for thirty minutes at 56° C. Will keep in ice-
box for weeks. Test. — Put 1 Cc. of complement,
2 drops of suspected serum, about 0.1 Cc. of antigen
in test-tube and incubate one hour at 37 ° C. Then
add the amount of amboceptor, determined by stand-
ardization, and 1 Cc. of 5 % emulsion of sheep's
red-cells suspended in normal salt solution and incu-
bate again for one hour. Then place in ice-box for
six hours. Complete hemolysis is indicated by a clear,
burgundy-red solution, showing no precipitate. No
hemolysis, by a solid opaque sediment of the un-
affected sheep cells at the bottom of the tube, while
the supernatant fluid is clear and colorless. Result:
Hemolysis, no syphilis; syphilis, no hemolysis. The
control test is the same except that the antigen is
omitted.

waster (wast'-er). 1. A child suffering from
marasmus. 2. An animal affected with tuberculosis.

wasting palsy. See progressive muscular atrophy.

watchmaker's cramp. 1. An occupation neurosis,
characterized by painful cramps of the muscles of
the hands. 2. Also spasm of the orbicularis palpe-
brarum muscle, due to holding the lens.

water (waw'-ter). 1. Hydrogen monoxide, H2O.
Boils at 2120 F. (ioo° C), and freezes at 320 F.
(o° C). See ammonia-aqua, chlorine-water, etc. 2.
Euphemism for urine, w.-bag, a rubber bag contain-
ing hot or cold water for topical application, w.-bed.
See bed, water-, w.-borne, produced by contaminated
drinking-water, w. on the brain, hydrocephalus, w.-
brash. See pyrosis, w.-cancer, noma, w.-canker,
noma, w.-cress, the plant Nasturtium officinale, w. of
crystallization, the water contained in certain crystals,
to which their crystalline structure is due. w.-cure.
See hydrotherapeutics. w.-dressing, treatment of
ulcers or wounds by the topical application of water.
w.-glass, a solution of sodium or potassium silicate.
w.-hammer pulse. See Corrigan's pulse, w., hard,

water containing soluble calcium salts and not
readily forming a lather with soap. w. of hydration.
Same as w. of crystallization, w., Javelle, a solution
of potassium hypochlorite, KCIO. w., mineral, a
natural water containing mineral substances in
solution, w. of Pagliari, a preparation employed in
France as a hemostatic, consisting of crystallized
alum, 15 gr.; gum benzoin, 75 gr.j distilled water,
3 oz. w.-pox, chicken pox. w.-whistling, a metallic
rale heard in pneumothorax.

water-gurgle test. The swallowing of water
causes a gurgling sound heard on auscultation, in
cases of stricture of the esophagus.

waters. The liquor amnii. bag of w., the am-
nion, w., false, a discharge of fluid before labor.

watery eye. Epiphora.

watt (wot) [James Watt, Scotch engineer, 1736-
1819]. See volt-ampere.

wattmeter. An instrument for measuring elec-
trical power or activity in watts.

wave (wav) [AS., wafian, to waver in mind]. 1. A
movement in a body which is propagated with a
continuous motion, each particle of the body vibrat-
ing through a fixed path, usually a closed curve.
2. One of the curves in a series of curves representing
a wave-like motion, w.-length, the distance be-
tween corresponding points, usually the crests, of
two adjacent waves, w., tidal, in the sphygmogram,
the wave succeeding the percussion wave, and due to
the volume of blood poured out from the heart reach-
ing the arteries.

wavy respiration. Cog-wheel respiration, a type
of breathing in which inspiration or expiration is
jerky and interrupted. »

wax (waks). See cera.

waxing (waks'-ing) [ME., waxen, to increase].
Increasing in size, w.-kernels, enlarged inguinal and
submaxillary lymph-glands in children.

waxy cast (waks'-e). A tube-cast composed of
amyloid or similar material, w. degeneration, amyl-
oid degeneration, w. kidney, w. liver, amyloid
kidney or liver.

weak. Not strong, w. ankle, a condition in
which there is an abnormal relaxation of the liga-
ments of the ankle-joint, with such weakness of the
leg-muscles as may allow the foot to bend involun-
tarily, either inward or outward, in the act of standing
or walking. It is common in feeble children, w.-
minded, having a feeble intellect, w. sight, asthen-
opia.

weaken. To reduce the strength,

weakness. Loss of strength, w., inward, leukor-
rhea.

wean (wen). To cease to give suck to offspring
at a period when the latter is capable of taking
substantial food from external sources.

weaning-brash. Severe infantile diarrhea due to
weaning.

weasand (we'-zand). The trachea.

weavers' bottom. A chronic inflammation of
the bursa over the tuberosity of the ischium, due to
pressure.

web. A woven fabric; a membrane-like structure;
tela. The thin, soft tissue between any two adjacent
fingers or toes, distal to the knuckles, w. of the
brain, the bindweb, or neuroglia, w., choroid, the
velum interpositum. w.-eye. See pterygium, w.-
eyed, affected with pterygium, w.-fingered, having
the fingers united by web-like tissue, w.-foot, a
foot whose toes are webbed, w.-footed, having web-
feet, w.-footedness, web-foot, w.-toed, web-footed.

webbed fingers, w. toes. Union of adjacent
fingers or toes by a thin band of tissue, w. penis.
See penis palmatus.

weber (web'-er) [Wilhelm Weber, German physicist,
1804-1891]. 1. Same as coulomb. 2. Same as
ampere.

Weber's glands (va'-ber) [Ernst Heinrich Weber,
German anatomist, 1795-1878]. Racemose glands
situated in the posterior portion of the tongue and
opening by several orifices on its border. W.'s law,
the increase of stimulus necessary to produce the
smallest perceptible change in a sensation is propor-
tionate to the strength of the stimulus already acting.
W.'s orbicular zone, that portion of the iliofemoral
ligament which forms a loop around the neck of the
femur. W.'s organ, W.'s vesicle, the sinus pocularis
of the male urethra. W.'s paradox, a muscle when
so loaded as to be unable to contract may elongate.
W.'s pouch, the prostatic vesicle. W.'s suture, a

WEBSTER'S CONDENSER

947

WEIGHT

fine groove or suture on the inner surface of the
nasal process of the superior maxilla. W.'s symptom,
W.'s syndrome, paralysis of the motor oculi nerve on
the side of the lesion and of the facial and hypoglossal
nerves and extremities on the opposite side; it corre-
sponds anatomically to a lesion in the pedunculo-
pontine or upper pontine region. W.'s test [Fried-
rich Eugen Weber, German otologist, 1832-1891].

1. When a vibrating tuning-fork is placed upon the
vertex or the middle of the forehead, the sound is
perceived equally by both ears. If it is heard only
in one ear, a lesion exists in this. 2. For sensation:
Determination of the smallest distance at which
the two points of a pair of compasses, applied simul-
taneously and lightly to the skin, can be recognized
as two separate objects. W.'s test for indican in
urine, heat to boiling 30 Cc. of the urine with an equal
volume of hydrochloric acid and 1 to 3 drops of dilute
nitric acid; when cold, shake the solution with
ether. The ether will assume a red or violet color
with a blue foam on it.

Webster's condenser. In microscopy, an apparatus
consisting of two lenses, used for intensifying the
light thrown on the object. W.'s (Lady) pill, a pill
of aloes and mastic.

wedge (wej). An instrument used by dentists to
separate adjoining teeth, w.-bone, an ossicle some-
times found at a vertebral joint.

Wedl's vesicular cells. Commonly found in the
crystalline lens in cases of cataract, especially the
senile and diabetic varieties.

weed. 1. Milk fever. 2. Lymphangitis in legs
of a horse.

Weeks' bacillus. Koch-Weeks bacillus of acute
conjunctivitis.

weeping. 1. Lacrymation. 2. Exudation or leak-
age of a fluid. Exuding; applied to raw or excoriated
surfaces bathed with a moist discharge, w. eczema,
moist eczema. < w. sinew. See ganglion (2).

Wegner's disease of bone (veg'-ner) [Fridericus
Rudolphus Georgius Wegner, German pathologist,
1843- ]. Epiphyseal osteochondritis affecting
infants with hereditary syphilis. W.'s line, an
angular line separating the epiphyses and diaphysis
of the long bones, in certain diseased condition of the
fetus, such as syphilis. W.'s sign, in fetal syphilis
the dividing-line between the epiphysis and diaphysis
of long bones, which under normal conditions is
delicate and rectilinear, appears as a broad, irregular,
yellowish line.

Weichselbaum's coccus (vikh'-sel-bowm) [Anton
Weichselbautn, Austrian pathologist, 1845- ].
The Diplocococcus intracellular is meningitidis.

Weidel's reaction (vi'-del). 1. for xanthin bodies.
Evaporate to dryness on the water-bath a little
of the substance dissolved in fresh chlorine-water
containing nitric acid. Treat the residue to ammonia
vapors under a bell- jar, and a red or violet coloration
will be produced in the presence of xanthin bodies.

2. for uric acid. See murexide test.

Weigert's fibrin-stain (vi'-gert) [Karl Weigert,
German pathologist, 1843-1905]. A stain for fibrin,
consisting in the application of a solution of gentian-
violet, then one of iodine in potassium iodide, fol-
lowed by one of anilin oil and xylol. Fibrin is stained
blue. W.'s law, loss of elements or parts in organic
structures is likely to be followed by overcompensa-
tion in the reparative process. W.'s method. 1. A
method of staining the myelin of nerve-fibers with
hematoxylin. 2. A method of staining the neuroglia
according to a modified Weigert's fibrin-method,
after the tissue has been fixed in formalin, subjected to
a mordant of copper acetate, acetic acid, and chrome-
alum, and a reducing agent composed of potassium
permanganate and a solution of sodium sulphite
containing a chromogen derived from naphthalin.

weight (wat). The force with which bodies tend
to approach the earth's center, w., atomic. See
atomic weight, w.s and measures, the U. S. standard
unit of weight is the troy pound; the standard unit of

TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

TROY WEIGHT.

1 pound = 22.816 cubic inches of distilled water at

620 F.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
1 pound = 1. 2 1 53 pounds troy.
Grains. Drams. Ounces. Pound.

gr. 27.34375 = dr. 1

437-5 = 16 = oz. 1

7000 = 256 = 16 = lb. 1

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.
Grains. Scruples. Drams. Troy Ounces. Pound.

gr. 20 = 1

60 = 3 = 5 1
480 = 24 = 8 = 5 1

5760 = 288 = 96 = 12 = lb. 1

APOTHECARIES' MEASURE.
Minims. Fluidrams. Fluidounces. Pints. Gallon.
itr 60 = f3 1

480 = 8 = f5 1

7,680 = 128 = 16 = O. 1

61,440 = 1024 == 128 = 8 = C. I

IMPERIAL MEASURE.
Minims. Fluidrams. Fluidounces. Pints. Gallon.
60 = 1

480 = 8=1

9,600 = 160 = 20 = 1
76,800 = 1280 = 160 = 8 = 1

LIQUID OR WINE MEASURE.

1 gill = 7.2187 cubic inches.
Hogs-
Gills. Pints. Quarts. Gallons, heads. Pipes. Tun.
4 = 1
8 = 2 = 1
32 = 8 - 4=1
2016 = 504 = 252 = 63 = 1
4032 = 1008 = 504 = 126 =2 = 1
8064 = 2016 = 1008 = 252 =4=2=1

DRY MEASURE.
1 gallon = 268.8 cubic inches.
Pints. Quarts. Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Quarter.
2 = 1
8 = 4=1
16 = 8=2=1
64= 32= 8= 4 = 1
512 = 256 = 64 = 32 = 8 = I

SOLID MEASURE.
Cubic Inches. Cubic Feet. Cubic Yard.
1,728 = 1 =

46,656 = 27 1

LINEAR MEASURE.

Fur-
Inches. Feet. Yards. Fathoms. Perches, longs. Mile.
12 = 1
36 = 3 = 1
72 = 6 = 2 = 1
198 = 16.5 = 5-5 = 2.75 = 1
7,920 = 660 = 220 =110 = 40 = 1
63.360 = 5280 = 1760 = 880 = 320 =8=1

SQUARE MEASURE.

Square

Yards. Perches. Roods. Acre.

Grains.

Dwt.

Ounce.

Pound.

24

480

5760

= 1
= 20
= 240

= 1
= 12

= 1

Square Square
Inches. Feet.

144 = 1

1,296 = 9 = 1

39.204 = 272.25 = 30.25 = 1

1,568,160 = 10,890 = 1210 = 40 = 1

6,272,640 = 43,560 = 4840 = 160 =4=1

METRIC WEIGHTS.
1 gram = 1 cubic centimeter of distilled water at
620 F.
Gram. Troy Gr. Avoir. Oz.

.001 = .01543
.01 = .15432
.1 = 1.54323
1. = 15.43235 = .03528
10. = = .3528

100. = = 3.52758

1,000. = = 35.2758

10,000. =

Milligram =
Centigram =
Decigram =
Gram =

Decagram =
Hectogram =
Kilogram =
Myriogram =
Quintal = 100,000.

Tonneau = 1,000,000.

WEIGHT

948

WEIGHT

COMPARATIVE VALUES OF APOTHECARIES'
AND METRIC LIQUID MEASURES.

COMPARATIVE VALUES OF METRIC LIQUID
AND APOTHECARIES' MEASURES.

<A

<o

<o

05

fc

<o

b

v>

fe

5i

fe

J?

§

8

s
a
0

.»$

s

^>1

8

3

-0 8

^3

a

?!

as
^1

o

O

&s

0

SI

O

I

0.06

25

1-54

I

30.00

21

621.00

2

0.12

30

1.90

2

59-20

22

650.00

3

0.18

35

2.l6

3

89.00

23

680.00

4

0.24

40

2.50

4

118.40

24

710.00

5

0.30

45

2.80

S

148.00

25

740.00

6

0.36

50

3.08

6

178.00

26

769.00

7

0.42

55

3-40

7

207.00

27

798.50

8

0.50

8

236.00

28

828.00

0

0.5.S

Fluid-

9

266.00

29

858.00

10

0.60

rams.

10

295.70

30

887.25

ii

0.68

1

3-75

II

325.25

31

917.00

12

0.74

it

4-65

12

355.00

32

946.00

13

0.80

ii

5-6o

13

385.00

48

1419.00

14

0.85

if

O.51

14

414.00

56

1655.00

15

0.92

2

7-50

IS

444.00

64

1892.00

16

1. 00

3

11.25

lb

473.11

72

2128.00

17

1. os

4

15.00

17

503.00

80

2365.00

18

1. 12

5

18.50

18

532.00

96

2839.00

19

1. 17

6

22.50

19

562.00

112

3312.00

20

1.25

7

26.00

20

591.50

128

3785.00

COMPARATIVE VALUES OF STANDARD AND
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH.

<J

■ *

8

8 JS

^8

•5

8

OS

-a

8

SI

-a

8

^1

12

30.48

6

15.24

55

1. 00

«

15.85

II

27.94

5

12.70

^

2. II

!

l6.92

10

25.40

4

10.16

\

3-17

19.05

9

22.86

3

7.62

6.35

21.15

8

20.32

2

5.08

4

8.46

22.19

7

17.78

I

2.54

2

12.70

ti

23.28

« *

>»

<0

<4

fe

8
8

1

*"8

8

§

°1

O-g

O

a

31

^8

1

a

■si

8

O

S

O

5

O

fc.

0

1000

33.81

400

13.53

25

6.76

4

64.8

900

30.43

300

10.14

10

2.71

3

48.6

800

27.05

200

6.76

9

2.43

2

32.4

700

23.67

100

3.38

8

2.16

1

16.23

600

20.29

75

2.53

7

1.89

O.09

I.46

Soo

16.90

50

1.69

6

1.62

O.07

1. 14

473

16.OO

30

I.OI

5

1-35

0.05

0.8l

COMPARATIVE VALUES OF AVOIRDUPOIS
AND METRIC WEIGHTS.

s

0 ^

to

0 5

ci

s

» s

<3

» S

«3

Q

^ a

$

rr< a

$

S

A

1.772

8

226.80

2

907.18

i

3-544

9

255.1s

2.2

1000.00

i

7.088

10

283.50

3

1360.78

*

14.175

11

311.84

4

1814.37

1

28.350

12

340.20

5

2267.96

2

56.700

13

368.54

6

2727.5s

3

85.050

14

396.90

7

3175.14

4

113.400

IS

425.25

8

3628.74

5

141.7SO

Avoir.

9

4082.33

6

170.100

Pounds.

10

4535.92

7

198.450

1

453.60

For Comparative Thermometry, see thermometers.

Milliliter

Centiliter

Deciliter

Liter

Decaliter

Hectoliter

Kiloliter

METRIC DRY AND LIQUID MEASURE
Liter. U. S. Cu. In. '
= .001 = .061

= 1,000.

Myrialiter = 10,000.

.61 =

= 6.1

= 61.02 =

= 610.16 =
U. S. Cu. Ft.
= 3.531 =

= 353-1

f Liquid
IDry
f Liquid
IDry
f Liquid
IDry
f Liquid
IDry
J Liquid
IDry
f Liquid
IDry
J Liquid
1 Dry

.00845
.0018
.0845
.018
.845
.18
1.057
.908
2.641
9.08
26.414
2.837
264.141
28.374

Liquid 2641.4
Dry 283.7

U.S.

gill.

pint.

gill.

pint.

gill.

pint.

quarts.

quart.

gallons.

quarts.

gallons.

bushels.

gallons.

bushels.

gallons.

bushels.

METRIC LINEAR MEASURE.

Millimeter*

Centimeter f

Decimeter

Meter

Decameter

Hectometer

Kilometer

Myriameter

U. S. Inches.
= -03937 =
= -3937 =
= 3-937
= 39.3685 -

Meter.
.001
•Pi
.1
I.

10. =

100. = =

1,000. = ==

10,000. = =

* Nearly 5V of an inch.

Feet.
.00328
.03280
.32807
3-2807
32.807
328.07
3,280.7
32,807.

Yards.

= .10936

= 1.0936

= 10.936

= 109.36
= 1,093.6
= 10,936.

t Full f of an inch.

Miles.

= .0621347
= .621347
= 6.213466

Sq. Centimeter

Sq. Decimeter

Centiare

Are

Hectare

Sq. Kilometer

Sq. Myriameter

Sq. Meter.

.0001
= .01

1.
100.
= 10,000.

METRIC SQUARE MEASURE.
U. S. Sq. In. Sq. Ft.

• 155
15. 5
1,549-88
154,988.

= .10763 =

10.763
= 1,076.3 =

= 107,630. =

.38607 Sq. Mile =

38.607 Sq. Miles =

Sq. Yds.

.01196
1. 196
1 19.6
11,959-

A ores.

.00025
.0247
2.47
247.
24,708.

WEIGHT 949 WEISMANN'S THEORY

TABLE FOR CONVERTING METRIC WEIGHTS INTO TROY WEIGHTS.

Exact

Crams.

Equivalents

in Grains.

O.OI

0.1543

0.02

0.3086

0.03

0.4630

0.04

0.6173

0.0s

0.7717

0.06

0.9260

0.07

1.0803

0.08

1-2347

0.09

1.3890

0.1

1. 543

0.2

3.086

0.3

4-630

0.4

6.173

0.5

7.716

0.6

9-259

0.7

IO.803

0.8

12.346

0.9

13.889

1.0

15.432

2.0

30.865

3-0

46.297

4.0

61.729

5.0

77-162

6.0

92.594

7.0

108.026

8.0

123.459

9.0

138.891

10. 0

154-323

11. 0

169.756

Approximate Equivalents in
Troy Weights.

Ounces.

Drams.

Scru-
ples.

Grains.

13
A

a

&

I

I*
If
I*

3

4t
6i
7f
9i
iof

I2|

14
155
1 of

6A

I7l

I2f

8
3i

14!
9!

Grams.

12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100. 0

Exact
Equivalents
in Grains.

185.188
200.621
216.053
231.485
246.918
262.350
277-782
293.215
308.647
324.079
339.512
354-944
370.376
385.809
401.241
416.673
432.106
447.538
462.970
478.403
493.835
617.294
694.456
771.617
925.941
1080.264
1234.588
1388.911
1543.235

Approximate Equivalents in
Troy Weights.

Ounces. Drams. Scru- Qrains.
pies.

3

3

1

3

1

3

2

4

4

1

4

1

4

2

5

5

1

5

1

5

2

6

6

1

6

2

6

2

7

7

1

7

2

7

2

2

3

1

4

2

7

1

2

4

1

7

51

3

o

16

III

6t%

2\

I7|

I3i
8f
4xV

I9i
5

iof
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3

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14*
9
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TABLE FOR CONVERTING TROY WEIGHTS INTO METRIC WEIGHTS.

*

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<o

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.

CO

CO

,.

<o

*

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8

s

8

s

s

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8

8

8

8

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a

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6

6

$

$

$

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6

6

$

$

$

&

0.00130

2

0.1296

18

1. 166

34

2.203

50

3-234

66

4.276

82

5.313

98

6.350

&

0.00202

3

0.1944

19

1.231

35

2.268

5i

3-304

67

4-341

83

5.378

99

6.414

&

0.00324

4

0.2592

20

1.296

36

2.332

52

3.369

68

4.406

84

5.442

100

6.479

&

0.00360

5

0.3240

21

1. 361

37

2.397

53

3-434

69

4.471

85

5.507

120

7.776

Vs

0.00405

6

0.3888

22

1.426

38

2.462

54

3-499

70

4-535

86

5-572

I50

9-719

T5

0.00432

7

0.4536

23

1.490

39

2.527

55

3-564

71

4.600

87

5-637

180

II.664

iV

0.00540

8

0.5184

24

1.555

40

2.592

56

3.628

72

4.665

88

5-702

200

12.958

1*1

0.00648

9

0.5832

25

1.620

41

2.656

57

3.693

73

4-730

89

5-766

48O

3LI03

ft

0.00810

10

0.6480

26

1.685

42

2.721

58

3.758

74

4-795

90

5.831

*500

32.396

*

0.01080

II

0.7130

27

1.749

43

2.786

59

3.823

75

4-859

91

5.896

600

38.875

1

0.01296

12

0.7776

28

1. 814

44

2.851

60

3.888

76

4.924

92

5.96i

700

45-354

i

0.01620

13

0.8424

29

1.869

45

2.916

61

3.952

77

4.989

93

6.026

800

51.833

3

0.02160

14

0.9072

30

1.944

46

2.980

62

4-017

78

5-054

94

6.090

900

58.313

£

0.03240

15

0.9720

31

2.009

47

3-045

63

4.082

79

5- 118

95

6.155

960

62.207

4

0.04860

16

1.037

32

2.073

48

3-HO

64

4.147

80

5.183

96

6.220

1000

64.792

1

0.0648

17

1. 102

33

2.138

49

3-175

65

4.211

81

5.248

97

6.285

liquid measure is the Winchester wine gallon, con-
taining 231 cubic inches. The imperial gallon,
adopted by Great Britain, contains 277.274 cubic
inches. The standard unit of the U. S. and British
linear measure is the yard. The actual standard of
length of the U. S. is a brass scale 82 inches long
in the U. S. Treasury Department. The yard is
between the twenty-seventh and the sixty-third
inch of this scale. See tables, pages 947 to 949.
w., equivalent, is the weight of an element which
can combine with a unit weight of hydrogen or other
univalent element, w., molecular. See molecular
weight, w., specific. Same as gravity, specific.

Weil's disease (vil) [Adolf Weil, German physician,
1848- ]. An infectious disease somewhat re-
sembling typhoid fever, accompanied by muscular
pain and grave disturbance of the digestive organs.
W.'s syndrome, unilateral hyperesthesia of the mus-
cles, nerve-trunks, and bones, sometimes seen in
cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Weiland's test. For the determination of binocu-
lar fixation: A vertical bar is interposed between the
eyes and the letters to be read.

Weill's sign (vil) [Edmond Weill, French physi-

cian]. Absence of chest expansion in the subclavicu-
lar region, noticed on the affected side in very severe
lobar pneumonia.

Weir Mitchell's disease, W. M.'s treatment.
See under Mitchell.

Weir's operation (wer) [Robert Fulton Weir,
New York surgeon, 1838- ]. See appendi-
costomy.

Weiss' reflex (vis) [Leopold Weiss, German
oculist, 1849- ]. A curvilinear reflex on the
nasal side of the optic disc, regarded as a prodromal
sign of myopia.

Weiss' sign (vis) [Nathan Weiss, German physi-
cian]. Contraction of the facial muscles upon light
percussion; it is noticed in tetany, neurasthenia,
hysteria, and exophthalmic goiter. Syn., facialis
phenomenon.

Weissmann's bundle (vis'-man). The aggregation
of striped muscular fibers of a neuromuscular spindle.

Weismann's theory of heredity (vis'-man) [August
Friedrich Leopold Weismann, German biologist,
1834- ]. The theory of continuity of the germ-
plasm, and the non-inheritance of acquired char-
acters.

WEITBRECHT'S CARTILAGE

950

WHIFF

Weitbrecht's cartilage (vit'-brekt) [Josias Weit-
brecht, German anatomist, 1702-1747]. A fibro-
cartilaginous lamella frequently found interposed
between the articular surfaces of the acromioclavicular
joint. W.'s foramen, one in the capsule of the shoul-
der-joint, through which the synovial membrane
communicates with the bursa lining the under
surface of the tendon of the subscapularis muscle.
W.'s ligament, a rounded, fibrous bundle, extending
from the outer portion of the coronoid process to
the inner border of the radius, above the bicipital
tuberosity. W.'s retinacula, flat bands lying on
the neck of the femur and formed by the deeper
fibers of the capsular ligament, which are reflected
upward along the neck to be attached nearer to the
head.

Welch's bacillus [William Henry Welch, American
pathologist, 1850- ]. Bacillus arogenes capsu-
litis.

Wells' facies [Sir Thomas Spencer Wells, English
gynecologist, 1818-1897]. The facies of ovarian

welt. See wheal.

Weltmerism (welt'-mer-izm) [Samuel A. Weltmer],
A method of treatment by suggestion.

wen. A sebaceous cyst.

Wender's test for glucose (ven'-der) [Neumann
Wender, Austrian chemist]. Make a solution of 1
part methylene-blue in 3000 parts of distilled water.
On rendering this solution alkaline with potassium
hydroxide and heating with a glucose solution it
becomes decolorized.

Wenzell's test (vent'-sel) [William Theodore
Wenzell, American physician, 1829- ]. A test
for strychnine. One part of potassium perman-
ganate in 2,000 of sulphuric acid is added to the
suspected fluid; a color reaction is given if strychnine
is present.

Wenz's method. A method of removing the pro-
teid from a fluid. Saturate the solutions with am-
monium sulphate, and all the proteids except pep-
tones will be precipitated, and may be filtered off.

Weppen's test. (1) For morphine: sugar, sulphuric
acid, and bromine are added to the suspected so-
lution; a red color indicates the presence of morphine.
(2) For veratrine: sugar and sulphuric acid are added
to the suspected solution; a blue or green or yellow
color indicates the presence of veratrine.

Werlhof s disease {verV-hof) [Paul Gottlieb Werl-
hof, a German physician, 1699-1767]. Purpura
hemorrhagica.

Wernekinck's commissure (ver'-ne-kink) [Fried-
rich Christian Wernekinck, German anatomist, 1798-
1835]- The decussating fibers of the middle cerebellar
peduncle.

Wernicke's aphasia (ver'-ne-keh) [Karl Wernicke,
German neufologist, 1848-1905]. Cortical sensory
phasia. W.'s area, same as W.'s triangle, q. v.
W.'s center, the auditory word-center in the posterior
third of the first temporosphenoid convolution. W.'s
convolution, the first temporosphenoid convolution.
W.'s disease, polioencephalitis acuta hemor-
rhagica; acute superior encephalitis. W.'s fibers.
See Gratiolet's optic radiation. W.'s field. See
W.'s triangle. W.'s fissure, a nearly vertical fis-
sure sometimes seen to divide the parietal and
temporal lobes from the occipital lobe. W.'s reac-
tion, W.'s sign, A reaction obtained in some cases
of hemianopia in which a pencil of light thrown on
the blind side of the retina gives rise to no movement
in the iris, but thrown upon the normal side, produces
contraction of the iris. It indicates that the lesion
producing the hemianopia is situated at or anterior
to the geniculate bodies. W.'s triangle, a triangular
area formed by the decussation, at various angles, of
the radiating fibers of Gratiolet with the fibers pro-
ceeding from the external geniculate body and pul-
vinar; it occupies the extreme posterior segment of
the capsula.

Wertheim's ointment (vert'-him) [Gustav Wert-
heim, Austrian physician, 1822-1888]. An ointment
used in treating chloasma. It consists of ammoni-
ated chloride of mercury and bismuth, each two
drams, and glycerin ointment one ounce.

Wertheim's operation {vert'-him) [Ernst Wertheim,
Austrian gynecologist, 1864- ]. A plastic oper-
ation for procidentia uteri, and cystocele.

Westbrook's operation. Cardicentesis.

Westphal's nucleus (vest'-fahl) [Karl Friedrich
Otto Westphal, German neurologist, 1833-1890].

The nucleus of origin of a part of the trochlear nerve-
fibers; it is situated posteriorly to the trochlear
nucleus proper. W.'s paradoxic contraction, tonic
contraction of the anterior muscles of the leg (es-
pecially the tibialis anticus) on passive flexion of the
foot; it is occasionally seen in multiple sclerosis, par-
alysis agitans, tabes, alcoholism, and hysteria. W.'s
sign, absence of the patellar reflex; it occurs in lesions
of the spinal cord at the level of the reflex center (e. g.t
tabes dorsalis, paretic dementia), neuritis, certain
cases of cerebellar disease, etc. W.'s zone, a zone in
the posterior column of the lumbar spinal cord, which
is bounded externally by the inner side of the pos-
terior horn, internally by an imaginary anteropos-
terior line drawn through the point at which the
posterior horn turns inward, and posteriorly by the
periphery of the cord. It contains the afferent fibers
concerned in the patellar reflex mechanism.

Westphal-Erb's sign. See Westphal's sign.

Westphal-Piltz's reflex [Alexander Karl Otto West-
phal, German neurologist, 1863- ; Alexander Piltz,
Austrian neurologist, 1871- ]. See Gifford's reflex.

wet. Not dry; moist, w. brain, an excessively
serous condition of the brain, w. cupping, cupping
combined with scarification, whereby some blood is
drawn, w.-dream, seminal emission during sleep,
generally accompanying an erotic dream, w. nurse,
a woman who suckles the child of another, w. pack,
a means of reducing temperature by wrapping a pa-
tient in a wet sheet and covering with dry blankets.
w. scald, eczema in sheep, w. tetter, weeping ec-
zema.

Wetzel's test for CO in blood [vet'-sel) (Georg
Wetzel, German physician, 187 1- ]. Add to the
blood 4 volumes of water and treat with 3 volumes of
a 1% tannic acid solution. In the presence of carbon
monoxide the blood becomes carmine red; normal
blood gradually becomes gray.

Weyl's reaction for creatinin (vil) [Theodor Weyl
German chemist, 1851- ]• Add to the creatinin
solution a few drops of a dilute solution of sodium
nitroprusside, and then, drop by drop, a few drops of
sodium hydroxide. A ruby-red coloration results,
quickly changing to yellow again.

wharl (hwarl) [A variety of whirl]. The uvular or
rattling utterance of the r. sound.

Wharton's duct (hwar'-tun) [Thomas Wharton,
English anatomist, 1610-1673]. The duct of the
submaxillary gland. W.'s jelly, the gelatinous em-
bryonic connective tissue of the umbilical cord.

wheal (hwel) [AS., hwele]. A whitish or pinkish
elevation, developing suddenly upon the skin, and
lasting usually but a short time. Wheals are pro-
duced by urticaria, the bites of insects, or the sting
of a nettle. Syn., pomphus; urtica. /W.-worm, the
acarus scabiei, or itch insect.

wheat Qiwet). See triticum.

wheatena Qiwet-e' -nah) . An artificial food said to
contain all the elements of the wheat-berry except
the husk. The starch granules have already been
ruptured by heat, and only a few moments' cooking
is necessary.

Wheatstone's bridge (hwet'-ston) [Charles Wheat-
stone, English physicist, 1802-1875], An instrument
for measuring electrical resistance.

Wheelhouse's operation (Jhw el' -house) [Claudius
Galen Wheelhouse, English surgeon, ]. A

perineal incision through the urethra for stricture;
external urethrotomy.

wheeze (hwez). To breathe hard; to breathe with
difficulty and with an audible whistling sound.

wheezing (Jiweez'-ing). The half -stertorous, sib-
ilant sound occasionally observed in the breathing of
persons affected with croup, asthma, or coryza.

whelk (hwelk). A protuberance upon the face, due
to alcoholism; acne rosacea; a pimple.

whetstone crystals. Peculiar crystals of xanthin
found in urine.

whettle-bones. The vertebrae.

whey (hwa). The liquid part of milk separating
from the curd, alum-w., whey separated by stirring
milk with a lump of alum; a popular remedy for sore
eyes, wine-whey, a whey prepared by adding Rhine
wine one part to hot milk four parts, and straining.
w.-cure, the administration of whey as a method of
treating certain diseases.

whiff (hwif) [origin obscure]. A puff of air. w.»
oral, a peculiar sound heard during expiration from
the open mouth, principally in cases of thoracic aneu-
rysm.

WHIP-WORM

951

WINDOW

whip-worm (hwip'-wurm) The Trichocephalus
dispar.

whirl (hwurl) [ME., whirlen, to whirl]. To revolve
rapidly, w.-bone. i. The head of the femur. 2.
The patella.

whiskey, whisky (hwis'-ke). See spiritus frumen-
ti. w.-nose. See acne rosacea.

whisper (hwis'-per). A low, soft, sibilant sound
produced by the passage of the breath through the
glottis without throwing the vocal cords into vibra-
tion.

whispered bronchophony. See bronchophony.

whispering pectoriloquy. See pectoriloquy, whis-
pering.

whistle. A sound produced by forcing the breath
through the contracted lips, w., Gallon's. See
Galton's whistle.

white (hwit) [AS., hwit]. 1. Having a color pro-
duced by reflection of all the rays of the spectrum;
opposed to black. 2. Any white substance, as white
of egg. w. arsenic, arsenic trioxide. w. cell, w.
corpuscle, the leukocyte, w. commissure, the an-
terior commissure of the spinal cord. w. gangrene,
gangrene with anemia of the tissues, w. lead, basic
lead carbonate, w. leg. g See Phlegmasia alba dolens.
w. leprosy, vitiligo, w. line, the linea alba. w. mat-
ter, the part of the brain and spinal cord consisting
of medullated nerve-fibers, and having a white color.
w. mustard, sinapis alba. See under mustard, w.,
pearl-, bismuth subnitrate. w., permanent, a com-
mercial name for barium sulphate, w. pneumonia.
See pneumonia, white, w. precipitate, hydrargy-
rum ammoniatum. See mercury, ammoniated. w.
softening, softening of nerve-substance in which the
affected area presents a whitish color, due to fatty
degeneration following anemia, w. substance of
Schwann, the myelin sheath of medullated nerve-
fibers, w. swelling. See swelling, white, w. vit-
riol, zinc sulphate.

White's disease. Keratosis follicularis.

White's operation [J. William White, American
surgeon, 1850- ]. Castration for cure of enlarged
prostate.

Whitehead's operation [Walter Whitehead, Eng-
lish surgeon, 1840-1913]. 1. Excision of the tongue,
through the mouth. 2. Excision of hemorrhoids, by
removal of a circular strip of mucous membrane
around the anus, including the tumors.

whites (hwltz). See leukorrhea.

whiting. Prepared chalk or white clay; purified
calcium carbonate.

whitlow (hwit' -16). See paronychia, w., melan-
otic, a form of melanotic sarcoma simulating whitlow
in appearance, w., painless. See Morvan's disease.

whoop (hoop). The inspiratory crow which pre-
cedes or occurs during a paroxysm in whooping-cough.

whooping-cough (hoo'-ping-kof). An infectious
disease characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the
air-passages and peculiar paroxysms of cough ending
in a loud whooping inspiration. It is most frequent
in children, and is probably due to a specific micro-
organism.

whorl (hworl). 1. A spiral turn, in general. 2.
The spiral turn of the external fibers of the heart
where they join the inner fibers.

Whytt's disease (hwit) [Robert Whytt, Scottish
physician, 1714-1766]. Hydrocephalus internus: a
collection of fluid in the cerebral ventricles.

Wichmann's asthma (vik'-mahn) [Johann Ernst
Wichmann, German physician, 1740-1802]. Laryn-
gismus stridulus. Kopp's asthma.

Wickersheimer's fluid (vik'-ers-hi-mer). A fluid
employed for the preservation of anatomical speci-
mens, consisting of arsenic trioxide, sodium chloride,
potassium sulphate, carbonate, and nitrate, dissolved
in a mixture of glycerol, methyl-alcohol, and water.

wicking (wik'-ing). Loosely twisted unspun cot-
ton or wool; it is employed in packing cavities.

Widal's reaction or test, (ve'-dal) [Fernand Widal,
French physician, 1862- ]. The addition of a few
drops of a recent culture of Bacillus typhi abdominalis
(Eberth) to the serum of a typhoid-fever patient
causes an agglutination and loss of movement of the
had'Hi.

Widmer's sign. The temperature in the right
axilla is higher than that in the left axilla; found in
appendicitis.

Wigger's ergotin. An alcoholic extract prepared
from ergot deprived of fixed oil by means of ether.
Wilde's cords [Sir William Robert Willis Wilde,

Irish surgeon, 1815-1876]. The transverse fibers of
the callosum. W.'s incision. See Wilde's operation.
W.'s luminous triangle. See Politzer's luminous
cone. W.'s operation. For mastoid or cerebral ab-
scess; the bone is exposed from the base to the apex of
the mastoid process, one-half inch behind the auricle,
and, if necessary, the bone is opened with a drill,
gouge, or trephine.

Wildermuth's ear (vil'-der-moot) [Hermann A.
Wildermuth, German neurologist, 1852- ]. A con-
genital deformity of the ear consisting in a promi-
nence of the anthelix.the helix being turned downward.

Wilkinson's disease. Paralysis agitans.

Wilks' disease [Sir Samuel Wilks, English phy-
sician, 1824-1911]. Chronic parenchymatous nephri-
tis. W.'s kidney, the large white kidney. W.'s
symptom-complex. See Erb's disease.

Willan's leprosy [Robert Willan, English physi-
cian, 1757-1812]. Psoriasis. W.'s lupus, lupus vul-
garis.

Willard's disease. See lupus vulgaris.

Williams' sign [Charles Williams, English physi-
cian. 1838-1889]. Diminished inspiratory expan-
sion on the left side in adherent pericardium. W.'s
tracheal sound, the peculiar resonance sometimes
found in the second intercostal space in cases of very
large pleural effusion. It is a dull tympanitic reso-
nance, becoming higher on opening the mouth, and
arising from the vibrations of air in a large bronchus
surrounded by compressed lung.

Williamson's blood-test for diabetes. Place in a
narrow test-tube 40 Cmm. of water and 20 Cmm. of
blood ; add 1 Cc. of an aqueous solution of methylene-
blue (l : 6000) and 40 Cmm. of solution of potassium
hydroxide. Place the tube in a water-pot, which is
kept boiling. From the blood of a diabetic patient
the blue color disappears in four minutes and becomes
yellow. In blood that is not diabetic the blue color
remains.

Willis' accessory nerve [Thomas Willis, English
anatomist, 1621-1675]. The spinal accessory nerve.
W.'s arteries, the anterior and posterior communi-
cating arteries of the brain. W., circle of, the arterial
anastomosis at the base of the brain, formed by the
anterior communicating artery between the anterior
cerebral arteries, the internal carotids and middle
and posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior
communicating arteries. W.'s cords. 1. Fibrous
trabecular stretching across the lower angle of the
superior longitudinal sinus. 2. See Wilde's cords.
W.'s disease, diabetes mellitus. W.'s glands, the
corpora albicantia. W.'s ophthalmic branch, the
ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve. W.'s
paracusis, increased hearing power in the presence of
a loud noise. W.'s valve. See valve of Vieussens.

WUlock's respiratory jacket (wil'-ok). A jacket
used in pulmonary emphysema.

willow (wil'-o) [AS., welig]. Salix, a genus of trees
of the order Salicacea, the bark and leaves of which
contain salicin. Salix alba and Salix nigra have been
used in spermatorrhea, neuralgia, and malaria.

Wilson's disease [William James Erasmus Wilson,
English dermatologist, 18097-1884]. General ex-
foliative dermatitis. W.'s lichen, lichen planus.
W.'s muscle, a nonconstant fasciculus of the compres-
sor urethrae which is attached to the body of the pubis
near the symphysis.

Wilson-Brocq's disease. See Wilson's disease.

Winckel's disease (ving'-kel) [Franz Karl Ludwig
Wilhelm von Winckel, German obstetrician, 1837-

]. An epidemic disease of children, characterized
by cyanosis, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria.

Winckler's bodies. Spherical masses seen in syph-
litic tissues.

Winckler's test for free HC1 in the gastric juice.
Mix a few drops of the filtered gastric juice in a por-
celain capsule with a few drops of a 5% alcoholic so-
lution of alphanaphthol to which 0.5 to 1% of glucose
has been added. On heating gently a bluish- violet
zone appears, which darkens rapidly.

windage (win'-daj). The compression of air said
to be produced by the passage of a bullet or other simi-
lar missile close to the body, and to give rise to an
injury called wind-contusion.

wind-contusion. Windage.

windlass, Spanish. A form of tourniquet consist-
ing of a handkerchief tied about a part and twisted
by means of a stick.

window (win' -do). 1. An aperture in a wall for the
admission of light and air. 2. A small aperture in a

WINDPIPE

952

WORREMBERG'S APPARATUS

bone. See fenestra, w. resection, submucous re-
section of part of nasal septum.

windpipe {wind' -pip) . See trachea.

wind-pox. Chickenpox.

wine {win) [L., vinum]. i. The fermented juice of
the grape. 2. A solution of a medicinal substance in
wine. Wines consist chiefly of water and alcohol,
the latter varying from 6 to 22% (from 10 to 14% in
the official wines). In addition they contain volatile
oil, enanthic ether, grape-sugar, traces of glycerol,
coloring-matter, tannic, malic, phosphoric, carbonic,
and acetic acids, potassium bitartrate, and calcium
tartrate. Wine is used as a beverage in most civilized
countries, and in medicine as a stimluant like alcohol,
w., red {vinum rubrum, U. S. P.), the fermented juice
of fresh colored grapes. The most important varie-
ties are claret, Bordeaux, and port, w., white {vi-
num album, U. S. P.), the fermented juice of grapes
freed from seeds, stems, and skins. The most im-
portant varieties are sherry {vinum xericum) , Madeira,
Catawba, etc.

wineglass. A measure holding nearly two fluid
ounces.

wine-press of Herophilus. See torcular.

Winiwarter's operation {vin'-e-var-ter) [Alexander
von Winiwarter, German surgeon, 1848- ]. Cho-
lecystenterostomy, in two stages. In the first the
gall-bladder is united to the upper portion of the
jejunum and the parts are fixed to the parietal per-
itoneum; in the second, after about five days, the
bowel is incised and a communication is established
between the latter and the gall-bladder.

wing. See ala. w. of Ingrassias, the alas of the
sphenoid.

wink. To open and close the eyelids quickly.

Winslow's foramen {wins'-lo) [Jacob Benignus
Winslow, Danish anatomist, 1669-1760]. An aper-
ture between the liver and stomach, bounded in
front by the portal vein, hepatic artery and duct,
behind, by the inferior vena cava, below by the he-
patic artery, and above, by the liver. It is forned by
folds of the peritoneum, and establishes communi-
cation between the greater and lesser cavities of the
peritoneum. W.'s ligament, the ligamentum posti-
cum Winslowii, the posterior ligament of the knee-
joint. W.'s pancreas, the lesser pancreas. W.'s
pouch, the gastrohepatic omentum. W.'s stars,
capillary whorls which form the beginning of the
vorticose veins of the choroid.

wintera, winter's bark {win'-ter-ah). The bark of
Drimys winter i; it is aromatic and tonic, used in
scurvy.

wintergreen. See gaultheria.

winter-itch. See pruritus hiemalis.

Winternitz's sound {vin'-ter-nitz) [Wilhelm Win-
ter nitz, Austrian physician, 1835- ]. A double cur-
rent catheter through which water may circulate,
and so heat or cold may be applied to urethra or
prostate.

Wintrich's change of pitch {vin'-trik) [Anton Win-
trich, German physician, 1812-1882]. The tym-
panitic sound of pneumothorax and of cavities com-
municating freely with a bronchus becomes higher in
pitch when the mouth is opened and lower when the
mouth is closed.

wiring. Securing by means of wire the fragments
of a broken bone.

Wirsung, canal or duct of {ver'-soong) [Johann
Georg Wirsung, Bavarian anatomist, -1643].

The excretory duct of the pancreas.

wiry {wi'-re). Resembling wire; tough and flex-
ible, w. pulse. See pulse.

wisdom-tooth. The last molar tooth, which is the
last of all the teeth to appear.

wismol. A proprietary dusting powder.

Wistar's pyramids. See Berlin, bones of.

witch-hazel. See hamamelis.

witherite {with'-ur-ite) [W. Withering, English phy-
sician, 1741-1799]- Native barium carbonate.

withers {with'-erz) . The ridge above the shoulders
of the horse, formed by the spinous processes of the
first eight or ten thoracic vertebrae.

Witz's test for HC1 in the contents of the stomach.
An aqueous solution of methyl-violet (strength 0.025
%) is first colored blue, then green, and finally de-
colorized by dilute inorganic acids.

Wladimiroff's operation {vla-de'-me-rof). Tarsec-
tomy; Mikulicz's operation. The heel portion of the
foot, consisting of the astragalus, os calcis, and the
soft parts covering them, is removed; the articular

surfaces of the tibia, fibula, cuboid, and scaphoid are
sawn off and the foot is brought into a straight line
with the leg.

Woehler's rings. See Meyer's rings.

Woelde's triangle {vel'-der). Politzer's luminous
cone.

Woelfier's operation {vel'-fler) [Anton Woelfler, Aus-
trian surgeon, 1850- ]. Gastroenterostomy.

Woillez's disease {vivah-la') [Eugene Joseph Woil-
lez, French physician, 1811-1882]. Acute pulmonary
congestion.

Wolff's law. Every change in the static relations
of a bone leads not only to a corresponding change of
internal structure, but also to a change of external
form and physiological function.

Wolff-Eisner reaction or test {vulf-lz'-ner) [Alfred
Wolff-Eisner, German physician]. Calmette's oph-
thalmo-reaction.

Wolffian body [Kaspar Friedrich Wolff, German
anatomist, 1733-1794]. The mesonephron, an organ
of embryonic life situated on each side of the vertebral
column and consisting of a series of convoluted tubes
opening into a lateral duct, which is connected with
the common cloaca of the alimentary and genito-
urinary tracts. It disappears toward the end of the
second month, leaving as a vestige the parovarium.
W. cyst, a cyst of the broad ligament of the uterus,
believed to be developed from vestiges of the Wolffian
body. W. duct, the mesonephric duct; an embryonic
duct of the mesonephron formed by longitudinal
fission of part of the segmental duct. In the male it
becomes the vas deferens; in the female it almost
entirely disappears. W. ridge, a protuberance from
which the W. body is developed. W. tubules, small
tubes joining the Wolffian duct at right angjes.

wolf-flaps. Whole skin-flaps without pedicles.

wolfram. Tungsten.

wolframate. Tungstate.

wolfsbane. Aconite.

womb {woom) [ME., woombe]. The uterus.

wood. The hard part of trees; the part within the
bark, w.-alcohol, methyl-alcohol, w., flour, saw-
dust; used in surgical dressings, w.-naphtha, same
as w.-alcohol. w.-oil. See gurjun balsam, w.-sor-
rel, Oxalis acetosella, a low, tender pubescent herb of
North America, Europe, Asia, and northern Africa.
It contains potassium binoxalate, which is sometimes
obtained from it and sold as salt of sorrel. It has
refrigerant and antiscorbutic qualities, w.-spirit,
methyl-alcohol, w.-sugar, xylose, w.-tar. See tar.
w.-vinegar, vinegar obtained by the dry distillation
of wood, w.-wool, prepared fibers of wood, used
mainly as a surgical dressing.

Woodbridge treatment [John Eliot Woodbridge,
American physician, 1845-1901]. Treatment of ty-
phoid fever by intestinal antisepsis and elimination.

wooden tongue. See actinomycosis.

wool-fat. See lanolin.

woolsorter's disease. Anthrax.

woorara {woo-rar'-ah). See cur or a.

word-blindness. See under aphasia.

word-deafness. See deafness, psychic.

working distance. In a microscope the distance
between the object and the objective.

worm {wurm). A member of the class Vermes, of
the division Invertebrata, especially one parasitic in
man or animals, w., bladder-, the Tcenia echino-
coccus. See tape-worm, dog. w., guinea-, w.,
medina-, the Filaria medinensis. See under filaria.
w., pin-, w., seat-, w., thread-. See oxyuris. w.,
whip-, the Trichocephalus dispar.

Wormian bone {wur'-me-an) [Olaus Worm, a Dan-
ish physician, 1588-1654]. Any one of the small
supernumerary bones found in the sutures of the skull.

Wormley's test [Theodore George Wormley, Ameri-
can chemist, 1826-1897]. A color reaction for alka-
loids, made by treating the suspected solution with
an alcoholic solution of picric acid, or with a dilute
iodine-potassium-iodide solution.

Worm-Mueller's test for sugar [Jacob Worm-Muel-
ler, Norwegian physician, 1834-1889]. A mixture of
a 1.5 to 2.5% solution of cupric sulphate and an alka-
line solution of Rochelle salt is added to the urine; on
boiling, a yellowish precipitate of copper suboxide is-
formed.

wormseed {wurm'-sed). 1. See chenopodium. 2.
See santonica.

wormwood. See absinthium.

Worremberg's apparatus. An apparatus for polar-
ization by reflection.

WORSTED TEST

953

WYMAN'S STRAP

worsted test. See Holmgren's test.

Woulfe's bottles [Peter Woulfe, English chemist,
1727-1803]. An apparatus consisting of a series of
two or three necked bottles connected by suitable
tubes and used for washing gases or saturating liquids
therewith.

wound (woond) [AS., wund]. A solution of con-
tinuity of an external or internal surface of the
body, w., contused, one produced by a blunt body.
w., incised, one caused by a cutting instrument, w.,
lacerated, one in which the tissues are torn, w.,
open, one having a free external opening, w., pene-
trating, one that pierces the walls of a cavity or enters
into an organ, w., poisoned, one in which septic
materials are introduced, w., punctured, one made
by a pointed instrument, w., subcutaneous, one
with a very small external opening in the skin.

wreath. In biology, applied to a stage in kary-
okinesis, as the mother -wreath, daughter-wreath.

Wreden's test (vra'-den) [Robert Robertovich
Wreden, Russian otologist, 1837-1893]. A test of
live-birth. It consists in the absence of gelatinous
matter from the middle ear; this is regarded as a
proof that the fetus was born alive and has breathed.

Wright's method [Sir Almroth Edward Wright,
English bacteriologist, 1861- ]. The opsonic
method. W.'s vaccine, antityphoid vaccine.

Wright's solution [James Homer Wright, American
pathologist, 1869- ]. Sodium citrate, 0.5; sodium
chloride, 3.0; distilled water, 100.

wrightine (ri'-ten), C24H40N2. An astringent and
anthelmintic alkaloid from conessi bark, Wrightia
zeylanica.

Wrisberg's ansa memorabilis {riz'-berg) [Heinrich
August Wrisberg, German anatomist, 1739-1808].
A loop formed by the right semilunar ganglion and
the anastomosis of the right pneumogastric and great
splanchnic nerves. W.'s cartilages, the cuneiform
cartilages, one on each side of the fold of membrane
stretching from the arytenoid cartilage to the epi-
glottis. W.'s ganglion. 1. A ganglion frequently
found in the superficial cardiac plexus at the point
of union of the lower cervical cardiac branch of the
left pneumogastric with the upper cardiac nerve of
the sympathetic of the left side. 2. Intumescentia
semilunaris. See ganglion, Gasserian. W.'s lingula,
the filaments connecting the sensory and motor roots

of the trigeminus. W.'s nerve. 1. A small branch
of the brachial plexus supplying the skin of the arm.
See cutaneous, lesser internal, under nerve. 2. A
small nerve arising from the medulla oblongata and
coursing between the facial and auditory nerves.
W.'s pars intermedia. See W.'s nerve (2).

wrist (rist) [AS.]. The part joining the forearm
and the hand. See carpus, w.-clonus. See reflex,
wrist, w.-drop, a paralysis of the extensor muscles
of the wrist and fingers causing a dropping of the
hand, w.-joint, the articulation between the fore-
arm and the hand ; the radio-carpal articulation.

writer's cramp. An occupation-neurosis occurring
in those who write a great deal, and characterized
by painful spasm of the fingers when an effort at
writing is made.

writing hand. A peculiar position assumed by the
hand in paralysis agitans.

wry-neck (ri'-nek). See torticollis.

Wunderlich's law or curve (voon'-der-lik) [Carl
Reinhold Wunderlich, German physician, 1815-1867].
The ascending oscillations of the temperature-curve
in typhoid fever.

Wundt's tetanus. A prolonged tetanic contraction
induced in a frog's muscle by injury or the passage
of a strong current.

wurali (woo-rah'-le). Same as curara.

Wurster's test for hydrogen dioxide. Paper sat-
urated with a solution of tetramethylparaphenylen-
diamine turns blue-violet with hydrogen dioxide. W.'s
test for tyrosine. 1. Treat a boiling aqueous solution
of tyrosin drop by drop with a 1 % acetic acid and a
sodium nitrite solution. A red coloration results.
2. Add some dry quinone to a hot aqueous solution of
tyrosine. A deep ruby-red coloration results, lasting
for 24 hours, and then changing to brown.

Wutzer's operation (vilt'-zer). An operation for
the radical cure of inguinal hernia.

Wyeth's operation [John Allan Wyeth, American
surgeon, 1845- ]. A method of bloodless amputa-
tion of the hip or shoulder; hemorrhage is controlled
by long pins and a strong elastic band or tube.

Wylie's operation [Walter Gill Wylie, American
gynecologist, 1848- ]. Intra-abdominal shortening
of the round ligaments of the uterus.

Wyman's strap. An arrangement of straps for
holding a violently insane person in bed.

X. Symbol for the decimal scale of potency or
dilution, used by the homeopaths.

xanol (zan'-ol). Trade name of a preparation of
sodium-caffeine salicylate.

xanthaematin. See xanthematin.

xanthaline (zan'-thal-en) [£av96s, yellow], C37H36N2-
O3. An alkaloid from opium; a white, crystalline
substance forming yellow salts.

xanthamide (zan'-tham-id), C3H7NSO4. A crys-
talline substance derived from xanthic acid.

xanthate (zan'-that) [£aud6s, yellow]. A salt of
xanthic acid.

xanthein (zan'-the-in) [£avd6s, yellow]. The yellow
coloring matter of plants; it is soluble in water, thus
differing from xanthin.

xanthelasma (zan-thel-az'-mah) £ai>96s, yellow;
eKaana, a metal plate]. See xanthoma.

xanthelasmoidea (zan-thel-az-mo-id'-e-ah) [xanthel-
asma; eldos, form]. Synonym of urticaria pigmentosa.

xanthematin xanthaematin (zan-them'-at-in) [%avd6s,
yellow; hematin]. A bitter yellow substance ob-
tained by dissolving hematin in dilutenitric acid.

xanthene (zan'-then) [£avd6s, yellow]. A yellow,
mixture obtained from persulphocyanic acid.

xanthic (zan'-thik) [xanthin]. 1. Yellow. 2. Per-
taining to xanthin. x. acid, an ester of thiosulpho-
carbonic acid; it is an unstable, colorless oil which
decomposes at 250 C. into carbon disulphide and al-
cohol, x. calculus, urinary calculus composed mainly
of xanthin. x. oxide, an ingredient of stony forma-
tions; xanthin.

xanthin (zan'-thin) [£av86s, yellow], C6H4N4O2. A
nonpoisonous leukomaine found in nearly all the tis-
sues and liquids of the animal economy, and also in
many plants; it occurs in minute quantities in urine,
also in guano. It is formed in the decomposition of
nuclein by dilute acids. According to Ross, it is an
auxetic in cancer. It is a colorless powder, almost
insoluble in cold water, but readily soluble in dilute
acids and alkalies, and acts as a muscle-stimulant,
especially to the heart. For tests see Hoppe-Seyler
and Weidel. x. bases, alloxuric bases.

xanthinoxidase (zan-thin-oks'-id-as) [xanthin; oxi-
dase]. An oxidizing ferment which converts xanthin
and hypoxanthin into uric acid.

xanthinuria (zan-thin-u'-re-ah) [xanthin; urine].
The presence of xanthin in excess in the urine.

Xanthium (zan'-the-um). Clotbur; a genus of
Composites.

xanthiuria (zan-the-u'-re-ah). See xanthinuria.

xantho- (zan-tho-) [£apd6s, yellow]. A prefix mean-
ing yellow.

xanthochroia (zan-tho-kro'-e-ah) [£avd6s, yellow;
xpoia, skin]. Yellow discoloration of the skin.

xanthochromia (zan-tho-kro'-me-ah) [xantho-; xp«-
na, a color]. 1. A yellowish discoloration of the skin.
2. The yellow hemorrhagic discoloration of the cere-
brospinal fluid, diagnostic of hemorrhage of the spinal
cord.

xanthochrous (zan-tho-kro'-us) [£(w06s, yellow;
xpoid, skin]. Yellow-skinned.

xanthocreatinine (zan-tho-kre-at'-in-in) [xantho- ;
creatinine], CbHioN^O. A leukomaine found in mus-
cle, crystallizing in yellow crystals and resembling
creatinine. It produces depression, somnolence,
fatigue, frequent defecation, and vomiting.

xanthocyanopia, xanthocyanopsia (zan-tho-si-an-o'-
pe-ah, zan-tho-si-an-op' -se-ah) [xantho-; nvavos, blue;
oi^ts, sight]. A defect of color-vision in which yellow
and blue are perceived, while red is imperceptible.

xanthocystin (zan-tho-sis'-tin) [£avd6s, yellow; kv<t-
t«, bladder]. A nitrogenous substance found in the
whitish tubercles in the mucosas and organs of a corpse.

xanthocyte (zan'-tho-stt) [xantho-; kOtos, a cell]. A
cell secreting a yellow pigment.

xanthoderma, xanthodermia (zan-tho-der'-mah, zan-
tho-der'-me-ah) [xantho-; dtpua, skin]. A yellow dis-
coloration of the skin.

xanthodont, xanthodontous (zan'-tho-dont, zan-tho-
don'-tus) [xantho- ; odovs, tooth]. Having yellow teeth.

xanthogen (zan'-tho-jen). Same as xanthein.

xanthogenic acid (zan-tho- j en' -ik). Same as xan-
thic acid.

xanthoglobulin (zan-tho-glob' -u-lin) [£av66s, yel-
low; globulin]. Same as hypoxanthin. A yellow
substance found in the liver and pancreas.

xanthokyanopy (zan-tho-ki-an'-o-pe) [£av66s, yel-
low; Kvavos, blue; &\f/, eye]. Red-green blindness,
with undiminished spectrum. See xanthocyanopsia.

xantholin (zan'-tho-lin). Same as santonica.

xanthoma (zan-tho' -mah) [xantho-; 5fia, tumor].
Xanthelasma; a newgrowth of the skin occurring as
flat or slightly raised patches or nodules from a pin-
head to a bean in size, and of a yellowish color. The
flat lesions (xanthoma planum) usually occur about
the eyelids; the elevated or tubercular variety (xan-
thoma tuberculatum ; xanthoma tuberosum) on the neck,
trunk, and extremities. Histologically the lesions
consist of connective tissue undergoing a partial fatty
degeneration, x. diabeticorum, a rare disease of the
skin associated with diabetes mellitus, the lesions of
which are denser and firmer than those of true xan-
thoma, and are dull red, discrete, and solid, with a
yellowish point at the apex. x. glycosuricum, that
marked by grape-sugar or pentose in the urine.
x. multiplex, a form occurring usually in women about
middle life. x. planum, x. palpebrarum, the com-
moner form of xanthoma, usually occurring on the
eyelids, x. tuberculatum, x. tuberosum, a form
marked by tubercular lesions on the extensor sur-
faces of the extremities and on parts exposed to pres-
sure.

xanthomatosis (zan-tho-mat-o'-sis) [£av6bs, yellow;
5/xa, tumor]. Xanthoma of so marked a type as to
indicate a special diathesis.

xanthomatous (zan-tho' -mat-us) [£av96s, yellow;
6fia, tumor]. Of the nature of, or affected with
xanthoma.

xanthomelanous (zan-tho-meV -an-us) [£av66s, yel-
low; fieAas, black]. Having yellow or olive skin and
black hair.

xanthone (zan'-thon). Same as brometone.

xanthopathy (zan-thop'-ath-e). See xanthoderma.

xanthophane (zan'-tho-fan) [xantho-; <j>aLveiv, to
show]. A yellow pigment found in the retinal cones.

xanthophose (zan'-tho-foz) [xantho-; <j>us, light]. A
yellow phose.

xanthophyll (zan'-tho-fil) [£av$6s, yellow; <f>v\\ot>,
'leaf]. The yellow pigment of plants, developed in
the leaves.

xanthopia (zan-tho' -pe-ah). Same as xanthopsia.

xanthopicrin (zan-tho-pik'-rin) [tavOtn, yellow;
Tnupbs, bitter]. A yellowish coloring matter, derived
from the bark of Xanthoxylum caribaum. Same as
berberine.

xanthoplasty (zan'-tho-plas-te) [£avBbs, yellow; irXAo--
aeiv, to form]. A plastic operation for xanthoderma.

xanthoproteic (zan-tho-pro-te'-ik) [xanthoprotein].
Derived from or related to xanthoprotein. x. acid,
C34H24O22N4, a non-crystallizable acid, producedby
decomposing proteins with nitric acid. x. reaction,
the deep-orange color obtained by the addition of
ammonia to proteids that have been heated with
strong nitric acid.

xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'-te-in) [xantho-; protein].
A yellowish substance formed from proteids by the
action of nitric acid.

xanthopsia (zan-thop' -se-ah) [xantho-; o^is, vision].
Yellow vision; the condition in which objects look
yellow. It sometimes accompanies jaundice.

xanthopsydracia (zan-thop-se-dra'-she-ah) [xan-
thos; ypi)Spa.%, a pimple}. The occurrence on the skin
of yellow pimples or pustules.

xanthopuccine (zan-tho-puk'-seen) [xanthos; puc-
coon]. An alkaloid found in hydrastis.

xanthorrhea, xanthorrhoea (zan-thor-e'-ah) [^avBbs,

XANTHORRHIZA

955

XYLOL

yellow; pkeiv, to flow]. An acrid, purulent, yellow
discharge from the vagina.

Xanthorrhiza (zan-tho-ri'-zah) [£ai>66s, yellow; pifa,
a .root]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants. X.
apiifolia, yellow root, a bitter tonic.

xanthosis (zan-tho'-sis) [Zavdos, yellow]. The yel-
low pigmentation sometimes observed in carcinoma
and degenerating tissues.

xanthous (zan'-thus) [£avd6s, yellow]. Having a
yellow skin or complexion.

xanthoxylene (zan-thok'-sil-en) [£cu>66s, yellow;
£v\oi>, wood]. C10H16. A colorless, volatile oil ob-
tained from the fruit of Xanthoxylum alatum.

xanthoxylin (zan-thok'-sil-in) [£ai>d6s, yellow; £U\ov,
wood]. 1. A precipitate from a tincture of Xanthoxy-
lum fraxineum, stimulant, styptic, tonic, sialagogue.
Dose 1-2 grains. 2. A stearopten from the volatile
oil of Xanthoxylum piperitum.

xanthoxylum (zan-thoks' -il-um) [xantho-; £v\ov,
wood]. Prickly ash, a genus of trees of the order
Rutacece. The dried bark of X. americanum or of
Fagara clava-her cults yields the xanthoxylum of the
U. S. P. ; it contains a crystalline principle, xanthoxy-
lin, and is irritant, stimulant, and slightly diapho-
retic. It is used in chronic rheumatism and as an
emmenagogue. Dose 30 grains (2.0 Gm.). x., fluid-
extract of (fluidextr actum xanthoxyli, U. S. P.). Dose
30 minims (2.0 Cc).

xanthuria (zan-ihu'-re-ah). See xanthinuria.

xanthylic (zan-thil'-ik) [xanthine; v\ij, matter].
Pertaining to xanthine.

xaxa (zak'-sah). Acetyl-salicylic acid.

xaxaquin (zaks'-ak-win). Trade name of a prep-
aration of acetyl salicylic acid, x.-bases. Alloxur

x-disease. A condition of general malaise, with
abnormal sensitiveness to cold, disturbances of diges-
tion, respiration and cardiac action; its origin is un-
known.

Xe. Chemical symbol of xenon.

xenarthral (zen-ar'-thral) [£ki>os, strange; apOpov,
joint]. Strangely jointed.

xenembole {zen-em'-bo-le) [£kvos, foreign; ep/3oXi7, a
throwing in]. Same as xenenthesis.

xenenthesis (zen-en' -thesis) [^kvos, foreign; lv, in;
0«ris, a placing]. The introduction of a foreign body
into the organism.

xeno- (zen-o-) [£kvos, strange]. A prefix meaning
strange or foreign.

'xenogenesis (zen-o-jen'-es-is) . See heter agenesis.

xenogenetic, xenogenic (zen-o-jen-et'-ik, zen-o-jen'-
ik) [£evos, strange; y&>vav, to produce]. Pertaining to
xenogenesis.

xenogenous (zen-oj'-en-us) [£efos, foreign; yewav, to
produce]. Caused by a foreign body.

xenogeny (zen-oj'-en-e) [twos, strange; ykvos, kind].
Same as xenogenesis.

xenomenia (zen-o-me' -ne-ah) [xeno-; n^viaia, men-
ses]. Vicarious menstruation.

xenon (zen'-on) [£b>os, strange]. A gaseous element
found in the atmosphere; atomic weight 130.2; sym-
bol Xe.

xenophthalmia (zen-of-thal'-me-ah) [xeno-; 64>6a\p.6s,
eye]. Conjunctivitis due to injury.

xenosite (zen'-o-sit) [xeno-; oItos, food]. A para-
site in an intermediate condition, organ, or host.

xeransis (ze-ran'-sis) [frhpavats, a drying up]. The
drying up or desiccation of a part or of a drug.

xerantic (ze-ran'-tik) [see xeransis]. Having des-
iccative properties; drying.

xeraphion (ze-raf'-e-on) [fapm, dry]. 1. A medicine
to check discharges. 2. A medicine to be taken
dry.

xerasia (zer-a'-ze-ah) f^pos, dry]. A disease of the
hair marked by cessation of growth and excessive
dryness.

xerium (ze'-re-um). See xeraphion.

xero- (zer-o-) [£»?p6s, dry]. A prefix meaning dry.

xerocollyrium (zer-o-kol-ir'-e-um) [xero-; KoWovpiop,
collyrium]. A dry collyrium; an eye-salve.

xeroderma, xerodermia (zer-o-der'-mah, zer-o-der'-
me-ah) [xero-; Seppa, skin]. 1. An abnormal dryness
of the skin. 2. A disease characterized by dryness
and harshness of the skin, discoloration, and a fine
scaly desquamation; by some it is considered a mild
form of ichthyosis, x. pigmentosum, a rare disease of
the skin usually beginning in childhood, and char-
acterized by disseminated pigment-spots, telangiec-
tasis, atrophy of muscles, and contraction of the skin,
generally followed by the development of ulcers, and

ending in death. Syn., angioma pigmentosum atrophi-
cum; atrophoderma pigmentosum; Kaposi's disease;
melanosis lenticularis progressiva.

xeroform (zer'-o-form). Tribromphenol-bismuth:
an odorless, neutral powder containing 49-5% of bis-
muth oxide and 50% of tribromphenol. It is an
internal antiseptic, and is recommended as a specific
against Asiatic cholera. Dose 7? gr. (0.5 Gm.).

xeroma (zer-o' -mah). See xerophthalmia.

xeromycteria (zer-o-mik-te'-re-ah) [xero- ; hvktvp, the
nose]. Lack of moisture in the nasal passages.

xeronosus (zer-on'-o-sus) [xero-; vbaos, disease]. A
condition of dryness of the skin.

xerophagia (ze-ro-faj'-e-ah) [xero-; <j>ayelv, to eat].
The use of dry or desiccated food.

xerophagy (ze-rof-aj-e). See xerophagia.

xerophthalmia (zer-of-thal'-me-ah) [xero-; ixf>9a\p.os,
eye]. A dry and thickened condition of the conjunc-
tiva, sometimes following chronic conjunctivitis or
disease of the lacrimal apparatus.

xerosis (zer-o' -sis) [^pos, dry]. A state of dryness,
especially of the skin (see xeroderma) or of the con-
junctiva (see xerophthalmia), x. epithelialis, x.
infantilis, x. triangularis, xerophthalmia marked by a
lusterless, grayish-white, foamy, greasy, very per-
sistent deposit on the conjunctiva.

xerostomia (zer-o-sto'-me-ah) [xero-; o-ropa, mouth].
Dry mouth, a peculiar condition characterized by
suppression of the secretion of the salivary and buccal
glands.

xerotes (zer-o'-tez) [£^6x77$, dryness]. Dryness; a
dry habit of the body.

xerotic (zer-ot'-ik). Characterized by xerosis; dry.

xerotripsis (zer-o-trip'-sis) [xero-; rpL0eiv, to rub].
Dry friction.

xinol (zi'-nol). See zinol.

xiphi-, xipho- (zif-i-, zif-o-) [£i<t>os, sword]. Prefixes
signifying relating to the xiphoid cartilage.

xiphicostal. See xiphocostal.

xiphisternum (zif-is-ter'-num) [xiphi-; sternum].
The xiphoid cartilage.

xiphocostal (zif-o-kos' -tal) [xipho-; costa, a rib].
Pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage and to the ribs.
x. ligament, a ligament extending from the xiphoid
cartilage to the cartilage of the eighth rib.

xiphodymus (zif-od'-im-us) [xipho-; 5i5vnot, double].
A double monster with united pelvic and thoracic
cavities, two legs, and occasionally with a rudimen-
tary third leg.

xiphodynia (zif-o-din'-e-ah) [xipho-; dSvvrj, pain].
Pain in the ensiform cartilage.

xiphoid (zif'-oid) [£i<£os. sword; elSos, like]. Sword-
shaped; ensiform. x. appendix, x. cartilage, x. proc-
ess, the third piece, or ensiform process, of the ster-
num; it becomes osseous in mature age.

xiphopagus (zif-op'-ag-us) [xipho-; vaym, fixed].
A double monster united by the xiphoid cartilages.

x-knee. Knock-knee.

x-leg. Genu valgum.

x-ogram. Skiagram, radiogram.

x-ograph. Skiagraph, radiograph.

x-ray photography. Synonym of skiagraphy.

x-rays. See rays. Roentgen-.

xylem (zi'-lem) [£v\ov, wood]. The inner part of
the vascular bundle in a plant stem.

xylene (zi'-len). See xylol.

xylenin, xylenobacillin (zi'-len-in, zi-len-o-bas'-il-
in). See zylenin.

xylenol (zi'-len-ol). A colorless, crystalline sub-
stance resembling phenol. It occurs in three isomeric
forms (ortho-, meta-, and paraxylenol).

xylidene (zi'-lid-en) [£v\ov wood]. CgHg.NHz. A
methylated homologue of anilin; used for the prepa-
ration of pigments.

xylo- (zi-lo-) [ZyXov, wood]. A prefix meaning per-
taining to or derived from wood.

xylobalsamum (zi-lo-bol' sam-um) [xylon; balsam].
Balm of Gilead.

xylochloral (zi-lo-klo'-ral) . A crystalline compound
of xylose and chloral, prepared by heating with hydro-
chloric acid; used as a hypnotic.

xylogene (zi'-lo-jen) [kvKov, wood; yewav, to pro-
duce]. A woody substance found in vegetable cell-
walls.

xyloidin (zi-loi'-din) [xylo-; tlSos, like], C6H9NO7.
A white, inflammable substance obtained by the ac-
tion of nitric acid upon starch or various forms of
woody fiber.

xylol (zi'-lol) [xylo-; oleum, oil], CgHio. Dimethyl-

XYLOMA 956 XYSTER

benzene, a volatile hydrocarbon used in microscopy A bitter glucoside obtained from the berries of Loni-
as a clearing-agent and as a solvent for Canada bal- cera xylosteum. It is purgative and emetic,
sam. It has been used in small-pox. Dose 3 to 10 xylostyptic ether (zi-lo-slip'-tik). Styptic col-
minims, lodion.

xyloma {zi-W -main) \%\J\ov, wood; -o/za, tumor]. A xylotherapy (zi-lo-ther'-a-pe) [i-v\ov, wood; depairtia,

woody tumor found on trees or plants. therapy]. Medical treatment by the application of

xylon (zi'-lon) . [£i>Xoj\ wood]. 1. Wood. 2. The certain woods,

cotton plant. 3. A substance identical with wood- xyol (zi'-ol). Trade name of a preparation of

cellulose. green soap and formaldehyde.

xylonite (zi'-lon-lt) [£v\ov, wood]. Celluloid. xysma (ziz'-mdh) [£v<rna, scrapings]. The floccu-

xylose (zi'-los) [£v\ov, wood], C5H10O5. A glucose lent pseudomembrane sometimes seen in the stools

obtained by boiling wood gum (beechwood, jute, in diarrhea,

etc.) with dilute acids. xyster (zis'-ter) [tvarvp, a rasp]. A surgeon's raspa-

xylostein {zi-los'-te-in) [£vKov, wood; oarkov, bone], tory or scraping instrument.

Yaba bark. The bark of Andira excelsa.

yabine (yab'-en). An amorphous bitter alkaloid
obtained from the bark of Andira excelsa.

YakimofF s test (yah'-kem-off). For atoxyl: a little
atoxyl is warmed in a test-tube; the faintest trace of a
yellow discoloration denotes impurity.

yam. The esculent root of several varieties of
Dioscorea; also, incorrectly, a coarse variety of the
sweet potato, wild y. See dioscorea.

y.-angle. The angle between the radius fixus and
■a line joining the lambda and the inion.

yaourt (yowrt) [Turk.]. An oriental fermented
drink prepared from milk.

yard. i. A measure used in the United States and
in England, equal to three feet. 2. The penis.

yard-sitting, in massage, sitting with the arms
stretched out laterally and horizontally.

yarrow (ya'-ro). See Achillea.

yava-skin (yah'-vah-skin). Same as elephantiasis,
q. V.

yawey. Affected with yaws.

yawn [AS., ganian, to yawn]. To gape, to open
the mouth widely.

yawning (yaw'-ning). An involuntary stretching
of the muscles accompanied by a deep inspiration,
occurring during the drowsy state preceding the onset
of sleep.

yaw-root. Stillingia.

yaws (yawz). See frambesia.

Yb. The chemical symbol of ytterbium.

Y.-cartilage. The cartilage occupying the tri-
radiate fissure in the immature socket of the hip-
joint.

yeast (yest) [AS., gist]. The name applied to vari-
ous species of Saccharomyces. Yeast acts as a fer-
ment, producing the alcoholic fermentation, y.,
beer-, y., brewer's, the cerevisice fermentum of the B.
P., produced by Saccharomyces cerevisice. It is used
as a stimulant and locally as a poultice and deodorant
to gangrenous ulcers, y. -poultice (cataplasma fer-
menti, B. P.), a poultice containing yeast.

yelk. See yolk.

yellow (yel'-o) [AS., geolo]. Of a color like that of
gold; producing such a color, y. fever, an acute in-
fectious disease of tropical and subtropical regions of
America, and due to a specific organism, probably a
protozoon, disseminated by the Stegomyia fasciata.
After a period of incubation varying from a few hours
to several days the disease begins with a chill and
pain in the head, back, and limbs. The temperature
rises rapidly to from 1030 to 105° F., vomiting occurs,
the bowels are constipated, the urine scanty and al-
buminous. A remission follows, after which, in
severe cases, the temperature rises to its original
height, jaundice develops, and the vomited material
becomes dark from the presence of blood {black vomit).
Hemorrhages may occur from the intestinal mucous
membrane. The disease is very fatal, death occur-
ring in the typhoid state or from uremia, y.-jack.
Same as yellow fever, y. precipitate, yellow oxide of
mercury. y.-root. See hydrastis. y.-softening.
Cerebral softening with yellow discoloration, y.
spot, the macula lutea. y. wash. See wash, yellow.

yerba (yer'-bah). An herb. y. sagrada, Lantana
braziliensis; it is antipyretic, y. santa. See erio-
dictyon.

yerbine (yer'-ben) [Sp., yerba, herb]. An alka-
loid resembling caffeine, derived from Ilex paraguay-
ensis.

Yersin Roux serum (yer-san') [Alexandre Yersin,

French surgeon, 1863- ]. A prophylactic and cura-
tive serum used in the treatment of plague.

-yl [v\ri, matter, stuff]. A termination used in
chemistry to denote a radical.

-ylene. A termination used in chemistry to denote
a bivalent hydrocarbon radical.

Y ligament. The iliofemoral ligament.

yohimbe bark (yo-him'-ba). The bark of Cory-
nanthe yohimbe, a tree of the Cameroon region.

yohimbine (yo-him'-ben). A mixture of alkaloids
from the bark of Corynanthe yohimbe, used as an
aphrodisiac. Dose of the hydrochloride ^^j— ^ gr.
(0.0032-0.01 Gm.) 3 times daily; and as a local anes-
thetic in 1% solution.

yoke-bone. The malar bone.

yolk (yok). 1. The nutritive part of an ovum. 2.
The yellow portion of an egg as distinguished from
the white, y.-cells or y.-granules, the elements
composing the yolk, y.-food. See deutoplasm. y.,
formative, the active living portion of the proto-
plasm of aa ovum, with the nucleus it incloses, y.-
sac, the larger of the two globes formed by the blas-
todermic membrane in the early development of the
embryo, and containing the food of the embryo, y.-
stalk, the umbilical duct. y. of wool, suint.

Young-Helmholtz theory of color-vision [Thomas
Young, English physicist, 1773-1829; Hermann Lud-
wig Ferdinand Helmholtz, German physicist, 1821-
1894]. Color-vision depends upon the presence in the
retina of three different sets of fibers, which respond
to stimulation by a sensation of red, green, or violet
respectively. All other colors are simply combina-
tions of the three primary colors. The excitation of
any one set is a matter of wave-length. The longest
waves excite the red, the shortest the violet, and those
of intermediate length the green fibers.

Young's rule [Thomas Young, English physicist,
1773-1829]. A rule of dosage in children. The
dose is obtained by adding 12 to the age and dividing
the result by the age, and making the quotient the
denominator of a fraction the numerator of which is 1.
The fraction represents the proportion of the adult
dose to be given to the child.

youth (iith). The period between childhood and
maturity.

Ys. Abbreviation for the yellow spot of the retina.

Yt. Chemical symbol of yttrium.

ytterbium iit-tur'-be-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A
rare metal, having the symbol Yb, and atomic weight
172.

yttria {it'-re-ah). Yttrium oxide.

yttrium (it'-re-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A rare
metallic element. Symbol Yt, atomic weight 89.

Yucca (yuk'-ah) [Am. Ind.]. A genus of liliaceous
plants. Y. filamentosa, Adam's needle, of the south-
ern United States, is diuretic; its tincture is employed
in urethritis.

Yvon's coefficient (e-vorn(g)) [Paul Yvon, French
physician]. The ratio existing between the amount
of urea and the phosphates in the urine, represented
by|. Y'stest. 1. For acetanilide in urine : extract with
chloroform and then heat the residue with mercurous
nitrate; a green color denotes the presence of acetani-
lide. 2. For alkaloids: add a mixture of bismuth
subnitrate, potassium iodide, hydrochloric acid, and
water, to the suspected solution; a red color denotes
the presence of an alkaloid.

Yzquierdo's bacillus (ez-ke-ar'-do) [Vincente Yz-
quierdo, histologist in Santiago, Chile]. A bacillus
which is supposed to be the cause of Verruga peruana,
or Carrion's disease.

zacatilla (zak-ah-teeV-yah). The best quality of
cochineal.

Zaglas' ligament {tsah-glah'). The portion of the
posterior sacroiliac ligament that extends from the
posterior superior spinous process of the ilium down-
ward to the side of the sacrum. Z.'s perpendicular
external muscle, the vertical fibers of the tongue,
which, decussating with the transverse fibers and the
insertions of the geniohyoglossus, curve outward in
each half of the tongue.

Zahn's ribs. The whitish, transverse markings
often formed on the surface of a thrombus by the
extremities of the columns of blood-platelets and
leukocytes.

zakavaska. The name given in Russia to the
grains used as a ferment to produce kephir or kumiss.

(von) Zaleski's hepatin. See ferratin, Schmiede-
berg's. Z.'s test for CO in the blood, add to 2 Cc. of
the blood to be tested an equal volume of water and
three drops of a one-third saturated copper sulphate
solution. In the presence of carbon monoxide a
brick-red precipitate is obtained, while normal blood
gives a greenish-brown precipitate.

Zambesi ulcer (zam-be'-ze) [Zambesi, river in
East Africa]. An ulcer occurring on the foot or
leg, found only in laborers near the Zambesi river,
and supposed to be due to a spirillum.

zanaloin (zan-al'-o-in) [Zanzibar; aloin]. The
aloin derived from Zanzibar aloes ; said to be the same
as socaloin.

Zander's system (Jtsan'-der) [Jonas Gustaf Zander,
Swedish physician, 1835- ]. Passive movement
by means of special apparatus.

Zang's space [Christoph Bonifacius Zang, Ger-
man surgeon, 1772-1835]. The space between the
two tendons of origin of the sternomastoid in the
supraclavicular fossa.

zanol (zan'-ol). Trade name of a preparation con-
taining sodium-caffeine salicylate; it-is said to be a
diuretic and to have vasomotor properties.

zanzolin (zanf-zo-lin). A proprietary mixture of
pyrethrum flowers, Chrysanthemum coronopifolium,
and valerian root, Valeriana officinalis, used to com-
bat mosquitoes.

Zappert's chamber or cell (tsap'-pert) [Julius Zap-
pert, Austrian physician, 1867- ]. A chamber for
counting blood corpuscles, like Thoma's cell.

zarathan (tsar-ath'-an). Scirrhous hardening of
the breast.

zea ize'-ah) [fea, a sort of grain]. A genus of
grasses. The fresh styles and stigmas of Z. mays,
maize, Indian corn, constitute the zea of the U. S. P.
It has been used as a diuretic in cystitis, gonorrhea,
and cardiac dropsy.

zean (ze'-an) [zea]. A highly concentrated fluid
extract of corn-silk; a diuretic and urinary antiseptic.

zedoary (zed'-o-a-re). The rhizome of several spe-
cies of Curcuma. It resembles ginger, but is less
agreeable and is seldom used in medicine.

zein (tse'-in) [zea]. A yellowish, soft, insipid pro-
tein obtained from maize.

Zeisel's test for colchicine (Jtsi'-zel). Dissolve the
suspected substance in hydrochloric acid, then boil
with ferric chloride, and shake with chloroform;
a brown or dark red precipitate indicates the presence
of colchicine.

zeism {tse'-ism) [zea]. Pellagra.

zeismus (ze-iz'-mus) [zea]. Pellagra (believed by
some to be due to a diet of maize).

Zeiss' glands (tsis). See Zeissian glands.

Zeissian glands. The sebaceous glands of the eye-
lashes. Z. sty, hordeolum externum; a sty produced
by suppuration of one of the Zeissian glands.

Zeller's test for melanin in urine. Treat the
urine with bromine water, and in the presence of
melanin a yellow precipitate is formed which gradually
changes to black.

Zellner's test-paper. Prepare by applying the

coloring-matter employed as indicator, say fluorescein
in solution, upon an underground, for which a
neutral black coloring-matter is used. The fluores-
cein shows the minutest traces of alkali by a greenish
color.

zelotypia (ze-lo-tip'-e-ah) [f^Xop, zeal; Tvirreiv, to
strike]. Morbid or monomaniacal zeal in any
pursuit.

zematol (zem'-at-ol). A proprietary ointment said
to contain oil of betula, zinc oxide and ichthyol.

zematone (zem'-at-on). A proprietary remedy for
asthma said to consist of extractives of Datura
stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, each, 8 parts;
Grindelia robusta, 15 parts; Solanum nigrum, 4 parts;
Atropa belladonna, 6 parts; white agaric, 5 parts;
poppy capsules, 5 parts; and potassium nitrate, 22
parts.

Zenker's crystals (zeng'-ker) [Friedrich Albert
Zenker, German pathologist, 1825-1898]. See Char-
cot's crystals. Z.'s degeneration, Z.'s disease of
muscles, waxy or hyaline degeneration of muscles-
occurring in acute infectious diseases, especially in
typhoid fever. Z.'s paralysis, paresis and disturbance
of sensation in the lower extremities, the external
popliteal nerve being most involved ; it is caused by
frequent and prolonged kneeling or squatting.
Z.'s solution, a fixing agent, containing mercuric
chloride 5t potassium bichromate 2.5, sodium sul-
phate 1, and water 100.

Zenkerism {zeng'-ker -ism) [see Zenker's degenera-
tion]. The condition of Zenker's degeneration.

zeoscope (ze'-o-skop) [{eeiv, to boil; VKoirelv, to
view]. An apparatus for determining the alcoholic
strength of a liquid by means of its boiling-point.

zero (ze'-ro). 1. Any character denoting absence
of quantity. 2. The point from which thermometers
are graduated.

zerumbet (ze-rum'-bet) [E. Ind.]. An E. Indian
drug or spice, by some asserted to be the same as
cassimuniar; probably the rhizome of Zingiber
zerumbet. It iesembles ginger; little used.

zestocausis (zes-to-kaw'-sis) [f«<rr6s, boiling; icav<ru,
a burning]. Cauterization with an instrument
heated by steam; atmocausis.

zestocautery (zes-to-kaw'-ter-e). A double-chan-
neled intrauterine catheter, the outer unfenestrated
tube of which is heated by steam and acts as a cautery.

zibet (zib'-et). A variety of civet produced by
Viverra zibetha, an animal of South and East Asia.
It was formerly used as a substitute for musk.

Ziehl-Neelsen method {tseV-nel'-sen) [Franz
Ziehl, German bacteriologist; Friedrich Carl Adolf
Neelsen, German pathologist, 1854-1804]. A method
of staining tubercle bacilli with Ziehl's solution.

Ziehl's solution (tsel) [Franz Ziehl, German
bacteriologist]. A fluid employed to stain (lepra
and) tubercle bacilli. It consists of a 5 % aqueous
solution of phenol, with one-tenth its volume of a
saturated alcoholic solution of fuchsin. Heat the
specimen in this for three minutes, and the entire
specimen will be stained red. Decolorize with 20 or
30 % of nitric acid, and the tubercle bacilli alone
will retain the stain.

Ziemssen's motor points (tsem'-sen) [Hugo yon
Ziemssen, German physician, 1829-1902]. Points
of election in electrization of muscles; they corre-
spond to the places s of entrance of the motor nerves
into the muscles.

zimb (zim) [Ar. zimb, a fly]. A gadfly of the
genus Pangonia, found in East Africa; it bites man
and beast and is believed to transmit disease.

Zimmerlin's type of progressive muscular atrophy
(tsim'-mer-lin) [Franz Zimmerlin, Swiss physician].
The scapulohumeral type, distinguished from Erb's
type by the absence of secondary lipomatosis.

Zimmermann's corpuscles, or granules (tsim'-mer-
man) TKarl Wilhelm Zimmermann. German histolo-
gist, 1 86 1- ]. See Bizzozero's blood-platelets.

ZIMMERMAN'S DECOCTION

959

ZOISM

z,immermann's decoction. A decoction made of
rhubarb 30 grains, potassium bitartrate 4 drams,
barley 4 drams, and water 16 ounces; it is sweetened
with syrup and used as a cathartic.

zimphen (zim'-fen). Sodium metaoxycyanocin-
namate; used as a gastro-intestinal stimulant and
tonic in 5 to 10 grain doses (0.33-0.66).

zinc, zincum. A bluish-white metal (zincum, U.
S. P.) having a specific gravity of 7.12, an atomic
weight of 65.37. and a valence of 2. Symbol, Zn.
In nature it occurs in two principal forms, as a sul-
phide, called blende, and as a carbonate and silicate,
termed calamine. When melted and poured into
water it becomes granular (zincum granulatum, B.
P.). Zinc is used to prepare zinc sulphate and zinc
chloride, and for generating hydrogen. The com-
pounds of zinc are poisonous, and the slow ingestion
of it produces a chronic intoxication resembling,
but less severe than, that produced by lead. z.
acetate (zinci acetas, U. S. P., B. P.), Zn(C2Hs02)2.-
2H2O, is used locally in ophthalmia and gonorrhea
in solutions of from 1-2 gr. to the oz. (0.065-0.13
Gm. to 30 Cc.) of water, z. bromide (zinci bromi-
dum, U. S. P.), ZnBr2, has been used in epilepsy.
Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). z., butter of. See
zinc chloride, z. carbolate, a white, antiseptic
powder, slightly soluble in water or alcohol; used as
a surgical dusting-powder, z. carbonate, precipi-
tated (zinci carbonas prcecipitatus, U. S. P.; zinci
carbonas, B. P.) is used generally in the form of
prepared calamine, as a dusting-powder on excoriated
surfaces, or in the form of a cerate, z. chloride
(zinci chloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), ZnCl2, is used
chiefly as an escharotic in carcinoma and spreading
ulcers, as an injection in gonorrhea, and as an astrin-
gent in conjunctivitis. It is also employed as a
disinfectant and for preserving anatomical prepara-
tions, z. chloride, solution of (liquor zinci chloridi,
U. S. P., B. P.), used as disinfectant and preservative.
Burnett's disinfecting fluid is a solution of zinc
chloride, z., flowers of, zinc oxide, z. iodide
(zinci iodidum, U. S. P.), Znb, has been used in
chorea, scrofula, and hysteria, and locally as an
astringent, like the chloride. Dose |-2 gr. (0.032-
0.13 Gm.). z. oxide {zinci oxidum, U. S. P., B. P.),
ZnO, is an amorphous white powder, and is used
internally in chorea, epilepsy, whooping-cough,
and gastrointestinal catarrh; locally, as a desiccant
to excoriated surfaces, in the form of powder or
ointment. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.). z. oxide,
ointment of (unguentum zinci oxidi, U. S. P. ; unguen-
tum zinci, B. P.), an ointment composed of zinc
oxide and benzoinated lard. z. permanganate,
Zn(Mn04)2+6H20, used in aqueous solution (1 : 4000)
as injection in gonorrhea and in 1 : 1000 or 2 : 1000
solution as eye-lotion. It is incompatible with all
combustible or easily oxidizable substances, z.
phenolsulphonate (zinci phenolsulphonas, U. S. P.),
Zn(C6H504S)2+8H20, used as an antiseptic and
astringent. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). z. stearate
(zinci stearas, U. S. P.), a very fine white powder,
tasteless, and having a slight odor, resembling that
of fat. z. sulphate (zinci sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.),
ZnS04+7H20, white vitriol, is tonic, astringent,
and emetic. It is used in gastric catarrh, as an
emetic, and locally in ophthalmia, gonorrhea, leukor-
rhea, and as a caustic in cases of ulcer, condyloma, etc.
In overdoses it is a gastrointestinal irritant. Dose
£-£ gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.); as an emetic, 10-30 gr.
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). z. valerate (zinci valeras, U. S. P.)'
Zn(C5H302)2 . 2H2O, is used in neuralgia, epilepsy,
hysteria, and diabetes insipidus. Dose 1-2 gr.
(0.065-0.13 Gm.). z.-white, zinc oxide.
zinci (zin'-ki). Genitive of zincum.
zincoid (zin'-koid) [zincum; eldos, form]. 1. Re-
sembling zinc. 2. The positive plate in a battery.
zincum (zin'-kum). See zinc.

zingiber (zin'-jib-er) [{iyyL0epis, ginger]. Ginger,
a genus of plants of the Zingiber acece. The rhizome
of Z. officinale is the zingiber of the U. S. P. ; it con-
tains a volatile oil, and is used as a stimulant and
carminative in dyspepsia, flatulence, and intestinal
atony; externally it is rubefacient. Dose 10-20 gr.
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). zingiberis, fluidextractum (U. S.
P.), fluidextract of ginger. Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-
1.3 Cc). zingiberis, oleoresina (U. S. P.), oleoresin
of ginger. Dose £ grain (0.030 Gm.). zingiberis,
syrupus (U. S. P., B. P.), syrup of ginger. Dose
4 dr. (16 Cc). zingiberis, tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.),
tincture of ginger. Dose 30 minims (2 Cc). Ginger

also enters into the composition of pulvis aromaticus
(U. S. P.), pulvis cinnamomi compositus (B. P.),
pulvis rhei compositus (U. S. P., B. P.), and fluid-
extractum aromaticum (U. S. P.).

zingiberin (zin-jib'-er-in). The oleoresin of ginger.

Zinn's artery (tsin) [Johan Gottfried Zinn, German
anatomist, 1727-1759]. The central artery of the
retina. Z.'s circle, the plexus formed by small
branches of the ciliary arteries within the fibrous
layer of the sclera at the entrance of the optic nerve.
Z.'s ligament. See Z.'s ring. Z.'s membrane, the
anterior layer of the iris. Z.'s ring, Z.'s tendon,
the -circular fibrous sheath formed by the common
tendon of the internal, external, and inferior rectus
muscles. Z.'s zonula, Z.'s zonule, zonula ciliaris,
the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens.
It is a thin, transparent membrane covering the
ciliary processes and extending to the anterior
capsule. A portion lies above the processes in folds,
that covering the process being smooth.

zinol (zi'-nol). A mixture of zinc acetate and
aluminol; used in solution in gonorrhea.

Zionist (zi'-on-ist). A follower of the faith-healer,
Dowie.

zirconia (zir-ko'-ne-ah). Zirconium oxide, ZrC>2.

zirconium (zir-ko'-ne-um) [Pers. zargun, gold-
colored]. A metallic element (symbol Zr; atomic
weight 90.6), resembling titanium and silicon, and
soluble in aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid. It is
obtained from a mineral called zircon.

Zittmann's decoction (tsit'-man) [Johann Friedrich
Zittmann, German physician, 1671-1757]- A drink
used in old, obstinate cases of syphilis. It consists of
sarsaparilla, 12^ oz.; water, 325 troy oz.; alum and
sugar, each, 6 dr.; anise and fennel, each, 4 dr.;
senna, 3 oz.; licorice root, \\ oz.

Zn. The chemical symbol for zinc.

zoamylin (zo-am'-il-in) [fwi7, life; amylum, starch].
Glycogen.

zoanthropy (zo-an'-thro-pe) [{wov, animal; avdpojiros,
a man]. A form of insanity in which the person
imagines himself transformed into or inhabited by
an animal.

zoarium (zo-ar'-e-um) [faapiov, dim. of £uov, an
animal: pi., zoaria]. In biology, the composite
structure formed by repeated gemination in the
Polyzoa.

zodiophilous (zo-de-off'-il-us) [ZuSiov, dim. of {wov,
animal; <pt\eli>, to love]. In biology applied to
plants which are frequented by animals and pollinated
by their agency.

Zoellner's lines (tsel'-ner) [Johann Karl Friedrich
Zoellner, German physicist, 1834-1882]. A device

Zoellner's Lines.

to illustrate false estimates of direction or paral-
lelism by intersecting lines crossing parallel lines at a
certain angle.

zoescope (zo-e-skop) . See stroboscope.

zoetic (zo-et'-ik) [fwifr, life]. Vital, pertaining to
life.

zoetrope (zo'-e-trop) [fwi7, life; rpkireiv, to turn].
A stroboscope.

zoiatria (zo-e-a'-ire-ah) [%u>ov, animal; larpos, physi-
cian or surgeon]. The art and science of veterinary
surgery.

zoiatrics (zo-i-at'-riks). See zoiatria.

zoic (zo'-ik) [fwtKos, of animals]. In biology, of or
pertaining to living organisms; relating especially
to animal life.

zoism (zo'-izm) [fo^, life]. The doctrine or theory

ZOMAKYNE

960

ZOOPSYCHOLOGY

that life is the manifestation of the operations of a
peculiar vital principle; the doctrine of vital force.

zomakyne (zo'-mak-in). A proprietary anti-
pyretic substance.

zomol (zo'-mol) [f«/*6s, meat-juice]. The plasma
of raw beef. Evaporated to dryness it is used as a
concentrated food. Dose 150 gr. (10 Gm.) daily.

zomotherapy (zo-mo-ther'-ap-e) [fw/uos, meat-juice;
depairda, therapy]. Treatment of tuberculosis by
means of a raw meat diet; the meat, finely hashed or
scraped, is given in daily doses of 6 oz. (200 Gm.)
with soup, etc.

zona (zo'-nah) [L.]. 1. A belt or girdle. 2. .See
herpes zoster, z. arcuata, the inner zone of the
basilar membrane, extending from the lower edge
of the spiral groove of the cochlea to the external
edge of the base of the outer rods of Corti. z. carti-
laginea, the limbus of the spiral lamina, z. ciliaris,
the ciliary processes collectively, z. denticulata,
the inner zone of the basilar membrane, together with
the limbus of the spiral lamina, z. fasciculata, the
central portion of the cortex of the suprarenal capsule,
composed of tube-like transverse bands, z. glomer-
ulosa, a part of the cortical portion of the supra-
renal capsule, having a net-like appearance on section,
situated near the surface of the organ, z. incerta,
the anterior portion of the reticular formation under
the optic thalamus, z. ophthalmica, herpes zoster
along the course of the ophthalmic division of the
fifth nerve, z. orbicularis, a thickening of the
capsular ligament around the acetabulum, z. peo
tinata, the outer portion of the basilar membrane,
extending from the rods of Corti to the spiral liga-
ment, z. pellucida, the thick, solid, elastic envelope
of the ovum, corresponding to the cell-wall of a cell.
Syn., vitelline membrane. z. perforata, the lower
edge of the spiral groove of the cochlea, z. tecta,
the inner poition of the basilar membrane, bearing
the organ of Corti. z. terminalis. See terma.

zonal (zo'-nal) [zona, zone]. Pertaining to a zone,
or to the disease called zona or to a girdle or to a
band-like structure.

zonary (zo'-nar-e) [zona, zone]. Characterized by,
or pertaining to a zone. z. placenta, a placenta
which occupies a broad band around the chorion;
found in carnivora.

zonate {zo'-nat) [zona]. Marked with concentric
bands.

zone (zon). See zona, z., cornuradicular, the
external part of Burdach's column, abutting on the
middle third of the internal border of the posterior
horn, and representing approximately the posterior
root-zone, z., entry, the parts along the posterior
horns of gray matter of the spinal cord where the
posterior roots enter the cord, z., hypnogenous, an
area or tract, pressure upon which induces sleep.
z., hysterogenous, a region, as the ovarian or sub-
mammary region, where pressure in hysterical women
calls forth an hysterical attack, z., neogenic, the sub-
capsular layer of the kidney, so-called because it is
the one in which the most active processes are going
on. z., radiary, a layer in the cortical gray matter
of the brain characterized by radiating nerve-fibers.
z., sclerotic, a condition occurring in iritis, marked
by a ring of anastomoses of deep conjunctival vessels
around the periphery of -the cornea, which perforate
the sclerotic and anastomose with those of the iris
and choroid, z. supra-radiary, the layer of cortex
immediately above the radiary zone.

zonesthesia, zoneesthesia {zon-es-lhe'-ze-ah). See
girdle-pain.

zonular (zon'-u-lar) [zonule]. Pertaining to or in
the shape of a zone or band. z. cataract, a cataract
forming alternate layers.

zonule (zon'-ul) [zonula, a little zone]. A small
band. z. of Zinn. See Zinn's zonula, z. ciliaris.
See Zinn's zonula.

zonulitis (zon-u-W -lis) . Inflammation of Zinn's
zonule.

zoo- (zo-o-) [£<bov, an animal]. A prefix meaning
animal or pertaining to an animal.

zooamilin izo-o-am' -il-in) [zoo-; amylum, starch].
Glycogen, amyloid.

zooamylon (zo-o-am'-il-on) [zoo-; amylum, starch].
The. ternary substance allied to starch and glycogen
found in the cytoplasm of certain sporozoa.

zoobiology (zo-o-bi-ol'-o-je) [zoo-; biology]. Animal
biology.

zoobiotism {zo-o-W -ot-izm) [faxw, animal; /Stos,
life]. Same as biotics.

zooblast (zo'-o-blast) [£&ov, animal; /3X<xo-t6s, germ].
An animal cell.

zobchemia, zoochemistry (zo-o-ke'-me-ah, zo-o-
kem'-is-tre) [zoo-; xvneia, chemistry]. The chemistry
of animal life and tissues.

zoocyst {zo'-o-sist) [zoo-; kvvtis, cell]. A variety
of encysted rhizopods resembling a sporocyst,
except in the thickness and number of the protective
layers.

zoocytium (zo-o-sit'-e-um) [zoo-; kvtos, cavity].
The gelatinous matrix secreted by certain infusoria..

zoodermic (zo-o-der'-mik). Pertaining to or taken
from the skin of some animal other than man; applied
to a form of skin-grafting.

zoodynamics \zo-o-di-nam' -iks) [zoo-; 6wa/wsr
power]. Animal physiology.

zoogamete (zo-o-gam'-et) [£u>oi>, animal; yaturri,
a wife]. In biology, a gamete or sexual spore en-
dowed with the power of locomotion.

zoogamy (zo-og'-am-e) [£<bov, animal; yap.os, mar-
riage]. In biology, the sexual generation of animals;:
copulation, conjugation, mating.

zoogenesis (zo-o-jen'-es-is) [zoo-; yevva.v, to beget].
The generation of animal forms.

zoogenous (zo-oj'-en-us) [see zoogenesis]. De-
veloped or derived from animals.

zooglea, zooglcea (zo-og'-le-ah) [zoo-; 7X0165, a sticky
substance]. A stage in the life-history of certain,
bacteria in which they lie embedded in a gelatinous
matrix.

zoogonia (zo-o-gon'-e-ah) [t&ov, animal; ywvri, gen-
eration]. Viviparous generation.

zoograft {zo'-o-graft) [zoo-; graft], A graft of tissue
derived from an animal. v

zoografting (zo'-o-graft-ing) [see zoograft]. Grafting
with tissue taken from the lower animals.

zoography {zo-og'-ra-fe) [£uov, animal; ypaxfreiv, to
write]. A descriptive treatise on the distribution
of animals.

zooid (zo'-oid) [Ja>oi>, animal; tlSos, form]. 1. Ani-
mal-like, resembling an animal. 2. A zoophyte.
3. An animal cell which can exist or move inde-
pendently.

zoolak (zoo'-lak) . A commercial name for matzoon.

zoolite, zoolith {zo'-ol-lt, -ith) [fwcn>, animal; \Ldos,
stone]. A fossil animal, or any part of it.

zoology (zo-ol'-o-je) [zoo-; X670S, a treatise]. That
branch of biology treating of the form, nature, and
classification of animals.

zoomagnetism (zo-o-mag' -net-izm) . Animal mag-
netism.

zoometry (zo-om'-et-re) [S&ov, animal; p-erpov,
measure]. The measurement of the proportionate
lengths or sizes of the parts of animals.

zoonite (zo'-on-ite) [$u>ov, animal]. In biology,
one of the segments or somites, metameres, or arthro-
meres of which an articulate animal is composed.

zoonomia, zoonomy (zo-o-no'-me-ah, zo-on'-o-me)
[zoo-; vofios, law]. The principles or laws of animal
life; zoobiology.

zooparasite (zo-o-par'-as-U) [zoo-; parasite]. An
animal parasite.

zoopathology (zo-o-path-ol'-o-je) [zoo-; pathology].
The science of the diseases of animals.

zoopery (zo-op'-er-e) [fwcw, an animal; ireipatLP,
to experiment]. Experimentation upon animals.

zoophagous (zo-of'-ag-us) [zoo-; <pa.yelv, to eat].
Subsisting on animal food.

zoopharmacology (zo-o-far-ma-kol'-o-je) [$<hov, ani-
mal; pharmacology]. Veterinary pharmacology.

zoophilism {zo-of -il-izm) [$5>ov, animal; <pi\elv, to
love]. The love of animals; it is usually inmoderate,
and toward certain animals, illustrated in the fanati-
cism of antivivisection.

zoophobia (zo-o-fo'-be-ah) [zoo-; <j>6(ios, fear]. Mor-
bid dread of certain animals.

zoophysiology (zo-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [faxw, animal;
physiology]. Animal physiology.

zoophyte (zo'-o-fit) [zoo-; <I>vt6v, a plant]. A mem-
ber of the lower invertebrates.

zooplasty (zo'-o-plas-te) [t&ov, animal; irKaofftiv,
to form]. The surgical transfer of zoografts; the
transplantation of tissue from any of the lower
animals to man.

zoopsia (zo-op'-se-ah) [fwop, animal; oi^is, a vision].
The seeing of animals, as an illusion or as an hallu-
cination or in a dream.

zoopsychology (zo-o-si-kol'-o-je) [t&ov, animal;
\pvxv, soul, mind; X670S, science]. The science of
the mental activities of lower animals.

ZOOSCOPY

961

ZYMOPLASTIC

zooscopy (zo-os'-ko-pe) [fwof, animal; aicoweZv,
to see]. The hallucinatory appearance of animal
forms.

zoosperm (zo'-o-sperm). See spermatozoon.

zoospore {zo'-o-spor) [zoo-; <rw6pos, seed]. A
motile spore.

zootechnics, zootechny (zo-o-tek'-niks, zo'-o-tek-ne)
[faw, animal; rkxvv, art]. The science of breeding
and domesticating animals.

zootherapy (zo-o-ther'-a-pe) [{&ov, animal; OepaireLa,
therapy]. Veterinary therapeutics.

zootomist {zo-ot' -o-mist) [zoo-; toutj, a cutting].
One who dissects animals; a comparative anatomist.

zootomy (zo-ot'-o-me) [see zootomist]. The dis-
section of animals.

zootoxin (zo-o-tok'-siri) [t&ov, animal; to^ikov,
poison]. A toxin or poison of animal origin.

zoo trophic (zo-o-trof'-ik) [£6)ov, animal; rpkfaiv,
to nourish]. Pertaining to animal alimentation.

zootrophotoxism (zo-o-trof-o-toks'-izm) [zoo-; rpo4>n,
nourishment; to^kov, poison]. Poisoning with in-
fected animal food, z., gastric, z., intestinal, that
occurring through ingestion of spoiled flesh, milk,
or cheese, and marked by cholera nostras, colic,
diarrhea, fever, cramps, progressing to collapse and
cyanosis, z., tropeinic, due to ingestion of poisonous
sausage and salted fish, accompanied by symptoms
similar to those of tropeinism.

zoster (zos'-ter) [fwo-rifa, a girdle]. An acute
inflammatory painful disease, consisting of grouped
vesicles corresponding in distribution to the course
of the cutaneous nerves. See herpes zoster, z.
auricularis, a form affecting the ear. z. brachialis,
a form affecting the arm or forearm, z. ophthalmicus,
an eruption in the course of the ophthalmic division
of the fifth nerve.

zosteriform (zos-ter'-if-orm). Resembling zoster.

Zouchlos' test for albumin. A reagent consisting
of io % of potassium sulphocyanide solution and
20 parts of acetic acid, added drop by drop to an
albumin solution, produces a marked cloudiness.

Zr. Chemical symbol of zirconium.

Zuckerkandl's convolution (tsook'-er-kan-dl) {Emil
Zuckerkandl, Austrian anatomist, 1849-1910]. The
gyrus subcallosus; the peduncle of the callosum;
it is located in the mesal aspect of the cerebrum
and extends from the chiasm to the rostrum. Z.'s
dehiscences, small gaps sometimes existing in the
papyraceous lamina of the ethmoid bone, and
bringing the lining membrane of the latter in contact
with the dura. They are not pathological. Z.'s
vein, a small branch of the ethmoid veins through
which the veins of the lateral wall of the nose com-
municate with the cerebral veins.

Zwanck's pessary (Jtswank'). A pessary with two
wings.

Zwenger's test for cholesterin. See Liebermann-
Buchard's test.

zygal (zi'-gal) [£vy6v, a yoke]. Yoked; applied to
cerebral fissures consisting of two pairs of branches
connected by a stem.

zygapophysis (zi-gap-of'-is-is) [zygon; apophysis].
The articular process of a vertebra.

zygion (zij'-e-on). A craniometric point at either
end of the zygomatic diameter.

zygolabialis {zi-go-la-be-a'-lis) [zygon; labium, a
lip]. The zygomaticus minor. See under muscle.

zygoma (zi-go'-mah) [$vyoip.a., the cheek-bone].

1. The arch formed by the union of the zygomatic
process of the temporal bone and the malar bone.

2. The malar bone.

zygomatic (zi-go-mat'-ik) [zygoma]. Pertaining to
the zygoma, z. arch, the zygoma.

zygomatico- (zi-go-mat-ik-o-) [zygoma], A prefix
meaning relating to the zygoma.

zygomaticoangularis (zi-go-mat-ik-o-an-gu-lar'-is) .
Pertaining to the zygoma and the angle of the eye.

zygomaticoauricular {zi-go-mat-ik-o-aw-rik' -u-lar)
[zygomatico-; auricularis, of the ear]. Pertaining to
the zygoma and the ear.

zygomaticoauricularis (zi-go-mat-ik-o-aw-rik-u-la'-
ris) [see zygomaticoauricular]. The attrahens aurem
muscle. See under muscle.

zygomaticofacial (zi-go-mal-ik-o-fa'-shal) [zygo-
matico-; fades, face]. Pertaining to the zygoma
and the face.

zygomaticofrontal (zi-go-mat-ik-o-fron'-lal). Per-
taining to the zygoma and the frontal bone.

zygomaticomaxillary (zi-go-mat-ik-o-max'-il-la-re) .
Pertaining to the zygoma and the maxilla.

zygomaticoorbital izi-go-mat-ik-o-or' -bil-al) . Per-
taining to the zygoma and the orbit.

zygomaticosphenoid (zi-go-mat-ik-o-sphen'-oid) .
Pertaining to the zygoma and the sphenoid bone.

zygomaticotemporal (zi-go-mat-ik-o-tem'-po-ral)

[zygomatico-; temporal]. Pertaining to the zygoma
and the temporal bone or fossa.

zygomaticus (zi-go-mat' -ik-us) [zygoma]. One of
several small subcutaneous muscles arising from
or in relation with the zygoma. See under muscle.

zygomaxillary (zi-go-maks'-il-a-re). See zygo-
maticomaxillary.

zygomycetes (zi-go-mi-se'-tez) [£vy6v, a yoke;
p-vktis, fungus]. A group of fungi characterized by
sexual reproduction through the union of two similar
gametes (zygospores).

zygon (zi'-gon) [%vybv, yoke]. In the cerebrum,
the bar that connects the two pairs of branches of a
zygal fissure.

zygoneure {zi'-go-nur) [zygon; vevpov, nerve]. A
nerve-cell joining other nerve-cells.

zygosis (zi-go'-sis) [^vybv, yoke]. The process
of asexual reproduction by conjugation or fusion of
two protoplasmic bodies or gametes.

zygosperm (zi' -go-spur m) [$vybv, yoke; airepp-a,
seed]. Same as zygospore.

zygospore (zi'-go-spor) [$vy6v, yoke; airopa, seed].
The spore resulting from the zygosis or conjugation
of two protoplasmic bodies or gametes.

zygote {zi'-got). Same as zygospore.

zylenin, zylenobacillin (zi'-len-in, zi-len-o-bas' -il-in) .
A toxin from tubercle bacilli.

zylonite (zi'-lo-nlt) [£v\oi>, wood]. Celluloid.

zymase (zi'-mas). 1. See microzyme. 2. The un-
organized ferment or enzyme to which the fermentive
activity of the yeast-cell is due. z., Buchner's, that
expressed from dried yeast; yeast-cell plasma.

zyme (zlm) [£vp.r), leaven]. An organized ferment.
Cf. enzyme.

zymic (zi'-mik) [zyme]. Of or pertaining to
organized ferments.

zymin (zi'-min) [zyme]. 1. A pancreatic prepara-
tion used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
See zyme. 2. Sterile dried yeast; mixed with sugar
and water it is used as an application in leukorrhea
of gonorrheal origin.

zyminized (zi'-min-izd) [zyme], A term applied
to milk in which a fermentive change has been
induced, comparable to peptonization.

zymo- (zi-mo-) [^vp.7j, leaven]. A prefix meaning
pertaining to or produced by fermentation.

zymocide (zi'-mo-sid) [fu/177, leaven; cadere, to
kill]. A proprietary disinfectant.

zymogen (zi'-mo-jen) [zymo-; yewav, to produce].
The substance existing in the glands secreting a
digestive juice, and which, when set free, splits
into a ferment (enzyme) and a proteid.

zymogenic {zi-mo- j en' -ik) [zymogen]. 1. Causing
fermentation. 2. Pertaining to or producing" a
zymogen.

zymohydrolysis (zi-mo-hi-drol'-is-is) [zymo-; iiSup,
water; \veiv, to loosen]. Hydrolysis produced- by the
cleavage action of enzymes.

zymoid (zi'-moid) [zymo-; e!5os, like]. Resembling
an organized ferment.

zymoidin (zi-moid'-in). A proprietary wound
antiseptic said to be a mixture of oxides of zinc,
bismuth, and aluminum with iodine, boric acid,
salicylic acid, phenol, gallic acid, etc.

zymology (zi-mol'-o-je) [zymo-; \6yos, science].
The science dealing with fermentation.

zymolysis (zi-mol' -is-is) . See zymosis (1).

zymolytic (zi-mo-lit'-ik) [£vp.v, leaven; Xwris,
loosening]. Due to, attended with, or relating to
zymolysis; zymotic.

zymoma (zi-mo'-mah) [£vp.oelv, to make to ferment].
Any ferment, fermented mixture, or culture.

zymometer (zi-mom'-et-er) [zymo-; p.krpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring fermenta-
tion.

zymophore (zi'-mo-for) [£vp.-n, leaven; <popelv, to
bear]. The active part of an enzyme, that which
bears the ferment.

zymophoric, zymophorous {zi-mo f -or -ik, zi-mof-
or-us) [zymo- ; (j>opeiv, to bear]. Exerting a fermentive
action; bearing specific fermentive properties.

zymophyte (zi'-mo-flt) [zymo-; <j>vt6v, a plant].
A microorganism producing fermentation.

zymoplastic (zi-mo-plas'-tik) [^vp.rj, leaven; wXacraeLf,
to form]. Ferment-producing.

ZYMOSE

962

ZYMURGY

zymose (zi'-mos). See enzyme.

zymosimeter {zi-mo-sim'-et-er). See zymometer.

zymosis (zi-mo'-sis) [zyme]. i. Fermentation, the
result of the vital activity of certain microorganisms,
organized ferments, or zymes. 2. The condition of
one affected with a zymotic disease. 3- An infec-
tious disease, z. gastrica, organacidia gastrica in
which the organic acids are due to the presence in
the stomach of growing, sporulating, budding yeast.

zymosthenic (zi-mos-then'-ik) [zymo-; <rdevos,
strength]. An agent which increases the functional
activity of an enzyme.

zymotechnic (zi-mo-tek'-nik) [£vny, leaven; rkxvn,
art]. The art of inducing and conducting zymotic

processes in connection with vivification, acetifica-
tion, etc.

zymotic (zi-mot'-ik) [zymosis]. _ Pertaining to zy-
mosis ; produced by zymosis, z. disease, an infectious
disease.

zymotoxic {zi-mo-toks'-ik) [zymo-; to£ikov, poison].
In the side-chain theory, relating to the hemolytic
action of the toxophore group.

zymurgy (zi'-mur-je) [{vfiy, leaven; Ipyov, work].
That department of technological chemistry which
treats of the scientific principles of wine-making,
brewing, and distilling, and the preparation of yeast
and vinegar, in which processes fermentation plays
the principal part.

From the
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

" Dr. George M. Gould is the Johnson of medical
lexicography. His various dictionaries, adapted to
the needs ot student, practitioner and scholar have
had a commercial success that of itself is sufficient
to prove their practical usefulness."

" Dr. George M. Gould is not only the senior and
most prolific of medical lexicographers, but the most
successful from the publisher's point of view. The
success has been due to a combination of accuracy
and good judgment."

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